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THE  NEW  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


AST'OR,   LENOX 

TILDEN   FOUNDATIONS 

-       -      .    .^      III     If  I  1  I- '^^  """^  ^*^'™'****"'*' 


William  Alexander.  Earl  of  Stirling: 
(From    Caw's    Scoiiish    Gallory) 


HISTORY 

OF  THE 

TOWN    OF    SOUTHAMPTON 

(East  of  Canoe  Place) 


") 


BY     , 

JAMES  TRUSLOW  ADAMS,   M.  A. 

1 


HAMPTON     PRESS 

BRIDGEHA.MPTOIV,    L.    I. 

1918 


CL-  «  ■&">•  le^ 


aJ 


'   YORK 
F  :^RARY 

A  *•^f   i'   i~  .>.wX    AND 

T.i_DLN  Foundations 
R  1918  L 


Copyright  by 

Jumps   Truslow    Adams 

1918. 


TMt 

HAMPTON 

PRESS 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


List  of  Illustrations 

References 

Preface 

Chap.  I. 
Chap.  II. 
Chap.  III. 
Chap.  IV. 
Chap.  V. 
Chap.  VI. 
Chap.  VII. 
Chap.  VIII. 
Chap.  IX. 
Chap.  X. 
Chap.  XI. 
Chap.  XII. 
Appendices 
Index 


Land,  Geological  History,  Climate,  Animals,  etc. 

The  Indians 

The  Coming  of  the  English 

Growth  and  Expansion  to  1700 

Government  and  Social  Life 

Pirates  and  Other  Eighteenth  Century  Matters 

Early  Commerce  and  the  Founding  of  Sag  Harbor 

The  Revolution  ,  ,  .  » 

The  War  of  1812      .... 

Early  Nineteenth  Century 

Gro'wth  and  Dacliae  of  the  Whaling  Industry 

Conclusion  ..... 


V 

IX 

XIX 

1 

21 

43 

68 

94 

122 

140 

165 

185 

199 

227 

246 

255 
401 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


Earl  of  Stirling 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1661 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1G75 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1668 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1665 

Shinnecock  Hills  in  Winter 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1651 

Crooked   Pond 

A  Pool  on  North  Haven 

Indian  Earthenware  Jar 

Indian  Palisaded  Villages 

Sylvester  Pharaoh 

Stephen  Pharaoh 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1700 

New  Amsterdam  and  Indian  Canoes 

Map  of  Long  Island,  1690 

Atlantic  Coast  Indian 

Old  Farm  Road 

Conscience  Point 

Mackay  Homestead 

Old  Jennings  House 

Manor  House  of  Edward  Howell 

Title  Page  of  Pierson's  Catechism  , 

Shore  near  Shelter  Island  Ferry 

After  a  Storm 

On  the  South  Shore 

Sag  Harbor  Turnpike 

White  Homestead,  Sebonack 

Tyndall's  Grove 

Types  of  Early  Tombstones 

The  Windmill  at  Water  Mill 

Benedict's  Mill  at  Water  Mill     . 

North  End  Burying  Ground 


Frontispiece 

Facing  Page 

XX 

3 

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, 

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92 

N  I 


LIST  OF  I LLU  ST  RATION  a 


Old  Hook  Schoolhouse,  Southampton 

Presbyterian  Church  of  1707,  Southampton 

Capt.  Isaac  Sayrc  House 

Isaac  Foster  Homestead 

Edwin  Halsey  House 

The  John  Wick  (Brings)  House 

Sandford  Homestead 

Old  Hildreth  House 

Jackson  Homestead 

Old  Mill  on  Mill  Hill 

Cattle  Marks  .... 

The  Hollyhocks 

Old  Southampton  Academy 

Old  Say  re  House 

Toll  House,  Sag  Harbor  Turnpike 

Lumber  Lane  and  Turnpike 

Figure  Head,  Canoe  Place 

Old  Cannon  from  Sylph 

Old  Bridgchampton  Academy 

Road  at  Sebonack 

Shore  at  Noyack       .... 

Lower  Main  Street,  Southampton 

St.  Ann's  Church,  Rectory  and  Parish  House 

Col.  Benj.  Huntting  (Mrs.  Sage)  House 

Methodist  Church,  Sag  Harbor 

John  Jomiain  Hou.se 

Old  North  Haven  Toll  Bridge 

Bridge  over  Otter  Pond  Outlet 

Old  Schoolhouse,  Sag  Harbor     . 

Outpost  Captured  by  Col.   Meigs 

Presbyterian  Church,  Southampton 

Sag  Harbor  in  1845 

A  View  at  Sebonack 

A  Cove  on  the  North  Shore 

Title  Page,  Daggett's  Rights  of  Animals 

Presbyterian  Church,  Sag  Harbor 

Shore  at  Homes  Hill 

British  Earthworks,  Southampton 

Suffolk  Downs  .... 

David  Gclston       .... 

Old  Grlstori  House     .... 

Title  Page,  Warner's  Dream 

The  Mill  and  its  Miller,  Bridgchampton 

Hampton  House  ... 

Old  Atlantic  House 


Facing  Page  91 

94 

97 

99 

99 

101 

101 

103 

103 

106 

108 

110 

110 

112 

115 

119 

122 

126 

126 

129 

131 

135 

138 

142 

144 

147 

147 

149 

151 

151 

154 

156 

158 

161 

163 

165 

167 

167 

170 

172 

172 

174 

176 

179 

179 

Ll^T  OF  ILLUSTRAriUNS 

Capt.  Austin  House 

L.  Page  Topping  House 

Presbyterian  Church,  Bridgchampton 

The  Surf,  Bridgehampton 

Shore  near  Sag  Harbor 

Field  in  Swamp,  Cold  Spring     . 

The  Road  to  the  Mill     . 

Residence  of  James  L.  Breece,  Esq. 

Sagaponack  Bridge 

A  Bit  of  Sagg  Pond 

Methodist  Church,  Bridgehampton 

Hay  Ground  V/ind  Mill       . 

View  at  Seven  Ponds     . 

"The  Tent  on  the  Beach" 

On  the  South  Shore 

Methodist  Church,  Southampton 

Old  Plerrick  House 

Elisha  0.  Hedges  House 

Bridgehampton  Church  of  1737 

Old  Saw  Mill,  Seven  Ponds 

Roman  Catholic  Church,,  Southampton 

Garden  Gate,  Parrish  Art  Museum 

Parrish  Art  Museum 

Nathan  Sandford       .... 

Whaleship  Manhattan 

Page  from  a  Log-book 

Capt.  Mercator  Cooper  House 

Capt.  Mercator  Cooper 

Stranded  Bark,  Clan  Galbraith 

W'haling  off  Southampton  about  1690 

Whaling        ..... 

Whaling  .... 

Episcopal  Church,  Sag  Harbor 

St.  John's,  Southampton 

John  Jermain  Memorial  Library 

St.  Andrew's  Dune  Church 

Catholic  Church,  Bridgehampton 

Southampton  Hospital 

Southampton  High  School 

Pierson  High  School 

Rogers  Memorial  Library 


VII 

Facing  Page  181 
181 
183 
186 
188 
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199 
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204 
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Hazard  Hist.  Coll.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  517-527. 
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ISGG. 
Moore,  Chas.  B.    Historical  Address.    New  York,  1890. 
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Gen.  &  Biog.  Record,  April,  1887,  pp.  49-63. 
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closures  of  the  16th  Century  in  England.    Trans,  by  Col.  H.  A. 

Ouvry.     London,  1872. 
New  England  Hist,  and  Geneal.  Register.     Boston.  69  Vols.     1847. 
New  England  Memorial.  &c.    Ed.  Boston,  18-55. 
New  Amsterdam,  Records  of.     Ed.  B.  Fernow.     New  York,  1897. 

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New  Haven,  Records  of  the  Colony  and  Plantation  of,  1638-1649. 

C.  J.  Hoadley,  cd.    Hartford,  1857. 
New  Haven,  Records  of  the  Colony  or  Jurisdiction  of.  May,  1653, 

to  the  Union.    Ed.  C.  J.  Hoadley.    New  Haven,  1858. 
New  York,  Documentary  History  of.     4  Vols.     Ed.  E.  B.  O'Calla- 

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New  York.    State  Historian's  Report.    Col.  Series,  2  Vols.    Albany, 

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New  York,  Documents  Relating  to  the  Colonial  Hist.  of.     14  Vols. 

Albany,  1856-1883. 
New  York,  Council  Minute  Mss.  State  Archives,  Albany. 
New  York  Colonial  Mss.  State  Archives,  Albany. 
New  York  Geneal.  and  Biog.  Record.    New  York.  1870.    47  Vols. 


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Onderdonk,  H.  Jr.    Scrap  Books  in  L.  I.  Hist.  Soc.  Library.    9  Vols. 
Onderdonk,  H.  Jr.     Rev.  Incidents  in  Kings  and  Suffolk  Counties. 
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City  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.     Fairfield  County  Hist.  Soc,  1886. 

2  Vols. 
Osgood,  Herbert  L.     The  American  Colonies  in  the  17th  Century. 

New  York,  1904.     3  Vols. 
Oyster  Bay  Town  Records,  1653-1690.    New  York,  1916. 
Palfrey,  J.  G.    History  of  New  England.    Boston.    5  Vols.     1858-90. 
Palgrave,  Francis.    History  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.    London,  1867. 
Pelletreau,  W.  S.    Early  Long  Island  Wills.    New  York. 
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Pilling.    Bibliography  of  the  Algonquian  Languages.    Washington, 

1891. 
Pierson,  Abraham,  the  Indian  Catechism  of.    Conn.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll., 

Vol.  III.     Hartford,  1895. 
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KEFHRENCES  XVII 

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PREFACE 


The  unexpected  interest  aroused  by  the  pubHca- 
tion  of  the  Memorials  of  Old  Bridgehampton  and  the 
call  for  a  second  edition  have  led  me  to  rewrite  that 
volume,  from  a  different  standpoint  and  with  the  ad- 
dition of  much  new  material,  in  its  present  form  as  the 
history  of  the  whole  Town  east  of  Canoe  Place.  The 
choice  of  the  Canal  as  a  dividing  line  was  an  obvioub. 
one  for  several  reasons.  It  was,  for  one  thing,  the 
western  boundary  of  the  original  grant  and  settlements, 
and  so  remained  for  many  years.  Even  after  the  pur- 
chase of  the  lands  beyond  it,  their  development  was 
slow  and  the  history  of  the  Town  was  the  history  of  its 
eastern  portion. 

It  will  also  be  noted  that  I  have  endeavored  to  ob- 
struct the  narrative  as  little  as  possible  with  purely  genea- 
logical or  antiquarian  detail.  The  Town  Records,  in- 
cluding their  entries  as  to  the  divisions  and  sales  of  lands, 
are  in  print,  as  well  as  the  genealogies  of  most  of  the 
prominent  families  of  the  several  communities  and  are  easy 
of  access  to  those  curious  in  such  matters.  The  task  I 
set  myself  was  a  different  one,  and  was  simply  to  tell  the 
general  story  of  the  Town  from  its  founding,  to  the 
present  day,  to  picture  the  continuing  life  of  an  American 
community  from  its  beginning. 

I  have  the  pleasure  of  repeating  the  thanks  I  of- 
fered in  my  previous  volume  to  Mr.  W.  S.  Pelletreau, 
Mr.  Addison  M.  Cook,  the  family  of  the  late  Judge 
Hedges,  to  Mr.  Wm.  D.  Halsey,  Mr.  A.  W.  Topping 
and  to  Prof.  W.  O.  Crosby.     In  the  present  one  my  debt 


X \  FREFACE 

is  lar-gcly  increased  to  xMr.  II.  D.  Sleight,  of  Sag  Harbor, 
who  has  helped  iiie  greatly  in  all  matters  pertaining  to 
that  port  and  the  whaling  industry.  In  addition  I  wish 
to  acknowledge  my  thanks  to  Mr.  Stewart  Culin,  of 
the  Brooklyn  Institute  Museum,  who  kindly  had  the 
two  drawings  in  the  Indian  Chapter  made  for  me;  to 
Mr.  \\  illierforce  Mames,  who  has  greatly  helped  me  in 
the  matter  of  Sag  Harbor  imi)rints;  Mr.  O.  B.  Ack- 
erly,  who  has  allowed  me  to  reproduce  the  title  pages 
of  the  Sag  Harbor  volumes;  .Mr.  Peter  Nelson,  Archi- 
vist of  the  State  of  New  York;  to  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution of  Washington  for  permission  to  reproduce  the 
two  Indian  portraits,  as  well  as  to  The  J.  B.  Millet 
Publishing  Company  of  Boston  for  the  right  to  repro- 
duce that  of  Lord  Stirling;  to  the  Hon.  P.  C.  Hicks; 
Mr.  W.  L.  1  agger;  Mrs.  T.  O.  Worth;  Mr.  Frank  E. 
Haff;  Mr.  K.  lones  Ilildrcth;  iMr.  F.  G.  Mather;  Mr. 
S.  O.  Hedges;'  Mr.  Stephen  Hedges;  Rev.  Dr.  C.  H. 
Wilson;  Rev.  W.  M.  h'anton ;  Rev.  C.  S.  Gray;  Rev. 
Francis  \'.  Baer;  Rev.  S.  C.  Fish;  Rev.  Father  Cherry; 
Capt.  W.  S.  Bennett;  the  Proprietors  of  the  Seaside 
Times,  the  Southampton  Press,  the  Sag  Harbor  Ex- 
press, the  Sag  Harbor  News  and  Bridgehampton  News, 
and  the  Colonial  Society  of  Southampton  for  the  use 
of  cuts;  as  well  as  to  many  more  who  have  also  helped 
me  in  one  way  and  another,  including  my  father,  Mr, 
Win.  Newton  Adams  who  did  the  work  of  copying  the 
documents  in  the  Appendix  and  has  read  all  of  the  proof. 
My  thanks  are  further  due  to  Mr.  H.  M.  Hallock,  of 
the  Hampton  Press,  which  publishes  the  volume,  for 
his  personal  help  and  interest  in  all  matters  relating  to 
the  task  of  seeing  it  through  the  press. 

JAMES  TRUSLOW  ADAMS. 

"Wigwam." 
Mecox. 

October  4.  1917. 


THE  fiEV-f  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

ASTOR.   LENOX 

■HLDEN    ICUNDA-nONf 


CHAPTER  I. 

LAND,   GEOLOGICAL   HISTORY,   CLIMATE,   ANIMALS,   ETC. 

The  present  bounds  of  Southampton  Town  begin,  at 
their  most  easterly  point,  upon  the  ocean  beach  a  httle 
west  of  Wainscott  Pond,  and  run  thence  more  or  less 
northwesterly  in  a  straight  line  (except  for  a  small  jog 
on  the  south  due  to  a  boundary  dispute  with  East  Hamp- 
ton)* to  Shelter  Island  Sound  through  the  eastern  por- 
tion of  Sag  Harbor  Village.  From  that  point,  the  line 
follows  approximately  the  centre  of  the  Sound,  enclosing 
Hog  Neck  and  Noyack  Bay,  passing  through  the  Little 
and  Great  Peconic  Bays  (south  of  Robin's  Island),  into 
Flanders  Bay,  and  thence  up  the  Peconic  Riverf  to  a 
point  almost  due  north  of  Eastport.  The  western  bound 
is  an  almost  straight  line  from  the  Peconic  River  to  the 
Ocean,  which  it  reaches  a  little  west  of  the  Moriches 
Coast  Guard  Station.  From  this  western  point  to  the 
eastern  point,  along  the  beach  is  apprc:»ximately  27^ 
miles. 

A  glance  at  the  mapt  shows  that  the  land  so  bounded  is 
more  or  less  in  the  form  of  a  dumb-bell,  or  of  two  bottles 
joined  at  their  mouths,  the  Shinnecock  Canal, |1  connecting 

*See  Story  of  a  Celebration  pp.  71  et  seq. 

tSometimes  early  called  the  Accoback  River.  Col.  Docts.  Vol. 
XIV,  p.  600. 

+  The  best  map  is  that  engraved  from  the  U.  S.  Govt.  Topog.  Sheets 
and  published  with  Fuller's  Geology  of  Long  Island. 

II This  canal  was  begun  in  1884,  the  estimated  cost  then  being 
$35,000.  Unexpected  difficulties  were  met  and  the  canal  was  only 
finally  completed  in  1901  and  had  cost  the  State  $225,500.  It  is 
4,000  ft.  long,  40  ft.  wide  on  bottom  and  58  at  water  surface.  Whit- 
ford  Hist,  of  Canal  System,  State  of  N.  Y.,  Vol.  I  pp.  576-587. 


2  HISTORY   OF   IHE    TOHS   OF   SOLTHAMPTUN 

Sliinnecock  Bay  with  tlu.'  (ireat  Peconic  at  Canoe  Place, 
forniini^:  the  divuliiii;-  line  between  the  roughly  equal  por- 
tions of  the  Townshii).  The  present  course  of  the 
Canal  was  approximately  the  original  western  boundary 
of  the  Town  as  granted  by  Lord  Stirling  and  pur- 
chased from  the  Indians  in  1640.  and  it  is  with  the  east- 
erly jxirtion.  embracing,  as  it  does,  all  of  the  first  pur- 
chase, the  earliest  settlements,  the  richest  lands,  the 
most  important  villages  and  the  only  port,  that  this  book 
w  ill  mainl\   deal. 

'i'lu-  outstanding  physical  feature  in  the  conforma- 
tion of  the  land  is  the  marked  division  into  hills  and  plain, 
the  former  rising  to  an  elevation  of  302  feet  at  l>ald  Hill, 
which  marks  the  highest  point  on  eastern  hong  Island, 
(jcnerallv.  however,  they  are  but  one  to  two  hun- 
dred feet  in  height,  and  all  lie  in  the  northern  half  of  the 
Township  throughout  its  length,  constituting  a  most  in- 
teresting feature  in  the  landscape,  though  1  fear  the  de- 
scription of  them  as  ■"mountains"  in  the  survey  of  1738''' 
can  hardly  be  allowed  even  by  one  who  loves  them.  The 
(lescent  to  the  water  on  the  north  side  of  the  Town  is  usually 
abrupt,  giving  rise  to  many  sand  clitTs,  almost  perpen- 
dicular and  of  considerable  height.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  slojie  to  the  ocean  on  the  south,  from  the  lower  level 
of  the  hills  is  exceedingly  even  and  gradual,  forming  the 
great  i)lains  which  contain  most  of'the  Town's  farming 
lands.  The  edge  of  this  "overwash  plain"  as  it  is  called, 
is  much  indented  by  innumerable  small  creeks  and  coves 
on  the  shores  of  the  larger  Moriches,  Sliinnecock  and 
.Mecox  liays.  and  by  other  sheets  of  water,  which  form 
the  land  into  peninsulas  or  "necks,"  in  which  the  most 
fertile  soil  is  usually  found.  These  sheets  of  water  and 
their  low  shores  are  protected  from  the  sea  b\'  the  great 
barrier  beach,  which  extends  practically  unbroken  from 
the  eastern  part  of  the  Township  westward  to  Jamaica 
P.ay. 

l-*or  a  fuller  understanding  of  the  i)hysical  features  of 
the  landscape,  a  brief  accoinit  of  its  geological  history  is 
re(|uire(l.     This  hist<)r\-  is  made  up  of  the  record  of  al- 


•T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  94. 


THE  NEW  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

'■I  'i  ILDuU    I  C  ISr.D.l  ION?,  ! 


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HISTORY  OF   THE    TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  3 

ternate  depositions  of  sedimentary  deposits  under  water, 
of  the  rising  of  the  gradually  formed  land  above  the  sur- 
faces of  successive  seas,  and  of  later  changes  brought 
about  by  the  glaciers,  with  final  minor  surface  altera- 
tions due  to  the  still  active  agencies  of  wind  and  rain, 
together  with  the  currents  and  waves  of  the  ocean  of 

today. 

America  has  always  been  spoken    of    as     the     New 
World,  but  though  this  is  partially  true  in  an  historical 
sense,  it  is  by  no  means  so  geologically,  for  one  of  the 
very  oldest  rock  formations  of  the  earth  is  that  known 
as  the  Grenville,*  which  is  found  in  the  Adirondacks  and 
probably  in  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson.     This  rock 
was  of  sedimentary  origin,  and  at  the  time  it  was  de- 
posited upon  a  still  earlier  but  as  yet  undiscovered  sub-form- 
ation, all  of  northern  and  eastern  and  perhaps  southwest- 
ern New  York  was  below  the  level  of  a  sea.     The  esti- 
mates of  the  time  required  for  the  deposit  of  this  layer 
of  sediment,  since  hardened  into  rock,  call  for  a  period 
of  from  twenty  to  twenty-five  million  years.     The  great 
changes  in  the  relations  between  land  and  water  areas  in 
geological  periods  have  given  rise  to  successive  oceans 
of  varying  bounds  and  sizes,  and  these  oceans  of  former 
days  are  called  by  the  names  of  the  periods  in  which  they 
occurred.     Nothing  is  known  of  the  shore  line  of  this 
earliest  Grenville  Ocean  except  for  the  fact  that  as  sedi-  • 
mentary  deposits  are  made  by  the  wearing  down  of  ad- 
jacent land  masses  and  as  they  are  not  carried  far  into 
deep  waters  distant  from  the  shore,  this  section  of  the 
old  coast  line  of  that  day  could  not  have  been  very  dis- 
tant either  to  the  west  or  north.    We  know  only  that  an 
ocean  of  undetermined  size  and  shape  then  existed,  and, 
owing  to  the  finding  of  graphite  in  its  deposits,  that  life 
of  some  sort,  either  animal  or  vegetable,  was  already 
stirring  within  its  waters. 

At  various  times  during  this  period,  great  disturb- 
ances occurred  due  to  igneous    activity    in     the     earth 

*For  the  geological  facts  in  this  chapter,  I  am  mainly  indebted  to 
Miller's  Geol.  Hist,  of  N.  Y.  State,  Fuller's  Geol.  of  Long  Id.,  and 
personal  correspondence  with  Prof,  W.  O.  Crosby.  The  following 
paragraphs  follow  closely  the  same  portion  of  the  text  in  my  Me- 
morials of  Old  Bridgehampton. 


4  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN   Of  SOITHAMHON 

thousands  of  feet  below  the  surface  and  the  forcing  up 
into  the  Grenville  rock  of  enormous  masses  of  molten 
material,  of  which  probably  the  oldest  became  the  Laur- 
ontian  granite.  At  an  indeterminate  time  in  reference  to 
these  disturbances,  a  great  mass  of  land  including  the 
whole  of  the  Adirondack  region,  and  possibly  all  of 
northern  and  eastern  New  York,  was  raised  above  the 
then  sea  level  as  the  result  of  enormous  pressure,  and  a 
land  of  mountains,  probably  far  higher  than  the  Adiron- 
dacks  of  today,  was  formed.  By  the  time,  however,  that 
we  reach  the  geological  period  known  as  Cambrian  we 
again  find  all  eastern  New  York  sunk  below  the  level  of 
the  Cambrian  Sea,  with  the  exception  of  a  part  of  the 
A.dirondacks,  which  still  remained  as  a  mountainous 
island.  Next  followed  the  Ordovicic  period,  during 
which  the  ocean  covered  all  the  Mississippi  Valley,  the 
Appalachian  Mountain  region  and  all  New  York  and 
New  England,  except  the  Adirondack  island,  while,  on 
the  other  hand,  a  great  continent  known  as  Appalachia 
existed  in  what  is  now  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  western 
coast  line  of  that  now  lost  continent  being  approximately 
the  present  eastern  coast  line  of  the  United  States.  It 
is  evident  that  we  are  still  far  from  the  appearance  of  any 
such  small  and  definite  land  mass  as  Long  Island. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  Ordovicic  another  great  con- 
vulsion took  place  throughout  what  is  now  the  eastern 
United  States  north  of  Virginia  by  which  a  stupendous 
mountain  range,  known  to  geologists  as  the  Taconic, 
was  thrown  up  and  eastern  New  York  again  became  dry 
land.  Processes  of  erosion  and  continental  sinking  then 
ensued,  and  by  the  end  of  the  Siluric  period  all  eastern 
and  southern  New  York  was  again  covered  by  a  sea. 

Passing  over  further  intermediate  changes  and  com- 
ing down  to  the  close  of  the  Tertiary,  we  find  the  eleva- 
tion of  southern  New  York  some  3000  feet  higher  than 
at  present  and  the  coast  line  about  100  miles  further 
eastward,  the  Hudson  River  emptving  into  the  ocean 
that  distance  from  its  present  mouth  and  the  site  of 
I,ong  Island  part  of  the  continent  far  inland.  In  the 
next,  and  present  period,  the  Quaternary,  occurred  those 
changes  which  brought  about  the  existence  of  Long  Is- 


THE  NEW  YORK 
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HISTORY  OF  THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  5 

land  in  general  as  we  know  it  at  the  present  time.  A  long- 
period  of  subsidence  occurred,  followed  by  a  shorter 
one  of  elevation  carrying  the  land  to  about  its  present 
level.  Its  surface  was  then  further  modified  by  the  action 
of  glaciers  or  ice  sheets  producing  the  main  features  of 
the  landscape  as  it  appears  today.  These  ice  sheets,* 
which  gradually  spread  over  the  land  flowing  down  from 
the  north  from  three  centers  of  accumulation  and  out- 
flow were  of  almost  incredible  extent  and  thickness.  It 
is  estimated  that  they  covered  in  all  an  area  of  4,000,000 
square  miles  and  that  their  thickness  in  New  York  was 
several  thousand  feet,  completely  submerging  the  Adi- 
rondacks  and  possi-bly  the  Catskills,  although  thinning 
out  very  rapidly  along  their  southern  limits,  which  coin- 
cided here  with  the  line  of  Long  Island.  The  edge  of  the 
sheet,  with  changes  in  climate,  may  have  advanced  and 
retreated  several  times,  and  the  whole  duration  of  the 
period  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  500,000  to 
1,000,000  years,  while  the  average  estimate  of  the  period 
involved  since  the  final  retreat  of  the  ice  is  25,000  years. 

It  must  be  understood  that  during  the  whole  of  the 
ice  period  the  ice  was  steadily  flowing  southward  and 
that  the  terms  advance  and  retreat  merely  indicate  that 
the  point  at  which  melting  of  the  ice  stream  took  place 
v/as  sometimes  further  south  than  at  others.  During  this 
slow  ,  continuous  flow,  the  ice  gathered  material  from 
the  land  it  passed  over,  and  by  its  movement  and  the 
enormous  pressure,  scored  and  eroded  the  surface,  de- 
positing at  last,  along  the  line  of  its  final  melting,  the  ac- 
cumulated boulders  and  debris  of  all  kinds  wh'c'h  it  had 
picked  up.  This  material,  so  deposited,  was  of  vast  ex- 
tent, and  when  the  glacier's  melting  limit  remained  more 
or  less  stationary  for  a  long  period,  formed  what  are 
called  moraines,  of  which  one  of  the  best  examples  is  the 
hne  of  hills  already  alluded  to. 

From  the  front  of  the  glacier  as  it  melted,  enormous 
amounts  of  water  poured  forth,  carrying  in  it  the  finer 
portions  of  the  accumulated  matter  to  be  deposited  by 
sedimentation,  the  greater  part    near    the    glacier,    the 

*It  is  a  disputed  point  in  Long  Island  geology  whether  there  was 
only  one  or  several  successive  invasions  of  the  ice. 


6  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOH'N   OF   SOUTH  AM  FTON 

amount  lessening  as  ihc  tli^lancc  increased.  It  was  in 
this  way  that  was  formed  the  even,  gently  sloping  plain 
already  mentioned  which  stretches  from  the  hills  to  the 
sea,  except  where  now  submerged  by  the  bays. 

Sometimes  the  water  issued  from  the  glacier  front  in 
the  form  of  a  separate  well-dehned  stream,  in  which  case 
the  deposit  would  be  more  or  less  fan  like  in  shape,  form- 
ing a  lobe-like  hill,  of  which  the  best  example  on  the 
Island  is  Bald  Hill  in  the  western  part  of  the  Township. 
Or,  again,  owing  to  the  advance  and  retreat  of  the  ice 
front  within  a  limited  area,  compound  instead  of  single 
morainal  ridges  would  be  formed,  of  which  one  of  the 
best  examples  is  that  extending  from-  Hampton  Park  to 
Sag  Harbor.  The  Shinnecock  Hills,  on  the  other  hand, 
which  display  much  mixture  of  material  and  numerous 
'faults",  seem  to  have  been  formed  by  the  shoving  before 
it  of  material  by  the  glacier,  although  their  present  sur- 
face contour  is  largely  due  to  the  drifting  of  the  sand 
blown  by  the  winds. 

Among  the  most  interesting  and  characteristic  of 
glacial  formations,  which  can  best  be  studied  by  the  ex- 
amples near  Bridgehampton,  are  those  depressions,  fre- 
quently occupied  by  ponds  or  lakes,  which  are  technically 
known  as  "kettles."  Many  of  the  ponds  in  the  Town  be- 
long to  this  class,  and  one  of  the  most  noted  on  the  Island 
is  that  known  as  Scuttle  Hole  Pond,  on  the  north  side  of 
Scuttle  Hole  Road.  These  kettles  originated  in  various 
v/ays.  Sometimes  they  were  merely  the  depressions  be- 
tween two  successive  deposits  of  glacial  material,  in 
which  cases  the^  are  rarely  more  than  thirty  feet  deep, 
their  axes  running  parallel  to  the  line  of  the  old  ice  face, 
while  at  other  times  they  were  made  by  the  deposit  of 
glacial  material  over  huge  blocks  of  ice,  projecting  ice 
masses  or  solidified  accumulations  of  snow.  In  all  these 
latter  cases,  the  material  would  be  de])osited  either  upon 
these  masses  or  banked  up  against  their  sides,  and  as  the 
latter  melted,  the  debris  would  sink  down  taking  the 
place  of  the  ice  or  snow,  thus  forming  depressions  of 
varying  size  and  shape  below  the  surrounding  surface. 
Sometimes  the  melting  ice  mass  would  itself  deposit 
contained   material  bv  the  little  streams  which   flowed 


j    t:;e  new  york 

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ASTOR,   LENOX 
LriLDEN    FOUNDATIONS 

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HISTORY  OF   THE    TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  7 

from  it,  forming  what  are  known  as  kettle  rims,  of  which 
the  best  example  on  the  Island  is  near  the  gap  in  the 
moraine  two  miles  northwest  of  Southampton.  Occas- 
ionally these  kettles  occur  in  "chains'"  or  "valleys,"  which 
form  a  very  distinct  topographical  feature  of  Long  Island 
and  again  the  best  example  is  in  this  Township,  being 
the  one  formed  by  Scuttle  Hole,  Jehu,  Austen's,  Long 
and  Kellis  Ponds,  near  Bridgehampton. 

As  already  stated,  it  is  held  by  some  that  there  were 
interglacial  periods  due  to  changes  in  climate,  and  it  is 
to  these  warm  periods  that  they  attribute  the  growth  of 
trees  and  other  vegetable  matter,  remains  of  which  have 
so  frequently  been  found  buried  deep  below  the  deposits 
of  subsequent  periods.* 

The  shells  found  at  different    levels    in    boring    the 

*These  have  been  found  for  the  most  part  in  borings  for  wells. 
The  record  of  that  driven  by  Messrs.  J.  A.   Sandford   &   Sons  in 
Bridgehampton  is  given  below: 
Depth 
in    feet. 
70.  Tisbury    (Manhasset  formation)?    Gray   micaceous   clay 

with  a  few  small  quartz  pebbles. 
100.  Sankaty    (Jacob    sand   and    Gardiner's   clay)  ?      Medium 

grayish  white  sand  and  gravel,  with  pieces  of  greenish 

clay  containing  fragments  of  shells. 
105.  Jameco — Fine  to  medium  orange  colored  sand. 

110.  Jameco — Orange    colored    gravel,    apparently    identical 

with  that  of  the  old  glacial  bed  on  Gardiner's  Island. 
112.  Jameco — Very  fine  yellow  silt,  with  orange  gravel. 

115.  Cretaceous — Fine  gray  sand  with  muscovite  and  lignite. 

140.  Cretaceous — Medium    yellow    sand,    with    fragments    of 

shells. 
155.  Cretaceous — Greenish  gray  sandy  clay,  with  fragments 

of  shells. 
165.  Cretaceous — Very  fine  dark  gray  sand,  with  some  coarse 

white  quartz   sand. 
190.  Cretaceous — Fine  light  gray  sand. 

210.  Cretaceous — Fine  to  coarse  light  gray  sand  with  partly 

lignitized  wood. 
215.  Cretaceous — Medium  white  micaceous  sand. 

222.  Cretaceous — Fine  light  gray  sand  with  lignite. 

231.  Cretaceous — Lignite  and  large  flakes  of  muscovite. 

^85.  Cretaceous — Medium  white  micaceous  sand. 

275-287.     Cretaceous — White  sand,  muscovite  and  lignitized  wood. 
287-288.     Cretaceous — Fragments  of  iron  pyrites. 
288-300.     Cretaceous — Fine  to  medium  grayish  yellow  sand. 

Prof.  W.  O.  Crosby  gives  me  his  interpretation  of  the  above 
as  "Outwash,  drift  and  Sankaty  0-105  feet,  Lafayette  105-115  feet, 
Miocene  115-165  feet,  and  Magothy  165-300  feet." 


8  HISTORY   OF   THL    TOHN   OF    SOLTHAMHTON 

SandtDrd  well  were  thought  by  Fuller  to  belong  to  an 
interglacial  epoch,  and  until  1914  no  shells  belonging  to 
the  Tertiary  period  had  been  found  on  Long  Island.  In 
that  year  much  interest  was  aroused  among  scientists 
by  the  discovery  made  by  Thos.  C.  Topping  of  a  bed  of 
fossil  shells  of  that  period  in  a  road  pit  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Brick  Kiln  Road  to  Sag  Harbor,  about  a  half 
mile  north  of  Mrs.  Gardiner's  drive.  They  were  buried 
from  8  to  10  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground  at  a 
point  between  3  and  4  miles  from  the  ocean  and  about 
140  feet  above  sea  level,  the  locality  being  below  sea 
level,  of  course,  at  the  time  the  shells  found  their  perma- 
nent resting  place  there.* 

The  beaches  along  the  south  shore  have  been  formed 
partly  by  deposition  and  partly  by  erosion.  The  main 
material  is  c|uartz  sand  with  some  magnetic  and  garneti- 
ferous  sands  intermixed,  pebbles  being  found  only  where 
the  beach  adjoins  the  main  land.  Owing  to  the  appar- 
ent necessity  of  a  very  thorough  stirring  of  the  sands  in 
order  to  separate  the  magnetic  and  garnetiferous  par- 
ticles from  the  quartz,  the  segregated  masses  of  the 
former  are  best  seen  after  a  heavy  storm. 

It  is  probable  that  in  the  ice  age,  the  beach,  along  the 
eastern  part  of  the  Town  at  least,  was  from  a  half  mile 
to  a  mile  further  seaward  than  at  present,  it  having  been 
made  by  erosion  and  the  surplus  material  carried  west- 
ward to  form  the  great  barrier  beaches  south  of  the 
Bays.  This  work  of  erosion  is  still  going  on,  the  ocean 
having  probably  encroached  a  hundred  feet  or  more 
upon  the  land  since  the  settlers  first  came,  while  about 
two  acres  are  annually  lost  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Alontauk.  It  has  been  stated  that  whale  boats  aban- 
doned on  the  north  side  of  the  dunes  have  been  over- 
whelmed by  them  and  have  long  after  reappeared  on  the 
ocean  side,  the  sand  hills  passing  completely  over  them 
on  their  march  inland.     Last  year  (i9i6'>  the  wind  and 

*Prof.  Crosby  in  writinp:  me  states  that  he  believes  these  fossils 
to  be  undoubtedly  of  Sankaty  apre  and  that  his  colleague  Dr.  Hervey 
W.  Shimer  has  identified  the  following  species:  Venus  mercenaria 
(variety  antiqua).  Area  transversa,  Area  linula,  Anomia  aculeata, 
Crepidula  fornicata.  Neverita  duplicata,  and  Clina  sulphurea.  See 
Memorials  pp.  9-10  for  Prof.  Crosby's  full  field  notes. 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  9 

water  having  made  a  deep  cut  through  the  dunes  about 
200  feet  west  of  the  Coast  Guard  Station  at  Mecox,  I 
found  that  there  had  been  uncovered  an  old  road,  which 
was  probably  used  by  the  early  settlers  to  gain  access  to 
the  meadow  lands  back  of  the  beach,  and  which  in  any 
case  must  have  originally  lain  north  of  the  dunes.  It 
lies  at  present  under  about  fifteen  feet  of  sand  in  the 
middle  of  the  dune  formation.*  While  the  beach  here 
is  thus  gradually  being  worn  away,  those  to  the  west  are 
being  built  up,  there  being  at  the  same  time  a  general 
slow  subsidence  of  the  land.  This  has  been  very  marked 
in  Peconic  Bay,  fformer  cedar  forests  at  Riverhead 
being  now  completely  submerged,  while  it  is  probable 
that  a  large  part,  if  not  all,  of  the  Bays  on  the  south  side 
were  originally  dry  land.  One  hundred  and  fifty  years 
ago  the  bottom  of  the  Great  South  Bay  was  in  many 
places  covered  with  the  stumps  of  trees,  and  even  forty 
years  ago  large  numbers  of  oak  stumps,  12  to  24  inches 
in  diameter  were  found  at  Islip  in  the  salt  meadow  of 
Wm.  Nicoll,  Esq.,  and  also  on  the  north  side  of  the  beach 

*An  article  in  the  News,  May  13,  1910,  states  that  owing  to  the 
fhi'tna'  of  the  dunes  on  the  farm  of  John  Hand,  an  old  road  also 
came  to  light,  there.  This  io;i<l  niong  tlie  beacii  banks  was  not,  us 
has  several  times  been  stated,  the  old  main  road.  That  followed  the 
line  of  Mecox  Road  and  crossed  Calve's  Creek  at  the  Wading-  Place. 
The  beach  road  is  probably  200  years  old,  however,  and  was  used 
not  only  to  gain  access  to  the  meadows  for  grass  cutting,  but  was 
also  used  later  by  the  fish  wagons.  These  had  very  broad  tires, 
and  the  wide  tracks  still  visible  are  probably  those  made  by  these 
v/heels.  There  are  many  specific  evidences  in  the  Town  Records  of 
the  encroachment  of  the  sea.  Among  others  may  be  noted  Vol.  V, 
p.  280,  John  Jagger's  beach  lot,  now  covered  by  the  dunes;  Ibid,  p. 
289,  Frog  Pond  now  under  the  beach;  Vol.  II,  p.  353,  notes  an  old 
boundary  fence  still  visible  in  1864  at  very  low  tide,  originally  set 
in  meadow  bottom.  Thompson,  Hist,  of  Long  Id.,  Vol.  I,  p.  41,  men- 
tions land  at  Southampton  as  having  been  covered  by  dunes,  which 
later  moved  off  again. 

tMr.  H.  D.  Sleight  writes  me  (Apl.  18,  1917)  in  reference  to 
erosion  of  the  coast  at  Sag  Harbor,  "where  the  summer  home  of  F. 
C.  Havens  is  located  at  Bluff  Point,  just  east  of  Conkhn's  Pomt, 
where  stood  Uriah  Gordon's  boat  shop,  the  late  Edgar  Hunt  told  me 
before  his  death,  a  number  of  years  since,  that  the  erosion  had  been 
so  great  the  sea  had  cut  into  the  bluff  fully  fifty  feet  durmg  his 

life.    He  was  a  surveyor  and  a  man  not  prone  to  exaggerate 

Gull    Island has   disanpeared.      In   my   boyhood   there   was   a 

small  portion  left.  Cedar  Island  would  be  gone  but  for  protective 
breakwater.  I  have  bird-nested  where  there  is  now  eight  feet  ot 
water." 


10  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOUN   OF   SOUTH  AM  FTON 

under  ihrcc  feet  ol"  water  at  low  tide.  Tlie  early  settlers 
had  a  tradition,  apparently  received  from  the  Indians, 
that  the  whole  of  the  Bay  was  once  a  fresh  water  swamp, 
so  little  wet  at  times  that  it  could  l)e  i)assed  over  dry 
shod  to  the  ocean,  and  that  the  Bay  is  comparatively 
modern  is  also  su^j^ested  hy  the  fact  that  no  Indian  shell 
heaps  have  been  f(^und  near  it.*  In  the  Roggeveen 
Map.  1675,  reproduced  in  this  volume,  interesting  evi- 
dence is  given  of  changes  in  depth  of  the  water  both  in 
that  Bay  and  off  the  shore  of  Southampton  Town. 

The  action  of  the  sand,  however,  is  not  wholly  con- 
lined  to  the  immediate  shore  line,  but  aided  by  the  winds 
instead  of  currents  extends  in  some  cases  far  inland.  All 
of  the  hill  formation  of  the  old  moraine  south,  southeast 
and  southwest  of  Sag  Harbor,  before  it  became  forested, 
was  covered  with  drifting  sand,  as  were  also  the  Shinne- 
cock  Hills,  as  already  noted.  Various  bits  of  contempor- 
ary evidence  enable  us  to  trace  the  changes  in  these  latter 
during  the  past  century,  and  to  see  how  nature  unaided 
has  gradually  transformed  a  desert  waste.  In  1804, 
Timothy  Dwight  described  them  as  "a  succession  of  dis- 
agreeable sand  hills;  a  considerable  part  of  which  are 
blown,  like  the  grounds  formerly  mentioned  in  the  de- 
scription of  Cape  Cod ;  and  exhibit  a  desolate  and  melan- 
choly aspect."!  Forty  years  later  Prime  spoke  of  them 
as  "composed  almost  entirely  of  fine  sand,  which  is  still 

drifted  hither  and  thither  by  the  winds perfectly 

naked  except  extensive  patches  of  whortle  berry,  bay 
l)crry  and  other  small  shrubs  ;"||  while  Bayles  described 
them  in  1874  as  "huge  hills  of  sand"  forming  "an  impass- 
.'ible  barrier  which  divided  the  intercourse  of  civilization 

here  and   there  a  patch  of  some  low-growing 

shrub  and  scattered  blades  of  poverty  grass  are  the  only 

*Elias  Lewis.  Jr.,  Ups  and  Downs  of  the  L.  I.  Coast.  Pop.  Sc. 
Monthly,  Feb.  1877. 

tTimothy  Dwijrht,  Travels  in  New  Eng.  and  New  York,  ed.  1822. 
Vol.  Ill,  p.  317.  He  adds  "these  hills  were  once  cultivated;  but  from 
the  poverty  of  the  soil,  and  the  ravages  of  the  wind,  appear  to  have 
been  finally  forsaken." 

UN.  S.  Prime.  History  of  Long:  Island,  p.  15. 


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TILDEN    FCUNDATTONSJ 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TO/fN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  11 

lepresentatives  of  vegetation  that  dare  an  existence. "v 
At  present,  while  there  is  as  yet  no  forest  growth,  there 
are  innumerable  fair-sized  cedars,  black  oaks  and  other 
trees,  singly  and  in  groves,  (particularly  toward  the 
west),  while  the  hills  are  thickly  covered  with  various 
vegetation  of  lower  sorts. | 

The  wild  and  desolate  aspect  of  this  region  in  the 
early  days  seems  to  have  given  rise  to  various  legends 
of  a  gruesome  sort,  of  which  I  have  found  only  one  pre- 
served, which  is  of  a  "dare-devil  traveller  who  challenged 
^11  the  grim  spirits  of  the  infernal  regions  to  deter  him 
from  them  on  a  dark  and  stormy  night,  many  years  ago, 
and  was  soon  after  found  lying  dead  by  the  roadside, 
without  a  mark  of  violence  upon  him  except  that  his 
tongue  was  drawn  out  'by  the  roots'  and  hung  on  a 
neighboring  bush.  As  his  money  was  found  untouched 
in  his  pockets,  it  was  evident  that  the  mysterious  deed 
had  not  been  perpetrated  for  plunder,  and  as  the  peculiar 
nature  of  the  wound  seemed  to  forbid  the  supposition 
that  human  hands  were  responsible  for  the  deed,  its 
commission  was  ascribed  directly  to  the  fiends  of  dark- 
ness whose  vengeance  the  hapless  traveller  had  de- 
fied."* 

For  long,  these  hills  and  the  country  west  of  them, 
as  Bayles  wrote,  formed  an  almost  impassable  barrier 
to  intercourse,  and  exerted  no  little  influence  in  keeping 
the  early  settlements  here  isolated  from  those  to  the 
westward.  Even  as  late  as  1867  a  traveller  crossing 
them  in  a  buggy  wrote  that  "our  gait  through  them 
might  have  been  two  miles  an  hour."  while  further 
west  in  earlier  days  as  the  traveller  advanced  he  found 
the  land  "so  closely  covered  with  tangled  wood  and  in- 

tR.  M.  Bayles,  Sketches  of  SuflFolk  County,  p.  325. 

JOn  Feb.  19,  1861,  3200  acres  of  Shinnecock  Hills  and  Sebonac 
Neck  were  sold  at  auction  for  $6250.  Express,  Feb.  21,  1861.  A 
couple  of  g-enerations  ap:o  there  was  a  wind  sawmill  located  at 
about  where  the  Peconic  Bathing  Station  is  now  on  the  north  shore 
of  the  hills,  to  saw  cedar  logs  from  trees  growing  round  about. 

*Bayles,  Ibid.  p.  324. 

§  Express,  Dec.  12,  1867. 


12  HISTORY    Ot    Till:    Ton  S    OF    SOL  THAMl'TON 

tersected  by  streams  and  morasses  as  to  prevent  passage 
on  foot."* 

Whatever  the  conditions  on  these  hills  may  have  been 
when  the  settlers  first  came,  there  is  ample  evidence  to 
prove  that  the  plains  were  well  wooded  in  many  places 
close  to  the  ocean  shore.  Of  Montauk,  in  1650,  Secre- 
tary von  Tienhoven  wrote  that  it  "is  entirely  covered 
with  trees,  without  any  flats."!  The  report  of  the  lay- 
ing out  of  land  in  1653  in  Sagg  and  Mecox  contains  evi- 
dence of  conditions  there  for  lot  number  26  is 
described  as  "on  the  skirt  of  the  little  plaine 
eastward  of  mecox  water  running  from  the  beach 
10  the  creek  toward  the  woods,"  and  lots  28,  29 
and  30  as  "bounded  by  marked  trees. "t  Further 
westward,  again,  in  Southampton  village  we  find 
in  1645  i'"'  connection  with  laying  out  10  acres  on 
the  "great  playne"  it  was  provided  that  "what  shall  be 

wanting shall  be  supplied  at  the  upper  end  nexi 

the  wood  land."j|  Many  more  instances  might  be  given, 
but  there  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  the  plains  were  ex- 
tensively wooded  and  that  some  of  the  timber,  at  least, 
was  of  fair  size,  although  the  Indian  custom  of  burning 
the  underbrush  through  the  woods  in  the  spring  prob- 
ably destroyed  much  timber  and  perhaps  checked  the 
development  of  a  larger  growth.  §  This  Indian  custom 
was  also  followed  by  the  settlers,  and  we  find  regulations 
in  regard  to  the  dates  of  firing  and  other  matters  in  the 

*C.  B.  Moore.    Early  History  of  Hempstead,  p.  6. 

tN.  Y.  Col.  Docts.   Vol.  I,  p.  365. 

JT.  R.  Vol.  I,  pp.  98,  99.  In  a  deed  dated  Apl.  12,  1666,  1-3  of  a 
£50  aUotment  at  Sap:g  butting  north  into  the  woods  and  south  upon 
the  sea  is  sold  to  Thos.  Topping,  while  another  tract,  of  10  acres, 
in  the  previous  year,  was  bounded  south  by  the  ocean  and  north  by 
woods.    News,  Mar.  11,  1915. 

II T.  R,,  Vol  I,  p.  36.  See  for  points  further  westward,  Canoe 
Place  division  of  1738,  in  which  cedar  swamps  are  mentioned,  pines 
and  red  oaks  used  as  boundary  marks,  and  the  "Red  Seder  timber 
on  the  beach"  allotted.     T    R.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  127. 

SAs  to  the  size  of  some  of  the  trees.  Miss  H.  B.  Hedges  stated  to 
me  that  her  father  told  her  that  his  father  told  him  that  their 
former  house  on  Sagg  Street  was  originally  built  of  timber  grow- 
ing on  the  site  of  the  house  (present  homestead  of  Mr.  Clifford  Fos- 
ter). The  house  was  remodelled  in  1709,  was  built  of  oak  and  the 
beams  very  large.     [Burned.! 


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HISTORY    OF  THE    TOH'N  Oh   SOUTH  AM  HTON  13 

Records  of  the  various  towns. t  Very  early  also  we 
begin  to  find  evidences  of  a  very  strict  conservation  of 
the  woods  in  such  items  as  that  of  Sept.  1662,  when 
Richard  Smith  "being  convicted  of  misdemeanor  in  and 
about  felling  timber  contrary  to  order  &  strict  prohibi- 
tion, is  awarded  by  the  Cort  to  pay  £5  to  the  town's  use" 
&c.,*  and,  again,  in  1664,  when  it  was  ordered  that  "from 
henceforth  noe  person  whatsoever  shall  improve  any 
timber  within  the  bounds  of  this  Towne,  in  pipe 
staves,  or  of  any  other  nature  or  form,  by  selling  them 
to  any  that  shall  convey  them  out  of  this  plantation  upon 
penalty  of  20s.  per  tree."t  Some  writers  have  concluded 
that  such  items  indicate  a  scarcity  of  timber,  but  I  think 
they  are  merely  evidence  of  a  wise  policy  of  conserving 
the  Town's  resources  for  the  future,  for  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  such  regulations  are  found  in  the  records  of  almost 
every  town  in  New  England  at  that  period  regardless  of 
the  abundance  of  wood  in  the  neighborhood.  § 

At  the  present  time  the  woods  range  from  about  two 
to  four  miles  from  the  ocean, ||  and,  very  likely  as  a  re- 
sult of  this  steady  decrease  in  the  area  covered  with 
trees,  the  amount  of  water  in  the  ponds  and  streams 
seems  likewise  to  have  suffered  a  steady  decline.  The 
presence  in  early  days  of  mills  and  dams  on  streams 
which  now  hardly  exist  except  at  certain  times,  as  well 
as  other  indications  all  point  to  this  in  my  opinion.  In 
1843,  Thompson  mentions  as  one  of  the  nine  principal 
marshes  of  Long  Island,  the  tract  between  Sagg  Pond 
and  Mecox  Bay,  now  all  firm  land.  The  Pond  was  un- 
doubtedly much  larger  originally,  and  a  mill  and  dam 
were  located  at  its  head  where  the  bridge  now  crosses 

JSee  e  g.,  Southold,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  329. 

*T.  R..  Vol  II.  p.  20. 

flbid.  Vol.  II,  p.  233. 

§See  Southold.  T.  R,  Vol.  I,  pp.  319  and  325;  Plymouth  Colony 
Reed.,  Vol.  XII,  p.  8;  Weeden  Econ.  Hist,  of  N.  E.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  62, 
et  seq;  Adams,  Village  Com.  Cape  Anne  and  Salem,  pp  54,  et  seq; 
and  innumerable  other  references. 

II  I  am  speaking  of  the  eastern  half  of  the  town. 


11  HISTORY   OF   Tin.    TOH  S    (>T    SOlTHAMTTON 

the  trickling  stream  from  the  swamp.*  Hacker's  Hole, 
on  Ocean  Road,  Bridgehampton,  was  at  one  time  a  pond 
of  considerahle  size,  though  now  practically  dry,  while 
Kellis  Pond  used  to  drain  into  Mecox  Bay  through  a 
canal-like  depression  still  clearly  traceable,  and  a  mill 
was  located  on  this  now  lost  stream,  where  it  crossed 
Paul's  Lane.  Scuttle  Hole  Pond  has  shrunken  largely 
even  in  the  last  generation,  for  .Mr.  A.  M.  Cook  tells  me 
that  as  a  boy  he  used  to  fish  from  an  apple  tree  now  far 
back  from  the  water's  edge,  and  such  instances  might 
be  multi[)lied  in  other  parts  of  the  Town.  On  the  other 
hand,  certain  ponds,  as  also  happens  elsewhere  on  this 
island,  seem  to  show  great  variations  in  the  amount  of 
v.ater  from  time  to  time,  notably,  in  this  neighborhood, 
the  one  known  as  Poxabogue.  which  in  September  1910 
became  so  dry  that  people  could  walk  across  its  bed, 
which  was  said  at  that  time  not  to  have  happened  before 
for  ninety  years.  § 

It  has  always  been  the  custom  from  the  earliest  times 
to  cut  openings  through  the  beach  in  the  autumn,  or  at 
other  seasons  when  necessary,  to  allow  tlie  waters  of 
Mecox  Bayt  and,  later,  of  Sagg  Pond  to  t]ow  into  the 
ocean,  partly  to  prevent  these  sheets  of  water  flooding 
the  surrounding  lands,  partly  on  account  of  the  oyster 
beds,  and,  at  first,  largely  to  ensure  the  running  of  the 
stream  for  Howell's  water  mill.  The  cut  so  made  is 
known  as  the  "Seapoose,"  and  occasionally,  though 
wrongly,  as  the  "Bay-poose."  The  word  is  Indian  in 
origin  and  signifies  a  "little  river."  being  also  sepoese, 
(little  river)  in  the  Narragansett  tongue. i  The  first 
syllable  has  nothing  to  do  with  our  English  word  sea. 

*Saprp:  Swamp  used  to  be  the  Mill  Pond  and  the  timbers  of  the 
old  mill  are  still  visible  at  times  just  south  of  the  road  on  the  west 
side  of  the  stream.  This  was  Deacon  Hedges'  fulling  mill  over  a 
century  atro- 

§News,  Sept.  30,  1910. 

fThis  bay  was  surveyed  in  1884,  and  was  found  to  contain,  in- 
cluding creeks,  1,157  acres,  the  "great  bay"  containing  760.  Ex- 
press, Jan.  24,  1884. 

JRoger  Williams.  A  Key  into  the  Languages  of  America,  &c.  The 
cut,  now  made  at  Water  Mill  beach,  was  at  one  time  further  east, 
near  Mr.  Berwind's  bungalow,  and  it  is  this  which  is  sometimes  re- 
ferred to  as  "the  old  route." 


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HISTORY  OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  15 

but  has  given  rise  to  the  term  sea-puss.  References  to 
cutting  the  Seapoose  are  frec^uent  in  the  Records  and 
always  refer  to  the  outlet  for  Mecox  Bay.  The  earliest 
i  have  found  is  of  1647,  when  "the  burthen  of  opening 
the  beach  for  the  miH"||  was  mentioned,  showing  clearly 
the  original  purpose  of  the  cut,  while,  again,  in  1653, 
"Captain  Topping,  Mr.  Rayner  &  John  White  are  ap- 
pointed and  left  to  agree  (if  they  can)  with  the  miller 
concerning  the  alteration  of  his  mill  to  ease  the  town  of 
the  burden  of  opening  the  seapoose"  &c.*  Human 
nature  sometimes  got  the  better  of  parliamentary  pro- 
cedure apparently  for  "at  a  town  meeting  November  2, 
1652,  Isaack  Willman  in  a  passionate  manner  said  that 
some  of  them  that  voated  for  the  raising  of  the  mill  knew 
noe  more"  what  belonged  to  the  seapoose  than  a  dogge. 
Note,  he  hath  given  satisfaction."! 

The  land  as  described  above,  with  its  hills  and  plains, 
its  woods  and  fertile  fields,  its  numerous  ponds  and 
streams  and  deeply  indented  shores,  with  the  ocean  on 
the  south  and  sheltered  harbors  on  the  north,  combined 
with  the  comparative  friendliness  of  the  natives,  thus 
made  an  ideal  locality  for  settlement,  but  there  is  an- 
other particular  in  which  the  East  End  of  the  Island  is 
almost  unique  on  the  seaboard,  which  is  the  climate.  In 
the  first  half  of  the  last  century  official  observations  cov- 
ering a  period  of  (for  the  most  part)  25  years  were  made 
at  62  different  Academies  located  at  various  points  in  the 
state,  of  which  Clinton  Academy,  East  Hampton,  was 
one.  For  that  period  it  was  found  that  the  number  of 
clear  days  per  year  was  much  greater  there  than  at  any 
of  the  others,  averaging  20.41  per  month  as  compared, 
for  example,  with  only  12.50  per  month  for  New  York 
City.  1  These  figures  were  borne  out  in  a  later  period  by 
the  tables  of  sunshine  made  by  the  U.  S.  Government  in 
1899,  which  showed  that  the  East  End  had  too  more 
clear  days  in  the  year  than  New  York  City  and  162  more 
than  Rochester,  and  that  in   the  matter  of  sunlight  it 

II  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  43. 
*T.  R-.  Vol.  I.  D.  94. 
tT.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  85. 
IF.  B.  Hough,  Essay  on  the  Climate  of  Long  Island,  pp   29-30. 


16  HISTORY   Ol-    Tin:    Ton  N   OF   SOLTHAMHTON 

could  be  classed  with  Mich  places,  noted  in  this  respect, 
as  Phoenix,  El  Paso,  and  Sante  Fe.f  Temperature 
figures  show  it  to  possess  the  coolest  climate  in  summer 
on  the  entire  Atlantic  coast  from  Florida  to  Maine  with 
the  single  exception  of  Nantucket,  while  the  extreme 
average  dates  for  killing  frosts  arc  three  weeks  later  in 
the  fall  and  a  month  earlier  in  the  spring  than  at  the 
western  end  of  the  island. t  In  one  other  respect  the  cli- 
mate here  is  uni(|ue  in  New  York  State,  elsewhere 
throughout  which  the  greatest  deposit  of  moisture  occurs 
in  summer,  while  here  it  occurs  in  winter. 

Not  only,  however,  did  land  and  climate  offer  such 
unusual  advantages  for  colonization,  but  the  water  liter- 
ally swarmed  with  many  varieties  of  edible  fishes,  while 
the  southern  coast  was  a  favorite  resort  of  "tire  King  of 
waters,  the  Sea  shouldering  whale"  as  Wood  quotes 
Spenser  in  his  New  England's  Prospect.*  Shellfish  of 
many  sorts  were  also  exceedingly  plenty,  including  those 
from  which  wampum  was  made,  as  will  be  more  partic- 

tLe  G.  M.  Denslow,  M.  D.,  The  Climate  of  Long  Island,  Med.  Rec- 
ord, June  1.  1901. 

tThe  following'  temperature  fig-ures  (the  earlier  set  recorded  in 
East  Hampton  and  later  in  Southampton),  appeared  in  an  article 
by  Ernest  S.  Clowes,  in  the  News,  Feb.  16,  1917: 

1827-43  1901-15 

January    30.1  30.9 

February    30.7  28.6 

March    36.4  37.9 

April    44.4  46.0 

May   • 53  2  55.7 

June     62.8  64.2 

July    69.9  70.7 

August    68.5  69.1 

September • 62.5  64.2 

October     52.2  54.6 

November     42.2  43.7 

December    33  5  33.7 

In  Feb.,  1885.  the  ocean  froze  for  a  half  mile  from  shore.  Ex- 
press, Feb.  19,  1885. 

*"Upon  the  South-side  of  Long  Island  in  the  Winter  lie  store  of 
Whales  and  Crampasses,  which  the  inhabitants  begin  with  small 
boats  to  make  a  trade  catching  to  their  no  small  benefit.  Also  an 
innumerable  multitude  of  Seals,  which  make  an  excellent  oyle;  they 
lie  all  the  Winter  upon  some  broken  Marshes  and  Beaches  or  bars 
of  sand  before-mentioned,  and  might  be  easily  got  were  there  some 
skilful  men  would  undertake  it."  Denton  Brief  Description,  &c., 
1670,  p.  6.  ' 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  17 

ularly  noted  in  the  next  chapter.  Wild  fowl  were  to  be 
had  in  enormous  quantities,!  while  all  early  writers 
agree  as  to  the  abundance  of  turkeys,  though  the  state- 
ment of  one  of  them  that  "there  are  verie  fayre  Turkeys 
fare  greater  than  heere  500  in  a  flocke"  is,  I  fear,  of  ec[ual 
veracity  with  the  same  author's  note  that  "ther  is  also 
a  race  of  Bufaloes  wch  will  be  ridden  and  brough  to  draw 
and  plowe  and  be  milked, "|  which  reminds  one  of  Jos- 
selyn's  interesting  discovery  that  in  America  porcupines 
lay  eggs. II  Of  the  larger  animals,  deer  seem  originally 
to  have  been  plenty,  but  in  1726  an  Act  of  Assembly  was 
passed  for  "the  more  effectual  preservation  and  increase 
of  Deer  on  the  Island  of  Nassau  [Long  Island] "*so  there 
was  evidently  some  fear  at  that  time  of  their  extermina- 
tion. Beaver  were  also  fairly  abundant  in  parts  of  the 
island,  leaving  evidence  of  their  existence  in  this  Town 
in  the  name  of  Beaver  Dam,  but  they  were  most  numer- 
ous west  of  here  and  Southold,  although  the  translation 
of  Huppogues,  the  Indian  name  for  the  present  Smith- 
town  by  "the  beaver  place"  would  seem  to  be  an  error.  § 
With  all  this  abundance  of  useful  animal  life,  how- 
ever, there  were  not  wanting  beasts  troublesome  and 
dangerous  to  man,  "wild  vermin"  as  the  East  Hampton 

f'Wild  Fowl  there  is  great  store  of,  as  Turkies,  Heath  Hens, 
Quails,  Partridges,  Pidgeons,  Cranes,  Geese  of  several  sorts.  Brants, 
Ducks,  Widgeon,  Teal,  and  divers  others.  There  is  also  the  red  Bird, 
with  divers  sorts  of  singing  birds,  whose  chirping  notes  salute  the 
ears  of  Travellers  with  an  harmonious  discord;  and  in  every  pond  and 
brook  green  silken  frogs,  who  warbling  forth  in  their  untun'd  tunes 
strive  to  bear  a  part  in  this  musick."    Denton,    Brief  Descrip.,  p-  5. 

tThe  Commodities  of  the  Island  called  Manati  ore  Long  Island, 
which  is  in  the  Continent  of  Virginia. 

II  John  Josselyn.  An  account  of  two  voyages  to  New  England, 
&c.,  1675.  If  one  wants  to  have  a  natural  (or  unnatural)  history 
revel  he  should  read  the  description  of  the  unicorns  and  other  fauna 
of  early  New  York  in  Arnoldus  Montanus,  1671,  reprinted  in  Doct. 
Hist-  of  N.  Y.,  Vol.  IV. 

*Col.  Docts..  Vol.  V,  p.  782. 

§In  1654  John  Cooper  sued  Jonas  Wood  for  £4  of  beaver  skin. 
T.  R-,  Vol.  I,'  p.  53.  In  1657  John  Gosmer  receipts  to  John  Cooper 
for  100  pounds  of  beaver.    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  244. 


IS  HISTORY   Oh    THE    TO  US   of   SOLTHAMFTON 

Recordb  quaintly  call  tliem.:j:  In  the  sea  were  sharks 
which  would  "leape  at  a  man's  hand  if  it  be  overboard 
and  with  his  teeth  snap  off  a  man's  legge  or  hand  if  he  be 
a  swimming-,"*  while  on  the  land  foxes,  wolves  and  wild 
cats  were  so  troublesome  as  to  form  subjects  of  constant 
legislation. t  and  in  all  the  eastern  towns  bounties  were 
paid  for  the  killing  of  these  pests.  Of  the  wolves  of  New 
England,  Wood  wrote  that  "they  care  no  more  for  an 
ordinary  Mastiffe.  than  an  ordinary  Mastiffe  cares  for  a 
Currc  ;  many  good  Dogges  have  been  spoylcd  with  them. 

One  of  them  makes  no  more  1)ones  to  run  away 

with  a  Pigge,  than  a  Dogge  to  runne  away  with  a  mar- 
row bone in  a  word  they  are  the  greatest  inconven- 

iency  the  Countrey  hath." 4^  In  1649.  vSouthampton  of- 
fered 20  shillings  a  head  for  wolves  killed  within  the 
Town  limits, II  which  rose  to  30s.  in  1651,  when  the  Town 
employed  an  individual,  Robert  Merwin,  as  a  public  wolf 
hunter. H  In  East  Hampton,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
whole  Town  was  sometimes  required  to  turn  out  for  a 
wolf  hunt  at  the  beat  of  a  drum,  absent  citizens  being 

t"For  Wilde  Beasts  there  is  Deer,  Bear,  Wolves,  Foxes,  Raccoons, 
Otters,  Musquashes  and  Skunks."     Denton-     Brief.  Descrip.,  p.  5. 

One  raccoon  has  come  down  in  history  for  its  tragic  death. 
Wolley  took  it  to  England  with  him  "where  one  Sunday  in  Prayer 
time  some  Boys  giving  it  Nutts  it  was  choaked  with  a  shell."  Wol- 
ley.   Journal,  p.  42. 

♦Wood's  New  Eng.  Prospect,  p.  37.  In  Mar.,  1853,  a  live  sea 
tiger,  5  feet  long,  weight  145  lbs.,  was  captured  at  Sands  Pt  On- 
derdonk  Scrap  Book.     Signed  article  by  A   R.  Sands. 

tAs  late  as  1791  a  bounty  of  4s.  was  offered  for  every  fox.  T.  R., 
Vol.  Ill,  p.  333.  In  East  Hampton  the  Town  Accounts  show  2  wild 
^^ts  paid  for  in  1699,  4  in  1701,  2  in  1703,  3  in  1725,  3  in  1726,  5  in 

V"^\n.'^r^^'  ^  *"  ^'^•'^'^'  2  in  1734,  1  in  1735,  4  in  1737,  3  in  1739, 
1  in  1748.  1  in  1751!    E.  H.  .T.  R.,  passim. 

§Wood.     New  Eng.  Prospect,  pp.  26,  27. 

il  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  31     Also  Vol.  V,  pp.  50  and  91. 

T'ln  consideration  of  his  care  and  paines  about  the  killing  of 
wolves  by  setting  of  guns  or  watching  or  otherwise,  he  shall  have  30s 
per  wolfe  for  every  one  it  appears  he  killeth,  provided  that  if  any 
boast  Lcattlej  be  killed  in  probability  by  the  wolves,  and  he  the  said 
Robert  have  notice  thereof  that  he  repaire  unto  the  place  where  the 
sd.  beast  is  slaine,  whether  at  Meacocks  or  Sagaponack  or  elsewhere 
.  .  .  also  if  It  happens  at  any  time  hee  sd.  Robert  bee  warned  to 
any  cort  or  meeting  during  the  time  he  is  upon  the  forsaid  design, 
Uiat  hee  shall  bee  discharged  and  acquitted  from  such  meeting,"  &c. 
T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  81.     Vide  E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.   I,  pp.  46  and  255. 


THE   NEW  YORK 
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TILDEN    FOUNDATION!^, 


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HISTORY  OF   THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  19 

fined. t  In  spite  of  all  efforts  to  exterminate  them,  how- 
ever, they  continued  to  menace  the  comfort  and  safety 
of  the  settlers  and  in  1676  the  matter  was  taken  up  at 
the  Court  of  Assizes  in  New  York.t  Bears  also  make 
their  early  appearance  in  the  Town  Records,  in  which 
their  being"  hunted  by  the  Indians  is  mentioned*  and  they 
also  lived  in  a  wild  state  on  the  Island  at  least  as  late 
as  1759,  when  "a  large  one  passed  the  house  of  Mr. 
Sabring,  Brooklyn,  and  took  the  water  at  Red  Hook."T| 

The  so-called  "dogs"  of  the  Indians  were  nothing  but 
young  wolves  trained  up  and  were  also  a  constant  source 
of  danger  and  annoyance  to  the  settlers.  Thus  in  the 
dispute  between  Southampton  and  the  Shinnecock  In- 
dians, which  was  carried  to  New  York  in  1680,  the  set- 
tlers complained  that  the  Indians  "contrary  to  covenant 

&  the  termes  of  amitye doe  exceed  in  great  number 

of  doggs  &  when  they  are  called  upon  to  kill  such  doggs 
they  utterly  refuse  &  doe  norish  »&  bring  up  kennels  of 
ym  yt  are  more  preiuditial  then  al  the  wolves  yt  are 
about"  &c.§  It  was  settled  at  that  time  that  each  Indian 
should  be  allowed  J:o  keep  one  dog  and  be  responsible  for 
damage,  but  in  the  Town  Records  we  read  in  1718  that  it 
was  "Ordered  that  ye  Indians  shall  be  fetched  up  to  Kill 
their  Dogs  ferwith  by  a  warrant  from  ye  Justis."||  Five 
hundred  years  earlier,  in  the  wisdom  of  the  East,  the 

fE.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  53. 

J"Whereas  it  is  represented  to  this  Court,  that  since  Alteracon  of 
ye  Manner  of  paymt  for  killing  of  Wolves  hath  been  great  neglect 
hath  hapened  therein.  It  is  therefore  ordered  that  the  whole  paymt 
for  the  Killing  of  a  Wolve  or  Wolves  shall  hereafter  be  borne  by 
the  Publick,  &  the  Constables  of  the  Respective  Townes  are  to 
allow  the  same  out  of  the  Country  Rates  as  heretofore."  N.  Y.  Col. 
Mss.,  25:  209.     (Oct.  7,  1676.) 

*T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p   158. 

HHe  was  killed.     N.  Y.  Gazette,  Nov.  26,  1759. 

§Col   Docts.    Vol.  XIV,  pp.  756,  et  seq. 

II  T.  R.,  Vol.  V.  p.  84.  In  reference  to  Indian  dogs  Mather  (Mag- 
nalia.  Vol.  I,  p.  560)  m.akes  a  curious  statement,  "it  is  particularly 
affirmed  that  the  Indians,  in  their  wars  with  us,  finding  a  sore  in- 
convenience by  our  dogs,  which  would  make  sad  yelling  if  in  the  night 
they  scented  the  approaches  of  them,  they  sacrificed  a  dog  to  the 
devil;  after  which  no  English  dog  would  bark  at  an  Indian  for  divers 
months  ensueing." 


20  HISTORY    Ul    Till:    TO  US    OF    SOL  TIL-IMI'TUX 

Persian  poet  Saadi  liad   siins^  of  the  ])0\ver  of  heredity 
over  environment, 


At  lcn<;th  the  wolf's  whelp  j^rows  a  wolf, 

Even  though  brought  up  in  the  company  of  man. 


CHAPTER  II. 


THE  INDIANS. 


At  the  time  of  the  settlement  of  Long  Island  by  the 
whites,  there  were  thirteen  principal  Indian  tribes  living 
on  the  island,  viz:  the  Montauks,  Manhassets,  Shinne- 
cocks,  Corchaugs,  Unkechaugs,  Setaiiketts,  Secktaugs, 
Nissaquogues,  Merricokes,  Marsapeagues,  Matinecocks, 
Rockaways,  and  Canarsies.*  These  all  belonged  to  the 
great  Algonquin  family,  the  most  widely  extended  of  all 
the  aboriginal  stocks, f  and  differed  so  little  among  them- 
selves as  almost  to  be  considered  bands  rather  than 
tribes.  Each,  however,  had  its  sachem,  those  of  the  four 
eastern  tribes  being  brothers,  and  a  sort  of  general  over- 
lordship  of  the  other  tribes  on  the  island  being  vested  in 
Wyandance,  Sachem  of  the  Montauks,!  though  Pen- 
hawitz.  Sachem  of  the  Canarsies,  attained  considerable 
power  and  headed  the  tribes  engaged  in  war  with  the 
Dutch  in  1643.  Wyandance,  however,  though  the  most 
noted  of  the  grand  sachems,  did  not  hold  that  office  at 
the  first  coming  of  the  whites,  succeeding  to  it  on  the 

♦Vide  Wood,  Sketch  of  First  Settlement;  Prime,  History;  Thomp- 
son, History;  Beauchamp,  Aborignal  Occupation  of  New  York; 
Skinner,  Indians  of  Greater  New  York;  Ruttenber,  Indian  Tribes  of 
Hudson  River;  &c.  There  seem  to  have  been  here  and  there  small 
groups  known  by  other  names,  such  as  the  Accobacks  on  Peconic 
River,  but  their  relations  are  very  obscure.  The  Accobacks  were 
conquered  by  the  Shinnecocks. 

tVide,  map,  p.  90,  Farrand,  Basis  of  Am.  Hist. 

tFor  confirmation  of  Indian  deed  for  Hempstead  by  Sachem  of 
Montauks,  1657,  see  Col.  Docts  ,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  416. 


22  HISTORY   OF   THE    TO  UN   OF   SOLTHAMFTON 

death  of  his  brother  Poggatacut.  of  the  Manhansetts  in 
1652.* 

Speaking  generally,  the  Montauks  lived  east  of  the 
Southampton-East  Hampton  boundary  line,  the  Shinne- 
cocks,t  under  their  sachem,  Nowedonah,  on  the  land 
westward  from  the  Montauks  to  W'est  Hampton,  and 
the  Manhansctts,  under  Poggatacut,  and,  later, 
Youghco.  on  Shelter,  Hog,  and  Ram  Islands. 

The  tribes,  at  least  on  the  East  End,  had  been  for 
some  time  under  tribute  to  the  Pequots,  when  the 
Pequot  War  broke  out  in  i637.§  At  that  time,  there 
were  no  white  settlements,  even  of  individuals,  on  the 
eastern  part  of  the  island,  but  Wyandance  added  his 
forces  to  the  English,  joining  Capt.  Stoughton  three 
days  after  the  battle  of  iMystic  and  being  present  at  the 
great  swamp  fight. t  Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  war, 
the  Long  Island  tribute  formerly  paid  to  the  Pequots 
was  received  by  the  English,  on  the  score  of  protection 
afforded.:;:  The  subsequent  relations  between  the 
whites  and  Indians,  after  settlement  by  the  former,  will 
be  considered  in  later  chapters^ 

*"The  death  of  Sachem  Poggatacut,  in  1651  [sic]  was  an  impor- 
tant event  with  the  Indians.  His  remains  were  transported  for 
burial  from  Shelter  Id.  to  Montaukett.  In  removing  the  body,  the 
bearers  rested  the  bier  by  the  side  of  the  road  leading  from  Sag 
Harbor  to  East  Hampton,  near  the  3rd  [4th]  milestone  where  a 
small  excavation  was  made  to  designate  the  spot  .  .  .  about 
12  inches  in  depth  and  18  in  diameter,  in  the  form  of  a  mortar. 
.  From  that  time  to  the  present,  more  than  190  years  [and 
until  the  new  road  passed  over  it  in  1846]  neither  leaf  nor  stone  nor 
anything  has  been  suffered  to  remain  in  it."  Gardiner,  Chronicles; 
Prime,  History;  Ayres,  Legends  of  Montauk.  This  locality  is  known 
as  Buckskill,  from  Buc-usk-Kill,  the  resting  place-  Josselyn  Cuffee, 
Lords  of  the  Soil.  Sunset  Rock  on  Hogneck  was  called  by  the 
Indians,  Poggatacut's  Throne.  It  was  "shivered  by  lightning  in  1892, 
and  the  Indian  tradition  was  that  when  it  should  be  hurled  from  its 
foundation,  a  part  of  their  inheritance  should  be  restored  to  them. 
Ibid.,  n.  10. 

fOne  writer,  in  1701,  states  that  the  Shinnecocks  were  the  great- 
est tribe  on  Long  Island.  Wolley,  Journal,  p-  54. 

§They  had  also  been  subject  to  attacks  by  the  Mohawks  and  Skin- 
ner states,  Indians  of  Greater  New  York,  p.  83,  that  "the  surviving 
Shinnecocks,  a  few  years  ago,  still  held  memories  of  Mohawk  raids 
and  massacres." 

1  Gardiner,  Chronicles,  p.  7. 

JGardiner,  &c.  Also  Col.  Docts  ,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  627;  Plymouth  Col- 
ony Reeds.    Vol.  IX,  p.  18;  Tooker,  Ind  Place  Names,  p.  32,  et  seq. 


TliE   NEW  YORK 
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ILDEN    l-OUNDATIONS 


Indian  Earthenware  Jar  found  at  Sag  Harbor 

(  N'dw    111    lirooklvii    Institute   Museum)     • 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOM'N   OF  SOUTHAMI'TON  23 

As  to  the  numbers  of  the  Indians  settled  on  Ivong 
Island,  no  estimate  can  be  more  than  guess  work.  Rut- 
tenber  states  that  tradition  names  500  as  the  force  of 
hghting  men  that  could  be  put  in  the  field  Ijy  the  Man- 
hassetts,||  which  1  think  can  be  heavily  discounted,  as 
can  all  references  to  their  being  numerous  as  the  leaves 
of  the  forest,  blades  of  grass,  and  other  such  poetical 
census  taking.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  In 
dians  were  mainly  hunters  and  not  agriculturists,  and 
plenty  as  game  and  fish  may  have  been,  the  land  might 
be,  as  Trumbull  quaintly  says  of  Connecticut,  "replete 
with  Indians"*  and  yet  the  population  be  very  limited. 
Keyond  the  inferences  to  be  derived  from  the  part  they 
played  in  continental  Indian  relations  and  the  fact  that 
for  nearly  forty  years  after  the  white  settlements  were 
founded,  the  Indians  still  remained  objects  of  suspicion 
and  fear  to  the  then  fairly  numerous  whites,  we  can  af- 
firm nothing.   § 

Their  language  was  a  dialect  or  branch  of  the  Algon- 
quin and  closely  related  to  that  spoken  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Sound. f  Gardiner  in  1798,  stated  it  to  be  the 
same  as  the  Nianticks'  of  Lyme  and  the  Moheags  of  Nor- 
wich, and  that  it  was  "low  and  soft  when  compared  to 
that  of  the  five  nations.":?:  He  also  says  that  at  that 
time  there  were  only  four  or  five  who  could  still  speak 
ii,  and  Harrington  states  (1903)  that  it  was  probably 
fifty  or  sixty  years  ago  that  the  Shinnecock  language 
died  out,  although   spoken   by  Wickham   Cuffee's  par- 

II  Ind-  Tribes,  p.  74.  Tooker  points  out  that  the  great  abundance 
of  fish  may  have  permitted  a  denser  population  than  would  other- 
wise have  been  possible     (Ind.  Fishing  Stations,  p.  18.) 

*Hist.  of  Conn.,  Vol.  I,  p.  5- 

§  Farrand  says  of  the  Indian  population  of  the  U.  S.,  "The  num- 
ber of  aborigines  has  been  absurdly  overestimated.  Clearly,  when 
the  whites  first  appeared  the  population  was  very  small  in  propor- 
tion to  the  enormous  territory  which  it  occupied"  Basis  of  Am. 
Hist,  p.  99. 

fThe  Indian  languages  were  of  the  "agglutinative"  type  and  so 
gave  rise  to  words  of  extraordinary  length.  The  longest  I  have 
found,  and  which  signifies  simply  "our  question,"  is  given  by 
Mather  (Magnalia,  Vol.  I,  p.  561)  and  is  written  Kummogkodonat- 
toottummooltiteaongannunnonash. 

^Gardiner,  Observations,  &c-,  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  1869,  p.  257. 


24  HISTORY   OF   THE    TUHN   OF    SOLTHAMPTON 

ents  in  their  childhood. ||  The  only  fragments  of  the 
hmguage  remaining  today  are  the  two  vocabularies 
made  by  Gardiner  from  the  lips  of  Montauks  in  1798 
and  by  Harrington  among  the  Shinnecocks  in  1903.* 

Of  their  personal  appearance,  when  first  encountered 
by  Europeans,  we  have  only  general  descriptions,  there 
lacing  no  authentic  early  portrait  in  existence.  The  pen 
drawing  of  an  Atlantic  Coast  Indian,  reproduced  in  this 
volume,  was  engraved  on  an  old  powder  horn  dated 
1799,  from  the  Moravian  settlement  of  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
it  being  the  property  of  Mr.  Stewart  Culin  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Institute  Museum.  It  is  considered  as  very  faithful. 
The  two  photographs,  of  Sylvester  and  Stephen 
Pharoah,  Montauks,  were  taken  in  Sag  Harbor  in  1867, 
when  the  former  was  63  and  the  latter  44  years  old,  the 
contemporary  inscription  stating  that  they  were  both 
full  blooded. t  Farrand  classes  the  Algonquins  as  phy- 
sically among  the  l)est  of  the  aborigines,  tall  and 
strong,!  and  this  is  borne  out  by  all  observers  from  the 
earliest  to  the  latest  times.  A  writer  describes  them  in 
1649  as  "generally  well  limbed,  slender  around  the 
waist,  broad-shouldered;  all  having  black  hair  and 
brown  eyes,  they  are  very  nimble  and  swift  of  pace,  well 
adapted  to  travel  on  foot  and  to  carry  heavy  burdens. 
Generally  the  men  have  little  or  no  beard,  some  even 
pluck  it  out."§    Wooley,  writing  in   1701   said  of  them 

II  Harrington,  Shinnecock  Notes,  p.  39.  Stiles  wrote  in  1761,  that 
there  were  then  about  20  or  30  families  at  Montauk,  about  40  men. 
Ext.  from  the  Itineraries,  pp.  156  and  157. 

*The  Gardiner  list  has  been  reprinted  in  Wood,  Macauley,  Bayles 
and  Lambert.  The  Harrington  list  is  in  his  notes  (Journ.  Am. 
Folklore.) 

tSylvester  was  at  that  time  "King"  of  the  Montauks,  and  Ste- 
phen "heir  apparent."  Stephen  was  sometimes  called  Stephen  Talk- 
house  and  is  said  to  have  walked  from  Brooklyn  to  Montauk  in  a 
day  (1878).  At  that  time,  the  Montauks  used  frequently  to  walk 
over  to  Sag  Harbor,  and  I  am  told  that  they  would  never  follow  the 
road,  but  cut  straight  through  the  wocds.  travelling  at  a  good  pace. 

IFarrand,  Basis,  p.  150. 

?? Remonstrance  of  New  Netherland-  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  I,  p.  281. 
Apparently  in  most  cases  the  men  removed  all  the  hair  from  their 
heads  except  the  long  scalp  lock,  or  some  other  arrangement  left, 
and  in  the  case  of  the  Shinnecocks  we  know  that  they  used  to 
singe  the  hair  off  by  rubbing  it  with  red  hot  stones,  before  the  in- 
troduction of  metal  tools  by  the  whites.  Skinner,  Ind.  of  Greater 
N.  Y.,  p.  21,  Note  3.     Also  Catlin,  No.  Am    Indians,  Vol.  II,  p.  23- 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TO/rN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  25 

that  "they  are  stately  and  well  proportioned  in  Sym- 
metry through  the  whole  Oeconomy  of  their  bodies,  so 
that  I  cannot  say  I  observed  any  natural  deformity  in 
any  of  them,"  and  further  characterizes  them  as  "of  a 
clayish  colour,  the  Hair  of  their  Heads  generally  black, 
lank  and  long,  hanging  down."t  Those  in  Southampton 
who  remembered  the  Shinnecocks  who  lost  their  lives 
in  1877  in  the  wreck  of  the  Circassian,  constituting  prac- 
tically all  the  remaining  full  bloods  of  the  tribe,  speak  of 
them  as  "noble  looking,  strong  and  tall." 

Of  their  clothing  and  adornment,  one  of  the  early 
writers  already  quoted,  wrote  that  that  "of  men  as  of 
v.'omen  consists  of  a  piece  of  duffels  or  of  deerskin  leather 

or  elk  hide  around  the  body Some  have  a  bear 

skin  of  which  they  make  doublets ;  others  again  coats  of 
the  skin  of  raccoons,  wild  cats,  wolves,  dogs,  fishes, 
squirrels,  beavers  and  the  like ;  and  they  even  have  made 

themselves  some  of  turkey's  feathers they  make 

their  stockings  and  shoes  of  deerskins  or  elk  hides,  some 
even  have  shoes  of  corn-husks  whereof  they  also  make 

sacks Their    ornaments    consist    of    scoring    their 

bodies  or  painting  them  of  various  colors,  sometimes 
entirely  black,  if  they  are  in  mourning;  but  mostly  the 
face.  They  twine  both  white  and  black  wampum 
around  their  heads;  formerly  they  were  not  wont  to 
cover  these,  but  now  they  are  beginning  to  wear  bon- 
nets or  caps they  wear    wampum    in    the    ears, 

around  the  neck  and  around  the  waist,  and  thus  in  their 
way  are  mighty  fine.  They  have  also  long  deers-hair, 
v/hich  is  dyed  red,  whereof  they  make  ringlets  to  en- 
circle the  head;  and  other  fine  hair,  of  the  same  color, 
which  hangs  around  the  neck  in  braids,  whereof  they 
are  very  vain.  They  frequently  smear  their  skin  and 
hair  with  all  sorts  of  grease."* 

Except  in  cold  weather  or  when  journeying,  their 
costume  seems  to  have  frequently  been  far  less  ample 
than  is  suggested  above,  consisting  merely  of  a  flap  of 
cloth  in  front  for  the  men  and  of  nothing  at  all  for  the 

fC.  W.  Wooley  [more  correctly  Wolley],  Journal,  pp   27-28. 
*Remonstrance,  supra.     Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  I,  p.  282- 


26  fUSTORY   Of   THE    TOHS    OF   SOUrHAMFTON 

young  boys  or  children.*  Of  the  smearing  of  their  bod- 
ies, and  the  reason  for  it,  W'ooley  writes  that  "they  pre- 
serve their  skins  smooth  by  anointing  them  with  the 
( )yl  of  Fishes,  the  fat  of  I^aglcs,  and  the  grease  of  Rac- 
koons.  which  they  hold  in  the  Summer  the  best  Antidote 
to  Keep  their  skins  from  blistering  by  the  scorching- 
Sun,  the  best  Armour  against  the  Musketto's;  the  surest 
expeller  of  the  hairy  Excrement  and  stopper  of  the 
Pores  of  tlieir  P)0(Hes  against  the  Winter's  cold. "J 

Their  food  consisted  mostly  of  wild  edible  nuts  and 
roots,  fish  and  game,  while  their  main  cultivated  crop 
was  Indian  corn.  They  seem  to  have  been  very  fond  of 
ground  nuts  and  from  the  name  of  one  variety,  called 
by  them  Sagabon,  derived  the  name  Sagaponack,  "the 
place  where  the  big  ground  nuts  grow,"  and  so  also,  in- 
directly, that  of  Sag  Harbor.  In  cultivating  their  crops 
of  corn  they  are  said  by  some  observers  to  have  exer- 
cised a  considerable  amount  of  care,  using  clam-shell 
hoes,  manuring  the  hills  with  fish,  and  keeping  the 
ground  free  from  weeds.  From  this  corn,  unparched. 
they  made  a  kind  of  meal  porridge  called  in  Narragansett 
nasaump  from  which  the  whites  derived  the  name 
samp  for  the  dish  which  they  made  of  beaten  and  boiled 
corn,  and  which  proved,  as  Williams  said,  "exceeding- 
wholesome  for  the  English  bodies. "f 

They  caught  and  used  the  shell  fish  of  various  kinds, 
and  in  addition  were  expert  fishermen  with  hook  and 
line,  the  hooks  being  made  of  carved  bone  and  the  lines 

*"Their  ordinary  habit  is  a  pair  of  Indian  Breeches,  like  Adam's 
Apron  to  cover  that  which  modesty  commands  to  be  hid,  which  is 
a  piece  of  cloth  about  a  yard  and  a  half  long,  put  between  their 
groins,  tied  with  a  Snake's  Skin  about  their  middle,  and  hanging 
down  with  a  flap  before."     Wooley.  Journal,  p.  28 

"Although  the  winters  are  very  severe,  they  go  naked  until  their 
thirteenth  year;  the  lower  parts  only  of  the  girls'  bodies  are  covered. 
The  men  wear  between  the  legs  a  lap  of  duffels  cloth,  or  leather,  half 
an  ell  broad  and  nine  quarters  long;  so  that  a  square  piece  hangs 
over  the  buttocks  and  in  front  over  the  belly.  The  women  wear  a 
petticoat  down  midway  the  leg,  very  richly  ornamented  with 
seawant."     Arnoldus  Montanus,  Doc.  Hist.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  12.5. 

*Wooley,  Journal,  p.  28. 

IWilliams,  Key,  p.  41. 


c 


01  c 

05CQ 


TllF.  MEW  YORK 
PUBL'C  LIBRARY 

A3TOR,   LENOX 
■HLDEN    FCUNDATIOt 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  27 

of  hemp.*  They  also  used  seines  and  set-nets  as  well  as 
long  arrows  tied  with  a  line,  while  they  practised  crab- 
bing in  the  modern  fashion  of  simply  a  piece  of  meat  and 
a  string.  Their  especial  dainty  consisted  of  the  tails  and 
fins  of  whales  and  their  retention  of  these  delicacies,  as 
will  be  noted  later,  formed  part  of  many  contracts  and 
even  deeds  in  their  business,  relations  with  the  whites. 
It  is  rather  odd  that  though  fish  thus  formed  a  large  part 
of  their  diet,  they  had  not  learned  how  to  preserve 
it  by  salting.  They  also  hunted  and  ate,  however,  all 
sorts  of  game,  in  which,  if  we  may  believe  Denton,  their 
taste  must  have  been  somewhat  liberal  as  it  included  not 
only  venison  but  "Polecats,  Skunks,  Racoon,  Possum, 
Turtlesf  and  the  like.'"§ 

The  use  of  tobacco  seems  to  have  been  general,  and 
one  interesting  feature  in  connection  with  it  is  that  it 
was  the  only  crop  which  was  not  left  to  the  care  of  the 
women,  the  men,  according  to  Williams,  laboring  at  it 
themselves. J  Its  ceremonial  use,  however,  was  not  ori- 
ginally known  among  the  eastern  Indians  and  the  "pipe 
of  peace"  was  a  southern  and  western  institution  ap- 
parently unknown,  or  at  least  not  practised,  in  the  east 
until  an  Indian  conference  in  Albany  in  1723.il 

There  was  much  intercourse  with  the  mainland  both 
of  a  peaceful  and  warlike  nature,  the  means  of  trans- 
port consisting  of  canoes  which  were  apparently  all  of 
the  dug-out  type,  two  forms  of  which  are  shown  in  the 
picture  of  New  Amsterdam  in  this  volume.    They  were 

**'The  Indians  make  thread  of  Nettles  pill'd  when  full  ripe,  pure 
white  and  fine,  and  likewise  another  sort  of  brownish  thread  of  a 
small  weed  almost  like  Willow,  which  grows  in  the  Wood,  about 
three  foot  high,  which  is  called  Indian  hemp,  of  which  they  likewise 
make  ropes  and  bring  them  to  sell,  which  v/ears  as  strong  as  our 
Hemp,  only  it  won't  endure  wet  so  well  "     Wooley,  Journal,  p.  52. 
t  "And  Tortoise  sought  for  by  the  Indian  Squaw. 
Which  to  the  flats  daunce  many  a  winters  Jigge 
To  dive  for  Codes,  and  to  digge  for  Clams 
Whereby  her  lazie  husbands  guts  she  cramms." 

Woods,  New  Eng.,  Prospect,  p.  36. 
§  Denton,  Brief  Description,  p.  7.     It  was  stated  of  the  Narragan- 
setts  in  1602  that  they  ate  snakes  4  feet  long.    Brereton's  Briefe 
and  true  Relation  [Sailors'  Narratives],  p.  50- 
tWilliams,  Key.  p.  43. 
11  Beauchamp,  Civil,  Relig.  and  Mourning  Councils   pp.  432  et  seq. 


28  UISTORY   OF   THE    TOHN   OF   SOUTH  AM  FTON 

made  by  alternately  charring  and  scraping  out  the  heart 
of  a  log,  and  evidently  were  sometimes  of  great  size, 
although  Gov.  Winthrop's  definite  statement  that  the 
Indians  of  eastern  Long  Island  had  "many  canoes  so 
great  as  one  will  carry  eighty  men"  seems  exaggerated* 
in  view  of  the  other  references  collected  below.  § 

'Phey  were  proi)elled  by  means  of  long  paddles,  the 
savages  "standing  upright  and  steady,  which  is  their 
usual  posture  for  despatch."  ||  The  dug-outs  do  not 
seem  to  have  had  any  keels  and  must  have  been  rather 
uncertain  craft,  but  the  Indians  were  good  swimmers, 
though  in  their  own  way.  Wood  writing  that  "their 
swimming  is  not  after  our  English  fashion  of  spread 
amies  and  legges  which  they  hold  too  tiresome,  but 
like  dogges  their  amies  before  them  cutting  through 
the  liquids  with  their  right  shoulder;  in  this  manner  they 
swim  very  swift  and  farre,  either  in  rough  or  smooth 
waters,  sometimes  for  their  ease  lying  as  still  as  a  log.f" 

Their  habitations  were  usually  near  the  water,  but 
evidences  of  their  dwelling  places  are  found  everywhere 

*Winthrop,  Hist,  of  New  Eng.,  Vol.  I,  p.  134. 

§"0f  these  [dug:  out  canoesl  they  make  greater  and  lesser.  Some 
I  have  seen  will  carry  twenty  persons,  being  forty  or  fifty  feet  in 
length,  and  as  broad  as  the  tree  will  bear"  Gookin.  Hist.  Coll., 
1674.     Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  1792,  p.  152. 

"Some  of  them  are  very  large,  I  have  sometimes  sailed  with  ten, 
twelve  and  fourteen  persons  in  one  of  these  hollow  Trees.  We  have 
in  one  colony  a  wooden  Canoe  taken  from  the  Indians,  which  will 
easily  carry  two  hundred  Schepel  [Schepel — 3  pecks]  of  Wheat." 
Megapolensis,  Short  Acct.  of  the  Maquas,  Hazard  Hist.  Coll.,  Vol.  I, 
p.  523. 

"Some  of  which  are  very  large,  and  I  have  frequently  seen  eigh- 
teen or  twenty  seated  in  a  hollow  log,  going  along  the  river  [Hud- 
son] and  I  have  myself  had  a  wooden  canoe  in  which  I  could  carry 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  bushels  of  maize."  de  Vries'  Journal, 
N   Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  1857,  p.  95. 

"A  canoe  without  mast  or  sail,  and  without  a  nail  in  any  part  of 
it  though  it  is  sometimes  full  forty  feet  in  length."  Bankers  and 
Sluyter,  Journal,  p.  125. 

"The  Pequods  .  .  .  came  down  the  River  of  Connecticut  .  .  . 
in  three  or  more  Canoes,  with  about  one  hundred  men."  Mather, 
Rel.  of  the  Troubles  in  New  Eng.,  ed.  1864,  p   119. 

"Some  of  them  will  not  well  carry  above  three  or  foure;  but  some 
of  them,  twenty,  thirty,  forty  men."     Williams,  Key,  p.  132. 

llWooley.  Journal,  p.  46 

tWood,  New  Ene:.  Prospect,  p.  98. 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOPi'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  29 

throughout  the  Town,  near  springs,  brooks,  ponds,  and 
on  sunny  hill  slopes  as  well  as  along  the  many  creeks 
and  coves  of  the  shore  line.  Beside  many  individual 
lodge  sites,  a  number  of  villages  of  considerable  size 
existed  and  have  been  located.  The  Manhansetts 
probably  had  four  on  Shelter  Island,  while  the  Mon- 
tauks  had  an  extensive  settlement  of  "half  a  hundred" 
wigwams  on  the  west  side  of  Three  Mile  Harbor.  There 
was  a  large  village  of  Shinnecocks,  with  many  graves, 
at  the  foot  of  Sleight's  Hill  within  the  present  limits  of 
Sag  Harbor,  another  on  the  slope  of  the  hill  near  the 
spring  at  the  foot  of  Long  Beach  near  the  Noyac  Road, 
and  tradition  relates  that  long  after  the  settlement  by 
the  whites,  their  wigwams  stood  at  the  end  of  Round 
Pond.  They  also  had  a  large  cemetery  near  their  fort 
about  half  way  between  Southampton  Village  and  the 
Shinnecock  Hills,  and  there  was  evidently  a  considerable 
settlement  about  Canoe  Place.  Many  individual 
graves,  smaller  cemeteries,  and  lodge  sites  have  been 
located,  as  on  Doxsee  Neck,  on  the  land  of  Mr.  Chas.  T. 
Ludlow,  Bridgehampton,  at  the  head  of  Little  Pond, 
Wainscott,  on  the  land  west  of  Sam's  Creek,  and  else- 
where.* 

While  some  of  the  villages  may  have  been  palisad- 
oed,  as  shown  in  the  picture,  the  individual  wigwams 
were  of  light  construction  and  could  be  built  in  a  few 
hours  wherever  required.  Mr.  Harrington,  in  his  brief 
article  on  the  Shinnecocks,  gives  a  description  of  one  of 
them  as  given  to  him  by  members  of  the  tribe  who  re- 
membered them.  "Poles  were  bent"  into  intersecting 
arches  until  a  dome-shaped  frame  was  made  from  lo  to 
20  feet  in  diameter.  After  all  the  poles  had  been  tied 
firmly  together,  and  horizontal  strips  put  in  place,  the 
whole  was  thatched  with  a  species  of  grass  called  blue 
vent,  put  on  in  overlapping  rows,  and  sewed  fast  to  the 
strips.  When  the  top  was  reached,  a  hole  was  left  open 
for  the  escape  of  smoke,  and  the  edges  of  the  aperture 
plastered  with  clay  to  prevent  the  thatch  from  catching 
fire.     The  ground  plan  was  circular  or  oval,  sometimes 

*W.  W.  Tooker,  Lecture  Bklyn.  Inst.,  Nov   21,  1892;  Beauchamp, 
Aboriginal  Occup.  of  N.  Y.,  passim. 


30  HISTORY   or   THI-:    TOHN   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

divided  into  rooms  by  partitions  of  wattle  work  and 
thatch.  The  door  frame  was  an  arched  pole,  the  door 
of  wood  or  sometimes  merely  a  curtain  of  skins  and 
mats.  An  elevated  bench  or  couch  of  poles  generalh' 
encircled  the  interior,  beneath  which  the  goods  were 
stored.  In  at  least  one  case,  at  a  place  where  poles  were 
difificult  to  procure,  the  floor  was  dug  out  in  the  middle 
so  as  to  leave  a  shelf  around  the  wall  which  answered 
the  purpose  of  bed,  seat  and  table.  The  fireplace  was  in 
the  centre.  Even  today  out-door  store  houses  are  made 
by  digging  a  hole  and  covering  it  with  a  roof  of  poles 
and  thatch."* 

They  had  a  number  of  forts,  two  of  which  were  lo- 
cated on  Montauk,  one  on  Fort  Hill  and  the  other  on 
the  Nominick  Hills,  near  Napeague,  nothing  now  mark- 
ing the  site  of  the  latter  though  mentioned  in  the  deed 
of  1661.  There  was  also  one  on  Shelter  Island,  prob- 
ably near  the  South  Ferry  across  the  creek  from  Sach- 
em's Neck,  and  two  belonging  to  the  Shinnecocks,  the 
one  already  mentioned  and  another  which  is  thought  to 
have  stood  at  "Seponack  old  ground."  These  forts  were 
simply  stockaded  village  sites  much  as  shown  in  the 
picture  perhaps,  though  that  is  of  Indians  nearer  New 
York.  The  one  at  Montauk  formed  a  perfect  square, 
180  feet  each  way,  with  one  entrance  near  the  south- 
east angle.t  The  stockade  was  made  by  ramming  young 
trees,  10  or  12  feet  high,  into  the  ground,  which  was 
then  dug  out  inside  and  piled  against  the  palisade,  leav- 
ing loop  holes  for  defence.  Signal  fires  were  kindled 
when  need  demanded,  and  it  is  said  that  the  four  eastern 
tribes  could  be  brought  together  in  a  few  hours. 

♦Harrington,  Shinnecock  Notes,  Journ.  Am-  Folklore,  op.  cit. 
These  out  door  store  houses  were  called  "Indian  barns"  and  early 
became  a  subject  of  Town  legislation  on  account  of  danger  of  cat- 
tle stepping  into  them.  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  22.  This  also  included  In- 
dian wells  which  were  made  by  driving  hollow  trunks  of  pepperidge 
trees  into  the  ground. 

tVide,  W-  W.  Tooker,  Express,  Mar.  22,  1888.  The  description  in 
Gardiner's  Chronicles,  p.  72,  though  constantly  quoted  is  incorrect. 
There  were  also  136  Indian  graves  inside  and  outside  the  walls.  I 
visited  the  site,  June,  1917,  and  the  low  running  mound  marking 
the  outline  of  the  fort  is  still  about  a  foot  or  so  high  on  the  north- 
ern and  southern  bounds.  Many  of  the  graves  are  still  distinctly 
marked. 


'^^F  r.t,^  \oU 

pSbuc  ubraM 


ILD. 


-rc--"-^ 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TO  UN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  31 

Wherever  they  abode,  the  usual  traces  of  their  pres- 
ence are  the  remains  of  old  fires  and  the  shell  heaps*  in 
which  are  found  nearly  everything  they  used,  not  of  a 
perishable  nature. f 

Many  fragments  of  pottery  have  been  found,  but  as 
yet  no  perfect  vessel;  though  many  years  ago,  while 
terracing  a  garden  in  Sag  Harbor,  an  Indian  grave  con- 
taining a  skeleton  was  unearthed,  and  in  it  Mr.  Tooker 
found  184  pieces  of  pottery,  which  were  fitted  together 
to  form  the  urn  shown  in  the  illustration.  Much  of  the 
Long  Island  pottery  was  ornamented  by  "cords,  incised 
lines,  by  the  impression  of  the  thumb,  by  the  finger 
nail,  and  in  other  ways. "J.  The  Algonc[uin  pottery  was 
very  distinct  from  the  Iroquois,  the  pots  of  the  former 
being  always  more  or  less  pointed  on  the  bottom  and 
having  no  raised  rim  or  constricted  neck,  while  the  latter 
had  a  round  bottom,  the  rim  raised  and  the  neck  much 
constricted.  The  Iroquois'  influence  became  less  and 
less  marked  toward  the  east  end  of  Long  Island,  and 
among  the  thousands  of  fragments  found  by  the  expe- 
dition of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  on 
the  Shinnecock  Hills  not  a  single  piece  of  the  Iroquois 
type  was  present.  § 

Arrow  heads  were  made  of  many  materials,  the  most 
common  one  being  quartz,  which  occurs  in  great  abun- 


*"The  typical  shell  heap  is  not  a  'heap'  at  all,  for  leaf  mold,  the 
wash  from  the  neighboring  high  ground  and  often  cultivation  have 
made  it  level  with  its  surroundings.  Very  often,  unless  the  land  be 
plowed,  no  shells  whatever  show  on  the  surface,  and  the  only  way  of 
finding  out  the  condition  of  things  below  the  sod  is  to  test  with  a 
spade  or  a  crowbar."  Harrington,  Ancient  Shell  Heaps  near  N,  Y 
City,  Am.  Mus.  of  Nat,  Hist.  Anthrop.  Papers,  HI,  p.  169. 

fA  shell  heap  dug  up  at  Hogneck  was  described  by  Tooker  as 
follows:  "Ashes  were  plentiful  and  the  shells  in  some  places  were 
packed  so  dense  that  excavating  was  laborious.  The  sand  below  the 
deposit  showed  the  effect  of  fire  very  plainly.  In  a  space  of  10  ft- 
square,  I  found  5  bone  needles,  many  notched  sinkers,  3  hammer 
stones,  2  sharpening  stones,  some  broken  celts,  a  few  arrow  points, 
quartz  and  jasper  chippings,  nearly  a  peck  of  pottery  fragments, 
a  perforated  piece  of  a  potstone  vessel,  3  pieces  of  graphite  and  va- 
rious other  objects.  Under  all  apeared  a  hearth  of  stone  covered 
with  charcoal."     Bklyn.  Inst.  Lect.,  op.  cit. 

tClay  was  also  the  common  material  used  in  making  their  pipes 
and  so,  although  the  stems  are  common,  the  bowls  are  rarely  found- 

^Harrington,  Ancient  Shell  Heaps,  op.  cit.,  p.  174. 


32  HISTORY   OF  THE    TO  UN   OF    SOUTHAMPTON 

dance  in  the  fcirni  of  pebbles  and  is  easily  worked,  al- 
though on  the  Hills  sonic  ha\c  been  found  made  of 
bone,  the  marrow  canal  being  used  as  a  socket  for  the 
arrow  shaft.*  The  points  were  of  two  types,  triangular 
and  notched,  and  it  is  thought  the  former  variety  was 
that  used  in  war  from  its  being  less  lirmly  fastened  and 
so  more  likely  to  remain  in  the  flesh  if  the  arrow  were 
withdrawn. t  Spear  points  were  occasionally  made  of  the 
same  material  as  well  as  of  jasper,  but  more  usually  of 
steatite,  which  is  friable  and  easily  broken.  They  are 
very  rare  as  compared  with  the  arrow  heads,  although 
sometimes  several  and  once  as  many  as  ten  have  been 
found  in  a  single  deposit.  Among  other  stone  imple- 
ments which  are  occasionally  found  here  are  celts,  or 
chisels,  axes, J  skinning  knives,  grooved  and  ungrooved 
adzes,  notched  net  sinkers,  the  stones  on  which  wam- 
pum shells  were  rubbed  to  round  them,  pestles,  mortars. 
&C.II  The  large  mortars  were  usually  of  wood,  gener- 
ally of  the  pepperidge  tree,  which  is  noted  for  its  tough- 
ness and  freedom  from  splitting,  the  hollows  being 
made,  as  in  the  case  of  canoes,  by  charring  and  scraping. 
The  large  stone  pestles  were  used  in  these  big  wooden 
mortars,  which  are  excessively  rare,  the  smaller  stone 
corn  mills  or  herb  mortars  being  much  more  common 
and"  frequently  of  excellent  workmanship.  Copper  ar- 
ticles are  scarce,  and  when  found,  like  those  made  of 
potstone  or  steatite,  indicate  intercourse  with  the  main- 
land. 

The  most  noted  product  of  the  I-ong  Island  Indians 
was,  of  course,  the  wampum   for  which  the  East  End 

♦Harrington,  Shell  Heaps,  op.  cit.,  p.  172. 

fSkinner,  Archaeology  of  the  N-  Y.  Coastal  Algonkin,  Am.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  Anthrop.  Papers,  HI,  p.  213. 

f'Their  axes  and  knives  they  made  of  white  Flint-stones;  and 
with  a  Flint  they  will  cut  down  any  tree  as  soon  as  a  carpenter,  with 
a  Hatchet,  which  experiment  was  tried  of  late  years  by  a  Mr.  Crabb, 
of  Alford  in  Lincolnshire,  for  a  considerable  wager,  who  cut  down 
a  large  Tree  with  a  Flint,  handled  the  Indian  way,  with  an  unex- 
pected art  and  quickness."     Wooley,  Journal,  p.  52 

II  There  is  nothing  distinctively  characteristic  or  of  any  special 
interest  in  any  such  finds  on  Long  Lsland.  There  are  wagon  loads 
of  such  material  in  almost  every  museum.  The  interest  is  local  and 
romantic  rather  than  scientific. 


THE  NEV/  ^'OF.K 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ASTOR,    LENOX 
TILDEN    FOUNDATIONS 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  33 

was  famous,  and  which  probably  suppHed  the  motive  of 
the  Pequots  in  conquering  and  subjecting  to  tribute 
these  expert  workmen  who  dwelt  where  the  shells  used 
in  its  manufacture  were  unusually  abundant.*  This 
wampum,  as  every  school  boy  knows,  was  the  money  of 
the  Indians,  and,  as  a  convenient  medium  of  exchange, 
both  with  the  Indians  and  among  themselves,  was 
adopted  by  the  colonists  almost  everywhere.  The  sheik 
were  of  two  kinds,  white  and  black,  (rather,  a  dark  blue 
or  purple),  the  former  being  usually  made  from  the  peri- 
winkle shell  of  the  species  F.  Canaliculata  and  F.  Carica, 
and  the  latter  from  the  shell  of  the  round  clam,  Venus 
Mercenaria.  While  the  exchange  value  of  wampum  in 
English  money  varied  somewhat  according  to  both 
time  and  place,  the  black  seems  to  have  always  been 
worth  double  the  white.  Speaking  generally,  three  of 
the  black  passed  for  a  penny,  as  did  six  of  the  white. 
Each  bead,  which  was  about  the  size  of  a  straw  and  1-4 
to  1-3  of  an  inch  long,  was  bored  lengthwise,  and  was 
made  by  chipping  the  shell  down  to  about  the  proper 
size  and  then  rubbing  it  on  the  stones  mentioned  above 
to  round  and  smooth  it.  So  well  was  this  done  that 
counterfeiting  was  practically  impossible,  though  at- 
tempted by  some  of  the  whites.  They  were  used  as  or- 
naments as  well  as  money,  just  as  gold  is  today,  and  the 
coats  of  the  Chief  were  sometimes  adorned  with  them, 
while  belts  made  of  them  came  to  have  a  ceremonial 
value.  II 

Of  their  social  customs,  we  learn  from  Occumf  in 
regard  to  marriage  that  there  were  four  methods  in 
vogue.  According  to  the  first,  upon  the  birth  of  the 
children  or  soon  after,  the  parents  would  plan  the  match, 

♦"Gardiner's  Bay  and  the  east  end  of  Long  Island  were  the  origi- 
nal seat  of  the  •wampum  trade  in  New  York,  less  ancient  than  has 
been  supposed,  and  thence  it  reached  the  New  England  coast  in  re- 
cent times."  Beauchamp,  Wampum  and  Shell  Articles  used  by  the 
N.  Y.  Indians,  p-  332. 

II  In  addition  to  Beauchamp,  cit.  supra,  vide  Weeden,  Indian  Money 
as  a  Factor  in  New  Eng.  Civilization. 

fRev.  Samson  Occum,  An  Acct.  of  the  Montauk  Indians  on  Long 
Island,  A-  D.,  1761,  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  Vol.  X,  pp.  105-111  (1809). 
Gardiner  in  his  Chronicles  generally  follows  Occum. 


34  HISTORY   OF   THE    TO  US   OF    SOUTHAMPTON 

the  father  of  the  boy  visiting  the  parents  of  the  girl, 
with  a  skin  or  two,  a  blanket  or  other  presents  and  tell- 
ing his  errand.  If  the  girl's  parents  did  not  agree  they 
would  return  the  gifts,  and  the  man  would  go  elsewhere, 
but  if  they  accepted,  a  great  feast  would  be  made  ready. 
Both  sets  of  parents  would  prepare  many  presents,  in- 
vite guests,  and  at  the  appointed  time  the  girl's  parents 
would  take  her  up,  march  to  the  boy's  house  and  there 
deliver  her.  Both  children  would  then  be  nursed  alter- 
nately by  both  mothers,  or,  if  weaned,  would  always  eat 
out  of  the  same  dish.  The  ceremonies  were  not  binding 
upon  the  children,  however,  and  when  they  grew  up 
they  could  marry  or  not  as  they  chose.  According  to 
a  second  method,  more  or  less  the  same  performance 
would  be  gone  through  with  by  the  parents  after  the 
children  were  grown,  or,  again,  the  children  could  choose 
for  themselves  and  tell  their  parents,  when  a  feast  would 
be  made  for  them.  Finally,  under  some  circumstances, 
a  woman  could  bake  a  few  cakes  in  ashes,  put  them  in  a 
basket,  and  take  them  to  a  man,  the  marriage  being  ct)n- 
summated  without  further  ceremonies. 

The  naming  of  a  child  was  also  the  occasion  of  fes- 
tivities, including  a  feast,  dancing,  and  the  giving  of 
many  gifts,  each  guest  receiving  one  pronouncing  the 
child's  name.  This  was  not  necessarily  its  permanent 
one,  however,  and  it  was  common  for  a  child  to  be 
named,  and  differently,  several  times.  Names  among 
them,  as  among  Indians  generally,  were  of  great  im- 
portance, and  that  of  the  dead  was  never  mentioned.* 

Another  great  occasion  for  festivity  was  what  the 
Dutch  called  a  "Kintecoy"  and  the  English  a  "Cantica'" 
and  of  which  a  description  is  found  in  Denton.  These,  1 
think,  were  usually  held  in  the  spring,!  sometimes  tribes 
uniting  in  holding  them,  and  they  served  occasionally  as 

*0n  the  subject  of  Indian  personal  names  in  general  cf.  Farrand, 
Basis,  pp.  202  et  seq. 

f'The  Shinnecocks  and  Montauks  still  hold  June  meeting,"  ap- 
parently a  memory  of  some  ancient  ceremony.  Skinner,  Indians  of 
Greater  N.  Y.,  p.  55. 


THE  TiEV'   ■■•■wri(     : 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY  \ 


ASTOR,   LENOX 
TILDEN    FOUi^DATIONSj 


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HISTORY  OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  35 

matters  of  grave  alarm  to  the  whites. t  "At  their  Can- 
ticas  or  dancing  matches,"  writes  Denton,  "where  all 
persons  that  come  are  freely  entertained,  it  being  a  Fes- 
tival time.  Their  custom  is  when  they  dance,  everyone 
but  the  Dancers  to  have  a  short  stick  in  their  hand,  and 
to  knock  the  ground  and  sing  altogether,  whilst  they 
that  dance  sometimes  act  warlike  postures,  and  then 
they  come  in  painted  for  war  with  their  faces  black  and 
red,  or  some  all  black,  some  all  red,  with  some  streaks 
of  white  under  their  eyes,  and  so  jump  and  leap  up  and 
down  without  any  order,  uttering  many  expressions  of 
their  intended  valour.  For  other  Dances  they  only 
shew  what  Antick  tricks  their  ignorance  will  lead  them 
to,  wringing  of  their  bodies  and  faces  after  a  strange 
manner,  sometimes  jumping  into  the  fire,  sometimes 
catching  up  a  Fire-brand,  and  biting  ofif  a  live  coal,  with 
many  such  tricks  that  will  alTright,  if  not  please  an  Eng- 
lishman to  look  upon  them,  resembling  rather  a  com- 
pany of  infernal  Furies  than  men."t 

The  ceremonies  connected  with  death  and  burial 
were  elaborate.  Upon  death,  the  body  was  given  over 
to  the  care  of  the  women  and  powwas,  and  after  being 
washed  was  adorned  with  all  the  gala  finery  of  the  de- 
ceased, as  well  as  more  given  for  the  occasion,  while 
the  face  of  the  dead  was  painted.  The  corpse  was  then 
borne  to  its  grave  by  young  men,  preceded  and  followed 
by  women  making  loud  outcries  of  lamentation.  The 
body  was  placed  in  a  sitting  posture  about  two  feet  be- 
low ground,  and  the  personal  attire  and  war  equipment 
of  the  dead  buried  with  it,  while  for  the  support  of  the 
spirit  on  its  way  to  its  final  abode,  a  bowl  of  samp  was 
placed  upon  the  grave.*  The  wigwam  in  which  the 
death  occurred  was  then  destroyed  and  a  new  one  built 
for  the  family.     Mourning  lasted  a  year  and  consisted  of 

tVide  Warrant  issued  Dec,  13,  1675,  "Whereas  I  am  Informed 
That  the  several  Indyans  at  Rockway,  Unchachauge,  and  Parts  ad- 
jacent, are  in  a  few  dayes  to  have  a  great  Kintecoy  at  Sequetalke; 
which  being  unusual  at  this  time  a  yeare,"  &c.  Col.  Docts.,  Vol. 
XIV,  p.  709. 

t  Denton,  Brief  Description,  p.  11. 

*These  items,  of  course,  are  all  common  to  animistic  belief-  Vide 
Tyler,  Primitive  Culture,  passim. 


30  HISTORY   OF   mi-    Tons   OF    SOUTHAMPTON 

the  women  of  the  family  painting  their  faces  black,  lay- 
ing aside  all  ornaments  and  joining  in  no  festivities,  but 
at  the  close  of  the  period  a  great  dance  was  given  last- 
ing from  sunset  to  sunrise. 

Although  there  was  little  or  n(jthing  to  distinguish 
the  Long  Island  Indians  from  the  rest  of  the  Coastal 
Algonquins,  I  have  yet  attempted  to  collect  all  data  from 
local  sources,  but  in  reference  to  Sachems  and  their  pow- 
ers 1  have  found  no  other  early  description  so  good  as 
Gov.  Winslow's,  which  I  therefore  give  in  his  own 
words.  "Their  sachems,"  writes  the  Governor,  "Cannot 
all  be  called  Kings,  but  only  some  few  of  them  to  whom 
the    rest   resort    for   protection    and   pay   homage   unto 

them Every    sachem    takcth    care    of    the    widow 

and  fatherless ;  also  such  as  are  aged  or  in  any  way 
maimed,  if  their  friends  be  dead  or  not  al)le  to  provide 
for  them.  A  sachem  will  not  take  any  to  wife  but  such 
jm  one  as  is  equal  to  him  in  birth;  otherwise  they  say 
their  seed  would  in  time  become  ignol)le ;  and  although 
they  have  many  other  wives  yet  are  they  no  other  than 
concubines  or  servants This  government  is  suc- 
cessive and  not  by  choice;  if  the  father  die  before  the 
son  or  daughter  be  of  age,  then  the  child  is  committed 
to  the  protection  and  tuition  of  some  one  amongst  them, 
who  ruleth  in  his  stead  till  he  be  of  age,  but  when  that 
is,  I  know  not.  Every  sachem  knoweth  how  far  the 
bounds  and  limits  of  his  own  country  extendeth ;  and 
that  is  his  own  proper  inheritance;  out  of  that,  if  any  of 
his  men  desire  land  to  set  their  corn,  he  giveth  them  as 
much  as  they  can  use,  and  sets  them  in  their  bounds.  In 
this  circuit,  whoever  hunteth,  if  any  kill  venison,  they 
bring  him  his  fee,  which  is  four  parts  of  the  same,  if  it 
be  killed  on  land,  but  if  in  the  water,  then  the  skin  there- 
of  All   travelers   or  strangers   for   the   most   part 

lodge  at  the  sachem's.* 

This  question  of  the  power  and  authority  of  the 
sachems  was  a  most  important  one  for  the  settlers,  es- 
pecially   in    connection    with    sales    and    boundaries    of 

*Winslow,  Narrative  of  the  Plantations,  in  New  England's  Me- 
morial, ed.  1855,  p.  489. 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  37 

land,  and  receives  interesting  illustration  in  the  Town 
Records.  For  example,  in  reference  to  the  boundary  dis- 
pute between  Southampton  and  Southold  we  read  as 
follows:  "And  the  said  Indians  (after  long  debate) 
joyntly  answered  that  ye  young  eagles  that  were  taken 
in  the  nests,  and  the  deere  that  were  drowned  or  killed 
in  the  water,  It  was  ye  Indians  customs  to  carry  ye  said 
eagles  &  the  skins  of  the  Deere  to  those  Sachems  or  In- 
dians that  were  ye  true  owners  of  ye  land,  thereupon 
Thomas  Stanton  [the  interpreter]  presently  replyed 
saying,  indeed  the  eagles  &  the  deere  were  something, 
but  if  there  were  a  beare  killed  or  drowned,  that  would 
put  the  matter  out  of  controversie.  And  the  deponent 
heard  Southampton  Indians  affirme  that  there  was  a 
beare  drowned  or  killed  in  ye  same  tract  of  land  now  in 
controversie  between  ye  said  Townes,  then  Thomas 
Stanton  asked  to  whom  the  skin  was  carried,  and  South- 
ampton Indians  answered  to  Shinnecock  Indians.  And 
Southold  Indians  allsoe  acknowledged  that  ye  said  beare 
skin  was  carryed  to  Shenecock  Indians  by  ye  Southold 
Jndians  whoe  tooke  ye  beare."  Tracing  the  title  still 
higher  the  investigation  continues,  "I  saw  Mandush 
(whoe  was  a  man  reputed  &  acknowledged  generally  by 
all  Indians  in  these  parts  to  be  the  great  Sachem's  sonne 
of  Shinecock)  cutt  up  a  turf  of  ground  in  Southampton, 
and  delivering  it  to  Wyandanch  gave  up  all  his  right 
and  interest  unto  him.     And  hee  the  said  Mandush  with 

many  other  of  the  chiefes  of  Shinecock  Indians did 

manifest  their  consent by  their  ordinary  sign  of 

stroking  Wyandanch  on  the  back."  Mandush  also  told 
Wyandanch  that  "now  hee  would  be  all  one  dogge"* 

*T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  157  et  seq-  This  delivery  of  title  to  land  by 
"turf  and  twig"  was  frequently  used  by  the  settlers  throughout  the 
colonies  and  dates  from  at  least  Saxon  times.  (Vide,  T.  R.,  Vol.  Ill, 
p  115,  V,  p.  293  and  elswhere).  Also  Southold,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  158; 
Essex  Quarterly  Courts,  passim;  Brodhead,  Vol.  II.  p.  166;  Village 
Communities  of  Cape  Ann;  and  Palgrave's  Anglo-Saxon,  p  126  as 
follows:  "In  early  times  .  .  .  when  land  was  sold,  the  owner  cut 
a  turf  from  the  green  sward  and  cast  it  in  the  lap  of  the  purchaser, 
as  a  token  that  the  possession  of  the  earth  was  transferred;  or  he 
tore  off  the  branch  of  a  tree  and  put  it  in  the  hand  of  the  grantee, 
to  show  that  the  latter  was  to  be  entitled  to  all  the  products  of  the 
soil.     And  when  the  purchaser  of  a  house  received  seizin  or  pos- 


38  HISTORY   OF  THE   TOWN  OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

The  question  of  Indian  land  titles  is  most  obscure  as 
well  as  interesting  and  will  be  briefly  discussed  in  the 
next  chapter  in  connection  with  the  settlers'  purchase. 

Another  difficult  (juestion  in  connection  with  the  In- 
dians, as  with  all  races  of  a  low  order,  was  that  of  their  re- 
ligion. The  most  .striking  feature  of  that  of  the  North 
American  aborigines,  everywhere  manifested  was  its 
marked  dualism,  which  is  also  exhibited  in  that  of  our  local 
tribes  in  the  account  given  by  Gardiner  in  his  Chronicles. 

"They  had  gods  in  great  numbers;  many  of  lesser 
influence  having  particular  charges,  and  two  of  exalted 
degree,  the  good  and  evil  Deity,  having  a  general  super- 
intendance  and  control,  as  well  over  all  other  gods  as 
over  men.  There  was  a  god  of  the  four  corners  of  the 
earth,  and  the  four  seasons  of  the  year;  another  of  the 
productions  of  the  earth;  another  of  the  elements;  one 
of  the  day  and  night;  and  a  god  of  the  hearth,  the  family 
and  domestic  relations.  The  great,  good  and  supreme 
Deity  they  called  Caulkluntoowut,  wdiich  signifies  one 
possessed  of  supreme  power.  The  great  evil  spirit  was 
named  Mutcheshesumetooh,  which  signifies  evil  power. 
They  worshipped  and  offered  sacrifices  to  these  gods  at 
all  times.  They  had  small  idols  or  images  which  they 
believed  knew  the  will  of  the  gods,  and  a  regular  Priest- 
hood by  whom  these  idols  were  consulted.  The  Priests 
were  called  Powawas  or  Powwas,  and  declared  to  the 
people  what  the  gods  required  of  them  ;  when  dances 
and  feasts  should  be  made ;  when  presents  should  be 
given  to  the  old  people  ;  when  sacrifices  should  be  offered 
to  the  gods  and  of  what  kind.  The  Powwas  pretended 
to  hold  intercourse  with  the  gods,  in  dreams,  and  with 
the  evil  spirits  in  particular,  who  appeared  to  them  un- 
der different  forms  and  by  voices  in  the  air.  These  were 
the  medicine  men.  They  administered  to  the  sick;  re- 
lieved those  affected  with  evil  spirits  and  poison,  and  by 

session,  the  key  of  the  door,  or  a  bundle  of  thatch  plucked  from  the 

roof  signified  that  the  dwelling  had  been  yielded  up  to  him."  In  the 
T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  299  (1692)  occurs  an  example  of  the  sale  of  a  house 
and  lot  by  delivery  of  "a  clod  of  the  said  land,  and  the  ring  or  key  of 
the  door" 


THE  MEW  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


ASTOR,   LEMOX 
:  ILDLN    FGJI.D.-.TIONft 


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HISTORY'  OF  THE    TO  UN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  39 

incantation  and  charms,  protected  the  people  from  all 
harm.  Subject  to  the  Powwas'  influence  neither  could 
fire  burn  them,  nor  water  drown  them,  nor  could  they 
receive  any  injury  whatever. 

"The  most  savory  sacrifice  made  to  the  great  Deity 
was  the  tail  or  fin  of  the  whale,  which  they  roasted.  The 
leviathan  from  which  it  was  taken  was  at  times  found 
cast  upon  the  sea-shore,  and  then  a  great  and  prolonged 
powow,  or  religious  festival  was  held.  At  these  festi- 
vals great  efforts  were  supposed  to  be  necessary  to  keep 
the  Evil  One  without  the  circle  of  their  incantations.  His 
presence  it  was  believed,  would  defeat  the  object  of  the 
Powwas  in  the  procurement  of  the  favor  and  particular 
regard  to  the  good  deity.  Violent  gesticulations,  loud 
yells  and  laborious  movements  of  the  limbs  and  body, 
with  distortion  of  the  features,  were  continued  until  the 
excitement  produced  approached  to  madness.  When 
the  Evil  Spirit  was  supposed  to  be  subjugated,  the  dance 
and  the  feast  commenced.  It  is  among  the  Indian  tra- 
ditions that  the  existence  of  the  Evil  Spirit  was  evi- 
denced by  his  having,  when  driven  from  the  feast,  left 
the  imprint  of  his  foot  upon  a  granite  rock  on  Montauk, 
and  made  three  holes  in  the  ground  at  regular  distances, 
where  he  alighted  in  three  several  leaps  from  the  stone 
on  which  he  had  stood,  and  then  disappeared.* 

"They  believed  in  a  future  state  of  existence ;  that 
their  souls  would  go  westward  a  great  distance,  and 
many  moons  journey  to  a  place  where  the  spirits  of  all 
would  reside  and  where,  in  the  presence  of  their  great 
Sawwonnuntoh  beyond  the  setting  sun,  the  brave  and 
the  good  would  exercise  themselves  in  pleasureable  sing- 

*The  stone  with  the  impression  of  a  foot  is  now  in  the  museum  of 
the  L.  I.  Hist.  Society,  Brooklyn.  Mr,  S.  0.  Hedges  gives  me  an- 
other legend  in  regard  to  it  as  follows:  "On  a  rock  in  the  Hither 
Woods  on  the  western  end  of  Montauk,  a  maiden  of  the  Montauk 
tribe  of  Indians  and  a  brave  of  the  Narragansetts  were  about  to 
be  joined  in  wedlock,  but  a  jealous  lover  of  the  maiden  cut  short 
the  ceremony  by  an  arrow  shot  into  the  body  of  the  bridegroom 
who  gave  three  jumps,  then  falling  on  his  hands  and  knees  expired- 
Up  to  1859  when  occurred  the  sale  of  the  lands  of  Montauk,  the  im- 
pression of  his  feet  and  hands  made  in  the  soil  were  kept  clean  of 
leaves  and  brush  by  members  of  the  tribe."  There  are  also  other 
versions. 


40  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOUS    OT    SOLTHAMFTOW 

ing,  in  feasting,  hunting  and  dancing  forever.  The 
coward,  the  traitor,  the  har  and  the  thief  was  also  there, 
but  the  enjoyments  of  the  favored  Sawwonnuntoh  only 
added  to  the  pain  of  the  punishments  visited  upon  the 
misdeeds  of  the  wicked.  Servile  labor,  so  painful  to  and 
so  much  despised  by  the  Indian,  was  the  allotment  of 
the  sinful.  The  making  of  a  canoe  with  a  round  stone 
and  the  carrying  water  in  a  wicker  basket,  were  among 
the  perplexing  exercises  of  those  who  had  sacrificed  the 
happiness  of  their  future  existence  to  the  will  of  Alut- 
cheshesmetooh,  or  the  Evil  Power,    t 

The  relations  of  the  Indians  and  whites  will  be  taken 
up  in  the  following  chapters,  and  it  remains  here  only  to 
mention  the  ends  of  the  tribes.  There  are  now  no  pure 
bloods  left  among  any  of  them  on  the  eastern  end  oi  the 
island,  and  only  one,  the  Shinnecocks,  possess  a  reserva- 
tion. In  the  Southampton  supplementary  Indian  deed 
of  170.3  there  was  reserved  to  the  Indians  certain  privi- 
leges of  hunting,  &c.,  by  a  lease  to  them  of  the  Shinne- 
cock  tract,  including  the  Hills,  for  tooo  years,  l^y  an 
Act  of  Legislature, March  15,  1859,  the  Indians  were 
authorized  to,  and  did,  give  tlieir  lease  in  exchange  for 
the  ownership  in  fee  of  Shinnecock  Neck,  which  is  the 
present  Reservation.  They  are  not  subject  to  taxation, 
do  not  possess  the  franchise,  own  their  lands  in  common 
and  elect  three  trustees  annually.  In  the  early  part  of 
the  last  century  many  of  the  negro  slaves  then  being 
freed  were  offered  homes  with  the  Indians  and  settled 
among  them,  there  being  now  a  large  admixture  of 
negro  blood  both  in  the  survivors  of  the  tribe  and  in  the 
remnants  of  the  Montauks  settled  at  East  Hampton.* 

Of  the  Shinnecock  Tribe,  two  members  have  at- 
tained to  some  celebrity.  The  first  was  Peter  John,  born 
in  Hay  Ground  about  i  712- 15.  who  was  converted  in  the 

t  Gardiner,  Chronicles,  pp.  4-5, 

*For  personal  descriptions  of  the  purer  blooded  see  Harrington, 
cit  supra;  G.  R.  Howell,  in  Indian  Advocate,  March  1892;  J.  J.  Young, 
in  Lippincott's  Magazine,  Nov.,  1878;  all  quoted  in  my  Memorials. 
The  Montauks  have  been  legally  declared  extinct  as  a  tribe.  See 
Defendants'  Brief  in  Wyandank  Pharaoh  vs.  Jane  Ann  Benson  and 
others,  N.  Y.  Supreme  Court,  Suffolk  County. 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  41 

great  revival  of  1741-4  and  became  a  minister  of  the  Gos- 
pel, gathering  churches  at  Wading  River,  Poosepatuck, 
Islip  and  Canoe  Place,  at  the  second  of  which  he  was 
buried,  dying  at  the  age  of  about  88.  He  owned  property 
and  lived  at  St.  George's  Manor  and  though  unlearned 
seems  to  have  been  both  zealous  and  pious.  His  grand- 
son, Paul  Cuffee,  was  born  at  Brookhaven,  March  4, 
1757,  and  also  became  a  minister,  laboring  mainly  among 
the  Indians  of  Montauk  and  Canoe  Place.  He  died 
March  7,  1812,  and  is  buried  about  one  mile  west  of  the 
latter  place  on  the  north  side  of  the  main  road,  where 
the  Indian  church  stood,  his  grave  being  marked  by  a 
stone  erected  by  the  New  York  Missionary  Society.*  Of 
all  the  Long  Island  Indians,  however,  the  one  whose 
career  was  greatest  in  usefulness  was  Cockenoe,  taken 
captive  as  a  younp"  man  in  the  Pecjuot  war,  subsecpiently 
becoming  John  Eliot's  instructor  in  the  Indian  language 
and  interpreter  between  the  whites  and  Indians  in  many 
places. t 

Their  language  has  already  been  briefly  referred  to, 
and  I  will  merely  add  here  some  of  the  attempted  trans- 
lations of  a  few  of  the  place  names  within  or  near  the 
Township.  It  may  as  well  frankly  be  confessed,  it  seems 
to  me,  that  they  are  to  a  considerable  extent  only  guess- 
work, as  is  evidenced  by  the  conflict  of  authorities,  Rut- 
*)  tenber's  versions  being,  perhaps,  those  most  generally 
•  accepted  by  scholars.  The  difficulty  is  not  alone  due  to 
the  inherent  one  of  the  Indian  Tongue,  but  also  to  the 
uncertainty  of  the  true  orthography  and  pronunciation 
of  the  place  names  themselves,  one,  for  example,  ap- 
pearing in  no  less  than  forty-nine  different  forms.:!: 

*Vide,  Prime,  History,  pp.  115-118. 

tTooker,  Cookenoe-de-Long  Island. 

JThe  translations  are  taken  from  Ruttenber,  Indian  Geog.  Names 
[R] ;  Tooker,  Place  Names  [T] ;  Beauchamp,  Aboriginal  Place 
Names  [B];  and  Trumbull   [Trumbull]. 

Agawam:  low  flat  meadows  [T] ;  place  abounding  in  fish  [B]. 

Mecox:  abbreviation  of  the  name  of  one  of  the  signers  of  the  In- 
dian deed  of  1640,  Secom-mecock,  with  possesive  [T].  Also  trans- 
lated, a  plain. 

Montauk:  fortified  place  [T] ;  place  of  observation  [Trumbull]; 
island  country  or  spruce  swamp  [R]. 


42  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOH'S   OF   SOrTHA.\n'TON 

Napeague:    water-land,  [T.,  R.,  and  B.]. 

Noyac:  a  point  or  corner  of  land  [T.  and  B.]. 

Paumanack:  eastern  Long  Island:  land  of  tribute  [T.,  his  earlier 
translation  was  "land  where  there  is  travelling  by  water"].  An 
offering,  not  tribute  [R.]. 

Peconic:  small  plantation  [T.] ;  a  battle  field  [Pelletreau] ;  water 
at  a  point  of  land  [Prof.  E.  M.  Horsford] ;  at  the  barrier  [R.]. 

Ponquoque:  the  pond  at  the  place  where  the  bay  bends  [Prof.  J. 
G.  Shea];  cleared  land  [T.] ;  shallow  water  [B.]. 

Poxabogue:  a  pond  that  opens  out  or  widens  [T.] ;  the 
bathing  place  [Pelletreau]. 

Quogue:  a  shaking  marsh  [Trumbull];  a  cove  or  estuary  where  it 
quakes  or  trembles  [T.] ;  a  long  fish  [B.];  round  clam  [O'Callag- 
han]. 

Sagaponack:  place  where  the  big  ground  nuts  grow. 

Seponack:  ground  nut  place  [T.]. 

Shinnecock:  at  the  level  land  or  country  [T]. 

Towd:  a  low  place  between  the  hills  [Trumbull];  from  "to  ford," 
to  "wade  over,"  [T.] ;  from  "it  is  deserted"  [B.]. 

Weeckatuck:  end  of  the  woods,  or  end  of  the  creek  [T.]. 

Wickapogue:  end  of  the  pond  [T.,  B.  and  Trumbull]- 

Wigwagonock:  (the  part  of  Sag  Harbor  east  of  Division  Street) 
place  at  the  end  of  the  hill[T.]. 


Atlantic  Coast  Indian,  engraved  on  Powder  Horn,  1799 
(Properly   of   Mr.    Stewart   Culiii) 


P-       .     LIBRARY 


CHAPTER  III. 

THE  COMING  OF  THE  ENGLISH. 

The  peopling  of  New  England  during  the  first  decade 
following  the  settlement  of  Plymouth  in  1620  proceeded 
at  a  comparatively  slow  rate,  but  beginning  with  1630 
and  the  founding  of  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
the  movement  became  very  rapid,  two  thousand  colon- 
ists arriving  in  that  year  alone,  while  in  1633  ten  or  a 
dozen  ship  loads  came  each  month.*  The  meeting  of 
the  Long  Parliament  in  England  in  1640  with  its  prom- 
ises of  reform  and  of  better  prospects  for  the  Puritans 
in  their  home  land,  suddenly  checked,  and  indeed  to  a 
slight  extent  reversed,  the  tide  of  migration,!  but  by 
that  time  over  21,000  persons  were  living  in  New  Eng- 
land and  the  settlements  not  only  dotted  the  shores  of 
the  Massachusetts  waters  but  had  already  begun  to  be 
planted  inland  and  westward.  In  1633,  Gov.  Winthrop 
had  sent  the  little  bark.  Blessing  of  the  Bay,  on  a  voyage 
of  exploration  through  the  Sound  as  far  as  New  Amster- 

*Channing,  History,  Vol.  I,  p.  334.  In  1638,  14  ships  bound  for 
New  England  lay  in  the  Thames  at  one  time  and  3,000  immigrants 
reached  Boston  that  year-     Cheyney,  European  Background,  p,  228. 

f'The  Parliament  of  England  setting  upon  a  general  reformation 
both  of  Church  and  State,  the  Earl  of  Strafford  being  beheaded,  and 
the  archbishop  (our  great  enemy)  and  many  other  of  the  great  offi- 
cers and  judges,  bishops  and  others,  imprisoned  and  called  to  ac- 
count, this  caused  all  men  to  stay  in  England  in  expectation  of  a 
new  world,  so  as  few  coming  to  us,  all  foreign  commodities  grew 
scarce,  and  our  own  of  no  price."    Winthrop,  History,  Vol.  II,  p.  37. 


44  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOHN   OF    SOUTHAMPTON 

dam,*  and  the  fort  at  Saybrook  had  been  cstabhshed  as 
A  a  frontier  post  two  years  later,  with  Lion  Gardiner 
among  its  defenders,  while  the  year  1636  saw  the  found-  / 
ing  of  Providence,  Springfield.  Windsor,  Hartford  and 
Wetherslield.  New  Haven  was  settled  in  1638,  and  the 
following  year,  Gardiner,  who  had  undoubtedly  used 
some  of  his  spare  time  at  Saybrook  to  cruise  through 
Long  Island  waters,  secured  possession,  and  went  to 
live  on,  the  island  which  ever  since  has  borne  his  name 
and  still  remains  the  property  of  his  descendants. 

The  planting  of  new  towns  as  offshoots  from  those 
earlier  settled  was  a  very  distinctive  feature  of  New 
England,  the  little  town  of  Lynn,  for  example,  founding 
as  many  as  six  other  villages  in  the  first  ten  years  from 
the  date  of  its  own  planting  in  1629.  While  these  sec- 
ondary swarmings  may  have  occasionally  been  due  to 
grievances  of  a  religious,  political  or  social  character  on 
the  part  of  individuals  or  small  groups,  undoubtedly  the 
moving  cause  as  a  rule  was  the  question  of  land,  both  as 
to  quantity  and  quality.  It  does  not  occur  to  one,  in  this 
day,  when  the  "Board  of  Trade"  of  every  little  village  is 
striving  to  increase  the  iy)pulation  and  attract  new  citi- 
zens, that  there  was  a  time  when  the  anxieties  of  the  in- 
habitants were  directed  in  just  the  opposite  direction. 
But  such  was  the  case,  and  nothing  shows  the  econo- 
mic alteration  in  the  world  more  strikingly  than  this 
very  change,  exemplified  in  the  case  of  Springfield. 
AFass.,  which  at  its  settlement  was  to  be  limited  to,  be- 
cause only  capable  of  comfortably  supporting,  fifty  fam- 
ilies. 

With  the  exception  of  the  fisheries  and  of  the  fur 
trade,  which  latter  seems  never  to  have  attained  the  pro- 
])ortions  in  New  Kngland  which  it  did  both  in  New  York 
and   Canada,   the   New    England   colonies   were   almost 


♦"October  2  [1633].  The  bark  Blessing,  which  was  sent  to  the 
southward,  returned.  She  had  been  at  an  island  over  against  Con- 
necticut, called  Long  Island,  because  it  is  near  fifty  leagues  long, 
the  east  part  about  ten  leagues  from  the  main,  but  the  west  end  not 
a  mile.  There  they  had  store  of  the  best  wampum  peak,  both  white 
and  blue  The  Indians  there  are  a  very  treacherous  people.  They 
have  many  canoes  so  great  as  one  will  carry  eighty  men."  Win- 
throp.  History,  Vol.  I,  p.  133. 


/ 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOWN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON  45 

wholly  agricultural  in  their  economic  life,  and  the  quan- 
tity, fertility  and  convenient  location  of  the  farming, 
grazing  and  wood  lands  of  a  town  were  of  fundamental 
importance  to  every  inhabitant.  For  various  reasons, 
practically  all  New  England  was  settled,  not  by  individ- 
ual proprietors  living  on  large  estates,  but  by  groups  of 
persons  forming  towns  and  building  compact  villages, 
reproducing  in  each  case  the  community  land  system 
which  will  be  discussed  later. 

Each  settlement  in  the  earliest  days  was  to  a  marked 
degree  self  sustaining,  but  that  very  fact  would  cause  an 
mconveniently  large  increase  in  its  population  to  become 
a  seriously  disturbing  economic  factor,  and,  though  vari- 
ous reasons  have  been  assigned  for  the  departure  from 
Lynn  in  1640  of  the  little  band  who  came  here  and  set- 
tled the  Town  of  Southampton,  1  do  not  think  that  we 
need  look  beyond  the  economic  conditions  of  the  time. 
The  land  within  the  bounds  of  Lynn  was  limited,  and  so 
far  from  expansion  being  possible,  other  villages  were 
approaching  its  boundaries.*  In  that  year  there  had 
been  an  unusually  large  influx  of  new  comers,  although 
such  movement  was  almost  immediately  to  cease.  The 
country  was  entering  upon  a  period  of  depression  as 
noted  above  by  Winthrop,  and,  with  high  prices  for  the 
necessary  imported  articles,  with  low  ones  for  all  home 
productions,  with  crowded  conditions  as  to  available 
land,  we  need  search  for  no  other  reason  than  that  given 
by  him  for  the  departure  of  this  last  little  band  of  pion- 
eers, looking  not  merely  to  the  present  but  to  the  future 
for  themselves  and  their  children.  We  have  already 
seen  in  the  first  chapter  what  an  unusually  good  location 
for  settlement  was  offered  by  Long  Island,  and  we  have 
also  seen  how,  from  the  time  of  the  voyage  of  the 
Blessing,  that  island  had  become  more  and  more  known 
to  the  Colonists,  so  that  the  simple  statement  of  Win- 
throp that  "divers  of  the  inhabitants  of  Linne,  finding 
themselves  straitened  looked  out  for  a  new  plantation; 
and  so  going  to  Long  Island,  they  agreed  with  the  Lord 
Starling's  agent  there,  one  Mr.  Forrett"  would  seem  to 


*Channing,  Town  and  County  Govt.,  p.  33. 


46  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOlfN   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

me  to  be  all  the  explanation  necessary  for  the  foundation 
of  our  town.  J, 

The  new  Town  was  thus  peopled,  not  by  emigrants 
from  the  mother  country,  but  by  a  group  from  a  colony 
already  planted,  and  thus,  in  a  sense,  was  founded  by 
men  who  had  passed  through  a  double  process  of  selec- 
tion. While  many  types  were  represented  here  as  else- 
where, the  first  period  of  Southampton  history  shows  an 
unusually  large  proportion  of  men  of  intelligence,  ability 
jind  energy.* 

The  original  founders,  or  "undertakers"  as  they  were 
called,  were  eight  in  number, —  Edward  Howell,  Edmund 
Farrington,  Josias  Stanborough,  George  Welbe,  Job 
Sayre,  Edmund  Needham,  Henry  Walton,  and  Daniel 
How,  to  whom  were  joined  as  additional  signers  of  the 
original  agreement,  John  Cooper,  Allen  Bread,  W  illiam 
Harker,  Thomas  Halsey,  Thomas  Newell,  John  Far- 
rington, Richard  Odell,  Philip  Kyrtland,  Thomas  Far- 

JThe  quotation  continues,  "for  a  parcel  of  the  isle  near  the  west 
end,  and  agreed  with  the  Indians  for  their  right-  The  Dutch,  hear- 
ing of  this,  and  making  claim  to  that  part  of  the  island  by  a  former 
purchase  of  the  Indians,  sent  men  to  take  possession  of  the  place, 
and  set  up  the  arms  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  upon  a  tree.  The 
Linne  men  sent  ten  or  twelve  men  with  nrovisions,  etc.,  who  began 
to  build,  and  took  down  the  prmce's  arms,  and,  in  place  thereof, 
an  Indian  had  drawn  an  unhandsome  face.  The  Dutch  took  this  in  high 
displeasure,  and  sent  soldiers  and  fetched  away  their  men,  and  im- 
prisoned them  a  few  days,  and  then  took  an  oath  of  them  [blank] 
and  so  discharged  them.  Upon  this  the  Linne  men  (finding  them- 
selves too  weak,  and  having  no  encouragement  to  expect  aid  from 
the  English)  deserted  that  place,  and  took  another  at  the  east  end 
of  the  same  island;  and,  being  now  about  forty  families,  they  pro- 
ceeded in  their  plantation,  and  called  one  Mr.  Pierson,  a  godly 
learned  man,  and  a  member  of  the  church  of  Boston,  to  go  with 
them,  who  with  some  seven  or  eight  more  of  the  company  gathered 
into  a  church  body  at  Linne  (before  they  went)  and  the  whole  body 
entered  into  a  civil  combination  (with  the  advice  of  some  of  our 
magistrates)  to  become  a  corporation."  Winthrop,  History,  Vol 
II,  pp.  5  et  seq,  under  Journal  date  of  June,  1640. 

Mather,  Magnalia  Christi  Americana,  Vol.  I,  p.  397,  often  quoted 
merely  follows  Winthrop  and  is  less  accurate.  The  account  by 
Johnson,  Wonder  Working  Providence,  1653,  edit.  1910,  p.  195,  is 
inaccurate   in   several    particulars- 

*0f  those  who  came  here,  Thompson  says,  "They  were  generally 
of  a  superior  class  and  of  greater  intelligence  than  some  who  came 
subsequently  to  other  towns,  being  respectable  both  in  character 
and  education."     History,  Vol.  I,  p.  329. 


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HISTORY  OF   THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  47 

rington  and  Thomas  Terry.  All  of  these  did  not  come 
over  immediately,  however,  while  a  few  never  came  at 
all,  and  of  those  who  did  come  some  subsequently  re- 
turned or  moved  elsewhere. f  They  all,  however 
signed  the  document  known  as  "The  Disposall  of  the 
Vessell",  dated  March  lo,  1639  (1640  New  Style),*  by 
which  agreement,  in  brief,  a  company  was  formed  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  a  permanent  settlement;  a 
vessel  arranged  for  and  regular  sailings  provided;  plans 
made  for  a  selected  group  to  search  for  a  site  and  start 
the  settlement;  the  method  of  laying  out  the  land,  terms 
of  ownership  and  taxation  agreed  upon;  and  self  gov- 


fAllen  Bread  returned  to  Lynn,  Newhall's  Lynn,  115,  Essex 
Quarterly  Courts,  I,  82,  103,  153,  292,  314,  424;  II,  43;  Daniel  How 
was  later  one  of  the  founders  of  East  Hampton  and,  as  a  shipowner 
whose  business  was  carrying  freight  and  passengers,  was  interested 
as  business  ventures  in  several  colonies.  Newhall,  124,  135,  178, 
Essex  Courts,  I,  9;  Thos.  Newhall  probably  never  came,  Newhall, 
125,  Essex  Courts,  I,  170  et  nassim;  Wm.  Harker,  Newhall,  Essex 
Courts,  I,  193;  II,  303,  316,  374;  Geo-  Welbe,  Newhall,  175,  277,  Es- 
sex Courts,  I,  38,  and  Edmund  Needham,  Newhall,  188,  Essex 
Courts,  I,  80,  133,  181,  270,  390 — all  probaly  remained  only  a  year; 
Thos.  Terry  moved  to  Southold;  Henry  Walton  returned  to  Lynn. 
(Howell  says  Boston.)  This  is  an  error  I  think.  He  was  in  Lynn, 
Jan.,  1641,  Essex  Courts,  I,  33.  In  Dec,  1642,  he  was  mentioned 
as  of  "Lynn"  and  presented  for  saying  ''he  had  as  Leeve  to  hear  a 
Dogg  Barke  as  to  hear  Mr.  Cobbet  Preach."  Ibid  45;  Josias  Stan- 
borough  did  not  come  untiri643,  Essex  Courts,  I,  56;  Philip  Kyrt- 
land,  Newhall,  154,  Essex  Courts,  I,  10,  14,  89,  156,  169  etc-,  re- 
turned to  Lynn  (Howell  says  Mass.)  before  1645;  Edmund  Farring- 
ton  returned  to  Lynn  by  1643,  Essex  Courts,  I,  61,  151,  154,  171,  372, 
380,  390;  II,  288;  IV,  327;  Newhall,  153,  235,  N.  E.  Hist.  &  Gen. 
Reg.,  July,  1901,  p.  301.  He  gave  his  name,  however,  to  Farrington 
(Old  Town)  Pond  and  Farrington  Neck  (probably  Wickapogue,  T- 
R.,  I,  134).  The  Essex  Court  Records  also  contain  numerous  ref- 
erences to  names  of  families  which  subsequently  appear  here,  such 
as  Raynor,  Mitchell,  Morris,  Russel,  Herrick,  Hedges  and  Diamond. 
Five  volumes  have  now  been  published. 

*Vide  Appendix  I.  In  Old  Style  the  year  began  Mar.  25  instead 
of  Jan.  1,  so  in  English  records  a  year  must  be  added  to  dates  irom 
Jan.  1  to  Mar.  25  down  to  1752  when  England  adopted  the  New 
Style.  In  addition  to  get  the  exact  date,  10  days  must  be  added 
down  to  1700  and  11  days  betwen  1700  and  1800.  Holland,  Spain, 
Portugal,  France,  Italy  and  Catholic  Germany  adopted  the  New 
Style  in  1583,  Scotland  in  1600,  Denmark,  Sweden  and  Protestant 
Germany  in  1700.     Russia  still  uses  Old  Style. 


48  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOM'N   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

ernment  assured,  with  political  and  religious  liberty 
guaranteed. t 

Long  Island  had  evidently  already  been  determined 
upon,  for  only  a  few  weeks  later,  April  17,  1640,  the  Com- 
pany secured  a  deed§  from  James  Farrett  as  Attorney 
for  the  Earl  of  Stirling  (the  Grantee  of  Long  Island;*for 
"eight  miles  square  of  land,"  they  being  allowed  to  make 
their  "choyce  to  sitt  downe  upon  as  best  suiteth  them." 
This  option  they  immediately  proceeded  to  exercise,  and 
for  some  reason  they  first  chose  a  site  upon  the  shore  of 
Schout's  Bay,  where  eight  men,  one  woman  and  a  child 
were  landed  by  Farrett  in  How's  boat,  and  started  im- 
mediately to  build  houses. t 

Although  Long  Island  had  formed  part  of  the  grant 
of  the  Council  to  Lord  Stirling,  it  was  also,  and  appar- 
ently justly,  claimed  by  the  Dutch,  although  they  had 
never  settled  any  of  the  eastern  portion.  At  the  west 
end,  however,  they  did  have  settlements,  and  owing  to 
its  nearer  proximity  to  New  Amsterdam,  they  exercised 
a  much  closer  watch  over  happenings  there  and,  indeed, 
upon  a  tree  at  the  very  place  where  the  English  landed, 
they  had  nailed  the  arms  of  "Their  High  Mightinesses":!: 
to  indicate  ownership.  These,  however,  were  cut  down, 
apparently  either  by  Farrett  or  Howe,  and  a  fool's  face 
carved  in  their  stead.  One  house  had  been  finished  and 
another  begun  when  word  of  this  intrusion  was  taken  to 
the  Dutch  by  the  Indian  Sachem 'Penhawitz,  and,  on  the 

HAppendix  III. 

§A  second  document  known  as  "The  Declaration  of  the  Company" 
signed  "ye  4th  day  of  ye  4th,  16 — "  [mutilated]  was  explanatory  of 
the  first      Appendix  II. 

*The  Grant  to  the  Earl  was  made  Apl.  22,  1635  bv  the  "Council 
for  the  Affairs  in  New  England  in  America."  It  is  given  in  full  in 
Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  pp.  29  et  seq.  Farrett,  often  referred  to  as 
Forrest,  first  came  over  in  1636     Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  VII,  pp.  340  et  seq. 

fThe  names  of  the  men  are  known  to  us  through  the  Dutch  records. 
They  were  Job  Sayre,  aged  28;  Geo.  Welbe,  25;  John  Farrington,  24; 
Philip  Kirtland,  26;  Nathaniel  Kirtland,  22,  and  Wm.  Harker,  24. 
Evidently  the  younger  men  were  sent  ahead.  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II. 
pp-  145-150. 

tSo  the  title  was  always  translated  in  O'Callaghan  and  so  always 
quoted.  This  somewhat  absurd  and  bombastic  expression  might 
perhaps  well  give  place  to  "Lords  and  Gentlemen"  which,  less  hum- 
orous, would  better  preserve  the  dignified  sense  of  the  original. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  49 

13th  of  May,  the  Council  ordered  their  Secretary,  Corne- 
Hs  von  Tienhoven,  with  a  sergeant  and  twenty-three 
soldiers,  to  seize  the  English  and  bring  them  up  to  New 
Amsterdam  to  answer  for  their  conduct.*  This  was 
done  the  following  day,  and  on  examination  at  New  Am- 
sterdam, the  English  stated  that  they  had  come  to  "plant 
and  make  a  plantation,"  that  twenty  families  were  to 
come  and  that  if  the  land  were  good  they  expected  a 
great  many  people. f  Upon  their  admitting  that  they 
had  not  known  that  they  were  encroaching  on  "States" 
land,  and  their  agreeing  in  writing  to  immediately  de- 
part and  not  return,  they  were  released  by  the  Dutch 
authorities  and  allowed  to  depart.^ 

This  was  on  the  19th  of  May,  and  apparently,  after 
perhaps  stopping  at  Sellout's  Bay  for  some  of  their 
property,  they  at  once  went  to  New  Haven,  where,  as 
they  had  just  testified.  How  and  Farrett  were  then  stay- 
ing. In  any  case,  and  wherever  it  may  have  been,  they 
promptly  got  in  touch  with  the  latter,  for  about  three 
weeks  later,  on  June  12,  they  received  the  deed  from  him 
confirming  to  them  "all  those  lands  lying  and  being 
bounded  between  Peaconeck  and  the  easternmost  point 

*The  instructions  were:  "You  shall  endeavor  to  arrive  there  un- 
awares; in  our  opinion  it  will  be  best  at  break  of  day  and  there 
surround  the  English  and  prevent  any  recourse  being  had  to  force  of 
arms;  and  forthwith  inquire  who  removed  the  arms,  and  demand  of 
them  who  authorized  them  so  to  do,  and  oblige  them  to  come  hither 
to  vindicate  themselves.  If  they  refuse  you  shall  employ  force. 
.  .  .  If  it  should  happen  that  the  English  have  been  reinforced  by 
so  many  newcomers  that  you  shall  not  be  strong  enough  for  them, 
you  shall  make  an  emphatic  protest  against  them,  then  sign  it  and 
come  back."    Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  pp  28-30. 

fTestimony  given  in  full  in  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  145-150-  Also 
consult  Ibid,  Vol.  XIV,  pp.  30  et  seq. 

X  To  show  how  history  may  be  falsified,  I  quote  an  account  of  these 
doings  written  only  23  years  later:  "Of  the  incredible  and  injurious 
insolence  of  the  Dutch  towards  the  English  and  their  treachery  to 
t?ie  poor  natives,  will  give  but  one  instance,  that  of  Daniel  How,  who 
in  1638  [1640]  purchased  lands  of  the  natives  of  the  west  end  of 
Long  Island  [he  did  not]  and  settled  the  same,  but  the  Dutch  Gov- 
ernor forcibly  drove  the  planters  away,  imprisoning  some,  where- 
upon the  Saciiem  that  sold  the  lands  [he  did  not  exist]  declared  pub- 
licly he  had  done  so  [he  did  not]  for  which  assertion  the  Dutch 
cruelly  murdered  him,  staking  him  alive  [absolutely  false].  Cal. 
of  State  Papers,  Col.  Ser.  1661-1668,  p.  178.  So  may  the  sources 
of  history  be  muddied  by  nationality. 


50  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHN   OF   SOLTHAMFTON 

of  Long  Island  with  the  whole  breadth  of  the  said  Island 

from   sea  to  sea excepting    those    lands    already 

granted  unto  any  person  by  me."*  Farrett  stated  that 
this  was  in  consideration  of  the  trouble  he  had  brought 
them  into  with  the  Dutch  and  £400  already  paid  him, 
the  deed  being  confirmed  by  the  Earl  two  months  later, 
on  the  20th  of  August. j  The  April  deed  recjuired  them 
to  make  their  own  terms  with  the  Indian  owners,  and 
this  they  evidently  did  for  the  Indian  deed,  dated  Dec. 
13th,  mentions  part  of  the  payment  at  least  as  having 
been  already  received  and  ground  as  having  already  been 
cultivated  by  the  whites.! 

A  careful  study  of  all  the  documents  leaves  no  room, 
it  seems  to  me,  to  doubt  that  the  Town  was  "settled" 
in  the  ordinary  sense  of  that  word  by  June,  1640,  that  is, 
that  a  company  had  been  formed  for  that  purpose,  that 
legal  steps  for  acquiring  title  to  the  land  had  been  taken 
and  part  payment  made,  and  that  some  of  the  settlers, 
at  least,  had  arrived  on  the  spot,  built  houses  and  planted 
in  preparation  for  receiving  the  rest.  A  difference  of 
only  a  few  weeks,  has,  after  all,  but  a  sentimental  value, 
but  after  a  minute  and  impartial  examination  of  all  the 
evidence  adduced  by  the  champions  of  the  two  Towns, 
I  am  firmly  convinced  that  Southampton  is  entitled, 
without  any  question  whatever,  to  priority  of  settle- 
ment over  Southold,  and  so  is  the  oldest  English  Town 
in  the  state.* 

•Appendix  IV.  The  exceptions  were  apparently  Robins  and  Shel- 
ter Islands  which  he  owned  himself  and  Gardiner's  Island  which 
he  had  erranted  to  Lyon  Gardiner. 

fAppendix  V  The  bounds  were  limited,  July  7th,  to  Canoe  Place, 
on  the  west  and  the  present  eastern  line  as  the  earlier  limits  were 
found  to  have  included  more  than  8  miles  square. 

lAppendix  VI.  It  may  be  noted  that  one  of  the  considerations 
was  that  the  "English  shall  defend  us  the  sayed  Indians  from  the 
unjust  violence  of  whatever  Indians  shall  illegally  assaill  us."  In 
the  nomenclature  of  the  day  "old  ground"  meant  that  already  cul- 
tivated by  whites,  that  used  by  Indians  being  called  "Indian 
fields,"  so  that  the  reference  to  the  "old  ground  formerly  planted" 
clearly  points  to  the  settlers  having  raised  crops  the  preceding 
summer. 

*To  examine  minutely  all  the  questions  which  have  been  raised 
would  take  20  pages  of  text,  so  I  will  merely  refer  to  some  of  the 
references  studied  in  addition  to  original  deeds,  &c;  Hedges'  Suf.  Co. 
Hist.    Soc.   Address,    1889;    Whittaker,    Hist,    of   Southold;    Howell, 


THE  NEW  YORK 
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^LDi-.i4    I  '^  Ji-D.    1 


Mackay   Homestead,  Southampton 


Old  Jennings  House,  North  Sea 
enow    destroyed) 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  51 

The  settlers  reached  their  new  home  by  way  of  Pe- 
conic  Bay,  landing  at  North  Sea,  and  according  to  tradi- 
tion on  what  has  ever  since  borne  the  name  of  Con- 
science Point,  now  marked  by  the  boulder  monument.* 
The  little  harbor  there,  better  perhaps  in  those  days  than 
now,  long  continued,  as  we  shall  see,  to  constitute  their 
port,  although  the  settlement  was  made  at  what  is  now 
called  "Old  Town,"  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  east 
of  the  present  Main  Street  of  Southampton  Village,  and 
a  little  back  from  the  ocean.  The  Sachem  of  the  Shinne- 
cocks  then  lived  at  North  Sea  and  it  is  likely  that  ar- 
rangements for  the  purchase  of  the  land  were  made  im- 
mediately, or  at  least  permission  to  settle  received  leav- 
ing definite  terms  to  be  arranged  later. 

Just  who  the  very  first  arrivals  were,  or  their  number, 
we  do  not  know,  but  all  the  evidence  points  to  there  hav- 
ing been  between  one  and  two  hundred  people  here  be- 
fore the  New  Year.  Winthrop  mentions  "forty  families,"  ' 
and  Abraham  Pierson  chosen  minister  of  this  new  church 
while  still  in  Lynn  in  November,  was  here  by  the  follow- 
ing month  for  he  was  one  of  the  witnesses  to  the  Indian 
Deed  of  December,  so  we  many  conclude  that  the  colony 
was  not  only  founded  but  fairly  complete  before  the  end 
of  the  year.f 

Settlement  of  Southold;  Griffin,  Journal;  Moore,  Hist,  Address,  1890; 
Moore,  Index;  Tooker,  Analysis  of  the  Claims  of  Southold  (Express, 
Mar.  26  and  Apl.  2,  1903);  Lechford,  Note  Book,  pp.  283,  301,  318; 
Rhode  Id.  Col.  Reeds-,  Vol,  I,  p.  91;  Pelletreau,  Article  Southold  in 
Munsell's  Suffolk  County;  Winthrop's,  Hist,  supra,  &e. 

*Placed  there,  with  a  bronze  tablet,  by  the  Colonial  Society  of 
Southampton,  Tradition  records  that  the  name  is  due  to  the  re- 
mark of  one  of  the  women  on  landing,  "For  conscience  sake,  I'm  on 
dry  land  once  more." 

fBesides  those  already  given  as  "undertakers"  the  following  ap- 
pear in  the  Town  Records  prior  to  1644:  Thos  Hildreth,  Abraham 
Pierson,  Henry  Pierson,  Henry  Symonds,  John  Moore,  Thos,  Tal- 
mage,  Rich'd  Barrett,  Thomas  Tomson,  Fulke  Davis,  Wm.  Rogers, 
Wm.  Wills,  Rich'd  Post,  John  Mulford,  Arthur  Bostock,  Robert 
Bond,  John  Gosmer  and  Thos.  Burnet.  No  list  of  inhabitants  or 
even  freemen  appears  until  1649,  but  the  whaling  list  for  Mar.  7, 
1644,  O.  S.,  includes,  besides  some  of  those  above,  Wm.  Barnes,  Geo. 
Wood,  Thos.  Cooper,  Rich'd  Stratton,  John  White,  Mr.  Johnes, 
Rich'd  Jacques,  Robt  Rose,  Mr.  Stanborough,  Richard  Gosmer,  John 
Hand,  Ellis  Cook,  Tristrum  Hedges,  Thos.  Sayre,  John  Cory,  Rich'd 
Smith  and  John  Howell  as  well  as  several  "juniors."  T.  R.,  Vol.  I, 
p.  32. 


52  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOH  S   OF   SOUTH AMFTON 

That  first  summer  must  indeed  have  been  a  busy 
one.  A  whole  month  lost,  owing  to  the  unfortunate  in- 
cident at  Schout's  Bay,  and  unable  to  make  a  Ijeginning 
\mtil  June,  habitations  had  to  be  gotten  ready  and  crops 
planted  without  a  moment's  delay.  We  have  seen  that 
at  their  first  attempt  they  had  started  to  build  houses, 
but  owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  season  and  the  numbers 
who  arrived,  it  is  probable  that  many  a  family  spent  that 
first  winter  at  least  in  what  was  then  known,  and  what 
later  appears  in  the  Records  of  both  the  Hamptons,  as 
a  "cellar."'  This  quickly  constructed  home  was  much  in 
vogue  in  New  England*  in  the  earliest  days  of  a  new 
settlement,  and  is  thus  described  in  a  Dutch  letter  of 
advice  to  prospective  colonists:  "Those  in  New  Nether- 
land  and  especially  in  New  England,  who  have  no  means 
to  build  farm  houses  at  first  according  to  their  wishes, 
dig  a  square  pit  in  the  ground,  cellar  fashion,  six  or  seven 
feet  deep,  as  long  and  as  broad  as  they  think  proper, 
case  the  earth  inside  all  round  the  wall  with  timlier, 
which  they  line  with  the  bark  of  trees  or  something  else 
to  prevent  the  caving  in  of  the  earth;  tloor  this  cellar 
with  plank,  and  wainscoat  it  overhead  for  a  ceiling,  raise 
a  roof  of  spars  clear  up  and  cover  the  spars  with  bark 
or  green  sods,  so  that  they  can  live  dry  and  warm  in 
these  houses  with  their  entire  families  for  two,  three  and 
tour  years. "J 

These  and  log  cabins  probably  made  up  the  South- 
ampton Village  of  1640,  for  house  building  in  those  days 
was  both  slower  and  proportionately  more  costly  than 
today,  as  all  timber  was  then  hand  hewn,  sawn  planks 

♦Newhall,  Lynn,  p-  ll4;  Weeden,  Econ.  and  Social  Life,  Vol.  I, 
p.  214. 

tCol.  Docts.,  Vol.  I,  p.  368.  Among  other  references  in  the  Town 
Records  may  be  given  the  following  as  late  as  Sept.  5,  1664:  "It  is 
granted  to  Mr.  John  Jennings  liberty  to  digg  a  cellar  to  dwell  in, 
in  some  convenient  place  neere  ye  school  house,  which  is  to  bee 
built  with  this  proviso  or  condition  that  when  he  hath  done  with  ye 
use  of  said  cellar  himself  yt  hee  shall  resigne  it  againe  to  ye 
towne  and  shall  have  noe  interest  therein  except  hee  procure  an  in- 
habitant to  it  of  whome  the  town  shall  accept."  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  232. 
Again,  "it  was  but  a  cellar  &  a  few  Pallisades  plucked  up  was  set 
up  &  a  few  Round  sticks  laid  to  beare  un  a  small  Roofe  over  it." 
E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  176. 


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PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


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HISTORY  OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  53 

not  being  used  until  some  hundred  and  fifty  years  later. 
Even  so,  there  could  have  been  no  idle  hands  that  sum- 
mer, and  it  must  be  remembered  that  anxiety,  as  well  as 
hard  work,  was  the  lot  of  the  founders,  for  the  Indians 
were  never  to  be  trusted  and,  as  we  shall  see  in  the  next 
chapter,  more  than  once  in  these  early  years  gave  cause 
for  the  gravest  alarm. 

Of  the  men  who  guided  the  destinies  of  the  little  set- 
tlement in  its  infancy,  three  stand  out  with  especial 
prominence  in  my  mind,  not  merely  for  their  influence 
upon  its  fortunes,  but  because  they  represent  so  well 
elements  which  went  to  make  up  the  America  of  that 
day. 

First,  and  undoubtedly  worthy  to  be  called  the 
Father  of  the  colony,  stands  Edward  Howell.  A  magis- 
trate, early  elected  one  of  the  Selectmen  to  manage  the 
Town's  affairs,  its  leading  citizen  in  wealth*  and  social 
position,  whose  name  appears  first  in  every  list,  his  is 
the  most  attractive  figure  we  meet  at  the  beginning  of 
our  story.  A  gentleman  by  birth,  in  the  then  strict 
meaning  of  the  word,  he  owned  the  old  manor  house  of 
Wesbury  at  Marsh  Gibbon  in  Buckinghamshire,  which 
he  sold  in  1639,  and  also  property  at  Wotton  Under- 
wood, from  which  latter  he  received  an  annuity  of  £31  § 
He  had  been  admitted  a  freeman  of  the  Massachusetts 


*The  list  of  land  allotments  in  Lsmn,  so  far  as  it  relats  to  the 
Southampton  settlers  was  as  follows  (acres): 

Edward  Howell  500      Thomas  Sayre  60 

John  Cooper  200  &  10       Christopher  Foster  60 

Allen  Bread  200      Thomas  Newhall  30 

Edmund  Farrington  200       [Wm.]  Harcher  20 

Josias    Stanbury  100       Philin  Kirtland,  sen.  10 

Thomas  Halsye  100      Philip  Kirtland,  jun.  10 

Job  Sayre  60       George  Wellbye  — 

Daniel  Howe,  upland  and  meadow  60 
Records  Essex  Quarterly  Courts;  Vol.  II,  pp.  270-1,  Note. — The  de- 
parture of  many  wealthy  or  well  to  do  residents  from  Lynn  af- 
fected its  prosperity  and  in  1645  application  was  made  to  the 
General  Court  for  a  reduction  in  taxes.  It  was  stated  that  out  of 
£80,  formerly  Edward  Howell  had  paid  £6,  John  Cooper  £1,  Wm. 
Halsey  £1,  Lady  Moody  £4,  &c.  Howell's  taxes  were  the  highest 
of  any.     Newhall,  Lynn,  p.  214. 

SLechford,  Note  Book,  pp.  322-3.  Also  N.  E.  Gen.  &  Biog.  Rec- 
ord, Vol.  40,  p.  273;  Winthrop  Papers,  Vol.  I,  p.  489;  N.  Y.  Gen.  & 
Biog.  Record,  Vol.  28,  pp.  50  et  seq  and  pp.  83  et  seq. 


54  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOH'N   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

Colony  March  14,  1638-9  and  was  an  extensive  land  own?- 
er  in  Lynn,  where  he  also  possessed  a  grist  mill.t  becomr 
ine  likewise  the  owner  of  the  first  mill  in  South- 
anipton.i 

Taking-,  as  indeed  every  one  did,  even  the  minister, 
his  share  in  the  homely  common  tasks  of  the  commun- 
ity, (they  both  appear,  for  example,  in  the  whaling  list 
of  1644),  yet  his  name  never  figures  in, any  of  the  innum- 
erable petty  law  suits  nor  bickerings  over  small  matters 
of  business  or  scandal  and  one  gathers  the  impression 
through  the  records  of  a  man  greatly  respected,  digni- 
fied, reserved,  perhaps  a  little  aloof.  Of  his  son  Arthur, 
v/ho  will  be  more  particularly  mentioned  later,  we  have 
perhaps  the  most  charmingly  intimate  portrait  of  any 
member  of  the  early  community,  and  although  at  the 
period  we  are  now  discussing,  he  was  only  a  lad.  it  is 
interesting  to  note  as  indicating  something  of  the  social 
relations  of  the  scattered  settlements,  that  he  was  later 
to  marry  the  daughter  of  Lyon  Gardiner,  living  then  as 
a  child  on  her  father's  island. 

The  second  figure,  of  a  very  different  type,  and  yet 
which  I  have  again  chosen  as  a  typical  one,  was  that  of 
the  minister  of  the  church,  Abraham  Pierson',  the  "godly, 
learned  man"  of  John  Winthrop's  Journal.  He  was 
likely  l)()th,  according  to  the  notions  of  his  dav,  but  his 
own  writings,  of  which  1  have  found  various  bits  here  and 
there,  reveal  a  man  decidedly  lacking  in  sympathetic  un- 
derstanding of  the  frailties  of  the  human  heart  and 
mind,  although  himself  upright,  pious  and  conscien- 
tious.* The  little  community  gathered  here  was  to  show 
itself  singularly  tolerant  in  its  religious  attitude  as  Well 

fNewhall,  Lynn,  p.  143. 

JThis  mill  stood  on  the  east  side  of  Benedict's  Creek  north  of 
the  present  railroad  track.  One  stone  was  brought  from  Mill  Stone 
Brook,  Seponac,  and  the  other  from  Mill  Stone  Swamp,  near  Brick 
Kilns.  One  of  these  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  three  forming  part  of 
the  retaining  wall  at  the  present  old  water  mill.  The  agreement 
with  the  Town  for  building  the  original  mill  was  dated  Jan.  7,  1644, 
T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  40  et  seq, 

*He  is  said  to  have  been  a  native  of  Yorkshire,  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  receiving  the  Bachelor's  degree  in  1632. 
Coming  to  New  England  in  1640,  he  was  admitted  to  the  Boston 
church  Sept.  5.     Conn.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  3. 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  55 

as  just  and  merciful  in  its  court  decisions.  At  the  very- 
beginning  of  the  Town  Records,  however,  there  appears 
in  what  is  said  to  be  the  minister's  hand  writing,  a  curi- 
ous "Abstract  of  the  Lawes    of    Judgement    as    given 

Moses     to     the     Commonwealth    of    Israel being 

joyntly  and  unanimously  Consented  unto  as  ffunda- 
mental  by  the  Inhabitants  of  this  CoUony  of  Southamp- 
ton." This  code,  made  up  of  the  most  bloodthirsty  bits 
of  the  Mosaic  laws,  contains  fifteen  crimes  punishable 
with  death,  including  blasphemy,  heresy,  profaning  the 
Lord's  day,  and  the  cursing  or  smiting  of  parents  by  re- 
bellious children. §  In  spite  of  its  being  "unanimously 
consented  unto,"  not  a  single  clause  was  ever  enforced, 
nor  was  the  Code  ever  again  referred  to  in  any  way, 
while  every  page  of  the  Records  bears  witness  to  how 
utterly  alien  it  was  to  the  spirit  of  the  community.  This 
greater  breadth  of  mind  and  soundness  of  judgment  on 
the  part  of  the  congregation  as  compared  with  the  nar- 
row ecclesiasticism  of  its  minister,  by  no  means  unusual, 
was  to  end  in  the  severance  of  their  relations.  In  1643, 
when  the  New  England  Confederacy  was  formed,  and 
Southampton  was  considering  uniting  itself  to  either 
New  Haven  or  Connecticut,  Mr.  Pierson  was  strongly  in 
favor  of  the  former,  while  the  Town  chose  the  latter,  the 
difTerence  being  that  in  New  Haven  only  church  mem- 
bers could  become  freemen  whereas  in  Connecticut  any 
orderly  person  possessing  a  certain  freehold  could  be- 
come so.*  The  union  with  Connecticut  came  about  in 
1644  and  in  1647  h^  removed  to  Branford  in  the  New 
Haven  colony. f 

Mr.  Pierson  tried  his  hand  at  making  verses  as  well 
as  laws,  though  with  little  more  success.       In    a    long 

§  T.  R.,  Vol  I,  pp.  18-22. 

*Vide  Trumbull,  Hist.  Conn.,  Vol.  I,  p.  271  and  277  for  Mr.  Pier- 
son and  Branford  and  his  attitude  on  this  question. 

fWhen  New  Haven  itself  was  joined  to  Connecticut  in  1665,  Mr. 
Pierson  again  moved,  this  time  to  Newark,  N.  J.  Trumbull  states 
that  he  "and  almost  his  whole  church  and  congregation  were  so  dis- 
pleased, that  they  soon  removed  into  Newark,  in  New  Jersey.  They 
carried  off  the  records  of  the  church  and  town,  and  after  it  had  been 
settled  about  five  and  twenty  years,  left  it  almost  without  inhabi- 
tants."    Hist.  Conn.,  Vol.  I,  p.  277. 


56  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHW   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

panegyrical  elegy  on  the  death  of  Gov.  Eaton  of  New 
Haven,  consisting  of  thirty-one  stanzas  in  English  and 
one  in  Latin,  he  compares  the  late  executive  to  a  lion, 
dove,  Noah,  Abraham,  Isaac,  David,  Jacob,  Joseph, 
Joshua,  Caleb,  Samuel,  Jonathan,  Solomon,  Ezekiah, 
Josiah,  Nehemiah,  Alordecai  and  Job,  usually  to  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  governor  who  comes  out  of  the  ordeal 
with  Hying  colors.  It  is  dreary  reading,  save  for  its  un- 
conscious humor,  which  is  as  provoking  as  it  was  unin- 
tended, and  1  will  quote  only  one  stanza  as,  alas,  a  fair 
sample  of  early  American  poetry. 

"In  all  the  changes  of  his  life,  hee  held 
The  Orthodox  truth,  th'  Heterodox  he  queld. 
He  had  a  (|uick  passage  up  to  heaven, 
Was  well,  &  sick,  and  dead  in  houres  seven."* 
His  most  interesting  work,  however,  was  an  Indian 
catechism  written  in  a  dialect  of  the  Quiripi  Indians, 
spoken  near  Guilford,  and  prepared  with  the  help  of 
John  Stanton.  Only  two  copies  of  the  first  edition  of 
this  little  book  are  in  existence,  one  in  the  New  York 
Public  Library  with  the  correct  title-page,  reproduced  in 
this  volume  and  the  other  in  the  British  Museum  with  a 
forged  title  which  substituted  the  name  of  Capt.  John 
Scott  for  that  of  John  Stanton. f  The  picture  of  the  Cap- 
lain,  an  accomplished  and  consummate  rascal,  collabor- 
ating with  the  godly  clergyman  in  the  preparation  of  a 
catechism  must  have  caused  some  consternation  as  well 
as  mirth  among  his  contemporaries.  The  former  emo- 
tion, however,  probably  prevailed  to  the  total  exclusion 
of  the  latter,  in  the  minds  of  the  poor  Quiripis  when  they 
found  themselves  called  upon  to  find  the  way  to  salva- 
tion by  such  dialectics  as  are  shown  in  the  following  ex- 
amples taken  at  random: 

Question — "How  do  you  prove  that  there  is  but  one 
true  God?" 


*Mass  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  Ser.  IV,  Vol.  VII,  pp.  477-481.  For  an- 
other example  of  Pierson's  muse  see  a  10-line  stanza  on  the  death 
of  Robert  Coe,  quoted  by  Orcutt,  Hist,  of  Stratford,  Vol.  I,  p.  117. 
It  is  more  deadly  than  the  elegy. 

tSee  article  on  the  book  and  Capt.  Scott  by  Mr.  W.  Eames  in 
Filling's  Bibliog.  of  the  Algonquian  Languages,  pp.  396-402. 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOlf'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  57 

Answer — "Because  singular  things  of  the  same  kind 
when  they  are  multiphed  are  differenced  among  them- 
selves by  their  singular  properties;  but  there  cannot  be 
found  another  God  difTferenced  from  this,  by  any  such 
like  properties." 

Question — Prove  "that  all  singular  things  are  gov- 
erned by  God's  providence." 

Answer — "Because  generals  do  subsist  in  singulars, 
and  therefore,  if  singulars  were  not' preserved  by  God's 
providence,  the  generals  would  perish  with  them." 

Undoubtedly  to  get  the  full  flavor  of  the  above,  it 
should  be  read  in  the  Ouiripi  dialect,  but  speaking  seri- 
ously, it  is  not  an  unprofitable  subject  of  historical  medi- 
tation to  compare  this  attempted  teaching  of  the  modern 
children  of  the  wilderness  with  the  Sermon  on  the 
Mount.  It  is  a  luminous  commentary  on  much  in  New 
England  history  and  it  is  for  that  reason  that  I  have 
drawn,  somewhat  at  length,  the  portrait  of  this  undoubt- 
edly pious,  conscientious  and  intellectual  minister  next 
to  that  of  the  able  and  accomplished  layman  and  gentle- 
man as  constituting  two  of  the  types  among  the  leaders 
of  our  country  in  these  early  days. 

There  was  however,  another  of  yet  a  different  sort 
but  of  great  value  in  any  of  the  colonies  and  which  was 
exemplified  in  our  own  early  community  by  such 
a  man  as  John  Cooper.*  One  of  the  original  un- 
dertakers and  earliest  arrivals  here,  his  name  ap- 
pears on  the  very  first  page  of  the  Town 
Records  and  none  with  greater  frequency  from 
then  until  his  death.  A  man  of  the  most  indomit- 
able energy,  he  was  yet  no  wanderer  like  many  of  the 
energetic  men  of  his  day,  who  would  become  prominent 
residents  of  half  a  dozen  different  settlements  in  turn, 
but  remained  in  Southampton  from  its  founding  to  his 
own  death,  and  if  we  trace  his  name  in  Boston,  Hartford, 
New  Haven,  and  New  Amsterdam  as  well  as  in  the  rec- 
ords of  many  towns  on  Long  Island,  it  is  merely  by  rea- 


*John  Cooper,  aged  41,  and  wife  Wilbroe,  aged  42,  with  children 
Mary,  18;  John,  10;  Thomas,  7;  Martha,  5;  came  in  the  Hopewell 
in  1635  from  Olney,  Bucks.  Eng.  He  settled  at  Lynn  and  was  made 
freeman  Dec    8.  1636.     Died  1662. 


58  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOWN   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

son  of  his  multifarious  activities.  He  was  apparently 
what  we  would  class  today  as  a  successful  self-made 
man  of  business,  the  precursor  of  a  race  which  was  to  de- 
velop the  resources  of  a  continent.  Of  untiring  energy 
and  unusual  business  ability,  of  strong  character  and 
will,  with  a  somewhat  choleric  temper  and  a  hasty 
tongue,  a  born  fighter,  bluff,  honest  and  courageous,  he 
could  ill  have  been  spared  from  the  colony  in  its  days  of 
struggle.  He  may,  with  others,  have  been  occasionally 
fined  for  "passionate  expression"  or  "hasty  imprecation" 
but  the  unrecorded  occasions  which  called  them  forth 
may  possibly  have  justified  them,  and  as  for  his  numer- 
ous law  suits  it  must  be  granted  that  they  were  not  sel- 
dom settled  in  his  favor.  In  one  case,  when  a  certain 
Jennings  tried  to  bring  a  political  hornet's  nest  around 
his  ears,  Gov.  Lovelace  himself  wrote  to  John  Howell  on 
his  behalf,  saying,  "not  that  I  doe  not  believe  Cooper 
may  be  blameable  of  untoward  expressions  (being  a 
man  naturally  not  so  well  polisht  as  others  of  a  more 
gentle  nature)  but  in  regard  the  matter"  he  seems  to 
think  that  Jennings'  motives  were  decidedly  not  of  a  pro 
bono  publico  nature.*  H  he  loved  a  fair  fight,  he  did  not 
love  bickering  and  the  last  words  to  his  children  in  his 
will  were  "and  so  give  the  same  counsel  all  or  any  of 
you  as  Joseph  gave  unto  Chisl  brethren  that  you  fall  not 
at  difference"! 

His  main  business  apparently,  which  he  carried  on 
for  a  while  at  least  with  Thomas  Cooper,  was  raising  and 
selling  horses,  then  one  of  the  principal  articles  of  ex- 
port to  the  Barbadoes,  and  there  was  an  interesting  law 
suit  in  that  connection  in  which  he  figured,  tried  at  New 
Haven.  To  simplify  a  somewhat  complicated  story, 
Giles  Sylvester,  of  Shelter  IslancC  bought  a  mare  which 
the  Coopers  were  to  deliver  to  him  at  Southampton. § 
Sylvester  sailed  over  to  the  port  at  North  Sea,  and 
Thomas  Cooper  happening  to  be  there,  offered  to  help 

*Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  676. 

fLast  Will  and  Testament.    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  26. 

§The  law  suit  was  three  cornered,  involving  Jonas  Wood.  It  was 
decided  in  favor  of  the  Coopers.  New  Haven  Records,  Vol.  II,  pp. 
190-194. 


HISTORT  OF   THE    rOli'N  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  59 

him  home  with  her.  On  the  short  voyage  over,  how- 
ever, she  fell,  killed  herself,  and  Sylvester  then  sued  for 
her  value.  In  the  trial,  Thomas  Cooper  was  asked 
whether  he  had  offered  his  services.  He  bluntly 
answered  that  he  had  and  that  "he  would  never  goe  to 
the  devill  for  a  mare,  he  would  tell  the  truth,  and  if  he 
did  pay  for  a  mare  it  should  learne  him  more  witt  then 
to  proffer  his  service  to  a  gentleman  another  time." 

He  was  also  interested  in  other  business  affairs,  as 
well  as  keeping  the  tavern  for  a  while  and  having  the  ex- 
clusive monopoly  of  the  fishing  and  salting  in  the  Town 
limits  II  under  license  both  of  the  Town  and  Gov.  An- 
dross,  together  with  certain  privileges  in  regard  to  drift 
whales.  With  all,  it  is  interesting  to  note,  that  the  in- 
ventory of  his  estate  included  the  rare  item  of  "Books":!: 

and  that  in  his  will  he  left  "unto  the  poor a  marc 

foal,  the  best  that  shall  one  of  the  first  come  up,  and  is 
towards  the  maintaining  of  a  schoolmaster."* 

The  names  of  others  who  did  much  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  colony,  of  Capt.  Topping,  of  Josias  Stan- 
borough,  who  founded  Sagg,  of  John  Ogden,  who 
founded  North  Sea,  and  of  others  will  appear  in  the  next 
chapter,  but  the  brief  sketches  of  the  three  given  above 
suffice  to  show  what  manner  of  men  they  were  who 
landed  on  these  shores  in  1640  and  bore  the  burden  of 
those  first  hard  years. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  New  England  was  settled 
by  groups,!  frequently  bound  together  by  ties  of  blood, 
of  friendship,  «jf  neighborhood  before  emigration,  or  of 
other  sorts,  but  to  all  such  bonds  as  may  thus  have 
united  them,  there  was  always  added  here  the  further 
one  of  common  ownership  of  the  soil.  Prof.  Adams  de- 
scribes this  original  idea  of  the  New  England  Town,  as 
that  "of  a  village  community  of  allied  families,  settled  in 
close  proximity  for  good  neighborhood  and  defense, 
with  homes  and  home  lots  fenced  in  and  owned  in  sever- 


II T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  67.. 
JT.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  27 
*T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  25. 

tFor  an  interesting  exception  see  Channing,  Narragansett  Plant- 
ers. 


60  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOfi'N   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

alty,  but  with  a  common  Town  Street  and  a  Villag-e 
Green  or  Home  Pasture;  and  with  common  fields,  allot- 
ted outside  the  Town  for  individual  mowing  and  tillage, 
but  fenced  in  common,  together  with  a  vast  surrounding- 
tract  of  absolutely  common  and  undivided  land,  used  for 
pasture  and  woodland,  under  communal  regulations."* 
How  closely  Southampton  followed  this  general  New 
England  model  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  agree- 
ment made  between  the  original  undertakers,!  in  which 
are  found  strict  provisions  concerning  the  size  and  dis- 
position of  house  lots,  planting  lots,  meadow  and  com- 
monage. Of  all  human  institutions,  those  connected 
with  the  ownership  of  land  are  most  stable  and  least 
subject  to  change,  and  investigations,  largely  of  the  last 
thirty  years,  have  shown  that  the  germs  of  this  New 
England  plan  of  village  land  were  already  in  existence 
before  the  dispersal  of  the  original  Aryan  bands  to  India 
and  to  Europe  in  the  days  before  recorded  history  be- 
gan. To  trace  back  the  system  as  it  i)revailed  in  this 
village  to  its  nearest  prototype  we  must  cross  the  seas 
to  England,  pass  back  along  the  centuries  of  English  his- 
tory,! retrace  the  foosteps  of  our  Saxon  forefathers  to 
the  Teutonic  lands  upon  the  Continent  and  there  study 
a  primitive  village,  or  mark,  of  our  ancestors,  as  it 
existed  some  twelve  centuries  ago. 

*H.  B.  Adams.     Germanic  Origins  of  New  England  Towns,  p.  27. 

fVide,  Disposal!  of  the  Vessell,  Appendix  I. 

JThe  following  treats  of  England  at  a  period  not  long  anterior  to 
the  emigration  to  America:  "Every  village,  in  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity of  the  dwelling  houses  and  farm  buildings,  had  some  few  in- 
closed grass  lands  for  the  rearing  of  calves,  or  for  other  cattle 
which  it  might  be  thought  necessary  to  keep  near  the  village.  .  .  . 
Around  these  home  inclosures  lay  the  arable  land,  divided  into  fields 
of  nearly  equal  size,  and  usually  three  in  number,  on  which  winter 
and  summer  crops  and  fallow  followed  in  succession.  In  the  low- 
est grounds,  'and  in  the  water-formed  base  of  the  rivered  valleys, 
or  in  the  boggy  dips  adjoining  the  arable  land,  lay  meadow  ground 
for  hay  harvest.'  The  more  distant  land  served  for  pasture  and 
wood,  but  the  pasturage  was  of  two  distinct  kinds;  the  inlying  por- 
tion of  a  better  kind  called  'stinted,'  on  which  there  was  a  limit 
as  to  numbers  and  kinds  of  cattle  .  .  .  and  the  common  pasture, 
on  which  every  one  could  turn  out  as  many  cattle  during  the  sum- 
mer as  he  had  fodder  to  support  during  the  winter."  Nasse.  Agric. 
Community  of  the  Middle  Ages,  p.  10. 


^JJg  SOME  IS 

31        HELPS    FOR   THE  gj^ 

giNDlANS  I 

si    How  tQ  improve  thsir  natural  X^^-  ^ 

■--oa  r^w,  Toknowthe  rrvigOZ).  and  gj 

21  W  true  CV>a/?/^'J ,  Keligion;  ^ 

31     I .  By  leading  them  to  fee  the  Dl-  ^ 

^^  vine  Auchoriry  of  the  SzYtB^vn^^  &«• 

^^     2.  By  the  Scriptiws  the  Uivme  ^^ 


««k:  Trutlu  necelsary  i.o^^cin4S,^iivAUoh.  i5«*» 

•2S   '  ,,•  Undertaken  '  ."'r^'" 

.JJc".'    •    A(  tht  A4o,tio*i^  and  p'M{t}!i  hj  5^' 
^  f/^/oVder  .ff^.  COMMISSION^  i^ 
^  £i2  >  »f /^^  United  Colonics.        ■ '    g^jj, 
Si   "  hj  ABKHHAM  ^PEiRSON.  g^ 


S€» 


^^    Exiin'.ned,  and  ^ppf^ved  by  Jh&mn  ^ 

«i^  Smwm  Interpreter-Geiierdl  to  the  U-  |®^ 

21  nited  Colomesiox^t  wdim  L^n'ifiMge,  ,^^ 

^,«t«  anJbyforo?  others  of  the  tnoft  able  S«» 

'21  laterpeters  araogft  us.  |5 


Title  Page  of  the  first  edition  of  Pierson's  Indian  Catechism 


CLIBPARY 


A^TOR.    ; 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  (il 

This  mark,  which  was  the  general  name  of  the  ter- 
ritory held  by  the  community  made  up  of  a  family  or 
kindred,  is  thus  described  by  Prof.  Stubbs.  "In  the 
centre  of  the  clearing  fin  the  forest]  the  primitive  village 
is  placed;  each  of  the  mark-men  has  there  his  homestead, 

his  house,  court  yard,  and  farm  buildings He  has 

a  right  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  woods,  the  pastures,  the 
meadow,  and  the  arable  land  of  the  mark;  but  the  right 
is  of  the  nature  of  usufruct  or  possession  only,  his  only 
title  to  absolute  ownership  being  merged  in  the  general 
title  of  the  tribe,  which  he  of  course  shares.  The  woods 
and  pastures  being  undivided,  each   markman  has  the 

right  of  using  them The meadow  land  lies 

open  from  hay  harvest  to  the  following  spring,  and  dur- 
ing this  time  is  treated  as  a  portion  of  the  common  pas- 
ture  ^\'hen  the  grass  begins  to  grow,  the  cattle 

are  driven  out,  and  the  meadow  is  fenced  round  and  di- 
vided into  as  many  ec|ual  shares  as  there  are  mark  fam- 
ilies in  the  village;  each  man  has  his  own  haytime  and 
houses  his  own  crop ;  that  done,  the  fences  are  thrown 
down  and  the  meadow  becomes  again  common  pasture"  J 
Later  "the  arable  fell  into  the  condition  of  separate  own- 
ership together  with  the  homestead;  the  rights  to  wood 

and  pasture  remaining  in  common and  the  right  of 

separate  ownership  being  established,  inequality  of  es- 
tate, which  must  have  prevailed  to  some  extent  from  the 
hrst"  became  the  rule.* 

From  the  extracts  given  in  text  and  notes  could  be 
drawn  a  very  fair  picture  of  the  land  system  as  it  pre- 

*Stubbs,  Ibid.,  Vol.  I,  p.  59.  Maine  (Village  Communities,  p.  107) 
says  of  Indian  villages:  "If  a  very  general  language  were  em- 
ployed, the  description  of  the  Teutonic  or  Scandinavian  village- 
communities  might  actually  serve  as  a  description  of  the  same  in- 
stitution in  India.  There  is  the  arable  mark,  divided  into  separate 
lots  but  cultivated  according  to  minute  customary  rules  binding  on 
all.  .  .  .  There  is  the  waste  or  common  land,  out  of  which  the  ara- 
ble mark  has  been  cut,  enjoyed  as  pasture  by  all  of  the  com- 
munity pro  indiviso.  There  is  the  village  consisting  of  habitations 
each  ruled  by  a  despotic  pater-familias.  And  there  is  constantly  a 
council  of  government  to  determine  disputes  as  to  custom." 

See  also,  Adams,  Village  Communities  of  Cape  Anne  and  Salem; 
Eggleston,  The  Land  System  of  the  New  Enj^land  Colonies;  Free- 
man, Comparative  Politics;  Osgood,  Am.  Colonies,  Vol.  I,  Chap.  XI. 

+  Stubbs,  Constit.  Hist,  of  England,  Vol.  I,  pp.  56  et  seq. 


62  HISTORY    Oh    THE    TOff'N   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

vailed  in  this  Town,  for  here,  again,  we  find  the  com- 
pact village  with  its  privately  owned  home,  or  house, 
lots,  the  scattered  bits  of  arable  land,  the  common 
fences,  §  the  great  undivided  commons  of  woods  and  pas- 
turage, dates  set  for  letting  out  cattle, f  "stints"  pre- 
scribed,! and  all  the  other  details  as  found  in  other 
lands  and  ages.  This  was  the  ancient  system  brought  by 
the  settlers  from  their  old  home,  though  in  a  more  an- 
cient form  than  it  existed  in  there  at  the  time  of  emigra- 
tion. Fortunately  none  could  have  been  better  adapted 
to  the  conditions  as  they  were  in  their  new  one,  for 
while  giving  full  scope  to  the  individual's  instinct  for 
owning  his  own  home  in  severalty,  it  at  the  same  time 
bound  all  the  members  of  the  community  together  in  a 
common  unity  of  purpose,  endeavor  and  interest,  such 
as  no  other  bond  was  capable  of  doing,  for  even  religion 
was  not  the  compelling  force  by  any  means  with  all  the 
early  settlers  that  our  older  historians  counted  it.* 

Whether  every  land  owner  in  the  original  commun- 

§May  16,  1643,  "Yt  is  ordered  that  the  fence  of  the  little  Com- 
mon shall  bee  set  up  according  to  each  man's  proportion  within  nine 
days."    T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  28;  also  pp.  34,  38,  43,  &c. 

f'Voates  that  the  fatting  Pasture  shall  be  enclosed  from  the 
15th  day  of  April  till  the  last  day  of  January."  Apl.  3,  1711.  T.  R., 
Vol.  II,  p.  147.  "No  cattle  shall  come  upon  the  great  playne  after 
.the  last  of  March  uppon  penalty  of  2d  a  beaste  and  a  halfe  penny 
a  goate."    Mar.  8,  1649,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  59;  also  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  84. 

{Apparently  the  number  of  cattle  which  could  be  turned  in  on 
the  commons  was  not  stinted  at  first,  although  the  possibility  was 
contemplated  Thus  we  read.  1649:  "in  case  that  the  whole  bounds 
of  the  town  come  to  be  stinted  for  cattle  that  they  [settlers  at 
North  Sea]  must  be  stinted  also."  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  49.  Some  por- 
tions, however,  seem  to  have  been  stinted  from  the  first,  for  there 
is  a  common  herdsman  mentioned  in  1643  [T.  R  .,Vol.  I,  p.  28.]. 
In  1647,  6  goats  were  voted  equal  to  a  cow  [Ibid,  p.  46.]  and  in  1657 
each  owner  of  a  £50  lot  was  declared  entitled  to  pasture  8  "Cow 
Kind,"  a  cow  being  considered  equal  to  6  sheep  or  a  horse  and 
mare,  or  6  goats.  Persons  pasturing  more  than  their  stint  were  to 
pay  Is.  6d.  per  head.    T.  R..  Vol.  I,  p.  115. 

*As  Prof.  Adams  said,  "there  is  more  general  truth  than  is  usu- 
ally imagined  in  the  story"  of  the  minister  [Mather's  Magnalia] 
who  exhorted  the  people  at  Marblehead  to  be  religious  or  they 
would  defeat  the  main  end  of  having  planted  the  wilderness.  "Sir," 
said  one  of  the  fishermen,  "you  are  mistaken.  You  think  you  are 
preaching  to  the  people  at  the  Bay.  Our  main  end  was  to  catch 
fish." 


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ASTOP 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOIVN   OT  SOUTHAMFTON  63 

ity  here  possessed  all  of  the  above  rights,  cannot  be  pos- 
itively asserted,  but  it  is  probable  that  he  did.  However 
that  may  be,  it  was  not  long  before  here  as  elsewhere 
the  distinction  began  to  appear  between  those  who  did 
and  those  who  did  not,  in  other  words,  between  simple 
Townsmen  on  the  one  hand,  and  Proprietors,  or  those 
owning  a  share  in  the  undivided  lands  of  the  Town,  on 
the  other. 

Reference  to  the  various  deeds  shows  that  they  were 
granted  to  certain  men  and  their  associates  and  the  land, 
so  granted,  was  held  by  them  jointly,  except  such  por- 
tions as  they  might,  in  their  own  discretion  and  from 
time  to'time,  agree  among  themselves  to  allot  in  sever- 
alty to  individuals.  These  were  the  Proprietors.  In 
a  land  "division",  if  land  were  allotted  to  one  of  them- 
selves, that  person  would  thus  accjuire  the  fee  simple  of 
the  individual  piece  allotted  to  him  and  still  retain  his 
share  in  the  undivided  remainder,  but  if  an  allotment 
were  made  to  one  who  was  not  a  Proprietor,  all  that  he 
acquired  was  the  fee  of  the  piece  allotted  to  him  with  no 
rights  whatever  in  the  Common  Land.  He  might,  how- 
ever, acquire  such  rights  by  purchase.  The  proportion- 
ate interest  which  each  Proprietor  owned  in  the  total  un- 
divided, or  common,  land  at  any  time,  was  the  same  as 
the  ratio  which  the  amount  which  he  had  paid  in  to  the 
joint  stock  of  the  undertakers  bore  to  the  total  amount 
of  that  stock.  Thus  we  find  June  ii  [1647]  that  "it  is 
ordered  by  all  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Towne  this  day 
that  this  Town  is  to  be  devided  into  fortie  home  lots 
some  biger  some  less,  as  men  have  put  in  a  share,  six 
thousand  pounds  to  be  divided  into  fortie  parts."*  This 
made  £150  apiece  and  was  the  origin  of  the  so-called 
£150.  lots. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  above  was  ordered  by  "all 
the  Inhabitants  of  this  Towne,"  and  it  may  have  been, 
as  is  thus  suggested,  that  during  the  early  years  every 
or  nearly  every  freeman  was  likewise  a  Proprietor  and 
that  thus  in  their  dual  capacities  they  could  transaci 
both  Town  and  Proprietors'  business  at  the  same  meet- 

*T..  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  50. 


64  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOIVN   OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

ing,  which  was  simply  recorded  as  a  Town  Meeting.  The 
dual  capacity,  however,  was  clearly  understood,  and  thus 
we  find,  when  the  question  of  a  new  Patent  came  up. 
that  it  was  "by  generall  voat  of  the  town  concluded  and 
agreed  upon  that  the  Charges  about  the  present  patent 
for  the  town  shall  be  paid  by  the  proprietors  according 
to  their  proportions  of  purchase  of  fifties,  hundreds,  and 
hundred  and  fifties."  § 

As  the  Town  grew  and  its  needs  became  more  diver- 
sified, men  pursuing  various  useful  trades  were  fre- 
quently given  allotments  of  land  on  condition  that  they 
would  come  and  remain  in  the  town  to  carry  on  their 
trade  there.  It  was  usually  agreed  that  they  wefe  to  re- 
main a  certain  number  of  years,  after  which  the  land 
would  be  theirs  in  fee,  but  if  they  did  not,  then  the  land 
should  revert  again  to  the  Proprietors,  or  Town  used  in 
that  sense.*  Although  no  share  in  the  undivided  com- 
mon land  went  with  such  grants,  nevertheless  shares  or 
fractions  of  a  share  could  be  bought  for  no  great  sum, 
and  frequently  were,  so  that  in  that  way  newcomers  or 
members  of  a  younger  generation  also  became  Pro- 
prietors, as  well  as  by  inheritance.! 

The  end  of  the  system  will  be  discussed  in  a  later 
chapter,  and  only  a  few  words  will  here  be  added  as  to 
the  title  to  the  lands  thus  secured  and  owned  by  the  Pro- 
prietors. 

ST.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  119.  Feb.  7,  1686-7.  At  a  meeting  Apl.  5,  1687 
it  was  voted  that  any  of  the  Inhabitants  could  buy  a  "fifty"  by  pay- 
ing £3  toward  the  cost  of  the  Patent  and  so  share  proportionately 
in  all  the  remaining  undivided  common  land.    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  295. 

*Thus,  Dec.  10,  1678:  "By  voat  is  granted  unto  Ezekiel  Sanford 
and  given  him  fifteen  acres  of  land  .  .  .  that  He  continue  in  the 
towne  &  follow  his  vocation  of  making  cart  wheels  the  term  of 
seven  years  from  this  time,  at  a  reasonable  rate  and  after  that  the 
land  to  be  at  his  own  dispose."  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  75.  (This  land  was 
the  lot  on  Ocean  Rd.  and  Bridge  Lane,  where  the  old  house  still 
stands.)  In  1685  John  Piny  was  granted  land  provided  he  served 
the  Town  5  years  as  "cutler  or  smith."  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  104.  In 
1686,  Joseph  Wickham  was  granted  3  acres  provided  he  would  serve 
7  years  as  tanner.  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  111.  There  are  many  other 
examples. 

fAmong  innumerable  examples  may  be  cited  Ebenezer  White's 
purchase  in  1701  of  a  £50  right  of  conimonage  for  53  s.  6d.  (T.  R., 
Vol.  VI,  p.  69),  and  John  Wick's  bequest  in  his  Will  of  "%  of  a  50 
of  commonage  throughout  the  town." 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  65 

Titles  to  all  land  in  New  England*  derived  from  two 
sources,  the  Crown  in  England  and  the  aboriginal  occu- 
piers in  America. t  The  first  based  its  right  upon  the 
two  facts  of  discovery  and  possession  in  combination,  the 
latter  supposedly  following  the  former  within  a  reason- 
able length  of  time,  although  sometimes  very  distinctly 
stretched  as  in  the  case  of  Long  Island  where  the  "dis- 
covery" dated  from  the  voyages  of  the  Cabots  in  1497-8 
and  Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert  in  1583.  However,  such  title 
as  was  the  Crown's  to  bestow  passed  to  the  undertakers 
through  the  Stirling  grant,  and  though  the  title  of  the 
Dutch  may  perhaps  in  equity  be  considered  as  clearer,  it 
may  also  be  considered  as  having  passed  by  subsequent 
events. I 

While  the  English  theory  vested  the  absolute  title  to 
the  land  in  the  Crown,  it  also  recognized  a  right  of  user 
or  occupancy  as  vested  in  the  Indians,  and  to  complete 
the  title  required  that  settlers  should  acquire  this  right 
by  purchase  from  the  natives.  This  was  done  at  South- 
ampton, as  is  evidenced  by  the  Indian  Deed  of  Decem- 
ber, but  that  deed,  like  all  such  documents,  was  drawn  up 
by  Englishmen  and  in  terms  of  English  law,  which  was, 
of  course,  utterly  alien  to  the  customs  and  knowledge  of 
the  Indians.  There  seems  to  me  little  room  to  doubt  but 
that  in  all  such  early  cases,  the  two  parties  to  the  con- 
tract had  different  ideas  as  to  its  nature.  Sympathy  is 
often  expressed  for  the  Indians  and  charges  of  calculated 


*It  must  be  recalled  that  the  East  End  of  Long  Island  was  not 
only  settled  from,  but  long  a  part  of,  New  England. 

fVide,  Eggleston,  Land  System  of  the  New  Eng.  Colonies,  pp.  6 
et  seq. 

IBriefly,  the  Dutch  claimed  all  Long  Island;  they  drove  off  the 
English  settlers  when  they  attempted  to  settle  at  Cow  Bay;  they  did 
not  drive  them  off,  nor  apparently  even  protest  when  they  settled 
the  same  year  at  Southampton  (and  Southold);  in  1650  the  Com- 
missioners of  New  Netherland  and  the  United  Colonies  agreed  that 
the  boundary  line  between  the  two  nations  on  Long  Island  should 
be  "from  the  westermost  part  of  Oyster  Bay,  so  and  in  a  straight 
and  direct  line  to  the  sea";  this  was  ratified  by  the  States  General, 
Feb.  22,  1656,  and  they  requested  England  to  so  ratify  Jan.  23,  1664; 
England  never  did;  the  Dutch  revived  their  claim  to  the  East  End 
during  the  "interregnum,"  but  failed  in  their  attempt  to  enforce 
it  by  arms;  everything  finally  passed  to  the  English  by  the  Treaty  of 
Westminster. 


66  HISTORY    OF   Tiff-:    TOH  S    OF    SOITHAMFTON 

fraud  levelled  at  the  whites,  for  the  small  prices  given 
in  their  land  purchases,  but  as  a  rule  1  do  not  think 
either  sympathy  or  criticism  justified  on  this  point.  Mere 
land  in  itself  is  worthless.  Enormous  quantities  of  land 
have  been  sold  in  the  West  at  fifty  cents  an  acre.  The 
real  question  is  not  that  of  price,  however,  but  of  what 
the  Indians  thought  they  were  selling. 

When  the  whites  arrived,  the  native  tribes  were  all 
in  the  hunting  and  hshing  stage  with  agriculture  but 
very  slightly  developed,  and  there  was  no  such  thing,  ap- 
parently, as  the  individual  ownership  of  land  in  fee.  As 
far  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  title  was  vested  in  the  tribe, 
in  some  cases,  at  least,  remaining  in  it  even  when  con- 
(|uered.t  Individuals  possessed  only  right  of  occupancy 
to  their  wigwam  sites  or  little  fields,  given  to  them  by 
the  Sachem,  and  this  possession  was  neither  permanent 
nor  hereditary, t  but  apparently  revocable  at  pleasure. 
From  the  nature  of  the  life  which  the  Indian  led.  this 
was  all  sufficient,  and  it  is  not  likely  that  they  had  any 
notion  of  such  an  arrangement  as  permanent  individual 
ownership  in  fee.  The  so-called  Indian  "deeds"  given  by 
the  Sachems  and  their  chief  men.*  or  counsellors,  were 
probably  based  on  native  conceptions,  or  very  slight  and 
possibly  erroneous  modifications  of  them.  Moreover, 
everywhere  when  the  lands  were  originally  purchased, 

tin  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  18,  there  is  an  interesting  letter  from  Robt. 
Seelye  to  Capt.  Topping,  Aug.  25,  1663,  in  which  he  states  that  5 
Long  Island  Sachems  told  him  that  the  Montauk  Sachem  had  no 
overlordship  of  the  land  but  had  usurped  it,  and  'Uncas  did  affirm 
the  same  .  .  .  and  sayd  when  the  Indians  did  warre  and  overcome 
yet  it  was  not  their  fashone  to  take  away  the  right  of  their  lands." 

fVide,  N.  C.  Dorr,  The  Naragansetts,  Coll.  R.  I.  Hist.  Soc,  Vol. 
VII,  pp.  137-237;  James,  Eng.  Instit  and  the  Am.  Indian,  p.  8, 
says,  "Tribal  right  to  any  particular  region  .  .  .  cannot  be  said 
to  have  been  founded  on  any  stronger  basis  than  the  right  of  pres- 
ent occupancy.  Inheritance  obtained  in  a  few  instances,  but  conquest 
ordinarily  accounted  for  possession."  See  also  Rev.  Jonathan 
Bulkley,  Enquiry  into  the  Right  of  the  Aboriginal  Natives  to  the 
Lands  of  Am.,  &c.,  1724.     Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  1795. 

*Sunk  Squaws  sometimes  gave  title.  Vide  Ind.  Deed  for  Guil- 
ford, Conn.,  given  by  the  Sachem  Squaw  as  "sole  owner,  possessor 
and  inheritor."  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  IV,  p.  183.  Indian  women 
and  even  "papooses"  sometimes  united  with  men  as  grantees  or  as 
witnesses.  Vide  deeds  for  Stratford,  Conn.,  in  Orcutt's  Hist,  of 
Stratford,  Vol.  I,  passim. 


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ASTOR,   LENOX 
,1LDEN    fOUNDATlONS] 


After  a  Storm 


On  the  South  Shore 


HISTORY  OF  THE    TOli'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  67 

the  settlers  were  few  and  the  lands  were  wide,  and  it 
was  usually  not  until  some  years  later  that  their  num- 
bers became  a  serious  menace  to  the  comfort  of  the  In- 
dians, who  generally,  also,  had  retained  their  hunting 
and  fishing  privileges  in  the  lands  conveyed.  In  the 
early  days,  in  frequent  instances,  the  Indians  even 
planted  side  by  side  with  the  whites,  occasionally  shar- 
ing common  fields.  The  results  at  first,  therefore,  would 
not  lead  the  Indians  to  believe  that  in  signing  the  papers 
the  white  men  had  proffered  them,  their  Sachems  had 
alienated  their  lands  to  their  detriment  to  any  greater 
extent  than  in  formerly  revocably  allotting  them  to  in- 
dividual Indians  for  temporary  possession  and  use.  The 
settlements,  however,  increased  very  rapidly,  while  the 
Indians  were  unable  to  assimilate  the  new  civilization, 
but  retained  their  former  mode  of  life  based  upon  hunt- 
ing and  fishing.  It  is  probable  that  neither  side  under- 
stood what  the  other  thought  was  being  conveyed  when 
lands  were  originally  "sold,"  and  it  was  from  this  mis- 
understanding and  the  inevitable  march  of  events  that 
the  subsequent  troubles  everywhere  arose,  and  not  from 
any  general  attempt  to  cheat  on  the  part  of  the  whites 
or  perfidy  on  the  side  of  the  Indians.  It  is  likely,  how- 
ever, when  in  1703,  the  entire  Town  was  again  pur- 
chased from  the  latter  for  "twenty  pounds  current 
money,"  *  that  both  parties  to  the  agreement  then  had 
much  clearer  ideas  of  what  they  both  were  doing  and 
that  the  title  was  thus  finally  perfected  in  justice  as  well 
as  law. 

*Vide  Appendix  VI. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

GROWTH  AND  EXPANSION  TO  1700. 

We  have  seen  in  the  hist  chapter  how  the  httle  band 
of  colonists,  after  being  repulsed  by  the  Dutch,  came  to 
North  Sea  and  marching  south  to  the  ocean  settled  at 
/    Old  Town  in  June,  1640,  hastily  constructing  a  village  of 
"cellars"  and  log  huts,  planting  their  fields  and  welcom- 
ing additions  to  their  company  until  by  the  beginning  of 
1641    the   settlement   numbered   between   one   and   two 
hundred  persons. 

It  is  in  April  of  that  year,  that  we  find  the  first  dated 
entry  in  the  Town  Records,  and  it  leaves  us  in  no  doubt 
as  to  what  was  then  the  chief  anxiety  of  the  settlers  for 
it  reads  that  "noe  man  shall  give  or  lende  unto  any  In- 
dian or  Indians  eyther  gunnes,  pistolls  or  any  other  In- 
struments of  Warre.  ....  .upon  payne  of  the  forfeiture 

of  his  whole  personal  estate,"*  as  well  as  corporal  pun- 
ishment. Orders  were  further  given  for  training!  and 
the  following  year  every  male  inhabitant  from  the  age 
of  16  to  60  was  ordered  to  bear  arms. J  We  also  find 
"watch  and  ward"  being  kept  and  penalties  provided  for 
being  found  asleep  on  sentry  duty,  while  in  1643  it  was 
even  forbidden  to  sell  harpoons  or  fishing  irons  to  the 
Indians  as  they  "are  Knowne  to  be  dangerous  weapons 
to  offend  the  English."  § 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  22. 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  23. 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  24. 

?;   T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  27. 


THE   r!E\v  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


ASTOR,   LENOX 
TILDEN    F0UI-;DATI0NS 


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HISTORY    OF  THE    TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  69 

Nor  was  this  fear,  which  was  ever  present  with  the 
settlers  for  practically  the  entire  first  generation,  without 
a  very  real  foundation.  Constant  watchfulness  and  skillful 
diplomacy  preserved  the  settlements  from  any  serious 
attacks,  as  well  as  the  steady  friendship  of  Wyandanch 
who,  with  Lyon  Gardiner,  watched  every  shift  in  Indian 
feeling  and  policy.  Poggatacut,  however,  was  hostile  to 
the  whites,  and  many  a  brave  among  the  Shinnecocks, 
the  Montauks  and  the  Manhansetts  would  doubtless 
have  been  glad  to  have  taken  the  warpath  against  the 
new  comers,  even  the  whites  admitting  that,  in  his  en- 
deavor to  befriend  them,  Wyandanch  had  seriously 
risked  his  popularity  with  his  own  people.  The  Long 
Island  Indians,  moreover,  were  within  the  web  of  con- 
tinental policies  and  wars,  and  many  efforts  were  made 
to  rouse  them  against  the  settlers. 

Miantonomoh,  chief  of  the  Narragansetts,  by  1642 
had  become  seriously  alarmed  by  the  encroachments  of 
the  English  and  was  trying  to  effect  a  far-reaching  com- 
bination to  overwhelm  them.  So  keen  was  he  in  pursuit 
of  this  object  that  he  made  frequent  visits  to  Montauk 
to  persuade  his  old  enemy  Wyandanch  to  take  part  in 
the  attempt,  but  without  success.  On  one  occasion,  find- 
ing Wyandanch  absent,  he  appealed  directly  to  the  war- 
riors in  the  following  speech,  which  explains  why  sen- 
tries in  Southampton  that  year  were  not  to  be  allowed 
to  slumber  at  their  posts : 

"Brothers,"  thus  began  the  Narragansett  Chief  to 
the  Montauk  warriors  seated  about  him,  "we  must  be 
one,  as  the  English  are  one;  otherwise,  we  shall  all 
shortly  be  gone.  You  know  our  fathers  had  plenty  of 
deer  and  skins — our  woods  and  plains  were  full  of  deer 
and  turkies,  and  our  coves  of  fish  and  fowl.  But,  broth- 
ers, these  Englishmen  have  gotten  our  lands;  they  cut 
down  the  grass  with  their  scythes,  and,  with  their  axes, 
fell  the  trees.  Their  cows  and  horses  eat  up  the  grass, 
and  their  hogs  spoil  our  clam  beds,  and  we  shall  be 
starved.  Therefore,  stand  not  in  your  own  light,  but 
resolve  with  us  to  act  like  men.  All  the  sachems,  both 
east  and  west,  have  joined  with  us,  and  we  are  resolved 


70  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOHS   OF   SOirHAMFTON 

to  fall  upon  the  I\n^iish  at  an  appointed  time.  For  this 
l)urpose  I  have  come  secretly  to  you,  because  you  can 
persuade  the  Indians  and  sachems  of  Long  Island  to 
what  you  will,  l^rothers.  1  will  send  over  fifty  Indians 
to  Block  Island,  and  thirty  to  you  from  thence;  and  take 
an  hundred  of  Southampton  Indians,  with  an  hundred 
of  your  own  here — and  when  you  see  the  three  fires 
that  will  be  made  at  the  end  of  forty  days  hence  in  a 
clear  night,  then  do  as  we  shall  do,  and  follow,  and  kill 
men,  women,  and  children,  but  not  the  cows,  they  will 
serve  for  provisions  till  the  deer  be  increased."  + 

This  plot,  as  well  as  a  later  one  of  Ninicraft's,  was 
foiled  by  Wyandanch  and  Gardiner,  but  the  constant 
/dread  of  some  such  attack  succeeding  was  undoubtedly 
7  the  main  reason  for  Southampton's  joining  the  New 
England  Confederacy  by  uniting  itself  to  the  colony  of 
Connecticut.  That  colony,  itself  largely  from  fear  of  an 
Indian  war,  had  proposed  a  union  of  the  larger  col- 
onies in  1642  and  the  suggestion  was  given  definite  shape 
the  following  year  at  Boston  when  articles  of  confeder- 
ation were  signed  by  the  Commissioners  of  Connecticut, 
Massachusetts,  New  Haven  and  Plymouth. t  This  was 
in  May  and  in  September  we  find  in  the  Commissioners' 
Records  that  Southampton  should  be  permitted  to  join 
itself  to  Connecticut  provided  they  could  agree  upon 
terms,*  which  they  did  in  the  course  of  the  year,  linal 
ratification  to  the  union  being  given  at  the  meeting  of 
the  Commissioners  September,  1644. § 

P)y  this  important  agreement,  Southampton  became 
a  i)art  of  Connecticut,  the  inhabitants  taking  an  oath  on 
"the  greate  and  dreadfull  name  of  the  everliving  God  to 
be  true  &  faithfuU"  subjects  of  that  colony.  Home  rule 
was  amply  protected,  however,  local  courts  (with  right 
of  ai)peal  to  Connecticut  )  were  maintained,  and  the 
Town  sent  two  representatives  to  the  General  Court  at 

X  Vide  David  Gardiner's  Chronicles,  pp.  7  et  seq.  The  speech  is 
taken  from  Lyon  Gardiner's  Pequot  War   [written  about  1660]. 

t  Vide  Osp:ood,  Am.  Colonies,  Vol.  I,  Chap.  X,  and  Channing,  Hist, 
of  U.  S.,  Vol.  I,  Chap.  XV. 

*  Acts  [Plymouth  Records,  Vol.  IX],  Vol.  I,  p.  10. 
§    Acts,  Vol.  I,  p.  21.    S.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p-  31.     For  the  Articles 
of  Combination  see  Appendix  VII. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


71 


HartfordJ  until  the  violent  rupture  of  the  union  follow- 
ing the  English  capture  of  New  Amsterdam  in  1664,  as 
will  be  noted  later. 

In  spite,  however,  of  anxiety  over  the  Indians,  the 
little  communit}^  pursued  its  way,  establishing  its  gov- 
ernment, building  a  church,  appointing  a  schoolmaster, 
and  showing  various  evidences  of  vigorous  growth. 

A  church  had  been  formed,  as  we  saw  in  the  pre- 
ceding chapter,  before  the  full  number  of  colonists  had 

t  The  list  of  representatives,  made  up  from  entries  in  the  Conn. 
Col.  Records  was  as  follows: 


Mr.  Cosmore   [John  Gosmer]. 

Mr.  [Edward]   Howell. 

Mr.  Cosmore. 

Mr.  Howell. 

Mr.  Howell. 

Mr.  Cossmore. 

Mr.  Howell. 

Mr.  Cossmore. 

Mr.  Howell. 

Mr.  [Thos.]  Topping. 

Mr,  Howell. 

Mr.  Topping. 

Mr.  Howell. 

Mr.  Taping  (absent). 


Ifi^fl 

Ifi'lfi 

May  20, 

1647 

May  18, 

1648 

May  17, 

1649 

May  16, 

1650 

May  15, 

1651 

May  20, 

1652 

May  18. 

1653 

May  18, 

1654 

May  17, 

1655 

May  15, 

1656 

May  21, 

1657 

May  20, 

1658 

May  19, 

1659 

May  17, 

1660 

May  16, 

1661 

Oct.  9,  1662 

May  14, 

1663 

May  12, 

1664 

Mr.  John  Cosmore. 

Capt.  Thomas  Topping. 

Capt.  Topping. 

Mr.  [John]  Ogden. 

Mr.  Gosmore. 

Mr.  Ogden. 

Mr.  Ogden. 

Mr.   Cosmore. 

Mr.  Ogden. 

Capt.  Tappin. 

Capt.  Tho.  Tapping. 

Mr.  Ogden. 

Mr.  Topping. 

Mr.   [Thurston]   Rainer. 

Mr.    Topping,   John   Howell,   Deputy. 

Mr.   Ogden 

Mr.    [John]   Howell. 

Capt.  Thomas  Tappin. 
(  Capt.  Thom.  Topping. 
\  Mr.  John  Howell. 
(  Thomas  Hallsey,  Sr. 


72  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHS   OF   SOITHAMFTON 

left  Lynn,  the  first  minister,  the  Rev.  Abraham  Pierson, 
arrivins;-  in  Southampton  before  the  middle  of  Decem- 
ber. Just  how  early  the  first  meeting-  house  here  was 
built,  we  do  not  know  but  tradition  locates  it  on  Old 
Town  Road  near  where  the  site  is  marked,  our  earliest 
recorded  reference  to  it  being-  in  1(^45  when  it  was  or- 
dered that  it  should  be  "sweeped  upon  the  last  day  of 
every  weeke,  by  each  family  by  turns,"  and,  likewise, 
from  October  to  April  that  each  family  should  make  a 
fire  in  it  upon  the  Sabbath.  11  It  was  probably  a  small, 
perfectly- plain  rectangular  building,  as  the  second  one, 
erected  in  1651,  was  only  24x30  feet  in  size,  with  posts  only 
85^  feet  high  from  the  ground  to  the  plate. §  In  the  same 
year  that  the  new  one  was  started,  the  old  one  was  fin- 
ally bandoned,  being  given  by  the  Town  to  Richard 
Mills  as  an  addition  to  his  house  provided  that  he  should 
keep  an  inn  or  ordinary  for  strangers  for  four  years. X 
The  new  one,  though  used  for  worship  from  1653,  ap- 
parently remained  unfinished  for  many  years,  payments 
being  made  on  account  in  1667II  and  the  galleries  not 
added  until  1682.* 

This  was  built  after  the  Town,  for  unknown  reasons, 
had  moved  over  to  the  present  Main  Street  in  1648  from 
its  original  site  at  Old  Town.  Meanwhile,  as  has  al- 
ready been  noted,  Mr.  Pierson  had  gone  to  Branford  in 
1647,  the  Rev.  Robert  Fordham  taking  his  place  here 
the  next  year  and  remaining  until  his  death  in  1674.!  He 

1  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  37. 

f?   T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  74. 

X  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  90. 

II  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  26. 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  88  and  206.  It  was  located  on  the  southern 
part  of  the  homestead  of  Edwin  Post  and  opposite  the  Parsonage. 
It  is  said  to  have  been  used  from  1653  to  1707  when  a  new  church 
was  built,  tradition  relating  that  for  a  while,  services  were  held  in 
the  house  of  John  Jagger,  on  the  site  of  the  Capt.  Geo.  White 
homestead.  Register  and  Manual,  p.  6.  The  first  parsonage  was 
that  provided  for  Rev.  John  Harriman,  Apl.  12,  1675.  T.  R.,  Vol. 
IT,  p.  62. 

t  For  the  Town's  Agreement  with  Mr.  Fordham  see  Appendix 
VIII.  It  has  been  suggested  that  the  vicinity  known  as  Littleworth 
may  have  received  its  name  from  him,  that  being  the  name  of  a 
village  2  miles  from  Bedford,  Herts.  (N.  E.  Hist.  &  Gen.  Reg., 
Vol.  57,  p.  297). 


HISTORT  OF  THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  73 

in  turn  was  followed  by  John  Harriman  (1674-1676),:;: 
Seth  Fletcher  (1676- 1680), ||  Joseph  Taylor  (1679- 
1682), §  and  Joseph  Whiting  (1682-1723),  whose  pas- 
torate carries  us  into  the  next  period  of  our  history.- 
Mr.  Taylor's  salary  reads  curiously  like  a  "price  cur- 
rent," it  having-  been  £100  per  annum  "the  same  to  bee 
paid  either  in  winter  wheat  at  five  shillings  per  bushel 
or  summer  wheat  at  five  shillings  sixpence  per  bushel, 
or  Indian  corne  at  two  shillings  sixpence  pr.  bushel,  or 
tallow  at  6d.  per  lb,  or  green  hides  at  3d.  a  pound,  or 
dry  hides  at  6d,  a  lb.,  or  beef  at  fourty  shillings  a  barrel, 
or  porke  at  three  pounds  ten  shillings  per  barrel,  or  3d. 
n  pound,  or  whalebone  at  eight  pence  per  pound,  or  in 
oyle  at  thirty  shillings  per  Ijarrel."  Perhaps  it  was  some 
consolation  to  the  reverend  gentleman  to  note  that  it 
was  all  to  be  "good  and  merchantable"  and  that  it  was 
to  be  collected  by  the  constable. 

No  school  house,  apparently,  was  built  until  1664 
when  one  15x20  was  ordered  to  be  erected  at  the 
Town's  charge, t  but  there  was  undoubtedly  regular 
teaching  in  the  settlement  much  earlier,  for  Richard 
Mills  who  was  Town  Clerk  until  1650  signed  himself 
"schoolmaster."  School  in  those  days  seems  to  have 
been  a  pretty  continuous  performance,  Jonas  Holds- 
worth,  who  was  employed  by  the  Town  in  1663  to  teach 
at  £30  per  annum  being  especially  allowed  "12  days  in 
ye  yeare  liberty  for  his  own  particular  occations."* 


t  Mr.  Harriman's  pastorate  seems  to  have  been  somewhat 
stormy.  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  266.  Was  grad.  Harvard,  1667.  Moved 
to  New  Haven,  July,  1676. 

II  Moved  to  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  1680,  died  1682.  Est.  valued  at 
£559,  5,  8,  of  which  his  library  amounted  to  £175,  4,  4.  Howell's 
Hist.,  p.  102. 

§  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  75  and  82.  Was  son  of  John  Taylor,  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  who  was  Butler  of  Harvard  College.  Joseph,  born 
1651,  grad.  Harvard,  1669;  Fellow,  1673;  preached  at  New  Haven, 
1674-79;  died  Apl.  4,  1682.  Sibley's  Harvard  Graduates,  Vol.  II,  pp. 
288-290,  N.  E.  Hist.  &  Gen.  Reg.,  1901,  p.  380. 

t    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  232. 

*T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  224.  In  1694  John  Mowbrey  was  employed  at  12 
shillings  cash  "per  SchoUer,"  for  a  six  months'  term,  the  daily 
hours  being  8-11  and  1-5.    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  360. 


71  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

The  colony,  however,  on  the  material  skio  was  also 
niakins;"  headway,  the  earliest  step  toward  expansion 
having'  hecn  taken  by  the  building-  of  Edward  tiowell's 
mill  on  Benedict's  Creek  at  the  locality  still  known  as 
Water  Mill,  although  it  is  unlikely  that  there  was  much, 
if  any,  settlement  there  for  some  time. 

TJlie  first  important  oii'shoot  of  the  original  commun- 
ity was  the  planting  of  North  Sea  in  1650,!  two  years 
after  the  permanent  location  of  Southampton  village  on 
its  present  site  and  ten  years  after  its  lirst  lountling. 
During-  that  decade  there  had  been  numerous  additions 
to  the  number  of  settlers.  Josias  Stanborough  and  others 
having-  followed  the  first  comers  from  Lynn  ;ind  an  im- 
portant group  having  come  from  Hempstead,  probably 
following  the  Rev.  Robert  Fordham  upon  his  removal 
hither  from  that  place  of  which  he  had  been  one  of  the 
foimders.i  Among  those  who  came  with  him  or  sub- 
sequently were  Jonas  Wood,  Capt.  Thomas  Topping 
and  John  Ogden,  the  last  of  whom  was  the  founder  of 
North  Sea,  or,  as  it  was  occasionally  called.  Feversham.|i 

This  had  not  only  been  the  original  landing  i)lace  of 

t  East  Hampton  was  settled  in  1649  but  not  from  Southampton. 

%  Some  of  them  subsequently  had  trouble  with  the  Dutch  over 
property  left  there.  Acts  United  Colonies,  Vol.  I,  pp.  209  et  seq. 
Sept.  11,  1651,  the  Commissioners  wrote  to  the  Dutch  Governor  in 
regard  to  the  affairs  of  Mr.  Fordham,  Capt.  Topping,  John  Ogden 
and  Jonas  Wood  "believing  the  Justice  of  New  England  and  New 
Netherland  is  squared  by  one  Rule."  Ibid,  p.  210. 

II  This  is  proved  beyond  question,  1st,  by  two  maps,  the  Wells 
map  (reproduced  in  this  book),  and  the  map  of  New  England  in 
Blome's  Present  State  (1686);  and  2d,  by  Josselyn's  statement 
(Voyages,  1675)  that  "the  considerablest  Town  upon  it  [Long  Id.l 
is  Southampton  built  on  the  Southside  of  the  Island  towards  the 
Eastern  end:  opposite  to  this  on  the  Northemside  is  Feversham" 
(p.  313);  and  3d,  the  reference  to  "John  Ogden  of  Feversham,"  1663 
(T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  175).  It  was  also  occasionally  called  Northampton 
(T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  70).  The  high  sand  bluff  there  has  been  known 
from  earliest  times  as  "Homes  Hill"  (T.  R..  passim.);  "Whomeses," 
Vol.  II,  p.  326;  "Homeses  Hill,"  Vol.  V,  p.  302;  "Holmes  Hill,"  VI. 
p.  214;  "place  called  Homses,"  II,  p.  310.  In  my  opinion  it  is  named 
for  an  Indian.  Homes  meant  "an  old  man"  and  was  used  as  a  per- 
sonal name.  The  Shinnecock  Sachem  lived  at  North  Sea.  He  con- 
quered the  Accobacks,  who  then  came  to  live  with  the  Shinnecocks 
and  Montauks.  One  of  these  was  named  Homes.  (Vide,  E.  H.  T.  R., 
Vol.  I,  p.  260.)  The  frequency  with  which  the  name  appears  as  a 
possessive  points  beyond  question  in  my  mind  to  its  being  derived 
from  a  personal  name  There  was  no  white  so  named.  There  was 
an   Indian,  however,  apparently  living  at  that  place  at  that  time. 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  75 

the  first  settlers,  but  had  remained  their  port,  as  it  did 
for  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  or  more  until  Sag  Harbor 
came  iqto  general  use  for  that  purpose.  There  was  a 
mill  on  the  stream  there  from  very  early  days,  and  as  there 
were  more  or  less  frequent  arrivals  of  boats  from  other 
ports  there  may  have  been  a  few  dwellings  prior  to  1650, 
but  it  was  in  that  year  that  the  real  settlement  took 
place,  Cow  Neck  and  Jefferies  Neck  being  then  granted 
to  "Mr.  Ogden  and  his  company"  provided,  among 
other  things,  that  he  would  place  six  families  there.* 
That  its  founding  was  due  to  the  crowded  conditions  in 
the  earlier  village  and  also  to  its  advantages  as  a  trading 
port  is  shown  in  an  exceedingly  interesting  letter  writ- 
ten, almost  at  the  moment  of  its  founding,  by  Josias 
Stanborough  to  John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  which  1  give  in  full 
as  it  is  the  earliest  personal  letter  I  have  found  written 
from  Southampton. 

"To  the  worll  his  much  honrd  friend,  Mr.  Winthrope 
at  his  house  at  Pequot  theise  present. 

"Honrd  Sr, — My  service  and  salutation  prfixed  the 
God  of  all  my  mercies  recompence  yor  goodnes  &  kind- 
nes  extended  to  strangers  a  thousand-fold  into  yor 
bosome ;  for  ye  experience  I  have  had  of  yor  love  to  me 

*  This  entry  is  undated  in  the  Printed  Records,  Vol.  I,  p.  48,  but 
is  dated  Feb.  21,  1649  in  the  original  Mss.  Records,  Liber  A,  Vol.  I. 
It  reads  as  follows:  "It  is  granted  by  the  major  part  of  this  towne 
that  Mr.  Ogden  and  his  company  shall  have  Cow  Neck  and  Jefferies 
Neck  for  their  owne  proper  right,  also  that  they  shall  have  for  their 
planteing  land  in  either  or  both  of  said  necks  three  hundred  24  acre's, 
provided  they  settle  upon  it,  and  upon  the  same  grant  they  are  to 
have  all  the  meadow  betwixt  the  brooke  by  the  Sachem's  house 
[Stakes  in  Mss.]  and  Hogneck  spring,  for  their  proper  right  pro- 
vided it  bee  a  mile  from  the  sea  side,  upon  these  conditions  following 
that  they  must  pay  to  all  common  rates  of  the  towne  at  the  rate  of 
9  hundred  pounds  according  to  the  taking  up  of  those  men  that  dwell 
there,  2ndly  that  hee  shall  place  there  six  families  that  shall  live 
there  and  have  their  abode,  3d  that  in  case  that  the  whole  bounds 
of  the  toun  come  to  be  stinted  for  cattle  that  they  must  be  stinted 
also  as  they  are  that  live  at  the  towne  by  the  same  rule.  In  common 
rates  as  aforesaid  is  alsoe  included  the  ministers  meenes."  This 
settlement  differed  from  others  in  the  Town  in  that  a  separate  set 
of  Pronrietors  was  created.  For  valuable  notes  on  nlace  names  at 
North  Sea,  by  Mr.  Pelletreau,  see  T.  R.,  Vol.  VI,  p.  273.  [By  a  mis- 
print the  grant  is  there  dated  1647  instead  of  1649 — 1650  New 
Style.]  See  also  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  73,  Mar.  5,  1651,  when  the  lots  at 
North  Sea  were  exempted  from  rates. 


76  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

in  this  sorte,  assureth  nic  of  yor  pfection  in  this  grace  of 
Christ,  who  will  pfect  his  whole  worke  in  all  his  ser- 
vants; &  if  God  shall  againe  hring  yo  to  Southaini)ton, 
1  should  account  it  an  honor  to  me  to  see  you  under  my 
roofe,  &  blese  God  for  such  an  optunity  to  show  my  selfe 
thankfull  to  you  for  w^hat  I  am  ingaged.  Sr,  I  blese  God 
1  came  well  home  in  two  dayes  from  Pequot,  &  I  recn  all 
ye  psons  in  good  health,  &  was  restored  to  them  before 
expected  at  this  season  ;  c*^  there  was  nothing  of  momenr 
missing  to  me  of  all  that  God  hath  given  me,  save  that  3 
dayes  before  I  came  home  3  foolish  boyes  burnt  me  7 
loades  of  hay  &  8  of  ye  Indian  wigwams  nigh  unto  it.  I 
hope  my  cattell  will  live  without  it,  &  I  so  much  the  lese 
ingaged  to  Southampton  for  another  yeare.  I  desire  to 
heart  how  Pec|uot  &  Will  Chesbrow  psed  as  optunity 
serveth.  We  have  no  newes  heare  being  out  of  ye 
comon  roade  [or  pticular  is];  Southampt  will  be  to  strait 
[crowded]  for  Mr.  Fordams  friends.  Eastham])ton  is 
full,  &  Mr.  Ogden  begins  a  towne  on  or  north  side  for 
tradein  ;  &  the  things  that  is  sad  on  my  sj^irit  is  that  I 
cannot  see  a  way  to  bringe  to  greate  blessings  to  the 
place  of  my  rest  (to  say)  yrself  &  Mr.  Fordani ;  &  then 
all  other  questions  weare  answered.  But  that  I  be  not 
farther  tediouse  give  me  leave  to  prsent  my  kinde  re- 
spects &  my  [torn]  Mris.  Winthrop  to  Mris.  Lake;  and 
when  Mr.  Brewster  come  to  you  to  him,  &  I  rest. 

Yor  Wsps  in  any  service. 

Josiah  Stanborough. 

Southampton.  4th  April.  1650.*" 

Apparently,  five  years  after  its  founding,  the  new 
settlement  contained  one  quarter  of  the  population  of  the 
Town  if  we  are  safe  in  taking  the  thirst  for  strong  licpior 
as  the  basis  of  statistics  for  in  that  year  it  was  provided 
that  John  Cooper  should  have  the  sole  privilege  of  selling 
drink  in  Southampton,  the  total  amount  to  be  there  con- 
sumed per  annum  to  be  not  more  than  nine  ankers  while 
North  Sea  was  also  directed  to  find  a  man  to  be  licensed 

*  Winthrop  Papers,  Vol.  I,  p.  371-2.  John  Winthrop,  I  think, 
owned  the  land  transferred  Oct.  22,  1644  (T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  33)  as 
"the  Ten  Acre  lot  that  was  Mr.  Winthropp's."  By  the  above  letter 
we  see  that  he  had  visited  the  Town. 


M 
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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  77 

whose  total  sales  were  to  be  "three  ankers  by  the  yeare 
and  not  to  exceed. "f  The  little  port  at  any  rate  contin- 
ued to  prosper,  and  in  1683  Joseph  Fordham  was  granted 
permission  to  build  a  warehouse  at  the  landing  place 
there.*  Wm.  Barker,  one  of  the  earliest  merchants  of 
Southampton  already  having  one  at  Sebonack  where 
goods  were  landed  at  what  is  still  known  as  Barker's  Is- 
land. § 

Its  founder,  John  Ogden,  was  one  of  the  sort  of  men 
I  spoke  of  earlier,  prominent  wherever  he  went  but 
changing  his  residence  more  or  less  frequently  as  new 
possibilities  opened  or  his  somewhat  roving  spirit  led 
and  was  thus  an  example  of  another  type  of  that  day, 
able,  energetic  and  restless. t  Here,  too,  it  seems,  dwelt 
for  a  time  that  stormy  petrel  (not  to  be  too  hard  on  the 
bird)  of  colonial  Long  Island,  Capt.  John  Scott,  || 
whose  son,  Jeckamiah,  remained  after  his  notor- 
ious father  winged  his  way.  It  is  of  this  son  that 
tradition  relates  when  he  returned  from  New  York 
with  his  commission  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  he  rode  into 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  111.  An  interesting  reference  to  the  tavern  at 
North  Sea  occurs  in  an  official  letter  written  by  East  Hampton  to 
Southampton,  1657,  in  which  it  is  requested  that  the  meeting  place 
of  the  joint  commissioners  to  settle  the  boundary  dispute  be  the 
"ordinary  at  the  North  Sea."  This  would  seem  to  indicate  that  in- 
tercourse between  the  two  Towns  was  by  water,  not  overland — or 
perhaps  the  "cakes  and  ale"  at  North  Sea  had  a  reputation.  E.  H., 
T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  137. 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  96. 

§  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  180. 

t  Dec.  7,  1641,  he  was  in  Stamford,  Conn.,  and  was  granted  10 
acres  there  and  engaged  to  build  a  dam.  In  1642  he  agreed  with 
Gov.  Kieft  to  build  a  stone  church  in  New  Amsterdam  for  2,400 
guilders..  In  1644  he  was  one  of  the  Patentees  of  Hempstead.  Made 
freeman  in  Southampton,  1650.  (Among  others  who  went  from 
Stamford  to  Hempstead  were  Jeremy  Wood,  Jonas  Wood,  Wm.  Ray- 
nor  and  John  Fordham.  Huntington,  Hist,  of  Stamford,  pp.  19,  22, 
39).  Was  one  of  the  grantees  of  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  and  bought 
further  rights  there  1665.  A  large  number  of  Southampton  and 
North  Sea  men  moved  there.  Hatfield's  Elizabeth,  pp.  32,  61.  Was 
appointed  Schout  on  restoration  of  Dutch,  1673.  Brodhead,  Hist. 
Vol.  II,  p.  219.  He  was  also  named  in  Conn.  Charter  of  1662.  Trum- 
bull, Conn.,  Vol.  I,  p.  249. 

II  For  accounts  of  John  Scott  see  W.  Eames  in  Filling's  Bibliog. 
of  the  Algonquian  Languages,  pp.  396  et  seq;  Palfrey's  New  Eng. 
Note.  Vol.  II,  pp.  564  et  seq;  N.  E.  Hist.  &  Gen.  Reg.,  Vol.  48,  pp. 
380  et  seq. 


78  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOHS   OF    SOUTHAMPTON 

the  village  waving  it  in  the  air  and  shouting,  "Now  will 
i  make  the  Town  to  fear  me  and  North  Sea  to  tremble." 
Among  other  early  neighbors  of  this  judicious  magis- 
trate in  the  new  settlement  were  Jonas  \\  ood,  John 
Rose.  John  Jennings,  Samuel  Clarke.  Thomas  Shaw  and 
Ralph  Dayton. v^ 

Meanwhile,  the  history  of  the  Town  had  again  been 
punctuated  in  1649,  by  a  particularly  bad  Indian  scare  on 
account  of  the  murder  of  Mrs.  Thomas  Halsey.  The 
little  community  was  thrown  into  a  panic  by  this  mur- 
der, which  was  known  to  have  been  committed  by  an 
Indian,  and  a  general  uprising  was  feared.*  The  Shin- 
necocks  were  first  suspected  and  their  Sachem  called  to 
account,  but  he  either  could  not  or  would  not  give  any 
information.  Suspicion  then  turning  to  the  Montauks, 
the  Afagistrates  despatched  a  messenger  to  recjuire  the 
immediate  attendance  of  Wyandanch.  The  messenger 
arrived  at  Wyandanch's  wigwam  on  Montauk  late  at 
night,  but  the  Montauks  were  soon  roused  and  gathered 
around  their  chief,  imploring  him  not  to  go,  lest  the 
English  should  kill  him.  Wyandanch,  however,  asked 
gravely  whether  any  of  his  warriors  had  been  to  South- 
ampton within  three  days,  whether  any  one  had  ex- 
pressed hostility  to  the  English  or  had  had  knowledge  of 
the  murder  and  concealed  it,  to  which  they  all  replied  in 
the  negative. 

As  it  chanced,  Lyon  Gardiner  was  spending  the  night 
with  the  chief,  and  was  lying  within  the  wigwam  appar- 
ently asleep,  although  he  had  heard  all  of  the  conversa- 
tion.   When  it  was  repeated  to  him  by  Wyandanch,  the 

§  In  "a  list  of  ye  towne"  made  prior  to  16fi6  (in  my  opinion  about 
1659,  see  my  Memorials,  pp.  83  et  seq.)  the  following:  are  apparently 
of  North  Sea:  John  Rose.  Christooher  Luoton,  Geo.  Harris,  Richd. 
Smith,  Chas.  Sturmy  and  Sam.  Clarke  (T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  28),  to 
which  Howell  adds  Thos.  Shaw,  Benj.  Haines.  Wm.  Jennings  and 
John  Davis  In  a  whaling  list  of  1667  (T.  R.,  Vol.  II.  p.  22)  these 
same  names  appear  as  of  North  Sea  with  "Mr.  Scott"  added. 

*  The  matter  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Commissioners 
of  the  United  Colonies  at  their  meeting  in  July,  1649,  by  a  Declara- 
tion of  "Mr.  John  Gosmer  &  Thos.  Halsey"  upon  "the  danger  thay 
were  in  &  difficulties  Exposed  unto  uppon  the  late  murther  in  yt 
towne  whereby  thay  were  necessitated  to  arme  themselves  &  stande 
uppon  theire  defence  for  many  dayes."    Acts,  Vol.  I,  p.  143. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  79 

Captain  advised  him  as  the  only  means  of  curing  the  set- 
tlers' suspicions,  that  he  should  go  with  the  whites  to 
to  the  Shinnecock  Sachem  and  help  in  tracing  the 
murderer  whoever  he  might  be,  and  that  meanwhile  he 
himself  would  remain  as  a  hostage  with  the  Montauks 
for  the  good  treatment  of  the  Chief  at  Southampton.  Wy- 
andanch  went,  and  that  night  after  travelling  thirty 
miles  he  found  three  Indians  who  had  been  principals 
and  accessories  and  brought  them  to  the  magistrates  in 
the  morning,  the  trouble  having  been  caused  by  a  Pequot 
who  had  vowed  vengeance  against  the  whites  and  sacri- 
ficed the  first  victim  fate  placed  in  his  hands.  Appar- 
ently no  general  plot  of  the  local  Indians  was  in  cjues- 
tion.  II 

In  spite  of  this  reassuring  outcome,  the  following 
years  were  anxious  ones  as  to  Indian  affairs.  On  the  one 
hand  the  Dutch  were  believed  to  be  supplying  the  sav- 
ages freely  with  firearms,*  and,  on  the  other,  Ninigret 
was  attacking  the  Montauks  and  plotting  the  life  of  the 
Shinnecock  Sachem. f  Not  only  were  new  rules  re- 
garding trading  with  the  Indians  put  into  elTect  and 
watch  and  ward  were  strictly  kept  but  by  1653  matters 
had  reached  the  point  that  in  East  Hampton  no  Indian 
was  to  come  into  the  town  except  on  special  business 
and  the  sentries  were  ordered  to  shoot  to  kill  any  that 
tried  to  pass  them  after  dark. J     In   16^5  occurred  the 

II  Gardiner,  Chronicles,  pp.  31-3.  Also  Acts,  Vol.  II,  p.  98,  as 
follows:  "Soe  when  an  Engrlish  woman  att  or  about  Southampton 
was  crewelly  and  Treacherously  morthered  by  three  Indians  and  one 
of  the  onely  taken  this  Sagamore  [Wyandanch]  seized  the  other 
two  and  himself  brought  them  to  Justice  att  Hartford,  wherein  he 
gave  a  good  Testimony  of  his  fidelitie  to  the  English  and  hazarded 
the  love  and  Respect  of  his  owne  men  whoe  seldome  heare  of  such  a 
Currage  in  other  Sagamores." 

*  Sept.,  1651,  "Captaine  Tapping  and  Jonas  wood  in  theire  owne 
name  and  in  the  behalfe  of  Mr.  Fardom  and  Jobn  Ogden  and  others 
of  Southampton  by  petition,  &c.,  enformed  the  Commissioners  that 
theire  peace  is  much  endangered  by  that  large  Trade  the  Indians 
have  with  the  Dutch  in  guns  powder  and  shot  by  which  means  they 
are  at  least  ?.s  plentifully  furnished  as  themselves  as  apte  to  give 
volleys  of  shot  in  theire  entertainments"  &c.  Acts  Unit.  Col.,  Vol. 
I.  p.  209. — "because  that  the  Dutch  hath  hired  Indians  against  the 
English."    E.  H..  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  31. 

t  Acts  Unit.  Col.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  98  et  seq;  Gardiner,  Chronicles,  pp. 
34  et  sea. 

t  E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  31, 


80  msToRT  or  Tin-:  tous  of  southamffon 

bloody  attack  of  the  x\arrai;ansetts  on  the  Montaiiks, 
and  in  the  sprin^^-  of  1657  there  was  an  attack  upon 
Southampton  villa.s^e  involvino-  the  burning-  of  several 
houses,  including,'  that  of  the  widow  of  Edward  Howell, 
Init  this  seems  to  have  been  rather  the  work  of  a  few 
criminals  than  the  result  of  any  concerted  Indian  rising-.* 
Undeterred,  however,  by  the  constant  danger  of  sav- 
age foes,  the  little  settlement  continued  to  push  on  and 
extend  its  limits,  and  in  January  1653  |  if^»54  X.  S.]  there 
was  made  the  "Division  of  lande  called  Sagaponack," !' 
the  land  so  laid  out  extending  from  l'"]\ing  Point  to  the 
East  Hampton  boundary  line  and  lying  mainly  between 
IMecox  Road,  Eairfield  and  Bridge  Lanes  on  the  north 
jMid  the  ocean  on  the  south.  On  this  large  tract,  un- 
doubtedly the  first  settlement  .was  made  at  Sagg,  and 
while  the  exact  date  is  open  to  some  (juestion  I  believe 
It  to  have  been  in  May  1656,^  and  that  Josias  Stanbor- 
ough,  who  had  purchased  large  amounts  of  land  there  in 
addition  to  his  original  allotment,  was  the  first  settler. 

*  Vide  letter  of  Simon  Bradstreet,  Sept.  8,  1657,  "sumo  houses 
wilfully  and  sinfully  burnt  att  Southampton  pt[l]y  by  a  wicked 
Indian  who  wee  heare  desparately  Killed  himselfe  to  prevent  Just 
execution;  and  ptly  by  a  mischievous  Negar  woman  servant;  fare 
deeper  in  that  capitall  miscarriage  then  any  or  all  of  the  Indians." 
Acts.  Unit.  Col.,  Vol.  II,  p.  180. — On  account  of  these  burnings  a  fine 
of  £700  to  be  paid  in  7  years  (afterwards  partly  remitted)  was 
laide  upon  the  Indians  by  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies, 
and  it  is  this  which  figures  in  the  Records  in  various  connections  as 
"fire  money."    Vide,  Col.  Records  Conn.,  Vol.  I,  p.  314. 

t  Forty-one  £150  lots,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  98-100.  Apparently  no 
former  cultivation  had  taken  place  on  the  30  eastern  lots,  but  the 
remainder  is  noted  as  "Meacoxe  old  ground,"  which  indicates  prior 
cultivation. 

+  The  facts  are  these.  After  having  bought  much  land  (T.  R.,  I, 
133  et  seq)  he  sold  his  home  in  Southampton.  May.  1G56  (Ibid, 
p  135).  The  entry  (East  Hampton  boundary  dispute.  Ibid,  p.  116) 
proves  his  living  in  Sagg  Mar.,  1658  [16591.  An  entry  in  E.  H.  T. 
R.,  I,  127,  Feb.  18,  1657  [1658]  quotes  Barnes  who  "Declareth  yt  he 
beinge  at  Saggaponack  at  Mr.  Stanbarows  in  the  Spring  time;  at  yt 
time  Mr.  Stanbarow  did  speak  unto  my  mother-in-law,"  &c.  This 
was  the  spring  of  1657,  N.  S.  All  this  clearly  points  to  1656  as  the 
date  of  settlement.  His  house  stood  at  the  south  end  of  Sagg  Main 
St.,  on  what  is  still  known  to-day  as  the  "Stanborough  lot." 

Josias  Stanborough  is  first  mentioned  in  Lynn  in  1639.  (Essex 
Courts,  Vol.  I,  p.  12),  noted  as  "gone  out  of  Contry  &  pattent," 
26-10-1643  (Ibid,  p.  56).  1st  wife  was  Frances,  dau.  of  Henry 
Gransden  of  Tunbridge,  Kent   (Lechford,  Note  Book,  p.   199),  and 


HISTORY    Of   THE    TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  81 

The  old  burying  ground  is  probably  nearly  as  old  as  the 
settlement,  for  in  his  will  dated  July  6,  1661  (proved 
Sept.  3)  Stanborough  gave  his  "body  to  bee  buried  at 
Sagaponack  by  my  former  wife"  which  indicates  a  burial 
prior  to  that  date  although  the  oldest  stone  now  deciph- 
erable is  that  of  John  Topping,  i686.t  As  the  earliest 
houses  were  on  the  three  sides  of  the  lower  end  of  the 
Main  Street,  the  burying  ground  was  right  in  the  mid- 
dle of  them,  which  was  irequently  the  case  in  that  day 
from  fear  that  the  Indians  might  disinter  and  desecrate 
the  dead  unless  protected  by  proximity  to  the  living. 

Another  of  the  very  earliest  families  of  Sagg  and 
probably  among  its  founders  was  that  of  the  Toppings, 
although  I  think  it  doubtful  whether  Capt.  Thomas  Top- 
ping himself  ever  lived  there, f  though  his  son  John  did 
and  the  Captain  was  a  landowner  there  and  one  of  the 
most  prominent  men  in  Southampton  during  the  first 
generation,  as  indeed  he  was  wherever  he  lived.  From 
Wethersfield,  Conn.,  where  we  first  find  him,  he  moved 
to  Milford  and  thence  to  Hempstead,:;:  where  the  Gov- 
ernor, having  impugned  the  legality  of  some  votes  in 
Town  Meeting,  said  that  "all  that  had  been  done  since 
Capt.  Topping  went  away,  hee  looked  at  to  be  nothing." || 
He  probably  came  to  Southampton  with  John  Ogden, 
both  of  them  being  chosen  freemen  the  same  day,  March 
31,  1650,*  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  chosen  a  Magis- 
trate and  Captain  of  the  soldiers.  §He  served  many  terms 
as  representative  to  Hartford,  was  one  of  Gov.  NicoUs' 

2d,  Alee,  wid.  of  Thos.  Wheeler  of  New  Haven.  Was  one  of  repre- 
sentatives of  Southampton  in  East  Hampton  Boundary  dispute  (Col. 
Reeds.  Conn.,  I,  368).  May  have  been  son  of  Wm.  S.  of  Canons 
Ashby  (N.  E.  Hist.  &  Gen.  Reg.,  Vol.  63,  p.  166).  His  son  Peregrine 
said  to  be  first  white  child  born  in  Southampton,  but  I  doubt  this, 
as  he  did  not  eome  until  1643. 

II  For  transcripts  of  all  stones  in  this  cemetery  as  well  as  Meeox, 
Hayground,  Poxabogue  and  the  "Old"  Bridgehampton  ones,  see  my 
Memorials,  pp.  312-383. 

t  For  fuller  discussion  see  Memorials,  pp.  72-3. 

t  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  110.  The  first  volume  of  Hempstead 
Records  is  lost  but  was  in  existence  as  late  as  1875  when  Onderdonk 
described  it  as  "the  mouse  eaten  book." 

II   Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  177. 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  49. 

^   T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  67. 


82  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHN   OF    SOLTHAMFTON 

Council  in  1664,1  a  member  of  the  llempstead  Conven- 
tion,||  and  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Admiralty  1665, § 
High  Sheriff  in  1666, a  and  prominent  in  many  other  po-  ' 
sitions.  It  was  he  who  made  the  celebrated  "Topping 
I'urchase"  of  the  land  west  of  Canoe  Place,  which  re- 
mained a  matter  of  controversy  for  some  years,  but  was 
finally  turned  over  to  the  Town  and  now  forms  its  west- 
ern half.  Whether  this  dispute  had  anything  to  do  with 
il  or  n(^t,  1  do  not  know,  liut  he  subseriuently  moved  to 
Branford,  Conn.,  where  he  at  once  became  prominent 
and  where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  Dec.  1687. b 

The  third  prominent  family  in  Sagg  was  that  of  the 
Piersons,  who  did  not  come,  however,  until  after  the 
new  land  division  of  1677,  l)ecoming  in  time  the  largest 
land  owners  in  the  place.  \A.  Col.  Henry  Pierson.  the 
first  settler  of  the  name  in  Sagg  was  a  member  of  the 
Colonial  Assembly  from  1691  to  1701,  Speaker  of  the 
House  1693  to  1695,*  '^"<^l  li'i<^^  '^"  <^^lt^  experience  with 
pirates  which  will  be  told  in  a  later  chapter.  The  house 
(.f  his  grandson  Job,  on  the  west  side  of  Main  Street  near 
the  South  end  is  one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  Sagg  vet 
standing  and  is  still  owned  by  the  family,  as  is  also  the 
Topping  house  east  of  the  Burying  Ground,  likewise  in 
possession  of  descendants  of  its  original  owner.  The  L. 
Page  Topping  housef  and  the  Elisha  O.  Hedges  housed 
are  examples  of  the  earliest  type  and  may  be  two  cen- 
turies or  more  old.     Edward  Howell,  grandson  of  the 

%  Brodhead,  Vol.  II,  p.  43. 

§  Brodhead,  Vol.  II,  p.  87. 

II   Brodhead,  Vol.  II,  p.  67. 

a  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  577. 

b  For  other  references  see  Coll.  Conn.  Hist.  Soc,  III,  p.  306;  Col. 
Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  pp.  579,  581,  583,  707,  712,  Southold  and  East 
Hampton  Records;  Conn  Col.  Records  and  Acts  Unit.  Col.,  passim; 
Memorials,  pp.  70  et  seq. 

*  He  was  son  of  Henry  Pierson.  who  was  Town  Clerk  of  South- 
ampton from  1653  to  1669  and  Clerk  of  the  County  Court  1669-1681. 
Col.  Pierson's  son  David  was  also  a  member  of  the  Colonial  As- 
sembly, 1737-47,  and  his  greatg:randson  a  member  of  the  State  As- 
sembly 1850.     See  News,  May  28,  1908  and  Jan.  28,  1910. 

t  Northeast  corner  of  Sagg  Main  St.  and  East  Hampton  Road, 
ton  Road. 

§    West  side  of  Sagg  Main  St.,  second  house  south  of  East  Hamp- 


THE  MEVJ  YORK 
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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOU'N  OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON  83 

founder,  was  living  in  Poxabogue  in  1718  and  that  house 
is  still  standing  and  owned  by  his  descendants. || 

Among  other  early  settlers  were  Robert  and  Nathan 
Norris,  who  have  left  their  name  in  Norris  Lane,  Chris- 
topher Learning,  who  moved  to  Cape  May  in  1692,  Ben- 
jamin Palmer,  Joel  Burnett,  and  John  Morehouse,  while 
Daniel  Hedges,  first  of  that  name  in  the  town,  came  from 
East  Hampton  about  1707. 

Meanwhile  another  community,  known  then  and 
now  as  Mecox,  was  growing  up  somewhat  to  the  west 
of  Sagg  Pond.  The  exact  date  of  this,  as  of  the  Saga- 
ponack  settlement,  is  uncertain,  but  my  own  opinion, 
from  study  of  the  records,  is  that  it  occurred  shortly  after 
the  latter.  In  the  "List  of  ye  Towne"  already  referred 
to,  we  find  the  census  taker  enumerating  the  names  of 
Ben  Foster,  Henry  Ludlam,  Anthony  Ludlam,  Ellis 
Cook  and  Arthur  Howell  in  exactly  the  order  in  which 
they  lived  along  the  highway  in  Mecox  as  he  would  have 
followed  it  on  his  way  to  Sagaponack,  and  the  names  of 
the  men  immediately  following  were  residents  of  that 
place.  The  making  of  the  list,  therefore,  would  seem  to 
Idc  subsequent  to  the  founding  of  both  of  the  new  settle- 
ments, and  would  thus  place  an  outside  date  for  them. 
Howell,  who  dated  the  list  1657  was  not  wrong,  I  think, 
by  more  than  a  couple  of  years  or  so.* 

In  any  case,  the  Ludlams  (now  Ludlows),  Cooks, 
and  Halseys  were  undoubtedly  the  first  settlers,  fol- 
lowed later,  probably  about  or  subsequent  to,  the  time 
of  the  next  division  of  land  lying  north  of  Mecox  Road 


II  He  lived  earlier  on  the  east  side  of  the  south  end  of  Sagg  Street, 
selling  his  land  there  Jan.  30,  1713-14.  For  some  time  there  were 
Indians  living  around  Paxabogue  Pond.  "One  night  Mrs.  Hand  heard 
screams  coming  from  a  wigwam  and  went  to  see  what  the  trouble 
was.  She  found  the  Indian,  who  had  been  indulging  in  fire  water, 
with  one  hand  twisted  in  his  squaw's  hair  and  in  the  other  a  long 
black  stone  with  which  he  was  going  to  brain  her.  Mrs.  Hand  ran 
behind  him.  caught  the  stone  from  his  hand  and  ran  home.  This 
stone  was  used  in  the  Hand  family  for  three  generations  for  a 
pestle."     C.  H.  Hildreth,  in  News,  Sept.  3,  1909. 

*  For  fuller  discussions  of  this  point  see  my  Memorials,  pp.  81-85. 
The  earliest  mention  of  the  name  Mecox  is  1644  (T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  40). 
I51  1646  Edward  Howell  was  granted  4  acres  of  meadow  land  there 
(T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  98). 


S4  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHN   OF   SOUTH  AM  FTON 

in    1677.  by  the   Hildreths,   Coopers,   Newtons,   Sayres, 
Mitchells,  Rogers  and  others.! 

The  most  interesting  of  these  was,  perhaps,  young- 
Arthur  Howell,  the  son  of  the  founder  Edward  Uowell, 
who  lived  for  awhile  in  East  Hampton  after  marrying 
Lyon  Gardiner's  daughter -Mary,  who  died  in  1658 
(N.  S. )  He  left  that  village  after  her  death,  selling  his 
house  there  in  1659,  marrying  the  daughter  of  Thurston 
T'aynor,  and  it  was  at  that  time,  I  think,  that  he  settled 
m  Mecox.  As  a  young  man,  his  attractive  figure  often 
appears  in  the  Records  and  frequently  in  an  intimate 
fashion,  as  when  we  find  him  noted  as  sitting  in  the 
l)arlor  with  a  friend  smoking  a  pipe,  or  being  re- 
proved by  Mrs.  Gardiner  for  having  eaten  a  "pumkin 
porrage"  found  in  the  closet.*  This  last  episode,  ow- 
ing to  some  gossip  among  the  women,  made  a  consider- 
able stir  and  ended  in  a  suit  brought  against  the  feminine 
tattler  by  his  pipe  smoking  chum,  whose  character, 
and  so  incidentally  Howell's,  is  struck  out  for  us  in 
the  words  of  a  witness  who  testified  as  to  his  jest- 
ing that  one  should  "take  noe  heede  to  him 
for  he  will  mock  his  fTriend  in  a  merry  way." 
Young  Howell's  mind  was  occupied  with  much  besides 
pipes  and  porridge,  however,  and  he  was  one  of  the  few 
settlers  who  learned  the  Indian  language,  serving  oc- 
casionally as  interpreter  for  the  Town. 

The  oldest  houses  of  the  early  Mecox  families  still 
standing  are   probably      the    Sandford    homestead    on 

t  Anthony  Ludlam  lived  on  the  south  side  of  Mecox  Rd.,  a  little 
east  of  where  it  makes  the  sharp  bend  south  toward  Bay  Lane; 
Ellis  Cook  on  south  side  where  it  joins  Bay  Lane;  Arthur  Howell 
about  where  Mr.  Twyeflfort's  "Beach  House"  now  stands;  Thos. 
Cooper  on  the  north  side,  west  of  the  "new"  road  to  Augustus 
Cook's;  James  Hildreth,  north  side  a  little  west  of  Capt.  Stephen's; 
Benoni  Newton,  between  Cooper  and  Hildreth;  Daniel  Sayre  came 
before  1699,  John  Mitchell  between  1686  and  1705,  Jonah  Rogers 
before  1698.  Wm.  Russel  before  1683,  Samuel  Lum  before  1699; 
Ezekiel  Sanford  was  in  the  old  homestead  by,  perhaps,  1686.  The 
name  Mecox  originally  embraced  the  entire  tract  from  Sagg  Pond  to 
Flying  Point,  and  from  the  ocean  to  the  main  country  road.  "Me- 
cox Gate"  was  a  gate  which  stood  across  Ocean  Road,  just  south  of 
where  Mecox  Road  runs  into  it,  to  prevent  cattle  straying.  It  was 
maintained  until  about  40  years  ago  and  was  first  mentioned  in  1679. 
T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  183. 

*  Vide,  amusing  suit  for  slander,  E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol!  I,  p.  120. 


THE  MEV'^  ''uHK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ASTOR,   LENOX 
■nLDEN    fOUNDATlONS 


3 

a- 


HISTORY    OF  THE    TOJVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON.  85 

Bridge  Lane,  built  perhaps  about  1686  and  the  other 
old  Sandford  house  near  by  which  would  seem  to  be  of 
about  the  same  period.  The  Augustus  Cook  and  Albert 
Halsey  houses  near  the  corner  of  Paul's  and  Halsey's 
I,anes  may  be  150-200  years  old,  and  parts  of  the  pres- 
ent Cooper  homestead  on  Mecox  Road  are  probably  a 
couple  of  centuries  also,  but  it  is  impossible  to  specify 
any  dates  exactly.* 

No  traces  remain  of  the  two  earliest  mills,  one  a 
horse  mill  which  gave  its  name  to  Horse  Mill  Lane 
and  another  which  Peletiah  Fordham  had  leave  to  set 
up  near  "Calfe  Creeke  provided  he  will  pay  all  damage 
that  ye  mill  shall  doe  to  dum  cretors,  not  damnifying" 
highways. "t  The  ancient  cemetery  on  Job's  Lane  still 
remains,  however,  and  is  of  particular  interest  as  con- 
taining the  oldest  monument  of  any  sort  in  the  Town, 
being  the  stone  erected  to  the  memory  of  Anthony  Lud- 
1am  who  died  March  17,  i68i-2.:i:  Another  point  of  in- 
terest in  connection  with  Mecox  is  the  fact  that  while 
in  all  the  other  settlements  the  houses  were  clustered 
together,  presumably  for  protection,  this  was  not  the 
case  here,  each  settler  living  on  his  own  farm  and  there 
being  no  trace  of  a  compact  village  center  or  street. 

The  records  of  that  early  day  have,  naturally, 
mainly  to  do  with  the  serious  business  of  life,  but  now 
and  then  we  catch  a  glimpse  of  its  lighter  sides,  and 
our  first  recorded  "party"  seems  to  have  been  in  this 
neighborhood,  for  we  read  in  a  deposition  of  an  East 
Hampton  resident  in  1654,  concerning  a  business  trip 
to  Southampton  to  see  John  Cooper  that  on  the  way 
"we  mett  a  man,  and  after  yt  we  overtook  Captayne 
Toppine  att  Mecocks  pond  &  ther  we  stayd  &  pipt  it  & 
Drunk  of  a  bottle  of   rum."  11      How  many  a  party  else- 

*  The  "old  Haines  house"  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Henry  Corwith  and 
now  remodelled  beyond  recognition  dates  from  1679,  the  date  ap- 
pearing on  the  plate  in  an  upstairs  room.  Vide,  Memorials,  p.  218. 
The  Briggs  (Wick)  house  in  Bull  Head  may  date  from  about  1686 
in  part. 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  78. 

X  For  complete  list  of  all  inscriptions  see  my  Memorials,  pp.  325- 
330. 

II    E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  70. 


8G  HISTORY   OF   TUli    TOHS   OF   SOLTHAMHTON 

where  than  Mecox  has  also  started  from  this  same 
point  of  "we  met  a  man!'' 

The  two  communities  separated  by  Sa^g  Pond  con- 
tinued to  grow  and  prosper  and  in  1686  the  Town  auth- 
orized the  ccMistruction,  by  l\/ekiel  Sandford,  of  the  first 
bridge  across  that  sheet  of  water, §  which  a  Httle  later 
united  the  two  neighborhoods  in  name  as  well  as  fact 
under  the  present  one  of  Bridgehampton. 

At  the  same  meeting  at  which  this  Bridge  was  auth- 
orized it  was  also  voted  that  the  people  of  Sagg  and 
Alecox,  eastward  of  the  Wading  Place,*  should  be  re- 
leased from  paying  any  part  of  the  minister's  salary  in 
Southampton  "from  October  next"  provided  they  se- 
cured a  minister  of  their  own.f  This  was  in  1686,  but 
the  neighborhoods  continued  to  pay  their  rates  until 
a.nd  including  1694,$  in  which  year  the  Rev.  Ebenezer 
White II  may  have  been  secured  as  minister  being  or- 
dained here  Oct.  9,  1695.  Meanwhile  the  first  church 
had  undoubtedly  been  built  on  the  site  now  marked  by 
the  stone  monu-ment  on  Bridge  Lane  near  the  east  end 

i^  "by  the  Major  vote  that  ye  town  in  a  general  town  Rate  In- 
cluding the  whole  town  shall  pay  towards  the  building  of  a  bridge 
over  SagaponackPond  fifty  pounds  in  pay,  the  Inhabitants  of  Saga- 
ponack  and  Mecox  to  make  and  to  retain  the  said  bridge  forever  at 
their  own  charge  and  they  are  to  make  and  maintain  ye  said  bridge 
sufficient  for  either  men,  horses  or  cartes  to  pass  over."  T.  R., 
Vol.  II,  p.  110.  This  bridge,  which  stood  a  little  north  of  the  pres- 
ent one  finally  disappeared.  About  30  years  ago  Silas  Tuthill,  who 
had  come  from  Westhampton  and  bought  land  on  Smith  Corner, 
built  a  causeway,  which  went  to  pieces.  The  present  bridge  was 
built  in  1900. 

*  This  was  the  flat  extending  across  Calve's  Creek  from  about 
the  end  of  Bay  Lane. 

t  T.  R.j  Vol.  II,  p.  112.  To  this  was  added  a  vote  for  laying  out 
40  acres  in  Sagg  or  Mecox,  probably  for  Parsonage  land.  It  was 
not  laid  out. 

t  By  a  town  vote  June  23,  1691,  60  acres  was  ordered  to  be  laid 
out  to  be  improved  for  a  oarsonage.  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  126.  This  was 
done  Apl.  24,  1694  (T.  R".,  Vol  II,  p.  129),  probably  in  anticipation 
of  Mr.  White's  coming. 

II  Son  of  Ebenezer;  grad.  of  Harvard,  1692,  aged  20.  Ordained 
here  Oct.  9,  1695.  Bought  10  acres  in  Sagg,  Apl.  17.  1695  for  £50 
and  on  it  built  his  house,  torn  down  about  1856.  Tradition  states 
that  at  first  he  boarded  with  Deacon  Elnathan  Topping,  whose  dau. 
he  married.  On  May  27,  1695  the  Town  voted  him  15  acres  of  land 
where  convenient  for  him  (T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  58).  Resigned  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health,  June  15,  1748. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  87 

of  Sagg-  Bridge, §  and  three  years  later  in  a  session  of 
the  Colonial  Assembly  of  which  Col.  Henry  Pierson 
was  then  a  member,  there  was  passed,  May  i6,  1699, 
the  act  incorporating  Bridgehampton  as  a  separate 
parish. II 

Meanwhile,  however,  political  events  in  the  little 
world  of  the  Colonies  were  moving  rapidly,  and  South- 
ampton, unwillingly  enough,  was  caught  in  their  cur- 
rent. Locally  great  anxiety  and  annoyance  had  been  caused 
the  residents  of  that  and  the  other  eastern  Towns  about 
1660  by  that  arch  mischief  maker,  Capt.  John  Scott,  who 
through  fraudulent  purchases  from  the  Indians  claimed 
the  title  to  large  tracts  of  land  for  which  he  executed 
conveyances.  As  a  result  of  their  common  troubles  in 
this  connection,  the  three  eastern  Towns  sent  represen- 
tatives to  a  joint  meeting  in  1663  to  consider  not  merely 
a  method  of  extricating"  themselves  from  the  toils  of 
Capt.  Scott  but  to  endeavor  to  form  a  permanent  union 
and  if  possible  secure  a  charter  from  the  Crown.* 

§  Tradition  states  it  to  have  been  about  25  x  35  ft.  in  size,  with 
a  thatched  roof  and  a  fire  place,  and  to  have  been  built  about  1670, 
though  to  my  own  mind  the  records  point  to  about  1686.  Before 
a  church  was  built,  services  were  held  in  private  houses. 

II  This  date  was  first  correctly  given  in  my  Memorials,  owing  to 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  Peter  Nelson,  State  Archivist.  (See  discussion 
in  that  volume  of  dates  given  by  Prime,  Thompson,  Hedges,  &c.,  pp. 
186-191.)  The  Act  was  entitled  "A  Bill  to  enable  ye  Respective 
Townes.  within  this  province  to  build  and  repair  their  meeting 
houses  &  other  publick  buildings,"  and  the  clause  specifically  relat- 
ing to  Bridgehampton  was  as  follows:  the  "precinct  of  Bridge 
Hampton,  comonly  called  Sagaboneck  and  Mecoxe  within  ye  Towne 
oP  Southampton,  shall  forever  hereafter  be  Esteemed  a  Distinct 
Parish  from  ye  said  Towne  of  Southampton,  and  have  and  Injoy  all 
ye  privileges  &  Benefits  of  a  distinct  parish,  for  ye  building  and 
Erecting  of  a  publick  Edifice  with  its  appurtenances,  for  ye  pub- 
lick  Service  of  God,  according  to  ye  true  Intent  &  meaning  of  this 
Act.  And  they  are  herebv  Impowered  and  Authorized  to  Lay 
Rates  upon  their  respective  ffreeholders.  Inhabitants  and  Sojourners 
within  ye  said  precincts  of  Bridgehampton,  in  as  full  and  ample 
manner  as  if  ye  said  precinct  were  a  Separate  &  Distinct  Town 
within  this  province,  anything  Contained  in  ye  Grant  of  Southamp- 
ton to  ye  Contrary  hereof  in  any  ways  notwithstanding."  Col.  Laws 
ox  New  York,  Chap.  83. 

*  The  Southampton  delegates  were  John  Howell,  Samuel  Clarke. 
Capt.  Topping,  Rev.  Robt.  Fordham  and  John  Jessup  (in  place  of 
Thos.  Halsey,  who  refused  to  serve).  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  227-233; 
E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  211. 


SS  HISrORY    Of   THE    TOHS'   OF    SOITHAMFTON 

This  ambitious  scheme,  however,  was  brought  to 
naught  by  the  events  of  the  following  year  which  de- 
termined forever  that  these  Towns  should  form  part  of 
New  Vork,t  for  on  the  25th  of  August  1664  New  Am- 
sterdam was  forcibly  seized  by  an  Kngiish  Heet.  and  that 
province,  with  all  of  Long  Island,  was  granted  to  the 
Duke  of  \'orki  by  Charles  II  in  distinct  violation  of 
the  terms  of  the  new  Charter  granted  to  Connecticut 
only  two  years  previously  and  which  had  included  east- 
ern Long  Island  in  the  territory  of  that  Colony.* 

By  blood,  by  tradition,  by  common  origin,  by  poli- 
tical, religious  and  commercial  ties,  the  Eastern  Towns 
had  been  strongly  bound  to  New  England,  when  by  a 
stroke  of  the  pen  they  suddenly  found  themselves  sev- 
ered from  all  their  old  bonds  and  associations  and  united 
to  a  people  who  were  largely  of  an  alien  race.  English 
themselves  and  emigrants  from  New  England  colonies, 
they  would  naturally  have  turned  to  their  kinsmen,  men 
of  the  same  blood  and  of  the  same  speech  rather  than 
to  the  Dutch  at  the  west  end  of  the  Island  even  if  the 
ease  or  difficulty  of  access  to  their  respective  neighbors 
had  been  less  marked  in  comparison.  As  it  was  how- 
ever, a  few  hours  sail  through  the  Bay  and  across  the 
Sound  brought  them  to  Saybrook  and  so  up  the  inland 
waters  of  the  Connecticut  with  comparative  speed  and 
comfort,  whereas  on  the  other  hand,  New  Amsterdam, 
])eopled  I)\-  a  different  race,  under  a  more  or  less  hostile  gov- 
ernment, speaking  a  different  tongue,  was  distant  a  much 
li  nger  sail  or  a  hundred  miles  (jverland  through  almost  un- 
broken sandy  forests.il 

However,  the  force  was  overwhelming,  as  well  as 
the  new  Charter  of  the  King.    Gov.  Winthrop  of  neces- 

t  East  Hampton  did  not  wholly  relinquish  the  plan  and  brought 
it  forward  again  in  1671.     E.  H..  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  237. 

X  For  copy  of  grant  see  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  295  et  seq. 

*  Dated  Apl.  20,  1662.  Trumbull,  Hist.  Conn.,  Vol.  I,  p.  249; 
Brodhead,  Hist.,  Vol.  I,  p.  702.  In  this  Charter  John  Topping  and 
John  Ogden  were  named  among  the  Patentees. 

II  There  was  some  commercial  intercourse,  however.  See,  e.  g., 
suit  of  Balthazar  de  Haert  vs.  John  Cooper  for  "2,702  gilders  in 
seawant,"  1667.  Cooper  could  not  pay  in  wampum  and  offered 
beaver  skins  or  "Boston  silver."  New  Amsterdam  Records,  Vol. 
VI,  p.  275.    The  trading  was  apparently  all  by  boat. 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  S9 

sity  relinquished  the  claims  of  Connecticut  and  the  East 
End  was  left  to  submit  to  the  altered  and  unwelcome 
conditions.  The  new  governor,  Col.  Nicolls,  promptly 
organized  his  government,  naming  among  his  counsel- 
lors Thomas  Topping  of  Southampton  and  William 
Wells  of  Southold.*  He  also  called  for  a  meeting  of 
elected  representatives  from  all  the  Towns,  to  which 
Southampton  sent  Capt.  Topping  and  John  Howell. 

At  this  meeting,  held  March  i,  1665,  and  which 
from  the  place  of  its  sitting  has  always  been  called  the 
Hempstead  Convention,  was  passed  the  Code  known  as 
the  "Duke's  Laws,"  in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  the 
delegates,  and  Suffolk  County  was  erected  into  the 
"East  Riding  of  Yorkshire,"  practically  all  power  being 
conferred  upon  officials  who,  by  the  method  of  their  se- 
lection, would  be  subservient  to  the  governor.  More- 
over, in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  settlers  had  already 
paid  for  their  lands,  both  to  the  Indians  and  to  the 
King's  previous  grantee,  they  were  required  to  take  out 
new  patents,  and  in  1670  the  Southampton  titles  were 
declared  invalid  by  the  Court  of  Assize  unless  renewed 
under  the  new  government.! 

This  immediately  called  forth  a  vigorous  protest, 
signed  by  fifty  freemen  of  the  Town,  dated  Feb.  15, 
1670,  reciting  the  previous  purchases  and  grants,  and 
other  reasons  why  a  new  Patent  should  not  be  required, 
among  them  being  the  terse  one  that  in  the  proposed 

Patent  "people  are  enjoined  to  acknowledge that 

his  royal  highness  the  Uuke  of  York  is  sole  proprietor 
of  the  whole  Island;  which  we  cannot  consent  unto,  be- 
cause we  know  ourselves  to  be  the  true  proprietors  of 
the  lands  we  here  possess"  t  The  matter  dragged  along 
and  other  protests  were  sent  in,  as  to  taxation  for  pur- 
poses in  other  parts  of  the  Province  in  which  they  had 

*  Brodhead,  Hist.,  Vol.  II,  p.  43. 

t  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  653.  While  these  events  were  occurring 
the  Eastern  Towns  were  again  disturbed,  in  1666,  by  an  Indian 
scare,  as  a  result  of  which  all  Indians  were  disarmed  and  the  Towns 
for  a  while  in  a  state  of  panic  Brodhead,  Vol  II,  p.  156.  Council 
Min.,  Mss.,  3(2)  :52,  3(2)  :65;  Col.  Mss.,  25:209. 

X  This  document  was  unfortunately  among  the  papers  of  the 
Court  of  Assize,  destroyed  in  the  fire  at  the  Albany  Capitol. 


90  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOUS  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

no  interest,  and  especially  as  to  lack  of  representation  in 
a  General  Assembly.  These  were  declared  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  be  "scandalous,  illegal  and  seditious"  and 
were  publicly  burnt  in  New  York  City.f  In  1672,  ow- 
inc^  to  their  extreme  dissatisfaction  with  the  government 
of  Lovelace,  the  three  Eastern  Towns  sent  a  representation 
to  the  King,  praying  that  they  might,  as  formerly,  "be 
continued  under  the  Government  and  Patent  of  Mr. 
\Vinthrop,  or  else  that  they  may  be  a  free  corporation  as 
His  Majesties  subjects.":!:  but  the  petition,  of  course, 
was  not  granted. 

On  July  30th  of  the  following  year,  however,  affairs 

at  New  York  took  a  dramatic  turn  and  that  province 

W,/f  again  suddenly  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Dutch,  who 

immediately  warned  every  Long  Island  Town  to  send 

deputies  to  swear  allegiance  to  the  restored  government. 

Southampton  at  once  turned  to  Connecticut,  as  did 
also  Southold  and  East  Hampton,  for  aid  and  advice, 
but  that  Colony  at  the  moment  had  her  hands  full  with 
her  own  concerns.  In  August  the  five  eastern  Towns 
appointed  delegates  and  sent  a  list  of  demands  to  the 
Dutch  which  they  required  should  be  met  before  sub- 
mission would  be  made.*  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  one 
of  these  was  refused,  the  Town  of  Southampton,  on  the 
7th  of  September,  delivered  up  its  flag  and  constable's 
staff,  and  sent  in  nominations  for  officers  from  which  the 
Dutch  selected  Edward  Howell  and  Joshua  Barnes  for 
local  magistrates.il 

There  had  been  a  dispute,  however,  between  the  ll\  e 
Towns  and  the  Dutch  over  the  form  of  the  oath  of  al- 
legiance to  be  taken  to  the  States  General,  and  in  Oct- 
ober they  refused  to  take  it  as  prescribed  by  the  Dutch. 
Southampton  writing  that  it  could  not  abjure  its  allegi- 

t  Brodhead,  Hist..  Vol.  II.  p.  187. 

t  Brodhead,  Hist.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  172  et  seq, 

*  There  were  10  demands,  only  one  of  which,  viz:  liberty  to  pur- 
chase whaling  irons  in  New  England,  was,  for  some  odd  reason,  re- 
fused. The  delegates  from  Southampton  were  John  Jessup  and 
Joseph  Raynor.  The  five  Towns  were  Southampton,  East  Hampton, 
Southold,  Brookhaven  and  Huntington.  Demands  dated,  Jamaica, 
Aug.  14,  1673.     Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  583  et  seq. 

II    N.  Y.  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II,  p.  601. 


HISrORY  OF  THE    TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  91 

ance  to  the  English  sovereign.*  The  people  again  ap- 
pealed to  Connecticut  for  help,  as  well  as  to  Massa- 
chusetts,! and  this  time  they  were  more  successful,  Con- 
necticut pointing  out  "how  tender  wee  are  of  the  Ef- 
fusion of  Christian  blood"  yet  promising  protection  to 
its  "dear  Neighbours"  on  Long  Island. t 

On  the  last  day  of  the  month,  the  Dutch  despatched 
the  frigate  Zee-hond,  with  their  commissioners  on  board 
to  the  East  End  to  require  submission,  heading  first  for 
Southold  whither  Connecticut  had  also  despatched  Maj. 
\\  inthrop  to  assist  ni  the  defence.  The  Commissioners 
reached  Southold  and  landed,  but  the  inhabitants  re- 
fused to  take  the  oath,  and  in  the  record  kept  by  the 
Dutch  Secretary  we  read  that  there  were  also  present 
some  inhabitants  of  Southampton  "among  them  one 
John  Couper,  who  told  Mr.  Steenwyck  to  take  care  and 
not  appear  with  that  thing  at  Southampton,  which  he 
more  than  once  repeated;  for  the  Commissioners,  agree- 
ably to  their  commission,  had  intended  to  go  thither 
next  morning;  whereupon  Mr.  Steenwyck  asked,  what 
he  meant  by  that  word  thing;  to  which  John  Couper  re- 
plied, the  Prince's  flag;  then  Mr.  Steenwyck  enquired 

*  Letter  in  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II,  p.  639.     Dated  Oct.  1,  1673. 

t  "Some  persons  from  Southampton  made  application  to  the  Bos- 
ton General  Court  for  assistance,  the  messenger,  John  Cooper,  a 
resolute  man,  proposing  it  as  easy  with  100  armed  men,  to  pro- 
claim his  Majesty  in  all  the  towns  upon  Long  Island,  but  the  depu- 
ties in  the  General  Court  wholly  refused  to  engage  the  country  in 
the  undertaking."  Private  letter  of  Richard  Wharton,  Sept.  24, 
1673.     Cal.  State  Papers,  Col.  Ser.  Vol.  1669-74,  p.  525. 

X  Entry  Oct.  14,  1673,  Capt.  John  Howell,  Capt.  John  Young  and 
Mr.  James  appeared  before  the  General  Court  at  Hartford  and 
"fully  declared  unto  us  their  dolefull  and  distressed  estate  by  rea- 
son of  the  late  threats  and  usurpations  of  the  Dutch,  and  have  most 
affectionately  petitioned  us  to  afford  them  protection  and  govern- 
ment." Letter  from  Genl.  Court  to  Mass.,  Oct.  17,  Conn.  Col.  Rec- 
ords. Vol.  IL  p.  212. 

"Son— You  will  understand  by  your  brother  Palmer  more  fully 
than  I  can  write  the  pticulars  of  the  severall  motions  from  South- 
ampton &  other  townes  of  the  easterne  end  of  Long  Island  for  helpe, 
&  that  Capt.  Young.  C?.pt.  Howell  &  Mr.  James  weer  heere  lately 
.  .  .  «&  yt  thereupon  Cant.  Young  &  Mr.  Howell  went  towards 
Boston  the  end  of  last  week,  &  may  be  expected  back  the  end  of 
this  .  .  .  and  Mr.  Coopfer]  and  Mr.  James  when  they  were  here 
did  mention  for  yourselfe  to  goe  over."  Letter  John  Winthrop,  Jr., 
to  Fitz  J.  Winthrop,  Hartford,  Oct.  23,  1673.  Winthrop  Papers, 
Mass  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  Ser.  V,  Vol.  8,  p.  158. 


92  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOWN    OF  SOL  THAMFTON 

of  John  Coiipcr,  if  he  said  so  of  himself,  or  on  the  au- 
thority of  the  inhabitants  of  Southampton.  He 
answered:  Rest  satisfied  that  1  warn  you,  and  take 
care  you  come  not  with  that  VXixg  within  range  of  shot 
of  our  village."  The  next  day  the  Commission  returned 
to  New  Amsterdam,  fearing  further  attempts  "would 
do  more  harm  than  good."* 

In  February,  however,  the  Dutch  made  a  more  de- 
termined attempt  and  despatched  a  ilotilla  to  Southold 
to  try  to  enforce  obedience.  Soldiers  were  hurriedly 
sent  from  East  Hampton  and  Southampton,  the  latter  / 
a  company  of  forty  under  command  of  Capt.  John  How- 
ell, the  whole  force  at  Southold  being  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Alaj.  W'inthrop  and  the  Dutch  being  repelled 
without  loss.  H 

By  the  Treaty  of  Westminster,  signed  in  London, 
Feb.  19,  1674,  New  Netherland  again  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  English,  and  in  October  of  that  year  Ed- 
mund Andros  came  over  as  Governor.  Connecticut  and 
the  three  eastern  Towns  made  one  last  effort  to  main- 
tain their  unionf  but  without  avail  and  eastern  Long 
Island  ceased  to  be  New  England  soil.t  The  matter  of 
the  Patent  was  now  vigorously  pressed  by  the  new  gov- 
ernor and  in  spite  of  spirited  protests,  all  three  Towns 
were  forced  to  sulmiit,  Southampton's  Patent  being 
dated  Nov.  i,  1676,11  while  under  Gov.  Dongan,  again, 
only  ten  years  later  yet  another  Patent  was  required  to 
be  taken  out  and  payment  extorted. § 

*  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  II,  p.  657. 

1  For  Maj.  Winthrop's  official  report  of  the  "battle,"  Feb,  25, 
1673-4,  see  Conn.  Col.  Rec'ds,  Vol.  II,  pp.  566  et  seq. 

t  Court  of  Election,  May  14,  1674.  "This  Court  doth  nominate 
and  appoynt  Captn.  John  Howell,  Capt.  John  Younges  and  Mr.  John 
Mulford  to  be  Commissioners  for  the  townes  of  South  Hampton, 
East  Hampton  and  Southold,  and  they  are  hereby  impowered  to 
keep  a  county  court  in  these  towns  as  there  shall  be  occasion,  and 
they  are  invested  with  Magistraticall  power."  Conn.  Col.  Records, 
Vol.  11,  p.  229. 

J  The  three  Towns  protested  to  Andros,  but  like  Connecticut  were 
forced  to  yield.     Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  681. 

II  For  documents  relating  to  Patent,  and  Patent  itself  see  Ap- 
pendices IX  and  X. 

§  Vide,  Appendix  XI.  "By  the  terms  of  the  Dongan  Patent  the 
Town  was  to  pay  40  shillings  annually  as  a  quit  rent.     After  the 


».< 


Benedict's  Mill,  Water  Mill 


North  End  Burying  Ground,  Southampton 


'TPE  r.E^^  ^^^^^ 
I  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  93 

In  what  marked  the  final  settlement  of  the  Town's 
political  relations,  the  meeting  of  the  first  New  York 
Assembly  April  9,  1691,  Suffolk  County  was  repre- 
sented by  two  delegates,  Mathew  Howell  and  Henry 
Pierson,  both  of  whom  were  Southampton  men.* 

Revolution  this  was  considered  as  due  to  the  State  of  New  York 
and  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  Apl.  1,  1786,  it  was  ordered  that  the 
rents  should  be  paid  into  the  treasury  but  that  all  persons  holding 
lands  by  patent  and  by  quit  rent  might  commute  the  same  by  paying 
14  shillings  for  each  shilling  of  quit  rent.  By  this  commutation 
disappeared  the  last  shadow  of  our  colonial  form  of  government." 
Note  by  W.  S.  Pelletreau,  T.  R.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  315. 

*  Brodhead,  Hist.,  Vol.  II,  p.  642;  Smith,  Hist.,  Vol.  I,  p.  99. 


CHAPTER  \'. 

GOVERNMENT  AND  SOCIAL  LIFE 

We  have  now  followed  the  history  of  the  colony  from 
its  founding  in  1640  down  to  the  close  of  the  17th  cen- 
tury and  witnessed  its  steady  and  vigorous  growth  in 
spite  of  all  vicissitudes  and  many  changes.  Before  pass- 
ing on  to  consider  its  fortunes  in  the  succeeding  century 
and  its  greater  development  during  that  period,  let  us 
pause  to  examine  briefly  the  form  of  government  of  the 
little  community  and  the  sort  of  life  led  by  its  men  and 
women  of  those  early  days. 

Praise  has  always  been  lavished,  and  justly  so.  upon 
the  New  England  Towns  as  institutions,  yet  until  some 
thirty  years  ago  but  little  effort  had  been  made  to  trace 
or  explain  their  origin.  Local  historians  and  antic|uar- 
ians  described  their  machinery  in  great  detail  in  their 
several  localities  but  usually  assumed  as  Prof.  Adams 
said,  that  "they  are  either  the  offspring  of  Puritan  vir- 
tue and  the  Congregational  church,  or  else  that  they  are 
the  product  of  this  rocky  soil,  which  is  supposed  to  pro- 
duce free  institutions  spontaneously,  as  it  does  the  ar- 
butus and  the  oak."* 

Under  the  powerful  impetus  of  the  idea  of  evolution, 
however,  and  by  the  use  of  the  comparative  method,  tiu- 
study  of  institutional  history  has  undergone  a  profound 
change.  Town  government  has  ceased  to  be  regarded 
as  the  evidence  of  superhuman  piety  or  wit  on  the  part 
of  our  ancestors  and  has  been  fovmd  to  spring  from  root^ 

*  Adams,  Germanic  Orig.  of  N.  E.  Towns,  p.  8. 


Old  Hook  Schoolhouse,  Southampton 


Presbyterian  Church  of  1707,  Southampton 


Tr^T7  ntv^  vop^^ 

pubI-ic  ubrary 


IrlLDtN 


HISTORY  OF   THE    TOWN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON  95 

reaching  into  the  rich  soil  of  ages  gone,  down  through 
J{ngHsh  history,  the  earher  Teutonic  stages  on  the  con- 
tinent into  the  depths  of  our  earHest  Aryan  past.*  Such 
an  apparently  trifling  institution  as  the  village  pound  for 
stray  cattle  was  found  to  be  older  than  the  Kingdom  of 
llngland,  while  the  Town  Meeting  and  the  Town  officers 
all  had  their  prototypes  in  other  ages  and  in  other  lands. 

The  most  immediate  sources  from  which  our  local 
institutions  derived  were  naturally  the  similar  ones  with 
which  the  first  settlers  were  familiar  at  home  in  the 
"towns"  and  "parishes"  of  old  England, t  although,  of 
course,  no  model  was  transplanted  in  its  entirety.  No 
two,  perhaps,  were  exactly  alike  in  the  older  country, 
and  local  conditions  would  tend  to  modify  them  here, 
while  too  much  stress  can  be  laid  upon  even  apparent 
continuity,  the  minds  of  individuals  of  the  same  race 
seeming  to  react  in  more  or  less  the  same  way  to  the 
same  needs  and  circumstances  so  that  even  among  a 
group  of  boys  in  the  19th  century  ancient  and  even  com- 
plicated forms  of  land  ownership  were  found  to  spring- 
up  almost  spontaneously.  + 

The  coincidences,  however,  are  too  complete  and  too 
detailed,  and  the  continuity  too  well  established,  to  now 
leave  doubt  but  that  our  local  town  governments  are  the 
legitimate  descendants  of  earlier  institutions  to  be  traced 
down  the  great  dividing  streams  of  Aryan,  Teutonic  and 
I'mglish  history.  In  some  cases  indeed  they  were  reviv- 
als of  those  partially  lost  to  the  England  of  the  col- 
onising period,  so  that  Prof.  Freeman  writes  that  "the 
most  notable  thing  of  all,  yet  surely  the  most  natural 
thing  of  all,  is  that  the  New  England  settlers  of  the 
seventeenth  century  largely  reproduced  English  institu- 
tions in  an  older  shape  than  they  bore  in  the  England  of 


*  Among  other  references  see  Freeman,  Introd.  to  Am.  Institut. 
Hist.;  Adams,  Germanic  Origins;  Foster,  Town  Govt,  in  R.  I.; 
Adams,  Village  Communities;  Maclear,  Early  N.  E.  Towns;  Chan- 
ning,  Town  and  County  Govt.;  Howard,  Local  Constit.  Hist,  of 
U.  S,     The  last  has  an  exhaustive  bibliography,  pp.  475-498. 

t  It  must  be  remembered  that  in  England  a  Parish  was  more  a 
political   than  an  ecclesiastical  division. 

X  See  the  fascinating  essay  by  John  Johnson.  Rudimentary 
Society  among  Boys.    J.  H..  U.  S.,  Ser.  H.  No.  11. 


nC)  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

the  seventeenth  century.  They  gave  a  new  hfe  to  many 
things  which  in  their  older  home  had  well  nigh  died  out. 
The  necessary  smallness  of  scale  in  the  original  settle- 
ments was  the  root  of  the  whole  matter.  It,  so  to  speak, 
drove  them  l)ack  for  several  centuries;  it  caused  them  to 
reproduce,  in  not  a  few  points,  not  the  luigland  of  their 
own  day,  but  the  England  of  a  far  earlier  time.  It  led 
them  to  reproduce  in  many  points  the  state  of  things  in 
old  Greece  and  in  medieval  Switzerland.*" 

If,  however  ,in  its  general  structure  of  local  govern- 
ment, the  line  of  descent  is  clearly  marked  as  noted 
above,  due  weight  must  be  given  to  yet  another  source  of 
contemporary  influence  at  the  time  the  colonists  came 
here,  and  to  which  not  only  are  some  of  the  most  char- 
acteristic American  institutions  due,  such  as  our  laws  for 
the  sale  and  registry  of  land,  its  inheritance,"!'  religious 
liberty  and  our  free  school  system,  but  to  some  extent 
also  the  spirit  animating  the  working  of  all  the  institu- 
tions of  colonial  and  subsequent  days.  This  was  the  in- 
fluence of  Holland,  which  at  the  time  of  the  American 
settlement  was  the  freest  and  most  cultured  country  of 
the  old  world.  % 

In  an  earlier  chapter  I  have  already  touchetl  upon 
the  question,  so  far  as  space  permitted,  of  the  common 
land  system  w'hich  formed  the  basis  of  all  New  England 
Towns,  tracing  it  back  to  the  Teutonic  mark  and  show- 
ir.g  its  connection  with  some  earlier  Aryan  system  as  in- 
dicated by  similar  institutions  in  India.  The  Town  Meet- 
ing has  a  like  line  of  descent  and  is  the  inheritor  of  the 
old  questions  and  old  debates  of  the  early  "folknioot"  of 
our  primitive  ancestors. 

These  meetings  were  attended  by  all  the  inhabitants 
of  the  Town  and  all  could  express  their  opinions  upon 

*  Freeman.  Introd.,  p.  15. 

t  Campbell,  Puritans,  Vol.  I,  p.  30,  quotes  Daniel  Webster  as  say- 
ing: that  the  land  of  an  intestate  in  Colonial  New  England  was  di- 
vided equally  among  the  children.  This  was  not  the  case  here, 
the  law  of  primogeniture  prevailing.  See  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  287,  case 
of  Henry  Ludlam,  and,  Ibid,  p.  290,  case  of  Edward  Howell.  In 
both  instances  the  property  passed  to  the  eldest  son  by  law,  both 
of  whom,  then,  shared  voluntarily  with  the  other  children. 

+  For  an  extreme  but  interesting  presentation  of  this  point  see 
Campbell,  Puritan  in  Holland,  England  and  America,  2  vols. 


THE  NEV/  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


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HISTORY    OF   THE    TOM'N   OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON  97 

the  questions  at  issue.  From  this  it  must  not  be  inferred 
that  all  had  an  equal  voice  in  the  Town's  affairs,  a 
marked  distinction  existing  between  freemen  and  non- 
freemen  here  as  elsewhere,  the  freemen  forming  a  small 
select  group  within  the  body  of  inhabitants,  there  being  in 
Southampton,  for  example,  in  the  earliest  dated  list  of 
"perfect  freemen"  which  we  have,  that  of  1649,  ^^^^t 
sixteen  names.  §  Throughout  New  England,  only  the 
freemen  as  a  rule  could  vote  for  magistrates  and  depu- 
iies,  although  all  the  inhabitants  could  vote  for  minor 
officers*  and  on  most  of  the  remaining  Town  business. f 

Citizens  were  required  to  attend  Town  meetings  un- 
der penalty  of  fine,  and  likewise  to  vote  on  every  ques- 
tion either  for  or  against. t  It  was  not  even  optional 
whether  one  should  permit  one's  self  to  be  elected  a 
freeman  or  not  for  in  1647  it  was  decreed  that  "if  any 
man  be  chosen  to  bee  freeman  of  this  towne  shall  refuse 
it,  shall  pay  40  shillings  for  his  fine."|| 

The  Town  meeting  was  at  once  the  Executive,  the 


§  These  were  Edward  Howell,  Gent;  Richard  Odell,  Gent;  Wil- 
liam Browne,  Job  Sayre,  Thos.  Talmage,  John  Gosmer,  Gent;  Thos. 
Halsey,  John  Cooper,  Edward  Johnes,  Richard  Smith,  John  White, 
John  Moore,  John  Howell,  Thos.  Sayre,  Josiah  Stanborough  and 
Richard  Barrett.     T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  56. 

*  "The  liberties  of  the  freemen  .  .  .  are  chiefly  these,  1.  To 
chuse  all  magistrates,  and  to  call  them  to  account  at  their  general 
courts,  2.  To  chuse  such  burgesses  every  general  court  as  with  the 
magistrates  shall  make  or  repeal  all  laws."  Hazard,  Hist.  Coll.,  Vol. 
I,  pp.  379-80. 

t  The  qualifications  of  a  freeman  in  Conn,  (of  which  Southamp- 
ton was  then  a  part),  Oct.  9,  1662  were  that  he  must  be  "of  a  Civil 
peaceable  &  honest  Conversacon  according  as  our  Royall  Sov- 
eraignes  will  is  his  subjects  should  Demeane  themselves:  And  the 
persons  prsentinge  themselves  are  of  the  age  of  21  years  and  have 
£20  estate  beside  their  persons  in  the  Comon  list,  And  that  such 
persons  soe  Qualified  to  ye  Courts  approbacon  shalbe  prsented  at 
ye.  Court  in  October  yearly  or  at  some  adjourned  Court  and  to  be 
admitted  at  the  Generall  Session  in  May  ensuinge."  Oct.  Session 
Genl.  Assembly,  Hartford,  1662. 

There  was  also  the  further  distinction  among  residents  as  be- 
tween Proprietors  and  Inhabitants,  or  Commoners  and  Non-Com- 
moners (in  reference  to  proprietary  interest  in  undivided  land). 

t  Every  man  "shall  give  his  vote  and  Suffrage  eyther  against  or 
for  any  such  matter  and  not  in  any  case  to  be  a  neuter."  T.  R., 
Vol.  L  V.  30. 

II    T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  49. 


98  HISTORY    UF   Til  J:    Tail  S    oj-   SOl  THAMFTON 

Legislature  and  the  Judiciary.  It  was  not  onlx  the  loruni 
for  all  tlebate  but  the  General  Court  which  was  enipow  - 
ered  among  other  things  "to  call  and  ordayne  Magis- 
trates and  other  officers",  "to  ordayne  Ministers  of  jus- 
tice to  attach,  fetch  and  sett  persons  before  the  Magis- 
trates and  to  execute  the  Censures  of  the  Court  upon 
the  ollenders,"  "to  make  and  repeale  Lawes",  "to  im- 
pose a  levy  of  Monnies  for  the  publick  service",  antl  "to 
heare  and  determine  all  causes  whether  civill  or  crim- 
inal wherein  ap[)eale  shall  be  made  unto  them  or  which 
they  shall  see  cause  to  assume  in  their  cogniscence  and 

Judicature."! 

As  a  matter  of  fact  no  list  of  powers  would  suffice  to 
state  wdiat  it  could  do.  for  it  was  in  itself  the  supreme 
power.  By  force  of  circumstances  there  was  nothing 
higher  to  appeal  to,  and  although  I  could  readily  cover 
several  pages  enumerating  things  it  did  do.  it  would  not, 
1  think,  be  overstatement  to  say  it  could  and  did  do 
everything  which  a  sovereign  power  untlcr  the  condi- 
tions of  time  and  place  would  find  it  necessary  or  con- 
venient to  do.  It  laid  out  land,  made  grants,  directed 
highways,  tried  civil  and  criminal  cases,  enforced  punish- 
ments, levied  fines  and  taxes,  appc^inted  delegates  to 
Connecticut,  administered  estates  and  appointed  guard- 
ians, built  a  prison  and  a  church,  controlled  the  whaling 
enterprise  and  legislated  as  to  the  trespassing  of  "littlj 
pigges",  regulated  relations  with  the  Indian  tribes  and 
arranged  for  sweeping  out  the  meeting  house,  and  so  on 
through  an  infinitude  of  matters  great  and  small. 

One  of  these  duties  was  to  decide  upon  the  accept- 
ance or  rejection  of  new  comers.  Even  in  the  case  of 
transient  strangers  bonds  were  required  from  their 
hosts,*  but  a  ])ermanent  resident  or  a  land  owner  was  a 
much  more  serious  matter,  and  we  find  as  early  as  1665 
that  it  was  ordered  "that  noe  Inhabitant  within  the 
boundes  of  this  towne  shall    sell    his    house    and    land    ny 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  25  et  seq. 

*  "If  any  person  shall  entertain  any  stranger  or  transient  person 
for  more  than  twenty  days,  he  shall  give  a  bond  to  the  Town  Clerk 
to  save  the  town  from  all  damage,  or  pay  40s.  for  each  twenty  days 
default,  except  such  person  bring  to  the  town  with  them  £20 
value."    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  181. 


pSbIic  library 


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Edwin  Halsey  House,  Southampton 
CHofori'  it  was  inuved  liack  of  Plerrick'.s  store) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  99 

any  part  thereof  unto  any  person  yt  is  a  forrainer,  at  any 
time  henceforward  except  the  person  bee  such  as  the 
town  do  Hke  of."t  This  power  was  constantly  exercised 
(as  well  as  the  correlative  one  of  banishment)  and  was 
not  only  common  throughout  New  England  ,T1  but  like 
all  the  elements  of  Town  administration  is  an  interesting 
survival,  for  under  the  mark  system  no  stranger  could 
settle  within  its  limits,  build  himself  a  house  or  buy  th»; 
share  of  another,  without  the  consent  of  the  mark  moot 
or  village  court.  § 

Besides  the  General  Court,  it  was  early  ordered 
(1641  )  that  there  should  be  four  Quarter  Courts  a  year, 
in  March,  June,  September  and  December,*  and  dignity 
and  good  order  were  expressly  provided  for.  ||  A  Grand 
Jury  was  also  formed  to  bring  indictments  as  well  as  a 
Petty  Jury  for  trial  cases,  the  number  of  jurymen  vary- 
ing from  time  to  time.  Almost  every  matter  in  the 
Town  was  decided  by  majority  vote,  and  for  long  this 
held  in  the  juries  as  elsewhere. rjl 

t  T.  R..  Vol.  I,  p.  111. 

I  Vide  Maclear,  N.  E.  Towns,  pp.  133  et  seq;  also  Eggleston  Land 
System,  pp.  48  et  seq.  "In  the  villae:e  communities  of  Russia,  a 
man  may  not  sell  his  house  and  land  to  one  who  is  a  stranger  to 
the  'mir'  without  the  consent  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  village,  who 
have  always  the  right  of  pre-emption.  Similar  rules  prevailed  in 
Germany,  France  and  Ireland;  and  the  rights  of  the  inhabitants  of 
a  village  to  reclaim  land  in  case  of  sale  to  a  stranger  is,  according 
to  Laveleye    [La  Propriete  primitif]    found   everywhere." 

§  Stubbs,  Constit.  Hist.,  Vol.  I,  p.  58.  This  right  existed  later  in 
the  court  baron  and  customary  court  of  the  English  Manor.  Ibid, 
p.  96. 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  24.  To  expedite  special  cases,  a  Court  could 
be  convened  by  making  a  payment.  This  was  known  as  a  "Pur- 
chased Court." 

II  Thus  "noe  person  .  .  .  shall  speake  .  .  .  unless  he  bee  un- 
covered .  .  .  during  the  time  of  his  speech,  and  not  to  move  or 
speake  to  any  other  matter  or  business,  until  the  former  matter  in 
hand  be  ended."    T.  R.,  Vol.  I.  p.  37. 

t  I  do  not  know  what  method  of  voting  was  used.  Paper  ballots 
were  first  used  in  America  in  1629  (unknown  in  England  until  1872, 
although  used  in  Holland  at  time  Pilgrims  were  there.  Campbell, 
Vol.  II,  pp.  430  et  seq).  It  was  provided  for  in  the  "Fundamental 
Orders"  of  Conn.,  1639,  and  so  was  probably  used  here.  The  only 
description  of  the  taking  of  an  early  vote  here  which  I  have  found, 
however,  was  that  of  the  choice  of  Mr.  Taylor  for  minister  in  1681 
when  it  was  "manifested  personally  by  the  towne  In  general.  In 
congregating  themselves  or  gathering  together  to  one  side  of  the 
meeting  house."     T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  268.     In  East  Hampton  it  was 

83882i 


100  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOlf'N   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

Magistrates  were  appointed  by  the  General  Court 
from  the  very  beginning,  and  were  always  men  of  the 
highest  standing  in  the  community, ||  frequently  serving 
for  long  terms.  It  was  soon  found  here,  as  universally 
throughout  New  England,  however,  that  at  least  some 
of  the  powers  of  the  Town  Meeting  must  be  delegated  to 
a  smaller  group,  for  the  prompt  and  efiicient  despatch  of 
business,  and  for  the  sake  of  having  some  authority  able 
to  act  between  the  meetings,  and  so  "the  five  men  that 
are  chosen  to  order  towne  affayres"  early  appear. §  They 
were  elected  annually  and  their  number  occasional!)' 
changed,  as  in  1649  when  it  was  ordered  that  "three  men, 
viz. :  Mr.  Richard  Smithe,  Thomas  Sayre  &  John  White 
[are]  to  agitate  towne  business  and  they  are  to  have 
the  same  authority  that  the  five  men  had  the  last  yeare, 
from  the  6th  of  this  instant  October  dureing  the  space  of 
a  whole  yeare."* 

by  raising  hands.  "Nov.  2,  1652.  It  is  ordered  yt  every  man  shal 
vote  by  holdinge  up  his  hands  eyther  with  or  against  in  all  matters 
upon  penalty  of  payinge  6d  the  thinge  being  before  Deliberately 
Debated."    E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  28. 

II  As  to  their  duties  it  was  ordered,  Jan.  2,  1641,  that  'The  Magis- 
trates sliall  governe  according  to  the  Lawes  now  established,  and  to 
be  established  by  Generall  Courts  hereafter,  they  and  eyther  of 
them  shall  be  able  to  send  out  warrants  to  any  officer  to  fetch  any 
delinquent  before  them,  and  examine  the  cause,  and  to  take  order 
by  suretyes  or  safe  Custody  for  his  or  theire  appearance  at  the 
Court.  And  further  to  prevent  the  offenders  lyeing  in  prison  yt 
shall  be  lawful  for  the  Magistrates  or  eyther  of  them  to  see  exe- 
cution don  upon  any  offender  for  any  crime  that  is  not  Capitall  ac- 
ccrdinge  to  the  Laws  established  or  to  be  established  in  this  place." 
T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  25.  The  General  Court  was  called  by  order  of  a 
Magistrate.  Ibid.  The  list  of  early  Magistrates  as  compiled  by 
Howell,  p.  56,  is  as  follows:  1640-46,  Edward  Howell  and  part  of 
the  time  Daniel  How  and  John  Gosmer;  1647-9  inclusive,  Ed- 
vvard  Howell  and  John  Gosmer;  1650  an  1  1651.  Edward 
Howell,  Thos.  Topping  and  John  Ogden;  1652  and  1653,  Edward 
Howell,  Thos.  Topping  and  John  Gosmer;  1654,  John  Gosmer,  Thos. 
Topping,  Thurston  Raynor;  1655,  John  Gosmer,  Thos.  Topping,  John 
Ogden;  1656,  Thos.  topping,  John  Ogden;  1657  and  1658,  John 
Ogden,  John  Gosnter,  Thurston  Raynor;  1659,  Thos.  Topping,  Rich'd 
Barrett,  John  Ogden;  1660,  Thos.  Topping,  John  Ogden;  1661.  Thos. 
Topping,  Thurston  Raynor,  John  Ogden,  Rich'd  Barrett;  1662,  Thos. 
Topping,  John  Ogden;  1663,  Thurston  Raynor,  John  Howell,  Rich'd 
Barrett;  1664,  Thos.  Topping,  John  Howell,  Thurston  Raynor. 

§  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  42,  43,  45,  46  (4  men);  50,  57  (3  men);  66  (5 
men);  72,  76,  86,  90,  94,  97  (3  men),  etc.  For  a  long  account  of 
their  origin  see  Howard,  pp.  74-88. 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  I.  p.  57. 


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Sandf  1)1(1  Homestead,  Bridgehampton 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN   Oh    SOUTH  AM  FTON  101 

As  need  arose,  other  officers  were  early  appointed, 
such  as  marshall,t  Secretary  or  Clerk  of  the  Band,:}: 
Town  Clerk,||  Captain  of  the  Train  Band,  Constables^ 
Layers  out  of  Land,  Cow  Keepers,  Overseers  of  the 
Poor,  Recorders  of  Cattle,  Notary  Public,a  Recorder  of 
Lands, b  etc.  One  of  the  most  interesting-  offices,  from 
its  extreme  antiquity  as  well  as  colonial  importance,  was; 
that  of  Fence  Viewer  or  Haywarden,c  of  which  Prof. 
Adams  writes,  "Old  Homer's  ancient  men,  watching 
from  the  walls  of  Troy  the  conflict  of  human  cattle,  were 
hardly  more  ancient  than  this  time  honored  agrarian  of- 
fice. The  swineherd  of  Odysseus  was  a  near  kinsman  of 
the  Saxon  hayward.  The  office  had  nothing  whatever  to 
do  with  haying,  or  with  grass  lots,  as  the  name  might  at 
first  seem  to  imply.  It  is  derived  from  the  Saxon  Hege 
(German  Hag,  English  hedge)  and  means  the  warden  of 
the  hedges  or  fences.  Many  German  places  derive  their 
names  from  the  hedge  with  which  they  were  originally 

surrounded In  fact  the  word  town  means  only  a 

place  that  is  hedged  in."*    It  is  thus  of  some  interest  to 

t  "Yt  is  ordered  that  for  the  warneing  of  Juryes  that  the  Mar- 
shall upon  a  warrant  from  a  Magistrate  shall  doe  yt,"  &c  ,  1641. 
T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  23.  "Yt  is  ordered  that  the  Marshall  shall  have  two 
shillings  six  pence  for  the  serving  of  every  execution  that  shall 
bee  to  the  value  of  twenty  shillings  and  under."  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  23. 
"Executions  shall  bee  by  the  Magistrate  or  Magistrates  directed 
unto  the  Marshall  shall  be  leaned  by  the  Marshall,"  &c.,  1643,  T.  R., 
Vol.  I.  p.  29 

%  T.  R..  Vol.  I.  p.  23. 

II  "Ye  Secretary  shall  have  four  shillings  per  ann.  for  keeping 
the  towne  book,  but  nothing  for  the  keeping  of  General  Courts," 
1647.     T.  R..  Vol.  I.  p.  27. 

§  Richard  Smith  was  chosen  1650.  The  next  year  Jonas  Wood 
was  chosen  but  refused  to  serve  and  was  fined  £5  (fine  remitted). 
Richard  Post  was  chosen  in  his  place.  1652,  Jonas  Wood;  1654, 
Ellis  Cooke. 

a  1668,  "Henry  Pierson  was  chosen  to  keepe  the  records  of  ye 
cattle"  and  "was  sworn  to  the  office  of  publique  notary  ye  1st  of 
June,  '68  the  oath  being  administered  to  him  by  Capt.  Topping." 
T.  R..  Vol.  II.  p.  50 

b  "Richard  Mills  recorder  of  the  lands  of  this  town  shall  have 
two  pence  for  every  paper  drawne,"  &c.     T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  73. 

c  T.  R..  Vol.  I,  p.  128;  Vol.  II,  p.  234,  &c. 

*  "from  the  old  German  Zun  or  Tun,  modern  German  Zaun,  mean- 
ing a  hedge.  The  office  of  hayward  was  originally  constabulary  in 
character.  He  was  appointed  in  feudal  times  in  the  Court  Leet 
...    or  popular  court  of  the  Norman  Manor  and  English  parish, 


102  HISTORY    OF   THE    TO  UN   Ot   SOUTHAMPTON 

point  out  that  in  the  early  days,  and  indeed  down  to  Rev- 
olutionary times  and  somewhat  later,  the  country  side 
was  well  bordered  with  hedges  of  privet  or  "prim",  their 
great  destruction  at  the  end  of  the  i8th  century  having 
been  for  the  rather  odd  reason  of  public  health,  their 
odor  being  considered  dangerous. f  Perhaps  this  ex- 
plains an  entry  in  the  East  Hampton  tax  budget  for  1713, 
wherein  an  allowance  of  4s.  6d.  was  made  to  Frances 
Shaw  "for  cutting  up  stinking  weeds. ''J 

Another  survival  from  very  ancient  times,  and  one  of 
the  functions  of  Town  government,  was  that  known  as 
viewing,  or  perambulating,  the  bounds.  In  the  days  of 
the  mark,  solemn  processions,  which  later  acquired  a  re- 
ligious character,  were  held  twice  yearly,  to  restore  such 
boundary  marks  as  might  have  become  destroyed,  and 
also  to  fix  the  bounds  in  the  memory.  This  custom  was 
continued  in  England,  Christian  ceremonies  replacing 
the  heathen  sacrifices  after  the  conversion  of  the  people 
but  the  object  remaining  the  same.  The  whole  popula- 
tion turned  out,  especially  as  many  boys  as  possible  as 
their  memories  could  be  counted  upon  to  last  longer.  In- 
deed the  German  custom  was  to  spank  them  soundly  at 
the  boundary  marks  to  impress  the  location  on  their 
minds.  In  the  procession  the  bounds  were  followed  ex- 
actly, over  fences,  houses  or  any  other  obstructions,  the 
populace  scrambling  over  walls,  up  and  down  ladders, 
across  roofs,  in  a  sort  of  glorified  game  of  "follow  mv 
leader."*  Although  maintained  in  this  country,  it  early 
became  the  work  of  a  few  to  whom  the  task  was  dele- 

thus  coming:  down  into  the  parish  life  of  New  England."  Adams, 
Villagre  Communities,  p.  47. 

t  There  are  frequent  references  to  hedges,  thorn  and  other,  in 
the  early  records.  Gardiner,  Chronicles,  p.  110,  says  that  about 
the  end  of  the  Revolution  the  privet  hedges  were  all  cut  as  people 
thought  their  blooms  contributed  to  the  consumptive  and  intermit- 
tent fevers  then  prevalent.  In  East  Hampton  642  persons  died  in 
the  24  years  ending  1775  and  only  405  in  the  next  30  years. 
Beecher,  Sermon,  p.  17,  states,  "the  cause  of  this  surprising  cliange 
is  ascribed  by  many  to  the  death  of  the  prim,  which  constituted  a 
principal  pari;  of  the  fencing  of  the  town;  all  of  which  died  suddenly 
and  unaccountably,  about  the  time  that  the  favorable  change  took 
place." 

%  E.  H.  T.  R.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  312. 

*  Vide    Howard.    Local    Constit.    Hist.,    pp.    214-225. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  103 

^^ated.  For  example,  we  read  under  date  of  June  7,  1721, 
that  "Justice  Cooper  shall  take  two  young  men  with  him 
and  visit  ye  Bound  Tree  about  five  miles  beyond  Parker's 
and  set  their  names  upon  said  tree  in  order  to  keep  said 
Bounds  in  memory. "f  Of  these  Bound  Trees  in  the 
older  country,  Smith  writes  that  "in  many  places 
throughout  England  there  are  ancient  trees,  or  the 
places  where  they  once  stood,  known,  each,  by  the 
name  of  'gospel  oak" They  were  called  thus,  be- 
cause when  the  parish  bounds  were  gone  round,  the 
people  halted  at  each  mark  and  a  religious  sanctity  was 
given  to  it  by  the  denunciation  there  of  curses  upon  him 
who  should  remove  the  landmark.  It  is  not  unworthy  of 
note  that  while  superstitious  ceremonies  were  so 
strongly  censured  at  the  time  of  the  Reformation,  the 
important  and  vital  ceremony  of  perambulation  was  ex- 
pressly excepted."'* 

It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  book  to  give  a  de- 
tailed description  of  all  the  machinery  of  town  govern- 
ment. Such  an  essay  might  well  grow  into  a  volume  of 
its  own,  but  enough  has  been  told  to  give  a  general  idea 
of  its  form  and  also  to  show  that  here  were  no  startling 
innovations,  no  new  ideas  put  forth  by  the  genius  of 
f'*ontier  statesmen,  that  the  minds  of  the  settlers  in 
crossing  the  ocean  did  not  "sufifer  a  sea  change  into 
something  rich  and  strange"  but  that  they  merely  con- 
tinued here  institutions  which  in  many  cases  for  untold 
ages  had  been  the  common  heritage  of  the  race,  modi- 
fied by  the  new  circumstances  of  wilderness  and  savage 
foe  and  of  living  under  a  superior  authority  so  distant  as 
to  be  almost  negligible. 

Closely  allied  with  the  question  of  Town  govern- 
ment was  that  of  the  Church,  though  Church  member- 
ship was  never  here  made  one  of  the  necessary  qualiti- 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  174.    There  are  earlier  references. 

*  Smith,  The  Parish,  quoted  in  Howard,  p.  217.  The  "Duke's 
Laws"  (1665)  expressly  provided  for  triennial  perambulations,  and 
in  succeeding  years  the  question  of  enforcement  frequently  came 
up  in  the  Court  of  Assizes.  Thus.  1666,  "the  Law  for  Towne 
perambulacons  to  be  duly  attended";  1669,  "Bounds  of  Every 
Parish  to  be  perambulated  according  to  Law";  1672,  "Perambulacon 
of  Towne  bounds  reinforced  according  to  Law."  N.  Y.  State  Hist. 
Kept.,  Col.  Ser.,  Vol.  L  p.  341. 


104  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOWN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

cations  of  a  freeman,  as  it  was  in  Massachusetts.  Pay- 
ment of  rates  for  the  support  of  the  minister  was  obli- 
gatory upon  all,  however,  just  like  the  taxes  for  any 
other  purpose,  and  the  contracts  with  the  ministers 
were  entered  into  by  the  Town  and  not  by  the  Church 
as  a  separate  body.*  It  is  probable  that  the  early 
churches  here  were,  strictly  speaking,  neither  Congre- 
gational nor  Presbyterian,  but  as  Dr.  Whitaker  called 
them  "Town  Churches",  or  "Civil  Government 
Churches."!  They  were  state  churches  in  so  far  as  the 
entire  community  was  taxed  for  their  support,  but  the 
degree  of  religious  conformity  required,  which  varied  in 
different  parts  of  New  England,  was  apparently  not 
very  great  in  Southampton.  That  there  was  a  very 
considerable  amount  of  liberty  of  thought  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  throughout  the  entire  Records  there  is  not 
a  single  entry  to  indicate  coercion  of  individuals,  penal- 
ties for  those  holding  different  views,  or  legislation  di- 
rected against  any  sect  whatever,  +  while  we  have  seen  in 


*  For  examples  of  such  contracts  see  Appendices  VIII  and  XII. 

t  The  oldest  two  churches  in  the  Town  are  the  present  Presby- 
terian Churches  in  Southampton  village  and  Bridgehampton,  al- 
ready mentioned.  The  Reg.  and  Manual  of  the  former  (prepared 
by  the  Session)  states  that  it  was  originally  "Independent"  in 
form;  that  like  some  of  the  early  Congregational  chui"ches  it  may 
have  had  5  orders  or  officers  but  there  is  no  evidence.  The  name 
Presbyterian  was  first  used  in  1712.  After  1760  the  title  Deacon 
appears  on  tombstones,  Elder  not  found  until  first  election  about 
1792.  Sept.,  1716,  the  church  presented  to  the  Presbytery  of  Phila. 
their  call  for  service  of  Samuel  Gelston  and  "promise  to  subject 
tliemselves  to  the  Presbytery  in  the  Lord."  It  is  certain  since  1716 
it  has  continued  Presbyterian.  First  meeting  of  the  Presbytery  of 
L&ng  Id.  was  probably  held  at  Southampton,  Apl.  17,  1717. 

In  Bridgeh.,  Parsonage  Land  was  voted  1712  to  "a  Presbiterian 
Minister  and  noe  other."  Minister  Brown  was  ordained  by  the 
Presbytery  but  Mr.  Woolworth  by  a  Council.  On  their  tombstones 
the  first  two  are  called  "Pastors  of  the  Church  of  Christ"  (1756  and 
1788),  the  third,  "Pastor  of  this  Congregation"  ( 1821 ) .  and  the  fourth 
"4th  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church"  (1823).  At  first  the  only 
officers  were  Deacons.  For  lists  of  Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  two 
churches  see  Reg.  &  Manual  and  Hedges  Bi-Centennial  Address. 

X  Apparently  the  highest  town  officers  might  be  under  Church 
censure  and  still  exercise  their  office,  e,  g.,  "March  16,  1643,  John 
Moore  was  censured  for  saying  Daniel  How  [then  a  Magistrate] 
did  usurpe  the  execution  of  the  place  of  Magistracy  hee  then  lyein 
under  Church  censure,  not  being  then  deposed  or  degraded  from  the 


HISTORY   OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  105 

a  previous  chapter  that  it  was  the  community's  sense  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty  which  led  to  the  withdrawal 
of  its  first  pastor. 

The  few  banishments  which  occurred  in  the  East 
End  Towns  seem  to  have  been  based  upon  the  question 
of  the  offenders'  morals  and  lack  of  qualities  of  a  good 
citizen  rather  than  upon  any  religious  differences,  but 
even  had  it  been  otherwise  here,  as  it  was  in  some  New 
England  communities,  we  should  not  sneer,  as  historians 
have  sometimes  done,  at  those  who  came  to  secure  re- 
ligious freedom  and  in  turn  denied  it  to  some  extent  in 
others.  Those  engaged  in  the  work  of  laying  the  found- 
ations of  a  new  civil  and  religious  polity  should  not  be 
blamed  for  refusing  to  passively  watch  others  sap  those 
very  foundations  which  they  were  attempting  to  build 
up  at  the  expense  of  so  much  they  had  held  dear.  Nor 
was  their  attitude  either  hypocritical  or  disingenuous. 
We  must  not  forget  that  in  all  ages  as  one  of  the  wisest 
of  English  statesmen  and  authors  has  said  "men, 
whether  as  bodies  or  individuals  pick  out  as  much  from 
principle  and  its  plainer  corollaries,  as  convenience  and 
their  purpose  needs.  The  possible  limitations  of  logical 
inference  are  widened  or  narrowed  or  thrust  aside  point 
blank,  just  as  actual  necessity  dictates."* 

These  words  have  also  another  application  in  ref- 
erence to  the  early  settlers  who  have  so  often  been  pic- 
tured as  gloomy,  as  austere  and  as  stern  in  their  lives  as 
fanatical  in  their  religion.  He  can  little  understand  the 
period  or  human  nature  who  holds  this  view.  Their 
M^ork  was  stern  and  their  theology  as  well,  but  their 
lives,  like  ours,  were  filled  with  the  satisfaction  of  honest 
work  and  with  the  sweetness  of  love  for  their  wives,  ten- 
derness for  their  children,  and  the  joys  of  friendship. 
They  might  listen,  as  in  a  later  generation,  to  sermons 
of  thunderous  eloquence  on  the  "Eternity  of  Hell  Tor- 
ments," but  they  still  felt  the  freshness  of  the  world  in 
spring  and  the  winter's  toil  sent  the  blood  gaily  through 

same,  And  to  confesse  his  fayling  yf  hee  shall  bee  at  the  next  quar- 
ter Court."  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  27.  Moore  evidently  tried  to  place  the 
church  above  the  state  and  failed. 

*  Viscount  Morley.     Politics  and  History,  p.  58. 


100  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH.X  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

their  veins.  Beneath  man's  opinions  and  behefs  there 
Hes  ever,  less  touched  than  an  exclusive  interest  in  the 
former  would  lead  us  to  believe,  the  eternal  sprinos  of 
liis  nature. 

The  Sabbath,  however,  as  was  customary,  was 
sirictly  observed,  although  penalties  for  its  breach  were 
rarely  laid,ll  and  it  began,  as  elsewhere  in  New  England, 
at  sundown  on  Saturday.!  The  congregation  was  called 
to.  church  by  beat  of  drum,  as  we  learn  from  many  en- 
tries, such  as  that  regarding  Thomas  Sayre  in  1648,  he 
being  "alowed  for  his  basse  drumme  the  some  of  13s. 
<'ind  his  yeare  begyneth  the  sayd  daye."*  This  later 
gave  place  to  a  bell,  which  was  again  replaced  by  a  bet- 
ter one  imported  from  England  in  1694,  both  of  which 
served  also  the  purpose  of  a  curfew,  being  rung  every 
evening  at  nine  o'clock  until  after  the  Revolution.  Be- 
fore a  separate  church  was  provided  for  in  Bridgehamp- 
ton,  the  inhabitants  of  that  section  used  to  walk  or  ride 
horseback^  to  the  Southampton  services,  along  the 
beach,  except  when  the  seapoose  was  running  when  they 
travelled  along  Mecox  Road  and  over  the  Wading 
Place.  As  I  raise  my  eyes  from  writing  and  look  across 
to  that  road,  it  seems  as  though  1  might  almost  see  the 
shadowy  forms  of  the  Stanboroughs,  the  Toppings  and 
others  in  their  quaint  old  clothes,  the  men  habited  in 
that  "sufficient  coslet  [corselet]  of  clapboard  or  other 
wood"  which  they  were  required  by  law  to  wear,  their 

II  Mar.  18,  1697-8,  John  Parker  was  fined  6  shillings  for  Sab- 
bath breaking.  T.  R..  Vol.  V.  p.  157.  June  9.  1663.  "Mr.  John 
Laughton  complained  to  the  Cort  that  there  was  a  Saboth  breach 
and  felony  committed  in  Mr.  John  Ogden's  house"  [Note  added]. 
"July  1,  63,  Mr.  Laughton  acknowledged  his  miscarriage  before  our 
magistrate,  as  alsoe  that  hee  knew  nor  could  prove  any  such  facts 
committed."    T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  30. 

t  Of  this  custom,  Mather,  speaking  of  John  Cotton,  says,  "The 
Sabbath  he  began  the  evening  before;  for  which  keeping  of  the  Sab- 
bath, from  evening  to  evening,,  he  wrote  arguments  before  his  com- 
ing to  New  England;  and  I  suppose,  twas  from  his  reason  and 
practice  that  the  Christians  of  New  England  have  generally  done 
so  too."    Magnalia,  Vol.  I,  p.  278. 

*  T.  R..  Vol.  I.  p.  .52. 

X  The  riding  is  affirmed  by  a  local  authority,  but  the  following 
brief  entry  would  seem  to  cast  some  doubt  upon  it.  "fine.  Paid  by 
Thomas  Byfield  for  riding  on  the  Sabbath  5s  6d."  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p. 
164. 


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THE  KEV^  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ASTOF?,  -LENOX 


HISTORY    OF  THE    TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  107 

fl.int  lock  muskets  over  their  shoulders,  their  women  and 
children  riding  pillion  or  trudging  beside  them,  and 
keeping  wary  eyes  towards  the  woods  on  the  north  in 
that  lonely  stretch  from  Arthur  Howell's  to  Ellis  Cook's. 
Numerous  entries  prove  the  constant  fear  of  surprise, 
such  as  that  "all  men  i6  to  60  yeares  except  Magis- 
trates, ministers  and  Constable  and  clarke  shall  bare 
armes  with  guns  powder  and  shot  compleat  on  the 
Lord's  dales  upon  paine  of  sixpence  fore  noon  and  six- 
pence after  noon,  and  whoso  leaveth  his  armes  in  the 
meeting  house  shall  pay  sixe  pence."* 

The  Meeting  House  was  long  the  center  and  gath- 
ering point  of  the  village  life,  and  public  notices  were 
always  posted  there  or  nailed  on  its  door  to  the  beating 
of  a  drum,t  until  1710  when  it  was  "ordered  that  Oba- 
diah  Rogers  shall  make  and  set  up  a  post  upon  ye  Green 
against  ye  meeting  house  to  set  papers  upon."$ 

One  of  the  most  thorny  and  difficult  questions  in 
connection  with  Christian  life  in  New  England,  appar- 
ently, was  always  that  of  seating  the  congregation  in 
due  order  of  social  and  spiritual  precedence,  and  as  it 
always  bulked  so  large  in  life  a  little  space  may  be  given 
to  it  here.  Its  importance  may  be  gauged  from  the  first 
entry  which  I  have  found  in  regard  to  it,  and  which  is 
as  follows :  "It  is  ordered  that  Mr.  Justice  Topping,  the 
constable  &  overseers  attended  by  Henry  Pierson  shall 
appoynt  all  the  Inhabitants  of  this  towne  their  proper 
and  distinct  places  in  the  meeting  house  on  the  Lords 
day  to  prevent  disorder."  ||  What  disposition  they  made 
of  the  matter  does  not  appear,  but  undoubtedly  the  fun- 
damental one  of  dividing  the  men  and  the  women  as 


*  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  46.  Also  Ibid,  p.  38,  "the  one  side  of  the  town 
shall  beare  Armes  on  the  Lord's  daye,  And  the  other  side  of  the 
town  shall  beare  Armes  the  next  Lord's  daye."  This  was  in  an  in- 
terval of  unusual  security. 

t  "setting  up  their  order  or  orders  on  the  meeting  house  post  at 
vc  beat  of  ye  drum,  the  same  shall  bee,  and  bee  accompted  suf- 
ficient and  iawfull  publishment  thereof."  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  234. 
Vide  also  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  169. 

%  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  page  168. 

II  T.  R,  Vol.  II,  p.  74.    Nov.  5,  1679. 


lUS  IIISTOKY    OF   rilL    TOHS    OF  SOL  THAMFTOX 

distinctly  appears  in  an  almost  contemporary  decision 
on  the  same  subject  in  East  Hampton. f 

This  was  also  so  in  later  times,  Judge  Hedges  giving 
the  following  account  of  seating  in  the  second  church 
edifice  in  Bridgehampton,  which  probably  followed 
earlier  precedents.  "There  were  no  aisles  in  the  gal- 
leries. The  seats  there  were  partitioned  in  front  across 
the  middle  as  the  dividing  line  between  the  sexes.  They 
were  six  in  number,  extending  without  a  break  along 
the  sides  and  front  of  the  House.  Over  the  gallery 
stairs  were  pews,  square  and  with  seats  all  around  ex- 
cept at  the  doors.  Both  above  and  below  the  seats  were 
open  and  free.  The  assessors  who  fixed  the  rates  to  be 
paid  the  minister  at  the  yearly  meetings  directed  the 
place  where  heads  of  families  should  sit.  The  old  and 
honored  in  front,  and  the  younger  in  the  rear.  Thus, 
the  young  passed  from  the  seats  for  children  in  the  aisles 
below  to  those  back  in  the  galleries,  thus  to  the  front 
seats  there,  then  in  advancing  years  to  the  seats  in  the 
rear  below;  and  if  living  to  old  age,  moved  perhaps  to 
the  very  front.  Thus,  it  often  happened  that  by  suc- 
cessive changes  from  childhood  to  age,  persons  had 
passed  through  the  entire  routine  of  seats  from  the 
smallest  to  the  most  honorable.  When  no  rule  of  seat- 
ing prevailed,  the  elder  often  occupied  the  middle  of  the 
meeting  house,  the  younger  deferring  to  them,  took  rear 
seats,  and  thus  the  rear  became  crowded  and  the  front 
unoccujiied.  The  order  of  seating  while  remedying  thi> 
evil  created  another.  Some,  thinking  themselves  as  old. 
as  honorable,  rich  and  deserving  as  others  who  were  pre- 
ferred in  seats,  left  the  meeting  house  entirely.  So  that 
in  1816  all  the  seats  on  the  lower  floor  were  removed, 
pews  put  in  their  place  which  were  yearly  hired  at  auc- 
tion, wherewith  the  minister  was  paid.  Even  this 
change  so  offended  a  few  that  they  forsook  attendance 
on  the  church."* 

If  the  small  size  and  isolation  of  these  earlv  com- 


t  "the  pews  in  the  meeting  house  shall  be  seated  with  men  at  the 
West  end,  and  with  women  at  the  East  end  of  said  house."  The 
Committee  who  settled  the  question  in  that  Town  received  20  shill- 
ings each  for  their  trouble.    E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  387. 

*  Hedges,  Bi-Centennial  Address,  p.  7. 


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HISTORY    OF  THE    TOWN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON  109 

munities  accounts  for  much  in  their  revival  of  earher 
forms  of  local  government,  it  also  made  for  much  that 
y^e  today  vv'ould  consider  petty  in  their  mental  life,  but 
which  in  reality  was  not  so.  For  the  most  part,  as  far  as 
topics  of  thought  and  conversation  went,  the  settlers 
were  living  in  a  world  of  their  own  in  which  everything 
in  the  daily  life  of  the  colony  naturally  assumed  enor- 
mous importance  from  there  being  no  standard  other 
than  that  of  local  interest.  Thus,  the  position  of  the 
leaders  of  the  settlement  in  relation  to  its  social  life 
was  as  great  as  that  of  the  leaders  of  public  life  in  Eng- 
land in  relation  to  their  environment  and  to  this  may 
readily  be  traced  the  fondness  for  titles  of  courtesy  or  of 
office  which  we  find  so  plentifully  carved  upon  the  old 
tombstones.  These  men  were  the  leaders  of  their  little 
world  and  well  entitled  to  their  hardly  earned  and 
usually  deserved  distinctions,  distinctions  it  must  be  re- 
membered far  more  surely  indicative  of  individual  worth 
than  those  gained  in  a  more  complex  civilization. 

This  over-emphasis  on  local  affairs  and  the  magni- 
fying of  small  matters  which  loomed  so  large  in  their 
limited  range  of  interest,  with,  perhaps  unconsciously 
the  added  strain  to  nerves  of  living,  actually  and  metaph- 
orically, under  arms,  accounts  also  I  think  for  the  in- 
numerable petty  law  suits  for  trespass,  slander,  etc.,  so 
characteristic  of  this  early  period. 

As  to  the  important  matters  of  marriage  and  burial, 
the  Town  accounts  tell  us  much  of  the  latter  but  noth- 
ing of  the  former,  the  obvious  reason  being  that  while 
paupers  might  be  buried,  they  were  never  married,  at 
the  expense  of  the  community !  We  do  know,  however, 
that  the  performance  of  the  marriage  ceremony  was  a 
function,  not  of  the  clergy  but  of  the  civil  magistrates 
cind,  at  least  in  East  Hampton,  even  of  the  Selectmen.* 
Of  the  cost  of  burials  we  get  frequent  glimpses,  as  "paid 
to  John  Maltbie  for  60  nails  and  making  John  Davis, 
coffin  and  the  trouble  of  burial,  6s.  9d."t  and  "To  a  wind- 
ing sheet  for  John  Davis  7s.  6d."  as  well  as  "To  drink 

*  "It  is  ordered  that  anie  of  the  tliree  men  shall  have  power  to 
marrie  during  the  yeare."    Nov.  17,  1651.     E.  H.  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.20, 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  164  (1701). 


110  HISTORY  OF  THE  TO  UN  OF  SOLTHAMPTOX 

£it  his  laying  out  and  burial  3s.  iy2d.,''  while,  a  few  years 
later,  the  Town  again  becomes  indebted  "for  Rum  at 
Hankstons  burial   2  shillings."  H 

Rum  makes  its  frequent  appearance  and  fines  for  "be- 
ing droncke",  it  nmst  be  confessed,  were  collected  with 
some  frequency,  it  remaining  here  as  elsewhere  for  a 
new  social  outlook  to  materially  reduce  this  vice.  Liquor 
was  always  sold,  and  its  sale  regulated  both  as  to  quan- 
tity and  price,  at  the  inns,  or  "ordinaries,"  as  they 
were  called,  of  the  day,  the  first  of  which,  as  we  have 
already  seen,  was  kept  by  Richard  Mills,  former  Town 
Clerk  and  schoolmaster,  in  return  for  the  gift  to  him 
of  the  old  church  building  in  165 1.  From  time  to  time 
various  ones  were  "prevailed  upon"  to  act  the  host, (it 
was  evidently  not  a  much  desired  of^ce)*  in  one  case  it 
being  specified  that  "victuals  and  lodgings  is  only  for 
strangers  except  it  bee  for  towne  dwellers  upon  court 
days  and  training  days."t 

We  must  remember  that  at  that  time  there  was  little 
other  stimulant  for  either  body  or  mint!,  there  being  as 
yet  no  cotTee  or  tea  and  but  very  little  sugar,  although 
tobacco  was  raised  from  the  earliest  daysi  and  pipe 
smoking  was  common.  There  were  no  newspa])ers  or 
libraries  and  but  few  families  had  any  books.  Occasion- 
ally found  valued  in  the  inventories  of  the  time  as 
"books"  or  "a  few  old  books",  their  titles  are  rarely 
given  but  when  we  do  find  them  they  invariably  indi- 
cate a  decidedly  solid  religious  content.  Thus,  Caleb 
Horton  of  Southoid  in  i6l)L)  bequeathed  to  his  son  "one 
Bible  &  a  commentary  on  ye  ten  commandments  t^  a 
book  entitled  ye  Excellency  of    holy    carriage    in    evil 

II   t.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  169. 

*  "It  is  ordered  that  whereas  Tho.  Goldsmith  is  prevailed  by  the 
town  to  keep  an  ordinary  in  this  towne,  there  is  no  person  shall 
rctaile  any  liquors  or  wines  or  strong  drink  within  the  bounds  of 
this  plantation  but  hee  the  said  Thomas  Goldsmith  upon  penalty  of 
ten  shillings  per  quart."  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  96.  The  custom  of  drink- 
ing rum  at  a  house  raising  was  also  old.  E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  Ill,  p. 
415,  1725.  Also  Ibid,  Vol.  V,  p.  573  in  which  is  the  record  of  the 
death  of  an  8-year-old  child  from  drinking  liquor  at  the  raising  of 
the  windmill. 

t  T.  R..  Vol.  I,  p.  120. 

t  Southoid,  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  239  and  415. 


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Old  Southampton  Academy 


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HISTORY    OF   THE    TOIVN  Oh   SOUTHAMPTON  111 

times  by  Mrs.  Burroughs  also  a  sermon  book  by  Mr. 
Jeremy  Turner,"  ||  and  Lyon  Gardiner  in  a  letter  to 
John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  in  1650  in  reference  to  securing  a 
clergyman  for  his  island  wrote  that  "being  he  is  but  a 
yong  man,  hapily  he  hath  not  manie  books,  therefore  lei 
him  know  what  I  have.  Firste,  the  3  Books  of  Martters, 
Erasmus,  moste  of  Perkins,  Wilsons  Dixtionare,  a  large 
Concordiance,  Mayor  on  the  New  Tstement;  some  of 
theas  with  othar  that  I  have,  may  be  ucefull  to  him."t 

Business  dealings  between  the  three  Towns  on  the 
part  of  a  few,  whose  names  constantly  appear,  seem  to 
have  been  fairly  frequent,  but  of  social  intercourse  there 
was  evidently  little  during  all  this  first  period,  John  L. 
Gardiner  writing  in  1798$  that  "tradition  informs  us 
that  before  East  Hampton  people  built  their  first  grist 
mill  (which  went  with  cattle),  they  went  to  Southamp- 
ton to  mill  and  carried  their  grain  on  the  back  of  a  bull 
that  belonged  to  the  town  (for  the  use  of  their  cows)* 

One   might   suppose   that   East   Hampton   might 

have  been  settled  from  Southampton  but  the  method  of 
pronunciation  is  quite  different  although  the  towns  join. 
An  East  Hampton  man  may  be  known  from  a  South- 
ampton man  as  well  as  a  native  of  Kent  in  England  may 

be  distinguished  from  a  Yorkshire  man Very  little 

intercourse  took  place  between  the  two  towns  before  the 
Revolutionary  War;  since  that  visits  and  intermarriages 
are  more  frequent." 

Intercourse  was  probably  hindered  by  the  bad  roads, 
along  which  even  two  centuries  later,  progress  could  be 
made  only  with  painful  slowness,  although,  even  early, 
attempts  were  occasionally  made  to  remedy  them,  as  in 
1677  when  Gov.  Andros  ordered  that  "ye  new  way  de- 
signed and  ordered  in  Governour  Nicolls  time  through 
the  middle  of  the    Island,  from  Huntington  eastward  to 

II   Early  Long  Id.,  Wills  of  Suffolk  County,  Pelletreau. 

t  Winthrop  Papers,  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll..  Ser.  IV,  Vol.  VII,  p.  59. 

:i:  Observations  on  the  Town  of  East  Hampton,  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc. 
Coll..  18fi9,  p.  232. 

*  The  "town  bull"  long  remained  here  and  elsewhere  as  an  in- 
stitution, appearing  in  the  E.  H.  T.  R.,  as  late  as  1834,  Vol.  IV,  p. 
493. 


112  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOUS   ()[■   SOL  THyJM/'TON 

Southampton  and  Southold  bee  not  only  remarked  but 
sufficiently  cleared  of  brush. "'  + 

The  earliest  permanent  dwellings  were  all  of  unv 
type  which  remained  unchanged  in  style  for  a  hundred 
years.  This  was  the  type  of  the  Thomas  Sayre  house  in 
Southampton  village,  built  in  1648  and  torn  down  in 
191 2,  at  which  time  it  was  said  to  be  the  oldest  frame 
building  in  the  state  of  New  York.*  Tradition  also  af- 
firms that  it  was  the  first  frame  building  in  the  Town, 
built  when  all  the  other  houses  were  still  log  huts.  Ori- 
ginally single,  it  was  made  into  a  double  house  at  the 
end  of  its  first  century,  and  as  shown  in  the  illustration, 
was  of  the  type  still  familiar  to  us  in  the  Sandford  and 
other  houses  of  the  period.  ||  This  type  was  of  two 
stories  in  front  and  frecjuently  less  than  one  behind,  with 
an  entry  and  parlor  in  front  and  a  kitchen  taking  u\) 
half  the  rear,  and  a  bedroom  and  pantry  the  other  half. 
the  ceilings  as  a  rule  being  seven  feet  high.  In  a  double 
house  this  plan  was  practically  doubled,  the  kitchen  re- 
maining as  a  single  room  twice  the  original  size.  The 
front  room,  or  parlor,  in  which  the  wainscoating 
was  usually  painted  blue,  was  lit  by  two  small  w  indows 
with  6x8  glass,  the  size  being  limited  by  the  expense. 

Outside  the  building  was  unpainted,  usually  shingled 
with  3-foot  cedar  shingles,  an  inch  thick  at  the  butt,  and 
also  roofed  with  shingles  although  thatch  was  used  a  I 
first. t     In  at  least  one  old  house,  known  as  the   l'*ngic 

X    Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  729. 

*  Other  old  houses  of  Southampton  village  were  the  "Hollyhocks" 
(the  old  Isaac  Halsey  house)  toward  the  south  end  of  Main  St.,  now 
the  oldest  house  standing,  the  Edwin  Halsey  house  (moved  back 
of  Herrick's  store),  the  Maj.  Samuel  Bishop  house  in  North  End, 
Chas.  S.  Halsey's,  off  Bowden  Square;  Wm.  S.  Pelletreau's,  Ed.  P. 
Huntting's,  Jas.  E.  Foster's  (now  moved),  old  Foster  Homestead, 
South  End,  H.  P.  Fordham's,  Jas.  Marshall's  (Irving  Annex),  Stan- 
borough  house.  Elias  Howell's.  Mrs.  H.  F.  Herrick's  and  David 
White's. 

Quite  a  number  of  the  older  houses  have  been  so  remodelled  as  to 
be  almost  unrecognizable  inside  and  out. 

II  It  stood  next  to  the  Municipal  Building  and  in  its  existence  of 
264  years  was  never  sold,  but  always  descended  in  the  family. 

t  The  18-inch  shingle  seems  to  have  came  in  about  the  end  of  the 
18th  century.  See  advertisement  in  Frothingham's  Long  Island 
Herald,  1797,  in  which  both  3-foot  and  18-inch  shingles  are  offered. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  113 

house  in  Sagg,  it  was  found  that  the  shingles  were  set 
in  pitch.  X  There  were  always  two  nails  to  a  shingle 
and  these,  like  the  bolts  and  locks,  were  hand  wrought. 

The  chimneys  and  fireplaces  ||  were  enormous  masses 
of  brickwork,  and  took  up  much  of  the  space  in  these 
small  houses,  making  of  the  hall  a  mere  entry,  while 
"the  front  stairs  zig-zagged  and  turned,  and  wound  and 
squirmed  toward  the  upper  rooms."  The  very  earliest 
chimnies  of  all,  which,  of  course,  have  not  survived, 
were  made  with  wooden  frames,  lathed  and  heavily 
plastered  inside  and  out,  they  being  said  to  be  "catted" 
when  lathed,  and  "daubed"  when  plastered.  It  is  needless 
to  say  that  with  such  chimnies  and  many  thatched  roofs, 
fire  w^as  an  ever  present  danger  and  we  find  many  regu- 
lations in  regard  to  them,  such  as  March  19,  1665,  when 
it  was  "ordered  that  two  men  shall  go  tomorrow  morn- 
ing and  view  the  Chimnies  in  ye  town,  and  they  shall 
give  warning  to  ye  owners  of  such  chimnies  as  are  in 
their  Judgment  to  bee  pulled  down  and  made  new,  that 
they  pull  down  such  their  Chimnies  within  six  days,  and  . 
make  them  probably  safe  from  chance  of  firing,"  etc.* 

How  soon  bricks  came  into  general  use  for  chimneys, 
T  do  not  know.  The  first  brickmaker  was  John  Berwick, 
who  lived  in  Mecox,  and  frequent  transactions  with  him 
are  on  record,  of  which  the  earliest  I  have  noted  is  of 
y\ug.  27,  1677,  in  which  1-3  of  Lot  No.  12  at  Mecox  is 
given  for  "a  parcel  of  brick. "f  The  old  bricks  were 
more  irregular  in  form  than  our  modern  ones,  as  well  as 

X  Now  the  summer  residence  of  Wm.  C.  Engle,  Esq.  When  it  was 
being  altered  in  1909,  a  bundle  of  papers  was  found  under  the  floor 
of  the  attic,  consisting  of  deeds,  bills,  a  letter,  &c.  They  related 
to  the  Pierson  family  and  had  apparently  been  stowed  away  by 
Stephen  Pierson  who  died  in  1788.  The  house  is  said  to  have  Iseen 
partly  remodelled  in  1790.  In  1679  Lt.  Col.  Pierson  (died  1701) 
came  into  possession  of  the  "Job  Pierson  land"  and  it  was  once 
thought  he  lived  there.  It  now  seems  possible  he  may  have  built 
the  Engle  house. 

II  The  fireplaces  were  requently  of  stone  also,  as  in  the  old 
Hedges  house,  Sagg  Main  St.  (now  torn  down). 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  25.  Again,  Ibid,  p.  26,  "9  ber,  6,  66.  It  is 
ordered  that  every  inhabitant  belonging  to  this  towne  shall  have 
and  set  up  to  his  Chimney  a  substantial  ladder,  which  shall  reach 
at  least  to  the  top  of  ye  house,"  etc. 

t  T.  R..  Vol.  II,  p.  68. 


114  HISTORY    or   THE    TOtiS   Oh   SOLTHAMHTON 

somewhat  larger,  and  sometimes  were  highly  glazed. 
They  were  made  both  at  Seponack  and  Long  Springs.! 

The  timbers  were  very  large,  hand  hewn  and  usually 
of  oak,  while  in  one  case  at  least,  the  building  was  also 
sheathed  in  oak  planks  two  inches  thick.^  The  earliest 
house  made  of  sawn  timber  is  reputed  to  have  been  that 
of  the  late  Capt.  Isaac  Sayre,  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
Main  Street  and  Hampton  Road,  Southampton,  and 
said  to  have  been  built  a  little  over  a  century  ago. 

The  houses  were  usually  placed  with  the  two-story 
front  facing  due  south,  regardless  of  what  re.lation  this 
would  bring  them  into  with  the  road,  while  the  roads 
themselves,  such  as  ran  in  a  northerly  direction,  were 
curiously  laid  out  not  quite  north,  but  to  a  great  extent 
en  an  "eleven  o'clock  line." 

"Moving  house"  about  here  seems  to  have  been  to  an  ex- 
traordinary degree  a  literal  and  not  a  metaphorical  ex- 
pression, and  many  an  old  homestead  which  looks  as 
though  it  had  spent  centuries  in  its  present  location,  may 
have  come  from  miles  away.f  The  frames  of  the  older 
houses  were  put  together  with  wooden  pins,  not  nails, 
and  when  being  moved  they  were  partially  taken  apart 
and  not  moved  as  a  whole  as  a  modern  building  is. 

Small  as  the  early  houses  were,  they  were  frec|uently 
sold  or  bequeathed  room  by  room,  as  noted  in  the  sale  of 
Abiel  Cook  to  Ellis  Cook  in  1730  of  "the  westermost 
dwelling  room  in  my  new  house,  with  the  chamber  over 
the  same,  and  the  leanto."* 

Within,  the  houses  contained  almost  nothing  but  the 
barest  necessities,  few  had  any  pictures,  few  had  lamps, 
and  it  was  not  everyone  even  who  had  candlesticks.  The 
remarkably  minute  wills  and  inventories  tell  us  of  tables, 
desks,  chests,  a  few  chairs,  beds  and  bedding,  andirons. 
shovels  and  tongs,  a  few  pots  and  pans,  some  wood  and 

%  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  267. 

§  Mrs.  Herrick's  house,  Main  St.  and  North  Sea  Road,  Southamp- 
ton. 

t  I  once  met  three  on  the  move  all  in  the  course  of  one  drive. 
Perhaps  the  record  was  in  Sap:  Harbor  in  Feb.,  1890,  when  I  find 
in  the  current  newspapers  references  to  7  houses  being  moved  within 
a  month. 

*  T.  R..  Vol.  VI.  p.  177. 


THfi  NEW  YORK 
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JR,   LENOX 
[  OL'iNDATlONS] 

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HISTORY  UF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  115 

pewter  ware,  perhaps  a  little  earthenware,  occasionally 
a  few  shillings  worth  of  books  or  a  silver  tankard.  There 
were  of  course  no  stoves  or  coal,  and  all  cooking  was 
done  by  open  wood  fires>  which  were  also  the  only 
means  of  heating  the  houses.  All  fires  were  kindled  bv 
a  spark  struck  from  flint  and  steel  on  a  bit  of  tow,  and 
a  tinder  box  was  in  every  home. 

When  to  these  living  conditions  we  add  the  scanti- 
ness of  the  medical  knowledge  of  those  times  and  the 
scarcity  of  doctors,  we  are  not  surprised  that  only  the 
hardiest  could  survive  and  that  91  deaths  out  of  200  in 
East  Hampton  between  1696  and  1714  were  those  of 
children. t  Just  how  early  the  Town  possessed  a  resi- 
dent physician  is  unknown.  The  first  of  whom  we  can 
be  sure  was  a  Dr.  Nathaniel  Wade,  who  appears  in  the 
list  of  inhabitants  of  1698  as  living  in  Bridgehampton, 
and  whose  treatment  does  not  seem  to  have  been  uni- 
formly successful,  the  Town,  in  1701,  having  had  him 
treat  a  woman  prisoner  "and  Dr.  Wade  administered 
something  and  let  her  blood,  and  we  found  that  she  was 
never  the  better,  so  we  bade  him  forbear  to  meddle  with 
her  any  more."*  A  "Doctor  Crag"  is  mentioned  in 
1684  and  may  then  have  been  a  resident  of  the  Town.^H 
One  feature  of  those*  early  days  was  that  everybody 
worked,  and  Mr.  Pelletreau  makes  the  statement  that 
until  the  Revolution  there  was  not  a  man  or  woman  in 
Southampton  who  did  not  earn  their  daily  bread  by  daily 
labor.  Rich  as  well  as  poor  toiled  with  their  hands, 
either  in  the  fields  or  at  their  trades.  There  were  no 
"learned  professions"  and  even  the  minister  farmed  it, 
although  provided  with  what  was  then  a  comfortable  in- 
come.    Work  thus  soon  became  an  ingrained  habit  and 

t  E.  H.,  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  p.  560.  This  volume  contains  the  best  vital 
statistics  for  this  period. 

*  T.  R.,  Vol.  V,  pp.  161,  163. 

II  "It  was  alsoe  agreed  with  Dr.  Crag  by  the  towne  concerning 
the  lad  James  Hintchel  under  care,  that  ye  said  Doctor  Crag  doth 
engage  to  ye  towne  to  send  him  to  ye  place  where  his  father  dwells 
at  Island  St.  Christopher  or  Neviss  and  to  produce  the  master's  re- 
ceipt that  shall  carry  him  thither  and  deliver  him  at  ye  said 
Island.  In  consideration  of  cure  anrl  transportation  the  towne  give 
him  15  pounds."     T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  99. 


116  HiSTUR)    l)t  THE  TOH'S  Uh  SUUTHAMFTON 

a  matter  of  pride,  which  may  have  had  something  to  do 
with  delaying  the  building  of  schools,  though  a  regular 
school  was  apparently  started  by  1655,  and  there  had, 
as  we  know,  been  teaching  before  that.  Although  for 
those  days  a  remarkably  large  percentage  of  the  men 
could  write,  this  was  not  true  of  the  women,  and  it  is 
probable  that  the  schooling  of  the  girls  was  very  slight, 
iiere  as  elsewhere.* 

Agriculture  was,  of  course,  the  main  industry,  sup- 
plemented by  occasional  whaling  and  fishing,  and  1 
quote  at  length  Judge  Hedges  picture  of  the  early  farm- 
er.f  "Grass  was  cut  with  the  scythe,  raked  by  a  hand 
rake,  pitched  by  the  old  heavy  iron  fork;  grain  was 
reaped  with  the  sickle,  threshed  with  the  flail  and  win- 
nowed with  a  riddle ;  land  was  ploughed  with  a  heavy 
wooden  framed  plough,  pointed  with  wrought  iron, 
whose  mole  board  was  protected  by  odd  bits  of  old  cart 
wheel  tire ;  harrows  were  mostly  made  with  wooden 
teeth;  corn  hills  were  dug  with  the  hoe;  the  manure  for 
the  hill  was  dropped  in  heaps,  carried  by  hand  in  a 
basket  and  separately  put  in  each  hill.  The  farmer 
raised  flax  and  generally  a  few  sheep.  Threshing  lasted 
W'ell  into  the  winter,  and  then  out  came  the  crackle  and 
swingle,  knife  and  board.  The  flax  was  dressed,  wool 
carded,  and  the  wheel  sung  to  the  linen,  and  woolen 
spun  in  every  house.  The  loom's  dreary  pound  gave 
evidence  that  home  manufacture  clad  the  household. 
From  his  feet  to  his  head  the  farmer  stood  in  vestment 
produced  on  his  own  farm.  The  leather  of  his  shoes 
came  from  the  hides  of  his  own  cattle;  the  linen  and 
woolen  that  he  wore  were  products  that  he  raised.  The 
farmer's  wife  or  daughters  braided  and  sewed  the  straw 
hat  on  his  head.  His  fur  cap  was  made  from  the  skin  of 
?  fox  that  he  shot.  The  feathers  of  wild  fowl  whereon 
he  rested  his  weary  frame  by  night  were  the  results  ac- 
quired in  his  shooting.  The  pillow-cases,  sheets  and 
blankets,  the  comfortable,  quilts  and  counterpanes,  the 

*  In  Vol.  II,  of  the  Town  Records  I  have  noted  six  of  the  wealth- 
iest and  most  prominent  women  in  the  community  who  sign  by  a 
mark,  while  their  husbands  in  each  case  write  their  names. 

t  Address  Bi-Centennial  of  Suffolk  County,  pp.  42  et  seq. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  117 

towels  and  table  cloth  were  home  made.  His  harness 
and  lines  he  cut  from  hides  grown  on  his  farm.  Every- 
thing about  his  ox-yoke,  except  staple  and  ring,  he 
made.  His  whip,  his  ox-goad,  his  flail,  axe,  hoe,  and 
fork  handle  were  his  own  work." 

These  conditions  remained  practically  unchanged 
until  after  the  Revolution  and  explain  the  minuteness  of 
bequest  and  record  in  early  wills  and  inventories,*  from 
which  we  gain  so  clear  an  idea  of  the  domestic  economy 
of  the  times.  Cattle  were  an  important  part  of  the  prop- 
erty of  the  early  settlers,  and  as  they  were  herded  to- 
gether on  the  commons  identification  was  necessary  and 
this  was  secured  by  the  "ear  marks,"  the  recording  of 
which  appears  with  such  frequency  in  the  records  of  all 
the  eastern  Towns,  even  until  comparatively  late  years. t 
The  commonest  markings  were  the  hollow  crop,  the 
square  crop,  the  slope,  the  ha'penny,  the  L,  slit,  nick,  and 
hole  or  combinations  of  them,  the  ear  being  folded  over 
and  snipped  like  a  piece  of  paper.  The  marks  could  be 
bought  and  sold  and  descended  by  inheritance. 

While  the  life  was  hard  and  laborious,  it  was  a  life 
led  mainly  by  freemen,  tilling  their  own  soil  and  gov- 
erned by  themselves.  Not  wholly  so,  however,  for  there 
were  three  small  classes  in  the  community  the  fruits  of 
whose  labors  were  not  their  own  to  enjoy.  These  were 
the  indentured  servants  and  the  negro  and  Indian  slaves. 
The  first  served  for  a  limited  period  only,   though  it 

*  Vide  Appendix  XIII.  It  must  be  remembered  in  reading  them 
that  £,  s,  d,  was  merely  money  of  account,  people  reckoning  in  it 
but  actual  payment  being  made  in  coins  of  Portugal,  Spain,  Eng- 
land and  France.  Moreover,  nowhere  in  the  Colonies  did  even  this 
money  of  account  correspond  exactly  to  the  same  denominations  in 
English  money,  the  depreciation  varying  in  different  colonies.  Call- 
ing the  £  sterling  100,  the  Georgia  £  was  90,  New  England  75, 
Pa.  60,  New  York  56%.  Putting  it  another  way,  the  Spanish  dollar 
("piece  of  8")  equalled  4s.  6d.  sterling,  or  5s.  in  Ga.,  6  s.  in  New 
England  and  Va.,  7s.  6d.  New  Jeresy,  Pa  ,  Del.  &  Md.,  8s.  New  York 
&  Nor.  Car.  Queene  Anne  issued  a  proclamation  forbidding  the 
piece  of  8  to  pass  anywhere  in  the  Colonies  for  more  than  6s. 
This  is  what  was  called  in  the  records  "proclamation  money."  Vide 
Andrews,  McMaster  on  our  Early  Money.  Mag.  West.  Hist.,  June, 
1886,  pp.  141  et  seq. 

t  In  E.  H.  T.  R..  Vol  V.  p  319,  an  ear  mark  is  entered  May  2. 
1885, 


118  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

might  be  a  long  one,t  were  taught  some  useful  trade, 
and  were  usually  given  some  clothes,  money  or  tools  at 
the  expiration  of  their  term  of  service,  "and  in  such  com- 
munities as  these  in  the  early  days;  could  then  start  in  to 
carve  their  own  way  with  fair  chances  of  success.*  These 
indentured  servants  were  not  always  white  and  I  have 
found  many  references  in  the  Records  on  this  end  of  the 
Island  to  Indians  bound  out  for  a  term  of  years  just  as 
the  white  servants  were,  in  some  cases  having  sold  them- 
selves, in  others  having  been  sold  by  their  guardians  or 
parents,  the  length  of  service  varying  from  six  months^ 
to  twenty-four  years.  |1 


t  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  35.  Edward  Howell  took  a  child  one  year  old 
who  was  to  be  provided  "meat,  drinke  and  Apparel  and  necessaryes 
fit  for  such  a  servant  .  .  .  until  the  sayd  child  shall  be  of  the 
age  of  thirty  years."  , 

*  The  following  is  a  good  example  of  such  an  agreement. 
"Articles  of  agreement  made  &  Confirmed  betwene  Renock  Garrison 
of  this  Towne  of  Easthampton  the  one  partie.  And  Isaack  Mills  & 
Elizabeth  his  wife  Inhabitant  within  the  precincts  of  Southampton 
the  other  pty  as  ffoloweth:  That  ye  said  Renock  due  by  theise  pres- 
ents bind  out  his  sonn  Samuell  Garrison  unto  ye  aforesaid  Isaack 
Mills  &  his  wife  to  live  with  them  as  a  sarvant  or  an  apprentice 
untill  hee  bee  one  and  Twentie  yeeres  of  age  &  to  pforme  unto  his 
Master  &  dame  ffaithfull  service  according  to  his  abillitie  And  the 
foresaid  Isaack  Mills  &  his  wife  doe  Ingage  themselves  to  take  care 
of  him  as  a  sarvant  ought  to  bee  &  to  provide  for  him  meate  drink 
Lodginge  &  apparrell  sufficient  &  Comfortable  for  him  dureing 
the  foresaid  Terme  of  time;  And  ye  said  Isaack  Mills  doe  bind  him- 
selfe  by  theise  presents  to  learne  ye  said  Samuell  his  servant  in  ye 
Art  &  Trade  of  a  Carpenter  soe  farr  forth  as  he  can  &  is  able  &  as 
hee  ye  said  Samuell  is  capable  to  learne.  and  alsoe  ye  said  Isaack  & 
his  wife  doe  Ingag  themselves  to  teach  this  their  sarvant  Samuell  to 
read  &  wi-ite  as  allsoe  to  give  unto  him  two  suites  of  apparrell  when 
his  time  is  expired.  To  all  &  every  of  ye  above  said  premises  we 
every  one  of  us  have  set  to  or  hands  &  scales  this  24  of  August 
1683  the  Child  being  now  6  yeeres  of  age  ye  18  of  Julv  past. 
The  mark  of  R.  G.     Renock  Garrison   [L.  S.] 

Isaack  Mills   TL.  S.] 
Elizabeth  Mills  I  her  mark   [L.  S.] 
Signed  &  sealed  in  presence  of 

Tho.  Tallmage 

Shoball  Talmage." 

E.  H.  T.  R..  Vol.  II,  p.  133. 

X  In  1673  Isaack,  an  Indian,  hired  himself  to  Wm.  Edwards 
"dnringe  the  «r,ace  of  ha^f  a  veare"  for  "foure  pound  in  riiarchant- 
able  pay."    E.  H.  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  362. 

II  John  Kirtland  sells  to  Rev.  Thomas  James  "my  servant  Hope- 
well; Indyan;  whom  I  bought  of  his  guardyans  being  an  orphan  not 
one  yeare  ould"  for  the  balance  of  his  term  of  19  years  until  he 


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HISTORY    OF  THE   TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  119 

There  is  no  question,  moreover,  that  from  the  very 
earHest  days  Indians  were  also  held  as  slaves  for  life, 
though  probably  in  comparatively  small  numbers.  In- 
dian slavery  as  an  avowed  governmental  policy  had  be- 
gun in  New  England  with  the  captives  taken  in  the  Pe- 
quot  War  in  1636,  four  years  before  the  founding  of 
Southampton§  and  its  existence  was  recognized  both  in 
the  Connecticut  Code  of  1646II  and  by  the  United  Col- 
onies during  the  period  that  Southampton  was  united 
with  New  England.!  In  New  York,  nearly  all  laws  re- 
lating to  slavery  between  1644  and  1788  recognized  the 
existence  of  Indian  slavery  and  treated  it  as  an  integral 
part  of  the  slave  system. J 

There  are  several  cases  in  the  local  Records  which 
establish  the  fact  of  Indian  life  slavery  on  the  East  End 
beyond  question.  In  1678,  Arthur  Howell's  son-in-law, 
James  Loper,  of  East  Hampton  bought  at  New  Lon- 
don, "in  open  market,"  "one  Indian  Captive  girle  about 
Thirteene  or  foorteene  yeeres  of  age  Comonlie  Called  or 
known  by  ye  name  of  Beck  for  him  ye  sd  James  Loper 
his  heires  or  assignes  or  either  of  them  to  have  hould 
possess  and  enjoy  as  his  or  their  proper  estate  during 
her  natural  life,"  &c.  By  a  second  instrument,  Loper 
created  a  curious  trust  fund  of  the  girl,  making  Arthur 
Howell  trustee,  the  slave  to  be  for  the  use  of  Elizabeth 
Loper  during  her  life  and  on  her  death  to  pass  in  fee  to 
her  children.* 

should  be  25  (then  aged  6),  at  the  end  of  that  time  he  to  receive 
"ten  pound  in  Currant  pay  &  a  suite  of  Cloathes."  E.  H.  T.  R., 
Vol.  I.  p.  229  (1675).  See  also  Ibid,  p.  411;  Vol.  I.  pp.  132,  173  et 
sey,  212  and  Southold  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  74. 

§  Lauber,  Indian  Slavery  in  Colonial  Times,  «6;c.  Col.  Univ. 
Studies,  Vol.  LIV.  No.  3,  Contains  an  extensive  bibliography  of 
the  subject. 

II    Steiner,  Slavery  in  Conn.,  p.  10. 

t  Acts,  Vol,  I,  p.  71.  (1646) 

t  Morgan,  Slavery  in  State  of  N.  Y.,  p.  12.  In  New  Jersey  as 
late  as  1797,  the  Chief  Justice  delivered  an  opinion  that  "they  [the 
Indians]  have  been  so  long  recognized  as  slaves  in  our  law,  that  it 
would  be  as  great  a  violation  of  the  rights  of  property  to  establish 
a  contrary  doctrine  at  it  would  be  in  the  case  of  Africans."  Cooley, 
Study  of  Slavery  in  N.  J.,  p.  13. 

*  Both  documents  are  given  in  full,  E.  H.  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  pp.  412  et 
seq. 


120  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

Another  clear  case  was  that  of  an  Indian  woman 
named  Sarah,  who  we  know  by  her  subsequent  petition 
to  the  Governor  was  a  free  born  Indian  woman  of  New 
York.  She  first  appears  in  the  Southold  Town  Rec- 
ords in  1689, t  when  James  Parshall  declares  himself  to 
"have  sold  &  delivered  unto  John  Parker  of  Southamp- 
ton fuller  an  Indian  Garle  aged  about  eight  years 
(laue^hter  of  on  Dorkas  an  Indian  woman,  which  said 
Sarah  was  my  slave  for  her  lifetime;  and  I  doe  by  these 
presents  sell  her  ye  sd  Sarah  unto  him  the  said  John 
Parker  dureing  her  natural  life"  for  "the  full  &  just  sum 
of  sixteen  pounds  current  money."  In  1712  Parker  sold 
her  and  an  Indian  boy  to  John  Wick  of  Bridgehampton 
for  £21,  I2s.,|  who  in  turn  shipped  her  to  the  island  of 
Madeira  to  be  sold,  from  which  point  her  story  is  told 
in  her  petition  given  in  the  footnote. || 


t  Southold  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  179  et  seq. 
%  T.  R.,  Vol.  VL  p.  61. 

II  "To  his  Excellency  Robert  Hunter,  Esq.,  Captain  General  and 
Governour  in  chiefe  in  and  over  Her  Majesty's  Province  of  New 
York  and  New  Jerseys  and  of  all  the  Territorys  and  Tracts  of 
Land  Depending  thereon  in  America  and  Vice  Admiral  of  ye  Same. 

"The  humble  Petition  of  Sarah  Robins  a  Free  born  Indian  Woman 
Sheweth,  Unto  your  Excellency  that  your  Petitioner  is  a  Native  of 
this  Her  Majesty's  Province  and  was  born  of  flfree  parents  hath 
lived  great  part  of  her  time  upon  Long  Island  with  one  John  Parker 
of  Southampton  and  by  him  was  turned  over  to  One  John  Week  of 
Bridgehampton  the  said  Island  who  turned  her  over  to  Capt.  Rob- 
ert Walters  of  the  City  of  New  Yourk  but  on  what  Acot.  She  know- 
eth  not,  The  Said  Robert  Walters  upon  the  ffirst  day  of  January 
hath  caused  you  Petition [er]  against  her  will  to  be  Transported  unto 
the  Island  of  Madera  in  Order  to  be  there  Sold  for  a  Slave  but  after 
her  arrival  in  the  Said  place  upon  her  Application  to  the  English  Con- 
sul and  declaring  that  she  was  a  Free  Subject  the  Said  Consul  So 
procured  that  Capt.  Peter  Roland  who  brought  her  into  the  Said 
Island  should  bring  her  back  again  to  the  this  Colony  She  having 
before  refused  to  be  made  a  Freewoman  if  she  would  have  turned 
to  the  Roman  Catholik  flfaith  and  bee  therein  Baptized  And  your 
Petitioner  being  still  in  fear  that  She  may  be  further  Imposed  on 
and  at  some  time  or  other  Craftily  conveyed  to  Some  other  part 
of  the  World  under  the  Notion  of  a  Slave  She  Doth  therefore  in 
most  humble  manner  pray  that  the  said  John  Parker  John  Week  or 
the  said  Robert  Walters  may  be  put  to  prove  their  Title  to  her  as 
a  Slave  and  if  they  fail  therein  Then  She  humbly  prays  your  Ex- 
cellency's Protection  whereby  She  may  be  Suffered  to  live  quietly 
and  Safely  in  this  her  Native  Country  as  a  Freeborn  Subject  of 
the  Same  And  She  as  in  Duty  bound  shall  Ever  pray."  N.  Y.  Col. 
Mss,  56:90. 


HISTORY    OF  THE    TOlf'N  Oh   SOUTHAMPTON  121 

Negro  slavery  was  likewise  practised  early  and  there 
were  also  free  negroes  here  by  i659.§  Black  slaves  seem 
to  have  become  fairly  numerous  later  as  shown  by  the 
number  of  manumissions  recorded  about  the  beginning 
of  the  19th  century  after  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  1788 
providing  for  their  freeing,  but  the  subject  presents  no 
unusual  features. 

The  foregoing  is  but  a  rough  outline  sketch  of  the 
life  of  the  community  in  its  first  century.  Many  aspects 
of  that  life  have  not  been  touched  upon  at  all,  while 
those  that  have,  of  necessity,  have  been  so  but  briefly, 
but  perhaps  enough  has  been  told  to  give  pause  to  those 
who  profess  to  long  for  a  return  to  the  "good  old  days," 

§  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  207.    Also  Brookhaven  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  48. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

PIRATES  AND  OTHER  18TH  CENTURY  MATTERS 

The  new  settlements  east  of  Water  Mill  had  grown 
and  prospered,  and  in  1677,  as  we  have  seen,  another 
large  division  of  land  was  made  and  again  two  years  later 
there  was  laid  out  the  Forty  Acre  Division  (lots  of  40 
acres  each)  north  of  Bridgehampton  from  Hay  Ground 
to  Lumber  Lane.*  By  1698  the  bridge  had  been  built 
connecting  Mecox  and  Sagg,  the  church  stood  near  it,  a 
mill  had  been  put  up  on  Sagg  stream,!  population  had 
grown  and  the  Indians  had  ceased  to  be  a  serious  menace. 
The  present  was  secure  and  the  future  was  bright  indeed. 

At  that  time  Lt.  Col.  Henry  Pierson  was  a  member 
of  the  Colonial  Assembly  in  New  York  and  some  such 
thoughts  may  have  occupied  his  mind  on  a  certain  day  in 
March  i6g8  as  he  looked  from  a  window  in  his  house  at 
Sagg  over  the  stretch  of  brown  fields  to  the  blue  waters 
of  the  ocean.  Little  could  he  dream  that,  at  that  very 
moment  perhaps,  on  the  other  side  of  that  wide  expanse. 
a  ship  was  slipping  from  her  dock  in  London  on  "an  in- 

*  In  1712  the  "South."  or  "Thirty  Acre  Division"  was  laid  out  of 
land  at  Mill  Pond  Head,  Scuttle  Hole  and  north  of  the  main  country 
road  at  Sagg.  This  road  is  sometimes  called  East  Hampton  Path 
and  also  "the  King's  Road."  (T.  R.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  23).  The  locality 
by  the  Scuttle  Hole  Rd.,  north  of  Lumber  Lane,  was  early  called 
Huntington,  and  the  east  end  of  the  road  called  Huntington  Path. 
"Scuttle  Hole"  may  be  said  to  extend  from  Mitchell's  Lane  to  the 
lane  which  forms  the  south  boundary  of  the  Pierce  Butler  farm. 
The  "Brushy  Plain"  lay  north  and  west.  Dr.  Corwith's  former  resi- 
dence. 

t  Vide,  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  pp.  110,  139. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfi'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  123 

lerloping  voyage"  to  Borneo  and  the  East,  the  fortunes 
of  which  were  to  become  so  strangely  interwoven  with 
his  own  as  to  bring  him  measurably  near  ending  his  hon- 
orable career  upon  a  gallows  and  which  were  to  cause 
him  many  an  anxious  week  while  waiting  for  the  King's 
pardon  from  England.  Nothing  surely  could  seem  fur- 
ther apart  than  that  London  venture  to  the  other  side  of 
the  earth  and  the  farmer,  soldier  and  legislator  in  his 
peaceful  home  in  this  retired  nook  of  the  new  world, 
thousands  of  miles  from  any  destined  route  of  the  little 
vessel. 

She  was,  as  we  learn,*  "a  Hag  Boat,  Ipswich  built, 
about  350  Tunns  mounted  with  Twenty  two  Gunns,"  and 
well  named  the  "Adventure."  She  was  "well  enough 
carved  and  yellow  painted  only  the  Bugilugs  between 
the  windows  are  black,  she  hath  badges  on  her  quarters, 
and  a  freezework  runns  between  the  fife  Rale,  and  the 
plane  Sheere  quite  aft,  only  one  Boat  which  is  a  Pinnace 
about  thirty  foot  long  rowes  with  nine  Oars  well  carved 
and  adorned." 

Her  cargo  consisted  of  "Scarlet  and  other  Coloured 
Cloth,  Perpetuanoes  and  Broad  Flannells,  Opium,  Iron 
and  Lead,  Furzees  with  brass  work  upon  the  Stocks. 
Small  Iron  Gunns,  all  about  200  weight,  Grapnells  and 
Anchors  from  50  1.  to  2  or.  3  Ct.  weight  and,"  (and  here 
we  begin  to  scent  trouble),  "Spanish  Dollars  33500,"  in 
all  a  cargo  to  the  value  of  £13000,  or  in  our  day  near 
$400,000. 

Of  her  jolly  crew  we  also  possess  a  minute  descrip- 
tion. There  was  Joseph  Bradish,  boatswain's  mate,  25 
years  old,  "of  ordinary  Stature,  well  sett,  round  visage, 
fresh  complexion,  darkish  hair,  pock  fretten."  There 
was  John  Lloyd  "rawboned,  very  pale  complexion,  dark 
hair.remarkably  deformed  by  an  attraction  of  the  Lower 
Eyelid."  Andrew  Martin  "Short,  thick  great  Lips,  black 
bushy  hair."  Thomas  Simpson,  "Short  and  Small,  black, 
much  Squint  eved."  foe  Witherly,  "Short  very  Small, 
black,  blind  of' one  Eye,"  John  Parrot,  "lamish  of  both 

*  Affidavit  of  Capt.  Gullock.     For  other  contemporary  documents 
see  Appendix  XIV. 


124  HISTORY    OF    THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

Leggs,"  Ellmore  Clark  with  a  "very  down  looke,"  and 
others  given  in  the  Captain's  affidavit.  Well  may  he  have 
cast  an  anxious  look  over  this  cheerful  crew  as  they 
weighed  anchor  at  the  Ivondon  dock  and  he  thought  of 
the  33000  Spanish  Dollars  placed  "in  the  bread  closet." 

Of  all  that  happened  on  the  voyage  we  have  an  unus- 
ually full  account  made  up  of  affidavits  and  official  cor- 
respondence from  half  a  dozen  sources,  among  which  we 
find  Gov.  Stoughton  of  Massachusetts  writing,  April  12, 
1699,  from  Boston  to  Mr.  Secretary  Vernon  in  London 
as  follows  :* 

"About  March  15  arrived  at  the  east  end  of  Long  Is- 
land the  ship  or  Hakeboat  Adventure  of  London,  bur- 
then about  350  Tons  with  22  guns,  Thomas  Gullcck  late 
commander,  which  sailed  from  Gravesend,  March  16. 
1698,  bound  to  the  Island  of  Borneo,  in  India,  upon  an 
interloping  trade  being  set  forth  by  Capt.  Henry  Tate  and 
Capt.  Hammond,  who  keep  a  brew-house  in  Thames 
Street,  Mr.  Samuel  Shepard  and  the  Heathcotts,  mer- 
chants in  London,  and  having  proceeded  so  far  onwards 
of  her  voyage  as  Polonais,  there  stopped  to  water;  and 
the  said  commander  with  several  of  the  officers,  mar- 
iners and  some  passengers  being  on  shore  and  the  boats 
gone  on  board  with  water,  the  rest  of  the  ship's  com- 
pany combined  and  conspired  together  to  leave  them  and 
run  away  with  the  ship  and  lading  Sept.  17.  They  cut 
the  cable  and  brought  the  ship  to  sail,  offering  the  yaule 
to  some  of  the  company  that  refused  to  join  with  them 
in  the  piracy  to  transport  them  to  the  shore.  Several 
went  ofT.in  her  to  the  island;  the  surgeon's  mate  and 
two  other  youths  they  forced  to  stay.  The  chief  mate 
plso  with  the  boatswain  and  armourer  not  consenting  in 
the  villainous  act,  but  unwilling  to  go  on  shore  at  the 
Island,  they  gave  the  long  boat  unto  them  with  the 
necessary  provisions,  etc..  three  days  after,  being  then 
about  20  leagues  from  the  land,  in  which  they  went  off 
from    the    ship.      The    remainder    of   the    Company   on 

board,  being  25  or  26,  made  choice  of  one  Joseph  Bra- 

— (^ 

*  Cal.  of  State  Papers.  Col.  Ser.  Vol.  169f).  pp.  132  et  seq.  Com- 
paring the  account  with  the  Affidavits  of  Gullock,  David  Hacker  and 
Wm.  Whitesides,  it  is  seen  to  be  fairly  accurate.  See  Appendix  XIV. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON  125 

dish,  the  boatswain's  mate  to  be  their  commander, 
whom  they  preferred  for  his  skill  in  navigation,  and  di- 
rected their  course  for  Maurisias,  where  they  fitted  the 
ship,  took  in  some  fresh  provisions,  and  two  young  gen- 
tlemen named  Charles  Seymour  and  John  Power,  who 
being  on  a  voyage  for  India  in  a  ship  under  the  command 
of  one  Capt.  Pye,  were  unhappily  left  behind  in  the  said 
island.  From  Maurisias  they  came  about  Cape  Bon  Es- 
perance,  and  in  short  time  after  made  a  sharing  of  the 
money  on  board,  which  was  contained  in  nine  chests 
stowed  in  the  bread  room,  and  set  forth  three  or  four 
and  twenty  single  shares  besides  the  Captain's,  which 
was  two  shares  and  a  half,  weighing  out  the  money. 
Some  received  1500,  other  1600  dollars  for  a  single  share. 
They  afterward  made  a  second  sharing  of  broadcloths, 
serges,  stuffs,  and  other  goods  on  board.  They  stopped 
at  the  Island  of  Ascension,  took  some  turtle  and  fresh 
provisions  in  there,  and  then  directed  their  course  for 
this  continent  and  arrived  as  aforesaid  at  Long  Island, 
where  Capt.  Bradish  went  on  shore,  carried  the  most 
of  his  money  and  jewels  with  him,  committed  them  to 
the  custody  of  a  gentleman  on  the  island  [Lt.  Col.  Pier- 
son],  sent  a  pilot  on  board  to  remove  the  ship  and  bring 
her  to  an  island  called  Gardiner's  Island,  but  the  wind 
not  favouring  them,  ran  over  to  Block  Island  within 
Rhode  Island  Government,  whence  they  sent  two  of  the 
company  to  Rhode  Island  to  buy  a  sloop,  but  the  Gov- 
ernment there,  having  notice  that  a  ship  was  hovering 
about  those  parts  suspected  to  be  a  pirate,  seized  the 
two  men  and  detained  them,  the  intelligence  whereof 
being  carried  to  the  ship  and  some  sloops  being  de- 
scried coming  from  the  island  towards  the  ship,  the  Com- 
pany, fearing  that  they  were  manned  out  from  thence 
to  seize  them,  forthwith  came  to  sail  and  stood  off  to 
seaward.  The  sloops  following  them  came  up  with 
them,  and  being  informed  what  the  sloops  were,  per- 
mitted them  to  come  on  board  and  bought  one  of  them 
and  hired  another  to  transport  them  and  their  money, 
allowing  the  sloopmen  to  take  what  they  pleased  out 
of  the  ship,  and  having  put  their  moneys  on  board  the 
sloops,  sank  the  ship  and  got  on  shore,  some  in  one  place. 


126  insTURY  OF  THE  TOIVN  UF  SOUTH  AM  l^roN 

some  at  another,  landing  at  farmhouses,  where  they 
provided  themselves  of  horses,  and  scattered  into  divers 
parts  of  the  country,  the  Captain  and  some  others  with 
him  coming"  into  this  Province.  Upon  the  first  intelli- 
gence whereof  a  Proclamation  was  issued  and  hue  and 
crys  sent  through  the  Province  and  into  the  neighbour- 
ing Government  to  pursue  and  seize  on  all  such  of  them 
as  could  he  found,  with  their  treasure.  The  Captain 
with  ten  more  of  the  Company  are  apprehended  and  in 
custody  here  in  order  to  a  trial,*  who  upon  examination 
severally  confessed  the  particulars  before  recited,  and  a 
considerable  quantity  of  nionc}'  to  the  value  of  near 
3000  .1.  with  several  goods  and  merchandize  taken  out  of 
the  ship  are  seized.  Seven  or  eight  more  are  appre- 
hended within  Connecticut  GovernTnent.''.il 

A  week  later  we  find  the  Council  in  Xew  York  or- 
dering that  a  certain  John  Morrey  shall  be  paid  £6  re- 
ward out  of  the  money  "in  Coll.  Peirsons  hands  as  a  Re- 
ward for  his  intercepting  a  Letter  sent  from  Broadish 
the  pyrate  to  the  sd.  Coll.  Peirson,"'t  and  a  little  before 
that  Samuel  Mulford  testifying  that  on  "iMarch  20  Lt. 
Col.  Henry  Peirson  of  Sagaponnock.  Nassau  Island, 
brought  Bradish  ofif  from  the  Adventure,  and  Josiah 
Topping,  of  Sagaponack,  told  him  that  Bradish  and  Peir- 

*  By  an  odd  turn  of  fortune  the  jailer  proved  to  be  a  kinsman  of 
Bradish's,  and,  with  the  help  of  a  girl,  the  pirate  effected  his  es- 
cape, but  was  recaptured  and  sent  to  England  in  the  same  ship  with 
Capt.  Kidd.  "April  8,  1699,  Bradish  brought  to  Town.  Was  taken 
at  Deerfield."  Diarv  of  Samuel  Sewell  Mass  Hist.  Soc  .Coll..  Ser. 
V.  Vol.  V,  p.  495  "Midsummer  Day,  1699,  At  9  at  night  Bradish  and 
Witherly  get  out  of  Prison  and  make  their  escape  with  the  Maid 
that  helped  them  out"  Ibid.  p.  498.  "October  26,  1699.  Joseph 
Eradish,  Lee  Witherly,  and  Kate  Price  are  brought  to  toAvn  and 
sent  to  Pripon  from  which  thov  escnned  June  24  "  Ibid.  n.  503, 
"Feb.  16,  1699-70,  pleasant  weather.  Kid,  Bradish,  Gillam,  Witherly 
are  sent  on  board  the  Advice  Frigat."  Ibid,  Vol.  VI,  p.  6.  Sic 
exeunt  omnes. 

X  "That  money,  found  on  Block  Id.,  I  understand  to  be  £1,000 
Ten  or  eleven  of  the  pirates  are  seized  at  New  London  by  Col. 
Winthrop,  Gov.  Connecticut,  and  £  1,800  in  money.  At  Boston  they 
have  taken  15  or  16  and  5  or  £6.000.  The  Governor  of  Phode  Island 
is  said  to  have  seized  another  parcel  of  money,  so  that  there  may  be 
in  the  whole  near  £10  000  ppcurod  for  tho  owners  in  England." 
Cal.  State  Papers.  Col.  Ser.  Vol.  1699.  p.  191. 

t  N.  Y.  Council  Min.  Mss.  8:102. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  127 

son  went  to  that  place  together  with  a  wallet  about  the 
bulk  of  looo  pounds  in  silver."f  In  all,  the  Colonel  was 
shown  to  have  four  bags  in  his  possession  containing 
2805  "pieces  of  eight,"  of  the  value  of  £942.  igs.  7^d.* 
While  his  connection  with  the  case  is  curious  and  ob- 
scure, it  seems  to  have  been  at  the  most,  merely  indis- 
creet, for  the  Earl  of  Bellomont  wrote  to  the  Council  of 
Trade  in  regard  to  the  matter  as  follows  :t  "What  I  have 
received  from  Pierson  is  lodged  with  Col.  Courtland  the 
Collector  and  shall  be  forthc  oming  to  the  owners  upon 
your  Lordship's  order  or  si'.h  other  authority  as  I  can 
be  secure  in.  Lt.  Col.  Pierson  came  frankly  and  volun- 
tarily to  me  and  owned  Bradish  had  been  at  his  house  \ 
and  left  some  bags  of  money  with  him  and  a  bag  of 
jewels.  He  has  a  fair  character  and  is  a  man  of  sub- 
stance and  member  of  the  present  Assembly.  I  fright- 
ened him  by  telling  him  he  would  stand  in  need  of  the 
King's  mercy  for  that  by  the  Statute  28  of  Henry  Y\\\ 
be  was  equally  guilty  with  Bradish.  I  hope  your  Lord- 
ships will  obtain  the  King's  leave  for  me  to  pardon  him, 
which  I  will  not  do  without  your  leave,  though  you 
write  me  (Oct.  25)  that  I  have  a  power  by  my  Com- 
mission to  pardon  pirates.  I  assure  you  I  do  not  inter- 
cede for  him  upon  the  score  of  a  reward." 

Nearly  a  year  later,  and  a  most  unpleasant  year  it 
must  have  been  to  Col.  Pierson,  the  Council  of  Trade 
wrote  to  Lord  Bellomont,  "as  we  doubt  not  of  your  con- 
tinuing your  endeavors  for  the  suppression  of  piracy,  so 
we  hope  among  others,  to  have  some  good  account  of 
the  seizing  of  those  pirates,  which  you  say,  July  22,  were 
sheltered  with  a  great  deal  of  money  in  Nassau  Island, 
though  we  are  very  sensible  of  the  difficulty  to  do  it  in 
a  place  where  they  are  so  much  favoured.  [  !]  His 
Majesty  is  pleased  to  allow  your  Lordship  to  pardon 
Col.  Pierson  (May  3)  provided  he  has  delivered  up  all 

X  Cal.  State  Papers,  Col.  Ser  Vol.  1699,  p.  191. 

*  Detailed  sworn  statement  by  Lord  Bellomont.  Mss.  Col.  Office 
Series,  Class  5,  Volume  1042.  London.  With  it  is  a  deposition  of 
Simon  Bonan.  a  Jew;  one  of  Cornelius  Schellinx,  one  of  Col.  Pier- 
son, 8zc.,  given  in  Appendix  XIV. 

t  Letter  from  Gov.  Bellomont  to  Council  of  Trade  and  Planta- 
tions, May  3,  1699.    Cal.  State  Papers,  Col.  Ser.  Vol.  1699,  p.  190. 


i2<,  HISTORY    OF    THE    TOHN    OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

the  effects  he  had  in  his  hands  belonging  to  the  said 
pirates."* 

This  seems  to  have  been  done  and  thousfh  the 
money  was  real  enough,  the  jewels,  alas,  seem  to  have 
proved  false,  though  one  cannot  help  wondering  why 
counterfeit  stones  should  have  been  brought  home  from 
the  far  East  by  anxious  pirates.  ]\Iany  a  cpieer  thing 
happened  in  IvOng  Island  waters  in  those  days,  however, 
as  well  as  officially  in  New  York  and  })crhaps  we  must 
not  enquire  too  closely.  "At  first,"  Bellomont  wrote, 
"we  thought  there  had  been  £10000  worth,"  but  Simon 
r>onan,  a  Jew,  "pronounced  them  false,  he  understanding 
jewels  well."t 

Of  the  truth  of  the  above  story,  which  has  never  be- 
fore been  recounted,  it  is  evident  that  there  can  be  no 
doubt  whatever,  and  it  raises  an  interesting  point  as  to 


*  "Whitehall,  Apl.  11,  1700."  Letter  Council  of  Trade  and  Plan- 
tations to  Gov.,  the  Earl  of  Bellomont.  Cal.  State  Papers,  Col.  Ser. 
Vol.  1700,  p.  159. 

t  Cal.  State  Papers,  Col.  Ser.  Vol.  1699,  p.  190.  The  list  is  from 
Council  Min.  Mss.  8:104.  "An  Inventory  of  a  Bagg  of  Jewells  left 
by  Joseph  Broadish  in  the  hands  of  Lieut.  Coll.  Henry  Pierson  taken 
in  Counsell  this  27th  Day  of  Aprill  1699.  A  Large  dark  blew  stone 
sett  in  an  Enamelled  Knot  and  a  large  seeming  peare  pearle  Enam- 
elled on  one  side  at  the  Bottom  tyed  with  a  small  blew  Ribbon  to  a 
peice  of  — board  Covered  with  paper,  which  being  taken  of  weighs 
knot  and  all  two  hundred  twenty-five  Carrotts  and  on  the  paper 
v/as  writt  £4  .s  0.  H  0.     No   48. 

A  Parcell  of  small  Redd  stones  in  a  hollow  stirk  \1^,  which  stones 
together  with  two  green,  and  one  blew  weigh  160  Carrotts. 

Another  small  parcell  of  Redd  stones  pollished  weigh  4  Carrots. 

A  Rose  or  Breast  Jewell  with  seeming  Turkoys  stones  light  blew 
with  seeming  pearles  weighs  VlAVz  Carrotts.     No.  10. 

A  pare  of  Large  pendants  sealed  to  a  piece  of  Pastboard  on  which 
i.s  writt   £.2'-).     No.  1 

A  Redd  Stone  sett  in  Lead  weighs  Thirty  Carrotts. 

A  Blew  stone  sett  and  Enamelled  on  the  Back-side  weighs  821/2 
Carrotts.     No.  7:   £7. 

Another  blew  stone  weighing  27  Carrotts.     No.  9:  £4 

Another  Blew  stone  fastened  with  a  Ribbon  to  a  piece  of  Past- 
board  wherein  is  writt  £12:  No.  8:  weighing  48  Carrotts, 

Two  Crosses  sett  with  stones  fastened  to  a  peice  of  Pastboard 
marked  No    3:   £8:  s  0:  d  0. 

Two  Roses  of  stones  Marked    No.  4:  Ten  pounds. 

11  Rings  with  Cullord  stones  weigh  117  Carrotts. 

A  diamond  Rine  of  7  stones  w:  20  Carrotts. 

A  gold  ring  without  a  Stone,  w.  6  carets. 

A  great  Cullord  stone  in  a  Llak  box  with  leather  w.  220  Cart." 


THE  NEW  YORK 


pu: 


.IL 


LIBRARY 


ASTOR,   LENOX 
ILDEN    FOUNDATIONS 


Road  at  Sebonack 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOM'N  OF  SOUTH  AM  FTOhl  129 

the  growth  of  local  legends  and  their  value  as  historical 
material  because  for  long  there  has  floated  about  the 
Town  a  story  known  as  that  of  "The  Pirate's  Belt", 
which  I  give  in  the  words  of  a  local  antiquarian,  the  late 
]\Ir.  C.  H.  Hildreth.*  After  speaking  of  other  matters, 
he  wrote,  "Some  time  before  this,  I  had  an  interview 
with  Uncle  Stephen  Topping  and  among  other  things  we 
talked  about  this  belt,  which  I  had  often  heard  of  before. 
Uncle  Stephen  said  that,  years  before,  he  asked  an  old 
Montauk  squaw  about  the  pirate  vessel.  She  said  the 
brig  came  in  and  anchored  ofT  Shagwannock,t  and  that 
ihe  Indians  went  off  to  her  in  their  boats,  and  never 
came  back.  In  the  morning  the  brig  was  gone.  Some 
supposed  they  were  pirates,  and  planning  to  disband  and 
wanted  the  boats  to  scatter  in  different  directions,  and, 
scuttled  the  brig  and  sent  her  and  the  Indians  to  the  bot- 
tom together.  I  think  that  probably  she  was  a  slaver, 
and  that  so  the  poor  Indians,  instead  of  going  to  the  bot- 
tom off  Shagwannock,  went  down  South  as  slaves. 
About  this  time  a  sick  man  stopped  for  the  night  at  Tim- 
othy Pierson's  [1730- 1802].  In  the  morning  he  was  so 
bad  that  he  could  not  continue  his  journey  and  soon  died. 
Mrs.  Pierson  told  that  just  before  he  died  he  said  'I  wear 
a  belt.'  She  said  they  buried  him  in  his  clothes,  belt  and 
all,  and  about  12  o'clock  that  night,  the  hour  when  spirit 
witches  are  supposed  to  visit  the  earth,  there  v/as  a  light 
seen  at  the  grave,  which  was  just  across  the  street  from 
the  house.  I  suppose  it  was  robbed."  Soon  after  this 
the  new  house,  now  owned  by  Mrs.  Russell  Sage,  was 
built  on  East  Hampton  Road,  and  there  were  other  evi- 
dences of  suddenly  acquired  riches. 

Such  is  the  story  as  it  is  told  locally,  and  1  was  not 
inclined  to  question  it  in  too  critical  a  spirit,  until  I  un- 
earthed the  earlier  and  absolutely  authentic  one.  Even 
now  I  am  not  in  a  position  to  either  affirm  or  deny  the 


*  The  ver-sion  by  Judge  Hedges  (Sag  Harbor  Express.  May  27, 
1897)  agrees  substantially  in  detail  with  the  above.  Both  were 
cr.reful  students  of  local  matters  and  both  believed  in  the  story. 

t  "A  hill,  point  of  land,  and  a  reef  of  rocks  on  the  northeastern 
part  of  Montauk,  in  the  Indian  Fields.  .  .  .  The  Indian  huts  until 
a  few  years  ago  were  located  on  the  side  of  this  hill."  Tooker. 
riace  Names,  p.  238. 


130  HlsrORY   OF   THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

existence  of  the  belt,  but  it  does  strike  me  as  unusual  that 
one  family,  and  that  among  the  most  distinguished  in 
every  way  in  the  Town,  should  happen  to  have  such  very 
odd  dealings  with  pirate  folk  in  two  successive  genera- 
tions! 

However,  piratical  and  other  illicit  trading  were  no 
strangers  on  the  East  End,  any  more  than  they  were  in 
New  "S'ork  in  those  days,  particularly  under  the  rule  of 
Gov.  l<"lctcher  who  afforded  the  pirates  and  smugglers 
comfortable  protection,  and  many  a  farm  house  sheltered 
goods  and  coin  which  had  been  warehoused  under  the 
black  flag  at  the  rendezvous  at  Madagascar  instead  of 
London  dock  or  the  bankers.  Perhaps  we  shall  not  be 
far  wrong  if,  in  reading  the  bequest  in  a  will  of  that  day 
of  "four  pieces  of  Araljian  gold  to  buy  Bibles"  we 
strongly  suspect  the  antemortem  workings  of  conscience. 
The  trade  and  prosperity  of  the  entire  Province  of  New 
York,  as  well  as  some  of  the  other  colonies,  had  become 
bound  up  to  an  extraordinary  degree  with  piracy  by  the 
sale  oi  su[)plies  and  marketing  of  the  plunder,  when  Gov. 
Bellomont  apparently  made  a  genuine  effort  to  suppress 
it.  Gardiner's  Bay  and  the  various  little  harbors  on  the 
East  End  afforded,  like  the  coasts  of  Rhode  Island  and 
the  Carolinas,  convenient  and  quiet  anchorage  for  these 
gentry,  and  Bellomont  wrote  in  1699  that  Long  Island 
had  "become  a  great  Receptacle  for  Pirates."  After 
stating  that  the  notorious  Gillani*  had  been  allowed  to 
escape  thence,  and  speaking  of  Kidd,  a  part  of  whose 
treasure  was  buried  on  Gardiner's  Island,  he  had  the  fol- 
lowing unkind  remarks  to  make  about  our  part  of  the 
country.  "I  take  that  Island  especiallv  the  East  End  of  it 
to  exceed  Rhode  Island.  The  people  there  have  many 
of  them  been  pirates  themselves,  and  to  be  sure  are  well 
affected  to  the  trade;  But  besides  that  they  are  lawlesse 
and  desperate  a  people  that  I  can  get  no  honest  man  that 
will  venture  to  goe  and  collect  the  Excise  among  them. 


*  N.  Y.  Coun.  Minutes.  Jan.  27,  1701.  "23,  paid  to  Abraham 
Gouvernour  for  his  expenses  in  searching  after  the  money  dis- 
covered hv  James  Gillam  the  Pyrate  lately  executed  in  En.srland,  be- 
fore his  death  to  be  hid  by  him  in  the  East  End  of  Nassau  [Long] 


Island.' 


THE  V.EW  ^.'ORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


A^TOR,    LEr!0\ 
ILDuN    l^-Ui\D,\T10NS 


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^^^Bi''^  'a 

HISTORY    OF  THE    TOM'N  Oh   SOUTHAMPTON  131 

and  watch  their  Trade,"  and  he  then  proposes  "next 
spring"  to  quarter  a  hundred  men  there  for  that  pur- 
pose.* 

The  excise  of  the  Island  was  estimated  to  be  worth, 
if  duly  collected,  £  12000  per  annum,  yet  was  let  for  one- 
twelfth  of  that  sum.  "I  offered,"  wrote  Bellomont 
again, t  "one  of  the  Lieutenants  of  the  Companies  £100 
a  year  New  York  money  and  buy  him  a  couple  of  horses 
for  him  and  a  man  to  attend  him,  and  I  intended  him  to 
be  riding  Surveyor  of  Nassau  Island,  not  only  to  let  and 
collect  the  Excise  of  the  whole  Island,  but  also  to  inspect 
and  watch  the  harbours  and  creeks  that  no  goods  or  mer- 
chandizes should  be  run  in,  with  a  promise  of  a  third  of 
all  such  goods  as  he  should  seize;  but  he,  tho'  accounted 
a  brisk  man  and  ready  to  starve  for  want  of  his  pay  and 
subsistance  told  me  in  plain  terms  he  thought  it  too  haz- 
ardous an  undertaking  for  him,  and  refused  to  meddle." 

The  same  year,  Clarke  landed  from  Kidd's  sloop,  car- 
ried £5000  to  Connecticut  and  wrote  the  Lieut.  Gov- 
ernor at  New  York  "  a  very  sawcy  letter  and  bade  us 
defiance.":!:  The  following  year.  Mays  and  another 
pirate  were  reported  hovering  ofif  the  East  End  with 
£500,000  between  them  and  making  tentative  offers  of 
£  100,000  to  be  allowed  to  land.  H  And  so  the  story  con- 
tinues with  many  men  of  lesser  note  and  smaller  plun- 
der. 

It  was,  throughout  the  colonies,  the  period  of  low- 
est ebb  in  the  thought  and  morals  of  the  people  and  it 
was  not  merely  privateering  and  piracy,  commerce  and 
smuggling  which  shaded  into  one  another.  The  moral 
sense  of  the  times  was  blurred  in  many  ways,  and  often 
it  is  peculiarly  hard  to  disentangle  the  reputations  of  the 
period  and  determine  whether  some  of  the  prominent 
men  who  cross  the  page  of  history  were  Hydes  or 
Jekylls. 

A  rather  odd  and  interesting  case  of  this  sort  may  be 
found  in  Southampton  in  the  person  of  John  Wick,  Esq., 

*  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  591. 
t  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  517. 
t  Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  595. 
II    Col.  Docts  ,  Vol.  IV,  p.  711. 


132  HlSrORY  Of  THE  TO  UN  Oi-  SOUTH  AM  PTOxX 

who  was  a  devil  or  an  upright  and  distinguished  citizen 
as  one  follows  persistent  legend  or  formal  record. 

Let  us  take  up  the  record  first  and  see  how  his  life 
and  character  would  be  interpreted  from  that  had  tra- 
dition remained  silent.  He  came,  I  think,  from  Oyster 
Bay,  where  there  were  at  one  time  two  men  of  that 
name.t  and  the  first  appears  in  the  Southampton  Records  on 
June  30,  1691  when  he  sold  a  house  in  that  village  which 
he  owned  jointly  with  John  Howell,  Peregrine  Stan- 
borough,  Henry  Pierson  and  Samuel  Cooper,*  and  two 
years  later  he  was  granted  by  the  Town  mill  rights 
on  the  Peconic  river.  1  In  1696  he  is  referred  to  as  "John 
Wick,  gentleman."  In  1700,  in  the  excellent  company 
of  John  Cook,  Daniel  Sayre,  Jr.,  and  Mr.  Joseph  Ford- 
ham,  we  find  him  making  a  protest  against  a  certain  in- 
dividual land  grant,  while  in  171 1,  a  committee  being  ap- 
pointed by  the  Town  (by  majority  vote  as  usual )  to  en- 
quire into  the  important  question  of  titles  to  the  com- 
mon land,  the  men  named  were  Capt.  Thomas  Stephens, 
Capt.  Theophilus  Howell,  Mr.  John  Wick,  John  Cook 
and  James  Cooper. i  He  is  again  in  the  best  of  company 
and  appointed  by  popular  vote  to  a  position  of  responsi- 
bility, as  he  was  once  more  in  1712  when  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  Town  Trustees.  Earlier,  in  1694,  two  lists 
Vv^ere  made  up,  one  of  those  who  had  paid  their  rates  for 
the  minister's  stipend,  and  another  showing  the  delin- 
quents, and  although  many  excellent  names  appear  in 
the  latter,  Wick  is  entered  as  having  paid  his  church 
dues  promptly.  In  1706-7,  James  Emott  of  New  York, 
a  prominent  lawyer  of  that  city  who  married  Gov.  Car- 
teret's step-daughter  1 1  and  was  counsel  for  Gov.  Fletcher.  § 
gave  to  him  power  of  attorney  to  collect  money.  » 
and  in  the  same  year  Col.  Abraham  De  Peyster  did  the 

t  Oyster  Bay  Record.s,  Vol,  I,  p.  35. 

*  T.  R..  Vol.  V.  D.  279. 

I  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  128. 
:  T.  R.,  Vol.  II,  p.  147. 

II  Hatfield's  Elizabeth,  p.  257. 

§  Col.  Docts  ,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  387. 
a   T.  R.,  Vol.  VI,  p.  31. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMHTON  133 

same,  calling  him  "his  loving  friend,  John  Wick."t  He 
was  also  a  Magistrate  from  1702  until  his  death,  and 
Sheriff  of  Suffolk  County  1699-1700.1 

Meanwhile  he  had  moved  to  Bridgehampton,  prob- 
ably between  1695  and  1700,  where  he  lived  and  kept  a 
tavern,  as  many  another  good  man  has,  in  what  is  now  known 
as  the  Briggs  house  (on  the  northwest  of  the  four  village 
corners),  and  which  is  said  to  have  been  built  in  1685 
though  added  to  since  at  various  times.  The  village  was 
then,  and  is  even  yet,  known  by  the  name  of  Bull  Head, 
and  the  inn  was  called  for  many  years "the^utTs  Head 
Tavern,  its  sign  probably  giving  the  name  to  the  local- 
ity. ||  He  also  owned  land  on  the  hills  near  Mr.  W.  D. 
Halsey's,  where  he  had  a  mill  which  has  given  its  name 
to  Wind  Mill  Hill.§ 

In  his  last  will  and  testament  he  states  that  "my  will 
is  that  my  son  John  be  brought  up  to  learning  at  col- 
lege, and  for  that  end  I  give  him  to  be  sold  by  my  exe- 
cutors in  trust"  certain  described  real  estate.  His  other 
children  then  receive  various  bequests  and  the  docu- 
ment continues,  "all  my  movable  property  is  to  be 
sold  at  public  auction  to  the  highest  bidder  within  a 
year  and  a  day,  and  the  money  to  be  put  out  at  interest 
for  six  in  the  hundred  rather  than  lye  dead,  for  the  sup- 
port of  my  children  until  the  youngest  shall  be  14  and 
be  bound  out  to  some  trade.  To  my  wife  Temperance 
[delightful  name  for  an  inn  keeper's  wife  !]  I  leave  the 
use  of  the  east  end  of  my  house  and  one-half  of  my  cellar 
and  one-half  of  my  well  and  one-third  of  my  real  estate." 
His  executors  were  Alathias  Burnett,  Thomas  Cooper 
and  Alexander  W^ilmot.  It  was  witnessed  by  Theo- 
philus  Howell,  Samuel  Gelston  and  Nathan  Sayre,  all 
good   men   and   true,   and   one   specially  mentioned  as   his 

t  T.  R.,  Vol.  VI,  p.  30. 

t  There  are  two  letters  from  Wick  to  the  Governor  in  N.  Y. 
Col.  Mss..  55:9  and  55:125. 

II  Opposite  the  tavern  in  his  day  was  the  Triangular  Common,  "a 
tract  extendins?  from  Mr.  McCaslin's  place  to  Mr.  Chester's  store  on 
the  east  and  from  there  to  the  graveyard  on  the  north,  then  along 
the  east  side  of  the  graveyard  to  the  Presloyterian  Churchyard." 

§  Operated  as  early  as,  and  probably  long  before,  1712.  T.  R., 
Vol.  II,  p.  163  and  VI,  p.  267. 


134  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOWS   OF  SOUTH  AM  HON 

fricp.d.     As  he  died  a  month  hiter.  he  was  evidently  in 
^ood  C()nij)any  right  up  to  the  end.* 

In  all  the  records  there  is  but  one  transaction  of  any 
sort  in  w  hich  his  name  appears  which  may  he  considered 
as  even  (|uestional)le  by  the  standards  of  two  centuries 
later,  and  that  was  a  little  matter  of  piracy.  In  Gov. 
Fletcher's  time,  which  was  indeed  the  golden  age  for 
gentlemen  of  that  profession  in  these  waters,  a  certain 
Josiah  Raynor  went  "out  a  privateering  (that  is  pirat- 
ing) with  Capt.  Tew"  and  when  he  came  home,  for  even 
pirates  have  homes,  the  Sheriff  of  Suft'olk  County  seized 
his  chest  which  "contained  in  it  a  considerable  treasure." 
Raynor  applied  for  help  to  his  "friend  W  ick,"  and  Wick 
to  his  friend  Emott  who  introduced  him  to  Gov. 
Fletcher,  to  whom  Wick  offered  £50  to  let  Raynor  go 
and  to  restore  him  his  chest,  which  the  Governor  ac- 
cepted, as  was  his  wont,  and  there  the  matter  would 
have  ended  excei)t  for  the  later  charges  brought  against 
Fletcher  in  which  this  Raynor  case  figured  somewhat 
prominently,  as  well  as  Wick's  frank  deposition  in  re- 
gard to  the  whole  affair. t 

The  above  are  the  recorded  facts,  and  they  indicate, 
if  the  recorded  facts  of  history  indicate  anything,  which 
i?.  open  to  all  of  us  sometimes  to  doubt,  that  here  we 
have  to  do  with  a  man  highly  esteemed  and  trusted  in 
the  community  in  which  he  lived,  one  of  the  highest 
officials  of  his  Town  and  County,  the  companion  of  the 
soundest  men  in  the  home  society  in  which  he  moved, 
trusted  in  New  York  business  circles,  the  loved  friend  of 
Col.  De  Peyster,  a  considerable  property  owner,  and  a 
thoughtful  parent,  providing  for  the  one  of  his  children 
he  evidently  thought  would  most  profit  by  it.  a  college 
education,  a  thing  so  rare  in  those  days  as  to  appear  in 

*  He  was  buried  in  the  rear  of  his  own  home  lot  about  30-40  rods 
north  of  Main  St.  and  the  same  distance  west  of  Lumber  Lane. 
The  stone  was  moved  some  years  ago  to  the  cemetery  in  Southamp- 
ton by  Lemuel  Wick,  last  of  the  name  in  the  town.  The  inscription 
is  as  follows:  "Here  was  laved  the  Body  of  Mr.  John  Wick,  Esq., 
Who  Dyed  January  the  I6th,  anno.,  1719  in  the  59th  year  of  his 
age." 

t   Col.  Docts.,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  337,  387,  459. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  135 

deeds  and  on  tombstones.*  Moreover,  his  children  after 
him  continued  respectable  citizens  and  above  the  aver- 
age. John  got  the  education  provided  for  him  and 
graduated  from  Yale  in  1722.! 

Having  thus  studied  Mr.  Wick  as  he  appears  in  his- 
tory, let  us  turn  to  the  traditional  aspect  of  the  same 
man.  The  first  tale  which  I  heard  of  him  was  in  his 
capacity  as  an  inn  keeper,  and  was  to  the  effect  that 
peddlars  journeying  through  the  village  used  to  put  up 
at  the  old  Bull's  Head,  and  like  those  who  sought  his 
prototype  the  Minotaur  of  old,  would  enter  but  not  re- 
turn,— in  plain  English,  that  more  than  one  of  them  was 
murdered  by  Wick  for  money.  Another  story  of  the 
same  cheerful  type  is  that  near  his  windmill,  already  al- 
luded to,  he  had  a  well  dug  in  a  spot  still  marked  by  a 
pile  of  pebbles,  and  employed  in  the  work  a  very  old 
negro  slave  who  dug  deeper  and  deeper  but  found  no  sign  of 
water.  Provoked  by  the  lack  of  success  and  desirous  of  rid- 
ding himself  of  a  superannuated  slave,  he  himself  shovelled 
the  dirt  back  while  the  old  man  was  in  the  hole  and 
buried  him  alive.  Of  an  even  more  imaginative  sort 
are  the  stories  which  state  that  he  possessed  magic 
powers  and  supernatural  gifts,  or  that  when  his  grave 
was  being  filled  ants  dug  out  the  earth  as  rapidly  as  it 
v/as  put  in,  or,  again,  that  some  men  of  the  village,  fish- 
ing off  the  coast  at  the  moment  of  his  death,  saw  the 
devil  carrying  his  black  soul  through  the  air  seaward. 

In  regard  to  his  burial  having  been  on  his  own  land 
instead  of  in  a  cemetery,  I  have  heard  that  a  grave  was 
dug  for  him  in  the  "old  cemetery,"  but  kept  caving  in, 
which  was  construed  as  an  omen,  and  also  that  the  auth- 
orities considered  him  so  wicked  that  they  would  not 
allow  him  to  be  buried  in  any  of  the  Burying  Grounds. 
Why  he  was  buried  on  his  own  land,  I  cannot,  of  course. 


*  In  1734  Elias  Petty,  of  Bridgehampton.  sold  to  Silas  White 
"one-half  of  my  20  acres,  which  I  bought  of  Walter  Wilmot,  student 
of  Yale  College."  T.  R.,  Vol.  VI.  n.  80.  In  same  year,  Walter 
Wilmot,  "member  of  Yale  College,"  deeds  property.  Ibid.  In  Sag? 
Burying  Ground  is  a  stone  which  reads,  "Here  lies  ye  Body  of  Mr. 
Henry  White,  Student  of  Yale  College,  who  died  May  4th,  1748,  in 
his  23rd  year." 

t  Vide,  Adams,  Memorials,  p.  96, 


130  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOIfX   OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

say  but  it  was  a  common  enough  custom  where  there 
was  no  burying-  ground  in  the  vicinity,  as  any  number 
of  single  graves  or  sinall  groups  testify,  and  at  the  time 
he  died  probal)!}-  neither  the  Hay  Ground,  roxaljogue 
nor  "Old"  Cemeteries  had  been  opened  for  there  are  no 
stones  in  any  of  these  for  a  number  of  years  subsequent 
to  his  death.* 

While  the  supernatural  tales  are  no  longer  seriouslv 
credited,  of  course,  the  belief  that  the  man  was  wicked 
through  and  through  and  the  perpetrator  of  horrid 
crimes  is  deeply  rooted  in  the  community,  although  not 
two  centuries  have  elapsed  since  his  death.  If  he  was  all 
that  his  record  indicates,  how  is  it  possible  that  this  mass 
of  false  legend  and  fable  should  have  gathered  around 
his  name  in  a  place  where  he  was  so  well  known  and 
where,  for  long  years  after  his  death,  reducing  to  a  com- 
paratively short  time  the  period  for  the  growth  of 
legend,  his  career  and  reputation  must  have  been  so  well 
remembered  by  his  friends  and  neighbors  in  so  small  a 
comnmnity?  Yet  the  historic  record  stands  and  the 
case  of  John  Wick,  Gentleman,  SherifY  of  Suffolk  County 
is  one  of  the  most  curious  and  instructive  matters  in  the 
history  of  our  Town. 

As  has  been  said  above,  the  latter  part  of  the  1 7th 
and  the  early  years  of  the  i8th  centuries  mark  a  period 
of  depression  in  the  moral  and  intellectual  life  of  New 
England.  Down  to  1640  practically  the  entire  adult  pop- 
ulation of  the  colonies  had  lived  in  Europe,  mainly  in 
England,  and  while  all  types,  good  and  bad,  were  repre- 
sented among  them,  there  was  not  only  the  powerful 
leaven  of  those  who  had  emigrated  from  religious  con- 
viction, but  all  had  come  under  the  refining  influences, 
such  as  they  were  in  their  day,  of  the  settled  order  of  life 
in  the  older  country.  As  we  have  noted  in  an  earlier 
chapter,  the  proportion  of  educated  men  here  was  strik- 
'"hb'  great  among  all  classes,  while,  in  New  England 
generally,  of  the  early  clergymen  seventy-seven  had  be- 
gun their  ministry    in    England    and    were    University 

*  So  common  was  the  custom  of  buryinpr  on  private  land  and  by 
private  funeral  as  well  that  the  Colonial  Legislature  passed  laws 
forbidding  it  in  1664  and  1684,  though  they  were  not  eniforced. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOIVN   Oh   SOUTHAMPTON  137 

men.*  To  some,  although  to  a  less,  extent  these  influ- 
ences were  still  felt  by  the  children  of  the  first  settlers, 
Init  with  the  stream  of  immigration  from  England  dried 
up,  with  scant  facilities  for  education  except  of  the  most 
rudimentary  sort,  with  the  earlier  generation  who  had 
known  other  conditions  of  life,  dead  and  gone,  subject 
only  to  the  influences  of  their  primitive  and  even  savage 
environment,  reacting  also  from  the  excess  of  religious 
zeal  and  Puritanical  observance,  the  social  and  religious 
life  of  the  people  declined  rapidly.  Gov.  Bellomont's  de- 
scription of  conditions  on  the  East  End  may  not  be  over- 
drawn, judging  by  what  we  know  of  them  in  New  York 
and  New  England  generally  at  that  period. 

Not  only  had  morals  become  lax  and  principles  of 
conduct  lowered,  so  that,  for  example,  piracy  and  mur- 
der were  accounted  almost  as  legitimate  trading  by 
prominent  New  York  merchants  and  at  least  one  Gov- 
ernor, as  well  as  the  humbler  folk  of  Long  Island,  but 
the  church  itself  had  greatly  declined  in  learning  and  in 
zeal.  A  new  church  building  was  indeed  erected  in 
Southampton  village  in  1707,!  and  the  routine  life  of  the 
church  was  maintained  but  its  power  and  influence  had 

*  Walker,  Aspects  of  Relig.  Life,  p,  49. 

t  Cor.  Main  St.  and  Meeting  House  Lane,  used  until  1844  when 
it  was  sold  to  the  Methodists,  and  the  present  church  built.  The 
Methodists  built  a  new  one  in  1884  and  the  old  one  then  became  the 
Village  Hall,  now  Fordham's  stationery  shop.  The  ministers  in 
Southampton  in  the  18th  Century  were:  Joseph  Whiting,  called  at 
a  Town  Meeting  June  27,  1682,  and  settled  a  short  time  after; 
agreement  dated  Feb.  7,  1636-7;  continued  till  death  Apl.  7,  1723; 
born  Apl.  6.  1641;  Grad.  Harvard  1661.  Samuel  Gelston,  ordained 
and  installed  Co-Pastor  Apl.  17,  1717;  removed  to  New  Castle,  Del., 
and  received  into  Presbvtery  there  Aug.  27,  1728.  Silvanus  White, 
ordained  and  installed  Nov.  17.  1727;  died  Oct.  22,  1782.  Osias  Eels, 
stated  supply  for  unknown  period.  James  Eels,  ditto.  Joshua  Wil- 
liams, ordained  May  26,  1785,  resigned  Apl.  23,  1789.  Mr.  Strong 
and  Mr.  Mills,  stated  supplies  for  unknown  periods.  Herman  Dag- 
gett, ordained  and  installed  Apl.  12,  1792,  resigned  June  8,  1795. 
David  S.  Bogart,  received  and  accepted  call  autumn  1795,  but  pre- 
vious to  ordination  and  installation  removed  to  Albany,  Jan.,  1797; 
returned  to  Southampton  in  a  few  months  and  was  ordained  and  in- 
stalled May  31,  1798;  resigned  and  dismissed  Nov.  6,  1806,  to  a 
Dutch  church  at  Bloomingdale;  recalled  to  Southampton  spring  of 
1807  and  reinstated  June  17,  1807;  resigned  and  finally  removed 
Apl.  15,  1813. 

The  second  parsonage  was  built  in  1736. 


138  HISTORY  UF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

waned.  They  were,  as  already  stated,  "town  churches" 
and  the  payment  of  rates  and  upkeep  of  the  estahlish- 
nient  was  obHgatory  upon  all.  however  dissatisfied  they 
mij^ht  1)C  with  the  doctrine  or  person  of  the  minister. 

As  the  new  century  advanced,  however,  signs  were 
not  wanting  of  what  later  came  to  be  called  "the  Great 
Awakening."  Revivals  occurred  in  various  places  in 
the  30's  as  well  as  earlier,  and  the  great  one  of  1740 
spread  its  influence  here.  The  people  of  Bridgehampton 
had  built  a  new  church  in  1737,*  and  tradition  states 
that  the  first  evening  meeting  w^as  held  in  1741  when  the 
Rev.  Gill)ert  Tennant,  one  of  the  revivalists  preached 
here,  as  did  also  on  one  occasion,  Whitcfield  himself.  He 
was  followed  by  the  Rev.  James  Davenport  who  had 
come  under  the  influence  of  the  wild  enthusiast  Ferris 
and  was,  like  him,  accustomed  to  provoke  his  hearers 
to  hysterical  outbursts.  As  a  result  of  this  outside 
preaching  a  "Separate,"  or  "New  Light"  church  was 
formed  in  Bridgehampton,  and  many  joined  in  the  move- 
ment of  secession  which  was  at  that  time  in  progress 
throughout  New  England,  though  this  seems  to  have 
been  the  only  example  of  the  movement  in  this  Town. 
A  church  w-as  built  on  the  southwest  corner  of  the  main 
country  road  and  New  Light  Lane,  t  the  Rev.  Elisha 
Painet  becoming  pastor  in  1752  and  remaining  until  his 

*  North  side  of  Sag-g  Rd..  about  30  rods  east  of  Ocean  Rd.  For 
a  full  description  of  the  building  see  Hedges'  Bi-Centennial  Address. 
Quoted  in  Memorials,  pp.  195  et  seq.  The  ministers  of  the  Bridge- 
hampton Church  during  the  18th  Century  were:  Ebenezer  White, 
already  mentioned,  until  he  resigned  June  15,  1748;  James  Brown, 
born  about  1721,  died  Apl.  22.  1788,  grad.  Yale  1747;  ordained  here 
June  15,  1748,  resigned  Mar.  27,  1775;  Aaron  Woolworth,  ordained 
Aug.  30,  1787.  There  was  no  regular  minister  during  the  Revolu- 
tion, the  work  being  largely  carried  on  bv  Deacon  David  Hedges. 
Mr.  Woolworth  was  born  Long  Meadow,  Mass.,  Oct.  25,  1763,  grad. 
Yale  1784,  received  honorary  degree  D.  D.  at  Princeton  1809,  died 
Apl.  4.  1821;  married  Mary,  dau.  of  Rev.  Samuel  Buell.  It  was  at 
his  house  that  was  organized,  July  6,  1815,  "The  Religious  Female 
Cent  Society."  still  in  existence  and  now  known  as  the  "Women's 
Missionary  Society."  He  lived  in  what  is  still  called  the  "Wool- 
worth  house,"  where  Rev.  Mr.  Brown  lived  before  him  and  which  is 
pre-Revolutionary  in  age  and  perhaps  much  older.  Vide,  Memorials, 
pp.  220  et  seq  for  deeds. 

t  Said  to  be  the  same  building  now  remodelled  and  used  as  a  sum- 
mer home  bv  Mrs.  Clavonce  Peck  on  Ocean  Road. 

t  Born  at  Eastham,  Mass.,  1693,  moved  to  Canterbury,  Conn.,  and 


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HISTORY    OF   THE    TOU'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON  139 

death  in  1775,  the  church  continuing  in  existence  as  a 
separate  body  until  about  1800.  Perhaps  the  most  abid- 
ing" result  of  the  movement,  here  and  elsewhere,  was  the 
impetus  it  gave  to  the  formation  of  separate  churches,  a 
movement  which  finally  ended  in  the  separation  of 
church  and  state,  the  abolishing  of  compulsory  rates, 
and  the  consequent  founding  of  many  churches  of  other 
denominations  in  the  following  century. 

In  connection  with  this  period,  one  incident  may  be 
mentioned  for  the  interest  of  the  general  episode  of 
which  it  was  a  very  small  part.  In  1755  occurred  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  French  Acadians,  Longfellow's  tale  of 
which  in  his  Evangeline,  is  known  to  every  school  boy. 
The  exiled  French  were  scattered  throughout  the  col- 
onies, a  few  being  placed  in  each  Town,  in  most  cases 
being  received  with  little  cordiality  as  there  was  much 
likelihood  of  their  becoming  town  charges.  According 
to  the  Governor's  designation  one  Alexander  Etbert, 
wife  and  live  children  were  assigned  to  Southampton,* 
but  this  was  apparently  altered  and  a  Margaret  and 
Mary  Le  Bar  came  instead.  At  that  time  the  hill  just 
south  of  the  Southampton  Club  was  Proprietor's  land, 
and  on  it  was  built  a  little  one-room  house  for  the  exiles. 
They  were  of  the  better  class,  and  Mary  married  a  Row- 
ley and  became  the  grandmother  of  Capt.  Barney  R. 
Green.  Margaret  long  lived  in  her  little  cottage  on  the 
bill,  and  it  is  from  this  lonely  Acadian  exile  that  the 
name  Margaret's  Hill  w^as  derived. 

became  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  that  state,  but  grew  deeply  in- 
terested in  religion,  began  preaching  and  suffered  imprisonment 
for  doing  so  without  being  "a  settled  and  ordained  minister."  For 
the  details  of  his  life,  see  Backus,  Hist,  of  N.  E.  (Baptists),  1777, 
Vol.  I.  Chap.  VII. 

*  Council  Min.  Mss.,  25:120. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

EARLY  COMMERCE  AND  T.  FUNDING  OF  SAG  HARBOR 

We  have  already  seen  in  an  earlier  chapter,  that  the 
first  port  of  the  Town  was  North  Sea,  founded  partly  to 
serve  that  purpose  by  John  Ogden  in  1650,  and  that  not 
many  years  later  both  Wm.  Barker  and  Joseph  Fordham 
had  warehouses  there  for  the  storing  of  goods.  As  the  set- 
lements  of  Sagg  and  Mecox  grew,  it  was  found  more 
convenient  for  the  people  in  those  neighborhoods  to  use 
the  landing  at  North-West,  and  Kdward  Howell,  who 
was  a  merchant  living  in  Poxabogue  by  1712,  cut  a  road 
through  the  woods  to  that  harbor,  still  known  as  "Mar- 
chant's  Path",  a  wharf  having  been  established  there  by 
East  Hampton  in  1700*  and  a  store  house  erected  be- 
fore I702.t  The  harbor,  however,  was  used  C(^nsiderably 
earlier,  for  in  1693  ^^""^  ^^^^^  i"  Southampton  being  found 
'"nott  only  cracked  butt  too  little"  was  sent  to  Ivondon  to 
be  exchanged  by  "the  good  Shipe  friends  Adventure"  by 
way  of  East  Hampton. :|: 

Commerce  at  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  was  car- 
ried on  in  small  boats  of  ten  or  twenty  tons,  and  prob- 
ably only  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  necessities  from 
other  settlements  on  the  New  England  coast,  but  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  for  a  long  time    the    vessels,    "pinks", § 

*  E.  H.  T.  R.  Vol.  II,  p.  476^ 

t  E.  H.  T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  28. 

t  T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  pp.400-404. 

??  The  Pink  was  orip:inally  a  very  small  vessel,  apparently  being 
flat  bottomed,  with  bulp:ing:  sides.  In  the  17th  and  18th  centuries 
the  term  was  applied  to  larger  vessels,  especially  war  ships.     The 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  141 

"snows,"t  brigs  and  so  forth,  of  the  day  remained  but 
tiny  craft  according  to  modern  notions,  they  soon  spread 
their  sails  over  wider  seas,  and  the  people  at  the  East 
End  took  their  share  in  the  West  Indian  trade,  which 
then  constituted  the  bulk  of  American  commerce,  so 
that  by  1678  Gov.  Andross  wrote  that  "our  principall 
places  of  trade  are  New  York  and  Southton  [Southamp- 
ton] except  Albany  for  the  Indyans".t  The  invention 
of  that  most  useful  type  of  vessel  the  schooner, 
m  1713,11  marked  a  great  a.''  -ince,  but  the  tonnage  still 
remained  very  small.  The  nint  which  could  be  stored 
in  these  little  craft  in  the.  i.f  of  cargo,  however,  was 
surprisingly  great  and  the  i(;llowing  document  in  that 
respect  is  worth  preserving  : 

"East  End  of  Long  Island. 
"Know  ye  that  Elisha  Jones,  Master  or  commander 
of  the  sloop  Hampton,  Burthen  Thirty  Tons  or  there- 
abouts, mounted  with  six  swivell  Guns,  navigated  with 
seven  men.  Plantation  Built  as  pr.  Register,  Bound  for 
Jamaica  Having  on  Board,  Seventy  Barrels  of  Beef, 
Thirty  Barrels  of  Pork,  five  Barrels  of  Tallow,  two  hun- 
dred bushels  of  Indian  Corn,  seven  thousand  staves. 
Twenty  thousand  shingles,  fifteen  hundred  hoops,  twen- 
ty-eight anchor  stocks,  five  hundred  bunches  of  onions, 
twelve  horses,  and  seventy  sheep  hath  entered  and 
cleared  in  his  Majesty's  Custom  House  at  the  East  End 
of  Long  Island,  in  the  New  York  District,  according  to 
I/aw  given  under  my  hand  and  seal  of  office,  8th  day  of 
December  in  the  21st  year  of  the  Reign  of  our  Sovereign 
Lord  George  the  Second  King  of  Great  Britain  &c. 
Anno  Dom.  1747. 

B.  SYLVESTER 
D.  Coll,  Surveyor  &  Searchr." 
The  above  gives  a  fair  idea  of  the  character  of  the  ex- 
common  characteristic  of  the  type  seems  to  have  been  a  very  high 
and  pinched-in  stern. 

t  The  Snow  was  equipped  with  two  masts  resembling  the  main- 
mast and  foremast  of  a  ship  and  a  third  smaller  one  close  to  and 
just  abaft  of,  the  mainmast.    In  rig  it  somewhat  resembled  a  brig. 

t  N.  Y.  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  261. 

II  The  first  schooner  is  said  to  have  been  built  by  Abraham  Rob- 
inson at  Gloucester,  Mass.,  in  that  year.    Weeden,  Vol.  II,  p.  573. 


142  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

ports  at  that  date  and  earlier,  just  how  early  the  trade 
began,  we  cannot  tell,  but  by  1684  we  find  James  l.oper, 
one  of  the  enterprising  spirits  of  East  Hampton,  trading 
through  the  West  ladies,  as  reported  by  Daniel  Johnson 
"a  barmodian"  +  On  the  return  voyages  were  brought 
molasses  and  rum  from  Surinam,  these  two  staples  and 
sugar  from  Barbadoes,  Antigua  and  Jamaica,  and  cocoa 
from  Curacoa,  as  well  as  Spanish  gold  coin  and  occas- 
ional cargoes  of  logwood. t  One  of  the  exported  articles 
mentioned  above  in  the  cargo  of  the  little  Hampton  was 
horses,  and  these  undoubtedly  formed  for  long  one  of 
the  staple  exports  from  the  East  End,  where  they  were 
raised  by  the  Coopers  and  others,  the  unusual  mortality 
among  them  in  the  Barbadoes  and  elsewhere  in  the  West 
Indies  necessitating  constant  replenishing  of  the  stock.* 
While  the  little  ships  from  North  Sea,  North  West, 
and  ".the  harbor  of  Sagg"  were  thus  making  long  voy- 
ages to  the  Indies,  they  also  kept  up  a  constant  trading 
v.ith  the  ports  of  the  New  England  colonies,  carrying 
whale  oil  to  Boston  and  other  products  all  along  the 
coast.  Trade  with  New  York,  however,  was  still  slight 
and  although  the  Towns  had  been  politically  annexed  to 
that  province  in  1664,  Lord  Cornbury  complained  to  the 
Lords  of  Trade  in  1703  that  "indeed  the  people  of  the 
East  End  of  Long  Island  are  not  very  willing  to  be  per- 
suaded to  believe  that  they  belong  to  this  province.  They 
are  full  of  New  England  principles.  They  chose 
rather  to  trade  with  the  people  of  Boston,  Connecticut 
and  Rhode  Island,  than  with  the  people  of  New  Yorke. 

X  Vide  lette^T^^.  T7RrVoh  II,  p.  151^ 

t  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  V,  p.  686. 

*  This  was  the  cause  of  a  government  inquiry  as  late  as  1842 
in  Barbadoes.  "The  extraordinary  and  almost  incredible  number 
of  horses  annually  imported  into  this  island  well  deserves  the  con- 
sideration of  the  Lejjislature,  with  a  view  to  the  adoption  of  such 
measures  as  may  be  likely  to  check  the  heavy  loss  occasioned  by  the 
great  mortality  which  takes  place  among  them.  From  the  9th  of 
April,  1833,  to  the  30th  of  June,  1842,  the  humber  of  horses  im- 
ported amounted  to  8318,  giving  a  yearly  average  of  924."  The 
mortality  was  estimated  in  the  report  as  25'7f  requiring  the  entire 
island  stock  to  be  replenished  every  4  years.  Schomburgk  Hist,  of 
Barbadoes,  p.  168.  Dr.  Sloane  stated  that  the  New  England  horses 
were  imported  into  Jamaica  and  lost  their  hair  on  arrival.  Voyage 
to  the  Islands  Medera,  &c.  1707,  Vol.  I,  p.  LXXXIV. 


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THE  l^EW  YORK 
,PI]P..TC  LIBRARY 


^  rcJI^D.-TlONSl 


ILD.  1-J 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOf/N  OF  SOITHAMFTON  143 

1  hope  in  a  short  time  I  shall  bring  them  to  a  better  tem- 
per, but  in  the  meantime  the  Trade  of  the  City  suffers 
very  much.*" 

Lord  Cornbury's  complaint  was  caused  only  partly, 
however,  by  the  loss  of  legitimate  trade.  The  West  India 
products  accounted  for  much  the  largest  part  of  the  cus- 
toms received  at  the  custom  house  in  New  Yorkf  and 
there  were  frequent  complaints-  that  these  duties  were 
evaded  by  landing  the  goods  at  the  East  End,  either  by 
pirates  or  mere  smugglers.  The  Governor's  discovery 
of  doings  on  the  East  End  had  been  anticipated  by  Lord 
Bellomont,  who  wrote  in  1700  that  "there  is  a  town 
called  Stamford  in  Connecticut  Colony  on  the  border 
of  this  Province,  where  one  Major  Selleck  lives  who  has 
a  warehouse  close  to  the  Sound  or  Sea,  that  runs  be- 
tween the  mainland  and  Nassau  Island.  That  man  does 
us  great  mischief  with  his  warehouse,  for  he  receives 
abundance  of  goods  from  our  vessels,  and  the  merchants 
afterwards  take  their  opportunity  of  running  them  into 
this  town.  Major  Selleck  receiv'd  at  least  £10000 
worth  of  treasure  and  East  India  goods  brought  by  one 
Clarke  of  this  town  from  Kidd  's  sloop  and  lodg'd  with 
Selleck".  t  This  was  the  Clarke  whom  we  met  in  the  last 
chapter,  landing  from  Kidd's  vessel  at  the  East  End  and 
sending  the  Earl  a  "very  sawcy  letter"  in  reference  to 

*  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  IV,  p.  1058. 

t  "This  [1669]  has  been  the  worst  year  that  ever  was  known  in 
New  York  for  the  Revenue  by  reason  of  the  great  scarcity  of  Sugar, 
Rum  and  MoUasses  at  Barbadoes,  and  the  other  Islands  and  of 
Wines  at  the  Madeira's;  for  from  those  Articles  the  customs  of 
New  York  do  chiefly  arise".  Earl  of  Bellomont.  Col.  Docts.  Vol. 
IV,  p.  600. 

The  following  figures  of  tonnage  cleared  at  the  port  of  New  York 

from  June  24,  1715  to  June  24,  1718  show  clearly  the  importance 

of  the  West  Indian  and  non-English  trade. 

To  Great  Britain 

"     Brit.  Plantations  on  the  continent 

"     Newfoundland 

"     British   Islands    (West  Indies,   &c.) 
"     Madeira,  Africa,  &c. 
"     Foreign  Plantations 
"     Europe 

Total  22392 

Col    Docts.  Vol.  V.  p.  618. 
f    :    Col.  Docts.  Vol.  IV,  p.  783. 


4382  tons. 

4234 

395 

4629  " 

8776 

1395 

2595 

615 

13381  " 

144  HISTORY  OF  THli  TOWN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON 

his  doings,  so  that  Major  Selleck's  warehouse  was  evi- 
dently one  of  the  underground  passages  between  the 
East  End  and  the  New  York  markets.  It  must  be  re- 
membered that  while  there  was  a  custom  house  at  New 
York,  Connecticut  at  that  time  had  free  trade,  and  as 
Lord  Cornbury  sagely  observes  "Connecticut  is  oppo- 
site to  two  thirds  of  Long  Island",  adding  that  "there 
has  been  for  S(»nK'  time  no  trade  between  the  City  of 
New  ^■orke  and  the   Ivist   h'.nd  of  Long  Island".! 

The  ijuestion  of  collecting  the  revenue  from  Long  Is- 
land was  a  thorny  one  and.  as  we  have  seen,  remained  so 
down  to  the  Revolution.  The  matter  of  Long  Island 
ports  of  entry  has  not,  so  far  as  I  know,  been  treated  of 
elsewhere,  the  statement  usually  being  made  that  the 
first  custom  house  to  be  established  was  that  at  Sag 
Harbor  in  1788.*  While  the  latter  statement  is  not  true, 
the  matter  is  involved  in  considerable  obscurity  and  I 
therefore  give  the  result  of  my  researches. 

In  1665,  Gov.  NichoUs  having  been  "informed  that 
there  hath  beene  formerly  great  Abuses  at  Oyster  Bay, 
Huntington  and  other  places  on  Long  Island  in  Land- 
ing of  Tobacco,  and  giving  in  security  for  the  paying  of 
His  ALaties  Dutyes"  &c.  appointed  John  LTnderhill  to  be 
"Surveyor  of  Long  Island"  and  to  observe  and  act  on  all 
breaches  of  the  revenue  laws.  $^  In  1668  Thomas  Chat- 
field  was  appointed  Collector  of  Customs  at  the  "Towne 
or  Port  of  East  Hampton"  making  return  to  "the  Chief 
Customer  at  New  Yorke".:j:  and  in  June  1670  John  Lay- 
ton    (Laughton)    was    appointed     a     "Sub-collector    of 

t  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  IV,  p.  1058. 

*  New  York  and  Sag:  Harbor  were  designated  Ports  of  Entry  the 
same  day,  the  first  vessel  registering:  here  being  the  Brig  Lucy, 
Sept.  8,  1788.  The  custom  house  here  was  abolished  July  1,  1913. 
The  Collectors  had  been  1778-90,  John  Gelston;  1790-1822,  Henry 
P.  Dering;  1822-30,  H.  T.  Dering;  1830-42,  John  P.  Osborn;  1842-45, 
Henry  T.  Dering;  1845-6.  Abel  Huntington;  1846-9,  H.  T.  Dering; 
1849-52,  Edwin  Rose;  1852-57,  Sam'l  L.  Gardiner;  1857-61,  Jason 
M.  Terbell;  1861-65,  John  Sherry;  1865-80,  Wickham  S.  Havens; 
1880-85,  Wm.  Lowen:  1885-90,  Clothier  H.  Vaughn;  1890-92,  John 
Sherrv,  Jr.;  1892-96,  Cornelius  R.  Sleight;  1896-1909,  Peter  Dippel; 
1909-1912,  B.  Frank  Harris;  1912-13,  Frank  W.  Corwin.  Deputy. 

55   Col.  Docts.  Vol.  XIV,  p.  566. 
%  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  XIV,  p.  608. 


Methodist  Church,  Sag  Harbor 


I'  THE  ^!EW  VORK 
:  r'-'  TC  LIBRAR 


\OU.   LENOX 

;    iLu.N  rcuND..-not 

I     III  -I  f   ■"   — "" 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  145 

Southampton  &  ye  places  there  adjacent"*  which  would 
seem  to  be  the  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  first  cus- 
tom house  in  the  Town.  The  next  reference  I  have 
found  is  in  the  Southold  Town  Recordsf  at  a  Town 
Meeting-  of  May  6,  1671,  when  five  men  were  appointed 
"to  act  with  Southampton  and  Easthamton  men  to 
desier  Master  willson  to  gett  of  the  Costom  and  obtaine 
shuch  other  priveliges  as  hee  can  get  for  us : —  And 
these  men  according  to  the  Townes  mind  have  don  it". If 
Apparently  the  custom  house  was  still  at  Southampton 
for  on  Nov.  19,  1672,  John  Jennings  was  appointed  "cus- 
tomer" there  with  John  Laughton.t  In  1674,  in  the  in- 
structions to  Mr.  Dyer,  Collector  at  New  York,  there  is 
mention  of  the  "Custmrs  of  ye  other  ports  of  my  said 
Colony", II  and  on  Mar.  5,  1675  the  following  appears  in 
the  Council  Minutes  (text  mutilated)  "  .  .  .  .  shipps  or 
vessells  trading  in  this  G shall  at  their  first  com- 
ing in,   enter goods,   &   pay   their  dutys   at   New 

Y where  else  &  at  their  departure  clea.  ...   at  ye 

sd.  port.  Except  for  ye  present Towns  of  South- 
ton   &  Southold  where have  liberty  to  enter,   & 

cleare  untill   f order". §     We  have   already   seen 

that  Andross  (Apl.  16,  1678)  spoke  of  New  York  and 
Southampton  as  the  principal  places  of  trade  in  the  col- 
ony, which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  latter 
place  ,was     also     a     port'    of     entry,     but     only     four 

*  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  XIV,  p.  637. 

t  Southold  T.  R.,  Vol.  I,  p.  339. 

1  In  the  orders  of  the  Court  of  Assizes  at  New  York,  Oct.  7, 
1671  Order  No.  3  states  that  the  duties  are  not  properly  collected 
except  at  New  York  and  orders  the  duties  to  be  paid  to  the  proper 
officers  by  vessels  entering  or  leaving  "any  of  ye  Ports  upon  Long 
Island,  as  well  as  ye  East  End  thereof".  State  Historians  Rept. 
Col.  Ser.  Vol.  I,  p.  i74. 

%  Council  Min.  Mss.  3  Pt.  1  p.  119.  This  was  printed  "vice  John 
Laughton",  but  the  Mss.  reads  "with".  (Letter  of  Mr.  Peter  Nel- 
son, State  Archivist.)  Nov.  28,  1672  Gov.  Lovelace  wrote  Cant.  John 
Howell,  Justice,  "I  understand  there  is  a  vessel  designed  for  yor 
ports  of  a  very  considerable  cargo;  if  his  Maties  officers  of  the 
Custome  shall  have  occasion  of  yor  assistance,  I  doubt  not  but  you 
will  afford  it  them".     Col.  Docts.  Vol.  XIV,  p.  677. 

!|   Col.  Docts.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  222. 

S  Cornell  Min.  Mss.  Vol.  Ill  Pt.  2,  p.  27.  Margins  were  burned 
in  the  Capitol  fire. 


146  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

days  later  in  the  same  year,  we  find  the  Council 
acting  upon  the  petition  of  a  Boston  merchant,  who  had 
purchased  a  large  quantity  of  whale  oil  at  the  East  End 
for  shipment  from  North  Sea  to  England,  praying  that 
he  might  not  have  to  undergo  the  hazard  of  taking  it  to 
New  York  first  in  order  to  clear  from  that  port  as  re- 
quired. The  petition  was  granted  under  certain  condi- 
tions, but  apparently  the  local  custom  house  had  then 
been  given  up.  § 

In   1684  Sir  John  Werden  writing  to  Gov.  Dongan, 
noted  that  "some  of  the  inhabitants  in  ye  east  end  of 

Long  Island by  reason  of  their  distance   from 

New  Y.  desire  a  port  there"  and  that  the  Governor  ap- 
proved, and  in  turn  gave  him  permission  to  establish  it, 
which  was  done.  It  was  maintained  for  at  least  three 
years  and  a  half^l  but  in  1692  we  find  the  inhabitants  of 
SufTolk  County  again  petitioning  for  a  port,||  which  was 
denied  them,  and  again  a  port  was  asked  for  in  1694.* 
Apparently  these  requests  were  not  granted,  but  in  1699. 
Samuel  Sewall,  of  Boston,  on  a  pleasure  cruise  to  Long 
Island  Sound  reported  that  "they  have  a  privilege  of 
late  that  the  East  End  of  Long  Island  may  clear  at  New 
London",!  which  arrangement  also  held  in  1708  and 
seems  to  have  done  so  until  abolished  in  1/21.1;  As  may 
be  seen  in  the  clearance  paper  given  earlier  in  the  chap- 
ter, there  was  a  custom  hous^  at  the  East  End  in   1747 


§   N.  Y.  Col.  Mss.  27:66  and  35:43. 

H    Col.  Docts.  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  350  and  402. 

II  "To  his  Exclly  Benjamin  Flecther  Esq  Capt  genii  and  Governr. 
In  Chiefe  in  &  over  the  province  of  new  york  &c  and  there  Majestys 
Honble  Councell 

The  Humble  Peticon  of  the  Inhabetants  of  the  County  of  Suffolk 
Humbly  Sheweth 

Whereas  your  Excllys  peticonrs  Lye  under  great  Inconveniency 
by  Reason  we  are  abridged  the  Liberty  of  a  port  in  this  County 
that  wee  cannot  make  the  benefit  of  what  is  Raised  here  for  our 
comfortable  subsistance  and  paying  the  Requisset  Charges  Layed 
upon  us  are  of  absolute  Necessity  Constrained  to  Address  your 
Exclly  and  Honrs  that  you  would  be  pleased  to  Comiserate  our 
Condition  so  as  to  grant  us  a  port  In  this  County  wee  paying  the 
Dutys  thereof  as  by  Law  Required"  &c.    N.  Y.  Col.  Mss.  38:176. 

♦  Council  Min.  Mss.  6:125.    Council  Min.  Printed  1:52.  March  15. 

t  Sewall,  Diary,  Vol.  II,  p.  440. 

t  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  V,  p.  59.   Ibid  p.  631. 


THE  1^1  EV'^^  ''or.K 
PUBLIC-LIBFARY 


ilLDEN    fCL'NDATlONSj 


John  Jermain  House,  Sa^  Harbor 


Old  North  Haven  Toll  Bridge 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  ]47 

and  B.  Sylvester  was  then  "Deputy  Collector  and  Search- 


er". 


Meanwhile,  a  new  harbor  had  gradually  come  into 
use,  destined  later  to  be  the  most  important  one  on  this 
end  of  the  Island  and  to  command  a  leading  place  in  the 
American  whaling  industry.  This  was,  of  course.  Sag 
Harbor,  so  called  because  it  was  originally  the  harbor 
for  Sagg,  as  Northwest  was  for  East  Hampton  and 
North  Sea  for  Southampton.  So  far  as  has  been  found, 
the  first  recorded  mention  of  the  new  port  is  that  in  the 
accounts  of  the  Town  Trustees  in  1707,  wherein  a 
charge  is  made  "for  going  to  Sag  Harbor  to  evidence 
for  ye  town  3s  6d".  The  topography  of  the  place  has 
changed  enormously  since  its  settlement,  and  the  earlier 
conditions  existing  there  may  have  delayed  its  use  as  a 
harbor. II  The  meadow  originally  extended  across  Main 
Street  and  up  to  the  cliff,  from  which  rose  Turkey,  or 
Cliff  Hill.  Between  that  and  Meeting  House  Hill  was  a 
swamp  which  closed  Main,  and  perhaps  Madison  Streets, 
and  there  was  also  a  great  swamp  east  of  the  Old  Bury- 
ing Ground  and  the  above  hills,  the  water  from  which 
flowed  down  Burke  Street  to  the  harbor.  Turkey  Hill 
was  cut  down  and  dumped,  to  the  depth  of  four  or  five 
feet  upon  the  north  and  west  side  of  Main  Street;  and 
Meeting  House  Hill  onto  Main,  Madison,  Washington, 
Division  and  Hampton  Streets,  which.  Judge  Hedges 
says,  were  before  impassable.*     The  early  roads  were 

II  For  early  topography  see  Hedges,  Sag  Harbor  Address,  passim. 

*  Originally  the  tide  flowed  over  most  of  the  meadow  (called  the 
Wentworth  meadow)  and  this  was  at  first  considered  the  most  valu- 
able land  at  the  Harbor  on  account  of  the  fodder  for  horses  and 
cattle  produced  on  it.  It  was  settled  nearly  a  century  before  the 
upland.  Mr.  H.  D.  Sleight  writes  me,  "The  greater  portion  of  the 
w'est  side  of  Sag  Harbor  Main  Street  stands  upon  the  edge  of  the 
Wentworth  meadow.  The  buildings  are  mostly  upon  'made' 
ground.  I  saw  a  trench  opened  at  the  time  the  Julia  King  fountain 
was  placed  in  Madison  Square.  At  a  depth  of  over  three  feet  the 
laborers  unearthed  a  wooden  sidewalk  and  an  old  English  colonial 
coin  was  also  found.  The  foundations  of  the  new  Sag  Harbor  Sav- 
ings Bank  had  to  be  placed  upon  niling.  A  glance  at  many  of  the 
brick  buildings  on  the  west  side  of  Main  Street,  will  show  how  they 
have  settled  and  how  the  walls  are  cracked  although  I  understand 
the  foundations,  at  least  the  rear  foundations,  are  all  on  piles.  The 
Hedges  House,  a  big  brick  building  at  one  time  owned  and  con- 
ducted as  a  sailor's  boarding  house  by  a  paternal  grandfather  of 


148  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

more  circuitous  than  today,  that  from  East  Hampton 
coming  through  Pine  Swamp,  north  of  Nortlnvest 
Creek,  following  the  landing  opposite  Turkey  Hill  and 
running  so  close  to  the  cliff  that  at  high  tide  one  wheel 
of  a  wagon  would  tilt  on  the  bluff  while  the  other  would 
actually  be  in  the  water.*  The  road  from  Sagg  "ran 
from  the  point  where  Sagg  and  Wainscott  Roads  inter- 
sect, north  of  Long  Pond,  came  out  north  of  the  house  of 
Sanuiel  T.  Hildreth,  deceased,  and  south  of  Otter  Pond, 
passed  the  old  Jesse  Halsey  house  and  between  the  Cove 
and  Otter  Pond,  and  skirting  the  Cove  and  west  edge  of 
the  Meadow,  to  the  landing  near  the  old  Toll  Gate  of  the 
North  Haven  Bridge,  following  sf)me  part  of  Glover  and 
West  Water  Streets". f  The  Bridgehampton  road  fol- 
lowed generally  the  present  Brick  Kilns  road.j 

The  purchase  of  Hog  Neck  had  been  confirmed  by  the 
Shelter  Island  Indians  in  1665II  and  in  1680  land  there 
and  in  the  meadows  had  been  allotted  by  the  Town.§ 
while  there  are  frecjuent  sales  of  land  there  from  that 
date  on.  As  noted  above,  the  place  had  already  become 
known  as  Sag  Harbor  by  1707,  and  it  makes  its  first  ap- 
pearance in  the  Town  Records  in  1710.''  when  it  is  called 
Sagaponack  Harbor.  The  next  year  it  appears  for  the 
first,  and  so  far  as  I  know  the  only,  time  as  "Bridge 
Hampton  Harbor,^  while  in  1712  there  is  recorded  the 

mine  was,  previous  to  the  introduction  of  city  water  in  Sag  Har- 
bor, served  by  a  bucket  well,  40  feet  deep.  In  times  of  easterly 
gales  driving  in  high  tides  this  well  would  salt  so  we  sank  a  drive 
pipe  from  40  to  90  feet;  we  got  nothing  but  salt  water.  .  .  At  times 
of  high  tides  the  cellars  of  buildings  upon  both  sides  of  Main  Street 
flood.  At  one  time  I  remember  that  school  in  the  old  Union  school 
house  (Mansion  house  building)  had  to  be  dismissed  because  the 
rising  tide  in  the  cellar  put  out  the  furnace.  I  have  seen  our  compos- 
itors obliged  to  come  from  Meadow  Street  to  the  Corrector  office  by 
boat  to  enter  a  rear  door,  and  pigs,  chickens  and,  in  one  instance, 
horses  have  been  drowned". 

*  This  was  early  changed  so  as  to  leave  out  the  Creek,  commg 
out  at  the  east  end  of  Eastville.  It  was  later  cut  through  the 
slough. 

t  Hedges  Address. 

t  It  struck  over  in  front  of  S.  T.  Hildreth's  house  at  Ligonee 
Brook. 

II  T.  R.  Vol.  II.  p.  356. 

§  T.  R.  Vol.  II.  p.  88  et  seq. 

a  T.  R.  Vol.  VI.  p.  47. 

b  T.  R.  Vol.  VI,  p.  50. 


THE  HEW  VORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


ASTOR,   LENOX 
TILDEN    FOUNDATIONS! 


►-« 
^-» 

on? 

O 
< 


o 

o 

c 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  149 

sale  of  Stony  Island  lying  "between  Hog  Neck  and  Sag 
Harbor".* 

Tradition  has  always  placed  its  real  settlement  as 
about  1730,  but  I  believe  there  were  undoubtedly  houses 
there  before  that  date.  Samuel  Russel  was  the  first 
recorded  settler  and  his  house  is  supposed  to  have  been 
on  the  west  side  of  Main  St.  near  the  north  end,t  but 
either  he  or  some  other  man  named  Russell  was  living  on 
Hog  Neck  with  his  family  as  early  as  1704.I  References 
to  Sag  Harbor  at  this  very  early  period  may  be  found 
not  only  in  the  Records  but  elsewhere.  There  was  con- 
stant intercourse  at  that  time  between  the  East  End  and 
New  London,  where  there  lived  a  man  named  Joshua 
Hempstead,  who  among  other  things  dealt  in  rum,  and 
used  to  come  over  here  to  sell  it,  and  who  kept  a  most  re- 
markably minute  diary,  which  begins  in  171 1.    The  pub- 

*  T.  R.  Vol.  VI,  p.  106.  The  first  preserved  Bill  of  Lading  reads  as 
follows: 

"Shipped  by  the  Grace  of  God,  in  good  order  and  well  conditioned 
by  Francis  Pelletreau,  in  and  upon  the  good  sloop  called  the  Port- 
land Adventure,  whereof  is  Master  under  God  for  this  present  voy- 
age Richard  Hartshorne,  and  now  riding  at  anchor  in  the  harbor  of 
Sagg,  and  by  God's  Grace  bound  for  New  York,  to  say:  Five  barrells 
of  Beef  and  nine  barrells  of  Pork,  two  Furkings  of  Butter,  two  ditto 
Cranberry,  and  one  ditto  of  Eggs,  for  the  proper  Accompt  and 
Risque  of  Francis  Pelletreau  and  goes  consigned  to  himselfe.  Being 
marked  and  numbered  as  in  the  Margent,  and  are  to  be  delivered 
in  the  like  good  order  and  well  conditioned  at  the  aforesaid  port 
of  New  York  (the  dangers  of  the  seas  except),  unto  Francis  Pelle- 
treau or  to  his  assigns.  He  or  they  paying  Freight  for  the  said 
goods  sixteen  pence  per  barrell,  and  four  pence  half  penny  per 
Furking,  with  primage  and  average  account  added.  In  witness 
thereof  the  Master  and  Purser  of  the  said  sloop  hath  aflfirmed  two 
bills  of  Lading  all  of  this  Tener  and  Date,  One  of  which  two  Billg 
being  accomplished  the  other  is  to  stand  Void.  And  so  God  send 
the  good  Sloop  to  her  desired  Port  in  safety.  Amen. 

Dated  in  Southampton  ye  26th  of  November,  1731. 
Rich'd  Hartshorne. 
Beef  F.  P.  B. 
Porke  F.  P.  P. 
Cranberry  F.  P.  C. 
Eggs  F.  P.  E. 
Butter  F.  P.  1  to  2." 

t  Hedges,  Address  p.  8.    T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  71. 

t  "Ordered  that  Capt.  Theophilus  Howell  shall  go  to  Hog  neck 
and  warne  Daniel  Sayres  tenant  called  Russell,  who  lives  upon  Hog 
Neck,  forthwith  to  depart  with  his  family  to  ye  place  from  whence 
he  cFime  from".  T.  R.  Vol.  V,  p  166.  This  order  was  probably  not 
carried  into  effect. 


150  HISTURY    Ot    THE    JOHN    Of  SOUTH  AM  HTON 

lication  of  this  diary  has  settled  the  vexed,  if  not  very  im- 
portant, question  of  where  the  rum  then  came  from,  and 
out  of  innumerable  entries  referring  to  East  End  men 
and  places  I  note  only  the  following:  "June  15,  1714,  I 
Avent  to  Sag  &  ye  Harbour.  1  sold  i  bb  Hum  for  3s  6d 
gall  qt.  313/^  to  Mr.  White."  "Mar.  8  171 7.  I  went  with 
A\'illson  to  Sag  harbour  by  sunset."  "June  19  171 7.  I 
Taryed  at  Easthampton  &  South  and  thereabouts  Selling 
my  Rum  &  till  friday  28th  ...  .1  sold  i  bb  to  Theo- 
philus  Pierson  for  3s  6d  p.  gall.  I  Reed  all  the  mony.  I 
sold  I  hhd  107  gall  to  Daniel  Sayre  Juner  for  £i6-Ts-od 
in  S-ilver  mony  to  be  paid  by  the  Middle  of  September 
Next".* 

At  whatever  date  actual  settlement  may  have  been 
made,  it  is  certain  that  at  first  the  community  was  ex- 
ceedingly small,  Ei)hraim  Fordham,  who  was  born  there 
in  1737,  being  able  to  recall  when  there  was  but  one 
housef  and  Mrs.  Ruth  Sayre,  an  old  resident,  told  that 
notoriously  careful  and  accurate  student  of  Sag  Harbor 
history,  Mr.  Luther  D.  Cook,  in  1858,  that  she  could  re- 
member when  there  were  only  three,  occupied  by  John 
Foster,  Daniel  Fordham,  and  James  Howell. J  and  it  has 
also  been  said  that  these  were  still  the  only  houses  in 
1740.11  In  1738,  however,  there  was  allotted  a  large  sec- 
tion of  the  undivided  land  of  the  Town,  a  line  being  run 
from  the  East  Hampton  boundary  to  North  Sea,  and  lots 


*  "Sept.  9  1713.  went  to  ye  funeral  in  ye  aftem  &  after  itt  was 
over  to  Mr.  Latimores  to  eat  Watermillions.  Josiah  Topping  came 
to  my  house  &  Siprned  over  an  Indian-to  me  as  p.  Indenture  I  to  sell 
him  for  wt  I  can  &  to  pay  myself."  This  book  is  a  mine  of  refer- 
ences to  Long:  Island  as  well  as  New  London  people.  Diary  of 
Joshua  Hempstead,  New  London  County  Hist.  Soc.  1901. 

t  "In  Middlotown,  on  Friday  May  1st  at  the  house  of  his  son,  Mr. 
Ephraim  Fordham  in  the  96th  year  of  his  ap:e.  He  was  horn  at 
Sajr  Harbor,  L.  I.  Mar.  12,  1737  O.  S.  He  has  often  said  that  he 
could  remember  when  there  was  but  one  house  at  Sag:  Harbor  T.air^- 
iny;  and  that  firewood  was  the  princinle  article  of  export".  (Death 
notice  in  newspaper  clipping  dated  1832  in  Onderdonk  Scrap  Books, 
L.  L  Hist.  Soc.) 

t  From  an  article.  Old  Sag  Harbor  by  L.  D.  Cook.  On  the  tomb- 
stone of  Npthan  Fordham  (Old  Cemetery)  it  is  noted  that  ho  died 
1805  in  his  84th  year,  ?nd  that  he  was  one  of  the  first  who  began  the 
settlement  of  Sag  Harbor.  John  Foster  was  a  delegate  to  the  first 
provincial  Congress  in  Npw  York    May  ?2d.  1775. 

II  Testimony  of  Mrs.  Miranda  Beers.  Hedges,  Address  p.  35. 


I     THE  ^EW  YORK     i 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY' 

ASTO!^,   LENOX 
HLDLIN    FOUNDATIONS! 


Old  Schoolhouse,  Sag:  Harbor 


Outpost  Captured  by  Coloiud  Meigs  in  Revolution 


HISTORY  Oh  THE  TOWN  Ot  SOUTHAMPTON  ]51 

-laid  out  north  and  south,  known  as  the  "Great  North" 
and  "Great  South"  Divisions,*  including  part  of  Sag  Har- 
bor, where  another  division  of  land  was  again  made  in 

i745-t 

Apparently  in  1756  a  store  house  and  tan  yard  were 
built,  John  Foster,  Jr.  leasing  land  from  Nathan  Ford- 
ham,  Jr.  for  that  purpose,  the  rental  being  "one  pepper 
corn  if  it  be  lawfully  demanded"  and  Foster  having  suf- 
ficient faith  in  the  permanency  of  the  undertaking  or  the 
lowness  of  the  rental  to  make  the  lease  for  999  years. I 

The  first  landing  is  traditionally  believed  to  have 
been  at  Zachery's  Point, ||  but  in  spite  of  much  local  anti- 
quarian research  the  date  of  the  building  of  the  first 
v\'harf  remains  unknown.  In  April  1761  Nathan  Ford- 
ham,  Jr.  and  James  Foster  obtained  the  privilege  of 
building  one,  as  well  as  a  try  house,  from  the  Town  of 
Southampton.  The  first  whale  ships  had  been  out 
cruising  the  preceding  year  and  it  is  probable  that  Ford- 
ham  and  Foster  were  anticipating  the  development  of 
the  industry.!  Judge  Hedges  thought  that  no  substan- 
tial wdiarf  had  previously  been  in  existence,  but  that, 
following  the  grant,  one  was  built  just  east  of  the  old 
North  Haven  bridge.  J;,  In  1770,  the  Town  of  East  Hamp- 
ton made  a  grant  to  forty  men,  thirty  from  Southamp- 
ton  and  nine  from   East  Hampton,   together  with   Ed- 

*  T.  R.  Vol.  II  pp.  83,  92  et  seq.   A.  and  408. 

t  T.  R.  Vol.  II,  p.  71.  In  1761  occurred  the  next  allotment  known 
as  the  "Twelve  Acre  Division".    Vol.  II,  pp.  189  et  seq. 

X  T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  166.  There  is  also,  undated,  another  reference 
to  a  warehouse  (Vol.  V,  p.  89),  "Vooted  that  Richard  Shaw  shall 
have  liberty  to  sett  up  a  warehouse  at  Sag  Harbor  in  sum  place  at 
ye  discretion  of  Elisha  Howell  and  Isaac  Jessup  where  they  shall 
think  most  convenient".  I  think  this  notice  is  of  an  earlier  date 
than  the  other, 

II  Named  for  Zachery  Sanford,  father-in-law  of  Peter  Hildreth, 
for  whom  was  named  "Peter's  Green"  where  the  spider  legged 
wind  mill  stood  early  in  the  last  century. 

H  The  ships  were  the  Good  Luck,  Success  and  Dolphin,  owned  by 
Joseph  Conkling,  John  Foster  and  others. 

§  L.  D.  Cook  stated  that  in  the  early  days  there  was  a  short 
wharf  and  landing  place,  the  remains  of  which  could  be  seen  in 
1830,  a  short  distance  east  of  the  southern  end  of  "Payne's  Bridge". 
From  1830-5  its  site  was  imnroved  by  walling  and  filling  in.  mak"ng 
a  capacious  enclosure  in  which  to  store  oil  casks.  It  was  here  the 
oil  was  tried  and  casked.  (Address  April  19,  1858). 


l-)2  lUSTURY  Oh   THE  ToU  S  Ot  SULTHAMrTUN 

ward  NicoU,  to  build  a  wharf  and  form  a  company,  the 
capital  to  be  divided  into  forty  shares  of  £20  each, J  and 
we  know  this  to  have  been  built,  because  in  1783  it  was 
voted  that  any  person  helping  to  repair  it  would  be  ex- 
empt from  working  on  the  highways. ||  Private  docu- 
ments seen  by  Judge  Hedges,  moreover,  indicate  that  it 
was  built  immediately  and  completed  by  at  least  April 
\yyi.%  This  was  the  "Long  Wharf",  which  at  the  height 
of  the  whaling  industry  is  said  to  have  been  300  yards 
in  length  and  to  have  paid  from  25  to  30%  dividends.  In 
1808  the  land  for  a  third  dock  was  granted  by  East 
Hampton  to  the  State,  which  constructed  at  its  own  ex- 
pense what  was  known  as  the  State  Pier.^ 
'^^At  the  time  of  the  Revolution  there  were  also  three 
wind  mills  on  the  shore,  two  between  the  wharves  and 
one  west  of  the  older  one,  but  these  long  since  disap- 
peared, as  well  as  all  of  the  earlier  houses.  Among  the 
oldest  of  the  latter  still  remaining  may  be  mentioned 
that  on  Main  St.  owned  by  H.  M.  Lindstedt,  which  is 
said  to  have  been  built  in  1797  for  Capt.  John  Hildreth, 
a  sea  captain  in  the  West  India  trade;  the  old  Fordham 
tavern  moved  to  Glover  St.  and  -altered  beyond  recog- 
nition ;  the  house  now  moved  back  of  Mr.  Fahy's  barn 
on  North  Haven,  built  1802  for  John  Payne;  the  "Um- 
brella House"  on  Division  St.,  said  to  be  pre-Revolution- 
ary;  the  Ebenezer  Sage  house  on  Sage  St.,  now  used  as 
a  factory  store;  the  Whiten  Foster  house  on  Main  St.; 
the  Thaddeus  Coles  house  on  Hampton  St.*  One  of  the 
old  Sag  Harbor  houses  was  moved  to  Mecox  some  fifty 
years  ago,  where  it  iow  looks  like  an  old  original  home- 
stead on  the  east  side  of  Ocean  Road,  almost  facing  Me- 
cox  Road.      The  windmill   standing  on    Mr.   Berwind's 

$  This  was  to  be  35  ft.  wide  and  to  have  60  ft.  of  water  on  each 
side,  at  the  boundary  line  between  the  two  Towns.  E.  H.  T.  R.  Vol. 
IV.  pp.  220  et  seq. 

II  E.  H.  T.  R.  Vol.  IV,  p.  244, 

§  Deeds  for  sale  of  shares  by  Thomas  Foster,  Apl.  25,  1771,  and 
Jeremiah  Hedp:es,  Dec.  1  1773.    Both  are  named  in  the  grant. 

a  E.  H.  T.  R.  Vol.  IV,  p.  357. 

*  The  house  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  was  built  by  Ben- 
jamin Huntting.  The  old  house  of  John  Jermain,  her  grandfather 
.still  stands  on  the  east  side  of  Main  Street  and  is  also  owned  by 
her. 


HJSTORY    Uf   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTH  AM  HTON  153 

• 

place  at  Bridgehampton  was  also  moved  from  the  Har- 
bor in  1837,  it  having  originally  stood  on  Sherrill  Hill, 
where  it  was  built  by  a  Mr.  Beebe  in  1820.  While  it  re- 
mained on  its  original  site,  it  was  the  custom  whenever 
a  homeward  bound  ship  was  sighted,  to  raise  the  flag 
on  it  to  notify  the  people,  whence  came  the  old  saying, 
"flag  on  the  mill,  ship  on  the  bay".  |i 

In  1782  Ebenezer  White  and  Deacon  David  Hedges 
were  granted  the  right  to  cut  an  outlet  from  Otter  Pond 
to  the  Bay  to  make  a  fish  pond  of  it,*  and  in  1793  this 
grant  was  transferred  to  John  Jermain  with  the  addi- 
tional privilege  of  being  allowed  to  build  mills  on  the 
stream,  as  well  as  to  drain  Crooked  Pond  and  Little 
Long  Pond  into  Otter, f  while  in  1797  he  was  given  ex- 
clusive rights  of  grinding  and  liberty  to  erect  a  dam 
across  the  great  Narrows  between  Brushy  Neck  and 
Little  Hog  Neck.t 

Besides  the  West  India  Trade  and  early  whaling, 
surplus  farm  products  were  beginning  to  be  exported 


II  Mr.  Beebe  sold  it  in  1837  to  A.  T.  Rose  and  Richard  Gilson,  who 
moved  it  to  "Mill  Hill,"  Bridgehampton,  where  Halsey  &  McCas- 
lin's  shop  now  stands.  They  sold  it  to  a  Mr.  Norris,  he  to  Roger 
Francis  and  he  to  E.  Jones  Ludlow,  C.  H.  Topping  and  Hedges 
Miller,  who  sold  it  to  Wm.  Hand.  A.  E.  Topping  bought  it  in  1868, 
ran  it  four  years  and  sold  it  to  L.  W.  Seabury.  He  ran  it  8  years 
and  sold  it  to  Topping  and  Hildreth,  who  sold  it  to  J.  A.  Sandford 
ill  1881,  who  moved  it  to  the  north  side  of  the  railroad  track  near 
the  station.  Park  Commissioner  Kennedy  bought  it  for  Prospect 
Park,  Brooklyn,  but  found  it  could  not  be  moved  there.  In  1894 
Oliver  Osborn  bought  it.  In  1895  the  Bridgehampton  Milling  Co. 
was  formed  (14  persons)  and  ran  it  till  a  few  years  ago  with  John 
C.  Sayre  as  manager,  Wm.  Schellinger,  miller.  The  original  tolling 
dish  was  used  until  about  1905.  In  1914  Rev.  Robt.  Davis  bought  it 
and  later  sold  it  to  Mr.  J.  E.  Berwind  who  moved  it  to  his  place 
where  it  now  stands. 

Mention  may  also  be  made  here  of  the  oldest  mill  still  in  its  ori- 
ginal position  in  the  Town  and  the  only  one  still  used.  This  is  the 
one  at  Hayground  which  was  built  in  1802  by  Gen.  Abraham  Rose, 
Cant.  Benj.  Rogers,  Nathan  Topping  and  Ethan  Topping.  In  the 
115  years  the  mill  has  been  running  the  millers  have  been  Ethan 
Topping !  his  son  Jesse;  his  grandson  George;  his  great  grandson 
George  2d:  and    Maltbie  G.  Rose. 

The  windmill  at  Water  Mill  was  moved  there  from  Sag  Harbor 
about  a  century  ago. 

*  T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  307. 

t  T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  339. 

X  T.  R.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  353. 


154  HJSTOKY    Ot    THE    WHN    Ut    SOUTHAMFTUN 

m 

from  the  Hamptons  and  a  very  extensive  business  in 
cord  woodll  was  being  carried  on  with  New  York,  which 
was  then  beginning  to  replace  Boston  as  a  trade  center 
for  the  Eastern  Towns. § 

There  seems  to  be  some  doubt  as  to  the  location  of 
the  earliest  burying  ground,*  but  what  is  now  known  as 
the  "Old  Burying  Ground"',  west  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  was  set  apart  and  first  used  in  1767,  at  which 
time  it  lay  well  into  the  woods,  which  then  continued 
some  distance  north  of  it.  The  first  interment  was  that 
of  the  infant  son  of  James  Howell,  and  Mr.  H.  R.  Stiles, 
writing  in  1864,  said  that  "an  aged  sister  of  this  child 
living  until  lately,  often  said  that  she  remembered  her 
mother  weeping  bitterly  because  her  little  brother  was 
buried  'way  out  in  those  lonesome  woods.'  "t 

This  old  cemetery  was  the  starting  point  for  me  of 
one  of  those  wild  goose  chases  to  which  a  local  historian 
has  to  accustom  himself.  A  newspaper  article  had  stated 
that  two  noted  men  lay  buried  there — a  Sir  John  Old- 
mixon,  who  did  live  in  the  Harbor  but  who  was  stated 
to  be  a  companion  of  King  George  IV.  and  a  Joseph 
IMontefiore  who  was  stated  to  be  a  brother  of  the  great 
English  philanthropist  Sir   Moses.      In    re^gard_to    the 

II  The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  letter  from  Leffert  Lefferts 
of  New  York  to  John  .  Gardiner,  Aug.  25,  1790,  receipting  for 
wood  received  by  Capt.  Latham:  "I  have  thought  Something  of 
coming  down  this  Sumcr  to  see  you  and  see  how  wood  matters  are 
coming  on  but  it  has  got  so  Late  in  the  Season  that  I  am  uncertain 
about  it  but  hope  you  will  Endeavor  to  get  all  the  wood  onto  market 
that  you  possably  can".     (Express  Sept.  21,  1911.) 

§  "Beef  and  flaxseed  are  the  principal  articles  of  exportation 
among  the  farmers.  Till  within  about  thirty  years  Boston  has  been 
the  place  for  a  market  for  this  part  of  the  Country — New  York  is 
now.  The  people  are  more  properly  Graziers  than  farmers,  they 
raise  large  droves  of  cattle  and  sheep  for  sale;  but  very  little  else 
except  flaxseed  and  cord  wood,  the  wood  will  soon  be  done  unless  it 
is  preserved  by  Legislative  authority".  Gardiner  Obs.  on  the  Town 
of  East  Hampton,  1798.  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Coll.  18G9,  p.  256. 

*  It  has  been  stated  that  there  was  one  on  the  prooerty  occupied 
by  Howell's  market,  J.  Decastro  and  Mrs.  Wm.  Bennett.  (Express. 
Nov.  12.  1903.)  Also  that  the  earlier  one  was  on  the  land  occupied 
bv  the  residence  of  thp  late  Abraham  Vail  and  Henry  B.  Havens. 
(Expre'^s.  Aug.  20.  1885.) 

t  Stiles,  Notes  on  the  Graveyards  of  L.  L  p.  30.  The  stone  read 
"In  memory  of  James,  son  of  James  and  Lucretia  Howell,  who  died 
June  4,  1767.   Ae.  one  year,  3  months,  18  days". 


THE  I^IEV^  ''Q^^^ 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


XOR.   LENOX 


\LD. U    VX 


t;D..TIONS: 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  155 

former,  I  looked  in  vain  in  many  biographical  diction- 
aries, the  National,  the  still  greater  Biographic  Univer- 
selle,  and  many  smaller  ones  of  special  character.  I 
also  secured  numerous  volumes  of  Memoirs  of  George 
IV  and  his  friends,  and  as  none  of  these  latter  were  indexed, 
I  had  to  search  them  page  by  page,  and  was  thus  forced  to 
obtain  a  minute  knowledge  of  the  far  from  innocent,  as 
well  as  rather  monotonous,  doings  of  that  royal  rake, 
which  I  had  never  before  dreamed  of  being  required  to 
so  curiously  consider.  But  all  to  no  avail.  Most  of  what 
I  read  might  well  be  consigned  to  a  nameless  grave  but 
no  Sir  John  Oldmixon  presented  himself  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  so,  starting  from  the  quiet  old  Sag  Harbor 
Burying  Ground,  I  made  the  grand  tour  of  the  mon- 
arch's life  and  returned  with  no  information  and  less  edi- 
fication, and  who,  if  any  one,  lies  in  that  unmarked 
grave  I  know  not,  but  am  sure  it  was  no  friend  of 
George  IV ! 

As  to  the  Montefiore  story,  the  facts  also  proved 
somewhat  elusive.  The  article  in  question  which,  inci- 
dentally, had  wrongly  given  his  name  as  Joseph  instead 
of  Joshua,*  stated  that  he  was  "remembered  as  an  ec- 
centric old  gentleman,  a  lawyer  by  profession,  tall,  round 
shouldered  and  with  hair  braided  and  put  up  on  his  head 
with  a  black  comb  like  a  woman",  and  that  "he  was  the 
author  of  several  legal  works,  some  of  which  have  been 
seen  by  persons  now  living".  He  is  supposed  to  have 
lived  in  the  Ebenezer  Sage  house,  and  to  have  died  about 
1828.  A  study. of  the  biography  of  Sir  Moses  reveals  the 
fact  that  this  could  not  have  been  his  brother,  and  has 
left  me  in  doubt  as  to  what  relative,  if  any,  it  may  have 
been.  In  many  respects  it  fits  in  with  the  life  story  of  the 
Joshua  Montefiore,  who  was  an  uncle  of  Sir  Moses,  and 
a  most  remarkable  man,  whose  career  included  visiting 
native  kings  in  the  interior  of  Africa,  writing  law  books, 
holding  the  first  commission  in  the  British  army  ever  held 
by  a  Jew,  and  ending  in  self  decreed  exile. in  America, 

*  His  name  is  correctly  given  in  the  Corrector  of  Mar.  26,  1825, 
wherein  "the  house  now  occupied  by  Joshua  Montefiore,  Esq.,"  is 
offered  for  sale  or  to  let,  by  Asa  Partridge. 


156  HISTORY  UF  THE  TO  US  UF  SOUTH  AM  I^TUN 

and,  1  am  inclined  tu  believe,  in  Sag  Harbor,  although 
Wolf  states  that  he  is  buried  at  St.  Albans,  Vt.f 

No  church,  apparently,  was  founded  here  until  Feb, 
24,  1766,  when  a  meeting  was  held  to  decide  upon  erect- 
ing a  building  for  the  purpose  of  public  worship,  which 
was  built  the  following  year  on  the  corner  of  Church  and 
Sage  Streets,  and  occupied  in  1768.  From  its  uncouth 
shape,  it  went  by  the  name  of  "God's  Old  Barn",  but  it 
was  used  for  nearly  half  a  century  and  during  that  time 
Avas  the  only  church  in  the  village.  At  first  there  was  no 
minister,  the  people  being  called  together  by  beat  of 
drum,  as  in  Southampton,  to  hear  a  sermon  read  by  one 
of  themselves,  the  reader  being  said  to  have  been  Samuel 
L'Hommedieu.  In  1798,  we  find  the  Rev.  John  Taylor 
preaching  alternately  here  and  on  Shelter  Island,  and  in 
1 791  there  was  a  reorganization,  or  possibly  the  first  or- 
ganization of  the  church.*  Of  its  later  ministers  the 
two  most  widely  known  were  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  S. 
Prime,  the  author  of  the  History  of  Long  Island  pul)- 
lished  in  1845,  ^"^^  Dr.  Edward  Hopper  who,  some  years 
after  leaving  Sag  Harbor,  but  doubtless  with  his  former 
seafaring  congregation  in  his  memory,  wrote  the  well- 
known  sailors  hymn,  Jesus,  Savior,  pilot  me. 

In  181 7  the  old  church  was  torn  down  and  a  new  one 
erected  on  the  same  site,  this  second  building  being  used 
by  Christ  Episcopal  Church  in   1846,  becoming  the  Ma- 

t  Wolf,  Sir  Moses  Montefiore,  pp.  6-9. 

*  Wilson,  Sag  Harbor  Presbyterian  Church  Addi-ess.  The  first 
members  were  Samuel  L'Hommedieu,  Beni.  Price,  Joseph  Conklin, 
John  Hand,  Elisha  Prior,  Elizabeth  Conklin,  Elizabeth  Seabury, 
Jane  Fordham.  At  the  first  communion  were  added  Abierail  Hil- 
dreth  and  Marjraret  Pierson  Jermain.  In  1800  the  membership  was 
only  15.  The  church  seems  to  have  been  Congregational  until  1810 
when  it  became  Presbyterian.  The  ministers  have  been  as  follows: 
Rev.  John  Taylor,  1789;  Daniel  Hall,  1797;  Aaron  Bogue,  1805-G; 
Nathaniel  S.  Prime,  1806-9;  Stephen  Porter  and  a  Mr.  Gaylord  some 
months  each  1809-12:  John  D.  Gardiner,  Oct.  1,  1812-June  16.  1832; 
Samuel  King,  Aug.  1832-Nov.  29,  1833;  Ithamar  Pillsbury,  1834-5; 
Joseph  A.  Copp.  Oct.  1835-51;  Dr.  Edward  Hopper,  June  8,  1852; 
Mav  3,  1863:  John  Lowrev,  1863-67;  Wm.  Guthrie  Barnes,  Dec. 
18r.7-Anl.  1872;  Alex.  W.  Snroull,  Mav  20,  1873-Oct.  14,  1883;  Ed- 
ward H.  Camn,  Apl.  11.  1884-Mav  31,  1885;  Dr.  Clarence  Hall  Wil- 
.-^on.  1887-1902;  Frank  Houghton  Allen,  Oct.  2,  1902-Aug.  1907;  Wm. 
T.  Edds,  Mar.  1,  1908-Sept.  1914;  Walter  A.  Herricks,  Jan.  1,  1915, 
to  date. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  157 

sonic  Hall  in  1883,  and,  in  1904,  moved  and  remodelled 
into  the  Atheneum.*  The  present  building  with  its  very 
beautiful  steeple,  was  begun  in  1843  ^'^d  dedicated  May 
16,  1844  having  been  designed  by  Maynard  LeFevre,  of 
New  York.  This  steeple  is  probably  the  best  known  bit 
of  architecture  in  the  Town,  owing  to  its  position  and  the 
wonderfully  beautiful  way  in  which  it  composes  with  the 
landscape  as  seen  from  almost  any  point  on  land  or  water. 
The  Baptists  formed  an  organization  in  1793!  and 
the  Methodists  in  1810.  Methodist  preaching  is  said  to 
have  begun  here  in  1807-8  and  the  Society  at  first  to  have 
included  Bridgehampton,  Noyac,  Southampton,  and  even 
to  have  extended  to  Moriches  and  Patchogue.  By  it  was 
established  the  first  Temperance  Society  in  the  Harbor. 
Their  first  church  was  built  on  Union  St.,  where  St. 
Joseph's  Hall  now  stands  and  was  dedicated  in  1810,  be- 
ing later  sold  to  the  Catholics  in  1836,  a  new  Methodist 
church  having  been  built  the  preceding  year  on  the  hill 
on  High  St.  In  1864  this  building  was  moved  in  sec- 
tions and  rebuilt,  in  an  enlarged  form,  where  it  stands  at 
present  on  Madison  St.  It  is  said  that  the  old  church  of 
1810  was  lighted  by  tallow  dips,  with  the  floor  sanded, 
and  that  the  congregation  brought  their  own  chairs  and 
foot  stoves  with   them.f 


*  The  "Old  Barn  Church"  was  demolished  Jan.  13,  1817;  the  new 
one  raised  June  1817.  The  work  was  much  delayed  on  account  of  the 
great  losses  due  to  the  fire  of  May  26,  1817,  but  Capt.  Gabriel 
Havens,  Augustus  Sleight,  and  Rev.  J.  D.  Gardiner  raised  about 
$3000  in  New  York.  The  church  cost  about  $4700  and  was  dedi- 
cated June  18,  1818.  The  present  building  cost  $17000  and  the  lot 
$2000.  The  Building  Committee  were  Wm.  R.  Sleight,  Nathan  P. 
Howell,  Henry  H.  Huntting,  Luther  D.  Cook  and  Daniel  Y.  Bellows. 

The  first  parsonage  was  built  in  1799  and  is  the  house  on  the 
corner  of  Sage  and  Madison  Sts.  In  1832  the  house  on  High  St. 
(Mrs.  David  Steuart)  was  built  as  a  parsonage.  The  Presbyterian 
Chapel  was  dedicated  Dec.  15.  1899. 

X  This  did  not  thrive  long.  In  1844  a  lot  was  bought  at  the  corner 
of  Madison  and  Henry  Sts.  and  the  present  Bethel  Bantist  Church 
was  built.  Among  the  early  ministers  were  Elder  Watrous,  Rev. 
Geo.  F.  Hendrickson.  David  W.  Rowland,  Mr.  Knanp,  Rev.  J  W. 
Ladd.  Elder  E.  W.  Bliss.  July  1851:  Rev.  Daniel  D.  Lyon.  E.  S. 
Wheeler.  In  1855  the  Society  broke  up  and  the  nroperty  was 
deeded  to  the  New  York  State  Bantist  Convention.  Since  then  the 
church  has  been  opened  and  closed  many  t'mes. 

t  The  Society  was  at  first  supplied  by  circuit  preachers,  who  of- 


158  HjyrUKi    Ot    THE    TOH  N   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

The  earliest  school,  apparently,  or  at  least  its  east- 
ern half,  was  built  in  1788,  (the  other  half  being  added 
seven  years  later  \  on  a  l(jt  given  by  Braddock  Corey  on 
the  corner  of  Madison  and  Jefferson  Sts.  This  remained 
until  it  became  so  dilapidated  that  it  was  torn  down 
about  1871.  In  1804  the  "new  school  house"  was  built 
by  private  enterprise,  Maj.  John  Jermain  being  greatly 
interested  in  il.  This  was  on  the  rear  of  the  John  De- 
Castro  property  and  became  known  as  the  "middle 
school  house",  was  burned  in  1834,  rebuilt  and  used  un- 
til 1871,  when  it  was  moved  to  the  west  side  of  J\Iain 
St.,  became  a  saloon  and  was  !)urned  again  some  years 
later.  The  "old  yellow  school  house''  on  Division  St.  is 
still  standing,  used  as  a  tenement.* 

ficiated  once  in  two  weeks.  The  list  of  ministers  is  as  follows: 
Revds.  Henry  Redstone  and  Coles  Carpenter,  1807-11;  Sam- 
uel Bushnell,  Noble  W.  Thomas,  Freborn  Garretson  (first 
stationed  preacher)  1811-12;  Noble  W.  Thomas,  1812-13; 
Francis  Ward,  Theodosius  Clark,  Daniel  Wright,  1813-14; 
Arnold  Scofield,  Chas.  W.  Carpenter,  1814-15;  John  Rey- 
nolds, Oliver  Sykes,  1815-16;  John  Reynolds,  1816-17;  Lu- 
mun  Andrews,  1817-18;  Fitch  Reed,  1818-19;  Aaron  Pearce,  1819-20; 
Reuben  Harries,  S.  D.  Ferguson,  1820-21;  Reuben  Harries,  Eli  Den- 
iston,  1821-22;  Humphrey  Humphreys,  1822-24;  Henry  Hatfield, 
Horace  Bartlett.  1824-25;  John  W.  LeFevre,  Horace  Bartlett,  1825- 
26;  Noble  W.  Thomas,  Cvrus  Foss,  1826-27;  Oliver  V.  Amerman, 
Chas.  W.  Carpenter.  1827-28:  O.  V.  Amerman,  Richard  Seaman,  C. 
W.  Carpenter.  R.  Morris,  1828-29;  C.  W.  Carpenter,  1830-31:  0.  V. 
Amerman,  1831-32;  John  TrippeH,  1832-33;  Daniel  Smith.  1833-34; 
John  Tripnett.  C.  W.  Carpenter,  Harvev  Husted,  1834-35;  C.  W.  Car- 
penter. 1835-36:  Nath.  Kellog,  1836-38:  J.  D.  Marshall,  1838-39; 
David  Miller,  1839-41;  John  Leonard  Gilder.  1841-43;  Jas.  H.  Perry, 
D.D.,  1843-45;  Sevmour  Landon,  D.D.,  1845-47:  Wm.  Dixon,  1847-49; 

A.  S.  Francis.  1849-51;  E  A.  Edmonds,  1851-53;  Chas.  Stearns, 
1853-54:  Rol^ert  Jessup,  M.D.,  1854-56;  Robort  Roberts,  1856:  E.  W. 

B.  Wood,  1856-59;  John  F.  Booth.  1859-60;  Chas.  Kelsey.  1861  ■  G.  S. 
Gilbert.  1862-63;  D.  O.  Ferris,  1864;  Wm.  H.  Lawrence,  1865-66; 
John  W.  Earnhardt.  1867-68:  E.  Warriner.  18R9-70;  R.  H.  Rust, 
1871-72:  Geo.  H.  Goodsell.  1873-75;  Thos.  D.  LHtlewood.  1876-77; 
John  Rippere.  1878-80;  John  W.  Barnhart,  1881:  J.  S.  Wh^don,  1882- 
84;  Wm  L.  Douglas,  1885-86:  Bnrnabas  F.  Reeve.  1887-91;  Jas. 
Coote.  1802-93:  C.  M.  Pegg.  1894-95;  Jos.  Baird.  1896-98;  Robt.  F. 
Norton.  1899-1903:  Gordon  Thomnson.  1904-6;  M.  Y.  Bovard.  1907- 
8:  M.  Elmer  Fonnold.  1912-15;  John  P.  Wagner,  1916  (died);  Wm. 
M.  Fanton,  1916  to  date. 

*  Tn  1843  the  Sag  Harbor  Academv  and  Institute  was  established, 
h>reelv  thrnnp-h  the  efforts  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Conn,  and  a  build'ng 
ere'^ted  on  Suffolk  St.  which  wa<?  de^troved  W  fire  Ffb.  10.  1861. 
It  then  ocninied  the  ba=pment  of  the  People's  Baptist  Church  1864-6 
and  the  Village  Hall.  1866-71. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  159 

There  was  also,  very  early,  a  private  school  kept  by 
Asa  Partridge,  whose  advertisement  thus  appears  in 
"Frothingham's  Long  Island  Herald"  of  June  7th, 
1791  :  "Young  Lady's  School.  Will  be  opened  on  Mon- 
day May  23  at  the  Hall  in  this  place.  A  four  o'clock 
School  for  the  reception  of  young  Ladies,  where  will  be 
taught  Reading,  Writing,  Arithmetic,  English  Gram- 
mar, Book  Keeping,  and  Elocution.  All  the  above 
branches  of  Education  will  be  taught  in  the  Common 
School  at  the  same  place,  which  will  be  opened  at  8 
o'clock  A.  M.  and  close  at  4  o'clock  P.  AL  at  which 
time  the  Lady's  School  will  be  called  in.  Those  Gentle- 
men who  please  to  send  their  children  to  be  Educated 
here,  may  depend  on  their  having  their  Morals  and  Man- 
ners carefully  inspected  by  their  very  humble  servant 
Asa  Partridge.  Sagg  Harbour,  May  10".  Mr.  Part- 
ridge must  indeed  have  had  what  might  be  called  a  full 
day. 

Churches  and  schools,  however,  were  not  the  only 
means  of  education  in  early  Sag  Harbor,  and  for  long 
the  stocks  were  in  place  on  Meeting  House  Hill,  while 
the  village  whipping  post  stood  near  the  old  Liberty  pole  at 
the  north  end  of  Main  Street.* 

Where  the  American  House  now  stands,  there  was 
a  tavern  during  the  Revolution,  where  the  British  of- 
ficers were  quartered  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  last 
century  there  was  a  coffee  house  known  as  Eldredge's,t 
which  was  at  one  time  owned  by  Maj.  Jermain.t  and 
which  had  a  cellar  capable  of  storing  a  thousand  bar- 
rels. The  most  celebrated  tavern,  however,  which  dated 
from  before  the  Revolution  was  kept  early  in  the  last 
century  by  Pelatiah  Fordham,  commonly  known  as 
"Duke"  Fordham,  near  where  the  present  railroad  sta- 
tion stands. II 

*  The  flag  pole  now  there  was  presented  to  the  village  by  Mrs. 
Jas.  H.  Aldrich. 

t  It  stood  on  land  which  the  north  part  of  H.  &  S.  French's  coal 
yard  later  occupied. 

X  It  was  offered  for  sale  by  him  in  1808.    Express,  Apl.  3,  1862. 

II  There  was  another  across  the  street  kept  by  Robert  Fordham. 

Later  inns  were  the  old  "East  End  House"  of  Samuel  Fordham, 
corner  of  Main  and  Howard  Sts.;  the  Mansion  House,  in  its  best 


160  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOLTHAMFTON 

It  was  at  this  inn  that  J.  Feniniore  Cooper  used  to 
stay  when  he  visited  Sag  Harhor,  and  in  which  it  is  pos- 
sible that  part  of  his  first  novel  "Precaution"  may  have 
been  written. §  Cooper's  wife  was  a  cousin  of  Mrs. 
Chas.  T.  Dering  of  Sag  Harbor  and  of  Miss  Anne  NicoU 
of  Shelter  Island,  and  the  latter  often  told,  both  before 
nnd  after  the  novelist  became  famous,  the  now  well 
known  story  c>f  his  having  read  the  English  novel  "Dis- 
cipline", and  remarking  that  he  could  write  a  better  one 
himself.  This  occurred  at  Miss  Nicoll's  house,  and  as 
the  ladies  expressed  doubts.  Cooper  wrote  "Precaution" 
upon  their  challenge,  it  being  published  in  1819.  At  that 
period  he  spent  much  time  in  Sag  Harbor  and  engaged 
in  a  whaling  venture,  being  said  to  have  been  the  hrst  to 
introduce  there  the  method  of  owning  a  ship  on  shares 
as  distinct  from  individual  or  firm  ownership.  Under 
his  business  management  and  with  him  as  part  owner, 
the  bark  Union  made  several  voyages  to  Brazil  from 
1819  to  1822,  but  without  any  great  success.  During 
the  time  which  this  venture  of  his  required  him  to  re- 
main in  Sag  Harbor,  he  evidently  studied  both  place  and 
people  for  his  novel  the  "Sea  Lions"  contains  much  re- 
lating to  the  neighborhood  and  inhabitants,  introducing 
one  of  the  most  noted.  Dr.  Ebenezer  Sage.*  by  name 
and  without  cliange  of  character.  The  personal  appear- 
ance and  peculiar  laugh  of  Natty  Piumpo,  of  the  Leather 
Stocking  series,  was  also  taken  from  another  Sag  Har- 
bor acquaintance,  Capt.  Hand. 

This  Captain  Hand  had  been  a  seaman  in  the  Revo- 
lution, and  before  his  20th  year  had  been  five  times 
prisoner  of  war.  He  also,  later,  married  successively 
five  wives,  and  having  survived  these  ten  adventures  to 
the  age  of  81,  he    died    in    1840.      He    placed    stones    at 

days  one  of  the  finest  hotels  east  of  Brooklyn,  kept  by  Jedediah 
Conklin;  the  Nassau  House,  run  by  the  Oakley's;  and  the  Hedges 
House,  by  Albert  Hedg:es. 

§  Hedges,  Address,  p.  38.  Mulford,  Sketch  of  Dr.  Sage,  pp.  31  et 
seq. 

*  Dr.  Sage  was  born  at  Chatham,  Conn.,  1755;  erad.  Yale  1788; 
became  a  physician  and  settled  at  East  Hamnton  1784:  was  member 
of  Congress  1809-17:  and  a  delesrate  to  the  New  York  Constitutional 
Convention  1821.  Died  at  Sag  Harbor  1835.  Vide  Mulford,  Sketch, 
passim. 


THE  NEW  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOffN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  161 

the  head  of  each  of  the  five  graves  of  his  deceased  con- 
sorts, and  on  his  own  had  the  inscription 
"Behold  ye  Hving  mortals  passing  by, 
How  thick  the  partners  of  one  husband  lie; 
Vast  and  unsearchable  are  the  ways  of  God, 
Just  but  severe  His  chastening  rod".t 

Those  of  us  who  know  the  Sag  Harbor  of  today,  with 
its  beautifully  shaded  streets,  would  apparently  have  had 
very  different  impressions  if  we  had  visited  it  a  century 
or  more  ago  as  did  Dr.  Dwight,  of  Yale,  and  his  description 
of  it  at  that  time  ( 1804)  is  interesting  not  only  as  a  picture 
in  the  past  history  of  the  village,  but  as  showing  what 
can  be  done  by  man  to  develop  beauty  about  his  home 
under  even  the  most  unpromising  conditions.  "Sagg 
Harbour",  wrote  the  Doctor,  "is  a  very  pretty  village  .... 
situated  on  a  mere  mass  of  sand.  The  harbour,  which 
is  excellent,  and  the  only  good  one  for  a  great  distance 
on  the  Eastern  part  of  the  Island,  allured  the  inhabi- 
tants to  this  unpleasant  ground;  not  unpleasant  from 
want  of  prospect,  but  because  it  furnishes  unpleasant 
streets  and  walks,  and  is  unfriendly  to  every  kind  of 
vegetation.  The  village  contained  at  this  time  about 
120  houses;  the  principal  part  of  which  are  on  a  winding 
street,  terminating  at  the  shore;  the  rest  on  some  other 
streets  of  less  consequence.  Many  of  the  houses,  out 
liouses,  and  fences  are  new  and  neat ;  and  an  appearance 
of  thrift,  elsewhere  unknown  in  this  part  of  the  island 
is  spread  over  the  whole  village".! 

The  place,  however,  was  evidently  -a  stirring  one,  and 
•preparing  for  the  activity  which  the  next  half  century 
was  to  bring  to  it,  making  its  name  known  on  all  the 
Seven  Seas.  Not  only  was  it  alive  commercially  but, 
it  seems  to  me  that,  at  that  time  at  least,  there  was  more 
keenness  and  vigor  in  its  intellectual  life  than  there  was 
in  that  of  the  other  villages  round  about.*     Sometimes 

t  TKese  stones  were  originally  in  the  "Old"  burying  ground  but 
have  been  removed  to  Oakland  Cemetery. 

t  Dwight,  Travels  Vol.  Ill,  p.  308.  He  gives  the  population  as 
850  and  in  1810  as  1168. 

*  Of  the  men  active  in  its  life  from  1790  to  1810.  Mr.  L.  D.  Cook, 
CMss.  Hist.  Address  1858)  n?mes  John  Foster,  Hubbard  Latham, 
Wm.    Duvall,   Wm.   Johnson    Rysam,     Nathaniel     Gardiner,    Judge 


162  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOH'N    OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

this  energy  took  a  wrong"  direction,  as  in  the  intklel  so- 
ciety which  was  organized  to  attack  Christianity,  and 
which  hekl  regular  meetings,  but  it  was  at  any  rate  evi- 
dence of  unusual   freedom   in   a  country  village  of  that 

period. t 

On  Feb.  9,  1807,  there  was  also  organized  the  "Lit- 
erary Society  of  Sag  Harbor"  the  "exercises"  of  which 
were  to  "consist  of  Disputation,  Composition,  Declama- 
tion, and  examination  upon  Geography,  Astronomy,  and 
such  other  exercises  as  a  majority  shall  appoint".!  The 
duties  of  the  Treasurer,  aside  from  the  obvious  one  of 
handling  the  Society's  funds,  included  furnishing  "sta- 
tionery, fuel,  candles,  &c".,  and  among  the  officers  was 
also  a  "Critic"  whose  duty  it  was  "to  criticise  upon  all 
compositions  and  declamations".  It  was  further  pro- 
vided in  the  Constitution  that  the  members  should  at 
"all  times,  but  especially  when  in  session,  treat  each 
other  with  decency  and  respect'".  An  elaborate  system 
of  fines,  ranging  from  2  to  12^/^  cents  was  provided  for 
and  a  member  could  be  tried  for  gambling  or  intoxica- 
tion outside  of  meetings,  and  it  was  also  decreed  that  no 
meeting  should  ever  be  held  in  a  tavern.  It  evidently 
took  itself  very  seriously  for  when  a  member's  resigna- 
tion was  accepted  he  was  given  the  following  certiticate. 
"This  is  to  certify  that  Mr. was  lioiioraljly  dis- 
missed from  the  Literary  Society  of  Sag  Harbor,  on  the 

dav  of  .....  .A.  D.  — -Signed  by  order  of  the 

Society President Secretarv". 

Sag  Harbor's  best  claim  to  fame  in  those  early  days, 
and  one  of  which  it  may  justly  be  proud,  was  the  estab- 
lishment there  of  the  first  printing  press  on  Long  Island 

Miller,  David  and  Silas  Sayre,  Luther  Hildreth,  John  Hurlburt,  Jo- 
seph Crowell,  Capt.  Satterby,  Lester  and  Thos.  Beebe,  Capt.  Wm. 
Parker.  Sylvanus  Howell,  Amos  Prentice,  Nathan  Fordham,  Thos. 
P.  Ripley,  Capt.  John  Hildreth,  Samuel  L'Hommedieu,  John  Jer- 
main,  Capt.  Elias  Jones,  Capt.  Jesse  Halsey.  Capts.  Peleg  and  Eden 
S.  Latham  and  Capts.  Moses  and  Aaron  Clark,  all  of  whom  had 
died  by  1858. 

t  It  is  not  known  how  long  a  career  it  had  but  it  had  disbanded 
by  1806.  Wilson,  Address,  p.  6. 

J  Constitution  of  the  Literary  Society  of  Sap  Harbor,  1807. 


THE  NEW  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


V 


ASTOR,   LENOX 
ILDEN    FOUriDATIONS 


^>^/'^>//7^ 


THE 


.  Rights  of  AnimrJs 


A  n 


O  R  A.  T  I  O  N, 

D  £  L  I  V  E  n.  E  D    AT    T  H  R  * 

C  O  .MM  E  N  G  E  U  E  N  T 


O  5 


SEPTEMBER  7>  »79». 


B/    HERMAN    DAGGETT, 
Cm  ii  iate  for  ths  MASTER'S    DEGREE. 


..A  Ri|iueous  man  lesardeih  the  life  of  his  b«,-\ft. 

soLOMc:«:. 


SAGO  -II  ARBOUR: 
ffiated  b/  DA  VID  PP.OTHINCH AM. 

M  Dccxcn. 


Title  Page  of  Daggett's  Rights  of  Animals 

(OriRinal  \\\  lV)Sses.siun  of  Mr.  ().  H.  Ackerly) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  163 

about  1790-91.  It  was  set  up  by  David  Frothingham* 
who  had  learned  his  trade  in  Boston  and  came  here  from 
New  York  about  that  date,  starting  a  printing  office, 
book  store  and  bindery  at  the  foot  of  Main  St.  near  the 
l.anding,  where  he  also  published  the  first  newspaper  on 
the  Island  under  the  name  of  "Frothingham's  Long  Is- 
land Herald",  of  which  the  first  number  was  dated  May 
10,  1791.  It  took  for  its  motto  "Eye  nature's  walks, 
shoot  folly  as  it  flies, — and  catch  the  manners  living  as 
they  rise".  This  paper  for  eleven  years  was  delivered 
through  the  Island  by  a  special  post-rider  employed  by 
Frothingham.  The  first  separate  imprint  from  his  press, 
so  far  as  is  known,  was  a  small  pamphlet  entitled  "Verses 
occasioned  by  the  loss  of  the  brig  Sally,  on  Eaton's  Neck, 
January  16,  1791,  together  with  some  reflections  said  to 
have  been  made  by  Capt.  Keeler  during  the  storm".  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  Captain  was  a  pious  man,  but  the 
pamphlet  has  not  survived.  J 

On  June  2,  1802,  Frothingham  transferred  the  paper 
to  Selleck  Osborn,  who  changed  the  name  to  the  Suf- 
folk County  Herald,  but  the  management  was  not  suc- 
cessful, and  sold  out  to  a  company  who,  in  turn,  sold  to 
Alden  Spooner  in  Feb.  1804,  the  name  again  being 
changed  to  the  Suffolk  Gazette. f  He  sold  the  Gazette 
May  25,  1810,  but  continued  editing  and  publishing  it 
until  it  stopped  Feb.  23,  181 1,  when  he  went  to  Brook- 
lyn and  bought  the  Long  Island  Star,  which  he  edited 
until  his  death,  Nov.  27,  1849. 

There  was  then  no  paper  in  Sag  Harbor  until  Oct. 
19,  1816,  when  Samuel  A.  Seabury  started  the  Suffolk 
County  Recorder,  which  became  Oct.  18,  1817,  the 
American    Eagle   and    Suffolk    County   General   Adver- 


*  Tooker,  Early  Sag;  Harbor  Printers,  Sag  Harbor  Hist.  Soc. 
Paper,  1902.  He  was  the  son  of  David  Frothingham  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  and  had  married,  by  a  runaway  match,  Nancy  Pell  of  Pel- 
ham,  dau.  of  Joseph  Pell,  Esq.  She  was  afterward  forgiven  and 
some  of  his  children  adopted  and  educated  by  her  family  after 
Frothingham  was  lost  at  sea. 

X   For  list  of  Sag  Harbor  imprints  see  Appendix  XV. 

t  Spooner  had  learned  his  trade  with  his  cousin,  Samuel  Green, 
in  New  London  and  came  to  Sag  Harbor  when  21.  His  first  issue 
was  Feb.  20,  1804. 


164  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOHN    OF  SOUTHAMFTOS 

tiser,  which  lasted  until  Aug.  4,   1821,  when  the  editor 
moved  to  Huntington. 

The  Corrector,  now  the  oldest  newspaper  in  Suffolk 
County,  was  founded,  Aug.  3,  1822,  by  Harry  W.  Hunt, 
and  bought  by  the  Hon.  Brinley  D.  Sleight  in  1859,  on 
July  14th  of  which  year  appeared  the  first  number  of  the  Ex- 
press, founded  and  still  edited  by  John  H.  Hunt. J 

t  Sept.  16,  1826  the  Republican  Watchman  was  issued  by  Samuel 
Phillips  but  removed  to  Greenport  about  1844. 


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PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


ASTOR,    LENOX 
' -nLDlZN    FGiJiNDATIONS 


i 


jLV>iiAi/'^;4 


Presbyterian  Church,  Sajr  Harbor 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE  REVOLUTION. 


For  a  long  period  now,  the  Town  had  been  able  to 
develop  its  life  in  peace,  without  fear  of  the  Indian  or 
foreign  foe.  It  had,  indeed,  taken  its  share  in  the  Crown 
Point  expedition, =*"  but  the  scene  of  that  action  was  far 
from  home  and  since  the  earlier  day  of  Indian  dangers, 
little  save  occasional  visits  from  strange  pirates  had  dis- 
turbed the  serenity  of  the  East  End.f  Life  flowed  on  it 
in  its  independent,  hard  working,  simple  fashion  until, 
in  1774,  began  the  mutterings  of  that  storm  which  was 
soon  to  burst  in  greater  fury  and  cause  more  havoc  and 
personal  suffering  on  the  eastern  end  of  Long  Island 
than  perhaps  anywhere  else  in  the  country,  and  to  alter 
individual  and  community  relations  for  all  time  after. 

Events  had  already  begun  to  move  rapidly  in  Boston, 
and  on  June  17  of  the  above  year,  the  inhabitants  of  East 
Hampton  voted   that  they  would,  to  the  utmost  of  their 

*  Capt.  Elias  Hand's  Company  numbered  97  (See  Appendix  XVI 
for  this  and  an  earlier  Muster  Roll  of  1715).  In  1756,  the  Governor 
offered  a  bounty  for  every  able-bodied  man  and  Capt.  Hand's  order 
for  this  money  shows  93  volunteers  accounted  for.  State  Historians 
Rept.  Col.  Ser.  Vol.  I,  p.  829. 

t  At  one  time,  when  piracy  was  at  its  height,  arms  had  been 
sent  down  from  New  York  to  assist  in  the  defence  and  it  is  possible 
that  the  two  small  field  pieces,  which  the  Town  possessed  when  the 
Revolution  broke  out,  may  date  from  that  earlier  period.  It  is  said 
that  they  were  hung  in  the  belfry  of  the  church  in  Southampton 
village  as  weights  to  the  Town  clock,  to  prevent  their  falling  into 
the  hands  of  the  British.  One  was  removed  from  the  belfry  in 
1843,  the  other  having  long  been  used  in  Fourth  of  July  celebrations. 
Howell,  Hist.,  n.  74. 


166  HISTORY    Oh    THE    TUlfN   OF  SOUrHAMHTON 

abilities,  assert  and  in  a  lawful  manner  defend  the  liber- 
ties of  America.  On  Nov.  15,  the  Suffolk  County  Com- 
mittees of  Correspondence  met  at  Riverhead  and  recom- 
mended to  the  several  Towns  that  they  should  send  sub- 
scriptions for  the  distressed  in  Boston  and  procure  a  ves- 
sel for  that  purpose.  Southampton  did  its  share  in  this 
patriotic  duty  of  relief,  and  Capt.  John  Foster,  of  Sag 
Harbor,  volunteered  the  use  of  his  ship. 

On  the  29th  of  April  of  the  next  year,  following  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  Congress  suggested  the  signing  by 
all  citizens  who  were  loyal  to  the  cause  of  the  Colonies, 
what  w^ere  known  as  the  Articles  of  Association,  and 
these  were  promptly  subscribed  to  by  every  male  citizen 
capable  of  bearing  arms  in  the  Town  of  East  Hampton 
and  by  all  but  two  in  the  Town  of  Southampton,  and 
these  afterward  signed  according  to  Judge  Hedges.* 

Only  a  few  weeks  later,  many  of  the  British  warships 
having  made  Gardiner's  Bay  their  rendezvous,  the  east- 
ern Towns  began  to  suffer  from  their  raids  after  cattle 
and  stores,  more  particularly  the  former,  which  were 
pastured  in  great  numbers  on  Montauk,  2000  head  of  cat- 
tle and  between  three  and  four  thousand  sheep  being  at 
the  mercy  of  the  enemy.  A  considerable  number  of  men 
from  these  Towns  were  already  serving  in  the  militia 
elsewhere,  and  the  following  letter,  dated  Sept.  9,  1775, 
from  East  Hampton  and  Southampton  in  answer  to  one 
received  from  the  New  York  Committee  of  Safety,  de- 
scribes the  situation.  " We  would  cheerfully  com- 
ply with  your  request  in  respect  to  raising  two  Com- 
panies of  Minute  Men  for  the  defence  of  the  stock  at 
Montauk,  but  we  think  it  entirely  out  of  our  power,  as 
we  are  but  a  small  number  of  people  here,  and  a  consid- 
able  part  of  our  strength  is  already  gone  in  the  service. 
We  have  called  a  meeting  of  the  Joint  Committee  of 
South  and  Easthampton  this  day,  and  have  voted  to  call 
our  Militia- together  in  the  Second  Battalion,  in  order  to 
enlist  a  Company,  if  possible,  to  send  directly  of-f  to  Mon- 
tauk, as  it  is  at  jiresent  without  even  a  soldier  to  guard 
it;  and  we  are  fearful  we  shall  not  have  sufficient  ammu- 

*  For  Articles  and  list  of  signers  see  Appendix  XVII. 


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1LD._14    FOUNDATIONS  I 


Shore  at  Homes  Hill 


British  Earth  Works,  Southampton 


HISTORY  Of  THE  TOfVN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  167 

nition  amongst  us  to  fix  out  one  company,  and  should 
General  Gage's  Troops  come  upon  us  in  this  destitute 
condition,  we  shall  be  absolutely  under  the  disagreeable 
necessity  of  complying  with  their  terms.  Therefore, 
gentlemen,  we  must  beg  the  favour  that  we  may  have 
two  companies  sent  here  as  soon  as  possible.  It  is  the 
opinion  of  General  Wooster  that  we  are  in  the  most  de- 
fenceless condition  of  any  part  of  this  continent. 

By  order  of  the  Committee 

DAVID  PEIRSON,  Chairman".* 

To  this  appeal,  the  Committee  of  Safety  was  unable 
to  send  any  encouragement  in  reply,  writing  that  "we 
advise,  that  a  number  of  men,  not  exceeding  twenty-five, 
be  placed  upon  Montauk,  with  orders  to  drive  the  cattle 

ofif  in  case  a  fleet  appears We  can  say  nothing^  to 

you  on  the  subject  of  ammunition,  farther  than  we  are 
not  able  to  supply  you  with  any."t  Later,  however,  the 
importance  and  difficulty  of  the  matter  being  better  ap- 
preciated, a  company  under  Capt.  Hurlburt  was  stationed 
there,  while  the  cattle  and  between  two  and  three  thou- 
sand sheep  from  Fisher's  and  Gardiner's  Islands  were 
removed  to  the  mainland. 

In  July,  1776,  the  Convention  assured  the  Hamptons 
that  the  Montauk  stock  would  be  protected  and  also  took 
measures  to  drive  into  the  interior  the  horned  cattle  and 
sheep  from  other  parts  of  the  Island,  the  former  esti- 
mated at  over  a  hundred  thousand  head  and  the  latter  at 
a  much  larger  number,  providing  for  their  protection  if 
possible,  but  requiring  that  they  should  be  destroyed 
rather  than  be  allowed  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
British,  and,  for  the  enforcement  of  the  order,  drafting 
one  quarter  of  the  Minute  and  Militia  men. 

In  connection  with  the  Montauk  problem  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that  the  people  had  also  some  cause  to 
suspect  the  Indians  there,  for  in  1798  Gardiner  wrote 
that  "in  the  year  17 — Sir  Willm.  Johnson  spent  six 
weeks  with  this  tribe, — his  business  was  of  a  private 
nature.  During  the  American  War  these  Indians  were 
friends  to  the  British  Government;  they  frequently  de- 

*  Force,  American  Archives,  Ser.  IV,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  892. 
t  Ibid. 


168  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOVTHAMFTON 

tected  deserters  from  the  British  troops  at  Southampton. 
To  gain  over  these  Indians  as  he  had  others  might  have 
been  his  business".*  That  it  apparently  was  is  evidenced 
by  a  report  made  by  Col.  Guy  Johnson,  who  had  suc- 
ceeded his  father  as  British  Indian  Agent,  to  Lord  Ger- 
main, in  which  he  stated  that  he  had  visited  the  Mon- 
tauks  in  1777  and  that  "though  few  in  number  and  sur- 
rounded by  a  disaffected  people  they  have  offered  their 
services  to  the  home  government,  whenever  the  general 
shall  please  to  make  use  of  them".§ 

During  that  first  summer,  as  shown  in  the  following 
letter,  there  occurred  in  Southampton  Village  what  is 
probably  unique  in  the  annals  of  war,  the  formation  of  a 
company,  largely,  if  not  entirely,  made  up  of  grandfath- 
ers: 

"Southampton,  Suffolk  County,  New  York. 
July  23,  1776. 

"Last  Monday  afternoon  was  exhibited  to  view  in 
this  town  a  very  agreeable  prospect;  the  old  gentlemen, 
grandfathers,  to  the  age  of  seventy  and  upwards,  met 
agreably  to  appointment,  and  formed  themselves  into 
an  Independent  Company.  Each  man  was  well  equip- 
ped with  a  good  musket,  powder,  ball  cartridges  &c.  and 
unanimously  made  choice  of  Elias  Pelletreau,  Esq.  for 
their  leader  (with  other  suitable  officers),  who  made  a 
very  animating  speech  to  them  on  the  necessity  of  hold- 
ing themselves  in  readiness  to  go  into  the  field  in  time  of 


invasion " 


Meanwhile,  Maltby  Gelston  had  reported  to  Congress 
the  formation  of  two  companies  from  Southampton  for  Col. 
Smith's  regiment  with  the  following  officers : 

1st.  Company.  2nd.  Company. 

Capt.  Zephaniah  Rogers         Capt.  David  Pierson 
1st.  Lt.  Nath'l.  Howell,  Jr.        ist.  Lt.  John  Foster,  Jr. 
2nd.  Lt.  Mathew  Sayre  2nd.  Lt.  Abram  Rose 

Ens Ens.  Edward  Topping! 


*  Gardiner,  Obs.  on  Town  of  East  Hampton,  p.  257. 
§    Quoted  in  an  article  in  the  N.  Y.  Evening:  Post,  Feb.  25,  1911.  I 
have  not  located  the  orijjinal  source  of  the  reference. 
II    Force,  American  Archives,  Ser.  V,  Vol.  I,  p.  543. 
I"  Letter  dated  Feb.  17,  1776.   Cal.  Hist.  Mss.  Rel.  to  War  of  Rev. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOM^N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  169 

There  were  a  number  of  changes  in  companies  and 
regiments,  but  on  Feb.  loth  the  "Eastern  Regiment"  re- 
ported nine  companies  with  768  officers  and  men,  of 
which  two  companies  were  from  East  Hampton,  two 
from  Bridgehampton,  one  jointly  from  Bridgehampton 
and  Sag  Harbor,  and  three  from  Southampton.  This 
regiment  was  headed  by  Col.  Mulford  but  a  portion  of 
it,  as  well  as  two  other  Suffolk  regiments,  was  later 
merged  into  the  regiment  of  Minute  Men  under  Col. 
Smith. 

It  seems  now  to  be  definitely  established  that  this 
regiment  and  at  least  a  considerable  part  of  the  men  en- 

(ed.  1868)  Vol.  I,  p.  243.  About  July  there  is  a  list  of  Col.  Smith's 
Regiment  in  which  the  officers  of  the  first  Company  are  given  as 
Capt.  Zephaniah  Rogers;  1st.  Lt.,  Edward  Topping;  2nd.  Lt.,  Paul 
Jones;  Sergts.  Hugh  Gelston,  Tim  Halsey,  David  Lupton;  Corporals, 
Jehiel  Howell,  Elias  Pierson,  Jona.  Cook.  For  Muster  Roll  see  Ap- 
pendix XVI.  On  Aug.  15,1775,  the  officers  of  the  2nd  Regt.  Suffolk 
County  were  given  as  follows: 

1st  Col.  David  Mulford 

2nd  Col.  Jonathan  Hedges 

1st  Maj.  Uriah  Rogers 

2nd  Maj.  George  Herrick 

Adjt.  John  Gelston 

Qr.  Mr.  Phineas  Howell 
1st  Co..  (Southampton)  3rd  Co.,  (Bridgehampton) 

Capt.  David  Howell  Capt.  David  Peirson 

1st.  Lt.  Jeremiah  Post  1st  Lt.  Daniel  Hedges 

2d.  do.  Paul  Jones  2nd,  do.  David  Sayre 

Ens.  Zephaniah  Rogers  Ens.  Theophilus  Peirson 

6th  Co.  5th  Co.  (Southampton) 

(B'hampton  &  Sag  Harbor)     Capt.  Stenhen  Howell 
Capt.  Wm.  Rogers,  Jr.  1st  Lt.  John  White,  Jr. 

1st  Lt.  Jesse  Hallsey  2nd  Lt.  Lemuel  Wick 

2nd  Lt.  Henry  Halsey  Ens.   Isaiah  Hallsey 

Ens.  Nathaniel  Rogers 

8th  Co.  (Sag  Harbor) 
7th  Co.  (Southampton)  Capt.  Sam'l  L'Hommedieu 

Capt.  Josiah  Howell.  Jr.   '  1st.  Lt.  S'las  Jessup 

1st  Lt.  Nathaniel  Howell  2nd.  do.  Edward  Conckling 

2d.  do.  Matbew  Howell  Ens.  Daniel  Fordham 

Ens.  Wm.  Stephens 

9th  Co.  (Bride:ehampton) 
Capt.  John  Sandford 
1st.  Lt.  Edward  Topping 
2nd.  do.  Phillip  Howell 
Ens.   John  Hildreth 
Given   in   Mather.  Refugees,  pp.  992  et  seq.    See  also  for  Muster 
Rolls  ibid  pp.  1002  et  seq. 


170  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOff^N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

rolled  in  it,  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  which 
at  one  blow  determined  the  fate  of  the  East  End  during 
the  entire  remainder  of  the  war.*  When  Washington  re- 
treated, necessary  and  wise  as  that  retreat  was  from  the 
military  standpoint,  the  result  was  six  years  of  incal- 
culable and  undeserved  suffering  for  the  people  at  this 
end  of  the  Island.  The  western  end  was  largely  Tory  in 
sentiment.  Kings  County  not  having  signed  the  Associa- 
tion at  all,  and  Queens  County  but  slowly  and  unwill- 
ingly. It  was  not  so,  however,  in  SulTolk  County.  There 
the  feeling  was  deep  and  strong  in  favor  of  the  patriot 
cause  and  had  been  freely  expressed.  The  battle  left  its 
inhabitants  cut  oiT  from  the  rest  of  their  fellow  sympa- 
thisers, the  British  army  an  impassable  barrier,  their  own 
men  largely  scattered  in  the  confusion  following  the  re- 
treat, and  themselves  and  their  property  absolutely  at 
the  mercy  of  the  enemy,  with  no  possibility  of  resistance 
or  defence. 

Surrendered  as  they  were  to  the  British  at  the  end  of 
August,  but  a  few  anxious  weeks  passed  before  Gov. 
Tryon  made  his  hand  felt  and  forced  the  oath  of  allegi- 
ance to  the  English  Crown,  in  a  most  obnoxious  form, 
upon  all  those  who,  for  one  reason  or  another,  could  not 
escape  to  their  friends  on  the  main  land.  The  unfor- 
tunate people  who  had  been  so  quick  to  send  help  to  the 
cause  in  Boston,  and  who  ever  since  by  word  and  deed 
had,  with  practically  no  dissenting  voice  in  the  two  en- 
tire townships,  aided  it  in  every  way  possible,  now  aban- 
doned by  their  friends  and  with  no  refusal  possible,  were 
forced  to  take  the  following  oath  :  "I  do  swear  upon  the 
Evangelist  of  Almighty  God,  that  I  hold  true  and  faithful 
allegiance  to  his  Majesty  King  George  the  Third  of  Great 
Britain,  his  heirs  and  successors;  and  hold  an  utter  ab- 
horrence of  congresses,  rebellions  &c. ;  and  do  promise 
never  to  be  concerned  in  any  manner  with  his  Majesty's 
rebellious  subjects  in  America.     So  help  me  God"! 

A  joint  meeting  was  held  by  the  men  of  the  two 
Towns    at    Sagg    on    September    14,    1776,    to    endeavor 


*  Johnston  estimates  250.    Campaign  of  1776  around  New  York 
and  Brooklyn,  p.  131. 


03 

o 

Q 


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3 


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A?TOR,   LENOX 
TILDEN    FOUr;DAT[ONS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  171 

to  secure  a  mitigation  of  the  terms  of  the  oath,  but  to  no 
avail. 

Col.  Abraham  Gardiner  was  chosen,  and  forced,  to 
administer  the  oath  to  the  people  of  the  Towns,  and  it  is 
said  that  after  surrounding  their  respective  houses  at 
Sagg  and  East  Hampton,  he  forced  Cols.  Jonathan 
Hedges  and  David  Mulford  both  to  take  it,  although  all 
three  afterward  became  refugees.  As  to  the  ethical  case 
involved  in  this  oath  extorted  by  force,  1  leave  the  matter 
in  the  hands  of  Judge  Hedges,  who  wrote  of  it  as  follows  : 

"What  should  they  do?  Take  the  oath  and  live?  Re- 
fuse and  die?  They  took  the  oath,  but  in  heart  were  as 
devoted  to  their  country  and  as  hostile  to  their  oppres- 
sors as  before.  This  is  a  subject  avoided  by  writers  but 
fidelity  to  historic  truth  demands  expression.  When  resi- 
dents of  Sag  Harbor  and  the  Hamptons  took  this  oath, 
as  they  in  fact  did,  they  reasoned  thus :  Refusing  I  die 
with  no  benefit  to  my  family,  friends  or  country's  cause; 
living,  I  may  be  a  help  to  all,  ministering  to  aged  par- 
ents, to  sick  and  dying  of  family  and  friends,  protector 
of  wives,  sisters  and  children  from  brutal  assaults  on 
their  purity  and  honor.  In  law  and  morals,  fraud  or  . 
force  annuls  a  deed  or  contract,  and  undue  influence 
voids  a  will,  and  why  not  an  oath?  To  hold  an  oath  pro- 
cured by  force  valid,  is  to  hold  force  the  law  and  above 
the  right.  When  Col.  Gardiner  as  commissioner,  with 
a  company,  surrounded  the  house  of  Col.  Jonathan 
Hedges  of  Sagg,  and  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  com- 
pelled the  old  hero  to  take  the  oath,  what  else  could  he 
do?  What  else  could  Col.  Hedges  do?  It  was  this  or 
death.  They  were  both  known  as  patriots  then  and 
after.  If  Col.  Gardiner  did  not  compel  Col.  Hedges  and 
others  to  take  the  oath,  he  was  liable  to  all  the  penalties 
of  martial  law,  just  as  Col.  Hedges  was  if  he  did  not  take 
it.  At  this  very  time,  Nathaniel  Gardiner,  son  of  Col. 
Gardiner,  was  a  surgeon  in  the  American  Army,  and 
served  as  such  until  the  end  of  the  war". 

The  power  of  the  enemy  was  not  felt  in  words  alone, 
however.  On  Sept.  5,  1776,  David  Gelston,  one  of  the 
most  noted  men  the  Town  has  ever  produced,  and  who 


172  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

was  throughout  the  war  most  active  in  assisting  the 
refugees  and  amehorating  their  condition,  wrote  to  the 
New  York  State  Convention,  from  Saybrook  :  "Can  only 
tell  you  the  distresses  which  1  hourly  see  and  hear  from 
Long  Island,  are  beyond  my  power  to  describe".* 

Troops  were  soon  quartered  on  the  Towns,  Lord 
Erskine  making  his  headquarters  in  the  old  Pelletreau 
house  in  Southampton  and  doing  something  to  restrain 
his  subordinates  and  men  until  his  resignation,+  but 
Bridgehami)ton  and  occasionally  Sag  ILirbor  suffered 
from  the  presence  of  the  notorious  Major  Cochrane, 
whose  headquarters  for  long  periods  were  at  Sagg,  and 
who  seemed  to  love  cruelty  for  its  own  sake.  Judge 
Hedges  expresses  the  traditional  view  of  him  when  he 
wrote  "No  man  more  vile,  no  man  more  brutal ;  no  mem- 
ory more  execrated  has  passed  down  in  the  traditions  of 
these  Towns,  concerning  that  period  than  his."t  To 
such  an  extent  did  people  suffer  that  "to  call  any  one  a 
Hessian  was  the  lowest,  vilest  epihet  that  could  be  be- 
stowed". It  is  curious  that  even  today,  a  hundred  and 
forty  years  later,  I  have  heard  boys  not  yet  in  their  teens, 
fling  the  word  at  one  another  as  an  expression  of  op- 
probium.     In  spite  of  some  research,  I  have  been  unable 

*  Letter  from  David  Gelston  to  the  N.  Y.  Convention,  Sept.  5, 
1776.    Journ.  N.  Y.  Prov.  Congress,  1775-7,  Vol.  II,  p.  228. 

David  Gelston  was  born  July  7,  1744,  died  Aug.  21,  1828;  was  one 
of  the  petitioners  for  a  wharf  at  Sag  Harbor  1770;  signed  the  Ar- 
ticles of  Association  1775;  was  member  of  the  2d,  3d,  and  4th  Pro- 
vincial Congresses,  1775-7,  the  latter  being  empowered  to  establish 
a  new  form  of  government.  The  Committee  of  Safety  appointed 
him  to  be  one  of  a  Committee  to  procure  accounts  of  the  vessels 
carrying  refugees  from  Long  Island,  and  he  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Committee  to  report  on  a  method  of  reimbursing  the  State 
for  its  expenses  therein.  In  1780  he  was  one  of  the  Commissioners 
to  raise  specie  to  redeem  the  bills  emitted  and  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1777;  member  of  Assembly 
1777-85;  Speaker  of  that  body  1784-5;  member  of  the  Council  of 
Annointment  1792-3;  Senator  from  the  Southern  District  1791-4; 
1798  and  1802;  Canal  Commissioner  1792;  deleeate  to  U.  S.  Con- 
eress  1788;  Surrogate  of  New  York  County  1787-1801,  and  Col- 
lector of  the  Port  of  New  York  1801-20.  He  was  a  son  of  Deacon 
Gelston  and  the  old  CTel<5ton  house  is  still  standing  on  the  east  side 
of  Butter  Lane,  Bridgehampton. 

t  It  is  said  his  coming  nrevented  tl^e  use  of  the  Southampton 
Church  as  a  stable.    Howell,  Hist.  p.  75. 

t  Hedges,  Centennial  Address. 


David   Gelston 

From  "The  Refujrees  of  1776  from  L.  I.  to  Conn." 


Old  Gelston  House,  Bridgehampton 

From  "The  RefuKcts  of  1776  from  L.  I.  to  Conn." 


t-,;f.  r.E^  \OY{Y. 
PUBUC  LIBRARY 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  Oh  SOUTHAMPTON  173 

to  locate  the  names  or  numbers  of  the  regiments  quar- 
tered here.  In  1779,  General  McDougall  reported  to 
Gov.  Clinton  that  "it  is  certain  theire  are  14  Companies 
of  Light  Infantry  at  Southampton  and  it's  very  seldom 
that  the  Battalion  is  sent  on  remote  Service,  from  its 
flank  Companies". J  In  Sag  Harbor  their  barracks  were 
located  on  Madison  St.  just  off  Sage  St.  in  a  building 
since  moved,  while  the  ofificers  were  in  the  house  of 
James  Howell,  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the  American 
House  until  burned  in  the  fire  of  1845. ||  They  also  had 
a  small  fort  standing  on  the  crown  of  the  hill,  partly 
within  the  enclosure  of  the  Old  Burying  Ground,  and  in 
Southampton  another  small  one  of  earthwork  most  of 
which  latter  is  still  standing  a  few  hundred  feet  north- 
west of  the  Union  School  Building. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1778,  the  British  troops  here 
were  evidently  fairly  numerous,  and  this  part  of  the  Is- 
land was  being  counted  on  as  a  possible  base  for  attacks 
on  the  mainland,  for  on  Sept.  15th  Gen.  Sir  Henry  Clin- 
ton wrote  to  Lord  George  Germain  that  "I  detached 
Major  General  Tryon  some  time  ago  to  the  East  End  of 
Long  Island  to  secure  the  cattle  on  that  Part,  in  which 
situation  he  could  either  reinforce  Rhode  Island,  or  make  a 
descent  on  Connecticut  as  circumstances  might  occur, 
and  Transports  for  4000  Men  were  laying  then  in  the 
Sound  and  that  number  of  Troops  ready  for  embarka- 
tion on  the  shortest  notice",  t 
/  Gardiner's  Bay  also  served  as  a  rendezvous  for  the 
/  British  fleet  (between  East  Hampton  and  Gardiner's  Is- 
land), where  "Vice  Admiral  Arbuthnot  lay  with  11  ships 
of  the  line  in  the  summer  of  1780  and  in  the  winter  of 
1781.  From  this  Bay  he  sent  out  four  ships  to  watch  the 
movements  of  the  French  fleet  when  the  Culloden  a  fine 
74  Gun  ship  was  lost  on  Muntock  and  the  Bedford  was  dis- 
masted— this  was  in  the  winter  of  1781.  The  other  two 
ships  went  clear  of  Muntock  point  to  sea  and  lived  thro' 
the  snow  storm  and  gale  of  wind"*  "" 

J  Papers  of  Gov.  Clinton,  Vol.  IV,  p.  599. 
II  At  that  time  said  to  be  the  oldest  house  in  Sag  Harbor. 
t    Stevens'   Facsimiles   of   Mss.  in   European   Archives,   Number 
1152. 

*  Gardiner,  Obs.  on  the  Town  of  East  Hampton,  p.  227. 


174  HISTORY   Ut    THE    TOWN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

Besides  the  personal  indignities  and  insults  that  the 
inhabitants  were  liable  to  suffer  at  any  moment  from  the 
enemy,  their  property  of  all  kinds,  particularly,  of  course, 
their  crops  and  other  food,  was  constantly  requisitioned, 
promises  to  pay  being  given  in  exchange,  which  the 
British  Government  later  repudiated.  In  1783,  Sir  Guy 
Carleton  appointed  a  Board  of  Commissioners  for  the 
purpose  of  adjusting  demands,  but  they  sailed  without 
doing  anything  and  the  claims  were  never  paid.f  If  the 
inhabitants  fled,  to  escape  suffering  or  to  join  their 
friends  on  the  mainland,  then  their  entire  property  was 
liable  to  be  confiscated,  as  is  shown  by  the  following 
sample  list.* 

"Estimate  of  real   Estate  in   the  County  of  Suffolk 
belonging  to  persons  in  actual  Rebellion. 
Nathl.  Furdon  [Fordham]  A  farm  40  acres  Value  £2000 
John  Foster  "      100     "         "  800 

Silas  Jessup  "     200     "         "  1200 

Abel  Gilston  "     250     "         "  2000 

David  Gelston  "      140     "  "  1000 

Obadiah  Jones  "      120     "         "  900 

Uriah  Rogers  Town  Lot     10     "         "  500 

Zebulon  Cooper  "       20     "         "  600 

Abraham  Cooper  A  Farm  100     "  "  1000 

Elias  Pclletreau  "      125     "  "  1200" 

In  spite  of  this,  however,  great  numbers  abandoned 
their  homes,  or  left  them  under  the  care  of  such  as  could 
not  leave,  for  one  reason  or  another,  and  fled  to  Connec- 
ticut. This  was  not  only  in  accord  with  their  own  feel- 
ings but  with  the  recommendations  of  the  Convention 
which  voted  on  August  29,  1776,  immediately  after  the 
disaster  at  Brooklyn,  that  the  inhabitants  should  "re- 
move as  many  of  their  women,  children  and  slaves,  and 

t  The  orders  were  of  the  following  form  for  Suffolk  County: 

"You  are  hereby  ordered  to  preserve,  for  the  Kinp:'s  use, 

loads  of  hay bushels  of  wheat,   of  oats 

of^ye,    of  barley,    of   Indian   corn,   and   all   your 

wheat  and  rye  straw,  and  not  to  dispose  of  the  same  ,  but  to  my 
order,  and  in  writing,  as  you  will  answer  the  contrary  at  your 
peril". 

*  Auckland  Mss.  King's  College,  Cambridge.  Steven's  Facsim- 
iles, Number  1233.  I  give  above  only  the  names  in  Southampton 
Township. 


A  REMARKADL 

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?.fr. 

lVjrmr*s  Mal.'ji  in  his  r.oii  bjnJ, 

xra: 

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.  SAG-HARBOUR, 

PrinteJ  I»7  S.  Oi'wrn,  near  tli? 

r/f.. 

k.J.  , 

1 8.^2. 

,.-jifi 

Title  Page  of  Warner's  Dream 

(Original  in  Possession  of  Mr.  O.  R.  Ackerly) 


THE  I^IEW  ^'^^^ 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


A-TOR,    LKMOX 

i,LD-N  r.:;r- Potion; 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  175 

as  much  of  their  hve  stock  and  grain,  to  the  main  as  they 
can ;  and  that  this  Convention  will  pay  the  expense  of 
removing  the  same". 

This  was  not  wholly  out  of  sympathy  for  the  unfor- 
tunate inhabitants,  but  largely  to  reduce  the  supplies 
v/hich  otherwise  would  serve  to  support  the  British,  for  the 
people  could  raise  nothing  to  feed  or  clothe  themselves,  which 
might  not  likewise  feed  or  clothe  the  enemy,  and  it  was 
this  unfortunate  situation  to  which  was  due  a  great  part 
of  their  sufferings,  as  it  caused  them  to  be  harried  by 
friends  and  foes  alike.  Dr.  Buell  wrote  from  East 
Hampton,  Sept.  22,  1776,  that  "the  people  are  as  a 
torch  on  fire  at  both  ends,  which  will  be  speedily  con- 
sumed, for  the  Continental  whigs  carry  off  their  stock 
and  produce,  and  the  British  punish  them  for  allowing 
it  to  go.  Hopes  the  Whigs  will  not  oppress  the  op- 
pressed, but  let  the  stock  alone," 

The  battle  occurred  August  27th,  the  Convention 
acted  on  the  29th.,  and  on  Sept.  15th  there  is  an  entry 
"wharves  at  Sag  Harbor  crowded  with  immigrants."* 
So  hasty  was  the  flight  in  some  cases  that  it  is  said  that 
bread  mixed  on  Long  Island  was  baked  in  Connecticut.! 
The  various  authorities  in  that  state.  Town  and  other, 
promptly  made  such  arrangements  as  they  could  to  re- 
ceive the  influx  of  refugees  and  their  goods,  and  these, 
after  being  carried  over  the  Sound,  were  scattered 
mainly  through  the  towns  and  villages  of  Saybrook, 
Stonington,  Haddam.  East  Haddam,  Guilford,  Chester, 
Canterbury,   Middletown   and   Wethersfield. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  accounts  of  the  captains 
of  the  boats  which  ferried  the  refugees  over  were  audited 
and  paid  by  the  New  York  authorities,  they  have  been 
preserved  and  give  us  a  vivid  picture  of  the  exodus. J 

Thus,  for  a  trip  of  Sept.  2,  1776,  Capt.  Zebulon 
Cooper  turned  in  a  bill  for  transporting  94  persons;  on 
a  third  trip  he  had  63  passengers,  10  cows,  2  horses,  30 
sheep,  17  hogs,  and  33  loads  of  household  goods;  on  a 
fourth  trip,  30  cattle,  150  sheep,  2  loads  of  goods,  and  8 

*  Onderdonk,  Rev.  Incidents  in  Kings  and  Suffolk  Counties. 
t  Mather,  Refugees,  p.  261. 
X  Mather,  Refugees,  passim. 


176  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

passengers.  For  service  between  Sept.  5th  and  Oct. 
lOth,  Capt.  Griffeth  put  in  a  bill  for  transporting  John 
Hand,  Jr.,  and  a  load  of  goods  to  East  Haddan,  Ryall 
Howell  and  Sylvanus  Howell  and  3  loads  of  goods  to 
the  same  place,  Thomas  Topping  and  a  load  of  goods  to 
Saybrook,  Nathaniel  Huntting  to  the  same  place  with 

4  loads,  Deacon  Maltby  Gelston  to  East  Haddam  with 

5  loads,  and,  again,  with  six  in  his  family  and  2  hogs,  as 
well  as  two  additional  trips  for  the  Deacon  with  34  and 
14  head  of  cattle  and  3  more  loads  of  household  goods. 
And  so  the  examples  might  be  multiplied  indefinitely. 

Many  of  them  made  a  number  of  trips  at  first,  and 
probably  considered  their  exile  but  temporary.  No  one 
could  foresee  the  long  years  the  war  was  to  last,  and 
even  if  it  should  last  longer  than  they  anticipated,  they 
probably  expected  no  difficulty  in  returning  should  need 
arise.  But  as  the  situation  gradually  developed,  with 
the  rise  of  the  "illicit  trade"  and  other  dangers  due  to 
intercourse  with  the  enemy,  the  authorities  forbade  and 
prevented  such  returnings,  except  as  occasionally 
granted  in  individual  cases.  Sometimes  the  applica- 
tions were  favorably  acted  upon,  as  when  it  was  voted, 
Dec.  2,  1778,  that  the  wife  of  Col.  Jonathan  Hedges  "be 
permitted  to  return  to  Long  Island  to  reside  there  with 
one  daughter  aged  about  15  years  and  one  son  aged 
about  9  years;  and  that  one  of  his  sons  be  permitted  to 
go  over  to  Long  Island  to  fetch  ofT  some  grain  under 
the  inspection  and  direction  of  one  justice  of  the  peace 
and  two  of  the  selectmen  of  Stonington".  These  pre- 
cautions were  adopted  in  practically  all  cases,  even 
where  the  loyalty  of  the  individuals  was  unquestioned. 
Thus  we  find,  on  another  date,  (May  22,  lyyc)),  that  it 
was  "voted  that  Cols.  John  Hiilbert.  Theophilus  How- 
ell, [Lt.]  David  Sayer,  and  [Capt.]  Stephen  Howell  be 
permitted  to  pass  with  a  boat  to  IvOng  Island  and  to 
bring  off  some  grain  provided  they  first  apply  to  Capt. 
Shipman.  commandant  at  the  fort  at  Say  Brook,  to 
search  said  boat  and  see  that  no  goods,  provisions  or 
money  are  on  board  at  the  time  of  departure,  and  on 
their  return  they  shall  exhibit    to    said    Shipman    a    true 


The  Mill  and  Its  Miller,   Bridgehampton 


TilE  MEW  YOCK 
•'JBLIC  LIBRARY 


ASTOR,   LENOX 

VILDEN    FOb'r;DATIONS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOU'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  111' 

manifest  of  the  grain  they  shall  have  brought  from  said 
Long  Island  in  said  boat".* 

The  people  of  Connecticut  undoubtedly  did  what 
they  could  for  the  sufferers,  but  without  homes,  without 
opportunity  to  work  at  their  trades  or  accustomed  occu- 
pations, with  insufficient  money  to  last  the  years  of  the 
war,  with  their  properties  on  the  Island  falling  into  de- 
cay or  ruined  by  the  enemy,  in  many  cases  with  the 
heads  of  the  family  killed  or  in  the  army,  their  plight 
was  pitiable  and  it  is  hard  to  determine  which  suffered 
most,  those  who  remained  at  home  or  those  who  fled  by 
the  advice  of  the  Convention. 

Among  the  documents  are  many  which  tell  the  sad 
story,  as  when  Dr.  Silas  Halsey  petitions  that  he  may  be 
permitted  to  return  from  Killingworth  to  his  home,  for 
"since  his  residence  in  said  Town  he  hath  lost  his  wife, 
and  his  family  left  in  Broken  Circumstances,  that  he  is 
in  no  business  whereby  to  Subsist  his  Family  and  hath 
expended  almost  everything  he  brought  with  him  and 
by  the  present  enhanced  price  of  the  necessary  articles 
of  Subsistence  cannot  any  longer  support  himself  and 
family  unless  he  may  be  permitted  to  return".  Joseph  Top- 
ping among  many  others,  likewise  petitions,  saying  "that 
the  Property  he  brought  with  him  is  nearly  expended 
and  he  hath  a  Family  consisting  of  a  Wife  and  Six  Child- 
ren which  he  can  discern  no  way  to  support  here  much 
longer,  that  he  hath  a  Farm  and  an  Aged  Father  on  Long 
Island,  who  want  his  Service  &  his  Assistance  &c",  and 
these  examples  could  be  many  times  multiplied. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  Long  Island  lost  $500,000 
worth  of  property  during  the  British  occupation,  and  after 
the  war  the  unusual  sums  voted  in  poor  relief,  changes 
in  the  ownership  of  land,  and  the  enormous  number  of 
mortgages  placed,  all  bear  witness  to  the  same  story 
of  suffering,  impoverishment  and  death.  In  spite  of 
this,  the  new  state  of  New  York,  casting  about  for  ways 
to  raise  money,  levied  a  tax  of  $37000  upon  the  Island 
because  it  had  not  been  in  a  position  to  take  an  active 

part  in  the  war.  

*~Mathei%^Refugees,  fronTwhich  work  all  the  quotations  rela- 
tive to  the  refu.e:ees  are  taken,  and  which  is  a  mine  of  documentary 
material  bearing  on  this  matter. 


178  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

There  were  no  military  operations  of  any  importance 
at  the  East  End,  and  this  chapter,  therefore,  can  merely 
describe  the  conditions  resulting  from  the  war,  together 
Avith  some  of  the  illustrative  personal  anecdotes  which 
1  have  placed  at  its  end.  To  this  general  statement,  how- 
ever, there  was  one  brilliant  exception,  that  of  Col. 
Meigs'  Sag  Harbor  expedition  which,  while  small  in  it- 
self, lit  up  some  of  the  darkest  days  of  the  Revolution, 
coming  as  it  did  just  at  the  moment  when  some  victory 
was  needed  to  put  new  heart  into  the  American  cause. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Prime,  from  his  residence  here  only  thirty 
years  later,  and  from  the  opportunity  which  he  had  of 
getting  the  facts  from  those  personally  familiar  with 
them,  (notably  IJeacon  John  White,  of  Sagg,  who  was 
with  the  attacking  party),  was  in  an  unusual  position  to 
get  the  exact  truth,  and  I  therefore  quote  his  account 
verbatim.  The  expedition  was  conducted,  of  course,  in 
1777,  and  was  for  the  purpose  of  destroying  stores  col- 
lected by  the  British  at  the  Harbor. 

"Embarking  at  New  Haven,  on  the  21st  of  ^lay, 
in  whale  boats,*  he  was  compelled  by  the  roughness  of 
the  Sound",  wrote  Mr.  Prime,  "to  hold  the  Connecticut 
shore,  till  the  23rd.  In  the  afternoon  of  that  day,  he  left 
Guilford,  with  170  men,  in  whale  boats,  under  the  con- 
voy of  two  armed  sloops,  and  arrived  at  Southold  about 
sunset.  Taking  130  men,  and  transporting  their  boats 
across  the  northern  branch  of  the  Island  he  embarked 
on  the  bay,  for  Sag  Harbor,  where  he  arrived  after  mid- 
night, and  landing  at  the  foot  of  the  beach,  about  two 
miles  above  the  village.  There  concealing  his  boats  in 
the  bushes,  and  leaving  a  few  men  for  a  guard,  he 
proceeded  towards  the  Harbor.  At  the  house  now  oc- 
cupied by  Mr.  Silas  Edwards,  which  was  used  as  a  hos- 
pital, he  seized  two  men,  who  were  taking  care  of  the 
sick  whom  he  used  as  guides,  and  whom  he  threatened 
with  instant  death,  for  the  least  failure  in  executing  his 
requirements.     Under  their  direction,  he  was  led  to  the 


*  These  whaleboats  which  figured  larjrely  in  what  was  known  as 
the  whale  boat  warfare,  were  nicknamed  "shaving-  mills"  when 
used  in  the  illicit  trade.  Adventures  of  Christopher  Hawkins,  p. 
135. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOM'N  OF  .SOUTHAMPTON  179 

quarters  of  the  commanding  officer,  whom  he  arrested 
and  secured,  while  lying  in  his  bed.  At  this  juncture, 
an  alarm  was  given,  and  a  single  shot  was  fired  from  an 
armed  vessel,  which,  however,  was  not  repeated  from 
the  inability  to  determine  the  cause  of  the  alarm.  An 
outpost  was  immediately  carried,  with  fixed  bayonets, 
and  the  land  forces  secured.  He  then  proceeded  to  the 
shipping  at  the  wharf;  where,  after  being  exposed  to  the 
fire  of  an  armed  schooner  of  12  guns,  and  70  men  for 
nearly  an  hour,  he  completely  effected  the  object  of  the 
expedition.  In  a  short  time,  12  brigs  and  sloops,  one 
of  which  carried  12  guns  were  enveloped  in  flames,  and 
with  them  120  tons  of  hay,  10  hogsheads  of  rum,  and  a 
large  quantity  of  grain  and  merchandize  were  com- 
pletely destroyed.  Of  the  enemy,  6  were  killed,  and  90 
taken  prisoners.  The  same  day,  Col.  Meigs  embarked 
for  Guilford,  where  he  arrived,  after  an  absence  of  only 
25  hours,  during  which  he  had  transported  his  troops, 
alternately  by  land  and  water,  a  distance  of  90  miles, 
without  the  loss  of  a  single  man.* 

The  whaleboats  mentioned  above,  and  many  of 
which  were  used  in  the  so-called  "whale-boat  warfare", 
were  sharply  built  craft  from  twenty  to  thirty  feet  long, 
using  from  four  to  thirty  oars  each.  They  were  duly 
commissioned  by  the  government  to  cruise  against  Eng- 
lish shipping,  but  were  limited  in  their  operations  to  high 
water  mark.  This  limit  was  passed,  however,  as  the 
war  lasted  on  and  many  crews  became  mere  freebooters, 
plundering  friend  and  foe  alike,  and  many  complaints  oc- 
cur of  their  depredations.  % 

In  many  of  the  older  houses  about  here  there  are 
still  evidences  of  the  Hessian  occupation  to  be  seen  in 
the  way  of  mutilated  furniture,!  pictures  carved  in  the 

*  Prime,  Hist.,  p.  210. 

X  See,  e.  g.  "Memorial  from  the  Inhabitants  of  Southold  and 
Shelter  Id.  to  Gov.  Clinton  Depicting  the  Outrages  Committed 
Under  Cover  of  Commissions  Issued  by  Gov.  Trumbull,  Southold 
Sepr  21st  1781."  Gov.  Clinton  Papers,  Vol.  VII.  pp.  343  et  seq.  (A 
long  list  of  outrages  committed  at  Shelter  Id.,  Southampton  and 
Southold.) 

t  Residence  of  Mr.  A.  M.  Cook,  Hayground. 


180  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOlf'N   Of  SOUTHAMFTON 

woodworkj  and  so  on,  and  many  traditions  have  come 
down  of  the  minor  personal  events  and  sufferings  of 
those  days. 

Capt.  EHas  Henry  Halsey  of  Bridgehampton,  was 
captain  of  a  privateer  brig,  lying  in  New  London  harbor 
at  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Grcjton.  in  which  Capt.  Hal- 
sey took  part  and  in  which  he  met  his  death,  his  name 
appearing  on  the  monument  there.  The  following  ac- 
count of  his  part  in  the  fight  is  from  a  contemporary 
narrative  of  an  eye-witness.  "As  soon  as  he  (the  enemy  ) 
got  on  level  ground  we  were  prepared  to  salute  them 
with  a  gun  that  took  in  an  eighteen  pound  ball,  but  was 
then  loaded  with  two  bags  of  grape  shot.  Capt.  Elias 
Henry  Halsey  directed  the  gun,  and  took  aim  at  the 
enemy.  He  had  practised  on  board  of  privateers  and  he 
did  his  duty  well.  I  was  present  with  him  and  others  near 
the  gun.  and  when  the  shot  struck  the  enemy  it  cleared  a 
wide  space  in  tlieir  solid  column.  It  was  reported  on 
good  authority  that  about  twenty  men  were  killed  and 
wounded  by  that  charge  of  grape  shot."* 

Capt.  Daniel  Havens,  Jan.  31,  1779,  assisted  in  cap- 
turing the  British  brig  Ranger  of  12  guns,  one  of  those 
which  infested  the  Sound,  plundering  the  coast,  and 
which  at  the  time  of  capture,  was  lying  at  the  wharf  at 
Sag  Harbor.  On  the  following  day  he  made  a  bold  at- 
tempt, with  others,  on  seven  more  vessels  which  put  into 
port,  but  was  unsuccessful. f  His  nephew  John  Sawyer, 
of  Sag  Harbor,  had  been  taken  prisoner  at  sea  and  kept 
on  board  the  frigate  Maidstone  with  Christopher  Haw- 
kins, another  young  American  lad,  both  escaping  while 
the  vessel  lay  at  New  York,  and  making  their  way  to  the 
Harbor  where  they  were  sheltered  by  Capt.  Havens,  as 
told  in  Hawkins'  Adventures.  Hawkins  was  again  cap- 
tured later,  placed  in  the  Jersey  prison  ship,  escaped 
stark  naked,  and  again  made  his  way  to  the  Harbor  and 
safety.  Young  Sawyer  sailed  in  a  privateer  and  cap- 
tured a  British  vessel  off  Montauk,  being  put  on  board 

X  Residence  of  Mr.  E.  J.  Thompson,  Sagg. 

*  Rufus   Avery's   Mss.   Narrative   in   Allyn's    Battle    of    Groton 
Heights,  p.  33. 

t  Adventures  of  Christopher  Hawkins,  p.  185. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TO  UN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  181 

with  the  prize  crew.  The  captured  crew  rose,  however, 
and  Sawyer,  who  was  in  the  rigging  at  the  time,  was  shot 
dead. 

Of  Capt.  David  Hand,  mentioned  in  the  last  chapter, 
Judge  Hedges  wrote  that  he  "started  to  go  in  the  ex- 
pedition with  Montgomery,  became  sick  at  Albany  and 
returned.  He  afterwards  followed  the  seas  on  priva- 
teers; was  taken  prisoner  by  the  British  five  times;  was 
impressed  in  service  and  escaped;  was  in  the  Sugar 
House,  at  the  Wallabout,  and  in  the  prison  ships.  A 
man  of  indomitable  courage  and  spirit.  He  it  was  who 
when  robbed  and  plundered  of  his  clothing,  and  denied 
his  wages  by  the  commander  of  a  British  vessel,  indig- 
niantly  said  to  the  Captain,  "All  I  ask  now  is  to  begin  at 
your  taffrail  and  fight  the  whole  ship's  crew  forward  and 
die  like  a  man",  t 

They  took  him  to  Halifax  "and  he  footed  it  home 
across  New  England  in  winter.  After  tramping  through 
slush  all  day,  he  came  to  a  house  and  thought  he  had 
taken  his  last  step  on  earth,  but  he  fell  in  with  kind  folks 
and  they  nursed  him  and  the  woman  warmed  his  bed, 
sprinkling  sugar  in  the  warming  pan  to  take  the  cold  out 
of  his  bones.  He  told  her  that  his  mother  never  did  that 
for  him.  'Ah'  she  said,  'your  mother  never  saw  you  as  I 
see  you  now'." 

"One  night  as  he  was  foddering  corn  up,  Maj.  Coch- 
rane rode  into  his  yard  and  ordered  him  to  hitch  up  his 
team  and  cart  a  load  from  Southampton.  He  told  him 
he  wouldn't  as  he  had  turned  out  his  team  and  he 
wouldn't  hitch  them  up  again.  Cochrane  drew  his  sword 
and  pranced  aroimd  the  yard  ordering  him  to  hitch  up. 
The  old  man  put  for  him  with  his  pitch  fork  and  said  to 
him,  'I  have  fastened  to  many  a  whale  and  I'll  fasten  to 
you  if  you  don't  get  out  of  here'.  'Well',  said  Cochrane, 
'Mr.  Hand,  I  guess  you  and  I  had  better  be  friends'."* 

t    Hedges,  Centennial  Address,  p.  15. 

*  C.  H.  Hildreth  in  News,  Sept  3,  1909.  Another,  although  not 
a  Revolutionary  story  told  of  him  relates  that  at  one  time  he  was 
in  some  South  American  port  with  his  ship  and  a  Spanish  ship  of 
war  was  there  also.  The  crews  of  the  two  ships  met  on  shore  and 
quarrelled  over  some  game  or  other.  Capt.  Hand  taking  the  part 
of  his  men  and  the  Spanish  officer  of  his,  with  the  result  that  the 


182  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

Among  local  incidents,  it  is  recalled  that  Maj.  Coch- 
rane once  had  a  peaceable  and  inoffensive  man,  William 
Russell  by  name,  tied  up  and  whipped  till  the  blood  ran 
down  to  his  feet,  and  this  with  no  adequate  provoca- 
tion."* 

Again,  speaking  of  the  British,  Howell  says,  "Cattle 
were  wantonly  carried  off,  forage  seized  without  pay- 
ment, loose  property  appropriated  and  even  furniture  in 
their  dwellings  demolished.  They  came  to  the  house 
of  Mr.  Lemuel  Pierson  and  turned  him  out.  Against 
their  orders,  he  was  determined  to  carry  off  some  of  his 
furniture,  and  although  they  stood  over  him  with  drawn 
sword,  he  persisted  and  gained  his  point.  At  another 
time,  they  came  to  his  house  to  secure  any  plunder  that 
might  offer  itself.  Mrs.  Pierson  was  alone  in  the  house 
with  young  children,  but  nothing  daunted,  met  them  at 
the  door  with  a  kettle  of  hot  water  and  threatened  to 
scald  the  first  man  who  attempted  to  enter  her  doors; 
and  the  British  thinking  discretion  the  better  part  of 
valor,  quietly  retreated".!  A  similar  story  is  told  of  a 
woman  of  the  Hildreth  family  on  Mecox  Road.t 

"At  another  time,  a  number  of  British  soldiers,  with 
blackened  faces  and  coats  turned  inside  out,  came  to  the 
house  of  Mr.  Edward  Topping. ||  Mr.  Topping  was 
awakened  by  the  noise  and  seizing  his  gun,  ran  to  de- 


officer  challenged  Capt.  Hand  to  a  duel.  He  accepted  and  appeared 
with  his  mate  as  his  second,  at  the  spot  selected,  early  the  follow- 
ing morning.  As  the  challenged  party,  he  had  the  choice  of  weap- 
ons and  had  chosen  whaling  irons  (harpoons  with  their  lines  at- 
tached well  sharpened.)  One  was  handed  to  the  astonished  of- 
ficer, Capt.  Hand  took  the  other,  walked  back  a  short  distance, 
balanced  his  weapon  carefully  and  prepared  to  strike.  The  officer 
knew  not  what  to  do  with  his,  and  when  he  saw  the  Captain  feel- 
ingly balancing  the  long  harpoon  and  heard  him  call  out  to  the 
mate.  "When  I  fasten,  haul  in  slack",  he  turned  and  fled. 

*  Howell  Hist.  p.  75.  Pierson  &  Hildreth  had  a  spider  legged 
mill  on  the  corner  of  Chas.  S.  Rogers  lot  by  the  Sagg  schoolhouse. 
II,  was  to  the  whoel  of  this  mill  that  Russell  was  tied  and  "Henry 
Squires  grandmother  was  a  girl  and  lived  near  the  schoolhouse  and 
saw  the  whipning.  She  said  the  blood  was  running  down  to  Rus- 
sell's heel-."    C.  H.  Hildreth,  News,  Aug.  20,  1909. 

t  Howell,  Hist.  p.  76. 

t  News.  Jan.  21,  1910. 

!l  The  Augustus  Corwith  house.  Main  St.  and  Corwith  Ave., 
Bridgehampton. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON  183 

fend  his  castle  from  the  intruders.  A  window  was  raised 
from  the  outside,  and  a  man  appeared  about  to  make  his 
entrance.  Mr.  Topping  commanded  him  to  retire  and 
threatened  to  shoot  if  he  persisted.  No  attention  was 
paid  to  his  warning,  however,  and  as  the  man  cHmbed 
in,  he  shot  and  the  soldier  fell  back  dead.  'He  was  car- 
ried off  by  his  comrades,  and  the  next  morning  word 
was  sent  to  Gen.  Erskine  at  Southampton.  He  came 
over  to  Bridgehampton,  investigated  the  affair,  and  hav- 
ing learned  the  facts,  said  to  the  British  soldiers  around 
him  :  'Is  that  one  of  your  best  men?  Dom  him',  (kicking 
the  body),  'take  him  down  to  the  ocean  and  bury  him 
below  high  watermark.'  And  so  ended  the  affair,  which 
under  Maj.  Cochrane,  might  have  had  for  Mr.  Topping 
a  more  tragical  termination".* 

Another  story  of  Maj.  Cochrane,  is  that  when  at 
Sagg,  he  took  a  young  boy  and  had  him  shot  or  pre- 
tended to  shoot  at  him  as  a  mark.  The  mother  in  her  dis- 
tress sent  an  old  servant  to  ask  for  him.  Cochrane  re- 
leased the  lad,  and  ordered  the  slave  to  be  tied  up  in 
the  same  place,  calling  him  a  black  limping  devil  and  act- 
ually continued  to  shoot  at  him  at  intervals  throughout 
the  afternoon. t 

A  pleasanter  story  is  told  of  Gen.  Erskine,  who  is  said 
to  have  been  "riding  along  the  Sagg  road  one  day,  when 
he  met  a  lad  on  a  load  of  hay,  and  he  began  to  banter  the 
boy  about  being  a  young  rebel.  But  he  soon  found  that 
the  boy  had  a  sharp  tongue  and  a  sturdy  spirit,  and  he 
manfully  stood  up  for  the  rights  of  the  Americans.  Gen. 
Erskine  rode  on  amused  and  yet  impressed.  Not  long 
afterwards  he  resigned  his  commission  and  returned  to 
England,  and  he  owned  that  his  talk  with  that  boy  had 
much  to  do  with  convincing  him  of  the  injustice  of  Eng- 
land's position  and  the  impossibility  of  subduing  the  col- 
onists whose  children  showed  such  determination."'! 

Many  more  incidents  might  be  given,  but,  like  those 
noted  above,  they  were  of  such  a  nature  as  might  have 
occurred  anywhere  at  that  period  where  a  hostile  army 

*  Howell,  Hist.  p.  75. 

t  Hedges,  Centennial  Address. 

%  News,  Jan.  21,  1910. 


184  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOtfN   OF  SOUTH  AM  HTON 

of  occupation  was  in  possession  of  the  land.  Enough 
have  been  given  to  suggest  conditions  as  they  existed  on 
the  East  End  during  the  war.  After  its  close,  the  ma- 
jority of  those  who  had  been  in  exile  returned  to  pick 
up,  as  far  as  might  be,  the  broken  threads  of  their  lives. 
Many  hcnvever,  had  died,  either  from  disease,  or  in  the 
service  of  their  country,  not  a  few,  during  the  years  of 
enforced  absence  had  made  new  ties  and  settled  else- 
%\here,  all  who  returned  faced  heavy  losses  and  many 
changes,  and  it  must  have  been  long  years  before  life 
could  have  resumed  its  normal  aspect. 


J 


CHAPTER  IX. 


THE  WAR  OF  1812. 


A  little  less  than  a  generation  after  the  events  nar- 
rated in  the  last  chapter,  the  people  of  America  were 
again  called  to  arms.  In  1803  war  had  broken  out  be- 
tween England  and  France,  and  "in  two  years  time  al- 
most the  whole  carrying  trade  of  Europe  was  in  Ameri- 
can hands."  Our  merchant  marine  increased  enorm- 
ously, as  did,  of  course,  likewise  the  commercial  pros- 
perity of  all  our  seaports.  I  cannot  here  go  into  the  de- 
tailed story  of  the  measures  taken  by  the  European  bel- 
ligerents to  thwart  this  neutral  trade  with  their  several 
opponents,  the  paper  blockades,  Orders  in  Council,  the 
Napoleonic  decrees  of  Berlin  and  Milan,  nor  into  the 
subject  of  our  own  Embargo  Acts  and  others,  passed  in 
self  defence.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  on  the  19th  of  June, 
1812,  a  state  of  war  was  proclaimed  by  President  Madi- 
son as  existing  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain,  and  that  the  struggle  lasted  until  the  24th  of 
December  two  years  later. 

The  conditions  which  finally  resulted  in  the  rupture 
between  the  two  countries  had  been  peculiarly  galling  to 
the  people  at  the  East  End,  particularly  the  inexcusable 
policy  of  impressing  American  seamen  pursued  by  Eng- 
land both  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution  and  in  the  suc- 
ceeding years.  Between  1796  and  1802  the  United 
States  had  found  it  necessary  to  demand  through  its 
agent  in  London,  the  release  of  1940  American  citizens 
who  had  been  impressed  by  Great  Britain  and  forced  to 


186  HI6TUR)    OF  THE  TOHN  Of  WUTHAMFTON 

serve  on  her  ships,*  Not  only  the  carrying  trade,  but 
the  whahng-  industry  of  Sag  Harbor  had  been  rapidly  in- 
creasing since  the  Revolution  and  Southampton's  in- 
terest in  the  seas  (jf  the  world  was  becoming  almost  as 
great  as  in  her  fertile  fields  and  abundant  woods. 

In  the  last  chapter,  we  noted  the  impressment  of  a 
Sag  Harbor  lad,  John  Sawyer,  but  this  was  not  an  iso- 
lated case,  and  as  they  became  more  frequent  and  as  the 
roll  of  husbands,  fathers,  and  sons  seized  in  foreign  ports 
or  on  the  high  seas  and  forced  to  serve  in  the  English 
ships  became  steadily  longer,  the  exasperation  of  the 
people  increased  as  steadily. J  Lewis  Osborne,  of  East 
Hampton,  John  Strong  of  Wainscott,  Reuben  Hedges, 
John  Gann,  Benjamin  Miller  and  Joshua  Penny  are 
among  the  names  which  have  come  down  to  us  of  the 
men  thus  seized  who  had  sailed  from  Sag  Harbor,  and 
of  the  last  of  these  we  have  a  complete  account  in  a  rare 
little  pamphlet  printed  by  Alden  Spooner  in   1815.! 

Born  in  Southold,  Penny  was  apprenticed  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  to  Dr.  John  Gardiner,  but  wishing  to  go  to 
sea,  his  indenture  was  cancelled  at  the  end  of  the  first 
year  and  he  then  shipped  on  various  voyages  to  ports  on 
the  Atlantic  coast,  Guadaloupe,  and  the  West  Indies, 
spending  a  year  also  with  the  Indians  in  the  interior  of 
Georgia.  He  then  sailed  from  Savannah  to  Cork,  was 
in  Ireland  in  1798,  sailed  in  an  African  slaver  to  Jamaica 
and  was  there  impressed  and  forced  to  serve,  with  four 
other  Americans,  on  the  British  frigate  Alligator,  which 
took  him  to  England.  There  he  was  transferred  to  the 
sixty-four  gun  frigate  Stately,  which  formed  part  of  the 
squadron  which  sailed  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and 
captured  South  Africa  from  the  Dutch.  No  attention 
was  paid  to  his  "protection"  as  an  American  seaman  and 
he  was  not  allowed  to  communicate  with  an  American 

*  Cambridg:e  Modern  History,  Vol.  VII,  p.  329. 

X  The  following  is  from  the  Long  Island  Herald  of  Apl.  19, 
1797:  "The  schooner  Pepjf^y,  Stephen  Hall,  master,  on  his  passage 
from  Curacoa  to  this  port  was  boarded  by  a  British  armed  brig  be- 
longing to  Jamaica  and  had  three  of  his  men  pressed.  Capt.  Hall 
was  sick  at  the  time,  and  was  under  the  necessity  of  putting  into 
Cape  Nicola  Mole,  as  he  could  not  navigate  his  vessel  home  for 
want  of  hands." 

t  Life  and  Adventures  of  Joshua  Penny.  The  copy  which  I  used 
is  in  the  library  of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  187 

consul.  He  was  next  forced  to  serve  on  land,  escaped 
and  went  over  to  the  Dutch,  being  recaptured  at  Cape 
Town  and  after  being  imprisoned  as  a  deserter,  was 
again  impressed  and  served  on  various  British  ships  of 
war,  in  one  of  which  he  was  fiogged  until  he  fainted. 
Being  ill,  he  was  sent  to  the  hospital  at  Table  Mountain, 
whence  he  again  escaped  and  lived  alone  in  the  wilds  of 
the  mountains  for  thirteen  months,  finally  reaching  Cape 
Town  dressed  in  skins.  At  last,  after  many  more  adven- 
tures he  reached  Southold  after  an  absence  of  eleven  and  a 
half  years,  burning  with  the  desire  to  wreak  vengeance 
of  some  sort  upon  his  captors,  and  his  attempt  to  do  so 
will  be  noted  later  in  the  present  chapter. 

Meanwhile,  war,  as  the  only  alternative  to  passive 
submission  had  been  looming  steadily  larger  and  in  1810 
the  United  States  let  the  contract  for  building  the  old 
Arsenal  in  Sag  Harbor,  which  stood  on  Union  Street 
until  (lemolished  during  the  latter  half  of  Cleveland's  first 
administration.* 

War  was  declared  in  June,t  and  on  July  13th  Gov. 

*  The  contract  was  made  June  15,  1810,  between  Henry  P.  Ber- 
ing, Agent  on  the  part  of  the  U.  S.  for  the  fortifications  at  Sag 
Harbor  and  Henry  B.  Havens  master  mason  and  Eliab  Byram  mas- 
ter carpenter.  The  cost  was  $1810.  The  contract  is  given  in  the 
Express  of  Sept.  9,  1886. 

t  On  June  27,  1812,  Gen.  Rose  wrote  to  Maj.  Blackwell,  from 
Bridgehampton  as  follows:  "Sir:  in  compliance  with  yours  of  the 
18th  inst.  I  would  recommend  Jeremiah  Miller  as  Junior  Major  for 
the  late  detachment;  as  the  Commander  in  Chief  has  assigned  a 
Lt.  Col.  from  Gen'l  Jackson's  Brigade,  thought  it  likely  both  Majors 
would  be  taken  from  my  Brigade.  If  that  should  be  thought  ex- 
pedient I  would  also  name  Nathaniel  Smith  as  first  Major. 

"The  number  of  men  detached  from  my  brigade  is  290  including 
officers.  Have  arranged  them  into  four  companies  and  made  the 
assignment  as  follows: 

"From  Col.  Wickham's  Regt.  68  Non  C.  officers  and  privates. 
Officers  assigned — Capt.  David  Hedges,  Lt.  David  Hedges,  Ens. 
Levi  Howell. 

"Col.  Moore's  Regt.  66  Non  C.  officers  and  privates.  Assigned — 
Cant.  Noah  Terrv,  Lt.  Jabez  Corwin,  Ens.  Joshua  Fleet.  Col.  Sat- 
tcrlv's  Regt.  65  Non  C.  officers  and  privates.  Assigned — Capt.  John 
R.  Satterlv,  Lt.  John  Woodhull,  Ens.  Lewis  Rich.  Col.  Floyd's 
Regt.  79  Non  C.  officers  and  privates.  Assigned — Capt.  John  Vail, 
Lieut.  Samll.  Skidmore,  Fns.  Theodorus  Weeks  ..."  Rose  Mss. 
Throughout  this  chapter  I  quote  much  of  the  Rose  naners  as  most 
of  them  have  not  before  been  prmted  excent  partiallv  in  the  Ex- 
press in  various  issues  in  1886.  The  papers  are  in  the  possession 
of  Mrs.  J.  B.  Brown. 


1S8  HISTORY    OF    THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

Tompkins  wrote  to  Gen.  Rose  at  Bridgehampton  that 
"500  muskets,  500  setts  of  accoutrements,  1000  flints, 
loooo  rounds  of  fixed  ammunition,  one  Iron  nine  pound 
Cannon  on  Field  Carriage  with  all  needful  apparatus, 
100  nine  pound  balls,  100  three  pound  balls,  6  quarter 
casks  of  powder  and  one  coil  of  slowmatch"  were  being 
shipped  to  Sag  Harbor.*  A  few  days  later  he  wrote  to 
Alaj.  Gen.  Stephens,  asking  him  to  dispense  with  the 
draft  at  that  place  as  the  soldiers  there  were  "indispensable 
for  the  security  of  that  exposed  part  of  our  Frontier" 
and  should  not  be  called  to  New  York.f 

On  August  26  a  company  of  Foot  Artillery  was  or- 
dered to  Sag  Harbor  to  protect  the  Arsenal  and  stores, 
while  other  troops. were  sent  to  various  points  on  the 
East  End  for  the  defence  of  Suffolk  County  under  the 
command  of  Gen.  Rose  of  Bridgehampton.t 

On  the  22nd  of  the  following  month  a  number  of  men 
who  were  exempt  from  military  duty,  living  in  Sag  Har- 
bor and  nearby,  offered  their  services  for  the  ])rotection 
of  the  Harbor  against  invasion,  and  were  formed  into  an 
Artillery  Company  by  the  state,  with  John  Jermain  as 
Captain,  and  Elisha  Prior,  Cornelius  Sleight  and  Thomas 
Beebe,  Lieutenants. § 

The  week  before.  General  Rose  had  issued  Brigade 
Orders  that  the  "company  of  artillery  commanded  by 
Capt.  Lodowick  Post  parade  at  Sag  Harbor  on  Thurs- 
day the  24th  inst.,  at  2  o'clock  P.  M.  to  be  stationed  at 
that  port  in  such  manner  as  may  then  be  directed,  for  the 
protection  of  the  arsenal  and  manning  the  cannon  sta- 
tioned at  that  place.  That  the  company  of  infan- 
try detached  from  Col.  VVickham's  regiment  com- 
manded by  Capt.  David  Hedges  be  stationed  at 
Montauk     on     the     same      dav      and      that      the      com- 


*  Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  32.  On  Dec.  31  he  wrote  to  H.  P. 
Derinp:  asking  him  to  take  charge  of  the  government  stores  at  the 
Harbor.     Ibid,  p.  217. 

t  Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  III.  p.  36. 

X  Genl.  Orders,  Aug.  26,  1812.  Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  I,  p.  386. 
Gen.  Rose  was  assigned  to  the  33d  Brigade  of  Infantry  Apl.  13, 
1812.  Ibid,  p.  626.  He  was  bom  1765  and  died  Aug.  22,  1843.  He 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1840.  as  Hugh  Halsey  was  in  1844  and 
Judge  A.  T.  Rose  in  1848,  all  of  Bridgehampton. 

§   General  Orders,  Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  I,  p.  406. 


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HISTORY  Of  THE  TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  189 

pany  of  infantry  detached  from  Col.  Moore's  regiment, 
commanded  by  Capt.  Noah  Terry  be  stationed  at  Oyster 
Ponds  in  the  Town  of  Southold  at  the  direction  of  Major 
B.  Case,  who  is  hereby  authorized  to  procure  such 
houses,  parts  of  houses  or  barns  for  the  accommodation 
of  said  company  as  may  be  necessary,  with  as  httle  in- 
convenience to  the  inhabitants  as  possible. "f 

The  following  summer  the  British  fleet  appeared  in 
Gardiner's  Bay,  under  command  of  Sir  Thomas  Hardy, 
a  brave  man  and  gallant  gentleman,  best  known  to  most, 
perhaps,  as  the  friend  of  Admiral  Nelson,  to  whose  com- 
mand he  succeeded  after  the  fatal  wounding  of  the  latter 
at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  From  the  time  of  the  first 
appearance  of  the  fleet  the  danger  of  attack  and  invasion 
was  ever  present,  and  on  May  ist  General  Rose  was  or- 
dered by  the  Commander  in  Chief  to  call  together  the 
Field  and  Staff  officers  of  the  most  easterly  regiment 
and  arrange  alarm  signals  with  them,  places  of  rendez- 
vous in  case  of  attack,  to  consider  methods  of  arming 
the  people  and  to  take  any  other  measures  to  repel  in- 
vasion. Henry  P.  Dering  was  to  have  charge  of  the  sig- 
nals at  Sag  Harbor  in  case  a  landing  should  be  at- 
tempted at  that  place.* 

In  accordance  with  General  Orders  received,  Gen. 
Rose  issued  the  following  Brigade  Orders,  which  de- 
scribe the  precautions  taken  by  him  : 

"Bridgehampton,  May  14th,  1813. 

"In  pursuance  of  general  orders  of  the  14th  inst.  the 
Brigadier  General  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  field  and 
stafT  officers  of  Col.  Wickham's  regiment,  has  adopted 
the  following  regulations  in  case  of  invasion  or  other 
emergency. 

"Upon  approach  of  the  enemy  at  Sag  Harbor  in  case 
no  troops  are  there  stationed,  Henry  P.  Dering,  Esq., 
will  speedilv  give  notice  to  Gen'l.  Rose  and  to  Col.  Wick- 
ham  and  will  also  give  an  alarm  at  Sag  Harbor  by  caus- 
ing to  be  fired  three  minute  guns  and  with  the  intermis- 
sion of  three  minutes  to  repeat  the  same  which  signals 
will  be  given  in  East  Hampton  under  the  direction  of 

t  Rose  Mss.  Dated  Bridgehamnton.  Sept.  17,  1812. 
*  General  Orders,  dated  "Headquarters,  Sagg  Harbour,  May  1st, 
1813."     Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  I,  p.  442. 


190  lUSTURY  UF  THE  TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

Col.  Wickham ;  in  Bridgehampton  by  Mr.  Stephen 
Sayre,  and  in  Southampton  by  Maj.  Foster. 

"If  an  invasion  should  happen  at  Montauk  when  no 
troops  are  stationed  there,  Mr.  t^lisha  Parsons  is  di- 
rected to  give  notice  to  Col.  Wickham,  who  will  forward 
same  at  once  and  signals  of  alarm  will  be  given. 

"Upon  the  signal  oi  alarm  or  other  notice  of  invas- 
ion, the  companies  composing  and  within  the  limits  of 
Col.  \\  ickham's  regiment  will  immediately  rally  and  re- 
pair to  the  following  points,  viz:  Capt.  Hand's  and 
Capt.  Scoy's  companies  at  Col.  Wickham's,  Capt.  L. 
Post's  company  of  artillery,  Capt.  Jermain's  company  of 
exempts,  and  Capt.  Huntting's  company  of  infantry  at 
the  fort  at  Sag  Harbor.  Capt.  Hedges',  Capt.  Halsey's 
and  Capt.  Rogers'  companies  at  the  regimental  parade  in 
Bridgehampton.  Capt.  S.  Post's  and  Capt.  Stephen's 
companies  at  Major  Foster's,  at  which  respective  places 
they  will  receive  such  orders  as  may  seem  proper.  In 
case  there  are  troops  stationed  at  any  point  invaded, 
the  duty  of  giving  notice  and  alarm  will  devolve  on  the 
commandant  of  the  station. 

"It  is  further  directed  that  every  man  subject  to  do 
military  duty  be  furnished  and  equipped  according  to 
law,  and  will  hold  himself  in  readiness  at  a  moment's 
warning  to  take  the  field " 

Henry  P.  Dering,  as  noted  above,  had  been  placed  in 
charge  of  government  property  at  the  Harbor  subject  to 
the  General's  orders,  and  the  dangers  existing  with 
Hardy's  fleet  cruising  in  the  Bay  are  described  in  the 
following  letter : 

"Port  of  Sag  Harbor 
June  3d  1813. 

Brigadier  Genl.  Rose, 

Sir:  You  have  probably  heard  before  this  reaches 
you,  or  will  on  its  receipt  learn  by  Capt.  Huntting  the 
bearer  that  the  enemy  landed  yesterday  at  Gardiner's  Is- 
land and  took  off  a  number  of  head  of  cattle.  That  a 
number  of  their  ships  now  remain  laying  off  Gardiner's 
Point. 

"In  this  situation  and  near  approach  of  the  enemy 
without  even  a  single  sentinel  to  give  an  alarm  in  this 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  191 

place  Mr.  H.  Gelston  and  myself  and  others  are  decid- 
edly of  the  opinion  that  the  arms  and  munitions  of  war 
deposited  at  this  place  are  not  safe  and  that  it  would 
\)c  proper  to  have  them  immediately  removed  further 
hack  to  some  more  secure  place  that  they  not  be  so  ex- 
posed. 

"I  believe  there  is  scarcely  a  family  in  this  village  but 
what  have  removed  more  or  less  of  their  most  valuable 
effects,  and  I  do  not  think  that  the  public  property 
should  much  longer  remain  here  when  private  property 

is  thought  insecure 

I  am,  Sir,  very  respectfully, 

H.  P.  DERING." 

A  week  later  June  12,  the  General  wrote  to  Mr.  Ber- 
ing that  "we  are  at  present  in  a  very  disagreeable  situa- 
tion, the  enemy  very  plenty  in  our  waters  (eight  ships 
m  number  yesterday ),  have  taken  cattle  and  sheep  from 
Gardiner's  Island,  have  been  on  Montauk  twice  for  wood 
and  water  and  have  taken  ten  cattle  .  .  .  our  militia, 
even  our  most  easterly  regiments  is  scattered  from  twelve 
to  fifty  miles  from  Montauk,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  one 
quarter  of  the  time  necessary  to  get  the  militia  there, 
the  enemy  can  easily  effect  their  purpose  and  be  off  .  .  . 
the  ships  can  at  any  time  cover  their  landing  ....  I 
am,  however,  confident  that  my  duty  is  to  use  every 
means  in  my  power  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  obtaining 
supplies  ...  It  seems  the  British  left  pay  for  what  they 
took,  which  I  consider  a  bad  thing  as  it  has  a  tendency 
to  cool  our  patriotism*      .    .    .    Sag  harbor  is  also  very 

*  The  following  two  letters  from  Capt.  Hardy  cover  this  point: 

— 1— 
"His  Brittanick  Majesty's  Ship  Ramillies,  off 
Gardiner's   Island,   24,  August   1813. 
"Sir — I  have  to  request  you  will  inform  the  inhabitants  of  Oyster 
ponds  that  I  desire  they  will  supply  the  squadron  under  my  com- 
mand with  12  live  oxen  which  I  will  send  for  tomorrow  morn-ng, 
and  I  will  pay  the -regular  price  for  them,  and  I  trust  they  will 
not  oblige  me  to  take  them  by  force. 

"I  have  also  to  beg  you  will  inform  Mr.  Hubbard  of  your  town, 
that  I  have  been  made  acquainted  with  his  opposition  to  my  wishes 
to  consider  the  Oyster  ponds  inhabitants  as  neutral,  and  advise 
him  to  be  more  guarded  in  his  conduct. 

"I  have  the  honor  to  be.  Sir  your  obedient  humMe  servant, 
Joseph  Terry  Esq..  T.  M.  HARDY,  Capt. 

Justice  of  the  Peace,  Oyster  ponds. 


]•)-'  HISTORY    Oh    THE    TOHN    Ut   SOU'TH/iMFTUN 

much  exposed.  Barges  from  the  ships  about  Gardiner's 
Bay  coming  up  in  the  night  might  destroy  the  whole 
port  before  assistance  could  be  had.  The  people  are 
much  agitated   ..." 

To  this,  Air.  Dcring  and  C(jrnelius  Sleight  replied 
that  they  would  order  out  a  hundred  men  as  soon  as 
possible  and  would  distribute  arms  to  them  though  they 
wish  they  might  be  furnished  with  two  hundred  "as 
that  nundicr  in  all  prol)ability  will  not  be  suft'icient  in 
case  of  attack,  or  make  a  successful  resistance  should 
they  approach  us  with  the  numbers  we  are  justihed  to 
expect."*  In  reply  to  this  appeal.  Gen.  Rose  despatched 
a  company  of  artillery  under  Capt.  Post  and  a  company 
of  Infantry  under  Capt.  Hedges  to  take  their  station  at 
the  Harbor. t  anticipating  Gov.  Tompkins'  order  of  the 
29th  to  take  into  the  U.  S.  service  a  company  of  100  men 
for  the  defence  of  Sag  Harbor  or  other  places. J 

A  fort  had  been  erected  on  Turkey  Hill,  and  tradi- 
tion states  that  a  19  pounder  was  mounted  there,  but  in 
reality  the  town  did  lie  very  much  at  the  mercy  of  the 
foe  and  the  alarm  of  its  inhabitants  was  not  unjustified. 
''Many  and  many  a  time",  wrote  an  eye  witness  of  these 
events,  "both  day  and  night  the  alarm  would  be  given 
'the  British  are  coming'.  Then  the  wagons  would  be 
brought  to  take  the  women  and  children  oft'  in  the  oak 
timber,  to  stay  until  the  cannon  balls  fired  from  the  fort 
and  wharf  by  our  brave  soldiers  sent  them  back.  1  shall 
never  forget  that  six  weeks  one  summer  all  the  women 

Ramillies  off  New  London 
IG  January,   1814. 

"Sir — Having-  returned  to  this  anchorag-e  I  take  the  opportunity 
by  a  fla.i^-  of  truce  to  transmit  to  you  thirteen  dollars  and  28  cents 
which  the  purser  of  his  majesty's  ship  under  my  command  is  in- 
debted to  the  persons  from  whom  we  received  bullocks  in  August 
lajt,  as  will  appear  by  the  enclosed  statement,  and  which  I  request 
you  will  be  pleased  to  give  them.  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your 
most  obedient,  humble  servant 

T   M.  HARDY,  Capt. 

Joseph  Terry  Esq.  Chief  Magistrate,  Oyster  Pond." 

*  Letter  of  June  14.  1813.  They  also  suggest  stationing  a  guard 
boat  at  Cedar  Island  to  give  warning. 

t  Letter  of  Gen.  Rose  to  Gov.  Tompkins  dated  Smith  Town,  June 
18.  1813. 

t  Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  332. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfTN  OF  SOUTHAMPTOM  193 

and  children  never  undressed  at  night,  but  lay  down 
with  their  clothes  on,  through  fear  of  the  foreign  foe  on 
the  bay".* 

On  July  II,  1813,  the  much  dreaded  attack  in  force 
finally  took  place,  resulting,  however,  in  the  complete 
discomfiture  of  the  British.  Gen.  Rose's  official  report 
gives,  undoubtedly,  the  most  accurate  description  of 
the  encounter. 

"Bridgehampton,  11  July  1813. 

"Sir — About  2  o'clock  this  morning,  five  barges  from 
the  British  squadron  came  and  made  an  attack  upon  Sag 
Harbor,  took  three  vessels,  set  fire  to  one,  but  met  with 
a  reception  so  warm  and  spirited  from  our  Militia  there 
stationed, t  who  are  entitled  to  much  credit,  as  also  many 
citizens  of  the  place,  that  they  abandoned  their  object 
and  made  a  very  precipitate  retreat.  They  threw  some 
shot  almost  to  the  extreme  part  of  the  place,  but  for- 
tunately no  lives  were  lost  or  injury  donej  except  to  the 
vessels  which  they  had  in  possession,  one  of  which  was 
bored  through  and  through  by  an  i8-lb.  shot  from  the 
Fort.  It  is  probable  the  enemy  must  have  suffered,  as 
they  departed  in  such  confusion  as  to  leave  some  of  their 
arms  and  accoutrements. 

"If  we  had  not  had  men  stationed  there,  the  place 
might  and  probably  would  have  been  destroyed.  We  are 
apprehensive  of  another  attack  with  increased  force. 
Have  ordered  two  more  companies  down  for  the  present. 
Our  militia  were  alarmed  but  could  not  arrive  in  time 
to  be  of  service  .   .    .  "  II 

*  Letter  from  Mrs.  Beaumont,  given  in  Mulford,  Sketch  of  Dr. 
Sage,  p.  77. 

t  Mr.  A.  M.  Cook  stated  that  Col.  David  Haines  was  in  command 
of  the  garrison  at  the  time  of  the  attack.  See  Memorials,  pp.  146 
et  seq. 

X  No  lives  were  lost  in  fighting  on  Long  Island  in  the  War  of 
1812,  and  only  one  prisoner  was  taken — Joshua  Penny.  N.  Y.  and 
Vicinity  during  War  of  1812.    Vol.  1,  p.  293. 

II  A  letter  to  Col.  Wickham,  July  13,  1813,  states  that  "Sunday 
last"  he  directed  that  one  third  of  the  companies  under  Capts. 
Post,  Haines,  Howell  and  Ste.  Hedges  be  immediately  detached  and 
ordered  to  Sag  Harbor.  On  July  12,  Gen.  Izard  wrote  from  New 
York  to  Gen.  Rose  "I  have  reason  to  hope  that  the  marauding  party 
v/hich  attempted  Sag  Harbor  will  be  cut  off  before  they  reach  their 
ships.  At  any  rate,  should  they  renew  the  attack  and  the  stores 
arrive,  as   I   hope   in   time,  the   intrepidity   with   which   they   were 


194  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMITON 

The  attack  feared  did  not  materialize,  however,  and 
the  above  was  apparently  the  only  serious  one  made 
upon  the  port.  Tradition  yields  seemingly  authentic 
stories  of  minute  men  hurrying  to  the  Harbor  and  tak- 
ing part  in  the  tight,  but  the  official  report  distinctly 
states  that  the  battle  took  place  at  2  A.  M.  and  that  no 
minute  men  arrived  in  time  to  be  of  use.  There  may 
have  been  other  l)rushes  with  the  enemy,  but  that  this 
was  the  only  serious  one  is  also  proved  by  a  letter  writ- 
ten to  a  New  York  paper  and  dated  Sag  Harbor,  July 
ID,  1 8 14,  which  says,  "This  day  twelve  month  was  the 
last  time  and  first  that  the  enemy  visited  us.  They  are 
permitted  to  come  ashore  and  get  whatever  they  choose 
within  ten  or  twelve  miles  of  us.  The  officer  and  crews 
of  their  war  vessels  are  daily  feasting  on  the  rich  pro- 
duct of  the  American  soil  and  at  a  liberal  price".* 

The  year,  however,  was  not  without  its  interest  on 
the  waters  of  the  Bay.t  When  the  war  broke  out,  Penny 
Vv'as  running  a  little  coasting  vessel,  which  he  at  once 
sold  and  returned  to  his  home  at  Three  Mile  Harbor  in 
order,  as  he  said  "to  avail  myself  of  the  first  opportunity 
of  doing  mischief  to  those  who  had  so  long  tortured  me". 
Commodore  Decatur  was  blockaded  in  New  London 
harbor,  and  Penny  having  secured  an  interview  with 
him,  arranged  to  pilot  a  force  of  small  boats  over  to  Gar- 
diner's Island  and  capture  some  of  the  British  officers 
there,  which  was  successfully  accomplished  on  the  night 
of  July  26,  1813,  Penny  returning  to  Three  Mile  Harbor 
in  his  own  boat.  From  that  time  on  he  was  engaged  in 
what  was  then  a  novel  form  of  warfare,  and  which,  in 
view  of  the  submarine  question  in  our  present  world  war 
is  not  without  interest. 

lately  received,  is  a  pledp:e  of  what  they  must  expect  from  our 
brave  countrymen  on  Long  Island". 

On  the  same  day  Gov.  Tompkins  M^rote  to  Gen.  Izard:  "The 
County  of  Suffolk  is  imminently  exposed  at  present  &  you  w^ill 
pardon  me  for  urp:ins:  your  attention  to  that  part  of  the  frontier 
under  your  command,  &  for  sug'prestins:  the  propriety  of  calling: 
cut  at  least  an  hundred  additional  men  for  its  defense."  Tompkins 
Papers,  Vol.  III.  p.  334. 

*  Quoted  in  Guenrsey,  Vol.  I,  p.  292. 

t  And  on  waters  further  distant.  Two  of  the  apprentice  boys  on 
Capt.  Paul  Jones'  shin  the  Ranp:er  were  from  Sas:  Harbor,  Jas. 
Ricker  and  Reuben  Ricker.    Buell,  Paul  Jones,  Vol.  II,  p.  340. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  195 

A  citizen  of  Norwich  had  invented  a  submersible,  ap- 
parently of  a  crude  type,  which  could  go  three  miles  an 
hour.  For  some  years  preceding  the  war,  experiments 
had  been  made  with  torpedoes,  and  this  particular  in- 
x'entive  genius  actually  succeeded  in  getting  underneath 
the  flagship  Ramillies  and  nearly  completed  fastening 
one  to  her  hull,  when  his  drill  broke  and  he  was  discov- 
ered.* However,  he  effected  his  escape  and  a  number 
of  other  attempts  were  made  to  blow  up  Hardy's  ship 
with  these  new  weapons.  Penny  enlisted  for  one  of 
these  elTorts  but  on  the  20th  of  August  he  was  surprised 
at  his  house  while  in  bed,  and  taken  prisoner  on  board 
the  Ramillies.  Hardy  had  been  made  so  nervous  by  the 
repeated  attempts  to  blow  him  up,  that  Penny  said 
while  he  was  held  a  prisoner  on  her,  the  Captain  had 
her  bottom  swept  every  two  hours  night  and  day,  to 
keep  off  "the  d — d  Yankee  barnacles". 

Penny  always  claimed  that  he  was  betrayed  into  the 
hands  of  the  British  by  a  certain  man  from  Sag  Har- 
bor, who  owed  him  a  grudge,  and  who  thus  he  said, 
"sold  his  country  for  a  penny".  This  apparently  was 
true,  and  has  contemporary  confirmation  by  Dr.  Sage 
and  others.  Capt.  John  Fowler,  a  prisoner  on  board  the 
Ramillies,  wrote  of  Penny's  capture  and  treatment  as 
follows:  "On  the  21st,  a  sloop  from  Sag  Harbor  came 
to  anchor  a  little  way  from  the  shipping;  the  captain 
came  on  board  and  went  on  shore  with  an  officer  and 
showed  the  said  officer  Mr.  Penny's  house,  and  told  him 
Mr.  Penny  was  coming  off  with  a  torpedo  to  blow  up  the 
ship  the  first  opportunity.  That  night  a  boat's  crew, 
with  the  first  lieutenant  went  on  shore  and  brought  Mr. 
Penny  on  board  with  his  shirt  torn  off  his  back ;  he  was 
put  in  irons  in  a  place  where  he  could  see  no  daylight, 
on  a  small  allow^ance  of  bread  and  water;  he  asked  for  a 
little  salt,  but  it  was  not  allowed  him,  nor  was  he  al- 
lowed a  book  to  read.     The  above  sloop  left  Sag  Harbor 

on  the  20th".  + 

Maj.  Benj.  Case,  commandingf  the  U.  S.  troops  at  the 
Harbor  sent  a  demand  by  Lt.  Hedges,  under  a  flag  of 

*  Guernsey,  V.  I.  p.  282. 
t    Guernsey,  Vol.  I,  p.  282. 


im  HISTOK)    OF   THE    TOH  N   OF  SUUTHAMFTON 

truce,  to  Capt.  Hardy  on  the  23rd  demanding  Penny's 
release  as  a  non  combatant,  to  which  that  officer  very 
properly  replied  that  the  statement  was  contrary  to  fact, 
giving  an  accurate  summary  of  Penny's  activities,  say- 
ing that  he  had  "received  certain  information  that  this 
man  conducted  a  detachment  of  boats,  sent  from  the 
U.  S.  squadron  under  the  command  of  Commodore  De- 
catur, now  lying  in  New  London  from  that  port  to  Gar- 
diner's Island  on  the  26th  of  July  last,  for  the  express 
purpose  of  surprising  and  capturing  the  Captain  of  H. 
B.  M's.  frigate  Orpheus  and  myself,  and  having  failed 
in  that  undertaking  but  making  prisoners  of  some  of- 
ficers and  men  belonging  to  the  Orpheus,  he  went  with 
the  remaining  boats  to  Three  Mile  Harbor.  The  next 
account  I  had  of  him  was  his  being  employed  in  a  boat 
contrived  for  the  purpose,  under  the  command  of 
Thomas  Welling,  prepared  with  a  torpedo  to  destroy 
this  ship,  and  that  he  was  on  her  at  Napeag  Beach  when 
this  ship  and  the  Orpheus  were  in  Fort  Pond  Bay  last 
week.  He  had  also  a  certificate  given  him  on  the  i8th 
of  this  month,  by  some  of  the  respectable  inhabitants  of 
East  Hampton,  recommending  him  to  Commodore  De- 
catur as  a  fit  person  to  be  employed  in  a  particular  ser- 
vice by  him  .  .  .".i  He  adds  other  particulars  to  show 
that  Penny  was  not  a  civilian,  and  enclosed  a  copy  of  his 
letter  to  Joseph  Terry  in  regard  to  the  torpedo  attempts, 
which  he  characterized  as  "a  mode  of  warfare  practised 
by  individuals  from  mercenary  motives  and  more  novel 
than  honorable",  adding,  "I  beg  you  to  warn  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  Towns  along  the  coast  of  Long  Island  that 
wherever  I  hear  this  boat  or  any  other  of  her  descrip- 
tion has  been  allowed  to  remain  after  this  day.  I  will 
order  every  house  near  the  shore  to  be  destroyed". 

Penny  was  sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Halifax,  but  about 
nine  months  later  was  released,  and  returned  home. 
Meanwhile,  efforts  had  been  continued  to  perfect  the  tor- 
pedo craft,  and  Dr.  Sage  thus  describes  one  completed  at 
Penny's  return,  in  a  letter  of  July  24th,  1814.  "It  is  upon 
an  entire  new  construction,  cost  $1500  and  was  projected 

t  Given  in  the  Penny  pamphlet,  in  Guernsey,  and  the  L.  I.  Star 
Sept.  8,  1813. 


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.DlN    FCO'iNDaTIONS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  197 

by  an  ingenious  artist  in  New  York  at  the  expense  of  a 
few  private  gentlemen,  and  is,  I  think  better  calculated 
to  effect  its  object  than  any  hitherto  attempted.  It  is 
a  bomb  proof  thing  and  calculated  to  go  boldly  up  to  a 
74  in  the  daytime  and  blow  her  up.  The  boat  will  con- 
tain about  10  men,  a  small  part  of  which  is  above  water  and 
of  the  thickness  of  4  or  5  feet  of  timber  and  iron  bars, 
she  is  kept  upright  by  a  cast  iron  keel  weight  1500  is 
propelled  by  a  spiral  oar  at  the  rate  they  say  of  4  miles 
an  hour.  The  contrivance  of  keeping  off  boarders  and 
exploding  their  powder  under  the  bottom  of  the  ship 
is  very  ingenious  and  quite  original".* 

"The  first  time  the  attempt  was  made  to  use  the  new 
craft,  however,  a  heavy  storm  came  up  and  drove  her  on 
the  rocks.  The  British  getting  information  of  the  at- 
tempt and  the  disaster,  despatched  two  frigates,  which 
as  soon  as  they  got  within  gunshot  of  the  shore  opened 
a  most  tremendous  fire  upon  the  poor  boat,  and  good 
old  Deacon  Mulford's  house  who  together  with  his  fam- 
ily were  3  or  4  miles  off  at  church.  Under  this  fire  they 
landed  about  100  sailors  and  marines  who  soon  drove 
about  a  dozen  Militiamen  who  had  been  firing  at  them 
into  the  woods,  and  then  went  to  the  deacon's  house 
which  stood  near  the  beach  and  was  badly  battered  with 
their  cannon  balls,  and  after  robbing  it  of  2  or  300 
dollars  in  clothing,  breaking  the  clock  and  looking 
glasses,  destroying  the  furniture,  doors  and  windows, 
proceeded  to  make  war  upon  his  sheep,  poultry  and  pigs, 
of  the  former  they  carried  off  about  30  and  many  of  the 
latter.  They  then  went  on  board  and  returned  to  their 
anchorage.    Thus  ended  the  Torpedo  war".t 

Dr.  Sage  added  that  "poor  Penny  is  quite  inconsol- 
able for  the  death  of  his  poor  torpedo,  but  they  have 
]:romised  him  another".  He  went  to  live  in  Sag  Harbor, 
but  as  far  as  I  know  there  was  no  further  effort  to  mo- 
lest the  Ramillies,  and  the  torpedo  war  was  indeed  over. 
Nor  is  there  anything  more  of  interest  to  record  in  re- 
gard to  operations  during  the  remainder  of  hostilities. 
On  Jan.  8,  1814,  we  find  the  Adjutant  General  hasten- 

*  Mulford,  Sketch,  p.  69. 

t   Letter  of  Dr.  Sage  in  Mulford,  Sketch,  p.  69. 


198  HISTORY  OF  THE  TUH'N  UF  SUUTHAMPTON 

ing  reinforcements  "in  consequence  of  the  imminent 
clanger  of  the  Invasion  of  Sagg  Harbourf  and  an  old 
diary  of  a  Bridgehampton  resident,  under  date  of  June 
26  indicates  renewed  fighting,t  but  the  real  sufferings  of 
the  war  were  now  those  entailed  by  the  destruction  of 
commerce  and  the  closing  of  the  seas  to  a  port  which 
lived  only  by  its  shipping.  Before  the  end  of  the  war,  of 
the  twenty  or  twenty-five  vessels  which  sailed  regularly 
from  Sag  Harbor  in  the  coasting  trade,  but  three  or  four 
remained.  Others  had  been  burned,  captured  and  taken 
to  Halifax  as  prizes,  or  else  so  frequently  ransomed  that 
the  owners  had  no  money  left  with  which  to  employ 
them  and  they  were  rotting  in  the  creeks.  The  people, 
except  a  few,  had  not  been  rich  before  the  war,  and  all 
had  gained  their  livelihood  in  more  or  less  dependence 
upon  the  shipping  trade  of  the  little  port.  Many  of  the 
young  men  left  the  place  in  seach  of  a  living  elsewhere, 
and  the  circumstances  of  those  who  remained  were  poor 
and  wreched  until  Christmas  Day  of  1814  brought  them 
as  a  gift  the  peace  declared  the  preceding  day,  ending, 
let  us  hope  for  all  time  strife  between  the  two  great  sec- 
tions of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  today,  more  than  a  cen- 
tury later,  again  engaged  in  war,  but  as  Allies  in  a  com- 
mon cause. 

t  Tompkins  Papers,  Vol.  I,  p.  474.  The  following  letter  is  also 
of  local  interest  in  this  connection. 

Easthampton,  May  2,  1814. 

Sir:  I  herewith  send  you  the  names  of  the  men  detached  from 
the  rej^iment  under  my  command  for  the  defence  of  Sap:  Harbor.  I 
should  have  sent  you  before  but  I  did  not  receive  the  returns  from 
the  companies  until  I  applied  to  Capt.  Hains  yesterday. 

ISAAC  WI(3KHAM,  Lt.  Col. 
Henry  Topping,  Serj.  Josiah  Goodale,  Jr. 

Jonathan  Cood,  do  John  I.  Foster 

Job  Hedges,  Corp.  Francis  Sayer 

William  Corwith  fr.  Christopher  Jagger 

Charles  Lester  priv.  George  Ranor 

Charles  Topping  Isaac  Sayre 

Luther  Sayre  Peleg  Roggers 

Peter  Payn  John  Fordham 

Henrv  Parker  Miller  King 

Judah  Smith  Stenhen  Conklin 

Stephen  Jagger  Nathaniel  Miller 

Phineas  M.  Cooper  Eleazer  Miller 

Daniel  Jennings  Jovprniah  Talmage 

John  Fanning,  jr.  John  Gann,  Jr. 

John  Dayton 

X  Memorials,  p.  146.  ' 


1 


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PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


A-^TOR.   LENOX 
!LDi:N    fCCNDATlONSj 


Cd 


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tr; 
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a. 


CHAPTER  X 
EARLY  NINETEENTH  CENTURY 

After  the  close  of  the  war  narrated  in  the  last 
chapter,  peace  settled  upon  the  villages  of  the  East  End, 
and  the  people  resumed  their  simple,  frugal  life  to  be 
unbroken  by  the  alarms  of  battle  for  nearly  fifty  years, 
the  Mexican  War  passing,  apparently  unnoticed. 

That  life,  although  no  longer  subject  to  all  the  hard- 
ships and  dangers  of  the  early  frontier,  was  still  very 
simple  and  primitive  when  judged  by  even  the  local 
Southampton  standards  of  today.  "Nothing,"  wrote 
Judge  Hedges  *  of  his  childhood,  "was  bought  that 
could  be  made  at  home.  The  spinning  wheel  was  con- 
stantly running  and  carried  in  visits  to  neighbors.  .  '. 
Winter,  cold,  cheerless,  shivering  winter  tried  soul 
and  body.  I  remember  the  one  fire  on  the  hearth  of  a 
cold,  dark  morning,  so  cold  that  a  blanket  hung  from 
the  hooks  in  the  wall,  encircled  the  family  and  fire  as  an 
additional  protection  from  the  cold.  .  .  .  The  sim- 
plest, cheapest  diet  satisfied  the  appetite.  .  .  .  The 
family  meal  was  eaten  from  wooden  trenchers  or  pewter 
plates  and  platters  with  the  smallest  possible  allowance 

*  Judge  Hedges,  whose  valuable  writings  on  East  End  history 
are  well  known,  was  born  at  Wainscott,  Oct.  13,  1817;  moved  to 
East  Hampton  1831;  attended  Clinton  Academy;  grad.  Yale  1838; 
attended  Yale  Law  School  1839;  lived  Sag  Harbor  1843-54,  when 
moved  to  Bridge  Hampton;  died  Sept.  26,  1911;  was  Member 
State  Assembly  1852;  Dist.  Atty.  Suffolk  County  1861-4;  County 
Judge  and  Surrogate  1865-70  and  1873-80.  He  was  historical  ora- 
tor at  the  200th  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  East  Hampton  and 
also  at  the  250th. 


200  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOfVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

of  tin  and  crockery  ware.  .  .  .  The  old  sat,  the 
young  stood,  around  the  breakfast  table.  A  dish  of  meat 
cut  in  pieces  ready  for  eating  was  in  the  middle  of  the 
table.  All  hands  liroke  the  johnny  cake  in  small  pieces 
and  with  the  fork  dipped  it  in  the  gravy  held  in  the  meat 
dish,  and  occasionally  speared  out  a  piece  of  meat  in  the 
same  way.  It  was  a  cold,  frugal,  hard,  narrow,  severe 
winter  life."  * 

Caps,  hats,  shoes,  clothes,  linen,  wool,  candles,  in 
fact  almost  the  entire  range  of  personal  and  household 
goods  were  produced  in  the  villages  themselves,  if  not, 
indeed,  in  the  individual  homes  within  them,  much  as 
described  in  the  earlier  days.  As  to  the  candles,  it  was 
only  later,  though  when  they  were  still  made  at  home 
that  they  were  even  moulded,  and  many  of  the  older  resi- 
dents here  are  still  familiar  with  the  method  of  "dip- 
ping."  t 

Flax  wheels,  wool  reels  and  other  such  instruments 
were  part  of  every  girl's  outfit  when  married,  and  in  the 
schools  of  that  day  not  only  did  the  girls  embroider 
samplers,  but  the  very  cotton  or  linen  on  which  they 
sewed  was  also  woven  by  them. 

Clothes  seem  frequently  to  have  been  made  outside 
of  the  home,  beginning  about  this  period,  but  only  of 
materials  supplied  by  the  customer.  In  1791,  for  ex- 
ample, Silas  Raymond,  tailor,  advertised  that  he  was 
carrying  on  his  business  next  door  to  the  printing  office 
in  Sag  Harbor,  and  charged  as  follows:    For  a  "full  suit. 

*  Hedges,  Hist,  of  East  Hampton,  p.  19. 

t  Mr.  Stephen  Hedg^es  of  Sagaponack,  gives  me  the  following 
description  of  the  process:  "When  a  boy  I  often  assisted  my  mother 
at  that  business  and  will  describe  the  process  as  follows:  Every 
family  was  supposed  to  have  a  sett  of  candle  rods  which  consisted  of 
say  24  oak  rods  %xl4  inches;  upon  these  rods  wick  yarn  cut  twice 
the  length  of  a  candle  was  doubled  over  and  then  twisted  with  the 
fingers,  four  on  each  rod.  Then  two  straight  poles  were  placed 
about  eight  inches  apart  on  chair  seat  at  either  end,  then  the  tallow 
was  melted  in  an  iron  kettle,  say  14  inches  deep,  and  the  work  of 
dipping  began.  Two  sticks  were  taken  in  the  hand  at  once  and  the 
wick  of  yarn  was  immersed  in  the  melted  tallow,  then  hung  upon 
the  wooden  rack  to  cool.  After  two  or  three  dips  the  wicks  were 
again  twisted  by  the  fingers  and  the  dipping  was  resumed  until  the 
candles  assumed  the  proper  proportions.  As  the  tallow  became 
lowered  in  the  kettles  warm  water  was  added  to  keep  the  tallow  at 
its  proper  height  so  that  the  candles  would  be  entirely  immersed." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  201 

coat,  vest  and  breeches  in  the  newest  fashion"  18  shill- 
ings; "for  a  common  plain  ditto"  16  shiHings;  for  a 
great  coat,  8  shillings;  for  a  "sea  coat,"  4  shillings  6 
pence,  and  so  on.  *  As  if  these  prices  were  not  moderate 
enough,  White  &  Hedges,  of  Bridgehampton,  in  1818, 
after  advertising  their  "Clothier's  establishment"  and 
suggesting  that  "those  who  wish  an  early  turn  would  do 
well  to  forward  their  cloth  soon  or  leave  it  at  the  usual 
places,"  add  that  "most  kinds  of  produce  will  be  taken  in 
payment."  f 

Although  some  had  clocks  yet  there  was  an  hour 
glass  in  every  house,  and  in  many  there  was  a  "sun 
mark"  on  some  window  sill  to  mark  noon.  Cooking 
was  still  done  over  the  open  hearth  fire,  and  baking  in  a 
brick  oven  built  into  the  side  of  the  chimney.  Agricul- 
ture was  as  yet  carried  on  by  the  old  methods  and  with 
little  use  of  fertilizer  or  care  for  the  land  except  the  few 
acres  near  home.  The  sheep  of  the  villagers  were 
looked  after  by  a  jointly  appointed  shepherd,  and  grazed 
along  the  highways.  On  Saturday  nights  he  would  go 
home  until  Monday,  and  for  the  sake  of  the  fertilizer, 
people  would  bid  against  each  other  for  the  privilege  of 
caring  for  the  flock  over  Sunday,  which  custom  lasted 
well  into  the  nineteenth  century.  Every  pond,  even 
though  on  private  property,  had  a  fence  down  to  it  from 
the  highway  so  that  the  cattle  or  stock  pastured  there 
could  get  down  to  drink.  % 

At  the  close  of  the  18th  and  beginning  of  the  19th 
century,  much  of  the  labor  was  still  done  by  slaves  and 
there  were  many  yet  held  in  the  Town,  though  manu- 
mission was  becoming  frequent.  From  scattered  Long 
Island  advertisements  we  learn  that  they  sometimes 
wore  iron  collars  with  their  master's  name  on  them, 
(1784),  and  were  also  branded  on  arms,  breasts  or  other 
parts  of  the  body,  (1771  and  1780).  "Scotch  bonnets" 
seem  to  have  been  a  favorite  headgear  with  them,  as  in 

*  Frothing^ham's  Long  Island  Herald,  June  7,  1791. 

t  American  Eagrle,  Nov.  14,  1818. 

%  The  year  1762  must  have  been  a  terrible  one  for  farmers 
for  no  rain  fell  on  Long  Island  or  in  New  York  City,  from  early 
in  May  until  November.  This  is  recorded  as  the  most  remarkable 
drought  known  in  this  country.     Furman,  Antiquities,  p.  91. 


202  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

an  advertisement  of  1767,  which  after  offering  $10  re- 
ward, recites  that  there  "ran  away  from  Robert  Pike- 
man,  Long  Island,  a  stout,  well-made  negro.  James,  who 
speaks  very  much  after  the  New  l^ngland  manner.  He 
had  on  a  Scots  bonnet,  blue  jacket  and  has  often  tried  to 
go  to  sea."  His  costume,  at  least,  seems  to  have  been 
well  adapted  for  swimming.  In  1791,  Lemuel  Peirson  of 
Southampton,  advertised  for  a  negro  man,  who  "had  on 
when  he  went  away  a  snuff-colored  great  coat,  white 
plush  breeches,  blue  yarn  stockings;  one  leg  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  other;  about  4^  feet  high,  Africa 
born,  spoke  very  broken."  It  was  also  stated  that  this 
youthful  runaway  was  between  90  and  100  years  old.  * 

Not  only  were  the  clothes  of  that  day  homespun 
and  simple  but  so  also  were  the  pleasifres  and  diversions. 
Travel,  except  upon  business  or  urgent  necessity,  was 
indulged  in  by  l)ul  few  and  very  little  came  in  from  the 
outside  world  to  afford  amusement  or  entertainment. 
Today  there  is  hardly  a  hamlet  in  the  land  so  small  or 
remote  but  what,  within  reasonable  distance,  there  is  a 
motion  picture  theatre  to  yield  inexpensive  diversion. 
Railroads,  automobiles,  phonographs,  daily  papers, 
cheap  magazines,  all  give  opportunity  of  moving  about, 
of  hearing  and  seeing  new  things  on  the  part  of  even  the 
poorest  people  that  were  utterly  beyond  the  power  of 
the  rich  to  purchase  a  century  ago.  The  result  may 
seem  somewhat  depressing  at  times  to  those  who  wish 
to  believe  hopefulK-  in  democracy,  but  that  the  mental 
life  of  the  people  today  is  far  more  active  than  a  hundred 
years  back  cannot  be  doubted,  I  think,  nor  is  our  public 
life  upon  a  lower  plane. 

Occasionally  some  travelling  troupe  of  one  sort 
or  another  did  reach  even  the  remote  East  End  villages, 
and  in  1798  in  Sag  Harbor,  Messrs.  "Moulthrop  and 
Street  respectfully  inform  the  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  of 

*  Frothinpham's  L.  I.  Herald,  June  7,  1791.  Another  ad- 
verti.sement  of  a  Southampton  runaway  is  dated  1773  (N.  Y. 
Gazette),  "$10  Reward.  Ran  away  from  John  Foster,  Southampton, 
in  February,  a  negrro  man,  Cush,  this  country  born,  a  very  plausible 
fellow  and  probably  has  forg:ed  a.  pass.  He  wore  a  red  blaize  shirt, 
blue  milled  cap  and  blue  outside  jacket.  He  stole  several  articles 
of  European  goods  and  money  from  his  master." 


Methodist  Church,  Bridgehampton 


TT.E  riEW  YORK 
••;:.^:  LIBRARY 

1  ASTOR.   LENOX 

t  iiLDi-N  ^c;:r-D. -n^^NSj 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  203 

this  town  and  its  vicinity,  that  their  New  Exhibition  of 
Wax  Figures  will  be  opened  this  day,  at  the  House  of 
Capt.  Daniel  Fordhani.  This  Exhibition  consists  of 
twenty  figures  as  large  as  life,  among  which  are  the 
following  characters : 

"1st.    John  Adams,  President  of  the  United  States. 

"2nd.  David  going  forth  against  Goliath  with  a 
sling  and  a  stone.  The  figure  of  the  Giant  is  truly  ma- 
jestic with  his  Coat  of  Mail  and  Implements  of  war. 
This  is  allowed  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  curiosities  ever 
represented  in  Wax. 

"3d.  A  striking  emblem  of  Virtue  and  Vice,  in 
which  Virtue  is  represented  by  a  Seraphim,  with  two 
beautiful  Children  looking  upward  in  pleasing  Devotion, 
and  Vice  by  a  Card  Party  affrighted  by  a  Demon. 

"4th.     Maternal  Devotion. 

"5th.      Connecticut  Beauty. 

"6th.  Tom  Thumb,  Esq.,  or  the  New  England 
Dwarf,  taken  from  the  life. 

"7th.    The  Rustic  Courtship. 

"8th.     Mungo  disciplined  by  his  Master. 

"9th.  A  Bloody  Contest  between  two  Indian 
Chiefs. 

"10th.    Cuffee  in  High  Life." 

One  cannot  but  wonder  whether  the  young  Ford- 
hams,  when  they  went  to  bed  that  night,  had  dreams  of 
the  "bloody  contest  between  two  Indian  Chiefs"  being 
so  strangely  enacted  in  their  home  downstairs,  while 
one's  mind  lingers  in  pleasant  speculation  over  the  po- 
tential charms  of  the  Connecticut  Beauty  and  the  glories 
of  Goliath.  One  cannot  also  but  shrewdly  suspect  that 
the  extra  consumption  of  wax  entailed  in  the  making  of 
a  giant  may,  on  strict  business  principles,  have  ac- 
counted for  the  presence  of  the  offsetting  dwarf.  * 

The  great  day  in  all  the  villages  was,  of  course,  the 
Fourth  of  July,  characterized  by  the  unlimited  flowing 
of  oratory  and  other  matters.  In  Sag  Harbor,  early  in 
the  century,  on  the  preceding  afternoon,  the  big  cannon 

*  L.  I.  Herald,  June  4,  1798.  In  the  thirties  (burned  Aug.  11, 
1838)  there  was  a  hall  and  nuiseum  in  Sag  Harbor  about  where 
Lyon  &  Sherwood's  flore  now  btands. 


204  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

would  be  taken  out  of  the  Arsenal  and  drawn  to  the  top 
of  Sleight's  Hill  by  a  crowd  of  men  and  boys,  and  the 
sunset  gun  fired  from  it.  At  midnight  the  bell  in  the  old 
school  house  of  1788  was  rung,  and  at  dawn  thirteen 
shots  were  fired  from  the  cannon.  At  ten  o'clock,  a  pro- 
cession would  start  from  Fordham's  Tavern  headed  by 
the  clergy  followed  by  the  orator  of  the  day,  the  Com- 
mittee of  Arrangements,  f  militia  and  citizens.  In  the 
Presbyterian  Church  a  large  pine  tree,  garlanded  with 
flowers  and  called  the  liberty  tree,*  would  be  placed  on 
the  platform,  and  the  church  otherwise  decorated.  The 
exercises  usually  consisted  in  singing  an  ode,  prayers, 
reading  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Oration 
and  the  singing  of  another  closing  ode.  Then  came  the 
public  dinner  at  the  tave-n  and  after  that  the  drinking 
of  innumerable  toasts,  each  of  which  was  announced  to 
the  community  at  large  by  the  firing  of  the  cannon  on 
Sleight's  Hill  and  a  smaller  brass  one  on  Turkey  Hill.  % 
The  list  of  toasts  in  1812  probably  gives  a  fair  sample  of 
this  part  of  the  day's  entertainment.  There  were  eight- 
een official  toasts  proposed  and  drunk,  followed  by  sev- 
eral "volunteer"  ones.  They  began  with  "the  day  we 
celebrate — may  the  declaration  of  the  4th  of  July,  '76, 
continue  in  force  till  time  is  no  more  and  the  execrations 
of  all  freemen  fall  on  the  heads  of  those  who  wish  to  de- 
stroy it,"  followed  by  "the  memory  of  the  immortal 
Washington,"  Thomas  Jefferson,  James  Madison,  Gov. 
Tompkins,  Ebenezer  Sage,  the  Army,  "our  little  Navy," 
the  Constitution,  "Montgomery,  Warren,  Mercer, 
Green,  Gates,  Wayne  and  the  host  of  martyrs  and  he- 
roes," etc.,  "prosperity  to  the  interests  of  science,  agri- 
culture, manufactures  and  commerce,"  American  liberty, 
members  of  both  houses  of  Congress,  the  memory  of  the 
heroes  who  fell  on  the  banks  of  the  Wabash,   (heroes 

t  This  committee  was  made  up  of  the  leading  men  in  each 
community,  that  of  1801  in  Sag  Harbor,  for  example,  consisting  of 
John  Jermain,  Benj.  Huntting,  Thos.  P.  Ripley,  Silas  Howell,  Jesse 
Hedges,  H.  P.  Bering,  Sam'l  H.  Rose,  Abm.  Miller  and  Jona.  Dayton. 

*  The  L.  I.  Star  of  Jan.  9,  1799,  has  the  item  that  a  liberty 
tree  was  planted  at  Bridgehampton  followed  by  the  drinking  of 
"spirited  toasts."  The  toast  of  that  day  could  always  be  counted 
upon  to  be  "spirited." 

X  Recollections  of  an  old  Inhabitant,  Miss  M.  E.  Stanton,  Sag 
Harbor  Hist.  Soc.  Paper,  Dec,  1899. 


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THE  I^!E\^  "I'O^K 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

A'iTOR,   LEKOX 


HISTORY  UF  THE  TUH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  205 

were,  perhaps,  falling  by  this  time  at  Fordham's!),  the 
Volunteers,  and  the  fair  daughters  of  Columbia,  t  The 
fact  that  the  last  alone  elicited  no  cheers  was,  we  must 
chivalrously  hope,  due  solely  to  exhaustion. 

The  celebrations  in  the  other  villages  were  much 
the  same  in  character,  those  in  Bridgehampton  having  a 
special  interest  from  the  story  of  the  old  cannon  used 
there.  During  the  War  of  1812,  one  of  the  British  ships 
actively  employed  in  the  Sound  was  the  sloop-of-war 
Sylph,  22  guns,  Capt.  Dickens,  with  a  crew  of  121  men 
and  12  officers.  A  fortnight  after  peace  was  declared, 
while  cruising  off  the  south  shore,  she  lost  her  bearings 
in  a  snow  storm  on  the  night  of  Jan.  16-17,  1815,  and 
went  ashore  off  Shinnecock  Point.  Early  in  the  morn- 
ing of  the  17th,  Nathan  White  of  Wickapogue discovered 
her,  gave  the  alarm  and  soon  the  volunteer  rescuers 
were  gathered  on  the  beach.  It  was  still  snowing  fur- 
iously, the  wind  blowing  a  gale,  while  the  surf  was  high 
and  the  temperature  bitterly  low.  It  seemed  impossible 
to  get  a  boat  through  the  breakers,  but  by  afternoon  it 
was  evident  that  the  sloop  was  fast  going  to  pieces. 
Finally  a  life  boat  was  manned  and  succeeded  in  reach- 
ing the  vessel  which  had  capsized,  and  which  then  had 
(Mily  one  officer  and  five  men  still  clinging  to  her,  the  rest 
having  all  perished.  *  The  son  of  one  of  the  witnesses 
to  the  tragedy  said  that  his  father  used  to  tell  of  how  he 
saw  a  spar  with  men  lashed  to  it,  coming  ashore  through 
the  breakers  with  twelve  pairs  of  frozen  legs  sticking  up 
in  the  air.  f 

%  L.  I.  Star,  July,  1812. 

*  A  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  English  Admiralty  to  the 
Suffolk  County  Hist.  Soc.  stated  that  out  of  a  crew  of  121  at  least 
115  were  lost,  including  Capt.  Dickens.  A  contemporary  diary 
says  there  were  117  men  on  board  and  111  lost.  A.  M.  Cook  in  Ex- 
press, Feb.  29,  1912.  Mr.  Edward  H.  Foster  tells  me  that  his  grand- 
father, James  Foster,  was  a  witness  of  the  tragedy  and  related  that 
about  21  of  the  bodies  floated  ashore  about  opposite  Sugar  Loaf, 
and  were  buried  in  the  cliffs  in  the  vicinity  of  that  hill. 

t  Of  the  men  who  made  the  rescue,  the  names  of  only  two 
have  come  down  to  us,  Sylvanus'R'aynor  and  Ephraim  White.  Mr. 
Wm.  Barclay  Parsons  of  New  York  is  a  grandson  of  the  only 
English  officer  saved  that  day.  The  wreck  is  commemorated  by  a 
tablet  in  St.  Andrews'  Dune  Church,  Southampton,  the  border  of 
the  tablet  and  the  wheel  above  it  being  made  of  the  red  cedar  of  the 


206  HISTORY   Ut    THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

Stephen  Sayrc  of  Bridgehanipton  succeeded  in  get- 
ting one  of  the  ship's  guns  and  took  it  to  that  village, 
where  its  home  for  many  years  was  on  the  Triangular 
Common.  It  was  this  gun  which  was  always  used  on 
the  Fourth  of  July,  as  well  as  often  being  taken  about  to 
serenade  newly  married  couples  in  their  homes.  It  has 
several  times  been  spiked  l)y  peo})le  who  had  been  an- 
noyed by  its  activities  and  once,  on  a  visit  to  Southamp- 
ton, it  was  partly  blown  up,  but  in  spite  of  all  vicissi- 
tudes, the  old  gun  is  still  in  existence  and  use,  having 
remained  the  plaything  of  the  village  for  more  than  a 
century. + 

Wrecks  have  always  been  frequent  on  the  south 
shore  but  until  after  the  middle  of  the  century  there  was 
no  organized  life-saving  service,  all  rescues  being  made 
by  volunteer  crews,  f 

"Every  garret,"  wrote  Mrs.  White,  *  speaking  of 
Southampton  in  her  childhood  and  earlier,  "held  its  spy 
glass  on  a  way-high  handy  beam,  and  every  scuttle 
was  a  look-out  frequently  visited.     If  anything  unusual 

vessel.  Many  fence  posts  in  the  village  were  also  made  from  the 
same  wood  as  was  the  horse  block  at  Mrs.  Henry  Herrick's.  A  book 
with  Capt.  Dickens  name  in  it  was  also  preserved  and  his  old 
leather  trunk  with  a  brass  plate  on  top  inscribed  "Capt.  Heni-y 
Dickens,  34th  Regiment"  is  in  the  home  of  Mrs.  Hubert  White. 

X  At  one  time  Mr.  Esterbrook  owned  it  and  had  it  mounted  on 
wheels  on  his  lawn;  then  Mr.  Worth  had  it  on  his.  For  a  longer 
account  of  its  local  story  see  Memorials,  pp.  236-40. 

t  About  the  middle  of  the  century  the  Humane  Society  erected 
a  house  (later  moved  to  Peter's  Pond)  opposite  the  present  station 
at  Bridgehampton,  but  the  keeper  alone  received  a  salary.  The  ser- 
vice was  taken  over  by  the  Federal  Govt,  in  1872.  At  that  time  the 
keeper  was  Samuel  Hildreth,  since  when  the  Captains  have  been 
Baldwin  Cook,  1872-86;  John  N.  Hedges,  Apr.  1,  188G-Mar.  1,  1915; 
E.  F.  Stephens,  Mar.  1-15,  1915,  (retired);  Edward  Arnold,  Mar.  1, 
1915,  to  date.  In  Southampton  Chas.  White  was  in  charge  of  an 
earlier  station  and  was  Capt.  in  the  Federal  service  1873-78; 
Nelson  Burnett.  1878-1915;  J.  H.  Topping  acting  keeper  5  months 
in  1915;  Wm.  S.  Bennett  acting  keeper  till  July  1,  1916,  and  Capt. 
from  that  date.  In  Jan.,  1915,  the  service  was  changed  to  the 
Coast  Guard,  forming  part  of  the  Revenue  cutter  service  instead  of 
the  Civil.  Requirements  for  enlisting  are,  age  18-45,  ability  to 
read  and  write,  and  expertness  in  swimming.  Men  over  64,  or 
after  30  years  in  the  service,  receive  a  pension  of  %  of  their  salary 
at  the  time  of  their  retirement.  Chas  H.  Church  of  the  Mecox  Sta- 
tion lost  his  life  Dec,  1903,  when  crossing  the  seapoose  while  on 
patrol. 

*  Mrs.  E.  P.  W^hite,  paper  read  before  the  Colonial  Society  of 
Southampton,  1914. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  207 

was  sighted  along  shore — a  ship  in  peril  or  a  whale — the 
family  horn  was  blown,  which  signal  the  next  neighbor 
passed  on.  In  this  way  a  rally  was  raised  and  the  beach 
soon  peopled  with  volunteers  ready  for  any  emergency. 
Well  we  remember  the  old  pewter  horn,  which,  with  his 
gun,  hung  high  in  Grandfather's  kitchen,  too  high  in- 
deed for  the  meddling  of  small  intruders.  We  remem- 
ber, too,  as  a  great  favor  being  allowed  to  have  a  try  at 
blowing  it,  but  as  the  horn  was  four  feet  long  and  its 
blow  the  equal  of  its  size,  it  required  more  knack  than 
our  youthful  propensities  in  that  line  could  muster.  At 
the  sound  of  the  rally,  every  man  left  his  plow  or  his 
trowel,  his  shop  or  his  sermon,  as  we  do  today  at  the 
sound  of  the  fire  siren,  and  made  for  the  beach." 

Among  other  wrecks  of  the  first  half  of  the  century 
may  be  mentioned  an  unnamed  vessel,  which  has  come 
down  in  tradition  as  the  "Gunpowder  Ship,"  and  which 
came  ashore  the  year  after  the  Sylph,  taking  fire  off 
Southampton  beach.  She  had  on  board  900  kegs  of  gun- 
powder belonging  to  the  Government,  and  just  as  the 
small  boat  reached  the  shore,  the  ship  blew  up  with  a 
terrific  explosion  which  carried  the  main  chain  over  onto 
Halsey's  Neck.  The  cargo  also  consisted  of  woolens, 
which  were  washed  up  along  the  beach  and  shopping 
for  underwear  and  mittens  that  winter  was  much  simpli- 
fied. In  1820  the  Helen,  bound  from  France  to  New 
York,  was  wrecked,  the  crew  being  saved  but  all  of  the 
officers  and  passengers  lost,  f  To  this  period  also  be- 
long the  Lucy  Ellen,  lost  at  Quogue  in  1830,  the  Susan, 
an  Irish  emigrant  ship,  all  lives  being  saved,  and  the 
Louis  Phillippe,  (1842)  a  French  ship  from  Bordeaux, 
which  went  on  the  beach  at  Mecox.  Although  no  lives 
were  lost  and  the  vessel  was  eventually  saved  by  the 
wreckers,  it  is  of  special  interest  on  account  of  the  me- 
morials it  has  left  scattered  over  our  whole  country-side. 
Part  of  her  cargo  consisted  of  French  trees  and  shrubs 
of  many  varieties,  and  these,  being  on  top,  were  thrown 
overboard  first  when  it  became  necessary  to  lighten  the 

t  In  the  North  End  Burying  Ground  is  a  stone  inscribed, 
"Sacred  to  the  Memory  of  Major  Robert  Sterry,  who  was  ship- 
wrecked and  lost  with  the  ship  Helen,  Jan.  17,  1820,  aged  37  years." 


208  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOlf'N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

ship.  After  drifting  ashore,  they  were  planted  by  the 
people  and  many  a  garden  in  the  villages  round  about 
still  has  Louis  Phillippe  roses,  laburnums,  chestnuts, 
beeches  and  pear  trees. 

In  1847  the  ICnglish  ship  Ashland,  with  several  hun- 
dred on  board  came  ashore  ol¥  Flying  Point,  and  in  1855 
the  Robert,  from  London,  ofT  Wickapogue.  The  latter 
had  1,000  casks  of  Madeira  wine,  which  were  all  saved 
and  sent  to  Sag  Harbor  for  reshipment,  with  a  loss  of 
onlv  400  casks  in  the  six  mile  haul. 

On  Dec.  3.  1859,  the  schooner  Susan  was  wrecked 
at  Quogue,  proving  a  total  loss,  and  the  following  day  in 
a  terrible  storm,  the  Solicitor,  of  Hull,  was  wrecked  ofT 
Old  Town.  She  was  bound  for  New  York  from  the 
Island  of  Cephalonia  and  was  wholly  loaded  with  Zante 
currants  (1,605  barrels),  which  strewed  the  beach  and 
subsequent  puddings.  The  crew,  who  were  saved  by 
volunteers  from  shore,  grumbled  because  they  got  their 
clothes  wet,  which  merely  called  forth  the  remark  from 
one  of  the  daring  life-savers  that  he  'hoped  the  next  time 
they  were  wrecked  it  would  be  in  a  dry  time.'  * 

The  most  mvsterious  of  all  wrecks,  however,  was 
that  known  as  the  "Money  Ship,"  the  best  traditional 
account  of  which  is  the  following,  taken  from  a  manu- 
script record  made  by  the  late  Hon.  James  H.  Pierson, 
loaned  me  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Halsey : 

"One  day  late  in  the  autumn  of  1816,  a  strange  craft 
was  observed  of¥  Southampton.  She  w^as  quite  unlike  in 
build  and  rig  the  many  vessels  that  passed  almost  daily 
along  the  coast.  There  had  been  a  hard  storm,  in  which 
it  was  evident  the  vessel  had  fared  badly.  The  next  day 
she  was  in  a  new  position  and  it  was  plain  to  those 
watching  froni  the  shore  that  she  was  adrift  and  prob- 

'  *  To  this  same  period  belong  also  the  "Sugar  Ship,"  which 
was  saved;  the  "Lumber  Ship,"  which  sank  with  a  cargo  of  green 
wood;  the  Hattie  C.  White,  sunk  with  a  cargo  of  flagstones;  the 
Emily  B.  Souder  (1868)  with  fruit  from  the  Mediterranean.  She 
broke  up  on  Southampton  bench  and  her  mast  was  raised  as  a  flag 
pole.  In  the  early  .sixties  the  Mo.sopotami,  loaded  with  peanuts,  lost 
her  cargo  which  filled  Southampton  attics.  June  16,  1870,  schooner 
Mary  Rich  came  ashore  at  Southampton;  Dec.  6,  1871,  brig  Wm. 
Creevy  was  a  total  loss.  Later  wrecks  will  be  given  in  a  later 
chapter. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  '  209 

ably  abandoned.  It  was  decided  that  if  the  surf  went 
down  by  the  next  morning  and  the  vessel  was  still  in 
sight,  to  go  off  to  her,  but  when  morning  came  the  ves- 
sel was  ashore  off  Shinnecock  Bay,  about  two  miles  west 
of  the  village  of  Southampton.  Those  who  first  reached 
her  found  a  deserted  ship,  without  name  or  cargo, 
with  sails  half  furled,  and  cabin  furniture,  articles  of 
clothing  and  food  scattered  about  as  if  she  had  been 
abandoned  in  great  haste.  No  records  or  papers  could 
be  found  which  might  have  given  some  clue  as  to  the 
port  from  which  she  sailed  or  her  destination. 

"The  Wrecking  Master  for  the  district  took  charge 
of  the  vessel,  stripped  her  of  sails,  rigging  and  whatever 
could  be  removed,  which  was  all  carted  to  the  village 
and  deposited  in  the  then  Tavern  lot  on  Main  street, 
(now  the  property  of  Mr.  Samuel  L.  Parrish),  and  was 
duly  advertised  and  sold.  On  the  day  of  the  sale,  a  by- 
stander found  wedged  tightly  in  a  dead-eye  a  Spanish 
dollar.  It  passed  from  hand  to  hand,  and  other  dead- 
eyes,  in  fact  the  whole  wreckage,  was  scrutinized  with 
care,  but  no  more  dollars  found,  and  many  jests  were 
made  at  the  expense  of  the  lucky  finder  and  of  the  un- 
known sailor  who  was  supposed  to  have  chosen  this 
strange  hiding  place  for  his  money.  The  following  day 
the  hull  was  sold  on  the  beach  where  it  lay.  One  of  the 
men  at  the  sale  had,  on  his  way  up  the  beach,  picked  up 
a  slender  piece  of  wreckage,  which  he  used  as  a  staff  or 
cane.  While  on  the  ship  he  idly  dropped  the  stick  down 
one  of  the  pumps.  It  struck  upon  the  sand  (which 
quickly  fills  every  part  of  a  wreck)  and  when  he  with- 
drew it,  wedged  in  a  split  in  its  end  was  a  Spanish  dol- 
lar. This  unexpected  find,  also  in  so  strange  a  place,  was 
followed  by  more  jests  and  gu'^'sses  and  many  more 
thrusts  were  made  with  the  stick  but  no  more  dollars 
were  brought  up. 

"The  mystery  of  the  wreck,  and  the  finding  of  the 
dollars  made  a  fruitful  topic  of  discussion  on  the  street, 
and  in  the  stores  and  tavern  for  many  days.  The  wreck 
was  purchased  by  a  company  formed  for  the  purpose, 
and  was  left  to  be  broken  up  at  a  more  leisure  season. 
This  was  the  way  wrecks  were  disposed  of,  and  many  a 


210  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

barn  yard  and  pightle  fence  in  Southampton  and  in  fact 
all  over  the  southern  coast  of  Long  Island  was  made 
wholly  or  in  i)art  of  the  ribs  and  ])lanks  of  ships  that 
had  sailed  far  and  wide  and  s])read  their  sails  o\er  many 
seas,  and  brought  rich  cargoes  from  strange  and  distant 
lands. 

"OccasionalK-  in  liie  next  few  weeks  a  lone  fisher- 
man or  hunter  would  see  the  wreck  in  passing,  or  if  the 
tide  was  down,  go  on  board,  but  little  heed  or  attention 
was  given  to  it.  A  young  Southampton  whaleman 
[Capt.  Henry  Green]  returning  from  a  voyage  soon 
after  the  occurrence,  took  a  day  up  the  l)each  withacom- 
panion  gunning  and  finding  himself  near  the  wreck, 
curiosity  led  him  to  go  on  l)oard.  The  ship  lay  head  on 
the  beach  with  her  hull  shari)ly  inclined  toward  the 
sea.  The  waves  had  l)roken  in  the  stern  so  that  in 
storms  they  would  run  high  u])  the  cabin  floor,  carrying 
with  them  sand  and  shells  to  be  deposited  in  e\ery  nook 
and  cranny  of  the  wreck.  On  the  cabin  floor,  clean  at 
that  time,  in  ])lain  view,  lay  a  siher  dollar.  The  dis- 
covery did  not  excite  the  interest  of  the  finder  so  nuich 
at  the  time,  but  when  he  had  returned  to  his  home  and 
heard  of  the  other  dollars,  he  thought  it  o\er  and  was 
much  pu/.xled.  He  decided  to  investigate  further  and 
the  next  night,  providing  himself  with  one  of  the  old  per- 
forated lanterns  used  in  those  days  (these  were  simply  a 
C)dinder  of  tin  or  sheet  iron  with  perforations  to  allow 
the  light  to  filter  through),  a  candle  and  tinder  l)ox.  he 
and  his  comrade  started  for  tlie  wreck. 

*'The  beach  is  a  lonely  place  on  a  dark  night  and  a 
wreck  is  full  of  strange  and  ghostly  sounds,  llis  com- 
panion was  half-hearted  and  inclined  to  turn  1)ack,  but 
the  young  whaler  was  not  easily  frightened  or  deterred 
from  an  undertaking.  A\'hen  they  reached  the  wreck 
they  lighted  the  lantern,  and  made  directly  for  the  cabin. 
The  tide  was  down  but  occasionally  a  wave,  higher  than 
the  others,  would  run  up  on  the  floor.  For  a  time  their 
search  was  unrewarded  and  becoming  somewhat  dis- 
couraged they  were  about  to  leave  the  wreck  and  go 
home  when  one  of  them  glancing  u\)  over  his  liead  saw 
projecting  from  the  low  wooden  ceiling,  which  had  split 


4 


The  South  Shore 


m 

'■ 

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I. 

■KinUiyL  / 

i 

■   A< 

The  Tent  on  the  Beach 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  211 

and  opened,  the  edge  of  a  silver  dollar.  Giving  the  lan- 
tern to  his  comrade  and  using  his  jack  knife  to  enlarge 
the  opening,  he  succeeded  in  getting  a  firm  hold  of  the 
piece  of  ceiling  and  pulled  it  from  its  place.  As  he  did 
so,  down  upon  his  head  came  a  shower  of  dollars.  In 
his  excitement,  his  comrade  dropped  the  lantern,  and 
dollars  and  lantern  rolled  together  into  the  sea.  Still, 
the  shower  of  dollars  was  falling  and  dropping  instantly 
upon  the  floor  he  extended  his  arms  and  stopped  many 
of  them.  They  were  now  in  total  darkness  and  there 
was  nothing  to  do  but  gather  up  what  they  had  saved  as 
best  they  could  and  give  up  the  search  for  that  night. 
More  trips  were  made  and  dollars  found  in  other  places, 
but  the  secret  was  well  kept  and  no  one  ever  knew  just 
how  much  money  was  obtained.  * 

"With  the  beginning  of  winter  a  hard  storm  broke 
up  the  wreck,  and  it  soon  became  known  that  she  must 
have  had  money  aboard,  for  many  dollars  were  found 
in  the  sand  and  in  the  fragments  of  the  ship.  Farmers 
came  with  their  teams  and  ploughed  the  beach,  one  man 
finding  sixty  dollars  in  one  day,  and  for  many  years 
'Beach  Dollars'  would  occasionally  be  found."  J' 

Mr.  Pierson  then  speaks  of  Mr.  Shaw's  little  book  of 
stories  of  the  beach  near  Bellport,  where  the  ship  first 
appeared,  f  and  at  which  place,  "in  answer  to  a  pre- 
arranged signal  from  the  shore  she  landed  after  night- 
fall, bags  and  barrels  of  money  and  plunder,  to  be  buried 
later  among  the  sand  dunes.  An  approaching  storm  and 
a  fierce  quarrel  among  the  sailors  over  the  division  of 
the  booty,  frustrated  their  plans  before  they  were  com- 
pleted, and  led  to  their  hurried  abandonment  of  the  ship, 
which  was  left  to  drift   about,  the   sport   of  wind  and 

*  Mrs.  White  wrote:  "It  was  discovered  that  a  quantity  of 
silver  dollars  were  still  concealed  between  her  planks  and  her  ceil- 
ing'. Those  who  had  purchased  the  ship  contended  that  the  money 
belonged  to  them,  but  much  of  it  sifted  through  the  rifts  of  the  old 
hull  and  became  imbedded  in  the  sands.  It  was  said  the  most  the 
owners  ever  got  out  of  her  were  486  of  these  precious  dollars,  and 
none  with  one  exception  was  ever  made  rich  by  the  find,  though  for 
years  the  beach  was  raked.  .  .  .  Henry  Green  is  said  to  have 
obtained  500." 

%  One  was  picked  up  only  a  few  years  ago  dated  1802. 

t  E.  R.  Shaw,  The  Pot  of  Gold:   A  Story  of  Fire  Island  Beach. 


212  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

waves.  A  few  clays  later,  this  tale  relates,  she  came 
ashore  at  Southampton,  and  was  the  'Money  Ship"  of 
our  story.  The  origin  and  history  of  the  Money  Ship 
will  always  remain  a  mystery.  Southampton  whalemen, 
who  were  hoys  at  that  time,  but  who  afterward  became 
familiar  with  ships  of  many  countries,  agreed  that  she 
resembled  in  build  and  rig  the  vessels  sailed  along  the 
Spanish  Main,  going  occasionally  to  the  ^\'est  Indies  or 
to  the  coast  of  Africa  for  slaves.  Revolutions  were 
common,  then  as  now,  in  South  American  states  and  it 
was  not  unusual  for  a  rich  merchant  to  be  compelled  to 
llee  from  his  country,  taking  his  fortune  with  him,  which 
was  apt  to  be  in  gold  or  siher.  W  hether  this  shij)  had 
been  on  such  an  errand  and  had  been  captured  from  her 
owner  either  by  his  own  mutinous  crew  or  by  others,  or 
whether  she  was  a  i)irate  or  a  slaver  will  ])rol)ably  ne\'er 
be  known." 

This  is  perhaps  true,  but  before  leaving  the  subject  of 
this  mysterious  vessel  I  will  add  Mrs.  White's  version  of 
the  doings  of  the  ship  at  Patchogue,  where  according  to 
her  account,  it  was  "first  seen  practically  dismantled  and 
helplessly  drifting;  the  boats  had  Jeft  tlie  ship  and  were 
making  for  shore  in  a  dangerous  surf.  The  set  of  the 
breakers  was  such  that  landing  was  so  extremely  diffi- 
cult that  the  boats  were  upset  and  only  one  man  and  a 
small  boy  were  saved.  \\  hen  the  bodies  of  the  men  who 
were  drowned  were  washed  ashore,  it  was  discovered 
they  were  heavy  with  Spanish  dollars,  which  they  had 
strapped  in  bags  about  their  persons.  The  rescued  man. 
John  Sloane  by  name,  proved  to  be  the  master  of  the 
vessel  and  ihc  story  he  told  of  tlic  brig  has  l)een  handed 
down  in  the  Jones  family  who  were  li\ing  on  the  beach 
at  that  time,  and  with  whom  he  made  his  home  for  sev- 
eral years  after  his  rescue.  His  story  as  prize  master  of 
the  brig  was  this:  He  was  placed  in  charge  of  her  after 
her  capture  by  a  Mexican  war  vessel  from  the  Spaniards, 
and  his  orders  were  to  take  her  to  New  York,  where  she 
was  to  ha\e  been  fitted  out  as  a  privateer  under  the 
Mexican  flag.  He  said  the  treasure  was  artfully  con- 
cealed, but  discovered  bv  one  of  the  crew  when  off  Cape 
Hatteras.      When    the   storm    arose    and    tlic    \cssel    so 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIf'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  213 

badly  battered  that  abandonment  seemed  necessary,  the 
silver  money  was  divided  among  the  crew,  while  the 
more  valuable  gold  and  jewels  were  packed  in  a  big 
portmanteau,  which  he  intended  to  account  for,  if  saved, 
to  the  Mexican  authorities.  The  portmanteau  was  lost 
and  Sloane  escaped  with  his  life."  And  thus  ends,  so 
far  as  I  know,  the  story  of  the  Money  Ship. 

The  sea,  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  was 
the  main  highway  of  the  people  of  the  East  End.  It 
colored  all  their  thoughts.  Its  mystery  was  the  romance 
of  their  lives.  From  it  alone  could  come  the  unexpected, 
and  that  at  any  moment.  Over  it,  they  themselves,  their 
friends  and  neighbors  sailed  to  the  far  corners  of  the 
earth  on  trading  voyages  or  in  pursuit  of  whales.  Even 
the  stay-at-home  farmer,  as  he  ploughed  his  fieMs,  on 
the  uplands  could  see,  flashing  white  against  its  blue,  the 
sails  of  ships  laden  with  slaves  from  Africa,  with  the 
wines  of  Spain  or  silks  from  China  or  spices  from  the  far 
East,  while  many  a  man  here  in  those  days,  seaman  or 
farmer,  was  more  familiar  with  the  lonely  islands  of  the 
Pacific  than  with  the  western  end  of  the  one  on  which  he 
had  his  home. 

When  he  did  go  to  New  York  or  other  nearby  cities, 
it  was  usually  over  the  water  by  packet  boat,  many  lines 
of  which  ran  from  Sag  Harbor.  There  was  the  Spced- 
zvell,  John  Price,  master,  plying  between  that  port  and 
Hartford  in  1791,  the  New  London  packet  under  Eph- 
raim  L'Hommedieu  running  weekly,  and  the  "fast 
sailing  Sloop  Industry,  Luther  Hildreth,  Master,"  mak- 
ing the  run  to  New  York  "every  Eortnight,  or  oftener, 
wind  and  weather  permitting"  in  the  same  year.  In 
1797,  the  sloop  Resolution  was  advertised  as  running  to 
Albany,  and  the  next  year  Nathan  Fordham  was  run- 
ning the  sloop  Favorite  to  New  York,  while  the  schooner 
Brother,  Stephen  S.  Topping,  master,  plied  regularly  to 
Middletown  and  Hartford.  Later  the  Sag  Harbor-New 
London  boat  ran  three  times  a  week,  there  was  one  to 
Southold  every  Saturday,  and  a. boat  made  daily  trips  to 
Shelter  Island.  This  latter  was  named  the  Lady  Clinton 
and  the  advertisement  was  signed  "S.  Conklin,  vvdio 
promises  his  boat,  like  the  Lord  of  her  namesake,  can 


214    .  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

and  icill  go  against  ^ciiul  and  lidc."  In  the  early  twenties 
the  crack  i)acket  to  Xew  York  was  the  sloop  David  Por- 
ter, Capt.  Jeff.  l'V)r(Ihani.  which  sometimes  carried  from 
forty  to  sixty  passengers,  and  possessed  only  a  quarter 
that  number  of  berths.  After  supper,  a  spare  sail  would 
be  spread  on  the  main  cabin  floor  and  the  men  and  boys 
would  sleep  there,  the  rule  being  all  lights  out  at  nine 
o'clock.  There  was  no  charge  for  staterooms  or  berth 
and  all  three  meals  cost  12>4  cents  each,  but  the  general 
custom  was  for  the  passengers  td  prepare  their  own  food 
in  advance  and  take  it  with  them,  as  there  were  seldom 
good  cooks  on  board.  If  the  weather  was  good  this  was 
a  much  pleasanter  way  of  reaching  New  York  than  by 
the  slow  and  dusty  stage  routes,  l)ut,  if  becalmed,  the 
trip  mfght  often  take  three  days,  while  there  was  always 
the  possibility  of  storm  and  wreck.  The  David  Porter 
herself  was  wrecked  on  I'.aton's  Neck,  and  in  one  storm 
in  1816  five  packets  were  lost,  *  the  first  lighthouse  in 
Suffolk  County  not  being  built  until  17')5  and  the  others 
following  but  slowly,  t 

The  first  stage  route  was  estal)lished  in  1772  by 
Samuel  Nicolls,  Benj.  Havens  and  Nathan  Fordham, 
and  ran  between  Sag  Harbor  and  Brooklyn,  the  trip 
taking  three  days  and  costing  %2.2S,  "goods  per  hundred 
one  penny  a  mile  and  baggage  as  usual."  In  1798,  the 
line  was  owned  by  Fordham.  Hedges,  Gelston  &  Co.. 
who  advertised  in  New  London  for  Connecticut  passen- 
gers, their  rates  being  five  cents  a  mile  and  14  ll)s.  of 
baggage  carried  free.  This  stage  left  Sag  Harbor  every 
Monday  morning,  reaching  New  York  at  10  A.  M.  on 


*  Mrs.  M.  C.  Sayre,  From  Sag  Harbor  to  New  York  in  1827. 
Paper  Sag  Harbor  Hist.  Soc.  1898.  Letter  of  G.  A.  Halsey,  Express, 
May  4,  1898.  Among  the  early  New  York  packets  were  the  Flash, 
Imperial,  Regulator,  Pioneer,  Planter,  Gen.  Warren,  James  Law- 
rence and  Helen  Smith.  Steamers  were  used  shortly  before  the 
Civil  War,  the  first  being  a  day  boat,  Is'land  Belle,  followed  by  the 
night  boat  Artisan,  the  W.  W.  Coit,  the  Slielter  Island,  the  Montauk 
and  Shinnecock,  the  last  being  launched  in  1896. 

t  Montauk,  1795;  Eaton's  Neck,  1798;  Little  Gull  Island, 
1806;  Old  Field  Point,  1823;  Fire  Island,  1826;  Plum  Island,  1827; 
Cedar  Island,  1839;  North  Dumpling,  1848;  Gardiner's  Island, 
1855;  Lloyd's  Harbor,  Horton's  Point  and  Shinnecock,  1857;  Long 
Beach  Bar,  1871;  Stratford  Shoal,  1877;  Race  Rock,  1878.  Bi.  Cen. 
Suffolk  County,  p.  65. 


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A^TOR,   LENOX 

LD.-U  foundation; 


Elisha  O.  Hedges'  House,  Sagaponack 


Second   Church   Edifice,   Erected   in    1737 
Bridgehampton 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  215 

Wednesday.     This  time  was  cut  and  a  new  line  started 
in  1826,  when  Silas  Payne  advertised  as  follows: 

Sag-  Harbor  and  New  York 

STAGE 

Through  in  two  days ! 

The  subscribers  will  start  a  stage  to  run 

EVERY  OTHER  WEEK 

from  Sag  Harbor  to  New  York  as  follows: 

Will  start  from  the  Union  Hotel,  Sag  Har- 
bor, on  Friday  the  8th  of  December  at  6  o'clock 
A.  M.;  breakfast  at  S.  Griffing's  at  WEST 
HAMPTON  &  arrive  at  J.  Rowe's,  PATCH- 
OGUE,  same  night.  On  the  next  day,  break- 
fast at  E.  Dodd's,  BABYLON;  and  arrive  the 
same  evening  at  BROOKLYN. 

Start  from  BROOKLYN,  Monday  at  6 
o'clock  A.  M.;  breakfast  at  HEMPSTEAD 
and  arrive  at  A.  Gardiner's,  FIRE-PLACE, 
same  evening;  breakfast  next  morning  at 
WEST-HAMPTON  and  arrive  at  SAG-HAR- 
BOR same  evening. 

FARE  $5 

SH.AS  PAYNE. 
Sag*  Harbor,  November  25th,  1826. 

The  earliest  Post  Office  in  the  Township  was  that 
established  at  Sag  Harbor  Jan.  1,  1795,  followed  by 
Bridgehampton  Apr.  1  of  the  same  year  and  Southamp- 
ton Apr.  1,  1804.* 

*  The  dates  of  the  establishment  of  the  various  offices  were  as 
follows:  Eastport.  Sept.  16,  1872;  Atlanticville,  Jan.  12,  1858 
(name  changed  to  East  Quogue,  Mar.  25,  1891);  Flanders,  May  8, 
1834;  Good  Ground,  July  28,  1829;  Quogue,  Apr.  8,  1828;  Sag 
Harbor,  Jan.  1,  1795;  Southampton,  Apr.  1,  1804;  Speonk,  Apr.  1, 
1828  (name  changed  to  Remsenburg,  July  27,  1895  and  a  new  post 
office  by  name  Speonk  est.  June  9,  1897);  Water  Mill,  July  25,  1866; 
West  Hampton,  June  19,  1861  (name  changed  to  West  Hampton 
Beach  Dec.  22,  1890);  Bridgehampton,  Apr.  1,  1795;  Sagg,  Apr. 
23,  1878  (name  changed  to  Sagaponack,  Feb.  21,  1890).  In  1843 
the  net  receipts  of  the  Sag  Harbor  office  were  $1,465.85;  South- 
ampton, $315.35;  Bridgehampton,  $287.96;  Quogue,  $110.30;  and 
Good  Ground,  $29.63. 


216  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

Thirty  years  before  its  estal)lisliiiiciit,  a  post  road 
had  been  set  up  in  1765,  the  riders  going  on  horsel)ack. 
The  circuit,  which  was  continued  until  the  Revolution, 
was  2vS9  miles  long,  tiic  route  being  New  York,  Brook- 
lyn, Jamaica,  Smithtown,  "Grifhn's  at  Riverhead," 
Southold,  Shelter  Island,  Hogneck,  Sag  Harl)()r,  East 
Hampton,  Southampton  and  so,  west,  back  to  New 
York.  During  the  War  of  1812,  Capt.  Uriah  Sayre 
drove  the  mail  stage  from  Sag  Harbor  to  l^rooklyn, 
the  trip  taking  four  days,  along  the  South  Shore,  and 
for  a  while  he  carried  the  entire  Long  Island  mail  for 
New  York,  from  Jamaica  on.  In  1830,  the  Post  Office 
department  announced  that  the  mail  for  East  Hampton 
from  New  ^'ork  via  Sag  Harl)or  would  run  three  times 
a  week  beginning  Jan.  1st,  leaving  the  city  Mondays, 
\\'ednesdays  and  Eridays  at  8  A.  M.  and  reaching  East 
Hampton  the  fcdlowing  days  at  8  P.  M. 

The  roads  at  that  time  were  indescribably  bad,  al- 
though Prime  states  that  they  were  better  at  the  East 
End  than  elsewhere  on  the  Island.  The  state  early  in 
the  century  had  not  assumed  to  any  extent  the  duty  of 
building  and  maintaining  highways,  and  about  ISES 
there  was  a  sudden  and  very  great  development  of  pri- 
vate Turnpike  and  Toll  Bridge  companies,  the  craze  for 
their  formation  taking  the  form  of  the  railway  mania  of 
a  half  century  later.  The  introduction  of  the  system  w'as 
at  first  much  opposed  on  Long  Island  o\ving  to  the 
dislike  of  seeing  the  public  roads  fenced  up  and  a  fee 
charged  for  their  use,  1)ut  their  improved  condition 
finally  overcame  j^rejudice  and  many  toll  roads 
were  established.  The  only  one  I  know  of  in  this  Town 
was  the  "Sag  Harl)or  and  Bull  Head  Turnpike  Com- 
pany" whose  road  ran  between  Bridgehampton  and  Sag 
Harbor  and  is  still  known  as  the  Turni)ike.  The  charter 
was  obtained  in  1840,  the  company  1)eing  capitalized  at 
$5,600  (shares  $25  each),  and  paid  a  small  return  to 
stockholders  until  the  railroad  was  built  in  1870,  *  when 
the  road  was  allowed  to  get  into  very  l)ad  condition  as  it 
no  longer  paid  the  company  to  maintain  it.     On  the  19th 

*  This  date  was  wrongly  given  in  the  Memorials  as  1881.     For 
official  railroad  dates  see  later  in  this  chapter. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  217 

of  August,  1905,  the  toll  gate  was  thrown  open  by  the 
Court  on  complaint  of  the  Commissioners  of  Highways. 
The  following  year  it  was  taken  over  by  the  Town,  the 
owners  disposing  of  the  charter  for  a  nominal  sum,  and 
the  old  toll  gate,  said  to  be  the  last  in  the  state,  was  re- 
moved. In  1909  the  toll  house  was  destroyed  by  fire,  the 
ruins  of  the  cellar  l^eing  still  visible  on  the  west  side  of 
the  road  not  far  from  the  Harbor,  t 

There  was  also  a  toll  bridge  built  in  1834  connecting 
Sag  Harbor  and  Hog  Neck  (North  Haven),  passage 
before  having  been  either  by  boat  or  along  both  l^eaches 
and  by  way  of  Noyack.  This  has  been  replaced  several 
times,  its  story  being  given  in  the  subjoined  note.  * 

t  The  following  were  the  rates  charged:  "For  every  wagon  or 
cart  drawn  by  two  horses,  mule  or  oxen,  8  cents.  And  for  every 
additional  horse,  mule  or  ox,  2  cents.  For  every  wagon  or  cart 
drawn  by  one  horse  or  mule,  4  cents.  For  every  coach,  coachee, 
barouche,  phaeton  or  other  tour-wheeled  pleasure  carriage  drawn 
by  two  horses,  16  cents.  And  for  every  additional  horse,  3  cents. 
For  every  stage,  wagon  or  coach  for  the  transportation  of  passen- 
gers drawn  by  two  horses,  12 1/^  cents.  And  for  every  additional 
horse,  3  cents.  For  every  chair,  or  other  two-wheeled  pleasure 
carriage  drawn  by  one  horse,  6  cents.  And  for  every  additional 
horse,  3  cents.  For  every  horse  and  rider,  3  cents.  For  every 
horse,  led  or  drove,  without  being  attached  to  a  carriage,  1  cent. 
For  every  sled  or  sleigh,  drawn  by  one  horse,  mule  or  ox,  4  cents. 
For  every  additional  horse,  mule  or  ox,  2  cents. 
For  every  score  of  cattle  or  mules,  10  cents.  For  every  score  of 
hogs  or  sheep,  4  cents.  And  in  the  same  proportion  for  a  greater 
or  less  number  of  cattle,  mules,  hogs  or  sheep." 

*  The  toll  was  2  cents  for  foot  passengers  and  8  cents  for 
teams.  It  was  incorporated  as  the  "Payne  Bridge  Co."  May  5,  1834, 
capital  $2,000  (shares  $25  each).  The  Commissioners  named  to  re- 
ceive subscriptions  were  Luther  D.  Cook,  Marcus  B.  Osborne,  Chas. 
W.  Payne.  Bridge  was  of  wood  on  piles  and  crossed  deep  channel 
from  the  old  tolf  house,  foot  of  Bridge  St.  to  the  long  sand  point 
opposite.  A  few  years  later  a  30  ft.  draw  was  built  to  let  vessels 
through.  Ships  built  in  the  yard  at  the  foot  of  Glover  St.  were 
floated  at  high  tide  through  to  Long  Wharf.  About  12  years  after 
it  was  built  it  was  found  to  be  settling  and  the  piles  were  honey- 
combed by  the  teredo.  In  the  gale  of  1847  it  was  partly  destroyed 
but  rebuilt.  By  Act  of  Legislature  1868  it  became  a  County  charge 
and  the  Toll  Co.  was  dissolved.  It  was  neglected  and  in  1879  Judge 
Chas.  P.  Daly  wrote  the  Hannibal  French  poem  (see  Mulford's 
Sage)  and  it  was  rebuilt  in  1880.  In  1892  a  new  pile  bridge  re- 
placed it  at  a  cost  of  $23,000,  of  which  Joseph  Fahys  and  others 
on  North  Haven  contributed  $18,000.  This  was  eaten  by  teredos 
and  collapsed  July  18,  1900.  A  ferry  was  established,  but  the 
present  structure  with  iron  and  concrete  piles  and  an  85  ft.  draw 
was  authorized  the  same  year  and  built.  Mary  P.  Sayre,  Sag  Har- 
bor Hist.  Soc.    Paper,  1911. 


218  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOUN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

In  1844  the  Long  Island  Railroad  was  opened  to 
Greenport,  the  southern  line  being  completed  to  its  orig- 
inal terminus  at  Sag  Harbor  in  1870,  with,  of  course,  its 
obvious  effects  upon  modes  of  travel.  * 

In  connection  with  tra\el,  the  inn  or  taverns  of  Sag 
Harl)or  ha\e  already  been  mentioned.  Southampton 
had  its  sign  in  the  old  "Ship  and  Whale,"  which  swung 
before  the  bar-room  in  the  house  of  Capt.  Charles  How- 
ell, a  bar-room  in  which,  oddly  enough  in  a  day  of  heavy 
drinking,  no  lic|Uor  was  ever  allowed  to  l)e  sold.  For  a 
long  time  this  was  the  only  inn  in  the  village,  and  when 
its  last  portion  was  torn  down  two  years  ago,  the  build- 
ing was  nearly  a  century  old.  %  Another  inn  there  at 
one  time  was  the  old  Foster  House,  purchased  and 
moved  by  Mr.  Parrish  in  1916,  which  was  built  in  1807, 
and  was  known  as  Foster's  Tavern,  having  included 
among  its  guests  James  Fenimore  Cooper  and  Daniel 
Webster,  t 

The  old  Bull's  Head  Tavern  (Briggs  house)  in 
Bridgehampton  has  already  been  alluded  to  as  l)eing 
kept  by  John  Wick  in  the  early  part  of  the  18th  century. 
A  hundred  years  or  so  later  its  proprietor  was  Solomon 
Grey  and  after  him  Dick  Gelston,  at  which  period  the 
bar  was  in  the  east  room  where  the  rum  was  dealt  out 
"a  short  horn"  two  fingers  deep,  "a  long  horn"  four 
fingers,  while  for  "a  good  stiff  horn"  they  put  on  the 

*  The  dates  are  as  follows:  "Opening  of  Main  Line  to  Green- 
port,  July  19,  1844.  (The  first  section  of  this  road  was  opened  from 
South  Ferry,  Bklyn.,  to  Jamaica,  Apr.  18,  1836,  and  succeeding 
openings  followed  as  building  throughout  the  Island  progressed 
from  1836  to  1844).  Montauk  Division,  Jamaica  to  Babylon,  opened 
Oct.  28,  1867.  Bu?hwick  to  Jamaica,  and  Babylon  to  Islip,  opened 
July  22,  18G8.  Williamsburgh  to  Bushwick,  and  Islip  to  Patchogue, 
opened  March,  181:9.  Sag  Harbor  Branch,  Manor  to  Sag  Harbor, 
opened  May,  1870  (first  locomotive  crossed  Main  St.,  Southampton, 
Feb.  26— S.  H.  T.  R.  IV,  315).  Montauk  Division  continued,  Patch- 
ogue to  Eastport  Junction,  opened  June,  1881.  (Eastport  Junction 
to  Bridgehampton  is  included  under  Sag  Harbor  Branch.)  Bridge- 
hampton to  Amagansett,  opened  June  1,  1895.  Amagansett  to 
Montauk,  opened  Nov.  1,  1895."  Letter  from  Mr.  Frank  E.  Haff, 
Sec'y  of  the  L.  I.  R.  R. 

%  It  stood  on  Main  Street  on  the  site  of  the  Post  Block  until 
about  twenty-five  years  ago,  when  the  main  portion  was  moved 
forming  the  present  Ocean  Hou?e,  and  the  bar-room  moved  to  the 
back  of  the  lot  where  it  stood  until  January,  1915. 

t  W.  S.  Pelletreau  in  Southampton  Press,  Nov.  30,  1916. 


The  Old  Saw  Mill  at  Seven  Ponds 
(now    destroyed) 


THE  MtW  YORK 
'  rUBLlC  LIBRARY 


I      NOX 
.    D..T10NS 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  219 

thumb.  It  used  to  be  said  that  there  had  Ijeen  rum 
enough  drunk  in  that  room  to  float  a  seventy-four  ton 
sloop.  Upstairs  there  was  a  curious  row  of  bedrooms 
with  moveal)le  partitions  which  they  took  down  when 
they  had  balls  or  when  Court  was  to  be  held  in  the  large 
room  thus  made.  Later  the  Atlantic  House  also  flour- 
ished in  Rridgehampton,  its  early  "sign"  being  the  fig- 
urehead of  an  old  ship,  and  the  place  being  noted  as  far 
as  New  York  for  its  game  suppers,  its  latest  proprietor, 
John  W.  Hull,  having  been  famed  both  as  a  caterer  and 
the  crack  shot  of  the  East  End.  * 

In  connection  with  the  intellectual  life  of  the  period, 
the  Sag  Harbor  Literary  Society  has  already  been  men- 
tioned in  an  earlier  chapter  as  having  been  founded  in 
1807.  Although  to  that  village  belongs  the  credit  of  the 
earliest  society  thus  devoted  to  "culture,"  to  Bridge- 
hampton  belongs  that  of  founding  the  first  circulating 
library  in  the  Town  in  1793.  It  consisted  of  but  173  vol- 
umes and  was  lodged  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Levi  Hildreth, 
whose  only  compensation  was  permission  to  read  the 
books.  At  that  time  Stephen  Burroughs,  more  or  less 
notorious  throughout  New  England,  was  teaching 
school  here  and  the  formation  of  the  library  was  largely 
due  to  his  efforts,  although  the  selection  of  the  books 
was  a  matter  of  bitter  controversy  between  him  and  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Woolworth  and  their  respective  parties.     This 

*  Mr.  C.  H.  Hildreth  wrote  of  this  house:  "The  veterans 
among  us  recall  the  names  of  [proprietors]  Mitchell,  King,  Gardi- 
ner, Hedges,  Penny  and  Weeks  or  Wicks,  the  latter  a  typical  land- 
lord of  mammoth  proportions  weighing  400  pounds.  This  gentleman 
had  a  chair  of  special  make  for  his  accommodation  which  served 
him  at  night  time  for  a  bed.  To  nearly  all  adults  now  living  here 
or  in  this  vicinity,  the  name  of  John  W.  Hull  recalls  vivid  memories. 
.  .  .  His  skill  never  failed  to  bring  out  the  best  quality  in  the 
oysters,  pastry  and  coffee.  On  these  occasions  the  upper  rooms 
were  filled  with  dancers,  who,  though  they  knew  nothing  of  the 
new  dances  of  today,  were  skilled  in  the  performance  of  the  grace- 
ful old  dances,  the  waltz,  redowa,  polka  and  schottishe,  and  who 
with  the  'calling  off'  of  the  famous  Cuffee  brothers  and  'Prof.  Van 
Houten'  followed  the  mazes  of  the  lance  and  quadrille.  .  .  .  The 
parish  oyster  supper  was  for  several  years  an  annual  event,  taking 
place  in  the  winter  and  brought  together  whole  families  from  the 
remote  parts  of  the  parish."  News,  June  18,  1909.  The  building 
after  being  used  as  a  Parish  House  by  St.  Ann's  Church,  which 
bought  the  property,  was  torn  down  in  1915  and  the  timber  taken 
to  Southampton. 


220  HlsrURY  OF  THE  TUlIN  OJ-  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

Burroughs,  who  later  publis^hed  his  Memoirs  in  two  vol- 
umes, was  a  plausible  individual,  evidently  possessing 
much  personal  magnetism  and  intellectual  curiosity,  a 
person  of  decided  opinions  and  undecided  morals.  Much 
in  advance  of  his  time,  and  especially  of  his  community, 
in  his  views,  and  with  a  penchant,  apparently  for  shock- 
ing those  who  lingered  behind  him,  a  conflict  was  in- 
evitable. It  was  hardly  to  be  expected,  for  example, 
that  a  large  number  in  the  parish  could  readily  forgive 
the  fact  that  when  he  obtained  the  use  of  the  Meeting 
House  for  a  literary  entertainment  that  it  should  take 
the  form  of  a  presentation  of  "A  BoldStrokeforaWife !" 
He  was  finally  forced  out  of  the  village,  after  a  struggle 
which  roused  passions  in  this  pastoral  comnninity  that 
yet  smouldered  a  full  century  later. 

As  the  catalogue  of  the  library  then  founded  *  is 
short,  and  interesting  as  showing  the  reading  matter  of 
that  day,  I  give  it  here  in  full. 

Raynal's  Indies,  8  vols.  Watt's  Logic 

Rollin's  Ancient  History,  8  vols.  Edwards  on  Original  Sin 

Hist,  of  Modern  Europe,  5  vols.  Lathrop  on  Baptism 

Moore's  France,  2  vols.  Life  of  Charles  Wentworth, 

Italy,  2  vols.  3  vols. 

Robertson's  America,  3  vols.  Horvcy's  Letters,  2  vols. 

Scotland,  2  vols.  Cook's  Travels,  2  vols. 

Mirabeau's  Court  of  Berlin,  Edwards'  History  of  Redemption 

2  vols.  Goldsmith's  Rome,  2  vols. 

Memoirs  of  Baron  de  Tott,2  vols.  Waits'  Gospel  History 

Fordyce's  Addresses  Jennens'  View 

• Sermons  to  Young  Lectures 

Women  Beauties  of  History,  2  vols. 

Ramsey's  Revolution,  2  vols.  Knox  on  Education,  2  vols. 

Linn's  Characteristical   Sermons  Miss  Rowe's  Letters 

Morse's   Geography  Bennett's  Letters  to  a  Lady 

Thomson's  Seasons  .  Memoirs  of  Baron  Trenck 

Clerk's  Vade  Mecum  Vision  of  Columbus 

Pone's  Essay  on  Man  Young's  Night  Thoughts 

Milton's  Paradise  Lost  Humphrey's  Works 

Conquest  of  Canaan  Kaim's  Art  of  Thinking 

Emma  Corbett  Sparman's  Voyage  to  the  Cape  of 
Beauties  of  the  Magazine  Good  Hone,  2  vols. 

Gustavus  Vasa  Cowper's  Task 

*  The  present  Hampton  Library  was  organized  1876,  opened 
1877,  the  books  now  numbering  over  10,000.  Mr.  Wm.  Gardiner  of 
New  York  gave  the  lot  on  which  it  stands  and  $10,000.  Mr.  Chas. 
Rogers  gave  $10,000  for  building  and  books,  and  Mrs.  Rogers  be- 
queathed $5,000.  The  Library  has  been  free  since  1905.  The 
books  originally  numbered  3,523,  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant  advising  Mr. 
Rogers  in  their  selection. 


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TUE   M"^    ^'^^'^  r 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ASTOR,   LENOX 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


221 


Derham's  Astro  Theology 

Watts'  Supplement 

Paine's  Rights  of  Man,  1st  and 
2d  pts.,  2  vols. 

Montague's  Letters,  3  vols. 

Telemachus,  2  vols. 

Compleat  Letter  Writer 

Newton  on  the  Prophecies,  3 
vols. 

Edwards  on  the  Will 

Death  of  Abel 

Doddridge's    Rise    and    Progress 
of  Religion 

Watts'  Foundation  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church 

Manners  in  Portugal,  2  vols. 

Plutarch's  Lives,  6  vols. 

Arabian  Nights  Entertainments, 
4  vols. 

Neal's   History  of  the  Puritans, 
4  vols. 

Guthries'  Geography 

Erisson's  Narrative 

Mosheim's  Ecclesiastical  History 

Flavins  Josephus,  6  vols. 

Perry's  Pronouncing  Dictionary 

Clark's  Farriery 

Hervey's  Meditations 

Burke  on  the  French  Revolution 


Carver's  Travels 

Blair's  Sermons,  2  vols. 

Lavater's  Aphorisms  on  Man 

Moore's  Monitor 

Gay's  Fables 

Byron's  Shipwreck 

Fool  of  Quality,  5  vols. 

Hist,  of  Charles  XII  of  Sweden 

Evans  on  the  Christian  Temper 

Dickinson's  Letters 

Weft  and  Lyttleton 

Williamson's  Sermons,  4  vols. 

Peter  Pindar,  2  vols. 

Adams'  View  of  Religion 

Dodd  on  Death 

Franklin's  Life 

England,  Abridged 

Bruce's  Travels  up  the  Nile 
Warville's  Travels 
Cook's  Voyages,  Abridged 
Goldsmith's  Animated  Nature, 

4  vols. 
French  Revolution 
Mills  on  Cattle 
Mason  on  Self  Knowledge 
Watts'  Miscellaneous  Thoughts 
Paley's  Philosophy 
Clarissa  Harlowe,  3  vols. 
British  Moralist,  2  vols.  * 


Of  the  schools  of  that  period,  httle  can  be  said  as  to 
their  architectural  or  other  interest,  save  as  they  may 
figure  in  the  personal  reniiniscence  of  those  who  at- 
tended them.  They  were  for  the  most  part  very  small, 
the  one  at  Hay  Ground,  for  exaxiiple,   being  only  15x25 


*  The  following  books  were  offered  for  sale  at  the  office  of 
the  L.  I.  Herald  in  Sag  Harbor  in  1791:  Sterne's  Works,  5  vols.; 
Gutheries'  Grammar,  late  edition;  Pope's  Works;  Christian's, 
Scholar's  and  Farmer's  Magazine;  The  Messiah,  by  the  author  of 
the  Death  of  Abel;  Watts'  Psalms,  revised  by  Barlow;  Sermons 
for  Children,  by  Samuel  Spring;  Holiday  Exercises  or  the  Chris- 
tian A.  B.  C.  In  1797  Dering,  Fordham  &  Hedges  offered  Charlotte 
Temple,  Inquisitor,  Hapless  Orphan,  Tremer's  Knowledge  of  Na- 
ture, Sorrows  of  Worter  (sic).  Catechism  of  Nature,  Life  of  Joseph, 
Blair's  Sermons.  In  1798  Jonathan  Hall  offered  Watts'  Psalms, 
Watts'  Miscellanies,  Spalding's  Letters,  Scots  Vindication,  Re- 
ligious Courtship,  Hopkins  on  Holiness,  Rowe's  Devout  Exercises, 
Beauties  of  Watts,  Evans'  Sketches,  Watson  for  Christianity, 
Dyer's  Title,  Christian  Consolation,  Heaven  Taken  by  Storm,  Life 
of  John  Newton,  Token  for  Children,  Divine  Breathings,  Sermons 
to  the  Rich  and  Studious,  Life  of  Joseph,  Trimmer's  Knowledge  of 
Nature,  Pelew  Islands,  Columbian  Orator,  Hawkins'  Voyages, Lady's 
Library,  American  Preceptor,  American  Selections,  American 
Youth,  Fair  Solitary,  etc. 


222  HISTORY    Of   THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

feet,  were  unceiled,  and  toda}-  would  be  accounted  little 
better  than  wheels.  *  They  always  consisted  of  but  one 
room,  heated  by  open  fires,  sometimes  one  at  each  end, 
or  by  stoves.  The  interior  of  the  one  at  Sagg  is  de- 
scribed by  one  who  attended  it  about  1834,  and  while 
trilling  details  might  vary  in  other  cases,  it  is  probably 
fair  to  consider  the  description  as  typical,  at  least  as  to 
the  extent  of  the  luxury  suggested.  "The  desks,"  wrote 
Mr.  Hildreth,  "were  built  against  the  side  of  the  house 
on  four  sides  of  the  room  except  at  the  door-way  out 
into  the  entry.  The  seats  were  a  continuous  board  in 
front  of  the  desks  over  which  the  scholars  had  to  climb 
to  get  to  the  desks.  There  w-ere  two  long  benches  for 
small  children,  one  made  of  pine  for  the  girls  and  the 
other  an  oak  slab  with  pegs  driven  into  auger  holes  for 
legs.  It  was  rough  on  the  under  side  but  the  top  side 
was  almost  as  smooth  as  glass  and  about  as  hard.  On 
this  bench  we  little  boys  had  to  sit  with  folded  hands. 
.  .  There  was  a  large  Franklin  Stove  in  the  middle  of 
the  room  in  which  they  burned  quantities  of  wood  which 
made  it  very  hot  near  the  fire,  but  as  the  building  was 
not  underpinned  the  north-east  wnnd  blowing  under  the 
floor  made  it  rather  cold  for  the  children's  feet. 
The  older  boys  sat  on  the  end  of  the  bench  near  the 
stove  and  as  they  got  warmed  up  they  would  come  to 
the  cold  end  and  we  little  fellows  were  crowded  down 
toward  the  stove  and  l)aked."  f 

In  Southampton,  the  North  End  and  South  End 
Schools  were  originally  one,  it  l^eing  taught,  about  1795, 
by  Wm.  Herrick  at  10  shillings  a  quarter.  ||  It  was  held 
in  a  long  low  one-story  building  and  when  the  district  was 
divided  so  was  the  building  which  was  sawn  in  tw'o  and 
half  of  it  moved  into  the  new  district,  §    rudimentary 

*  For  detailed  accounts  of  those  in  the  Bridgehampton  neigh- 
borhood, see  Memorials,  pp.  173-183. 

t  C.  H.  Hildreth,  News,  Aug.  19,  1910. 

II  John  Rogers  and  Micaiah  Herrick  were  assistants,  Bcnj. 
Huntting,  Caleb  Cooper,  Uriah  Rogers  and  Bartlett  Hinds,  Trus- 
tees. 

§  This  building  was  apparently  the  one  that  stood  on  Dr. 
Nugent's  road,  and  when  part  was  moved  to  the  South  End,  that 
became  District  No.  6,  while  the  North  End  was  16.  Both  buildings 
were  replaced  by  new  in  the  60*s  and  these  in  turn  gave  place  to 


Garden  Gate,  Parrish  Art  Museum,  Southampton 


Parrish  Art  Museum,  Southampton 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  223 

forms  of  architecture,   like  the  lower  forms  of  animal 
life,  lending  themselves  to  subdivision  with  little  pain. 

The  day  of  improved  architecture  in  public  build- 
ings, however,  was  at  hand,  and  in  1843  the  Presbyter- 
ians in  Southampton  erected  their  present  church  edi- 
fice, selling  their  old  one  which  was  subsequently 
l)ought  by  the  Methodists  the  following. year,  t 

Methodist  preaching  apparently  began  in  South- 
ampton Village  about  1835,  *  the  denomination  having 


the  Union  School  in  1891,  Jas.  H.  Foster  being  one  of  the  prime 
movers  in  the  founding  of  the  latter.  At  a  meeting  held  Mar.  14, 
1830,  at  the  old  North  End  School,  the  project  of  an  Academy  and 
High  School  was  considered  and  Wm.  S.  Pelletreau,  James  Post 
and  David  Chapman  were  appointed  a  committee  to  solicit  funds. 
The  building  was  erected  1831  and  the  school  had  a  long  career  but 
the  property  was  finally  ordered  sold  May  18,  1893. 

t  The  following  list  includes  the  pastors  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  during  this  period  and  down  to  the  present  time:  Mr.  An- 
drews, Joshua  Hart,  Amos  Bingham,  all  these  were  stated  supply 
for  unknown  periods;  Henry  F'uUer,  3  months;  Herman  Halsey, 
unknown;    John  M.  Babbitt,  installed  Nov.  19,  1817,  resigned  Apr. 

18,  1821;    Peter  H.  Sliaw,  June  9,  1821,  ordained  and  installed  Sept. 

19,  1821,  resigned  June  2,  1829;  Daniel  Beers,  Nov.  6,  1829,  installed 
June  8,  1830,  resigned  Apr.  21,  1835;  Hugh  N.  Wilson,  stated  sup- 
ply Sept.,  1835,  installed  June  29,  1836,  resigned  Apr.  13,  1852; 
John  J.  A.  Morgan,  June  26,  1852,  ordained  and  installed  Jan.  20, 
1853,  resigned  Sept.  12,  1855;  Elias  N.  Crane,  stated  supply  Nov.  4, 
1855,  to  Apr.  3,  1856;  David  Kennedy,  stated  supply  Nov.  23,  1856, 
to  Oct.  24,  1858;  (Rev.  Abijah  Green  substitute  Dec.  10,  1856,  to 
Feb.  7,  1857);  Wm.  Neal  Cleveland,  stated  supply,  Jan.  1,  1859,  to 
July  2,  1863;  Hugh  N.  Wilson,  D.  D.,  autumn  of  1863,  ordained  and 
installed  Sept.  25,  1864,  resigned  May  1,  1867;  Frederic  E.  Shearer, 
Apr.  29,  1866,  ordained  and  installed  co-pastor  Aug.  14,  1866,  pastor 
May  1,  1867,  resigned  Mar.  6,  1870;  Andrew  Shiland,  1871-1883; 
Walter  Condict,  1887-1888;  Robert  C.  Hallock,  1889-1892;  Richard 
S.  Campbell,  1894-1908;    Geo.  Jeffrey  Russell,  1909  to  date. 

*  Meetings  were  originally  held  in  homes  and  schools,  Rev. 
H.  Husted  of  Bridgehampton  preaching.  The  old  Presbyterian 
Church  building  was  used  until  1883  when  the  present  church  was 
built  and  dedicated  Nov.  4,  1883;  North  Sea  parsonage  property 
bought  about  1866;  sold  1887  and  new  one  built;  church  rebuilt 
and  rededicated  Dec.  20,  1903.  Pastors  have  been  Thos.  G.  Osborne, 
1844-5;  Mathias  E.  Willing,  1846;  O.  E.  Brown,  1847;  Levi  S. 
Weed,  1848-9;  Francis  Bottome,  1850;  Wm.  F.  Smith,  1851;  Henry 
C.  Glover,  1852;  Collinwood  Rutherford,  1853-4;  Thos.  Stephenson, 
1855;  W.  Howard,  1856;  Wm.  Dean,  1857;  Supplies,  L.  A.  Bos- 
worth,  1858;  Sidney  K.  Smith,  1859;  C.  A.  Dickinson,  1860;  W.  R. 
Webster,  1861;  Thos.  Laine,  1862-4;  Pastor,  Wm.  Wake,  1865-7; 
Moses  Lyon,  1868-9;  Supply,  Curtis  Graham,  1870-2;  Pastor,  Alex. 
McAllister,  1873-5;  Daniel  F.  Hallock,  1876;  J.  Howard  Hand, 
1877-9;    C.  W.  Miller,  1880;    Smith  H.  Piatt,  1881-3;    Wm.  A.  Tay- 


224  msrURY  OF  THE  TUH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

entered  the  field  in  Sag  Harbor,  as  we  saw  in  an  earlier 
chapter,  about  1807.  In  1815,  services  were  held  in  the 
old  Hay  Ground  school  house  and  a  church  built  in 
Bridgehampton  in  1820.  t 

About  the  same  time  that  the  Presbyterians  in 
Southampton  built  their  new  church,  those  in  Bridge- 
hampton were  moved  by  the  same  spirit,  the  present 
building  being  erected  in  1842  and  dedicated  Jan.  17, 
1843.  +  It  is  noteworthy  that  this  church  and  the 
Hami)ton  House  are  the  best  tw^o  buildings  of  the  period 
in  the  village,  and  that  the  artist  Nathan  Rogers  should 
have  built  the  one  and  been  on  the  building  committee 
of  the  other.  * 

lor,  1884-6;  C.  W.  Powell,  1887;  J.  W.  Maynard,  1888-90;  J.  W. 
Peck,  1891;  F.  L.  Townsend,  1892;  L.  K.  Moore,  1893-5;  (United 
revival  meetings  added  about  100  each  to  the  Methodist  and  Pres- 
byterian Churches)  F.  B.  Stockdale,  1896-7;  W.  E.  Schofield,  1898- 
1900;  W.  H.  Barton,  1901-6;  H.  H.  Dubois,  1907-10;  Henry  Mcdd, 
1911-15;   Chas.  S.  Gray,  Apr.,  1916  to  date. 

t  The  first  church  stood  on  Ocean  Road,  a  little  north  of  the 
present  Kahle  place.  Soon  after  1831  a  new  one  was  built  on  the 
Triangular  Common  dedicated  June,  1833.  This  was  moved  to  its 
present  site  1871,  and  enlarged.  The  pastors  have  been:  Reuben 
Harris,  John  Trippet,  Samuel  Merwin,  C.  B.  Sing,  Geo.  Hollis,  S. 
Rushmore,  Wm.  Wake,  L.  D.  Nickerson,  Wm.  Bangs,  J.  O.  Worth, 
J.  S.  Haugh,  Wm.  Lawrence,  J.  Stanley  D'Orsay,  C.  W.  Gallagher, 
G.  A.  Graves,  W.  W.  McGuire,  E.  H.  Dutcher,  A.  C.  Bowdish,  John 
Brien,  W.  T.  Hall,  Wm.  M.  CaiT,  A.  A.  Lathabury,  T.  J.  Shackelton, 
T.  L.  Price,  H.  Blatz,  W.  C.  Wilson,  Geo.  L.  Thompson,  A.  M. 
Wilkins,  J.  W.  Eggleston,  J.  A.  Swann. 

%  The  building  committee  consisted  of  Alfred  Pierson,  Henry 
White,  Nathan  Rogers,  Hugh  Halsey,  Luther  Halsey  and  David 
Halsey  in  addition  to  the  Trustees.  Richard  Halsey,  Sullivan  Cook 
and  Jas.  H.  Topping.  Following  Mr.  Woolworth,  the  pastors  have 
been:  Amzi  Francis,  born  West  Hartford,  Ct.,  July  31,  1793,  or- 
dained here  Apr.  17,  1823,  (began  work  here  1822),  died  here 
Oct.  18,  1845;  Cornelius  H.  Edgar,  D.  D.,  born  Rahway,  N.  J.,  1811, 
ordained  here  June  10.  1846,  resigned  Oct.  2,  1853,  died  Easton,  Pa., 
Dec.  22,  1884;  David  M.  Miller,  born  Elizabcthtown,  N.  J.,  June  12, 
1827,  ordained  here  Apr.  27,  1854,  died  here  June  29,  1855;  Thos. 
M.  Gray,  installed  here,  Apr.  23,  1856.  left  Apr.  10,  1866;  Wm.  P. 
Strickland,  D.  D.,  born  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Aug.  17,  1809,  supplied 
here  May  13,  1866,  installed  Oct.  5.  1875,  retired  Oct.  22,  1878;  Sup- 
plies between  1878  and  Mar.  1,  1883,  Samuel  Dodd,  Mr.  Schaff,  Mr. 
Frissoll,  Giles  P.  Hawley;  Mar.  1,  1883,  to  date,  Rev.  Arthur 
Newman. 

*  Nathan  Rogers  was  born  at  Bridgehampton  Aug.  1,  1787, 
son  of  John  T.  Rogers.    He  was  early  apprenticed  to  a  shipbuilder 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  225 

In  the  same  period  churches  of  new  denominations 
were  also  founded  in  Sag  Harbor,  the  Roman  Cathohcs 
buying  the  old  Methodist  Church  there  in  1836  *  and 
the  Episcopalians  the  old  Presbyterian  Church  in  1846.  f 

For  the  nuisic  in  the  churches  early  in  the  century, 
there  were  few  printed  books  and  those  few  would  be 
borrowed  and  carefully  copied  out  by  hand,  words  and 
nuisic  l)oth,  with  a  quill  pen,  each  girl  making  her  own, 
and  many   of  these   manuscript   volumes   are   still  pre- 

at  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  where  his  work  was  "to  keep  accounts,  pay  off 
the  workmen  and  serve  out  the  grog."  A  severe  accident  to  his 
knee  prevented  his  continuing  and  he  returned  to  Bridgehanipton. 
On  a  visit  to  Connecticut,  he  took  some  paints  with  him  and  began 
to  work  on  miniatures.  The  family  who  gave  him  his  start  there 
was  that  of  Capt.  Danforth  Clark  of  Saybrook.  He  went  to  New 
York  and  studied  under  Wood,  who  v/ent  to  Philadelphia,  leaving 
Rogers  the  field  in  New  York.  Dunlap  (Hist,  of  the  Rise  and 
Progress  of  the  Arts  of  Design  in  the  U.  S.  1834,  Vol.  II,  pp.  251-3) 
states  that  he  "has  long  been  of  the  first  in  rank  among  American 
miniature  painters."  He  was  a  member  of  the  National  Academy 
and  acquired  a  fortune.  Married,  1818,  Caroline  Matilda,  dau.  of 
Samuel  Denison  of  Sag  Haibor.  Returned  to  Bridgehampton,  built 
the  Hampton  House  and  died  there  Dec.  G,  1844. 

*  In  1824  there  were  75  Catholics  in  Sag  Harbor  but  it  is 
unknown  when  m.ass  was, first  celebrated.  After  purchase  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  they  worshipped  there  until  1872,  when  the 
present  Church,  St.  Andrews,  and  rectory,  were  built,  the  former 
enlarged  and  rededicated  in  1892.  The  priests  have  been  Fathers 
Cummusky,  Byrne,  O'Donnell,  Larkin,  Curran,  McGinniss,  O'Neill, 
Brunneman.  McKenna,  O'Callaghan,  Heffernan,  Dennison,  Guerin, 
Jordan,  White,  Long,  Ccnklin  and  Holran.  The  sisters  of  the 
Sacred  Heart  of  Mary  established  themselves  in  their  convent  Mar. 
1,  1877,  and  built  a  chapel  in  1888. 

t  Several  churches  in  Brooklyn  united  in  the  Spi-ing  of  1845 
in  sending  Rev.  Henry  Floyd  Roberts  as  a  missionary  to  Sag 
Harbor.  Services  were  held  in  the  Session  Room  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  (now  the  Village  Hall).  Charter  obta^'ned  Dec.  2, 
1845,  and  old  Presbyterian  Church  bought  1846,  consecrated  in  Dec. 
by  Rt.  Rev.  L.  S.  Ives,  Bishop  of  No.  Caro'ina.  The  new  church  was 
built  1884-5  (corner  stone  laid  by  Bishop  Littlejohn,  July  23,  1884) 
and  Parish  House  (gift  of  the  late  Jas.  Herman  Aldrich)  in  1912. 
The  Rectory  was  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Aldrich  and  was  built  1914.  The 
Rectors  have  been:  Revs.  H.  F.  Roberts,  1845  to  Apr.,  1847;  Rich- 
ard Whittingham,  1847-Feb.,  1849;  Geo.  C.  Foote,  Feb.,  1850-Oct. 
1,  1852;  Isaac  Pardee,  Jan.  1,  1853-Nov.,  1854;  Gurden  Huntmgton, 
June,  1856-Mar.,  1864;  Wm.  Mowbray,  Mar.,  1864- Apr.,  1865;  Dr. 
David  McDonald,  1865-Aug.,  1869;  Edward  Hubbel,  Jan.  1,  1870- 
May,  1872;  Wm.  Mowbray,  1872-July,  1875;  J.  J.  Harrison,  Sept.  1, 
1875-July  1,  1884;  Wm.  B.  Walker,  Oct.  28,  1884-Nov.,  1885;  J.  B. 
Jennings,  Jan.  11,  1886-Nov.  1,  1887;  J.  W.  Smith,  Apr.  6,  1888- 
June  1,  1890;  Gordon  T.  Lewis,  1891-1909;  Francis  V.  Baer,  1909 
to  date. 


226  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOH'N   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

served  about  here.  In  church  the  hvnins  were  always 
"hned  out"  to  the  congregation,  the  note  being  given  by 
a  pitch  pipe.  Of  Deacon  Jeremiah  Haynes,  who  led  the 
music  in  the  Rridgehampton  church  a  century  ago,  we 
read  that  tiie  choir  occupied  the  front  .seats  of  the  gal- 
lery on  all  three  sides  and  that  "in  the  center  of  the  one 
facing  the  pulpit  stood  the  deacon;  on  his  right  was  the 
counter;  on  his  left  stood  the  tenor;  flanking  the 
counter  was  the  treble,  and  opposite  that  the  bass.  At 
the  close  of  the  reading  of  the  hymn,  the  deacon  an- 
nounced the  tune  in  a  voice  to  be  heard  by  all  his  forces, 
and  consequently  by  all  the  congregation.  Then  raising 
his  pitch  pipe  he  gave  the  key  note,  and  turning  to  each 
part,  and  inclining  his  head  toward  them  gave  each  their 
sound.  If  either  part  failed  to  start  right,  his  cjuick  ear 
caught  the  discord,  and  with  a  tap,  tap,  tap  on  his  pitch 
pipe  stopped  them  short  and  took  a  new  start."  * 

The  above  account,  in  somewhat  rambling  fashion, 
gives  the  more  important  events  in  the  storv  of  the 
T(~)wn  and  pictures  its  life  during  the  first  half  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  f  The  leading  fact  in  the  history  of 
that  period,  however,  was  the  development  of  the  whal- 
ing industry,  which  can  be  more  adequately  treated  as  a 
complete  narrative  in  itself  in  the  following  chapter. 

♦  Paper  by  Henry  M.  Rose,  Express,  Dec.  30,  188(5. 

t  Nathan  Sanford,  probably  the  most  disting'uished  citizen  the 
Town  has  produced,  belongs  to  this  period.  He  was  bom  at  Bridge- 
hampton  Nov.  5,  1777.  He  studied  at  Yale  but  did  not  graduate. 
He  was  admitted  to  ihe  bar  in  17!)!)  and  practiced  in  New  York  City. 
Served  as  U.  S.  Commissioner  in  bankruptcy  in  1802;  U.  S'.  District 
Atty.  1803-16;  Member  State  Assembly,  1810-11;  Speaker,  1811; 
State  Senator,  1812-15;  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, 1821,  where  he  introduced  the  amendment  adopted  abolish- 
ing the  property  qualification  for  voters;  was  Chancellor  of  the 
State,  1823-25;  was  Dem.  U.  S.  Senator  from  New  York,  1815-21, 
and  served  a  second  term  in  the  same  office,  1825-31.  He  was 
married  three  times,  his  third  wife  being  Mary  Buchanan,  whom  he 
married  in  the  White  House,  President  J.  Q.  Adams  being  her 
nearest  relative.  He  received  the  honorary  degre  of  LL.  D.  from 
Columbia  in  1823  and  died  at  Flushing  Oct.  17,  1838.  In  the  Presi- 
dential election  of  1824  he  received  30  votes  in  the  Electoral  College 
for  Vice  President.  In  1822  he  was  suggested  as  Minister  to  one  of 
the  South  American  countries  and  in  1823  as  a  possibility  for 
Minister  to  France  by  the  President.  See  Memoirs  of  J.  Q.  Adams; 
Lamb's  Biographical  Dictionary;  Hammond's  Political  Parties  in 
New  York  State;    Stanwood  Hist,  of  Presidential  Elections,  Etc. 


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3  I- 

3(ti 
V. 


CHAPTER  XI 
GROWTH  AND  DECLINE  OF  THE  WHALING  INDUSTRY 

In  the  earliest  days  of  the  settlement,  whaling  al- 
ready formed  one  of  the  industries  of  the  little  colony, 
whales  at  that  time  being  fairly  plentiful  off  the  coast 
and  by  no  means  as  shy  as  they  subsequently  became 
after  much  hunting.  Even  before  the  coming  of  the 
whites,  the  Indians  had  practiced  whale  tishing  in  a 
primitive  fashion,  which  is  described  for  us  in  Way- 
mouth's  Journal  of  his  voyage  to  America  in  1605: 

"One  especial  thing,"  he  says,  speaking  of  the  In- 
dians, "is  their  manner  of  killing  the  whale,  which  they 
call  powdawe ;  and  will  describe  his  form;  how  he 
bloweth  up  the  water;  and  that  he  is  twelve  fathoms 
long;  and  that  they  go  in  company  of  their  king  with  a 
multitude  of  their  boats;  and  strike  him  with  a  bone, 
made  in  fashion  of  a  harping  iron  fastened  to  a  rope, 
which  they  make  great  and  strong  of  the  bark  of  trees, 
which  they  veer  out  after  him ;  then  all  their  boats 
come  about  him  as  he  riseth  above  water,  with  their 
arrows  they  shoot  him  to  death;  when  thev  have  killed 
him  and  dragged  him  to  shore,  they  call  all  their  chief 
lords  together  and  sing  a  song  of  joy;  and  those  chief 
lords,  whom  they  call  sagamores,  divide  the  spoil  and 
give  to  every  man  a  share,  which  pieces  so  distributed, 
they  hang  up  about  their  houses  for  provisions;  and 
when  they  boil  them,  they  boil  off  the  fat  and  put  to 
their  pease,  maize  and  other  pulse  which  they  eat."  * 

*  Quoted  in  Starbuck. 


228  HISTORY  UF  THE  TO  UN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

They  had  a  particular  fondness  for  the  fins  and  tails 
when  roasted,  and  these  were  considered  one  of  the 
most  acceptable  offerings  which  they  could  make  to 
their  deities.  The  retention  of  these  tidbits  was  often 
made  part  of  their  agreements  with  the  whites,  and  in 
the  deed  given  by  them  for  the  Alontauk  peninsula  it 
was  specified  that  they  were  "to  have  the  fynns  and  tails 
of  all  such  whales  as  shall  be  cast  up."  t 

To  the  Town  of  Southampton  probably  belongs 
the  distinction  of  first  organizing  whaling  as  an  industry, 
and  so  far  as  T  have  been  able  to  discover,  the  earliest 
])icture  of  whaling  in  America  is  the  little  design  in  the 
Thornton  Map  which  is  reproduced  in  this  volume,  and 
which  happens  to  show  a  primitive  whale  chase  off  the 
Southampton  coast. 

The  first  step  toward  organizing  the  business  seems 
to  have  been  taken  in  1644  when  it  was  ordered  "for  the 
prevention  of  disorder"  that  the  Town  should  be  divided 
into  four  wards,  with  eleven  persons  in  each  ward.  *  two 
of  whom  should  be  chosen  by  lot  to  cut  up  any  drift 
whales  cast  up  on  the  beach,  and  also  that  after  storms 
and  at  other  times  persons  should  be  deputed  to  i)atrol 
the  beach  looking  for-whales.  %    These  regulations  were 

t  E.  H.  T,  R,  Vol.  I,  p.  3. 

*  "ffor  the  first  ward  William  Barnes,  Geo.  Wood,  Thomas 
Cooper,  Richard  Stratton,  Job  Sayre,  Thomas  Burnet,  John  White, 
William  Mulford,  Thomas  Halsey,  Junr.,  Thomas  Talmage,  Senr., 
and  Mr.  Johnes. 

2.  ffor  ye  second  ward,  Richard  laques,  Thomas  Talma^^e, 
Junr.,  Mr.  Pierson,  Robert  Rose,  Mr.  Gosmer,  Thomas  Halsey, 
Senr.,  Mr.  Stanborou8:h,  Richard  Barret,  Richard  Post,  Thomas 
Tomson,  Robert  Talmage. 

3.  ffor  the  third  ward  Richard  Gosmer,  Arthur  Bostock,  Henry 
Pierson,  John  Hande,  Thomas  Hyldreth,  John  Mulford,  John  Moore, 
Ellis  Cook,  Robert  Bond,  ffulk  Davies  &  Mr.  Howe. 

4.  ffor  the  fourth  ward,  John  Cooper,  Senr.,  Tristrum  Hedges, 
John  Cooper,  Junr.,  John  Cory,  Mr.  Howell,  Mr.  Odell,  John  Howell, 
Richard  Smith  &  Thomas  Sayre."    T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  32. 

:1:  T.  R.  Vol.  I,  pp.  31  et  seq.  "Yf  by  the  providence  of  God 
there  should  be  henceforth  within  the  bounds  of  this  plantation 
any  whale  or  whales  cast  up,  ffor  the  prevention  of  disorder  yt  is 
consented  unto  that  there  shall  be  fowre  wards  in  this  towne, 
eleaven  persons  in  each  ward,  and  by  lott  two  of  each  ward  (if  any 
such  whales  be  cast  up)  shall  be  employed  for  the  cutting  out  of 
the  sayd  whales;  who  for  their  paynes  shall  have  a  double  share, 
and  for  every  Inhabitant  with  his  child  or  servant  that  is  above 
sixteen  years  of  age,  shall  have,  in  the  division  of  the  other  part  an 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  229 

slightly  altered  in  1645,  when  it  was  ordered  that  no  man 
should  take  any  part  of  a  drift  whale  under  penalty  of 
20s.  fine,  and  that  whoever  should  find  any  whales  cast 
up  should  notify  the  Magistrate  and  receive  5s.  for  his 
trouble,  provided,  how^ever,  if  it  "were  upon  the  lord's 
daye  that  then  the  aforesaid  five  shillings  shall  not  be 
due  and  payable."*  The  amusingly  canny  intent  of 
this  clause  is  obvious. 

A  couple  of  years  later  it  was  ordered  that  "the 
])rofit  of  whales  and  the  burthen  of  opening  the  beach 
for  the  mill,  and  all  rates,  levyes,  and  taxes,  the  killing 
of  wolves  and  all  other  payments  arising  for  any  cause 
or  reason  whatsoever  shall  ...  be  divided,  re- 
ceived and  payed  by  lands  according  to  what  every  man 
hath  in  his  possession."  f 

So  far  there  is  nothing  to  indicate  that  the  people 
did  anything  save  to  gratefully  accept  such  whales  as 
were  by  hard  luck  and  the  kindness  of  Providence  cast 
up  on  the  beach,  of  which  there  must  have  been  many, 
judging  by  the  frequent  legislation  on  the  suljject.  In 
1650,  however,  there  appears  the  record  of  the  forma- 
tion of  the  first  private  company  in  the  whaling  industry 
in  America,  and  it  is  evident  that  this  company,  com- 
posed of  John  Ogden  and  others,  contemplated  going 

equall  proportion,  provided  that  such  person  when  yt  falls  in  to  his 
ward  [be]  a  sufficient  man  to  be  imployed  about  yt.  And  yt  is  further 
agreed  upon  that  there  shall  be  in  each  ward  eleven  persons.  .  . 
.  Yt  is  further  ordered  that  Mr.  Howell,  Mr.  Gosmer  and  Robert 
Bond  shall  give  notice  after  any  storm  or  according  to  their  dis- 
cretion unto  two  persons  as  they  are  before  mentioned,  and  so 
from  tyme  to  tyme  unto  two  other  persons,  one  of  which  two  shall 
goe  to  viewe  and  espie  yf  there  be  any  whales  cast  up  as  far  as 
the  South  Harbor  and  the  other  shall  go  unto  the  third  pond  beyond 
Mecocks,  begining  at  the  windmill.  And  yf  any  person  (whose 
turn  it  is)  who  hath  Information  to  goe  upon  discovery  and  shall 
not  faythfuUy  performe  the  same  shall  eyther  pay  ten  shilling.^  or 
be  whipped."    T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  41. 

*  T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  41. 

t  T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  44.  (1647)  This  interesting  basis  of  division 
by  lands  was  retained  the  next  year  (Dec,  1648)  when  it  was 
ordered  that  the  Town  should  be  divided  into  four  quarters  and 
each  quarter  should,  in  rotation,  take  charge  of  cutting  up  any 
whale  cast  ashore,  the  quarter  receiving  for  their  trouble  one- 
fourth  of  the  whale,  and  yet  sharing,  on  the  land  basis,  with  all  the 
others  in  the  remainder.  T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  53.  There  was  a  new 
arrangement  made  in  1653.    T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  91. 


230  HISTURY  01-  TflE  TUliN  OF  SUUTHAMFTON 

out  to  sea  to  seek  out  the  whales,  leaving  those  which 
might  drift  onto  shore  to  the  Town  as  before.  This  ex- 
clusi\e  privilege  was  renewed,  with  slight  modifications 
to  "Mr.  Odell  aiul  Mr.  Ogden  and  their  company"  in 
1654,  and  in  U)5(S  there  was  a  new  and  more  detailed 
agreement  with  a  company  which,  though  unnamed, 
was  doubtless  Mr.  Ogden's.  || 

The  following  year  W'yandanch  and  his  son  sold  to 
Lyon  Gardiner  "all  the  bodys  and  bones  of  all  the  whales 
that  shall  come  upon  the  land  or  come  ashore  from  the 
place  called  Kitchaminfchoke  unto  the  place  called 
Enoughquanuck,  only  the  lins  and  tayles  of  all,  we  re- 
serve for  ourselves  and  Indians  for  the  space  of  21 
years."  *  This  agreement  was  assigned  to  Anthony 
Waters  of  Southampton,  who  in  turn  sold  and  assigned 
it  to  Thomas  Coojjcr  "in  consideration  of  the  horse  hee 
last  broke  come  3  years  old."  f 

This,  however,  was  again  a  matter  of  drift  whales 
but  in  1667  by  much  the  most  ambitious  attempt  yet 
made  was  undertaken  by  a  company,  including  John 
Cooper,  which  agreed  to  procure  a  vessel  with  a  crew  of 
13  men  and  a  boy  to  make  a  voyage  "for  the  termc  of 
six  months  certaine  and  eight  months  uncertain 
to  Roanoak  or  those  parts  upon  the  design  of  killing  or 
getting  whales  or  great  fish  for  ye  procureing  of  oyle."  % 

The  season  for  the  work  off  the  coast  here  was  from 
November  to  April,  and  in  1669  Samuel  Ma\erick  wrote 
that  "on  the  east  end  of  Long  Island  12  or  13  whales 

II  "30  Jan.,  1650.  It  is  ordered  at  the  saide  general]  court 
that  Mr.  John  Ogden  Senior  of  Northampton  [North  Sea — the 
Atlantic  was  called  the  South  Sea]  shall  have  free  liberty  without 
interruption  from  the  Inhabitants  of  Southampton  to  kill  whales 
upon  the  South  Sea  at  or  within  any  part  of  the  bounds  of  the  said 
towne  for  the  space  of  seaven  years  next  ensuing  the  date  hereof  & 
that  in  that  space  noe  liberty  shall  be  granted  to  any  by  the  said 
inhabitants  to  any  other  person  or  persons  .  .  .  provided  that 
he  or  his  company  doe  proceed  in  the  same  design  and  do  not  delay 
but  do  somewhat  effectual  in  the  business  within  a  yeare,  as  alsoe 
the  said  Mr.  John  Ogden  nor  his  company  shall  not  deny  the  townes 
inhabitants  claiming  priviledge  fonnerly  belonging  to  them  in  the 
dead  whales  yt  shall  be  accidentally  cast  upon  the  shoares."  T.  R. 
Vol.  I,  p.  70.     Also  pp.  71  and  126. 

*     T.  R.  Vol.  I.  p.  34. 

t     T.  R.  Vol.  I,  p.  36. 

%     T.  K.  \ol.  I,  p.  50. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  231 

were  taken  before  the  end  of  March."  §  It  was  about 
this  time,  apparently,  that  the  industry  was  becoming 
really  profitable,  for  in  1672  the  three  Eastern  Towns  in 
a  petition  to  King  Charles  stated  that  they  had  "en- 
deavoured above  these  twenty  years,  but  could  not  bring 
it  to  any  perfection  till  within  these  2  or  3  yeares  last 
past"  II  and  evidences  of  activity  also  steadily  increase 
from  now  on  in  the  records  of  agreements  with  individ- 
ual Indians  to  go  to  sea  upon  the  "whale  design."  * 

With  the  growth  of  the  industry,  the  attention  of 
the  governors  at  New  York  was  called  to  it  and  efforts 
were  made  to  o1)tain  a  revenue  from  it,  which,  however, 
so  over-reached  themselves  that  the  industry  was  nearly 
ruined.  These  culminated  in  1711  when  Gov.  Hunter, 
after  requiring  all  Southampton  companies  to  take  out 
licenses  from  himself,  claimed  and  took  one-half  of  all 
the  oil  and  bone  of  captured  whales,  and  granted  to  one 
Richard  Wood  exclusive  possession  of  all  stranded 
whales,  reserving  to  himself  one-half  also  of  these.  In 
1716  Samuel  Mulford  of  Easthampton,  journeyed  to 
England  and  succeeded  in  having  the  Governor's  claims 
denied.  It  is  related  that  at  first  he  found  it  hard  to  gain 
a  hearing  as  a  provincial  and  a  stranger  in  that  great 

§  Letter  to  Col.  Nicholls,  Whitehall,  dated  Apr.,  1669.  Cal. 
State  Papers  Col.  Ser.  1669-74,  p.  20. 

II  N.  Y.  Col.  Docts.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  197.  By  1687  there  were  7 
companies  engaged  in  whaling  with  try  works  as  follows:  Lt. 
Henry  Pierson  &  Co.,  Sagaponack;  John  Cook  &  Co.,  Mecox;  Isaac 
Raynor  &  Co.,  Wickapogue;  Francis  Sayre  &  Co.,  Southampton; 
Joseph  Pierson  &  Co.,  Shinnecock  Point;  Thos.  Stephens  &  Co., 
Quogue;   John  Jessup  &  Co.,  Ketchaponack. 

*  Among  many  agreements  which  might  be  cited  are  those 
of  John  Howell,  Joseph  Raynor,  Richard  Howell  and  their  part- 
ners in  1670  with  Paquanag  and  other  Shinnecock  Indians  to  whale 
for  the  company  for  three  years  for  the  same  pay  as  the  past  three 
years,  and  in  addition  each  to  have  an  iron  pot  such  as  John  Cooper 
gave  his  Indians.  In  the  same  year,  Towsacum  and  Philip,  Indians, 
hired  themselves  to  Josias  Laughton  to  whale  off  Mecox  for  each 
season  for  3  Indian  coats,  1  pr.  of  shoes,  "or  a  buck  neck  to  make 
them,"  1  pr.  of  stockings,  3  lbs.  of  shot,  1%  lbs.  of  powder  and  a 
bushel  of  Indian  corn.  The  agreements  in  1675  allowed  the  In- 
dians a  half  share  in  the  catch,  the  whites  to  provide  the  utensils 
and  do  the  carting.  T.  R.  Vol.  II,  p.  197.  The  Indians  seemed  to 
show  a  special  aptitude  for  the  work  and  long  continued  it,  the 
last,  Moses  Walker,  a  blooded  Montauk  of  Sag  Harbor,  being  lost 
on  the  New  Bedford  whaler  Amethyst,  of  which  he  was  mate,  in 
the  Arctic,  1887. 


232  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

capital,  and  even  had  his  pockets  picked  several  times, 
tradition  recordin^Sf  that  he  then  sewed  fish  hooks  in 
them  iind  so  caught  the  next  offender,  an  exploit  which 
gave  him  great  notoriety  and  a  considerable  vogue,  and 
greatly  facilitated  his  mission.  * 

For  the  next  half  century  "boat  whaling"  off  the 
coast  was  kept  up  so  constantly  as  to  cause  the  whales 

*  The    following    letter    from    Daniel    Sayre    to    "Mr.    George 
Clark,  Chiefe  Secretary  att  New  Yorke"  gives  details  of  the  in- 
dustry at  that  time.     (N.  Y.  Col.  Mss.  54:188.) 
"Hond.  Sr. 

After  humble  Service  These  may  Enform  you  that  I  sent  yojn 
a  2d  Leter  but  fearing  it  may  not  be  Come  to  your  hand,  these  may 
Enform  you  Concerning  ye  Oyl. 

1:  Daniel  Miller  Saith  that  mr.  John  Gardiner's  Company  of 
eighteen  men  &  Mr.  Samll  Mulfords  company  of  twenty  foure  men 
have  goten  Aboute  two  barrills  a  man. 

2  and:  Capt.  Theophylus  Howell,  Elisha  Howell  &  Lemuel 
Howell  with  twelve  men  in  thare  Company  hath  got  twenty  two 
ban-ills  of  oyl.  I  am  informed  by  Joseph  Moor  Junr  one  of  ye 
same  Company. 

3  and:  Capt.  Josia  Toping,  Theoder  Pierson,  Stephen  toping,  & 
Hezeciah  Toping  hath  seven  barrills  as  Theoder  Person  enforms  me 
to  twelve  men. 

4.  Jolin  Michell,  Thos.  Sanford,  Benjamin  Howell,  Thos. 
Howell,  twelve  men  in  Company  by  Comon  Fame  have  Seven  bar- 
rills to  thare  Company. 

5.  Isaac  Rainer,  Daniel  Halsey,  Jonathan  Howell,  &  Edward 
Howell  with  twelve  men  in  the  Whale  Company  have  twenty  fore 
barrills  as  John  Sayre  enforms  me. 

6.  Thomas  Halsey  enforms  me  that  twenty  foure  men  in  Com- 
pany Thomas  Stephens  Jame  Coper  Henry  person  &  Ichabod  Sayre 
being  owners  have  gote  two  barrills  and  half  to  A  man. 

7.  Hezeciah  Howell,  Samll  Johnes  &  John  Co^er  in  Company 
of  twelve  men  have  foure  barrills  A  man  as  Thos.  Halsey  enforms 
me  &  Hezeciah  Howell  Draws  one  halfe  of  it. 

8.  Justis  Richard  Smith  &  Israeli  Howell  &  moses  Culver  12 
men  in  Company  have  twenty  nine  barrills  &  %  of  oyle  they  lost 
thare  bone  by  ye  conue  overseting.  Richard  Smith  Draws  halfe  ye 
boat  share.     I  am  enformed  by  Abraham  Coper. 

Collanel  Floyds  and  the  Rest  of  Setooket  mens  oyl  I  have  no 
certain  account  of.     Nor  at  Islips  what  they  have  thare. 

Sr.  you  Wrought  to  me  concerning  ye  Drifts,  thare  hath  bin 
but  one  this  year  of  About  20  barrills  as  Capt.  Stephs  had  ac- 
quainted his  Excelcy  as  he  told  me  but  If  you  please  to  Impower  me, 
I  will  take  all  ye  care  I  can  of  ye  Queans  Whales  for  ye  future  for 
Capt.  Stephens  I  think  will  take  care  no  more  in  this  World  he  being 
very  Dangerously  Sick  if  not  dead.  Which  with  my  humble  Deuty 
to  his  Excy  is  offered  by 

Yor  most  humble  Servant 
Daniel  Sayre 
Brighampton 

Aprill  ye  18th  1711. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  233 

to  become  both  very  scarce  and  shy,  and  cruises  further 
out  to  sea  became  necessary,  so  that  in  1760,  we  find 
the  sloops  Good  Luck,  Success  and  Dolphin,  owned  by 
Joseph  Conklin,2:,  John  Foster  and  others,  cruising  in  the 
Atlantic.  *  These  were  small  vessels,  not  fully 
equipped,  and  the  blubber  had  to  be  brought  ashore  to 
l)e  "tried  out,"  the  earliest  vessel  fitted  with  try  works 
on  board  being  the  Hof>c,  sent  out  in  1784  by  the  Gardi- 
ners.  The  first  vessel  to  sail  after  the  Revolution,  how- 
ever, was  the  little  schooner  Baglc,  Capt.  Ephraim  Ford- 
ham,  for  cruises  oiT  the  South  coast  of  the  Island.  Sag 
Harbor  owners  re-entered  the  business,  which  had  been 
seriously  interfered  with  by  the  war,  t  in  1785,  sloops 
and  schooners  then  giving  place  to  brigs,  and  a  decade 
later  to  ships,  the  voyages  for  many  years  being  off  the 
coast  of  Brazil.  Necessity,  however,  gradually  com- 
pelled the  search  for  newer  grounds  and  the  coast  of 
Japan  was  visited  in  1819,  Zanzibar  in  1828.  Kamschatka 
in  1843,  while  in  1848  Capt.  Royce,  of  Sag  Harbor,  in  the 
1:)ark  Superior  passed  through  Behring  Strait.  The 
length  of  the  voyages  also  steadily  increased  until  by  the 
time  the  terrible  disaster  overtook  the  Arctic  fieet  in 
1871;  %  ships  occasionally  stayed  out  as  long  as  six  years 
and  then  returned  with  only  a  part  cargo. 

During  the  first^half  of  the  century,  the  industry 
suffered  severe  set-backs  in  the  War  of  1812,  the  fire 
in  Sag  Harbor  in  1817,  and  the  terrible  one  in  the  same 
village  in  1845,  in  which  latter  fifty-seven  shops,  stores 
and  warehouses,  as  well  as  manv  other  buildings,  were 
'destroyed  and  a  loss  of  $200,000' to  $250,000  incurred.  § 
The  period  of  greatest  prosperity  in  the  business,  how- 
ever, was  the  decade  from  1837  to  1847,  culminating  in 
the  latter  year.  The  Sag  Harbor  fleet  numbered  fifty 
vessels,    (with  eleven  more  from  Greenport  registered 

*  For  a  list  of  whaling  voyages  out  of  Sag  Harbor,  see  Ap- 
pendix XVIII. 

t  Apparently,  however,  Starbuck's  statement  that  Sag  Harbor 
lost  one  or  more  vessels  by  capture  is  incorrect. 

X  Thirty-four  were  caught  in  the  ice  off  Point  Belcher  and 
1,200  seamen  wrecked. 

§  Fire  started  12.30  A.  M.  Nov.  14,  1845.  Hedges,  Sag  Har- 
bor Address,  pp.  25  et  sea.  The  Sag  Harbor  Fire  Dept.  is  the 
oldest  organized  in  Suffolk  County,  dating  from  1819. 


234  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

in  its  custom  house),  and  during  the  ten  years  brought 
in  cargoes  vakied  at  $6,500,000,  of  which  nearly  a  mil- 
hon  was  ])rought  in  in  1847.  f  Tn  that  year,  there  were 
thirty-twoarrix  als,  five  ships  returning  on  one  day  alone 
and  dropping  anchor  in  Gardiner's  Bay. 

Of  the  now  (luict  \illage  in  those  busy  days,  I  quote 
the  following  picture  from  the  pen  of  a  Sag  Harbor  man, 
Mr.  H.  D.  Sleight,  who  wrote :  %  "\\'hat  a  scene  of  bust- 
ling activity  the  w  harves  and  streets  of  Sag  Harbor  pre- 
sented when  the  cry  of  'Ship  in  the  bay'  was  heard. 
Custom  set  a  color  on  Beebe's  mill,  in  Suffolk  Street,  and 
the  lighthouse  keeper  at  Cedar  Island  Hew  the  Stars 
and  Stripes  to  the  breezes.  Everybody  rushed  to  the 
waterfront  to  learn  what  ship  or  ships  had  returned. 
The  owners,  aristocrats  dressed  in  long-tailed  coats  and 
plug  hats  would  embark  in  a  small  sloop  and  go  down  to 
the  lighthouse  to  be  the  first  to  board  the  returning 
voyagers.  If  deejdy  laden,  some  \essels  had  to  be  light- 
ened before  coming  in  to  Long  Wharf.  And  then  came 
the  discharging  of  cargoes.  There  was  work  for  every- 
body. The  oil  and  bone  was  transferred  to  packet 
sloops  after  being  set  ashore  for  gauging.  The  ships 
were  pro\isioned  and  refitted  for  the  outward  bound 
voyage.  Battered  and  weather-beaten  the  vessels  went 
into  the  hands  of  the  workmen.  They  were  hove  down 
to  be  sheathed  and  recoppered.  Riggers,  carpenters, 
masons,  coopers,  caulkers,  iron-workers  found  ropes  and 
spars  to  be  replaced,  timbers  and  planks  to  be  renewed, 
try  works  to  be  set  up,  casks  to  l)e  stowed,  seams  to  be 
caulked  and  pitched,  and  gear  to  be  replaced.  Painters 
swarmed  over  the  hull,  and  grocers'  and  warehouse 
clerks  and  supercargoes  ran  to  and  fro  taking  orders  and 
delivering  prt)\  isicMis.  I'.ach  ship  had  to  l)e  watered  and 
a  whale  ship  carried  many  thousand  gallons  of  the  in- 
dispensable fluid,  as  many  months  elapsed  before  port 

t  The  leadini:;  firms  at  that  time  were  Marcus  B.  Osborne, 
S.  &  B.  Huntting,  Mulford  &  Sleight,  Charles  T.  Derinf>r  &  Co., 
Luther  D.  Cook,  Huntting  Cooper,  S'.  &  N.  Howell,  Josiah  Douglas 
&  W.  G.  Howell,  John  Budd,  Cook  &  Green,  Tiffany  &  Halsey,  Post 
&  Sherry,  Mulford  &  Howell,  Thomas  Brown,  Ezekiel  Mulford,  S. 
L.  L'Hommedieu. 

X  Mr.  Sleight  published  an  exceedingly  valuable  series  of 
articles  on  the  whaling  business  in  the  Corrector  in  1906. 


Captain  Mercator  Cooper 


^  ^UB; 


IBRARY 


ASTOR,   LENOX 
riLDEN    fOCNDATIONSj 


HISTORY  Ot  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  235 

would  be  made  again.  *  .  .  .  Portuguese  sailors, 
Havvaiians,  Fijians,  Malays,  Ethiopians  and  Montauk 
and  Shinnecock  Indians,  a  motley  crew,  all  good  whale- 
men, walked  the  streets,  showing  scrim-shawn  work  and 
gim-cracks,  flush  with  money,  spending  and  giving  away 
lavishly.  Drunk  but  good-natured  they  rolled  along  the 
Main  Street  promenade,  laboring  like  ships  in  a  heavy 
gale,  literally  'half  seas  over.'  The  frolic  ended  all  too 
soon.  A  fortnight  ashore,  or  maybe  longer,  and  the 
whalemen  were  away  again  for  two  and  three  year 
cruises.  Often  the  Kanakas  and  Indians  became  rum 
crazed.  They  were  then  taken  and  locked  up  al)oard  the 
ships  at  anchor  in  the  l)ay,  and  to  this  day  the  anchorage 
ground  is  called  'Indian  Jail"  and  the  headland  of  North 
Haxen,  close  l)v,  recei\ed  the  name  of  'Sulk's  Neck.' 
[Sullen  Point].''  t 

The  very  next  year,  however,  marked  the  beginning 
of  the  long  decline.  In  1848  ship  after  ship  returned 
from  voyages  of  from  two  to  four  years  as  losing  ven- 
tures. People  turned  to  manufacturing  and  other  lines 
of  business,  but  unsuccessfully  in  competition  with  New 

*  "Previous  to  1827  the  Aqueduct  Co.  had  a  pumping  station 
near  the  foot  of  Division  St.  at  the  corner  of  Bay  St.  Pipes  ran 
down  on  Long  Wharf  to  supply  the  ships  with  water;  a  horse 
travelled  around  in  a  circle  and  worked  hn  apparatus  that  ran  the 
pump."  A  steam  engine  was  installed  later,  and  the  Co.  operated 
as  late  as  1850.  Before  it  was  formed  the  ships'  casks  were  rolled 
up  Main  St.  to  the  town  pump  in  front  of  Elliot's  Block. 

t  An  odd  Indian  picture  of  about  that  time  is  given  by  Mr. 
Oliver  R.  Wade  in  a  paper  read  before  the  Sag  Harbor  Hist.  Soc.  in 
1908:  "Who  recalls  Jason  Hoopete,  the  old  Montauk  Indian?  Far 
down  the  street  would  come  the  cry,  'Here  comes  Jason!'  Tall  and 
swarthy,  with  his  long  hair  floating  in  the  wind,  came  Jason,  and 
all  the  boys  fled  to  their  yards  and  shuddered  as  he  passed.  In  our 
childish  minds,  an  Indian  was  only  a  savage  in  suspense  and  liable 
at  any  time  to  revert  to  barbarism.  When  he  reached  Cooper's 
shop,  he  was  greeted  with  great  heartiness.  The  axes  and  adzes 
were  laid  aside  and  then  came  the  wild  barbaric  dance  of  the 
coopers,  with  Jason  as  the  central  figure.  The  music  was  the  rhyth- 
mic clatter  of  the  wooden  truss  hoop  driver,  a  piece  of  wood  two 
feet  long,  held  in  the  center,  and  as  the  cooper  drove  the  truss  he 
clattered  the  ends  on  the  staves,  which  gave  a  roaring  cadence. 
How  they  danced  and  shrieked.  The  windows  were  crowded  with 
the  faces  of  the  boys  who  had  seen  the  dance  before  and  never 
wanted  to  miss  one.  The  dance  over,  the  men  wiped  their  sweating 
faces  and  arms,  shook  hands  with  Jason,  who  came  out  and  took 
his  way  to  Smith's  on  the  Dock,  where  'fire  water'  was  to  be  had 
and  a  vast  longing  to  be  appeased." 


236  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOff'N   Of  SOUTHAMPTON 

lingland.  The  expenses  of  the  business  had  increased 
enormously  from  the  days  of  one  year  cruises  when  it 
cost  ten  or  twelve  thousand  dollars  to  outfit,  to  the  later 
voyages  which  had  to  be  outfitted  for  a  three  or  four 
years'  absence,  and  the  whales  themselves  were  scarcer 
and  shver.  Petroleum  also  had  been  discovered  and  the 
wiiale  ships  had  to  compete  with  the  Pennsyhania  oil 
wells. 

lUit  ])erhaps  the  greatest  blow  of  all  was  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  California,  with  the  resultant  rush  of 
hardy  and  courageous  seamen,  discouraged  by  the  sud- 
den hard  times  in  their  old  work.  It  has  been  estimated 
that  over  250  men  from  this  Town  alone  left  for  the 
diggings  in  the  early  days.  Men  simply  could  not  be 
got  here  to  man  the  whale  ships,  and  vessels  touching 
at  anv  ports  in  1849-50  were  immediately  deserted  by 
their  crews.  The  whale  fisherv'  came  to  a  standstill,  and 
with  it  the  prosperity  of  Sag  Harbor.  Nor  did  the 
new  venture  result  in  compensating  success,  for  no  one  one 
from  this  Town  became  rich  in  the  gold  fields.  A  few  made 
small  amounts,  many  died  during  their  wanderings  and 
many  more  remained  permanently  in  the  West,  (^f  the 
trials  and  experiences  of  those  who  had  hoped  for  sudden 
riches,  ample  evidence  is  given  in  the  interesting  series 
of  letters  from  Mr.  Albert  Jagger,  of  Southampton 
Village,  to  his  wife,  given  in  Appendix  XIX.* 

*  "The  o-rand  rendezvous  (in  San  Francisco)  for  distressed 
Long  Islanders  was  an  old  house  on  the  lower  end  of  Commercial 
St.  The  buildin}?  in  question  was  rented  by  Sam  Tribe  Hildrcth, 
of  Sag  Harbor,  a  beef-buying  native  of  the  isle.  He  extended  to 
his  brethren  the  hand  of  fellowship.  When  they  came  down  from 
the  mines,  broke,  strapped,  sick,  weary  and  discouraged,  whither 
went  they?  To  the  Contra  Costa  market,  of  course.  The  building 
was  two  stories  and  a  half  high.  The  second  floor  was  occupied  by 
the  lodgers.  Sometimes  there  were  four,  sometimes  eight,  some- 
times a  dozen.  They  never  had  any  money.  In  that  peculiarity 
they  preserved  a  remarkable  uniformity.  Th^y  went  to  bed  all 
hours  of  the  night  and  got  up  all  hours  of  the  day.  There  they 
smoked  their  pipes  and  talked  of  whales  and  home,  for  home  and 
whales  were  intimately  associated  in  their  minds.  The  garret  was 
full  of  baggage,  left  during  a  series  of  years,  uncalled  for.  There 
were  piles  of  trunks,  sea  chests,  rolls  of  blankets,  guns,  pistols 
and  all  the  rest  of  the  needfuls,  and  more  of  the  needless  articles 
brought  by  the  early  adventurers  to  California.  The  owners  for 
the  most  part  never  came  back.  Their  bones  are  lying  heaven 
knows  where,  for  many  were  never  heard  of  after  leaving  the  city." 
H.  D.  Sleight. 


Stranded  Bark,  Clan  Galbraith 


Whaling:  off  Southampton  about  1690 
(Detail  from  Thornton's  Map) 


T'--7  jijTW  ^'ORK 


--on,   LEfOX 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  237 

Companies  were  quickly  made  up  for  the  new  spec- 
ulation as  they  had  been  thirty  years  before  for  whaling, 
at  which  time  James  Fenimore  Cooper  had  inaugurated 
that  mode  of  outfitting,  as  narrated  in  a  previous  chap- 
ter. The  Iowa,  Sabina,  Huron,  Sierra  Nevada,  Cadmus 
(the  ship  which  had  brought  Lafayette  to  this  country), 
Hamilton  (little),  Ann  Mary  Ann,  Hungarian,  Robert 
Bruce,  San  Diego,  Acasta,  Storm,  Amelia  and  Draco  were 
all  withdrawn  from  whaling  and  entered  the  California 
venture.  * 

By  1850  most  of  the  old  whaling  firms  had  retired 
from  business,  although  some  younger  men  took  their 
places,  t  and  a  jump  in  the  price  of  oil  and  bone  in  1855 
caused,  for  a  time,  a  slight  return  of  activity  in  the  in- 
dustry, eighteen  vessels  being  employed  at  that  time, 
but  in  1871  the  long  story  of  Sag  Harbor  whaling  came 
to  an  end  with  the  sailing  of  the  Myra,  condemned  at  the 
Barbadoes  three  years  later. 

During  the  life  of  the  industry,  vessels  not  only 
sailed  from  Sag  Harbor  but  were  built  there  also,  prob- 
ably before  1780.  Prior's  shipyard  was  established  in 
1795,  Stephen  Howell  built  a  ship  in  1806,  while  a  little 
later,  Benj.  Wade's  yard  was  near  Peter's  Green,  Budd's 
over  on  North  Haven,  Post  &  Sherry's  at  the  foot  of 
Division  Street  and  there  were  a  number  of  others.  J 

The  old  whaling  ships  met  with  many  ends.  The 
keels  of  the  Thames  and  the  Fair  Helen  are  embedded  in 
the  sand  ofif  Conklin's  Point.  The  Andes  burned  to  the 
water's  edge  and  sunk  on  the  east  side  of  the  channel  off 
Long  Wharf,  where  a  sand  bar  formed  over  her,  known 

*  They  cleared  respectively  about  Oct.,  1848,  Feb.  3,  1849, 
June  19,  1849,  Aug.  28,  1849,  Oct.  20,  1849,  Oct.  23,  1849,  Oct.  27, 
1849,  fall  of  1849,  May  1,  1850,  May  13,  1850,  Sept.  14,  1850,  May 
25,  1852,  Aug:.  12,  1854  and  Aug.  12,  1854.  See  Memorials  pp.  287 
et  seq.  . 

t  Among  the  newer  men  were  Thomas  Brown,  Huntting  Coo- 
per, Wm.  R.  Post,  John  Budd,  Gilbert  H.  Cooper,  Chas.  T.  Bering 
and  Wm.  Cooper;  and,  a  little  later,  W.  &  G.  Cooper,  J.  E.  &  E. 
Smith,  H.  &  S.  French,  Wade  &  Brown,  O.  R.  Wade  and  others.  H. 
&  S.  French  outfitted  whalers  down  to  1871. 

X  Among  other  vessels  built  at  the  Harbor  were  the  Lavinia, 
Gov.  Clinton,  Octavia,  Hanibal,  O.  C.  Raymond,  Charlotte,  Harriet, 
Victory,  Hamilton,  Merchant,  San  Nevada,  Storm,  Line  Gale, 
Weather  Gauge,  Mary  Gardiner  and  Black  Eagle. 


238  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

as  "Andes  Shoal."  Many  were  stripped  and  burnt 
merely  for  the  old  copper  in  them.  Those  that  went 
into  the  California  trade  ha\e  already  l)een  named.  The 
B)iicrald,  Timor  and  Xohlc  were  among  the  first  vessels 
bought  l)y  the  b'ederal  Ciovernment  to  form  the  "stone 
fleet"  which  was  sunk  off  the  entrances  to  Charleston  and 
Savannah  harbors  in  1861  to  prevent  blockade-running. 
Many  were  wrecked,  the  Goz'.  Clinton  in  a  typhoon  ofif 
Jajian,  the  Hamilton  near  the  Rio  (irande  in  1845  (with 
$1UU,000  catch  on  board),  the  Konoliassett  on  Pell's  Isl- 
and in  1846,  the  Romulus  at  Honolulu  in  1849,  the 
Franklin  ofif  the  coast  of  Brazil  in  1850,  the  Gem  off 
Suwarrow  Island  in  1848,  the  Washington  on  Pitt's  Isl- 
and in  1851,  the  Jl'illiam  Tell  on  East  Cape  in  1859,  the 
Paeifie  on  Behring's  Island  in  1866,  the  Potosi  on  the 
Falkland  Islands  in  1832,  the  Telegraph  at  the  Mar- 
quesas in  1835,  while  the  Ocean  which  sailed  in  1866  has 
never  been  heard  from.  The  Weather  Gauge  was  caught 
and  burned  by  the  Alabama  in  1862.  The  Martha  2d,  in 
which  Capt.  Geo.  S.  Tooker  of  Sag  Harbor  carried  the 
first  American  consul  to  Japan,  as  well  as  eight  other 
vessels  was  captured  and  burned  by  the  Confederate 
cruiser  Shenandoah  in  jjchring's  Strait  in  1865.  *  The 
Concordia  and  Tliomas  Dickason  were  among  those 
caught  in  the  ice  and  lost  in  the  great  disaster  of  1871. 
Sometimes,  however,  vessels  of  the  whaling  fleet 
would  mysteriously  disappear  for  a  time  on  strange  er- 
rands. The  nature  of  these  was  sometimes  unpleas- 
antly, as  well  as  unprofitably,  brought  to  light  by  gov- 
ernment acti\ity,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Montauk.  This 
shi])  had  been  sold  in  1860  and  was  lying  tied  up  at  Long 
\\  harf  when  purchased  by  a  man  named  Quayle  and 
sent  elsewhere  to  l)e  fitted  out.  .V  company  was  formed 
and  clearance  papers  taken  out  as  usual  for  a  whaling 
voyage,  but  the  ship  sailed  direct  to  the  Congo,  took 
several  hundred  slaves  on  board,  and  was  just  about 
to  successfully  land  them  in  Cuba  when  overhauled  and 
confiscated  by  a  United  States  cruiser.  It  was  said  that 
the  Harbor  lost  rather  heavily  in  this  little  venture. 

*  For  an   account  of  the   burning:  of  the   fleet  see   Memorials, 
pp.  280  et  -seq. 


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THE  MEW  YORK 
■:J3lIC  LIBRARY 


A=TOR.  LE^'0\ 
.LD-x>l    rC  j;   D    TlONSj 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOU'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  239 

The  Augusta  also  suffered  an  unfortunate  lapse 
from  her  otherwise  virtuous  respectability  and  there 
was  also  the  bark  ''Haidcc"  which  bore  a  remarkable  re- 
semblance to  a  Sag  Harbor  whaler  of  another  name 
whose  record  in  whaling  at  one  point  it  is  extremely 
difficult  to  trace.  This  xessel  cruised  off  the  West  coa'st 
of  Africa  for  forty  days  and  took  on  board  1,133  negroes, 
two  hundred  of  whom  died  on  the  subsequent  voyage  to 
Cuba,  where,  however,  the  survivors  were  safely  landed 
and  sold.  She  then  stood  out  to  sea,  and  the  Captain, 
after  paying  off  the  crew,  informed  them  that  the  ship 
had  no  papers.  It  was  decided  to  go  to  the  East  End  of 
Long  Island,  as  the  crew  voted  that  they  "would  be  safe 
there,"  and  the  bark  could  be  scuttled  when  Montauk 
Point  was  neared,  the  shore  reached  and  a  plausible 
story  of  shipwreck  made  use  of  sufficient  for  East  End 
susceptil)ilities.  The  programme  was  carried  out,  and 
one  boat  landed  at  Montauk  and  the  other  on  the  Con- 
necticut shore,  nothing  ever  coming  of  the  judicial  pro- 
ceedings which  were  instituted.  This  was  in  September, 
1858,  and  seven  Portuguese  sailors  were  soon  in  Sag 
Harbor  with  a  plentiful  store  of  Spanish  gold.  They 
were  sheltered  by  one  of  their  countrymen  there,  and 
before  the  U.  S.  Deputy  Marshal  arrived,  six  had  disap- 
peared and  the  seventh,  who  was  ill  on  arrival,  had  died. 
Over  his  grave  in  Oakland  Cemetery  is  a  stone  with 
the  inscription  :  "Dead  Men  Tell  No  Tales,"  and  a  short 
verse. 

In  the  same  cemetery  are  buried  over  thirty-six 
whaling  captains,  and  there,  also,  is  the  monument  to 
the  six  who  were  killed  in  the  service  between  1838  and 
1846  in  actual  encounter  with  the  infuriated  brutes.  It 
is  noteworthy  that  the  oldest  of  the  six  was  but  thirty 
years  of  age.  *      In   a  town  where  hundreds  were   an- 

*  On  one  side  is  the  inscription:  "To  contimemorate  that 
noble  enterprise  the  whale  fishery;  and  a  tribute  of  lasting  respect 
to  those  bold  and  enterprising  shipmasters.  Sons  of  Southampton, 
who  perilled  their  lives  in  a  daring  profession  and  perished  in  actual 
encounter  with  the  monsters  of  the  deep."  On  the  other  side  are 
the  names  of  the  Captains:  Charles  W.  Payne,  aged  30;  Stratton 
H.  Harlow,  aged  27;  Alfred  G.  Glover,  aged  29;  Richard  S.  Top- 
ping, aged  29;  William  H.  Pierson,  aged  30;  John  E.  Howell, 
aged  28. 


240  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

nually  engaged  in  this  pursuit  for  a  long  period  of 
years,  the  stories  of  adventures  as  well  as  accounts  of 
those  who  spent  their  li\es  in  the  business,  are,  of 
course,  innumerable,  and  no  attempt  can  be  made  to 
give  more  than  a  few  of  the  more  tyi)ical  or  interesting 
iilcidents. 

Aside  from  the  usual  dangers  of  storm  and  wreck, 
to  which  rill  who  sail  the  seas  are  liable,  the  main  ad- 
ditional risk  to  those  engaged  in  whaling  arose,  of 
course,  in  lighting  the  whales  themselves.  As  just 
noticed,  the  six  captains  commemorated  on  the  whaling 
monument,  all  died  in  such  encounters.  Sometimes,  as 
in  the  case  of  Capt.  Richard  S.  Topping  of  Bridgehamp- 
ton,  none  survived  the  fight  to  tell  the  tale.  W  hen  only 
29,  but  in  command  of  the  ship  Thorn,  he  had  his  own 
boat  stove  in  by  a  sperm  whale.  He  then  got  into  the 
mate's  boat  to  continue  the  struggle  but  in  some  way  he 
and  the  mate  and  five  men,  all  who  were  engaged  in 
that  last  fight,  perished. 

In  another  case,  however,  that  of  Capt.  James  R. 
Huntting,  we  have  a  gra])hic  account  of  such  an  en- 
counter, given  in  the  Captain's  own  words  as  narrated 
by  Capt.  Davis.  '■'''-  "My  second  mate  had  fastened  to  a 
large  whale  that  seemed  disposed  to  be  ugly;  so  T 
pulled  up  and  fastened  to  her  also.  I  went  into  the  bow 
and  darted  my  lance.  l)ut  the  whale  rolled  so  that  T 
missed  the  life  and  struck  into  the  shoulder  blade.  It 
struck  so  deep  into  the  bone  (perhaps  through  it  )  that  I 
could  not  draw  it  out:  the  whole  body  of  the  whale 
shivered  and  squirmed  as  though  in  great  pain.  Then, 
turning  a  little,  she  cut  her  flukes,  taking  the  boat 
amidships.  The  broadside  was  stove  in,  and  the  boat 
rolled  over,  the  crew  ha\ing  junij^ed  into  the  sea.  1  cut 
the  line  in  the  chocks  at  the  same  moment,  to  sa\'e  being 
run  under  with  a  kink.  The  crew  were  soon  safely 
housed  on  the  bottom  of  the  upturned  boat,  or  swim- 
ming and  clinging  to  the  keel.  The  second  mate  wanted 
to  cut  his  line  and  pick  us  up,  but  1  foolishly  told  him  to 

*  Davis,  Nimrod  of  the  Sea.  Capt.  Huntting:  .stood  6  feet  6, 
and  was  a  man  of  proverbial  strength.  For  a  longer  account  of 
him,  as  well  as  of  other  Bridgehampton  captains,  see  Memorials, 
pp.  260-282. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  241 

hold  on  and  kill  the  whale;  that  we  were  doing  quite  as 
well  as  could  be  expected.  But  I  had  bragged  too  soon. 
Just  then  the  whale  came  up  on  the  full  breach,  and 
striking  the  boat,  he  went  right  through  it,  knocking 
men  and  wreck  high  in  the  air.  Next  the  great  bulk  fell 
over  sideways,  like  a  small  avalanche,  right  in  our  midst; 
and  spitefully  cut  the  corners  of  her  flukes  right  and  left. 
In  the  surge  and  confusion  two  poor  fellows  went  down 
and  we  saw  no  sign  of  them  afterward,  and  the  water 
was  so  dark,  stained  with  blood,  that  we  could  not  see 
into  it. 

"As  the  whale  came  feeling  around  with  her  nose, 
she  passed  close  by  me,  I  was  afraid  of  the  flukes,  and 
got  hold  of  the  warp,  or  iron  pole  or  her  small  or  some- 
thing, and  towed  a  little  way  until  she  slacked  speed  a 
little.  Then  I  dove  under,  so  as  to  clear  the  flukes,  and 
came  up  astern  of  them.  I  was  in  good  time ;  for  having 
felt  the  boat  she  turned  over  and  threshed  the  spot  with 
a  number  of  blows  in  quick  succession,  pounding  the 
wreck  into  splinters.  She  must  have  caught  sight  of 
me,  for  she  came  up  on  a  half  breach,  and  dropped  her 
head  on  me,  and  drove  me  half  stunned  deep  under 
water.  Again  I  came  up  near  the  small,  and  again  dove 
under  the  flukes.  h>om  this  time  she  seemed  to  keep 
me  in  sight.  Again  and  again — the  mate  told  me  after- 
ward— .'•:he  Vv'ould  run  her  head  in  the  air  and  fall  on  my 
back,  bruising  and  half  drowning  me  as  I  was  driven 
down  into  the  water. 

"Sometimes  I  caught  hold  of  the  line,  or  some- 
thing, attached  to  the  mad  'orute,  and  would  hold  on 
until  a  sweep  of  the  flukes  would  take  my  long  legs  and 
l)reak  my  hold.  The  second  mate's  boat  had  cut  long 
ago,  and  watched  her  chance  to  pick  up  the  surviving 
crew,  but  had  not  been  al)le  to  reach  me,  for  when  the 
whale's  eye  caught  the  boat,  she  would  dash  for  it  so 
wickedly  that  the  whole  boat's  crew  became  demoral- 
ized, owing  to  the  loss  of  the  two  men,  and  the  sight,  to 
them  more  terrible  than  to  me  perhaps,  of  the  peril  the 
Captain  was  in.  To  husband  my  strength  I  gave  over 
swimming,  and,  treading  water,  I  faced  the  danger,  and 
several  times  by   sinking  avoided  the  l)lows  from   her 


242  HISTORY  at  nn:  ran n  of  suLTtiAMn'uN 

head.  As  a  desperate  resource,  T  strove  with  my  pointed 
sheath  knife  to  prick  her  nose.  *  I  did  all  a  strong  man 
was  in  duty  bound  to  (\o  to  save  his  life.  The  cooper, 
wlu)  was  shi])  keeper,  ran  down  with  the  ship,  intending 
to  cut  between  llic  whale  and  myself,  but  we  were  at 
too  close  quartern.  He  was  afraid  to  run  me  down  lest 
he  tear  me  with  the  ragged  copper.  Thus  for  three- 
quarters  of  an  hour  that  whale  and  I  were  fighting;  the 
act  of  breathing  became  labored  and  painful;  my  head 
and  shoulders  were  sore  from  bruises,  and  my  legs  had 
been  pounded  by  her  flukes,  but  it  was  not  until  I  found 
myself  swimming  with  my  arms  alone,  and  that  my  legs 
were  hanging  paralyzed,  that  1  felt  actually  scared. 
Then  it  looked  to  me  as  if  I  couldn't  hold  out  much 
longer;  I  had  seen  the  ship  close  beside  me,  and  the 
second  mate's  boat  tr)ing  to  get  in  to  me,  and  throwing 
me  lines,  or  something  to  float  on,  but  I  had  failed  to 
reach  them.  Now  these  things  seemed  very  far  ofT; 
and  that  was  the  last  I  remembered  until  I  came  to  on 
board  the  ship."  Watching  their  chance,  the  mate's 
crew  finally  reached  the  captain  and  got  him  on  board 
the  vessel,  where,  as  he  says,  it  was  several  weeks  before 
he  could  take  his  place  at  the  head  of  his  boat  again. 

On  another  occasion,  when  he  was  boat-steerer,  his 
boat  was  stove  and  he  became  entangled  in  the  line 
which  was  attached  to  the  whale,  and  was  rapidly  drawn 
down  into  the  de])ths  as  the  whale  sounded.  He  finally 
succeeded,  however,  in  cutting  the  rope  with  his  knife 
and  rose  to  the  surface  almost  exhausted. 

Many  had  neither"  the  captain's  strength  nor  for- 
tune, however,  and  were  carried  off  by  whales  never  to 
be  seen  again.  In  1766  a  sperm  whale  capsized  Capt. 
Clarke's  boat,  seized  his  son  in  his  jaws  and  disappeared. 
Another  case,  among  many,  was  that  of  Jonathan  H. 

*  Capt.  Davis  comments  of  this:  "On  the  tip  of  the  upper 
jaw  [right  whale]  there  is  a  spot  of  very  limited  extent,  seemingly 
as  sensitive  as  the  antennae  of  an  insect.  .  .  .  However 
swiftly  a  right  whale  may  be  advancing  on  the  boat,  a  slight  prick 
on  this  point  will  arrest  his  forward  motion  at  once.  I  think  it  safe 
to  say  he  will  not  advance  a  single  yard  after  the  prick  is  given. 
.  .  .  It  is  endowed  with  a  backing  power  simply  marvellous 
when  we  consider  the  enormous  weight  moving  forward  with  great 
speed." 


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I 


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HISTURY  OF  THE  TUHN  OF  SOLTHAMFTON  243 

Salmon,  2nd  mate  of  the  Arabella  in  1847,  who,  when  his 
boat  was  struck  by  a  furious  whale,  fell  near  it  as  it 
rushed  upon  him  with  open  jaws,  which  took  in  both 
Salmon  and  the  oar.  The  latter  was  so  far  l)ack  as  to 
prevent  the  whale's  closing  them  for  an  instant  and  Sal- 
mon leaped  into  the  sea  actually  from  the  whale's 
mouth.  He  was  picked  up  by  another  boat,  which  the 
whale,  however,  immediately  stove  in,  by  luck  again 
clutched  Salmon  in  its  jaw  and,  sounding,  disappeared 
with  him  for  good. 

In  the  history  of  the  industry,  there  have  been  a 
numljer  of  cases  where  whales  have  attacked  not  simply 
the  l)oats  but  the  ships  themsehes,  although  but  one 
such  is  recorded  of  Sag  Harbor  vessels,  the  old  whaler 
Caniilliis.  In  its  death  flurry,  a  cachalot  struck  her  a 
terrible  blow  with  its  head,  staving  in  her  planking. 
Two  of  the  boats'  crews  were  several  miles  away  in  pur- 
suit of  whales,  including  the  captain,  W^ickham  Jen- 
nings, but  the  2nd  mate,  James  Reeve  of  Southampton, 
quickly  hoisted  barrels  of  oil  from  the  hold  and  piling 
them  up  on  the  side  careened  the  vessel  sufficiently  to 
sheath  the  injury  and  make  the  ship  fairly  tight,  and  she 
was  finally,  with  great  difficulty,  worked  all  the  way  to 
the  Harbor. 

A  partial  list  of  vessels  lost  by  shipwreck  has  al- 
ready been  given.  The  small  islands  of  the  Pacific, 
however,  afforded  other  dangers  beside  uncharted  reefs 
and  lee  shores  in  hurricanes.  The  little  bark  Superior, 
which  was  the  first  vessel  to  pass  through  Behring 
Strait,  was  captured  and  burned  by  natives  at  the  Solo- 
mon Islands  and  all  of  the  crew  but  three,  who  were 
subsequently  ransomed,  were  murdered.  In  1860  the 
bark  Richard  D.  Wood  put  in  at  Treasury  Island  for 
water  and  vegetables  and  was  boarded  by  savages  who 
massacred  twenty-six  of  a  crew  of  thirty. 

On  the  other  hand  the  natives  often  proved  friendly, 
and  the  delicious  climate  and  ease  of  living  were  fre- 
quently too  much  of  a  temptation  for  the  sailors,  and 
more  than  one  Sag  Harbor  whaler,  putting  in  at  some 
"little  lazy  isle"  sailed  away  short  handed.  The  desert- 
ing whalemen   sometimes   settled   permanently,   taking 


244  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

wives  (and  the  object  is  not  in  the  plural  merely  be- 
cause the  subject  is)  and  bred  up  "beach  combers."  As 
late  as  1890,  a  visitor  to  Upola,  one  of  the  Navigator 
Islands,  found  the  Chief  to  be  Tom  Seaman  of  Sag 
Harbor.  *  He  and  another  sailor,  named  Pfarsall,  had 
shipped  in  the  thirties  on  the  Albatross,  and,  after  an 
eighteen  months'  cruise,  had  deserted  to  try  savagery 
and  ease.  Pearsall,  like  many  others,  soon  sutYered 
from  homesickness  and  died,  but  Seaman  lived  in  great 
content,  even  forgetting  the  luiglish  language  almost 
.entirely.  Sam  Brant  wa.s  another  who  returned  to  sav- 
age life,  and  lived  happily  for  fifty  years,  first  at  Xew 
Zealand,  later  at  the  Fijis  and  eventually  at  the  Sand- 
wich Islands.  :  .    .     • 

Many  times  it  fell  to  the  lot  of  whalers  to  rescue  the 
',  ,  shipwrecked  crews  of  other  vessels,  as  was  the  case  of 
Capt.  Isaac  Ludlow,  of  Bridgehampton,  who  saved  105 
lives  from  the. British  bark  Meridian  in  1835,  and  some- 
times such  .rescues  led  to  interesting  results,  as  was 
notably  the  case  of  Capt.  Mercator  Cooper  of  Southamp- 
ton. In  1845  he  passed  a  small  island,  supposed  to  be 
uninhabited,  lying .  to  th^e  southeast  of  Japan,  where, 
however,  he  found  .eleven  shipwrecked  Jajianese  sailors. 
Th^se  he  took  on  board  and  sailed  for  Japan,  at  that 
t;ime  of  course,  strictly  closed  to  all  foreigners,  except 
the  Dutch.  On  his  way  he.  by  chance. '  rescued  ele\en 
more  fron-^  a  sinking  junk,  all  of  whom  he  took  to  the 
harbor  of  Jeddo,.  where  he  \yas  allowed  to  remain  for 
four  days,  though  strictly  guarded  and  not  permitted  to 
land,  t  He  was  treated  with  marked  courtesy,  and  the 
day  before  leaving  the  l^mperor  sent  him  tokens  of  his 

*  Pittsburfrh  Dispatch,  June  17,  1894.  For  Brant  see  N.  Y. 
Sun  Feb.  7,  1897. 

t  Although  Capt.  Cooper's  visit  preceded  Commodore  Perry's 
famous  one,  he  v;.a?  not  absolutely  the  first  American  captain  to 
visit  Japan  as  often  stated.  Se^  account  of  the  voyage  of  the  ship 
Margaret  of  Salem  in  1800,  Capt.  S.  G.  Derby.  Essex  Hist.  Coll. 
Vol.  II,  pp.  16(i-9.  The  portrait  of  Capt.  Cooper  reproduced  here, 
was  by  a  Sag  Harbor  artist  of  the  period,  Hubbai-d  Fordham,  of 
w^hose  work  much  is  still  to  be  found  here.  He  never  had  any 
instruction  in  drawing  or  painting,  but  possessed  much  natural  tal- 
ent. His  sister  was  the  mother  of  the  late  Wm.  Wallace  Tooker. 
He  lived  in  the  house  now  owned  by  Abram  Tunison  when  it 
orginally  stood  across  the  street,  about  a  half-block  lower. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  245 

appreciation.  The  story,  which  is  an  interesting  one 
and  of  historical  value,  will  be  found  in  full  in  the  Ap- 
pendix, t 

For  a  full  century,  Sag  Harbor  was  the  port 
through  which  the  Town  carried  on  its  whaling  enter- 
prise. There,  most  of  the  ship  owners  lived,  there  the 
vessels  arrived  and  departed  and  all  of  the  business  inci- 
dental to  the  industry  was  conducted.  But  there  could 
scarcely  have  been  during  a  long  period  a  single  family 
in  the  Town  which  was  not  directly  interested  in  the 
success  of  the  trade  and  the  fortunes  of  some  particular 
ship.  To  detail  the  lives  of  the  men  engaged  in  it, 
either  as  seamen  or  officers,  would  be  to  write  a  bio- 
graphical dictionary  of  the  period.  It  influenced  all 
their  thoughts,  affected  all  their  individual  destinies,  and 
with  the  decline  in  its  fortunes,  those  of  the  Town  also 
rapidly  declined,  until  a  new  period,  bringing  manu- 
facturing to  the  Harbor  and  other  changes  to  the  other 
villages,  materially  altered  their  economic  life.  * 

t  See  Appendix  XX.  Another  early  visitor  to  Japan,  through 
Sag  Harbor  whaling,  was  Ronald  MacDonald,  seaman  of  the  ship 
Plymouth,  who  in  June,  1848,  received  his  discharge  and  was  given 
a  whaleboat  furnished  with  books  and  provisions,  and  left  the  ship 
off  the  coast  of  Japan  with  the  avowed  purpose  of  visiting  the  Isl- 
ands. He  was  captured  and  imprisoned.  He  taught  some  of  the 
Japanese  the  English  language,  but  they  were  anxious  to  be  rid 
of  him  and  he  was  taken  off  by  the  U.  S.  Ship  of  War  Phebe  in  1849. 

*  The  Cotton  Mill,  burned  in  1879,  was  built  in  1850,  gas  was 
introduced  in  1859,  and  the  Fahys  Watch  Case  Factory  built  in  1881. 


CHAPTER  XII 

CONCLUSION 

In  the  eleven  preceding  chapters,  we  have  followed 
the  history  of  the  Town  from  its  planting  in  1640  down 
to  the  Civil  War,  a  period  of  nearly  two  and  a  quarter 
centuries.  In  that  time  we  have  seen  it  grow  from  a 
single  little  frontier  hamlet  to  a  Township  embracing  a 
score  of  villages  and  a  port  the  name  of  which  was 
known  wherever  ships  sailed  the  seas  in  the  service  of 
one  of  America's  greatest  industries.  In  the  last  chap- 
ter we  saw  the  decline  of  that  industry  and  with  it  the 
decline  in  the  fortunes  of  the  Town.  It  remains  now 
but  to  allude  briefly  to  some  of  the  events  in  its  last  half 
century,  and  to  point  out  some  of  the  indications  of  the 
new  and  altered  life  upon  which  it  entered  during  that 
period. 

At  its  very  beginning  came  the  Civil  War.  The 
actual  operations  of  that  conflict  were,  of  course,  far 
remote,  and  its  effects  here  were  felt  solely  through  the 
fortunes  of  those  who  left  their  homes  and  went  into 
the  fighting  forces  on  land  or  sea.  A  list  of  the  honored 
names,  as  complete  as  1  have  been  able  to  make  it,  com- 
piled from  several  sources,  is  given  in  the  Appendix. 
Southampton,  of  course,  always  vielded  its  quota  of  the 
successive  drafts,  although  here  as  elsewhere  resort  had 
to  be  had  to  bounty  monev.  as  the  war  progressed  and 
draft  succeeded  draft.  In  1862  the  Town  was  author- 
ized to  borrow  $30,000  with  which  to  pay  each  volunteer 
$100  and  also  to  contribute  to  the  support  of  his  family, 
and  in  the  following  years  additional  sums  were  raised, 
the  bounty  per  man  finallv  reaching  $750  by  the  end  of 


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3 


o 

so 

3- 
O 


O 

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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOlfN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  247 

1864.  This  was  merely  the  same  story  as  is  found  every- 
where throLig-hout  the  country  as  the  years  of  the  ex- 
hausting conflict  went  by,  and  the  Town  has  good  rea- 
son to  be  proud  of  the  long  roll  of. its  citizens  who  volun- 
tarily risked  their  lives  in  ithat  struggle. 

'  With  the  conclusion  of  peace  the'vvhole'country  en- 
tered upon  a  new  era,  and  the  two  decades  fbll'Owing  saw 
here  the  definite  passing  of  'three  (Elements' \<^hich  had 
long  been  intei'woven  v»/ith  the  Town's  history^  whaling, 
the  Indians  and  the  common  own'ershipof  land. 

The  first  of.  these  came  to  an'end  witK  the,  sailing  of 
the  Myra,  Sag  Harbor's  last  whaler,'  in  1371,  and  the 
death  blow  to  the  second  was  given  ,hve,  years' later  by 
the  wreck, of  the  b^n'glish  ship  Circassian,  off  Meco'x,  on 
Dec.  29;  18/6.  This  ship,.  Capt.  Williams,  bqiincl  from 
Liverpool'for'New'York  had  sailed  from  the  former  port 
qn  Nov.  6,  and  by  t^ie  18th  was  within  300  piiles  of 
Sandy  Hook,  when 'she  ericbuiitered  te^rfific  gales  and 
was  forced  to  beat  about,  unable  to  make  any  pdirt  for 
three  weeks.  On  the  30th  she  picked  up  the  crew.pf  12 
belonging  to-.dhe  V>ark  Heath  Park-,-  which  had  foundered, 
although:  herself  in'  distress.  After  that  she  continued, 
to  beat  about  until  firially,  on  the  night  of  Dec;  10th,  in 
a  driving  storm  of  snow  and.  sleet  she.  struck  ,tEe  bar 
j'USt  west  of  the  Mecox  station.  The  new  boat-belong- 
ing to  the  station  was  on  exhiljition  ^t  the  Centennial  in 
Philadelphia,  but  after  two  unsuccessful  efforts,  a  line 
was  shot  over  the  stranded  ship  and  all  hands-saved  in 
the  morning. 

This  episode,  however,  was  merely  preliminary  to 
th'e  tragedy.  In  an  effort  to  save  the  vessel,  which  had 
every  prospect  of  success,  a  wrecking  crew  made  up  of 
mfen  from  New  Y'otk  and  ten  Shirinecock  Indians,  was 
placed  oil  board.  The  latter  were'  the  flo.wer  of  their 
tribe  and  the  last  of  the  pure  bloods.  In  preparing  the 
ship  and  waiting  for  a  favorable  moment  to  try  to  float 
Her,  time  was  consumed  until  the '29th  of  December 
when  a  terrible  storm  came  up.  Thirty^two  men  were 
dn  board  of  her,  but  it  was  impossible  to  launch  any 
boat  from  the  shore,  the  waves  breaking  on  the  dunes. 
At  4.30  in  the  morning,  the  vessel  broke  in  two  and  the 


248  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

mizzenniast,  on  which  all  the  men  had  taken  refuge,  fell 
fifteen  minutes  later,  carrying"  every  one  into  the  sea. 
But  four  men  were  rescued  from  the  waves  alive,  twen- 
ty-eight, including  all  of  the  Indians  being  drowned.  * 
It  is  doubtful  if  any  absolutely  pure  bloods  remained, 
although  the  Shinnecocks  still  technically  constitute  a 
tribe  and  live  on  their  reservation  at  Shinnecock  Neck, 
the  admixture  of  negro  blood  being  present  in  every 
case.  As  a  pure  blooded  race  it  died  that  December 
night  in  1876,  and  of  the  original  owners  of  Southamp- 
ton soil  not  one  remained. 

The  third  element  which  also  passed  forever  at  this 
period  was  the  common  ownership  of  land.  The  origin 
and  nature  of  the  ''common  lands"  have  been  discussed 
in  Chapter  III  and  some  of  its  subsequent  "Divisions" 
noted  in  later  ones.  The  distinction  will  be  recalled 
which  existed  between  the  "Commoners,"  or  "Proprie- 
tors," who  owned  an  interest  in  the  common  land,  and 
the  mere  inhabitants  or  Townsmen,  who  owned  only 

*  Other  wrecks  of  this  period  were:  1870,  week  of  June  16, 
schooner  Mary  Rich  off  Southampton.  1874,  Jan.  23,  French  ship 
Alexandre  Lavalley,  finally  abandoned.  She  was  loaded  partly 
with  ale,  porter  and  wine,  and  Mrs.  White  said  of  her:  "Some  of 
her  cargo  found  its  way  to  the  cellars  of  our  villagers  and  even 
now,  on  rare  occasions,  an  enquiry  as  to  the  origin  of  some  choice 
brand  of  'good  cheer'  meets  with  the  response  of  'Lavalley.'  "  1878, 
Jan.  28,  Norwegian  bark  Frederick,  total  loss,  off  Westhampton. 
Also,  same  year,  schooner  Annie  C.  Cook,  off  Shinnecock,  total  loss. 
Also,  Loretta  Fish,  just  east  of  Sagg  Lane,  total  loss.  1879,  week 
of  Aug.  7,  the  Lizzie,  Vanderbilt  Line,  came  ashore  off  Mecox  in  a 
fog,  loaded  with  cattle,  which  swam  ashore.  Ship  saved.  Same 
year,  Aug.  21,  twenty-two  small  vessels  were  blown  ashore  at  Sag 
Harbor.  1881,  Feb.  28,  three-masted  schooner  Walter  B.  Chester, 
off  East  Quogue  in  a  fog.  Total  loss.  1882,  week  of  June  1,  brig- 
antine  Daylight,  off  Georgica.  1886,  week  of  Apr.  8,  steamer 
Europa  ashore  off  Quogue  in  a  fog.  1887,  Sept.  7,  schooner  Hattie 
A.  White  foundered  off  Shinnecock.  1894,  Apr.  7,  schooner  Benja- 
min B.  Church,  off  Mecox,  total  loss.  August,  same  year,  steamer 
Panther  foundered  off  Southampton  and  coal  barge  Lykens  Valley 
went  to  pieces  on  the  bar;  18  lives  lost.  Sept.  11,  four-masted 
schooner  John  K.  Souther  came  ashore  off  Mecox;  saved  and  re- 
sumed voyage.  1896,  full  rigged  ship  Otto;  saved.  1897,  Jan.  21, 
schooner  Nahum  Chapin,  off  Quogue;  all  hands  (9)  lost.  1904, 
Jan.  23,  four-masted  schooner  Augustus  Hunt  lost  off  West  Hamp- 
ton, two  lives  saved,  eight  lost.  1914,  Nov.  21,  three-masted 
schooner,  Geo.  D.  Jenkins,  on  bar  off  Shinnecock.  1916,  July  22, 
four-masted  iron  bark  Clan  Galbraith  on  the  beach  off  Wickapogue, 
completely  high  and  dry  at  low  tide.     Finally  pulled  off  Aug.  4. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfFN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  249 

individual  freehold  property  without  such  interest;  and 
also  the  fact  that  ''commonage"  could  be  bought  and 
sold  and  pass  by  inheritance. 

By  these  transfers  the  number  of  Proprietors  had 
become  greatly  enlarged,  their  individual  rights  be- 
coming correspondingly  less,  while  with  every  Division 
the  amount  of  common  land  remaining  undivided  of 
course  decreased,  so  that  a  generation  ago  the  common 
land  had  been  practically  all  divided,  while  the  number 
of  Proprietors,  through  the  subdivisions  incident  to  the 
changes  of  some  eight  generations,  had  become  exceed- 
ingly numerous  though  with  *  individually  extremely 
small  interests  of  almost  no  ascertainable  value.  In  the 
meantime,  however,  the  claims  of  the  Proprietors  as 
against  the  Town  had  not  been  wholly  unchallenged. 
The  terms  and  phraseology  of  the  Dongan  Patent  were 
held  by  some  to  invalidate  the  rights  of  the  Proprietors, 
and  this  was  made  use  of  to  force  them  to  a  compromise 
they  having,  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  ex- 
tended their  claims  to  include  the  products  of  the  Town 
waters.  Committees  of  the  Town  and  of  the  Proprietors 
met  in  1816,  and  in  1818  a  Bill  was  prepared  by  a  joint 
conference  of  representatives  of  the  two  parties  which 
was  passed  in  the  Legislature.  This  bill  gave  to  the 
Proprietors  the  undivided  lands,  meadows  and  mill 
streams,  and  to  the  Town  the  "power  to  make  laws, 
rules  or  regulations  concerning  the  waters  (other  than 
the  mill  streams),  the  fisheries,  the  seaweed,  or  any 
other  productions  of  the  waters"  of  the  Town,  even  on 
the  shores  of  common  lands,  "which  waters,  fisheries, 
seaweed  and  productions  of  the  waters  shall  be  managed 
by  the  Trustees  of  the  Freeholders  and  commonalty  of 
the  Town  of  Southampton"  etc.  These  rights  remain 
to  the  Town  today. 

In  1882,  by  private  sale  and  in  a  number  of  deeds, 
the  Trustees  of  the  Undivided  Common  Lands  sold  and 
transferred  to  Rufus  Sayre  (who  soon  transferred  to 
others)  all  of  their  interests  east  of  Halsey's  Neck  Lane, 
and  to  Henry  W.  Alaxwell  everything  west  of  that 
lane,  v/ith  the  exception  of  two  small  items  which  were 
sold  to  other  individuals.     The  Trustees  all  resigned  in 


250 


HISTORY    at   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


1890  with  the  intention  of  a  final  dissolutid)n  of  the  boclvv 
but  as  it  was  found  that  it  might  possil)ly'  be  convenient; 
to  continue  its  existence  in  connection  with  land'  titles- 
a  board  was  re-elected  on  Sept.  7,  1912,  consisting  of  six 
niemliers.     No  n^eetings  are  held. 

Of  the  propert)-  sold  by  them  in  1882,  the  main  item 
was  the  fee.  of  all  highways  not  originally  laid  out  on; 
prixate  land.     This  ownership  in  fee  of  the  roadbed  ap-, 
plies  to  nearly  all  the  highways  in  the  Tovyn,  and  by 
som^  it  is  cpntended  that  if  such  highways  were  aban-, 
don^d,  by  the  Town,  the  oAvnershi])  would  revert  to  the, 
heirs  or  assigns  of  the  ^882  purchasers  and  not  to  the: 
owners  of  the  abutting  property.     Early  in  the  last  cen-. 
tury  the  Proprietors  clainied  not  only  the  rexersionary, 
interest  but  the  right  to  sell  portions  of  the  highways 
even  when  still  used  by  the  Town.     From  this  arose  the" 
famous  ,Sagg  Mill  lawsuit  al)out   1840,  the  Proprietors; 
having  granted  the  right  to,  move  a  windmill  on  to  the; 
very  wide  roadway  at  Sagg  a  little  south  of  the  Elisha 
O.  Hedges  house.     Paul.  Topping  brought  suit  against, 
them,  won  it  in  the  Supreme  Court  at  Riverhead.  and 
the  mill  was  removed.     It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  this, 
case  was  not  wholly  without  precedent  over  600  years 
old,  the  Statute  of  Merton.  20  Henry  HI  in  1235  stating, 
that  e\ery  complaint  of  the  encroachment  on   pasture} 
rights   "shall  be   dismissed,   when   such   suit   shall  have 
been  caused  on  the  common  pasture  by  the  liuilding  of 
a  windmill."  *  ;  = 

Thus,  after  two  centuries  and  a  half,  passed  from 
the  life  of  the  community  the  three  elenients  vyhich.  in. 
varying  degrees'  at   different   periods,   had   all   done    so 
much  to  influence  and  mould  the  development  of  the  little- 
settlement  and  the  subsequent  life  of  the  Town.     \\'ith 
the  i)assing,  almost  within  a  decade  of  each  other,  of  the. 
Indians,  of  whaling, and  of  the.  system  of  common  owner- 
ship of  land,  Southampton  marked  ahnost  dramatically, 
the  close  of  its  first  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  and  the 
change  from  old  to  new.     Nor  was  the  passing  of  the 
old  more  distinctly  marked  than  the  coming  of  the  new, 
for  it  was  also,  just  at  this  time  that  the  railroad  was  ex-,' 


Quoted  by  Nasse,  Agric.  Community,  p.  64. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  TOtVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  251 

tended  through  to  Southampton  and  Sag  Harbor  in 
1870,  and  with  this  added  ease  of  communication  with 
New  York,  began  ahnost  at  once  the  changes  which  to  a 
considerable  extent  have  altered  both  the  lives  and  ap- 
pearance of  the  old  villages  of  the  Town.  Then  also 
began  the  coming  of  the  "summer  people,"  housed  at 
first  in  boarding  houses  and  modest  cottages,  their 
numbers  and  scale  of  hving  increasing  until  now  the 
transformation  is  nearly  complete,  and  summer  homes, 
rivalling  in  many  cases  those  of  Newport,  are  scattered 
all  over  these  peaceful  villages  and  quiet  countryside. 
This  change  is,  of  course,  most  noticeable  in  South- 
ampton village  itself,  where  the  transformation  has 
gone  the  furthest.  In  Sag  Harbor  the  new  era  took  a 
somewhat  different  form  and  manufacturing  plants  have 
given  it  an  impetus  along  industrial  lines.  There  is  a 
change  also,  however,  even  in  the  local  farming  life  and 
the  original  American  type  is  giving  place  to  some  ex- 
tent, as  throughout  New  England,  to  foreigners,  these 
being  represented  locally  largely  by  Irish  and  Poles,  the 
latter  mainly  from  Russia. 

Under  the  influence  of  the  new  standards  of  living, 
now  everywhere  general,  and  in  many  cases  helped  by 
large  gifts  from  those  who  have  come  to  the  Town  from 
elsewhere  and  become  interested  in  it,  many  notable 
buildings  have  been  erected  and  new  institutions 
founded  in  the  past  few  years.  The  Pierson  High 
School  in  Sag  Harbor,  built  in  1907  and  first  used  in 
January,  1908.  *  was  the  gift  of  Airs.  Russell  Sage,  who 
also  maintains  the  John  Jermain  Memorial  Library  in 
that  place,  built  in  1909.  f"  The  new  High  School  build- 
ing in  Southampton  was  completed  in  1916.  and  a  li- 
brary had  also  been  given  to  that  village  in  1892  by  the 
bequest  of  Miss  Harriet   Tones   Rogers  of  certain  real 

*  The  clock  in  the  building-  was  the  one  in  the  old  Presbyterian 
Church  as  also  the  bell.  Mrs.  Sage  is  a  descendant  of  Lt.  Col. 
Pierson,  of  Sagg,  and  of  Major  John  Jermain.  Her  present  house  in 
Sag  Harbor  was  originally  built  by  Beni.  Huntting  and  was  pur- 
chased by  her  in  1907.  Before  the  establishment  of  the  new  High 
Schools  the  most  noted  school  in  the  Town  was  probably  the  old 
Bridgehampton  Academy,  founded  in  1859  and  continued  until  1907, 
Prof.  L.  W.  Hallock  being  principal  from  1872.  For  a  full  account 
see  Memorials,  pp.  181-183. 

t  Opened  June  18,  1910,  formally  opened  Oct.  10,  1910. 


252  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

estate  and  $10,000,  the  Library  being  incorporated  the 
next  year  and  the  present  building  erected  in   1895.  % 

In  that  village  also  was  generously  established  the 
beautiful  Art  Museum  by  Mr.  Samuel  L.  Parrish  for  the 
benelit  of  the  people  of  Southampton  in  1898,  the  build- 
ing being  added  to  in  1902  by  Mr.  James  C.  Parrish. 

In  1909  at  a  meeting  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Village  Improvement  Society  *  in  Southampton,  ar- 
rangements were  made  to  employ  a  district  nurse  and 
the  following  year  the  Southampton  Hospital  Associa- 
tion was  organized,  and  as  a  result  of  efforts  made  by 
those  interested  in  it,  the  present  hospital  was  built  in 
1912,  being  opened  and  dedicated  Washington's  Birth- 
day, 1913,  the  new  wing  being  added  1917. 

The  period  under  hasty  review  in  this  concluding 
chapter  has  also  witnessed  the  establishment  of  five  new 
churches,  including  the  finest  church  building  on  the 
eastern  end  of  the  Island,  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
in  Southampton  village  erected  in  1907.  f 

X  See  A  Brief  Account  of  the  Rogers  Memorial  Library. 

*  This  Society  is  said  to  be  the  second  oldest  in  the  country 
having  been  organized  at  a  meeting  held  at  Dr.  T.  G.  Thomas' 
house  in  New  York,  Oct.  25,  1881.  The  presidents  have  been 
Messrs.  F.  H.  Betts,  Geo.  H.  Schieffelin,  Salem  H.  Wales,  James  H. 
Foster,  James  F.  Ruggles,  Dr.  P.  F.  Chambers,  Mr.  A.  L.  Morton, 
Dr.  T.  G.  Thomas  and  Dr.  Albert  H.  Ely  (since  1902). 

t  "Before  the  Civil  War  Catholicity  was  almost  an  unknown 
quantity  in  the  Village  of  Southampton.  ...  In  those  days, 
Catholics  of  Eastern  Long  Lsland  were  spiritually  ministered  to  by  a 
Father  Joseph  Bruneman  who  visited  Sag  Harbor  every  4  weeks  and 
East  Hampton  every  6  weeks.  ...  A  few  years  later  a  Father 
Keane  took  up  permanent  residence  in  Sag  Harbor.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  a  Father  Gallagher.  Then  came  to  Sag  Harbor  as  the 
resident  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Hefernan,  during  whose  pastorate  the  Cath- 
olic parish  of  Southampton  had  its  birth."  The  first  mass  was  of- 
fered in  the  house  of  Mr.  James  Cavanagh,  who  gave  the  use  of  his 
land  for  a  temporary  church,  built  in  1881.  The  second  church, 
built  on  property  acquired  on  Hill  St.,  was  built  in  1893.  In  Aug., 
1896,  Rev.  Wm.  S.  Kirby  became  the  first  resident  pastor  of  South- 
ampton. During  his  pastorate  the  church  was  moved  and  a  Parochial 
residence  built.  He  died  Jan.  31,  1902,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev. 
Francis  J.  O'Hara.  In  1904  additional  land  was  bought  and  the 
present  church  built  in  1907,  T.  II.  Poole  &  Co.,  being  the  architects. 
It  contains  a  300-year-old  pulpit  donated  by  Dr.  Keyes.  The  parish 
has  a  winter  population  of  about  1,500  and  3,000  in  summer.  In 
1913  Father  O'Hara  was  transferred  to  Brooklyn  and  Rev.  Thos.  J. 
Leonard  succeeded  him,  being  in  turn  succeeded  by  Rev.  John  F. 
Cherry,  Mar.  2,  1916,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  information  as 
to  the  Catholic  churches  in  Southampton  and  Bridgehampton, 


Southampton  High  School 


Pierson  High  School,  Sag  Harbor 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  253 

'I  "^  St.  Andrews  Dune  Church  had  been  founded  by- 
summer  residents  in  1879  under  the  original  name  of  St. 
Andrews  by  the  Sea,  changed  in  1884.  The  building, 
the  central  part  of  which  was  originally  the  Life  Saving 
Station  built  in  1851,  contains  much  of  interest.  The 
oak  corbels  supporting  the  four  corner  posts  under  the 
lantern  are  from  Blytheburgh.  Church,  Suffolk,  England, 
dating  from  1442  and  were  the  gift  of  the  patron  of  that 
church.  Sir  John  ,Blois.  The  old  English  Bible  and 
Prayer  Book  were  printed  in  1638,  while  the  chancel  and 
choir  chairs  date  from  .1681.  Amojig.the  Eucharistic 
vessels  is  an  Irish  paten  of  1684  and  a  Elorentine  chalice 
of  apparently  about  15.50.  In  the  grounds  outside  are 
the  big  iron  pot  which  was  used  for  trying  out  whale 
blubber  and  the  anchor  and  cha,in  from  the  wrecked 
Lykens  l' alley,  together  with  a  cannon  from  the  Alex- 
andre Lavalley.  •  ' 

This  church  did  not  serve  the  needs  6f  the  winter 
population,  however,  and  in  1908  the  Revl  Samuel  C. 
Fish  estabhshed  St.  John's,  which  erected  the  present 
building  on  Main  St.  ill  1912,  dedica.ted  June  29,  1913. 
For  about  four  years  previously,  from  July  12,  1908,  ser- 
vices had  been  regularly  held  in  the  Art  Museum. 

Meanwhile  two  additional  churches  had  also  been 
established  in  Bridgehampton,  St.'  Ann's,  *  and  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church,  t  . 

With  this  brief  summary  of  the  new  era  in  the 
Town,  our  history  of  its  long  life,  with  its  many  changes, 
properly  ends.  Nor  will  I  attempt  to  add  further  details 
as  to  the  life  of  the  present  day.  The  task  which  I  set 
myself  lay  rather  with  the  things  of  the  past.  In  the  fore- 
going volume,  I  have  tried  to  tell  in  simple  fashion  the 

*  Established  as  a  Mission  of  St.  Luke's,  East  Hampton,  1906. 
Rev.  S.  C.  Fish  has  been  in  charge  since  June  10,  1907.  The  present 
property  was  bought  1908  and  the  connection  with  East  Hampton 
severed.  The  little  church,  which  had  been  a  former  club  house, 
was  moved  to  the  new  site  and  the  old  Atlantic  House  used  as  a 
Parish  House  until  1915  when  the  present  one  was  given  by  Mr. 
John  E.  Berwind. 

t  Ground  was  bought  in  1913  and  the  Church  of  the  Queen  of 
the  Most  Holy  Rosary  incorporated  May  18,  1914.  The  church 
building,  the  architect  of  which  was.  F.  Burrall  Hoffman,  was  dedi- 
cated July  U,  1915.    ' 


254  HISTORY  Ol-  THE  TOllS  OF  SOUTHAMT-TON 

Story  of  (Hie  of  the  many  little  coniinunities  planted  in 
this  country  of  ours  nearly  three  centuries  ago  and 
through  the  growth  and  development  of  which  there 
came  into  being  a  new  nation.  The  scale  has  been 
small  the  background  meagre,  the  charm  of  antiquity 
and  the  enchantment  of  romance  and  legend  have  per- 
haps been  lacking,  but  the  tale  has  not  been  without 
value,  I  trust,  for  those  interested  in  the  struggle  of 
our  race  for  self  expression  and  self  government,  and  in 
the  growth  of  that  nation  in  which  today,  even  more 
perhaps  than  ever  before,  lie  the  hopes  of  the  future  of 
the  world. 


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THE  NEV'?  YuRK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

•..  VI  OR,   LENOX 

i  ILDuN    FOUNDATIONS 


APPENDICES 


APPENDIX  I 
THE  DISPOSALL  OF  THE  VESSELL 


March  10,  1639  [1640  N.  S.] 
In  consideracon  that  Edward  Howell  hath  disbursed  15  lb.  and 
Edmond  ffarington  10  lb.,  Josias  Stariborough  5  lb.,  George  Welbe 
10  lb.,  Job  Sayre  5  lb.,  Edmond  Needham  5  lb.,  Henry  Walton  10  lb., 
and  Thomas  Sayre  5  lb.,  Itt  is  Agreed  vpon  that  wee,  the  forenamed 
vndertakers  haue  disposed  of  our  seueral  pts  of  our  vessell  to 
Daniell  How.  In  Consideracon  whereof  hee  is  to  transporte  them  so 
much  goods  either  to  them  their  heii's,  executors  and  Assignes,  (If 
they  shall  desire  it)  as  their  Several  Somme  or  Sommes  of  Monney 
Shall  Ammnunt  unto,  and  moreover,  to  each  of  those  persons  Aboue 
named  or  their  Assignes,  he  shall  transporte  to  each  man  A  person 
and  A  tunne  of  goods  free.  But  in  case  that  any  of  the  forenamed 
Persons  shall  not  haue  occasion  for  the  transportacon  of  soe  much 
goods  as  his  money  shall  Ammount  vnto,  that  then  the  said  Daniell 
is  to  make  them  payment  of  the  remainder  of  the  monney  by  the 
end  of  two  yeares  next  ensueing  the  date  hereof,  and  likewise  this 
vessell  shall  be  for  the  vse  of  the  Plantacon,  and  that  the  said 
Daniell  shall  not  sell  this  vessell  without  the  consent  of  the  Maior 
pt.  of  the  Company.  And  that  the  vessell  sha'l  be  reddy  at  the 
Towne  of  Lynne  to  transporte  such  goods  as  the  aforesaid  vnder- 
takers shall  Appointe,  that  is  to  say,  three  tymes  in  the  yeare, 
ffurtheiTnore,  if  In  ca.se  that  any  Person  or  Persons  shall  not  haue 
occasion  to  Transport  any  goods  that  then  the  said  Daniell  is  to  pay 
them  their  Somme  or  Sommes  of  Monney  together  with  Allowence 
for  A  tunne  of  goods  and  A  person  within  the  tearme  of  two  years 
next  ensueing  the  date  hereof.  And  for  the  full  performance  of  * 
*  *  said  Daniell  hath  *  our  [three  lines  gone]  ffurthermore 
where  as  it  is  expressed  formerly  that  the  vessell  shall  come  to  our 
Intended  Plantacon  three  tymes  in  the  yeare,  we  thought  good  to 
express  the  tymes,  viz:  the  first  Moneth,  the  fourth  moneth  and 
the  eighth  moneth. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfl'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  257 

ffurthermore  fFor  the  rates  of  persons,  goods  and  chattell,  if 
there  proue  any  difference  betweene  vs,  the  vndertakers  and  the 
Said  Daniell  How,  that  then  it  shall  be  reffered  to  two  men  whome 
they  and  he  shall  chuse. 

ffurthermore  for  as  much  as  Allen  Bread,  Thomas  Halsey  and 
William  Harker  Are  by  the  Consent  of  the  company  come  into  and 
party  vndertakers  with  vs,  we  Edward  Howell  Daniell  How  and 
Henry  Walton  have  consigned  three  of  our  pts.  that  is  to  each  man 
a  howse  lott,  plantinge  lott  and  farme  answerable  to  the  rest  of  ye 
vndertakers  for  their  disbursement  of  five  pounds  A  man  to  vs  the 
aboue  said  vndertakers,  That  is  to  say  whereas  Mr.  Howell  had  3 
lotts  he  shall  have  but  two,  and  Daniell  How  for  3  lotts  shall  have 
but  two  and  Henry  Walton  for  2  lotts  shall  have  but  one. 

Edward  Howell 
Daniell  How 
Henr.  Walton. 

Forasmuch  as  wee,  Edward  Howell,  Edmond  ffarington,  Ed- 
mond  Needham,  Daniel  How,  Josias  Stanborough,  Thomas  Saire, 
Job  Saire,  George  Welbe  and  Henry  Walton  &  Thomas  Halsey,  Al- 
len Bread  and  William  Harker  haue  disbursed  four  score  pounds 
ffor  the  settinge  ff  orward  A  Plantacon  and  in  regard  wee  have  taken 
vpon  vs  to  transporte  at  our  owne  prop  costs  and  charges  all  such 
persons  as  shall  goe  at  the  first  voyage  when  those  of  our  company 
that  are  chosen  thereunto  shall  goe  upon  discouery  and  search  and 
to  beginne  and  settle  a  plantacon.  and  ffurthermore,  in  regard  all 
such  persons  soe  goinge  upon  our  accompt,  haue  in  our  vessell  the 
ffreedom  of  half  a  tunne  of  goods  a  person  it  is  thought  meete  that 
wee  the  forenamed  undertakers  should  not  at  any  tyme  nor  tymes 
here  after  be  lyable  to  any  rates,  taxes  or  Impositions,  nor  be  putt 
vpon  any  fenceing,  building  of  meeting  house,  erectinge  ffortifica- 
tions,  buildinge  of  bridges,  prepairinge  highways  nor  otherwise 
charged  for  any  cause  or  reason  whatsoeuer  during  the  tyme  of  our 
discontinuance  in  our  Intended  Plantacon  except  yt  in  the  fenceing 
in  of  plantinge  lotts,  euery  man  shall  with  his  neighbors  fence  or 
cause  to  be  fenced  by  the  first  day  of  April  wch  shall  be  1641. 

ffurthermore  because  of  the  delayinge  to  lay  out  the  bounds 
of  townes  and  all  such  land  within  the  said  bowndes  hath  bene  gen- 
erally the  ruin  of  townes  in  this  country,  therefore  wee  the  said 
vndertakers  haue  thought  good  to  take  upon  us  the  dispose  of  all 
landes  within  our  said  boundes  soe  yt  wch  wee  lay  out  for  A  house 
Lott  shall  at  all  tymes  from  tyme  to  tyme  here  after  continue  to  be 
A  house  lott  and  but  one  dwelling  house  shall  be  builded  vpon  it, 
and  those  lotts  yt  wee  lay  out  for  plantinge  lotts  shall  not  at  any 
tyme  nor  tymes  hereafter  be  made  house  lotts  whereby  more  Inhab- 
itants might  be  received  into  our  said  Plantacon  to  the  ouer  charge- 


268  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOffN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

ing  of  Commons  and  the  Impoverishinge  of  the  towne,  and  yt  alsoe 
what  is  layed  out  for  commons  shall  continue  commons  and  noe  man 
shall  presume  to  Incroach  vpon  it  not  so  much  as  A  handes  breadth, 
and  what  soever  we  lay  out  for  farmes  shall  so  remaine  for  after 
tyme,  and  ye  disposall  of  all  such  lands  soe  layed  out  shall  be  at  all 
tymes  and  from  tyme  to  tyme  hereafter  at  the  will  and  pleasure  of 
vs,  the  vndertakers,  or  executors,  administrators  and  assigns  [3 
lines  gone]  and  alsoe,  who  soever  selleth  his  Accommodations  in  the 
towne  shall  sell  house  lott  and  plantinge  lote  or  lotts  and  meadow 
Intirely  and  if  hee  sel  his  farme  he  shall  not  deuide  it  but  sell  it 
together,  viz:  his  ffarme  Intirely  and  his  Accommodations  in  ye 
Towne  Intirely.  Moreouer  whosoever  cometh  in  by  vs  shall  hould 
himselfe  satisfyed  with  four  Achres  to  an  house  lott  and  twelve 
achres  to  a  plantinge  lott  and  soe  much  meddow  and  vpland  as  may 
make  his  Accommodations  ffifty  achi-es,  except  wee,  the  said  under- 
takers, shall  see  cause  to  Inlarge  that  proportion  by  A  farmo  or 
otherwise,  ffurthermore  noe  person  nor  persons  whasoeur  shall 
challenge  or  claime  any  proper  Interest  in  seas,  rivers,  creekes,  or 
brooks  howsoeuer  bounding  or  passing  through  his  grounds  but 
ffreedom  of  fishing,  fowling  and  nauigation  shall  be  common  to  all 
vdthin  the  bankes  of  the  said  waters  whatsoeuer. 

And  whosoever  shall  fell  any  tree  or  trees  in  highwayes,  is 
either  to  grubb  them  vp  by  the  rootes  or  else  to  cut  them  smooth  up 
even  by  the  grounde,  and  take  the  tree  or  trees  out  of  all  such  high- 
ways. And  whosoever  felleth  any  tree  or  trees  in  the  commons  shall 
either  carry  away  the  body  or  bodyes  thereof  with  ye  Aptnances  or 
else  sett  or  lay  it  up  on  heapes  so  as  the  pasture  for  chattel  or 
passage  for  man  or  beaste  may  not  have  any  Annoyance.  Likewise 
noe  person  nor  persons  whatsoever  shall  fell  or  lopp  or  carry  away 
any  tree  or  trees,  firewood  or  otherwise,  off  or  from  any  lott  or 
lotts  whatsoeuer  for  as  is  the  lande  so  shall  ye  Aptnances  bee  every 
mans  owne  peculiar  property. 

Neither  shall  any  person  make  or  use  any  highwayes,  paths  or 
otherwise  ouer  any  persons  howse  lott,  plantinge  lott  or  meadow, 
but  shall  upon  all  occasions  use  the  Aliened  wayes  layed  out  for  yt 
end. 

ffurthermore  it  is  thought  nTeete  that  if  the  said  vndeilakers 
make  any  Composition  with  any  person  or  persons  yt  lay  claime  * 
*  manifest  his  or  their  *  *  *  jn  a^y  p^-t  or  parts  in  all  *  * 
of  the  place  where  god  shall  cause  or  direct  us  to  bcginne  our  In- 
tended plantation  *  *  *  the [2  lines  gone]  And  it  come  to  pass 
yt  wee  the  said  undertakers  shall  either  in  our  owne  names  or  in 
the  names  of  the  Inhabitants  In  general!  promise  to  pay  or  cause  to 
be  payed  any  somme  or  sommes  of  money,  goods  or  chattel),  fines  or 
rates,  or  the  like  as  may  hereafter  be  thought  meete  proportionably 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOl^N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  259 

to  what  they  Inioy  and  that  then  every  person  or  persons  Inhabit- 
inge  within  the  boundes  of  our  plantation,  being  owners  of  land 
there,  that  they  shall  be  contented  and  pleased  to  help  to  beare  A 
share  or  shares  from  tyme  to  tyme  and  at  all  tymes  hereafter,  of 
all  such  payments  as  may  be  required  of  vs,  the  forenamed  vnder- 
takers,  or  executors,  Administrators  or  Assigns,  and  yt  his  or  their 
subscribinge  to  these  presents  may  be  a  sufficient  declaration  under 
all  such  persons  handes,  yt  they  doe  Approue  of  all  the  premises 
here  specified. 

Lastly,  wee  the  said  undertakers  testify  by  these  presents  in 
our  admittinge  of  Inhabitants  to  our  Intended  plantacon  that  wee 
without  any  kinde  of  reservation,  leave  men  ffree  to  choose  and 
determine  all  causes  and  controuerseys,  Arbitrary  among  them- 
selves, And  that  whensoever  it  shall  please  the  lord,  and  he  shall  see 
it  goode  to  adde  to  vs  such  men  as  shall  be  fitt  matter  for  A  church, 
that  then  wee  will  in  that  thinge  lay  ourselues  downe  before  ye 
constitutes  there  of  either  to  be  or  not  to  bee  receaued  as  members 
thereof  according  as  they  shall  disceme  the  worke  of  god  to  be  in 
our  hearts. 

Edward  Howell,  Ye  marke  of 

Edmond  Needham,  Edmond    X    ffarington 

Josiah  Stanborough,  Job  Sayre 

Daniell  How, 
Henr.  Walton,  George  Welbe, 

mark  of  Thomas  Halsey, 

Allen    X    Bread,  William  Harker 

Vndertakers. 
The  mark  of  Philip  Kyrtland 

Thomas    -|-    Newell  Nathaniel  Kirtland 

John  ffarrington  Thomas  ffarrington 

the  mark  of  Thom  Terry 

Richard    0    Odell  (?) 

These  are  to  giue  notice  that  wee,  the  aforesaid  company  of 
vndertakers,  doe  fully  and  ffreely  give  our  consentt  that  John  Cooper 
shall  and  is  admitted  an  vndertaker  with  the  like  full  and  lymited 
power  with  our  selues  in  all  cases  yt  may  concerne  our  Plantacon. 

Edward  Howell, 
The  marke  of  Edmond     X    ffarrington, 

Edmond  Needham, 

Thomas  Halsey, 
The  marke  of  Allen    X    Bread, 

Daniel  How, 

Henr.  Walton, 


260  HISTURY  UF  THE  TO  UN  OF  SOUTH  AM  I'TON 

APPENDIX  II 

A  DECLARATION  OF  THE  COMPANY 

Know  all  men  whome  these  presents  may  conceme  yt  whereas 
it  is  expressed  in  one  Artickle  that  the  power  of  disposinge  of  lands 
and  Admission  of  Inhabitants  into  our  plantation  shall  at  all  tymes 
remain  in  the  hands  of  vs  the  said  vndertakers  to  vs  and  our  heirs 
forever,  that  our  true  intent  and  meaninge  is  that  when  our  plan- 
tacon  is  layed  out  by  those  Appointed  according  to  our  Artickles 
and  that  there  shall  be  a  church  gathered  and  constituted  according 
to  the  minde  of  christ  that  then  wee  doe  flfreely  lay  downe  our  power 
both  of  orderinge  and  disposeing  of  the  plantacon  and  receiving  of 
Inhabitants  or  any  other  thing  that  may  tende  to  the  good  and  wel- 
fare of  ye  place  at  the  feete  of  Christ  and  his  church,  provided  that 
they  shall  not  doe  anythinge  contrary  to  the  true  meaneinge  of  the 
fformer  Artickles. 

fFurthermore  whereas  it  is  expressed  in  A  fformer  Artickle  yt 
the  lande  of  ye  undertakers  shall  at  all  tymes  remaine  ffree  from 
affording  any  helpe  to  builde  meetinge  house  or  making  of  bridge  or 
bridges  or  mendinge  of  highwayes  or  the  lyke  during  the  tyme  of 
their  discontinuance  from  our  Plantacon  it  is  thought  meete  that  it 
shall  take  place  and  stand  in  force  but  two  yeares  vnless  there  bee 
some  goode  reason  given  for  it  and  then  those  shall  have  land  only 
.  for  the  third  year  provided  that  within  the  third  year  they  come 
back  againe  *  *  *  ye  4th  day  of  ye  4th  *  16 —  [one  line 
partly  gone]. 

In  Witness  of  these  two  Artickles  foregoinge  we  have  set  to  our 
handes. 

The  marke  of  Edward  Howell, 

Edmond    X    ffarrington,  Thomas  Halsey, 

John  Cooper,  Daniel  How, 

Edmond  Needham,  Thomas  Sayre, 

Henr.  Walton, 

These  are  to  give  notice  that  wee  the  afore  sayd  vndertakers 
doe  fully  and  freely  give  our  consent  that  Mr.  John  Gosmere  shall 
and  is  admitted  an  vndertaker  with  the  like  full  and  limited  power 
with  our  selues  in  all  cases  yt  Concerne  our  Plantacon. 
Edward  Howell,  The  marke  of 

Edmond  Needham,  Allen    X    Bread, 

Henr.  Walton  Thomas  Sayre, 

John  Cooper,  The  marke  of 

William  Harker,  Edmond    X    ffarrington, 

Job  Sayre,  Thomas  Halsey. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOtVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  261 

APPENDIX   III 

A  PATTENT  GRAUNTED  FROM  JAMES  FFORREST  &c  TO 

SEVERALL  PERSONS  &c. 

Know  all  men  whome  this  present  wryting  may  concerne  that  I 
JAMES  FFORREST  of  LONG  ISLAND  Gent  Deputy  to  ye  Rt:' 
Honble  ye  EARL  OF  STARLING  Secretary  for  ye  Kingdome  of 
SCOTLAND  doe  by  these  presents  in  ye  name  &  behalfe  of  ye  said 
Earle,  &  in  myne  oime  name  also  as  his  Deputy  as  it  doth  .or  may 
anyway  concerne  myself  give  and  graunt  free  leaue  &  liberty  to 
DANIELL  HOW,  JOB  SAYER,  GEORGE  WILKS,  &  WILLM 
HARKER  togethr  wth  their  Associates  to  sitt  downe  upon  LONG 
ISLAND  aforesaid  there  to  possesse  improve  &  injoy  Eight  myles 
square  of  Land  or  so  much  as  shall  Conteyne  ye  said  quantity  not 
onely  Uplandt  but  also  wtsoever  medow  marish  ground  Harbours 
Ryvers  &  Creeks  lye  within  ye  bounds  or  lymitts  of  ye  said  Eight 
myles  ye  same  &  eury  prticular  thereof  quietly  &  peaceably  to 
possesse  to  them  and  their  heires  for  ever  wth  out  any  disturbance, 
Lett  or  molestation  from  ye  said  Earle  or  any  by  his  appointmt  or 
procuremt  for  him  or  any  of  his,  &  that  they  are  to  take  their  Choice 
to  sitt  downe  upon  as  best  liketh  them.  And  also  that  they  and 
their  Associates  shall  injoy  as  full  &  free  liberty  in  all  matters  that 
doe  or  may  concerne  them  or  theirs  or  that  may  conduce  to  ye 
good  &  comfort  of  them  and  theirs  both  in  Church  ordr  &  Civil! 
Governmt  Togethr  wth  all  othr  easemts  conveniencyes  &  accommo- 
dations whatsoever  wch  ye  said  place  doth  or  may  afford  answerable 
to  what  other  Plantations  enjoye  in  MASSACHUSETTS  BAY,  But 
inasmuch  as  it  hath  pleased  our  Royall  Kinge  to  giue  &  graunt  ye 
pattent  of  LONG  ISLAND  to  the  aforesaid  Earle  In  consideration 
thereof  it  is  agreed  that  ye  trade  with  ye  Indians  shall  remaine  to 
ye  said  EARLE  OF  STARLING  to  dispose  of  from  tyme  to  tyme  & 
at  all  tymes  as  best  liketh  him  Onely  the  aforesaid  DANIELL  HOW 
&  his  Copartners  shall  have  liberty  to  make  choyce  of  one  man 
amongst  them  that  shall  fully  trade  with  ye  Indians  in  their  beha^fe 
for  any  victualls  with  in  theire  owne  plantations  but  not  for  Wam- 
pom,  And  if  any  of  the  aforesaid  persons  or  any  for  them  shall 
secretly  trade  with  ye  Indians  for  Wampom  whether  directlv  or  in- 
directly without  leave  or  lycense  from  ye  sd  Earl  or  his  Assignes  ve 
said  person  or  persons  so  offending  shall  pay  for  every  fathome  of 
Wampom,  so  Traded,  to  ye  said  Earle  or  h^s  assignes  ye  sume  of 
twenty  shillings  Further  it  is  agreed  upon  Thnt  whatsoever  shall  be 
thought  meet  by  ye  Rt  Worpt.  JNO  WINTHROP  Esor.  Governor 
of  ye   MASSACHUSETTS  BAY   to  be  given   to   ye   EARLE   OF 


262  HjyJOKY    Of   THE    TUft'N    Uf  SUUTHAMnUN 

STARTLING  in  way  of  acknowlcdgmt  as  ye  Patentee  of  ye  place 
shall  be  duely  &  truely  paid  P^urthcmiore  it  is  agreed  upon  that  no 
man  shall  by  vertue  of  any  guift  or  purchase  lay  any  clayme  to 
any  Land  lying  \vth  in  ye  compasse  of  ye  Eight  Myles  beforemen- 
tioned  but  onely  the  aforesaid  Inhabitants  shall  make  purchase  (in 
their  owne  najnes  at  their  own  leasure  from  any  Indian  that  In- 
habitt  or  have  Lawfull  right  to  any  of  th'  aforesaid  Land)  all  or 
any  parte  thereof  &  thereby  assure  it  to  themselves  and  their  heires 
as  their  Inheritance  for  ever.  In  witncs  whereof  we  have  hereunto 
sett  or  hands  &  scale  ye  17th  day  of  Aprill  1640. 

Memorandm,  that  ye  true  meaning  of  Mr.  FFORREST  is  that 
whereas  he  hath  formerly  purchased  certaine  Land  in  LONG  ISL- 
AND for  ye  EARLE  OF  STARLING  or  himselfe  that  he  doth  by 
theise  prsents  fully  I'elcase  all  clayme  &  Interest  in  ye  Lands  aboue 
mentioned  or  persons  that  shall  sit  downe  upon  it  with  all  Title  to 
Govemmt  whether  in  Church  or  in  Comon  wealth,  All  wch  is  to  be 
clearly  &  fully  drawne  upon  according  to  ye  true  meaning  of  this 
Agreemt  when  things  shall  be  settled  &  concluded  by  ye  Rt  Worpt 
JOHN  WINTHROP  abouementioned. 

Signed  James  Forrest.       [Seale] 

Sealed  &  Delivered  in  the  prsence  of  Theop:  Eaton,  Jno  Davenport, 
A  True  Copy  pr  me  Henry  Pierson  Registr 

GOVERNOR  WINTHROP'S  JUDGMENT  OF  YE  PRCEDING 

WRYTING 

I  JOHN  WINTHROP  with  in  named  having  seriously  consid- 
ered of  that  within  this  wryting  is  referred  to  my  determynation 
although  I  am  very  unwilling  to  to  take  it  upon  me  &  as  unfitt,  also 
ye  rather  being  to  seek  of  any  Rule  or  approved  President  to  guide 
me  herein  yet  being  called  hereunto  I  shall  expresse  wt  I  conceiue 
to  be  equall  upon  ye  Considerations  here  ensuing  (viz't)  The  Land 
wth  in  graunted  being  a  mere  Wildernesse  &  ye  natives  of  ye  pjace 
prtending  some  Interest  wch  ye  Planters  must  purchase  &  they 
might  have  had  long  enough  Gratis  (&  as  Convenient)  in  ye  MAS- 
SACHUSETTS or  othr  of  ye  Colonyes  with  ye  liberty  to  trade  with 
ye  Indians  (wch  they  are  here  debarred  from)  &  for  that  they  had 
possest  &  improved  this  place  before  any  Actuall  clayme  made 
thereunto  by  ye  Rt.  Ilonble  ye  EARLE  of  STARLINGE,  or  had  any 
notice  of  his  Lopps  Pattents,  And  Whereas  his  Lopp  (considerate  I 
suppose  of  ye  prmisses)  requires  nothing  of  them  but  in  way  of 
acknowledgmt  of  his  Interest  I  doe  hereupon  Concerne  &  do  ac- 
cordingly (so  farre  as  power  is  given  me)  ordr  &  sett  downe  that 
ye  Inhabitants  of  ye  Tract  of  Land  within  Mentioned  on  ye  Plan- 
tation now  called  SOUTH-HAMPTON  upon  LONG  ISLAND  & 
their  successors   for  ever  shall   pay   yearely  to  ye  said   EARL   of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfTN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  263 

STARLING  his  heires  or  Assignes  upon  ye  last  day  of  Septembr  at 
SOUTH  HAMPTON  aforesaid  fower  Bushells  of  ye  best  Indian 
Corne  there  growing  or  ye  value  of  so  much  in  full  satisfaction  of 
all  Rents  &  service  (the  fifth  Parte  of  Gould  &  Sylver  are  to  ye 
Kings  Matie  reserued  alwayes  excepted)  In  Testimonye  Whereof  I 
have  hereunto  sett  my  hand  Dated  ye  20th  of  Octobr  1641. 

Signed  John  Winthrop. 

A  true  copy  pr  me  Henry  Pierson,  Register. 
Recorded  for  Southampton. 


APPENDIX  IV 

CONVEYANCE    OF    LANDS    ON    LONG    ISLAND    BY   JAMES 
FARRET  DEPUTY  OF  THE  EARL  OF  STERLING 

Know  all  men  whom  this  present  writing  may  concern  that  I, 
James  Farret  of  Long  Island  Gent:  Deputy  to  the  Right  Hon'ble  the 
Earle  of  Stirling  Secretarie  for  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland  do  by 
these  presents  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  the  said  Earle  of  Stirling 
and  in  my  own  name  as  doth  or  may  concerne  myself  give  up  all 
Rights,  Titles,  Claims  and  Demands  of  and  from  all  Patent  Right, 
of  all  those  lands  lying  and  being  bounded  between  Peacooeck  and 
the  eastermost  point  of  long  Island  with  the  whole  breadth  of  the 
said  Island  from  sea  to  sea  with  all  lands  and  premises  contained 
within  the  said  limits,  excepting  those  lands  already  granted  unto 
any  person  by  me,  the  said  Farrett  under  my  hand  and  seale  unto 
Edward  Howell,  Daniel  How,  Job  Sayer,  and  their  associates  heires 
and  successors  both  now  and  for  ever  against  the  claymes  of  any 
person  or  persons  whatsoever  clayming  by  from  or  under  the  said 
Earle  of  Starling,  and  do  in  His  Lops  name  and  in  my  own  name  as 
it  doth  concerne  myself  in  consideration  of  Barge  Hire  besides  they 
being  drove  off  by  the  Dutch  from  the  place  where  they  were  by 
me  planted  to  their  great  damage  by  and  with  a  competent  summe 
of  money  in  hand  paid  before  the  sealing  and  delivering  of  these 
presents  all  amounting  unto  four  hundred  pounds  sterl'g  the  Receipt 
thereof  and  of  every  part  thereof  I  acknowledge  by  these  presents, 
doe  acquit  discharge  and  exonerate  the  said  Edward  Howell  Daniel 
How  Job  Sayer  and  their  associates  Heires  and  successors  for  ever 
giving  up  unto  the  said  parties  Heires  successors  as  absolute  a  right 
title  and  propriety  as  the  said  Earle  received  of  the  Corporation  for 
new  England  incorporated  by  King  James,  the  eighteenth  year  of 


264  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOtVN    OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

His  Reign  over  England  Scotland  France  and  Ireland  And  that  I 
the  said  James  Farrett  having  myself  full  power  to  make  over  the 
Patent  all  or  part  in  his  Lops  name  and  for  his  Lops  use  by  vertue 
of  my  letters  of  Attorney  bearing  date  1637  by  vertue  of  which 
Agencie  I  have  made  a  sale  of  the  same  for  his  Lops  use  received 
the  summe  aforesaid  of  the  said  Edward  Howell  Daniel  How  Job 
Sayer  and  their  Associates  and  that  the  same  parties  Heires  and 
successors  have  as  absolute  power  to  erect  wholesome  laws  and 
ordinances  among  themselves  as  the  Earle  of  Starling  had  conveyed 
to  him  by  the  Corporation  aforesaid,  the  said  Edward  Howell  Dan- 
iell  Howe  Job  Sayer  and  Successors  owing  Allegiance  to  the  Crown 
of  England  and  paying  the  fifth  part  of  gold  and  silver  ore  to  His 
Majesty  with  what  Royalties  belongeth  to  the  said  Corporation 
their  Heires  and  Successors  shall  be  likewise  paid  upon  demand 
as  is  exprest  in  his  Lops  Patent.  Lastly  I  promise  in  His  Lops  name 
that  his  Lop  His  Heires  and  successors  shall  maintaine  the  said 
Edward  Howell  Daniel  Howe  Job  Sayer  their  Heires  and  successors 
in  the  peaceable  enjoyment  of  the  premises  against  all  persons 
whatsoever  In  witnesse  hereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and 
seale  the  12th  of  June  1639.* 

James  Farrett 
Witnesse  Mathew  Sunderland. 

f  A.  true  Copie  compared  Rob't  Sinckley 

J  Henry  Pearson,  Reg'r  marke 

I  May  the  6th  1671.  Thorn:  T  Cooper 

his 
FARRET'S  CONFIRMATION  JULY  7th  1640 
Memorandum:  It  is  agreed  upon  between  Jame^  ffarret  agent, 
and  Edward  Howell,  John  Gosmer,  Edmund  ffaiTington,  Daniel  Howe, 
Thomas  Halsey,  Edmund  Necdham,  Allen  Breed,  Thomas  Sayre, 
Henry  Walton,  George  Welby,  William  Harker  and  Job  Sayre:  that 
whereupon  it  is  agreed  upon  in  a  covenant  passed  between  us  touch- 
ing the  extent  of  a  plantaccn  in  Long  Island,  that  the  aforesaid  Mr. 
Edward  Howell  and  his  copartners  shall  enjoy  eight  miles  square  of 
land  or  so  much  as  the  said  eight  miles  shall  containc,  and  that  now 
lie  in  said  bounds  being  layed  out  and  agreed  upon:  It  is  to  begin 
at  a  place  westward  from  Shinnecock  entitled  the  name  of  the 
place  where  the  Indians  drawe  over  their  cannoes  out  of  the  north 
bay  over  to  the  south  side  of  the  island,  and  from  there  to  run 
along  that  nc?k  of  land  eastward  the  whole  breadth  between  the 
bays  aforesaid  to  the  easterly  end  of  an  Island  or  neck  of  land 
lying  over  against  the  Island  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  Mr. 
fFarret's  Island.    To  enjoy  all  and  every  parte  there  of  according  as 


*Date  should  be  1640,  but  is  grivcn  1639  in  the  London  copy. 


I 
i 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  265 

yt  is  expressed  in  our  agreement  elsewhere,  with  that  Island  or 
neck  lying  over  against  Mr.  flfarret's  Island  formerly  expressed. 

James  Farret. 
Thomas  Dexter    ') 
Richard  Walker  j 


APPENDIX  V 

LORD   STERLING'S   CONFIRMATION   OF   THE   SALE   OF 

LONG  ISLAND 

I  William  Earle  of  Sterline  doe  make  knowne  to  all  men  to 
whom  it  doth  or  may  concerne,  that  whereas  James  Farret  Gent: 
my  lawfull  Agent  upon  Lcng  Island  &c  in  America  hath  disposed 
by  sale  of  divers  lands  in  my  name  and  for  my  use  upon  the  said 
Island  and  Islands  adjacent  within  my  pattent  according  to  the 
power  given  him  by  myself e  Aprill  1637,  unto  Edward  Howell,  Da.> 
iel  Howe,  and  their  heires  and  successours  for  ever  as  from  Peacon- 
net  to  ye  eastermost  poynte  of  ye  said  Long  Island;  and  unto  John 
Thomas  and  Edward  Farington  and  successively  to  the  longest- 
liver  of  them  and  to  his  heires  and  assignes  for  ever;  and  unto 
Mathew  Sunderland  and  his  heires  and  assignes  for  ever;  I  say 
whatsoever  bargaine  contract  and  conclusion  the  above  named  par- 
ties (for  themselves  heires  and  assignes  for  ever)  have  made  w'th 
Mr.  Faret,  according  to  the  custome  of  New  England,  I  the  said 
Wm.  Earle  of  Sterline  ratifie  and  hold  of  value  in  law;  and  doe 
upon  the  request  of  my  said  Agent  James  Faret  by  these  presentes 
bind  myselfe  heires  and  assignes  to  doe  any  further  act  or  thing 
whereby  or  wherewith  ye  titles  of  ye  above  named  parties  (vizt) 
Howell,  How,  Farringtones,  Sunderland  and  their  heires  and  suc- 
cesso'rs  for  ever,  may  be  strengthened,  w'ch  they  have  under  the 
hand  and  seale  of  my  foresaid  Agent  James  Farret,  of  w'ch  I  am 
by  him  fully  satisfied;  and  that  he  hath  in  full  satisfaction  for  the 
said  lands  for  my  use  received  a  competent  sum  of  money,  in  con- 
sideracon  of  w'ch  money  I  doe  acquit  all  right,  title,  interest  and 
demand  of  and  to  ye  sd  lands  and  patent  right  for  ever.  Witness 
my  hand  and  seale  this  twentieth  day  of  August,  one  thousand  six 
hundred  thirty  nine.* 

(Signed)  Sterline. 

T    ^1  J!       \  James  Ramsey 

In  the  presence  oi       .' 

/  John  Johnson 
Vera  Copia. 

*See  note  on  date,  Appendix  IV. 


266  HiSTURY  Ot  THE  TUH  \\  UF  SOUTH  AM  PTON 

APPENDIX  VI 
INDIAN  DEED 

This  indenture,  made  the  13th  day  of  December,  Anno  Dom. 
1640,  botweene  Pomatuck,  Mandush,  Mocomanto,  Pathemanto,  Wyb- 
benett,  Wainmenowog,  Hedcn,  Watemexoted,  Checkepuchat,  the 
natiue  Inhabitants  &  true  owners  of  the  eastern  pt  of  the  Long 
Island,  on  the  one  part,  and  Mr.  John  Gosmer,  Edward  Howell, 
Daniell  How,  Edward  Needham,  Thomas  Halsey,  John  Cooper, 
Thomas  Sayre,  Edwaixl  ffarrington,  Job  Sayre,  George  Welbee,  Allen 
Breade,  Will'm  Harker,  Henry  Walton,  on  the  other  part,  witnesseth 
that  the  sayed  Indians  for  due  consideration  of  sixteene  coats  already 
received,  and  alsoe  three  score  bushells  of  indian  corne  to  bee  payed 
vpon  lawfull  demand  the  last  of  September,  which  shall  be  in  the 
yeare  1641,  &  further  in  consideration  that  the  above  named  Eng- 
lish shall  defend  vs  the  saj'ed  Indians  from  the  uniust  violence  of 
whatever  Indians  shall  illegally  assaile  vs,  doe  absolutely  &  for  ever 
give  &  grant  &  by  these  presents  doe  acknowledge  ourselues,  to 
have  giuen  &  granted  to  the  partyes  above  mentioned,  without  any 
fraude,  guile,  mentall  reservation  or  equivocation  to  them  &  theire 
heires  &  successors  for  ever,  all  the  lands,  woods,  waters,  water 
courses,  easements,  proffits,  &  emoluments  thence  arisinge  what 
soeuer  from  the  place  comonly  knowne  by  the  place  where  the 
Indians  hayle  over  their  cannoes  out  of  the  North  bay  to  the  south 
side  of  the  Island,  from  thence  to  possess  all  the  lands  lying  east- 
ward between  the  foresaid  bounds  by  water,  to  wit,  all  the  lands 
pertaining  to  the  parteyes  aforesaid,  as  alsoe  all  the  old  ground 
formerly  planted  lying  eastward  from  the  first  creek  at  the  west- 
more  end  of  Shinecock  plaine.  To  have  and  to  hold  forever  without 
any  claime  or  challenge  of  the  least  title,  interest  or  propriety 
whatsoever  of  vs  the  sayd  Indians  or  our  heyres  or  successors  or 
any  othei's  by  our  leave,  appointment  license  counsel  or  authority 
whatsoever,  all  the  land  bounded  as  is  above  said.  In  full  testimonie 
of  this  our  absolute  bargaine,  contract  &  grant  indented  &  in  full 
&  complete  satisfaction  &  establishment  of  this  our  act  &  deed  of 
passing  over  all  our  title  and  interest  in  the  premises,  with  all 
emoluments  &  profits  thereto  appertaining  or  any  wise  belonging 
from  sea  or  land  within  our  limitts  above  specified  without  all  guile 
wee  have  set  to  our  hands  the  day  and  yeare  above  sayd. 

Memorand.  Before  the  subscribing  of  this  present  writing  it 
is  agreed  that  the  Indians  aboue  named  shall  haue  libertie  to  break 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOffN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  267 

vp  ground  for  theire  vse  to  the  westward  of  the  creek  afore  men- 
tioned on  the  west  side  of  Shinecock  plaine. 

Witnesses  of  the  deliverie  Manatacut,     X    his  mark, 

&  subscribinge  this  writing.  Mandush,    X    his  mark, 

Abraham  Pierson,  Wybenet,     X     his  mark, 

Edward  Stephenson,  Howes,    X    his  mark, 

Robert  Terry,  Secommecock,    X 

Joseph  Howe,  Mocomanto,    X 

Thomas  Whitehone,  these  in  the  name  of  the  rest. 
Joshua  Griffiths, 
William  Howe. 

ENDORSEMENTS  ON  BACK  OF  INDIAN  DEED 

November  the  24th,  1686. 

This  day  Apeared  before  me  Llift.  CoUonll  John  Youngs,  Esq. 
one  of  his  Majesties  Justices  of  the  peace,  eleven  of  the  Chiefs  of 
the  Indians  of  Shinecock,  namely:  Pungamo,  Sachem  who  is  son 
and  heire  to  the  within  subscribed  Mandush,  and  quaquashawg, 
John  man,  Cobil,  asport,  palamcowet,  wahambahaw,  wiackhance, 
Suretrust  Saspan  Ahickock,  five  whereof  being  old  men.  Did  de- 
clare before  me  as  followeth  (viz)  that  the  aforesaid  Mandush 
Sachem  and  true  proprietor  with  these  Indians  with  him  sub- 
scribed to  ye  within  written  Deed,  with  ye  full  consent  of  the  Rest 
of  the  Indians  of  Shinecock  &  did  according  to  this  Deed  as  within 
written  sell  and  alienate  the  said  lands  to  the  English  therein 
named  and  did  alsoe  declare  that  upon  theire  certaine  knowledge 
they  knew  that  the  within  said  payment  for  the  said  lands  was  by 
the  said  English  made  to  the  said  Indians  according  to  covenant  as 
within  expressed,  to  their  content,  and  that  all  the  forenamed 
Indians  Did  this  day  unanimously  Acknouledge  and  consent  unto 
the  within  written  Deed  according  to  the  true  Intent  thereof  as 
atest  my  hand  the  day  and  year  aforesaid. 

John  Youngs. 

We  namely  Pungamo  Gice  Mamanamon  Indian  Sachems  of 
Shinecock  by  and  with  ye  consent  of  our  people  doe  hereby  ac- 
knowledge that  ye  within  Written  deed  of  sale  made  by  our  fath?r=! 
and  predecessors  is  a  just  and  honest  conveyance  of  ye  lan'l-; 
within  mentioned  accordinge  to  ye  true  Intente  and  meaning  thereof 
as  is  therein  bounded  and  expressed,  and  for  the  full  confirmatioi 
of  ye  premises  We  the  afore  named  Indians  Sachems  by  and  v/'th 
the  consent  of  our  people  and  In  there  behalfe  as  weH  as  for  o"jr 
selues  and  ours  and  their  heires  and  sucksessors  doe  by  these  pres- 
ents Ratify  and  Confirm  the  within  written  Deeds  with  all  the 
premises  therein  contained  to  ye  associates  their  heires  and  suck- 
sessors of  ye  purchasers  of  said  land  within  mentioned.     In  testi- 


2l3fr  HtSrVKt  ^  cn    THE '  TuWN '  Ut   SOiMHA'Mi^'6N 

m(ftfy  whereof  we  the  ^id  feicTiah  Sachems  have  Set  to  ouf"  haSifi^'' 
and  Seals  In  Southampton  this  Sixteenth  of  August  In  the  year& 
our  Lord  1703.  j  i     i  ,       ... 

Pomgruamo.bis  X  mark  Sachem    ,       ^ 
Chice  his  X  mark  Sachem 
Mahman  Am  his  0  mark  Sachsm 
Signed  Sealed  and  delivered 
in  Presence  of  ^ 

Stephen  Bowyer 

Arthur  Tority 

Benjamin  Marshall 

August   IGth   then   appeared   before  me   the    Subscribed   Pom- 
guamo  Chice  Mahman  am  Indian  SacherVis  and  did  acknowledge  this 
aboue  Confirmation  to  be  theire  free  and  voluntary  act  and  deed. 
•J         .  Test,  John  Wheeler,  justice. 

J  '    INDIAN  DEED  OF  AUGUST  16th  1703 

To  all  Christian  people  to  whom  these  presents  shall.  Com.; 
Know  yea  that  Pomquamo  Chice  and  Mahanum  Indian  Sachems, 
of  ye  plantation  of  Indians  Comonly  known  by  ye  name  6f  Shinicok. 
By  and  with  ye  consent  of  ye  Rest  of  theire  people  for  Divers  good' 
causes  them  there  xmto  moveing  as  also  for  ye  sum  of  twenty' 
jiotinds  curant  money  of  ye  province  of  new  yorlc  to  them  in  hand 
paid  by  ye  trustees  of  ye  Comanall'ity  of  ye  town  of  Southampton^ 
wherewith  ye  said  pomquamo  Chice  and  mahanaman  Indian  Sach-r- 
ems  above  sd  acknowledge  them  [selves]  ffully  satisfied  contented 
and  paid,  hath  given  granted  Remised  Released  and  forever  quit 
clamed,  and  by  these  presents  for  themselves  their  people  theih 
heirs  and  successoi-s  doth  fully  clearly  and  absolutely  give  grant 
Remise  Release  and  for  ever  Quit  -Claim  unto  ye  said  trustees 
namely  Elnathan  Topping  loseph  ffordham  loseph  peirson  Abraharh' 
Howell  leckamiah  Scott  losiah  Howell  Daniel  Halsey  Thomas 
Stephens  loseph  Howell  gershum  Culver  lohn  malbie  and  Hezekiah 
Howell  of  ye  comonalliy  of  ye  town  of  Southampton  and  their  as- 
sociates their  heirs  and  sucksesers  forever,  in  their  full  and 
peasable  possession  and  seaseing,  for  all  such  Right,  Estate,  title; 
Interest  and  Demand  whatsoever,  as  they  ye  said  pomgomo  Chice 
and  Mahanaman  and  their  people  had  or  out  to  have  of  in  or  to  all 
that  tracte  of  Land  of  ye  township  of  Southampton  situate  Lying 
and  being  upon  ye  southward  branch  and  towards  ye  eastward  end 
of  ye  Island  of  Nassau  butted  and  bounded  south  with  ye  manfe 
otion:  on  ye  north  by  ye  bay  and  peconick  grat  River  which  De- 
vides  ye  two  branches  of  said'  Island,  and  Eastward  by  a  line 
Running  from  ye  most  eastward  pint  of  hoggneck  acrdss  ye  said 
branch  of  ye  said  Island  to  and  by  a  stake  upon  winescutt  plain, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  269 

to  ye  aforesaid  salt  or  mane  otion  or  sea,  being  ye  bounds  between 
ye  town  of  East  Hampton  and  Southampton,  and  westwardly  frnxn 
an  Inlett  out  of  ye  sea  or  mane  otion  Comonly  Known  by  ye  name 
of  Copsoage  gut,  into  ye  south  bay  Running  Northerly  up  Seatuck 
River  to  ye  marked  bounds  tree  of  ye  said  towneship  of  Southamp- 
ton standing  upon  ye  west  side  of  ye  mane  branch  of  said  Seatuck 
River,  and  from  said  tree  extending  northerly  to  peconick  grate 
River  aforesaid,  together  with  all  and  singular  ye  Libertyes  and 
privileges  and  advantages  whatsoever  to  ye  said  tracte  of  Land 
and  town  ship,  with  all  beaches  pints  medows  marshes  swamps 
Rivers  brooks  coves  ponds  of  water  timber  and  stones  belonging  or 
in  any  maner  of  wise  appertaining  to  ye  said  tracte  of  Land  or 
township  as  above  bounded  and  all  that  therein  is  contained  or  in 
any  maner  of  wise  comprehended  To  Have  And  To  Hold  to  them  ye 
said  trustees  theire  associates  their  heirs  and  sucksesers,  with 
their  and  every  of  their  appurtenances  to  ye  only  proper  use  benefit 
and  behoofe  of  each  particular  Inhabitant  of  said  township  accord- 
ing to  their  Respective  appropriated  Rights,  and  ye  undivided  Land 
to  ye  proprietors  according  to  their  severall  Rights  and  propor- 
tions in  said  township  and  to  their  heirs  and  assigns  forever,  so 
that  neither  they  ye  said  Pomgomo  Chice  and  mahamanan  their 
people  nor  any  of  their  heirs  and  sucksessers  nor  any  other  person 
or  persons  for  them  or  any  of  them  or  in  their  or  any  of  their 
names  right  or  stead  of  any  of  them  shall  or  will  by  any  way  or 
meanes  hereafter  Claime  Chaleng  or  Demand  any  Estate  Right 
title  or  intrist  In  or  to  ye  premises  or  any  part  or  parcel  thereof, 
but  from  all  and  every  action  Right  title  or  interest  and  Demand  of 
in  or  to  ye  premises  or  any  part  or  parcel  thereof  they  and  every 
of  them  shall  be  utterly  Bared  forever  by  these  presents,  and  in 
full  Confirmation  hereof  that  ye  said  Pomgomo  Chice  and  maham- 
anan and  many  others  of  their  people  have  hereunto  set  their 
hands  and  seales.  In  Southampton  aforesaid  this  sixteenth  Day  of 
August  Annoye  Domie  1703.  Signed  sealed  and  delivered  in  ye 
presence  of  us 

Stephen  Boyer  "^ 

Arthur  Davis  L  his 

Benjamen  Marshall    J  POMGUMO     X     SACHEM 

mark 

his 
CHICE    X     SACHEM 
mark 

his 
MAHANUM     X     SACHEM 
mark 


270 


HiSroKY    OF    TtlE    runs    i)t    SOUTH  AM  HTON 


his 
Tomon     X     Indian 
mark 
his 
ned     X    Indian 
mark 
his 
ludas    X     Indian 
mark 
his 
Toby     X     Indian 
mark 


his 
Isaac    X     Indian 
mark 
his 
Weg-an    X    Indian 
mark 
his 
Benquam     X 
mark 
his 
Achigan     X     Indian 
mark 
his 
quatag-aboge    X     Indian 
mark 

Acknowledged  before  lohn  Wheeler  lustice 


his 
Obadiah    X    Indian 
mark 
his 
Wackwana    X     Indian 
mark 
his 
Nahanawas    X    India 
mark 
his 
Longatuck    X     Indian 
mark 


lohnman  X  Indian 
Wollwith  X  Indian 
Titus  X  Indian 
Aspoit  X  Indian 
Connady  X  Indian 
Enoshott  X  Indian 
masquamboin  X  Indian 
willsonasbouck  X  Indian 
Couchiack  X  Indian 
negion  X  Indian 


manchatice  X  Indian 
Aquaquank  X  Indian 
Naspausick  X  Indian 
Frank  X  Indian 
Ai-ther  X  Indian 
Wombon  X  Indian 
Angguano  X  Indian 
Redheaded  Will  X  Indian 
quemitt  X  Indian 
Nodian  X  Indian 
Wamp  Dick  X  Indian 

ye  signing  and  sealing  of  ye  22  Indians  as  above  was  done  on  ye  21 

day  of  August  1703  in  ye  presence  of 

Stephen  Boyer 
Arthur  Davis 

Wee  namely  giangonhut  Sachem  of  unckachohok  and  Sumono 
his  sister  wife  of  Pongomo  Sachem  vnthin  subscribed  belonging  to 
Shinecock,  doe  hereby  acknowledge  and  declai'e  ye  Right  title  and 
Interest  of  all  ye  Land  eastward  of  Setuck,  and  betwixt  peconeck 
and  ye  north  Bay,  and  ye  south  sea  or  mane  otion  according  to  ye 
bounds  of  ye  town  ship  of  Southampton  as  in  ye  within  Ritten  Deed 
of  Release  is  mentioned  and  exprest,  to  Reside  In  and  of  Right  doth 
belong  unto  Pomgomo,  Chice  and  mamhamamon  Indian  Sachems 
within  subscrbed  and  their  people  belonging  to  Shinnecock,  and 
therefore  wee  ye  sd  Wiangonhot  and  my  sister  Sumono  wife  of 
Pomgomo  aforesaid  for  Divers  good  causes  as  also  for  ye  sum  of 
five  pounds  In  hand  Received  have  hereby  remised  Released  and  for 
ever  quit  claimed  and  by  these  presents  for  ourselves  and  our  heirs 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  271 

&  sucksessers  fully  clearly  and  absolutely  Kemise  Release  and 
forever  quit  claim  unto  ye  within  mentioned  trustees  of  ye  Com- 
onalty  of  ye  town  oi  Southampton  aioresaid  and  their  asosiates 
their  heirs  and  sucksessers  in  their  full  and  peaceable  possession 
and  seazeing  all  such  Right  estate  title  Interest  and  Demand  what 
soever  as  they  ye  said  Wiangonhot  and  Summono  his  sister  had  or 
ought  to  have  of  in  or  to,  all  ye  tracte  of  land  or  towneship  men- 
tioned in  ye  within  Deed  of  Release,  so  that  neither  ye  said  Wian- 
gonhot and  his  sister  Sumono  nor  their  heirs  nor  any  other  person 
or  persons  for  him  or  them,  in  his  or  their  names,  or  in  ye  name  of 
Right  or  sted  of  any  of  them  shall  or  will  by  any  way  or  means 
hereafter  have  clame  chalenge  or  Demand  any  Right  title  or  In- 
terest of  in  or  to  ye  premises,  or  any  parte  or  parcel  thereof  they 
and  every  of  them  shall  be  utterly  excluded  and  barred  forever  by 
these  presents.  In  witness  whereof  wee  have  hereunto  sett  our  hands 
and  seales  In  Southampton  this  16th  day  of  August  in  ye  yeare  of 
our  Lord  Annoque  Domini  1703. 

his 
WIANGONHUT    O    SACHEM 
mark 
her 
SUMONO    X     SUNK  SQUA 
mark 
On  ye  said  16  day  of  August  1703 
ye  subscribed  Wiangonhut  and 
Sumono  sunk  squa  appeared  be- 
fore me  and  did  acknowledge 
this  instrument  to  be  their  ffree 
and  voluntary  act  and  deed. 

Test  lohn  Wheeler  lustice 

Signed  sealed  and  delivered 
in  ye  presence  of  us 
Stephen  Boyer 
Arthur  Davis 
Benjamin  Marshall 

A  true  copy  Test  Christopher  ffoster  Clerk 

Wee  namely  Pomguamo  Chice  Mahmanum  Indian  Sachems  in 
ye  presence  and  behalfe  of  ye  Rest  of  our  people  Doe  hereby  ac- 
knowledge to  have  Received  ye  sum  of  twenty  pounds  currant 
money  of  new  york,  of  and  from  ye  trustees  of  ye  Comonalty  of 
Southampton  which  said  sum  of  twenty  pounds  Wee  acknowledge  to 
be  in  full  satisfaction  of  ye  said  sum  mentioned  In  our  Deed  of 
Release  unto  ye  said  trustees  and  their  associates,  bearing  Date  ye 
sixteenth  day  of  August  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  three,  as 


272  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOlfN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

witness  our  hands  in  Southampton  this  twenty  first  day  of  August 
1703. 

Signed  and  delivered  his  mark 

in  the  presence  of  POMQUAMO    X    INDIAN  SACHEM 

Stephen  Boyer  his  mark 

Arthur  Davis.  CHICE    X    INDIAN  SACHEM 

his  mark 
MAHMANUM   X   INDIAN  SACHEM 
A  true  copy  Test  Christopher  ffoster  Clerk 
S.  T.  R.  Vol.  II  pp.  176-180. 


x\PPKXDlX  \'1I 

A  COPPIE-  OF  Ye  COMBYNATION   OF   SOUTHAMPTON   Wth 

HARFORD. 

(From  'TowTis  &  Lands,'  Vol.  I.  Doc.  No.  7.) 

PUBLIC  RECORDS  OF  CONNECTICUT 

163(5-65 

I 
Page  566 

Whereas  formerly  sume  Ouerturs  haue  by  letters  paste  betwixt 
sum  deputed  by  the  Jurissdiction  of  Conectecote  and  others,  of  ye 
plantation  of  Southampton  vpon  Long  Hand,  concerning  vnion  into 
one  boddy  and  gouemment,  wherby  ye  said  Towne  might  be  inter- 
ested in  ye  general  combination  of  ye  vnited  Collonies,  for  pros- 
secution  and  issuing  wherof,  Edward  Hopkins  &  John  Haines  being 
authorised  wth  power  from  ye  General!  Corte  for  ye  Jurisdiction 
of  Conecticute,  &  Edward  Howell,  John  Gosmore  and  John  More 
deputed  by  ye  Towne  of  Southampton,  It  was  by  the  said  parties 
concluded  &  agreed.  And  ye  said  Towne  of  Southampton  doe  by 
their  said  deputies,  for  themselues  and  their  successors,  assotiate 
and  joyne  themselues  to  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conecticote,  to  be  subiect 
to  al  the  lawes  there  established,  according  to  ye  word  of  God  and 
right  reason,  wth  such  exceptions  &  limmitations  as  are  hereafter 
expressed. 

The  Towne  of  Southampton,  by  reson  of  ther  passage  by  sea 
being  vnder  more  difficulties  and  vncertainties  of  repayreing  to 
ye  seueral  Corts  held  for  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conectecote  vpon  ye 
mayne  land,  wherby  they  may  be  constrained  to  be  absent  both  at 
ye  times   of  election   of  Magistrats   and  other  ocations,  wch   may 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  273 

proue  p'judicial  to  them ;  for  p'venting  whereof,  it  is  agreed,  yt  for 
ye  p'sent  vntil  more  plantations  be  settled  neere  to  ye  Towne  of 
Southampton  wch  may  be  helpful  each  to  other  in  publike  occations, 
(and  yt  by  mutual  agrement  betwixt  ye  said  Towne  and  ye  Gen- 
erall  Corte  for  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conectecote  it  be  otherwise  or- 
dered,) there  shalbe  yearly  chosen  two  Magistrats  inhabbiting 
wthn  ye  said  Towne  or  liberties  of  Southampton,  who  shal  haue  ye 
same  power  wth  ye  P'ticuler  Courts  vpon  ye  Riuer  of  Conectecote, 
though  no  other  Magistrats  of  ye  Jurisdiction  be  p'sent,  for  ye 
Administration  of  Justice  and  other  ocations  wch  may  conceme  the 
welfare  of  ye  said  Towne,  offences  only  wch  concerne  life  excepted, 
or  limbe,  wch  always  shalbe  tryed  by  a  Courte  of  Magistrats  to  be 
held  at  ye  Riuers  mouth,  wch  said  Magistrats  for  ye  Towne  afore- 
said, shalbe  chosen  in  manner  following: 

The  Towne  of  Southampton,  by  ye  freemen  thereof  shall  yerely 
p'sent  to  sume  Generall  Courte  for  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conectecote 
or  to  ye  Gouemer  thereof,  befor  ye  Court  of  Election,  wch  is  ye 
second  Thursday  in  Aprill,  the  names  of  three  of  their  members  of 
their  said  Towne,  and  such  as  are  freemen  thereof,  whome  they 
nominate  for  Magistrats  the  yeare  ensuing,  out  of  wch  ye  Generall 
Courte  for  ye  Jurisdiction  shall  chouse  two,  who  vpon  oath  taken 
before  one  or  both  of  ye  Magistrats  for  ye  p'cedent  yeare  at  South- 
ampton, for  ye  due  execution  of  their  place,  shal  haue  as  ful  power 
to  proceede  therin  as  if  they  had  beene  swome  before  ye  Gouernor 
at  Conectecote.  It  is  also  provided  yt  ye  freemen  of  ye  said  Towne 
of  Southampton,  shal  haue  libertie  to  ■^oat  in  ye  Courts  of  Election 
for  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conectecote,  in  regard  of  ye  distance  of  ye 
place,  by  proxie.  But  in  case  the  Towne  of  Southampton  shal,  by 
any  extreordinarie  hand  of  Providence,  be  hindred  from  sending  ye 
names  of  ye  three  p'sons  to  be  in  Election  of  Magistrats,  vnto  ye 
Generall  Court  in  Aprill,  or  hauing  sent,  ye  same  doe  miscarrie,  it 
is  in  such  case  then  prouided  &  agreed,  yt  ye  two  Magistrats  for  ye 
precedent  yeare  shal  supply  ye  place  vntill  ye  next  Generall  Court 
for  election. 

It  (is)  agreed  and  conchided,  yt  if  vpon  vewe  of  such  orders  as 
are  alreddy  established  by  ye  General  Court  for  ye  Jurisdiction  of 
Conectecoate,  there  be  found  any  difference  therin  from  such  as 
are  also  for  ye  present  settled  in  ye  Towne  of  Southampton,  the  said 
Towne  shal  haue  libertie  to  regulate  themselues  acording  as  may 
be  most  sutable  to  their  owne  comforts  and  conueniences  in  their 
own  judgment,  provided  those  orders  made  by  them  conceme  them- 
selues only  and  intrence  not  vpon  ye  interests  of  others  or  ye 
Generall  Combination  of  ye  vnited  Collonies,  and  are  not  cross  to 
ye  rule  of  riteousness.     The  like  powre  is  also  reserued  vnto  them- 


274  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOlfN   OF  SOUTHAMHTON 

selues  for  the  future,  for  making  of  such  orders  as  may  concerne 
their  Towne  ocations. 

It  is  agreed  &  concluded,  yt  if  any  party  find  himselfe  agreved 
by  any  sentence  or  judgment  passed  by  ye  Magistrats,  residing  at 
Southampton,  he  may  appeale  to  sum  p'ticuler  or  General  Court 
vpon  (the)  Riuer,  p'vided  he  put  in  securitie  to  ye  satisfaction  of 
one  or  both  of  ye  Magistrates  at  Southampton  sp>edily  to  prosecute 
his  said  appeale,  and  to  answer  such  costs  and  dammages  as  shalbe 
thought  meete  by  ye  Court  to  which  he  appeals,  in  case  there  be 
found  no  just  cause  for  his  appeale. 

It  is  agreed  &  concluded,  yt  ye  said  Towne  of  Southampton  shal 
only  beare  their  owne  charges  in  such  Fortifications  as  are 
necessarie  for  their  owne  defence,  maintaining  their  owne  officers 
and  al  other  things  that  concerne  themselues,  not  being  lyable  to  be 
taxed  for  fortificationa  or  other  expences  yt  only  apertaine  to  'the 
plantations  vpon  the  Riuer,  or  elswheare.  But  in  such  expences  as 
are  of  mutuall  &  common  concernement,  both  ye  one  and  the  other 
shal  beare  an  equall  share  in  such  proportion  as  is  agreed  by  the 
vnited  CoUonies,  vizt.  according  to  the  number  of  males  in  each 
plantation,  from  16  to  60  years  of  age. 

THE  OATH  TO  BE  TAKEN  AT  SOUTHAMPTON 

I,  A.  B.  being  an  inhabitant  of  Southampton,  by  ye  P'vidence 
of  God,  combined  wth  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conectecote,  doe  acknowl- 
edg  myself  to  be  subiect  to  ye  Gouernment  therof  &  do  sweare  by 
the  greate  and  dreadfull  name  of  the  euerliuing  God  to  be  true  & 
faithfull  to  the  same,  and  to  submit  both  my  person  &  estate  there- 
unto, acording  to  al  the  wholesum  lawes  and  orders  yt  are  or 
hereafter  shalbe  made  and  established  by  lawful  Authority,  wth 
such  limmitations  &  exceptions  as  are  expressed  in  ye  Combyna- 
tdon  of  this  Towne  wth  ye  aforesaid  Jurisdiction,  &  that  I  wil 
nether  plot  nor  practice  any  euil  against  ye  same,  nor  consent  to 
any  that  shal  so  doe,  but  wil  timely  discouer  it  to  lawful  authority 
there  established;  and  yt  I  wil  as  I  am  in  duty  bound  maintaine  the 
honner  of  the  same  and  of  ye  lawfull  Magistrats  thereof,  promote- 
ing  ye  publike  good  of  it,  whilst  I  shal  continue  an  Inhabbitant 
there;  &  whensoeuer  I  shal  giue  my  voate  or  suffrage  touching 
any  matter  wch  concerns  this  Common  Wealth,  bein  cald  therunto, 
I  wil  giue  it  as  in  my  conscience  I  shal  judg  may  conduce  to  ye  best 
good  of  ye  same,  wthout  respect  (of)  p'sons,  or  fauor  of  any  man; 
soe  help  me  God  in  ye  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

The  forementioned  agreements  wear  concluded  ye  day  & 
yeare  aboue  written,  betwene  ye  parties  aboue  mentioned  in  behalf 
of  ye  Jurisdiction  of  Conectecott  and  ye  Towne  of  Southampton, 
wth  refference  to  ye  aprobation  of  ye  Commissioners  for  ye  vnited 


HISTORY  Of  THE  TO/fN  OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON  275 

Collonies,  wch  being  obtayned  the  said  agreements  are  to  be  atended 
and  obserued,  according  to  ye  true  intent  and  purpose  thereof,  or 
otherwise  to  be  voyde  and  of  noe  effect;  and  in  testimonie  thereof 
haue  interchangably  (  )put  to  their  hands. 

(Endorsed  in  the  hand  writing  of  Secretary  Clark.)     A  coppy  of 
ye  Combination  with  Southampton 


APPENDIX  VIII. 

AGREEMENT  BETWEEN  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 
AND  THE  REV.  MR.  FORDHAM. 

The  agreement  betweene  the  towne  of  Southampton  and  the 
well  beloved  servant  of  the  lord  Mr.  Fordham,  concerneing  his  an- 
uall  mayntanance  for  his  labor  in  ye  worke  of  the  lord  amongst 
us,  first  wee  the  present  inhabitants  do  ingage  ourselves  to  paye 
in  current  country  paye  as  it  passeth  at  a  common  rate  three  score 
poundes  for  this  present  yere  to  beginne  the  first  day  of  this  pres- 
ent April  1649,  and  to  make  our  payments  half  yearely  by  equall 
portions,  ffurthermore  for  the  yeares  to  come  and  for  all  &  euery 
yeare  god  shall  be  pleased  to  continue  Mr.  ffordham  amongst  vs 
after  April  1659,  from  the  daye  of  ye  revolution  of  the  first  year 
aboue  mentioned,  it  is  fully  agreed  and  hereby  confirmed  that  the 
said  yearly  mayntanance  shall  be  fourscore  pounds,  per  annum  to 
be  levied  vpon  euery  man  according  to  their  sevei'all  possessions  of 
landes  in  our  plantation  of  Southampton,  &  the  bounds  thereof. 
Lastly  if  fforty  lotts  shall  not  be  ffilled  that  then  proportionable 
abatement  of  ye  said  four  score  pounds  is  to  be  made  according  to 
the  number  that  is  deficient,  in  consideration  where  of  Mr.  fford- 
ham's  owne  accommodations  are  not  to  be  liable  to  pay  any  part 
of  his  yearly  mayntanance  nor  yet  any  of  his  estate  if  the  Towne 
shall  see  cause  to  alter  the  waye  of  payment  as  concerning  ye  min- 
istry. This  agreement  was  consented  vnto  by  all  the  inhabitants, 
&  by  them  appoynted  to  be  recorded  in  the  towne  booke,  to  be  es- 
tablished in  the  behalf  of  the  whole  towne. 
Southampton  Town  Records. 
Vol.  I,  p.  56-7. 


276  HISTORY    OF   THE    TUH'N    Ot   SOUTHAMFTON 

APPENDIX  IX. 

DOCUMENTS  CONCERNING  ANDROS  PATENT 

1 

Southampton  Sept.  28th,  1676. 
Hon-ble  S'r. 

Wee  the  subscribed  the  p'r'sent  Constable  &  Overseers  of  this 
Towne  hereby  present  to  you  our  humble  service  etc.  Wee  have  had 
some  Intelligence  by  Mr.  Justice  Arnold  very  lately,  That  it  is 
your  hon'rs  pleasure,  our  Towne  and  Southold  should  send  vp 
against  the  next  Court  of  Assizes  the  reasons,  why  we  take  not 
out  a  Patent  for  our  lands  as  some  other  plantations  in  this  Juris- 
diction have  done:  Sr.  wee  alhvays  are  and  shall  bee  most  cheer- 
fully willing  and  ready  to  render  you  duty  and  the  best  satisfaction 
whereof  wee  are  capable.  But  in  reference  to  ye  p'r'missed  occasion 
being  straightened  by  tyme  we  are  bold  to  present  yo'u  here  in- 
closed a  Just  coppy  of  our  reasons,  which  sometime  vpon  like  In- 
junction our  Towne  &  the  Towne  of  Southold  sent  to  Coll.  Francis 
Lovelace,  Esq're  then  Govern'r,  whoe  (for  aught  wee  know)  ac- 
cepted them,  as  wee  hope  yo'r  Hon-r  will;  Soe  humbly  Craving 
yo-r  p-r-don  with  our  constant  and  sincere  desire  of  your  happines 
we  rest 

Sr  Your  servants 

Joseph  Rayner, 

Edward  Howell. 

John  Jaggar. 

Francis  Sayer,  John  Foster. 
2 
It  hath  pleased  yo'r  hon'r  to  require  of  vs  the  Inhabitants  of 
Southampton  to  receive  a  patent  from  you  for  our  lands  w'ch  wee 
have  long  possessed,  and  alsoe  to  Demand  of  vs  the  reasons  of  our 
delay:     Our  reasons,  some  of  them,  are  these: 

1.  Because  wee  apprehend  that  wee  have  a  just  &  lawful! 
right  and  title  to  our  land  already  without  such  a  pattent  ffor  at 
our  owne  cost  and  charge  (and  not  at  any  others)  wee  transported 
ourselves  into  these  forraine  parts,  and  here  purchased  our  lands 
wee  now  possess  of  the  Natives  the  then  proper  owners  of  them  and 
that  by  the  approbation  of  the  Lord  Sterlings  Agent.  And  alsoe 
have  with  long  and  hard  labour  subdued  parte  of  these  lands  with 
the  perill  of  our  lives  especially  in  those  times,  when  wee  were  few 
in  number,  but  ye  heathen  numerous. 

2.  Wee  have  possessed  our  lands  (some  of  vs)  about  the  space 
(•f  thirty  yeares  without  any  man  laying  claime  to  them  which  is 
Esteemed  a  matter  of  some  weight  in  law. 


«7J>rOW-  Ol-'  THE  TOPyN'OF  ^S^HJinAMWdN'''  277 

.\jfil^i  'BecauBe-itf^eemeth  a- new  and  etrang'thing  to  vs  thst  each 
Plantation  on  this  Island  should  bee  enjoyned  to  take  a  pattent  for 
f*heir  lands:  wefe  never  heaird  of  any  such  practice  in  England,  or  in 
any  of  his  Ma-'ties  Dominions,  that  every  Towne  or  Parish  is  en- 
joyned a  pattent:  although  ye  English  vnder  the-  Dutch  Governm't 
have  had  their  land-briefs. 

-''  4:  We  apprehend  Th^t  where  Pattents  are  made  vse  of  the 
Termes  and  Conditions  are  expressed  betweene  him  whoe  grants 
^nd  them  to  whome  the- 'grant- is  made,'  But  it  doth  not  seem  to  vs, 
to  bee  soe  in  the  Pattents  here  imposed.  But  persons  are  vponivn- 
certaineti4s  and  at  the  Will,  of  theire  Lords,  to  make  such  acknow- 
ledgments and  payments  from  tim,e  to  time  as  seemeth  good  to  him 
to  appoynt,  soe  that  men  know  not  what  to  looke  for  or  trust  vnto. 
'  5.  Lastly,  wee  ddnceive -that  the"  PrbclEtmktidh  made'*by  his 
Ma'ties  Comm'rs  here  in  the  yeare  64  assure  vs  of  as  much,  if  not 
more  then  this  Pattent  will  doe:  the  substance  of  w'ch  Proclamation 
V/aS  this,'  That  the  people  here  should  enjoy  whatsoever  Gods  bless- 
ing and  theire  owne  honnest  labours  had  furnished  them  with.  And 
after  thfs  Gov-r  Nicolls  gave  vnder  his  hand  that  we  should  have 
equall  privileges;  freedome  and  Immunities  (if  not  greater)  as  any 
of  his  Ma'ties  Collonies  in  New  England:  the  truth  is  (to  speake 
plainely)  wee  cannot  bee  free  to  pass  over  our  owne  proper  rights 
to  our  lands  into  other  mens  hands  and  put  ourselves  and  success- 
ours  into  a  state  of  Servitude,  which  if  soe,  whoe  will  pitty  or  helpe 
vs:  But  that  wee  may  not  bee  further  troublesome  to  yo-r  hori-r  at 
this  time,  wee  humbly  take  our  leave  of  you  and  reSt  ready  to  our 
abillities  to  render  all  such  dues  &  duties  as  either  the  law  of  God 
or  Nature  binde  vs  to. 

[NOTE:— The  reasons  given  by  Southold  are  word  for  word  the 
same.] 

3        . 

Vpon  reading  of, a  lettei-  &  pap-rs  from  the  Constables  &  over- 
seers of  Southton  bearing  date  the  28th  of  Septbr.  last  &  another 
without  date  (to  the  same  Effect)  from  Southold,  as  Reasons  for  not 
complying  with  the  Law  in  takeing  out  Grants,  Patents  or  Confirma- 
tions for  their  Towns  or  Lande,  The  Law  in  1664  &  orders  of  Co-rt 
of  Assizes  in  1666  &  1670,  relating  thereunto  being  thereup  read, 
The  Co-rt  give  Judgm-t  That  the  s-d  Towrvs  for  their  disobedience 
tp^Lawea.have  forfeited. all  their  titles  Rights  &  privileges  to  the 
lands  in  the  s-d  Townshipps  &  if  they  doe  not  by  Monday  ^fortnight 
next  (being  the  23d  day  of  this  instant  month)  send  up  the  ac- 
knowledgm't  of  their  past  Default  &  Resolves  &  Desire  to  obey 
&  fullfill  the  Law  &  the  severall  orders  of  the  Co-rt  of  Assizes,  for 
the  taking  out  their  Grants,  Patents  or  Confirmations,  as  directed 
by  Law,  Then  Execution  to  issue  out  by  Authority  of  this  C-rt  for 


278  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOtf'N    OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

the  above  forfeiture  to  the  use  of  his  Ma-ty  without  further  delay. 
All   p-r-ticular   p-r-sons   concerned   have   like   liberty   granted 
them  &  shall  be  rec'd  on  their  Application  to  have  Confirmations  or 
Grants  for  their  p-r-ticular  interests  according  to  L&vf. 

By  Order  of  the  Go:  &  Gen'll  C'rt  of  Assizes. 
The  Go:  doeth  further  grant  to  signify: 

Any  private  p'r'son  or  p'r'sons,  that  cannot  make  their  appli- 
cation w'th'n  the  time  limited,  giving  in  their  Names  &  Desires  to 
the  Justice  of  the  Peace  shall  have  further  seasonable  time  for 
their  Complyance  herein. 

[October  5,  1676].  By  Order  of  the  Go: 

4 
Whereas  the  hon'ble  Court  of  Assizes  held  at  New  York  the 
4th,  5th,  &c  Dayes  of  this  Instant  October  Adjudged  our  Towne  of 
Southampton  to  send  up  by  the  23d  Instant  theire  resolves  to  full- 
fill  the  law  for  takeing  out  patent  or  Confirmation  for  our  properties 
Interrests  &  liberties  wee  the  Subscribed  the  Constable  and  Over- 
seers of  ye  sd  Towne  of  Southampton  In  Obedience  vnto  our  hon'ble 
and  Esteemed  Govern'r  &  the  s'd  Act  of  the  Court  of  Assizes  Doo 
in  behalfe  of  our  sd  Towne  hereby  Depute  our  friends,  Mr.  Justice 
Topping  and  Capt.  John  Howell  with  all  possible  convenient  speed 
to  make  address  to  his  hon'r  Our  Govern'r  for  such  s'd  pattent  or 
Confirmations.  Also  to  present  the  Townes  service  to  his  hon'r  & 
to  crave  his  p'r'don  whereinsoever  ye  Towne  or  ourselves  have  any 
^^•ay  accidentally  though  not  intentionally  made  Default.  And  since 
by  devine  Providence  his  hon'r  is  now  in  singular  capacity  to  con- 
tribute to  our  Townes  wellfare  in  resnect  of  concernes  both  Civil 
Eclesiasticall,  To  beseech  his  hon'r  that  in  both  respects  hee  would 
please  to  bee  propitious  vnto  vs  in  this  so  weighty  con^erne,  since 
God  only  knowes,  who  may  hereafter  .'-.ucceed  him  to  Governe  vs  and 
our.  Soe  shall  wee  and  ours  have  cause  to  bee  ever  most  thankful! 
vnto  him  and  to  God  for  him.  and  to  said  Deputies  for  theire  painos. 

Francis  Sayer 

John  Foster 

Joseph  Rayner 

Edward  Howell 

John  Jaggar 
23d  of  October,  1676. 

(Col.  Docts.  XIV  pp.  722  et  seq.  Col.  Mss.  25:173.  25:174. 
25:176.  25:222). 


HIiiTORr  OF  THE  TUH'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTUN  279 

APPENDIX  X. 

GOV.  ANDROSS'  PATENT 

Edmund  Andros,  Esqr.,  Seigneur  of  Sausmarez,  Lieut  and 
Governo  Gen'all  under  his  Royall  Highness  James  Duke  of  Yorke 
and  Albany  &c.  of  all  his  Territorys  in  America  To  all  to  whom 
these  presents  shall  come  sendeth  Greeting:  Whereas  there  is  a 
certaine  Towne  in  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire  upon  Long  Island 
commonly  called  and  knowne  by  the  name  of  South  Hampton,  scit- 
uate,  lying  and  being  on  the  South  side  of  the  said  Island,  toward 
the  Maine  Sea,  having  a  certaine  Tract  of  Land,  thereunto  belong- 
ing, The  Eastward  Bounds  whereof  extend  to  a  certaine  place  or 
plaine,  called  Wa:nscott,  where  the  bounds  are  settled  betwixt  their 
Neighbours  of  the  Towne  of  East  Hampton,  and  them:  Their 
Southern  bounds  being  the  Sea  and  so  runs  westward  to  a  place 
called  Seatuck,  where  a  Stake  was  sett  as  their  farthest  extent  that 
way:  Then  Crossing  over  the  Island  to  the  Northward  to  Peacon- 
ock  great  River  (not  contradicting  the  Agreement  made  between 
their  Towne  and  the  Towne  of  South  Hold  after  their  Tryall  at  the 
Court  of  Assizes)  and  so  to  run  Eastwards  alongst  the  north  bounds 
to  the  Eastermost  po'nt  of  Hogg-Neck,  over  against  Shelter  Island: 
Includ'ng  all  the  Necks  of  Land  and  Islands,  within  the  afore  de- 
scribed Bounds  and  Limits:  Now  for  a  Confirmation  unto  the  pres- 
ent Freeholder,  Inhabitants  of  the  said  Towne  and  precincts:  Know 
Yee,  That  by  vertue  of  his  Ma'ties  Letters  Patents,  and  the  Com- 
mission and  Authority  unto  mee  given  by  his  Royall  Highness  I 
have  Ratifyed  Confirmed  and  granted;  and  by  these  presents,  do 
hereby  Ratifie  Confirme  and  grant,  unto  John  Topping,  Justice  of 
the  peace,  Capt.  John  Howell,  Thomas  Halsey,  Senior,  Joseph  Ray- 
nor.  Constable,  Edward  Howell,  John  Jagger,  John  Foster  and 
Francis  Sayers  Overseers;  Lieut.  Joseph  ffordham,  Henry  Pierson, 
John  Cooper,  Ellis  Cooke,  Samuel  Clarke,  Richard  Post  and  John 
Jennings,  as  Patentees,  for  and  on  the  behalfe  of  themselves  and 
their  Associates,  the  ff  reeholders  and  Inhabitants  of  the  said  Towne, 
their  Heires,  Successors  and  Assignes,  All  the  aforementioned  Tract 
of  Land,  with  the  Necks  and  Islands  within  the  said  Bounds  sett 
forth  and  described  as  aforesaid.  Together  with  all  Rivers,  Lakes, 
waters  Quarrys  Wood  land  Plaines  Meadows,  pastures.  Marshes, 
ffishJng,  Hawking  Hunting  and  ffowling,  and  all  other  Proffits,  Com- 
modities, Emoluments  and  Hereditaments,  to  the  said  Towne,  Tract 
of  Land  and  premises,  within  the  limits  and  bounds  aforementioned 
described,  belonging,  or  in  any  wise  appertaining:  To  Have  And  To 
Hold,  all  and  singular  their  said  lands,  hereditaments,  and  premises, 


280  HISTORY    Of   THE    TOff'N    OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

with  their  and  every  of  their  Appurtenances,  and  of  every  part  and 
parcell  thereof,  to  the  said  Patentees  and  their  Associates,  their 
Heires  Successors  and  Assignes  to  the  proper  use  and  behoofe  of 
the  said  Patentees  and  their  Associates,  their  Heires  Successors  and 
Assignes  for  ever.  The  Tenure  of  the  said  Land  and  premises,  to  bee 
according  to  the  Custome  of  the  Mannor  of  East  Greenwich  in  the 
County  of  Kent  in  England,  in  free  and  Common  Soccage  and  by 
fealty  only,  Provided  allways  notwithstanding  that  the  extent  of 
the  Bounds  before  recited  do  in  no  way  prejudice  or  infringe  the 
particular  propriety  of  any  person  or  persons  who  have  right  by 
Patent  or  other  Lawfull  Clayme,  to  any  part  or  parcell  of  Land  or 
Tenements  within  the  Limits  aforesaid:  only  that  all  the  Lands  and 
Plantacons  within  the  said  Limits  or  Bounds,  shall  have  relation  to 
the  Towne  in  Generall,  for  the  well  Government  thereof:  And  if  it 
it  shall  so  happen  that  any  part  or  parcell  of  the  Lande  within  the 
bounds  and  Limits  afore  described  be  not  already  Purchased  of  the 
Indyans  It  may  bee  purchased  (as  occasion)  according  to  Law,  I  do 
hereby  likewise  Confirme  and  graunt  unto  the  said  Patentees,  and 
their  Associates,  their  Heires,  Successors  and  Assignees,  All  the 
privilidges  and  Immunityes  belonging  to  a  Towne  within  this  Gov- 
ernment: And  that  the  place  of  their  present  Hsbitacon  and  abode 
shall  continue  and  retaine  the  name  of  South  Hampton,  by  which 
name  and  Stile,  it  shall  bee  distinguished  and  knowne,  in  all  Bar- 
gaines  and  Sales  Deeds,  Records  and  v^Titings —  They  the  said  Pat- 
entees and  their  Associates  their  Heires  Successors  and  Assignes 
making  Improvement  on  the  said  Lands,  and  Conforming  them- 
selves according  to  Law,  And  yielding  and  paying  therefore  yearly 
and  every  year,  as  an  Acknowledgement,  or  Quit  Rent,  one  fatt 
Lamb,  unto  such  officer,  or  officers,  there  in  Authority  as  shall  bee 
Empowered  to  receive  the  same.  Given  under  my  hand  and  sealed 
with  the  Seale  of  the  Province  in  New  Yorke,  the  first  day  of  No- 
vember, in  the  Eight  and  twentieth  yeare  of  his  Ma'ties  Reigne 
Annoq.  Domini,  one  thousand,  six  hundred  Seventy  Six. 

E.  ANDROSS. 
Examined  by  mee  and  Recorded 

Mathias  Nicolls,  Seer.  ■  ^  /  { 

Southampton  Town  Records  ' 

Vol.  II.  pp.  347-9. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  281 

APPENDIX  XI. 
PATENT  OF  GOV.  DONGAN. 

Thomas  Dongan  Capt.  Generall  Governor  in  Chiefe  and  Vice 
Admiral]  in  and  over  the  Province  of  New  Yorke  and  Territoryes 
Depending  thereon  in  America,  &c,  under  his  Majesty  James  the 
second  By  the  grace  of  God  King  of  England  Scotland  ffrance  & 
Ireland  Defender  of  the  faith  &c.  To  all  whom  this  shall  come  send- 
eth  Greefng  Whereas  the  Right  Honorable  Edmund  Andross  Eequire 
Seigneur  of  Suzrainte  Lievt,  and  Governr,  Genii,  under  his  Royall 
Highs  James  Duke  of  yorke  and  Albany  &c:  now  his  present 
Majesty  of  all  his  Territoryes  in  America  did  by  a  certaine  writeing 
or  Patent  under  the  seale  of  the  Province  bearing  date  the  first 
day  of  November  One  thousand  six  hundred  and  seventy  six  grant 
(^  Ratifye  and  confirme  unto  John  Toping,  Justice  of  the  peace,  Capt. 
John  Howell,  Thomas  Halsey  Senior  Joseph  Raynor  Constable  Ed- 
ward Howell  John  Jagger  John  Foster  and  Francis  Sayres  Over- 
seers Lievt.  Joseph  Fordham,  I^enry  Pierson,  John  Cooper,  EUice 
Cooke  Samuell  Clarke  Richard  Post  and  John  Jenings  as  Patentees 
for  and  in  tehalfe  of  themselves  and  their  Associates  the  ffreehold- 
ers  and  Inhabitants  of  the  Towne  of  Southampton  a  certaine  tract  of 
Land  lyeing  and  being  scituate  in  the  southside  of  Long  Island  in 
the  Eastriding  of  Yorkshire  towards  the  Maine  sea  the  Eastward 
bounds  where  of  extends  to  a  certaine  place  or  pla'ne  called  Wain- 
scott  where  the  bounds  are  settled  betwixt  their  Neighbors  of  the 
Towne  of  Easthampton  and  them  their  southern  bounds  being  the 
sea  and  so  runns  Westward  to  a  place  called  Seatuck  where  a  stake 
was  sett  at  their  furthest  extent  that  way  then  crossing  over  the 
Inland  to  the  northward  to  Peaconock  great  river  not  contradicting 
the  agreement  made  betweene  their  towne  and  the  towne  of  southold 
after  their  tryall  at  the  Court  of  Assizes  and  so  to  runn  Eastward 
alongst  their  north  bounds  to  the  Easternmost  part  of  Hoggeno'-k 
over  against  shelter  Island  includeing  all  the  necks  of  Land  and 
Islands  within  the  aforesaid  described  bounds  and  limitts  together 
with  all  Rivers  Lakes  waters  quarries  Woodland  plaines  meadowesi 
pastures  marshes  fishing  hawking  hunting  and  fowling  and  all  other 
profitts  Comodityes  and  hereditaments  to  the  said  Towne  tract  of 
Land  and  premisses  within  the  L'mitts  and  bounds  aforemenconed 
described  belonging  or  in  any  wise  appertaineing  To  Have  and  To 
Hold  all  and  singular  the  said  Lands  hereditaments  and  premisses 
with  their  and  every  of  their  appurtennces  and  of  every  part  and 
parcell  thereof  to  the  said  Patentees  and  their  associates  ther 
heires  Successors  and  Assignes  forever  according  to  the  tenure  & 


282  HISTORY    Ut    THE    TUffN   UF  SUUTHAMFTON 

custome  of  the  Manor  of  East  Greenwich  within  the  County  of  Kent 
in  England  in  free  an  Comon  Soccage  and  by  fealty  only  Provided 
alwayes  notwithstanding  that  the  extent  of  the  bounds  before  recited 
do  nowayes  prejudice  or  infringe  the  particular  proprictyes  of  any 
person  or  persons  who  have  right  by  Patent  or  other  lawfull  claime 
to  any  part  or  parcell  of  land  or  Tenements  within  the  Limitts 
aforesaid  only  that  all  the  Land  and  Plantacons  within  the  said 
Limitts  or  bounds  shall  have  relacon  to  the  towne  in  Genii  for  the 
well  government  thereof  And  if  it  shall  so  happen  that  any  part  or 
parcell  of  the  lands  within  the  bounds  and  limitts  aforedescribed 
be  not  already  purchased  of  the  Indyans  it  may  be  purchased  (as 
occasion)  according  to  law  And  moreover  he  the  said  Edmond  An- 
dross  Lievt  and  Governr  Genii  as  aforesaid  did  further  grant  and 
confirme  unto  the  said  Pattentees  and  their  Associates  their  heires 
Successors  and  Assignes  all  the  priviledges  and  Imunityes  belong- 
ing to  a  towne  within  this  Government  and  that  the  place  of  theire 
present  habitacon  &  abode  shall  continue  and  retaine  the  name  of 
Southampton  by  which  name  and  stile  it  shall  be  distinguished  and 
Knowne  in  all  bargaines  &  sales  Deeds,  Records  and  writeings  they 
the  said  Patentees  and  their  Associates  their  heires  Successors  and 
Assignes  makeing  improvement  on  the  said  land  and  confirmeing 
themselves  according  to  law  and  yielding  and  paying  therefore 
yearly  &  every  yeare  as  an  acknowledgement  or  Quittrent  on  fat 
l&mb  unto  such  officer  or  officers  as  shall  be  impowered  to  receive 
the  same  as  by  said  Patent  Recorded  in  the  Secretaryes  Office  re- 
lacon being  thereunto  had  may  more  fully  and  at  large  appeare. 
And  Whereas  of  Late  some  difference  hath  happened  betwoene  the 
Inhabitants  of  said  towne  of  Southampton  and  the  Indyans  adjacent 
to  said  towne  concerning  the  bounds  above  specifyed  and  also  that 
the  clauses  above  expressed  for  constituting  them  a  towne  and  giv- 
ing them  privileges  and  Immunityes  are  not  sufficient  in  the  law  to 
convey  to  them  such  privileges  &  Imunityes  as  was  designed  to  be 
given  them  And  Whereas  Major  John  Howell  a  ffreeholder  and  one 
of  the  Patentees  of  the  aforesaid  towne  of  Southampton  by  Order 
of  the  ffreeholders  of  the  said  towne  hath  made  application  unto  me 
that  I  would  confirm  unto  ye  ffreeholders  of  said  Town  in  a  more 
full  &  ample  manner  all  the  abovecited  tracts  and  parcells  of  land 
within  the  limitts  and  bounds  aforesaid  and  finally  determine  the 
difference  between  the  Indyans  and  the  ffreeholders  of  the  said 
towne  of  Southampton  And  also  that  I  would  Erect  the  said  towne 
of  Southampton  within  the  Limitts  and  bounds  aforesaid  into  one 
Township  Now  Know  Yee  That  I  the  said  Thomas  Dongan  By  virtue 
of  the  power  and  authority  to  me  derived  from  his  most  Sacred 
Majesty  aforesaid  and  in  pursuance  of  the  same  have  examined  the 
matter  in  variance  between  the  ffreeholders  of  the    said  Towne  of 


HISTORY  Of  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  283 

Southampton  and  the  Indyans  and  do  finde  that  the  ffreeholders  of 
the  Towne  of  Southampton  aforesaid  have  lawfully  purchased  the 
lands  with'n  the  Limitts  and  bounds  aforesaid  of  the  Indyans  and 
have  payd  them  therefore  according  to  agreement  so  that  all  the 
Indyan  right  by  virtue  of  said  purchase  is  invested  into  the  ffree- 
holders of  the  Towne  of  Southampton  aforesaid  and  for  and  in  con- 
sideracon  of  the  quittrent  hereinafter  reserved  and  other  good  and 
lawfull  consideracons  me  thereunto  moveing  Have  Granted  Ratifyed 
Released  and  Confirmed  and  by  these  presents  do  grant  Ratifye 
Release  and  Confirme  unto  Major  John  Howell  Thomas  Hallsey 
Senior  Edward  Howell  John  Jagger  John  Foster  Francis  Sayres 
Joseph  ffordham  Henry  Pearson  Samuell  Clarke  Job  Sayers  Wil- 
liam Barker  Isaac  Halsey  ffreeholders  &  Inhabitants  of  Southamp- 
ton heerin  after  erected  and  made  one  body  Corporate  and  Poli- 
tique and  willed  and  determined  to  be  called  by  the  name  of  the 
trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  comonalty  of  the  Towne  of  South- 
ampton and  their  Successors  all  the  afore  recited  tracts  &  necks 
cf  land  within  the  bounds  and  limitts  aforesa'd  together  with  all 
and  singular  the  houses  Messuages  Tenements  buildings  millnes 
millnedames  fencings  Inclosures  gardens  orchards  fields  pastures 
woods  underwoods  trees  timber  Comon  of  pattue  feedings  mead- 
owes  marshes  swamps  plaines  Rivers  Rivolets  waters  lakes  ponds 
Brookes  streames  beaches  Quarris  mines  mineralls  Creeks  liar-, 
hours  highwayes  and  Easements  fishing  hawking  hunting  and  fowl- 
ing (silver  and  gold  m'nes  Excepted)  and  all  other  franchizes 
profitts  Comodityes  and  hereditaments  whatsoever  to  the  said  tracts 
&  neckes  of  land  and  premises  belonging  or  in  any  wise  appurtane- 
ing  or  therewith  all  used  occupyed  accepted  reputed  or  taken  to  be- 
long or  in  anywayes  to  apperta"ne  to  all  intents  purposes  and  con- 
structions whatsoever  as  also  all  and  singular  the  rents  arrearages 
of  rents  Issues  and  profitts  of  the  sa'd  tract  of  land  and  premisses 
heretofore  due  and  payable  To  Have  And  To  Hold  all  the  aforere- 
cited  tract  and  parcell  of  land  and  premises  with  their  and  every 
cf  their  appurtenances  unto  the  said  Major  John  Howell  Thomas 
Hallsey  Senior  Edward  Howell  John  Jagger  John  Foster  Francis 
Sayers  Joseph  Fordham  Henry  Pierson  Samuell  Clarke  Job  Sayers 
William  Barker  Isaac  Halsey  ffreeholders  and  comonalty  of  the 
towne  of  Southampton  and  their  Successors  forever  to  and  for  the 
severall  and  Respective  uses  following  and  to  no  other  use  intent 
and  purpose  v/hatsoever  That  is  to  say  as  for  and  concernng  all 
and  singular  the  severall  respective  parcells  of  Land  and  meadov/ 
part  of  the  granted  premises  in  any  wayes  taken  up  and  appro- 
priated before  the  day  of  the  date  hereof  unto  the  several  and  re- 
spective present  ffreeholders  and  Inhabitants  of  the  said  towne  of 
Southampton  by  virtue  of  the  aforerecited  deed  or  Patent  to  the  only 


284  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

use  benefite  and  behoofe  of  the  said  respective  present  ffreeholders 
and  Inhabitants  and  to  their  several!  and  respective  heires  and  As- 
signes  forever  And  as  for  and  concerninp:  all  and  every  such  par- 
cell  or  parcells  tract  or  tracts  of  land  Remainder  of  the  Granted 
premises  not  yet  taken  up  or  appropriated  to  any  particular  person 
or  persons  by  virtue  of  the  aforerecited  deed  or  Patent  to  the  use 
benefite  and  behoofe  of  such  as  have  been  purchasers  thereof  and 
their  heires  and  assigns  forever  in  proporcon  to  their  severall  and 
respective  purchases  thereof  made  as  tenants  in  Comon  without  any 
lett  hindrance  or  molestation  to  be  had  or  reserved  upon  pretence 
of  joynt  tenancy  or  survivorship  anything  contained  herein  to  the 
contrary  in  any  ways  notwithstanding  To  Bee  Holden  of  his  said 
Majesty  his  heires  and  Successors  in  ff ree  and  Comon  Soccage  ac 
cording  to  the  Mannor  of  East  Greenwich  in  the  County  of  Kent 
v.'ithin  his  Majesty's  Realme  of  England  Yeilding  rendering  and 
paying  therefore  yearly  and  every  yeare  from  henceforth  unto  our 
Sovereigne  Lord  the  King  his  heires  and  Successors  or  to  such  Officer 
or  Officers  as  shall  be  appointed  to  receive  the  same  the  sume  of 
one  lamb  or  the  value  thereof  upon  the  five  and  twentieth  day  of 
march  at  New  Yorke  in  full  of  all  Rents  or  former  reserved  rents 
services  acknowledgements  and  demands  whatsoever  And  further 
By  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority  to  me  the  said  Thomas  Don- 
gan  as  aforesaid  given  and  in  pursuance  of  the  same  and  for  the 
reasons  and  consideracons  above  recited  I  have  willed  determined 
declared  and  granted  And  by  these  presents  do  will  determine  de- 
clare and  grant  that  the  said  Inhabitants  and  ffreeholders  the 
ffreemen  of  Southr4mpton  aforesaid  Comonly  called  by  the  name  of 
the  ffreeholders  and  Inhabitants  of  the  towne  of  Southampton  or 
by  whatever  name  or  names  they  are  called  or  named  &  their  heires 
and  Successors  forever  hence  forward  are  and  shall  be  one  body 
Corporate  and  Politique  in  Deed  and  name  by  the  name  of  the  trus- 
teess  of  the  ffreeholders  &  comonalty  of  the  towne  of  Southampton 
and  them  by  the  name  of  the  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  com- 
onalty of  the  towne  of  Southampton  one  body  corporate  and  Poli- 
tique in  Deed  and  name  I  have  really  and  fully  for  his  said  Majesty 
his  heires  and  Successors  erected  made  ordained  const' tuted  and 
declared  by  these  presents  and  that  by  the  same  name  they  have 
succession  forever  And  that  they  and  their  Successors  by  the  name 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  comonalty  of  the  towne  of 
Southampton  be  and  shall  be  forever  in  future  times  persons  able 
and  Capable  in  law  to  have  perceive  receive  and  possesse  not  only 
all  and  singular  the  premises  but  other  messuages  lands  Tenements 
Priviiedges  Jurisdictions  franchizes  and  hereditaments  of  whatso- 
ever kind  or  species  they  shall  be  to  them  and  their  Successors  ^'n 
ffee  forever  or  for  the  term  of  a  yeare  or  yeares  or  otherwise  what- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  285 

soever  manner  it  be  and  also  goods  Chattells  and  all  other  things  of 
v/hatsoever  name  nature  quality  or  species  they  shall  be  and  also 
to  give  grant  release  aliene  assigne  and  dispose  off  lands  Tene- 
ments hereditaments  and  all  and  every  other  act  and  acts  thing  and 
things  to  do  and  Execute  by  the  name  aforesaid  and  that  by  the 
same  name  of  the  trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  comonalty  of  the 
towne  of  Southampton  to  plead  and  be  impleaded  answer  and  be 
answered  unto  defend  and  be  defended  they  are  and  may  be  Cap- 
able in  whatsoever  place  and  places  and  before  whatsoever  Judges 
and  Justices  or  other  persons  or  ofRcialls  of  his  said  Majesty  his 
heires  and  Successors  in  all  &  all  manner  of  accons  Plaints  suites 
Complaints  causes  matters  and  demands  whatsoever  of  what  kind 
quality  and  species  the  same  be  and  shall  be  in  manner  and  forme 
as  any  other  of  his  majestyes  Liedge  people  within  this  Province  can 
or  are  able  to  have  require  receive  possesse  Enjoy  retaine  give  grant 
release  aliene  assigne  and  dispose  plead  &  be  impleaded 
answer  and  be  answered  unto  defend  and  be  defended  do 
permltt  or  execute  And  for  the  better  enabling  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  ffreeholders  and  comonalty  of  the  towne  of 
Southampton  aforesaid  in  doing  and  Executing  all  and  singular 
the  premisses  I  have  willed  granted  and  determined  and  by  these 
presents  do  will  grant  and  determine  that  from  henceforward  and 
forever  hereafter  the  said  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  Com- 
onalty of  the  towne  of  Southampton  doe  and  may  have  and  use  a 
Common  seale  which  shall  serve  to  Execute  the  causes  and  affairs 
whatsoever  of  them  and  their  Sucessors  And  further  I  will  and 
by  these  presents  in  behalfe  of  his  said  majesty  his  heires  and  Suc- 
cessors that  henceforward  forevermore  there  be  and  shall  be  Trus- 
tees of  the  ffreeholders  and  comonalty  of  the  towne  of  Southampton 
aforesaid  to  be  chosen  and  elected  as  in  these  presents  hereafter 
is  menconed  who  shall  be  and  shall  be  called  the  Trustees  of  the 
ffreeholders  and  Comonalty  of  the  towne  of  Southampton  and  they 
and  their  Successors  shall  and  may  at  all  convenient  times  hereafter 
upon  a  publique  sumons  to  be  obtained  at  the  request  of  any  three 
of  the  Trustees  aforesaid  from  any  of  his  Majesty's  Justices  of  the 
peace  of  the  said  towne  or  for  default  thereof  from  any  of  the 
Justices  of  the  County  of  Suffolk  for  the  time  being  assemble  and 
meet  together  in  the  towne  house  of  the  said  towne  or  in  such  other 
publique  place  as  shall  be  from  time  to  time  appointed  to  make  such 
acts  and  orders  in  writing  for  the  more  orderly  Doeing  of  the  prem- 
isses as  they  the  said  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  Comonalty  of 
the  towne  of  Southampton  aforesaid  and  their  Successors  from  time 
to  time  shall  and  may  think  Convenient  so  allwayes  as  the  said  acts 
and  orders  be  in  no  wayes  repugnant  to  the  laws  of  England  and  of 
this  Province  which  now  are  or  hereafter  may  be  Established  and 


280  HISTORY  OF  THE  TUU'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

that  they  be  not  in  any  wayes  against  the  true  intent  and  meaning 
of  these  presents  And  also  I  will  ordaine  and  determine  that  all  and 
singular  the  aforesaid  acts  and  orders  from  time  to  time  shall  be 
made  and  ordered  by  the  vote  of  the  Major  part  of  the  said  Trustees 
of  the  ffreeholders  and  Comonalty  of  the  towne  of  Southampton 
aforesaid  or  at  least  by  the  vote  of  the  Major  part  of  such  of  them 
as  shall  from  time  to  time  Assemble  and  meet  together  in  manner 
as  aforesaid  so  allwaycs  there  be  not  fewer  in  number  than  seaven 
of  the  said  Trustees  present  at  such  meetings  so  to  be  held  as  afore- 
said and  for  the  better  execucon  of  this  grant  in  this  behalfe  I  have 
assigned  nominated  Created  Constituted  and  made  and  by  these 
presents  do  assigne  nominate  Create  Constitute  and  make  Major 
John  Howell  Thomas  Halsey  Senior  Edward  Howell  John  Jagger 
John  Foster  Francis  Sayres  Joseph  Fordham  Henry  Pearson  Sam- 
uell  Clarke  Job  Sayres  William  Barker  Isaac  Halsey  to  stand  and 
be  the  first  modern  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  Comonalty  of 
the  Towne  of  Southampton  to  continue  in  the  aforesaid  Office  from 
and  after  the  date  of  these  presents  until  the  time  that  others  be 
elected  and  chosen  in  their  stead  According  to  the  manner  and  forme 
hereinafter  expressed  And  moreover  I  do  by  these  presents  for 
and  on  the  behalfe  of  his  Most  Sacred  Majesty  aforesaid  his  heires 
and  Successors  appoint  that  the  Trustess  of  the  ffreeholders  and 
Comonalty  of  the  town  of  Southampton  Constables  and  Assessors 
within  the  towne  of  Southampton  aforesaid  be  yearly  chosen  on 
the  first  tuesday  of  Aprill  forever  viz:  twelve  Trustees  of  the  ffree- 
holders and  Comonalty  of  the  towne  of  Southampton  two  Constables 
and  two  Assessors  in  such  publique  place  as  the  trustees  for  the 
time  being  shall  appoint  and  direct  and  that  the  Trusteess  Con- 
stables and  assessors  be  Chosen  by  the  Majority  of  voices  of  the 
ffreeholders  and  freemen  of  the  towne  of  Southampton  aforesaid 
And  Lastly  I  give  and  grant  for  and  on  behalfe  of  his  said  Majesty 
his  heires  and  Successors  by  these  presents  to  all  and  every  person 
and  persons  and  to  whatsoever  person  subject  to  his  said  Majesty 
his  heires  and  Successors  free  and  lav^rfull  power  ability  and  author- 
ity that  they  or  any  of  them  any  messuages  Tenements  Lands 
meadows  feedings  pastures  woods  underwoods  rents  revercons  ser- 
vices and  other  hereditaments  whatsoever  within  the  said  County 
of  Suffolke  (which  they  hold  of  his  Sayd  Majesty  his  heires  and  Suc- 
cessors unto  the  aforesaid  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  Comonalty 
of  the  towne  of  Southampton  and  their  Successors  shall  and  may 
Give  grant  Bargaine  sell  and  alienate  to  have  hold  and  Enjoy  unto 
the  said  Trustees  of  the  ffreeholders  and  Comonalty  of  the  Towne  of 
Southampton  and  their  Successors  forever  Yeilding  and  paying 
therefore  unto  his  said  Majesty  his  heires  and  Successors  on  the 
said  twenty  fifth  day  of  march  yearly  and  every  yeare  forever  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  287 

full  and  just  sume  of  forty  shillings  Current  money  of  this  Province 
at  Newyorke  Wherefore  by  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority  afore- 
said I  do  will  and  Command  for  and  on  behalfe  of  his  said  Majesty 
his  heires  &  Successors  that  the  aforesaid  ffreeholders  and  Com- 
onalty  of  the  towne  of  Southampton  and  their  Successors  have  hold 
use  and  Enjoy  And  that  they  shall  and  may  forever  have  hold  use 
and  Enjoy  all  the  Libertyes  authorityes  Customes  orders  ordin- 
ances franchizes  acquittances  lands  Tenements  and  hereditaments 
goods  and  Chattels  aforesaid  according  to  the  tenure  and  effect  of 
these  presents  without  the  lett  or  hinderance  of  any  person  or  per- 
sons whatsoever  In  Testimony  Whereof  I  have  caused  the  seale  of 
the  said  Province  to  be  hereunto  affixed  and  these  presents  to  be 
entered  in  the  Secretaryes  Office  Witness  my  hand  at  Fort  James' 
the  sixth  day  of  December — One  thousand  six  hundred  Eighty  six 
&  in  the  second  yeare  of  his  said  Majestyes  Reigne 

Thomas  Dongan. 


APPENDIX  XII. 

WOOLWORTH  AGREEMENT. 

These  presents  Witnesseth  an  Agreement  made  and  concluded 
on  Betweene  Mr.  Aaron  Woolworth,  Minister  of  the  Gospel  of  the 
One  Part,  And  the  Subscribers  Hereunto,  Inhabitants  of  the  Parish 
ct  Bridge  Hampton  of  the  other  Part  as  follows  (Viz):  That  the 
said  Mr.  Aaron  Woolworth  Doth  hereby  Covenant  and  promise  to, 
and  Agree  with  them  the  Inhabitants  Aforesaid  to  Settle  with 
them  and  carry  on  the  Work  of  the  Ministry  Amongst  them  and 
perform  in  all  Points  matters  and  things  relating  thereunto  faith- 
fully and  Conscienciously  According  to  his  Ability  from  time  to 
time  and  at  all  times  during  life  or  so  long  as  he  shall  be  able;  And 
that  the  Subscribers  hereunto  of  the  Parish  aforesaid  do  hereby 
Promise  and  Bind  themselves  and  Engage  firmly  by  these  Presents 
unto  him  the  said  Mr.  Aaron  Woolworth  that  upon  his  performing 
the  Work  of  a  Gospel  Minister  amongst  them  as  above,  That  we 
the  Inhabitants  of  the  Parish  aforesaid  do  agree  to  give  unto  him, 
the  said  Mr.  Woolworth,  the  sum  of  One  Hundred  Pounds,  New 
York  Currency,  also,  the  House  and  Three  acres  of  Land  adjoining, 
which  this  Parish  purchased  of  Mr.  James  Brown  as  pr  Deed  Speci- 
fied as  A  Settlement,  And  further  we  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Parish 
aforesaid  do  promise  to  pay  Each  one  and  every  one  yearly  and 
every   year  during   the   time   that  the    said    Mr.    Woolworth   shall 


288 


HISTORY    Ot    THE    TUHN    OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


carry  on  the  said  Work  amongst  them  as  aforesaid  their  Just  and 
full  proportions  of  One  Hundred  and  Ten  Pounds,  New  York  Cur- 
rency, also  the  use  and  Improvement  of  a  certain  piece  of  Land 
adjoining  House  and  Land  above  said,  also  the  Use  and  Improve- 
ment of  a  certain  piece  of  Land  called  and  known  by  the  name  of 
the  Western  Parsonage,  also  a  sufficient  Quantity  of  Fire  Wood 
for  his  own  Consumption  not  Exceeding  Fifty  Loads  annually,  as  a 
Salary  Which  shall  be  Assessed  by  Men  chosen  of  the  Parish  from 
time  to  time  for  that  End.  And  for  the  Confirmation  of  the  above 
Agreement  and  every  Article  contained  therein,  Each  party  have 
mutually  set  their  Hands  hereunto.  Dated  the  2nd  day  of  July  & 
in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  1787. 

Aaron  Woolworth. 


Ebenezer  White 
John  Hulbert 
Daniel  Howell 
Stephen   Pierson 
Nathan  Norris 
Mathew  Pierson 
Timothy  Halsey 
Elihu  Halsey 
Samuel  Howell 
David  Pierson 
David  Hains 
John  Gelston 
David  Hedges 
Timothy  Pierson 
David  Woodruff 
Simeon  Halsey 
Zephaniah  Topping 
Silas  Topping 
Stephen  Tallmadge 
Benjamin  Woodruff 
John  Rogers 
Stephen  Ludlam 
Josiah  Cooper 
Stephen    Mitchell 
Joshua  Hildreth 
Nathan  Post 
Josiah  Sandford 
Elias  Sandford 
Ezekiel  Howell 
David  Topping 
Silvanus  Pierson 
Job  Sandford 


Mathew  Pierson,  Jr. 
Theophilus  Pierson 
Abraham  Sandford 
Silvanus  Topping,  Jr. 
Charles  Topping 
Joseph  Topping 
Samuel  Pierson 
Ethan  Halsey 
David   Hildreth 
Thomas  Gelston 
Henry  Pierson 
Silas  Cooper 
John  Corwithe 
Abraham  Topping 
Silvanus  Halsey 
Moses  Halsey,  Jr. 
James  Terry 
Stephen  Topping 
Elihu  Howell 
Lemuel  Pierson,  Jr. 
Williams  Pierson 
Jonathan  Hedges 
Elias  Hedges 
David  Topping,  Jr. 
Mathew  Topping 
Jonathan  Hedges,  Jr. 
John  Dains 
Henry  Corwith 
Hugh  Gelston,  Jr.. 
Paul  Dains 
William  Pierson 
Daniel  Hedges 


A 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


289 


Stephen  Rose 
Stephen  Halsey 
Ethan  Topping 
Samuel   A.   Rose 
Daniel   Stratten 
Daniel  Tallmadge 
Stephen  Hains 
Elias  Halsey 
Daniel  Halsey 
Job  Pierson 
Caleb  Pierson 
Lewis  Sandford 
Benjamin  Sandford 
Jeremiah  Sandford 
Lodowick  Post 
Charles  Pierson 
Peter  Hildreth,  Jr. 
James  Sayre 
John  White 
William  Rogers 
Henry  Topping 
Silas  Hand 
John  Pierson 
Lemuel  Hains 
Abraham  Rose 
Zebulon  Pierson 
Philip  Howell 
Edward  Topping 
David  Sayre 
Silas   White 


Lewis  Stanbrough  v 
Jedediah  Pierson 
Isaac  Jessup 
Abraham  Pierson 
Mathew  Halsey,  Jr. 
Jonathan  Rogers 
Abraham  Rose 
John  T.  Rogers 
Theophilus   Cook 
Jesse  Woodruff 

Stephen  Stambro  (X  his  mark) 
^Silas  Woodruff^ 
Elias  Woodruff 
Stephen  Howell 
Price  Howell 
Josiali  Hand 
Asa  Hillyer 
David  Hand 
Benjamin  Sayre,  Jr. 
Gideon  Hand 
John  Harris,  Jr. 
Silvanus   Topping,   Senr. 
Lemuel  Pierson 
Abraham  Howell 
Walter  Howell 
Daniel  Woodruff 
David  Howell 
Jeremiah  Parker 
Henry  Moore 


Memorandum — It  is  understood  by  us,  the  Subscribers,  that 
by  the  within  Covenant  this  Parish  are  holden  to  Support  Mr.  Aaron 
Woolworth  agreeable  thereto  so  long  as  he  continues  in  a  Pastoral 
relation  to  them  which  relation  is  only  dissolved  by  Death  or  a 
regular  Dismission  by  a  Council  mutually  chosen  by  the  Church  and 
Congregation  and  Mr.  Aaron  Woolworth  for  that  purpose. 


John  Hurlburt 
Daniel  Halsey 
Timothy   Halsey 
Ebenezer  White 
Timothy   Pierson 
Elias  Halsey 


David  Hedges 
Samuel  Howell 
David  Pierson 
William  Rogers 
David  Hains 
John  Gelston 


Committee. 


•jyo  HisTuK)  ut  iHL  ruHi\  uf  sul  i hami'ton 

APPExXDlX  XIII. 
INVENTORIES. 

Iiueiili  r\  of  the  goodb  ui  Mr.  William  Browne,  lale  of 
Southampton,  Gentleman,  made  July  24th,  1650. 

£         s.      d. 
Imprimi.s  3  kine  and  2  steeres  and  2  calves  32         5         tj 

Item  Sheepe 

Item  swine  2  barrows,  2  sows,  &  2  piggs  09         I'         0 

A  quarter  share  of  a  small  ship  in  the  return 

of  a  quarter  part  of  19  hogsheads  of  Sugai  y        11         6 

from  England,  come  to  our  hands  in  goods  a*" 

their  cost  in  England  to  the  value  of  14       11         5 

3  remnants  of  narrow  cloth  22  yards  at  7  shil- 
lings per  yard 
19  yards  of  house  linnen 
more  2  small  remnants  of  linnen 
3  yards  and  V2  of  tradeing  cloth  at  8s.  per  yard 
bedding  blankets  coverlids  and  pillows,  a  greene 

rugg,  and  curtaines  and  5  striped  stuffed  cai 

pitts,  and  a  yard  a  quarter  of  linsey  woolsey 
Item  in  pewter  134  bb.  at 
Item  in  brass  vessels 
Item  in  steeles  table  cloth  and  napkins,  pillow 

cases  and  touells  and  1  paire  of  boote  hose 

tops 
Item  in  bookes 
Item  1  warming  pan  3  candle  sticks  and  2  skim 

mers,  1  frying  dish,  2  skillets,  1  pestle  and  1 

great  (word  gone)  and  other  implements 
Item  more  1  couerlid,  and  2  old  blankets 
Item   in   nayles   400,  buttons  clasps   and   other 

trade  0       13 

Item  in  galls,  alum,  sheeps  wool  an  old  pillion, 

cloth,  sackes  bagges  and  measures  0       IB 

Item  5  dozen  and  five  sickles,  and  4  small  bars 

of  iron 
Item  iron  bolts  [1  line  gone] 

[2  lines  at  top  of  page  gone] 
1  firkin  of  soap  and  a  churne  1  bushell  of  salt, 

and  grind  stone  0      18 

Item  2  sacks,  4  spitts,  1  dripping  pan  1  baker 

3  paire  of  pot  hangers,  1  mortar  and  pestile  1       05 


07 

14 

0 

01  ' 

05 

0 

0 

16 

6 

1 

07 

0 

23 

12 

0 

08 

0 

0 

05 

0 

0 

13 

0 

0 

06 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

HISTORY  OF  THE  TOffN  Ut  SOUTH  AM  FTUN 


291 


Item  1  still,  2  pair  of  plow  irons,  chaines  hookes 

and  other  implements 
Item  3  mattocks,  2  beetle  rings,  4  wedges  1  saw 

and  two  scale  beams,  and  other  small  things 
Item  1  match  lock  musket,  a  barrell  for  a  gun 
Item  2  glass  bottles,  and  2  earthern  pots,  and  2 

old  short  scythes,  and  a  small  parcel  of  sugar, 

and  12  tubbs 
Item  3  old  pails  &  3  wooden  bowls,  1  basket 

halfe  a  bushel  of  wheate,  and   Vz   bushel  of 

malt,  and  Vz  bushel  of  pease,  a  little  bacon, 

pork,  butter,  cheese,  and  spice 
1  balance  with  lead,  and  leaden  weights. 
Item  in  gold,  and  silver  in  his  purse 
Item  in  debts  whereof  some  desperate 
Item  his  apparell 
Item  200  of  iron 
a  remnant  of  cloth,  4  barrels,  a  sword,  an  old 

broad  axe 

Total 

S.  T.  R.  Vol.  1.  pp.  67-69. 


1 

01 


DO 

13 
0 


16 


0 
0 


3 

0 

0 

0 

12 

0 

0 

15 

0 

9 

13 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

160 

0 

0 

An  inventory  of  the  estate    of    the    late    deceased    Mr. 
Tosiah  Stanboroueh  as  followeth  : 


16  cowes 

2  old  oxen 

4  young  oxen 

8  steers  come  4  years  old 

7  steers  &  2  heifer  cows  3  years  old 

3  steers  &  2  heifers  come  2  years  old 
13  calves 

150  sheep 
12  hogs 
A  goat 

a  mare  and  horse 
a  bay  mare  &  filly 
the  old  horse 
the  young  horse 
the  hay  and  wheat 

3  acres  of  Indian  corne 
6  little  iron  pots 

4  pots 

5  iron  kettles 


£ 

s. 

d. 

64 

00 

00 

16 

00 

OO 

21 

00 

OO 

44 

oo 

00 

38 

10 

00 

15 

10 

00 

13 

00 

00 

70 

00 

oo 

10 

oo 

oo 

00 

36 

D8 

21 

00 

DO 

20 

00 

00 

10 

00 

00 

09 

DO 

00 

22 

00 

00 

05 

DO 

00 

02 

08 

00 

02 

12 

00 

01 

10 

00 

292  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOtfN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

6  skillets 

4  mortars  14s.  4  pots  4£   is 
2  iron  kettles 

5  barres  of  iron 
wheels  and  old  iron  and  other  lumber 

4  iron  pots 

iron  ware  sold  to  East  hampton 

broad  ax  Jack  and  other  tools 

hookes 
92  Jbs.  of  wool 
G  pair  of  sheets 
a  bed  &  2  rugs 

bed  tick  and  pair  of  blankets 
a  fether  bed  and  bolster  and 

some  other  old  bedding 

wearing  clothes 
2  hats  broad  cloth  kersey  and  stuff 
2  peeces  of  stuff 
a  piece  of  broadcloth 
a  gun  sword  &  pistol 
2  chests  and  boxes 
a  table  &  10  barrels 
pewter  and  some  other  things 
a  grind  stone  &  pails 
a  firkin  of  butter 

the  howse  land  and  accommodations 
4  brass  kettles,  a  friing  pan  a  tramell 

and  2  pair  of  pot  hooks 

buttons  silke  cardes  a  remnant 

of  cotton  and  other  lumber 
a  fether  bed,  2  bolsters  and  a 

blanket  and  2  pillows 
a  winnow  sheet,  and  woolen  yarn 

and  some  other  things 

S.  T.  R.  Vol.  II  pp.  10-11. 

August  24th,  1662.     This  is  an  envoice  of  the  chattels 
and  goods  of  the  late  deceased  John  White. 


11  mares  and  colts 

2  horses 

2  horses  more 

2  young  mares  and  a  young  horse 

6  working  oxen 


01 

10 

00 

04 

14 

00 

02 

10 

00 

03 

10 

00 

05 

00 

00 

02 

15 

00 

11 

10 

05 

01 

15 

00 

02 

10 

00 

06 

00 

00 

06 

00 

00 

03 

00 

00 

03 

06 

00 

03 

10 

00 

08 

00 

00 

08 

00 

00 

07 

14 

00 

03 

DO 

00 

03 

00 

00 

01 

00 

00 

01 

10 

00 

01 

10 

00 

00 

10 

80 

01 

08 

00 

150 

m 

00 

06 

Ofl 

00 

02 

10 

00 

05 

00 

00 

01 

10 

DO 

£ 

s. 

d. 

187 

00 

DO 

023 

00 

DO 

024 

00 

DO 

027 

00 

DO 

045 

00 

00 

HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfFN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  293 

a  bull,  two  steers  come  4  years  old 
2  steers  of  2  years  old 
10  Cows 

4  heyfers  come  3  years  old 

5  young  cattell  come  2  years  old 
7  calves 
30  sheep 

12  hogs  and  two  pigs 

a  200  It),  alottment  with  houseing  &  fencing 
a  cart,  plow  and  such  furniture 
Carpenters    tools,    sycths,    sickles    wedges    ana 

turning  tools 
Lyning  cloth  sheets  and  other  things 
G  Beads  and  furniture  for  another 
new  leather 

A  saddle,  bridle  &  gearths 
Wool  &  Salt 
Flax 

Wearing  clothes  &  wooling  cloth 
4  chests  &  a  desk 
Iron  pots,  hangers,  pot  hooks,  frying  pans  spits 

smoothing  iron  &  other  od  things 
2  guns  and  a  sword 
Brass 

Pewter  &  a  lanthorne 
Books 

Gold  &  Silver 
Thread  &  Silk 

Lace,  silk  &  other  small  things 
Small  leather  skins 
Spade,  howes,  corn,  whale  bone  oyle  mattocks 

and  such  like 
In  debts 
In  poarke 
Barrells,  tubs,  wheels  hangings  for  bead  cub 

bard  beadsteads  jares  &  grind  stone 
A  share  in  ye  mill,  cart  rope 
A  table  chairs  &  other  lumber 
A  cow,  a  yearling  and  a  calf 

Sum  total 

S.  T.  R.  Vol.  II  pp.  23-24, 


016 

00 

00 

008 

,  00 

00 

050 

■   00 

00 

016 

00 

00 

014 

00 

00 

007 

00 

00 

015 

00 

00 

016 

00 

00 

150 

00 

00 

003 

00 

00 

006 

00 

00 

050 

00 

00 

070 

00 

00 

002 

10 

00 

002 

00 

00 

003 

10 

00 

002 

10 

00 

029 

00 

00 

002 

10 

00 

005 

00 

00 

002 

16 

00 

013 

10 

00 

008 

00 

00 

003 

10 

00 

032 

00 

00 

002 

02 

00 

006 

00 

'  00 

002 

00 

00 

005 

00 

00 

014 

00 

00 

002 

00 

00 

006 

00 

00 

003 

00 

00 

004 

00 

00 

007 

10 

00 

885 

08 

00 

294 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOftN  Of  SOUTHAMFTON 


An  envoice  of  the    estate 
Cooper. 

10  mares 

1  horse 

4  horses  3  years  old 
A  yearling  horse 

2  mares,  foals 
4  horse  coults 
4  mare  foals 
4  horse  coults 


A  bull  4  years  old 

A  yearling  heifer 

3  calves 

1  Bed  and  furniture 

All  the  old  iion  &  lumber 

Pewter 

A  mortar,  brass  &  brass  pot  &  kettell  &  other 

brass 
A  iron  pot 
Sheets  &  other  linen 
chests  &  boxes 

Gold  &  silver  spoon  &  other  small  things 
Books 

House  &  land 
Sheets  &  other  linen 
Wearing  clothes 
1  hat  &  spectacles 
A  chest  &  stockings 
A  buff  coat 

Sum  total 

S.  T.  R.  Vol.  II.  pp.  26-27. 


of    the    late    deceased    John 


£ 

s. 

d. 

120 

00 

00 

10 

00 

00 

30 

00 

oo 

08 

00 

00 

22 

00 

00 

40 

00 

oo 

32 

00 

00 

28 

00 

00 

15 

00 

00 

04 

10 

00 

01 

L5 

00 

02 

10 

00 

10 

DO 

00 

04 

00 

oo 

01 

08 

00 

02 

06 

oo 

00 

10 

00 

01 

10 

00 

00 

16 

00 

01 

10 

00 

01 

00 

00 

21 

00 

00 

02 

00 

00 

11 

00 

00 

02 

00 

00 

01 

00 

00 

02 

00 

00 

374 

15 

oo 

APPENDIX  XIV. 


PAPERS  RELATING  TO  SHIP  ADVENTURE 


[These  papers  are  referred  to  on  "page  284.  Calendar  of  State 
Papers  Colonial  1699,"  but  not  given.  The  original  documents  are 
now  in  "Colonial  Office  Series,  Class  324,  Vol.  7,  pp.  47-53."  London. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  295 

As  given  here  they  are  taken  from  transcrips  in  Library  of 
Congress,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  last  three  from  the  originals 
in  London,  as  they  had  not  yet  been  transcribed.  None  have  been 
printed  before.] 

Letter  from  Mr.  Gib't  Heathcote  with  Several  Copies 
of  the  Affidavit  relating  to  the  Seamens  running  away  with 
the  Ship  Adventure  bound  for  Borneo  Captain  Gullock 
Commander. 

To  Mr.  Popple. 
Sr. 

Herewith  are  16  Copies  of  the  Oathes  made  before  my  Lord 
Chief  Justice  Holt  concerning  the  Loss  of  the  Ship  Adventure  Cap- 
tain Gullock,  in  her  voyage  for  Borneo,  as  also  the  Descriptions  of 
the  Ship,  Cargo  and  men  that  run  away  with  her. 

My  humble  Request  in  behalf  of  myself  and  the  other  Mer- 
chants concerned  is,  that  their  Lordships  would  be  pleased  to  send 
one  of  these  to  Each  of  His  Majesty's  Governments  in  the  West 
Indies,  with  their  Orders  to  the  Governors  Deputy  Governors  &c 
to  make  all  diligent  Search  after  the  Ship  and  Cargo,  to  secure 
the  same  without  Imbesselments  for  our  use  till  we  can  give  our 
Directions  about  it. 

As  for  the  Villains  that  Run  away  "with  her,  it  would  be  a 
National  good  to  have  'em  made  Examples,  but  the  manner  of  pro- 
ceeding against  them  is  humbly  submitted  to  their  Lordships  great 
Wisdom.     I  am 

Sr.  Your  most  humble  Servant 

Gilbert  Heathcote. 
St.  Swithins  Lane 
June  the  10th,  1699. 

Affidavit  of  Captain  Gullock  Comander  of  the  Ship  Ad- 
venture bound  for  Borneo  relating  to  the  Seamen  running 
away  wth  ye  sd  Ship. 

Thomas  Gullock  of  London  Mariner  maketh  Oath,  that  he  this 
Deponent  being  Master  or  Commander  of  the  Ship  Adventure  of 
London,  burthen  about  three  hundred  Tunns,  mounted  with  Two 
and  Twenty  Guns,  belonging  to  Mr.  Gilbert  Heathcote  Merchant  of 
London  and  Company,  which  said  Ship  and  Cargo,  being  of  the 
value  of  Thirteen  Thousand  pounds  or  thereabouts,  was  in  the 
Month  of  March  1697/8,  bound  out  upon  a  Voyage  upon  the  said 
Ship  to  the  Island  of  Borneo  in  the  East  Indies,  and  accordingly 
did  in  pursuance  of  the  said  Voyage  proceed  and  Sail  near  the 
Island  Nayas  upon  the  Coast  of  Sumatra,  and  having  occasion  for 


296  HISTORY    OF   THE    TUIVN    OF  WUTHAMFTON 

water  did  come  to  an  Anchor  before  the  said  Island,  with  intent 
to  supply  the  said  Ship  with  Water,  and  in  Order  thereunto  did 
send  his  Second  Mate  with  severall  Seamen  in  the  Long  Boat  be- 
longing to  the  said  Ship  on  shoar  the  said  Island.  But  this  De- 
ponent, beleiving  the  Natives  of  that  Island  to  be  savage  and  bar- 
barous, did  for  the  Security  of  his  men  goe  afterwards  on  Shoar 
in  his  Yaule  with  more  help;  And  this  Deponent  further  saith 
that  the  water  being  filled  he  ordered  the  Long  Boat  to  go  on 
Board  with  the  same,  which  they  did,  and  also  took  the  Yaule  with 
them  and  left  this  Deponent  on  Shoar  upon  the  said  Island  with 
fourteen  of  the  said  Ships  Company  without  any  manner  of  Pro- 
visions or  other  Necessaries  of  Life,  and  immediately  after  they 
were  on  board  did  loose  the  said  Ships  Sayles  and  stood  off  to  Sea, 
and  a  small  time  after  did  send  the  Yaule  on  shoar  with  five  per- 
sons, who  told  this  Deponent  that  when  they  came  on  board  they 
did  immediately  with  Armes  in  their  hands  seize  upon  the  Chiefe 
Mate  saying  he  was  their  Prisoner,  and  the  Ship  and  all  that  was 
in  her  was  their  owne,  and  then  did  cut  the  Cable  and  run  away  with 
the  said  Ship  and  Cargo.  And  this  Deponent  further  saith  that, 
according  to  the  best  of  his  remembrance  he  hath  affixed  here- 
unto a  true,  exact,  and  particular  Account  of  the  names  of  the 
Severall  Seamen  that  run  away  with  the  said  Ship,  together  with 
their  Severall  ages,  and  Descriptions  of  their  Severall  persons, 
and  likewise  a  Description  of  the  said  Ship  and  Cargo. 
Jurat  coram  me  Thomas  Gullock. 

(13th  die  May  1699) 

John  Holt  Vera  Copia. 

Drew  Hacker  and  William  Whitesides  affidavit  relating 
to  the  same  subject. 

Drew  Hacker  Gent'n  and  William  Whitesides  Boat  Swain  of  the 
said  Ship  Adventure  doe  severally  make  oath  that  they  have  seen 
and  do  beleive  the  Affidavit  of  Captain  Gullock  to  be  true  in  all 
particulars  thereof;  and  further  say  that  they  remained  on  board 
the  said  Ship  all  the  time  whilst  the  said  Captain  Gullock  and 
the  rest  of  the  Seamen  went  on  Shoar  for  water,  and  as  soon  as 
Joseph  Bradish  the  Boat  Swains  Mate,  and  the  rest  of  his  Crew 
returned  on  board  the  said  Ship  with  the  said  Water  they  imme- 
diately seized  the  said  Ship  cutt  the  Cable  and  stood  off  to  Sea, 
and  declared  the  Ship  and  Cargo  was  their  own,  this  Deponent 
Drew  Hacker  says  he  was  immediately  turned  on  Shoar  in  the 
Yaule  with  four  hands  more;  and  this  Deponent  William  White- 
sides  says  he  was  on  board  four  days  longer,  and  then  suffered  to 
goe  away  with  the  Chief  Mate  and  Armourer  in  the  Long  Boat,  and 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


297 


after  twenty  three  days  met  with  a  Dutch  Ship,  which  carried  them 
tb  Batavia.  Drew  Hacker 

Jurat  13         Die  May  1699  William  Whiteside 

Coram  me  John  Holt  Vera  Copia  ex  Original 

Names  and  Descriptions  of  the  Persons  of  the  Men  who 
run  away  with  the  Ship  Adventure  and  her  Cargo  on  the 
17th  of  September  1698. from  the  Island  Nayas  in  East 
India. 

'  Years, 

of   ordinary    Stature,   well    sett,   round   vis- 
age,  fresh   complexion,   darkish   hair,   pock-     25 
fretten,  and  aged  about 

of  ordinary  Stature,  rawboned,  very  pale 
complexion,  dark  hair,  remarkably  deformed  30 
by  an  attraction  of  the  Lower  Eylid 
Tall,  lusty,  rawboned,  long  visage.  Swarthy  28 
Short,  well  sett,  swarthy,  much  pork  fretten  35 
Andrew  Martin  Short,  thick  great  Lips,  black  bushy  hair  35 
Scot 

Short,   very   well   sett,  round   visage,  fresh 
coloured  20 

Short   and    small,   black,    much    Squint-eyed     18 
Short,  very  well   sett,  fresh  coloured,  pock 
fretten  20 

Short,  very   small,  black,  blind   of  one  Eye     18 
Tall,  Maugre,  sickly  complexion,  large  black 
Eyes      ;  Scot  30 

Short,  well  sett,  broadfaced,  darkish  hair         30 
Short,  black,  fresh  coloured,  lamish  of  both 
Leggs  20 

Short,    thick,    broadfaced,    bad    complexion, 
dark  hair       "Scot  28 

Short,  small,  fair  complexion        Scot  25 

Ordinary  Stature,  long  visage,  very  yel- 
lowish, bad  complexion  25 
Short,  Small,  sharp  chin'd,  redish  hair  22 
Short,  well  sett,  fresh  coloured,  black  hair  25 
Short,  small  fresh  coloured,  very  down  looke  20 
Cornels  Larking  Ordinary  Stature,  thick,  fatt,  fresh  coloured 

and  fair  18 

Edward  Ham         Small,  very  black  35 

Francis  Read         Short,  and  small,  redish  hair  18 

Rowland  Martin   Ordinary    Stature,   fresh   Coloured,   Black   a 

Dane  28 


Joseph  Bradish 


John  Lloyd 


Thomas  Hughs 
John  Peirce 


Wm.  Simpson 

Thos.  Simpson 
James  Vanner 

Jee  Witherly 
Thos.  Jameson 

Cooper 
Wm.  Griffith 
John   Parrot 

Robt.  Knox 

Tho  :    Dean 
Robt.  Mason 

Tho.  Davis 
Tho  :  Edgill 
Ellmore  Clark 


298  HISTORY    Ot    THE    TOfVM   Ut   SOUTHAMPTON 

John  Westby         Short,    red    hair,    kept  on  board  by  force, 

Chyrurgeons  mate  25 

Rob't  Amsden       Small  and  black,  kept  by  force 

Carpenters  Mate  18 

Wm.  Saunders      Ordinary  Stature,  well  sett,  fresh  coloured, 

black  hair  15 

A  Description  of  the  Shipp  Adventure 

She  is  a  Hag  Boat,  Ipswitch  built,  about  350.  Tunns  mounted 
with  Twenty  two  Gunns,  viz  upon  the  quarter  Deck  Six,  through 
round  ports,  upon  Main  Deck  14,  all  Sakers,  having  so  many  ports 
and  no  more,  and  upon  the  Gunn  Deck,  only  Two  Demy  Culverings, 
with  only  those  two  Ports  just  before  the  back  head  of  the  Gun 
Room;  She  had  Several!  small  Ballast  Ports  made  for  her  first  de- 
signed Lading  of  Coals;  her  Gun  Deck  is  not  layed  between  the 
fore  and  after  Hatchways,  only  three  streaks  on  each  side  under 
the  Standards,  and  two  Streaks  on  each  side  the  Hatchways;  nor 
have  those  Midship  Beams  ever  had  any  barlongs  fixed  onto  them; 
She  hath  five  Lights  in  her  Round  house,  and  as  many  in  the  Great 
Cabin;  her  quarter  Deck  comes  within  15  or  16  foot  of  her  Main 
Mast,  between  which  is  a  Cabstane  from  the  quarter  Deck  to  the 
Entring  place;  she  hath  gange  ways  with  two  close  Cabins  under 
each,  she  is  well  enough  carved  and  yellow  painted  only  the  Bugi- 
lugs  between  the  Windows  are  black,  she  hath  badges  on  her 
quarters,  and  a  freezework  runns  between  the  fife  Rale,  and  the 
plane  Sheere  quite  aft;  only  one  Boat  which  is  a  Pinnace  about 
thirty  foot  long  rowes  with  nine  Oars  well  carved  and  adorned. 

The  Cargo  consisted  of 

Scarlet  and  other  Coloured  Cloth 

Perpetuanoes  and  Broad  Flannells 

Opium,  Iron  and  Lead 

Fuzoes  with  brass  work  upon  the  Stocks. 

Small  Iron  Gunns:  all  about  200.  weight. 

Grapnells  and  Anchors  from  50t.  to  2  or  3ct.  weight 

And  Spanish  Dollars  33500. 

The  Plate  and  Opium  Chests  and  Bales  marked  O.  A. 

Deposition  of  Simon  Bonan 

The  said  examinant  saith  that  upon  Tuesday  the  21st  of  this 
Just  March  he  was  at  East  hampton  on  the  Island  of  Nassau  and 
did  see  a  ship  rideing  at  anchor  off  the  said  Town  of  East  Hamp- 
ton, upon  the  South  Side  of  the  Island,  whereupon  he  the  said  Ex- 
aminant together  with  one  Capt.  Mulford,  and  some  others  belong- 
ing to  the  said  Town,  took  a  Whale  boat  and  went  on  board  the  said 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  299 

ship  wch  the  Seamen  said  was  of  burthen  about  370  Tuns  22  Guns 
and  belongd  to  London,  the  Captain  was  ashoar  but  the  mate  was 
aboard,  and  said  they  came  from  Guinea  but  they  saw  noe  negros 
aboard,  he  said  he  was  bound  for  Pensilvania,  they  sold  some 
small  armes  to  some  of  the  people  who  went  aboard  wth  them, 
that  she  was  navigated  wth  25  men  or  there  abouts,  they  said  she 
had  sundry  goods  aboard,  but  had  ordrs  not  to  break  bulk  nor  to 
Sell  any  goods,  but  found  the  people  very  much  ....  and  that 
they  had  been  from  London  15  months.  Then  this  Examinant  re- 
turned ashoar,  he  saw  the  Captain  at  Jno.  Mulfords  house  wth  Coll 
Peirson  and  two  Ministers  wth  him,  and  afterwards  heard  that  Coll 
Peirson  went  wth  the  said  Capt.  to  New  London,  and  that  he  had 
hired  three  Sloops,  one  at  Southampton  and  two  at  Southold,  and 
the  next  day  the  ship  was  gone  I  heard  that  she  went  to  the  East- 
ward, having  taken  a  pilot  called  Samll.  Hand  along  wth  him. 

Simon  Bonan. 

Deposition  of  Henry  Peirson,  Esq. 

Who  being  duly  sworn  on  the  Evangelists  of  God,  and  Examined 
saith  that  on  or  about  the  20th  of  last  moneth  he  this  Deponent 
saw  a  Ship  under  saile  off  Sagaponnack  toward  the  East  End  of 
Nassau  Island,  and  took  boat  wth  severall  persons,  and  went  on 
board  the  said  ship,  and  Inquiring  what  ship  she  was  answer  was 
made  she  was  from  London,  and  he  asking  whither  she  was  bound, 
v/as  answered  to  Pensylvania,  he  alsoe  asking  how  long  they  had 
been  from  England  was  answered  about  fifteen  moneths.  The  per- 
son who  passed  for  Capt  of  the  sd  ship  asked  for  Afresh  provisions, 
and  desired  to  come  on  shoar  wth  this  Deponent,  in  ordr  to  fur- 
nish himselfe  therewith,  which  this  Deponent  Consented  to  not 
doubting  or  suspecting  anything  of  ill  in  the  man  because  that  upon 
this  Deponents  asking  his  name,  he  frankly  owned  his  name  to  be 
Joseph  Bradish,  and  that  he  was  borne  in  Cambridge  near  Boston 
and  that  his  father  and  Relations  lived  in  or  near  Charlestown,  by 
Boston  aforesaid,  upon  his  comeing  ashoar  he  furnishd  himselfe 
v/ith  provisions,  Mr.  White,  the  Minister  of  the  said  Sagaponnack 
being  att  this  Deponts  house  att  his  coming  ahsoar  wth  the  said 
Joseph  Bradish,  and  the  said  Joseph  Bradish  desireing  to  ride  out 
to  some  Towne  he  this  Depont  together  wth  Mr.  White  the  Min- 
ister rode  with  him  to  the  Towne  of  East  Hampton  which  is  about 
five  miles  from  this  Deponts  house,  where  there  were  severall  per- 
sons who  said  they  knew  his  the  said  Bradish's  relations  Then 
this  Depont  and  Mr.  White  and  the  said  Bradish  returned  the  same 
day  to  this  Deponts  house,  and  Bradish  went  on  board  the  ship 
that  night,   and   came  back  again  the  next  Day   to   this   Deponts 


300  HISTORY'    OF   THE    TOHN   OF  SOUTH  AM  HON 

house  bringing  with  him  four  baggs,  two  of  which  had  as  he  said; 
a  Thousand  Dollars  or  pieces  of  eight  in  each  and  the  other  two 
baggs  had  as  he  said  four  hundred  Dollars  or  pieces  of  Eight  in 
each  he  the  said  Bradish  sealling  up  the  said  four  baggs  and  leave- 
ing  them  with  this  Deponent,  att  his  house  together  with  a  small 
bagg  of  Jewells  which  bag  of  Jewells  was  alsoe  sealed  up  wth  the 
same  scale  as  the  other  baggs  were  he  this  Deponent  giveing  a  re- 
ceipt undr  his  hand  to  the  said  Joseph  Bradish  for  the  aforesaid 
five  baggs,  this  depont  further  saith,  that  the  said  Joseph  Bradish 
gave  him  Two  small  guns  and  a  Cask  of  Powdr  of  about  60  weight 
as  the  said  Bradish  said  one  Jewel  and  a  small  bagg  of  peices  of 
eight  wch  this  Deponent  never  opened,  while  Bradish  was  att  this 
Depots  house  he  sent  for  some  bottles  of  wine  and  beer  to  the  mate 
and  some  bottles  were  brought  to  this  Deponts  house  but  how  many 
this  Depont  took  no  acct  and  farther  this  Deepont  saith  not. 

Henry  Peirson. 

Deposition  of  Cornelius  Schillinx 

Who  being  duly  sworn  on  the  holy  Evangelists  of  God  and 
Examined  saith  that  on  or  about  Tuesday  the  twenty  first  Inst. 
This  Deponent  being  at  East  Hampton  in  the  Island  of  Nassau,  saw 
a  Certain  ship  lying  about  a  League  from  the  Shore  over  against 
the  said  Town  of  East  Hampton,  and  did  with  five  or  six  more  go 
wth  an  Intention  to  go  on  board,  but  being  disencouraged  by  a 
Boat  from  on  board  the  said  ship  went  not,  but  was  Informed  by 
the  people  in  the  said  Boat,  That  the  said  ship  was  Generally 
thought  and  reported  to  be  a  Privateer  or  Pyrate  and  by  their 
Observation  as  well  as  by  this  Deponts  was  a  Dutch  Built  ship, 
and  that  the  aforesaid  people  had  both  seen  and  bought  severall 
Dutch  arms  and  knives.  The  aforesaid  ship  was  said  to  have  been 
about  three  hundred  and  seaventy  Tuns  and  to  have  been  about 
fifteen  moneths  from  England.  He  this  Deponent  further  saith 
yt  he  heard  that  Lt.  Coll.  Henry  Peirson  had  been  on  board  the 
said  ship,  and  brought  the  Capt.  of  the  said  ship  (one  Bradish)  on 
shoar  wth  him  to  Sagaponnack  to  his  the  said  Lt.  Coll.  Peirsons 
house  this  Depont  alsoe  heard  that  three  sloops  had  been  on  board 
the  said  ship,  and  unloaded  her,  the  mastrs  of  two  wch  sloops  were 
Ebenezer  Meggs  and  one  Carter  Gillum  the  former  of  wch  lives 
in  Homonosset  or  Guilford  In  Connecticut  Colony  the  lattr  in  South 
Hold  on  Long  Island.  The  name  of  the  third  this  Depont  remem- 
bers not,  and  after  the  said  sloops  had  so  unloaded  her,  this  Depont 
was  Informed  that  they  fired  Guns  into  her  bottom,  and  sunk  her 
some  of  wch  Guns  this  Depont  believes  he  heard —  further  that 
some  Indians  who  had  been  on  board  Informed  this  Depont  that 
they  had  seen  ai'ms  lye  on  board  about  ye  said  ship  as  thick  as 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOtVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  301 

straws,  wch  they  took  to  be  Dutch  arms,  and  that  some  other 
Indians  had  brought  on  shoar  wth  them  a  parcell  of  hatts  and 
Dutch  knives  and  further  this  Depont  saith  not. 

Cornelius  Schillinx. 


APPENDIX  XV. 

EARLY  SAG  HARBOR  IMPRINTS. 

(I  have  received  most  kind  assistance  in  compiling  the  fol- 
lovi^ing  list  from-  Mr.  Wilberforce  Eames  and  Mr.  0.  B.  Ackerly.) 

"Verses  occasioned  by  the  Loss  of  the  Brig  Sally,  on  Eaton's 
Neck,  January  16,  1791,  together  with  some  reflections  said  to 
have  been  made  by  Capt.  Keeler  during  the  storm."  (D.  Froth- 
ingham.) 

The  Holy  Bible  abridged:  or,  the  history  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testament  Illustrated  with  notes,  and  adorned  with  cuts.  For  the  use 
of  children.  Sagg-Harbour,  Printed  by  David  Frothingham,  1791. 
(This  was  advertised  on  Sept.  13,  1791  as  now  printing  and  in  a 
short  time  ready  for  sale.) 

"A  plain  and  serious  address  to  the  Master  of  a  Family  on 
the  Important  subject  of  Family  Religion,  by  Phillip  Doddrige,  D. 
•D.     Sagg    Harbour,    printed    by    David    Frothingham    MDCCXCI." 
(36  pp). 

The  Rights  of  Animals;  an  oration  delivered  at  the  commence- 
ment of  Providence  College  Sept.  7,  1791  by  Herman  Daggett  can- 
aidate  for  the  master's  degree,  (quotation  from  Solomon.)  Sagg 
Harbour  printed  by  David  Frothingham  MDCCXCII. 

Proposals  for  printing  (at  the  printing  office  Sagg  Harbour) 
en  elegant  large  type  and  good  paper,  "The  Poor  Man's  Help  and 
Young  Man's  Guide"  by  Wm.  Bartlett  M.  A.  As  soon  as  400  sub- 
scribers are  obtained  the  work  would  be  put  to  press.  (Advt.  in 
Herald  of  Apl.  12,  1792.) 

The  Life  of  Joseph,  the  son  of  Israel.  In  eight  books.  Chiefly 
designed  to  allure  young  minds  to  a  love  of  the  sacred  Scriptures. 
By  John  Macgowan  a  new  edition  (D.  F.)  in  a  fancy  script  Mono- 


302  HISTURY    OF   THE    TUHN    OF  SOUTHAMI'TUN 

gram.  A  frontispiece  entrravinj?  of  Jos.  and  his  brethren.  Sagg 
Harbour  printed  and  sold  by  David  Frothingham.  (No  date  but 
printed  prior  to  May  3,  1792 — 131pp) 

The  Evil  of  Lying;  A  Sermon  delivered  at  Bridgehampton,  Jan- 
uary 13th,  1793  by  Aaron  Woohvorth  M.  A.  pastor  of  the  Church  at 
that  place.  Sagg  Harbor  printed  by  David  Frothingham 
MDCCXCII.      (15pp) 

The  L'fe  of  Christ  as  Lord  and  Redeemer;  Lasting  as  Eternity, 
the  Believer's  Consolation  and  worthy  of  the  greatest  attention, 
illustrated  in  a  sermon  preached  at  Bridge  Hampton  on  the  Lord's 
Day,  Sept.  14,  1794,  immediately  after  the  funeral  of  Samuel  Buell 
Woohvorth,  Who  died  Sept.  13,  1794  in  the  third  year  of  his  age, 
by  Samuel  Buell,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  East 
Hampton.  (Two  scripture  quotations.)  Sagg  Hai^bour  printed  by 
David  Frothingham.     (42pp.) 

Rules  and  regulations  for  the  government  of  the  Academy  in 
East  Hampton,  Sagg  Harbour  printed  by  David  Frothingham 
MDCCXCIV.     (12pp) 

A  sermon  on  Covetousness  delivered  at  Southold  L.  I.  Febru- 
ary 1  1795  by  Jonathan  Bird  A.  M.  Sagg  Harbour  printed  by  David 
Frothingham  MDCCXCV    (15pp) 

An  Attempt  to  Delineate  the  Character  and  Services  of  the 
Faithful  Servant  of  Christ  in  a  sermon  preached  at  the  funeral  of 
the  Rev.  Noah  Wetmore  A.  M.  late  minister  at  Brookhaven  March 
10  1796  by  William  Schenck  A.  B.  and  M.  V.  D.  at  Huntington  Long 
Lsland  (quotation  from  St.  Paul)  published  at  the  request  and  by 
the  widow  and  children  of  the  deceased.  Sagg  Harbor  printed  by 
David  Frothingham.     (No  date) 

The  Long  Island  Magazine  or  Universal  Repository,  for  June 
179G  (table  of  contents)  Sagg  Harbour,  printed  by  David  Frothing- 
MDCCXCVI  (50  pp.     Only  one  copy  known) 

A  Remarkable  Dream  or  Vision  Which  was  experienced  on  the 
night  of  the  20th  May  1799  By  Aaron  Warner  of  Plymouth  (Conn) 
who  died  Sept.  3  1800.  This  Remarkable  Dream  was  left  at  Mr. 
Warner's  death  in  his  own  handwriting.  Sag  Harbour.  Printed  by 
S.  Osborne,  near  the  Market  1802  (23pp) 

The  Voice  of  Gratitude —  a  discourse  delivered  on  the  22d  of 
November  1804  being  the  anniversary  thanksgiving  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  at  Southampton,  Long  Island,  by  David  S.  Bogart 
A.  M.  Sag  Harbor —  printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1805     (24pp) 


I 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHJMFTON  303 

The  Duty  of  Parents  and  Children —  A  sermon  addressed  to 
the  school  in  Smithtown,  December  26.  1803  by  Luther  Gleason, 
pastor  of  the  Church  in  that  place.  Train  up  a  child  in  the  way  he 
should  go,  and  when  he  is  old  he  will  not  depart  from  it.  Solomon. 
Sag  Harbor,  N.  Y.  printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1805.     (15pp) 

A  Sermon  containing  a  General  History  of  the  Town  of  East 
Hampton  (L.  I.)  from  its  First  Settlement  to  the  Present  Time,  De- 
livered at  East  Hampton  Jan.  1  1806  by  Lyman  Beecher,  pastor  of 
the  Church  in  that  place.  Sag  Harbor  printed  by  Alden  Spooner 
1806.     (40pp) 

A  Dialogue  Exhibiting  some  of  the  Principles  and  Practical 
Consequences  of  Modern  Infidelity.  Sag  Harbor  printed  by  Alden 
Spooner  1806     (24pp) 

A  Sermon  Occasioned  by  the  Lamented  Death  of  Mrs.  Frances 
M.  Sands  of  New  Shoreham,  formerly  an  inhabitant  of  East  Hamp- 
ton (L.  L)  Composed  and  now  made  public  at  the  request  of  her 
afflicted  partner,  and  delivered  at  East  Hampton  Oct.  12  th  1806. 
By  Lyman  Beecher,  Pastor  of  the  church  at  that  place.  Sag  Harbor, 
Printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1806.     20pp.  12  mo. 

An  Affecting  History  of  the  Captivity  and  Sufferings  of  Mrs. 
Velnet,  an  Italian  lady,  who  was  seven  years  a  slave  in  Tripoli, 
three  of  which  she  was  confined  in  a  dungeon  loaded  with  irons;  At 
times  put  to  the  most  cruel  tortures  ever  invented  by  men.  Written 
by  herself.  Second  American  edition.  Sag  Harbor  N.  Y.  printed 
by  Alden  Spooner  1806. 

Catalogue  of  Books  contained  in  the  Franklinean  library  of 
Setauket,  instituted  June  7  1806.  [quotation  from  B.  Franklin]  Sag 
Harbor,  N.  Y.  printed  by  Alden  Spooner,  1807  (12  pp) 

A  Circular  Letter  addressed  by  the  Presbytery  of  Long  Island 
to  the  several  churches  under  their  care.  Printed  by  Alden  Spoon- 
er, Sag  Harbor,  1807. 

Constitution  of  the  Literary  Society  of  Sag  Harbor,  adopted  at 
the  establishment  of  the  Institution  Feb.  9  1807.  Sag  Harbor, 
printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1807. 

The  remedy  for  duelling,  A  sermon  delivered  before  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Long  Island,  at  the  opening  of  their  session  at  Aquebogue, 
April  16  1806,  by  Lyman  Beecher,  pastor  of  the  Church  in  East 
Hampton,  published  by  the  request  of  Presbytery.  Sag  Harbor, 
printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1807.     (44pp) 


304  HIHTURY    UF   THE    TOffN    Ot   SOUTH/iMFTON 

An  Impartial  Narrative  of  the  Trial  of  Mr.  Luther  Gleason 
before  the  Congregational  Convention  of  Long  Island,  holden  at 
Old  Man's  Brookhaven,  April  13  1803;  to  which  is  prefixed  a  brief 
account  of  said  Luther  Gleason,  from  the  time  of  his  coming  into 
this  part  of  the  Church,  By  the  prosecutor,  (quotation  from  the 
Savior.)     Sag  Harbor,  printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1808  (100  pp.) 

A  Faithful  Narrative  of  the  remarkable  revival  of  religion,  in 
the  congregation  of  Easthampton,  on  Long  Island  In  the  year  of 
our  Lord,  1764;  with  some  reflections.  By  Samuel  Buell,  D.  D.  late 
minister  of  the  gospel  in  that  place.  To  which  are  added.  Sketches 
of  the  author's  life —  memoirs  of  his  daughter  Mrs.  Conklin,  and 
his  son,  Samuel  Buell,  which  were  annexed  to  the  sermons  pub- 
lished on  the  occasion  of  their  death.  And,  also,  an  account  of  the 
revival  of  religion  in  Bridgehampton  &  East  Hampton  in  the  year 
1800.  Sag-Harbor:  printed  by  Alden  Spooner.  1808  (144  pp. 
Frontispiece  portrait  of  Buell.) 

Sketches  of  the  Life  of  Joseph  Mountain,  A  Negro  who  was 
executed  at  New  Haven  on  the  20th  day  of  October,  1790,  for  a. 
rape  committed  on  the  26  day  of  May  1790 —  Sag  Harbour  (L.  I.) 
Printed  for  the  Purchasers.   1808     [Printed  by  Alden  Spooner] 

Parker's  American  Citizen's  Sure  Guide  or  Ready  Reckoner, 
Measurer  and  Calendar  by  Solomon  Parker.  Sag  Harbor,  printed  by 
Alden  Spooner  for  the  Author  1808.     (287pp) 

A  Letter  from  the  Hon.  John  Quincy  Adams,  A  member  of 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Massachusetts, 
addressed  to  the  Hon.  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  on  the  present  state  of 
our  National  affairs,  with  remarks  on  Mr.  Pickering's  letter  to  the 
Governor  of  Massachusetts, —  Sag  Harbor,  printed  by  Alden 
Spooner  1808.     (36pp) 

A  Collection  of  hymns,  original  and  select.  For  the  use  of 
small  assemblies  and  private  Christians  by  Nathaniel  S.  Prime.  I 
will  sing  with  the  Spirit  and  I  will  sing  with  the  Understanding, 
also.    Sag  Harbor,  printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1809     (144pp) 

An  inquiry  into  the  Cause  of  the  prosperity  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States  to  which  is  annexed  an  ap- 
pendix containing  a  statement  of  the  peculiar  doctrines  of  the  Cal- 
vinists  and  Methodists  contrasted  by  James  Snowden,  Sag  Harbor, 
printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1809    (120pp) 

The  Village  Church,  a  Poem  by  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Rowell. 
printed  by  Alden  Spooner,  Sag  Harbor  1809     (llpp) 


I 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  305 

Speech  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Bayard,  delivered  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  Tuesday,  February  14,  1809,  on  the  motion  to  strike 
out  that  part  of  Mr.  Giles'  Resolution  which  interdicts  all  com- 
mercial intercourse  between  England  and  France  and  their  De- 
pendencies. Printed  at  Sag  Harbor,  1809  (No  printer  named,  prob- 
ably Spooner) 

The  Contrast,  or  the  death  bed  of  a  Free  Thinker  and  the 
death  bed  of  a  Christion  exemplified  in  the  last  hours  of  the  Hon. 
Francis  Newport  and  the  Rev.  Samuel  Finley,  D.  D.  Sag  Harbor, 
printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1810     (32pp) 

An  Address  of  the  Republican  Committee  of  Nomination  To 
the  Electors  of  the  County  of  Suffolk  on  the  affairs  of  the  General 
Government  and  objects  of  importance  connected  w^th  the  ensuing 
election.  (Cut  of  a  spread  eagle)  Sag  Harbor,  printed  by  Alden 
Spooner.     (16pp  printed  1810.) 

An  Entertaining  Controversy  between  Rev.  Lemuel  Haynes 
Minister  of  a  Congregational  Church  in  Rutland  (Vermont)  and 
Rev,  Hosea  Ballon,  Preacher  of  the  Doctrine  of  Universal  Salva- 
tion, Consisting  First,  of  a  sermon  by  Mr.  Haynes  delivered  at 
West  Rutland,  in  the  year  1805,  entitled  "Universal  Salvation  a 
very  ancient  doctrine,  with  some  account  of  the  life  and  character 
of  its  author"  immediately  after  hearing  Mr.  Ballon  zealously  ex- 
liibit  his  sentiments  in  support  of  that  doctrine.  Second,  An  epistle 
by  Mr.  Ballon  to  Mr.  Haynes  being  a  Reply  to  his  sermon  delivered 
at  West  Rutland.  Third,  A  lengthy  Letter  by  Mr.  Haynes  to  Mr. 
Ballon,  in  reply  to  the  Epistle.  Sag  Harbor.  Printed  by  Alden 
Spooner,  1810.  (58pp). 

[Haynes  was  a  man  of  color.  He  died  at  Granville,  N.  Y.,  in 
Oct.  1833  ae  80 

He  preached  over  50  years  at  West  Rutland,  Vt.    0.  B.  A.] 

An  Abridgment  of  L.  Murray's  Grammar,  with  an  appendix 
containing  an  exemplification  of  the  parts  of  speech  and  exercises 
in  syntax  designed  for  the  Younger  Classes  of  learners —  by  L  nd- 
ley  Murray,  Sag  Harbor,  Printed  by  Alden  Spooner  1810     (107pp) 

Prayer  for  Ministers,  A  Christian  Duty.  A  sermon  delivered 
Oct.  23d  1816  at  the  Ordination  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Fuller  as  the 
Pastor  of  the  United  Congregation  of  Smithtown  and  Fresh  Ponds 
by  Aaron  Woolworth  D.  D.  Pastor  of  the  Church  in  Bridge  Hamp- 
ton. P  \  )lished  by  request.  Sag  Harbor.  Printed  by  Samuel  A. 
Seabury  1817     (18pp) 


306  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOHN    OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

A  Sermon  occasioned  by  the  Death  of  Miss  Mary  Hill  who 
died  of  a  consumption  January  19th  1817  aged  26  years.  Written 
and  published  by  the  request  of  her  afflicted  friends  and  delivered 
by  John  D.  Gardiner,  Pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  this 
Place.  Price  15c.  Sag  Harbor.  Printed  by  Samuel  A.  Seabury 
1817 

The  Constitution  of  the  Suffolk  County  Bible  Society.  Organ- 
ized Oct.  3d  1815.  Printed  by  Samuel  A.  Seabury.  Sag  Harbor 
1818 

Rules  and  Orders  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Suffolk 
County,  N.  Y.     Printed  by  Samuel  A.  Seabury  1819 

General  Laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  together  with  the 
local  laws  of  the  County  of  Suffolk.  Passed  at  the  49th  Session  in 
1826.     Printed  at  the  Corrector  Office,  Sag  Harbor.  1826 

An  Essay  By  Evan  Evans  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  Aque- 
bogue.  "For  we  can  do  nothing  against  the  truth,  but  for  the 
truth."  Paul.  Sag  Harbour  March  1828     (lOpp) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


307 


APPENDIX  XVI. 

MUSTER  ROLLS. 


A  muster  Roll  of  ye  Suffolk  Regiment  Anno  Don  1715. 
Henry  Smith  Col.  Joseph  VVickham,  Lieut  (Col)  Will'm 
Smith  Maj'r. 

(Erroneously  entered  as  a  Regiment  of  Horse) 

Troop 
John  Cooper  Capt. 
John  Corwin  Lieut 
Jonathan    Baker    Cornet 
John  Benjamen  Quarter  Master 
Jonathan  Horton  Clarke 
John  Morehouse  Corporall 
Obad:ah  Smith  Corp'U 

Nathan  Sayre 
Henry  Pierson 
Nathaniell  Halsey 
James  Clarke 
John  Lupton 
Abraham  Pierson 
Benjamen  Moore 
William  osmun 
Samuell  Parsons 
Robert  Moore 
William  Schillinx 
Josiah  Miller 
Richard  Shaw 
Eliakim  Conckling 
John  Squire 
Daniell  Osban 
Daniell  Baker 
Aron  Burnett-- 
Isaac  Overton 
William  Arnold 


John  Bud 
John  Conckline 
Joseph  Smith 
Thomas  Sayre 
George  Harris 
Edward  Howell 
Jonah  Rogers 
John  Mitchell 
Daniell  .Sayre 
David  Burnett-' 
Reciompence  Carte 
Daniell  Miller 
Israel  Parshall 
Christopher  Youngs 
David  Horton 
David  Howell 
Barnabas  Wines 
David  Corey 
Samuell  Clarke 
Abraham  Cooper 


Southampton  Company  N  : 


I 


Samuell  Jones 


Jeramiah  Scott  Capt. 
John  Foster  Lieut 
John  Post  Ens. 

Benjamin   Jagger 


308 


HISTORY    UF   THE    TOU'N    OF  SOUTHAMFTON\ 


obadiah  Rogers 
Jeremiah  Jagger 
Joshua  Halsey 
Ephraim  White 
Jeremiah  Culver 
Ichabod  Sayre 
Samuell  Jagger 
William  Jennings 
Samuell  Jennings 
Benjamin  Hayne 
John  Haines 
David  Haines 
John  Harris 
Joseph  Lupton 
David  Roase 
David  Shaw 
David  Roase 
Thomas  Lupton 
Zachariah  Davie 
Joseph  Wolle 
Josiah  Bishop 
Joseph  Smith 
Joseph  Goodale 
Jonathan  Goodale 
William  Foster 
Josiah  Loughton 


Samuel  Bishop 
John  Wolle 
Nathan  Hildreth 
Isaac  Hildreth 
Jeremiah  Foster 
John  Foster 
Samuell  Woodruff 
Isaac  Woodruff      - 
Isaac  Halsey 
Isaac  Halsey 
John  Jagger 
Jeremiah  Jagger 
Jonah  Howell 
John  Clarke 
Samuell  Halsey 
Ezekiel  Howell 
Jonathan    Culver 
Gershom  Culver 
Daniell  Frazier 
Samuell  Jones 
Daniell  Bower 
Nathan  Jagger 
John  Scott 
Amos  Wolle 
John  Duran 


Christopher  Foster 
Daniell  Halsey 
Thomas  Topping 
Richard   Howell 
Isaac  Howell 
Obadiah  Howell 
Ephraim  Halsey 
Joseph  Pain 
Henry  Jessup 
Daniell   Foster 
Zebulon  Howell 
Stephen  Boyer 
Benjamin  Whiting 


Southampton  Company  N :  2. 

Isaac  Halsey  Capt 

Nathaniell  Howell  Lieut 

John  Howell  Ens 

Isaac  Howell 
Josiah  Halsey 
Benjamin  Foster 
Richard  Fowler 
Pelitiah  Fordham    ' 
Samuell  Pierson 
James  Cooper 
Ephraim  Hildreth 
Jonathan    Hildreth 
Nehemiah  Howell 
John  Reves 
Arthur  Davis 
Thomas  Payer 


MISTORY  OF  THE  TO  UN  OF 'SOUTHAMPrON 


309 


Benjamin  Marshall 
John  Reeves 
Isaac  Jessup 
Samuell  Howell 
Jacob  Ware 
John  Sayre 
Joseph  Burnitt 
Daniell  Makintush 


Steven  Tapping 
Elisha  Howell 
Theodore  Pierson 
Daniell  Hedges 
Martin  Rose 
David  Halsey 
Obadiah  Cook 
Eliphalet  Clarke 
Ammy  Rescue 
William  Tarbell 
John  Flint 
Thomas  Howell 
John  Carwithey 
Benj.  Howell 
James  Wh^te 
John  Morris 
Samuel  Haines 
Thomas  Sanford 
James  Hildreth 
Elias  Cook 
William  Smith 
Josiah  Hand 
John  Stanburough 
Nathaniell  Woodruff 
Thomas  Halsey 
Daniell  Hildreth 
Josiah  Tapping 
Zecheriah  Rogers 
Henry  Ludlam 
Matthew  Lumm 
Jacob  Wood 
Ezekiel  Sanford 


David  Howell 
Daniell  Halsey 
Joseph  Ho"well 
Stephen  Herrick 
John  Payer 
John  Gibbons 
Joseph    Fordham 

Bridgehampton  Ccimpaiiy 
Josiah  Tapping  Capt 

Henry  Ludlam 


Zecheriah  Sanford 

Joseph  More 

Alex3,nder  Wilmut 

Joshua  Hildreth 

Ethan  Sayre 

Israel  Rose  y 

Josiah  Stranburough    i/^ 

Isaac  Miller 

Charles  Stevens 

Abiell  Cook 

Jeremiah  Halsey 

James  Haines 

Samuell  Lume 

Thomas  Cooper 

David  Lupton 

Jonathan  Cook 

Samuell  Harris 

Jonathan  Jagger 

Edward  Howell 

Elias  Petty 

Abraham  Halsey 

Jeremiah  Ludlam 

Jeremiah  Halsey 

Theophilus  Howell 

John  Cooper 

Elnathan  White 

Benjamen  Bennit 

Isaac  Sayre 

Job  wick 

Job  Pierson 

Matthias    Sweary 


[State  of  New  York 

Report  of  the  State  Historian  1896. 

Colonial  Series.  Vol.  I.  pp.  508/9.  511./14.] 


310 


HISTORY    Ut    THE    TUHN    UF  SOUTHAMPTON 
Capt.  Elias  i land's  Company  1758 


Captain  Elias  Hand 

Nathan  Miller 

Abraham  Flint 

Simon  Cooper 

John  Squire 

Stephen  Osborn 

Isaac  Barns 

Abraham  Edwards 

Abraham  Pain 

John  Field 

Samuel  Russel 

Abraham  Schelinger 

1st  Lieut.  Daniel  Topping 

2d  Lieut.  Georg  Herrick 

Nathan  Baker 

Thomas  Filer 

Daniel  Hopping 

Sineus  Dibble 

William  Miller 

Joseph  Leek 

Solomon  Molatto 

Henry  Roalt 

William  Pain 

Ebenezer  Yeamans 

John  Russel 

Chapman  Jennings 

Bristol  Muckett 

Samuel   Bennett 

John  Hulbert 

Samuel  Foster 
Zerubbabel  Howell 

Stephen  Obadiah  Fox 

David  Foster 

Samuel  Howell  Jun'r 

Ryall  Howell 

Joshua  Halsey 

Obadiah  Foster 

Silas  Webb 

Jeremiah  Howell 

Obadiah  Cook 

Judah  Colman 

Solvester  Indian 

Ichabod  Halsey 


Samuel  Hand 
Ezikiel  Hand,  Jun'r 
Joseph    Jeffry    Indian 
John  Indian 
Abraham  Dayton 
Jonathan  Miller 
Jabez  bebee 
Benjamin  Leek 
Isaac  Whitely 
Robert  Jackwies 
Philip  James  Indian 
Edward  Topping 
Silvenus  Howell 
Nathan  Tarbel 
Isaac  Jessup 
Silvester  Hudson 
Lewis  Stanborough. 
John  Peter  Indian 
John  Loper 
John  Tammage 
Ebenezer  Wade 
John  Hart 
Stephen  Jennings 
James  Stanborough 
David  Clark 
Ichabud  Edwards 
Josiah  Mustee 
Cuff  Mollato 
Silas  Ludlam 
Stephen   Halsey 
Joseph  Elliot 
Abraham  Squire 
John  Shaw 
Jeremiah  Utly 
Hugh  Jennings 
Jonah  Howell,  Jun'r 
Elias  Jagger 
Stephen  Pearce 
Jeremiah  Foster 
Josiah  Goninck 
David  Tagger 
Stephen  Wesley 
Zephaniah  Sandford 


HISTUKY  OF  THE  TO^N  OF  SOUTHAMPrON  311 

Jeremiah  Jagger,  Jun'r  Peter  Mustee 

Thomas  Lupton,  Jun'r  James  Warbaton  Indian 

Jacob  Weaget  Indian  David  Bond 

George  Bishop  Charles  Jocob 

Elnathan  Foster  William  Givyen 

Harry  Persons  Indian  97. 

[State  of  New  York 

Report  of  the  State  Historian  1896. 

Colonial  Series.   Vol.  I.  p.  860.] 


APPENDIX  XVII. 
"ARTICLES  OF  ASSOCIATION"  AND  ITS  SIGNERS. 

Persuaded,  that  the  Salvation  of  the  Rights  and  Liberties  of 
America  depends,  under  God,  in  the  firm  Union  of  its  Inhabitants, 
in  a  vigorous  Prosecution  of  the  Measures  necessary  for  its  Safety; 
and  convinced  of  the  Necessity  of  preventing  the  Anarchy  and 
Confusion,  which  attend  a  Dissolution  of  the  Powers  of  Govern- 
ment; We  the  Freeholders  and  Inhabitants,  of  being 

greatly  alarmed  at  the  avowed  Design  of  the  Ministry,  to  raise  a 
Revenue  in  America;  and,  shocked  by  the  bloody  Scene  now  acting 
in  the  Massachusetts  Bay,  Do,  in  the  most  solemn  Manner  resolve, 
never  to  become  Slaves;  and  do  Associate  under  all  the  Ties,  of  Re- 
ligion, Honour,  and  Love  to  our  Country,  to  adopt  and  endeavour  to 
carry  into  Execution,  whatever  Measures  may  be  recommended  by 
the  Continental  Congress;  or  resolved  upon  by  our  Provincial  Con- 
vention, for  the  Purpose  of  preserving  our  Constitution,  and  op- 
posing the  Execution  of  the  several  arbitrary,  and  op- 
pressive Acts  of  the  British  Parliament;  until  a  Reconciliation  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  America,  on  Constitutional  Principles 
(which  we  most  ardently  Desire)  can  be  obtained;  And  that  we 
will,  in  all  Things  follow  the  Advice  of  our  General  Committee,  re- 
specting the  Purposes  aforesaid,  the  Preservation  of  Peace  and 
good  Order,  and  the  Safety  of  Individuals  and  private  property. 

Dated  in —  May,  1775. 

Southampton,  August  1st,  1775 

John  Sandford,     .  Jonah  Tarbell, 

Daniel   Schellinger,  James  Hildreth, 

Ezekiel  Sandford,  Jeremiah  Halsey, 

Maltby  Gelston,  Stephen  Halsey, 


312 


HISTURY    at    THE    TOWN    UF  SOUTHAMFTON 


Paul  Halsey, 
John  Hulbert, 
John  Hildreth, 
Edward  Topping, 
Silas  Norris, 
Joseph  Moore, 
Henry  Howell, 
Mitchell  Cook, 
Lewis  Sandford, 
•Josiah  raynor,— 
Stephen  Halsey, 
Luther  Hildreth, 
William  Gelston, 
John  Cook,  Jun'r, 
Jonah  Sandford, 
Nathan  Sandford, 
Thomas  Howell, 
Abraham  Schellinger, 
Silas  Sandford, 
James  Hildreth,  Jun., 
Daniel  Shellinger,  iuner, 
Samuel  Howell,  the  3rd, 
Abraham  Sandford, 
Isaac  Hildreth, 
Noah  Hildreth,  •    * 
Timothy    Mathews, 
Moses  Howell, 
Burnet  Cook, 
David  Sandford, 
Phineas  Howell, 
Abraham  Cook, 
Silvanus  Halsey, 
Isaac  Jessup, 
David  Gelston, 
Ellas  Cook, 
Thomas  Cooper, 
Lemuel  Howell, 
Ezekiel  Sandford,  ye  Third, 
Philip  Howell, 
David  Sandford,  Jun'r, 


Matthew  halsey, 
Nathaniel  Jessup, 
.-George  Fordham, 
Nathan  Norris, 
Abraham  Cook, 
Daniel  Moore, 
Theophilus  Halsey, 
Thomas  Sandford, 
Thomas  Topping, 
John  Woodruf,  y 
Henry  Brown, 
Stephen  Skellinger, 
Walter  Howell, 
Robert  Moore, 
Matthew  Halsey, 
James  Terry, 
Thomas  Gelston, 
Daniel   Sohellenger, 
Stephen  Cook, 
Elias  Cook,  Junior, 
Zachariah   Sandford, 
Josiah  Sandford, 
Daniel  Halsey, 
Abraham  Hassey, 
Joshua  Hildreth, 
Timothy  Halsey, 
John  Hill, 
Daniel  Hains, 
David  Howell, 
James  Cook, 
Nathan  Norris,  Jun'r, 
William  Sandford, 
Seth  Howell, 
Benjamin  Sandford, 
Samuel  Brown, 
Elias  Sandford, 
Josua  howell, 
Jonathan  Cook, 
Jeremiah  Howell, 
Stephen  Jessup,^ 


Stephen  Sandford, 

These  may  Certify  that  all  the  Males  of  the  Town  of  South- 
ampton from  sixteen  years  old  and  Upwards  have  signed  the  above 
Association,  Excepting  Mr.  Elisha  Paine  and  John  Cook. 

Signed  by  Daniel  Howell,  Chairman 
of  Committee  of  Correspondence. 


APPENDIX    XVIII 

WHALING  VOYAGES  FROM  SAG  HARBOR 

(In  compiling-  the  following  table,  those  portions  of 
tables  in  Starbuck  relating  to  this  locality  were  used  as  a 
foundation,  the  additions  and  corrections  being  made 
from  material  furnished  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Sleight,  of  Sag 
Harbor,  who  made  an  independent  compilation  from 
original  local  sources  some  years  ago.) 


314 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOl^N   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    oi"     N-  ^    •  '• 


1760 


Chaplain 


.M  ;ina;;iiiLr  Owner 
<n-  ALTont 


Date 
Sailinsr — Arri\  al 


Joseph    Conklins   John 

Good   Luck Foster  &  others .  . . 

Success    ". 

Dolphin   


17SI 


I 


ICajjle    'E.  Fortllsam 

Hope     Ripley    .  .  .  .  D.    Gardiner    &    Bro. 

Silas  Howell    Ben.  Hiintlinif 


17S5 

Lucy Col.    Hunltiiif?^    . 

America    

17S9  I 
D.  Sciuires Ben.    Hunttin^^ 


Lucy 


Lucy 


1790 


1791 

Betsey    S.   Howell   &  Co . 

179:; 

S.    Howell   &  Co. 


Betsey 
Lucy    . 


1793 


Betsey    S.   Howell  &  Co. 

Lucy     


1791 

Betsey    |s.   Howell  &  Co. 

Lucy     Rosers   .  .  .  .  i 


1795  ( 

Betsey    S.   Howell  &  Co . 

Lucy 


179ti 


Hetty 


Ben.    Huiittinsj 


179; 


May  15,  1785 
June  4,  1785 

July.  1790 


Criterion    Ben.    Htinttinir    | 

179s                                                                                                                            j 
•^'ary     Ben.    Huntting 

ILOU 
-Minerva Fowler  .  . . ., 

18CI                                                           ' 
Ablf,'all     I 

1802 
AhlKftll     I Barnard.  .  .i Aug. 


179S 


1800 


1801 


180S 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


315 


Class  and 
Tonnage 

Whaling    Ground 

5.  Oil      W.Oil        Bone 

Remark.'S 

Sloop 
II 

Schr. 

■  •    •    • 

■  •    •    • 

Atlantic     

ti 

So.  Shore.  L.  I.  . . . 



No  record  of  catch. 
No  record  of  catch. 
No  record  of  catch. 

No  record  of  catch. 
Voyage  unprofitable. 

Hopeless   venture. 

Brig 



Brazil     

360       

300       

Bought  from  Middletown,  Conn., 
1785. 

Brijr 

.  .  .  . 

Brazil     

....         800       

750       

Brig- 

212 
212 

Brig- 

ti     . 

Brig 

212 

(( 

Brig 

212 
212 

Brazil     

Last  reported  with   750  barrels. 
Wrecked  on  Cape  Cod  1795 

Biig 

Ship 

256 

229 


Brig 

215 
215 

3hip 

Brig 

Ship 

Brazil 

Added  1798. 


Last' reported  with  900  whale. 


316 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOU'N  OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


Captain 


ManaKiii,''  0\\  iiei- 
or  A.i,'ent 


.M  iiierva 


1S03 


Abigail 
Minerva 
Nancy    . 


1S04 


Alknomac 
Nancy    . . . 
Abigail     .  . 


isor. 


Minerva 
Abi^'Uil 


1SU6 


Abi.uail     

Brazil 

St.  Lawrence 
Warren    


Fowler 


Date 
Sailin  'j:  — Arri\'a! 


I80;i 


John   Godbee 


Jolin  HiUlrcth    .  . 
Sand ford 


Topping. 


ISOi 


Topping:. 

A.   Folger    

.lames   Post    .  . .  . 
Folser.  . 


Jones. . . 
Fowler. 


Alknomac    

Brazil     

Minerva     ' \,\   Sayres 

Warren    | Fowler. 

Jefferson     

1808 


Alknomac 
Brazil     .  .  . 
Warren    .  . 


Godbee. 


W  ashington 
Abigail     .  .  .  . 
Minerva    .  .  . 


1809 


Abigail  .  .  .  . 
Alknomac  .  . 
Jefferson  .  .  . 
Lavinia  .  .  .  . 
Warren  .  .  .  . 
Wasliington 


1810 


.\  big-ail     .  .  .  . 
Wasbington 


Jones. . . 
Fovvlor . 
Post    .  .  . 


Fowler. 
Bunker 


F.  Sayres 


Blinker 
Jones  .  . 
I'ost  .  .  . 
Fowler  . 
Say  re  .  , 
Fowler  . 


Bunker 

Wm.    Fowler    .  . 


180  1 

1804 

Jan.  25.  1S04 


Ben.    Huntting    Aug.-May    20,    1805 


Howell  &  Beebe. 


G.  &  T.  Havens.  . 
Ben.  Huntting  .  . 
Howell    &    Beebe. 


S.   Howell  &  Co. 


S.   Huntting  &  Co. 


1811 
Abby     

1812 
Abigail     

1814 
\\arren    'k,!.   ii«lse> 


Geo.    Post 


S.    Howell   &   Co. 


June  28,  1805 
June  28,  1805 


May.  1806 
July  14,   1806 


July  7.  1807 

July  4.   1806 

July  17    1806 

June  28,  1806 


May.    1808 

isoi 

June  '3.    1807 


1809 


May   13,   1809 
1808 


June,  1810 
June  16.  1810 


Aug.   12.  1811 


Sept. -July.  1812 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIfN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


317 


Class  and 
Tonnase 


Ship 


Whaling    Ground    iS.Oil      W.Oil        Bone 


Brazil 


Reniarka 


Last  reported  with  900  whale. 


Ship 


200' 


800 


Ship 
BriK 


Ship 
Brig: 


, .  . .  Patasonia 
200 


■  i  Brazil 


1.350 

800 

1,200 


1,300 


Brig- 
Ship 
Ship 


208 


284 


500 

.  .      1,300 

70      1,300 

,  ..      1,700 


$20,000. 


Ship 


Braizil 


215' 

2991 I 1.600 


Ship 


Brier 
Ship 


[Brazil     1.600 


1,700 
450 


215 


Last  reported  with  1,000  whale. 
Probably     obtained     abt.     1,600 
barrels. 


isold  to  Nantucket  1809. 


Ship 


Brajzil 


Patagonia 
Brazil     .  . . 


700 


Ship 


308 


Brazil 


soo 

1,150 


Ship 


Brazil     1.100 


50      1.000       Isold  for  $1  a  gallon. 


Ship 


284, 1.800 


318 


HISTORY    UF   THE    TUIVN    OF  SOUTHAMFTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


1815 

Arponaut    . . 
Martha    .  .  .  . 


Captain 


Warren 


1816 


Ahlnail 


1S17 


Al)iKail  .  .  . 
Andes  .  .  .  . 
Charlotte  . 
Fair  Helen 

Gov.  

Octavia    . . . 


1818 


Argonaut     

Martlia    

Octavia    

Tliomas    Nelson. 


1819 


-Manai^ins:  Owner 
or  As:eiU 


Halsey 


Fowler 


James   Post 


Post    .  .  . 
Skinner 


Fowler 
Post    .  . 


Halsey 


lost    .  . 
Gardner 


Dale 
Sailini; — Arri\al 


June  2,  1816 


July,  1816 


July  2,  1819 


June,  1819 
July.   1819 


July 


Abisail     

Argonaut    i 

Fair  Helen : July   5 

Hannibal June, 

Octavia    j July 

Thomas    Nelson.  .  . Coffin June. 

Union Osborne   ... , 


1820 


Abigail 
Argonaut 


Say  re 


Fair  Helpn .A.u.if. 


Julius   Caesar !01i\er   Fowler 

Marcus    ;  .  .  . 

Ontario     

I'nion   — 


Smilli July 

Post    July-March.   1821 

Osborne.  .  .  ,  .  . 


1821 


1822 


.■\  ndes     

Oct.   29   . 

1822 

Ablf^ail 

.    1822 

1S22 

Fair   1  ielen    

-Marc-li 

Hannibi'l   

Julius   Caesar 

Octavia    

Green 

July 

Apr. 

'I'horn          

Gardner. 

.    1822 

Andes     

—  — GriffiuK.  .  .  . 

March    .^ 

182S 

ArKonaut     

Isaac  Say re    

Jan.  29 

1823 

Fair  Helen    

Gen.    Scott    

June. 

1823 

Hannibal    

G.    Post    

Ocean   

Octavia    

H.  Green   

Thorn     

Gardner   .  .  . 

May   31. 

1823 

HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


319 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Brig 

Ship 

Sloop 

Ship 


Whalins    Ground 


S.Oil      W.Oil 


254 

'309 

"262 


Brazil 


Brazil 


Brazil 


Brazil 
Brazil 


254 

'283 
'262 


Patagonia 
Brazil     .  .  . 


Pacific  . . . 
Brazil  .  .  . 
Patagonia 
Brazil     .  .  . 


Brazil 


Pacific  .  .  . 
Brazil  .  . .  . 
1:  atagonla 


Brazil 


Brazil 
Brazil 


1.500 
'966 

1.200 


1.800 
1,300 


1,600 
2",566 


000 


1,700 
1,850 


.    .      1.400 

100     1,500 

,  .  .  .      1.450 


Bone 


Remarks 


Returned  leaking  badly. 


Last  reported  with  500  whale. 
Last   reported   with    900   whale. 

Last  reportde  with  800  whale. 
Last  reported  with  700  whale. 
Last  reported  with  1,200  whale. 


11,000 


Last  reported  with  60  0  whale. 
Last  reported  with  1,260  whale 
Last   reported   with   800   whale. 

Last  reported  with  1,400  whale. 

Last   reported   with    900    whale. 


Last  reported  with  1.200  whale. 
Retd.    in    Sept.    with    a    sprung 

mainmast;     sailed     again     in 

1820. 


Reported  Feb.,   1822,   with  1.700 

whale. 
Condemned   and   broken   up  abt. 

1822. 


Last  reported  with  1,350  sperm. 
Last  reported  with  1,400  whale 


>^ote. — Eight  ships  sailed  from 
Sag  Harbor  In  1822,  returning 
in  1823  with  1842  sperm.  9.731 
whale  and  45,800  lbs.  bone. 


1,600 


320 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHN  OF  SOUTH  AM  I'TOS 


Xnnie    >'f     \'  ssel 

Captain 

Manajjin.;^  Owner                         Date 

or  Affent                       .'-^ailin^' — .Arrival 

1823 

\  ll^L'*^                              

ArjL;onaut     

.lune   ."^-Anr     Xi)     '2  4 

May    31 

Cicn.    Scott 

Green    

-May  31-May  31,  '24 

'^'a\'rc 

Jan  29    '25 

C\n  t  a  V  i  a. 

nri'fin 

.7 1 1  n  o  fi    '25 

Smith    .... 

Gardner   .  .  . 

Mav  31.  '2  4 

I'n  ion 

Grit'l'in 

.May  31 

Fair   Helen 

1  lannihal            

1 1  owl  n  nil 

June    ISi^ 

June   22,  '2 Ti 

Octa\ ia        

Sayre    

.lune  6    '25 

I'nion 

1825 

Fair  Helen   

I  fa niiibal             .... 

■    Howell 

Aus.-June     25.     '26 

•kUi' 

Green 

Auf? 

i  )otn  \'  ia. 

-    ■■  Grin  in 

Augr.-May,  1  826 

May.   1S2B 

l^niun 

■  Griffin    

Griffin 

1826 
.•\  rj^onaii  t            

Fair  Helen 

....                     .Tune  27,  '27 

Hannibal      , 

Green        .  .  . 

•lulv    'o.jiiiv     18"7 

Marcus         

Sayre 

.lune  "6    '27 

Mulford  &  Sleisht June  25-.Tune  22,  '27 

.Tulv    ''''  Alav      1S''7 

Thorn     

— '■ Howell 

Union 

—  Griffin 

lulv    22-Inlv     1S27 

1827 
Andes       

• — ■  TuDoer 

1828 

Arabella    

:\(attliew  Sayre  — . 
Post    

S.  &  L.  Howell Xus.   2  l-,luly   3    '30 

.June  9    '2S 

American    

A  rfronaut    

Mav     1828 

Cadmus   

Mulford    &    Sleight 

l''air  Helen   

•  Harri.s    .    .  . 

Tulv   28 

Hannibal   

Green         .  .  . 

Mav    IS ''8 

Marcus    

Halsey 

Tune   1  ?     1  828 

Thorn   

Hand 

TnnA    7      1<i9<! 

Thames    

Rpnt-Mnv    94     *28 

I'nion 

•  Sayre        .  .  . 

1828 
American    

George  Post 

Tulv  1  0-May  30    '29 

Arsronaut    

Uriah  Sayre 

July   17-Anr.   24,   29 

Claudio    

A.   K.  Griffn    

Oct-\^ov    1 9    '29 

Cadmus 

Georj^e   Howell    .  .  . 

...           .                                        Tune    19-Ai)r    8    '29 

Henry    

HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


321 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Whallner    Ground   jS.  Oil      W.  Oil      Bone 


Ship 

Brig 
Ship 


Sloop 
Ship 


Ship 


Ship 


Ship 


Ship 


Ship 

it 

Brig 

Ship 


299 


Brazil     ,    150     1,450 


50 


Pacific    :l,800 

Patagonia   


299 


Atlantic 
Brazil     . 


350 


1,700 


1,400 


Brazil     ! l.TOO 

2.060 


2,000 


Brazil     1,585 


South  Seas 
Brazil     .  .  .  . 


400 
600 


Patagonia 


Pacific 

1,250 

i       50  1,150 

! 1,660 

■356  Brazil     i 1,450 

299         "                                 I 1.900 

. . . .  i  Patagonia ....  1,250 


.  .1  Brazil 


366  Pacific    ,2,853       

282  Patagonia ; 1,600 

2541  Brazil     1,400 


3101 : 

!  Brazil 

309,        "  Full 

2831        "  1,200 

'299'ratagonia I 'iio    1,566 

350         "  2,000 


282  South    Seas    1,687 

254  Brazil     I.'ISO 

136  Africa    i 300 

310  Brazil     28  1,927 


Remarks 


Sold  large  part  of  cargo,  re- 
turned with  coee,  sugar  and 
turned  with  coffee  sugar  and 

Brought  home  some  bone. 

Lost  her  mast  off  Sandy  Hook; 
towed  into  New  York. 


Last  reported  1,100  whale. 

Last  reported  1.800  whale. 
Last  reported  1,400  whale. 


9,000 


8.000 
'1,666 


Reported     Feb.     5,     1827.     with 
1,650  whale. 


Reported  with  1,600  whale. 
Condemned  on  returning  from 
voyage. 


Reported    in    another    place    as 
having  1,750   whale. 

Condemned  abt.  1828. 


Last  reported  March,  1828    1,000 
whale. 


16,773 
13,328 
Brought  also   300   furs. 

..'.."  Reported  Dec,   1828,  with  1,700 
whale. 


322 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    of    Ves.sel 

Captain 

Mana.i;in.ur  Owner 
or  .\;,'eiU 

Date 
.Sailing — Arrixal 

Hannibal       

Henry  Green 

• 

July  18-Apr.  15.  '29 

\Tnroils 

Andrew    Halsey... 

. 

July  23-June  1,  '29 

Chas.  Griffin    

Huntfe'.    Cooper    .  . . 

John  Brown      

ThitlllGS          

July    7-June    1     '29 

Thorn                   

Svls.    Griffinj^    .... 

July  IS-Apl.  27.  '29 

Union               

Kd.  Halsey 

July    2G-Apl.    9.   '29 

1829 

Argonaut    

American    

CailniiLs    

Columbia    

Henry    

Hannibal 

irriah  Sayre 

\Vm.  A.  Jones 

GeoFRe   Howell    .  . . 
liobert  F.   Hand.  . . 
.Sylvester  Griffing:. 

Henry  Green    

Barney  Green    .... 
Hunttg.    Cooper    . . 
Plervey   Harris.... 

S.  &  L.  Howell 

S.   B.   Hunttins:  &  Co 

Mulford    &    SleiRht 

I.iither    n     Cook 

June  24-June  12,  '30 
June  24-June  5.  '30 
June    22-Ma   27,   '30 
July  27-June  5.  '30 

Chas.  T.  Dering- 

S.  &  B.  Huntting  &  Co.  . 

S.   &   N.    Howell 

Mulford    &    Sleight 

" 

July  30-May  27.   '30 
June  30-Apl.  20,  '30 

June  30-June  5.  '30 

Thames      

July  22-May  27,  '30 

Thorn        

June  22-June  3.  '30 

July  24 

A  merican 

Jones    

June  16,  '31 

Henry    

May   14,  '31 

Hannibal       

Parker 

Feb.  25,   '31 

Nimrod         

Halsey   .... 

Post    

Chas.  T.  Bering  &  Co.  . . . 

Marcli  23,   '31 

Neptune    

May  14,  '31 
,    1831 

Phenix   

S    &  B    Huntting 

rotosi    

:May  14,   '31 

Thames    

Cooper   .... 

April    16.   '31 
May  20,   'rfl 

July  24                  1832 

April   28.   33 

March  21.   '32 

Thorn 

Howell   .... 

1831 
Acasta       .      .      .    . 

Allen      .... 

Mulfoid    &    Sleitrht 

Arabella 

Pear.sou  .  .  . 

Arpronaut    

Hand      .  .  .  . 

July  30 

March  3    '32 

Cadmus    ...           .    . 

Howell   .  .  .  . 

Hannibal 

May  23-Feb.  2  4.  '32 
.lulv    30-Arl     1     '32 

Henry     

Marcus    

Greene   .... 

July  30-Feb.  21,  '32 
April  1,   '32 
Feb    2  4     '32 

Nei)tune    

Nimrod 

Potosi    

Griffin    

\  u  o-    13 

Phenix  

Greene   .... 

T 1 1 1  \j'     TO     Alii       1       '  T  2 

Tliames   

Hand 

March  3,   '32 

Tiller    Q-ATr-h       97      "19 

Thorn     

Howell    .... 

Tele^'raph 

Sayer        .  .  . 

June  19,   '3  4 

July  30-June  S.   '32 

Oct.  17.   '34 

June  12-May  13,  '33 

.lune-May   23.  '33 

Nov.    28                1833 

June  12-Apl.  15,  '33 

June-Apl.    14,   '33 

June-Apl.   15,  '33 

Apl.  2,   '33 

ApI.    2S.   '33 

May  11.   '33 

:\Tav  13,   '33 

June  12-Apl.  27,   '33 

Triad    

N.  Case        

H.  &  N.  Corwin 

Mulford    &    Sleiiiht 

Xenophon    

Griffin    .... 

1832 
Acasta 

Harris  — .  . 

American    

•  Jones        .  .  . 

Howell  .... 

M      R      Oshnrnf 

Cadmus    

Columbia    

Hand 

Delta    

Isaac  Sayre    

H.  &  N.  Corwin 

Franklin 

C.   T.   Derin?    ,.  . . 

Oov.    Clinton    

Rogers   .... 

Hannibal     

Parker   . . . . 

Marcu.s    

Cart  Wright. 

Halsev   .... 

Neptune     

Phenix  

a.  &   ts.   JriunttinH   <&  Co..        june-APi.    ;;«,     aa 

Thorn  

•lune-.Marcii.    .n 

May  30.  '33 

June             .  '33 

Washington    

Loper   

.losiah    Douglas    

I 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


323 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Ship 


Ship 


Ship 


Ship 


Ship 


Whalins    Ground 


3.  Oil      W.Oil        Bone 


309  Brazil 
283 


350  r  alagroniai 
299  Bra;'.il     .  .. 


254 

282 
310 
285 
833 
309 
283 
350 
299 


254 
282 
333 
309 
280 

"3i4l 

"356 
299 


286 
366 
25  ' 
2SF 
310 
300 
333 
283 

"280 


314 

350 
299 

'S36 

384 


286 
282 
300 
310 
285 
314 
391 

'306 
283 
280 

"314 
299 
351 


Brazil 


.  ..      1,906     18,641 
24     1,406     11,466 


65 

'ioi 

62 


Patag-onia 1,800 

Brazil     300     1,800 

South   Atlantic 1,900 


Tristan 
Brazil 


Patagonia 


90 
300 


1.600 
1,200 
2,400 
1,500 
1,760 
1,450 


South  Atlantic 

Pacific    2,800       

South   Atlantic 2.000 

Brazil 

South  Atlantic Full 

I 1,950 

Brazil    ' 2,300 

1,800 

Africa    2,450 

South   Atlantic 

Brazil     


,  ..  1.986  16,700 
68  2,170  21,195 
28     1.449     12.368 


110 
163 
107 


590 

4,250 

1,359 

13,055 

1,468 

12,622 

1.533 

11,585 

1,890 

17.050 

1,877 

14,686 

1,218 

9.896 

1,660 

13,726 

1,594 

12.875 

Remarks 


$15,000. 


Added  1829. 


Ret'd   Aug-,    leaky   &   condem'd. 

$20,000. 
$25,000 


'$20,000. 


16,000 


So.  Atlantic 

Brazil     1,950 

Pacific    2,900       

Brazil     3.000 

Pacific 


$19,000. 

Greenport;      lost     at     Falkland 

Mch.,  1832.     Had  1,400  whale; 

2  500       !$22,000.     Saved  800. 

2',000       '.".'.!!{ 


!P63,000. 
Greenport. 
'$60,000. 


$22,000. 


So.  Atlantic 250 


170 
250 


1,350       !$22,000. 

1.100       1 


East  Cape 1       60 

1     400 

So.  Atlantic   '    110 


1150 

2.300 

l.'OO 

2.130 

1  600 

1.650 

1.600 

1.400 

2,100 

2,000 

1,610 


$24,000. 
$11,000. 
$18,000. 


Greenport. 


$18,000. 

I8.5OO1 
18,000l$28  000. 


$16,000. 


324 


HISTORY   OF   THE    TOWN   OF  SOUTH  AM  HTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


CapUiiii 


.MananMni,'-  Owner 
or  AK'ent 


Dale 
Sailini,' — Arrival 


1S33 


Ann     

Arabella    

Acasta 

Coluniliia    

Cadmus 

ppniel    Webster. 

Delia    

l-'ranUlin    

Gov.  Clinton  .... 


Howell Apl.   15,  'ZA 

I  ierson    .  .  .  X.  &  G.  Howell Aug.  19-Apl.  18.   "37 

Hand    :  June  12.  '34 

Hedges    .  . .  Lutlier  D.   Cook June  10-May  22,   ':i  I 

Hand    Mulford    &    Sleight June  6-Mch.  18,   '3  4 

I-ierson    .  .  .  K.    Mulford    Aug.  20-May  12,   '37 

Sayre   H.  &  N.  Corwin June   l-May   11,  '34 

C.   Griftin    C.  T.   Bering    Aug.   7-May   18.   "37 

Ludlow Aug.  9 


Hannibal 


Coojjer 


Honrv    R-  D.  Topping 

Hud.son    i Greene 


Marcus  .  .  .  . 
Nimrod  .  .  .  . 
Neptune    .  .  . 

PlioniK 

Thames    .  .  .  . 

Triad    

Washington 

1834 


Ann  .... 
American 
Acasta  .  . 
Cadmus  . 
Columbia 
Delta  .  .  . 
Gem  .... 
Henry 
Hannibal 
Marcus  . 
Neptune 
Nimrod    . 


Ontario 
riienix   . 
Thames 
Telegraph 


Thorn 

Triad    

Washington 

1S35 


Ann     

American    .  . 

Acasta 

Camilhis  .  . . 
Columbia  .  . 
Cadmus   .  . . . 

Gf>m    

Hudson    .  .  .  . 

Henry     

Hannibal  .  .  . 
Marcus  .  .  .  . 
Nentune  .  .  . 
Nimrod  .  .  .  . 
Panama  .  .  .  . 
Thames   .  .  .  . 

Thorn     

Washington 
XpnoDlion    .  . 
Bavard     .  .  .  . 
Delta    


S.  &  B.  Hunttlng  &  Co..  July  10-May  21,  '34 

C.  T.  Dering  &  Co 1  Jan.    18,   '3  4 

Luther  D.   Cook July  12-Jan.  29,  '35 


Cart  Wright.  jS.  &  N.  Howell |June  19 

Barns C    T.  Dering  &  Co June  IS-.Fune  12.  '3  4 

Parker   S.  &  B.  Huntling  &  Co..  June  4-May  21,   »34 


Cooper 


Case 


May  20,  '3  4 

March,  '3  4 

Feb  3,  '3  4 

Apl.  19,  '34 


Howell 
Jones    . 
Howell 
Hand    . 
Hedges 
I'ayne  . 
Rogers 
Cartwri 
Harris    . 
E'ldridge 
Sayre   .  . 
Barns   .  . 


hi. 


Marcus  B.  Osborne iJune  4-May  11, 

May   8, 

Mulford    &    Sleight July  10-May  11, 

"  iJune    4-May    3, 

Luther  D.   Cook IJuly  14-IMay  12, 

Ih.  &  N.  Corwin July  S-May, 

Apl.    21. 

Charles  T.   Dering May    12-May    2, 

S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co..  I  July  1-May  11. 

IS.  &  N.  Howell !      July   14-June, 

S.  &  B.  Huntting  &  Co. .  Jjune   26-May  7. 
C.  T.  Dering  &  Co i  July  25-May  16, 


Havens    ...Mulford    &    Howell. 

Case   H.  &  N.  Corwin .  .  .  . 

Topping , 


Howell   ....  Marcus  B.  Osborn July 

Jones    S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co..!june 

Glover Mulford    &    Sleight June 

Tonping  .  .  .  Charles  T.  Dering Aug. 

Hedges  ....  Luther   D.    Cook July 

Hand    iMuIford    &    Sleight July 

Halsey   ....'Huntting   Cooper ,June 

Green iLuther  D.   Cook I 

Cartwright 
Harris  — . 

Eldridge.  .  .  S.   &   N.    Howell June 

Sayre    R.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co..  July 

Barns    C.  T.  Derin<-r  &  Co July 

Howell N.   G.   Howell    Aug. 

Green    | July 

Havens    Mulford  fr  Sleight Tulv 

Topiiing  .  .  .  Josiah  Douirlas Jiily 

■Hand    Mulford  <fe  Sleight May 

Miller ,H.  &  N.  Corwin 

■  Payne "  July 


,  Chas.    T.    Dering July 

S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co..  May 


'35 

'35 


Parker S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co..  July  17-May  11,  '36 

Cooper Luther  D.   Cook July  25-May  16,   '35 

Green June   4-May   24,   '35 

Howell 


July   26-April   '35 

June   4-May,  '35 

May   12,  '35 


13-May  3. 
29-July  1. 
17-Apl.  23. 
2-May  10. 
16-:Mav  n. 
17-Mav  19, 
9-Mch.    6, 

July  1, 
20-Apl.  18, 
16- June  5, 
29-June  17. 
2 

13 

6-Apl.    10, 
20 

20-May  12, 
11 
25-Am.  12, 

May   7, 
23-May   3, 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


325 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Whaling    Ground 


300'So.  Atlantic 

36G  Pacific 

2SG  So.  Atlantic 

285 

307 

397 

314 

391 


Indian  Ocean 

Pacific    

So.  Atlantic   . 
Pacific    


311  So.  Atlantic 
'368 


288 
280 
338 
314 
350 
336 
350 


299 


286 
307 
285 
314 
326 
333 
311 
288 
338 
280 

368 
314 
350 


East  Cape 


So.  Atlantic 


Pacific    

So.  Atlantic 


3.  Oil      W.Oil        Bone 


1,900 

250 

75 


2,500 
2,550 


23 
400 
350 


130 

■  'is 

400 
500 


65 
300 
140 

'266 

"366 


70 
200 
130 


5U0 


299 
336 
350  Tristan 


Remarka 


30 


1,050 
100 
1,400 
1,685 
1.850 

1,666 


1,350 
2,100 
2,350 


1  220 
1,800 
1,850 
2,00n 

2.200 
1.900 


975 
2,000 
1,550 
1,200 
1,600 
1,800 
1  200 

i'..566 

1.000 

1.950 

220 

1.700 
1,900 
1,300 


1,200 
1,900 
1,820 


12,000 
15.000 


9,000 


11,500 
15.000 


18,000 
18,000 


18,000 
'1,366 


|$26,000. 
$19,000. 


Built  1833.     Catch,  $62,000. 
$14,000.     Greenport. 
$63,000. 

Lost      in      typhoon     1834;      900 
whale  saved. 


$37,000.  Formerly  London  pack- 
et; added  1833. 

$15,000. 


$30,000. 
$18,000. 


$16,000. 
$25,000. 


'$21,000.      Greenport. 
$24,000. 


15,000'$30.000. 

Also    reported   with    150   sperm, 

1.400    whale.      $24,000. 
$26,000.     Bot  Wareham,  '34. 
$38,000. 


Lost    at    the    Marquesas,    1835; 
had  2,000   bbls. 


i  Greenport.     $22,000. 

l,400i$23,000. 


299 

283 

286 

345 

285' 

307 

326 

368' 

333 

311 

2S3 

338 

280 

464 

350 

299 

310 

389 

339 

314 


So.  Atlantic 


1.850       $25,000. 

1.000       


150 

1  or.o     

Ca-pt.    killed    by    whale.    $28,000. 

JHO 

1.100     

$21  000. 

Bot.   N.   Y.    1835. 

400 

1.000     

3S0 

820       

100 

900       

$27,000. 

520 

1.100       

2,500       

1.000       

$35,000. 

100 

500       

700 

3'.  166     ..... 

190 

i'.2i6     '.'.'.'.. 

$18,000. 

400 

2.J00     .... 

$10,000. 

1  ;»Po     .... 

$24,000. 

Gport.    Bot.    N.    Y.,    '35 

150 

1,650       

$25,000. 

Greenport   owned. 

320 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOH'N    OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


1836 

Ann    

American    .  . 

■  Acasta 

CamlUus  .  .  . 
Columbia  .  . 
Cadmus   , . . . 

Fanny    

Gem    

Henry    

Hudson  .  . . . 
Hannibal  . . 
Hamilton  . . 
Marcus  .  . . , 
Monmouth  . 
Neptvine  .  . . 
Kimrod  .  .  .  . 
Ontario  . . . . 
Phenix  . . .  . 
Romulus    .  .  . 

Thorn  

Thames  .  .  .  . 
Washington 

Delta    

Roanoke  .  . , 
Triad    


Captain 


Managing  Owner 
or  Agent 


Date 
Sailing — Arrival 


KH^ 


C.    W. 


Bishop  . .  .  . 
Jennings.  . . 
Dennison  .  . 

Topping. . . 
Hedges  .  .  .  . 

Hand    

Payne    

Halsey 

Cartwright. 

Green   

Douglas  .  .  . 

Jones 

Sweeney.  . . 
Topping  .  . . 

Slate  

I'arker   .  .  .  . 

Green   

Cooper   .  . .  , 

Rodgers. . . 
Havens  .  . . . 
Nickerson. . 
Topping  .  . . 

Griffin    

Harris  .  .  .  , 
Loper  


July  6-May  18, 
July  29-Apl.  8. 
June   9-Apl.    28, 


Marcus    B.    Oshorn.... 
S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co 

Mulford    &    Sleight 

Charles  T.   Dering July  18-Apl.  19, 

iLuther   D.   Cook July    7-Apl.    27. 

Mulford    &    Sleight July  IS-Mch.  15, 

N.   &  G.   Howell July    28-May    3. 

Huntting  Cooper    July  20-iMay  18, 

Chas.  T.   Dering    June  16-Apl.  27, 

Luther   D.   Cook    |Aug.   27.-Apl.   9, 

S.  &   B.   Huntting  &  Co..|July    8-Apl.    15, 

Chas.  T.  Dering    

!s.  &  N.  Howell 


Sept.  26-May  7. 
July  IS-May  ^, 
July  18-Apl.  10, 
.luly  1-May  3, 
Sept.  26-Mav  9, 
June  29-Apl.  30, 


S.  &  B.    Huntting  &  Co. 

C.  T.  Dering  &  Co 

S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co. 

jLuther   D.   Cook {Aug.  10-Jun.  10, 

;Mulford  &  Howell Llune   1,^,-May   5, 

■Mulford  &  Sleight June  29-Apl.  10, 

[July    7-Apl.    18. 

jJosiah    Douglas    July  18-Apl.  2S, 

|h.  &  N.   Corwin :       July-Apl.  20, 

Wiggins  &  Parsons I       Aug. -May   3, 

H.  &  N.  Corwin ;       July-Apl.  28, 


'37 
•38 
'37 
'37 
•37 
•37 
•37 
'37 
•37 
•37 
■37 
•3S 
•37 
•37 
'37 
•37 
•3S 
•38 
'37 
•37 
•37 
'38 
•38 
•37 
•37 


1837 


Ann    

Acasta     ,  — 

Arabella    

Camillus    'a.  Rog'ers" 

Columbia    i Hedges 

Concordia   ^^•oodward! 


Bishop 
Hand    . 
-Pearson 


Cadmus 
Daniel  Webster 


Franklin 
Fanny    . . 


Hand    . 

S.  H.  Harlow   . 

Griffin 

Payne  . 


Marcus  B.  Osborn Aug.    3-May   20.  '38 

Mulford  &  Sleight July  11-May  19,  '38 

N.  &  G.  Howell   July  22-May  20,  ^39 

Chas.   T.   Dering    July    8-Apl.    28,  '38 

Luther  D.   Cook    July    14-May   7,  ^38 

Thomas  Brown May  20-May  10.  '38 

Mulford    &    Sleight May   19,  "38 

E.  Mulford   Aug.  17-Apl.  13,  '39 


Chas.  T.   Dering Aug.   17-May    4,   '39 

I.V.  &  G.   Howell July    8-May    7,   '38 


France  

Gem    

Henry    

Hudson    

Marcus     

Monmouth     

Neptune    

Noble   

Nimrod     

Romulus    

Thorn     

Thomas  IDicRason, 

Thames    

Xenophon   

Payard   

Roanoke    

Seraph   


J. 


E.   Howell    

I.Uillnw 

Cart  wight 

Greon    

Payne  

Smith 

Slate    

lames   Sayre    

Parker   .  . .  . 

Rodgers  .  .  . 

Topning   .  .  . 

W.  S.    Havens    .  .  .  , 
Nickerson. 

Halsey    .  .  .  . 

■   Miller    

Case 

Sherman.  . , 


Triad    

Washington 

1838 


June   21-May   7. 

Huntting  Cooper    July    18-May    8, 

Chas.  T.   Dering    June  27-Apl.  27. 

Lutlier   D.   Cook    Aug.   3-May   26. 

S.   &   N.    Howell July    8-Anl.    30, 

July-May    8, 

S.   &  B.   Huntting  &  Co.  .  June  27-Apl.  24, 

Ira  B.   Tuthill    July    22-May    8, 

C.  T.   Dering  &  Co July  25-May  20, 

Mulford  &  Howell July   8-Mch.   18, 

Mulford  &  Sleight July    10-.\pl.    7, 

"  July   18-Apl    27, 

•'  June  27-Mav  10. 

"  June  27-Jiine  23, 

H.  &  N.  Corwin    |       July-Apl.  22, 

Wiggins  &  Parsons |  June-Apl., 

Samuel   Lamson   July-May,  21, 


Robt. 


•  Loper   .... 
N.    Wllber. 


H.  &  N.  Corwin. 
James  Tuthill    .  . 


June-Apl.  2  4, 
June-Apl.    19, 


•38 
•38 
•3.S 
•39 
•38 
'38 
•39 
'38 
'3S 
'39 
•38 
•39 
•3S 
•38 
•39 
'38 
'38 

•39 

•38 


Ann 


American 
Acasta  .  . 
Camillus 


inx 


Bishop   ....jMarcus    B.    Osborn    July    11-May    9.   ^39 

Jennings..  S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co..  May  28-July  10.  '40 

Smith Mulford  &  Sleight July   6-Aug.   31.   '40 

Rogers 'Charles  T.   Dering Aug.   1-June   13.     39 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


Z21 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Whalingr   Ground 


S.  Oil       W.  Oil      Bone 


Remarks 


Ship 


299 
283 
286 
345 
285 
307 
391 
326 
333 
368 
311 
322 
283 
273 
338 
280 
368 
311 
233 
299 
350 
340 
314 
251 
336 


So.  Atlantic 


250 


100 

90 

100 

'  '85 
100 


170 
100 

■'50 


100 


1,350 

2.150 

2'.6o6 

2.100 
1,800 
2,100 

I'SOO 
2.300 
1.500 
1,300 
1.350 
1.700 
2,300 
1,300 
3.500 
1,600 
1.250 
1.950 
1,350 
1.500 
1.950 
700 
1  800 


299  So.  Atlantic ••••     1 


286 
367 
345 
285 
265 
307 
397 

391 
391 

411 

326 
333 
368 
283 
273 
338 
274 
280 
233 
299 
454 
350 
384 
339 
251 


336 

236 


130 
60 
130 


90 
280 

220 
60 


ISO 
130 
700 


180 


120 


300 


Atlantic  I  l'*<' 


So.  Atlantic 


299  So.  Atlantic 

283 
286 
345 


165 
150 


30 

400 
200 


.350 
570 
740 
1,620 
1,750 
1,100 
1,800 
2.020 

1,100 
1,450 

2,300 
1,350 
1,620 
2,000 

750 
1,300 
2,000 
1.100 

500 
1  500 
1.000 
3,8  80 
1,100 
1,475 
1,600 
1,650 

100 

1.700 
1,300 


970 

1,100 
1,700 
1,600 


$22,000. 

.$25,000. 
$25,000. 


$28,000. 
Estimated  $25,000. 

$30,000. 

$17,000. 

$20,000. 


$18,000. 
$38,000. 
$19,000. 
$28  000. 


$17,000. 
$20,000. 
$11,000. 
$19,000. 


$16,000. 
$10,000. 

$20,000. 


$33,000. 

whale 
$20,000. 
$19,000. 

whale 
$26,000. 
$22,000. 

546.000. 

$12,000. 


Retd.    once    with     60 
sperm. 


Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 


Capt.  Harlow  killed  by 
Nov.  6.   1838. 


Capt.  Payne 
Jan.   2.   1838. 


killed  by 


$12  000. 

$6,000. 

$18,000. 


40.000  "^63, 000. 

Condemned,    Sag-   Harbor,    1838. 

$13,000. 

$41,000.      Greenport. 

$18,000.     Greenport. 

$5,000.     From  Greenport.  Prob- 
ably  owned   in    Southold. 

$23,000.      Grenport. 

$18,000.      Greenport. 


I  Another  report  says:  200  sperm, 
1,900  whale.     $20,000. 

$23,000. 
$19,000. 


32'^ 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOlfN    Of  SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


Captain 


ManaKintc  Owner 
or  Asrent 


Date 
Sailing: — Arrival 


Concordia    , 
Columbian 
Cadmus   .  . 
France  .  .  .  , 


Fanny    . . . 

Gem    

lltnry 
1 1 a  n  n  i  ha 1  . 
I  lainilton 
Marcus  .  . 
Monmoutli 
N'imrod  .  . 
Ontario  .  . 
Phenix   .  .  . 


Woodward 
IMerson  .  . 
Babcocit  .  . 
Howell   


Thos.    Hrown    July  11 -Oct.,   '  10 

Lutlier  D.  Cook June  1  l-May  If).   '39 

Mulford  &  Sleight June  14-May  15,  '39 

X.  &  G.    Howell    July  16-Auk.  17.  '41 


Panama Thos. 

Tliorn 


I'ayne 

Ludlow  .  .  . 
S.>eeney  .  . 
Bennett    .  .  . 

.lones    

Glover    . .  .  . 

Smith    

I  arker   .  .  •  . 

Green   

Toppinjj   .  . 

E.  Crowell. 
Tuttle    .  .  . 


N.   &  G.    Howell luly-May    9. 

Hunttin^'    Cooper July  11-. July  .30, 

S.  L'Hommodieu i  ne  23-.May  29, 

S.  &  B.   llunitins  &  Co..  July   26-July   8, 

Derin;,'    Aus.    9-Mav    7. 

N.  Howell    ^""p   9-\'-il.    30, 

July  17-May  21, 

Derinic  &  Co .juiy    il-.May    9, 

B.   Hunttins,"-  &  Co..       July-July    18, 
Cook    July   25-May   8, 


C.   T. 

S.  & 


T. 
& 
D. 


Washintjton 
Xenoplion    .  . 

Delta    

Roanoke    . . . 

Serapli    

\\ashinKton 
Noble 


Sayre    . 

tialsey 

Griffin 

Ca.-^e    .  . 

Barnes 

Wilber 

Sayre   . 


N.   &  G.    Howell June  12-Apl.  11, 

Mulford    &    Sleight uct.    18 


'Josiah  Douglas July  26-Apl.  2  4, 

MuKord    &    Sleight J  uly  26-J  uly  10, 


H.  &   X.   Corwin 

.Wiggins   &    Parsons. 

,  ISaml.   Lamson 

.James  Tuthill    

.Ira    B.    Tuthill 


July- 

July-May  4, 
July-Feb.    26, 

July-May  2, 
May  9. 


'39 
■39 
•39 
'40 
•40 
•39 

•39 
•39 

•40 

•41 


•39 
'40 
'39 
'39 
•39 
'39 
•39 


Jr 


1839  ' 

Ann     E-  H.  Curry 

Arabella    John   Bishop.  Jr 

Camillus    E.   H.   Howes    .. 

Columbia     L.    B.    Idwards. 

Cadmus    Hy.    Xicker.son, 

Daniel  Webster  ..     Edw.  M.  Baker... 

Franklin    Da\  id   Voungs    .  .  . 

r";,nnv         S.  W^   Edwards   .. 

Gem    .  Worth    .  . . 

Hamilton   2nd    ....  D.   Hand    

Hudson    Saml.    Dennison.. 

Marcus    Glo\  er    .  .  . 

Mmmouth    Bennett    .. 

.Veptune     S.   H.  Sleight   .  .  .  . 

Xlmrod    1  arker   .  .  . 

Ontario    Green   .  .  .  . 

Portland    Wm.   H.   Payne   .. 

Homuhis   Fordham.  . 

Thos.  Dlckason   .  .  .  W.   S.    Havens    .  .  . 

Tliames    I.    W.    Hedges    .  .  . 

Washington    Wm.    Osborn    .  .  .  . 

Bavard     

Delta    

Roanoke    

Sora'ih    

Triad    |Issac 

Washington    

Noble 


Payne  . 

Case   .  . 

Barnes 

M.  Case. 

•  Wilbur 

•  Sayre   . 


Marcus  B.  Osborn    lA.ug-.  25-May  12, 

N.   &  G.   Howell July  30-June  14, 

Chas.  T.    Dering    Aug.     7-July    9, 

iLuther   D.   Cook July    14-Apl.    2, 

iMulford    &    Sleight June  24-Sep.  24. 

lE.  Mulford    May  30-Apl.  19, 

C.   T.   Dering    July  17-Apl.  1 1. 

In.  &  G.    Howell July  14-Mch.  8. 

iHuntting    Coopei- Sep.  9-  July  15, 

Muliord    &    Sleiglit June  17-Oct.  11, 

L.  D.  Cook    Aug.   1-July  23, 

iS.   &   N.    Howell July     l-May     3, 

July    27-:Mav    3. 

{S.  &   B.   Huntting  &  Co..  Aug.     1-Apl.     6, 

C.  T.   Dering  &  Co Aug.    7-May   29, 

S.  &  B.    huntting  &  Co.  .  S^n.   17-May  15. 
j  "  June  13-May  14, 

Mulford  &  Howell May  30-May  26, 

Mulford  &  Sleight July  26-Mch.  26. 

Thos.   Brown    jMay    30-Apl.    3. 

Josiah    Douglas    July    6-Mch.    5, 

,|H.  &  N.  Corwin July-June, 

,  I  "  July  l.-.-May  29, 

,i Wiggins   i<c    Parsons July  12- June  15, 

.  Saml.  Damson   .June  11-May  12, 

.  H.  &   X.   ("orwin July  15-Apl.  IS, 

.   James  Tuthill    July     8-May     3. 

.Ira  B.  Tutliill    June   12-May  14, 


1840 


Acasta   Sylv.   P.   Smith.  .  . 

American    —  Cooper   .  . . 

Camillus    Ezekiel    H.   Howes 

<'oncordia    J Woodward 

Gem    T.  B.  Worth iHunttini 


Huron 


Greene 


Mulford    &    Sleight Oct.  11-Aug.  13. 

<^.  &   B.    Huntting  &  Co.  .  Aug. :11-May  16, 

Chas.  T.   P)oring Oct.    15-Dec.    6, 

Thos.   Brown    Xov.    2S-Apl.    9, 

Cooper    .Uig.  2S-July  19. 

.iLuther    D.   Cook Sept.  1-June  11. 


•41 
•41 
•40 
•41 
■41 
•41 
'41 
•41 
•40 
'JO 
'41 
■40 
•40 
•41 
■40 
•40 
•41 
•40 
•41 
'41 
•41 
•40 
•41 
•40 
•40 
•11 
•40 
•40 


'11 
•J2 
•41 
•42 
•41 
•42 


1 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


329 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Whalins:    Ground    S.Oil      W.Oil       Bone 


Remarks 


Bark 

Ship 


Brig- 
Ship 
Bark 


Ship 


Bark 
Brig  . 

Ship 

Bark 


Ship 
Bark 
Ship 


265 
285 
307 
411 

391 

326 
333 
311 
322 
283 
273 
280 
368 
314 

464 


384 
314 
251 
174 
236 
274 


299 

367 

345 

285 

307 

397 

391 

391 

326 

455 

368 

283 

273 

338 

280 

368 

292 

233 

454 

414 

3  40 

339 

314 

251 

174' 

336 

236 

2741 


300 


700 


it 
*» 

"600 

<( 

'ioo 

(( 

160 

«i 

50 

*« 

75 

u 

it 

« 

120 

It 

400 

Pacific 



So.  Atlantic 

58 

u 

240 

*t 

■200 

tt 

190 

« 

200 

«i 

195 

South 

Seas 

450 

u 

200 

tt 

200 

l< 

60 

Pacific 

553 

South 

Seas    

400 

(( 

250 

Pacific 

100 

Sovith 

Seas    

280 

ii 

300 

So.  Atlantic 

330 

it 

370 

(• 

90 

«■ 

t* 

200 

«« 

Xew  Zealand 

350 

So.  At  ■antic 

130 

« 

360 

South 

Seas    

ibO 

it 

85 

So.  Atlantic 

<( 

3Vb 

140 
100 

«« 

275 

tt 

200 

tt 

70 

1,800 
300 
500 

3.500 

1.000 
1.000 

900 
1,550 
2,200 
1,100 

825 
1,400 

2'.386 


26.730 


3,300   29,000 


$60,000.  Capt.  Howell  killed  by 

whale,  July  23,  1840. 
$12,000. 
$30,000. 


$28,000. 

$13,000. 
$18,000. 

Estimated  $20,000. 
$28,000.       Capt.     Topping     left 
ship;  came  home  sick. 


350 
2,710 

1,250 

720 

1,000 

450 


286  South    Seas    1 2.000 

283  Xew  Zealand ,     -00  2,2,tO 

345  Atlantic     '     201  1.409 

265  Indian  Ocean 250  1,100 

326  So.  Atlantic i       50  2,250 

290,        "                                     550  450 


Bay 
Had 


of  Islands, 
50    sperm, 


Condemned   at 

July     1840. 

1,60  0  whale. 
$6,000. 
$35,000. 

No   record   of  catch. 
$21,000.     Greenport. 
$15,000.      Grenport 
$18,0  00.      Greenport. 
$11,000.      Owned.    New    Suffolk, 


Grenport. 


$22,000. 


$42,000. 
$38,000. 
$38,000. 
$26,000. 


1,750  14  640  $34,000 

2.200  16,200 

1,450  

2,350  25,207 

1.473  12,000 

2,700  26,271 

2,800  20,246 

3,100  2o,50L 

1  970  

2,600  

15,858 

850  

1.200  

2,7U0  22,206 

1,200  

2,350  

2,100  16,201 

1,170  

4,000  38,00( 

3,140  26,88, 

2  500  22,21 

1,100  

1,650  12,48 

960  

300  

1,525  ll,29i 

1,200  

530  


Sold  1,750  whale.  Total.  $23,000. 
$28,000. 


$20,000. 

$21,000. 

$33,000. 

$25,000. 

$56,000. 

B^ouaht 

$30,000. 

$12,000. 

$28,000. 

$14,000. 

$6,000. 

1!25,000. 

$19,000. 

$8,0000. 


Bot.  Newburgh. 


from  Newport. 

Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
New    Suffolk. 


14,900 


11,377 

801 
14,691 


$22,000. 

$22,000. 

$25,000.  .       ^, 

Bought  from  Hudson.     Another 

report  says:  250  sp.,  1.100  wh. 

&  8,000  bone.     $18,000. 


:h30 


HISTORY    Ob    THE    TO  UN    OF  SOUTH  AM  HON 


Name    of    Vessel 


Captain 


Manayini?  Owner 
or  Agrent 


Date 
Sailing — Arrival 


11,  niv     . !ohn  SwccMcy    .  .  . 

Ilannilial   Lewis  L.  Honnett. 

Hamilton     Ludlow    ... 

Hamilton   2nd    ....  U.    Hand    

Monmoiitli 


Sayre 
Loper 
Rarnes 

Green S.  &   B 

Bribes    ....  I..ullier 


Marcus    David 

.\  1  m  r.  )d    

Ontario    

riionix    

Romulus    

Xenoplion    

Bayrrd     Krancis  Sayre   .  . 

Roanoke    ""ni    Olo- f  r     'r. 

St-ranh   Geo.  "W.  Corwin 

Wasliington    icout.  N.  Wilour. 

Noble   lames   Sayer    .  .  . 


.  Saml.    L'lloininedieu 

S.  &  B.   HuiitliMK  &  Co.  .|Au|f.  25-June  26, 

Chas.  T.   Dtrin.;,'   I       July    2-.July, 

Mulford    &    Sleisln Dec.    3-July    14. 

Auf?.   4-.June  19, 

.v.   &  G.   Howell June  15-Sep.  2  4. 

Chas.  T.  Derinic fuly   9-JuIy    19, 

HunltiniT  &  Co..  Sep.    l-:May    22, 
D.    Cook July  lO-May  26, 


Rogers  ....Mulford    &    Howell July 


Halsey 


1841 


Mulford  &  Sleiirht Aug. 

H.  &  N.  Corwin Aug. 

Wisrgins   &    Parson Aug. 

Saml.    Lamson    July 

Wiggins   &    I'arson Aug. 

Tra    B.    Tuthill Mch. 


8-May  9. 
12, -Nov.  2  4, 
5-Aug.  6, 
3-Apl.  18, 
10-June  4. 
6-Aug.  19, 
1.5-June  2. 


Acasta Havens    .  .  .  Mulford 

Ann    Curry Mulford 

Arabella    Babcock...  X.  &  G. 

Cadmus Smith    ....  Mulford 

Camillas    Wlckham   JenningsChas.  T. 


Columbia 
Ci'escent 


&    ."leight Sep.  12-Julv  31. 

&  liowell July  19-Ma"y  10, 

Howell    Sep.  26-Mch.  17, 

&    Sleight lOct.  19-June  28, 

Dering Dec.    9-Aug., 


'41 
'42 
•43 
"41 
'41 
'41 
'42 
'42 
'42 
'42 
'41 
'41 
'41 
'41 
'41 


'42 
•43 
•44 
•43 
'43 


Daniel  Webster 

Fanny    

France   

Franklin    

Gom    

Henry    

Hannibal 

Marcus    

Monmouth    .  .  .  . 

Neptune     

Nimrod    

O.  C.  Raymond 

Panama 

Portland    

S.  Richnrds  .  .  . 
Thames  11  .  .  .  . 
Tlios.  Dickason 
Wasliington    .  . . 

Wickford     

WIscasset 

Bayard     

Delta    


K'd  wards 
Royce  .  . 


Roanoke 
Seraph   .  , 


-  Baker   .  . 

-  Fordhatn 

-  Edwards 

-  Halsey 

-  Worth 

-  Young 
-Bennett 

-  Loner   . 

-  Hedges 

-  Ludlow 

-  Rogers 

-  Dennison 

-  Crowell 
-Payne  .  . 

-  Dering   . 
-Hedsres     . 

-  Havens  . 

-  ( )shorne 
.^^llr>^    .  . 

-  Smith    .  . 

-  Fordham 

-  Glover    . 


Triad    

Washington 
Nnble 


1842 


Acasta 

Alclope    

jA  niff'r-nn 

Ann  Mary  Ann.  . 

Barbara     


Case   .  . 
Corwin 


Case    .  . 

Griffin 

Brown 


I.uther   D.   Cook June  26-Mch.  16,  '43 

jPost  &   Sherry Sep.    27-Aug.,  '43 


Mulford  &  Howell. 
;N.  &  G.   Howell.  .  . 


Huntting  Cooper 


^.  L'Hiinmedieu 

S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co. 

v.   &  G.    Iiowell 

.T.    IT.   Jones 

S.  Sz.  B.  Huntting  &  Co.  . 
C.  T.  Dering  &  Co 


N.  &  G.  Howell 

S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co.  . 

Mulford    &    Sleight 

Thomas  Brown 

Mulford    &    Sleight 

Huntting   Cooper    

ID.  T.  Vail 


:H.  &  N.  Corwin. 


July  8-June  1,  "43 
May  21-Oct.,  '43 
Oct.  1-June  10,  '43 
July  12-Apl.  9,  '44 
Sen.  26-Aug.  5,  '43 
June  16-May  10,  '43 
Aug.    4-June    7,   '42 

Nov.    17-July,   '43 

Sep.  11-June  25,   '42 

June    l-May    7,   '43 

Oct.-July  11,  '42 

Sep.  21 

July  6-Oct.,  '42 
June  2}i-June  23,  '42 

July  10-Nov..  '43 
July  6-Apl.  4, .•43 
Julv  14-June  IS,  '44 
June  2-Anl.  22,  '43 
I  Dec.  22-.A.pl.  '43 
Dec.  6-Jt)ne  7,  '4  4 
Sep.  26-May  7,  '43 
I       Dec.   4-June,  '43 


Wiggins   &    Parson Llune   2-July  23,   '42 

|Saml.  Lamson July  8 


H.  &  N.  Corwin 


Ira 


Julv    7-May,   '4  3 
iSen.  30-May  22,   '43 
B.    Tuthill    July    19-May    1,   '43 


Havens    .  .  .Mulford  &  Sleight 

Paine    post   &   Sherry    

Coojier S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co 

Winters   .  .  .  iMulford  &•  Sleight 

Howes IChas.    T.    Dering ;May    31-July    6 


.A.ug.  29-June  20,  '44 
Sep    1 1-:^fpv  19.   ''4 

Julv   IS .   '43 

.  Nov.  25-Mav  27,  '45 
'43 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


331 


Class  and 
Tonnajfe 


Whalinsr    Ground    S.  Oil      W.  Oil      Born 


Ship 


Brig: 
Ship 
Bark 


Bark 
Ship 


Bark 

Ship 


Brig- 
Ship 


Bark 
Brig- 


Ship 
Bark 

Ship 

Bark 


Indian  Ocean 

Pacific    

South  Seas  . . 
So.  Atlantic   . 


New  Zealand 
So.  Atlantic   . 


333 

311 

322 

455 

273 

283 

280 

368 

314 

233 

384 

339 

251 

174:Atlantic 

236iSo.  Atlantic 

274 


2S6lSo.  Atlantic  .  .. 
299  \'ew  Zealand  .  . 
367;Crozette  Island 
307|So.  Atlantic  .  . . 
3451 


385 
340 

397 
391 
411 
391 
326 
333 
311 
203 
273 
338 
280 


465 
292 
454 
.414 
451 
3  40 
115 
380 
339 
314 

251 
174 


336 
236 

274 


2S6 
377 
28  4 
380 
260 


N'e-.v  Zealand    .  . 
Orozette  Island 


N'.  W.  Coast  . 
Xew  Zealand 
Indian  Ocean 
yew  Zealand 
So.  Atlantic  . 
-Xew  Zealand 
Indian  Ocean 
.^o.  Atlantic   . 


Vew  Zealand 
So.  Atlantic  . 
New  Holland 
Xew  Zealand 
Indian  Ocean 
New  Zealand 


154 

60 

700 

340 


830 
110 
500 
500 
500 
100 
200 
150 
180 
130 
260 


50 
60 

500 
70 

300 


400 
300 


350 
220 
200 


100 
700 


40 
300 

iso 

80 

220 

SO 

50 


.A.tlantic     I  5  0 

New  Zealand    :  250 

Cro;ette  Island   .  .  .''  250 

South    Seas    I  300 


So.  Atlantic 
Atlantic     .  . . 


580 


New  Zealand 110 

So.  Atlantic 

New  Zealand   200 


1  900  14,358 

1,650  9.459 

1,600       

3,700       

1,850       

904  4,070 

1,550  13.419 

2,200       

2,100  17,000 

1,200  8,000 

2,000       

1  400  7,432 

1,650  12,028 

315  3,000 

1,123  9,500 

1,200  6,945 


1,750 
2,340 
2.200 
2,080 
1,000 


2,200 
1,200 

3,300 
2,550 
2,450 
2,800 
2,200 
2,250 
900 
00 
850 
650 
200 


600 


2,ino 

1,700 
2.000 


13,000 

18,720 
22  000 


21,000 
18.000 

33.000 
22,000 
19,600 
28  000 
18,000 
18,000 


5,000 
14,000 
21,200 


3,570 

30,000 

2,270 

. 

3.600 

30,000 

3,220 

38,600 

2,950 

12,000 

2.300 

18,240 

2,600 

27.000 

1,900 

15,200 

1,400 

11,200 

Remarka 


$34,000. 

Ket'd   once  damaged  In  gale. 

$20,000. 


$20,000. 

*o  i,LiO0. 

$35,000. 

$35,000. 

Broken 

$21,000. 

$21,000. 

$9,000. 

$16,000. 

$20,000. 


up  on  return.  $27,000. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
New  Suffolk.  N.  Y. 


$22  000. 
$30,000. 


$30,000.  Another  report  says: 
700  sperm.  Condemned  after 
voyage. 


$40,000.      Sold 

Janeiro. 
$44,000. 
.f  4U,0U0. 
$36,000. 
$45,000. 
$29,000. 


$22,000.      Cold    Spring. 


1.500   whale.   Rio 


16  800 
13,600 
16.000 


$21,000. 

dold   at  Valparaiso. 


$29,000. 

$52,000. 
.$58  000. 
$39,000. 
$30,000. 
$1,000. 
$48,000. 
$28,000. 
$24,000. 
ased 
$20,000. 


1843. 


Capt.    died 
Withdrawn, 


July. 
1843 


•42. 


Owned    in-  Greenport. 
Returned    once    dam- 
in   collision. 
Greenport. 
Had   150  sperm,   75   whale;  con- 
demned  and   sold   at   Rio   Ja- 
neiro,     Jan.,      1842.        Catch. 
$4,000.      Greenport. 
$30,000.      Greenport. 
$22,000.      Greenport. 
$29,00.     New  Suffolk.  N.  Y. 


South    Seas    ....      1.600     13, OOOi  $22,000. 


Crozette  Island 
South    Seas 


170 
50 
75 

400 


2,830 

1.000 

2.600 

900 


25,000!$46,000.   Bot.   Boston.   '42. 

6,000 
23,000 

7,200 


$35,000. 
$19,000. 
rigged 


Formerly 
1842. 


a    brig;    re- 


:v^'2 


HiyruKY    OF    THE    TUffN    OF  SOUTH  AM  FTUN 


Xame    of    Vessel 


(■(■III    

llamlltDn  . 
Hannil)al  . 
Hc-nr.v  Lee 
Ifuilson  .  .. . 
Huron  .  .  .  . 
J  oil  II  Jay   .  . 


Captain 


Manasins  Owner 
or  Asent 


Date 
Sailins — Arrival 


Nlmrod 

Ontario 

rhcnix   . 

Portland 

Romulus 

Superior 

Timor 


Worth    ....   Ilunttins   Cooper    ^fP-     1-Auf,'.     5, 

Ludlow    .  .  .  Chas.  T.  Derinj,'    July  14-May  21. 

Bennett    ...I.S.  &   B.   Hunttins  &  Co..  Aug.   4 . 

Bennett   ...  "  Sep.    2-Feb.    17. 

Nickeri-on.  .Luther  D.   Cook Oct.   11-Apl.   14. 

Green    I  "  \       Auf?.   20-Auff. 

Rogers .X.  &  G.   Howell Oct.    7-Feb.    10, 


Howes 
Greene 
Brigss 
I'aine 
Case  . 
Cartwright 
KldridKe.  . 


Chas.  T.   Doring Aug.   2S-July, 

S.   &  B.   Hunttiiif,'  &  Co..  June   30-July   8, 

Luther  D.   Cook July  SO-July  2  8, 

Aug-.  4-Apl.  14. 
June  22-Aug., 
July-June  10, 


S.  &  B.   Hunttinyr  &  Co. 

Mulford    &    Howell 

Tost  &   Sherry 

Hunttins    Cooper    Sep.   2T-Apl.  26 

Tuscany  .      .  James  Godbey   ....   John  Budd    Oct.    7-Feb.    26, 

Uoanoke      ' ' Case    Wiggins  &  Parsons Oct.    1-Apl.    IS 


■43 
'41 
'43 
"45 
'44 
'43 
•45 


'4  3 
'41 
'44 
'44 
'43 
'43 
'44 
'43 
'44 


1843 


Alexander  

American    

Ann     

Barbara    

Cadmus   

Columbia    

Concordia    

Crescent    

Citizen  

Daniel  Webster 

F'anny    

I'rance 


Jones    W'm.    A.    Jones    i       Sep.  15-July. 

Havens    .  .  .  S.  &   B.   Huntting  &•  Co..  Sep.  IS-Aug.   11, 

Leek Mulford  &   Howell    July     7-May     6, 

Howes    ....Chas.    T.    Dering    1  Aug.  26-Ju'"  10. 

Smith Mulford   &    Sleiglit Aug.   2  4-June  9, 

Kdwards    .  .  |l.  D.  Cook   Jnue    20-Apl.    2 


Cartwright.lThos.  Brown 


Gem    

Hamilton   2nd 


Hannibal    

Henry     

Huron    

Helen 

Illinois     

Josephine    

Marcus    

Manliattan    

Neptune    

N'imrod    . 

Ontario  2nd    .... 

Romulus , 

Superior    

Thames   IT    

Washlni-'ton    .... 

Wm.   Tell    

Raynrd     

Caroline    

Delta    

Sarah  &  Esther. 


Miller 
Lansing  . 
Curry  . . . 
Edwards. 
Edwards. 


Worth 
Loper   , 


l^ost   &    Sherry 

Mulford  &  Sleight. 
Mulford  &  Howell.  . 
N.  &  G.    Howell    .  .  . 


June  30-May  31, 
Oct.  11-Mav  6, 
Apl.  21-July  22. 
Aug.  17-.A.P1.  2. 
Dec.  4-Mch.  12. 
July   21-May  23, 


'48 
'45 
'46 
'44 
'45 
'45 

'45 
'46 
'46 
'45 
•46 
'46 


ight. 


Canning 

Brown    . 

Green   .  . 

Cartwr 

Jaggej-   .  . . 

Royce  .... 

Shearman. 

Mercator    Cooper. 

Pierson    .  . 

Rogers   .  .  . 


Huntting    &    Cooper ]Sep.   15-May  11,   '45 

Mulford    &    Sleight lAug.  28 


S.  &   B.    Huntting  &  Co 

S.    L'Hommedieu    

L.    D.    Cook    Sep. 

C.  T.  Dering  &  Co Oct. 

Budd    Oct. 

&   Sherry Oct. 

G.    Howell Aug. 

Budd    Nov. 


B. 


Triad    

Washington 
Noble 


1844 


Acasta 


R.  Green 

Rogers   .  . 

Bishop   .  . 

Bishop    .  . 

Sanford    . 

Glover    .  . 

Fordham, 

Rose  .  .  . . 

Weeks    .  , 

Harlow    . 


John 

Post 

N.   & 

.lohn 

S.  & 

Chas. 

Post 


Aug.    29-Sep.    2. 

July    5-Mav    14, 

21-Mav  19, 

18- Apl.    6, 

25-Apl.    5, 

29-Sep.    14, 

31-May  13, 

S-Oct.    14. 


B.    Huntting  &  Co .  .  June  10-May  10. 
T.   Dering Aug.  26-Julv  18. 

&   Sherry    Aug.  31-May  1 1, 

.Mulford  &  Howell Sep.    25-June   8. 

Post   &   Sherry    i  July  24-May  10. 

Thomas    Brown    ! July    7.-.Iune    2. 

Huntting  Cooper    June  19-:Mch.  30. 

Thos.   Brown    iOet.    4-July    21. 

Corwin  &  Howell ISep.  27-July  31 


Case  .  . . 
Brown  . 
Sweeney 


Wiggins  it  Parsons 
Corwins  <Sr  Howell. 
Ireland.   Wells   & 

Carpenter    

Corwins  &  Howell.  . 
Wii;e-ins   &    Parson 
Ira  B.   Tuthill    


Harlow   .  .  .  .i.lohn   Budd 


Mch.  25-.'\pl.  22. 
AXig.  17-.Iuly  3. 
June  16-June  23 

July-Feb.  26. 
July  15-July  19. 
July  17 


'45 
'45 
'45 
'46 
'45 
'46 
'45 
'46 
'45 
'44 
'45 
'45 
'45 
'41 
'45 
'46 
'45 
'45 
'•15 
'44 

'45 

'44 


Aug-23-July  23.  '47 


I 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMHTON 


333 


Class  and 
Tonnag-e 


326 
322 
311 
409 
36S 
290 
494 


280 
368 
314 
292 
233 
275 
2Sf 
29S 
252 


370 
284 
299 
268 
307 
285 


Whalins    Ground    S.Oil      W.Oil        Bone 


Remarks 


Crozette  Island 
South  Seas  , . . 
Crozette  Island 


South  Seas  . . . 
So.  Atlantic  .  .  . 
Crozette  Island 


South    Seas    . 
Indian  Ocean 


Crozette  Island 
South    Seas    . . . 


Crozette  Island 


South    Seas 


N.  "W.  Coast 
Crozettes  .  . 
So.  Atlantic 


Crozettes     .  . 
So.  Atlantic 


365 
340 
464 
397 
391 
411  New 


South    Seas 
N.  W.  Coast 


Holland 


350 

50 

100 


500 


100 
80 


130 


100 


100 
200 
130 
300 
250 

160 


130 
25 
40 
90 


326  Crozettes     .  . 
455i.^r.  W.  Coast 


tt 

311 

tt 

333 

«< 

292 

(1 

424 

l< 

413 

«< 

397 

tl 

283 

It 

440 

" 

388 

Bark 

280 

Ship 

489 

" 

233 

Bark 

275 

Ship 

414 

" 

340 

4( 

370 

•* 

339 

•* 

252 

*' 

314 

Bark 

157 

Ship 

336 

** 

236 

Bark 

274 

So.  Atlantic i    100 

i    100 
M.  W.  Coast .... 

20 
30 
60 

75 


Crozettes     .  . . 
N.  W.  Coast  . 

So.  Atlantic  . 
V.  W.  Coast  . 
Crozettes  .  . . 
Indian  Ocean 
V.  W.  Coast.  . 
So.  Atlantic  . 
.v.  W.  Coast  . 


90 
200 
265 

70 
120 


25 


South  Seas  . . . 
Crozette  Island 
So.  Atlantic   .  .  . 


44 
60 

200 


336 h^outh  Seas ,    100 

9  qe  1  j 

274iSouth'  Seas  '!!!'.!!!  .  ..  . 


2,200 
2,050 
1,000 
2,800 
2,450 
1,200 
4,000 


1.000 
3,220 
2.500 
2.500 
950 
1,100 
2.500 
3.300 
1.800 


1,500 

1.800 
1.000 
1.100 
2,250 

1,500 
1,500 
3,000 
3.225 
3,100 
2.710 


1,500 
2,250 
2,400 
3,9S0 
2,900 
3,000 

1  000 

2;i69 
300 
3,400 
1,130 
1.400 
2,000 
2,675 
2.750 

2  160 
1  540 
1,300 

600 

2,500 
1.400 

i,4.f;o 


22 
18 
6 
28, 
23, 


000 

ooc 

000 

ooc 

00( 


40,000 


8 
27 
18 
25 


,000 
000 
.000 
,000 


25 
30 
15 


14, 
5 


28 

14, 
5, 
9, 
33, 
13 
10, 


10, 
22, 
24, 
12, 
26, 
6, 
6, 

18, 

2. 
36, 

9, 
19, 

4. 
25, 
22, 
20, 
12 
11, 

4, 


,600 
,000 
,000 
,000 


000 
000 
000 
000" 
000 

00  0 

000 
000 
000 
OOU 
OOU 


000 
000 
000 
00  0 

OOu 
OOU 
000 

000 
400 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
500 
000 
00  0 
000 
500 


$39,000. 

■:^6,000. 

$35  000. 

116,000. 

166,000.     Third 
ny   killed    by 
1843.       Bou 
mouth. 

$15,000. 

$49,000. 

$38,000. 

$37,000. 

$15,000. 

n4,ooo. 

Bought 

543,000. 
529,000. 


Mate  John  Pen- 
whale   June    28, 
ht    from    Ports- 


from  Boston,  1842. 
Bot.   Phila..   1842. 
Greenport. 


Bought    1843. 

•26,000. 
U8.000. 

Sold    500    bbls.    whale    at    Per- 
nambuco. 


Withdrawn   1847. 
Bought  1843. 


U6,000. 

!;36.000. 

M3,000. 

"37,000. 

$36,000.  Sent  home  400  whale 
and  11,432  lb.  bone;  with- 
drawn from  service. 

$38,000. 

Lost  near  Rio  Grande.  Feby., 
1845;  vessel  total  loss;  saved 
2,300   bbls.  whale  oil. 

eous-ht   from   Boston   1842 
'!32  000. 

$44,000.    Bot.    N.    Y.    1843. 
«  1,000.      Bot.   N.   Y.   1843. 
533,000.      Bot.   N.  Y..   1843. 
^old    for    merchant    service. 
Bot.   N.   Y.   1843.  Sold  '47 


,000. 
3,000. 
6  000. 
000. 
0,000 
5,000. 
5  000. 
6,000. 
1.000. 
2  000. 
,000. 


Bought  1843. 


Sid  4  00  oil  Rio  Janeiro. 


Bou.ght  1843. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 
Greenport. 


25,000  '^36.000. 
11,000  '^24,000. 


Bark 


286  Tristan    ?00      1.500 


Greenport. 
Greenport. 
1  000.       Put     into     Auckland. 
May  29,   1846.  badly  damaged 
in   a   gale;    condemned;   cargo 
saved. 
13,0O0i$30.000. 


334 


HjyruKY  at  the  tuhn  of  south  am  fton 


Name    of    Vessel 


Captain 


Mana^'inj,'  Owner 
or  Agent 


Date 
Saillnsr — Arrival 


Ale  lope 


Halsey 


Babcock 


Arabella    

Barbara     [Smith   French 


Franklin 

Hamilton 
Hudson    . 


Italy   

Jolin  Wells 


Halsey   .  .  . 

Babcock. . 
Nickerson. 


Weld  .  . 
Hedges 


Lev  ant   •"^^-   Havens    .  . 

Martha    i Drake 


Niantic 

Ximrod 
Noble   .  . 
Ontario 
Ohio    .  .  . 
Oscar   . . 


S.  H.  Slate 


Panama 

Phenix 

Portland    i.Iared  Wade 


Fowler 

Howes 

Greene 

Lowen 

Isaac   Ludlow 


Crowell 


Salem     

S.   Richards    . 
St.  Lawrence 


Sabina 


Thos.  Dlckason 

Timor     

Tuscany    


David  Hand    .  . 
Dering: 
Baker  . 


Vail 


Lowen   . . 
Edwards 
Wliite   .  .  . 


WIscasset 
Lucy  Ann 


Neva    .  . 
Philip  I 


Paine    . 
Brown 


Uoanoke    . . . 
Waslilni,'ton 
Gentleman    . 

1845 


Case 
Case 


Baldwin 
Corwin  . 
Payne  .  . 


American    Wm.  Pierson 


.\nn   Mary  .Ann 


Cadmus   .  . 

Columbia 

Concordia 


I.    Winters 


Drnlel  Webster 

EMz.   Frith    

Gem    

Hamilton    

Hannibal 


Smith 

B.  Pierson 

Loper 


Curry 


John  Bishop 

Worth   .  . 

Babcock 

Canning. 


I  Post  &   Sherry 


N.  &  G.    Howell.  . 
Chas.  T.  Dering   . 

Huntting  Cooper 


Chas.  T.  Dering   

L.  D.  Cook  &  H.  Green. 


David   G.    Floyd 

Thos.   Brown 

Tifl'anv    &    Bennett 

L.  D.  Cook  &  H.  Green.  . 


Chas.  T.  Dering 


S.  &  B.  Huntting  &  Co. 

Post  &   Sherry 

Hunltin.g  Cooper    


July    l'3-July    1,   'IT 

May  28-May  24.  '47 
Aug.  30 

June    5-Apl.     6,   '47 

July  22-June  8,   '45 
July   S-May   22,  '47 


Oct. -May  25,  '47 
July  30-June  7,  '46 
Sep.  19-June  5.  '47 
Sep.    18-Apl.    8.   '47 

June    4-Feb.    1,  '47 

Aug.  31-July  26,  '46 
Sep.  19-Jiine  22.  '46 
Aug.  29-June  9,  '47 
May  2S-Apl.  29,  '48 
Oct.  31-Nov.  13,  '45 


V.   &  G.   Howell 

Cook  &  Green    

S.  &  B.   Huntting  &  Co. 
Mulford   &    Sleight 


Cook  &  Green   . . 
Chas.  T.  Dering 


May  23- 
Oct.  10- 
iJune  1- 
Oct.  14- 
j]May  2- 
July  29- 


Mulford    &    Sleight. 
H.  Cooper  


May  26. 
.June  5, 
June  5, 
Apl.  29, 
July  28. 
■May  20. 


'47 
'47 
•46 
'48 
47 
■48 


June  24-May  24.  '47 


Aug.  12- 
July    1- 


Apl.  14. 
May    1. 


'47 
'46 


S.  &   B.   Huntting  &  Co.  . 
Wiggins.  Parsons  &  Cook 

Ireland  Wells  & 

Carpenter   


Wiggins    &    Parsons. 
Ira  B.  Tuthill    


Sep.  27- 
Nov. 

Sep.     4- 

May  13 

July- 
Aug.  31 
June   4  - 


Feb.  19. 
7-May, 

May    1. 

-Apl.  13, 

July  15, 
-June  4, 
Sep.   25, 


'47 

'47 

'47 

'46 

'45 
'46 
•45 


S.  &   B.   Huntting  &  Co..  Sep.    25 


Mulford  &  Sleight 


Cook  &  Green 
Thos.   Brown    . 


July  21-Apl.  29.  '48 


Sep. 
July 
Aug. 


2-May  12. 
11-June  5. 
24-May  20, 


E/ekiel    Mulford     July   21-Julv   4. 

Post  &   Sherry    Oct.  30-May  20, 

Huntting    Cooper    'Aug.    9-July    8. 

Chas.   T.   Dering Sep.    5-Apl.    29. 

S.    &    B.    Huntting    Co.  .  Oct.    16 


'47 
'48 
'47 

'48 
'48 
'47 
'48 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


335 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Whalins:    Ground    S.  Oil      W.  Oil      Bone 


377|New  Zealand I    175 


367 

268 

391 

322 
368 


N'.  W.  Coast 
Crozettes  . . 


N.  W.  Coast 


Crozettes 
Pacific  . . 


299  N.  W.  Coast 
366 

382; 
3691 


280 
273 
368 
297 
369 


4  6B 
314 
292 
470 
454 


523 

416 

454 
289 


280 
309 

362 

293 

252 
336 

227 


284 


380 

307 

285 
365 

397 
355 
3?0 
322 
311 


Ind.  &  N.  W.  . 
N.  W.  Coast  .  . 
Indian  &  N.  W. 
South  Seas  . . 
Crozettes    .... 


N.  W.  Coast 

South    Seas 
N.  W.  Coast 


South    Seas 


330 


160 
100 


300 
60 
70 

180 


New  Zealand 

120 

Crozettes     

N.  W.  Coast 

It 

160 

120 

40 

New  Zealand 

Crozettes         

•  ■  •  • 

N.  W.  Coast 

80 

New  Zealand 

N.  Z.  &  N.  W 

New  Zealand 

N.  W.  Coast 

'ioo 

300 

70 

300 

140 


220 
25 


125 


150 

200 

25 

200 

100 

400 

55 


2,650 
1,870 


290 
1,830 


2,700 
2,340 
1,830 
2,550 


940 

1,480 

2,260 

1,150 

700 


2.920 
1,800 
1,300 
1,400 
1,800 
4,500 


15, 
16 


OOl 
000 


160      1,640        3,000 


3,800 
2.310 


3,700 
2,400 

2  380 

1,700 

900 

1,675 

450 


1,850 

2.100 

700 


450 
000 
250 
,300 


28, 

20, 
18, 
24, 


300 
OOC 


00(1 
000 

ooc 

001 


2,400     10  OOC 


7, 
6, 
10, 
5, 
5, 


10, 

8, 

12, 

12, 


000 
00(1 

00(: 

000 
600 


00(1 
001 
00( 
OOl 


11, 

60     1,940      18, 


10, 
20, 


000 
001 

000 
000 


34, 

24, 

20 

17, 


000 
OOv 

00 

00( 


7,20( 
15, OOC 


3,100     10.000 


Remarks 


$42,000. 
bone; 
ness. 


Sent    home    7.868    lb. 
sold   out   of   the    busi- 


Sent    home    $5,000    bone.    Con- 
demned   Valparaiso    Jan.,    '46. 


$26,000. 

bone. 
$8,000. 
$25,000. 

Piatt 


Sent    home    11,888    lb. 


Third      Mate      Isaac 

drowned   Feby.   6,    1845. 

Sold   to   Mystic    1848. 
Added  184  4  from  New  York. 
$25,000.     Added  '44,  Newark. 
$27  000.     Added  1844. 
$40,000.         Added       1844       from 

Hudson;   sold   1847. 
$32,000.      Added    1844;    sold    to 

Warren,   18  47. 
$16,000. 

$20,000.     Added  1844. 
$28,000.     Withdrawn  1847. 
$12,000.  Added  '44,  Boston. 
$9,000.     Bought  from  New  York 

18  44;  returned  in  consequence 

of  a  mutiny. 


3,000 

0,000, 
5,000, 
6,000 
5,000 
29,68 
5,000. 
York 
4,000 


Added  '4  4  from  Newark. 
Sold   1847. 

Added  18  4  4;  sent  home 
8   lb.   bone. 
Added  '4  4  from  N.  Y. 
sold  1847. 
Sold  1847. 


Wrecked  at  Island  of  St.  Paul, 
Ind.  Ocean,  1845. 

$51,000.     Withdrawn  1847. 

$33,000.  Added  1844  from  Wil- 
mington.     Greenport. 

$39,000.  Added  1844  from  New 
York.     Greenport. 

$23,000.   Bot.  N.  Y.   1843. 


$11,000.  Greenport. 
$25,000.  Greenport. 
$5,000.      Added    1814 

York.      Owned    in 

folk,   N.   Y. 


from 
New 


New 
Suf- 


8,000 

11.00( 

8,000 


Captain  and  three  men  lost  by 
a  whale  running  over  their 
boat,  June,  1846;  condemned 
at   St.    Thoma«    Aug-.     1848. 

$39,000.  Sent  home  21.381  lb. 
bone. 


Sent  home  7,000  lb.  bone. 
Returned   home  in  consequence 
of   mutiny. 
15,000  $35,000.   Sid  for  Cal.  '48. 
10  000  $25,000. 

12,000i$41,0O0.  Sent  90  sperm  '45. 
12,00o!$18,000. 

....  Condemned  at  Rio  Janeiro  1849; 
sent  home  2,000  whale,  9,360 
lb.   bone. 


xir, 


HISTORY    OF   THE    TOfVN   Oh   SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


Captain 


Henry 


Urown 


Henry   Lee 
Huron    .  . .  . 


|B.  C.  Payne   

■ Woodruff. 


Hlinols  . 
Jefferson 
John  Jay 


Ja^'Kor  .  . 
Smith  .  .  . 
Harwood 


Konohassett 


Laurens 


T.  B.  Worth 


A.  Eldredsre 


Marcus  .  .  .  . 
Neptune  .  .  . 
Ontario  2nd 


Ryder  .  . 
Nicliols 


Oscar 


B.  R.  Green   . 
j 
Green 


Plymouth    IL.   B.   Edwards. 


Romulus   P.  Winters 


Superior 
Tuscany 


Washington 
Payard    .  . . . 
Caroline    .  . . 

Delta    

Nile    


Sarah  &  Esther. 

Roanoke    

Triad    

Gentleman    

1846 


.\nn    

Crescent  . 
Citi'/en  .  .  . 
Fanny  . . . 
Josephine 


Mulford 
Goodale 

Sand ford 

J.  W.  Fordham 
Halsey   . 


D.  Weeks 
Case 


Bennett 
Baldwin 
Horton  . 


A.  G.  Post 


John  Wells 
Nimrod    .  .  . 

Noble 

Portland    .  . 


Romulus     .  . 
Thames  2nd 


Timor 
Wm.  Tell   . 
Philip  1st 


Curry    . . . 
Westfall. 
Lansins:  . 
Edwards 
Hedges  .  . 


^mjth 


French 

Jennings. . . 
Howes  .  . .  . 
Corwin   . .  .  , 

Oartwriffht, 


James  Bishop 


Washlnsrton 
1847 
Arabella    .  .  . 


Edwards 
Glover   . . 
Case   . . . . 


Corwin 


Ludlow 


Manakin.^r  Owner 
or  Afjent 


Date 
Saillnf,' — Arrival 


Aug.  22-May  24.   '47 

June  17-May  24.  '47 
Sep.    15-May    8,  '48 

John  Budd    July   4-July   27.   '47 

T.     Brown     July  I.f;-May2»,   '47 

N.  &  G.   Howell June  13-Mch.  11,  '49 


S.  L'Hommedieu  &  Co.  . 

S.  &  B.   Hunttlns  &  Co. 
Cook  &  Green 


Hunttlng:  Cooper 


Tiffany  &  Halsey 


.NT.  &  G.    Howell. 

S.  &  B.  Hunltins  &  Co.  . 


Dec-.  6 


Aug.  21-Jan.  '48 


July   4-Mav    24. 
July    2,3-July   2. 


Post  &  Slierry    Aug.  13-Apl.  2 


Hunttlng  Cooper 
Cook  &  Green   . . . 


Ezekiel  Mulford 
Post  &   Sherry.  . 
Jolin   Budd    


Hunttlng  Cooper    .  .  . 

H.  &  N.  Corwin    

Wifrgins   &    Parsons. 

H.  &  N.  Corwin 

Ireland,  Wells  & 
Carpenter    


Dec.     9-May    9, 

Dec.    2-Apl.    30. 

Sep.  24-Aug.  18, 
July  9-June  6 
June  18-Apl.  26. 


July  7-May  2  4. 
Dec.  9-Mav  13, 
July  12- July,  26 
Sep-.  9-June  4, 
Oct.    15-June   7. 


'47 
•49 
'48 

•49 

'49 

•40 
•47 
'47 

•47 
'4C 
■4'i 
•48 
•48 


Oct.    15 

Wiggins   &    Parsons |       Sep. -May  21,  ^47 

H.  &  N.  Corwin June    22-Apl.   7.   ^48 

Ira  B.  Tuthill Nov.  13-May  10.  '4S 


Mulford  &  Howell 'Aug.  27-June  10,  '50 

Post  &  Sherry July  2S-June  4,   '49 

Mulford  &  Sleight Sep.    19-Feb.    1.   '49 

-V.   &  G.    Howell iAug.   5-Mch.   10.   '49 

Post  &  Sherrv |Oct.  15-Aug.  28,   '49 


Thos.   Brown    'Aug.  12-.T.ulv  20,  ^49 

Chas.  T.  Dering 

S.  &  B.  Hunttlng  &  Co. 

Ezekiel  Mulford    


rhos.    P.i-own 


Hunttlng   Cooi)er    .  . 

Thos.   Brown    

Ireland.  Wells  & 

Carpenter   

Wiggins  &  Parsons 


Nov.  11-June  30,  ^48 
Aug.  24-.June  10,  ^48 
Aug.    1-July    15,  ^48 

Sep.  29 


Sep.  3 


July  28-July  26,  '49 

Oct.    7-June   21.  '48 

July-May    27.  '48 

Aug.-June  26,  '48 


N.   &  G.    Howell IAug.  10. -July  9.   ^49 


HISTURY  UF  THE  TOH'N  UF  SOUTHAMFTON 


337 


Class 

and 

Whalins    Ground 

S.Oil 

W.Oil 

Bone 

Remarks 

Tonnase 

tt 

333 

N.  W.  Coast 

130 

1,900 

Sent  1,7610  Ib.s  bone  soM 
1847. 

•  < 

409 

II 

35 

2,800 

27,000 

$35,000. 

" 

292 

<l 



2,300 

$29,000.  Sent  home  18.839  lb. 
bone;  witlidrawn. 

•  « 

413 

tt 

200 

2.100 

20,000 

$33,000. 

■  ( 

435  Indian  &  N.  "W 

55 

2  600 

23.000 

$37,000. 

tt 

494 

N.  W.  Coast 

60 

4,300 

13,000 

$65,000.  Sent  home  33.060  lb. 
bone. 

II 

426 

It 

.... 

.... 

Bought  from  Boston  1845; 
wrecked  at  Pell's  Island,  May 
24.    1846. 

Bark 

420 

*i 



1,400 

$17,000.  Bought  from  Kenne- 
bunk    1845. 

" 

283 

Indian  &  N.  W. . .  . 

80 

1,470 

12.000 

Ship 

388 
489 

N.  W.  Coast 

2,700 
3,600 

17,000 
17,000 

Sold   for  California  1849. 

N.  Z.  &  N.  W 

■  '80 

$50,000.      Sent    home    23,196    lb. 

bone. 

II 

369 

N.  W.  Coast 

2,800 

30.000 

$40,000.      Sold    to    Mattapoisett 

1849. 

■  1 

425 

II 



4.800 

13.000 

Bought  from  Boston  1845;  sent 
home  16,000  lb.   bone. 

(( 

233 
275 

So.  Atlantic 

l'i25 

VOO'^- 

Capt.  retd.  sick  1846. 

Bark 

N.  W.  Coast 

'  '75 

$17,000. 

Ship 

299 

i« 

180 

1,300 

13,000 

$23,000.  Sent  home  13.553  lb. 
bone. 

<« 

340 

i< 

200 

1,400 

13.000 

$25,000. 

11 

339 

*c 

2,700 

17,000 

$38,000.     Greenport. 

«l 

252 

«i 

950 

9,000 

$13,000.      Greenport. 

*l 

314 

i* 

"76 

2,380 

15,000 

$35,000.     Greenport. 

If 

403 

II 

170 

2,400 

14,000 

$32,000.  Bou,q:bt  from  New  York 
1845.  Second  Mate  F.  Ack- 
ley  died  -lany.,  1846.  Green- 
port. 

Bark 

157 
252 

So.  Atlantic 

l',566 

1V.666 

Condemned  in  Brazil  1846. 

Bark 

South    Seas    

'166 

$24,000.     Greenport. 

ShiD 

336 

M.  W.  Coast 

180 

1.700 

5,000 

$24,000.      Greenport. 

Bark 

227 

S.  A.  &  Indian 

300 

200 

1,500 

$11,000.      New  Suffolk,   N.  Y. 

Ship 

299 

Coast  of  Chill 

40 

2,300 

7,0  00 

$38,000. 

II 

340 

N.  Z.  &  N.  W 

44 

2,200 

12.000 

tt 

464 

Pacific  &  N.  W.  . . . 

700 

2.900 

18,000 

$61,000.     Sid.  for  Cal.  1849. 

tt 

391 

Chili  &  N.  W 

80 

2,900 

14,00C 

$^0,000.   Sid.   for  Cal.  1849. 

II 

397 

Pacific    

60 

2,400 

$35,000.      Sold    to   New    Bedford 

1849.       Sent    home    16,000    lb. 

bone. 

11 

366  V.   W.    Coast 

l-iO 

2,160 

g.OOC 

$32,000.  Sid.  New  Bedford  '49. 

Bark 

280  Crozetles     

250 

600 

5,000 

$14,000. 

II 

273 

S.   A.  &  Indian.  .  .  . 

300 

900 

8  000 

$20,000. 

Ship 

292 

Chili  &  N.  W 

40 

1,650 

12,00c 

$21  000.  Withdrawn  for  Cali- 
fornif,  18i9. 

tt 

233 

Japan  



Wrecked     and      condemned      at 

Honolulu,     Dec,     1849.       Sent 

home  26.765  lb.  bone. 

tt 

414 

Chili  &  N.  W 

.... 

.... 

About     $27,000.       Capt.     Bishop 

came  home  sick  1848.  Sold  at 

San  Francisco  18  19  with  1,800 

bbls  whale;   sent  home  14  - 

000  lb.  bone. 

tt 

280 

II 

SO 

1,650 

9.000 

ti 

370 

Pacific    

300 
30 

1,300 
1,270 

12.000 
11,000 

$25  000. 

•    tt 

293 

N.  W.  Coast 

$16,000.     Greenport. 

tt 

236 

II 

250 

1,600 

16.000 

$27,000.     Greenport. 

Ship 


367  Pacific 


50 


2,000     10,50olsold  to  New  Bedford  1849. 


338 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHW  OF  SOLTHAMFTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


Captain 


Acasta 


Cadmus 


Conc<irdia 
Franklin    . 


Gem 


Illinois  . 
JefTerson 
Levant  . . 
Marcus  . 
Ontario  . 
Panama  . 

Phenlx    . 

Superior 

Tuscany 


Caroline    . 
Lucy  Ann 


Neva 


Roanoke 
Italy     ... 


1848 


Columbia    . 
Eliz.  Frith 


Henry 
Nimrod 


Noble 


Ontario  2nd 
"U'ashlntrton 
Wm.   Tell    .  . 

T>flta    

Nile    

Philip  1st   .  . 


Washington 


Qentleman 


Smith 


Jaegar  . 
Smith  .  . 
Lowen  . 
Babcock 
Brown  . 
Hallock 


Green 
Royce 


S.  W.  Edwards. 


Babcock 
Brown    .  , 


Case 


Baldwin 
Weld  .  .. 


Sweeney. 

Jonas  Winters    . 


Lowen    .  . 
Huntling- 

Glover   .  . 


Paine 
Drake 


.1     M.  Taher 
n.   Weeks    .  . 


Woodruff. 


Managing  Owner 
or  Af^ent 


Date 

Sail  ins: — .\rrival 


Harlow.  .  .  . 


Hedges    .  . . 

Mercator    Cooper.. 


Worth 


John    Budd     Oct.  14-Aug.  22,  '49 


Mulford  &  Sleight Sep.  30-June  24,   '49 

Thos.   Brown    July   13-July   9,   '49 

Huntting  Cooper    July  21 


"  Oct.  9 

John  Budd   Oct.  29-Mch.  31.    '50 

Thos.  Brown    July  29-May  28.    '50 

Tiffany   &    Halsey 'Oct.  13-Mch.  26,   '51 

N.  &  G.  Howell July  21 

S.  &  B.  Huntting  &  Co.  ..  Oct.    ll-Feb.    5.  '50 

N.  &  G.  Howell Sep.  15-Mch.  25,   '50 

Cook  &  Green    Oct.  22-May  31,   '49 

Post  &   Sherry July   14-May   5.  '49 

John  Budd    Aug.  12-Apl.  28,  '51 


Ireland,  Wells  & 
Carpenter    .... 


Dec.    4-June    4,  '50 
Wiggins.  Parsons  &  Cook;Aug.   21-July  8,  '49 

Aug.   17-May   3.   T.l 


Ireland,   Wells  & 

Carpenter   

Wigirins  &  Parsons Aug.  25-July  12, 

David   G.    Floyd    Aug.    17-Apl.    7. 


•49 
'49 


John  Budd    Oct.  12-May  17.  '51 

Post  &  Sherry July  x3-May  13.    50 

Huntting   Cooper    July  10-Rep.  30.  'Bo 

Chas.  T.   Dering Sep.     5-Sep.     2,  '50 

Sep  12-May  13,  '50 

Tost   &   Sherry    Aug.    7-Apl.    30,  '50 

Huntting  Cooper    June    3. -May    3.  '50 

Thos.    Brown    Sep.    1-Mch.    30,  51 

Ireland,   Wells  &                           Oct. -June    3.  ;51 

Carpenter    .:      Sep.-Mch.    22,  il 

Sep.    1-Mch.    27.  '51 


Wiggins  &  Parsons 


Sep.-May  12,   '51 


Ira   B.  Tuthill    Aug.   8-Nov.   12,   '49 


HISTORY  Of  THE  TO^rN  Of  SOUTHAMfTON 


339 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Bark 
Ship 

(« 

Bark 

Ship 


Bark 

Ship 


Bark 


Ship 
Bark 


Ship 


286 


307 


265 
391 


Indian  Ocean 


Indian    Ocean 


So.  Atlantic 
N.  W.  Coast 


326 

413 
435 
382 
283 
368 
465 

314 

275 

299 
252 
309 

362 

252 
299 


285 
355 


So.  Atlantic  . 
N^.  W.  Coast  . 

(4 

3o.  Atlantic   . 
Indian  Ocean 


X.  W.  Coast 


N.  W.  Coast 


333        " 

280  So.  Atlnatic 


273 


489' V.  W.  Coast  . 
340  Chili  &  N.  W. 
370  y.  W.  Coast  . 

403'|N.'w.'CoasV  '. 
293 


Bark 


230 


227 


155         525 

SO     1.720 
350         600 


60  2.800 
3.200 
3.500 


3,000 
3,800 


80     2.400 
1,700 


50  2,788 
500  800 
120     2.280 


250        350 
200      2.400 


Remarks 


,  .  .      2  237 
95     2.700 


30 
60 

SO 
267 


no 


4,00C 

9,00C 

5,O0C 


14,000 
9.000 
8.000 

lO.OOti 
30,00( 
20  000 


$7,500.  Withdrawn  1850.  Re- 
turned in  consequence  of  the 
illness  of  Capt.  Harlow;  sec- 
ond mate  killed  by  a  whale 
Dec.  1847. 

Sent  home  4.000  lb.  bone.  Con- 
demned at  San  Francisco 
1850. 

Sent  home  39  sperm. 

Lost  on  coast  of  Brazil  June  7. 
1850;  had  3,300  whale;  saved 
about  2,300;  sent  home  60 
sperm. 

Totally  lost  with  her  cargo 
near  Suwarrow  Island  Dec, 
1848;  had  170  sperm,  2.800 
whale.    27.000    bone. 

Sent  home  13  562  lb.  bone;  sold 
to  New  Bedford  1850. 

$56,000.  Sent  home  25,193  lb. 
bone. 

$58,000.  Sent  home  7,500  lb. 
bone. 

Condemned  at  Honolulu  Nov., 
1850. 

$48,000.  Sold  to  New  Bedford 
1850. 

Withdrawn  1850;  condemned  at 
Valparaiso  1851 


17,400 

6,000 

22.00C 


88     2,783     25,70( 


190        210 
120     1.050 


3,00r. 
30.00( 


14,50(. 
35,00( 

3.000f 
3,00( 


$36  000. 
$26,000. 

hone. 
$45,000. 

21,750 


Sold    to    Boston    18^9. 
Sent    home    22.936    lb. 


40      1.245        6,00C 


Sent  home  96  sperm, 
lb.  bone;  Capt.  Ed- 
wards died  Oct.  29,  1849. 

$32,000.  Geo.  Babcock,  first 
male,  died  Sep.  18,  1849. 
Greenport. 

$35,000.  Sent  home  20.290  lb. 
bone;  sailed  18  4  9  and  was 
condemned  at  Rio  Janeiro 
1850.     Greenport. 

$50  000.      Sent    home    32    sperm, 

12,000  lb.  bone.     Greenport. 

$12,000.      Greenport. 

Sent  home  53  sperm.  Greenport. 


$60,000.     Sent  home  160  sperm; 

withdrawn  1850. 
Sold   for  California   1850. 
$36,000.     Sent  home  100  sperm, 

5.000   lb.  bone. 


2,700 

2,0:  0 
2,720 
1,.'^34 
3.000 
2,200 


17      1.636 


300 


300 


30. 00*^ 

20.00^. 

25.00r 

5.800 

2'2',66f 

22,000 

2. 500 


$23,000 

bone. 
$47,000. 
$38,000. 
$50,000. 
$31,000. 
$48,000. 
$42,000. 

bone. 
$27,000. 

bone. 

1851. 
$13,000. 

folk. 


Sent    home    5,000    lb. 


Greenport. 
Greenport. 

Sent    home    22  656    lb. 
Greenport. 

Sent    home    3.000    lb. 

Sold    to    Sag    Harbor 
Greenport. 

Owned    in    New    Suf- 
N.  Y. 


340 


HISTORY   OF  THE    TOtf'N   OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 


Name    of    Vessel 

1849 

Concordia  

Timor    

Bayard    

Italy  

1850 
Ann 


Captain 


Managing:  Owner 
or  Afrent 


Date 

Sailing: — -Arrival 


1 


French Tiios.   Brown    ' Oct.    12-June    4,  '54 

Baker Huntting  Cooper    Oct.   12-Oct.   11,  '52 

Graham Ireland.  Wells  &  Aug.  21-Apl.  20,  '53 

Carpenter    

Weld    David  G.  Floyd Au&.-May    14.  '51 


r.    Sleen    Thos.  Brown   Oct.     9-Apl.     7,  '53 


Charlotte    .Jonas   Winters    .. 

Jefferson .James  Hunltins  . 


Odd   Fellow 


Hedges 


Ontario  2nd    Geo.  R.  Brown 


\Vm.  R.  Post -July  25-May  28,    '52 

Thos.   Brown   JN'ov.  17-Mch.  2  4.  '53 


W.   R.   Post    . 
Thos.  Brown 


.July  26-June  2,  '52 
Sep.  4 


Washington 


Hose Huntting  Cooper 


Sep.  4 

Aug:.    7-July    9.  '52 


Caroline    Hedges  Babcock...  Ireland,   Wells  & 

I  Carpenter     

Pioneer    | Weeks    David  G.  Floyd Jan.    19-Sep.    9,  '51 

Roanoke    Hand    Parsons  &  Brown June    4-Apl.    5,  '53 


Gentleman    . 
1851 


Cartwright. 


Ira  B.  Tuthill 


June-May  20,  '52 


Black  Eagle Jeremiah    Ludlow.  Thos.  Brown    July    24-Apl.    5,  '54 

Columbia    i Hallock    .  .  .  John   Budd    .Aug    2  -Apl    27    '55 

Emerald    i Jagger "  ,Aug.  19-May  12.  '55 


Levant     

Mary  Gardner 


Nlmrod    

Noble 

Tuscany    .  .  .  . 
"W'asliington    . 
William  Tell 
Delta    


Italy 
Neva 
Nile 


|Mercator    Cooper ..  Huntting  Cooper    Aug.  7 

David   Smith    |Gilbert  H.  Cooper July    24-Oct.    7.  '52 

T 


•1. 


Green Chas.    T.    Dering tJuly   7-\ug 

«''',''"''   •■••,.         ''      ^  -Tune    5-Aug. 

Halsey   ....  John  Budd Oct.    1-Apl. 

1-  d wards    .  .|Thos.   Brown .  .  .  Oct.  14-Mav 

Taber "  |Sep    20-Api 

Weeks    ....'Ireland.   Wells  &  Aug    1 

'     Carpenter    


—  Rowley    ...  David    G.    Floyd Aug.    2-May 

—  Case Ireland.   Wells  &  JQct     1-June 

Carpenter    

—  Conklin    ...  «  Sep.    1-Apl. 


10,  '53 

6,  '53 

22,  '54 

28,  '53 

22,  '54 


10.  '54 
12,  '54 
19.  '55 


Pioneer    .  . 
Philip  1st 


1852 


Charlotte    . 
Gentleman 


Baldwin   .  .  .  p.  G.  Floyd    Oct.   31-May  15,  '55 

Sisson    Ireland   Wells  &  July    14-Apl.    6,   '54 

Cari)enter    ; 

Hal.sey         .William  R.   Post .luly  21-June  21, '54 

Cartwright.. Gilbert    H.   Cooper    Aug.  30-Apl.  2  4, '56 


Mary  Gardner  .... 


Lowen 


Nov.  27-May  15.  '56 


HISTORY  Uf  THE  TU^N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


341 


Class  and 
Tonnase 


Bark 


Bark 
Ship 

4t 
«* 

Bark 

Ship 
Bark 
Ship 
Bark 

Ship 

H 

Bark 


Brisr 
Bark 


Whaling-    Ground    S.Oil      W.Oil 


Bon< 


Remarks 


265  So.  Atlantic 


No.  Pacific    . 

Pacific    

N.  W.  Coast 

No.  Pacific    . 

So.    Pacific    . 
A.rctic    


So.  Atlantic 
No.  Pacific   . 


So.  Atlantic 


280 
339 
299 

299 

230 
435 

239 

489 

340 

252 

235 
252 

227 

311 

285 
518 

382 

316 

280 
273 
29f 
236 
370 
314 

299 
362 
403 


235  So.  Atlantic 
29S  Arctic     


.Arctic    .... 
No.    Pacific 


5o.  Atlantic 

II 

Xo.  Pacific   . 
it 

ft 
Arctic     


230 
227 


316 


So.  Atlantic 
No.  Pacific   . 


32 


920 
290 


25 

690 
291 


129 


691       

125  1,475  15,00C 

1,604  20,80C 

2,577  38.100 


739        7,50C 


307  2       

24     2.872     39,00( 
401         320        1,90C 


75 
60 


550 


224  1,080   7,500 
1,385  10.500 


718 


,  ..   1,409 
55   2,471 


14,0  Of 

14,30(J 


300 

290 

600 

1,600 

1,787 

1,241 


1,200 

3  500 

12,000 

21  40G 


25  2,600 
46  2,351 
16  2,305 


250    C50 
2.231 


12,000 
13,500 
14.500 

3,50t 


Sent  home  50  sperm,  577  whale. 

5,350  lb.  bone. 
Sent  home  90   sperm,   11,994  lb. 

bone. 
$50,000.     Sent  home   450  whale, 

20,719  lb.  bone. 
Added  1848. 


$19,000.      Sent  home  150  whale; 

bought     in   1850  by  T.   Brosvn 

and   bark  rigged. 
Added     1850.       Sent    home     316 

sperm. 
$82,000.     Sent  home  600  whale, 

18,000   lb.   bone. 
\dded  1850. 

Capt.  Brown  killed  while  "cut- 
ting in,"   1853.  Sent  home  230 

whale. 
Lost  on  Pitt's  Island  1851;  sent 

'home  10,000  lb.  bone. 
$35,000.      Greenporl. 
Added  1849.     Greenport. 

$33,000.  Sent  home  40  sperm, 
100   whale.      Greenport. 

Owned  in  New  Suffolk.  N.  Y. 
Sold   to   Sag   Harbor,   1852. 


Built      1851.        Sent      home      85 

whale,  20,098  lb.  bone. 
Sent  home  7,885  lb.  bone. 
Added    1851;    built    1835;    was   a 

Havre   packet   15   years;   sent 

home  35,720  lb.  bone. 
Sent  home  12.560  lb.  bone. 

1855. 
Bit.  1851.  Capt.  died  Aug.,  1852. 

Ship  returned. 
$33,000.  Sent  home  40  sperm. 
$23,000. 
$46,000. 
$43,000. 
i|;2K,000. 
Sent  home  585  whale.  20.218  lb. 

bone.      Sold    to    New    London 

1856.      Greenport. 
Sent     home      12,600     lb.      bone. 

Greenport. 
$65,000.      Sent   home   365   whale, 

18.750  bone.   Greenport. 
$83,000.      Sent   home   300   sperm 

and    29.592   lb.    bone.      Broken 

up    1857.      Greenport. 
Greenport. 
$48,000.      Greenport. 


Lost 


Sent   home  920   whale. 
Bot  Greenport  '51. 


134         201       

39         134        3.000 


1.207      18.60f 


Capt.   Halsev  left  in   1853   .sick. 
$10,000.     Added   1852   from  New 

Suffolk;       withdrawn        1E56. 

Sent   home   7,000    lb.    bone. 
Sent  home  2  47  whale.  12.7  40  lb. 

bone. 


342 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOff'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    of    Vessel 


Odd   Fellow 
Caroline    .  .  . 
Pioneer    . . . . 


1853 


Ann  .  .  .  . 
Jefferson 
Noble  .  .  . 
N  i  m  rod  . 
F'arana  . 
Timor    .  . 


Washington 
Bayard     .  . . . 


Oretron 


18B4 

Odd   Fellow    , 
Black    EaKle 


Montauk 


Parana    

Tuscany  .  .  .  . 
William  Tell 
Caroline  .  .  .  . 
Italy  


Neva  . . .  . 
OreK-on  .  .  . 
Philip  1st 


Roanoke    . .  , 
1866 
A  nn     


Concordia 
Kmerald    . 


Noble 

^\'ashlnRton 
Kanawha    . . 


Captain 


Youns 

J.  M.  Case  .  . .  . 
11.  A.  Babcock 


Hedges  . . 
Huntting 
Nlcoll  .  . . 
Green  . . . 


Kdw.   Smith    .  . 
Rogers 


Tery 


Goodale   . 
Edwards. 


Smith  French. 


Smith 

White 

•  Smith 

J.  M.  Case  .  . . 
Weld  . 


Hand    .  . . 

Babcock. 

Sisson  


Wade 


\VR 


Mana,i;in,i^  Owner 
or  As-ent 


Date 
Sailing,' — Arri\al 


Brown   ... 
Graham.  . . 


Thos.   Brown    Aug.  2-Mch.  16.  "} 

Wells  &  Carpenter Aug.   19-Aug.  5, 

D.    G.    Floyd Oct.    15-Sep.    3,    o- 


Thos.  Brown   July   15-.Tuly  1, 

Oct.  26-Mch.  19.  '57 

Chas.  T.   Bering .Vov.    15-Sep.    2.  '55 

Nov.    26-.NOV.   3,   '55 

Thos.  Brown    Ji;ne  16-June  15,  '54 

Huntting  Cooper    June  7-May  24,   '56 


I 


Wells  &  Carpenter 


Sep.    2-May    23,   '55 
Aug.   11 


June  2-Auf'.  19, 


Hamilton  . 

McCorkle  . 
llallock    . 

Jennings 

Babcock  . 

Terry   . . , 


Thos.   Brown    July-May    29.  "1.6 

Thos.   Brown    Nov.   4-Aug.   16,  '58 


John  Budd    Sep.    5-June   26.  '59 


Thos.   Brown    lAug.  12-Mch.  24, '56 

John  Budd    Sep.    20 

Thos.   Brown    Aug.    24-May   6.   '57 

Wells  &  Carpenter Dec.    6-Apl.    19,  '5/ 

David   G.   Floyd [Sep.  26 


Wells  &  Carpenter. 


Aug.  30-Mch.  18,  '57 
Nov.  1-July  15,  '56 
July    17-Apl.   24   '58 


"  Oct.  10-Moh.  18,   '57 

Thos.  Brown    Dec.   7 

Oct.   25-Oct.    10.   '58 
John  Budd   Oct.    26-May    9,   '59 

Gilbert  H.  Cooper    Nov.    9-July    9.  "57 

Thos.  Brown    Aug.    5-Dec.     4.  '58 

Wells  &  Carpenter Nov.   6-May   27.  '67 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


343 


Class 

and 

Tonnase 

,^;ark 

239 

i^alp 

252 

*;  rig- 

235 

Hark 

29P 

Ship 

435 

Bark 

273 

" 

2S0 

Brier 

209 

Ship 

280 

Whalinar    Ground    S.Oil      W.Oil        Bont' 


Bark 


Bark 
Bark 


Ship 


Briar 

Ship 

Bark 
Ship 


Bark 


Ship 
Bark 


340 

339 
224 


239 
311 


5i: 


So.  Atlantic 


■io.  Atlantic 
so.   Faciric    . 
5o.   Atlantic 

Vo.  Pacific    . 


.Arctic    

3o.  Atlantic 


>o.  Atlantic 
Vrctic    


Vo.  Pacific 


209  "atag-onia   .  . 

?99    Vrctic    

370    Jo.   Pacific   . 
252    ^o.  Atlantic 
299  Arctic     


362 

224 
293 


252 


Vo.  Pacific    . 
So.  Atlantic 
N'o.  Pacific   . 


So.  Atlantic 


299, Indian  Ocean 


265 
518 

273 

236 

269 


So.  Atlantic 
.Vo.   Pacific    . 

.So.  Atlantic 


Atlantic  &  Ind. 


302 


222 


79 


ISO 
104 


525 


488 


38 


950 

279 

35 


796 


630 


359 

1,466 
318 


2,505 

lUO 

1.225 


351 


Remark:) 


137 

1.190 

9,200 

700 

300 

150 

.... 

193 

105 
3  400 

240 

703 

4,000 

22 

840 

4,200 

29 

662 

1,200 

324 

1.541 

9,600 

519      ll,50f 


276        1.300 


1,030 
570 

250 

780 

890 


90C 


IOC 


14,000 
2  50C 


jrenport. 

Sold     to     New     Bedford 
Greenport. 


1855. 


1,900 


n  1.000. 

p83,000.      Sent   1,617    lb.    bone. 

;30,(J00. 

jl7,000.     Sold  1855. 

Sought   1853.      $28,000. 

Sent  home  50  sperm,  800  whale, 
10,222   lb.   bone. 

Sent  home  5  371  lb.  bone;  with- 
drawn  1855. 

Sent  home  155  sperm,  608 
whale,  9,200  lb.  bone.  $25,000. 
Greenport. 

Added  1853  built  at  Hallowell, 
Me.,  1848.  Sailed  Capt.  Bab- 
cock,  who  came  home  sick. 
1853.      Greenport. 


Built  1851.  Sent  home  75  sperm, 
87  2  whale,  1  360  lb.  bone.  Sold 
to   New    Bedford,    1859. 

$39,000.  Sold  to  Boston,  1860; 
sent  home  70  sperm,  700 
whale,   11,604   lb.  bone. 

M5,000. 

Withdrawn  1855. 

$85,000.  Sent       home       1,490 

Sent  home  135  sperm,  3,072 
whale,  23.800  lb.  bone;  con- 
demned at  Honolulu  .Tany., 
1857;  fitted  from  Honolulu; 
condemned  again  Dec,  1858. 
Greenport. 

Withdrawn   1859.      Grenport. 

Greenport. 

f62,000.  Builth  at  Rochester, 
Mass..  1S25:  new  topped  1853; 
picked  up  a  dismasted  .Jap- 
anese junk  with  27  people  on 
beard;  carried  lir  into  Loo 
Choo;  sold  to  New  London 
1858;  sent  home  1  453  whale, 
21,337   lb.  bone.     Greenport. 

$27,000. 


6.400 


Sent  home  280  sperm,  720 
whale,  6,000  lb.  bone;  con- 
demned at  St.  Helena  Feb. 
25,    1858.      $34,000. 

412 


Sent      home      112      sperm, 
whale,   8  100   bone. 
1.200  $42,000.      One    of    "Stone   fleet," 

!      Xo.  2  sunk  1862. 
1,000  $43  000.    Sent    home    160    sperm, 
4  66    whale      13.0  00    bone. 
$16  000.  Bousht  from  Now  York 
1855;    built    1847;    sold    I860. 
Greenport's        last        whaler. 


90C 


344 


HISTORY    OF    THE    TOIVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    of    \'cs.sel 

Capluin 

.Maiiaxin^^^  Owner 
or  Asent 

Date 
Sailinff — Arrival 

Hamilton  . 

. :  David  G.  Floyd 

.  .  Dec.  29-May  18.   '59 

1856 


Columbia     , 

Mary  Gardner  .  . . , 

Nimrod    

Odd    Fellow    

Parana 


Susan     iKdwin  Smith 

S.   S.   Learned i.T.  M.  Taber   . 


White John  Budd    Apl.  25-May  31,   '58 

N'icoll \V.  &  H.  G.  Cooper July  IT-Majl  31,  »59 

Green ;  "  .li-ne   9-Sep.    17.  '58 

Goodale   ....Thos.  Brown   Auf,'.   13-.Iuly  6.  "58 

Royce !  "  June    9-Sep.    8,  '57 


Timor 


White 


J.  E.  &  E.  Smith July  2S-June  1.  '57 

H.  &  S.  French June   24-Apl.   8,  '58 


Iluntling  Cooper   [Aug:.   13-May   4,  '59 


W.  F.   Saftord 
Oreson     


Royce Thos.  Brown   .May  5 

Case Wells  &  Carpenter |Sep.     4-May     7,  '59 


1857 
AuKusta    James  M.  Tabor.  . .  W.  &  G.  H.  Cooper Tuly  24-Jan.  19.  '61 


Excel    .  . . 
Jefferson 


Noble  . 
Parana 


Winters  ...  Wade  &   Brown (July  27-May  28.  '59 

Hunttins  .-.]  "  I  Sep.    9-Apl.    15,   '61 

Jennins-s  . .  W.  &  G.  H.  Cooper .Vov.  3-June  26,  '59 

Royce Wade  &  Brown Nov.    2-Sep.    20.   '59 

Susan I Smith iJ.  E.  &  E.  Smith Dec.  12-Feb.  25,  '60 

Union I  Jeremiah  Hedges ..  Wade  &  Brown 1  Sep.     9-May     8.   '61 


llY.U 


William  Tell    James  Austin 


Sep.9 


Caroline 


Pontus 


Wells  &  Carpenter July  15 


Kanawha    Hedges  Babcock. 


Aug'.-Epringr,  '60 


Roanoke    . . . 
1858 
Nimrod    . . . . 


Wade Wells  &  Carpenter June  12-Feb.  25,  '60 


Odd  Fellow  .  . . 
S.   S.   Learned 

1859 

Columbia    .  .  .  . 
Concordia   .  .  . . 

Excel    

Mary  Gardner 


..o: 


Green 


W.  &  G.  H.  Cooper IDec.  1 


Rose !  Wade  &  Brown Sep.    29-Mch.   6,  '61 

Goodbee  . .  .jH.  &  S.  French [June  7-Nov.  21,  '58 


MoOorkle..  John    Budd     Ausr.    1-Apl.    16,    '62 

Hamilton       jWade   &    Brown    IMav    23-May    8,   '62 

Loper !  "  'July    l-May    26.   '61' 

Jenninps   .  .  W.  &  G.  H.  Cooper Oct.  31-June  20.    '61 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


345 


Class  and 
Tonnage 


Whaling-    Ground 


Bark 


298  Atlantic 


285  Pacific    

316  Atlantic  &  Ind. 
280  S.  A.  &  Indian.  . 
239  So.  Atlantic    .  .  . 


209 
134 
116 


280 


Straits  of  Lutka 
Falk.  Islands  .  . 
Strs.   Belleisle    .  . 


Pacific 


174  Spitzberg-en 
224  Atlantic  ... 


390  Pacific 


375  So.  Atlantic 

435  No.  Pacific    

1 

273IS.   A.  &  Indian. 


209 
IS-) 
300 


Str.  of  Lutka. 
Falklands    .  . 
So.  Atlantic 


No.  Pacific 
No.   Pac.    .  . 


370 
252 
269 

252Jlndian  &  Pac. 

280|Atl.  &  Indian 

239  " 

116  No.  Atlantic  . 


285  So.  Atlantic    .  . 

265  Atlantic     

375  Coast  of  Pata 
316  Atlantic 


S.  Oil      W.Oil        Bone 


128      2,000      11.000 


143 
510 
316 
253 

'375 


257 


30 


159 


582 
60 

65 


960 

51 
162 
211 

450 

'36 

400 


591 


286 


5.700 

V,66ij 

600 

4,900 

'"ioo 

4,000 


250 


700 


Remarks 


1.420  10.000 

720  .5.00' 

537  4,00<. 

285       

460  3,000 


185 


316 

350 
12 


712 

109 

68 

845 


1.000 
375 

162 

600 
291 


131 
938 
940 
459 


1,000 


$65,000.  Second  mate  killed  by 
natives  of  Easter  Island, 
1856;  added  1855  from  Ston- 
ington;  sold  1859;  sent  home 
742  whale,  6,700  bone.  Green- 
port. 


Sent  home  100  sperm. 
Sent  home  320  sperm. 
$15,000.  Condm'd  Sydney  ab. '60. 

$28,000.     Sent  home  380  sperm. 

$15,000.     Bought  from  Harwich 

$1,000.  Added  1856;  chartered 
by  United  States  government 
for  lighthouse  service  1857. 

Sent  home  142  sperm.  628 
whale,  8.022  bone;  one  of 
"stone     fleet''    No.    1, 

Added  '56.  Withdrawn  '60. 
Sold  to  Fairhaven  for  West  In- 
dia    trade     1859.       Owned    in 


ForTnerly  a  brig  packet  between 
Savannah  and  New  York; 
added   and   altered    1857;   sent 

home  282  whale,  1,011  bone; 
sold    to   Greenport    1861. 

Formerly  brig;  added  and  al- 
tered  1857. 

Sent  home  79  sperm,  1.361 
whale,  12.922  beno;  broken  up 
1861. 

$35,000. 

$28,000.  Sent  home  200  whale, 
600  bone. 

$15,000.  Sent  home  300  whale, 
3,400   bone. 

Bought  from  New  York  1857; 
built  18)9;  sent  home  44 
snerm,   629  whale    3,900  bone. 

Sent  home  126  whale.  1.800 
bone.  $4,000.  Lost  on  East 
Cape  July    14,    1859. 

Sent  home  600  whale,  5,890 
bone;  condemned  at  Honolulu 
Sep.    11,    1859.      Greenport. 

Capt.  Babcock,  owing  to  illness 
resigned  command  to  Mate 
Fdw.    Falsev.      GreenDort. 

$1'000  Sold  'to  Boston  1860. 
Greenport. 


Condemned  at   Sydney  Nov.   25. 
1860;   oil  sold.     $15,000. 

Returned    1858. 


Sent   930   bone.      Sold   N.   Y.   '62. 

l.OOOSent  home  2,400   bone. 

3.500 

3. 000, Was  chased  two  hours  off  Ber- 
muda by  rebel  privateer  on 
passage  home.      Added    1859. 


340 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHN  OF  SOUTHAMFTOS 


Name    of    Vessel 


Susan  

Washington 


1860 


Parana 


Susan 


1861 


Excel 


John  A.  Robb 

Myra    

Odd  Fellow  . . 

Union     

Susan  


1863 
John  A.  Robb. 


Myra 


1864 


Balaena 


Concordia 
Ocean     .  . . 
Pacific   . . . 


Union 


1865 
Odd  Fellow 


I'aclflc 


1866 

Concordia  ^ . . . 
John  A.  Robb 

Myra    

Ocean  


Captain 


Managins  Owner 
or  Asent 


Dale 
Saillns: — Arrival 


Myra    

Noble 

S.  S.   Learned    . . . . 


Havens  .  . 
Fowler  .  . 
Eldrldge 


King 

Babcock. 


Green 


King- 


Rose 


A.  J.  Jennings  . 
Jacob  Havens  . 
Weld  .  . . 

Ludlow 

King  .  . . 


Greene 


Babcock  .  , 


Jennings 


Rogers 

Davis  C.  Osborn  . 

f  Plerson   . 

(  Huntting 


Hedges 


Weld 


French 


Skinner 
Green   .  . 
Babcock 
Weed    . . 


W.  &  G.  H.  Cooper June  20-Oct.  16,  '60 

Sei).    1-Aug.   19.  '61 
H.  &  S.  French Apl.  20 

"  May  23 

Wade  &  Brown May    2-May    6.  '62 


H.  &  S.  French May   16-July   2.  '62 


May     7-Aug.    7,   '61 


O.  R.  Wade   July  22 

H.  &  S.  French Oct.  1.5-Apl.  27,  '63 

W.  &  G.   H.  Cooper June  14-Apl.  20.  '63 

Wade  &  Brown Aug.  23-Mch.  13.  '64 

O.   R.  Wade    Nov.  15-June  4,  '64 

H.  &  S.  French iOct.  14-July  13.    '63 


H.  &  S.  French Aug.     3-Apl.    8.  '66 


.Oct.    5-Apl.    18.  '66 


H.  &  S.   French May  20-May  25.  '67 


O.  R.  Wade    June    3-Oct.    7.  '65 

Davis   C.    Osborn May   29-Apl.    16,   66 

H.  &  S.  French July  26-Nov.  11,  '64 

Nov.  28 

O.  R.  Wade Aug.  22-Aug.  10.  '67 


O.  R.  Wade -Tuly  7-June  13,  "68 


H.   &  S.   French Aug.  14 


O.    R.    Wade    . . . 
H.   &  S.   French. 


.  May  11-Sep.  13,  '67 
.July   24 

.May  28-Dec.  30.  '67 

;Aug.  9 


I 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


347 


BriK  150  So.  Atlantic '    220 

BarU  27S         "  468 

Ship  116 


Bark 


Bark 

It 

Bri? 
Bark 


13  r!A.tlantlc 

236ioo.  Atlantic 


209 


Atlamtic 


1341 


273 
150 
239 
300 
134 


Atl.  &  India 


Atlantic  .  .  .  . 
So.  Atlantic  . 
Atl.  &  Indian 
Atl.  &  Indian 
Atlantic    . . . . 


273  So.  Atlantic 


150 


301 

314 

300 


Atlantic 


Hudson's  Bay 

Facitic    

So.  Atlantic   .  . 
Atlantic     


So.  Atlantic 


239  Atlantic 


314 


217 
244 
116 
239 


Pacific 


552 


110 


341 


400 
240 

555 
558 
150 


210 


350 


185 
20 


500 


315 


51 


605 


500 


4.00(. 


176 


700        3.00( 


335 
170 
150 


2,60( 
1,10( 


165       2,50( 


310       1.50( 


600        1,400 


70 
30 


300 


Hudson's  Bay 
So.  Atlantic    .  . 

Atlantic     

So.  Atlantic   .  . 


440 


Added  1859. 
$19,000. 

Sent      home      60      sperm;      con- 
demned St.  Catherine's  '63. 

Sold  in  New  York  1862.  $38,000. 


$30,000.     Sent  home  295  sperm. 
200    whale.    1,800    bone;    altered 
to  a  bark  1862. 

Another  account  says:  "Sold 
100  whale;  returned  with  3U 
sperm  and  300  humpback, 
worth  in  all  $20,000. 


Sent     home     147     sperm;     con- 
demned 1863. 
$4,000.    Bot.   Fairhaven  '61. 
Added  1861. 


$12,000   (probably  sent  some  oil 
home).     Sid.  N.  Y.  '63. 


$52,000.  Shipped  230  sperm, 
470  whale  to  Liverpool  from 
Port  Stanley;  sent  home  3.100 
bone. 

Sent  home  70  sperm.  192 
whale. 

$58  000.  Bought  from  New  Bed- 
ford 1863.  Sent  home  122 
sperm,  183  whale,  and  3,6U0 
bone. 

$14,000.   Bot.    Sandwich   '64. 
Bought    from     New     Bedford 
1S64.      Capt.    Pierson    died   at 

Pernambuco    Oct.,    1864. 

Sent  home  275  sperm;  with- 
drawn  for   freightins   1868. 


James  M.  Ward,  first  mate, 
died  at  Fayal  Sept.  1.  186 1; 
sent  home  70  sperm,  457 
whale,  2.700  bone.  Sold  to 
New    London    1869. 

Lost  at  Behring's  Island  July 
30  1866;  third  male  and  five 
men  arived  at  Hakodadi  after 
being  two  months  in  an  open 
boat. 

'^'^'^^  Sold  at  St.  Helena  March.  1868. 

Sent   home    SO    sperm.    Lost     6i. 

Lost  1867. 


90 


348  HISTORY    OF  THE    TOfVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


Name    of    Vessel  Captain 


Managinjj  Owner  Date 

or  Asrent  Sailinjj — Arri\al 


1867                 I                                          I  ' 

nalnena — Jenning-s.  .  .  H.   &   S.   French Oct.   13-Oct.   21.   '70 

Highland  Mary  ...  Smith   French    "  I  July  3 


1868 

Concordia   Dunbar O.   R.  Wade   Apl.    20-Oct.    7,  '69 

I 
Myra    Babcock  .  .  .IH.  &  S.  French   Aug.  24-Apl.  25.  '71 

1871 

Myra    , Babcock  .  . .  H.   &   S.   French Tuly  17 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfTN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


349 


Class  and 
Tonnag:e 


Whalinsr    Ground    IS.Oil      W.Oil        Bone 


Remarks 


Bark  215  Indian  Ocean 


50 


209 


Bark 
Brig- 
Brig 


217 
116 


A.tlantic 


Cum.  Inlet 
Pacific    .  . . . 


116  Atlantic 


116 
235 


200 
310 


2,930 


Joseph  Menday  third  mate,  and 
three  men  drowned  at  Tris- 
tand  acunha,  Nov.,  1S68;  sunt 
home  550  sperm;  sold  to  New 
Bedford  1871. 

$24,000.  Formerly  named  Mi- 
chael, under  Portuguese  flag; 
then  Parana,  sailing  from  Sag 
Harbor;  then  was  an  English 
brig;  added  again  to  Sag  Har- 
bor 1866;  crew  except  second 
and  third  mate  and  one  boat- 
steerer,  deserted  at  St.  Cath- 
erine's 1868;  condemned  at 
Panama;  re-fltted  and  named 
Sallie  French  1868;  sent  home 
180  sperm,  400  whale.  2,200 
lb.  bone. 

Sent   home   121    sperm;    sold   to 

New  London  1870. 
Sent      home     325      sperm.      339 

whale. 


Sent  home  430  sperm,  500  whale 
700  lb.  bone;  condemned  at 
Barbadoes,  Dec.  14.  1874.  Sag 
Harbor's   last   whaler. 


350  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOtVN   OF  SOUTH  AM  HTON 

WHALES  SEEN  OFF  THE  COAST  IN  THE  NEIGHBORHOOD 
OF  SOUTHAMPTON  1669-1912. 

(The  following  are  merely  references  as  I  have  happened  to 
find  them  and  the  table  makes  no  pretences  to  being  complete.) 
1669.     before  April     12  or  13  East  end  of  Long  Island  (2  at  West 

end  at  Governor's  Island) 
1711  20     4  Montauk,  8  Southampton,  2  Moriches  3  Brook- 

haven,  2  Islip,  1   ?     all  small. 

1721  Feb.   24         "they  talk  of  40.  whales  being  taken  on   Long 

Island" 

1722  Mar.  12         "But  4  whales  killed  on  L.  I.  this  year.'.' 
1741     Feb.     8     6  on  the  East  End. 

1837  3  Off  Amagansett. 

1840-5  5  Right  whales  killed  at  one  time. 

1841     June    1         "A  whale  was  seen  in  Gardiner's  Bay  today." 

"        July  28  1  "A  whale  was  killed  off  Amagansett  day  before 

yesterday." 

1847.    Jan.  22  1  "Killed  a  whale  off  Amagansett  yesterday." 

Mar.  25  1  "Killed  a  whale  off  Wainscott  today." 

"        April  13  1  Killed  a  whale  today —  East  Hampton? 

"        April  14  2  1  at  Bridgehampton  &  1  at  Southampton. 

1848     Mar.    2  1  Off  Amagansett. 

1858  Feb.  1  Right  whale  killed  off  Southampton. 

1859  Oct.  27         School— Gardiner's  Bay. 
1862     May  12  1  Killed  off  Bridgehampton. 
1864         —  3  Off  Southampton.     1  killed. 

1866  April  30         Several.    R'ght  and  humpbacked.. 
June  18     1  Gardiner's  Bay. 

1867  Jan.    17         "Quite  a  number."    Amagansett  and  Wainscott. 
1874     Mar.     7         Several.     Amagansett,  East  Hampton,  Montauk. 
1876     Jan.    13     2  Off  Southampton—  1  killed— small. 

1876     May     5     2  Cow  and  calf.    Amagansett — Killed. 

1879  Dec.     4     1  Came  ashore  dead  off  Shinnecock  Pt.,  84  ft.  long 

&  long  dead. 

1880  Mar.     4     1  Off  Amagansett. 

1882     Jan.    30  1  Chased  off  Southampton. 

"        Mar.     9  1  "lately  caught"  at  Southampton. 

June     1  3  Off  Wainscot. 

"        Dec.  30  2  Cow  and  calf  off  Bridgehampton. 

Dec.  31  2  large  Right  Whale  off  Southampton. 

1884  Jan.  26  1  Seen  off  Amagansett. 

1885  Jan.  22  5  in  past  few  weeks:  2  Amagansett,   (one  63  ft.) 


« 

Dec.  17 

1886 

Jan.  14 

« 

"       28 

"    Mch  26-28 

1887 

Feb.  25 

(( 

Mar.     1 

<< 

Mar.     9 

« 

April  21 

1888 

Jan.    19 

1890 

Nov.  26 

1894 

April  12 

« 

June  14 

1911 

April 

HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  351 

1   Bridgehampton,   1   Southampton,  killed;   1 

got  away. 
"        Feb.  19     1  Reference  to  "remains  of  the  Amagansett  whale" 

on  the  beach. 

2  Killed  off  Amagansett. 

1  Caught  off  Amagansett. 

Several  seen  by  life  savers. 
1  Seen  off  Amagansett. 
1  Chased  at  Amagansett. 
1  Chased  at  Southampton. 
1  Killed  at  Amagansett. 
1  Off  Amagansett. 

1  Caught  at  Amagansett. 

2  1  Caught  at  Wainscott. 
2  Right  Whales;  1  caught  at  Amagansett. 
1  Right  Whale  off  Amagansett. 
1  Bridgehampton. 

1912     April    6         "Whales"  off  Southampton. 


APPENDIX   XIX 
LETTERS  OF  MR.  ALBERT  JAGGER 

[For  full  details  of  the  company  owning  the  Sabina 
see  Memorials,  pp.  290--292.] 

x^     1  c      .u  A.I     .•    r^  /    March  29th,  1849. 

i\o.  1.  South  Atlantic  Ocean  ^  ^         ,        .o^rA 

S  Apr.  1st,  1849. 

It  is  now  nearly  two  months  since  I  bade  you  a 
hasty  farewell.  A  letter  although  void  of  any  very  im- 
portant occurrences  may  not  be  altogether  uninterest- 
ing. 

We  did  not  leave  Greenpori  until  late  on  A\  ednes- 
day  the  7th  [Feb.  7th,  1849].  We  sailed  down  into  the 
Bay  &  a  boat  was  sent  to  Shelter  Island  after  Tom 
Ripley,  J.  Sayre's  clerk  at  Sag  Harbor.  .  .  .  The 
crew  got  wet  in  going  ashore  &  the  most  of  them  froze 
their  hands  consequently  did  not  reach  the  ship  until 
about  4  o'clock  next  morning.  Pyrrhus  froze  both 
hands  badly  the  same  night  throwing  the  lead.  The 
wind  was  fair  &  had  it  not  been  the  absence  of  our 
boat  should  have  left  Ripley  ...  &  thus  possibly 
avoided  a  very  severe  gale  which  overtook  us  on  Mon- 


353  HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfTN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

day  night  while  in  the  gulf  &  threatened  the  destruc- 
tion of  our  leaky  Ship  &  it  is  supposed  by  most  on 
board  that  it  was  only  owing  to  the  increase  of  numl)ers 
that  kept  her  from  becoming  watterlogged. 

To  make  it  easy  for  the  crew  watches  b\-  mutual 
consent  had  1)eeii  chosen  from  the  Co.  who  took  their 
turns  in  working  the  ship  &  at  the  pumps  regularly. 
On  the  night  aforesaid  my  watch  closed  at  10,  the  wind 
was  blowing  strong  from  the  S.  E.,  the  sails  were 
closely  reefed.  Al)out  2  the  Capt.  called  for  all  hands 
that  could  do  anything.  One  of  the  pumps  had  choked 
up  with  coal  cK:  had  become  unmanageable — soon  the 
other  failed  from  the  same  cause.  The  water  in  the  hold 
at  this  time  was  from  3  to  4  ft.  All  sails  were  taken  in 
&  the  Ship  hove  round  to  the  wind.  The  larboard 
quarter  boat  was  taken  from  the  cranes  by  a  heavy  sea 
&  several  of  the  upper  spars  were  lost  overboard  & 
the  foresail.  We  looked  upon  our  situation  as  critical. 
The  ship  is  a  good  sailer  &  a  very  good  seaboat  but 
she  was  by  no  means  fit  for  the  sea  when  we  sailed. 
When  the  weather  has  been  rough  we  have  had  to  pump 
from  1200  to  2000  strokes  per  hour  to  keep  her  free. 
Whenever  it  has  been  moderate  enough  to  caulk  stayes 
have  been  rigged  out  &  men  at  work  filling  up  the  seams 
with  oacum  &  whitelead.  Machinery  has  been  fixed  by 
which  the  pumps  are  both  worked  together  by  8  or  10 
men — this  makes  the  labor  much  easier. 

It  is  generally  supposed  that  below  the  copper  the 
Ship  is  tight  for  the  caulking  that  has  already  been  done 
has  made  nearly  the  difference  of  half  in  pumping. 
After  the  gale  had  subsided  the  sails  were  again  put  out 
(this  was  about  4  P.  M.  on  Tuesday)  &  the  ship  headed 
for  the  Cape  de  Verds  for  repairs;  but  on  account  of 
head  winds  she  fell  to  the  leeward  &  could  not  make 
them.  We  are  now  near  St.  Catherine's.  .  .  .  \\'e 
have  seen  a  considerable  many  sails  in  the  distance;  but 
have  spoken  only  two.  One  was  a  French  Ship,  the 
other  was  the  Schooner  John  Allen  from  N.  Bedford  for 
the  "Gold  diggins"  with  25  men  on  board.     .     .     . 

After  we  had  been  out  a  little  more  than  a  month  & 
had  got  into  a  mild  climate  &  some  of  the  worst  leaks 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  353 

stopped  it  was  proposed  that  a  few  men  be  hired  out  of 
the  Co.  &  let  them  assist  the  regular  crew  &  receive 
wages  therefor.  Saml.  Halsey,  Wm.  H.  Post,  Geo. 
Burnet,  &  AVm.  White  were  hired  for  $14  per  month  & 
the  mates  $25  so  that  ive  have  but  a  very  little  to  do  & 
enough  to  help  us. 

There  has  no  serious  accident  happened  to  any  on 
board  except  Dan'l  Howell  who  on  the  5th  of  March 
providentially  escaped  with  his  life.  The  main  top  sail 
yard  was  found  to  be  defective  &  in  getting  it  down  in 
order  to  send  up  a  new^  one  the  lift  fell  from  aloft  in 
which  was  set  an  iron  thimble  &  struck  him  nearly  upon 
the  top  of  his  head.  If  it  had  struck  him  an  inch  or  two 
lower  it  would  undoubtedly  have  killed  him  instantly. 
He  is  doing  well  &  will  probably  be  upon  duty  again 
before  a  great  while. 

We  have  seen  several  species  of  Whales  since  we 
have  been  out.  Saw  a  school  of  sperm  whales,  say  from 
10  to  15,  which  was  on  Sunday.  Blackfish,  Grampuses, 
Porpoises,  Skipjacks  &c  have  frequently  been  seen.  \\'e 
have  not  been  able  to  get  any  fish  to  eat  since  we  have 
been  out  except  a  few  flying  fii;h  &  one  Dolphin  that  came 
on  board  in  the  night  of  their  own  accord.  We  have  a 
firstrate  cook  but  he  seasons  altogether  too  high  for 
weak  stomachs.  .  .  .  The  Co.  are  divided  ofif  into 
5  messes  &  have  a  steward  for  each  mess.  In  the  cabin 
are  H.  Green  &  Son  Tohn,  Capt.  Parker,  Capt.  Haynes, 
Dr.  Dodge,  Wm.  Parker,  S.  Harbour,  Wm.  T.  Horton, 
Southold  &  myself — so  much  for  drawing  a  berth  injthe 
cabin.  My  roommate  was  offered  by  Capt.  Rogers  $5  to 
exchange  with  him;  but  it  was  refused.  \\q  are  very 
much  lumbered  up  with  baggage  &  ship  stores ;  but  are 
as  comfortable  as  can  be  expected.  For  the  last  3 
weeks  the  weather  has  been  hot.  The  thermometer 
ranging  from  80°  to  90°  a  considerable  part  of  the  time. 
We  hope  scon  to  be  where  the  climate  will  be  the  op- 
posite. \Ye  have  had  meetings  every  Sabbath  since  we 
sailed  &  for  the  most  part  upon  the  evenings  of  that  day. 
There  are  on  board  .  .  .  some  wild  boys  I  will  as- 
sure you  &  if  they  don't  spree  it  some  before  they  return 
then  thev  don't,  that's  all.     ... 


354  HISTORY  OF  Tfit  TOU'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

We  hope  to  reach  San  Francisco  by  the  4th  of  July, 
'lliere  is  a  ship  in  sight  bearing  down  for  us  & 
has  the  appearance  of  being  a  whaler  &  1  must  close  this 
up. 

April  1st.  The  Ship  referred  to  would  not  speak  us. 
She  came  within  about  ^  mile  &  put  ofY  as  if  afraid  of 
our  numbers. 

9  P.  AI.  We  are  it^w  hi  company  with  a  Nantucket 
ship  &  have  news  direct  irom  Sandwich  Id.  of  a  very 
encouraging  character  respecting  Gold  in  California.  He 
also  showed  us  a  whaling  list  of  reports.  I  see  the  Ann 
reported  with  1650.  We  send  our  letters  by  this  Ship  to 
Rio  as  he  is  expectinf  to  p-o  in  about  10  days.  We  hope 
to  reach  St.  Catharine's  arjout  the  middle  of  the  week — . 

No.  2  St.  Catharii.e's  April  11th,  1849. 

.  W^e  arrived  here  on  Thursday  the  5th  & 
have  been  anchored  at  quarantine  ever  since,  our  time 
expires  tonight.  The  greater  part  of  the  Co.  however 
have  been  on  shore  trading  for  fruit  of  different  kinds. 
^^'e  had  the  privilege  of  going  on  shore  &  getting  water 
from  a  spring  within  sight  of  the  fort;  they  have  also 
sent  fresh  beef  to  our  ship,  but  it  was  very  little  better 
than  horseflesh.  It  made  tolerable  kind  of  broth  but 
when  roasted  was  almost  as  tough  as  leather.  Canoes 
came  alongside  with  chickens,  eggs,  milk.  Oranges, 
Plantains,  Bananas,  Peanuts,  Huckleberries,  Lemons, 
Guavers,  scrimps  [?]  &c,  all  of  which  they  sell  high 
except  Oranges  which  range  from  10  to  15  pr.  hundred. 
There  are  3  Schooners  &  2  Ships  lying  near  us  all  bound 
to  Cal.  One  left  here  on  Sunday  for  the  same  place. 
The  Geo.  Washington  from  N.  Y.  is  here  with  130  passen- 
gers. The  Stafford  has  100,  she  too  is  from  N.  Y.  There 
has  been  a  fracas  on  board  two  nights  in  succession. 
Night  before  last  we  were  alarmed  with  the  cry  of  mur- 
der— yesterday  morning  we  heard  that  the  mate  had 
some  diflficulty  with  one  of  the  hands  &  the  Capt.  inter- 
fered &  the  man  stabbed  him  &  then  jumped  overboard. 
They  sent  a  l)oat  after  him  &  then  tied  him  up  &  flogged 
him.  We  heard  that  he  was  to  be  sent  home  by  Rio.  I  was 
on  board  the  Pomona  from  N.  Bedford  yesterday  &  saw 


HJSTOKi    OF  THE  TOI4N  UE  SOUTHAMFTUN  355 

some  Gold  that  was  given  them  from  the  flora  of  N, 
London.  They  spoke  her  a  few  days  from  this  place 
bound  home.  The  particulars  you  probal)ly  have  seen 
published.  They  had  a  shipped  crew  over  which  they 
had  to  look  with  a  keen  eye,  constantly  in  fear  that  thev 
would  rise  upon  them  &  take  the  ship.  The  sample  that 
I  have  left,  you  will  find  enclosed.  I  had  to  exhibit  it 
to  so  many  that  a  part  of  it  got  scattered  &  lost.  What 
I  saw  there  was  about  as  large  as  flaxseed  upon  an  aver- 
age. They  spoke  of  seeing  one  lump  on  board  the  Flora 
as  large  as  a  nutmeg.  In  about  3  months  more  we  hope 
to  see  some  of  our  own  procuring  if  Providence  favours 
us.  We  anticipate  a  rough  passage  first  around  the 
Cape  ;  but  the  Ship  will  be  in  a  better  condition  for  rough 
weather  than  when  we  left  home.  Her  seams  upon  ex- 
amination were  found  to  be  very  open.  Capt.  Barny  re- 
marked yesterday  that  it  was  lucky  for  us  that  she  did 
not  waterlog  in  the  gale  that  we  had  just  after  we  left. 

Thus  far  we  have  made  our  own  repairs  &  are  ex- 
pecting to  finish  caulking  today.  She  will  probably  sail 
the  last  of  the  week.  The  villages  near  where  we  lie  are 
small.  I  have  been  as  yet  to  but  one.  The  inhabitants 
appeared  to  be  z'.ery  civil  &  well  behaved.  In  addition  to 
the  fruits  abovementioned  cofTee,  cotton,  sugar  cane  8z 
corn  were  the  principal  articles  raised.  There  are  a 
plenty  of  slaves ;  but  I  should  judge  from  what  I  saw  of 
them  that  they  fared  much  better  than  in  our  Southern 
States.  Our  ship  is  anchored  about  10  miles  from  the 
Ocean  &  it  is  about  14  miles  farther  to  the  principal  city 
of  St.  Catharine.  A  Co.  of  us  are  expecting  to  take  a 
boat  &  go  there  some  day  before  we  leave.  The  bay  at 
this  place  is  about  4  or  5  miles  in  width  &  is  a  beautiful 
sheet  of  water  with  strong  currents  setting  through. 
The  land  both  upon  the  Island  &  the  main  is  very 
broken,  mountainous  &  rocky.  I  have  not  seen  an  im- 
plement of  husbandry  that  was  Yankeefied  in  the  least. 
They  are  so  indolent  that  they  do  little  more  than  live. 
If  the  Yankees  were  in  possession  of  this  country  it 
would  soon  look  differently  I  will  assure  you. 

The  health  of  our  Co.  continues  good.  Those  who 
were  seasick  about  a  month  look  now  as  fat  &  plump 


356  HISTORY    OF    THE    TOIVN    OF   SOUTH  AM  FTON 

as  midshipmen.  Some  were  considerably  disappointed 
&  somewhat  dissatisfied  because  the  Trustees  decided 
to  have  the  ship  stop  here  rather  than  at  Rio.  We  have 
heard  that  vessels  are  quarantined  there  14  days  &  I 
presume  are  far  more  strict  than  here.  Since  hearing 
this  there  ha\e  been  very  few  to  complain.  It  is  the 
report  of  colera  &c  in  the  States  that  has  caused  the 
adoption  of  these  new  measures. 

Friday  13th.  Capt.  Green  goes  this  morning  to  St. 
Catharine's  on  business  so  I  hasten  to  close  my  letter  & 
send  it  by  him. 

\\'e  have  done  nothing  at  caulking  for  the  last  two 
days  on  account  of  the  wind  &  rain.  One  day  more  & 
they  expect  to  fmish  but  as  yet  she  leaks  nearly  as  bad 
as  when  we  came  in.  If  she  continues  to  leak  as  badly 
after  they  finish  they  propose  to  heel  her  over  so  that 
the  upper  part  of  the  copper  can  be  examined.  All  are 
anxious  as  far  as  I  know  to  get  to  sea  again.  We  shall 
very  likely  be  detained  here  until  Tuesday  or  W  ednes- 
day.  Our  boats  are  upon  the  move  nearly  all  the  time 
going  from  one  village  to  another  trading  for  fruits  &c. 
Since  I  wrote  before  I  have  been  to  Whitehall  &  St. 
Michael's,  the  first  about  1  mile  distant  &  the  other 
about  6.  I  bought  my  closebag  full  of  oranges  &  one  of 
E.  White's  (which  was  nearly  as  large)  for  about  .75  of 
our  money.  Their  coin  is  Millrays,  petacks  &  vintons, 
52-18-23/2  cts.  There  were  three  of  us  to  share  them. 
We  had  over  200  each.  It  was  all  picked  fruit  &  I  think 
they  will  keep  good  several  weeks.  Oranges  are  just 
turning  yellow  &  are  said  to  be  about  in  the  right  state 
to  take  to  sea.  After  I  had  got  through  buying  they 
gave  me  a  fine  apple  &  some  of  the  largest  figs  that  I 
ever  saw.  ...  I  saw  several  parrots  for  sale  &  if  I 
had  been  going  home  would  have  bought  one  or  two. 
I  had  a  pair  ofYered  me  for  $1.50.  The  inhal)itants 
seemed  to  be  very  frugal  in  their  diet.  To  appearance 
they  eat  but  very  little  meat  &  are  very  poorly  clad.  The 
children  are  nearly  naked  &  are  very  numerous  I  will 
assure  you.      .     .  l^^ducation  is  very  much  neglected 

&  the  religion  of  the  country  Catholic.     You  will  not 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  357 

only  see  the  Cross  in  front  of  their  chapels  but  upon 
their  dwellings  &  about  their  persons. 

There  were  more  than  20  of  our  Co.  that  went  to 
the  City  yesterday  &  have  not  yet  returned.  I  have 
been  so  much  disgusted  at  the  place  that  I  think  I  shall 
not  go.  I  have  heard  so  much  from  those  who  have 
been  that  my  curiosity  is  pretty  well  satisfied. 

Now  I  suppose  you  would  like  to  know  how  we  get 
along  as  to  our  fare  on  board  the  Ship.  \\'hy,  generally 
we  have  something  to  eat  &  that  which  is  pretty  good 
to  be  sure.  For  breakfast  codfish  &  potatoes — corn- 
bread,  meat  &  potatoes,  hash  &  fried  ham.  Dinner 
boiled  Rice,  AppledufT,  Bean  porridge.  Pea  soup, 
Chicken  soup,  Tea,  cold  meat,  butter  cheese  &  about 
once  a  week  raised  warm  biscuit.  This  is  our  general 
bill  of  fare.  When  we  get  to  California  perhaps  we  shall 
have  a  greater  variety  of  dishes  than  now.     .     .     . 

Capt.  Rogers  has  just  come  in  &  wants  me  to  go  in 
the  boat  to  town.  The  crew  are  Wm.  H.  Post,  Peter 
Howell,  Geo.  Burnet,  Edward  White  &  I  have  pretty 
much  concluded  to  go.  ...  I  shall  write  again  soon 
after  we  get  to  the  Eldorado. 

No.  3.  North  Pacific  Ocean  August  6th,  1849. 

We  are  now  near  the  port  of  our  destination  & 
through  the  kind  Providence  of  God  have  been  pre- 
served from  any  serious  accidents.  All  are  in  comfort- 
able health  &  hope  soon  to  realize  that  for  which  we 
have  left  our  homes  &  encountered  a  voyage  of  hazard 
&  privation. 

When  I  closed  up  mv  last  letter  I  broke  off  suddenly 
to  prepare  myself  for  Town.  The  weather  was  pre- 
carious &  we  got  wet  considerably  before  we  reached 
there — found  the  Town  full  of  strangers  from  the  differ- 
ent vessels  in  port.  Capt.  G.  did  not  get  his  business  ar- 
ranged until  5  P.  M.  &  then  from  the  threatening  ap- 
pearance of  the  weather  did  not  think  it  expedient  to 
start  for  the  ship  before  morning.  The  night  was  dark 
&  rainy  &  we  were  under  the  necessity  of  sleeping  upon 
the  floor.  The  place  was  beautifully  located  upon  a 
large  Bay,  at  the  base  of  a  semi  circle  of  mountains  ris- 


358  HISTORY   OF  THE    TOfTN   Of  SOUTHAMHTON 

ing  towards  the  South  &  East.  Its  population  is  about' 
8000.  There  are  some  few  rich  buildings  of  a  style  differ- 
ent from  anything  lever  saw  before  ;  but  the  great  mass 
of  them  wore  small  &  low  co\ered  with  lime  mortar 
upon  the  uprights  &  tiles  for  the  roofs. 

There  were  but  two  public  houses  in  the  place  & 
they  would  hardly  compare  with  our  Irish  Hotels  in 
point  of  cleanliness  &  respectability.  Early  next  morn- 
ing we  visited  the  markets,  the  prisons  &  the  churches 
where  mass  was  being  said.  The  latter  were  large  & 
richly  adorned,  under  the  centre  of  which  the  dead  were 
deposited  in  vaults  prepared  for  that  purpose.  There 
was  a  brook  of  water  from  the  mountains  that  made  a 
circuitous  route  through  the  city.  At  this  brook  I 
should  judge  that  most  of  their  washing  was  done  by 
slaves  &  conveyed  from,  for  family  use.  The  city  was 
one  of  the  most  filthy,  immoral  &  indecent  places  I  ever 
was  in.  The  second  night  after  we  left  there  were  sev- 
eral killed  in  a  fight  between  the  American  &  Portu- 
guese, one  of  which  was  a  passenger  in  the  Geo.  Wash- 
ington. She  was  expecting  to  have  sailed  in  company 
with  us  but  the  Capt.  was  detained  in  consequence  of 
the  difficulty  mentioned  above.  His  name  was  Hilliard, 
an  old  acquaintance  of  Capt.  Greens.  While  at  anchor 
we  were  alarmed  about  the  middle  of  the  night  with  the 
report  of  a  Pistol  &  the  cry  of  murder  from  the  Bark 
Stafford.  They  subsequently  cut  off  all  communication 
from  other  vessels  &  it  is  supposed  that  one  of  their 
number  was  killed  &  to  prevent  the  seizure  &  detention 
of  the  Ship  by  the  Consul,  this  mode  was  adopted.    .    .    . 

We  left  there  however  the  10th  Mav  from  thence  to 
Staten  Island  (which  is  nearly  u])  with  Cape  Horn). 
We  had  a  long  &  boisterous  passage  having  to  take  in 
sail  several  times  &  lay  to  almost  under  bare  poles.  We 
were  all  very  much  disappointed  in  doubling  the  Cape 
for  there,  above  all  other  places,  we  expected  head  winds 
&  rough  weather;  but  without  detention  we  w^ere  soon 
heading  in  a  contrary  direction  having  exchanged  the 
Atlantic  scenery  for  tliat  of  the  Pacific  which  is  not  very 
dissimilar  I  can  assure  you  being  on  board  of  the  same 
Ship,  the  same  Co.  &  the  same  pursuits. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOM'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  359 

We  have  seen  whales  frequently  of  different  species, 
sperm  have  been  the  most  nnmerous.  The  quarter  l)oat 
has  been  lowered  several  times  in  calm  weather  to 
chase  Blackfish  &  the  only  one  that  was  killed  sunk. 

We  were  at  Robinson  Crusoe's  Island  the  12th  of 
June  when  we  got  a  raft  of  water  80  bis.  which  lasted  us 
about  30  days.  It  was  the  most  wild  &  romantic  spot 
almost  of  which  the  mind  can  imagine.  The  l.'-land  was 
once  used  as  a  place  of  banishment  for  female  convicts 
from  the  coast  of  Chili;  but  is  now  the  place  of  15  vol- 
untary exiles  men  women  &  children  hardly  any  two  cf 
which  were  from  the  same  country.  One  was  a  Yankee 
from  the  State  of  Maine  about  28  yrs.  The  fish  were 
very  abundant  near  shore.  We  fished  with  hooks  for  an 
hour  or  two  &  caught  85,  several  kinds  of  which  re- 
sembled those  caught  in  the  waters  of  L.  I.  Upon  the 
Island  were  wild  Horses,  Goats,  Hogs,  Pigeons  &c.  The 
only  supply  of  fresh  provisions  that  we  obtained  from 
the  shore  was  one  bag  of  potatoes  &  a  few  wild  raddihh 
tops.  I  am  anxious  to  get  where  we  can  have  vegetables 
again.  I  eat  but  very  little  meat.  Some  of  it  is  very 
good  &  some  is  not.  The  Sag  Harbor  hams  are  nearly 
spoiled.  They  were  salted  without  taking  out  the  bones 
&  the  greater  part  of  them  had  turned  more  or  less  blue 
before  they  were  opened  &  besides  that  they  smelled 
rather  stale. 

Our  Ship  has  become  comparatively  tight  to  what 
she  was  before  we  went  into  port.  After  the  Southeast 
trades  left  us  the  winds  were  very  light  until  we  ran  as 
far  North  as  18°  &  then  we  took  the  winds  from  the 
North  which  lasted  with  us  with  the  exception  of  slight 
variations  until  we  arrived  opposite  the  entrance  of  San 
Francisco  Bay.  I  don't  think  that  Capt.  G.  has  carried 
sail  upon  the  ship  as  hard  as  some  others  that  are  with 
us  would  have  done  if  they  had  the  chance.  He  said  of 
Mr.  Rhodes  one  morning  after  having  carried  away  the 
foretop  gallant  mast  that  he  was  generally  a  careful  man 
to  carry  sail.  Capt.  G.  is  a  man  who  says  but  little;  but 
is  possessed  of  good  judgment  &  very  eflficient  in  per- 
forming the  duties  of  his  station.  He  says  that  this  ex- 
pedition will  be  to. him  either  a  gold  chain  or  a  halter. 


360  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOffN   Of  SOUTHAMPTON 

When  in  the  vicinity  of  Cape  Horn  with  the  snow 
capped  mountains  upon  our  beam  30  or  40  miles  distant 
&  the  sun  to  the  far  north  whose  altitude  at  noon  did  not 
exceed  what  it  did  with  you  one  hour  after  it  had  risen, 
was  a  sight  that  many  of  us  ne\er  expected  to  see  & 
never  wish  to  see  again  in  our  born  days.  The  weather 
was  cold  &  stormy  &  more  than  half  of  the  crew  were 
off  duty  sick.  We  had  no  conxeniences  for  making  fires 
&  to  keep  anyway  comfortable  we  had  to  go  to  bed  & 
put  on  a  plenty  of  covering. 

1  must  tell  vou  how  the  4th  of  July  was  observed. 
A  meeting  was  held  nearly  a  week  previous  at  which  a 
Marshall  &  5  Assistant  Marshalls  were  chosen  to  make 
arrangements,  prepare  the  toasts,  select  the  pieces  to  be 
sung  &c.  The  morning  was  one  of  the  most  delightful 
of  the  month.  An  awning  was  spread  over  the  greater 
part  of  the  deck,  a  platform  was  raised  for  the  speaker 
Mr.  A.  H.  Sandford  of  Southold  &  seats  for  the  singers 
&  musicians  &  then  for  the  whole  Ships  Co.  The  lower 
hold  was  broken  into  for  a  pipe  of  gin  which  was  found 
to  be  mostly  leaked  out.  A  table  was  spread  nearly  the 
length  of  the  deck  at  which  all  sat  down  except  the 
cooks  &  stewards.  The  bill  of  fare  consisted  of  fresh 
Porpoise  in  different  styles,  salt  Pork  &  Beef,  hard  & 
soft  bread,  plum  Puddings  together  with  several  kinds  of 
pies.  After  partaking  of  these  the  regular  &  volunteer 
Toasts  (which  were  many  in  number)  were  drunk — cold 
water.  Lemonade,  cider,  wine.  Gin  &  Brandy  were  the 
drinks  used  upon  the  occasion.  After  the  table  was  re- 
moved music  &  dancing  was  joined  in  by  that  part  of 
the  Ships  Co.  who  had  a  taste  for  it.  I  was  surprised  to 
see  some  of  our  oldest  men  dance  so  well.  Capt  P.  from 
S.  Hampton  &  Capt.  Case  from  Shelter  lid  I  consider 
among  the  best  performers.  During  this  part  of  the  per- 
formance a  pa])er  came  out  edited  by  John  H.  Green 
called  the  Pacific  News  which  was  full  of  fun.  wit  & 
humor.  It  also  gave  an  account  of  the  proceedings  up 
to  the  time  it  was  issued,  together  with  a  notice  of  the 
different  professions  of  persons  on  board  &  where  they 
could  be  found  if  their  services  were  needed  by  the  pub- 
lic.    ^\fter  tea  11   Ethiopians,  musicians,  singers  &  per- 


HISTORY  Ot  THE  TOtPN  Of  SOVTHAMtiON  3fll 

formers  presented  themselves  agreable  to  notice  &  en- 
tertained the  Co.  until  about  9>4  when  they  began  to  file 
off  &  retire  to  bed.  Although  I  was  acquainted  both 
with  the  faces  &  voices  of  the  Jumbo  players  yet  I  don'l 
think  I  should  have  found  out  who  they  all  were  had  I 
not  been  told.  Every  one  in  the  Ship  seemed  to  enjoy 
the  hilarity  of  the  day.  I  should  hke  to  have  seen  little 
Walters  looks  &  actions  upon  the  occasion. 

For  several  weeks  past  the  mind  has  been  upon  the 
stretch  in  anticipating  our  arrival  in  Cal.  &  also  in  get- 
ting the  necessary  work  done  before  our  arrival.  Sev- 
eral different  kinds  of  Goldwashers  have  been  made;  a 
large  &  small  scow  the  first  of  which  Capt.  G.  thinks  will 
carry  25  tons  ;  also  a  variety  of  other  articles  too  numer- 
ous to  mention. 

San  Francisco  Aug.  10th  1849.  We  arrived  at  this 
place  yesterday.  The  date  of  the  previous  part  of  this 
sheet  found  us  in  sight  of  land  50  miles  .to  the  northward 
of  this  port  but  on  account  of  fogs  &  calms  we  did  not 
arrive  until  two  days  afterwards.  The  8th  a  boat  crew 
went  ashore  from  the  Ship,  saw  wild  cattle  &  horses, 
Deer,  Seals,  Ducks  &c  &c.  This  place  is  unl'ke  anything 
I  ever  have  seen  before  a  description  of  which  I  know 
not  how  to  give  for  I  know  not  where  to  begin.  Seeing 
is  beleiving  &  inasmuch  as  you  cannot  see  I  am  afraid 
you  will  not  believe  me  if  I  give  you  unexagerated  facts. 
My  testimony  must  be  to  corroborate  the  principal 
statements  made  in  public  &  private  letters  as  well  as 
that  of  the  press  in  general.  The  harbour  on  account  of 
the  amount  of  shipping  &  the  hiirry  &  bustle  witnes.'^ed 
resembled  N.  Y.  on  the  Pacific  I  can  assure  you.  The 
Citv  is  much  larger  than  I  expected  to  see.  I  have  no 
idea  of  the  amount  of  its  inhabitants.  They  seem  to  be 
coming  &  going  all  the  time  &  every  nook  &  corner  is 
full  of  as  heterogeneous  a  mass  as  almost  ever  congre- 
gated together.  The  place  extends  about  l->4  along 
the  Bav  &  about  half  the  distance  back.  The  buildings 
are  of  the  frailest  &  cheapest  kind.  A  great  many  firms 
carry  on  business  under  large  tents.  I  should  think 
thefts  might  be  frequent  when  property  was  left  thus  ex- 
posed ;    but  it  is  said  that  robberies  are  seldom  commit- 


362  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOtTN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

ted.  As  to  Gold  &  Silver  it  is  almost  as  plenty  as  sand 
is  with  you.  You  see  by  the  papers  how  prices  range. 
Some  articles  on  account  of  their  plentifulness  in  mar- 
ket are  already  cheaper  than  they  are  in  the  States,  but 
other  articles  sell  for  more  than  5  times  their  prime  cost. 
Gambling  is  carried  on  in  a  wholesale  manner.  Wm. 
Allen  cheered  us  as  we  passed  the  ship  he  was  in  (the 
Sylph  oiN.B.).     .     .     . 

New  York  [Cal.]  Sunday  evening-,  Aug.  12th.  We 
came  to  this  place  yesterday  with  the  Ship — got  aground 
when  near  the  harbour.  Today  we  have  lightened  her 
&  put  out  two  anchors  &  hauled  her  off.  This  place  is  45 
miles  from  San  Francisco  at  the  head  of  Ship  navigation. 
The  Sabiiia  is  the  first  ship  up  this  far.  Col.  Stevenson 
has  given  us  3  lots  to  induce  us  to  come  here  &  make  it 
headquarters  for  the  Co.  We  are  expecting  to  put  up  a 
house  here.  It  is  a  place  just  laid  off  at  the  junction  of 
the  Sacramento  &  Sanjoakin.  We  shall  probably  divide 
&  go  up  both  rivers  in  a  few  days. 

Tell  Mr.  Dunster  that  if  to  make  money  is  his  object 
it  can  be  done  very  fast  here — common  labourers  get  $8 
pr.  day,  carpenters  $15  &  $18,  Seamen  $150  pr.  month. 
Geo.  Sayre,  Jehials  son,  has  been  at  work  for  that  price 
he  told  me.  Gold  is  not  as  abundant  it  is  said  as  5  or  9 
months  ago  but  by  close  application  it  is  made  profitable. 
I  cannot  tell  what  the  average  is.  Some  say  an  ounce  a 
day.  Mr.  Woodbridge  is  at  Stockton  45  or  50  miles  up 
the  San  Joaquin.  We  went  ashore  today  &  held  a  meet- 
ing. The  Revd.  Mr.  Smith  from  Mass.  invited  us  ashore 
for  that  purpose.  His  family  are  with  him — have  been 
here  about  a  month. 

Wednesday  15th.  .  .  .  The  Co.  held  a  meeting 
today  to  transact  some  important  business.  We  are  told 
that  but  one  Co.  has  held  together  &  I  should  not  be 
surprised  if  we  disl)anded  before  the  expiration  of  the 
time  specified  in  the  Const.  We  ha\e  got  through  strip- 
ping the  Shi])  pretty  much  &  shall  probably  start  as  soon 
as  Monday  for  the  diggins.  \A'here  my  station  will  be  I 
know  not.  The  work  is  represented  to  be  of  the  hardest 
kind;  but  peace  &  order  are  observed  by  the  miners  & 
mens  rights  are  respected.     The  Inisiness  is  said  to  be  a 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOtVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  303 

healthy  one.     .     .     . 

Austin  Jagger  wishes  to  be  remembered.  .  .  . 
I  shall  probably  not  be  in  circumstances  to  write  you 
again  for  some  months  as  we  shall  have  no  conveniences 
at  the  mines.  We  have  over  100  miles  to  go  by  water  & 
then  one  day's  journey  by  land.  The  ground  is  so  precipi- 
tous that  it  is  with  great  difficulty  that  supplies  are 
transported.  Almost  everything  they  say  sells  for  a  dol- 
lar a  pound  at  the  mines.  In  San  Francisco  one  of  our 
Co.  paid  $6  for  a  dinner  but  it  was  an  oyster  stew. 

No.  4.  New  York  of  the  Pacific  Jan.  23,  1850 

As  Mr.  J.  Conklin  of  Sag  harbor  is  expecting  to 
leave  us  in  a  few  days  for  home  I  cannot  permit  so  fav- 
ourable  an   opportunity  to   pass   without   writing  you. 

Our  affairs  stand  very  much  as  they  did  when  I 
wrote  you  last.  Mr.  Warren  &  George  Burnet  have 
come  down  to  the  Ship  &  will  probably  stay  until  the 
weather  makes  it  right  for  them  to  return  to  the  mines 
which  will  likely  not  be  before  April.  They  complain  of 
the  weather  being  very  cold  &  stormy  &  not  suitable  to 
v/ork  at  mining  for  a  considerable  part  of  the  time. 
They  speak  very  well  of  the  dic/c/ins  where  they  were 
upon  Deer  Creek  &  I  think  they  did  a  very  good  business 
while  they  remained  there. 

Capt.  Howell  for  reasons  best  known  to  himself  did 
not  go  in  the  Albany  but  is  here  &  messes  with  A.  Rogers 
&  their  claims  ought  to  be  duly  respected  by  all  the  cook- 
ing fraternity  except  Capt.  Green.  Capt.  B.  R.  Green 
has  gone  mate  of  the  Ship  Washington  to  Sandwich  Isl- 
ands &  from  thence  to  China  &  home  &  it  may  be  8  or 
10  months  before  they  reach  there.  Peter  Howell  has 
gone  2d  mate  &  D.  F.  Parker  &  Isaac  Van  Scoy  of  Sag 
Harbour  also  in  the  same  ship.  The  latter  as  steward. 
C)ur  cook  Alphonso  Boardman  has  had  his  right  hand 
blown  off  at  S.  Francisco  by  the  bursting  of  a  gun.  How 
he  is  now  I  don't  know.  VVe  have  heard  nothing  from 
our  miners  since  Mr.  \A'arren  came  down.  A  hard  time 
was  anticipated  by  them  this  winter.  The  weather  thus 
far  at  the  ship  has  not  been  as  bad  as  I  expected.     \Ye 


364  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOtfN   Of  SOUTHAMPTON 

have  had  a  considerable  of  rainy  weather,  l)nt  not  much 
snow  or  cold  weather.  The  water  in  the  rivers  has  been 
very  high  for  more  than  a  week  &  Sacramento  City  is 
said  to  be  from  5  to  7  feet  under  water.  They  i)ropose 
raising  a  lexee  when  the  waters  abate  &  a  consideral^le 
amount  has  been  subscribed  for  that  purpose.  An  im- 
mense amount  o\  projjerty  has  been  damaged  &  lost 
&  thousands  of  cattle,  horses  &  mules  have  perished. 
Men  are  moving  off  in  boats  &  in  almost  every  other 
possible  way  to  the  hills  for  encampment.  Several  other 
towns  in  the  upper  country  are  in  almost  as  bad  a  fix.  S. 
Francisco  is  ankle  deep  in  liquid  mud  &  in  some  places  it 
needs  long  legged  Boots  &  a  cane  to  sound  the  depth  of 
the  mud  to  prevent  getting  stalled,  "as  the  Hoosiers 
say."  Capt.  Green  mentions  of  a  man  who  undertook  to 
carry  a  lady  across  the  street  while  he  was  there.  He 
fell  &  you  can  judge  as  well  as  myself  what  kind  of  a 
predicament  they  were  in  exposed  as  they  were  to  the 
gaze  of  the  public.  .  .  .  Sales  have  been  dull  at  the 
ship  for  a  few  weeks  past  but  we  think  when  the  spring 
opens  it  will  be  brisk  again. 

Stephen  Halsey  &c  have  arrived  at  S.  Francisco. 
Samuel  has  had  a  letter  from  him  &  thinks  they  may  be 
up  here  before  long.  .  Mr.  Ross  who  once  ran  a 

stage  across  Shelter  Island  is  here  sick  with  dysentery 
&  to  ap]iearances  near  his  end.  He  came  out  in  the 
Iowa,  S.  Harb(nir.  (He  brought  about  $2000  in  Gold 
dust  with  him  to  the  Ship.  He  had  been  teaming,  truck- 
ing &c  before  he  was  taken  sick  &  had  done  well.)  The 
sick  of  our  Co.  who  are  at  the  Ship  are  all  better  &  able 
to  do  for  thcmsehes.  The  messes  are  as  follows:  Capt. 
G.  &  son.  2d  Capt.  Parker.  Capt.  Halsey  &  L^ham.  }>(\ 
Capts.  Howell  &  Rogers.  4th  Rhodes  &  J.  Rogers.  3th 
Mr.  Conklin.  Saml.  Halsey  &  Geo.  Burnet.  6th  Mr. 
\\'arren.  A.  Hildreth  &  Spencer  Sayre.  7th  Sandford  & 
Jagger.  Comers  &  goers  ha\e  to  crowd  in  where  they 
can  get  the  best  chance. 

1  am  sorry  to  hear  of  the  anticipated  departure  of 
so  many  from  our  town  for  California.  1  fear  if  thev  do 
not  lose  their  li\es  or  health,  the}'  will  regret  it  them- 
selves.   There  are  already  many  in  the  Country  who  are 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  365 

not  doing  as  well  as  they  might  at  home.  If  any  one 
does  remarkably  well  it  is  known  &  told  of  &  the  fa  ts 
in  the  case  exagerated,  but  those  who  make  a  failure  of 
it,  are  among  those  who  are  not  reported.  There  is  Gold 
here  pretty  plenty  &  no  mistake,  but  where  one  makes  a 
fortune  at  mining,  nine  others  will  fail  at  it  &  they  make 
as  much  of  an  effort  to  secure  it  (so  I  am  told)  as  the 
one  who  is  successful.  Mr.  S.  &  myself  have  been  talk- 
ing about  going  into  business  together  after  we  get 
through  with  the  business  at  the  ship.  .  .  .  There 
are  so  many  of  our  company  starting  for  home  that 
you  will  get  all  the  news  I  expect  &  more  too. 

No.  5.  New  York  of  the  Pacific  March  20th,  1850. 

.  .  .  This  California  is  a  great  &  there  are  a 
great  many  physiognomys  in  it,  no  two  of  which  are 
alike.  There  are  some  that  I  shall  recollect  I  hope  as 
long  as  I  live.  There  are  others  I  shall  take  no  partic- 
ular pains  to  remember.  Just  think  of  it  representatives 
from  almost  every  part  of  the  globe ;  every  hue  of  face 
&  character  almost;  but  the  state  of  morals  is  not  as 
low  as  one  might  imagine.  There  is  said  to  be  more 
justice  than  law  exercised  over  the  community.  Gold, 
gold,  gold  is  the  topic  of  conversation  among  all  classes 
&  conditions  of  men  &  few,  perhaps  none,  but  wish  a 
little  more  of  the  glittering  treasure  than  they  are  now 
in  possession  of.  Men  here,  as  everywhere,  have  very 
capacious  desires;,  but  let  me  tell  you  that  few  that 
pursue  an  honest  calling  here  will  return  home  with 
their  desires  satisfied;  nor  will  their  anticipations  be 
realized  in  the  easy  accumulation  of  wealth. 
The  Gold  is  here  without  mistake;  but  so  far  as  I  have 
become  acquainted  with  miners  few  make  fortunes  com- 
pared with  the  many  who  suffer  the  hardships  &  priva- 
tions incident  to  such  a  life. 

We  have  a  large  inventory  still  in  the  Ship  to  be  dis- 
posed of.  There  is  about  $5000  in  cash  on  hand.  The 
party  at  the  ship  is  large,  mostly  from  Southampton.  In 
addition  to  our  own  Co.  we  have  Lewis  Howell,  Stephen 
Jagger,  Albert  Halsey,  Stephen  Halsey,  Howell  Cor- 
with,  William  Fordham  &  William  Foster.     They  are 


366  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOITN    OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

waiting  for  the  weather  to  change  so  they  can  start  for 
the  mines  without  too  much  exposure.  W'e  have  had  a 
squally  month  thus  far  with  very  high  winds.  Our  Ship 
drew  her  anchors  about  a  week  ago  &  now  lies  nearlv  in 
the  mouth  of  the  River  Sanjoachin  much  to  the  annoy- 
ance of  vessels  that  wish  to  pass.  Our  boat,  the  smallest 
one,  also  broke  loose  &  it  was  with  a  considerable  exer- 
tion that  we  got  her  again,  not  however  without  wet 
coats  &  skins  too,  for  it  was  raining  a  streak. 

I  received  a  letter  from  Wm.  H.  Post  about  10  days 
since.  Pie  was  at  Honolulu  &  was  getting  better, 
thought  he  should  be  ready  to  start  back  this  month. 
Thinks  he  should  not  now  have  been  alive  had  he  re- 
mained at  the  Ship.  Several  others  think  so  too.  . 
Nathan  was  as  fat  as  a  hog  &  tough  as  a  loon.  . 
Capt.  W  ni.  Post  &  W'm.  White  have  been  to  the  Ship 
nearly  a  week  ...  &  are  going  back  to  the  same 
diggins  in  a  few  days.  (It  is  the  rough  &  ready  diggins 
I  think.)  They  had  heard  nothing  from  us  or  from 
home  since  last  Oct.  until  they  fell  in  with  one  of  our 
Co.  at  Sacramento  on  their  way  down.  .  .  .  Capt. 
L.  Ludlow  &  l)r()ther  we  have  just  heard  ha\-e  made 
$1,000  l)etween  them.  Austin  Lewis  cK:  J.  H.  I'^ields  were 
probably  in  the  same  neighborhood.  Peter  Reeves 
started  with  them  but  died  on  their  way  out  &  was  bur- 
ied at  Mormon  Island.  1  wrote  to  his  father  of  the  cir- 
cumstances as  mentioned  in  my  letter  from  Austin.  I 
have  written  to  S.  B.  Halsey's  widow  &  Edward  H. 
White's  widow.  .     .      Mr.  Ross  died  in  a  few  days 

after  Mr.  Conklin  left. 

No.  6.  San  Francisco  March  24,  1850. 

Business  has  very  unexpectedly  called  me  to  this 
place.  This  is  the  sabbath.  I  am  at  the  house  of  my 
roonnnate  &  write  you  a  few  hasty  lines.  We  went  to 
hear  the  Revd  Mr.  Williams  preach  this  morning.  His 
subject  was  the  prosperity  &  declination  of  the  Chris- 
tian, his  text  the  3  Epistle  of  John  2d  verse.  The  congre- 
gation were  assembled  in  the  basement  of  the  Custom 
house  &  the  seats  were  nearly  all  filled  with  well  dressed 
&  attentive  listeners  mostly  gentlemen  from  18  to  50.    A 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOPVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  367 

small  sprinkling  of  ladies  say  about  a  dozen.  Ladies  are 
now  frequently  seen  walking  the  streets.  About  203 
have  recently  arrived  from  Sydney.  I  doubt  whether 
the  morals  of  the  Community  will  ht  improved  by  their 
introduction.  They  can  make  money  in  an  honest  way 
&  I  hope  they  will.  One  lady  that  I  know  at  N.  York 
[Cal.]  who  has  lost  her  husband  since  she  came  out  here 
is  now  getting  her  $200  pr.  month  at  common  house- 
work. 

The  Ocean  Steamer  is  hourly  looked  for,  we  expect 
to  see  Wm.  Payne,  S.  White,  C.  Bishop  &  others  from 
S.  I  hope  they  will  be  prospered  after  they  reach  here 
for  every  body  who  submits  to  the  hardships  &  priva- 
tions consequent  to  a  miner's  life  deserves  good  pav  for 
it.  I  hope  that  health  will  be  enjoyed  &  prized  by  them. 
I  must  now  add  two  more  to  our  list  who  have  ex- 
changed temporal  for  eternal  realities,  viz  John  Crook  of 
Hogne'k — he  married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Seth  Corwin. 
The  other  was  Daniel  B.  Glover  of  Southold,  who  had 
made  proposals  to  me  to  go  to  the  Sandwich  Isl.  & 
operate  at  our  difTerent  trades  &  mess  together  &  divide 
the  profits.  As  a  Co.  death  has  broken  into  our  ranks 
frequently.  Few  have  been  so  unfortunate.  The 
Henry  Lee  of  130  has  lost  11.  The  Jacob  M.  Ryerson  has 
lost  one  sixth  of  her  Co.  We  have  just  heard  that  one 
of  the  sail  boats  that  we  brought  out  &  sold  was  uppet  & 
4  persons  drowned  &  about  $12,000  in  money  lost.  I  am 
here  upon  the  Ships  business.  .  .  ,  Capt.  G.  arrived 
the  day  previously.  We  brought  down  20  bis.  of  Beef 
for  Capt.  Roice  &  shall  send  him  more  if  we  can  get  it 
down  before  he  sails.  He  expects  to  leave  about  the  first 
of  next  month.  They  are  all  well.  I  was  on  board  of 
him  &  the  Hamilton  last  evening.  You  undoubtedly  will 
hear  of  the  meeting  on  board  the  Sheffield  on  her  pas- 
sage out.  Jeter  Bishop  has  hired  to  go  the  voyage  at 
$200  pr.  month.  They  all  have  raised  ideas  as  to  the 
success  of  their  voyage.  Talk  of  getting  5000  in  90 
days.  I  hope  they  will  do  it  but  sha'nt  be  disappointed 
if  they  don't.  The  Cadmus  &  Ann  Mary  Ann  are  looked 
for  soon.  It  is  astonishing  what  an  amount  of  shipping 
there  is  in  this  port  at  present.     I  think  I  never  saw  as 


368  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOITN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

many  ships  in  N.  York  at  one  time  as  may  now  be  seen 
here.  Large  ships  will  not  sell  for  as  much  as  a  boat 
that  will  carry  10  or  15  tons.  The  destruction  of  prop- 
erty here  in  various  ways  is  very  great.  If  a  person 
wants  an  article  he  will  give  a  great  price  for  it  but  if 
he  don't  want  it,  you  can't  give  it  to  him.  Clothing  is 
plenty  &  cheap.  Loads  of  it  may  be  seen  thrown  into 
the  street  when  perhaps  it  has  not  been  worn  more  than 
a  week  or  two  &  can  buy  new  nearly  as  cheap  as  to  have 
their  dirty  ones  washed.  If  we  all  live  to  reach  home  I 
guess  there  will  be  some  men  washers  &  men  bakers  who 
never  served  any  regular  apprenticeship  at  the  business. 
I  don't  like  to  say  whether  or  not  we  like  it. 

I  am  expecting  to  go  to  the  mines  in  about  3  weeks. 
I  will  endeavor  to  write  you  again  before  I  start.  I  ex- 
pect but  seldom  to  have  an  opportunity  of  wTiting  & 
perhaps  not  be  able  to  receive  letters  from  you  for  some 
months. 

On  my  way  down  I  stopped  one  evening  to  see  Mr. 
A\'oodbridge  at  Bonetia.  He  told  me  that  he  had  sent 
for  his  family  to  come  out  with  the  Revd.  Mr.  Williams 
who  expects  to  start  in  the  next  steamer  to  attend  the 
meeting  of  the  General  Assembly  &  return  with  his 
family.  Mr.  W'oodbridge  seems  to  be  pleased  with  the 
country  &  says  that  he  expects  to  labour  &  die  here.  He 
marked  out  a  way  in  which  we  could  make  money  if  you 
were  only  here,  but  I  did  not  promise  to  send  for  you  at 
present.  If  I  should  send  for  you  I  don't  much  b'lieve 
you  would  come  &-I  think  you  would  not  be  greatly  to 
blame  either.  To  tell  you  the  candid  truth  about  it  this 
country  what  they  call  Californy  is  scarcely  fit  for  white 
folks  to  live  in  at  present  whether  they  be  male  or  fe- 
male. Just  think  of  it,  mud  half  knee  deep  several 
months  in  the  year.  And  then  again  as  many  months 
more  without  a  drop  of  rain  &  the  ground  as  dry  as  ashes 
to  be  moved  with  the  wind  like  the  great  African  deserts 
so  that  almost  every  pore  of  the  skin  demands  water, 
water,  water  to  remove  the  hateful  load.  Again  just 
think  of  a  climate  that  frequently  in  summer  &  fall  \ar- 
ies  in  temperature  from  40°  to  50°  during  the  24  hours. 
I  should  like  a  little  of  the  gold  that  lies  hid  in  the  bowels 


HJSrUKY  OF  THE  rOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  369 

of  the  earth  in  this  country  &  I  ask  no  more  from  it.  It 
is  bound  to  be  a  great  country  &  no  mistake  but  it  is  the 
gold  that  will  bring  settlers  more  than  anything  else. 
The  morals  of  society  are  yet  to  be  moulded  &  how  is 
this  to  be  done  until  Ahierican  laws  &  institutions  are 
introduced.  Temperance,  industry  &  morality,  the 
handmaids  of  religion  lie  too  dormant.  Principles  of 
right  ought  never  to  be  sacrificed  for  pecuniary  motives. 
And  if  I  must  labour  upon  the  Sabbath  or  traffick  in  in- 
toxicating drinks  to  the  sacrifice  of  the  principles  of 
right  &  wrong  in  order  to  be  rich  I  shrink  from  it  for  I 
know  it  would  give  me  but  little  satisfaction  through 
hfe.     ... 

One  of  our  best  customers  at  the  Ship  has  recently 
committed  suicide.  He  had  bought  very  liberally  &  ex- 
pected to  buy  nearly  all  that  we  had  to  dispose  of  in  the 
ship.  He  shipped  it  to  Stockton  &  then  sent  a  part  of  it 
to  the  mines  &i  the  price  went  down  so  that  he  was  likely 
to  lose  a  considerable  amount.  It  seemed  to  affect  his 
mind  very  much  &  he  cried  like  a  child  about  it  &  re- 
quested us  to  say  nothing  about  it  to  any  of  their  Co. 
fearing  that  they  [would  write]  about  it  to  his  wife  & 
make  her  feel  unpleasant  about  it.  He  was  one  of  the 
Mt.  Vernon  Co.  from  Matapoiset.  Soon  after  this  he 
became  delirious  took  a  large  dose  of  laudunum,  but  re- 
peated emetics  being  given,  he  threw  it  ofT.  A  few  days 
after,  not  being  closely  watched,  he  obtained  accesstothe 
medicine  chest  again,  pryed  it  open,  took  down  a  large 
quantity  of  corrosive  sublimate  &  it  was  not  detected 
until  it' was  too  late  to  save  his  life.  ...  He  was 
professedly  a  pious  man  &  I  think  Dea.  of  a  church  in 
the  place  where  his  family  hves. 

March  27th  1850.  The  Ocean  Steamer  arrived  yes- 
terdav  about  noon.     No  pasengers  that  I  knew.     .     .     . 

Those  who  are  sailors  or  have  good  trades  can  get 
first  rate  wages  without  going  to  the  mines.  Produce  is 
plenty  &  cheap.  Lumber  selling  as  low  as  $35  per  Thous- 
and. The  Cadmus  Co.  must  sink  money  like  ourselves. 
The  be«t  they  can  do  will  be  to  disl)and.  These  Com- 
panies are  unfortunate  concerns. 

An  election  was  held  here  on  Monday  last,  a  very 


370  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOiVN   OF  SOUTHAMPTON 

exciting  time  indeed  I  will  assure  you.  There  were  sev- 
eral fights  before  its  close.  This  place  is  improving  rap- 
idly. The  hills  are  being  dug  down  &  the  valleys  filled. 
The  comforts  of  a  civilized  life  will  ere  long  be  enjoyed. 
Many,  I  presume,  feel  as  though  they  were  permanent 
settlers  here.  There  is  a  great  excitement  here  about 
the  richness  of  the  Trinity  diggins  upon  the  upper  Sac- 
ramento &  they  are  leaving  by  scores  in  Schooners  up 
the  coast  in  order  that  the  land  route  may  be  shortened. 

No.  7  New  York  of  the  Pacific,  April  7th  1850. 

The  company  held  a  meeting  last  week  for 
the  transaction  of  business  &  ordered  the  Ship  to  San- 
francisco  &  the  effects  to  be  sold  within  30  days  after  her 
arrival.  Mr.  Sandford  &  Capt.  Green  were  appointed 
agents  to  settle  the  concern.  .  .  .  He  [Capt.  G.] 
seemed  to  be  anxious  that  Mr.  S.  &  myself  should  be  ap- 
pointed &  nominated  us  &  said  that  he  had  the  greatest 
confidence  in  us;  but  I  had  made  previous  arrange- 
ments to  go  to  the  mines  &  had  bought  a  tent  &  a  con- 
siderable part  of  my  outfit  &  my  partner,  Wm.  M. 
Parker,  brother  to  John  Parker  the  merchant  of  Sag 
Harbour  had  been  waiting  several  weeks  for  my  term  of 
Office  to  expire  in  order  that  we  might  go  together. 
Capt.  Wm.  C.  Haynes  a  Brother  of  Stephen  Halsey's 
wife,  proposes  to  be  at  1/3  the  expenses  of  the  outfit  & 
live  w^ith  us  &  work  by  himself  &  we  thought  it  to  be 
economy  for  us  to  take  him  in  &  have  done  so.  We  are 
now  very  busy  in  making  cradles  &c  to  carry  with  us  to 
seperate  the  Gold  from  the  dirt.  The  greater  part  of 
the  Co.  have  already  gone  to  the  mines.  Those  remain- 
ing are  Mr.  Rhodes,  Capt.  Howell,  Spencer  Sayre,  one 
company,  Capt.  Parker  &  Lewis  Howell  another  &  are 
probably  waiting  for  Mr.  Payne  to  return  to  make  a 
third  partner.  We  have  just  heard  of  the  arrival  of  the 
Tennessee  &  think  he  came  in  her.  Albert  Hildreth, 
Capt.  Green  &  son  Charles,  Albert  &  James  Rogers, 
Mr.  Sandford,  Capt.  Haynes,  Wm.  M.  Parker  &  the 
undersigned.  From  the  representations  made  by  Capt. 
Post  &  Wm.  White  the  most  of  us  have  concluded  to  go 
to  the  Rough  &  Ready  diggins  in  the  neighborhood  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOtVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  371 

Deer  &  Bear  creeks.     I  hope  we  may  all  make  our  piles 
so  that  we  can  return  home  next  winter. 

The  specimen  I  sent  to  Cad  last  fall  we  have  heard 
was  lost  upon  the  Isthmus.  Capt.  Parker  has  had  the 
misfortune  to  lose  two  in  a  different  way.  Pins  of  vir- 
gin Gold  have  become  very  fashionable  here.  J.  Rogers 
had  attached  pins  to  them  &  were  in  a  cup  of  water  in 
order  to  cleanse  them.  John  Cook  not  knowing  that  it 
contained  anything  but  water  threw  the  whole  of  it  into 
the  River.  Thus  Ann  &  some  one  else  may  be  disap- 
pointed.   The  value  was  about  $10. 

The  country  where  Gold  exists  is  filling  up  fast 
with  Yankees  &  almost  every  other  nation  &  I  am  ex- 
ceedingly anxious  to  get  there  &  make  a  claim  before  the 
whole  mining  district  is  taken  up.  The  word  is,  still 
they  come. 

Goods  are  very  cheap  here,  in  fact  they  sell  for  al- 
most nothing.  I  bought  3  handsome  sheets  yesterday  for 
.46,  not  that  I  wanted  them  but  no  one  bid  above  me  & 
I  had  to  take  them.  ...  I  bought  a  good  chest  at 
the  same  auction  for  .25.  Capt.  Green  bought  a  back 
load  nearly  of  coats  &  pantaloons  for  about  .25  to  .50 
cents  a  garment.  A  man  don't  want  anything  more  than 
is  actually  necessary  in  this  country  where  storage  is  so 
high,  $1.50  per  month.  I  wi.^h  half  my  clothes  were 
home.  .  .  .  This  Co.  had  about  enough  for  a  5 
vears  campaign  when  they  left  home,  money  excepted. 
'.  .  .  Some  few  make  fortunes  at  mining;  but  the 
great  mass  have  not  done  it  &  it  is  very  doubtful 
whether  they  ever  do.  I  think  it  yields  a  very  fair 
profit  however;  but  it  is  a  life  of  exposure,  hardships  & 
privations;  but  it  is  an  honest  &  honorable  way  of  mak- 
ing a  living  &  I  came  to  this  Eldorado  to  pursue  it  & 
pick  up  some  of  the  pound  lumps  that  chance  may  throw 
in  my  way.  So  here  we  go  with  our  shovels  &  picks 
upon  our  backs  with  a  light  quick  step  &  a  merry  heart 
will  scale  the  mountain  side  &  turn  the  big  rocks  out  by 
the  roots  &  wash  out  the  shining  dust  &  take  it  home  to 
our  wives,  children,  sweethearts  &c.  T  have  put  up  >4 
Bushel  of  Beans,  20  lbs  of  Rice.  1  Ham,  15  lbs.  dried  ap- 
ples &c  &  shall  cook  some  beef  &  pork  to  eat  upon  the 


372  HISTORY   OF   THE    TOtVN   OF  SOUTHAMFTON 

way  &  depend  mostly  upon  buying  after  we  get  out  there. 
.  .  .  Potatoes  are  worth  .20,  Unions  .75  per  lb.  Bread 
&  meat  is  cheap  &  Lumber  is  worth  but  little  more  than 
the  cost  price  at  home. 

New  York  of  the  Pacific,  April  14th  1850.  The 
Ship  is  now  hauled  off  into  the  stream  waiting  a  fair 
wind  to  go  down  to  San  Francisco.  W't  have  been  quite 
busy  the  past  week  in  getting  up  the  anchors  which  were 
badly  fouled,  bending  sails  &  landing  goods,  taking  an 
inventory  of  what  remains  on  board  &c.  ...  I  am 
anxious  to  get  to  the  mines  &  may  not  wait  for  the  Ship. 
Capt.  Parker,  Mr.  L.  Howell,  A.  Rogers  &  Capt. 
Haynes,  Parker  &  Jagger  expect  to  buy  a  whaleboat, 
take  their  effects  into  it  &  put  up  the  river  as  soon  as 
we  can  get  ready.  .  .  .  The  Cadmus  &  Ann  Mary 
Ann  have  been  reported  in  the  Pacific  &  are  expected 
every  day.  The  report  of  the  arrival  of  the  Tennessee 
proved  false.  We  have  just  heard  that  Capt.  B.  Green 
left  the  Washington  at  Sandwich  Id.  &  took  command  of 
a  ship  for  Sydney  for  coal  &  iron  thence  to  Sanfrancisco. 
I  think  it  very  probable  that  Wm.  H.  Post  &  Nathan 
have  gone  with  him.  ...  I  don't  •  see  where  S. 
White,  Wm.  Payne  &  co.  can  be.  I  doubt  whether  a 
county  in  the  U.  S.  A.  in  proportion  to  its  population  has 
sent  more  representatives  to  Cal.  than  old  Suffolk. 

April  17th.  We  have  today  been  buying  Lumber 
with  which  to  build  a  boat  to  go  up  the  River  with.  Capt. 
Howell,  Mr.  Rhodes,  Spencer  Sayre,  Capt.  Haynes 
Parker  &  Jagger  think  of  going  to  the  Rough  &  Ready 
diggins.  Capt.  Parker,  L.  Howell  &  Capt.  Rogers  ex- 
pect to  go  higher  up  upon  the  Uber.  They  propose  that 
I  start  tomorrow  for  S.  &  do  my  own  business  &  get 
some  few  things,  letters  &c  for  them  &  they  will  build 
the  boat  while  I  am  gone  &  then  we  will  be  ready  to 
start  together.  I  don't  know  what  A.  Hildreth  &  J. 
Rogers  will  do.  They  still  remain  on  board  the  ship. 
The  wind  has  been  ahead  ever  since  we  hauled  the  Ship 
off  &  no  pilot  &  no  way  provided  to  get  her  down.  The 
boards  for  a  boat  we  bought  of  Mr.  Eaton  who  con- 
tracted to  build  the  Church  in  Southampton. 

Thursday  evening  18th.     Mr.  Payne  arrived  here 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOffN  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  373 

this  rn orning.  Came  in  the  Tennessee.  He  left  the  rest 
of  f  he  Co.  upon  the  Isthmus  waiting  for  the  Sarah  Sands. 
She  will  be  up  he  thinks  in  about  2  w  seks.  Commenced 
our  boat  today.  I  expect  to  start  for  Sanfrancisco  in 
the  morning.  Capt.  Payne,  Wm.  M.  Parker  &  myself 
saved  a  man  from  drowning  today.  He'  fell  from  the 
Steamer  Governor  Dana.  He  forgot  to  thank  us  being 
considerably  chilled  &  fatigued.  We  have  heard  by 
Capt.  Payne  of  the  death  of  Capt.  Geo.  Corwin  at  San- 
francisco. He  came  out  master  of  the  Huron,  S.  Har- 
bour. 

San  Francisco  Apr.  23d.  .  .  .  The  Panama  has 
just  arrived  with  about  40,000  letters.  I  shall  stand 
around  tomorrow  in  order  to  receive  1  or  more.  Those 
sent  by  S.  White  or  C.  Bishop  I  shall  not  expect  to  get 
for  some  weeks  yet. 

No.  8  Wolf  Creek,  Cal.  June  19th  1850. 

,     .     .     It  is  a  kind  of  broken  day  with  me  which 
alTords  me  a  little  leisure  time  to  write  &  here  in  the 
mountainous  part  of  Cal.  under  the  shade  of  a  large  pine 
seated  upon  the  ground  with  a  tin  pan  in  my  lap  for  a 
desk    I    have   commenced   to   write   an   epistle.     .     .     . 
This  forenoon  I  was  out  on  a  short  prospecting  tour 
with  Mr.  Warren  (w^ho  has  just  recovered  from  a  sick- 
ness of  several  weeks  standing)  in  search  for  new  dig- 
gins.     ...     I    will    enclose    one    little    piece    that    I 
washed  out  with  a  pan  which  Mr.  W.  says  looks  like  a 
human   face,   the   back  side   of  which   looks   as  though 
man's  art  had  had  something  to  do  to  bring  it  into  its 
present   shape.      I   am   now  trying  to  make  a   mess  of 
soup;    so  you  see  that  we  Californians  have  to  be  our 
own  cooks,  tailors,  cobblers,  washerwomen,  nurses  &c 
&c.     Wm.  M.  Parker  is  sick.     .     .     .     The  rest  of  our 
Co.  are  all  upon  duty  as  far  as  I  know.     \A'e  had  a  long 
passage  up  the  River  owing  to  the  strong  head  current. 
We  went  first  to  Nevada  City  upon  Deer  Creek  &  after 
looking  around  a  few  days  thought  it  best  to  turn  a  sec- 
tion of  the  River  about  two  miles  above  the  town  which 
we  afterwards  put  out  to  Wm.  Frenrh  &  i^:ii  Fordham 
for  1/3  of  the  net  proceeds..    They  have  taken  in  George 


374  HISTORY    Ut    THt    TUIVN   OF  SOUTHAMHTUN 

Shaw  &  are  at  work  upon  it.  They  had  not  niade  much 
when  we  last  heard  from  them.  I  must  stop  here  &  say- 
that  our  Co.  is  composed  at  present  of  7  men  viz :  Henry 
Loper,  Daniel  Smith,  John  Petty,  Job  Hedges,  Capt. 
Wm.  Haynes,  Wm.  M.  Parker  &  the  undersigned,  all 
Suffolk  Co.  men.  W'e  next  moved  over  to  Grass  Valley 
where  Capt.  Post  &  Wm.  White  spent  the  winter  &  as 
Job  &  myself  washed  out  in  two  days  about  $50  we 
thought  to  be  sure  we  were  on  the  road  to  wealth,  but 
we  soon  ran  the  lead  out  &  now  can  scarcely  make  our 
board.  We  turned  the  creek  here  too,  but  in  the  bed  of 
it  found  nothing.  Next  was  Bear  River  about  15  miles 
distant  where  Capt.  Post,  Geo.  Burnet,  Stephen  Jagger, 
John  Cook,  Capt.  Edward  Halsey  &  E.  B.  Isham  had 
gone.  Here  another  section  was  turned  taking  about  3 
weeks  to  dig  the  race  &  put  in  the  dam  &  is  now  paying 
but  about  $5  to  the  man.  Only  3  are  now  at  work  there. 
Capt.  Post  &  Burnet,  Jagger  &  Cook  have  found  a  spot 
where  they  make  as  we  suppose  about  $15  to  $20  per  day 
to  the  man.  Capt.  Haines  &  D.  Smith  have  started  for 
the  north  Uber  thinking  it  to  l)e  our  last  resort.  Wm. 
White  is  also  in  Company  with  them.  If  they  make  no 
discoveries  that  will  justify  us  in  moving  there  we  shall 
probably  dissolve  partnership  after  their  return.  It  is 
evident  that  the  cream  has  been  taken  off,  of  diggins 
that  have  already  been  discovered,  so  that  at  present  it 
is  a  precarious  business  &  not  as  profitable  as  most  other 
kinds  that  are  followed  in  this  country.  The  Greens, 
Capt.  Parker  &  Son.  Eewis  Howell,  Capt.  Payne,  Capt. 
Rogers,  Edwin  Halsey,  Wm.  Topping  &  Geo.  Sayre  & 
others  are  camped  about  ^  of  a  mile  from  us.  .  .  . 
Their  success  thus  far  has  been  about  upon  an  average 
with  ours.  You  must  not  be  surprised  to  see  mc  at 
home  by  the  first  of  Jan.  meeting  with  so  many  discour- 
agements may  turn  me  that  way  sooner  than  I  expected. 
.  .  .  It  is  a  constant  scene  of  excitement.  We  have 
to  live  in  a  kind  of  primitive  style — no  tables,  no  chairs, 
stools  or  benches,  no  stoves,  fireplaces  or  ovens  to  cook 
in.  Simple,  plain  way  of  living  this  but  by  no  means 
cheap  in  the  mines  nearly  250  miles  from  Sanfrancisco. 
Almost  evervthing  is  from  .30  to  $1.50  per  lb.  at  retail. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOfVN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  375 

Molasses  $4  per  Gallon,  Vinegar  $3  &  so  on  in  that 
ratio.  A  man  that  makes  nothing  must  reduce  his 
purse  fast. 

Capt.  Howell,  H.  Rhodes,  &  Spencer  Sayre  stopped 
at  Gold  run  &  I  believe  are  there  still.     It  is  about  4  or 

5  miles  distant.  .  .  .  Our  boat  we  could  not  sell  & 
we  left  her  at  the  town  of  Nicholas  thinking  that  we 
might  go  down  in  her  when  we  are  ready  to  return. 

The  Indians  have  been  very  troublesome  &  danger- 
ous &  now  as  a  treaty  has  been  made  with  them  we  hope 
for  peace  &  safety.  The  Whites  I  think  have  been  far 
more  to  blame  than  the  Indians  as  they  (many  of  them) 
would  shoot  them  down  like  wolves  or  iDears  whenever 
they  would  come  across  them  &  now  as  they  have  retali- 
ated in  showing  hostility  to  the  whites  a  war  of  extermi- 
nation is  the  motto  of  too  many.  .  .  .  Payne,  How- 
ell, the  Greens  &  Co.  have  been  buying  mules  prepara- 
tory to  going  up  the  Uber. 

June  23d.     .     .     .     We  have  found  better  diggins 

6  have  moved  our  Long  Tom  there  (a  machine  for  wash- 
ing). .  .  .  We  are  joined  with  Mr.  Warren  &  Co. 
until  our  partners  get  back.  In  the  use  of  washers  that 
are  used  now  to  a  considerable  extent  it  requires  more 
help  than  with  a  cradle.  .  .  .  Men  now  resort  con- 
siderably to  stealing.  Rhodes  &  Spencer  Sayre  have  had 
stolen  from  them  about  $80  each.  I  saw  a  man  flogged 
a  few  days  ago  for  stealing  a  mule,  30  lashes  upon  his 
naked  back  were  put  on. 

No.  9.  Bear  River,  Cal.,  August  25th  1850. 

.  .  .  On  the  4th  of  July  we  dissolved  partnership 
&  Haynes,  Parker  &  myself  have  been  at  work  together 
ever  since.  ...  If  diggins  do  not  fail  us  we  shall 
probably  remain  about  two  months  longer  upon  this 
River  &  then  go  down  to  San  Francisco  &  fit  out  for  the 
southern  mines  &  hope  to  be  able  to  return  next  Spring. 
The  mining  districts  are  fast  filling  up  with  emi- 
grants who  have  just  come  in  from  the  States  across  the 
plains.  The  most  of  them  are  at  work  for  small  pay. 
some  for  little  more  than  their  board.     .     .     . 


370  HISTUkr    Ut    THE    TOtfN    Ut   SOUTHAMPTON 

We  have  heard  that  Capt.  Rogers  &  Wm.  Payne 
left  the  mines  for  the  States  more  than  a  month  since. 
Capt.  Ivdward  Halsey  &  E.  B.  Isham  met  with  an  acci- 
dent about  2  weeks  since  by  the  bursting  of  a  powder 
horn  containing  about  1  lb.  of  Powder.  .  .  .  Capt. 
Post,  Wm.  W  hite  &  John,  Geo.  Burnet,  Wm.  Penny, 
Wm.  Halsey,  Westhampton,  Stephen  Jagger  ik  J.  Cook 
are  well  I  believe.  .  .  .  Capt.  Parker  &  Son,  L. 
Howell,  the  Greens,  Geo.  White,  Geo.  Herrick  &c  &c 
are  on  the  Uber.  Thomas  Warren  started  for  San  Fran- 
cisco unwell  in  company  with  Mr.  Loper  &  D.  Smith. 
Rhodes  &  Capt.  Howell  went  soon  after.  .  .  .  Spen- 
cer is  at  Rough  &  Ready  diggins.  I  hope  a  fortune  will 
attend  him  for  his  perserverance.  .  .  .  We  have 
heard  that  the  dividend  from  the  Sabina  is  $350  pr 
share.  .  .  .  We  have  heard  that  [Capt.  Green]  has 
bought  the  ^a/m/a  that  cost  us  $8000  for  $1150.     .     .     . 

No.  10,  Bear  River,  Nov.  3d  1850. 

Haynes  &  Parker  left  for  the  southern 
mines  via  San  Francisco  about  the  middle  of  Sept.  T 
thought  it  too  early  for  dry  diggins  &  concluded  to  re- 
main. .  .  .  Soon  after  they  left  I  joined  with  Capt. 
Edward  W.  Halsey  &  E.  B.  Isham  &  we  have  since 
then  done  first  rate  &  have  now  concluded  to  spend  the 
winter  at  or  near  Grass  Valley.  .  .  .  Capt.  H.  has 
gone  over  to  Grass  Valley  to  cut  logs  with  which  to 
l3uild  a  house.  Isham  &  myself  are  going  in  a  few  days 
as  we  have  nearly  worked  out  our  claim  here.  The 
miners  have  nearly  all  left  the  River  except  some  few 
who  are  preparing  to  spend  the  winter  here.  It  is  get- 
ting too  cold  for  river  diggings  where  men  have  to  be 
wet  every  day. 

We  have  laid  in  a  part  of  a  winter's  supply  of  pro- 
visions to  the  amount  of  about  $300.  The  mule  that  we 
keep  for  packing,  together  with  the  saddle  &  Bridle  cost 
$156.  Hitherto  he  has  been  very  good  about  not  stray- 
ing awav  but  the  poor  fellow  came  very  nigh  being 
starved  by  getting  his  larriet  caught  between  two  large 
trees  that  had  blown  down.  \\'hen  I  found  him  he  had 
eaten  one  of  the  trees,  which  had  somewhat  decayed 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMFTON  377 

more  than  one  quarter  of  the  way  off.  The  tree  was  be- 
tween the  size  of  a  barrel  &  a  Hogshead.  We  could  not 
tell  how  long  he  had  been  fast  but  suppose  from  4  days 
to  a  week.  Now  we  generally  see  him  as  often  as  once 
in  two  days. 

My  valise  &  other  things  that  I  did  not  absolutely 
need  at  present  when  I  came  to  this  River  I  left  at  Capt. 
Posts  house  in  Grass  Valley.  The  house  after  Mr.  War- 
ren left  was  broken  open  twice  &  things  taken  away.  It 
was  said  to  be  Indians  but  I  think  very  likely  they  had 
white  faces.  .  .  .  Isham  has  been  there  recently  & 
says  that  my  valise  is  cut  open  &  he  thinks  every  thing 
taken  away  except  a  towel.  ...  I  sent  by  Capt. 
Post  for  a  few  things  from  the  ship  &  would  have  sent 
for  more  had  I  known  of  this  misfortune  before  he  left. 
The  Halseys  from  Canb  [?]  Geo.  Burnet,  ^^'m.  Penny, 
Spencer  Sayre,  Wm.  Topping,  Eli  Fordham.  Geo.  &  Plal- 
sey  Sayre,  Job  Hedges,  Capt.  Post,  Wm.  Plalsey,  Wt^i- 
hampton,  Thomas  Wallace  &  others  that  I  could  men- 
tion are  expecting  to  winter  around  Grass  Valley.  Geo. 
Herrick,  D.  Howell,  &  Pyrrhus  we  hear  have  returned. 
.  .  .  Capt.  Green  has  sold  the  Sabina  to  one  of 
"Johny  Bull's"  subjects. 

Centreville  Nov.  10.  .  .  .  We  have  been  at 
work  upon  our  house  ever  since  we  have  been  here.  It 
stands  within  10  rods  of  Capt.  Post's.  We  finished  it 
last  night.  It  is  13  by  15.  Two  small  windows  or  rather 
air  holes  which  are  made  so  small  that  a  man  cannot 
crawl  into  them.  A  chimney  with  stone  back  &  jambs 
&  sticks  &  mud  above.  Dirt  floor.  We  have  about  >4 
dozen  shelves  put  up — the  table,  benches  &  other  furni- 
ture we  shall  make  up  evenings  or  stormy  days.  We 
expect  to  go  to  work  tomorrow  throwing  up  dirt  ready 
to  wash.  The  house  has  not  cost  us  quite  $50  out  of 
pocket  &  we  think  we  shall  be  much  more  comfortable 
than  we  should  l)e  in  a  tent.  Our  work  will  probably  be 
a  mile  or  more  from  home  as  it  was  a  considerable  part 
of  the  time  during  the  summer.  We  had  a  hard  time 
packing  over.  For  the  first  3  or  4  miles  the  road  was 
rough  &  dangerous  &  we  had  the  mule  down  3  times, 
had  to  cut  the  pack  ropes  to  enable  him  to  get  up;    but 


iJ78  HISTORY    Of    THE    TOffN    OF    SOUTH  AM  FTON 

did  not  injure  him  any  as  he  lay  very  quiet  until  he  was 
relieved  from  his  burden.  Just  before  we  left  an  Indian 
&  white  man  were  shot  about  1>4  or  2  miles  from  us. 
The  white  man  received  the  Indian  into  his  tent  &  they 
drank  together.  He  became  tired  of  his  company  &  told 
him  to  "vamoise,"  but  he  would  not.  He  told  him  if  he 
did  not  he  would  shoot  him.  The  Indian  soon  began  to- 
move  off,  however,  &  the  white  man  drew  up  his  Rifle  & 
shot  him  dead.  He  then  endeavoured  to  make  his  es- 
cape; but  the  Indians  mustered  &  pursued  after  him  & 
killed  him.  It  is  astonishing  to  see  the  change  that  has 
taken  place  here  since  I  left  only  a  little  more  than  4 
months  since.  Then  perhaps  there  was  from  10  to  15 
houses  scattered  around  the  valley.  Now  I  think  it 
probable  that  there  is  between  100  &  150.  There  are 
two  9  pin  alleys  &  a  large  Hotel  &  grog  shops  &  stores 
in  abundance.  The  town  is  about  54  of  a  mile  from  our 
house  upon  the  opposite  side  of  the  valley  in  full  view. 
(In  regard  to  the  Greens  &  D.  Howell  I  have  heard  dif- 
ferently since  I  have  been  here.)  John  \\hite  &  Wm., 
together  witb  Charles  Howell  have  gone  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands  &  will  probably  go  upon  a  whaling  voyage 
if  they  can  get  an  opportunity.  ...  J.  Rogers  has 
started  in  business  in  Sanfrancisco.  I  found  my  things 
in  a  worse  condition  than  I  expected.  Almost  every- 
thing of  any  value  was  stolen,  your  miniature  &  all.  That 
I  feel  more  sorry  about  than  anything  else.  .  .  . 
The  Cholera  is  quite  prevalent  at  Sacramento  City  tak- 
ing off  as  its  victims  over  a  hundred  a  day  as  has  been 
reported  here.  .  .  .  The  citizens  have  been  fleeing 
for  some  time  in  almost  every  direction.     .     .     . 

No.  11.  San  Francisco,  Jan.  14th  1851. 

.  .  .  I  spent  the  night  with  Wm.  H.  Post  & 
Nathan  on  board  the  Dciicalia  &  thought  I  would  write 
this  morning  before  I  went  on  shore.  .  .  .  We  had 
a  severe  storm  one  night  &  a  tree  was  blown  down  upon 
a  house  in  which  four  men  resided.  One  was  killed, 
another  had  his  leg  fractured,  a  third  hurt  in  the  head 
considerably  &  the  fourth  escaped  unhurt.  A  few  days 
later  another  tree  that  stood  in  the  town  street  was  con- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOffN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  379 

sidered  unsafe  &  in  falling  it  pretty  much  demolished 
4  houses.  .  .  .  The  night  before  Christmas  a  ball 
was  held  in  town  &  kept  up  about  all  night;  as  rum 
went  in,  reason  went  out.  They  became  abusive  & 
quarrelsome  &  one  man  was  shot  dead  in  making  his 
escape  in  the  street.  We  heard  the  report  of  the  gun 
just  as  we  were  starting  to  work,  say  about  3^  hour  be- 
fore sunrise.  An  examination  was  had  but  nothing  done 
about  it.  Such  I  think  would  not  have  been  the  case 
before  laws  were  introduced,  While  the  miners  were  the 
lawmakers  &  law  executers.  .  .  .  Capt.  Babcock  of 
the  Marcus,  S.  H.  is  expecting  to  go  back  with  me.    .    .    . 

No.  12.  Centreville  Feb.  2d  1851. 

Our  little  company  of  3  is  dissolved  by  mu- 
tual consent.  Isham  goes  North  upon  Feather  River  in 
a  few  days  in  Co.  with  Capt.  Wm.  Post  &  Wm.  S.  Hal- 
sey  W.  H'n.  Capt.  Halsey  &  myself  continue  together  & 
are  expecting  to  spend  the  .summer  upon  Bear  River 
near  where  we  worked  last  season.  .  .  .  We  have 
heard  nothing  from  Stephen  Jagger  &  J.  Cook  since 
they  went  away  last.  Mr.  Petty,  Eli  Fordham,  &  John 
Marshall  have  gone  to  Indian  Creek  near  where  Pyrrhus 
left  last  fall.  Capt.  Sweeny,  Geo.  Burnet,  Wm.  Penny  & 
several  others  are  expecting  to  go  up  to  Feather  River. 
.•  .  .  I  don't  know  of  any  Long  Islanders  that  expect 
to  locate  upoo  Bear  River  but  Capt.  H.  &  myself.  The 
diggins  are  not  rich  enough  for  them.  .  .  .  A\'m.  M. 
Parker  .  .  .  left  in  the  early  part  of  winter  around 
Cape  Horn.  .  .  .  Next  fall  I  think  there  will  be  a 
thinning  out  for  the  States,  Gold  or  no  Gold.     ... 

To  close  up,  I'll  tell  you  that  I  got  kicked  twice  with 
our  scamp  of  a  mule  before  I  reached  Bear  River.  Once 
he  kicked  me  hard — one  foot  struck  me  in  the  hip  &  the 
other  in  the  side  &  hurt  me  considerably.  If  Capt.  H. 
.had  not  plead  in  his  behalf  I  think  he  would  have  been 
hurt  back  about  as  bad  for  after  the  second  kick  I  felt 
just  like  it.     .     .     . 

No.  13.         Steep  Canion— Bear  River,  March  30th.  18.S1. 
Here  we  are  in  an  almost  secluded  spot  in  a 


380  HISTORY    OF    THE    TOffN   Of   SOUTHAMFTON 

kind  of  wilderniss,  hemmed  in  with  mountains  &  forests 
that  a  short  time  a^o  were  inhabited  only  by  wild  beasts 
&  human  beings  scarcely  less  wild.  Since  I  have  intro- 
duced this  I  will  say  a  few  words  in  reference  to  the  na- 
tives. First  a  description  of  them  is  necessary.  In  size 
they  are  about  medium,  some  few  of  them  large  &  well 
proportioned,  in  colour  about  like  the  half-breeds  at  the 
south,  with  black  straight  hair  «&  low  foreheads.  Their 
living  consists  of  wild  game,  roots  &  nuts.  In  their 
habits  they  are  filthy  &  indolent.  Their  dress  now  is 
generally  of  American  style,  although  you  see  some  of 
them  entirely  naked.  It  is  thought  by  some  that  the  in- 
troduction of  clothing  among  them  will  be  the  means  of 
shortening  rather  than  prolonging  life  among  them. 
Their  ornaments  are  beads,  birds,  feathers  &  squirrel's 
tails.  The  ears  of  many  of  them  are  cut  &  huge  pieces 
of  wood  worn  as  ornaments.  From  the  top  of  their 
heads  as  low  as  their  breasts  you  see  them  daubed  over 
with  a  black  sticky  mixture  resembling  tar  as  much  as 
anything  you  can  imagine.  Some  think  this  is  done 
upon  mourning  occasions.  The  men  are  very  expert 
with  the  bow  &  arrow  &  I  have  seen  them  at  quite  a  dis- 
tance from  the  object  shoot  with  great  precision.  The 
arrow  is  made  of  a  piece  of  reed,  with  stone  or  glass 
points  made  very  sharp.  I  bought  one  that  I  intended 
to  take  home  with  me  but  it  has  been  stolen. 

A  few  words  now  in  regard  to  our  location,  manner 
of  living  &c  may  be  as  interesting,  as  to  lengthen  out 
the  story  of  the  Indians.  Well,  \wq  are  located  within  40 
Rods  of  the  place  where  we  struck  our  tent  last  fall.  We 
have  a  tier  of  logs  rolled  up,  enclosing  a  space  about  as 
large  as  a  common  sized  pig  pen,  one  end  of  which  an- 
swers (with  a  few  large  stones  laid  up  against  the  logs) 
for  a  fire-place  &  the  other  to  spread  down  quilts,  blank- 
ets &c  to  sleep  upon  &  in  the  morning  roll  them  up  out 
of  the  way.  The  intermediate  space  is  for  provisions, 
cooking  apparatus  &c.  The  roof  is  an  old  tent  sus- 
pended over  the  ridge  pole  &  naild  to  the  logs  upon  the 
sides.  It  smokes  prodigiously  sometimes.  Our  living 
now  we  think  to  be  pretty  good.  Our  bill  of  fare  is  as 
follows,  Home  made  l^read  as  good  as  the  best.     It  is 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOHN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  381 

made  of  yeast,  flour  &  a  little  salt  &  grease.  It  is 
kneaded  up  early  in  the  morning  &  baked  in  an  iron 
kettle  at  night  &  is  nearly  as  light  as  a  cork.  I  believe 
I  can  make  as  good  bread  as  you  now.  I  wont  say  any 
thing  about  competing  with  mother.  Well,  we  some'- 
times  have  fresh  venison  or  beef  which  is  quite  a  relief 
from  the  monotonous  salt  junk  style  of  living.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  we  have  porridge  occasionally  &  now  & 
then  we  have  boiled  potatoes  or  dried  apples  stewed,  for 
sauce.  Any  &  all,  all  these  we  relish  with  a  good  appe- 
tite, particularly  after  a  "big"  day's  work.  The  molasses 
I  almost  forgot  to  mentiqn  which  is  a  very  good  substi- 
tute for  sweetmeats,  done  up  in  real  old  fashioned  Yan- 
kee style.  We  have  a  barrel  that  we  owned  in  Co.  with 
Capt.  Post  &  5  or  7  others,  for  which  we  paid  in  gold 
dust  $100.  This  we  laid  in  last  fall  &  is  now  nearly 
gone.  Provisions  are  selling  now  much  cheaper  than 
formerly  &  as  competition  increases  &  mining  becomes 
less  profitable,  prices  will  go  down  until  they  are  upon  a 
par  value  with  other  things.  Our  River  diggins  have 
proved  better  than  we  expected  when  we  commenced 
them.  .  .  .  There  at  present  located  within  a  y^  oi 
a  mile  of  us,  nearly  50  men;  among  them  is  Capt. 
Sweeny,  John  Harrison,  Edward  Foster  &  Geo.  Shaw 
Job  Hedges  &  Spencer  Sayre  are  about  a  mile  above. 
.  .  .  We  have  heard  from  Capt.  Post  &  Isham  once 
since  they  left.  They  were  located  upon  Indian  Creek. 
.  .  .  Geo.  White,  Eh  Fordham,  John  Marshall  &c  are 
near  them.  The  City  of  Nevada  has  been  pretty  much 
burned  down;  also  large  amount  of  goods.  I  have  not 
heard  whether  Wm.  French  lost  anything  by  it  or  not.' 
Capt.  Babcock,  Thos.  Wallace  &  Erastus  Glover,  Thos. 
Glover's  brother  are  still  at  Grass  Valley.  I  have  been 
gardening  a  little  this  spring  in  a  small  way.  .  .  . 
Capt.  Halsey  says  that  if  you  see  his  Wife  soon  you  must 
tell  her  that  he  is  "fat,  ragged  &  saucy  &  can  eat  his 
allowance  without  any  dif^culty." 

No.  14.  Bear  River  May  4th  1851. 

.     .     there    must    be    several    [letters]    for    me 

somewhere.    I  don't  believe  the  express  carriers  interest 


382  HISTORY    OF    THt    TUH'N    Ut  SUUTHAMFTUN 

themselves  except  so  far  as  pecuniary  advantages  are 
concerned  &  these  ought  not  to  be  considered  trithng  for 
I  have  several  times  paid  as  high  as  $2.40  per  letter  & 
I  think  never  less  than  $2.00.  .  .  .  Saml  B.  Halsey 
&  H.  Corwithe  from  Deer  Creek  staid  with  us  on  Mon- 
day night  last,  they  report  the  death  of  Capt.  James 
Parker  who  died  suddenly  on  the  29th  of  April  at  Indian 
Creek  of  what  disease  they  know  not.  How  our  num- 
bers are  thinned  ofif  by  death  leaving  wives  &  children 
to  mourn  the  loss. 

No.  15.  Bear  River  Sept.  28th  1851. 

It  will  be  three  weeks  tomorrow  since  Capt.  Halsey 
&  his  companions  left  here  for  home.  .  .  .  There  is 
a  tremendous  rush  for  home  this  fall,  almost  as  great 
as  in  1849  &  50  to  get  out  here.  Reports  are  in  circula- 
tion here  that  tickets  for  N.  York  are  $300  &  I  with 
many  others  have  made  up  my  mind  to  stay  until  spring. 
If  I  get  very  homesick  perhaps  I  may  take  a 
sailing  vessel.  In  either  case  I  shall  probably  write  you 
from  San  Francisco. 

Oct.  5th  1851. 
if  you  can  give  me  any  information  about 
those  who  have  taken  the  new  route  home  I  should  be 
glad.     I  mean  Vanderbelts  via  Lake  Nicaragua,  how  it 
compares  with  the  land  transit  by  Panama. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH^N  Of  SOUTHAMPTON  383 

APPENDIX  XX 
CAPT.  MERCATOR  COOPER'S  VOYAGE  TO  JAPAN 

(By  F.  C.  Winslow,  M.  D.,  published  in  the  "Sea- 
men's Friend,"  of  Honolulu,  Oahu,  S.  L,  Feb.  2,  1846. 
Vol.  IV,  No.  3.  Dr.  Winslow,  who  received  this  story 
from  Capt.  Cooper's  own  mouth,  said  that  it  might  be 
wholly  relied  upon  for  truthfulness.) 

"It  was  about  the  first  of  April  (1845)  as  Capt.  Coo- 
per was  proceeding  toward  the  whaling  regions  of  the 
northern  ocean,  that  he  passed  in  the  neighborhood  of 
St.  Peter's  a  small  island  lying  a  few  degrees  S.  E.  of 
Nippon.  It  was  comparatively  barren  and  supposed  to 
be  uninhabited;  but  being  near  it,  Capt.  Cooper  thought 
he  would  explore  the  shore  for  turtle  to  afford  his  ship's 
company  some  refreshment. 

"Vv  hile  tracing  the  shore  along  he  discovered  a 
pinnace  of  curious  construction  which  resembled  some- 
what those  he  had  seen  in  the  China  Seas. 

"Turning  his  walks  inlands  he  entered  a  valley, 
where  he  unexpectedly  saw,  at  some  distance  from  him, 
several  persons  in  uncouth  dresses,  who  appeared 
alarmed  at  his  intrusion,  and  immediately  fled  to  some 
more  secluded  part  of  the  valley.  He  continued  his  walk 
and  soon  came  to  a  hut,  where  were  collected  eleven 
men,  whom  he  afterward  found  to  be  Japanese.  As  he 
approached  them,  they  came  forward  and  prostrated 
themselves  to  the  earth  before  him,  and  remained  on 
their  faces  some  time.  They  were  much  alarmed  and 
expected  to  be  destroyed,  but  Capt.  Cooper,  with  great 
kindness  reconciled  them  to  his  presence,  and  learned 
by  signs  that  they  had  been  shipwrecked  on  St.  Peter's 
many  months  before.  He  took  them  to  the  shore, 
pointed  to  his  vessel  and  informed  them  that  he  would 
take  them  to  Jeddo,  if  they  would  entrust  themselves  to 
his  care.  They  consented  with  great  joy;  and  abandon- 
ing everything  they  had  on  the  island,  embarked  with 
him  immediately  for  his  ship. 


384  HISTORY    UF    THE    TO  UN    OF   SOUTHAMPTON 

"Capt.  Cooper  deterniined  to  proceed  at  once  for 
Jeddo,  the  capital  of  the  Japanese  r.mpire.  notwithstand- 
ing its  well-known  regulations  prohiljiting  American  and 
other  foreign  vessels  to  enter  its  waters.  The  Captain 
had  two  great  and  laudable  objects  in  view.  The  first 
was  to  restore  the  shipwrecked  strangers  to  their  homes. 
The  other  was  to  make  a  strong  and  favorable  impres- 
sion on  the  government,  in  respect  to  the  civilization  of 
the  United  States,  and  its  friendly  disposition  to  the  Em- 
peror and  people  of  Japan.  How  he  succeeded  in  the 
latter  object  the  sequel  will  show;  and  I  will  make  but 
few  remarks  either  on  the  benevolence  or  boldness  of 
Capt.  Cooper's  resolution,  or  its  ultimate  consecjuence 
touching  the  intercourse  of  Japan  with  other  nations. 
The  step  decided  upon  however,  has  led  to  some  curious 
and  interesting  information  relative  to  the  country, 
whose  institutions  and  the  habits  of  whose  people  are 
but  little  known  to  the  civilized  world. 

"Capt.  Cooper  left  St.  Peter's,  and  after  sailing  a 
day  or  two  in  the  direction  of  Nippon,  he  descried  a  huge 
and  shapeless  object  on  the  ocean,  which  proved  to  be  a 
Japanese  ship  or  'junk'  as  these  vessels  are  called, 
wrecked  and  in  a  sinking  condition.  She  was  from  a  port 
on  the  extreme  north  of  Nippon,  with  a  cargo  of  pickled 
salmon,  bound  for  Jeddo.  She  had  been  shattered  and 
dismantled  some  weeks  previous,  and  was  drifting  about 
the  ocean  at  the  mercy  of  the  winds,  and,  as  a  gale  arose 
the  following  day,  the  Captain  thinks  she  must  have 
sunk.  From  this  ship  he  took  eleven  men  more — all 
Japanese — and  made  sail  again  for  the  shores  of  Nippon. 
Among  the  articles  taken  from  the  wreck  by  its  officers, 
were  some  books  and  a  chart  of  the  principal  islands 
composing  the  Empire  of  Japan.  This  chart  I  shall 
speak  of  in  detail,  hereafter;  and  it  is,  perhaps,  one  of 
the  most  interesting  specimens  of  geographical  art  and 
literature  which  has  ever  wandered  from  the  shores  of 
Eastern  Asia. 

"In  making  the  land,  our  navigator  found  himself 
considera1)ly  to  the  north  of  Jeddo;  but  approaching 
near  the  coast,  he  landed  in  his  boat,  accompanied  by  one 
or  two  of  his  passengers.     Here  he  noticed  many  of  the 


HISTORY  Of  THE   TOIVN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  385 

inhabitants  employed  in  fishing  at  various  distances  from 
land.  The  natives  he  met  on  shore  were  mostly  fisher- 
men, and  all  appeared  to  belong  to  the  common  or  lower 
classes  of  society.  They  seemed  intelligent  and  happy, 
were  pleased  with  his  visit  and  made  no  objection  to 
his  landing. 

"From  this  place  he  dispatched  one  of  his  pas.'^en- 
gers  to  the  Emperor,  who  was  at  Jeddo,  with  the  intelli- 
gence of  his  intention  or  wish,  to  enter  the  harbor  of  the 
Capital  with  his  ship,  for  the  purpose  of  landing  the  men 
whom  he  had  found  under  such  distressing  circum- 
stances, and  to  obtain  water  and  other  necessaries  to 
enable  him  to  proceed  on  his  voyage.  He  then  returned 
to  his  ship,  and  sailing  along  the  coast  for  many  leagues, 
compared  his  own  charts  with  the  one  taken  from  the 
wreck.  The  winds  becoming  unfavorable,  however,  he 
was  driven  away  from  the  land  so  far,  that  after  they 
changed,  it  took  him  a  week  to  recover  a  position  near 
the  place  where  he  first  landed. 

"He  went  on  shore  again,  dispatched  two  other  pas- 
sengers to  the  Capital  with  the  same  information  that  he 
had  previously  sent,  and  the  reasons  of  his  detention. 

"He  sailed  again  for  Jeddo  and  the  winds  proving 
auspicious,  in  due  time  he  entered  the  mouth  of  the  bay, 
deep  within  which  the  city  is  situated. 

"As  he  sailed  along  the  passage  a  barge  met  him 
coming  from  the  city,  in  command  of  a  person  who,  from 
his  rich  dress,  appeared  to  be  an  officer  of  rank  and 
consequence. 

"This  personage  informed  him  that  his  messenger 
had  arrived  at  court,  and  that  the  Emperor  had  granted 
him  permission  to  come  up  to  Jeddo  with  his  ship.  He 
was.  however,  directed  to  anchor  under  a  certain  head- 
land for  the  night,  and  the  next  morning  was  towed  up 
to  his  anchorage  within  a  furlong  of  the  city. 

"The  ship  was  immediately  visited  by  a  great  num- 
ber of  people  of  all  ranks,  from  the  Governor  of  Jeddo 
and  the  high  officers  attached  to  the  person  of  the  Em- 
peror, arrayed  in  golden  and  gorgeous  tunics,  to  the 
lowest  menials  of  the  government,  clothed  in  rags.  All 
were  filled  with  an  insatiable  curiosity  to  see  the  Strang- 


386  HISTORY    OF    THE    TOlfN    OF   SOUTHAMFTOS 

ers,  and  inspect  the  thousand  novelties  presented  to 
their  Niew. 

"Capt.  Cooper  was  very  soon  informed  by  a  native 
interpreter  who  had  been  taiii^ht  Diilch.  and  who  could 
speak  a  few  words  of  English,  Imt  who  could  talk  still 
more  intelligently  by  signs,  that  neither  he  or  his  crew 
would  be  allowed  to  go  out  of  the  ship,  and  that  if  they 
should  attempt  it,  they  would  be  put  to  death.  This 
fact  was  communicated  by  the  very  significant  symbol 
of  drawing  a  naked  sword  across  the  throat. 

"The  Captain  dealt  kindly  with  all.  obtained  their 
confidence,  and  assured  them  he  had  no  inclination  to 
transgress  their  laws.  l)ut  only  desired  to  make  known 
to  the  Emperor  and  the  great  officers  of  Japan,  the 
kindly  feelings  of  himself  and  the  people  of  America 
toward  them  and  their  countrymen. 

"The  Japanese  seamen  who  had  been  taken  from 
the  desolate  island,  and  from  the  wreck,  when  parting 
from  their  preserver,  manifested  the  warmest  affection 
and  gratitude  for  his  kindness.  They  clung  to  him  and 
shed  many  tears.  The  scene,  the  report  of  the  ship- 
wrecked men,  of  the  many  kindnesses  they  had  received 
— and  the  uniformly  prudent  and  amicable  deportment 
of  the  American  captain  made  a  very  favorable  impres- 
sion on  the  Governor  of  Jeddo.  During  his  stay  this 
great  dignitary  treated  him  with  the  most  distinguished 
civility  and  kindness. 

"But  neither  Captain  or  crew  of  the  Manhattan 
were  allowed  to  go  o\er  her  side.  Officers  were  kept  on 
board  continually  to  prevent  any  infraction  of  this  regu- 
lation, and  the  more  securely  to  insure  its  maintenance, 
and  prevent  all  communication  with  the  shore,  the  ship 
was  surrounded  and  guarded  by  three  circular  barriers 
of  boats.  Each  circle  was  about  one  hundred  feet  asun- 
vler,  and  the  inner  one  about  one  hundred  feet  from  the 
^hip.  In  the  first  circle  the  boats  were  tied  to  a  hawser 
so  compactly  that  their  sides  touched  each  other,  and 
that  nothing  could  pass  between  or  break  through  them. 
The  sterns  of  the  boats  were  next  the  ship,  and  in  these 
were  erected  long  lances,  and  other  steel  weapons  of 
various  and   curious  forms,   such   as   are  never  seen   or 


HISTUKY  UF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  387 

heard  of  among  European  nations.  Sometimes  they 
were  covered  with  lacquered  sheaths,  at  others  they 
were  left  to  glisten  in  the  sun,  apparently  for  the  pur- 
pose of  informing  the  foreigners  that  their  application 
would  follow  any  attempt  to  pass  them.  Among  these 
were  mingled  flags  and  banners  of  various  colors  and 
devices. 

"In  the  middle  of  this  circle,  between  the  Manhat- 
tan and  the  city,  was  stationed  a  large  junk,  in  which 
the  officers  resided,  who  commanded  the  guard  sur- 
rounding the  ship.  The  boats  composing  the  second 
circle  were  not  so  numerous,  and  those  in  the  third  were 
more  scattered  still;  but  the  number  thus  employed 
was  almost  bewildering  to  look  upon.  They  amounted 
to  nearly  a  thousand,  and  were  all  armed  and  orna-' 
mented  in  a  similar  manner. 

'Tt  was  a  scene  of  the  most  intense  interest  and 
amusement  to  the  Americans,  the  most  of  whom  had 
never  heard  of  the  strange  custom  of  this  secluded  and 
almost  unknown  people.  As  magnificent  and  wonderful 
a  spectacle,  however,  as  this  vast  array  of  boats  pre- 
sented during  the  day,  decorated  with  gaudy  banners 
and  with  glittering  spears,  in  the  night  it  was  exceeded 
by  a  display  of  lanterns  in  such  countless  numbers,  and 
of  such  shapes  and  transparencies,  as  almost  to  entrance 
the  beholders,  and  to  remind  them  of  the  magic  in  the 
Arabian  Tales. 

"The  character  and  rigor  of  the  guard  stationed  about 
the  ship  was  at  one  time  accidentally  put  to  a  test. 

"The  Captain  wishing  to  repair  one  of  his  boats 
attempted  to  lower  it  from  the  cranes  to  the  water,  in 
order  to  take  it  in  over  the  vessel's  side.  All  of  the  Jap- 
anese  on  board  immediately  drew  their  swords.  The 
officer  in  charge  of  the  deck  guard  appeared  greatly 
alarmed  at  the  procedure,  remonstrated  kindly,  but  with 
great  earnestness  against  it,  and  declared  to  Capt.  Coo- 
per that  they  should  be  slain  if  they  permitted  it.  and 
that  his  own  head  would  be  in  danger,  if  he  persisted 
in  the  act.  The  Captain  assured  the  officer  that  he  had 
no  intention  to  go  ashore  and  explained  to  him  clearly 
what   his   object   was.     When   it   was   fully  understood 


a88  HiaruKY  ut  the  vutrN  uf  south  am  noN 

great  pleasure  was  manifested  by  the  Japanese  officer. 
He  commanded  the  crew  who  were  managing  the  boat 
to  leave  it  and  set  a  host  of  his  menials  to  the  work, 
who  took  it  into  the  ship  without  allowing  it  to  touch 
the  water. 

"The  Manhattan  was  at  anchor  in  the  harbor  of 
Japan  for  four  da}^s  during  which  time  the  Captain 
was  supplied  by  command  of  the  Emperor  with  wood, 
wa'ter,  rice,  rye  in  the  grain,  vegetables  of  various  kinds, 
and  some  crockery  composed  of  the  lacquered  ware  of 
the  country.  He  was  recruited  with  everything  he 
stood  in  need,  and  all  remuneration  was  refused.  But 
he  was  told  explicitly  never  to  come  again  to  Japan, 
for  if  he  did,  he  would  greatly  displease  the  Emperor. 
During  the  four  days  he  had  many  conversations  with 
the  Governor,  and  other  persons  of  rank,  through  their 
interpreter.  In  one  of  these  he  was  informed  by  the 
Governor  that  the  only  reason  he  was  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  waters  of  Japan  was  because  the  Emperor  felt 
assured  that  he  could  not  be  a  bad-hearted  foreigner, 
by  his  having  come  so  far  out  of  his  way  to  bring  poor 
persons  to  their  native  country,  who  were  wholly 
strangers  to  him.  He  was  told  that  the  Emperor 
thought  well  of  his  'heart'  and  had  consequently  com- 
manded all  his  officers  to  treat  him  wMth  marked  at- 
tention, and  to  supply  all  his  wants.  The  day  before  he 
left  the  Emperor  sent  him  his  autograph,  as  the  most 
notable  token  of  his  own  respect  and  consideration.  It 
is  often  said  that  the  greatest  men  are  most  careless  in 
their  chirography,  and  in  this  case  the  imperial  hand 
would  support  the  truth  of  the  remark,  by  the  size,  the 
boldness  of  its  characters,  appeared  as  if  a  half-grown 
chicken  had  stepped  into  muddy  water  and  then  walked 
two  or  three  times  deliberately  over  a  sheet  of  coarse 
paper,  than  like  any  other  ])rint  to  which  I  can  imagine 
a  resemblance. 

"Among  the  books  taken  from  the  wreck  was  a 
small  one  in  the  form  like  a  note  book,  filled  with  fig- 
ures of  various  and  eccentric  forms,  and  pictures  of 
spears  and  battle-axes  of  strange  and  anomalous  pat- 
terns.    Under  each  were  characters,  probably  explana- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  389 

tory  of  the  objects  attached  to  them.  Both  figure  and 
character  were  neatly  and  beautifully  executed,  and 
they  presented  the  appearance  of  having  been  issued 
from  a  press  of  type  copper  plate  like  the  plates  of  as- 
tronomical and  other  scientific  works.  This  little  book 
attracted  Capt.  Cooper's  attention,  and  excited  his  cur- 
iosity to  such  a  degree,  that,  after  noticing  similar  fig- 
ures embroidered  in  gold  on  the  tunics  of  the  high  of- 
ficers, he  ventured  to  inquire  their  explanation.  He 
then  learned  that  it  was  a  kind  of  an  illustration  of  the 
heraldry  of  the  Empire — a  record  of  the  armorial  en- 
signs of  the  different  ranks  of  officers  and  the  nobility 
existing  in  the  country.  Capt.  Cooper  allowed  me  to 
examine  this  book,  and  it  appeared  to  me  to  be  a  great 
curiosity,  both  as  a  specimen  of  typographical  art,  and 
giving  us  information  of  the  numerous  grades  of  Jap- 
anese aristocracy,  and  the  insignia  by  which  they  may 
be  distinguished.  These  figures  were  wrought  always 
on  the  back  of  the  officer's  tunic,  and  the  weapon  which 
appertained  to  his  rank  corresponded  with  the  one 
drawn  under  the  ensign  in  the  book  alluded  to.  Each 
grade  of  officer  commanded  a  body  of  men  whose 
weapons  were  of  a  particular  and  given  shape,  and 
those  weapons  were  used  by  no  others  under  an  officer 
of  different  grade,  or  wearing  a  different  badge  on  his 
tunic. 

"In  conversation  with  the  Governor,  when  the  lat- 
ter told  our  navigator  that  he  must  never  come  to 
Japan  again,  Capt.  Cooper  asked  him  how  he  would  like 
him  to  act  under  the  same  circumstances.  The  Gov- 
ernor was  somewhat  disconcerted — shrugged  his  shoul- 
ders— and  evaded  by  replying  that  'he  must  not  come 
again!'  Capt.  Cooper  then  asked  him  Tf  he  should 
leave  his  countrymen  to  starve  or  drown,  when  it  was 
in  his  power  to  take  them  from  another  wreck?'  He 
intimated  that  it  would  please  the  Emperor  more  for 
them  to  be  left  than  for  strangers  to  visit  his  dominions. 
Capt.  Cooper  told  him  that  he  would  never  see  them 
drown  or  starve,  but  should  rescue  them  and  feed  them; 
and  then  inquired  what  he  should  do  with  them.  The 
Governor  replied  'carry  them  to  some  Dutch  port,  but 


390  HISTORY    Ot    THE    TOH'N   Of  SOUTHAMFTON 

never  come  to  Japan  again.'  This  was  all  spoken  by  the 
Governor  with  mildness  l»nt  with  firnmess  also,  as  if 
he  uttered  the  imperial  will.  The  Governor  of  Jeddo 
is  represented  to  be  a  grave  and  elderly  looking  man, 
somwhat  grey,  with  a  remarkably  intelligent  and  be- 
nignant countenance  and  of  very  mild  and  prepossess- 
ing manners.  He  appeared  interested  with  Capt.  Coo- 
per's account  of  the  people  and  civilization  of  America, 
and  the  latter  spared  no  pains  to  leave  a  good  impres- 
sion of  the  American  name  and  character,  especially  as 
a  trading  people,  on  the  minds  of  those  high  officers 
whose  position  might  carry  them  into  audience  with 
their  sovereign. 

■'The  day  Capt.  Cooper  left  the  country  the  inter- 
preter gave  him  an  open  letter  written  in  the  Dutch 
language,  with  a  bold  and  skillful  hand — Mr.  Lingren, 
the  clerk  in  the  Consulate,  a  gentleman  learned  in  many 
languages  of  Northern  l^lurope,  has  translated  it.  and 
stated  to  me  the  leading  ideas  contained  therein.  The 
document  informs  the  world  that  the  bearer  of  it  has 
furnished  assistance  to  Japanese  sailors  in  distress,  and 
had  brought  them  to  their  native  land — and  then  coiu 
mands  all  Dutchmen,  who  may  encounter  him  ship- 
wrecked and  in  want,  to  afford  him  similar  services.  It 
further  declares  for  the  information  of  Holland  and 
China,  the  only  nations  in  the  world  with  which  they 
have  any  commercial  treaty,  or  who  are  allowed  within 
the  waters  of  the  Empire,  that  the  persons  within  the 
foreign  ship  had  been  allowed  no  communication  with 
the  shore,  and  had  been  strictly  debarred  from  all 
knowledge  of  the  commodities  or  commerce  of  the 
country.  Furthermore,  that  the  foreign  ship  had  been  a 
long  time  at  sea,  and  become  destitute  of  wood,  water 
and  provisions,  and  that  the  government  had  furnished 
the  recruits  of  which  she  was  in  need. 

"It  was  early  in  y\pril  when  Capt.  Cooper  visited 
Japan;  and  he  represents  the  climate  and  appearance  of 
the  countr)'  to  be  pleasant  and  lovely  in  the  extreme. 
Wherever  he  inspected  the  coast,  the  whole  earth 
teemed  with  the  most  luxurious  verdure.  Every  acre 
of  hill  and  dale  appeared  to  be  in  the  highest  state  of 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  391 

cultivation.  Where  the  eminences  were  too  steep  for 
cultivation,  for  the  agricultural  genius  of  the  inhabi- 
tants, they  were  formed  into  terraces,  so  that  for  miles 
together,  they  presented  the  appearance  of  hanging 
gardens. 

"Numerous  white,  neat-looking  dwellings  studded 
the  whole  country.  Some  of  them  were  so  charmingly 
situated  on  sloping  hillsides,  and  sequestered  amidst 
foliage  of  a  fresh  and  living  green,  that  the  delighted 
mariners  almost  sighed  to  transplant  their  homes  there 
— the  spots  were  so  sunny,  so  inviting,  so  peaceful.  The 
whole  appearance  of  the  landscape  indicated  a  denre 
and  industrious  population.  Around  the  Capital,  the 
signs  of  culture  were  exhibited  as  in  the  country  further 
north. 

"The  city,  itself,  was  so  filled  with  trees  and  foliage, 
that  not  houses  enough  could  be  distinguished  to  indi- 
cate with  certainty  that  a  city  existed,  or  to  allow  the 
circuit  of  it  to  be  defined.  The  buildings  were  white 
and  rather  low.  and  no  towers  or  temples  were  seen 
peering  above  the  other  edifices. 

"The  harbor  of  Jeddo  presented  a  maritime  pop- 
ulation as  numerous  and  industrious  as  appears  to  exist 
on  the  land.  Vessels  of  all  sorts  and  sizes,  from  mere 
shallops  to  immense  junks,  were  under  sail  or  at  anchor, 
wherever  the  eye  turned  on  the  bay.  Jeddo  seemed  to 
be  the  mart  of  a  prodigious  coastwise  commerce,  and 
the  whole  sea  was  alive  with  the  bustle  and  activity  ap- 
pertaining to  it. 

"The  Japanese,  from  Capt.  Cooper's  observations, 
are  rather  a  short  race  of  men,  square  built  and  solid 
and  do  not  possess  Mongolian  features  to  the  extent 
exhibited  in  the  Chinese.  They  are  of  a  light  olive 
complexion,  are  intelligent,  polite  and  educated. 

"The  dresses  of  the  common  people  were  wide 
trousers  and  a  loose  garment  of  blue  cotton.  Digni- 
taries and  persons  of  consequence  were  clothed  in  rich 
silks,  profusely  embroidered  with  gold  and  silken  thread 
of  various  colors. 

"Some  of  these  personages  were  so  splendidly  at- 
tired, as  to  excite  the  great  admiration  of  the  foreign 


392  HIHTURY    Ot    THE    TUH'N   OF  SOUTHAMnoN 

visitors.  No  woolen  fabric  composed  any  part  of  their 
tunic,  but  of  this  material  they  seemed  particularly  cur- 
ious, and  examined  it  with  great  attention.  It  seemed 
a  great  no\  elty,  and  all  the  small  pieces  they  could  ob- 
tain were  solicited  and  taken  on  shore  as  objects  of 
curiosity. 

"But  the  map  of  which  I  spoke  in  the  early  part  of 
this  communication  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting illustrations  of  Japanese  ci\ilization  which  has 
come  into  our  possession.  It  embraces  the  island  of 
Nippon,  all  the  islands  south  of  it,  and  a  small  part  of 
Jeddo  on  the  north.  It  is  four  feet  long,  and  nearly  as 
broad,  and  when  folded  up  reseml)les  a  common  church 
music  book,  handsomely  bound  in  boards.  As  will  be 
perceived,  the  islands  are  projected  on  an  uncommonly 
large  scale,  the  minutest  indentations  in  the  coast,  with 
all  the  trading  ports,  large  and  small,  are  laid  down, 
apparently  after  actual  surveys.  Capt.  Cooper  found 
the  coast  which  he  followed  to  be  correctly  delineated 
by  his  astronomical  observations,  and  his  own  charts 
of  Nippon  were  altogether  erroneous.  The  tracks  of 
the  coast-wise  trade  are  traced  throughout  the  whole' 
group,  from  Jesso  to  Nagasaki.  But  the  most  interest- 
ing part  of  this  production  is  the  topography  of  the  in- 
terior of  the  islands.  They  are  laid  out  in  districts  and 
variously  colored,  like  the  states  in  our  Republic,  in 
Mitchell's  map.  The  smallest  villages  are  denoted  and 
named.  The  residence  of  the  governor  in  each  district, 
and  other  public  establishments  occupying  less  ground 
are  also  delineated.  They  are  all  in  enclosures  of  differ- 
ent shape  and  coloring,  and  from  the  uniformity  of  these 
in  appearance  and  number,  in  every  district,  we  may 
suppose  that  the  administration  of  the  government  of 
Japan,  is  conducted  with  great  system. 

"This  is  in  accordance  with  our  previous  knowledge 
of  the  country.  The  rivers,  even  their  smallest  tribu- 
taries are  all  traced  to  their  sources.  The  number  and 
extent  of  these  streams  is  surprising.  No  country  of 
its  size  can  be  more  abundently  watered  than  Nippon. 
The  streams  are  so  numerous,  that  the  whole  interior 
has  the  appearance  of  being  irrigated  by  countless  ca- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMPTON  393 

nals,  but  they  are  evidently  river  channels,  and  can  all 
be  follov^ed  from  their  sources  in  the  valleys  to  their 
junction  with  each  other  and  their  termination  in  the 
sea.  The  public  roads  are  exceedingly  numerous,  in- 
tersecting the  whole  country  from  shore  to  shore,  and 
indicating  a  vast  amount  of  travel  throughout  the  em- 
pire. In  several  parts,  high  mountains  are  laid  down 
in  dark  coloring.  These  occur  occasionally  in  smr.ll 
groups  and  occupy  but  little  space.  The  general  ap- 
pearance of  the  country  is  that  of  bold  and  lofty  hills 
alternating  with  great  numbers  of  broad  valleys.  All 
pour  forth  rills  and  fertilize  the  earth  as  they  flow 
along,  and  afford  a  thousand  advantages  and  encourage- 
ments to  an  industrious  population  engaged  like  the 
Japanese  in  agriculture  and  commercial  arts.  The 
whole  empire  swarms  with  towns  and  hamlets.  It  is 
almost  impossible  to  conceive  its  populousness  without 
an  inspection  of  the  map. 

"On  one  side  of  the  sheet  is  a  lafge  amount  of  un- 
intelligible writing  which  appears  to  be  explanatory 
of  the  figures,  characters,  roads,  etc.,  delineated  in  the 
different  districts  on  the  map.  If  interpreted,  it  might 
furnish  us  with  much  novel  information. 

"This  map,  with  several  other  articles  in  Capt. 
Cooper's  possession,  was  accidentally  left  in  the  ship  by 
the  Japanese.  They  desired  to  give  him  many  things 
which  they  perceived  were  interesting  to  him,  but  they 
assured  him  they  would  be  in  danger  of  losing  their 
heads  should  the  Emperor  learn  that  they  had  furnished 
strangers  with  any  means  of  information  relative  to 
their  country  or  its  institutions.  They  "showed  great 
and  real  alarm  on  this  subject  and  concealed  and  de- 
stroyed many  things  as  they  neared  Jeddo,  which  had 
been  about  the  ship.  Capt.  Cooper  took  no  advantage 
of  their  dependent  situation,  but  allowed  them  to  fol- 
low their  own  inclinations  in  all  respects. 

"Having  laid  at  anchor  for  four  days  and  replen- 
ished his  stores  of  wood,  water,  etc.,  he  signified  his 
readiness  to  depart,  but  the  winds  were  adverse,  and  ii 
was  impossible  for  him  to  get  to  sea.  There  seemed  to 
be    no    disposition    manifested    by    the    government    to 


394  HISTORY    OF   THE    TOU'N    OF  SOUTH  AM  FTON 

force  him  away,  but  there  was  none  for  him  to  remain 
a  moment  beyond  the  time  when  his  wants  had  been 
satisfied.  A  head  wind  and  the  tide  presented  no  im- 
pediments to  going  away  from  Japan,  in  the  mind  of 
the  Governor  of  Jeddo.  At  his  command,  the  anclior 
was  weighed,  and  a  Hne  of  boats  was  attached  to  the 
bow  of  the  ship,  so  long  that  they  could  not  be  num- 
bered. They  were  arranged  four  abreast,  proceeded 
in  the  greatest  order,  and  were  supposed  to  amount  to 
nearly  a  thousand.  It  was  an  immense  train,  and  pre- 
sented a  spectacle  to  the  eyes  of  the  seamen,  approach- 
ing the  marvelous. 

"The  boats,  instead  of  being  propelled  by  rowing, 
or  paddle,  were  all  sculled  by  a  single  oar,  employed, 
however,  by  several  men.  In  this  manner  the  Manhat- 
tan was  towed  twenty  miles  out  to  sea,  and  the  officer 
in  charge  of  the  fleet  would  have  taken  her  a  greater 
distance,  had  not  further  aid  been  declined. 

"The  Japanese  then  took  a  courteous  leave  of  Capt. 
Cooper,  and  while  the  long  train  of  barges  wheeled  with 
a  slow  and  graceful  motion  toward  the  shore,  the  Capt. 
spread  his  sails  for  the  less  hospitable  regions  of  Kams- 
chatka  and  the  N.  W.  coast,  highly  gratified  with  the 
result  of  his  adventure  among  this  recluse,  but  highly 
civilized  people." 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TO^VN  Of  SOUTHAMFTON 


395 


APPENDIX  XXI 

LIST  OF  SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS  IN  CIVIL  WAR 

The  following  are  the  names  of  persons  who  en- 
gaged in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United 
States,  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  from  the  Town  of 
Southampton,  (including  whole  village  of  Sag  Harbor). 
[See  also  T.  R.  Vol.  IV  p.  335  et  seep,  Hedges  Centen- 
nial Address,  and  contemporary  newspapers.] 


Armstrong,  Robert 
Arch,  Ephraim 
Atkins,  William 
Aldershaw,  Thos.  H. 
Boyenton,  John  W. 
Babcock,  Gilbert  R. 
Bailey,  Wm.  B. 
Byron,  John 
Brown,  "William  H. 
Bakeman,  James 
Barclay,  James  H. 
Bechtel,  Andrew  J. 
Benedict,  Robert  F. 
Brown,  Charles  H. 
Beebe,  Daniel 
Benedict,  Robt.  J. 
Brown,  Charles  L. 
Brooker,  John  R. 
Bacon,  James  H. 
Bill,  Edward 
Brown,  David  E. 
Brennant,  Alexander 
Bernabo,   Joseph 
Bernhardt,  Geo.  H. 
Beits,  John 
Bitser,  Constantine  L. 
Bell,  Geo.  A. 
Brudgeworth,   Fred. 
Brudgewoi-th,  Henry 
Brackley,  James  H. 
Bradley,  John  B. 
Bolloini,    Vincerizo 
Bennett,  James  M. 
Baxter,  Francis 
Brewin,  George 
Bears,  Orlando 
Babcock,  Lodowick 
Bill,  Robert 
Brown,  David  E. 
Bachelor,  Josephs  S. 
Boyenton,  John  W. 
Beckwith,  Thomas 


Bennett,  William  W. 
Burke,  John  W. 
Bushnell,  Charles 
Bishop,  Charles  R. 
Bishop,  Wm.  N. 
Brooker,  William  N. 
Bone,  Joseph  S. 
Beckitt,  Andrew 
Brown,  Silas  E. 
Bone,  John  J. 
Bogue,  Andrew  B. 
Baker,  Henry  L. 
Brewer,  Nathan 
Crowell,  Stephen  H. 
Chester,  William 
Conklin,  John  A. 
Collet,  William  H. 
Conklin,  William  C. 
Corey,  William 
Corey,  Joseph  H. 
Cochran,  Jas. 
Corey,  Joseph  H. 
Carroll,  Thomas 
Cook,  Charles  P. 
Corey,  Henry  J. 
Cosman,  Edward 
Canning,  Michael 
Colla,  Guisippe 
Carroll,  Michael 
Cooper,  James  H. 
Coleman,  Patrick 
Clenken,  John 
Crown,  Arthur 
ComelJ,  John 
Caffer,  Frank 
Curban,  Charles 
Crocker,  Marshall 
Creery,  James 
Collins,  Patrick 
Cornelle,  John  C. 
Coi-win,  John  L. 
Chester,  Wm.  H. 


396 


HISTORY    OF    THE    TOUN   OF   SOUTHAMHTON 


Cullum,  Richard 
Carroll,  John 
Carroll,  Thomas 
CoUum,  Sam'l  P. 
Conklin,  William 
Cook,  Edward  D. 
Corcoran,  James 
Conner,  Hickford 
Conklin,  H.  T. 
Conklin,  George 
Conklin,  John 
Craven,  John 
Colvin,  Samuel  B. 
Crowell,  Benjamin  H. 
Culver,  George 
Dowel,  Michael 
Dimon,  Nathan  H. 
DowTis,  James  A. 
Dayton,  Andrew 
Dayton,  Chas.  W. 
Downs,  George  W. 
Divine,  John 
Downs,  John 
Dunham,  Dwight  F. 
DeBevoise,  Abi'aham 
Davlin,  James  J. 
Drumm,  Thaddeous 
Dwyer,  Philip 
Dominara,  John  P. 
Dillon,  David 
Drew,  John 
Derain,   Patrick 
Dickinson,  Charles 
Dicks,  John 
Dillon,  Edward 
Dillon,  Henry 
Dow,  Michael 
Dowd,  William 
Edwards,  Charles  N. 
Ellison,  John 
Edwards,  Charles  M. 
Edwards,  Roger 
Ellsworth,  Robert  M. 
Elliston,  Joshua 
Enos,  Abraham 
.Elliston,  Joseph 
Endman,  Frederick  W. 
Edwards,  Edmond  B. 
Edwards,  Charles  W. 
Edwards,  Orlando  S. 
Edwards,  Oliver  S. 
Edwards,  Benj.  W. 
Edwards,  Chas.  Dix 
Edwards,  Silas  C. 
Edwards,  Lewis  J. 
Edwards,  Eli  H. 


Edwards,  Henry  L. 
Edwards,  Henry  G. 
Edwards,  Marcus  B. 
Eldredge,  George  A. 
Ellsworth,  Jesse 
Edwards,  James  L. 
Edwards,  Elbert  P. 
Fosbert,  Albert 
Foster,  William  B. 
Foster,  Josiah 
Fanning,  Wesley 
Foster,  Austin  A. 
Foster,  James  B. 
Fordred,  Wm.  J.,  Jr. 
Fordred,   Drayson 
Frederick,  Charles  A. 
Farley,  James 
French,  Charles 
Fay,  John 
Fitzgerald,  James 
Francis,  Romagnola 
Francis,  Roger  A. 
French,  Peter 
Fordham,  Elbert 
Finkenauer,  Geo.  E. 
Fordham,  Chas.  H. 
Gough,  John  D. 
Green,  James  M. 
Green,  James  R. 
Gordon,  Daniel  D. 
Goodman,  James  D. 
Goodall,  Charles  E. 
Goodall,  James  M. 
Gregory,  Dennis 
Griffing,  James  E. 
Griffing,  Sidney 
Griffing,  Sidney  S. 
Germain,  John 
Green,  Charles 
Garcia,  Artema 
Gilmore,  Robt.  J. 
Gleason,  G.  H. 
Gonsales,  Peter 
Garaghan,  Henry  T. 
Gilmore,  Robert 
Green,  Henry 
Gorman,  John 
Halsey,  Cornelius 
Hall,  Wm.  H. 
Halsey,  Elmer  E. 
Howell,  Samuel  W. 
Haines,  Theodore  F, 
Hand,  Edwin  C. 
Hayes,  William 
Hand,  Orlando 
Humphries,  Arthur 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  SOUTHAMFTON 


397 


Halsey,  Oliver 
Halsey,  Albert  A. 
Hildreth,  Oscar  A. 
Howell,  John  H. 
Haverstrite,  Chas. 
Henry,  Robert 
Howland,  Dennis  J. 
Howell,  Isaac 
Hand,  George  M. 
Hedges,  J.  Lodowick 
liildreth,  Isaac  N. 
Homan,  Gilbert 
Howell,  John 
Havens,  Joseph  A. 
Howell,  James  L. 
Havens,  Austin 
Howell,  James  R. 
Harris,  Joseph  C. 
Harris,  William  P. 
Howell,  William  G. 
Howell,  Henry  B, 
Havens,  Henry  H. 
Howell,  Gilder 
Halsey,  Charles  E. 
Halsey,  E.  Sidney 
Halsey,  Silas  E. 
Havertrite,  Charles  B. 
Hennessey,  James 
Hildreth,  Isaac  N. 
Handy,  Aaron 
Hall,  William  H. 
Hedges,  Lyman  G. 
Hennigar,  Charles  W. 
Howland,  Edson 
Kines,  George 
Held,  Elc-hard 
Hennis,  Michael 
Hennigar,  Chas. 
Halsey,  William  M. 
Homan,  Charles  E. 
Howell,  Orlando 
Havens,  Charles  0. 
Havens,  Charles  C. 
Havens,  Ripley 
Hand,  Samuel 
Hunt,  Edgar  Z. 
Huntting,  Henry  H. 
Holton,  William  C. 
Harris,  Charles  C. 
Halsey,  Jesse  C. 
Halsey,  Elmer  E. 
Halsey,  Charles 
Halsey,  Albert  N. 
Halsey,  Henry 
Hunker,  Flora 
Haley,  Dennis 


Hand,  Sliamgar 
Hallock,   Franklin   B. 
Hallock,  Benjamin  F. 
Howland,  Erastus 
Ingraham,  Henry 
Jessup,  Edmund  A. 
Jessup,  Charles  L. 
Johnson,  Thomas 
Jessup,  Samuel  D. 
Jewett,  William 
Jaggar,  Oscar  L. 
Jessup,  William  P. 
Jacobs,  Joseph  W. 
Jackson,  Charles  A. 
Jacobs,  John  H. 
Jennings,  Gilbert  W. 
Jessup,  John  H. 
Jacobs,  William  S. 
Jackson,  Barzillai 
Jacobson,  Terence 
Jacobson,  Hector 
Jacobs,  William  T. 
Jones,  John 
Johnson,  Alonzo 
Jones,  Robert 
Jones,  William 
Jackson,  Francis 
Johnson,  George 
Jennings,  James  T. 
Johnson,  Rufus 
Jagger,  Wm.  S. 
Ketcham,  Henry 
Kennedy,  Patrick 
Ketcham,  Darius  N. 
King,  Henry  B. 
King,  Harvey  B. 
Kine,  Bernard 
Kitson,  John 
Knapp,  D.  Edward 
Kingsland,  Oscar  R. 
King,  Parker  D. 
Knapp,  George  M. 
King,  George  C. 
King,  Horace 
Kelly,  Edward 
King,  Charles 
King,  Wilson  B. 
Lears,  G. 
Liscomb,  Joseph 
Loper,  Henry  J. 
Loper,  Benjamin 
Loper,  Abraham  B. 
Loper,  Thomas  S. 
Loper,  Thos.  A. 
Luiges,  Grain 
Lacy,  George  W. 


398 


HISTORY   OF    THE    TOfVN   OF   SOUTHAMFTON 


Lautenchlager,  Adol 
Linden,  Franz 
Lyons,  James 
Larkens,  James 
Loper,  George 
Lynch,  Michael 
Lovejoy,  John  F. 
Loper,  Charles  L. 
Lowen,  William,  Jr. 
Ludlow,  Chauncey 
Ludlow,  Silas 
Leek,  David  C. 
Loper,  Henry 
Loper,  Oscar 
Montcalm,  John  A. 
Moore,  Henry 
McGloc,  John 
Moore,  Thomas 
Mooney,  Francis  J. 
Marran,  Thomas 
Miller,  Nathaniel  J. 
Miller,  Geo. 
Miller,  Abraham 
Miller,  A.  H. 
Meigs,  Edgar  C. 
Marren,  Thomas 
McDonald,  Charles 
Mayer,  David 
Murphy,  James 
McCarthy,  Michael 
Merton,  Charles 
Morris,  John 
Moulton,  Willard  R. 
Mallay,  John 
McGrath,  John 
Murphy,  William 
Morin,  Peter 
Mann,  William 
Moore,  Thomas 
McMinn,  William 
Morris,  George  C. 
Miller,  Eleazar  D. 
Miller,  Wm.  B. 
Miller,  Charles 
Mooney,  John  F. 
Morgan,  Henry 
McDonald,  Michael 
Miller,  Nathaniel 
McGuirk,  John 
Mullen,  James 
McMahon,  John 
McGuirk,  Frank 
Myers,  Anthony 
Nicoll,  Theodore 
Noonan,  Darius 
Oldershaw,  A.  E. 


Overton,  Richard  H. 
Overton,  Edward  N. 
Osgood,  George 
O'Brien,  Henry 
O'Connor,  James 
Pierson,  N.  H. 
Payne,  Charles 
Pierson,  Enoch 
Piorson,  Alson 
Parker,  Giles 
Pollard,  George  H. 
Pedro,  Joseph 
Pigeon,  George 
Pavne,  Thomas  B. 
Polley,  William  L. 
Pierson,  David 
Pye,  William  C. 
Penny,  Alexander  H. 
Payne,  Jeremiah 
Post,  James  H. 
Pigeon,  Stephen 
Perea,  Jacquin 
Parblau,  Thomas  M. 
Parker,  Charles 
Parker,  Frank 
Payton,  James 
Phillips,  William  E. 
Payne,  Robert  H. 
P'lvne,  Charles  C. 
Phillips,  Clinton  R. 
Pounder,  Edward 
Pierson,  Alonzo 
Pierson  Alanson 
Payne,  Elisha  H. 
Payne,  Elias  R. 
Perkins,  George 
Parker,   Henry 
Payne,  Benj.  S. 
Payne,  Charles 
Potter,  John 
Polley,  Samuel  M. 
Payne,  Huntting  M. 
Payne,  Lafayette  H. 
Quinn,  John 
Riker,  Frederic 
Rerlfield.  Charles 
Rhody,  Hugh 
Ryder,  William  H. 
Ryland,  William 
Rose,  Frederick  H. 
Rogers,  Benjamin  F. 
Raynor,  John  W. 
Raynor,  William  C. 
Roberts,  Edward  P. 
Robin?on,  John  G. 
Reid,  H.  A. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  TOH'N  OF  SOUTHAMPTON 


3£0 


Re^an,  Robt. 
Robinson,  James  T. 
Rudd,  John 
Rose,  Edwin 
Robinson,  George  G. 
Reney,  John,  Jr. 
Roe,  Thomas 
Rcdfield,  Charles  A. 
Redfield,  Henry  J. 
Rine  Peter 
Riley,  James 
Riley,  John 
Rafferty,  John 
Reely,  Edward 
Roberts,  Edward  P. 
Riley,  Peter 
Robinson,  Floyd 
Rugg,  George  B. 
Rogers,  David  J. 
Reason,  Thomas 
Rhodes,  Sidney 
Rogers,  Charles  N. 
Ready,  James 
Snooks.  John 
Sylve,  Joseph 
Snuires,  Stephen 
Schafer,  Christy 
Sandford,  Henry  H. 
Squires,  Henry 
Sears,  George  H. 
Stanley,  William 
Squires,  George  P. 
Sayre,  James  S. 
Sayre,  Matthew  H. 
Skidmore,  Henry  A. 
Smith,  Francis 
Stevens,  Edward 
Squires,  Edward  L. 
Strong,  James  M. 
Squires,  George  P. 
Short,  John 
Sterhani,  Cesar 
Smith,  Martin 
Smith,  Pfter 
Savage,  Henry  A. 
Sweezy,  Richard  M. 
Seabury,  Jacob 
Sisart,  Francis 
Snow,  Elisha 
Stanbrough,  Isaac 
Sherman,  George  R. 
Sherman,  George  B. 
Schelline'er,  George  R, 
Smith,  John  C. 
Strong,  Chas.  H. 
Smith,  Geo.  W. 


Stanbrough,  James 
Stanton,  Oscar  F. 
Stanton,  Jos.  B. 
Speacer,  Daniel 
Sythes,  William 
Strong,  Thos.  H. 
Sherrill,  David  S. 
Sylviera,  Wm.  W. 
Squires,  Charles 
Stevens,  Hiram 
Tully,  Walter 
Tinker,  Chas.  W. 
Tuttle,  John  A. 
Tuttle,  George  H. 
TeiTell,  LaFayette 
Tujitle,  William  J. 
Topping,  Wm.  Owen 
Topping,  M.  Howell 
Terry,  Jesse  A. 
Terry,  James  B. 
Talmage,  William  H. 
Topping,  Edward 
Taylor,  Peter 
Tompkin?,  James 
Taylor,  Thomas  G. 
Todds,  Henry 
Taylor,  Edward  C. 
Thompson,  Wilbert  F. 
Tuttle,  Noah  P. 
Tuttle,  Cyrus  D. 
Talmage,  William  H. 
Thatford,  Henry  C. 
Topping,  Albert  E, 
Topping,  James  R. 
VanHouten,  James  A. 
VanNess,  Adolphus 
Wright,  Nathan  H. 
Worthington,  Edwin  D. 
Warner,  S.  W. 
Warner,  Thos. 
Wamer,  Wm.  H. 
Woods,  David 
Wal^h,  Nicholas 
Williams,  Harry 
Wade,  Charles  B. 
Webb,  Job 
Wines,  Hiram  W. 
Welch,  James 
Woodward,  Alfred 
Weed,  George  A. 
Warren,  Timothy 
Whittle,  Peter 
Wiriams,  William  F. 
Wadley,  Fredric  J. 
Wadley,  Joseph 
Whitney,  Charles 


400 


HISTORY    Of    THE    TOlfN    Of   SOUTH  AM  HON 


Whitney,  George 
Ware,  Georp:e  W. 
Wick,  William  H. 
Walker,  John  H. 
White,  Hurbert  A. 
White,  Peter,  Jr. 
Wells,  Morgan  L. 
Wanns,  Alfred 
Wiley,  Henry  J. 
Wilkinson,  Joseph  H. 


Winters,  Georp^e  W. 
Williamson,  Wm.  N. 
Williamson,  Edward  J. 
Wynch,  Michael 
Willis,  Charles 
Willis,  William 
Weeks,  George 
Winters,  William  S. 
Youngs,  John  F. 


INDEX 


NOTE. — Individual  names  are  entered,  however  spelled  In  early 
records  under  family  names  as  spelled  to-day.  Names  of  ships  are 
treated,  of  course,  as  units,  e.  g..  W.  W.  Coit  as  an  inidvidual  is  indexed 
under  C .  as  a  ship  it  is  found  indexed  under  W. 


Abby    316 

Abiaail 314-316-318 

Acadians     139 

Acasta     237-322-324-326-328- 

330-332-338 

Acoback  River    1 

Ackley,    F 337 

Adams,  J.  Q 226 

Adventure,    123    et    seq,    294    et 

seq. 

Ajrawam      41 

Asrreement,   Fordham    275 

Woolvvorth    287   et  seq 

Alabama   238 

Albany     213 

Alhany     363 

Albatross    244 

Alciope 330-334 

Aldershaw,   Thos.   H 395 

Aldrich.  Mrs.  J.  H 159-225 

Jas.    H 225 

Alexander 332 

Alknomac     316 

Allen,  Frank  H 156 

Capt 322 

Wm 362 

Amasansett    218-350-351 

Amelia     237 

America     314 

American.       320-322-324-326- 

328-330-332-334 

American  Fag-le,  &e 163 

American   House,   see   Inns. 

Amerman    O.    V 158 

Amethvst    231 

Am'^^den,    Robt 298 

Andes     237-318-320 

Andes   Shoal    239 

Andrews,    Lumun     158 

T\ji-    .    223 

Andr'os.    Gov.  ".'."  .'92-lVl-i4i-145 

See  also  Fatents. 
Ann,    324-326-328-330-332-336 

340-342 
Ann  Mary  Ann,   237-334-367-372 

Anti£?ra     142 

Arabella,     320-322-324-326- 

328-330-334-336 


Arabian  gold   .  . .  t 130 

Arbutlinot,  Vice  Adm 173 

Argonaut     318-320-322 

Armstrong-,    Robt 395 

Arch,   Ephraim    395 

Arnold,   Edward    206 

William     307 

Arsenal,  Sag  II 187-188-204 

Articles   of  Association.  166-170 

Artisan     214 

Ascension,    Island   of 125 

Atkins.  Wm 395 

Atlantic   House,   see   Inns. 

Atlanticville    2i  5 

Augusta     239-344 

Austen's  Pond,  see  Ponds. 

Austin,    Car>t.    .Tames    344 

Babbitt.    John   M 223 

Babcock.   Ca'it.,    328-330-334- 
338  -  346  -  340-348-342-3  ^6- 

379-381 

Hedges     340-344 

H.   A 3  12 

Gilbert    R 395 

Lfodowick    395 

Babylon 215-218 

Bachelor,  .1.  S 395 

Bacon,  James  H 395 

Baer,  Fancis  V 225 

Bailey,  William  B 395 

Baird.  Jos 158 

Bakeman,   James    395 

Baker,  Jonathan 307 

Daniel    307 

Nathan    310 

Fdw.   M 328 

Cant 330-331-3  10 

Henry    L :^95 

Balaena   346-3  18 

Bald    Hill    2-6 

Baldwin.    Capt.,    334-336-338-3  10 

Bangs,  Wm 224 

Banishment    99-105 

Barbadoes     .. 58-142-143-237-3 i9 

Barbara    330-332-33 1 

Barclay,  James  H 395 

Barker,    Wm.    ...77-140-283-286 
Barnard.   Capt 314 


402 


INDMX 


Barnes   (Barns).  Wm.   ...51-228 

Joshua     90 

Wm.    Guthrie    156 

Isaac    310 

Capt 324-328-330 

Earnhardt.  .John  W ISS 

Barrett.    Richard,    51-97-100-228 

Bartlett.  Horace loS 

Bears.  Orlando   395 

Barton,  W.  H 22  4 

Baxter,   P'ancis    395 

Bayard.    324-326-330-332-336- 

338-340-342 

Bay  of  Islands  329 

Baypoose    14 

Beach,  formation 8 

Bear  Creek.  Cal.. 

371-374-375-376-379-381-382 

Bears    iJ>-    ' 

Beaver  Dam 17 

Beavers 17 

Bechtel,   Andrew   J 395 

Beckitt,  Andrew   395 

Reckwith,  Thos 395 

Bedford     173 

Bedford.    Eng.  • 72 

Beehe.   Mr 153 

Lester    162 

Thos 162-188 

Jabez   310 

Daniel    395 

Beers,  Mrs.  Miranda 150 

Daniel    223 

Behringr's  Id 238 

BehrinsT   Strait    233-238 

Bell,    Geo.    A 395 

Bellomont,    Far!   of, 

127-128-130-131-143 

Bellow.s.  Daniel  Y li>7 

Belt,    pirates'    129 

Benedict,    Robt.   F 395 

Robt.    .1 395 

Benedict's  Creek 54-74 

Benjamin,    John    307 

Bennett,  Wm.,  Mrs 154 

Wm.   S 206 

Benj 309 

Samuel    310 

Capt 328-330-332-336 

Jas.    M 395 

Lewis    L 330 

W.   W. 395 

Bernabo,    Jos 395 

Bernliardt.  Geo.  H 395 

Berwind,  J.   E 14-153-253 

Beswick,   John    113 

Betsey  314 

Betts.  F.  H 2.-1 2 

John     395 

Bill,   Edward    395 

Robert     395 

Bill   of  ladini?    1 J9 

Bingham,   Amo^ 223 

Bi.'jhop,   Josiah    308 

Samuel     308 

George     311 

Capt 326-33?-336 

John     328-334 

James    336 

C 367-378 

Jetur    .^fi7 

Chas.   R 395 

Wm.  X 395 

Bltser,    C.    L 395 


Black  Eagle    237-340-342 

Blackwell,   Maj 187 

Blatz,    H 224 

Blessing  of  the  Bay   .  .  .43-44-45 

Bliss.    E.    W 157 

Block  Island 70-125-126 

Blois,  Sir  John    253 

Bloomingdale    137 

Boardman.  Alplionso 363 

Bogart,  David  S 137 

Bogue.   Aaron    156 

Andrew   B 395 

Bolloini  V 395 

Bonan,    Simon    127-128-298 

Bond,    Robt 51-228-229 

David     311 

Bone,  J.  J 395 

Jos.    S 395 

Bonetia    Cal 368 

Books 110  et  seq-220-221 

Booth,  John  F 158 

Borneo    122-124-295 

Bostock,   Arthur    51-228 

Boston,    57-91-142-146-154- 

163-165-166 

Bosworth,   L.  A 223 

Bottome.  Francis 223 

Boundaries,  1-2-12-50-77-102-150 

Bound  trees 102 

Bovard.  M.  Y 158 

Bowdish.   A.  C 22  4 

Bower,  Daniel   308 

Bowyer  (Boyer),  Stephen, 

268-269-270-271-272-307 

Boyenton,  John  W 395 

Brackley,  J.   H 395 

Bradish,  Joseph    123  et  seq,  296 
et  sen. 

Bradley.  J.  B 395 

Branford    55-72-82 

Brant,   Sam    244 

Brazil,      160-233-238-315-317- 

319-321-323 

Brazil     316 

Bread,     Allen,     46-47-53-257- 

259-260-264-266 

Brennant.  Alex 395 

Brewer,  Nathan    395 

Rrewin,  Geo 395 

Brewster,    Mr 76 

Bricks    113 

Bridgehampton   Harbor    ....148 
Bridgehampton   Milling  Co.  .153 

Bridges    Sag  Pond 86-122 

North   Haven    148-151-217 

Payne's    IFil 

Brien.   .John    224 

Briggs.  Capt 330-332-334 

Brooker,  John  R 395 

Wm.    N 395 

Brookhaven     90-121-350 

Brother    213 

Browne,    Wm 97-290 

Brown,   James    104-138-287 

Mrs.    J.    B 187 

O     E  2  9^ 

Thos!,  "23  4-2.37-326-3'2V-3'3b- 
3  32-33  4-336-338-3  40-3  4  2-3  4  4 

Wade  & 237 

Henry    312 

Samuel    312 

John     322 

Capt.,   330-332-334-336-338-342 


INDEX 


403 


Geo.    R. 
Wm.    H. 
Chas.    H. 
Chss.    L. 


,340 
.395 
.395 
.395 


David  E 395 

Silas  E 395 

Brud!?e\vorth,  Fred    395 

Henry    395 

Brincinan     bather    225-252 

Brushy    Plain    122 

Bryant,  Wm.  Cullen 220 

Buchanan,    Mary    22(> 

Bucl<skill    22 

Budd,  John,  234-237-307-332- 

336-338-340-3*2-344 

Buell,  Saml 138-175 

Mary    138 

Buffaloes 17 

Bull    Head    133 

Bunker    Capt 316 

Burials     81-109-136 

Burke,  J.  W '.  .  .395 

Burnet,    Thos 51-228 

Joel     S3 

Mathias     133 

Nelson   206 

David     307 

Aron     ...' 307 

Josenli   309 

George,       353-357-363-364- 

374-376-377-379 

Burroughs.  Stephen 219 

Buryin°-   Grounds — 

Sag-aponack     81 

Mecox     Sl-85 

Hay  Ground Si-l?r, 

Foxabogue      81-136 

Bridgehampton     81-136 

Sag     Harbor,     147-1^0-15  4- 

161-173-239 

Southampton     2'i7 

Bushnell,  Samuel 158 

Chas 395 

Butler,  Pierce   122 

Byfield,   Thos 106 

Byram,    Eliab    1S7 

Byrne,    Father    2"5 

Byron,    John    395 

Cadmus,    237-320-322-32^- 
326  -  328  -  330-332-334-338- 

367-369-372 

Caffer.    Prank    395 

Calendar   47 

Calve's   Creek    9-85 

Cambridge,  Mass 73-299 

Camillus     ..2*3-324-326-328-330 

Camp    Fd  ward   H i  F  6 

Camnbell,   R.    S 223 

Candles     200 

Canning,    Capt 332-3X4 

Michael    395 

Cannon.   B'hamnton.   205   et  seq. 
Canoe   Place,    12-29-41-50-82- 

264-266 

Canons  Ashby,  Eng 81 

Canterbury,  Ct 138-175 

Cqi^e  Pon  F^rjerance 125 

Cape  May,  N.  J 83 

Cane   Nicola  Mole   186 

Carleton,   Sir  Guy    174' 

Caroline     ...332-336-338-340-342 

Carnenter,    Coles    158 

Chas.    W 158 


Carr,  Wm.  M 22  4 

Carroll,   Thos 395 

Michael    395 

John 396 

Carle,  Recompence   :'.07 

Carteret     Gov 132 

Cartwright.     Capt.,     322-32  1- 

326-332-336-340 

Carwithey,    John    309 

Case,  :Maj.  B 189-195 

Capt.    322-32  1-326-328-330- 
332-33 1-336-CJ38-3  40-3  4  4- 

360 

Isaac  M 323 

J.    M Z'-i 

Cavanagh.  Jas 252 

Cedar   Island    9-192-23  1 

Cellars     52 

Centreville,   Cal 377-379 

Chambers,   Dr.    P.   F 252 

Chapmpn,    David    223 

Charles    II    87-88 

Cl:arlestown,    Mass 163 

Charlotte   237-318-3   0 

Chatf:eld,    Thos 114 

Chatham,    Ct 160 

Cherry,    Rev.   J.    F 2.'2 

Chesbrow.  Will 76 

Chester    Ct 175 

Chester,  D.  L 133 

Wm 395 

Wm.    H "95 

Chimnies     113 

Church.  Chas.  H 206 

Churches — 

Presbyterian,       S'ham^t-in 
46-71      et      Fecj. -10 1-137- 

172-372-223   -260 
Presbyterian,     B'hampton. 

86   et  seQ-101-13S-224 

Meth.'  So.  H 137-223 

New    Light    138 

Presbyterian,   Sag   H., 

156-201-225 
Episcoral,   Sae-  H.    ...156-225 

Baptist,  Sag  H 157-158 

Methodist,  Sag  H., 

157-158-225 

Catholic     Sag   H 157-225 

St.    Andrews,    So.    H.. 205-253 

St.   Anns,   B.   H 219-253 

Methodist,   B.   H 223-'.'2» 

Catholic,    So.    H 252 

St.   John's   So.    H 253 

Catholic,    B.    H 253 

Circassian     217 

Citiren    332-?36 

Civil  War 2^6 

Clark,    Fllmore    121-297 

Theodosius     158 

Moses     If'- 

Aaron 162 

Danforth     225 

George     2''2 

David 310 

Clarke,    Sam'l, 

78-87-279-2Sl-2S3-2S6-?07 

(nirate)    131-143 

Capt.    2 '2 

James    307 

John     308 

Eli'-halet     • 309 

Claudio    320 

Clenken,  John    395 


404 


INDEX 


Clerk  of  Band   101-107 

Cleveland.  \Vm.  Neal   223 

Cliff  Hill   147 

Climate     15    et    seq. 

Clinton.  Gov 173-179 

Sir    Henry    \\-}ll 

Clinton   Academy    l^'^-*^ 

Clowes.   Ernest   S •  l  2 

Coast   Guard    206 

Cochrane.    Maj.     172-181-18:i-l»o 

.Tames    393 

Cockenoe     ^  i 

Coe     Robert    •  »6 

Coffins:.  Capt ^18 

Coleman.  P J^J 

Coles,  Thaddeus   152 

Colla.  G ^9'' 

Collet.  Wm.   H 395 

Collins.    Patrick    395 

Colman.  .ludali    310 

Colonial    Assembly    122 

Colonial   Society.   Southamp- 
ton     51 

Columbia,       322-324-326-328- 

330-332-334-338-344 

Colvin.   S.  B 396 

Combination  with  Conn..  70- 

272  et  seq. 
Commerce.  1^0  et  seq. -150-154 
Concer.  Pyrrhus  ...351-377-379 
Concordia.       238-326-328-332- 

334-338-340-342-344-346 

Condict,  Walter    223 

Con?o     238 

Conklin, 
Conklins, 

Joseph     151-156-233-314 

Elizabeth    lo6 

Edward    169 

Stephen  19^ 

S.       213 

Father 225 

Joh-n    307-?9fi 

Fliackim     307 

Capt 3  40 

J 363 

Mr 364-366 

John  A 395 

Wm ?9<? 

H.   T 396 

Georgre     396 

Wm.   C 395 

Conklin's  Point    9-23'. 

Connecticut.     5.5-70-88-90-91- 
92499-119-126-1 <2-143-173- 

175-177-272  et  seq. 
(See  also  separate  towns.) 

Conner.   H 396 

Conscience  Point   50 

Constable    101-107 

Contra  Costa  Market 236 

Convent  Sacred  Heart 2?5 

Good,    Jonathan    198 

Cook.  A.   M 14-179-193-205 

Ellis.  51-83-84-101-107-114- 

228-279-281 

Augustus    ^^ 

Ablel     114-309 

John. 

132-231-312-371-37  4-376-379 
Luther  P..  150-151-157-217- 
234-322-32  4-326-328-330- 

332-334 
Baldwin    206 


Sullivan    u-??^ 

&  Green    234-334-336-338 

Theophilus   289 

Obadiah   309-310 

Elias 309-312 

Jonathan    309-312-169 

Mitchell     312 

Burnett 312 

Abraham 312 

Stephen 31- 

James    312 

Chas.    P 395 

Edward  D 395 

Coooer.  John.  1  7- <6-."  3-57-5S- 
76-85-88-9 1-97-22S-230-232- 
259  -  260  -  266-279-281-294- 

307-309 
Thos..    51-57-58-84-ia3-22S- 

230-264-309-312 

Wilbroe     57 

Mary    57 

Martha    57 

Justice     103 

Samuel    132 

James     132-232-308 

-ar.    Fenimore    160-218-237 

";iebulon    174-175 

'Abraham    174-232-307 

Phineas  M 198 

Caleb    222 

Hunttin?.   234-237-322-324- 
326-328-330-332^33  4-3  36- 

338-340 

Gilbert    H 237-340-342 

Wm 237 

W.  &  G.   H 237-344-346 

Mercator,    244-332-338-340- 

383   et  seq 

Josiah    288 

Silas     2SS 

Simon    310 

Capt..    320-322-324-326-328- 

330 

James   H 395 

Coote    Jas 158 

Copp.  Josenh  A "'5  6 

Consoas-e  Gut    269 

Corcoran.  Jas 396 

Corey.  David    307 

Corey,    Braddock    158 

Wm 395 

Jos.    H 395 

Henry  J 395 

Cornburv.   Lord    142-143-144 

Cornell.  John 395 

John  C 395 

Coi'rector    164 

Corwin.  Frank  W 144 

Jabez    187 

John   307 

H.    &    N..    322-324-326-328- 

330-336 

Seth    367 

Cant 330-334-336 

Geo.  W 330 

&   Howell    332 

Geo 373 

.Tnbn    I^ 395 

Corwith.  Henry 85-288 

(Sep    also    Carwithey.) 

Dr.  S.  R 122 

Auenstus    182 

William     198 

John     288 

Howell     365 


\ 


INDEX 


405 


H 382 

Cory.  John    51-228 

Cosman.   tdward    395 

Cotton,  John    106 

Courtland,  Col 127 

Cove,  Sag-  H 148 

Cow  Keepers   101 

Cow    Neck    75 

Crag-,    Dr 115 

Crane     Elias   N 223 

Cranes     IT 

Cra\en,  John 396 

Creery,  James 395 

Crescent     330-332-336 

Criterion 314 

Ciocker    Marshall    395 

Crook.  Jolm    367 

Crowell,   Joseph    162 

Thos.    E 328 

Capt 330-334 

Stephen  H 395 

Benj.    H 396 

Crown,   Artliur    395 

Crown    Pt.    Expedition 165 

Crozette    Ids 331-333-335 

Cuba     238-2 

Cuflee.  Wickham    

Paul    41 

Bros 219 

Culloden    173 

Cullum,   Rich'd    396 

Sam.  P 396 

CuU  er.  Moses    232 

Gershom    26S-308 

Jeremiah     30  8 

Jonathan     308 

George 396 

Cummusky.  Father   225 

Curacoa     ..142-186 

Curhan,  Chas 395 

Curran,  Father   225 

Ciiry.   E.   H 328 

Capt 330-332-334-336 

Custom    House,    141-143-144- 

145-146 

Daegett,  Herman 137 

Dains    John   288 

raul    288 

Daly,   Chas.   P 217 

Daniel    Webster, 

32  4-326-32  8-330-332-33  4 

Davenport,   James    138-262 

David  Forter 214 

Davis,     Fulke     51-228 

John    78-109 

Robert     153 

Artluir   ...269-270-271-272-308 

Thos 297 

Zachariah     308 

DavHn,   J.   J 396 

Dayton,   Ralph    78 

John 198 

Jona 20  4 

Abraham 310 

Andrew    396 

Chas.  W 396 

Dean,  Wm 223 

Thos 297 

De  Bevoise,  Abm 396 

De    Castro,    J 15  4-158 

Decatur   Commodore    ...19^-196 
Declaration  of  the  Company, 

48-260 


Deeds — • 

Farret     48-50-261 

Confirmation     r.0-26!-265 

Indian    of    16  10,    51-6i:-67-;'66 

Indirn  of  1703   67-26^ 

I  ogneck    148 

Deer    17-18 

Deer  Crr  ek.  Cal..  363-371-373-3K2 

Deer^eld.   Mass 126 

Deltas    322-321-326-328-330- 

332-336-338-3*0 

Den'Foi.    Samuel    225 

Caroline   M 225 

Deniston,    Fll    158 

Dennison,  Father 225 

Capt 326-330 

Sam'l    328 

De  1  eyster,  Col.  Abr.    ..132-134 

Derain,  P 396 

Derby,   Ce-Tt.    S.   G 214 

Dering-.   H.   T 14  4 

H.   P.,  144-187-188-189-191- 

192-204 

Mrs.  C.  T 160 

C.    T.    &    Co.,    234-322-32  <- 

326-328-332 
C.    T.,    237-322-321-326-328- 

330-332-334-336-338-310 

Capt 330-33  4 

Deucalia 37  8 

De-cter.   Thomas   265 

Diamond    -17 

Dibble,    Sineus    310 

Dickens,    Caol 205 

Dickinson,    C.    A 21'3 

Chas 396 

Dicks    John    ^^'S 

Dillon,    David 39*; 

'~d"-ard    ?06 

Henry    3P6 

Dimon.    N.    H 396 

Dinpel,    Peter    14  4 

Disposall  of  the  Vessell, 

47-60-2*6 

Divine.   John    396 

Division  of  1653    12-80 

16'5    12 

1738     12-150 

Forty    Acre    122 

1677    122 

Thirty  Acre 122 

1712    122 

1680    148 

17^5    151 

1761    151 

Dixon,  Wm 158 

Doctors    115 

Dodd.   E,    215 

Samuel     22  t 

Dodge,  Dr 353 

Dogs     18-19 

Dolphin    233-314 

Dominara.  J.  P 396 

Dons^an     Gov 92-146 

See  r.lso   Patents. 

D'Orsay.  J.  S 22  4 

Douglas,  Wm.  L 158 

Josiah    ...234-322-324-326-728 

Capt 326 

Dow,    Michael    396 

Dowd    Wm ?96 

Dowel,    M. 396 

Downs.  Jas.  A 396 

Geo.    W 396 


d06 


INDEX 


John 396 

Draco 237 

Drake.    Capt 334-338 

Drew.   John    396 

Drink    (see    also    Inns). 

76-85-110-149 

Drumm.  T 396 

Dubois.  H.  H 224 

Ducks    17 

Dukes   Laws    89 

Dunbar.  Capt 348 

Dunham.  D.  F 396 

Dunster.   Mr 362 

Duran.   John    308 

Dutch,     21-46-48-49-65-74-79- 

88-90-91-96-186-263-300 

Dutcher,   E.  H 224 

Duvall,  Wm 161 

Dwyer     P 396 

Dyer,  Mr 145 

Eagle   233-314 

Earmarks   117 

East  Cape   238-323-325 

East  Knd   House    see  Inns. 
East  Greenwich.  En?., 

280-282-284 

East  Haddam    175-176 

Eastham,  Mass 138 

East  Hampton.  16-17-18-22- 
52-74-77-79-S4-S5-S8-90-92- 
102-  108  -  10  9-111-117-118- 
119  -.  14.0  -  14  2-14  4-14  5-150- 
151  -  152  -  160-165-166-169- 
173  -  175  -186-189-196-198- 
199  -  216  -  252-253-269-298- 

299-300 

Eastport    1-215-218 

East  Quosue   215-248 

Ea.stville     148 

Eaton.   Gov 56-262 

Mr 372 

Eaton's  Neck 214 

Edds.  Wm.  T 156 

Edg^ar.  C.   H 22  4 

Edsill.  Thos 297 

Edmonds.  E.  A 158 

Edwards,  Silas   178 

Abraham     310 

Ichabod     310 

L.  B 328-336 

S.  W 328-338 

Capt 330-332-334-340-342 

Chas.   N 396 

Chas.  M 396 

Roger     396 

Edmund    B 396 

Chas.  W 396 

Orlando  S 396 

Oliver  S 396 

Benj.    W 396 

Chas.   D 396 

Silas  C 396 

Lewis  J 396 

Eli    H 396 

Henry    L 396 

Henry   G 396 

Marcus   B 396 

James   L 396 

Elbert   P 396 

EeLs.  Osias 137 

James    137 

Egrsleston.  J.  W 224 

Eldredge.  Capt 324-332-346 

A 336 


Geo.   A 396 

Elizabeth.   N.   J 73 

Eliz..    P'rith    334-338 

Elliot,  Joseph    310 

Ellison.  John 396 

Ellislon.  Joshua 396 

Joseph    396 

Ellsworth.   Robt.   M 396 

Jesse    396 

Ey   Paso    16 

Ely,   Dr.   A.    H 252 

Emerald     238-340-342 

Emott.   James    132-134 

Encroachment  of  sea,   8  et  seq. 

Endman,    F.    W 396 

Engle,  Wm.  C 113 

Enos,   Abm 396 

Erskine.   Lord    172-183 

Eslerbrook,   Richard    206 

Elbert    Alex    139 

Excel    344-346 

Excise    131 

Fahys.    Joseph    217 

Fair   Helen    237-318-320 

Falkland    Islands    ..238-323-315 

Fanning.   W 396 

Fanny    326-328-330-332-336 

Fanton.  Wm.  M 158 

Fanning.    John    198 

Farley.  James 396 

Farming    116 

Parret,    Jas.,    45-48-49-50-261 

et  seq. -276 
Farrington.    Edmund.    46-47- 

53-25  6-257-259-260-26  4-265 

John     46-48-259-265 

Thos 46-259-265 

Edward    266 

Farrington  Neck    47 

Favorite    213 

Fay.    Jolin    390 

Feather    River    379 

Fences    62-101 

Ferguson.   S.  D 15S 

Feris.   D.  0 15  8 

Feversham   74 

Field,    John    ...310 

Fields,   J.   H 366 

Fi.ii  Islands 2  44 

Filer    Thos 310 

Finkenauer,  G.  E 396 

"Fire  money"    80 

Firewood   (see  also  Woods), 

150-154 

Fish,  Rev.   S.  C 253 

Fisher's  Island   167 

Fitzgerald,  James    396 

Flag  pole.  Sag  H 159 

Flanders     215 

Flanders   Bay    1 

Flash   214 

Fleet.   Joshua    187 

Fletcher,  Seth 73 

Gov 130-134-146 

Flint.  John 309 

Abraham 310 

Flora    355 

Floyd,  Col 232 

David   G.,    334-338-340-342-344 

Flying    Point    80-84-208 

Folger,    A 316 

Capt 316 

Foote,    Geo.   C 225 


INDEX 


407 


Fordham,  Rev.  Robt. 

72-74-79-87-275 

Robert 159 

Joseph,  77-132-140-281-283- 

286-309 

Peletiah    85-159-308 

Ephraim    15U-233 

Nathan    ..150-151-162-213-211 

Daniel     150-169-203 

Jane    156 

Samuel    159 

Nathaniel    174 

John 198 

Jeff 214 

Hedsres.  Gel.ston  &  Co 214 

Hubbard    2  44 

Joseph    268-279 

George 312 

E 314 

Capt 322-328-330-332 

J.  "W ...'■'■'■^ 

Wm 365 

Eli    373-377-379-381 

Elbert    -"'"• 

Chas.   H 396 

Fordham's   shop.   So.   H 137 

Fordham's  Tavern  see  Inns. 

Fordred,  W.  J 396 

D 396 

Fort   Hill    30 

Fort  Fond  Bay   196 

Forts,   Revolutionary    173 

Indian   (?ee  Indians). 

Sag-  Harbor    192 

Fosbert,  Albert 396 

Foster,    Clifford    12 

Christopher    ...53-271-272-308 

Benj 83-308 

John,    150-151-161-166-168- 
17  4-202-233-27  6-278-27  9- 

281-283-286-307-308-314 

James     151-205 

Whiten    152 

Thomas     15  2 

Major 190 

John  1 198 

Edward  H 205 

James    H 223-252 

William   308-365 

Jeremiah     308-310 

Daniel    308 

Elnathan     311 

Samuel     310 

Obadiah     310 

David 310 

Edward   381 

Wm.   B -O'l 

Josiah    396 

Austin  A -'^li 

James  B 396 

Fourth   of  July,   165-203   et  seq. 

Fowler,  John 195 

Richard 308 

Cant 314-316-318-334-316 

Wm 316 

Oliver    318 

Fox,    Stephen   0 310 

Foxes ■, 18 

France     326-328-330-332 

Francis,  Roger    153-396 

A.    S 158 

Amzi     22  4 

R 396 


Franklin     238-322-321-326- 

32s-3;;«j-:;3i-33s 

Fra7ier,  Daniel    3'is 

Frederick,  C.  A 396 

Freemen    6:;-0i-lu3 

French.  H.  &  S..  159-237-3 '6- 

314-348 

Hannibal     217 

Smith    334-336-3  16 

Capt 3^0-;'  ■■!-■'    6 

Wm 373-3S1 

Chas 3'ii; 

Peter      .rjO 

Friends   Adventure    1    "i 

Frissell,   Mr 22  4 

Frog   Pond,   see   londs. 

Frothin   ham,  David   163 

Erothingham's  L.  I.  Herald.  16  { 

Fuller,   Henry    223 

Furniture    114 

Fur  trade   t  ! 

Gage,   Genl    167 

Gallagher,  C.  W 22  1-2."  2 

Gann,  John 186-19^ 

Garaghan,    H.    T 396 

Garcia,  A 396 

Gardiner's   Bay, 

166-173-189-192-350 

Gardiner's    Point    190 

Gardiner    Lyon, 

44-50-51-69-70-78-84-111 

Mary    8  4 

Sam'l  L 1  '  4 

John    151-186-232 

John  D irfi-i-7 

Nathaniel    161-171 

Abraham     .  .  .  ; 171 

A 215 

Wm 220 

D.  &  Bro 314 

Gardiner's  Island, 

50-5  4-125-130-167-173-190-191 

Gardner.    Capt 318-320 

Garretson,   Freborn    158 

Garrison.    Renock    118 

Samuel    IIS 

Gaylord.  Mr 156 

Geese 17 

Gelston,    Sam'l    .... 133-137 

John     144-169-2S"<-2S9 

Maltby    168-176-311 

Hutrh     169-191-2'5S 

David    171-174-312 

Abel    174 

Richard 218 

Thomas    288-312 

William 312 

Gem,    238-324-326-328-330- 

332-33  4-33S 

General  Court   9X 

Gen.    Scott    318-320 

Gen.  Warren   21 1 

Gentleman     334-336-338-310 

Geology 3  et  seq. 

Geo.    WasMn-Jton     35i-3.'S.S 

Germain,    Lord    168-1  "3 

John 396 

Gibbons,  John   309 

Gilbert,    Sir   Humphrey 6-^ 

G.    S 158 

Gilder,  John  L 15S 

Gillam,  Capt 126-130 

Gillum     Carter     300 


408 


INDEX 


Gilmore.   R.   J 39<J 

Kobt 396 

Gilfeon.  Paclid 153 

Givyen.    Wni 311 

Glaciers     5 

Gleason,  G.  H 396 

Gloucester,    Mass 141 

Glover,  Henry  C 223 

Alfred   G 239 

Capt 324-32S-332-336-338 

Benj 330 

Daniel   B 367 

Erastus 381 

Godbee.    John    316 

Capt 344 

James    332 

Goldsmith,   Thos 110 

Goninck,   Josiah    310 

Gonsales,   Peter    396 

Goodale,  Josiah 198 

Joseph     '•J*^'^ 

Jonathan     308 

Capt 336-342-344 

Charles   i^' 396 

James  M 3li6 

Good  Ground   215 

Good   Luck    233-314 

Goodman,  J.  D 396 

Goodscll,   Geo.   H 158 

Gordon,  Uriah 9 

Daniel   D 396 

Gorman    John   396 

Gosmer,     John,     51-71-78-97- 

100-228-229-26  4-266-272 

Richard    51-228 

Goush,   J.   D 396 

Gouvernour,  Abr 130 

Gov : 318 

Gov.  Clinton 237-238-324 

Gov.   Dana    373 

Graham,   Curtis    223 

Capt 340-342 

Grandfather    Regiment    ....168 

Gransden,  Henry    80 

i>'rances     SU 

Grant,  orisrinal    2 

Grass    Valley         ...376-378-381 

Graves,   G.   A.    .' 22  1 

Gra vesend    12  4 

Gray.   Chas.   S 22  1 

Thos.  M 22  4 

Great  South   Bay    .9 

Green,  Barney  R., 

139-322-332-336-355-363-372 

Samuel    163 

Henrv, 

210-211-318-322-334-353-396 

Abijah    223 

Cook  &    234 

Cai>t..  318-320-322-324-326- 
328-330-332-33  4-336-338- 
3  4  0-3)2-3  4  4-3  4  6-356-357- 
358-359-363-364-367-370- 

371-376-377 

John   H 353-360-364-370 

James  M 396 

James  R 396 

Charles    396 

Greenport.    16  1-218-233-323- 
325  -  327  -  329-331-333-335- 

337-339-341-343-344-351 

GrepTory.  D 396 

Grey.    Solomon    218 

Griffith,  Capt 176 


Griffing.  S 215 

Capt.,   318-320-322-321-326- 

328-330 

A.   K 320 

Chas 322-324 

SyUester    322 

James    K 396 

Sidney    31)6 

Sidney  S r,96 

Griflitli,    Wm 297 

Griffiths,   .Josliiia    267 

Groton.  Hattle  of 180 

Guadaloupe    186 

Guerin,   lather    225 

Guilford,   Ct.. 

56-66-175-178-179-300 

Gull   Island    9 

Gullock.   Ca;it.   Tlios.. 

123  et  seq.,  295  et  seq. 

Hacker,    David    12  4 

Drew    296 

Hacker's  Hole 11 

Haddam,  Ct 175 

Haert,   Balthazar  de 88 

Haidee     239 

Haines,    Benj 78-308 

David    193-288-289-308 

John     272-308 

Stephen   289 

Lemuel    2S9 

Samuel    309 

James    309 

Daniel    312 

Theodore  F '.  ,  .396 

Haley,  Dennis 397 

Hall.  Daniel 156 

Stephen   186 

W.  T 22  4 

Wm.  II ■.  ;396 

Hallock,  Robt.  C 223 

Daniel   F 223 

L.  ^^- 251 

Capt 338-3  40-3  4  2 

Franklin  B 397 

Benj.    F 397 

Halsey,     Thos.,     46-53-71-87- 
97-228-232-257-259-260-26  4- 

266-279-2Sl-283-2S6-r;C9 

Wm 53-376-377 

Jlrs.   Thos 78 

Murder    78 

Wm.    D .133-208 

JeFse 148-162-169 

&  McCaslin 153 

Timothy    169-288-289-31  2 

Henry 169-397 

Isaiah     169 

Silas 177 

P-lias    Henry    !  1 80 

Hus-h     188-224 

Capt..    190-31s;-320-322-324- 
326-328-330-331-336-3  40- 

364-379-381-382 

G.   A 214 

Lutlier 224 

Herman 223 

David    224-309 

Ricliard   224 

Daniel, 

232-289-308-268-309-312 

Tiffany  &    23  4 

iFaac     2S3-286-3(i8 

Flihu    .       288 

Simeon     288 


INDEX 


4(rJ 


Ethan    288 

biUanus    2S8-3ia 

Moses 288 

Stenhen. 

2S9-311-310-312-36 4-365-370 

Elias    289 

Mathew    289-312 

Nathaniel    '"'~ 

Joshua     308-310 

Samuel    308-353-364 

I'Tphraim    bus 

Joslah    308 

Jeremiah   ■309-:m 

Abraham    309-312 

Ichabod 310 

Paul    312 

Theophilus   312 

CaDt.  Ed 316-322 

Andrew    322 

Edward 345-374-376 

Albert    365 

S.   B 366-382 

Edwin    37  4 

Edward   ^\' ?'6 

Wm.   S 379 

Cornelius    :  !  li 

Elmer  E 396 

Oliver    397 

Albert  A 397 

Chas.  E 397 

E.   Sidnev    ?97 

Silas  E 3  97 

Wm.  M S97 

Jesse   C 397 

Chas 397 

Albert  N 397 

Halsey's  Neck .207 

Ham,  Edward    297 

Hamilton,    Cant 3  42-34  4 

Hamilton,  237-238-326-328- 

330-332-334-367 

Hamilton.    2d    328-330-332 

Eammond,  Capt 124 

Hampton    141-142 

Hampton  House    see  Inns. 

Hamoton  Park    6 

Hand,   John    .  .  .  9-51-156-17r>-22S 

Mrs S3 

Wm 153 

David, 

160-181-28D-328-330-334 

Elias     165-310 

Capt., 

4  90-320-322-324-326-340-3  12 

J.   Howard    223 

Silas     289 

Josiah     289-309 

Gideon 289 

Samuel     310-397 

Ej-ekiel    310 

Robert  F 322 

Edwin    C .■'96 

Orlando   39r, 

Shamsrar   "97 

Geo.  M 3  97 

Hsndv,  Aaron    397 

Hannibal         237-318-320-322- 

32  4-326-3  28-330-332-33  4 
Hardy,     Sir    Thos.,     189-190- 

195   ct  seq 
Harker,      Wm.,      46-47-48-53- 

257-259-260-261-261-266 

Harlow.  S.  H :  .  .  .239-326 

Ca',Dt 332-338 


Harrie-s,  Reuben 158 

Harriet izi 

ixixvi  iiaaxx,  Jo. Ill    '. .'! 

Harri.s    Geo 7  i>-.;u 7 — 

B.  Erauk 14  4 

Reuben    22  4 

John   2S9-:!is 

Samuel    oO'J 

Capt 32U-S22-321-o2.i 

Cna.s.    C 397 

Hervey    i22 

Jos.  C 397 

Wm.  P 397 

Harrison,  J.  J 22.") 

John 381 

Hart,  Joshua 2  23 

Jolin 310 

Hartford, 

4  4-57-71-79-81-91-213-272 

Hartshorne.   Rich'd    19 

Earwood,  Capt 336 

Hatfield,   lienry    158 

Kaugrh,  J.  S 22  4 

Ha',  ens,  F.  C 9 

Wickham,    S 14  4-326-328 

Henry    B 15  1-1S7 

Gabriel    157 

Daniel    ISO 

Beni 214 

G.  &  T 316 

Capt.,    322-32  4-326-330-332-316 

Jacob   346 

M 334 

Joseph  A 397 

A  listen 397 

Henry    H 397 

Chas.   C 397 

Ripley    397 

Chas.   0 397 

EIa\erstrite,  Ciias 397 

Clias.   B 397 

Hawkins,  Chris 1 80 

Eawley    Giles  P.    .' 224 

Hayes,  Wm 396 

Hay  Ground    122-221-22  4 

Kaynes  (see  also  Haines) 

Jeremiah     226 

Capt. 353-370-372-374 

Wm.  C 370 

Haywarden     101 

Hcathcotts,  The   124 

Gilbert     295 

Heath   hens    17 

Heaih  Fark    2  47 

Hedges     101-102 

Hedges    47 

Mi.ss  H.  B 12 

S.    0 39 

Tristrum    51-228 

Elisha  0 82 

H.   P 108-151-152-199 

David,    14-138-153-1S7-1S8- 

2S'<-2S9 

Jeremiah     152-3  14 

Albert    160 

Jonathan    169-174-176-2SS 

Daniel     169-288-309 

Reuben    1S6 

Capt..    190-192-193-321-326- 
330-334-336-338-3)0-."?  12-3 '6 

Stephen    193-200 

Lt 195 

Job     198-374-377-381 

Jesse    20  4 


410  INDEX 

John  N 206 

Elias    ^S^ 

J.   W 328 

J.  Lodowick 397 

Lyman  G 397 

Hedi;es  fiouse.  Saj?  H.,  seplnns. 

Heffernan,    Father    225-252 

Held,  t-lchard    :<97 

Helen 332 

Helen   Smith    214 

Hemi)stead     21-74-77-81 

Hempstead    Convention    S9 

Hempstead,  .losliua H9 

Hendrick^on.  Geo.  F 157 

Hennessy.  .James   397 

Henniijar,  Chas 397 

Chas.    W 397 

Hennis.  M 397 

Henry     Robt 397 

Henry,      320-.322-32 1-326-328- 

330-332-336-338 

Henry    Lee    332-336-367 

Herrick    4  7 

Mrs.    Henry    206 

Wm 222 

Micaiah     222 

Stei>hen   309 

Gcorse    310-376-377 

Herricks,  Walter  A 156 

Hetty    314 

HisrUland  Mary 346 

Hildreth.  Thos 51-228 

.lames    84-309-311-312 

C     H 129-222 

Sam.  T 148-236 

John     152-162-169-312-316 

Abigail     156 

Luther    162-213-312 

Revol.    episode    182 

Samuel    206 

Levi    219 

Joshua    288-309-312 

David     28S 

Peter    289 

Nathan    308 

Isaac     308-312 

Epiiraim    308 

Jonatlian     3U8 

Daniel    309 

Noah    312 

A 361-372 

Albert    370 

Oscar  A 397 

Isaac    .V ?«■ 

Hill.  John 312 

Hilver,   Asa    l'^9 

Hinds,    Partlett    222 

Hines.    Geo 397 

Hintchel.  James   115 

Hoffman.  F.  R 253 

Ho?    Island    22 

Hog  Neck. 

1-22-75-148-149-268-279 

Holdsworth,   Jonas    73 

Hollis,   Geo 221 

Holran.  Father   225 

Holt,    John    295-296-297 

Holton.  Wm.  C 397 

Homan    Gilbert 397 

Cha.s:    F 397 

Homes   HiH    74 

Honnold,   M.  Flmer   IPS 

Foonete,    Jason    235 

Hope     233-314 


Hopewell     57 

IjO;  kins,  Ldrtard   272 

LOJjper,  '~>r.   Idward    156 

Hopping-,    Daniel    3  1U 

Horses     58 

Horton,   Caleb    110 

Jonatlian     •■07 

David 307 

Capt 336 

Wm.    T 353 

Houses,   old    112 

Sandford    6  1-81-85 

,Iob   I  ierson    82 

E.  O.  Hedges 82 

L.   I  age  Topping    ^2 

Howell     82 

Augustus  Co  )k    85 

Albert  Halsey    85 

Cooper     85 

Haines     85 

Hollyhocks 112 

fdwin  Halsey 112 

Samuel    Bishoo    112 

Chas.  S.  Halsey 112 

W.  S.   I'ellelrcau    112-172 

Foster   liomestead    112 

Stanborough    112 

Thos.  Sayre   112 

H.  P.  Fordliam    112 

Elias  Howell    112 

E.   P.   liuntting   112 

J.    E.    Foster    112-218 

Herrick    112 

David   White    112 

Engle 113 

Isaac  Sayre   Ill 

Briggs    85-133 

Lindstedt    152 

Fordham  Tavern    152 

Payne     152 

Umbrella     15  2 

Ebenezer  Sage 152-Ui5 

^^'llitcn    Foster    152 

Tliaddeus   Coles    152 

Gelstoii    172 

How    Daniel.     16-17-18-19-53- 
100-1 01-228-2" 6-261-257- 

259-260-263-261-265-266 

Howard    W 223 

Howe,   Joseph    267 

Dan.,  see  How. 

William     267 

Howoll.  Fdward.  H-16-53-71- 
7  1-83-81-90-96-97-100-118- 
1  10  -  22S-229-232-2rr;-"r  7- 
259  -  260-263-26 '-265-266- 
272  -  276-278-279-2S1-283- 

286-307-309 
John.   51-71-87-89-91-92-97- 
100-132-133-1 '5-228-231- 
:J7S -27  9-28 1-28  2-283- 2.8' -3  OS 

Arthur     53-83-81-107-119 

Mrs.   Fdward    80 

"     house    burned    SO 

Mathew     83-169 

Theopliilus, 

132-1 19-17fi-232-3n9 

James      150-15  '-173 

Fllsha     151-232-309 

Lucretia    154 

Lemuel     232-?i2 

Nathan  P 157 

Syl\anus    162-176-310 

Nathaniel     168-169-308 


INDEX 


411 


.lehiel     169 

Phineas    169-312 

David     .  .  .169-2rs9-307-309-312 

Stephen 169-176-237-2S9 

Josiah     169-268 

Phillip     .■ 169-289-312 

Ryall    176-310 

Levi    -. 187 

Capt..    193-320-322-324-328- 

363-364-370-37  2-375-376 

Silas     204-314 

Charles     218-378 

Richard     231-308 

Benjamin     232-30S 

Thomas    232-309-312 

Jonathan     232 

Heiekiah    232-268 

Israel 232 

S.  &  N 234-322 

W.    G 234 

Mulford   &    234 

John  E 239 

Abraham    268-289 

Joseph    268-309 

Daniel 288-312-353 

Samuel     ..288-289-309-310-312 

Ezekiel     288-308 

Elihu    288 

Price     289 

Walter     289-312 

Isaac     308-397 

Jonah     308-310 

Zebulon     308 

Xehemiah    308 

Obadiah     308 

Zernbabel    310 

Jeremiah     310-312 

Henry    312 

Moses     312 

Seth 312 

Joshua 312 

George     320-322 

S.   &   Co 314-316 

&   Beebe    316 

S.    &    L 320-322 

S.  &  N 324-326-328 

N.    &    G..    324-326-328-330- 

332-334-336-338 

J.    E 326 

Peter    357-363 

Lewis    365-370-372-376 

D 377-378 

Sam.  W 396 

John    H 396 

John  397 

James   L 397 

James   R 397 

Wm.    G 397 

Henry  B 397 

Gilder    397 

Orlando    397 

Howes,  Ezeklel  H 328 

Capt 330-332-334-336 

Howland.  Capt 320 

Dennis   J 397 

Erastus     397 

Edson 397 

Hubbard,  Mr 191 

Hubbell.   Edward    225 

Hudson,    Silvester    310 

Hudson    324-326-328-332-334 

Hu>?hes.  Thos 297 

Hulbert,     see    Hurlburt. 


Hull,   John    \V -219 

Humane    Society    206 

Humphreys,   Humphrey    ....158 

Arthur     396 

Hungarian    237 

Hunker     Elora    397 

Hunt,   Edprar    9 

Harry  W 161 

John    H 161 

IdRar    Z 397 

Hunter,  Robt 12) 

Gov 231 

Huntinirton,     90-111-122-14  4-161 

Huntinyrton,    Abel    Ill 

Gurden    22.'. 

Iluntting-,   Renj., 

152-20  4-222-251-314-316 

Henry    H.    .  .  .- 157-397 

Nathaniel    176 

Capt 190-338-342-344-3'6 

S.   &  B 234 

James  R 2  10-3(0 

S.   &  Co 316 

S.  &  B.  &  Co..   322-321-326- 

328-330-332-331-336 

Huppos'ues   17 

Hurlburt,   John. 

162-167-176-288-289-310-312 

Huron    237-328-332-336-373 

Husted.   Har\ey    158 

Rev.  H 223 

Illinois    332-336-338 

Imperial    211 

Imprints,    Sag   Harbor, 

163-301  et  sf'i 

Indentured  servants    '..150 

Indian  Creek    Cal 379-^8:' 

Indian    Jail    235 

Indians — 

Burnlnu:  woods   12 

Place  names, 

14-17-26-41-71-129 

Dog^s     19 

L.  I.  Tribes    21 

Sachems     21-36-37-66 

Tribute    22-33 

Population    23 

Lansruasje    23 

Appearance     24-<0 

Clothinar    25 

Wampum   16-25-32 

Eood     26 

F'ishing-   -'> 

Canoes     ?** 

Swimminir    28 

Village  sites    29 

Wie-wams   29 

Eorts        30 

Pottery    31 

Stone   implements    31 

Shell   heaps    31 

Marriage     33 

Personal  names    3  ( 

Festivals     3  1 

Funerals    35 

Land 37-65  et  seo. 

Religion    3S 

Stone  with   foot    39 

Reservation 10 

Purchase    from, 

46-50-51-65-118 

"Indian  fields''  50 

Catechism    5fi 


412 


INDEX 


Troubles   with   whites 

68  et  seq.-78-80-89-167 
Slaves    (see  Slaves). 
Servants  (see  Indentured). 

Whaling    227-235 

End  of 2^7 

Industry   f i>J 

Infidel  Society,  Sag  H 162 

Ineraham  H 397 

Inns    22 

North    Sea    '7 

Southampton    72-110-218 

Bulls    Head    133-135-218 

Fordham    Tavern, 

152-159-160-204 

East  End  House 159 

Mansion  House   ^^^"^in 

Nassau    House    160 

Hedgre's   House    147-160 

Eldredge's    l;'-* 

American    House    ....159-li3 

Union  Hotel.  Sag  H 215 

Atlantic   House    219-253 

Hampton  House   224 

Iowa   237-364 

Ireland  Wells  &  Carpenter, 

332-334-336-338-340 

Isaac    (Indian)    u-H? 

Isham.   364-379-381 

E     B  374-376 

Island   Belle    214 

Islin  218-350 

Italy  '     334-338-340-342 

Ives    L.  S 225 

Izard.  Gen ^^^"1^:5 

Jackson.   Chas.   A 397 

Francis    397 

B 397 

Jacob,  Chas 311 

Jacob  M.  Ryerson    36/ 

Jacobs,   J.  W 397 

John    H 397 

Wm.   S 39  < 

Wm.  T 397 

Jacobson,    Terence    397 

Hector     ... 397 

Jacques,    Richd 51-228 

Robt 310 

JagRer.     John.     9-72-276-27S- 

279-281-283-286 
Stephen,     .198-365-374-376-379 

Christopher    198 

Albert    236-351   et   seq. 

Benj 307 

Jeremiah     308-311 

Samuel    308 

John     308 

Nathan         308 

Jonathan 309 

Klias     310 

Capt 332-336-338-340 

Austin     363 

364-372 

Oscar  L, 397 

Wm.   S 397 

Jamaica.   L.   1 90-216-218 

.Jamaica.  W.  1 141-142-1  «fi 

James   Lawrence    214 

James.  Rev.  Thos 91-118 

Jameson.    Thos 297 

Japan, 

233-238-244-337-383  et  seq. 

Jeddo 384  et  seq. 

Jefferies  Neck 75 


Jefferson,  _  _    , 

316-336-338-340-342-344 

Jehu  Pond,  see  Ponds. 
Jennings,  John, 

52-78-145-279-281 

58 

Wm.    ..'.'. 78-308 

Daniel    198 

J.  B 225 

Wickham     243-330 

Samuel .  •  ■  •  -308 

Cliapman     310 

Stephen     310 

Hugh    310 

Capt..    326-336-348-342-344-34b 

A     J  3^6 

Gilbert  W 397 

James   T. ^-39' 

Jermain.    John.    152-158-159- 

162-188-190-204-251 

Margaret    P 156 

Jessup,    John    87-90-234 

Isaac    151-289-309-310-312 

Robert IS!* 

Silas   169-174 

John  H 397 

Henry    30S 

Natlianiel    312 

Stephen -312 

Kdmund  A 397 

Chas.    1 397 

Samuel  D 39* 

Wm.   P 397 

Jewels   (Pierson)    128 

Jewett.  Wm 397 

John  Allen   352 

John  A.  Robb   3^6 

Johnes.   Mr 51-228 

Edward    97 

Samuel    232 

John  Jay 332-336 

Johnson,   Daniel    142 

Sir  Wm 167 

Col.  Guy    168 

John 265 

Thomas 397 

Alonzo 397 

George    "^" 

Rufus    .397 

John  Wells 334-336 

Jones  (see  also  Johnes), 

Klisha    141 

Elias     162 

Paul    169 

Obadiah     17  4 

Cant.   Paul    194 

Samuel    307-308 

Cant.,    316-322-324-326-32S-332 

Wm.   A 322-332 

J.    H 330 

John     397 

Robert 397 

Wm 397 

Jordnn,  Father    225 

Josephine    332-336 

Julius  Caesar    318 

Juries    99 

Kamschatka     233 

Kanawha.     3  4  2-314 

Keane,    Father    252 

Kellis    Pond,    see    Ponds. 

Kellog,    Xath 158 

Kelly,    Edward    397 

Kelsey,   Chas 158 


INDEX 


AVi 


Kennedy,    Commissiuner    ...153 

David     223 

Patrick .397 

Ketcham,    Henry    397 

D.     N 397 

Kettles    6 

Kidd.   Capt 126-127-131-143 

Killinsfw  orth    177 

Kieft,  Gov 77 

Kine,    bernard     397 

King    Julia,  Fountain 147 

King,    Samuel    1  TiB- 

Miller    198 

Capt 346 

Henry    B 397 

Harvey  B 397 

Parker  D 397 

George  C 397 

Horace     397 

Chas 397 

Wilson    B 397 

King-sland,  Oscar  R 397 

Kirby,    Wm.   S 252 

Kit.son,   John    397 

Knapp,    Mr 157 

D.  E 397 

Geo.    M "....397 

Knox,  Robt 297 

Konohassett     238-336 

Kyrtland.  Philip, 

46-47-48-53-259 

Nathaniel     48-53-259 

John     .  .-. 118 

Lacy,  G.  W 3  97 

Ladd,  J.  W 157 

Lady    Clinton    213 

Lafayette    237 

Laine,   Thos 223 

Lake,    Mris    76 

Lamson,   Samuel    ...326-328-330 
Land    Common,  60  et  seci.-63, 

248-257-283  et  seq. 

titles  to 65  et  seq. 

Landon,  Seymour 158 

Lansinsr,    Capt 332-336 

Larkens,    Jas 398 

Larkin,   Father    225 

Larkinar,    Cornels 297 

Lathabury.  A.  A 224 

Latham,  Capt 154 

Hubbard    161 

Peleg-    162 

Eden  S 162 

Latimore,  Mr 150 

Laughton,  John   ....106-144-145 

Josias     231 

Josiah    ii08 

Laurens     336 

Lautenschlager,   A 39S 

Lavinia    237-316 

Lawrence,  W.  H 158 

Wm 224 

Layers    out    101 

Layton,   see   Laughton. 

Learning,  Chris 83 

Le  Bar    Mary   139 

Margaret    139 

Lears,   G 397 

Leek,  Joseph   310 

Benjamin    310 

Capt 332 

David  C 398 

John  W .158 

Le  Fevre,  Maynard   ...  ....  .157 


Leonard,    T.   J 252 

Lester.    Chas 188 

Levant     33  I-33S 

Lewis,   Gordon   T 225 

Austin    366 

L'Hommedieu,  Samuel, 

156-162-169-328-330-332-3:^6 

Epliraim    213 

S.  L :'3I 

Libraries — 

Bridgehampton   ...219  el  .'eq. 

John  Jermain    251 

Rogers  Memorial        251 

Lighthouses 211 

Lisonee  Brook        148 

Linden,   F '. 398 

Lindstedt,   H.   M If. 2 

Line  Gale 237 

Liscomb,    Joseph    397 

Literary  Soc,  Sag  H 162 

Littlejohn,  Bishop   225 

Littlewood    Thos.   D 15S 

Litlleworth    72 

Lloyd.   John    123-297- 

Long,  Father 225 

Long  Beach    29 

Long  Id.   Star   1j63 

Long    Meadow    13S 

Long  Pond,   see  Ponds. 

Long  Springs    114 

Loper,    James    119-142 

Elizabeth    119 

John     310 

Capt..   322-326-330-332-331-3  H 

David     330 

Henry     374-398 

Mr 376 

Henry  J 397 

Benj ?97 

Abraham    B. 397 

Thos.    S 397 

Thos.   A 397 

George     398 

Chas.    L 398 

Oscar     398 

Lots,  £150,  etc 63 

Love.ioy,  J.  F 398 

Lovelace.    Gov 58-145-276 

Lowen.   Wm 14  4-398 

Capt 334-338-310 

Lowrey,  John    156 

Lucy     1  <)-'n  » 

Lucy  Ann    334-338 

Ludlow   (Ludlam)  — 

Anthony     83-84-85 

Henry   83-96-309 

E.   Jones    153 

Isaac     2  4  4-33  4 

Stephen 288 

Jeremiah     309-310 

Silas     .".■ 310 

Capt.,    324-326-328-330-332- 

336-3 '6 

L 366 

Chauncev    39S 

Silas 39S 

Luisres     G 397 

Lum.    Saml    81-309 

Mathew     309 

Lunton.   Clirls 78 

David  169-309 

John     307 

Joseph   308 


4U 

rr.^  308-311 

Thomas   "         .^3 

Lyme     i-uu 

Lynch.    Mjcliael    ...  ...  •  •  •i;^^'* 

Lynn,  44-45-4  .-Sl-SS-ST-Ti^J^i^^g 

Lyon.  Daniel  D H] 

&  Shersvood ^.^3 

Moses    -^^S 

Lyons,   J •  ,•, .1  ir, 

MacDonaUl    Ronald ^^jj 

Madagascar   12U-143 

^[^^f*'"?ates .■.■.■.lbb-104-107 

Maidstone     ■••••.■; vng 

Maiiiniu.sh     Daniel    ■ -J^^ 

'  '  J68 
seq 
398 


INDEX 


Mallay,  Jolin •  ••  -^ 

Maltbie.   John    •  •  VoViV"?  et  s 

Manhattan 33-J-iJ«d  ei  b 

Mann.  Wm •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  ■  ^ 

Mansion   House    see   Inns 
Marcus.   318-320-322-324-3.6- 

328-330-332-336-338-i^» 

Margaret    ....^ -'igg 

Margaret  s   HiU    ^^ 

vMark    . ■.■.■23"8-325 

Marquesas    "       oag 

Marran     Thos ^^° 

Marriage     ^q-^ 

Marshall  , j5g 

^I^r^'if  ^^'  •^-  ^ 268-269-30^ 

f^^l ;::: 379-351 

Mi.^1^ :::::::: 318-334 

Marllia  2d ib''?"?^? 

Martin.    Andrew    9')7 

Rowland    ^'^'^ 

Sry    Gardiner  ' .' ; .'  .'isT-S Vo-3 4 4 

Mason.  Robt • f^i. 

Masonic  Hall,  Sag  H-vVVi   104 

Massachusetts    '  ^'^^-^^i 

Matapoiset     ^^^ 

Mathews,   Timothy    31^ 

Maurisias     •  • .,"„ 

Ma.Kwell.  Henry  W -^^ 

Mayer.   David ^»» 

Maynard.   J.   W ^^* 

Mays.    Capt ^-^i. 

McAllister,    Alex ^^^ 

McCarthy.   Michael    ^y» 

McCaslin,    Francis     •  •  ■  •  l^^ 

McCorkle.   Capt.    .  ." 342-344 

McDonald    Davd   ^^^ 

Chas 9Q« 

Michael    .  . "H* 

McDougall.  Gen ^ '  ^ 

McGloc.   John    ^»» 

McGinnis,    Father    -^^ 

McGrath.    John     ^»» 

McGuire.   W.    W 2-1 

McGiiirk.  John    -^^'^ 

Frank     , iit 

McKenna,    Father    ^^» 

McMahon.   John    ^^* 

Mecox   Bay    13-14-15-85 

Mecox    Gate    ■°\ 

Medd.  Henry   .  . .  . Yih'itl 

Meeting  House  Hill   .  .  •  -147-109 

Meggs.   Ebenezer    300 

Meigs    E.   C. 39» 

Meigs  Expedition ^ ' » 


Menday,  Joseph    ^" 

Mercliant    ^H 

Meridian   ..qv 

Merton.  Chas -^^I 

Merwin,    Robt -^^ 

Samuel     gg 

Miantanomoh     .  .  .,.  •  •  •  •  •  -^i^.^ic 
Middletown.  Ct..  lyO-1 .  D-213-31& 

Milford,  Ct -"i 

Miller.    Hedges    1^^ 

Da\id     "  '  "  '  '  iG'' 

Judge     --^^j,^ 

Benj -      ,07 

Jeremiah     i^A 

Nathaniel     J^'^ 

Elea/'.ar      . ;  •  •  •  „q'c 

Abm 99^ 

c.  w -41 

David    M ■9V''-307 

Daniel    ^■*-  ^"i 

Josiah    'if.a 

Isaac    -f^l 

Nathan    ^i^ 

^Yilliam ^J" 

^""'i^'^^"     .•.•.V2V-326:332 

ktvi^    330 

George ?ll 

Nath.  J.    .     ^^l 

A.    H oqo 

E.    D 398 

Nath 398 

Cha:3. -^ll 

Mill  Pond  Head    i-- 

Mills if 

Sawmill.  Peconic   ;■.•:.,., 

Hedges    Fulling    v}\lt.''i 

Howell's     14-15-5  4 

North    Sea    '° 

Mecox :%i 

Wicks   i^-; 

Sag  Harbor    \cV-?li 

Berwind     '''■^"^e.* 

Hayground     !^-^ 

Water   Mill    -V,nViin 

Mills.   Richard    '^  ii« 

Isaac    Wl 

Kli;-abeth    |^^ 

Mr ■■■■    i. 

Mill  Stone  Brook l\ 

Mill  Stone  Swamp Vi'rhVR 

Minerva -^^  i-.iib 

Minute  men.  166-167-169-189-19  4 

'' John^'   TTT.  .■.■.•.•.V4--n2l30? 

_2__ 219 

Stephen'  .' 288 

Mohawks    ^^ 

Moheags    •^■' 

Money ^^  ' 

Money  Ship,  see  Wrecks 

^:^^i^r'v-i2--22:2:03-^^^ 

40-69-78-166-167-l-3-lS8-^^^ 

Montauk    214-238 

Montauk    .. ^^^ 

Montcalm    J.  A ;--.,rc 

Montefiore.   Sir   Moses.  .  Lj   -155 

Joseph    l.T  1-1.5.^ 

Joshua .ino 

Moody.   Lady  Deborah .53 

Mooney.  F.  J ^•'^ 


J.  F. 


.398 


INDEX 


415 


Moore.    John,    51-97-104-228-272 

Col lS7-lb9 

L     K  ,224 

Joseph'  ■.'.■.■.'.".".".'.'.VsV-sbb'-Xl  2 

Henry     289-398 

Benj 307 

Robert    o07-r.l2 

Daniel 312 

Thos 398 

Moraine 5 

Morehouse,  John 83-307 

Morgan,  John  J.  A 223 

Henry    398 

Moriches    1-157-350 

Mormon  Island 366 

Morrey,    John    126 

Morris,  R li>8 

Geo.    C 398 

John     309-398 

Morton,   A.   L 252 

Moulihroij   &    Street 202 

Moulton,  W.  R 398 

Mount  Verpon 369 

Moving    houses     114 

Mowbrey,  John   73 

Wm 225 

Muekett     Bristol    310 

Mi'lford,    John    .  .  .  51-92-22S-299 

Samuel    126-231-232-298 

David      169 

Deacon 197 

Wm 228 

&  Sleiaht.  234-320-322-32'- 

326-328-330-332-33 1-336-338 
&  Howell,  234-324-326-328- 

330-332-336 
Ezekiel,       234-334-324-326- 

328-336 

Capt 336 

Mullen.  James 39S 

MiT'-hv,  James 398 

Wm 39-^ 

Music 225-2''6 

Muskrats     18 

Myers,  Anthony    :  9  ■; 

Myra 237-247-346-348 

Mystic    22-335 

Nancy    316 

Kanticket   16-317-351 

Napeag-ue     30-42-196 

Narrasansetts    66-69 

Nassau    House,   see   Inns. 

Navig^ator  Island    244 

Nayas    295 

Needham.  Edmund, 

4  6- 17-25 6- 25 7-2F. 9-260-26  '-266 
Neptune,     32U  -  322  -  321-326- 

328-330-332-336 

Neva    334-338-3    0-:'  '2 

Nevada  City,   Cal 373-381 

Nevis 115 

New  Amsterdam. 

-I3-. 0,-19-57-77-88-92 

Newark,  N.  J 55 

New   Bedford, 

343-347-352-354-362 

New  Castle,   Del 137 

Newell    (Newhall).  Tho-^!, 

46-47-53-259 
New  Ens-land  Confedprpcy. 

55-65-70-7  4-78-79-91-119 
New   Haven. 

11-4  9-55-57-58-73-81-178 
New  Holland   331 


New      London,      126-146-149- 
150  -  163  -  i.so-194-i;m;-i;|.:{- 

214-343-354 

Newman,   Arthur    224 

Newspai)ers,  Sag-  H..  103  et  seq. 
New   Suffolk. 

329-331-337-339-341 

Newton,    Benoni     84 

New    York    City,    15-112-143- 
144-145-149-154-163-188- 

213-214 
New    York     (Cal.),     362-363- 

365-367-368-370-372 
New    Zealand    ..2  44-329-331-335 

Xiantic    334 

Nianticks    23 

Nickerson.   L.   D 224 

Capt 326-332-334 

Henry,   Jr 328 

Nicholas,  Cal 375 

Niclii.lls,    Capt 334-340 

Nicoll,    Wm « 

h  dward    152 

Anne    loO 

Capt 3  4  2-344 

Theodore    398 

Nicolls,  Gov 89-111-144-277 

Samuel    214 

Mathias     280 

Nile 336-33S-340 

Nimrod,  322-324-326-328-330- 

332-33  4-336-338-3  40-3  42-3  4  4 
Noble,       238-326-328-330-332- 

33  1-336-338-3  40-3  4  2-3  4  4-316 

Nominick  Hills 30 

Noonan,  D 39s 

Norris    4  7 

Robert     83 

Nathan   83-288-312 

Mr 153 

Silas 312 

Northampton     7  4 

North       I-aven       (seo      also 

Hogneck).      ..152-217-235-237 
North     Sea       51-58-59-68-74- 

140-142-1  I6-1.'0 

North-West    140-14  2 

Northwest    Creek    148 

Norton,    Robt.    F 158 

Nnrwicli.    Ct 23-195 

Notary  Public 101 

Nowedonah     22 

Noyac     42-157-217 

Noyac    Bay    1 

Oakley ICO 

O'Brien.  Henry 39S 

0'Calla£chan,  Father   225 

Ocean 238-318-320-3  16 

O'Connor,   James    398 

O.  C.  Raymond    237-330 

Octavia     237-31S-320 

Odd    Fellow    340-342-3  n-346 

Odell.    Richard. 

46-97-22S-230-2r.9 

O'Donnell.   Fatlier    225 

Osden    .lohn.    .'9-71-7  1-75-77- 

79-S1-S8-100-106-1  !0-229-?30 

O'TIara,    F.    J 252 

Ohio    332 

Oldershaw,  A.  E 39S 

"Old    ground"    50 

Oldmixon.  Sir  Jolin 154 

Old   Town         51-72-208 

Old   Town   Pond,  see  Ponds. 


•iltt 


INULA 


O'Neill.   Father   225 

Ontario.  318-324-326-328-330- 

332-334-338 

Ontario  2d 332-336-338-340 

Oruiiiaries,   see  Inns. 

Oregon     342-344 

Orpheus     19° 

Osborn  and  Osborne, 

John   1" l^'' 

Oliver    153 

Si'lieck      163 

Lewis     186 

Marcus    B., 

217-234-322-324-326 

Thos.   G 223 

Daniel    307 

Ste[.lien   310 

Capl 318-330 

Wm 328 

Daxis  C 346 

Oscar    334-:!:;6 

Osgood,    Geo 398 

Osmun,  Wm 30  7 

Otters    1« 

Overseer  of  Poor 101 

0\erton     Isaac    ^07 

Richd.   H 398 

Edward  N 3b.s 

Oyster    Bay    ..       ....65-132-144 

Oyster  Ponds    .. 189-191-192 

Pacific    238-346 

Packet    Boats    213-214 

Pain    (see  also  Payne). 

Joseph   308 

Abraham     310 

William     310 

Paine,  Elisha 138-312 

Palmer.   Benj 83 

Panama 

"324-328-330-33  4-338-373 

Parana   342-344-346 

Parblau,   T.    M 398 

Pardee.   Isaac    225 

Parish.  Act.   Inc., 

Bridsehamplon     87 

Parker,    .lohn    106-120-370 

Wm 162-353 

Henry     198-398 

Jeremiah     289 

Capt.,    322-324-326-328-353- 

364-371-372-374-376 

Frank     398 

D.    F 363 

Wm.    M 370-373-374-379 

Charles    39S 

Capt.    James    382 

Giles    398 

Parker's    103 

Parrisli,  S.  L 209-218-252 

James    C 252 

Parrish  Art  Museum 252 

Parrot,   John    123-297 

Parshall.  James   120 

Israel     307 

Parsons,    Elisha    190 

Wm.    Barclay    205 

Samuel    307 

&    Brown    340 

Partridge.    Asa    155-159 

Partridges    17 

Patagonia    317-319-321-323 

Patchogue    157-215-218 

Patents    89-92 

Dongan.   64-92-249-281   et  seq. 


.\ndro.s    92-276    et   seq. 

Seu  alsD  Deeds. 

Paumanack    ^  2 

Payer,   Thos sus 

John     3u9 

Payn     Peter    198 

i  t  yne,    John    152 

Silas     215 

Chas.   W 217-239-320 

Capt..    321-326-330-332-331- 

338-373-37  4 

Wm.   H 328 

B.    C -■  .336 

Wm 367-372-376 

Mr 370-372 

Chas 398 

Thos.    B 398 

Jeremiah     398 

Robt.   H ..398 

Clias.   C 398 

Elisha   H 398 

Elias   R 398 

Benj.   S .398 

H.  M : 398 

L.    H 398 

Payton,   James    398 

Pearce,  Aaron    158 

Stephen 310 

Pearsall.  214 

Pearson   (see  also  Pierson). 

Capt 322-326 

Peck,    Mrs.    Clarence    138 

J.    W 224 

Peconic     12-49-265 

Peconic  Bathing  Station    ....11 

Peconic    Bay    1-2-9-50-268 

Peconic  River,  1-132-26S-269-270 

Pedro.  Jo.seph    398 

Pegg.  C.   M 158 

Peggy    186 

Peirce.    John    297 

Pelham,  X.   Y 163 

Fell     Joseph    163 

Xancy    163 

Pelletreau.  Francis   149 

Elias     168-174 

Wm.    S 223 

Penhawitz   21-48-19 

Penny,  Joshua, 

186-193-191  et  seq. 

219 

John     So3 

Wm 376-377-379 

Alex.    H 398 

Pequots     22-33-79-119 

Perambulating  bounds 102 

Perea,  J 3  98 

Perkins.  Geo 398 

Perry,  Jas.  H 158 

Commodore    244 

Peter.   John    40 

Peter's   Green    151-237 

Petty.    Elias     135-309 

Jolin     374 

Mr .379 

Pharaoh.   Sylvester    24 

Stephen 24 

Phenix.    322-324-326-328-330- 

332-334-338 
Philip    I.     ..334-336-338-340-342 

Phillips     Samuel    164 

W.    E 398 

C.    R 398 

Phoenix  16 


Plerson.  Abram.   46-51-53-54- 

55*72-228-267-289-307 
Henry,      51-93-107-132-228- 
232-263-26  4-279-2'^  1-283- 

286-288-307 
Lt.   Col.   Henry.    82-86-113- 
122    el    seq.-231-251-299 

Gt   SGO. 

Job  .  ..'. 82-113-289-309 

David,    82-167-168-169-288- 

,      289-398 

Stephen      ...113-288 

Timothy     129-288-289 

Theophilu.s     150-169-2SS 

Klias    169 

Lemuel    182-202-2S8-2<?9 

&    Hildreth     182 

James   H 20  ■; 

Alfred 224 

Theodore '.'.  232-:^09 

Wml  H 239 

.Mathew     288 

Silvan'is    288 

Samuel     2<JS-3n8 

William    288-334 

Williams     288 

Caleb    289 

Charles    2S9 

John     2S9 

ZehvAon     289 

Jedediah      2^9 

Cant 324-328-332-3^6 

S.    B 334 

N.   H 3t>8 

Fnoch     398 

Alson     398 

Alon  o   398 

Alanson     398 

PifPnn    Geo "98 

Stephen 398 

Pigeons     17 

rike'-nan.   Pobert    202 

Pillsbury.   Ithamar    156 

Pino   Swamp    148 

Pinks    1^0 

Pinv.  John    64 

Pioneer    21  ^-3  '0-342 

Pirates.    122   et   peo.-13  J-137- 

143-165-294  et  sen. 

Pitt's  Island    rns 

Planter    214 

Piatt.    Smith   H 223 

Isaac    335 

Plymouth    2  4  5-336 

Po"-s-ataont   22-69 

Po"nt   BeVhcr   ."33 

PoUard,  Gpo.   H 398 

Pollev    W.    L 398 

S.    M 3  98 

Polonpis    121 

Pomona 35  4 

Ponds — 

T\^ain=cott     I 

■Scuttle    Hole    6-7-1  1 

Kellis     7-11 

Jehu   7 

Austen's    7 

Lon?    7 

TTToPT     ...  9 

Sf^-tT    '.'..'.'..'.'.  .is-i'i-s's'-s'i-sfi 

Mill  Pond   14 

Poxabog-ue    14 

Pound    29 

Old  Town    47 


INDEX  417 

Farrinston   47 

Lonsf   (Saw  H.) H8 

Otter 1).', 

Peter's     206 

Ponriiio^ue    42 

Ponters      Capt 3M 

Poole,  T.  H.,  &  Co 2.' 2 

Foosepatuck     1 1 

Porcupines   17 

Porter,   Stephen    l:',G 

Portland.     ..328-330-332-331-330 
Port    of    Entry,    see    Custom 
House. 

Portland   Adventure    119 

Post.    Rich'd,   51-101-228-279-281 

Fdwin    7  2 

Jeremiah 169 

Lodowick,  1S8-190-192-193-289 

S mo 

James 223-316-318 

&  Sherry,  234-237-330-332- 

334-336-338 

Wm.   R 237-310 

Nathan    288 

John     307 

Capt.,    316-318-320-322-370-     ^ 
371-376-377^81 

Geo 316:^18-320 

A.   G 336 

R 310 

Wm.     H..     353-357-366-372-378 

Wm 366-379 

Jas.    H ,.  ..398 

Fost  Offices   215-216 

Potosi     238-322 

Potter,    John    398 

ro:nder.   E' 398 

Powell    C.   W 221 

Power,   John    125 

Povabosue     4  2-83-140 

Poxabo^uo  Pond,  see  Ponds. 

Prentice.    Amos    162 

Price.    Kate    126 

Benj 156 

John 213 

T.  L 22  1 

Prime.  Nath.  S 156-178 

Printins-.    Sa:,'   H 163 

Prior,   Klisha    156-188 

Prior's    Sliipyard    237 

Pro'irietors    63-97-218 

Providence     4  4 

Prudent     3i i 

Pye    Cant 125 

Wm.  C 39S 

Quail    17 

Orarter  Courts 99 

Ounyle,   238 

Ouinn.  .lohn 398 

Ouirinis 56 

Ouocrue,     42-207-208-215-231-2 '8 

Raccoons     18-27 

Rafiert v.    John    399 

Pailropd     216-217-218-251 

Ramillir-s    ..191    et   seq. -195-197 

Pam  Island    :'2 

Ramsey    James    265 

Rfi  n'-'er    i  "-"ii 

Raymond.    Silas    200 

Raynor,   Thurston,    15-47-71- 

81-100 
Joseph,  90-231-276-27S-2"9- 

2Sl-2<!3 
Josiah    134-312 


418 


INULA 


Geort;^     198 

Syl\anus     205 

Isaac    231-232 

Jolm  W 398 

Wm.  C 398 

Read,  Francis  ^9 . 

lieauy,   .lames    399 

Reason,  Tlios S99 

Redfield.   Chas 398 

Henry  J o99 

Red    Hook     19 

Redstone  Henry    158 

Reed,   Fitch    15S 

Reely,   Kdvvard    399 

Reeve     (Reeves), 

Barnabas   F 158 

John   308-309 

James    -  J3 

Peter    366 

Refug-ees.   Revol.    ...174   et  seci. 

Reg:an     Robt 399 

Regulator     21 1 

Reid,  H.  A 398 

Relig.    Fern.   Cent.   Soc 138 

Remsenburg-    215 

Reney,    John    399 

Republican  Watchman 16  1 

Rescue,   Ammy    309 

Resolution    213 

Revolution    165  et  seq.-233 

Reynolds,  .John   158 

Rhode   Island    ..125-130-142-173 
Rhodes,  Mr.,  359-364-370-372-376 

H 375 

Sidney    39!) 

Rhody,  HuKh 398 

Richard    D.    Wood    243 

Rich,  Lewis   187 

Riclier,    James    194 

Reuben    194 

Riker,    F 398 

Riley.    James    399 

John 399 

Peter    399 

Rine     Peter    399 

Ripley,   Thos.   P 162-204 

314 

"Tom"    351 

Rippere,  John  158 

Riverhead  9-166-216 

Roads     111-114 

Scuttle    Hole    6-122 

Brick   Kiln    8-148 

Mecox    9-80-85-106-152 

Old    Beach    9 

Sagg  St 12 

Ocean     14-84-138-152-22  1 

Paul's   Lane    14-85 

Noyac    29 

Main   St.,   Southampton.  ..  .72 

Old  Town    72 

Bridge  Lane 80-85-86 

Fairfield    Lane    80 

Norris    Lane    83 

Bay  Lane    8  4 

Halsey's  Lane 85 

Horse  INIill  I.,ane 85 

Job's  Lane   (B.)    85 

Hampton  Road   Ill 

East  Hampton  Path  ..  122-129 

King's   Road    ; .  .  .  .122 

Lumber   Lane    122 

Huntington  Path    \29. 

Mitchell's   Lane    122 


Xew     LiglU     Lane     13S 

Sagg  Road    138 

Marcliant's    Path    140 

Main  St.,  B.  H 183 

Main   St.,   Sag  H.,   117-149- 

152-158-159 
Madison    St.,    Sag    H.,    147- 

157-173 

Burke   St.,   Sag  H 147 

Washiny:ton   St.,   Sag   H...147 
Division    St.,    Sag    H.,    147- 

ir>2-158-235-237 
Hampton   St..   Sag   H.. 147-152 

Sagg    Road     Sag    H 148 

East     Hampton     Rd.,     Sag 

H 148 

Glo\er  St.,  Sag  H.,  118-152-217 

Turnpike   216-217 

Kridgehampton    Rd.,    Satr 

H 148 

Wainscott   Road    148 

West  Water  St 148 

Union  St.,   Sag  H 157-1S7 

High  St.,  Sag  H 157 

Sage  St.,   Sag  H 157-173 

Henry    St..   Sag   H 157 

Howard  St.,  Sag  H 159 

Corwith    Ave      B.    H 183 

Bridge  St.,  Sag  H 217 

Suffolk  St.,  Sag  H 234 

Bay    St.,    Sag   H 235 

Roalt     Henry    310 

Roanoke.     326-328-330-332- 

334-336-338-310-342-344 

Robert   Bruce    237 

Roberts,   Robert    158 

Edward    P 398 

Roberts,    Henry   F 225 

Robins,  Sarah    120 

Robin's  Island   1-50 

Robinson.    Abraham    141 

John    G 398 

James   T 399 

Geo.   G 399 

Floyd    399 

Robinson  Crusoe's  Id 359 

Rochester     15 

Roe,   Thos 399 

Rogers,    Wm 51-168 

Jonah      84-307 

Obadiah    107-308 

Benj 153 

Zephaniah   168-169 

T'riah 169-174-222 

Nathaniel    169 

Chas.  S : 182 

Capl..    190-314-322-321-326- 
330-3  46-353-332-3  42-357- 

364-372-374-376 

Peleg    198 

Chas 220-370 

Mrs.   Chas 220 

John    222-288 

Natlian         224 

.Tolin   T 224-289 

Miss   H.   J 251 

Wm 289 

Jonathan 289" 

Zachariah    309 

A 326-363-372 

.1 364-370-371-372 

Albert    370 

BenJ.  F 398 

David  J 399 


INDEX 


419 


Chas.   N 399 

Roland,    Feter    1^0 

Romu"n',s,        2'3S-326-328-330- 

332-336 

Rn^p.    Ro'^t 51-21'S 

John     7S 

I  dv-iti     lU-398 

A.    T 153-188 

Abraham 

1F3-16S-187  et  seti.-rys 

Maltbie  G 15:3 

Saml  H 201 

Ste   hen     2R9 

Pa*^'!    A 289 

nav'd       308 

Martin     309 

Tprael   309 

Pa-^  + 332-310-34-^-3*6 

F.   H ?9S 

Ross,   Mr 36 '-366 

Ro   gh    &    Ready    di£r£'in''!=. 

370-372-37C 
■Prvrnd  T^ond^  see  Fonds. 

Ro-A-e.  J 215 

rovlnnd     r)a\id   W 1F7 

Rowley    Cant 340 

Royce,  Ca-^t.. 

233-330-332-338-3 4 4-^67 

Rudd,   John    3P9 

Ri'p-i?-.    G.    B 399 

Rus-rrles    J.  V 2B2 

Riishmore     S 22  4 

Ri^^pell    il 

Wm 8^-182 

Samuel     149-310 

Gpo.  J .■; 223 

John   310 

Rust    R.   H 1F8 

Ruthrr^ord.  C 223 

Rv'er.    Cant 336 

Wm.  H 398 

Rvlpnd.  TV^m 398 

Vv^pm.   W.   J 161 

Pp'-'^ath   106 

Sabina,    237-334-335    et    sen.- 

362-365-376-377 

pphr'n"-,    ]\Tr 19 

Raci^e->^'s    Hoip    22 

Snchem's  Neck    30 

par.TT-nento      36'-?fiR-37S 

Pacramento    Ri^er    362-370 

Sag:a»-o-^ack      12-18-42-80     et 
seq.-113-122-i  ^0-147-150- 

170-215-?9<1   et   sen. 

Sa"-e    Mrs.   Ri'ssell     129-152-251 

Fbpne-er.    152-155-160-195-196 

Saa-e-  Mill  Case 250 

oporo-  Pond,   see   Ponds. 

Pa  eg-  Swamr>    14 

Sag-  T^arho-^-  (for  mo=;t  i^ems  see 
se^prato  references). 

First  men'ion    147 

To-o'^ranhy    147 

settlement    148    et    sen. 

Fires  157-2'»3 

Attack  on   19S 

Fire   ^>e'^t 2''3 

fin^^e6vc^    Co 235 

Flliot's   ^lock    2?!5 

Cotton   Mill    2  '5 

Gas     2"^ 

■rpiiv='  "factory 245 

SasT  Farhor  Pavings  Bank..!*? 

St.   Albans,  Vt 156 


St.    Catherine's    352-354-356 

St.  Christo  >hPr 115 

St.  George's  Manor   41 

St.  Joseph's  i.ah.  Sag-  i-i....l57 

St.   La-wrence    316-334 

Salem     334 

Salmon,  Jonathan  H 23 

S?n    De-o    237 

Sand'ord.  J.  A.,  &  Sons,  Well. 7 
Ezekiel,     64-84-86-309-311-312 

Zachery 151 

John     169-311 

Nathan     226-312 

Thos 232-''09-?i2 

Josiah    288-312 

Elias     288-312 

Job    288 

Abraham    28'^-312 

Lewis    289-312 

Benj 289-312 

Jeremiah 289 

Zacheriah    309-312 

Ze   hf  n  ah     310 

Jonah     312 

Silas     312 

Dai  id     312 

William     312 

Stephen 312 

Cart 316  332-''36 

A.   H 360 

36' -370 

Henry   H 399 

Sands  Joint 18 

Sandwich    Ids.     244-35 '-363- 

365-367-378 
Panford.  seo  Sand''ord. 
San    Franc'sco     236-337-354- 

361-363-36  '-372-373-37  4-375 

San  Joaquin  Riv 362-366 

San  Ne\ada 237 

Santa   Fe    16 

Sarah  &  Esther 332-336 

Sarah    Sands    373 

Satterley    Cant 162 

Sattrrly,    Col 187 

Saunders,  Wm 29^ 

Sa\as-e.   Henry   A .'^S 

Sawyer    John    18'i-l';i--'S6 

Saybrook,    4  4-88-172-175-176-22.=^ 
Savre,    Job.     '6- 18-,'- 3  9"-228- 
256  -  257  -  2E9-260-26'-26r'- 

26  •-?66-28"-286 
Thos.       51-53-97-100-106- 
11-228-256-257-260-264- 

266-.'07 
Daniel,  84-132-1 '9-150-2?2-:^07 

Isaac    114-19S-309-318-322 

Nathan     133-.''ii7 

Mrs.    Ruth    150 

Jo'  n  C 153 

David         162-169-176-289 

Silas     rOL' 

Mathew    169-3  20 

Francis,      231-276-279-2-9- 

2Sl-2<'?-''86 

Stenhen    190-206 

Li'ther     19S 

Francis    19^-3'~n 

Mrs.   M.  C 21  ' 

TTriah     216-.''20-32i 

Mary    P r'l7 

John    ?"2-.-0n 

Tcbabod    232-308 

Rufus    249 


420 


INDtX 


James     289-326-3;iO 

Benj 2S9 

Ktlian     309 

Capt..    316-318-320-322-324- 

32S-330 

J 351 

F 316 

Gpo 362-374-377 

.lehii'l     362 

Spencer,      364-370-372-375- 

377-381 

Halsey 377 

.lames    S 3  99 

Malhew  H 399 

Scliafer,  C 399 

SchalT.    Mr 22  4 

ScliellinKer,  AVm 153 

Daniel     311-312 

Abraham     310-312 

Stephen   -^1^ 

Geo.    B 399 

Schieffclin.  G.   H 252 

Scliellinx.   Cornelius    ...127-300 

William     307 

Schotield,  W.  E 224 

Scliools — 

Southampton,  early, 

73-116-221 

South   End    222 

North  End    222' 

Academy     223 

Hi«:h    School    251 

Saj?  Harbor — 

Pierson    Hisrh    251 

Union   School    .148 

Earliest     158 

"Xew"     158 

"Old   Yellow"    158 

Academy     158 

Partridge    159 

Hay    Ground    221 

Bridsehampton     251 

Schooner     l4l 

Schouts  Bav 46-48-49 

Scofield,   Arnold    158 

Scoit,    .lolin    ....56-77-78-87-308 

Jeckamiah     77-268 

Jeramiah     307 

Scoy     Capt 190 

Scutlt  Hole  I'ond,  see  Ponds. 

Scuttle   Hole    122 

Seaburv.  I>.  W 153 

Elizabeth     156 

Sam'l  A 163 

.Jacob   399 

Seals    16 

■  Seaman,    Ricli'd    158 

Tom    214 

Seapoose    14-15-106 

Sears,   Geo.    H 399 

Sea  tiser 18 

Seating-  in   church.    107   et   seq. 

Seelye.    Robt 66 

Selleck,  Major 14  3-144 

Seponack 30-42-54-114 

Seraph    326-328-330 

Servants    117 

Setauket    232-269 

Sewall,    Sam'l    1  ifi 

Seymour.    Chas.    ...% 125 

Shackelton.   T.  .1 22  4 

Shatrwannock    129 

Sharks     18 

Shaw,    Thos 78 


Richard    151-307 

Peter  H 223 

Da\id     308 

.lohn     3.0 

G(;orse     37  4-381 

Shearer    F.  E 223 

Sheflield    367 

Slicll    bed    8 

Shelter    Island,    22-29-30-50- 
58-148-156-160-179-213-216- 

264-360-364 
Sheller    Island    r.str.)     ..214-279 

Slielter  Island  Sound 1 

Shenandoali    23o 

Shepard.   Sam'l 124 

Sherman.  Capt 326-332 

Geo.    B 399 

Sherrill   Hill 1^3 

David   S 399 

Slierry,  .John    144 

lost  &    23  4-237 

Shiland,   Andrew    223 

Shinj,-lcs    112 

Shinneeock    (str.)    214 

Shinnecock   Canal    1 

Sliinnecock    Hills. 

6-10-11-29-31-40-42 

Shinnecock   Ft 205-231 

Shipbuildin.ET   9-217-237 

Shiitman.  Capt 176 

Sliort,   John    399 

Sierra   Xevada    237 

Simpson,   Thos 123-297 

Wm 297 

Sinckley,  Robt    26  4 

Sins-.  C.  B 22  4 

SiFarl,  Francis    399 

Sisson.   Capt 340-342 

Skidmore     Sam'l    187 

Henry   A 399 

Skinner.  Capt 318-346 

Skunks lS-27 

Slate.  Capt 326 

S.    H 334 

Slaves.  Indian 118  et  seq. 

Xe^ro     ...121-201-212-238-239 
Sleisht,    H.    D.    ...9-147-234-236 

Cornelius  R 144-188-192 

Aus-u.«tus    157 

Wm.   R 157 

Brinley.  D 164 

Mulford  &.  see  Mulford. 

S.    H 328-334 

Sleisht's    Hill    29-204 

Slcane,   .John    212 

Smith,    Richard.    13-51-78-97- 

100-101-228-232 

Daniel     158-374 

Col 168-169 

Xalhaniel    187 

Judali     198 

Wm.   V 223 

Sidney  K 223 

J.   W." 225 

J.   E.  &  E.    .  .■ 237-314 

Plenrv    30  7 

William     307-309 

Obadiah     307 

Joseph    ,107-308 

Capt.,    318-320-326-328-330- 

332-334-336-339-342-344 

David 340 

Capt.  Sylv.  P 328 

Edwin    ;il » 

Rev.  Mr 362 


INDEX 


421 


D 374-376 

Francis    399 

John  C 399 

Martin     399 

Peter    399 

John    C 399 

Geo.  W 399 

•Smitli    Corner    86 

Smithtown    192-216 

Smut;.irlinsc    143 

Snooks,  John 399 

Snow    Elisha 399 

Snows    141 

Solomon   Islands    213 

Southampton  Hospital    252 

South    Ferry    30 

South   Harbor    229 

Southold,     37-50-65-89-90-91- 

92-110-112-120-1 I5-179-1S6- 

213-216-276-277-279-299- 

300-327-353-360-367 

South  Sea 230 

South   Seas,   321-329-331-333-337 

Speacer.    Daniel    399 

Speedwell    213 

Speonk     215 

Spooner.   Alden    163-186 

Sprin'-rfield 4  4 

Sproull,   AleK  W '....156 

Sauires,   Henry    182-399 

John    307-310 

A  braham 310 

D 314 

Stephen     399 

Geo.    P 399 

Edward    L 399 

Chas 399 

S.    Richards    330-334 

S.    S.    Learned    3  44-316 

Stafford- 35  4-358.  ' 

Staj^es   ..• 214  et  seq. 

Stan-ford,    Ct 77-143 

Stanboroue-h,    Jo^las,     46-'i7- 
51  -  53  -  59-7  '-7.'^-80-97-22S- 

256-257-259-291-309 

Frances     80 — 

Alee    ' 81 

Peregrine    81-i32 

Wm.   S 81 

Lewis    . 289-310 

Stephen     289 

John     30  9 

James     310-399 

Isaac    399 

Stanley,    Wm 399 

Stanton.    John     56 

Miss  M.   E 20  4 

Oscar  F 399 

Jos.  B 399 

Staten  Id.   S.   A 358 

Stearns.  Chas 158 

Steen,   J 3  lO 

Steenwyck    J 91 

Sterhani,    C 399 

Ste'^hens,  E.  F S'-206 

Thomas     132-231-232-268 

Wm 169 

Ma.i.    Gen 188 

•Cant.    .  . 190 

Ste'^benson,   Thos 223 

Fdward    267 

Sterry,  Ma.i.  Robt 207 

Steuart,  Mrs.   David 157 

Stevens,   Edward    399 


Hiram    399 

Slevenson.  Col 362 

Stints     62 

fetui.n.^,   i_arl  ol,   2- '5-18-50- 

261  et  seq. -276 

Stockdale.    F.    B 22  i 

Slocks,    Satr    H ir.o 

Stockton    Cal ;ib2 

Stone  fleet    2:i8 

Stonin---ton,    Ct 175-176 

Stony  Island    1  Mt 

Storm     237 

Sto  iprhlon,  Capt 22 

Gov .[...121 

Strafford.   Earl   of    i3 

Strangers    6 '-98 

Stintford,   Ct 66 

Stratton,   Rich'd    51-22S 

Daniel    289 

Strei  ts    see  Ror.ds. 

Strickland.    Wm.    P 22  t 

Stron'-'.  John    ''86 

James   M 399 

Chas.   H :  h;< 

Thos.    If .•',99 

Sturmy.   Chas 78 

Subn-arine   war    ....191    et  seq. 

Srccess    233-3'  < 

SuTolk  Co.   Com.  Corres 166 

Suffolk    County    Hera'.d 163 

SuTolk  Corn'y  Recorder  ...163 

Suffolk    Gazette    163 

Sutrar   Loaf    205 

Sulk's  Neck   235 

Sullen   roinc    235 

Sumatra    295 

Simderlrnd     Mathew     ..261-265 

SrnsPt   Rocr    22 

Superior    .  .  .233-2  '3-3 3 2-3 3 6-3 3 <? 

Surinam    1i2 

Sufc-an     3  •  '-3  '6 

Suv  arrow    Id 23"-'''9 

Swann      T.     A 22  i 

Sweary    Math'as    '.09 

Sweeney,  Capt.    326-."2^-"32- 

33S-379-3<!l 

John     3?ri 

Swee-y,    R.    M 399 

Sydney     367 

Sykes,  Oliver i5S 

Sylph     20  5 

Sylph    ■.  :  .  .362 

Sylve,   Joseph    399 

Sylvester.   Giles    58 

Sylveria,   Wm.  W 399 

Sythes,   Wm 3r-9 

Svmonds.    Henry    51 

B Hl-1  <7 

Svtlira,  Wm 399 

Taber,    J.    M 338-3'  i 

r'ant 3*0 

Talkbouse    Stephen 2i 

Tatrser.  David   310 

Talma.?e    (Taln-adveV 

Thos 51-97-118-228 

Shoball    •'•"' 

Jeremiah     '">'^ 

Robert     2"- 

Stenhrn ■'    ^ 

Daniel    2   ;> 

John         •  "' 

Wm.  H ?99 

Tarbell.    Wm "'  •» 

Jonah     311 

Nathan    310 


422 


INDEX 


Tate,  Capt.  Henry  124 

Taverns,  see  Inns. 

Taylor    Joseph    73 

John   73-156 

Wm.    A 224 

Peter    399 

Ed.   C 399 

Thos.   G 399 

Telegraph    238-322-32  4 

Temperance   Soc.    Sag   H...157 

Tennant,   Gilbert    138 

Tennessee    370-372-373 

Terbell,  Jason  M 144 

Terrell,    L 399 

Terry,    Thos 47-259 

Xoah     187-189 

Joseph         191-192-196 

Robert     267 

James     288-312 

Capt 34  2 

Jesse    A 399 

James   B 399 

Tew.  Capt 134 

Thames,  237-320-322-324-326-328 

Thames    II    330-332-336 

Thatford,   H.   C 399 

Thomas,  Xoble  W 158 

Dr.  T.  G 252 

Thomas    Dickason,    238-326- 

328-330-334 

Thomas   Nelson    318 

Thompson,   Gordon    158 

E.  J 180 

Geo.    L 224 

W.    F 399 

Thorn, 

2 4 0-31 8-320-3 22-3? 4-326-328 
Three    Mile    Harbor,    29-194-196 

Tienhoven,    C.    von    49 

Tiflany    &    Halsey,    234-336-338 

&    Bennett    334 

Timor,      238-332-334-336-340- 

342-344 

Tinker,  Chas.  W 399 

Tobacco    27-84-144 

Todds,   Henry    399 

Toll    Bridges    216-217 

Toll    houses    148-216-217 

Toll  Roads    216-217 

Tompkins,    Gov 192-194 

James    399 

Tomson.    Thos 51-228 

Tooker,  George  S 238 

W.  W 2  44 

Topping,    Thos.     12-15-59-66- 
71-74-79-81-85-87-88-89- 

100-107-176-308-312 

John     81-278-279-281 

L.  Page 82 

Elnathan     86-268 

Josiah   126-150-232-309 

Stephen     129-232-288-309 

C.   H 153 

A.   E 153 

&  Hildreth   153 

Nathan    153 

Ethan     153-289 

Jesse 153 

George     '. 153 

Edward. 

168-169-182-289-310-312 

Joseph    177-288 

Henry     ...  .198-289 

Charles    198-288 


J.  H 206-224 

Stephen  S 213 

He/ekiah     232 

Richd  S 239-240 

Paul     250 

Zephaniah     288 

Silas     288 

David     288 

SiUanus         288-289 

Abraham   '.'. 288 

Mathew     288 

Daniel    310 

Capt 316-324-326-32S 

Wm.  Owen   399 

E.   D 324 

"U'm 374-377 

M.   H 3S9 

I-:dward     399 

Albert  E : 399 

James   R 399 

Tority.  Arthur    268 

Towd    4  2 

Town   bull    Ill 

Town   Clerk    98-101 

Town   meeting 96  et  seq. 

Townsend,    F.    L 22  4 

Townsmen    100-1U9 

Trades    64-115-118 

Training,  see  Watch  and  Ward. 

Treasury   Id 243 

Triad,       322-324-326-328-330- 

332-336 
Triangular   Common. 

Bridgehamp'ton     .133-206-22  4 

Trinity   diggings 370 

Trippett,  John   158-22  4 

Tristan  d'Acunha    ..322-325-349 
Trustees  of  Common  Land, 

249-283   ot   seq. 

Trvon.   Gov 170-173 

Tully.  Walter    399 

Tunbridge.    Fng 80 

Tunison     .Auram     244 

Tupper.   Capt 320 

Turf  and  twig- 37 

Turkey    Hill    ...147-148-192-20  4 

Turkeys    17 

Turtles    27 

Tuscany. 

332-334-336-338-340-342 

Tuthill,    Silas    86 

James     326-328 

Ira      B..      326-328-330-332- 

334-336-340 

Capt 328 

Tuttle,   John  A 399 

Geo.  H 399 

Wm.   J ■. 399 

Noah    P 399 

Cyrus    L 399 

Twyeffort,  E 84 

Uber   (Cal.)    372-374-375-376 

Underhill,    John    144 

Unicorns   17 

Union.     160-318-320-322-344-346 
United     Colonies,     see     New 
Fng.    Confed. 

Upola     244 

Utly,  Jeremiah    310 

Vail.  Abraham 154 

John     ■. : 1R7 

D.    T 330 

Capt 334 

Vanderbilt's    route    382 


Van   Houten     "Prof."    219 

James  A 399 

Vanner,  James    297 

Van    Ness.    Adolphus    399 

Van  Scoy.  Isaac   363 

Vaughn,  Clothier  H 144 

Vernon,   Secretary    124 

Victory    237 

Village  Hall,  So.  H 137 

Sag   H 158 

Village  Imp.  Soc,  So.  li 252 

Voting    97-99 

Wade.   Nath 115 

Oliver    R.     ...235-237-346-3  18 

Benj 237 

&   Brown    237-344-346 

Ebenezer     310 

Jared   334 

Capt 342-344 

Chas.   B 399 

Wading  Place    9-S6 

Wading    River    41 

Wadley,   F.   J 3  99 

Joseph     ; 399 

Wagner  John  P 158 

Wainscott     .186-199-268-279-350 
Wainscott   Pond,   see  Ponas. 

Wake,  Wm 223-224 

Wales,  Salem   H ?"^ 

Walker.    Wm.    P 225 

Moses     /    ■ 

Richard     265 

John  H ,uO 

Wallace,  Thomas    377-381 

Walsh,  Nicholas 399 

Walters,    Robert    120 

Walton.     Henry,      46-47-256- 

257-259-260-261-266 
Wampum,   see  Indians. 

Wanns,   Alfred    400 

War  of  1812,  185  et  seq.-205- 

216-233 

Ward     Francis    158 

James    M 3  47 

Ware,    Jacob    3  o» 

Geo.    W 4  00 

Wareham,    Mass 325 

Warner,   a.   W 399 

S.    W 399 

Thos 399 

Wm.    H 399 

Warren    316-318 

Warren,  Mr.  363-364-373-375-376 

Thomas   376 

Timothy    399 

Warriner,   E 158 

Washington,  238-316-322-324- 
326-328-330-3  32-33  4-336- 

338-340-342-346-363-372 

Watch  and  ward 68-78-1 07 

Water   Mill    14-74-122-215 

Waters,    Anthony     230 

Waxworks    203 

Weather  Gauge 237-238 

Webb,    Silas     310 

Job     399 

Webster,  Daniel    ?i  8 

W.    R 223 

Weeckatuck   4  2 

Weed.  Levi  S 223 

Geo.   A 399 

Weeks    Theodorus 187 

219 

Capt 332-3  JO 

D 336-338 


WDEX  423 

George     400 

Welbe,  Geo-,  46-47-48-53-256- 

257-259-261-261-266 

Welch.  Jame.s   399 

Weld,  Capt.,  334-338-310-312-316 

Welling.   Thos 196 

Wells,  Wm 89 

&  Carpenter 312-344 

Morgan   L 4  00 

Wentworth  Meadow  ....147-148 

Werden,    Sir  John    146 

Wesley,    Steplien    310 

Westby,   John    298 

Westfall.  Capt 336 

Westhampton, 

86-215-2  18-376-377-379 

West  Hartford.  Ct 22  4 

West  Indies, 

141-142-143-152-1R6 
Westminster,   treaty  of    ..65-92 

Wetherafield    Ct 44-81-175 

W.    F.    Saftord    34  4 

Whaleboats     178-179' 

Whales    16-59^ 

Whaling. 

90-151-160-227    et    seq.-247 
Wharves,    Sag   Harbor, 

151-234-235 

Whedon,  J.  S 158 

Wheeler.  Thos 81 

Alee    81 

E.  S 157 

John .270-268-271 

Whii)i)ing   post,    Sag    H 159 

White,     John,     15-51-97-100- 

169-178-228-378 
Ebenezer.    64-86-138-153- 

288-289-299 

Capt.    Geo 72 

Henry     i:?5-22» 

Silas     135-2S9 

SiUanus    137 

Mr 150 

&  Iledsres    201 

Nathan    205 

Ephraim    205-308 

Mrs.  E.  P 206-211 

Mrs.    Hubert    206 

Charles        206 

Father 225 

John    289-292 

James    309 

Elnathan     309 

Capt 334-3  12-3  H 

Wm..     353-366-370-37  4-376-378 

Edward    357 

Edward  H 366 

S 367-372-373 

Geo 376-381 

Peter    400 

Hurburt  A 400 

Whitefield.  Geo 138 

Whitehone,  Thos 267 

Whitelv    Isaac    310 

Whitesides.   Wm 121-296 

Whiting,  Joseph    73-137 

Benj 308 

Whitney,    Chas 399 

Geo 400 

Whittingham.   Rlch'd    225 

Whittle.    Peter    399 

Wick.  John. 

61-120-131   et  sea.-2is 

Temperance   133 

Lemuel    134-169 


424 


INDbX 


Job   ;  .  .  .3oy 

Win.  H ..400 

Wickapogue     42-205-208-231-2  48 

Wickford     335 

Wickham.  Josenli    6)-iUi 

Col.  Isaac.  18V-188-189-190- 

193-198 
WisKins  &  Parsons. 

326-328-330-332-334-336 
Wiatrins,    rarson.s,    &    Cook. 

334-338 

Wiswagonock    42 

Wilber,  Capt.  Robt.  X.. 

326-328-330 

Wild  cats   18 

Wiley,  lienry  .1 '^U0 

Wilkins,    A.    M 22  4 

Wilkinson,   J.    H 400 

William     Capt 328 

\\'illiams.  Josliua i^7 

Capt.   2  47 

Rev.    Mr 366-368 

Harry .399 

Wm.    F 399 

William.son.   W'm.   M 400 

Kd.    J 400 

William  Tell, 

238-332-336-338-340-342-3  44 

Willini,',  Mathias  E 223 

Willis.    Chas 400 

Wm 400 

Willman.    Isaac    ift 

Wills,    V\  m 51 

Wilmot,   Alexander    ....133-309 

Walter     135 

Wilson    (Master)    145 

15(1 

Clarence  H 156 

Hugh  X 223 

W.  C .-'2' 

Wind  Mill  Hill    133 

Windsor      ^  ' 

Wines,    Barnabas    30? 

Hiram  W 399 

Winslow,  F.  C 383 

Winters,    Capt 330-3  t ! 

1 334 

P 336 

Jones    338-340 

Geo.    W.     .  .  .  : 'f>f> 

Wm.   S 400 

Winthrop     Gov.  , 

■  88-91-126-261-262-263 

John.   Jr 75-91- V 

Fitz.   J 91 

Wiscasset        33u-b.> . 

Witherly   Joe    123-126-297 

Wolf  Creek    373 

Wolle,  Joseph    30S 

Amos    308 

John     308 

Wolves     IS 

Women's   Miss.   Soc.   B.   H...138 
Wood    Jonas.   17-58-74-78-79-101 

Geo 51-22* 

E.  W.  B 158 

Rich'd    231 

Jacob    309 

Woodbridge.  Mr 362-368 

Woodlnill,    John    187 

Woodruff,  David 2SS 

Benj ■'"S 

Silas     289 

Elias        -.^.1 

Daniel    289 


Jesse    289 

Samuel    308 

Isaac    308 

Nathaniel    3U9 

John     312 

Capt 336-33.S 

Woou-.   Da\  id    399 

Woods    12-13 

Woodward,  Capt 326-:t2s 

Allred    399 

Woolworth,    Aaron.    10  4-138- 

219-287    et    seq. 
Woolworth    Agreement     see 
Agreements. 

Wooster.    Gen 167 

Worth.    T.    0 200 

J.  O.- 224 

T.   B.,   328-330-332-334-336-338 

Worthinsrton,   E.  D 399 

Wrecks — 

Circassian   25-247 

Sylph    205  et  seq. 

Gunpowder   Ship         207 

Helen     207 

Lucy    Ellen    207 

Susan     20  7 

Louis    Phillippe    207 

Ashland     208 

Robert   208 

Solicitor .208 

Money    Sliip    208   et   seq. 

Suyar    Ship    ■.  .  .  .208 

lAimher    Ship    208 

Hattie  C.   ^Vhite   208 

Emily    B.    Souder    208 

Mesojjolomi    208 

Mary   Rich    208-2  18 

Wm.    Creevy    208 

Ale.^ander  Lavalley   ..248-253 

Frederick    2  48 

Annie  C.  Cook   2  48 

Loretra  Fish    218 

Li;r/ie     2)8 

^^•alte^  R.  Chester 248 

Dayli^iiht    2  18 

Europa    218 

Hattie  A.  WHiite 2!8 

Beni.    B.    Church    218 

Panther 2  4S 

Lvkens  Valley 218-253 

.lohn    K.    Souther    248 

Otto 218 

Xahum  Chapin    2  48 

Augustus  Hunt 248 

'Geo.   ^    Jenkins    248 

Clan  Galbraith    218 

Wriqht.    Daniel     ITpS 

Nathan   H 399 

W.   W.   Colt    214 

Wyandanch,     21-22-37-69-70- 

78-230 

Wynch,  Michael    4  30 

Xcnophon    ..322-32  1-326-328-330 

Yeamans,  P^benczer    310 

York,    Duke    of    88-89 

"Yorkphirc''     89-279-281 

Youghco    22 

Youni?    and    Youngs, 

John    DI-92-267 

Christopher    307 

David   328 

Capt 330-3' 2 

John  F ^00 

7achery's   Point    151 

Zanzibar    233 


J 


\V