Skip to main content

Full text of "The history of Waterford, Oxford County, Maine, comprising Historical address, by Henry P. Warren; record of families, by Rev. William Warren, D.D.; centennial proceedings, by Samuel Warren, esq"

See other formats 


.^^J- 

-w^" 


^-^^. 


^^_^.;x^-^— 


/i.  ^ 


i 


NOTICE. 

We  call  special  attention  to  the  Index  at  the  close 
of  the  hook,  as  there  you  will  find  every  SUBJECT  treated 
of;  and  every  NAME  mentioned  in  the  volume  recorded, 
with  the  pages  on  which  they  may  be  found. 


V.  '^ 


/ 


THE   HISTORY 


OF 


WATE^FOI[D,  OXFOIjD  COUf(TY,  MjlIN 


COMPRISING 

HISTORICAL   ADDRESS, 

By  Henry  P.  Warren; 

RECORD    OF   FAMILIES, 

By  Rev.  William  Warren,  d.d.; 

CENTENNIAL  PROCEEDINGS, 

By  Samuel  Warren,  Esq. 


PUBLISHED   BY   DIRECTION   OF  THE  TOWN. 


PORTLAND: 

HOYT,   FOGG    &    DONHAM, 

1879. 


PRINTED  BY  B.  THURSTON   &  CO. 


Vx/ 


PREFACE. 


This  book  has  grown  out  of  the  Centennial  Cele- 
bration of  Sept.  1,  1875. 

The  Address  is,  in  plan,  the  same  as  given  at  the 
Centennial.  It  was  kept  in  this  form  rather  than 
thrown  into  the  topical  order  usually  followed  in 
local  history,  to  retain  the  life  and  symmetry  of  the 
subject-matter.  In  the  Address  there  is  much  of 
general  history,  notably  in  "  The  Sketch  of  Maine  in 
1775,"  "Separation  from  Massachusetts,"  and  "Trans- 
portation Facilities ; "  but  as  the  particular  is  best 
understood  when  given  in  relation  to  the  general 
and  comprehensive,  we  think  that  this  fact  needs  no 
justification. 

But  few  authorities  have  been  named,  as  the 
sources  from  which  local  history  is  drawn  are  well- 
nigh  innumerable. 

The  Family  Records  were  an  after   thought.     We 


iv;i27S87; 


VI  PREFACE. 

regret  that  they  are  not  more  complete,  but  a  cor- 
respondence impossible  nnJer  the  circumstances 
would  be  necessary  to  any  essential  enlargement  of 
them. 

The  report  of  the  Centennial  is  complete,  so  far 
as  its  Editor  could  make  it.  All  speakers  were  in- 
vited to  send  a  copy  of  their  remarks,  most  of  whom 
complied. 

Each  editor  is  solely  responsible  for  his  part  of 
the  book. 

Each  family  has  now  in  print  the  skeleton  of  its 
history.  We  hope  it  will  insert  any  facts  that  may 
be  gathered,  and  send  a  copy  to  Henry  P.  Warren, 
Gorham,  Maine. 

We  thank  all  our  friends  who  have  helped  us  in 
gathering  what  is  chronicled  in  this  book.  May  we 
particularize  Jabez  Brown  (deceased),  Thaddeus 
Brown,  and  Josiah  Monroe,  whose  aid  has  been  well- 
nigh  invaluable  ? 

We  offer  this  book  to  the  town — at  whose  expense 
it  is  published — with  the  heartfelt  wish  that  it  may 
do  something  toward  fostering  that  local  interest  and 
pride,  which  are  powerful  incentives  to  good  citizen- 
ship. 


CONTENTS. 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

I.  History  of  the  Grant  and  Survey  of 

Waterford,  1690-1775,  .         .  9-29 

II.  Plantation    History    of    Waterford, 

1775-1797, 30-68 

III.  Town     History,     1797-1820,     before 
separation,       .....       69-113 

IV.  Town  History,  1820-1875,  after  sep- 
aration,       .....         141-224 

RECORD  OF  FAMILIES,      ....     225-310 

CENTENNIAL  PROCEEDINGS,  1875,     .         311-344 

MEMORIAL  OF  REV.  JOHN  A.  DOUGLASS,  345-357 

INDEXES : 

I.  Of  Subjects, 357-360 

II.  Of  Surnames,         ....  361-371 


HISTORICAL    ADDRESS. 


We  are  met  to-day,  my  townsmen,  to  celebrate 
no  brave  deed  of  arms.  There  is  no  Concord 
Bridge  nor  Bunker  Hill  in  Waterford.  You  have 
come  to  hear  the  homely  story  of  how  a  few  brave 
men  and  women  conquered  a  wilderness. 

For  a  hundred  years, — ending  1763, — the  New 
England  Colonies  and  Canada  were  in  active  hostili- 
ty, or  recruiting  their  strength  during  an  armed 
truce.  National  hate  and  provincial  jealousy  con- 
spired to  make  the  struggle  between  England  and 
France  in  the  new  world  pitiless  and  obstinate. 

Three  generations  of  New  England  farmers  were 
trained  in  the  savage  school  of  frontier  warfare,  un- 
til there  were  bred  into  them  the  traditions  of  the 
soldier.  The  heroes,  who  met  and  worsted  British 
Regulars  at  Bunker  Hill,  Bennington,  and  Saratoga, 
were  trained  in  the  old  French  wars;  they  were 
comrades  of  Putnam,  Warner,  Stark,  and  Prescott. 
2 


10  ,  HISTORICAL  ADDEESS. 

During  these  years  innumerable  expeditions  were 
sent  against  the  chain  of  forts  which  guarded  the 
approaches  to  Canada  and  the  fisheries  of  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence. 

The  French  retaliated  with  war  parties  of  Canadi- 
ans and  Indians,  who  devastated  the  frontier  settle- 
ments of  New  England  until,  in  1690,  there  were 
left  in  all  the  Province  of  Maine  only  four  towns, — 
Wells,  York,  Kittery,  and  Appledore,  or  the  Isles  of 
Shoals. 

That  year  the  colonies  determined  to  carry  the 
war  into  Africa,  so  they  fitted  out  a  double  expedi- 
tion against  the  Canadas.  The  part  composed  of 
troops  from  Connecticut,  New  York,  and  western 
Massachusetts  was  to  march  against  Montreal  by  the 
way  of  Hudson  River  and  Lake  Champlain.  The 
other,  composed  for  the  most  part  of  troops  from 
eastern  Massachusetts,  under  the  command  of  Sir 
William  Phipps,  was  sent  against  the  city  of  Quebec. 
Both  attempts  wretchedly  failed.  There  was  raw 
bravery  enough,  but  little  skill.  Camp  diseases 
thinned  the  ranks  of  the  little  army  besieging  Que- 
bec ;  after  a  few  skirmishes  it  re-embarked ;  storms 
accompanied  the  fleet  on  its  homeward  route.  At 
length  the  shattered  transports  straggled  into  Bos- 
ton harbor.  The  pious  fathers  and  sisters  of  Mount 
Royal  were  as  sure  that  Providence  had  worsted  the 
English  as  were  the  clergy  of  New  England  that  the 


PHIPP'S  EXPEDITION.  11 

same   kind  agency  scattered  the  fleet  of  d'Anville, 
fifty  years  later. 

The  expenses  of  the  expedition  were  enormous, 
considering  the  resources  of  the  infant  colony. 
Phipps  had  paid  the  cost  of  his  enterprise  against 
Nova  Scotia,  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  by  plunder- 
ing the  wretched  Frenchmen;  Massachusetts  ex- 
pected to  pay  the  charges  of  this  by  appropriating 
the  revenues  and  trade  of  Canada,  when  conquered. 
In  her  extremity  she  issued  paper  money  in  amounts 
ranging  from  2s.  to  £10;  the  whole  sum  put  into 
circulation  was  £50,000.  This  was  the  first  expe- 
rience of  New  England  people  with  incontroverti- 
ble paper  money,  the  blood-bought  currency  that 
our  demagogues  tell  us  of  New  England  liked  it 
then  just  as  well  as  she  does  now.  In  spite  of  the 
fact  that  the  credit  of  Massachusetts  was  pledged  to 
its  future  redemption,  the  soldiers  grumbled  and  de- 
manded something  tangible.  The  colony,  though 
destitute  of  money,  was  rich  in  lands.  Besides  the 
millions  of  unappropriated  acres  in  the  District  of 
Maine,  there  were  great  tracts  in  central  Massachu- 
setts and  in  the  territory  between  the  Merrimack 
and  Connecticut  rivers  (then  in  dispute  between 
Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire),  comprisino" 
what  is  now  Cheshire  and  the  greater  part  of  Hills- 
borough, Merrimack,  and  Sullivan  counties,  New 
Hampshire. 


12  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Oar  Massachusetts  fathers,  shrewdly  reasoning 
that  possession  is  nine  points  in  the  law  at  the  least, 
concluded  to  grant  a  part  of  this  disputed  tract  to 
the  soldiers,  or  heirs  of  those  who  had  fought  in  the 
different  French  and  Indian  wars,  giving  eight  town- 
ships to  those  who  served  under  Sir  William  Phipps, 
in  1690  in  his  expedition  against  the  Canadas. 
These  are  known  in  history  as  the  Canada  Town- 
ships/ Massachusetts  had  another  object  in  view, 
beside  barring  the  claim  of  New  Hampshire,  by  pre- 
occupying these  lands ;  she  hoped  by  pushing  settle- 
ments into  the  wilderness  to  protect  the  older  parts 


1  Massachusetts  granted  thirty-seven  townships,  in  all,  in  this  dis- 
puted territory,  most  of  them  for  military  services  in  the  French  and 
Indian  wars.  The  eight  townships  in  New  Hampshire  granted  for 
services  in  the  expedition  of  1690,  under  Sir  William  Phipps,  were 
Bakers-town  (Salisbury),  Sylvester  Canada  (Richmond)  (Turner,  Me.), 
Beverly  Canada  (Dunbarton),  Ipswich  Canada  (New  Ipswich),  Todds- 
town  (Henuiker)  (Waterford,  Me.),  Salem  Canada  (Lyndeborough), 
Rowley  Canada  (Rindge)  (Bridgton,  Me.),  and  Bow. 

The  Maine  townships  indicated  in  the  above  list  were  subsequently 
granted  in  lieu  of  the  townships  that  were  surrendered  in  New  Hamp- 
shire. Three  townships  in  Maine,  Raymond,  Sudbury  Canada  (Bethel), 
and  Phipps  Canada  (Jay),  two  townships  in  Massachusetts,  Dorchester 
Canada  (Ashburnham)  and  Roxbury  Canada  (Warwick),  were  original 
grants  for  services  in  the  same  expedition.  Most  of  the  townships  in 
Cumberland  county,  except  those  on  the  sea  coast,  Buxton  in  York 
county,  Lovell,  Sweden,  Fryeburg,  Stow,  Bethel,  Rumford,  and  Water- 
ford  in  Oxford  county.  Jay  in  Franklin  county,  and  Turner  in  Andro- 
scoggin county,  were  grants  for  military  services  during  the  hundred 
years  of  Indian  warfare,  ending  with  the  expulsion  of  the  French  from 
Canada. 


LAND  TITLES.  l3 

of  the  Province  against  Canadian  and  Indian  inva- 
sions. 

One  of  the  companies  in  the  Canadian  expedition 
of  1690  was  from  the  counties  of  Middlesex  and 
Worcester,  Mass.,  and  was  commanded  by  Capt.  An- 
drew Gardner.  In  1735,  Massachusetts  gave  John 
Whitman  and  others,  soldiers  or  heirs  to  soldiers  in 
Capt.  Gardner's  company,  a  tract  of  land  six  miles 
square,  the  sixth  in  the  line  of  towns  granted  to  the 
Suncook  proprietors,  so  called.  The  present  name 
of  this  town  is  Henniker,  N.  H.  It  was  known  as 
Todds-town,  or  No.  6,  for  the  first  few  years  of  its 
history. 

The  grantees  held  possession  of  their  townships 
but  a  few  years,  for  in  1739  the  king  of  England, 
who  had  been  made  arbiter  in  the  dispute  between 
New  Hampshire  and  Massachusetts,  decided  in  favor 
of  the  claim  of  New  Hampshire,  and  the  line  was 
run  as  it  now  is.  Twenty-eight  new  townships  were 
thereby  transferred  to  New  Hampshire. 

This  decision  destroyed  the  title  by  which  the 
proprietors  of  these  Canada  townships  in  south- 
western New  Hampshire  held  their  lands.  Some 
made  terms  with  the  Masonian  proprietors  of  New 
Hampshire;  others  abandoned  their  lands  and  ap- 
plied to  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  for  relief; 
among  the  latter  were  the  proprietors  of  Todds- 
town.     Under  date  of  Feb.  26,  1774,  they  sent  to 


14  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

the   General  Court  of  Massachusetts  the  following 
petition : 

PROTINCE  OF  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  BAY. 

To  his  Excellency,  Thomas  Hutchinson,  Captain  General  and  Com- 
mander in  Chief  in  and  over  this  Province. 
To  the  Honorable,  His  Majesty's  Council  and  to  the  Honorable 
House  of  Representatives  in  General  Court  aforesaid  assembled, 
Feb.  26, 1774. 

The  petitions  of  the  subscribers  in  behalf  of  ourselves  and 
others,  grantees  of  the  township  No.  6  in  the  line  of  towns,  hum- 
bly showeth  that  the  great  and  general  Court  of  this  Province,  at 
their  session,  1735,  granted  a  township  of  the  contents  of  six  miles 
square,  being  IsTo.  6  in  the  lines  of  towns  between  the  Connecticut 
and  Merrimack  rivers;  that  the  grantees  were  at  very  considerable 
expense  in  clearing  its  roads,  building  mills,  etc.,  etc.,  in  said 
township;  that  by  the  late  running  of  the  line  between  this  gov- 
ernment and  the  government  of  New  Hampshire  the  said  town- 
ship was  taken  into  the  government  of  New  Hampshire,  and  your 
petitioners  and  their  associates  have  lost  their  interests  therein, 
together  with  the  money  expended  for  bringing  forward  the  set- 
tlement of  said  township. 

Your  petitioners  humbly  request  that  your  excellency  and  hon- 
ors would  in  your  known  wisdom  and  practice  grant  petitioners 
and  other  grantees  and  proprietors  of  township  No.  6,  in  lieu 
thereof,  a  township  in  some  of  the  unappropriated  lands  in  the 
eastward  part  of  the  Province,  or  otherwise  relieve  your  petitioners 
as  your  excellency  and  your  honors  in  your  wisdom  shall  think 
proper,  and  your  petitioners,  as  in  duty  bound,  shall  ever  pray. 

John  Gardner. 
Stephen  Maynard. 
Seth  Rice. 


LAND  TITLES.  15 

The  following  is  the  answer  to  the  above  Petition. 

Feb.  24, 1774. 

Oa  the  petition  of  John  Gardner  and  others  in  behalf  of  them- 
selves and  the  proprietors  of  a  township  of  the  contents  of  six 
miles  square, — granted  to  John  Whitman  and  others, — called  No. 
6  in  the  line  of  towns  between  the  Connecticut  and  Merrimack 
rivers, 

WJiereas,  It  appeai-s  that  the  proprietors  of  said  township  ex- 
pended much  money  and  labor  in  making  roads  and  other  ways 
bringing  forward  the  settlement  of  said  township,  and  that  the 
whole  of  said  township  fell  within  the  limits  of  said  government  of 
New  Hampshire,  for  which  the  grantees  have  received  no  consid- 
eration from  this  Province  of  New  Hampshire, 

Therefore,  resolved:  That  in  lieu  thereof  there  be  granted  to  the 
proprietors  and  legal  representatives  or  assigns  of  the  original 
grantees,  who  were  sufferers  by  losing  their  lands,  a  township  of 
seven  miles  square  in  the  unappropriated  lands  belonging  to  this 
Province.  Provided;  that  the  grantees  settle  thirty  families  in 
said  township  within  six  years,  and  lay  out  one  sixty-fourth  part 
for  the  use  of  the  first  settled  minister,^  and  one  sixty-fourth  part 
for  the  grammar  school  ,2  and  one  sixty-fourth  part  for  Harvard 
College.^ 

1  There  were  three  lota  known  as  the  Ministerial  Lots,  L.  9,  R.  5,  L.  2,  K. 
12,  and  L.  15,  R.  14;  the  latter  was  in  the  three  tiers  set  off  to  Norway. 
Mr.  Ripley  cleared  a  few  acres  in  L.  9,  R.  5,  and  used  it  for  a  pasture;  this 
lot  was  afterward  sold  for  $667.00.  L.  2,  R.  12  was  sold  for  $196.00  and 
four-fifths  of  L.  15,  R.  14  was  sold  for  $51.00.  These  sums  make  up  the 
ministerial  fund,  the  interest  of  which  is  divided  pro  rata  among  the 
four  churches. 

2  There  were  three  School  Lots,  L.  4,  R.  3,  L.  9,  R.  16,  the  third  lot  was 
in  the  three  tiers  set  off  to  Norway.  These  lots  were  sold  for  about  $1,000. 
This  $1,000  constitutes  what  is  called  the  school  fund.  Both  the  ministeri- 
al and  school  fund  are  loaned  to  present  or  past  citizens  of  Waterford,  who 
are  required  by  law  to  give  indorsed  notes.  Some  of  these  notes  have  be- 
come worthless. 

3  L.  10,  R.  10  was  known  as  the  Harvard  College  Lot.  It  was  covered 
with  heavy  growth  of  pine  timber.  It  was  sold  very  early  in  the  town's 
history.    Two  of  the  college  lots  were  in  the  three  tiers  set  off  to  Norway. 


16  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Provided,  also,  that  said  township  be  laid  out  adjoining  to  some 
former  grant  in  that  part  of  the  unappropriated  lands  lying  east  of 
the  Saco  river,  and  Col.  Whitcomb  and  Capt.  Gardner,  of  Cam- 
bridge, with  such  as  the  honorable  board,  the  council,  may  join, 
be  a  committee  to  determine  who  are  to  be  admitted  as  proprietors 
in  said  township;  and  if  any  of  the  grantees  of  said  township  No. 
6  shall  appear  to  have  been  compensated,  that  said  committee 
shall  admit  other  sufferers  in  their  stead,  the  expenses  of  said 
committee  to  be  paid  by  said  grantees. 

Provided,  also,  that  said  proprietors  return  a  plan  taken  by  a 
surveyor  and  chainman  under  oath  into  the  secretary  of  State's 
office  within  one  year,  for  confirmation. 

In  council  read  and  concurred  in,  and  Artemus  Ward  is  joined. 

In  the  month  of  May  of  this  year  an  outline  map 
of  this  township,  afterward  Waterford,  was  left 
with  the  secretary  of  State  in  Boston.  The  state- 
ment that  accompanies  this  plan  reads  as  follows : 

Land  granted  to  the  Suncook  proprietors.  A  plan  of  the  town- 
ship, of  the  contents  of  seven  miles  square,  granted  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay  lo  the  Kev.  John 
Gardner,  in  lieu  of  a  township  granted  to  John  Whitman  and 
others  that  fell  within  the  limits  of  New  Hampshire  on  running 
the  lines  between  the  State  aforesaid  and  the  said  State  of  New 
Hampshire,  with  an  allowance  of  one  rod  in  thirty  for  swag  of 
chain,  with  an  allowance  of  2,500  acres  for  ponds;  said  plan  was 
taken  by  a  surveyor  and  two  chainmen  on  oath  and  returned  into 
the  secretary's  office  in  May,  1774. 

The  lands  north,  east,  and  west  were  at  that  time 
ungranted  and  unsurveyed,  and  the  north-eastern 
boundary  of  Bridgton  was  not  well  defined.  The 
two  north-western  lots,  1  and  2,  Kange   14,  beyond 


SUKVEY  OF  WATERFORD. 


17 


the  Kezar  ponds,  were  considered  worthless  by  the 
surveyor,  so  lines  were  not  run  around  them  ;  fifty 
years  later  they  were  valuable  timber  lots.  The 
surveyor  could  not  find  the  north-west  boundary 
line  of  Bridgton,^  so  he  surveyed  but  half  lots  in  the 
south-west  corner  of  the  town, — Range  1,  lots  1,  2, 
3,  4, — and  in  compensation  for  the  loss  took  from 
the  unassigned  State  lands  on  the  north  of  Water- 
ford,  now  Albany,  lots  1,  2,  3,  4,  in  north  Range  1. 

This  survey,  ordered  by  the  State,  was  preliminary 
to  the  survey  ordered  by  the  proprietors.  The  first 
survey  outlined  the  town,  the  second  supplied  the 
Range  and  cross  lines,  or  in  local  phrase,  the  warp 
and  filling.  Mr.  Jabez  Brown,  of  Stow,  Mass.,  and 
Col.  Joseph  Frye,  of  Pequawkett,2  with  ten  assist- 


1  That  part  of  Bridgton  was  not  lotted  until  1793,  and  was  very  im- 
perfectly surveyed. 

2  Fryeburg, 

I  give  the  meanings  of  some  of  the  Indian  names  that  were  applied 
to  ponds,  rivers,  and  localities  in  this  section  of  Maine,  copied  from 
the  Reports  of  the  Maine  Historical  Society,  volume  4,  which  may  be 
received  for  what  they  are  worth;  probably  not  strictly  accurate. 

Androscoggin,  high  fish  place. 

Casco,  place  of  victoiy. 

Coos,  cuckoo. 

Keersarge,  high  place. 

Ossipee,  pine  river. 

Penacook,  nut  place. 

Pequawkett,  crooked  place,  pelican,  sandy  land. 

Suncook,  goose  place.  [For  others  see  note  next  page.] 


18  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

ants,  conducted  this  second  survey  commencing 
early  in  the  summer  of  1774.  It  was  their  inten- 
tion to  divide  the  town  into  lots  of  160  acres  each. 

The  land  was  of  little  value,  the  hills  and  ponds 
were  just  as  numerous  then  as  now,  their  time  was 
limited,  so  the  surveyors  run  their  lines  carelessly. 
The  cross  lines  north  and  south  were  run  at  very 
unequal  distances  from  each  other,  the  extremes  of 
inequality  being  in  the  ratio  of  7  to  12.  Tradition 
says  the  Range  lines  east  and  west  were  run  as  fol- 
lows :  One  surveyor  took  the  east  the  other  took 
the  west  township  lines,  hoping  to  meet ;  sometimes 
they  met,  more  often  they  did  not,  thus  making 
"jogs."  The  unequal  distance  of  our  cross  lines  ac- 
counts in  the  main  for  the  inequality  in  area  of  our 
lots,  varying  in  size  as  they  do  from  120  to  254 
acres ;  the  careless  running  of  those  Range  lines  ex- 
plains our  "jog"  lots. 

The  surveyors  feared  that  they  would  not  com- 
plete their  work  before  winter,  so  in  the  fall  of  1774 
Mr.  Russell,  of  Pequawkett,  was  added  to  the  survey- 
ing party.  He  had  a  fancy  that  it  was  not  neces- 
sary to  set  a  compass  but  once  in  running  a  line. 


Sebago  or  Tabaga,  meeting  of  waters  or  great  water. 
Songo,  where  the  trap  sprung  and  failed  to  catch  the  game. 
Saccarappa,  where  it  empties  toward  the  rising  sun. 
Sabattis.    This  is  a  corruption  of  Jean  Baptiste,  a  name  often  given 
Indian  converts  by  the  French  missionaries. 


SURVEY  OF  WATERFORD.  19 

This  conceit  of  his  may  account  for  some  of  the 
most  ragged  lines.  Chaplin's  map,  while  generally 
accurate,  fails  to  show  all  the  eccentricities  in  the 
lots  of  Waterford. 

The  surveying  party  was  supplied  with  food  by  a 
pack  man,  Daniel  Barker,^  who  "  backed  "  provisions 
from  Stevens  Brook.'^  After  finishing  their  work 
the  surveyors  compared  notes  and  came  to  the  fol- 
lowing conclusion ;  that  "  the  devil  would  be  to  pay  " 
when  settlers  came  in  and  found  their  160  acre  lots 
varying  in  size  from  120  to  254  acres,  and  that  they 
would  grow  dizzy  in  trying  to  follow  the  zigzag 
Eange  lines. 

Tradition  says  that  later  the  proprietors  sent  sur- 
veyors to  re-run  the  lots ;  but  settlers  had  come  in 
and  the  surveyors  saw  that  it  would  lead  to  endless 
confusion,  so  they  returned  to  Boston,  leaving  the 
snarl  of  lines  unraveled.  The  proprietors  now  threw 
their  lands  on  the  market. 


1  This  Barker,  who  afterward  settled  on  lot  3,  R.  4,  was  a  giant  in 
strength.  He  would  leave  his  house,  near  the  foot  of  Meeting  House 
hill,  in  the  morning,  walk  over  Beech  hill  to  Major  Samuel  Warren's, — 
four  miles, — reap  an  acre  of  rye,  bind  and  shock  it,  take  a  bushel  of 
corn  for  his  pay,  and  "  back  "  it  home. 

2  Bridgton  Center.  The  mills  were  half  way  between  the  lower  vil- 
lage at  Bridgton  Center  and  Long  pond.  They  were  built  by  Jacob 
Stevens,  of  Andover,  Mass. 


20 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


Let  US  briefly  glance  at  Maine  as  it  was  one  hun- 
dred years  ago.  The  Province  at  that  time  was  di- 
vided into  three  counties,  York,  Cumberland,  and 
Lincoln.  This  division  was  made  in  1760.^  York 
county  included  the  territory  within  its  present  lim- 
its. Flints-town,^  Bridge-town,^  and  the  westerly  half 
of  Oxford  county.  The  eastern  county  line  run  as 
now  to  the  southern  boundary  line  of  Flints-town, 
thence  it  run  to  the  center  of  Sebago  pond,  thence 
north  through  Sebago  and  Long  ponds,  between 
Waterford  and  Cummings  Purchase,^  Oxford  ^  and 
No.  4,^  Sudbury  Canada^  and  New  Penacook,*  to 
Canada  line. 

Along  the  coast  were  old  towns  whose  settlement 
dated  back  to  the  earliest  history  of  New  England. 
All  of  these,  Kittery,^  Wells-town,"  Arundel,"  and 
Pepperelborough,^^  were  settled  before  1645,  and 
most  of  them  ten  years  earlier,  as  was  Berwick," 


1  Previous  to  that  date  York  county  included  the  whole  territory  of 
the  present  State.  York  was  the  shire  town,  where  all  jury  trials  were 
held  except  those  of  a  minor  class.  At  that  date  the  population  of 
the  Province  was  about  17,000. 

2  Baldwin,  Sebago,  and  part  of  Naples. 

2  Bridgton,  part  of  Harrison,  and  a  part  of  Naples. 
*  Norway.  ^  Albany, 

6  Greenwood.  ^  Bethel  and  Hanover. 

8  Rumford.  »  Kittery  and  Elliot. 

1°  Wells  and  Kennebunk.    "  Kennebunkport. 

12  Saco.  18  Berwick,  No.  Berwick,  and  So.  Berwick 

Wherever  in  this  address  the  towns  are  not  referred  to  in  a  foot  note 
the  name  and  limits  are  the  same  now  as  in  1775. 


SKETCH  OF  MAINE.  21 

Newichawannock  of  our  early  New  England  history. 
These  towns  had  a  population  of  about  10,000. 

Beside  farming  they  manufactured  lumber  exten- 
sively, which  they  sent  in  ships,  built  in  their  own 
yards,  to  the  coast  towns  and  to  the  West  Indies, 
exchanging  it  for  the  luxuries  of  tea,  coffee,  rum, 
molasses,  and  sugar,  or  for  the  manufactured  goods  of 
Europe,  which  they  distributed  through  York  county 
and  upper  New  Hampshire  until  the  railroads  de- 
stroyed them  as  local  centers  of  trade.  What  was 
true  of  the  coast  towns  of  York  county  was  true  of 
those  of  Cumberland.  The  relative  importance  of 
these  towns  then  was  tenfold  greater  than  now, 
with  the  exception,  perhaps,  of  Biddeford  and 
Falmouth  Neck  (Portland).  Their  absolute  wealth 
at  that  time  was  sufficient  to  give  them  a  respecta- 
ble position  among  the  old  towns  of  Massachusetts. 

Back  of  this  tier  of  coast  towns  was  Berwick  and 
what  were  called  new  towns, — Sanford,^  Lebanon, 
and  Buxton.  Above  these  towns  were  the  following 
plantations, — Coxhall,^  Little  Falls/  Hubbards-town,* 
Parson-town,^  Massabesic,^  Ossipee,^  Flints-town,^ 
Bridge-town,®  the  Pequawkett  grant,^°  Brownsfield," 

1  Sanford  and  Alfred. 

2  Lyman.  SHollis. 

*  Newfield.  ^  Parsonsfleld. 
^  Waterborough.  ^  Limington. 

*  Baldwin.  *  Bridgton. 

10  Fryeburg  and  Stow.  "  Brownfield. 


22  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

and  Sudbury  Canada.  These  plantations,  except 
Coxhall,  the  Pequawkett  grant,  and  Brownsfield, 
were  not  settled  until  after  1767,  and  had  but  a 
handful  of  inhabitants  each.  The  Pequawkett  grant 
and  Brownsfield  had  a  population  of  five  hundred  or 
more.^  Sudbury  Canada  was  a  wilderness,  save 
where  Lieut.  Nathaniel  Segar  had  cleared  a  few 
acres  in  1774.  A  few  townships,  as  Waterford  and 
New  Suncook,^  had  been  surveyed  and  were  await- 
ing settlers. 

Except  at  the  three  places  that  I  have  mentioned 
western  Oxford  county  was  an  unsettled  and  for  the 
most  part  an  unsurveyed  wilderness. 

Through  the  coast  tier  of  towns  to  Falmouth 
Neck,  and  beyond  to  Georgetown,^  Belfast,  and  Ma- 
chiasport,  wound  a  rough  cart  road,  so  near  impassa- 
ble that  twelve  years  later  the  stage  was  two  days 
in  making  the  trip  from  Portsmouth  to  Stroudwater, 
Falmouth  Neck, — less  than  sixty  miles.     For  fifteen 

1  Lovel  and  Sweden. 

2  Georgetown,  Phipsburg,  Arrowsic,  and  Bath. 

2  In  1768  Capt.  H.  Young  Brown,  the  proprietor  of  Brownfield,  who 
lived  in  Pequawkett,  told  Rev.  Paul  Coffin,  d.  d.,  that  there  were  in 
Fryeburg  and  his  town  (Brownfield)  300  souls,  100  fighting  men.  This 
ratio  of  able  bodied  men  to  population,  1  to  3,  held  good  in  all  the  new 
towns  for  the  first  ten  years  of  their  liistory.  Capt.  Brown  was  an  of- 
ficer in  the  French  war  and  was  a  prominent  man  of  his  times  in  west- 
ern Maine.  He  owned  at  one  time  23,544  acres  of  land,  all  the  town- 
ship of  Brownfield. 


SKETCH  OF  MAINE.  23 

years  a  postman  had  carried  the  mail  to  Falmouth 
Neck  from  Portsmouth  over  it,  and  tradition  says 
that  a  brave  dog  during  the  last  French  war  carried 
the  mail  tied  around  his  neck  from  Portsmouth  to 
Wells-town.  The  hero  was  shot  by  the  Indians 
while  on  duty. 

From  Pepperelborough  north  to  Pequawkett, 
through  Little  Falls,  Ossipee,  and  Brownsfield,  ran 
a  rude  way,  well  nigh  impassable  for  teams  save  in 
winter.^  In  the  summer  the  river  was  commonly 
used  in  spite  of  its  many  rapids.  Down  its  swift 
currents  floated  bateaux,  for  supplies  from  the  coast 
towns. 


1  Eev.  Paul  Coffin,  d.d.,  of  Buxton,  in  his  "Ride  to  Piquackett,"  in 
1768,  speaks  of  making  tlie  trip  from  Saco  river,  in  Buxton,  in  thirteen 
hours  and  a  half,  being  on  his  horse  eleven  hours.  This  road  was 
much  better  than  most  of  the  north  and  south  roads  in  "Maine  at  that 
time,  as  it  ran  over  pine  plains  most  of  the  way.  The  state  of  the 
roads  in  Maine  in  1775  may  be  judged  from  the  following  note  to  the 
memory  of  Rev.  Paul  Coffin,  d.d.,  published  in  Maine  Historical  Soci- 
ety Collections,  volume  4. 

"  In  July,  1777,  Stephen  Gorham,  Esq.,  late  of  Boston,  with  his 
wife,  commenced  a  journey  to  Buxton  to  visit  his  sister  Coffin.  They 
traveled  to  Saco  in  a  chaise,  but  were  here  advised  not  to  attempt  to 
go  in  a  chaise  to  Buxton,  as  no  vehicle  of  the  kind  had  ever  passed  on 
the  road.  But  his  wife  being  unaccustomed  to  riding  on  a  pillion  he 
made  the  attempt  and  was  four  hours  on  the  road,  walking  himself  to 
steady  the  chaise.  Dr.  Coffin,  Mr.  Gorham,  and  their  wives  beino-  de- 
sirous to  visit  the  late  Judge  William  Gorham,  of  Gorham,  a  relative 
ten  miles  distant  by  the  then  road,  were  obliged  to  try  the  pillion." 
Yet  both  Gorham  and  Buxton  had  been  incorporated  towns  for  twelve 
years  and  more,  and  had  a  population  of  perhaps  500  each. 


24  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Across  from  the  head  of  Winnipiseogee  lake  to 
Ossipee  pond,  thence  to  the  Saco  river,  straight  as 
an  arrow,  stretched  the  bloody  trail  over  which  the 
Sokokis  Indians  and  their  Canadian  allies  swept 
down  upon  the  brave  settlers  on  the  Piscataqua,  un- 
til Lovewell  and  his  heroes,  following  them  to  their 
mountain  fastness,  well  nigh  exterminated  them. 

Over  this  trail  came  Col.  Frye,  the  hero  of  Fort 
William  Henry  (who  begged  Monroe  to  allow  him 
to  cut  his  way  through  the  Indian  and  Canadian 
savages  of  Montcalm),  the  Osgoods,  Bradleys,  Fes- 
sendens,  Capt.  Brown,  and  others  to  the  infant 
settlements  on  the  Saco ;  over  it  too  came  the  Twitch- 
ells,  Ingalls,  Chapmans,  Burbanks,  and  Grovers,  who 
pushed  on  to  the  Androscoggin  by  the  "  Scoggin  road." 
When  famine  threatened  the  infant  settlement  at 
Pequawkett,  in  the  winter  of  1766,  men  were  sent 
on  snow  shoes  to  Concord,  N.  H.,  for  food,  and  over 
this  trail  they  hauled  in  supplies  on  moose  sleds.  It 
was  used  for  years,  until  it  was  superseded  by  a 
road  which  followed  about  in  the  same  course. 

From  Pequawkett,  by  way  of  great  Kezar  pond, 
over  Sabattis  mountain  to  the  Waterford  Kezars, 
under  Bald  Pate  and  Rattle-snake  mountains,  near 
the  Albany  basins,  by  Songo  pond  to  the  Androscog- 
gin, just  above  Bethel  hill,  run  the  Scoggin  or  Pe- 
quawkett trail.  It  branched  at  the  foot  of  Bald  Pate 
in  Waterford,  and  ran  over  Beech  hill,  by  Mutiny 


SKETCH  OF  MAINE.  25 

brook,  west  of  Bear  pond,  to  the  head  of  Long  pond. 
This  was  a  favorite  route  with  the  Androscoggin  In- 
dians when  journeying  in  the  summer  to  the  sea- 
coast  to  fish,  or  to  visit  the  Sokokis  at  Pequawkett. 
An  easy  day's  journey  carried  them  to  the  Saco  or 
the  head  of  Long  pond.  By  canoes  they  floated 
down  the  Saco  to  Pepperelborough,  or  paddled  over 
the  lakes  below  us  to  the  Presumpscott,  and  floated 
down  the  Presumpscott  to  the  sea.  By  it  the  early 
settlers  of  Sudbury  Canada,  New  Penacook,  and 
Peabody's  Patent  ^  came  to  their  wilderness  homes 
from  Pequawkett,  and  when  the  Indians  attacked 
the  growing  settlements  on  the  Androscoggin  in 
1781,  and  carried  Lieut.  Segar  and  others  into  Cana- 
dian captivity,  Lieut.  Stephen  Farrington  led  twen- 
ty-three men  over  this  trail  in  hot,  although  vain, 
pursuit  of  the  savages. 

From  Falmouth  to  Pequawkett  ran  a  rough  cart 
road  through  Gorham  (over  Fort  hill),  Pierson-town,^ 
joining  the  Saco  trail  at  the  river.  This  road  was 
cut  through  as  early  as  1760.  Over  it,  every  year, 
the  people  of  Gorham  drove  two  hundred  or  more 
cattle  to  be  wintered  on  the  great  meadows  of  Frye- 
burg.  During  the  summer  they  cut  and  stacked 
hundreds  of  tons  of  hay  for  their  use.  The  herds- 
men depended  upon  game  mainly  for  food,  taking 

iGilead. 
2Standish. 

3 


26  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

with  them  to  their  winter  camp  little  except  meal 
and  pork. 

A  blazed  path  ran  through  the  woods  west  of  Se- 
bago  pond  in  1767,  through  Flints-town  to  Stevens 
brook,  which  was  cut  by  the  proprietors  of  Bridge- 
town. This  road  was  not  passable  for  wheeled  vehi- 
cles until  thirteen  years  later.  The  proprietors  of 
Bridge-town  had  given  Capt.  Richard  Kimball,  in 
1768,  a  lot  of  land,  including  a  part  of  the  present 
village  of  North  Bridgton,  on  condition  that  he 
would  keep  a  store  and  run  a  sail  boat  over  the 
Sebago  and  Long  ponds  for  the  convenience  of  im- 
migrants.    This  he  did  for  years. 

These  were  the  scanty  means  of  intercommunica- 
tion in  York  county  one  hundred  years  ago ;  yet 
they  were  not  scantier  than  were  the  means  and 
wants  of  the  pioneers  who  were  struggling  with  the 
wilderness.  The  shire  towns  in  1775  were  York  and 
Biddeford.  In  1799  all  the  inhabitants  and  territory 
north  of  great  Ossipee  river  were  formed  into  a  dis- 
trict for  the  convenience  of  registering  deeds,  the 
office  for  which  was  kept  at  Fryeburg. 

The  county  contained  a  population  of  about  15,- 
000,  one-half  the  population  of  the  State ;  its  taxa- 
ble property  was  about  equal  to  that  of  the  other 
two  counties  combined. 

Cumberland  county  had  the  same  eastern  limit  as 
at  present,  as  far  north  as  Livermore ;  thence  it  run 
north  two  degrees  on  a  true  course  to  Canada  line. 


SKETCH  OF  MAINE.  27 

Along  the  coast,  as  in  York  county,  were  old  towns 
Scarborough,  Cape  Elizabeth,  Falmouth,^  North  Yar- 
mouth,^ Brunswick,  and  Harpswell.  Except  Harps- 
well,  the  settlement  of  these  towns  also  dated  back 
to  the  earliest  colonial  times.  They  were  engaged 
in  fishing,  farming,  and  lumbering,  each  in  its 
season.  Falmouth  Neck  had  a  population  of  about 
1,900  and  was  the  seat  of  a  considerable  lumbering 
trade  and  some  ship  building.  The  population  of 
these  coast  towns  was  less  than  10,000. 

The  towns  and  plantations  skirting  these  coast 
settlements  made  a  narrower  fringe  than  the  back 
settlements  of  York  county.  Gorham,  Windham, 
and  New  Gloucester  had  been  but  recently  incor- 
porated. Above  were  the  plantations  of  Pierson 
or  Hobbs-town,  New  Boston,^  Raymond-town,^  Syl- 
vester Canada,^  and  Otisfield,®  the  last  three  of  which 
could  not  have  had  a  hundred  inhabitants.  The 
population  of  these  three  towns  and  the  plantations 
was  not  less  than  3,000. 

North  of  these  plantations,  in  eastern  Oxford 
county,  a  few  surveys  had  been  made,  but  there  was 
not  an  inhabitant.  There  was  no  road  nor  trail  into 
the  wilderness  further  than  Raymond-town,  except 

1  Portland,  Cape  Elizabeth,  Westbrook,  Deering,  and  Falmouth. 

2  Yarmouth  and  North  Yarmouth. 

^Gray.  *Kaymond,  Casco,  and  part  of  Naples. 

5  Turner.  ''  Otisfield  and  a  i>art  of  Harrison. 


28  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

one  along  the  Androscoggin,  and  that  led  no  further 
than  to  the  Falls  ^  at  Pejepscot.  The  population  of 
the  county  was  not  far  from  12,000.  The  shire  town 
was  Falmouth. 

Lincoln  county  included  all  the  rest  of  Maine,  or 
roundly,  all  of  Maine  east  of  a  line  drawn  straight 
north  to  Canada  from  the  great  bend  of  the  Andros- 
coggin at  Livermore.  The  incorporated  towns  in 
this  huge  county,  with  the  exception  of  Topsham 
and  Belfast,  were  scattered  along  the  Kennebec, 
Sheepscot,  and  Damariscotta  rivers. 

The  Kennebec  was  settled  as  far  north  as  Nor- 
ridgewock;  the  incorporated  towns  on  it  were 
Georgetown,  Pownalborough,^  Woolwich,  Bowdoin- 
ham,^  Pitts-town,*  Hallowell,^  Vassalborough,^  and 
Winslow.'  Georgetown  and  Pownalborough  were 
flourishing  towns,  with  a  population  of  perhaps 
3,000 ;  the  others  were  in  their  infancy,  containing 
a  few  hundred  inhabitants  each.  Straggling  settlers 
were  located  on  the  Androscoggin  above  Brunswick 
and  Topsham,  as  far  as  Lewiston  Falls. 

At  this  time  the  Kennebec  was  one  of  the  main 


1  Lewiston. 

2  Dresden,  Alna,  Wiscasset,  and  Swans  Island. 
* Bowdoinham  and  Richmond. 

*Pittston,  Gardiner,  and  West  Gardiner. 

^Hallowell,  Augusta,  Fartningdale,  Manchester,  and  Chelsea. 

"Vassalborough  and  Sidney. 

''  Winslow  and  Waterville. 


SKETCH  OF  MAINE.  29 

routes  to  Quebec.  The  New  England  almanacs  of 
one  hundred  years  ago  gave  as  particularly  the  dis- 
tance from  Norridgewock  to  Quebec  ^  as  from  Boston 
to  Norridgewock. 

Edgecomb,  Newcastle,  Boothbay,  Bristol,  and 
Waldoborough  had  been  but  recently  incorporated, 
and  contained  in  all  perhaps  2,000  inhabitants.  The 
coast  east  of  Bristol  (Pemaquid)  to  Machiasport,  and 
the  Penobscot  river  to  Orono,  was  scarred  with  rude 
clearings,  few  of  which  were  made  previous  to  1760. 
The  location  of  these  towns  and  the  poverty  of  the 
soil  made  the  inhabitants  at  first  more  fishermen  than 
farmers.  The  population  of  this  county  was  not  far 
from  9,000.  Pownalborough  was  the  shire  town. 
The  entire  population  of  the  Province  was  about 
36,000;'  it  paid  one-twelfth  of  the  State  tax  of 
Massachusetts. 

Maine  is  a  beautiful  State  to-day;    before   man 


1  The  route  to  Quebec  in  Canada  was  as  follows : 

Great  Carrying  Place,  30  miles  from  Norridgewock. 
Chaudierre,  42      "        "  " 

Sartigan,  60      "        "  " 

Quebec,  96      "        "  " 

2  The  census  of  1764  and  1772  gave  the  white  and  black  population 
of  the  State  by  counties  as  follows : 

1764.  1772. 

Tork,  11,362  13,398 

Cumberland,  8,291  10,139 

Lincoln,  4,371  5,563 

Totals,  24,024  29,100 


30  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

disfigured  her  fair  face  she  must  have  justified  the 
seemingly  extravagant  praise  of  the  early  explorers. 
The  bold  coast,  the  thousand  estuaries,  the  countless 
rivers,  brooks,  and  ponds,  the  magnificent  swells  of 
land,  made  our  State  easily  first  in  natural  attrac- 
tions. But  the  disrobing  of  Nature  proves  often  a 
sad  disenchantment.  A  slope  of  ten  thousand  acres, 
when  clothed  with  a  heavy  forest  growth,  shows 
none  of  its  bogs  or  knolls,  and  but  few  of  its  rocks. 
Brooks  and  rivers  shrink  as  the  sun,  pouring  upon 
the  naked  land,  dries  the  rills  that  once  fed  them, 
while  a  thousand  storms  wash  from  the  rocks  the 
moldering  earth  that  once  kindly  hid  them. 

Waterford,  with  its  twelve  ponds  covering  in  the 
aggregate  1,784  acres,  its  beautiful  Songo  river  flow- 
ing eighteen  miles  in  the  town,  its  fertile  ridges 
with  their  perfect  slopes,  was  a  beautiful  township ; 
and  such  it  must  have  seemed  to  David  McWain,  its 
first  settler. 

PLANTATION   HISTORY   OF  WATERFORD. 

1775—1797- 

David  McWain  was  born  in  Bolton,  Worcester 
county,  Mass.,  Dec.  24,  1752.  It  was  from  this  coun- 
ty and  the  adjoining  county  of  Middlesex  that  Capt. 
Gardner's   company   was   recruited,    and    doubtless 


SKETCH  OF  McWAIN.  31 

some  of  his  townsmen  were  proprietorsi  of  the 
township  of  Waterford.  Bolton,  Harvard,  Stow, 
Northborough,  and  Rowley  furnished  most  of  its 
early  settlers.  Of  his  early  life  I  know  but  little. 
In  the  spring  of  1775,  with  a  companion,  he  started 
for  the  wilderness  of  Maine,  they  having  purchased, 
for  1 40,  the  lot  of  land  on  which  he  afterward 
settled.  There  is  a  tradition  that  he  was  arrested 
at  Dover,  N.  H.,  as  a  deserter  from  the  Continental 
army  and  sent  back  to  Bolton.  This  cannot  have 
been  true.  Soldiers  were  easily  raised  in  the  spring 
of  1775,  and  the  military  organization  of  Massa- 
chusetts was  too  imperfect  for  such  action  in  a 
far-away  lumber  town  in  New  Hampshire.  In  the 
excited  state  of  the  public  mind  at  that  time, 
McWain  and  his  companion,  harmless  though  their 
business  was,  may  have  seemed  dangerous  persons 
to  the  people  of  Dover.  They  were  detained  at 
this  town  a  few  days.  The  companion,  discouraged, 
sold  to  McWain  his  interest  in  the  lot.  Accompa- 
nied only  by  his  dog  McWain  again  started  for  his 

1  The  proprietary  and  plantation  records  of  Waterford  are  lost.  Who 
the  proprietors  were  at  any  one  time  I  cannot  say.  The  records  of  Mas- 
sachusetts fail  to  give  their  names.  I  have  gathered  facts  enough  to 
convince  me  that  no  one  person  held  a  large  number  of  lots  in  the 
town  previous  to  its  settlement,  and  that  but  few  of  the  early  settlers 
were  original  proprietors.  Dr.  Stephen  Cummings,  originally  of  Ando- 
ver,  Mass.,  afterward  a  celebrated  physician  of  Portland,  was  clerk  of 
the  proprietors.  This  explains  the  fact  that  plantation  meetings  were 
held  at  his  house. 


32  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

forest  home  by  the  way  of  Portland,  Sebago  lake, 
and  Long  pond.  He  may  have  come  with  Capt. 
Benjamin  Kimball,  in  his  sail  boat,  from  Pierson-town 
to  Stevens  Brook.  He  may  have  come  by  the  bridle 
path  cut  out  on  the  west  side  of  the  pond  in  1767, 
from  Pierson-town  through  Flints-town  to  Stevens 
Brook.  At  this  little  saw-mill  village, — which  for 
years  furnished  the  people  of  Waterford  with 
their  nearest  grist  mill  and  store, — McWain  supplied 
himself  with  necessary  provisions  for  a  month's  stay, 
and  then  boldly  struck  into  the  wilderness.  He  had  a 
rude  plan  of  Waterford  with  him.  He  followed 
Bear  Brook  until  he  reached  his  range  line,  and  fol- 
lowed that  until  he  reached  his  lot.  On  a  corner  of 
it,  under  a  shelving  rock,  he  prepared  to  spend  the 
night.  Building  a  huge  fire  he  lay  down  to  sleep. 
During  the  night  he  awoke  very  thirsty;  remember- 
ing a  spring  some  distance  back  he  went  to  it. 
After  satisfying  his  thirst,  he  said  that  a  sense  of  his 
loneliness  came  over  him,  and  iron  man  that  he  was, 
he  hurried  back  to  the  company  of  the  dim  light  of 
his  camp-fire. 

On  a  corner  of  his  lot,^  near  the  river,  he  built  his 
cabin.  Supposing  himself  the  only  settler  between 
Bridgton  and  Canada,  he  was  surprised  one  day  by 
the  homely  sound  of  a  rooster  crowing.     Supposing 

1  Lot  10,  Range  5. 


SKETCH  OP  McWAIN".  33 

that  the  fowl  had  strayed  from  the  settlements  below, 
he  thought  no  more  of  it.  A  few  days  later  an  Indian 
squaw  leaped  from  behind  a  tree  almost  upon  him, 
apparently  to  frighten  him.  She  beckoned  him  to 
follow  her  to  his  cabin,  and  in  the  Indian  tongue  de- 
manded something.  He  offered  her  different  arti- 
cles to  no  purpose,  until  he  brought  salt,  which  she 
ate  with  the  greediness  of  an  animal  salt-hungry. 
He  went  with  her  to  her  camp,  at  what  is  now 
known  as  Mc Wains  Falls,  where  he  found  quite  a 
party  of  Canada  Indians  fishing. 

They  feasted  him  on  muskrat  soup  and  other  de- 
lectable compounds,  which  he  ate  with  all  the  relish 
he  could  assume.  He  fished  and  hunted  with  them, 
selling  his  peltries  at  Stevens  Brook.  They  stole 
his  silver,  so  with  a  large  auger  he  bored  a  hole  into 
a  pine  tree  and  in  the  cavity  put  it,  carefully  re- 
placing the  bark.  He  forgot  the  money  and  the 
place  of  its  deposit.  Years  after  a  hired  man, 
felling  trees,  struck  into  this  bonanza, — fifty  dol- 
lars or  more.  He  carefully  collected  the  silver  and 
carried  it  to  McWain.  For  some  time  the  old 
man  sat  in  front  of  his  fire,  head  on  his  hands,  lost 
in  thought.  At  length  he  recalled  the  circumstance. 
Thus  unwittingly  McWain  taught  the  early  settlers 
of  Waterford  a  lesson  which  the  wisest  heeded,  that 
the  safest  bank  of  deposit  in  a  new  country  is  a  pine 
tree. 


34  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

McWain  spent  the  winters  of  1775  and  1776  in 
Bolton.  He  returned  to  Waterford  in  the  spring  of 
1777,  and  never  revisited  his  native  place.  He  lived 
a  solitary  life.  Once  a  month  he  went  to  Stevens 
Brook  for  supplies.  One  month  he  failed  to  come 
at  the  usual  time.  The  settlers  at  the  little  saw-mill 
village  waited  a  few  days,  and  then  sent  in  a  party 
to  see  if  "  Mac "  (as  he  was  familiarly  called)  was 
sick ;  he  was  just  able  to  drag  himself  to  the  door 
and  let  them  in.  For  four  weeks  he  had  lain  in  his 
camp,  prostrated  by  a  slow  fever.  Yet  this  man  of 
iron  nerve  never  entertained  a  thought  of  abandon- 
ing his  lonely  home ;  his  fitful  dreams  were  rather 
of  reclaiming  the  fertile  acres  on  his  beautiful  ridge. 

On  his  second  return  from  Bolton,  in  1776,  he 
brought  with  him  a  cow  big  with  calf.  Bread  and 
cream,  berries  and  wild  game  were  his  choice  food 
for  years.  His  only  table  furniture  was  a  dish  and 
spoon. 

He  was  never  married,  and  lived  without  a  house- 
keeper for  thirty  years  or  more, — one  of  his  hired 
men  doing  the  house-work.  Tradition  says  that  in 
1815,  without  any  of  those  pleasant  warnings  which 
custom  has  sanctioned,  he  bluntly  asked  a  certain 
young  lady  whether  she  would  come  to  his  house  as 
"  mistress  or  maid."  Confused,  she  blunderingly  an- 
swered, "  as  maid."  He  never  gave  her  an  opportunity 
to  rectify  her  mistake,  somewhat  to  her  disappoint- 


SKETCH  OF  McWAIN.  35 

merit  it  is  said.  McWain  seemed  indifferent  to 
women;  his  cattle  were  positively  afraid  of  them. 
If  a  woman  went  into  his  barn,  the  cattle  would  bel- 
low and  thrash  around  in  their  stanchions  as  though 
mad.  One  day  when  plowing  with  his  great  four-ox 
team  (he  always  kept  four  oxen,  having  a  wholesome 
contempt  for  "  steer  teams  "),  Mrs.  Eli  Longley  stepped 
over  the  wall  directly  in  front  of  him.  Wildly  bel- 
lowing, with  tails  erect,  the  cattle  tore  across  the 
field,  smashing  the  plow  against  a  rock  and  breaking 
the  chain  that  connected  them ;  they  disappeared  in 
the  forest  and  were  not  seen  for  hours. 

McWain  had  a  true  pioneer's  horror  of  being 
crowded.  One  morning  as  he  stood  on  the  huge 
rock  behind  his  camp  (south-east  of  the  old  McWain 
house),  he  spied  smoke  curling  up  through  the  forest 
in  the  direction  of  Paris,  some  twelve  miles  away. 
"  Humph,"  said  he,  "  I  would  like  to  know  who  is 
settling  over  there  right  under  my  nose ! " 

His  farm  ^  was  eight  hundred  acres  in  extent.  He 
had  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  improved 
in  1803 ;  that  year  he  kept  forty  head  of  cattle  and 
fattened,  chiefly  upon  milk,  thirteen  hundred  weight 
of  pork. 

He  died  in  1825.  In  his  will  he  made  a  few  be- 
quests to  his  old  servants,  giving  to  his  hired  man  his 

1  Mc Wain's  farm  embraced  lots  10, 11,  and  12  in  Range  4  and  10  and 
11  in  Range  5. 


36  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

out  lot/  and  to  his  housekeeper  (that  did  not  become 
mistress)  a  few  hundred  dollars.  He  gave  the  rest  of 
his  property  to  his  nephew  and  namesake  on  the 
condition  that  he  should  live  upon  it,  which  he  did 
until  his  death. 

McWain  was  a  man  of  medium  height,  but  rather 
spare  in  figure ;  he  was  courteous  though  reticent, 
and  strictly  moral  in  his  habits.  He  read  his  Bible 
through  once  a  year.  His  coming  here  so  long  be- 
fore other  settlers  was  providential,  for  he  supplied 
them  with  grain  until  they  could  raise  enough  for 
their  own  use,  they  paying  him  in  work.  Hundreds 
of  bushels  of  wheat  and  corn  did  he  supply  to  these 
men,  which  they  converted  into  hominy  by  a  hand- 
mill,  or  "backed"  from  his  house  to  the  grist-mill  at 
Stevens  Brook,  twelve  miles  away,  and  after  1790  to 
Jewell's  mill,  at  Waterford  City.  When  the  settlers 
were  pinched  for  food  during  the  cold  seasons  of 
1814-1816,  refusing  to  sell  his  surplus  corn  to 
traders  from  Norway  for  cash,  he  kept  it  for  his 
neighbors,  and  sold  it  to  them  for  less  than  the 
market  price,  taking  his  pay  in  work.  He  heaped 
rather  than  "  stroked "  the  half-bushel  measure  by 
which  he  sold  to  these  half-starved  people. 

During  the  years  1780  and  1781  three  other  men 
with  their  families  attempted  a  settlement  in  Water- 

2  Lot  2,  Range  4. 


MIGRATION  FROM  MASSACHUSETTS.  37 

ford,  but  the  hardships  of  frontier  Hfe  forced   them 
to  withdraw  to  the  older  parts  of  the  State. 

The  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war  led  to  the 
rapid    settlement   of  Maine.^      The   young  men  of 


1  The  following  is  a  complete  list,  so  far  as  I  can  furnish  it,  of  the 
Revolutionary  soldiers  who  settled  in  Waterford.    I  attach  to  their 
names  a  statement  of  their  services  during  that  war.    This  statemen 
of  their  services  depends  in  part  upon  traditional  testimony. 

John  Atherton,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Joel  Atherton,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Jabez  Brown,  Lieutenant  in  the  French  and  Adjutant  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war. 

Aseph  Brown. 

Thaddeus  Brown,  served  a  year  or  more. 

Daniel  Barker,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Ephraim  Chamberlain,  served  three  years. 

David  Chaplain,  served  under  Lieut.  Green  in  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Daniel  Chaplin,  served  under  Lieut.  Green  in  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Lieut.  Thomas  Green,  was  an  officer  in  the  French  war  and  served 
throughout  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Africa  Hamlin,  Quartermaster  during  the  war. 

America  Hamlin. 

The  father  of  these  Hamlins  was  an  officer  in  the  war  and  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 

Israel  Hale,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Oliver  Hale,  served  in  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Jona.  Houghton,  served  in  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Benjamin  Hale,  served  in  campaign  against  Cornwallis. 

Samuel  Jewell,  was  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

John  Jewell,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Asa  Johnson,  served  in  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Joseph  Kimball,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Jonathan  Longley,  served  in  the  Burgoyne  campaign. 

Eli  Longley,  served  over  a  year. 

Eliphalet  Morse.  [See  note  next  page.  ] 


88  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Massachusetts  were  in  the  Continental  service 
during  the  war  as  regulars,  or  as  well-drilled  militia 
men  were  often  in  the  field  to  resist  invasion.  The 
former  returned  home  penniless,  though  their  pock- 
ets were  stuffed  with  paper.  The  militia  or  minute 
men,  who  were  more  often  married,  had  suffered 
from  the  destruction  of  domestic  and  foreign  trade, 
a  worthless  currency,  and  the  constant  interruptions 
to  their  business  caused  by  real  or  reported  inva- 
sions. The  close  of  the  war  found  the  regulars 
without  money,  the  minute  men  in  debt.  After  a 
few  congratulations  over  their  success,  they  soberly 
studied  their  situation. 

There  were  no  trades  for  them  to  learn,  and  they 
were  too  old  to  learn  them  had  there  been  any. 
Massachusetts  was  no  more  a  manufacturing  State 
in  1783  than  is  Alabama  to-day.  The  fisheries  and 
commerce  afforded  the  more  enterprising  men  along 
the  coast  an  opportunity  to  gain  comparative  wealth. 
A  few  professional  men  and  traders  there  were  in 
every  town,  but  nine-tenths  of  the  people  were  farm- 
ers. The  eldest  son  (by  the  unwritten  law  of  primo- 
geniture that  has  always  existed  among  the  fixrmers 

Josiah  Proctor,  served  in  the  Navy. 

Eber  Rice,  served  three  months. 

David  Stone. 

Stephen  Sanderson,  served  six  months. 

Abram  Whitney. 

Phineas  Whitney,  served  throughout  the  war. 

Judah  Wetherbee,  was  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 


MIGRATION  FROM  MASSACHUSETTS.  39 

of  New  England)  could  stay  at  home  with  the  par- 
ents and  take  the  old  farm ;  but  the  younger  boys 
must  shift  for  themselves.  This  was  the  alternative 
before  them, — ten  or  more  years  of  hard  work  as  a 
farm  laborer  before  they  could  hope  to  have  money 
enough  to  buy  in  Massachusetts  a  poor  farm,  or  ten 
years  or  more  of  hard  labor  and  privation — with  in- 
dependence— in  Maine ;  in  the  latter  the  sanguine 
could  see  an  Eden,  the  sober  a  rude  plenty !  What 
wonder  then  that  for  forty  years  there  was  a  con- 
stant exodus  of  the  most  enterprising  young  men 
from  the  farms  of  Massachusetts  to  the  wilds  of 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  and  Vermont !  This  drain 
was  not  checked  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  "  Ohio 
fever,"  in  1815,  and  the  rise  of  manufacturing  in 
southern  New  England.  Perhaps  it  is  not  too  bold 
an  assumption  to  make,  that  had  the  discovery  of 
the  application  of  steam  been  postponed  forty  years, 
Maine  would  have  been  to-day  by  far  the  richest  of 
the  New  England  States,  and  Somerset  and  Aroos- 
took counties  would  have  been  as  thickly  settled  as 
are  Cumberland  and  Androscoggin.  The  frontier 
line  of  Maine  has  hardly  been  advanced  a  mile,  ex- 
cept in  the  eastern  part,  since  1820. 

If  we  sometimes  complain  that  our  boys  gravitate 
toward  the  mother  State,  let  us  not  fail  to  remember 
that  every  institution  we  prize, — the  church,  the 
school,  our  family  and  social  life, — every  characteris- 


40  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

tic  we  possess, — our  courage,  faith,  honor,  and  patri- 
otism,— was  given  to  us  by  the  mother  State.  It 
was  her  wisdom, — prejudice  calls  it  selfishness, — 
which  for  one  hundred  years  nursed  and  protected 
the  infant  settlements  of  Maine,  and  prevented  the 
French  civilization  of  Lower  Canada  from  fastening 
itself  on  eastern  Maine. 

The  proprietors  of  the  town,  to  encourage  immi- 
gration, gave  to  a  few  of  the  first  settlers  their 
lands ;  they  also  offered  the  first  thirty  persons  who 
would  clear  three  acres  of  land,  "  put  it  into  profit," 
and  build  a  house  sixteen  feet  square, — in  other 
words,  do  what  was  called  "  settling  duty," — a  right 
in  the  lands  which  the  proprietors  thought  worthless 
except  for  the  timber.  Most  of  the  parties  who 
gained  the  right  sold  it  for  a  trifle.  They  also  prom- 
ised the  first  boy  born  in  Waterford  fifty  acres  of  land 
to  be  given  when  he  should  come  of  age.^  This 
tract  of  land  lay  just  east  of  Kedar  brook,  stretching 
from  the  pond  some  way  above  the  parsonage.  The 
proprietors  offered  their  lands  at  very  low  prices. 
Lot  4,  R.  12,  was  purchased  by  Major  Samuel  War- 
ren at  fifty  cents  an  acre,  and  he  had  the  choice  be- 
tween lot  4,  R.  12,  and  lot  7,  R.  10.  Mr.  Thaddeus 
Brown  purchased  lot  8,  R.  7,  for  fifty  cents  an  acre. 


1  Epbraim  Hapgood  was  the  recipient  of  this  bounty.     The  first  girl 
born  in  town  was  Clarissa  Johnson. 


r 


BOUNTIES  TO  EAELY  SETTLERS.  41 

But  both  of  these  men  were  obliged  to  do  "  settling 
duty."  These  were  average  lots ;  probably  the  best 
did  not  cost  more  than  $2.00  an  acre  at  that  time, 
1786.  But  as  the  town  filled  up  the  price  of  land 
rose  rapidly.  Between  1800  and  1810  wild  land 
was  probably  as  high  in  Waterford  as  it  is  to-day. 
In  1805  lot  4,  R.  9  was  sold  for  $800.  It  is  said  that 
lot  6,  R.  10  had  some  time  before  this  been  sold  for 
$1,000. 

Most  of  the  early  settlers  bought  their  land  on 
credit.  Benjamin  Sampson,  of  Stow,  Mass.  (who 
bought  lot  3,  R.  13,  and  one  of  the  Perley  lots  on 
Crooked  river,  and  had  two  or  three  hundred  dollars 
left),  was  one  of  the  "  solid "  men  of  Waterford  at 
that  time.  These  lots  purchased  by  Mr.  Sampson 
were  heavily  timbered  with  pine,  and  were  sold  by 
him  for  a  trifle, — less  than  $200.  Fifty  years  later 
they  were  worth  a  fortune ;  not  less  than  $40,000. 

I  have  mentioned  that  five  or  six  years  after  Mc- 
Wain  settled  here  three  men  came  in  with  their 
families ;  but  they  were  forced  to  withdraw  to  the 
older  settlements  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of 
getting  subsistence.  One  of  them  tried  a  second 
time,  and  a  second  time  was  forced  to  withdraw.  In 
1783,  Daniel  Barker,^  Jonathan  Bobbins,^  Aseph 
Brown,^  America  Hamlin,^  Africa  Hamlin,^  and  Europe 

iL.  3,  R.  4.  2L.  5,  R.  6.  ^L.  5,  R.  5.  *L.  6,  R.  3. 

6L.  6,R.  4. 

4 


42  HISTORICAL  ADDEESS. 

Hamlin  came.  Their  lots  were  all  in  the  south 
and  south-west  parts  of  the  town.  Their  families 
did  not  come  until  two  years  later. 

Sept.  8th,  of  the  same  year,  Philip  Hor,  originally 
from  Taunton,  but  last  from  Brookfield,  Mass.,  came 
to  examine  a  lot  ^  of  land  which  he  had  previously 
bought,  about  half  a  mile  west  of  Joel  Plummer's. 
The  next  June  two  of  his  sons  came  with  him ;  they 
spent  the  summer  clearing  land.  Late  in  the  fall 
he  returned  to  Brookfield,  leaving  his  sons  to  brave 
the  severity  of  a  long  winter,  or  go  to  the  older  set- 
tlements. At  that  time  there  was  considerable  lum- 
bering done  in  the  coast  towns.  June,  1785,  he  came 
with  his  wife,  who  was  from  Norton,  Mass.  They 
suffered  great  hardships  on  the  way.  Their  house- 
hold goods  were  brought  from  Stevens  Brook  on  the 
backs  of  those  who  helped  them  in ;  for  at  this  time 
the  Scoggin  trail,  a  mere  bridle  path,  was  the  only 
road  into  Waterford. 

They  were  disappointed  in  a  house  and  provisions, 
which  they  had  bargained  for.  So  Mr.  Hor  built  a 
hut  of  hemlock  bark,  and  this  was  their  only  shelter 
for  two  years.  They  had  not  even  a  cow.  Their 
nearest  neighbors  were  three  miles  away,  the  Ham- 
lins,  who  lived  south  of  Tom  pond.  During  six 
weeks  of  winter  this  family  saw  no  human  beings 
but  themselves  and  no  animal  but  a  dog.  When 
they  wanted  meal  they  had  either  to  back  the  corn 

iL.  5,  K.  9. 


PHILLIP  HOE,  SAMUEL  WARREN,  AND  OTHERS.      43 

twelve  miles  to  Stevens  Brook,  or  go  out  and  get  a 
horse,  which  occupied  a  day,  take  the  grist  to  mill, 
which  occupied  another,  and  the  third  day  return 
the  horse.  Mrs.  Hor  was  for  some  time  the  only 
woman  in  the  plantation  in  full  communion  with  the 
church. 

In  1785  and  1786  there  came  in  NathanieP  and 
John  Chamberlain,^  Thaddeus  Brown  ^  of  Harvard, 
Mass.,  Asa  Johnson  *  of  Templeton,  Mass.,  John 
Atherton,^  Josiah  Proctor «  of  Acton,  Mass.,  Eber 
Rice  ^  of  Northborough,  Mass.,  Samuel  Warren  *  of 
Harvard,  Mass.,  and  Jonathan  Barnard,  who  after- 
ward moved  to  Bridgton.  Most  of  these  settlers 
came  without  their  families. 

Pardon  me  if,  in  this  early  history  of  "Waterford,  I 
tell  the  story  of  the  first  ten  years  of  the  life  of  my 
grandfather,  Major  Samuel  Warren.  I  tell  it  because 
it  is  more  familiar  to  me  than  is  that  of  the  men 
who  settled  here  with  him.  I  tell  it,  too,  because  in 
its  main  features  it  must  be  similar  to  the  life  led  by 
all  of  them.  His  father,  William  Warren,  was 
drowned  in  the  Kennebec  below  Norridgewock,  in 
1774.  He  was  the  first  settler  of  that  town.  He 
left  a  large  family  of  children  in  comparative  pover- 
ty. The  widow  and  her  children  returned  to  Massa- 
chusetts after  his  death.     As  soon  as  Samuel  was  old 


iL.  2,  R.  3.  2  L.  6,  R.  7.  ^  l.  g,  R.  7.  *  L.  10,  R.  8. 

s  L.  6,  R.  4.  6  L.  6,  R.  11.         '  L.  7,  R.  12.         ^  l,  4^  r_  12. 


44  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

enough  he  went  back  to  the  Kennebec  and  learned 
the  coopers'  trade ;  he  followed  his  trade  when  he 
could  get  work,  and  fished  when  work  was  dull. 

At  the  age  of  twenty  he  bought  of  John  Cham- 
berlain, one  of  the  proprietors  of  Waterford  (a 
chance  acquaintance  that  he  had  made  while  work- 
ing on  the  Kennebec),  the  right  to  eighty  acres  of 
land,  being  allowed  his  choice  between  the  lot  on 
which  he  afterward  settled  and  that  afterward 
purchased  by  Eber  Rice,  Esq.  He  ran  in  debt  for 
his  land,  paying  for  it  fifty  cents  an  acre.  With 
characteristic  caution  he  ventured  at  first  to 
buy  but  half  a  lot.  He  came  to  Waterford  across 
the  country  from  the  Kennebec  guided  by  his  pock- 
et compass.  Late  one  afternoon  he  reached  the  top 
of  Beech  hill,  above  the  Bryant  farm.  Climbing  a 
tree  to  get  his  bearings  he  took  in  the  prospect, 
and  beautiful  as  that  view  is  to-day,  how  much  grand- 
er must  it  have  been  one  hundred  years  ago  !  Be- 
fore him  lay  that  grand  amphitheatre  of  mountains, 
some  sixty  peaks  in  all,  stretching  from  the  mount- 
ains of  the  Umbagog  region  on  the  north  to  the  Ossi- 
pee  range  on  the  south,  all  clothed  with  the  modest 
yet  rich  garment  that  kindly  Nature  gave  them,  ex- 
cept where  some  bald  granite  face  peered  through 
the  green  robes  that  enswathed  it.  Stone,  McWains 
pond,  and  the  Kezars  flashed  like  diamonds  below 
him,  while  Long  pond  stretched  out  a  thread  of  sil- 


PHILLIP  HOK,  SAMUEL  WARREN,  AND  OTHERS.       45 

ver  toward  great  Sebago  and  the  sea.  A  hundred 
smokes  curled  up  from  Stevens  Brook,  Otisfield,  New 
Suncook,  Oxford,  and  Cummings  Purchase,  but  the 
gashes  in  the  forest  were  so  slight  that  he  could  not 
see  them.  A  virgin  forest  unscarred  by  fire  kindly 
clothed  every  hill,  hiding  all  physical  deformities. 
Just  as  he  was  descending  the  tree  he  spied  smoke 
curling  up  from  the  foot  of  the  mountain.  A  pioneer 
had  settled  on  the  spot  where  Samuel  H.  Warreu 
now  lives.  Taking  the  direction  from  his  compass 
he  started  for  it ;  that  night  he  spent  in  the  pioneer's 
cabin.  The  next  day  he  examined  his  lot,  and  was 
satisfied  that  soil  which  could  bear  such  beeches  and 
rock  maples  must  have  virtue  enough  in  it  to  grow 
good  crops  of  corn.  Opposite  him,  where  Cyrus 
Green  now  lives,  had  settled  a  man  by  the  name  of 
Barnard,  who  afterward  moved  to  North  Bridgton. 

The  first  year  he  cleared  some  fifteen  acres  on  the 
north-east  corner  of  his  farm,  living  in  a  little  hut 
made  of  bark.  His  corn  he  bought  at  Bethel  Hill, 
fourteen  miles  away;  this  he  "backed"  home.  He 
sowed  his  land  that  fall  with  rye,  and  went  back  to 
the  Kennebec ;  he  worked  at  his  trade  all  winter, 
taking  his  pay  in  alewives.  These  he  loaded  on  a 
bateau  and  with  them  started  for  Portland  from  be- 
low Norridgewock.  A  head  wind  met  him  at  Merry- 
meeting  bay.  Nothing  daunted  he  boldly  pushed 
across   the   angry  waters,  just  escaping  shipwreck. 


46 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


The  alewives  he  sold  in  Portland,  and  with  the  mon- 
ey purchased  clothing.  He  returned  to  his  little 
clearing  and  provided  himself  with  food  and  a  few 
comforts.  He  made  a  bedstead  of  spruce  poles,  a  bed- 
cord  of  elm  peelings ;  he  brought  a  bed-tick  with 
him  and  filled  it  with  straw,  which  he  purchased 
from  his  neighbor  across  the  road.  That  year  he  in- 
creased his  clearing.  Late  in  the  fall  he  returned 
to  Norridgewock  and  spent  the  winter.  During 
these  two  years  his  food  consisted  of  corn-cake,  wild 
berries  and  game.  On  his  return  in  the  spring  of 
1788,  he  found  that  Lieut.  Thomas  Green  of  Row- 
ley, Mass.,  had  bought  the  lot  occupied  by  Mr.  Bar- 
nard, and  was  settled  there  with  eight  children. 
From  that  time  he  boarded  with  them  until  he  mar- 
ried Mary,  the  eldest  daughter,  in  1794. 

In  1788,  just  fourteen  years  from  the  time  that  he 
reached  Waterford  penniless,  he  built  and  finished 
the  two-storied,  square  house  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  his  son,  Daniel  Warren,  and  a  barn 
30  by  70,  and  paid  for  them  as  soon  as  they  were 
finished.  How  did  he  do  this  ?  Soon  after  he  came 
to  Waterford  he  foresaw  that  there  would  be  in  a 
few  years  a  demand  for  a  brick  mason,  to  lay 
chimneys  in  the  new  houses  that  would  inevita- 
bly be  built ;  so  he  learned  how  to  make  and  lay 
bricks,  and  for  years  he  worked  at  his  trade  when- 
ever occasion  offered.     He  built  nearly  all  the  chim- 


PHILLIP  HOK,  SAMUEL  WARREN,  AND  OTHERS.      47 

neys  in  Waterford,  and  in  parts  of  Lovell  and  Alba- 
ny. Old  men  tell  me  that  after  a  hard  day's  work 
at  brick  laying,  working  from  sun  to  sun,  he  would 
return  home,  eat  his  supper,  and  then  if  there  was 
sufficient  moon  spend  the  evening  piling  or  burning 
piles.  Winters  he  worked  at  his  trade  as  cooper. 
That  was  the  way  the  pioneers  of  Waterford  who 
succeeded  worked.  What  cared  they  for  misshapen 
hands  and  bent  frame !  They  had  in  their  eye  and 
bearing  that  magnificent  pride  that  is  born  of  honor- 
ble  success.  The  story  of  his  energy  and  sacrifices 
is  the  history  of  all  the  old-fashioned,  two-storied 
houses  and  big  barns  that  were  built  seventy-five 
years  ago  in  Waterford. 

Lieut.  Green  i  was  followed  by  quite  a  colony  from 
Rowley,  Mass.  Deacon  Stephen  Jewett  ^  and  his  sons, 
Nathan^  and  Ebenezer,*  Moses  Hobson^  (who  worked 
for  the  deacon  in  Rowley),  Jonathan,^  SamueP  and 
Josiah  Plummer^  (Samuel  came  first),  Joshua,^  Eze- 
kiel,^°  Samuel "  and  Humphrey  Saunders,^^  Daniel  ^^ 
and  David  Chaplin.^*  Some  of  these  men  had  served 
under  Lieut.  Green  in  the  French  and  Revolutionary 
wars. 

Throughout  this  address,  in  a  note,  L.  and  R.  against  a  party's  name 
refer  to  the  Lot  and  Range  on  which  they  lived. 

1 L.  4,  R.  13.  2  L.  6^  R,  13.  3  l.  5^  r.  13,  4  l.  5,  R.  13. 

5 L.  6,  R.  13.  6 L.  6^  R.  9.  7 L.  5,  R.  8.  ^L.  5,  R.  7. 

9  L.  6,  R.  11.  1°  L.  6,  R.  9.  "  L.  6,  R.  10.  12  l.  j^  r.  h. 

13L.  6,  R.  12.  i*L.  3,R.  12. 


48  HISTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 

The  north-west  part  of  Waterford  was  for  a  long 
time  called  "  Rowley,"  and  the  old  Lovell  road  from 
North  Waterford  as  far  as  the  Lovell  line  was  called 
"  Rowley  street."  The  road  from  North  Bridgton  to 
Waterford  Flat  was  the  first  built  in  town,  probably 
about  1787.  It  ran  near  the  old  Scoggin  trail  from 
the  head  of  the  pond  to  the  old  Methodist  meeting- 
house, thence  through  what  is  now  Waterford  City 
to  Waterford  Flat.  This  road  was  the  thoroughfare 
over  which  the  early  settlers  of  Waterford,  Oxford, 
and  Sudbury  Canada  came  into  the  wilderness ;  and 
over  it  our  fathers  went  out  to  purchase  supplies  of 
Capt.  Kimball  at  North  Bridgton,  or  to  mill  at 
Stevens  Brook. 

The  exact  date  of  the  coming  of  the  settlers  from 
Rowley  I  cannot  determine, — except  Lieut.  Green, 
Samuel  Plummer,  and  Moses  Hobson, — probably 
about  1790.  Their  coming  and  that  of  Eli  Longley  ^ 
of  Bolton,  Mass.,  in  1789,  and  Eber  Rice'  of  North- 
borough,  Mass.,  led  to  the  building  or  rather  cutting 
out  of  the  first  road  through  Waterford.  This, 
rougher  than  a  modern  logging  road,  left  the  Scog- 
gin trail  at  Waterford  City  and  ran  to  the  Flat  by 
the  old  road,  thence  over  Plummer  hill,  back  of 
Joshua  Saunders'  and  William  Kilborn's  to  a  point 
half  a  mile  east  of  Peter  E.  Mosher's,  thence  straight 

iL.  6,  E.  6.  2L.  7,  E.  10. 


PLANTATION  EOADS.  49 

to  the  Scoggin  trail  below  Samuel  H.  Warren's.    It 
was  built  in  1788  or  1789. 

The  coming  of  Solomon  Stone'  and  Deacon  Nurse  ^ 
of  Bolton,  Mass.,  about  1790,  and  the  demand  for  a 
road  to  Oxford  (for  settlers  began  to  come  into  Ox- 
ford in  1784),  led  to  the  building  of  what  used  to  be 
called  the  Albany  road.  It  extended  from  the  Flat 
by  Solomon  Stone's  and  Deacon  Nurse's,  across  to 
the  Moses  Bisbee  farm,  thence  into  Albany.  This 
road  was  built  about  1790. 

The  growing  settlements  on  the  three  tiers  after- 
ward set  off  to  Cummin gs  Purchase  (Norway),  and 
the  coming  of  Asa  Johnson'  and  Thaddeus  Brown,* 
led  to  the  building  of  what  is  now  called  the  old  road 
to  Norway. 

The  coming  of  Samuel  Warren,  Lieut.  Thomas 
Green,  Daniel  Chaplin,^  and  Humphrey  Saunders « 
from  Rowley,  together  with  the  growth  of  New 
Suncook  (Lovell),  which  was  settled  in  1777,  com- 
pelled the  building,  about  1800,  of  what  is  called  the 
Sabattis  road,  which  left  the  Scoggin  trail  near  Sam- 
uel H.  Warren's,  and  followed  what  is  called  the  old 
Lovell  road  over  Sabattis  mountain  to  the  head  of 
great  Kezar  pond.  This  was  built  about  the  year 
1800. 

These  roads  and  all  the  roads  in  Maine  were  for 


iL.  8,  R.  9.  ^L.  8,  R.  10.  ^L.  10,  R.  8. 

*  L.  8,  R.  7.  5  L.  3,  R.  12.  ^  l,  j^  r,  h. 


50  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

years  rude  affairs.  The  journey  of  our  fathers  from 
Massachusetts  to  Waterford  involved  innumerable 
discomforts.  Some  came  in  coasters  as  far  as  Port- 
land, then  through  Gorham,  Standish,  and  over  the 
lakes  to  the  head  of  Long  pond.  Others  toiled 
over  the  wretched  road  which  ran  through  Flints- 
town  and  Bridge-town,  on  horseback,  in  ox-carts, 
and  more  often  on  foot.  Whenever  it  was  known 
that  a  settler  was  coming  in  or  going  through  to  Ox- 
ford or  Sudbury  Canada,  the  people  turned  out  en 
masse  with  oxen  or  horses  and  helped  them  along ; 
and  if  there  were  not  enough  of  these  they  did  not 
hesitate  to  use  their  own  stout  shoulders  in  carrying 
his  scanty  baggage.  But  our  fathers  were  poor  men, 
and  it  was  little  they  brought  with  them  into  the 
wilderness. 

Until  Eli  Longley  opened  his  store  at  the  Flat  in 
1801,  the  people  bought  the  few  groceries  and  dry 
goods  that  they  must  have  from  those  who  had 
taken  produce  to  market  in  Portland,  and  brought 
back  a  few  goods  in  exchange.  John  Chamberlain, 
who  bailt  the  house  opposite  the  old  meeting-house, 
Dr.  Cummings,  who  lived  in  the  house  now  occupied 
by  Rev.  John  A.  Douglass,  Benjamin  Sampson,  who 
lived  near  Sampsons  pond,  all  kept  a  few  necessary 
articles  in  their  houses.  The  people  also  bought 
some  goods  at  North  Bridgton  and  Stevens  Brook. 


RELIGIOUS  PRIVILEGES.  51 

But  the  wants  of  the  people  were  few,  and  a  very 
scanty  supply  of  goods  met  all  their  demand. 

Until  about  1790  all  boards  were  hauled  in  from 
Stevens  Brook,  and  all  corn  was  ground  there 
or  at  Bethel  Hill.  About  that  time  a  saw-mill  was 
built  near  the  mouth  of  Bear  brook,  just  west  of  the 
house  of  Josiah  Monroe.  A  grist-mill  was  built 
about  the  same  time  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by 
Stanwood's  bucket  factory.  Jacob  Gibson,  better 
known  as  "  Cam "  Gibson,  built  the  saw-mill ;  Ezra 
Jewell  the  grist-mill.  This  saw-mill  was  a  great  con- 
venience, as  the  people  soon  after  began  to  build 
frame  houses.  Mr.  Jewell  built  two  or  three  years 
later  the  first  frame  house  in  Waterford,  close  by  his 
mill. 

During  these  early  years  the  people  were  natur- 
ally deprived  of  church,  school,  and  social  privi- 
leges to  a  very  considerable  extent;  they  made 
up  for  the  loss  as  best  they  could.  They  depended, 
in  part,  for  religious  instruction  on  the  benevolent 
labors  of  ministers  settled  in  the  older  towns  of 
Maine  and  New  Hampshire,  who  made  occasional 
missionary   tours  ^  through   Oxford   and    Kennebec 

1  Some  of  the  best  fragmentary  history  of  Maine  that  we  have  are 
the  diaries  of  these  missionary  ministers.  Especially  rich  is  that  of 
Rev.  Paul  Coffin,  d.d.,  of  Buxton,  who  made  repeated  tours  through 
western  Maine.  He  found  the  people  much  more  given  to  religious 
disputation  than  to  earnest  living.  A  new  country,  with  its  unsettled 
habits  of  life  and  thought,  is  a  paradise  for  zealous,  willful  sectarians. 


52 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


counties — the  "new  country"  so  called.  Among 
these  were  Revs.  William  Fessenden  of  Fryeburg, 
Marrett  of  Standish,  Nathan  Church  of  Bridgton, 
and  Robie  of  Otisfield.  No  one  was  more  beloved 
than  Father  Hidden  of  Tamworth,  N.  H.  Socially 
a  favorite,  an  eloquent  speaker,  his  labors  were 
greatly  blest.  In  the  records  of  the  old  church 
I  find  the  following  entries:  "Sept.  1,  1793,  Joseph 
and  John,  sons  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Sanderson, 
were  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Little  of  Wells,  while 
on  a  mission.  Oct.  1,  1797,  Sarah,  daughter  of  the 
same  parents,  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fessenden  of 
Fryeburg.  Oct.  25,  1799,  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Thompson  of  Standish  (on  Charles  Hayes' 
account),  by  Rev.  Mr.  Marrett." 

Meetings  were  for  the  most  part  held  in  the  sum- 
mer and  irregularly ;  sometimes  in  a  barn,  often  out 
of  doors.  During  cold  weather  deacon  meetings 
were  occasionally  held  in  private  houses ;  often  at 
Eli  Longley's  log  house,  a  sort  of  hotel,  half-way  be- 
tween the  Flat  and  Rev.  Mr.  Douglass',  on  the  lower 
side  of  the  road.  As  many  of  the  early  settlers 
were  Christians,  members  of  churches  in  Massachu- 
setts, doubtless  their  influence  was  considerable  in 
maintaining  religious  life  among  these  independent 
and  somewhat  irreligious  men.  It  is  certain  that  the 
religious  life  of  the  people  was  low  at  this  time,  for 
among  the  weightiest  reasons  that  urged  our  fathers 


SCHOOLS  AND  SOCIAL  LIFE.  53 

to  adopt  a  town  government  was  this,  "  that  their 
children  were  growing  up  wild  and  uncultivated." 

There  were  no  schools  supported  by  public  tax. 
Private  schools  were  held  in  different  houses  a  few 
weeks  in  the  year.  Still  the  demand  for  them  was 
not  pressing  in  the  earliest  history  of  the  town,  as 
most  of  the  settlers  were  young  people,  and  were 
not  married  until  just  before  or  soon  after  their 
coming  to  Waterford. 

Social  opportunities  were  greatly  restricted.  Mrs. 
Thaddeus  Brown  was  in  town  six  months  before  she 
saw  a  woman.  There  was  much  visiting  from  camp 
to  camp  by  the  early  settlers,  the  visitors  traveling 
by  spotted  lines.  Except  to  the  very  poor,  whose 
sufferings  made  it  impossible  for  them  to  enjoy  the 
novelty  of  the  situation,  this  life,  with  its  makeshifts, 
its  droll  surprises,  and  above  all  its  possibilities,  had 
great  fascinations. 

The  log  house,  the  home  of  all,  was  rude,  but 
warm  in  winter  and  cool  in  summer.  No  blasts  of 
death  came  from  air-tight  stoves  to  stupify  and  kill, 
but  generous  fire-places  rather.  These  ventilators 
left  the  air  clean  and  pure,  if  sometimes  rather  cold. 
Furniture  was  a  matter  of  simple  convenience,  else 
of  little  consequence ;  a  rough  table,  a  few  blocks  of 
wood  for  chairs,  and  a  settle  were  all  at  first.     The 


64  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

land  was  rich.  The  best  ridges  bore  generous  crops 
for  half  a  generation.  Even  hemlock  plains,  if 
tickled  with  the  hoe  and  not  tickled  too  often, 
would  laugh  a  harvest.  Chintz  bugs,  weevils,  Col- 
orado beetles,  middle-men,  and  all  the  other  parasites 
which  so  harass  the  farmer  of  to-day,  were  not  then. 
Clothing  was  expensive,  and  the  girl  who  was  fortu- 
nate enough  to  own  a  calico  dress  was  an  object 
of  envy.  Calico  was  from  fifty  to  sixty-five  cents  a 
yard,  and  five  yards  made  a  dress  pattern. 

The  people  were  eminently  social ;  this  was  nat- 
ural. One  hundred  grown-up  strangers,  representing 
at  least  fifty  towns,  were  suddenly  thrown  together. 
Each  had  his  own  past  history  and  the  history  of  his 
locality  to  tell  the  other  of;  and  fifty  localities 
in  eastern  Massachusetts,  seventy-five  years  ago,  on 
account  of  the  absence  of  newspapers  and  books, 
represented  more  social  and  historic  traditions  than 
would  the  same  number  of  places  to-day,  one  hun- 
dred times  as  far  apart. 

Then  there  was  well-nigh  perfect  equality.  Each 
owned  simply  himself  The  new  start  that  all  were 
making  fired  even  the  most  sluggish ;  but  nature,  in 
time,  asserted  herself  The  shiftless  in  Massachusetts 
were  shiftless  still ;  the  low  were  low  still,  and  each 
went  to  his  own  social  place.  But  the  new  experi- 
ences of  pioneer  life,  the  privations  and  successes, 
were  all  unfailing  sources  of  kindly  neighborhood  talk. 


POSTAL  FACILITIES.  55 

Postal  facilities  then  were  greatly  restricted.  I 
find  that  in  May,  1775,  the  Provincial  Congress  of 
Massachusetts  established  a  general  post-office  in 
Cambridge,  and  appointed  postmen  to  ride  on  the 
principal  routes ;  among  others  as  far  east  as  George- 
town in  this  State,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec 
river.  Joseph  Barnard  was  the  post-rider  between 
Portsmouth  and  Falmouth-town.^  There  were  three 
post-offices  provided  for  Maine, — at  Wells,  Falmouth 
Neck,  and  Georgetown.  The  mail  was  carried  once 
a  week.  Mr.  Barnard  did  not  average  to  carry  for 
years  more  than  four  or  five  letters  each  trijD.  In 
1788  the  whole  number  of  letters  sent  from  the 
Falmouth  post-office  was  but  fifty-seven. 

January,  1787,  Mr.  Barnard,  the  old  post-rider,  put 
on  a  stage-carriage  drawn  by  two  horses  between 
Falmouth-town  and  Portsmouth.  This  was  the 
first  attempt  to  carry  passengers  in  this  State  by 
public  conveyance.  Mr.  Barnard  advertised  to  leave 
Portsmouth  in  the  morning,  reaching  Arundel  ^  the 
same  day.  Broad's  tavern  (Stroud water  ^)  the  second, 
Falmouth  Neck  the  morning  of  the  third.  The  dis- 
tance from  Portland  to  Portsmouth  was  less  than 
sixty  miles.  One  can  judge  from  the  length  of  time 
— more  than  two  days — the  condition  of  the  roads. 

Until  1784  the  only  mail  route  between  Boston 

1  Portland.  ^  Kennebunk.  ^  Deering. 


56  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

« 

and  the  east  was  over  the  coast  road,  by  way  of  Sa- 
lem, Newburyport,  Portsmouth,  York,  Falmouth- 
town,  and  Brunswick,  to  Georgetown.  The  distance 
from  Boston  to  Fahnouth-town  at  this  time  was 
118x0  miles.  In  1784  another  mail  route  was  es- 
tablished from  Boston,  through  Andover,  Haverhill, 
Exeter,  and  Dover,  to  Wells,  there  joining  the  route 
I  have  just  mentioned.  In  1785  the  mails  were  car- 
ried to  Hallo  well  and  Norridgewock.  In  1788  they 
were  carried  from  Georgetown  to  Wiscasset,  Blue 
Hill,  and  Gouldsborough,  and  in  1789  to  Machias. 

The  mail  routes  were  not  much  extended  for  the 
next  ten  years.^  In  1793  the  post-ofi&ces  in  Maine 
were  at  York,  Wells,  Biddeford,  Portland,  North  Yar- 
mouth, Brunswick,  Bath,  and  Wiscasset.  In  1797 
there  were  thirteen:  at  York,  Wells,  Kennebunk, 
Berwick,  Waterborough,  Biddeford,  Portland,  North 
Yarmouth,  Brunswick,  Bath,  Hallowell,  Wiscasset, 
Norridgewock,  and  Passamaquoddy.  In  1798  a  post- 
office  was  established  at  Fryeburg ;  about  the  same 
time,  or  a  little  earlier,  one  at  Bridgton  and  Paris. 
Previous  to  that  time  Oxford  county  depended  upon 


iln  1785  a  road  was  opened  from  Falmouth-town  to  Upper  Coos, 
through  New  Gloucester,  Bakers-town  (Poland  and  Miuot),  Shepard- 
field  (Hebron),  No.  4  (Paris),  Sudbury  Canada  (Bethel  and  Hanover), 
Shelburne,  N.  H.,  to  Northumberland;  in  1805  from  Fryeburg  through 
the  White  Mountain  Notch  to  Upper  Coos.  About  the  same  time  a 
road  was  opened  from  Portland  to  Bethel  by  way  of  Windham, 
Raymond,  Bridgton,  Waterford  Flat,  and  Hunt's  Corner  (Albany). 


INCOEPORATION  OP  WATERFORD.  57 

the  courtesy  of  the  postmaster  at  Portland  for  any 
mail  matter.  He  sent  it  into  the  back  comitry 
by  any  responsible  person  who  happened  to  be  in 
Portland. 

There  is  no  written  record  of  the  plantation  meet- 
ings of  Waterford.  They  were  held  at  Eli  Longley's 
log  house,  at  Dr.  Cummings',  and  John  Chamber- 
lain's. Of  these  meetings  tradition  has  but  one 
voice,  and  that  is  that  they  were — to  state  the  case 
mildly — very  turbulent.  The  rights  and  duties  of  a 
plantation,  if  well  defined  by  law,  were  but  poorly 
understood  by  the  majority  of  -the  people ;  at  best 
these  powers  were  limited.  Our  fathers  had  grown 
up  under  town  government,  and  naturally  made 
awkward  work  of  regulating  themselves  by  the 
makeshifts  of  plantation  law.  The  shiftless  and 
mean  prevented  all  taxation  save  for  road  building, 
and  but  little  was  spent  for  that. 

The  inconveniences  and  evils  of  plantation  gov- 
ernment led  our  fathers  to  petition  for  incorporation 
Dec.  19,  1795.  They  were  unanimous  in  this  wish, 
although  they  could  not  agree  as  to  details.  The 
main  point  of  disagreement  was  the  location  of  the 
meeting-house,  which  was  also  to  be  used  as  a  town- 
house.  Naturally  each  section  wished  to  avoid  the 
hills  in  the  center  of  the  town  as  much  as  possible. 
5 


68  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

The  three  tiers  of  lots  afterward  set  off  to  Norway 
were  at  that  time  a  part  of  the  plantation  of  Water- 
ford,  although  they  were  but  scantily  settled.  There 
were  no  inhabitants  in  Bisbee-town/  and  but  few 
along  Crooked  river  below. 

If  the  meeting-house  was  located  at  the  geograph- 
ical center  of  the  town,  it  would  be  built  near  where 
Mr.  Thaddeus  Brown  now  lives,  lot  8,  R.  7 ;  but  that 
would  compel  the  people  in  the  north  part  of  the 
town  to  climb  the  Rice  or  little  Beech  hill, — quite  a 
climb  whichever  way  you  take  it.  This  they  were 
unwilling  to  do.  No  recourse  remained  but  to 
change  the  geographical  center  of  the  town.  There- 
fore a  petition  was  prepared  and  sent  to  the  General 
Court,  then  in  session,  praying  that  the  town  might 
be  incorporated  with  three  tiers  of  lots  set  off  to 
Cummings  Purchase  (Norway).  This  would  make 
lot  6,  R.  7  the  central  lot,  and  naturally  locate  the 
meeting-house  there.  The  people  in  the  north  and 
west  parts  of  the  town  favored  this,  as  did  those  liv- 
ing in  the  Plummer  neighborhood.  The  south  part 
of  the  town  was  willing  to  compromise  by  locating 
the  meeting-house  on  the  Flat,  where  Mr.  Porter 
now  lives  j  to  this  the  north  part  of  the  town  would 

1  Bisbee-town  includes  the  north-east  part  of  Waterford.    It  was  set- 
tled about  1825  by  the  Blsbees,  who  came  from  Sumner,  Me. 


INCORPORATION  OF  WATERFORD.  69 

not  consent.     With  this  statement,  the  petition  and 
counter  petitions  explain  themselves. 

PETITION  FOR  INCORPORATION. 

To  the  Honorable  Senate  and  House  of  Kepresentatives  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  General  Court  assembled, 
January,  a.d.  1796. 

The  petition  of  the  subscribers,  inhabitants  of  the  plantation  of 
Waterford  in  the  county  of  York,  humbly  showeth,  that  settle- 
ments began  to  be  maide  on  this  plantation  about  nine  or  ten  years 
ago,  that  we  have  at  this  time  upwards  of  sixty  families,  that  your 
petitioners,  like  other  plantations  in  similar  circumstances,  labor 
under  many  inconveniences  for  want  of  an  incorporation,  in  par- 
ticular the  public  worship  of  the  Deity,  schooling  our  children, 
who  are  in  danger  of  growing  up  wild  and  uncultivated,  to  the 
great  grief  of  those  of  us  who  are  parents,  and  also  for  want  of 
roads,  etc.,  etc.  For  these  reasons  and  others  that  might  be  men- 
tioned, we  pray  your  honors  that  we  may  be  incorporated  into  a 
town  by  the  name  of  Waterford,  according  to  the  plan  herewith 
exhibited,  saving  and  excepting  the  three  most  eastermost  tiers  of 
lotts  from  north  to  south,  which  tiers  of  lotts  with  the  settlers  that 
are  on  any  of  them,  it  is  our  prayer  that  they  may  be  set  to  and 
incorporated  with  the  settlers  of  Cummings  Purchase  and  others 
that  may  be  incorporated  with  them,  and  in  this  last  request  we 
have  no  doubt  but  that  they  will  join  with  us,  as  it  will  be  much 
more  convenient  for  them  to  be  connected  with  the  settlers  on 
Cummings  Purchase  than  with  the  inhabitants  of  Waterford,  or 
otherwise  relieve  your  petitioners  as  you  in  your  wisdom  shall 
think  proper,  and  we  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

Waterford,  Dec.  19, 1795. 
(Signed) 

Nathaniel  Jewett,  Stephen  Jewett, 

Ebenezer  Jewett,  Ezekiel  Sanders, 

Seth  Kussell,  Samuel  Warren,    • 

Samuel  Sampson,  William  Warren,, 


60  HISTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 

David  Whitcomb,  Thomas  Green, 

Stephen  Cummings,  Daniel  Green, 

Eleazor  Hamlin,  Daniel  Chaplin, 

John  Chamberlain,  Abijah  Warren, 

Hannibal  Hamlin,  Benjiman  Sampson, 

Isaac  Hor,  Samuel  Plummer, 

John  Hor,  Nathan  Jewett, 

Abram  Hor,  Phineas  Sampson, 

Joshua  Sanders,  Jonathan  Houghton. 

Phillip  Hor,  Israel  Hale, 

Ephraim  Davenport,  Samuel  Brigham. 
Richard  Brigham, 

The  Senate  and  House,  Jan.  27,  1796,  referred  the 
petition  to  the  Committee  on  Apphcation  for  Incor- 
poration of  Towns,  to  hear  the  parties  and  report. 
An  order  was  sent  to  the  assessors  of  the  plantation 
of  Waterford  to  appear  and  show  cause,  if  any,  why 
the  petition  of  Stephen  Jewett  and  others  should 
not  be  granted.   To  this  was  sent  the  following  reply : 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

To  the  Honorable  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives 

in  General  Court  assembled. 

Agreable  to  an  order  of  the  Honorable  Cort  of  the  26th  of  Janu- 
ary last,  dyrecting  the  inhabitants  of  the  plantation  of  Waterford 
to  appear  and  show  cors,  if  any  they  had,  why  the  petition  of 
Stephen  Jewett  and  others  praying  that  the  plantation  of  Water- 
ford might  be  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Waterford,  with  the 
exception  of  the  three  most  eastermost  tears  of  lots,  might  not  be 
granted.  The  inhabitants  of  the  plantation  aforesaid,  being  met  in 
plantation  meeting  on  the  29th  of  September  last,  voted  by  a  ma- 
jority of  said  meeting  that  Africa  Hamlin,  Malboro  Kingman,  and 
Nathaniel  Chamberlain  be  a  committee  to  remonstrate  against  the 


INCORPORATION  OF  WATERFORD.  61 

prayer  of  the  said  petitioners  in  behalf  of  a  majority  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  said  plantation. 
A  true  copy  of  the  minutes. 

Afkica  Hamlin,  Clerk  of  Plantation. 

"We  the  undersigned,  being  chosen  as  a  committee  to  remonstrate 
against  the  above-mentioned  petition,  do  offer  the  following  rea- 
sons as  our  objections  against  the  said  prayer. 

1st.  Because  the  roads  happily  convean  the  present  center; 
whereas  by  making  a  new  one  it  will  be  inconvenient  on  account 
of  ponds,  etc.,  etc. 

2d.  Because  a  river  running  through  said  plantation  will  cause 
the  inhabitants  to  make  and  maintain  two  extensive  bridges,  with 
little  more  than  one  tear  of  lots  opposite  said  bridges  adjoining  the 
above-mentioned  tear  of  lots. 

3d.  Because  there  are  three  public  lots  that  will  become  amena- 
ble to  taxation  if  transferred. 

4th.  Because  the  signers  of  the  above-mentioned  petition  living 
in  the  west  and  north-west  parts  of  the  plantation  wish  to  get  rid 
of  one-fifth  part  of  the  plantation  for  no  other  cause  than  to  con- 
vean themselves  with  the  public  buildings  hereafter  to  be  erected, 
whereas  they  do  not  own  one  inch  of  the  settling  lots  in  the  three 
tears  of  settling  lots,  and  the  owners  of  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
two  lots  of  land  are  opposed  to  the  prayer  of  said  petition. 

5th.  Because  the  inhabitants  living  on  the  three  tears  of  lots 
are  opposed  to  being  set  off. 

6th.  Because  the  owners  of  the  soil  of  the  three  tears  of  lots 
own  farms  and  other  landed  property  in  said  plantation,  and  we 
pray  that  they  may  not  be  separated.  These  being  our  reasons, 
which  we  conceive  will  be  ample  suflScient  to  prevent  the  above- 
mentioned  prayer  from  being  granted.  We  however  gladly  submit 
them  to  your  honers'  better  judgement  and  as  in  duty  bound  will 
ever  pray. 

Waterfoed,  Oct.  27, 1796. 

r  Africa  Hamlin, 
Com.  ■<  ISTath'l  Chamberlain, 
(Malboro  Kingman. 


62  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

With  this  protest  was  sent  the  following  petition  : 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

To  the  Honorable  Senate  and  House  of  Eepresentatives  of  the 
Commonwealth  aforesaid  in  General  Court  assembled. 

Your  petitioners,  being  the  inhabitants  and  non-resident  propri- 
etors of  the  plantation  of  Waterford  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,^ 
beg  leave  to  inform  your  honors  that  there  is  between  fifty  and 
sixty  families  in  said  plantation;  that  the  inhabitants  labour  under 
many  inconveniences  for  want  of  proper  authority  to  raise  money 
for  the  support  of  schools  and  various  other  purposes  to  promote 
the  peace  and  prosperity  of  the  plantation.  Your  petitioners  there- 
fore pray  that  the  inhabitants  of  said  plantation  may  be  incorpor- 
ated with  the  privilege  of  a  body  politick,  reference  being  had  to 
the  confirmation  of  the  grant  of  the  town  for  the  bounds  of  the 
same  and  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

PROPRIETORS  AND  INHABITANTS. 

John  Nurse,  David  McElwain, 

Colman  B.  "Watson,  Joel  Atherton, 

Thaddeus  Brown,  David  Hammond, 

William  Brown,  Abijah  Swan, 

Ephriam  Chamberlain,  Jonathan  Longley, 

Malboro  Kingman,  Africa  Hamlin, 

John  Atherton,  Moses  Stone, 

Daniel  Barker,  Asaph  Brown, 

Jacob  Gibson,  Jonathan  Bobbins, 

John  Holland,  Phineas  Whitney, 

Oliver  Hale,  Eli  Longley, 

Abijah  Brown,  Silas  Brown, 

Abraham  Conant,  Solomon  Stone, 

John  Stevens,  James  Chamberlain, 

Stephen  Sanderson,  Francis  Gardner, 

Reuben  "Whitney,  Jotham  Johnson, 

Isaac  Smith,  James  Kendall,  jr. 
Nathaniel  Chamberlain. 

1  The  use  of  Cumberland  instead  of  York  was  doubtless  a  slip  of  the  pen. 


INCORPORATION  OF  WATERFORD.  63 

Read  and  concurred  in  by  House  of  Representa- 
tives Nov.  17,  1796. 

To  this  the  original  petitioners  sent  the  following 
answer : 

To  the  Honourable  Senate  and  Honourable  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  in  General  Court 
assembled,  November  A.D.  1796. 

The  memorial  of  us  the  subscribers,  inhabitants  of  the  planta- 
tion of  Waterford,  humbly  showeth  that  a  plantation  meeting  was 
held  by  the  inhabitants  of  this  place  on  the  29th  of  September 
past.  It  was  voted  in  said  meeting  that  the  inhabitants  do  not 
consent  to  have  any  part  of  their  plantation  annexed  to  Cummings 
Purchase,  consequently  a  remonstrance  was  ordered  to  be  pre- 
sented to  your  honors  against  a  former  petition  presented  by  your 
memorialists,  praying  that  this  plantation  might  be  incorporated, 
exclusive  of  three  tears  of  lots  on  the  east  part,  which  lots  we  pray 
might  be  annexed  to  Cummings  Purchase.  The  business  of  said 
meeting  was  transacted  under  the  assumed  appelation  of  a  majori- 
ty of  the  inhabitants,  but  your  memorialists  beg  leave  to  observe 
that  the  business  of  said  meeting  was  hurled  on  in  an  uncommon 
manner;  the  people  had  not  collected  when  the  vote  was  taken, 
persons  were  allowed  to  vote  that  were  not  inhabitants  of  the 
plantation,  consequently  a  small  majority  was  obtained.  Your 
memorialists  humbly  concieve  that  such  a  mode  of  proceeding  was 
as  contrary  to  law  as  it  was  void  of  justice.  Your  memorialists 
beg  leave  further  to  observe  that  considerable  contentions  have 
arisen  in  this  place  respecting  a  spot  on  which  to  erect  a  meeting- 
house. A  respectable  number  of  the  principal  inhabitants  that 
were  opposed  to  each  other  mutually  agreed  to  chuse  a  disinter- 
ested committee  from  other  towns  to  determine  on  the  spot  where 
to  erect  a  meeting-house.  The  committee  was  accordingly  chosen, 
consisting  of  three  gentlemen,  viz. ,  Moses  Ames,  William  Swan, 
and  Josiah  Pierce,  esquire.  They  met  and  acted  on  the  matter 
and  their  report  was  that  Davenports  hill  so  called  was  the  most 
suitable  place  for  a  meeting-house  as  the  town  was  then  situated. 


64 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


"We  beg  leave  to  inform  your  honors  that  the  above-mentioned  bill 
is  the  most  central  place  of  the  inhabitants  now  and  in  our  opinion 
ever  will  be,  and  if  a  former  prayer  is  granted  by  your  honors  re- 
specting three  tears  of  lots  being  annexed  to  Cummings  Purchase, 
it  will  be  within  a  few  rods  of  the  center  of  the  town.  These 
things  your  memorialists  can  abundantly  prove  if  further  proof  is 
necessary.  We  beg  your  honors  to  take  these  matters  into  your 
consideration,  and  do  as  your  honors  should  think  proper  and  we 
as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 


Eleazer  Hamlin, 
Phillip  Hor, 
Abram  Hor, 
Ezekial  Sanders, 
Humphrey  Sanders, 
John  Hor, 
Joshua  Sanders, 
David  Whitcomb, 
Seth  Ramsdell, 
Isaac  Hor, 
Samuel  Plummer, 
Nathaniel  Jewett, 
William  Warren, 
Nathan  Jewett, 
Stephen  Cummings, 
Hannibal  Hamlin, 
Phineas  Sampson. 


Stephen  Jewett, 
Ebenezer  Jewett, 
Samuel  Warren, 
Richard  Bryant, 
Samuel  Sampson , 
Samuel  Brigham, 
Asa  Case, 
Benjiman  Flint, 
Darius  Holt, 
Lemuel  Shee, 
Daniel  Chaplin, 
Abijah  Warren, 
Benjiman  Sampson, 
Thomas  Green, 
Daniel  Green, 
Thomas  Green,  jr. 


Read  and  concurred  in  by  House  and  Senate  Feb. 
3,  1797. 

Feb.  14,  1797.  The  standing  committee  of  both 
houses  for  the  incorporation  of  towns  reported  that 
the  petitioners  have  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  of  incor- 
poration, excepting  the  three  easternmost  tiers  of 
lots  in  said  plantation. 


INCOEPORATION  OF  WATERFORD.  65 

March  2,  1797.  An  act  of  incorporation  was 
passed.     It  read  as  follows : 

An  act  to  incorporate  part  of  the  plantation  called  Waterf ord ,  in 
the  county  of  York,  into  a  town  by  the  name  of  Waterford. 
Sect.  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Eepresenta- 
tives,  in  General  Court  assembled,  and  by  the  authority  of  the 
same.  That  all  that  part  of  the  plantation  aforesaid  which  is  con- 
tained within  the  following  bounds,  viz.,  beginning  at  the  north- 
westerly corner  of  Otisfleld,  thence  running  north,  65  degrees 
east,  twelve  hundred  and  seventy  rods,  by  said  Otisfield  to  the  di- 
viding line  between  the  third  and  fourth  tier  of  lots,  westerly  from 
the  easterly  side  line  of  said  Waterf  ord ;  thence  north,  25  degrees 
west,  on  the  dividing  line  between  the  said  third  and  fourth  tier  of 
lots  to  the  north-westerly  side  line  of  said  "Waterford;  thence 
south,  65  degrees  west,  640  rods,  on  a  new  township  called  Oxford 
to  a  stake  and  stones;  thence  south,  65  degrees  west,  650  rods,  to 
a  stake  and  stones;  thence  south,  65  degrees  west,  340  rods,  to  a 
stone  set  in  the  ground;  thence  south,  25  degrees  east,  160  rods, 
to  a  stone  in  the  ground;  thence  south,  65  degrees  west,  315  rods, 
to  a  stake  and  stones  standing  in  the  easterly  side  line  of  said  Kew 
Suncook;  thence  south,  25  degrees  east,  by  said  Kew  Suucook, 
2,020  rods  west,  to  a  pine  tree,  the  south-westerly  corner  of  said 
Waterford,  which  is  the  south-easterly  corner  of  the  aforesaid 
New  Suncook,  standing  in  the  northerly  end  line  of  Bridgton 
aforesaid;  thence  south,  25  degrees  east,  100  rods,  to  the  first 
bound,  together  with  the  inhabitants  thereon,  be  and  hereby  is  in- 
corporated into  a  town  by  the  name  of  Waterford;  and  the  said 
town  is  hereby  invested  with  all  the  powers,  privileges,  and  im- 
munities which  other  towns  in  this  Commonwealth  do  or  may  by 
law  enjoy. 

Sect.  2,  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid, 
that  Simon  Frye,  Esq.,  be  and  he  hereby  is  empowered  to  issue 
his  warrant  to  some  suitable  person,  inhabitant  of  said  Waterford, 
requiring  time  to  notify  and  warn  the  inhabitants  thereof  to  meet 
at  some  convenient  time  and  place,  for  the  purpose  of  choosing 


66  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

all  such  officers  as  towns  are  required  by  law  to  choose,  in  the 
month  of  March  or  April  annually. 

The  plantation  history  of  Waterford  covered  a 
space  of  twenty-two  years,  from  1775  to  1797,  or  for 
statistical  convenience  from  1775  to  1800.  During 
this  time  the  growth  of  the  State  and  county  was 
very  rapid,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  table, 
which  gives  the  population  of  each  at  different  dates 
between  those  years  until  after  1820.  The  following 
and  subsequent  tables  are  taken  from  Greenleaf's 
Survey  of  Maine. 


Counties.^ 

1775.2 

1777.2 

1784.2 

1790. 

1800. 

York, 

15,000 

15,908 

19,909 

27,560 

34,284 

Cumberland, 

12,000 

13,476 

15,621 

23,481 

31,898 

Lincoln, 

9,000 

12,916 

20,791 

18,608 

27,998 

Waldo, 

2,432 

6,695 

Hancock, 

5,763 

8,947 

Washington, 

2,526 

4,536 

Kennebec, 

9,105 

17,995 

Oxford, 

3,3333 

9,896 

Somerset, 

2,146 

5,509 

Penobscot, 

1,154 

3,009 

Total, 

36,000 

42,400 

56,321 

96,108 

151,719 

1  The  numbers  in  this  table  previous  to  the  year  1790,  assigned  to  York 
and  Cumberland  counties,  include  also  all  which  at  that  time  were  settled 
in  the  present  county  of  Oxford  and  a  part  of  Franklin  county;  and  those 
assigned  to  Lincoln  include  all  the  residue  of  the  State.  At  and  after  the 
year  1790,  the  numbers  express  the  population  of  the  towns  and  planta- 
tions which  in  1820  formed  the  respective  counties,  without  regard  to  ex- 
tent at  the  time  of  enumeration. 

2  The  population  these  years  are  estimates. 

8  Oxford  county  at  this  time  included  the  towns  of  Jay,  Livermore, 
and  Turner.  These  towns  are  included  in  Oxford  county  in  making  up 
the  county  population,  but  excluded  from  the  list  of  towns.  In  all  town 
lists  I  shall  give  only  those  towns  that  are  now  included  in  Oxford 
county. 


INCOEPORATION  OF  WATERFORD.  67 

The  double  line  of  incorporated  towns  on  the 
coast  between  the  Piscataqua  and  Penobscot  bay  in 
1775,  had  now  reached  an  average  width  of  ten/ 
with  a  wide  fringe  of  flourishing  plantations  behind 
them.  Between  the  Penobscot  and  St.  Croix  there 
was  now  an  average  width  of  two  incorporated 
towns.  The  number  of  towns  had  increased  from 
thirty-four  to  one  hundred  and  thirty-six.  Oxford 
county,  which  McWain  twenty-five  years  before 
had  found  a  wilderness  except  at  Pequawkett  and 
Sudbury  Canada,  now  contained  twelve  incorporated 
towns  and  as  many  large  plantations.  Between  the 
same  dates  the  population  of  the  Province  of  Maine 
had  increased  from  36,000  to  151,729,  a  gain  of 
more  than  four  hundred  per  cent  in  less  than  one 
generation.  This  great  increase  was  largely  due  to 
immigration.*^ 

Greenleaf  estimates  the  yearly  increase  by  immi- 
gration between  1775  and  1800  to  have  been  2,600, 
or  in  the  aggregate  47,112.     The  bulk  of  these  im- 

1  Here  and  there  among  these  towns  were  large  plantations  which 
for  economic  or  other  reasons  had  delayed  incorporation. 

2  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  swarmed  for  f oi-ty  years  after  the 
close  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  Between  1782  and  1820  Massachusetts 
lost  by  migration  288,546  of  her  population,  Connecticut  237,659. 
Most  of  the  emigrants  from  eastern  Massachusetts,  between  the  first 
date  and  1810,  settled  in  Maine  and  New  Hampshire ;  those  from  the 
western  part  of  the  State  in  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  and  New  York. 
The  Connecticut  emigrants  between  the  same  dates  went  to  Vermont 
and  the  Middle  States  for  the  most  part. 


68  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

migrants  came  from  eastern  Massachusetts,  and 
were  for  the  most  part  adult  males  and  females. 

The  old  towns  of  Oxford  county  received  their 
population  direct  from  Massachusetts,  the  newer  by 
migration  from  the  older  either  in  Oxford  or  Cum- 
berland counties.  The  rule  will  hold  good  in  our 
county,  that  the  more  direct  the  population  of  a 
town  came  from  Massachusetts  the  his/her  the  civili- 
zation  of  that  town  has  always  been.  It  was  this 
wholesale  migration  from  Massachusetts  and  Con- 
necticut into  northern  New  England  after  the  Revo- 
lution, that  made  the  institutions  and  character  of 
northern  and  southern  New  England  homogeneous. 

The  following  table  gives  an  incomplete  yet  in- 
teresting statement  of  the  population  of  the  towns 
in  Oxford  county  in  1790  ^  and  1800. 

1790  1800 
Albany  (Oxford)  *  settled  1784,  incorporated  1803,  69 
Andover  (E.  Andover),  settled  1780,  incorporated  1804,  22  175 
Bethel  and  Hanover  (Sudbury  Canada),  settled  1773,  in- 
corporated 1796,  100  616 
Brownfield  (Brownsfield), settled  1765, incorporated  1800,  250  287 
Buckfield  (Buck-town  or  No.  5) ,  settled  1776,  incor.  1793,  453  1002 
Dixfield,*  settled  1795,  incorporated  1803,  137 
Fryeburg  and  Stow  (Fryeburg-addition,  Pequawkett), 

settled  1763,  incorporated  1777,                                      547  734 

Gilead  (Peabodys  Patent),*  settled  1780,  incor.  1805,  88 

1  The  towns  starred  made  no  returns  of  population ;  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Paris  they  could  have  had  but  a  handful  of  settlers  each.  The 
population,  not  enumerated,  could  not  have  exceeded  500  either  year. 


LIST  OF  TAX  PATERS,  1797. 


69 


Hartford  (East  Butterfield),*  settled  1783,  incor.  1798, 
Hebron  and  Oxford  (Philips  Gore),  settled  1776,  incor- 
porated 1792, 
Hiram,  settled  1780,  incorporated  1807, 
Lovell  and  Sweden  (New  Suncook),*  settled  1777,  incor- 
porated 1800, 
Newry  (Bostwick),*  settled  1781,  incorporated  1805, 
Norway  (Rustfield,  Lees  Grant,  Cummings  Purchase), 

settled  1781,  incorporated  1796, 
Paris  (No.  4),*  settled  1779,  incorporated  1793, 
Porter  (Portersfield),*  settled  1784,  incorporated  1807, 
Rumford  (New  Penacook),*  settled  1777,  incor.  1800, 
Sumner  (West  Butterfield),  settled  1783,  incor.  1798, 
Waterfordji  settled  1775,  incorporated  1797, 


243 


530 

981 

192 

203 

202 

92 

448 

609 

844 

272 

262 

189 

330 

150 

535 

TOWN   HISTORY. 


1797 — 1820. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  tax  payers  in  Water- 
ford  at  the  time  of  its  incorporation,  the  lot  and 
range  on  which  each  settled,  and  the  names  of  the 
parties  now  owning  or  occupying  them. 


Names. 
Joel  Atherton, 
John  Atherton, 
John  Atherton,  jr., 
Samuel  Brigham, 
Asaph  Brown, 
Abijah  Brown, 


1797. 
L.  9,  R.  2. 
L.  9,  R.  2. 
L.  6,  R.  4. 
L.  2,  R.  9. 
L.  5,  R.  5. 
L.  3, R.  5. 


1875. 
Jonas  Atherton. 

John  Atherton. 

Manson. 

N.  of  Mr.   Stanwood's. 
George  K.  Hamlin. 


iWaterford  had  fourteen  polls  in  1786.    Beckoning  five  inhabitants  to  a 
poll,  this  would  make  a  population  of  seventy. 


70 


HISTORICAL  ADDEESS. 


Adonijah  Brown, 
John  Brown, 
Thaddeus  Brown, 
William  Brown, 
Silas  Brown, 
Daniel  Barker, 
Daniel  Barker,  jr., 
Joseph  Barker, 
Edward  Baker, 
Daniel  Chaplin, 
David  Chaplin, 
Dr.  Stephen  Cummings, 
Mrs.  Eunice  Conant, 
Ephraim  Chamberlain, 
N  athaniel  Chamberlain, 
John  Chamberlain, 
Ephraim  Davenport, 
Josiah  Dudley, 
Zechariah  Fletcher, 
Samuel  Earnsworth. 
Lieut.  Thomas  Green, 
Daniel  Green, 
Jacob  Gibson, 
Oliver  Hale, 
Israel  Hale, 
Benjamin  Hale, 
Hannibal  Hamlin, 
Eleazer  Hamlin, 
America  Hamlin, 
Africa  Hamlin, 
David  Hammond, 
Jonathan  Houghton, 
Abram  Hor, 
Philip  Hor, 
Isaac  Hor, 
John  Hor, 


L.  3,  R.  4. 

Capt.  L.  Houghton. 

L.  9,  R.  8. 

L.  8,  R.  7. 

A.  K.  P.  Kimball. 

L.  8,  R.  7. 

Thaddeus  Brown. 

L.  7,  R.  7. 

A.  K.  Cross. 

L.  2,  R.  4. 

A.  W.  Hale. 

L.  2,  R.  4. 

((                u 

L.  2,  R.  4. 

I.  S.  Cheever. 

L.  11,  R.  3. 

John  I^".  Baker. 

L.  3,  R.  12. 

Misses  S.  &  H.  Chaplin. 

L.  6,  R.  12. 

L.  6,  R.  7. 

Rev.  John  A.  Douglass. 

L.  5,  R.  5. 

West  of  Mr.  Stanwood's, 

L.  9,  R.  9. 

A.  Kimball. 

L.  2,  R.  3. 

Eleazer  Hamlin. 

L.  6,  R.  7. 

AVilliam  Kingman,  jr. 

L.  6,  R.  7. 

Charles  L.  Plummer. 

L.  4,  R.  1. 

Pine  Grove  House. 

L.  9,  R.  3. 

J.  Fogg. 

L.  4,  R.  12. 

Cyrus  Green. 

L.  4,  R.  12. 

((         (( 

L.  4,  R.  4. 

J.  S.  Grant. 

L.  4,  R.  5. 

Mrs.  C.  Perley. 

L.  5,  R.  5. 

Thomas  Swan, 

L. 1, R.  4. 

Eleazer  Hamlin. 

L.  8,  R.  4. 

D.  Purington. 

L.  5,  R.  7. 

Rev.  Mr.  Kendall. 

L.  3,  R.  3. 

Charles  Hamlin. 

L.  6,  R.  4. 

Charles  Jordan. 

L.  10,  R.  3. 

Fogg. 

L.  7,  R.  2. 

Stearns. 

L.  4,  R.  9. 

Philip  Hor. 

L.  4,  R.  9. 

((          a 

L.  6,  R.  12. 

A.  Allen. 

L.  6,  R.  12. 

T.  Kilborn. 

LIST  OF  TAX  PAYEES,  1797, 


71 


Capt.  Stephen  Jewett,  L.  5,  R.  13. 

liTathan  Jewett,  L.  5,  R.  13. 
Lieut.  Ebenezer  Jewett,      L.  6,  R.  13. 

Nathaniel  Jewett,  L.  6,  R.  13. 

Widow  Sally  Jewell,  L.  5,  R.  5. 

John  Jewell,  L.  7,  R.  8. 

Asa  Johnson,  L.  10,  R.  8. 
Malboro  Kingman, 
Lebeus  Kingman. 

Joseph  Kilgore,  L.  7,  R.  4. 

Benjamin  Kilgore,  L.  7,  R.  4. 

Eli  Longley,  L.  6,  R.  6. 

Jona  Longley,  L.  4,  R.  4. 

David  McWain,  L.  10,  R.  5. 

Ebenezer  Moulton,  L.  2,  R.  6. 

John  Nurse,  L.  8,  R.  11. 

Samuel  Plummer,  L.  5,  R.  8. 

Seth  Ramsdell,  L.  6,  R.  9. 

Eber  Rice,  L.  7,  R.  10. 

Jona  Robbins,  L.  5,  R.  6. 

Jeremiah  Robbins,  L.  5,  R.  6. 

James  Robbins,  L.  5,  R.  5. 

Mrs.  Betsey  Sanders,  L.  6,  R.  7. 

Ezekiel  Sanders,  L.  6,  R.  9. 

Humphrey  Sanders,  L.  1,  R.  11. 

Samuel  Sanders,  L.  6,  R.  10. 

Stephen  Sanderson,  L.  2,  R.  5. 

Phineas  Sampson,  L.  6,  R.  8. 

Benjamin  Sampson,  L.  5,  R.  11. 

Samuel  Sampson,  L.  6,  R.  9. 
Josiah  Shaw,  L.  3,  R.  6. 

Jonathan  Shaw. 
Thomas  Sinclair. 


Samuel  H.  "Warren. 
Peter  E.  Mosher. 
Earnum  Jewett. 

Stanwood's  Bucket  Fac- 
tory. 
Where  the  town  farm  is. 
J.  Chadbourne. 
L.  10,  R.  7.      Benjamin  Pride. 


Calvin  Hamlin. 
Andorus  Kilgore. 
Dr.  Shattuck. 
Under  Bald  Pate. 
Solomon  Hall. 
Josiah    Willard, 
Pike. 


J.  C. 


George  W.  Plummer. 
William  Plummer. 
C.  Rice. 
Stanwood's  Pasture. 

Frank  Chute,  Wm.  Mon- 
roe, W.  A.  Monroe. 
Amos  Sanders. 
Freeman  Horr. 
C.  Kneeland. 
Freeman  Horr. 
William  Haines. 
Eben  Plummer. 

Joel  Plummer. 
J.  M.  Shaw. 


72 


HISTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 


Isaac  Smith, 
Solomon  Stone, 
Moses  Stone, 
Joel  Stone, 
William  Stone, 
Simeon  Stone, 
Elijah  Swan, 
Samuel  Warren, 
William  Warren, 
Abijah  Warren, 
Coleman  Watson, 
Eliphalet  Watson, 
David  Whitcomb, 
James  Wright, 


L.  5,  R.  5. 
L.  8,  R.  9. 
L.  9,  R.  4. 
L.  8,  R.  9. 
L.  9,  R.  8. 
L.  9,  R.  4. 
L.  8,  R.  4. 
L.  4,  R.  12. 
L.  2,  R.  11. 
L.  3, R.  11. 
L.  8,  R.  8. 
L.  8,  R.  2. 
L.  2,  R.  6. 
L.  1,  R.  4. 


Luther  Houghton. 

Everett. 

Sumner  Stone. 
John  Everett. 
Andrew  Kimball. 
Sumner  Stone. 
Henry  Young. 
Daniel  Warren. 
Henry  Jewett. 
Isaac  Jewett. 
Edward  Hilton. 
Jona.  P.  Howe. 
Samuel  S.  Watson. 
George  Learned. 


The  valuation  of  the  town  in  1800  was  $29,395. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  live  stock  owned  in 
town  that  year. 

Horses, 79 

Colts,  two  years  old,            8 

Colts,  one  year  old, 13 

Oxen,            118 

Cows  and  three  year  olds, 298 

Cattle,  2  years  old, 102 

Cattle,  1  year  old, 115 

Two  years  later  the  number  of  dwelling-houses 
was  107.  Of  these  six  were  two-storied,  eighty-six 
were  low-framed  or  one  story,  and  JBfteen  were  log. 
There  were  but  one  or  two  finished  houses  in  town. 
There  were  eighty  framed  barns.  This  is  a  good 
record  for  less  than  twenty  years  of  work.  It  must 
be  borne  in  mind  that  McWain  was  the  only  settler 
in  Waterford  until  1784. 


PHYSICAL  FEATURES:  ORIGIN  OF  NAMES.  73 

Waterford  when  incorporated  (and  no  change  has 
been  made  since  in  its  boundary  lines)  was  seven 
and  one  half  miles  long,  and  six  and  three-fourths 
wide.  It  contains  50,625  square  miles,  or  31,775 
acres,  1,734  of  which  are  included  in  ponds.  The 
course  of  the  town  lines  is  22^  30'  west  and  vice 
versa.  Its  latitude  is  44°  8'  north ;  its  longitude  is 
78°  35'  west  from  London. 

Waterford  lies  among  the  foot  hills  of  the  White 
mountain  chain ;  it  is  the  last  town  among  them 
to  the  south-east.  The  great  physical  feature  of 
the  town  is  Beech  hilP  with  its  numerous  peaks. 
This  hill  includes  all  of  Waterford  north  of  Moose, 
Bear,  Tom,  and  Mc Wains  ponds,  and  west  of  Crooked 
river.  The  western  slopes  of  this  hill  lie  in  Lovell 
and  Sweden.  Its  different  peaks  are  known  as  the 
Beech,  Howard,  Jewett,  Proctor,  and  Rice  hills. 

Beech  hill  gained  its  name  from  its  heavy  growth 
of  beech.  This  was  not  a  very  common  wood  in 
Massachusetts;  naturally  it  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  early  settlers.  The  different  peaks  are  all 
named  after  the  first  settlers  who  owned  them. 

The  north  and  east  sides  of  Beech  hill  have  a  deep 
soil ;  but  on  these  slopes  the  hill  is  "  iron-sided."     In 

II  follow  the  geological  rather  than  the  traditional  or  local  view,  in 
grouping  all  the  hills  north  of  Tom  pond  and  west  of  Crooked  river 
as  peaks  of  Beech  hill. 
6 


74  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

spite  of  this  there  is  no  more  profitable  farming  land 
in  Waterford  if  it  is  patiently  worked.  It  is  well 
adapted  to  orcharding,  and  for  the  most  part  makes 
excellent  pasturage.  The  south  and  west  sides  of 
the  hill  are  much  less  rugged  than  the  other  slopes. 
There  are  no  better  upland  farms  in  Oxford  county, 
and  certainly  none  more  beautiful  for  location,  than 
those  in  West  Waterford  and  along  the  Plummer 
ridge.  The  lowlands  in  the  extreme  northern  part 
of  the  town  and  along  the  Crooked  river  are  made 
up  of  plain  and  meadow,  the  one  good  land  for 
crops  the  other  for  grass. 

Besides  Beech  hill  the  town  contains  several  smaller 
mountains.  Bald  Pate  was  so  named  by  the  early 
settlers  because  its  top,  when  the  town  was  settled, 
was  entirely  denuded  of  trees ;  a  fire  had  just  swept 
over  it. 

Mt.  Tire  'm  is  said  to  have  received  its  name  from 
the  expression  used  by  the  Indians  when  climbing 
its  steep  sides,  "  tire  um  Injuns."  Hawk  mountain 
was  named  by  some  lumbermen  from  Westbrook, 
who  were  "  masting  "  at  its  foot,  nearly  a  century  ago. 
They  saw  a  large  hawk  fly  over  it  and  so  gave  it  its 
name.  Bear  mountain  was  so  called  because  a  bear 
was  killed  while  attempting  to  swim  the  pond  at  its 
foot.  Temple  hill  was  so  named  because  many  of 
the  early  settlers  came  from  Temple,  Mass.  Below 
the  chain  of  ponds  that  cross  our  town  lie  beautiful 


PHYSICAL  FEATURES:  ORIGIN  OF  NAMES.  75 

ridges.  No  fairer  slopes  than  these  can  be  found  in 
Maine. 

In  the  valleys  at  the  foot  of  Beech  hill  lie  eight  of 
our  ten  ponds,  the  pride  of  our  town.  The  largest 
covers  484  the  smallest  40  acres — 1,734  in  all.  It 
would  be  hard  to  find  an  elevation  of  any  considera- 
ble importance  in  Waterford  from  which  a  number 
of  these  ponds  are  not  in  sight. 

The  origin  of  the  names  of  some  of  our  ponds  is 
doubtful.  I  give  the  traditions  for  what  they  are 
worth.  The  Kezar  ponds  (and  what  is  called  Chap- 
lins  pond  is  properly  one  of  the  Kezars)  were  named 
after  a  celebrated  hunter  by  the  name  of  Kezar,  who 
haunted  that  net-work  of  ponds — Kezar  pond  in 
Fryeburg,  upper  Kezar  pond  in  Lovell,  and  the  Ke- 
zars in  Waterford.  Doubtless  the  Kezars  and  Chap- 
lins  ponds,  together  with  the  meadows  of  Daniel 
Warren  and  George  Green,  were  a  great  pond  until 
Nature  burst  the  granite  dam  at  Kezar  Falls,  and 
converted  a  single  fall  into  what  is  now  a  beautiful 
cascade. 

Pappoose  pond  is  said  to  have  been  so  named  by 
the  Indians,  because  a  pappoose  was  drowned  there 
before  the  whites  came  to  Waterford.  This  may  be 
true,  as  the  first  settlers  found  an  Indian  opening 
just  east  of  the  pond,  as  well  as  one  near  Prides 
bridge.  McWains,  Bog,  Island,  and  Duck  ponds 
gained  their  names  for  obvious  reasons. 


76  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Thomas  pond  is  said  to  have  received  its  name 
from  Thomas  Chamberlain,  who,  when  chased  by  the 
Indians,  hid  under  a  shelving  rock  on  the  south  side 
of  it.  This  rock  is  half  out  of  water  in  a  dry  time. 
Tradition  also  says  that  this  was  the  Chamberlain 
who  killed  Paugus  in  the  Lovewell  fight.  I  may 
here  state  that  the  Chamberlain  family  was  always 
freely  drawn  on  by  our  fathers  when  it  was  necessa- 
ry to  find  a  hero  in  Indian  skirmish  or  legend. 

Bear  and  Moose  ponds  are  said  to  have  received 
their  names  because  early  in  the  history  of  the  town 
a  bear  was  killed  in  one  and  a  moose  in  the  other. 
Crooked  river  was  so  called  on  account  of  its 
crooked  course  in  the  town,  its  whole  length  in 
Waterford  being  eighteen  miles  and  fourteen  rods. 
Another  and  the  proper  name  for  this  river  is 
Songo,  as  it  drains  Songo  pond  in  Albany  and  was 
so  called  by  the  Indians. 

But  to  return  to  the  early  days  of  our  town  his- 
tory. On  the  7th  of  March,  'Squire  Frye,  as  directed 
by  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  instructed 
Eleazar  Hamlin  to  summon  the  people  of  Waterford 
to  assemble  at  the  new  dwelling-house  of  Dr. 
Stephen  Cummings  to  choose  the  town  ofiicers  re- 
quired by  law. 

I  give  the  summons  and  the  proceedings  of  the 
first  and  second  town  meetings  in  full,  excepting  an 


FIRST  TOWN  MEETINGS.  77 

item  concerning  the  building  of  some  roads  in  the 
western  part  of  the  town. 

COMMONWEALTH  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 

York  ss.  To  Eleazar  Haraliu  of  Waterford  iu  said  county, 
greeting. 

In  the  name  of  the  Commonwealth  aforesaid  you  are  hereby  re- 
quired and  directed  to  notify  and  warn  all  the  freeholders  and 
other  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Waterford,  in  due  coars  of  law, 
who  are  qualified  as  the  law  directs  to  vote  in  town  meetings,  to 
assemble  and  meet  at  the  new  dwelling-house  of  Stephen  Cum- 
mings  in  said  Waterford,  on  Thursday  the  twenty-seventh  day  of 
April  next,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  and  when  so  assembled 
to  proceed  and  choose  a  moderator  to  govern  said  meeting  and  all 
such  officers  as  towns  are  by  law  required  to  choose  in  the  month 
of  March  or  April  annually. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  at  Fryeburg  in  said  county  of 
York,  the  twenty-seventh  day  of  March,  in  the  3'ear  of  our  Lord 
one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-seven,  and  twenty-first 
year  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

Simon  Frye,  Justice  Peace. 

By  virtue  of  a  warrant  directed  to  me  by  the  Hon.  Simon  Frye, 
Esq.,  I  hereby  notify  and  warn  all  the  freeholders  and  other  in- 
habitants of  the  town  of  Waterford,  qualified  as  the  law  directs  to 
vote  in  town  meetings,  to  assemble  and  meet  at  the  new  dwelling- 
house  of  Doct.  Stephen  Cummings  in  said  Waterford,  Thursday  the 
twenty-seventh  day  of  the  present  month,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the 
forenoon,  and  when  so  assembled  to  proceed 

1st.  To  choose  a  moderator  to  govern  said  meeting. 

21y.  To  choose  all  such  officers  as  towns   are  by  law  required  to 

choose  in  the  month  of  March  or  April  annually. 

Waterford,  April  6,  1797. 

-c^^^  ,„.-r.  rr  .,,-.■  T-vT  S    Inhabitant 
Eleazar  Hamlin,  |  ^^  Waterford. 


78  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

"Waterford,  April  27, 1797. 
I  hereby  certify  that  I  have  notified  and  warned  the  inhabitants 
of  the  town  of  Waterford  to  meet  at  the  time  and  place  and  for 
the  purpose  within  mentioned,  in  compliance  with  a  warrant  to  me 
directed  by  the  Hon.  Simon  Fry e,  Esq. 

Eleazar  Hamlin. 


On  the  first  artical  choose  Africa  Hamlin,  moderator. 

21y.   Choose  Africa  Hamlin,  town  clerk. 

Sly.  Choose  Lt.  Molbory  Kingman ,  moderator. 

41y.  Choose  Africa  Hamlin,  first  selectman. 
Choose  Daniel  Chaplin,  second  selectman. 
Choose  Solomon  Stone,  third  selectman. 

51y.  Choose  Africa  Hamlin,  Daniel  Chaplin,  and  Solomon 
Stone,  assessors. 

61y. 

71y.   Choose  David  Whitcomb,  constable  and  collector. 

Sly.  Choose  David  Whitcomb,  Doct.  Stephen  Cummings,  John 
Athertou,  Edward  Baker,  Joel  Stone,  Daniel  Barker,  Isaac  Smith, 
Abijah  Warren,  and  Molbory  Kingman,  surveyors  of  the  highways. 

91y.  Choose  Eleazar  Hamlin,  John  Kurse,  Daniel  Barker,  tith- 
ingmen. 

lOly.  Choose  Daniel  Green,  deer  reaf. 

Illy.  Choose  Ebenezer  Jewett,  Samuel  Plummer,  Oliver  Hap- 
good,  Molbory  Kingman,  Elijah  Swan,  and  Israel  Hale,  hog  con- 
stables. 

121y.   Choose  Phineas  Sampson,  pound  keeper. 

131y.  Choose  Benjaman  Killgore,  Eliphalet  Watson,  Kathaniel 
Jewett,  and  Asa  Jonson,  field  drivers. 

141y.   Choose  Silas  Brown,  leather  sealer. 

151y.  Choose  Doct.  Stephen  Cummings,  sealer  of  waits  and 
measures. 

161y.   Choose  Colman  Watson,  surveyor  of  lumber. 

171y.  Choose  Josiah  Shaw  and  Benjaman  Sampson,  fence  viewers. 


FIRST   TOWN  MEETINGS.  79 

The  report  of  a  town  meeting  held  June  7,  1797, 
at  Dr.  Stephen  Cummings',  runs  as  follows : 

The  iahabitaats  being  meet,  proseded  to  business. 

21y  artical.  Voted  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  hiring 
preaching  in  said  town  the  present  seson. 

Sly  artical.  Voted  to  rais  one  hundred  dollars  for  schooling  and 
appropriated  by  the  selectmen. 

41y.   Voted  to  rais  five  hundred  dollars  to  make  and  mend  roads. 

51y.  Voted  six  shillings  a  da}'  shall  be  allovvd  for  a  man  till  the 
last  of  September  by  working  ten  hours,  after  that  fore  shillings. 
Voted  three  shillings  for  a  yoak  of  oxon. 

61y.  Voted  to  rais  one  hundred  dollars  to  defray  town  charges. 

71y.  Voted  the  selectmen  be  a  committee  to  procure  a  preacher 
in  the  best  method  in  their  power. 

8Iy.   Choose  Eli  Longley,  treasuror. 

Choose  Daniel  Barker,  highway  surveyor. 

91y.  Voted  that  the  warrants  for  town  meetings  shall  be  posted 
up  at  Mr.  Eli  Longley 's. 

Voted  to  reconsider  the  9th  article. 

lOly.  Voted  that  the  town  meeting  shall  be  warned  by  being 
posted  at  the  corn  mill  (Ezra  Jewell's)  and  Doct.  Stephen  Cum- 
mings',  and  that  each  adjournment  shall  be  posted  by  the  town 
clerk  at  each  place  above  mentioned. 

At  a  town  meeting  held  at  Eli  Longley's  Aug.  21, 
1797,  the  following  items  of  business  among  others 
were  transacted : 

21y.  Voted  that  town  of  Waterford  petition  the  General  Cort 
at  their  next  session  for  to  let  the  town  be  joined  to  the  county 
of  Cumberland. 

51y.  Voted  that  a  committee  of  five  should  be  chosen  to  district 
out  the  town  into  school  districts.    Voted  Eli  Longley,  America 


80  HISTOEICAL  ADDEESS. 

Hamlin,  Eber  Eice,  Eliphlet  Watson,  Samuel  Warren  be  a  com- 
mittee for  the  purpose. 

61y.  Voted  that  the  sum  of  eighty  dollars  be  granted  to  build 
each  scholhous. 

71y.  Voted  that  the  town  meetings  shall  be  held  at  Mr.  Eli 
Longley's  for  the  future. 

Sly.  Voted  to  except  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  mane. 
Voted  to  not  send  a  deligate.  Voted  to  wright  to  the  convention 
at  Hallowell. 

91y.  Voted  that  the  selectmen  be  a  committee  to  petition  the 
General  Cort  for  to  let  the  town  of  Waterford  to  the  county  of 
Cumberland. 

The  proceedings  of  the  first  town  meeting  are  sig- 
nificant; for  after  choosing  town  officers,  the  first 
vote  that  the  town  took  was  to  appropriate  out  of 
their  poverty  $100  for  preaching;  the  second  vote 
appropriated  $100  for  schooling;  then  the  town 
turned  its  attention  to  roads.  We  will,  if  you  please, 
preserve  this  order,  so  characteristic  of  the  God- 
fearing, intelligent,  and  business-like  fathers  of  our 
town. 

During  the  summers  1797  and  1798  the  town 
hired  Rev.  Lincoln  Ripley  of  Concord,  Mass.,  to 
preach  to  them,  paying  him  thirty  dollars  each  year 
for  his  services  besides  boarding  him  and  his  horse. 
His  trips  to  Waterford  were  probably  missionary 
tours,  undertaken  while  pursuing  theological  studies 
with  Dr.  Ezra  Ripley  of  Concord,  Mass.,  his  brother. 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AFFAIRS:  CONGREGATIONALISTS.     81 

July  1,  1798,  the  town  voted/  fifty- two  to  seven- 
teen, to  call  Mr.  Ripley.  Messrs.  John  Nurse,  Joel 
Stone,  Daniel  Barker,  Hezekiah  Hapgood,  and  Africa 
Hamlin  were  appointed  a  committee  to  present  the 
invitation.  The  salary  offered  was  this,  two  hun- 
dred pounds^  as  a  settlement.  This  included  the 
use  of  the  ministerial  lands,  valued  at  one  hundred 
and  fifty  pounds,  seventy  pounds  salary  for  the  first 
year,  and  five  pounds  additional  each  year  until  it 
should  amount  to  a  hundred  pounds, — this  to  con- 
tinue during  his  active  ministerial  life.  Should  he 
become  incapacitated  for  work  he  was  to  receive  a 
pension  of  fifty  pounds  a  year  during  his  natural  life. 
This  salary  was  payable  in  produce  at  its  market 
rates,  with  ten  per  cent  deducted  for  prompt  quar- 
terly payment.  For  ten  years  or  more  the  town 
sold  at  public  auction  at  town  meeting  the  supply- 
ing of  ten  cords  of  wood  to  Rev.  Mr.  Ripley ;  the 
average  price  was  $1.00  a  cord. 

Mr.  Ripley  accepted  the  call  and  returned  to 
Waterford,  preaching  most  of  the  time  until  his 
installation,    Oct.    1,  1799.     The  council  to   ordain 

1  Appropriations  for  support  of  minister,  supplying  him  with  wood, 
and  hiring  a  janitor  were  articles  in  the  warrant,  and  were  as  freely 
and  warmly  discussed  in  town  meetings  as  road,  school,  or  other  gen- 
eral appropriation. 

2  The  pound  was  equivalent  to  three  dollars  and  thirty-three  cents  in 
decimal  currency ;  the  shilling  to  sixteen  and  two-thirds  cents. 


82  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

and  install  him  met  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Stephen 
Cummings,  where  Rev.  John  A.  Douglass  now 
lives.  There  were  present  at  this  council  Rev.  Dr. 
Ezra  Ripley  of  Concord,  Mass.,  Rev.  Nathan  Church 
of  Bridgton,  Rev.  William  Fessenden  of  Fryeburg, 
Rev.  Mr.  Robie  of  Otisfield,  Rev.  John  Simkins  of 
Harwich,  Mass.,  Rev.  Samuel  Hidden  of  Tamworth, 
N.  H.,  Rev.  Mr.  Marrett  of  Standish,  Hon.  Simon 
Frye,  Esq.  of  Fryeburg,  and  Deacon  Peabody  of 
Bridgton. 

Naturally  the  clergymen  in  this  council  came 
from  a  distance,  for  at  this  time  there  was  but  one 
Congregational  minister  within  the  limits  of  Oxford 
county.  Rev.  William  Fessenden  of  Fryeburg ;  there 
were  two  Baptist  ministers  at  that  time  in  the  coun- 
ty, one  at  Fryeburg  the  other  at  Paris.  The  growth 
of  Congregationalism  in  Oxford  county  was  slow,  for 
in  1813  there  were  but  thirteen  Congregational 
churches  in  this  county,  although  there  were  four- 
teen Calvinist  Baptist  churches;  most  of  the  latter 
have  become  extinct. 

To  return  to  the  council.  Rev.  William  Fessen- 
den was  chosen  moderator.  Rev.  Mr.  Marrett,  scribe. 
The  pastor  elect  passed  a  satisfactory  examination. 
The  council  then  organized  the  church.  It  was  com- 
posed of  the  following  members : 


INSTALLATION  OF  MR.  RIPLEY.  83 

Edward  Baker,  Eber  Rice, 

David  Chaplin,  Joel  Stone, 

Daniel  Chaplin,  Solomon  Stone, 

Ephraim  Chamberlain,        Ezekiel  Sanders, 
Thomas  Green,  Samuel  Sanders, 

Stephen  Jewett,  Stephen  Sanderson, 

Nathan  Jewett,  Samuel  Warren, 

Eben  Jewett,  David  Whitcomb, 

Samuel  Plummer,  James  Wright. 

The  deacons  chosen  were  John  Nurse,  Stephen 
Jewett,  and  Ephraim  Chamberlain. 

It  is  noticeable  that  in  the  early  records  of  the 
old  Congregational  and  Baptist  churches  no  mention 
is  made  of  female  membership,  although  the  majori- 
ty of  the  church  then  as  now  were  women. 

The  order  of  exercises  at  the  ordination  and  in- 
stallation was  as  follows : 

Introductory  prayer  by  Rev.  Nathan  Church. 
Sermon  by  Rev.  Ezra  Ripley,  d.d. 
Ordaining  prayer.  Rev.  Samuel  Hidden. 
Charge  to  the  pastor.  Rev.  William  Fessenden. 
Right  hand  of  fellowship,  Rev.  Mr.  Robie. 
Concluding  prayer  by  the  pastor. 
The    exercises  took  place  upon  a  huge  boulder 
which  stands  between  the  house  now  occupied  by  Mr. 
Ripley  and  the  spot  where  the  church  was  soon  after 
built.     The  sacrament  of  the  Lord's  supper  was  ad- 
ministered for  the  first  time  to  this  church  October, 


84  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

1798.  Rev.  Lincoln  Ripley  preached  from  the  text, 
"  What  mean  ye  by  this  service  ?  "  Meetings  were 
held  in  Mr.  Ripley's  house  or  barn,  as  the  season 
allowed,  until  the  building  of  the  meeting-house, 
four  years  later. 

The  meeting-house  was  not  located  without  fur- 
ther struggle.  We  have  seen  that  its  location  de- 
layed the  incorporation  of  the  town  nearly  two 
years,  and  caused  the  setting  off  of  three  tiers  of 
lots  to  Norway. 

After  the  incorporation  of  the  town  the  north  and 
north-west  parts  insisted  upon  building  on  Daven- 
port hill,  where  Samuel  Plummer  now  resides ;  the 
south  and  south-west  parts  insisted  on  locating  it 
where  Mr.  Porter's  house  now  stands.  The  location 
on  Kingman  hill  was  a  compromise.  McWain  in 
particular  was  greatly  angered  by  this  location,  and 
made  an  oath  that  he  would  never  enter  the  house 
and  he  never  did,  neither  attending  church  or  town 
meeting  (the  town  meetings  for  thirty  years  were 
held  in  the  old  meeting-house)  during  the  rest  of  his 
life.  Mr.  Ripley  remonstrated  with  him  for  absent- 
ing himself  from  church.  "I  vum,"  said  the  old 
man,  "  Jeptha  kept  his  vow  and  I  will  mine."  The 
story  runs  that  the  two  factions  were  equally  di- 
vided until  Dea.  Nurse  made  the  majority.  He  was 
remonstrated  with  by  the  people  in  the  south  part 
of  the  town.     "  Blessed  are  the  peace  makers,"  said 


THE  TOWN  CHURCH. 


85 


the  good  deacon.  Forty  years  later  the  battle  was 
fought  over  again,  and  this  time  the  south  part  suc- 
ceeded. 

In  1800  the  town  decided  to  build  at  once. 
Waterford,  never  niggardly,  makes  under  date  of 
Aug.  23d  of  that  year  the  following  liberal  provision 
of  rum  and  sug-ar  for  the  crowd  that  was  to  do  the 
grading  of  the  land.  "  One  barrel  of  good  West  India 
rum  to  be  to  the  acceptance  of  the  committee  on 
grading,  struck  off  to  John  Chamberlain  at  $1.56  a 
gallon.  One  hundred  pounds  of  West  India  sugar  of 
the  best  kind,  struck  off  to  the  same  at  18^  cents  a 
pound."  The  allowance  certainly  was  liberal,  about 
a  quart  to  a  man.  Capt.  Ephraim  Hapgood  had 
charge  of  the  rum.  Tradition  has  preserved  another 
vote  passed  by  the  crowd  that  assembled  on  that 
September  morning.  "  Whoever  gets  drunk  to-day 
must  come  to-morrow  and  dig  a  stump,"  runs  the 
resolution.  Tradition  in  a  postscript  adds  that  four 
or  five  came  the  next  morning. 

In  1801  the  frame  was  erected  and  the  walls  were 
covered.  At  the  March  meeting  of  that  year  I  find 
the  following  vote  was  passed :  "  Voted  to  choose  a 
committee  of  three  to  seat  the  meeting-house.  Voted 
that  the  meeting-house  be  seated  by  age." 

The  care  of  the  meeting-house  was  bid  off  to  Jo- 
siah  Proctor  for  six  dollars.  The  town  specified  his 
duties  as  follows :    "  To  open  the  doors  on  all  public 


86  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

days  and  shut  them  after  the  people  had  withdrawn ; 
to  keep  the  steps  clear  of  snow ;  to  sweep  the  house 
seven  times  in  a  year — after  March  meeting,  April 
meeting,  in  the  months  of  May,  July,  September, 
November,  and  January  j  to  provide  water  when 
there  shall  be  any  children  to  be  christened."  Sure- 
ly this  laborer  was  worthy  of  his  hire. 

The  cost  of  the  meeting-house  was  about  $3,000 ; 
the  pews  sold  at  auction  for  a  little  more  than 
$2,000.  It  was  a  heavier  burden  than  the  war  debt 
incurred  by  Waterford  in  the  late  Rebellion,  for  the 
valuation  of  Waterford  in  1802  was  only  $30,130. 
The  cost  of  the  meeting-house  therefore  represented 
one-tenth  of  the  valuation  of  the  town.  The  same 
year  the  town  raised  $1,000  for  general  expenses, 
and  finished  its  payment  for  school-houses  just  built, 
about  $600.  The  men  who  made  a  pleasure  jaunt 
of  carrying  a  bushel  of  corn  ten  miles  to  mill,  who 
often  felled  an  acre  of  hard  wood  growth  in  a  day, 
laughed  at  burdens  like  these. 

For  those  days  the  old  church  was  a  handsome 
structure.  I  have  before  me  as  I  write  a  plan  of  it. 
It  stood  north  and  south,  and  consisted  of  main 
house  and  porch.  The  main  house  was  forty  by 
fifty,  the  posts  were  twenty  feet  high ;  the  porch 
was  sixteen  feet  square,  the  posts  being  a  little  lower 
than  in  the  main  house.  Around  it  ran  two  rows  of 
windows ;  the  upper  tier  in  the   main  house  contin- 


THE  TOWN  CHURCH.  87 

ued  around  the  porch.  There  were  three  entrances, 
all  at  the  porch,  one  at  the  front  and  one  on  either 
side. 

To  the  main  house  there  was  but  a  single  en- 
trance, and  this  at  the  center.  Square  pews  com- 
menced on  either  side  of  this  entrance,  and  continued 
around  the  walls  of  the  house  within  perhaps  ten 
feet  of  the  pulpit.  This  intervening  space  on  either 
side  was  filled  with  slips  like  the  pews  in  a  modern 
meeting-house.  The  slips  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
pulpit  were  called  the  men's  seats,  on  the  left  the 
women's  seats.  These  were  in  early  times  seats  of 
honor,  occupied  by  the  old  men  and  women ;  later 
they  fell  into  partial  disuse,  except  as  they  were  oc- 
cupied by  the  deacons  at  communion  service.  The 
body  of  the  house  was  divided  by  a  broad  aisle,  on 
either  side  of  which  were  two  rows  of  small  square 
pews,  irreverently  called  "  sheep-pens." 

The  pulpit  was  a  box  or  close  pulpit,  with  doors 
on  either  side.  The  top  of  it  was  in  the  general 
shape  of  the  letter  V,  though  the  stiffness  of  the 
legs  of  the  angle  was  relieved  by  curves  and  breaks. 
Its  top  was  covered  with  an  elegant  cushion,  pre- 
sented to  the  church  by  Rev.  Dr.  Channing's  society, 
of  Boston.  Fastened  in  a  socket  and  attached  to 
the  base  of  the  pulpit  was  a  baptismal  font,  the 
frame  of  iron  not  unlike  in  shape  the  skeleton  of  a 
bracket  lamp. 


88  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Around  three  sides  of  the  church  ran  a  gallery, 
reached  by  stairs  in  the  porch,  and  by  a  single  door 
directly  over  the  entrance  to  the  lower  floor.  Square 
wall  pews  ran  around  the  gallery  on  either  side.  In 
front  of  these  was  an  aisle.  Three  short  aisles  led 
from  this,  at  right  angles,  to  the  front  of  the  gallery, 
one  in  front  of  the  entrance  door  and  one  on  either 
side.  The  spaces  between  these  short  aisles  were 
filled  with  a  double  row  of  benches.  The  slips  on 
the  right  side  were  called  the  men's  seats,  those  on 
the  left  the  women's  seats.  They  were  free,  and 
were  generally  occupied  by  irregular  attendants  on 
church  services  and  the  old  people,  save  those  di- 
rectly opposite  the  pulpit  around  to  each  side  aisle, 
which  were  occupied  by  the  full  choir,  headed  by 
the  responsible  chorister  with  his  wooden  pitch-pipe. 

The  pews  throughout  the  church  were  five  feet  by 
six  and  were  entered  by  a  door,  the  whole  sur- 
mounted by  a  balustrade  perhaps  six  inches  high. 
"  These  tempted  little  eyes  to  look  through  in  search 
of  other  eyes,  and  little  fingers  to  play  with  their 
pillars,  to  the  great  annoyance  of  staid  mothers."  A 
seat  ran  across  the  back  of  this  pew.  At  the  end  of 
it,  next  the  door,  invariably  sat  the  head  of  the  fam- 
ily ;  a  custom  borrowed  perhaps  from  the  days  of 
Indian  surprises,  when  the  men  must  be  ready  at  an 
instant's  warning  to  hurry  with  their  guns  to  the  de- 
fense of  their  families.     Diagonally  across  the  pew 


THE  TOWN  CHURCH.  89 

sat  the  wife,  where  the  choir  and  the  minister  alike 
were  in  full  view.  A  short  seat,  long  enough  for 
two  children,  was  fastened  to  the  front  of  the  pew. 
All  these  seats  were  hinged  to  cleats  fastened  to  the 
sides  of  the  pew.  During  prayer  they  were  raised ; 
at  the  close  of  the  exercise  they  dropped  with  a  rat- 
tling not  unlike  the  fire  of  an  awkward  militia  squad 
at  muster. 

The  house  was  finished  and  ceiled  with  "  clear 
stuff,"  and  handsomely  painted  except  the  pews ; 
the  outside  of  the  house  was  painted  yellow.  For 
twenty  years  foot-stoves,  soapstones,  and  hot  bricks 
were  the  only  means  of  supplying  artificial  heat  to 
the  worshipers,  although  many  a  service  was  held 
when  the  thermometer  marked  twenty  and  thirty 
degrees  below  zero  at  the  door.  When  degener- 
ate children  suggested  stoves  the  fathers  stout- 
ly opposed;  but  yielding  to  the  inevitable,  they 
placed  the  hated  thing  in  the  main  passage  and  kept 
it  fiercely  hot.  It  filled  the  aisle  with  its  glowing 
presence.  Those  who  sat  in  the  pews  near  often 
crowded  away  from  the  red-hot  fury.  The  pew 
doors  of  sapless  pumpkin  pine  tried  in  vain  to  sweat 
a  protesting  drop  of  pitch ;  they  only  grew  black  in 
the  face — they  were  slowly  carbonized.  To  crown 
all,  the  stove  committee  instead  of  carrying  the  fun- 
nel straight  to  the  ceiling,  thence  through  the  roof 
by  a  short  chimney,  carried  it  out  through  the  lower 
7 


90  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

side  windows  in  the  rear  of  the  house.  Some  of  you 
remember  the  result.  Our  prevailing  wind  in  the 
winter  is  north-west.  These  black  eyes  looked  into 
this  wind.  Every  adverse  gust  drove  the  smoke 
back  into  the  house;  pyroligneous  acid  dropped 
from  every  joint  of  the  horizontal  funnel,  staining 
the  clean  pine^  pews.  The  blinding  smoke  often 
made  all  eyes  weep  within,  while  the  black  orbs 
sticking  from  either  window  wept  grimy  tears  on 
the  clean,  white  snow  without.  The  sorrowing  at- 
tendants often  longed  for  the  clean  cold  of  other 
days. 

For  twenty-five  years  the  church  expenses  were 
met  by  general  taxation.  The  ministerial  tax  list 
was  made  out  by  the  town  assessors  and  handed  to 
the  town  constable  for  collection.  The  form  in 
which  it  was  made  out  and  the  manner  in  which  it 
was  collected  were  in  all  respects  the  same  as  in  the 
case  of  the  town  tax  for  general  purposes.  There 
lies  before  me  as  I  write  the  ministerial  tax  of  1802. 
The  poll  tax  was  seventy-five  cents.  Real  and  per- 
sonal estate  were  taxed  six  mills  on  a  dollar.  The 
amount  raised  was  $270.06,5.  I  extract  from  the 
list  the  names  of  the  ten  persons  who  paid  the  high- 
est taxes  and  the  amount  assessed  against  them. 

David  McWain,  poll  .75,  R.  E.  ^5.98,2,  P.  E.  $1.66,2,  total  .^8.39,4. 
Oliver  Hale,  poll  .75,  R.  E.  $3.36,  P.  E.  .84,  total  $4.95. 
Hannibal  Hamlin,  polls  $2.25,  R.  E.  $1.35,  P.  E.  .69,  total  $4.29. 


SUPPORT  OF  PREACHING.  91 

Jona.  Eobbins,  polls  $1.50,  R.  E.  S1.71,  P.  E.  $1.06,8,  total  $4.27,8. 
Samuel  Plummer,  poll  .75,  R.  E.  $2.14,8,  P.  E.  .68,2,  total  $3.58. 
Lt.  Thos.  Green,  polls  $1.50,  R.  E.  $1.42,8,  P.  E.  .78,  total  $3.70,8. 
Josiah  Dudley,  poll  .75,  R.  E.  $2.62,2,  P.  E.  $1.05,  total  $4.42,2. 
Capl.  Stephen  Jewett,poll.75,  R.  E.  $2.41,8,  P.  E.  .76,2,  total  $3.93. 
Samuel  Warren,  polls  $1.50,  R.  E.  $1.22,4,  P.  E.  .68,4,  total  $3.40,8. 

The  remainder  of  the  taxes  vary  in  amount  from 
seventy-five  cents  to  three  dollars  and  a  quarter. 
The  number  of  taxes  assessed  was  one  hundred  and 
nine. 

The  assessors  in  their  warning  to  Mr.  Brigham, 
the  town  constable,  say :  "  If  any  person  shall  re- 
fuse or  neglect  to  pay  the  sum  that  he  is  assessed  in 
said  list,  you  are  to  distrain  the  goods  and  chattels 
of  such  persons  to  the  value  thereof,  and  the  distress 
so  taken  keep  for  the  space  of  four  days  at  the  cost 
of  the  owner ;  and  if  he  shall  not  pay  the  sum  so 
assessed  to  him  within  four  days,  then  you  are  to 
sell  at  public  vendue  the  distress  so  taken  for  pay- 
ment thereof  with  charges,  first  giving  forty-eight 
hours'  notice  of  such  sale  by  putting  up  advertise- 
ments thereof  in  some  public  place  in  the  town,  and 
the  overplus  arising  from  such  sale,  if  any  there  be, 
besides  the  sum  assessed  and  the  necessary  charges 
of  taking  and  keeping  the  distress,  you  are  immedi- 
ately to  restore  to  the  owner.  And  for  want  of 
goods  and  chattels  whereon  to  make  distress, — be- 
sides tools  necessary  for  his  trade  or  occupation, 
beasts  and  plow  necessary  for  the  cultivation  of  his 


92  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

improved  lands,  any  utensils  of  household  keeping 
for  the  purpose  of  upholding  life,  bedding  and  ap- 
parel necessary  for  himself  and  family  for  the  space 
of  twelve  days, — you  are  to  take  the  body  of  such 
person  so  refusing  or  neglecting,  and  him  commit 
into  the  common  jail  of  said  county,  there  to  remain 
until  he  pay  the  same,  or  such  part  thereof  as  shall 
not  be  abated  by  the  assessors  for  the  time  being,  or 
by  the  Court  of  the  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace 
for  the  said  county."  This  was  law  in  1802,  and 
though  some  were  restive  under  it,  no  one  at  that 
time  thought  of  attempting  its  evasion.  Another 
law  was  frequently  evaded.  It  required  every  man, 
under  penalty  of  a  fine,  to  attend  church  once  in 
three  months. 

From  this  statement  we  see  that  the  parish  and 
town  were  the  same.  All  owned  or  were  assigned 
pews  in  the  meeting-house,  all  paid  some  tax  to  sup- 
port preaching.  So  long  as  the  people  were  united, 
the  arrangement  was  as  perfect  as  any  that  could  be 
devised.  The  tax  that  each  paid  was  but  a  trifle ;  it 
was  the  people's  church  and  all  had  rights  in  it. 
Then  church  attendance  was  very  general.  Every 
respectable  family  was  represented  at  divine  service. 
The  minister,  was  he  faithful,  reached  every  home 
by  his  Sunday  services  or  by  pastoral  visitation. 

Although  in  all  outward  respects  the  church  was 
prosperous  there  were  signs  of  trouble  within.    Bap- 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AFFAIRS:  BAPTISTS.  93 

tist  and  Methodist  missionaries — always  with  zeal 
sometimes  without  discretion — throughout  the  new 
part  of  Maine  were  taking  advantage  of  the  disor- 
ganization of  church  relations,  incident  to  a  new 
country,  to  build  up  societies.  The  great  bulk  of 
church  members  who  had  moved  from  Massachusetts 
to  Maine  were  connected  with  the  Congregational 
church,  then  the  State  church  in  all  New  England. 

Mr.  Ripley  most  earnestly  opposed  these  mission- 
aries, and  perhaps  unwisely.  Naturally  a  timid 
man,  in  the  confusion  which  this  strife  of  sect  cre- 
ated, he  thought  he  foresaw  the  fall  of  the  church 
and  the  reign  of  Anti-Christ.  We  who  look  back 
upon  the  strife  since  the  smoke  has  cleared  away, 
must  allow  that  his  fears  were  not  wholly  ground- 
less, for  the  Christians  in  our  State  are  to-day  sadly 
divided  by  sectarian  lines. 

As  early  as  1803  I  find  mention  made  of  the  Bap- 
tists in  Waterford.  Mr.  Ripley,  in  his  historical 
sketch  published  in  1803,  says :  "  There  are  some 
Baptists  in  town,  and  the  serious  among  them,  so  far 
from  trying  to  cause  divisions  among  their  fellow 
Christians,  seem  disposed  to  attend  constantly  on 
the  public  institutions  of  religion  with  the  Congre- 
gationalists."  Subsequently  Mr.  Ripley  modified 
this  kindly  opinion.  Rev.  Arthur  Drinkwater  and 
Rev.  Reuben  Ball,  the  former  settled  at  Bethel  the 


94  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

latter  at  Bridgton  Center,  were  active  in  organizing 
a  church.  Mr.  Ball  was  a  popular  man,  and  by  his 
instrumentality  a  society  with  twenty-five  male 
members  was  formed  in  1814.  It  was  organized  in 
the  old  meeting-house.  The  members  lived  in  the 
Plummer  neighborhood  or  contiguous  to  it.  During 
the  winter  meetings  were  held  in  the  Plummer  district 
school-house  and  at  Mr.  John  Kimball's  (south  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Plummer's).  In  summer  at  Mr.  Eben 
Cross'  (Mr.  Samuel  Plummer's).  Elder  Josiah  Hough- 
ton and  Mighill  Jewett  preached  for  them  a  portion 
of  the  time  for  several  years.  They  preached  in  the 
summer  and  kept  school  in  the  winter.  The  mem- 
bers were  for  the  most  part  elderly  people.  "Master 
Chaplin,"  the  learned  blacksmith,  was  their  deacon. 

The  church  enjoyed  its  greatest  prosperity  about 
1814.  That  summer  quite  a  number  of  converts 
were  baptized  in  the  pond  before  us.  I  find  no 
mention  of  the  church  as  an  organization  after  1818. 
The  members  that  signed  off  from  the  Congrega- 
tional to  the  Baptist  church  were  John  Kimball, 
Samuel  Sanders,  Samuel  Haskell,  Josiah  Plummer, 
Stephen  Mof&ts,  Benjamin  Sawin,  Eben  Cross,  Eben 
Cross,  jr.,  Samuel  Plummer,  Nathan  Jewett,  David 
Chaplin,  Ezekiel  Sanders,  Daniel  Billings,  Josiah 
Houghton,  Samuel  Haskell,  jr.,  Amos  Smith,  jr.,  Sam- 
uel Page,  Jonathan  Houghton,  Amos  Smith,  and  Or- 
lando   Coolidge.      Doubtless   this   church    owed  its 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AFFAIRS:  BAPTISTS.  95 

origin  to  Mr.  John  Kimball,  who  moved  from  Port- 
land to  Waterford  in  1807,  and  was  perhaps  the 
most  influential  member.  Baptist  missionaries  came 
to  Waterford  at  his  invitation.  This  church  gained 
some  strength  from  the  more  rigid  of  Mr.  Ripley's 
flock,  who  thought  their  pastor  a  little  lax  in  doc- 
trine. In  this  connection  I  will  give  a  brief  sketch 
of  Baptist  ministers  who  were  raised  up  in  our 
Waterford  church. 

JOSIAH   HOUGHTON. 

He  was  son  of  Major  Jonathan  Houghton.  He 
first  learned  the  cabinet  maker's  trade,  which  he  left, 
and  after  a  brief  period  of  study  entered  the  minis- 
try and  was  settled  in  Turner  and  Winthrop,  Me., 
also  in  Newburyport,  Mass.  He  was  afterward  made 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society 
for  Maine.  He  was  a  man  of  talents,  of  fine  address, 
and  was  highly  useful  in  the  ministry. 

MIGHILL   JEWETT. 

He  was  son  of  Nathan,  and  grandson  of  Dea. 
Stephen  Jewett.  He  preached  for  several  years  in 
the  Baptist,  afterward  in  the  Universalist  denomina- 
tion. He  had  good  talents  and  gifts,  but  broke 
down  mentally  and  passed  away.  He  was  never  set- 
tled but  preached  as  an  itinerant. 


96  HISTOEICAL  ADDEESS. 

LYMAN   JEWETT,   D.D. 

He  was  son  of  Nathan  and  brother  of  Mighill. 
Graduated  at  Brown  University  and  at  Newton  The- 
ological Seminary.  He  became  a  missionary  to  In- 
dia. He  is  eminent  as  a  Hebrew  scholar,  and  has 
translated  a  part  of  the  scriptures  into  the  Telligu 
language.  He  stands  high  in  the  foreign  field  and 
in  the  denomination  at  home. 

SAMUEL   HASKELL,   D.D. 

After  spending  his  minority  principally  in  Water- 
ford,  he  left  town  and  studied  for  the  Baptist  minis- 
try. He  stands  high  in  the  denomination,  but  we 
have  few  facts  of  his  life  and  ministry. 

The  Methodist  church  in  Waterford  properly  dates 
back  to  1802.  Methodist  missionaries  came  to 
Waterford  that  year  and  made  a  few  converts.  In 
1806  Waterford  was  a  part  of  the  Poland  circuit. 
In  1810  the  first  Methodist  class  was  formed ;  Jo- 
siah  Shaw  was  its  leader.  This  class  consisted  of 
the  following  persons :  Josiah  Shaw,  Peter  Gerry, 
Mary  Gerry,  Israel  Hale,  and  Oliver  Haskell. 

For  a  number  of  years  they  met  at  Mr.  Shaw's 
house  in  the  winter,  in  his  barn  in  the  summer. 
Their  numbers  increased  so  that  the  accommodations 
were  inadequate,  and  a  small  church  was  erected  in 
1818    at   what   is   known   as   Mutiny   Corner,    one 


ECCLESIASTICAL  AFFAIES:  METHODISTS.  97 

mile  west  of  Waterford  City.  But  the  growth  of 
the  City  village  made  a  change  in  location  desirable, 
so  the  old  church  was  abandoned  and  a  church  was 
built  on  the  present  site  in  1836.  It  was  modeled 
after  the  Universalist  church  in  Norway.  John  San- 
derson was  the  contractor.  The  price  agreed  upon 
was  $1,425.  He  took  his  pay  in  pews.  Oliver  Hale, 
jr.,  presented  the  church  with  a  bell.  The  name 
"  Wesleyan  chapel "  was  given  to  this  church.  In 
1844  it  was  burned;  in  1845  rebuilt.  During  this 
time  the  society  met  in  Capt.  Abel  Houghton's  hall. 
Oliver  Hale,  jr.,  presented  the  new  church  with  a  bell. 
In  1850  the  society  built  a  parsonage  which  they 
still  own. 

Naturally  there  was  strong  opposition  to  this 
Methodist  church.  Good  men  doubted  the  expedi- 
ency of  its  establishment ;  by  none  however  was  it 
so  strongly  opposed  as  by  the  irreligious  part  of  the 
community.  Their  traditions  were  all  Congregation- 
al. It  was  the  standing  order ;  so  with  the  blind 
instincts  of  a  false  conservatism  they  rudely  and 
bitterly  opposed  the  early  Methodist  preachers.  Of 
course  these  missionaries  and  their  friends  asked 
permission  to  use  the  old  meeting-house — the  town's 
meeting-house.  The  story  runs  that  the  Sabbath 
following  one  of  these  missionary  meetings  Mr.  Rip- 
ley preached  to  his  people — many  of  whom  had 
heard   the    new   comer — from   the   following  text: 


98  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

"  What  went  ye  out  into  the  wilderness  for  to   see, 
a  reed  shaken  by  the  wind  ? " 

Forty  years  ago  the  church  wielded  a  wide  influ- 
ence. Its  strength  was  especially  in  the  south  and 
west  parts  of  the  town.  Many  earnest  and  success- 
ful preachers  were  raised  up  in  this  church ;  the  fol- 
lowing is  I  think  a  complete  list. 

JOSIAH  SHAW. 

He  was  born  in  Standish,  Me.,  Oct.  3,  1773 ;  came 
to  Waterford  about  the  year  1796.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  that  formed  the  Constitution 
of  Maine  in  1819,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first 
legislature  of  the  new  State  in  1820.  He  was  or- 
dained by  the  Methodist  conference  in  1818,  and 
had  large  influence  in  this  church  and  in  the  town. 
His  early  advantages  were  few,  but  native  intellect, 
a  retentive  memory,  a  fine  personal  presence  with 
a  magnetic  voice  gave  him  position  and  power  in 
the  church  and  town.  He  was  a  local  preacher,  did 
not  travel ;  was  always  acceptable  and  highly  re- 
spected. 

JOHN    SHAW. 

He  was  son  of  Josiah  Shaw,  and  entered  the 
Methodist  ministry  in  1821.  He  was  employed  on 
several  circuits  in  the  State  and  was  an  earnest  and 
acceptable  preacher.  He  was  born  Feb.  12,  1800,  in 
Waterford,  and  died  in  Limington,  Me.,  Aug.  20, 1825. 


METHODIST  MINISTERS  RAISED  IN  WATERFORD.      99 

STEPHEN    SANDERSON. 

He  was  son  of  Stephen  Sanderson ;  settled  as  a 
farmer  in  Sweden.  He  entered  the  Methodist  min- 
istry as  a  local  preacher,  afterward  the  Congrega- 
tional ministry.  He  preached  with  acceptance,  and 
without  salary  for  some  forty  years  in  Sweden,  Lov- 
ell,  Stoneham,  and  elsewhere.  He  labored  hard 
through  the  week,  studied  his  sermons  while  at 
work  and  was  remarkable  for  power  to  quote  scrip- 
ture. He  was  a  good  man  and  citizen,  and  exerted 
an  excellent  influence  in  his  day. 

AARON    SANDERSON. 

He  was  also  son  of  Stephen,  and  has  honored  the 
Christian  ministry  for  nearly  half  a  century  both  as 
preacher  and  presiding  elder  over  various  districts 
in  Maine.  His  praise  is  in  the  churches.  He  has  a 
son  who  now  stands  high  as  a  preacher  in  the  de- 
nomination. 

MOSES    SANDERSON. 

He  is  brother  to  the  above ;  entered  the  Metho- 
dist ministry  about  the  same  period,  but  was  con- 
strained, I  think  from  poor  health,  to  leave  it  for 
other  pursuits. 

NATHANIEL   PRIDE. 

He  was  a  thrifty  farmer  in  town,  but  felt  himself 
called  to  the  Christian  ministry,  which  he  pursued  in 


100  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

the  Methodist  connection,  as  an  itinerant  preacher, 
till  his  death.  He  was  a  modest  man,  of  good  mind, 
and  left  behind  an  excellent  character  and  record. 

WILLIAM   BROWN. 

He  was  son  of  William  Brown.  He  early  left 
farming  for  study,  and  afterward  entered  the  Meth- 
odist ministry.  He  left  his  calling  for  a  while  for 
other  pursuits ;  finally  became  chaplain  in  the  Fed- 
eral army ;  has  since  died. 

JONATHAN    FAIRBANKS. 

He  was  bred  a  farmer,  but  felt  moved  to  enter  the 
Methodist  ministry  without  much  preparatory  study ; 
but  he  had  good  sense,  good  principles,  and  loved 
his  work.  He  was  licensed  by  the  Methodist  order, 
and  traveled  much  on  different  circuits  in  the  State, 
and  was  accounted  everywhere  a  useful  and  faithful 
laborer. 

The  school-houses  which  the  town  voted  to  build 
in  1797  were  not  completed  until  1800.  They  were 
located  as  follows :  One  about  forty  rods  from  Dan- 
iel Warren's,  toward  North  Waterford,  on  the  upper 
side  of  the  road ;  the  second  was  at  the  City,  oppo- 
site Mr.  Stanwood's;  the  third  was  near  Capt. 
Thomas  Swan's;  the  fourth  was  opposite  and  just 
below  Joel  S.  Plummer's ;  the  fifth  was  near  the 
head    of    McWains    pond ;     the  sixth    stood    near 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOL-MASTERS.  101 

Jabez  Brown's.  The  reason  assigned  for  not  lo- 
cating one  of  them  at  the  Flat  was  that  the  people 
there  were  already  blessed  with  a  dangerous  number 
of  privileges, — a  tavern,  post-office,  and  a  church 
within  reasonable  distance. 

Eber  Rice,  Esq.,  and  David  Chaplin  were  the  first 
school-masters  in  Waterford.    Miss  Eunice  Stone  and 

Miss Baker  were  the  first  school-mistresses,  so 

far  as  appears  from  the  town  records.  The  following 
is  a  statement  of  the  manner  in  which  the  $100  ap- 
propriated in  1797  was  expended. 

David  Chaplin,  order  for  teaching  a  school,  |39.00,0 

Eber  Rice,  order  for  teaching  a  school,  11.25,0 

Samuel  Sanders,  order  for  boarding  a  school-master,  7.50,0 

Widow  Betsey  Sanders,  order  for  boarding  a  school-master,  5.12,5 

"Widow  Sally  Jewell,  order  for  boarding  a  school-master,  6.75,0 

Eunice  Stone,  order  for  teaching  a  school,  13.33,0 

Edward  Baker,  order  for  his  daughter's  teaching  a  school,  5.42,0 

There  lies  before  me  as  I  write  the  arithmetic 
used  by  Squire  Rice  m  his  schools.  It  is  entirely  in 
manuscript,  neatly  and  even  elegantly  written,  con- 
taining about  as  much  matter  as  a  copy  of  "  Green- 
leaf's  Common  School." 

Here  let  me  say  a  word  of  these  old  masters. 
Squire  Rice  was  the  legal  adviser  of  the  little  colony 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  town  clerk — except 
the  first  year — for  the  first  twenty  years  of  the  town's 
incorporated  history.     The  records  that  he  left  are 


102  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

neat,  legible,  and  clear.  He  set  an  example  which 
subsequent  clerks  have  faithfully  followed. 

May  I  venture  to  offer  a  suggestion.  Keep  a 
good  town  clerk  in  office  till  he  dies,  no  matter  what 
his  politics.  The  accuracy  and  fullness  of  your  rec- 
ords will  depend  upon  this.  You  have  excellent 
town  records  because  in  the  past  you  made  but  in- 
frequent changes. 

Squire  Rice  was  the  first  representative  of  Water- 
ford  in  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  select- 
man, and  the  first  justice  of  the  peace.^  An  honest. 
Christian  man,  he  wielded  great  influence  in  town. 

David  Chaplin,  known  throughout  Waterford  as 
"  Master  Chaplin,"  was  a  genius.  He  read  his  Greek 
Testament  with  ease,  propounded  and  solved  theo- 
logical riddles,  made  on  his  anvil  (he  was  a  black- 
smith by  trade)  a  hundred  curious  things,  but  could 
not  shoe  a  horse  without  "  pricking  "  him.  So  care- 
less was  he  in  dress  that  he  was  often  half  undressed. 
So  introspective  was  he  that  he  made  his  own  world. 
He  had  nearly  every  talent  but  faculty.  He  was  a 
giant  in  stature,  as  were  all  the  original  Chaplins. 

But  to  return  to  the  schools.  As  illustrating  the 
range  of  study  in  our  schools  in  those  days,  I  will 


1  Stephen  Jewett  was  appointed  in  1799  first  justice  of  peace.  He 
declined  the  ofiice  and  recommended  Eber  Rice.  The  first  deputy 
sheriff  resident  in  Waterford  was  Major  Hannibal  Hamlin,  who  was 
afterward  high  sherifE  of  Oxford  county. 


SCHOOLS  AND  SCHOOL-MASTERS.  103 

give  a  recommendation  made  by  the  school  commit- 
tee to  the  town,  and  adopted  March,  1802. 

The  committee  recommend  that  each  school- master  open  and 
close  his  school  with  due  solemnity;  that  the  town  during  pleasure 
adopt  Mr.  Prentiss'  new  spelling  book  in  the  several  schools  in 
said  town,  and  that  the  American  Preceptor  be  considered  the 
classical  book  for  reading  in  said  schools;  other  books  to  be  occa- 
sionally used  as  opportunity  may  offer.  It  is  further  recommended 
that  each  scholar  whose  progress  in  reading  may  require  shall  be 
furnished  with  a  "Preceptor"  above  mentioned,  and  that  each 
lower  scholar  shall  be  furnished  with  a  spelling  book,  and  that  all 
who  write  in  said  school  shall  be  furnished  with  necessary  imple- 
ments. 

The  sensible  practice  of  providing  all  scholars 
with  school  books  at  town  expense  is  seen  to  be  as 
old  as  our  schools. 

The  six  districts  had  expanded  by  1830  to  twelve; 
the  school-houses  then  erected  have  been  in  turn  re- 
placed. To-day  we  have  almost  without  exception 
new  school-houses  throughout  the  town. 

On  the  whole,  improvement  has  been  made  in  ed- 
ucation. The  range  of  study  is  wider;  of  necessity 
the  education  is  broader,  if  instruction  is  properly 
given.  Arithmetic  is  no  longer  the  outmost  bound 
or  range  of  school  study.  In  one  respect  we  have 
doubtless  fallen  behind.  There  are  fewer  masters 
than  formerly.  No  substitute  has  ever  been  or  ever 
can  be  found  for  those  bright,  ambitious  young  men, 
who,  if  their  knowledge  was  crude,  had  iron  wills ; 
who  knew  that  lazy  boys  were  the  rule  and  not  the 


104  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

exception ;  who,  if  they  could  not  arouse  enthusi- 
asm, could  inspire  wholesome  fear  of  shirking.  In 
those  early  days  a  decent  self-respect  made  nearly 
every  ambitious  boy  a  school-master.  After  he  had 
taught  one  or  two  successful  schools  he  could  retire 
to  some  other  occupation  without  disparagement.^ 

After  building  the  church  and  school-houses,  our 
fathers  applied  themselves  to  the  work  of  road 
building;  and  surely  no  one  can  have  traveled 
through  the  town  of  Waterford  without  being  im- 
pressed that  they  were  fond  of  two  forms  of  labor, — 
laying  stone  wall  and  building  roads.  Ages  hence 
the  use  of  the  unnumbered  miles  of  piled  stones  in 
Waterford  will  be  a  puzzle  to  the  scientist.  For  the 
multiplication  of  roads  in  our  town  there  is  some 
excuse.  Nature  threw  in  the  hills  so  promiscuously 
and  so  inconveniently  that  a  great  milage  of  roads 
is  necessary. 

About  1805  the  main  town  road  ran  from  North 
Bridgton,  west  of  Bear  pond,  through  Waterford 
City  and  Flat,  the  Plummer  neighborhood,  back  of 
Joshua  Sander's,  by  Peter  E.  Mosher's  and  Samuel 
H.    Warren's,   to   the   foot  of  Bald  Pate,  where  it 

iln  1825  there  were  394  scholars  in  the  town.  The  amount  of  money 
raised  by  taxation  was  $344.  The  interest  ou  the  school  fund  was  §70. 
One-third  the  teachers  that  year  were  males.  The  population  of  the 
town  was  1,035. 


GROWTH  OF  TOWN  ROADS.  105 

joined  the  Scoggin  trail.  There  were  two  branches  of 
this  road  on  the  west ;  one  through  West  Waterford 
over  Sanderson  hill,  the  other  from  S.  H.  Warren's 
to  Lovell,  known  as  the  Sabattus  road.  There  were 
three  branches  on  the  east ;  one  at  Waterford  City, 
over  Athertons  hill,  by  Sumner  Stone's  and  Mc Wains 
pond,  to  Harrison ;  the  other  two  at  Waterford  Flat, 
the  one  known  now  as  the  old  Norway,  the  other  as 
the  old  Albany  road.  Short  roads  branched  from 
these  to  different  houses.  These  were  all  the  roads 
in  Waterford. 

About  this  time  a  road  was  opened  to  Sweden, 
leaving  the  old  road  at  Meeting-house  Corner.  Near 
this  date  a  road  was  opened  from  the  Jewett  guide- 
board  (about  a  third  of  a  mile  east  of  Peter  E. 
Mosher's)  through  to  Albany  and  Bethel,  by  way  of 
Hunts  hill.  This  was  called  the  Sawin  road.  Pre- 
vious to  this  there  had  been  only  a  foot-path  from 
Dea.  Jewett's  across  to  Gen.  Sawin's.  After  this  road 
building  our  fathers  rested  until  about  1820,  when 
the  road  by  Samuel  Warren's  was  pushed  through 
to  Harrison  Flat. 

About  1835  it  was  seen  to  be  necessary,  on  ac- 
count of  the  great  increase  in  teaming  and  general 
travel,  to  avoid  the  hills  as  much  as  possible.  This 
led  to  the  building,  at  great  expense,  of  the  road 
under  Bear  mountain^  which  shortened  the  distance 
to  Portland  by  three  miles.  This  was  built  by  Capt. 
8 


106  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Thomas  Swan,  who  has  built  many  of  om-  modern 
roads. 

Within  the  next  ten  years  the  new  road  to  Nor- 
way, and  the  valley  road  from  Waterford  Flat  to 
Bethel  (through  North  Waterford  and  Albany),  were 
built.  The  Bisbee-town  road  was  extended  to  Nor- 
way in  1832;  the  lower  road  to  Lovell  was  con- 
structed in  1858.  The  building  of  the  road  to  Nor- 
way brought  back  the  upper  Androscoggin  and  Coos 
county  travel,  which  had  been  diverted  by  opening 
a  road  through  Greenwood.  The  length  of  roads 
in  town  to-day  cannot  be  less  than  one  hundred 
and  fifteen  miles. 

Eli  Longley  built  the  first  hotel  and  store  and  was 
the  first  postmaster  in  Waterford.  Mr.  Longley 
built  a  log  house  about  half-way  between  the  Con- 
gregational church  and  Mr.  Douglass',  on  the  east 
side  of  the  road.  His  lot  included  the  whole  of  the 
Flat  village. 

The  road  by  his  house  was  a  thoroughfare  to  Ox- 
ford (Albany)  and  the  plantations  on  the  Androscog- 
gin, by  way  of  the  Scoggin  trail.  Such  drafts  upon  his 
hospitality  were  made  that  he  decided  to  move  down 
the  hill,  and  open  a  public  house  where  the  Water- 
cure  establishment  now  stands.  He  built  a  one- 
story  house,  afterward  the  ell  to  a  two-story  house, 
which   was   until  about    1820    the  only  tavern  in 


SKETCH  OF  ELI  LONGLEY.  107 

Waterford.     In  front  of  it  swung  his  sign,  which  the 
oldest  of  you  can  remember : 

Eli  Longley's 

Inn, 

1797. 

A  man  of  broad  views,  he  planned  for  the  village 
which  he  foresaw  would  spring  up.  He  laid  out  this 
great  common  even  larger  than  it  is  now,  for  in  his 
plan  the  road  from  the  Plummer  neighborhood  was 
to  describe  the  same  curve  west  as  east. 

He  built  the  store  now  occupied  by  Oliver  Porter 
in  1802.  This  he  sold  two  years  later  to  Calvin 
Farrar,  together  with  the  land  south  of  the  road 
from  the  brook  on  the  one  side  to  the  Pond  bridge 
on  the  other.  He  opened,  in  1801,  the  first  postr 
office  north  of  North  Bridgton  in  this  (the  central) 
part  of  Oxford  county. 

Mr.  Longley  built  the  first  "potash"^  erected  on 
Waterford  Flat.  On  the  common  in  front  of  his  tav- 
ern the  trainings  were  held  for  forty  years.  In  his 
log  house  on  the  side  of  the  hill  missionaries 
preached  to  the  assembled  people.  At  his  inn  on 
the  Flat  were  held  the  first  town  meetings.    His  tav- 


1  There  were  two  "  potash  "  at  the  Flat.  The  first  was  located  just 
west  of  A.  S.  Kimball's  house.  It  was  built  by  Eli  Longley  about  1800. 
The  second  was  below  Mrs.  John  Wilkins'.  Squire  Farrar  built  it  and 
Levi  Brown  afterward  owned  it.  As  the  clearing  of  land  ceased,  the 
supply  of  ashes  was  diminished,  and  these  factories  were  abandoned. 


108  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

ern  was  the  social  headquarters  of  the  town.  Mr. 
Longley  spent  his  means  freely  in  building  up 
Waterford. 

In  1817  he  was  attacked  with  the  "  Ohio  fever." 
He  sold  his  tavern  to  Capt.  Peter  Warren  of  Port- 
land, and  started  for  the  West.  The  story  runs  that 
he  found  a  farm  in  Pennsylvania  that  suited  him. 
One  evening  he  negotiated  for  its  purchase.  That 
night  it  was  so  cold  that  the  corn  froze.  The  cold 
season  that  had  disgusted  him  with  Maine  had  fol- 
lowed him.  He  found  that  there  were  drawbacks  in 
Pennsylvania  as  well  as  in  New  England.  He  arose 
at  daybreak,  saddled  his  horse  and  left  the  country. 
He  returned  to  Waterford  and  tried  to  re-purchase 
his  inn.  Failing  in  this,  he  moved  to  Eaymond 
and  bought  the  hotel  so  long  known  as  Longley's, 
afterward  Sawyer's  tavern.     He  died  there  in  1839. 

Most  of  the  mill-sites  in  Waterford  were  occupied 
early  in  the  present  century.  I  give  their  history 
down  to  the  present  time,  commencing  with  those  at 
Waterford  City.  The  sites  at  Waterford  City  are 
numbered  from  the  foot  of  Tom  pond. 

1st.  A  saw  and  grist-mill  was  erected  about  1810 
by  Abram  Whitney.  The  successive  owners  have 
been  Abram  Whitney,  Lewis  Jewell,  Thomas  Hap- 
good,  and  Cobb  &  Hapgood. 


MILLS.  109 

2d.  A  foundry  was  built  here  about  1847  by  Mil- 
ler &  Cummings,  who  cast  stoves,  axle-trees,  and 
plows. 

3d.  A  plaster-mill  was  built  on  this  site  by  Josiah 
Monroe  in  1848 ;  it  was  afterward  converted  into  a 
woodshop  by  James  0.  Longley.  E.  Wilkins  has  a 
tannery  on  this  site. 

4th.  A  saw  and  grist-mill  was  built  here  about 
1790  by  Ezra  Jewell.  The  grist-mill  was  the  first  in 
Waterford.  Mr.  Jewell's  wife  tended  it  much  of  the 
time.  It  was  followed  by  a  blacksmith  shop,  in  which 
was  a  trip-hammer.  This  shop  was  owned  and  run 
by  Richard  Bailey,  who  was  a  skillful  workman.  He 
made  edged  tools.  Mr.  Stanwood  purchased  this 
site  about  1870,  and  on  it  erected  his  bucket  factory. 

5th.  Isaac  Smith  built  a  saw-mill  here  about  1795. 
In  1810,  Josiah  Farrar  bought  the  site  and  built  a 
cloth-mill,  in  which  wool  was  carded  and  cloth  was 
dressed.  He  also  manufactured  linseed  oil.  (There 
was  a  great  deal  of  flax  raised  in  Waterford  and 
vicinity  at  that  time.)  George  K.  Hamlin  afterward 
built  a  saw-mill  on  this  site.  It  is  now  occupied  by 
Watson's  salt-box  factory. 

6th.  In  1809  Timothy  Frisbie  built  a  black- 
smith shop,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  and  made 
scythes.  In  1820  this  was  converted  into  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  has  been  since  used  for  that  purpose. 


110  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

7th.  Oliver  Hapgood  built  a  carding-mill  on  this 
site  about  1810.  Daniel  Brown,  William  Morse, 
Zebedee  Perry,  and  E.  W.  Ayer  have  been  successive 
owners. 

8th.  AVilliam  Monroe  built  a  tannery  here  about 
1802,  where  he  did  a  large  country  business  for  many 
years.  He  was  in  partnership  with  Josiah  Atherton. 
He  was  followed  by  his  son  Josiah  Monroe,  and  he 
by  another  son,  Merrick  Monroe.  William  Monroe 
was  a  tanner  and  currier  by  trade,  a  good  business 
man  and  a  public  spirited  citizen.  He  was  a  man  of 
large  influence  in  town  and  held  many  local  offices. 

9th.  The  first  saw-mill  in  Waterford  was  built  by 
Jacob  Gibson,  within  a  few  rods  of  the  outlet  of  Bear 
brook,  near  Josiah  Monroe's. 

Pride's  saw  and  grist-mill  was  built  by  Jedediah 
Cailifif,  about  1809.  Nathaniel  Pride  succeeded 
CailifF,  and  built  a  new  grist-mill  further  down  the 
stream.  The  successive  owners  to  this  mill  have 
been  Isaac  Watson,  Rufus  Chadbourne,  Marshall 
Sanderson,  Amos  Upton,  and  Peter  Haskell. 

The  McWain  saw  and  grist-mill  was  built  about 
1830  by  David  McWain,  2d.  The  successive  owners 
have  been Andrews,  Samuel  Hale,  Joseph  Dan- 
iels, and  Livingston  G.  Robinson. 

Sanderson's  saw-mill  was  built  on  Mutiny  brook. 


MILLS.  Ill 

about  1835,  by  Joseph  Sanderson.  It  was  sold  by 
him  to  John  Sanderson. 

Dudley's  mill,  on  Bear  Pond  brook,  was  built  by 
Joseph  Dudley,  about  1799.  Nathan  Whitney,  Josi- 
ah  Monroe,  and  the  Harrison  Water  Power  Company 
have  successively  owned  it. 

The  first  saw-mill  at  North  Waterford  was  built 
about  1806,  by  Jonathan  Longley  (known  as  Skipper 
Longley)  and  Samuel  Page,  who  purchased  the  mill- 
site  of  Major  Samuel  Warren.  Mr.  Page  sold  to 
James  Russell  and  Gen.  Sawin.  They  re-built  the 
saw-mill  with  a  grist-mill  in  the  lower  story.  It  has 
had  numerous  owners  since, — Moses  Young,  Philip 
Barrows,  Danville  Bisbee,  Lebroke  &  Bell,  Lebroke 
and  Samuel  Locke  (who  re-built  the  mills  sub- 
stantially as  they  are  now),  Lebroke  &  Edgerley, 
Albert  and  Lyman  Jewett,  and  C.  G.  Knight,  who  is 
their  present  owner.  The  title  to  these  mills  has 
been  so  long  in  dispute  that  I  may  have  omitted  the 
names  of  some  of  the  owners. 

A  fulling-mill  was  built  at  North  Waterford,  just 
below  the  saw-mill,  about  1820,  by  Nathaniel  Jewett. 
After  his  death  James  Russell  and  a  Mr.  Perkins 
of  Conway,  N.  H.,  run  it  until  it  was  abandoned. 
Farnham  Jewett  bought  and  still  owns  the  privilege. 

Orlando  Coolidge  and  Josiah  Atherton  built,  about 
1833,  a  saw-mill  about  a  mile  below  the  North  Wa- 
terford mills. 


112  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

A  shingle-mill  was  built  at  Kezar  Falls  by  John 
Walker,  and  afterward  owned  by  James  Walker, 
both  of  Lovell.  Fortunately  for  the  lovers  of  nature, 
it  was  not  a  paying  investment. 

Lynch's  Mills.  Mills  were  built  on  this  site  by 
Benjamin  Proctor  about  1810.  He  owned  a  tract 
of  land  which  included  the  present  Lynch  property, 
about  2,500  acres  in  all.  In  his  day,  as  now,  it  was 
the  finest  body  of  pine  timber  in  this  section  of 
Oxford  county.  It  was  sold  about  1830  to  Daniel 
Brown,  Esq.,  for  less  than  $3,000.  Mr.  Brown  soon 
sold  it  to  James  Osgood  of  Fryeburg.  Up  to  this 
time  the  mill  had  simply  supplied  local  demand. 
Mr.  Osgood  built  new  mills  and  sent  some  lumber  to 
Portland  by  the  canal. 

About  1840  the   mill  passed  into   the   hands   of 

Moses   Petty,  who   sold   a  share  to  Caldwell. 

After  Mr.  Caldwell's  death  Mr.  Petty  again  became 
the  sole  owner.  Mr.  Petty  sold  to  John  Lynch,  about 
1850. 

I  give  the  history  of  Lynch's  Mills  because,  al- 
though located  in  Albany,  it  has  always  had  close 
business  connection  with  North  Waterford. 

Wild  lands  of  all  kinds,  especially  those  covered 
with  pine  timber,  were  a  favorite  investment  with 
shrewd  men  in  the  old  States,  and  in  the  oldest  towns 


WILD  LANDS  AND  PINE  TIMBER.  113 

of  the  new  States  after  the  close  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war.  This  was  natural,  for  at  that  time  there 
were  no  corporations,  and  one  must  needs  invest  his 
surplus  money  in  navigation  or  lands.  The  history 
of  every  town  in  Oxford  county  would  show  that 
until  within  the  last  fifty  years  the  most  valuable 
tracts  of  timber  lands  were  for  the  most  part  held 
by  non-residents.  The  amount  of  land  held  by  these 
parties  for  speculative  purposes  varied  in  size  from  a 
single  lot  to  the  famous  Bingham  purchase  or  pur- 
chases, which  in  1803  amounted  to  2,350,000  acres 
in  different  parts  of  the  Province  of  Maine. 

The  legislation  of  Massachusetts  had  stimu- 
lated this  non-resident  ownership,  for  hundreds  of 
square  miles  in  Maine  had  been  granted  to  soldiers, 
or  the  heirs  of  soldiers,  who  had  done  service  in  the 
French  wars,  or  in  some  way  had  served  the  State. 
These  parties  for  the  most  part  sold  their  rights  for 
a  trifle,  and  shrewd  men  bought  them  up.  For  ex- 
ample, the  father  of  the  Hamlins  owned  land  enough 
in  the  town  of  Waterford  to  present  each  of  his  sons 
with  a  lot. 

The  lots  in  this  section  of  Oxford  county  that 
were  best  fitted  for  farms  were  sold  to  settlers  as 
early  as  1800.  Those  retained  by  non-residents  or 
by  shrewd  residents  were  the  timber  lots,  cov- 
ered with  a  heavy  growth  of  white  pine,  although 
white  pine  in  Waterford  at  this  time  had  a  prospect- 


114  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

ive  value  only.  Non-residents  were  of  course  obliged 
to  employ  agents  to  look  after  their  timber,  for 
many  settlers  had  no  more  twinges  of  conscience 
when  stealing  shingle  stuff  or  even  logs  from  propri- 
etary lands,  than  has  the  crooked  citizen  of  swin- 
dling his  government  by  smuggling.  The  story  is 
told  (and  I  do  not  doubt  its  truth)  that  an  honored 
pastor  in  our  county,  whose  father  owned  several 
timber  lots  in  the  town  where  he  was  settled,  one 
day  went  to  see  one  of  his  parishioners  with  refer- 
ence to  joining  the  old  church.  The  parishioner's 
land  joined  one  of  the  paternal  lots.  The  people  at 
the  house  said  to  the  minister :  "  Father  is  in  the 
woods  getting  out  shingle  stuff,  down  below  the 
house."  The  good  minister  hitched  his  horse  and 
went  down  to  see  him.  He  found  him  riving  shin- 
gles from  an  old  pumpkin  pine.  He  noticed  that 
the  shingle-maker  seemed  very  nervous.  Just  as  he 
was  about  to  mention  the  subject  of  joining  the 
church,  the  other  broke  out  with,  "  I  know  this  old 
pine  is  a  leetle  over  the  line,  but  I  thought  I  would 
cut  it  down  as  it  was  gittin  old,  and  I  could  pay 
you  for  it  afterward  jest  as  well." 

Mr.  Thaddeus  Brown  was  agent  for  most  of  the 
non-resident  owners  of  wild  lands  in  Waterford  from 
1800  until  1820,  or  later.  These  owners  were  Wil- 
liam  and  Barnard   Douglass  ^   of   Portland,  Josiah^ 

1  and  2  L.  1,  R.  13.    L.  10,  R.  13.    L.  1,  R.  12.    L.  8,  R.  6.    L.  7,  R.  2. 


WILD  LANDS  AND  PINE  TIMBER.  115 

Pierce,   Esq.,  of  Baldwin  (he  bought  the  Douglass 
lots),    William   Cross  ^  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Mr. 
Beemis'^  of  Watertown,  Mass.,  Esquire  Perley'  of 
South   Bridgton,    and   Major   Samuel    Warren  *    of 
Waterford. 

I  give  the  ownership  of  the  lots  about  1820 ;  of 
course  they  have  changed  hands  many  times  since. 
It  will  be  seen  by  this  statement  that  the  most  valu- 
able pine  lots  in  Waterford  were  in  the  north-west 
part  of  the  town  and  along  Crooked  river.  Bisbee- 
town  until  after  1820  was  a  great  pine  forest.  The 
only  road  into  it  from  North  Waterford  was  a  log- 
ging road. 

The  first  lumbering  done  in  Waterford  was  in 
1808.^  This  was  done  below  Bakers  Falls  on 
Crooked  river.  The  price  paid  was  $2.00  a  thou- 
sand for  logs  in  the  river.  No  timber  was  cut  less 
than  twelve  and  commonly  not  less  than  fourteen 
inches  through.  These  logs  would  average  not  far 
from  three  to  the  thousand.     Of  course  the  stump- 

1 L.  11,  R.  1.    L.  5,  R.  10.    North  half  of  L.  5,  R.  9.    L.  3,  R.  13. 
2L.  7,  R.  9.    L.  1,  R.  5. 

3L.  10,  R.  8.  L.  10,  R.  9.  L.  9,  R.  11.  North  half  of  L.  9,  R.  9,  and 
south  half  of  L.  11,  R.  7. 

*  L.  2,  R.  13.    L.  6,  R.  14.    North  half  of  L.  5,  R.  14. 

5  The  accessible  timber  in  the  coast  towns  had  been  exhausted  as 
early  as  1790.  In  1798  and  earlier  considerable  timber  was  hauled  into 
Sebago  pond  from  Raymond  and  Standish.  One  man  in  Raymond  in 
1798  sold  logs  to  the  value  of  §1,100. 


116  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

age  could  not  have  amounted  to  much,  perhaps  sev- 
enty-five cents.  In  the  winter  of  1813  there  was 
logging  on  lot  10,  R.  10  and  on  lot  10,  R.  13. 

All  the  best  timber  in  Waterford  on  the  Crooked 
river,  except  the  Perley  and  Warren  lots,  was  cut 
previous  to  1830.  It  did  not  average  to  bring  sev- 
enty-five cents  a  thousand  on  the  stump.  The 
amount  cut  from  some  of  these  lots  was  enormous. 
From  the  Knight  lot,  L.  7,  R.  13,  6,000,000  feet  were 
drawn  off.  The  Perley  lots  were  not  sold  until 
about  1850.  They  were  said  to  have  brought  over 
$40,000. 

The  timber  on  the  Warren  lot,  L.  6,  R.  14,  was 
sold  about  1843  for  $5,000.  The  timber  on  Crooked 
river  all  went  to  Saccarappa ;  most  of  it  to  Nathan- 
iel and  John  Warren,  and  Joseph  Walker.  Phineas 
Eastman  of  Lovell,  Daniel  Brown  and  Thaddeus 
Brown,  sen.,  of  Waterford,  were  also  engaged  in 
lumbering  for  many  years. 

It  is  questionable  on  the  whole  if  the  white  pine, 
the  proudest  tree  in  the  American  forest,  has  not 
been  a  disadvantage  to  the  town.  It  certainly  has 
led  to  a  great  deal  of  shiftless  farming.  Men  neg- 
lected their  farms,  knowing  that  a  winter's  work  in 
the  woods  for  some  lumberman,  or  a  winter's  log- 
ging from  their  own  lots,  would  pay  the  over-due 
store  bill  or  tax.  Still  the  pine  is  the  most  profita- 
ble crop  for  some  of  our  lands. 


POSTAL  FACILITIES.  117 

I  have  said  that  Mr.  Longley  opened  the  first  post- 
office  within  the  present  limits  of  Oxford  county, 
except  at  Fryeburg  and  Paris.  Of  course  at  the 
time  of  its  estabUshment  the  weekly  mail  was  very 
small.^  Probably  the  mail  matter  for  an  entire  year, 
-^and  this  Waterford  post-office  supplied  all  of  west- 
ern Oxford  county  except  the  part  below  and  about 
Fryeburg, — did  not  equal  in  bulk  that  brought  into 
Waterford  now  in  a  single  day,  although  the  town 
then,  1801,  was  nearly  half  as  large  as  now. 

Until  1814  the  people  in  western  Oxford  county, 
except  about  and  below  Fryeburg,  depended  upon 
chance  persons  to  bring  them  their  mail  matter  from 
Waterford  Flat.  During  these  years  and  later  we 
did  a  considerable  business  with  Albany  and  the  An- 
droscoggin valley.  Cars  ran  from  that  valley  to 
Waterford  Flat,  at  first  over  the  Scoggin  trail,  later 
through  Hunt's  Corner  (Albany).  They  consisted  of 
long  poles  of  tough,  well-seasoned  wood  lashed  to 
either  side  of  a  horse,  dragging  on  the  ground. 
Across  the  lower  ends  of  these  poles  was  fastened  a 
box,  in  which  "  salts,"  made  by  boiling  down  ashes, 
were  brought  to  the  potash  factories  at  Waterford 
Flat  and   exchanged   for  light  groceries  or  spirits. 


1  In  contrast  with  this  I  give  the  mail  brought  daily  to  one  of  the 
three  offices  in  Waterford  in  April,  1878.  The  other  two  average  about 
the  same.  Daily  newspapers,  six ;  weekly  newspapers,  one  hundred 
and  sixty ;  letters  received,  thirty -five. 


118  HISTOKICAL  ADDRESS. 

These  "  cars  "  generally  came  in  trains  to  give  assist- 
ance in  case  of  need.  This  mode  of  conveyance 
was  common  in  early  times.  The  first  mail  carrier 
between  Portland  and  Waterford  was  Jacob  Howe ; 
Seba  Smith  followed  him.  Mr.  Howe  made  the 
round  trip  once  a  week,  reaching  Waterford  Friday 
night.  His  route  was  through  Windham,  Bridgton 
(east  side  of  the  pond)  to  Waterford  Flat,  thence 
through  Norway,  Oxford,  Poland,  and  Gray  to  Port- 
land. In  1814  post-offices  were  established  at  Bethel 
and  Rumford,  later  at  Albany,  Greenwood,  Wood- 
stock, and  in  the  towns  in  western  Oxford  county ; 
but  until  about  1830  Waterford  was  the  distributing 
office  for  western  Oxford  county. 

That  year  the  mail  from  Portland  reached  Water- 
ford Friday.  Saturday  the  postman  made  a  circuit 
through  Sweden,  Lovell,  Fryeburg,  Denmark  Corner, 
South  Bridgton,  Middle  Bridgton  back  to  Waterford 
Flat,  fifty-two  miles. 

Monday  he  went  to  Swifts  Corner,  Norway,  Nor- 
way Village,  Paris  Cape,  Paris  Hill,  Woodstock, 
Hamlins  Gore  and  Rumford  Corner,  forty-four  miles. 

Tuesday  he  returned  to  Waterford  Flat  by  way  of 
Bethel  Hill  and  Hunts  Corner,  thirty-three  miles. 
For  all  this  horseback  torture  he  received  $190  a 
year.  The  postman  carried  his  papers  in  saddle- 
bags, his  letters  in  a  mail-bag  by  themselves.  As  he 
approached  a  house  or  village  on  his  route  he  sound- 
ed his  horn  and  threw  out  the  papers  to  subscribers. 


MILITIA.  119 

The  rates  for  postage  were  as  follows  at  that  date : 
Twenty-five  cents  for  four  hundred  miles  and  over ; 
eighteen  and  two-thirds  cents  for  one  hundred  and 
fifty  to  four  hundred  miles;  twelve  and  one-half 
cents  for  eighty  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles ;  ten 
cents  for  thirty  to  eighty  miles ;  six  cents  for  any 
distance  less  than  thirty  miles.  This  was  the  post- 
age on  single  sheets  of  any  size  and  accounts  for 
the  size  of  old-fashioned  letter  paper.  Newspapers 
paid  one  cent  each,  if  published  within  the  State  or 
one  hundred  miles  outside  the  State ;  one  and  one- 
half  cents  if  at  a  further  distance. 

There  were  no  postage  stamps  or  envelopes  in 
those  days.  The  postage  due  was  generally  marked 
on  the  letter,  although  it  could  be  prepaid.  The 
post-master  collected  it  from  the  party  to  whom  the 
letter  was  sent.  The  postage  on  papers  was  a 
perquisite  of  the  postman.  No  wonder  that  people 
made  postmen  of  their  friends,  a  custom  the  origin 
of  which  I  used  to  wonder  about  when  a  boy.  The 
older  of  you  will  recall  the  poor  or  mean  men  who 
collected  around  a  stage  tavern  fifty  years  ago  to 
find  some  traveler  who  would  carry  a  letter  for 
them  and  so  save  them  the  postage. 

No  sooner  was  the  town  incorporated  than  the 
militia  were  organized.  In  the  fall  of  1799  they 
first  assembled.     They  chose  the  following  officers : 


120  HISTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 

Dr.  Stephen  Cummings,  captain ;  Seth  Wheeler,  first 
lieutenant;  James  Robbins,  ensign.  The  company, 
consisting  of  seventy-two,  rank  and  file,  paraded  be- 
fore the  door  of  Eli  Longley's  tavern,  where  prayer 
was  offered  by  Rev.  Mr.  Ripley. 

In  1801  a  company  of  horse  was  formed  from  the 
militia  companies  of  Waterford  and  Bridgton.  The 
of&cers  were  Capt.  Kimball,  Lieut.  Robbins,  and  Cor- 
net Smith. 

All  able-bodied  men  between  eighteen  and  forty- 
five  were  by  law  compelled  to  train.  They  were 
obliged,  if  able,  to  provide  themselves  with  a  musket, 
knapsack,  belt,  scabbard,  cartridge  box,  priming  wire 
and  brush ;  if  unable,  the  selectmen  were  obliged  by 
law  to  provide  for  them.  The  privates  were  without 
uniform  for  the  most  part.  The  regulation  colors 
for  officers  and  privates  were  blue  with  red  facings. 
Some  of  the  militia  had  previously  trained  in  Massa- 
chusetts, where  all  were  compelled  to  wear  uniforms, 
so  they  wore  their  old  dress. 

The  composition  of  a  regiment  at  that  time  was 
as  follows :  It  was  made  up  of  a  convenient  number 
of  companies, — from  six  to  ten.  The  company  offi- 
cers in  an  infantry  regiment  were  captain,  lieutenant, 
and  ensign  (or  second  lieutenant),  four  sergeants 
and  four  corporals.  The  field  officers  were  colonel, 
two  majors,  and  an  adjutant.  The  field  officers  were 
elected  by  the  line  ofl&cers,  the  line  officers  by  their 


MILITIA.  121 

companies.  The  legal  complement  of  the  company 
was  sixty-four.  Each  regiment  was  made  up  of  two 
battalions,  each  commanded  by  a  major. 

There  were  two  trainings  each  year  and  a  muster. 
The  first  training  came  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  May, 
the  second  was  the  week  before  muster.  The  mus- 
ter occurred  either  in  September  or  October.  These 
trainings  were  under  the  direction  of  the  company 
officers.  The  muster  was  under  the  direction  of  the 
regimental  officers;  the  fine  for  non-attendance  was 
$3.00.  The  trainings  were  held  on  Waterford  Flat, 
on  the  spot  where  you  are  now  seated.  The  musters 
were  held  at  Bethel  until  1822,  afterward  often  at 
Lovell. 

The  equipments  were  inspected  both  at  the  May 
training  and  at  the  muster ;  by  the  captain  at  the 
former,  by  the  brigade  inspector  at  the  latter.  At 
the  May  training  the  clerk  of  the  company  read  the 
laws  applicable  to  the  occasion. 

In  1807  the  Waterford  company  was  divided. 
Samuel  Warren  was  at  that  time  in  command.  Two 
companies  were  formed  known  as  the  east  and  west 
companies.  Samuel  Warren  was  captain,  Daniel 
Green  1st  lieutenant,  Josiah  Wright  ensign  of  the 
former ;  Simeon  Woodbury  was  captain,  Silas  Jones 
1st  lieutenant,  and  Ephraim  Hapgood  ensign  of  the 
latter.  The  west  company  took  in  all  of  North 
Waterford  as  far  as  the  Jewett  guide-board,  and  all 
9 


122  mSTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 

west  of  the  old  road  to  Bridgton ;  the  east  company 
included  the  rest  of  the  town. 

In  1810  a  regiment  was  formed,  made  up  of  com- 
panies from  the  following  towns :  Albany,  Newry, 
Rumford,  and  Andover  one  company  each ;  from 
Bethel  and  Waterford  two  companies  each.  The 
officers  were  Amos  Hastings,  Bethel,  colonel ;  Samu- 
el Warren,  Waterford,  1st  major ;  Amos  Hill,  Bethel, 
2d  major;  William  Monroe,  Waterford,  adjutant. 
To  this  regiment  was  attached  a  company  of  cavalry 
under  the  following  officers :  Oliver  Pollard,  Water- 
ford, captain  ;  ,  1st  lieutenant;  Eli  Long- 
ley,  cornet. 

The  Waterford  militia  after  1822  belonged  to  a 
regiment  made  up  of  six  companies  from  the  follow- 
ing towns :  Albany  and  Sweden  one  each  ;  Water- 
ford and  Lovell  two  each  and  a  troop  of  cavalry. 
One  of  the  Lovell  companies  was  a  rifle  company ; 
its  uniform  was  gray  trimmed  with  red.  Capt. 
Stephen  He^,ld  commanded  it.  The  first  officers  of 
this  regiment  were  John  Atherton,  Waterford,  colo- 
nel ;  Isaac  Wardwell,  Albany,  lieutenant-colonel ; 
John  Swan,  Lovell,  major ;  Sprout  Hapgood,  Water- 
ford, adjutant. 

During  this  period, — from  1799  until  1820, — there 
was  general  interest  taken  in  military  matters.  Of- 
ficial positions  were  eagerly  sought  by  the  ambitious, 
although  often  a  disadvantage  to  the  successful  as- 
pirants. 


MILITIA.  123 

Officers  were  tempted  and  by  custom  compelled 
to  lavish  expenditures  for  equipments,  uniforms,  and 
horses,  which  many  could  ill  afford.  They  vied  with 
each  other  in  a  profuse  hospitality  on  muster  day, 
and  every  line  officer's  house,  did  he  wish  to  retain 
his  popularity,  must  be  open  to  the  rank  and  file  of 
his  company  or  his  regimental  associates.  The  field 
officers  were  especially  tempted  to  indulge  in  ex- 
travagance. A  gentleman  in  Waterford,  who  was  for 
twelve  years  a  line  and  field  officer,  estimated  that  it 
cost  him  during  that  time  twelve  hundred  dollars  to 
"  support  his  rank." 

The  results  gained  in  the  way  of  discipline  were 
very  slight.  It  is  questionable  whether  a  week's 
drill  for  four  hours  each  day,  under  competent  offi- 
fcers,  would  not  have  produced  better  results  than 
ten  years'  service  in  the  militia.  There  were  com- 
pensating advantages  however,  especially  to  the 
officers.  Acquaintances  were  often  formed,  friend- 
ships established,  which  were  a  life-long  pleasure  and 
benefit  to  these  men.  It  inevitably  led  to  a  freer, 
broader  social  life  than  we  have  to-day.  The  leading 
men  in  Lovell,  Waterford,  Bethel,  Newry,  Rumford, 
and  Albany  naturally  met  once  a  year,  either  on 
the  muster  field  or  at  each  other's  houses.  Doubt- 
less these  semi-annual  drills  did  something  to  keep 
alive  the  martial  spirit  which  no  nation  can  afibrd  to 
let  wholly  die  out. 


124  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

The  war  of  1812  brought  hard  times  to  Water- 
ford.  Our  trade  was  then  as  now  with  Portland, 
and  Portland  was  practically  bankrupt.  The  embar- 
go stopped  foreign  trade,  and  coasting  was  made 
hazardous  by  British  cruisers.  There  was  conse- 
quently an  almost  entire  suspension  of  exchange. 
It  was  then  seen  that  the  hated  middleman  has  his 
uses. 

The  embargo  act  was  passed  in  1808.  February, 
1809,  the  people  met  in  town  meeting  and  chose  a 
committee  to  frame  a  petition  to  the  Massachusetts 
legislature,  protesting  against  this  act.  The  commit- 
tee were  Hannibal  Hamlin,  David  Chaplin,  Abram 
Whitney,  Eleazer  Hamlin,  and  Calvin  Farrar.  The 
petition  reads  as  follows ;  it  is  certainly  well  put. 

To  the  Honorable  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  Massa- 
chusetts, now  in  session. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Waterford,  in  legal  town  meet- 
ing assembled,  respectfully  represent, 

That  although  the  inhabitants  of  this  town  are  not  a  commercial 
people,  but  whose  employment  is  cultivation  of  the  soil,  yet  they 
sensibly  and  severely  feel  the  pressure  and  evils  of  the  present 
calamitous  and  distressing  times.  We  believe  we  have  borne,  and 
shall  continue  to  bear,  with  patience  and  fortitude,  any  necessary 
burdens  or  privations  which  are  necessarily  and  constitutionally 
imposed  upon  us  by  our  rulers;  but  when  we  see  and  feel  the  de- 
structive effect  of  measures,  the  inutility  of  which  have  been  so 
ably  and  eloquently  made  manifest  by  the  minority  in  Congress, 
we  are  indeed  filled  with  alarming  apprehensions.  If  we  resort  to 
the  market  where  formerly  our  produce  brought  a  great  price,  the 
alteration  is  truly  deplorable;  our  produce  briugs  us  scarce  money 
enough  to  defray  our  expenses  on  the  road,  and  instead  of   that 


WAR  OF  1812.  125 

contentment  and  prosperity  which  formerly  prevailed  among  the 
citizens  of  those  places,  we  now  see  desi:)ondency  and  misery. 
The  embargo  has  stopped  the  circulation  of  money,  and  to  enforce 
it  armed  men  are  patroliny-  their  streets  and  gun-boats  are  ma- 
neuvering on  their  waters.  Should  we  attempt  to  petition  Con- 
gress on  this  distressing  subject,  the  presumption  is  that  our 
recommendation  would  be  unheeded  or  disregarded.  We,  there- 
fore, inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Waterford,  respectfully  solicit 
your  honorable  body  to  take  such  immediate  and  constitutional 
steps  as  in  your  wisdom  you  shall  deem  proper,  to  relieve  us,  in 
common  with  others  in  this  part  of  the  State,  from  the  accumu- 
lated evils  and  embarrassments  under  which  we  now  suffer.  And 
we  beg  leave  to  express  to  your  honorable  body  our  entire  appro- 
bation of  those  salutary  measures  you  have  already  taken  on  this 
important  subject,  and  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

The  town  accepted  the  report  of  the  committee, 
and  voted  that  it  be  printed  in  the  Portland  Gazette. 
They  also  voted  that  the  number  of  dissenting  votes 
— two — be  printed  with  the  prayer. 

During  the  war  two  calls  were  made  upon  Water- 
ford  for  troops,  the  first  in  1812.  At  this  time  six- 
teen men  were  drafted  from  each  company  and 
stood  as  minute  men  for  a  year.  They  drilled  twice 
in  Bethel  with  the  drafted  men  from  Bethel  and 
Rumford,  and  occasionally  together  at  the  Flat. 
Capt.  Keyes  of  Rumford  acted  as  captain  of  these 
drafted  men,  Capt.  Abel  Houghton  of  Waterford  was 
ensign.  Gov.  Strong  refused  to  allow  drafted  men 
to  leave  the  State,  so  at  the  end  of  the  year  they 
were  dismissed. 

In  1814  another  draft  was  made.     It  consisted  of 


126  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

the  following  persons:  John  Atherton,  jr.,  Jabez 
Brown,  Josiah  Brown,  Heman  Brown,  Luther  Brig- 
ham,  Daniel  Billings,  Moses  Bisbee,  Daniel  ChapHn, 
jr.,  Eben  Cross,  jr.,  Bryant  Brigham,  Austin  Frisbee, 
Caleb  Hersey,  Samuel  Haskell,  Oliver  Hapgood, 
Sprout  Hapgood,  Israel  Hale,  Charles  Hale,  Benja- 
min Hale,  Sullivan  Jones,  Lewis  Jewell,  Nathan  Jew- 
ell, John  Jewell,  jr.,  Jerry  Kimball,  Isaiah  Kimball, 
Isaac  Kilborn,  Gabriel  Kilgore,  George  Longley, 
Stephen  Muffitt,  John  Proctor,  Josiah  Pride,  Samuel 
Page,  John  Page,  Amos  Smith,  Abijah  Warren,  Per- 
ley  Warren,  Samuel  Wheeler,  Silas  Trull,  Judah 
Wetherbee,  jr. 

The  Waterford,  Albany,  and  West  Bethel  drafted 
men  made  a  company.  The  men,  singly  and  in 
squads,  started  for  Portland  in  1814,  taking  their  ac- 
coutrements with  them.  They  were  in  barracks  in 
a  rope-walk  near  Vaughan's  bridge  for  a  while ;  they 
afterward  encamped  near  Portland  pier.  Their  offi- 
cers were  Joseph  Holt,  Albany,  captain;  Aaron 
Cummings,  Albany,  lieutenant ;  Eleazer  Twitchell, 
Bethel,  ensign. 

The  soldiers  were  kept  busy  on  intrenchments 
which  were  thrown  up  at  Fish  Point,  near  the  Grand 
Trunk  railroad  yard.  They  were  drilled  daily  and 
did  some  picket  duty.  The  soldiers  were  rather 
lawless  and  much  addicted  to  stealing.  One  compa- 
ny made  itself  particularly  obnoxious  to  the  people 


COLD  SEASONS.  127 

of  Portland  in  this  respect.  Its  captain  is  said  to 
have  paid  over  seventy  dollars  on  account  of  its 
thieving  propensities.  Iron  bars,  hoes,  shovels, 
scrap-iron, — anything  that  could  be  of  use  on  a 
farm, — were  conveyed  to  their  barracks,  and  sent 
home  by  friends  who  came  to  Portland  to  see  them. 
The  Waterford  section  had  this  rather  dubious  com- 
pliment paid  them :  "  they  stole  less  than  the  rest." 
The  drafted  men  were  out  forty-one  days  and  re- 
ceived each  sixteen  dollars  and  fifty  cents  for  ser- 
vices. 

Business  had  not  recovered  from  the  depressing 
influences  of  the  war  before  the  famous  cold  seasons 
came  on;  these  included  1815,  1816,  and  1817.  Of 
the  three  1816  was  the  coldest.  On  the  26th  day  of 
May,  1816,  snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  eighteen  inches, 
and  for  a  day  or  more  the  sleighing  was  good.  An 
aged  man  present  tells  me  that  he  chopped  wood  all 
day  in  June  with  his  coat  on,  the  snow  flying 
in  squalls  about  him.  June  7th,  8th,  and  9th  it 
snowed  and  ice  formed  thick  as  window-glass,  while 
the  surface  of  the  ground  was  frozen.  During  these 
three  years  no  corn  was  raised  in  Waterford,  or  bare- 
ly enough  for  seed.  But  little  wheat  or  rye  was 
raised  at  that  time,  so  the  people  were  in  great 
straits  for  food.  Rye  was  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents 
a  bushel,  and  scarce  at  that ;  pork  was  a  shilling  or 


128  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

more  a  pound,  and  flour  was  twenty  dollars  a  barrel. 
The  Perleys  and  Ingalls  of  Bridgton  raised  a  lit- 
tle corn  during  these  cold  seasons,  so  the  coun- 
try was  not  destitute  of  seed  when  the  famine  was 
passed.  One  man  went  from  Waterford  to  Portland 
and  bought  a  bushel  of  corn,  which  he  brought  home 
on  horseback.  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  poorest 
of  the  people  boiled  brake  roots  and  ate  them  in 
milk,  and  that  skim-milk  cheese  was  eaten  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  bread.  A  good  deal  of  grain  was  hauled 
from  Portland,  but  prices  ruled  high  there,  as  the 
cold  seasons  affected  all  New  England. 

The  superstitious  thought  the  cold  seasons  were 
ominous  of  the  end  of  the  world,  and  fancied  that 
they  could  see  spots  on  the  sun.  Added  to  the  suf- 
ferings for  want  of  food  was  the  calamity  of  fire. 
In  1817  a  terrible  fire  swept  through  South  Albany. 
No  attempt  was  made  to  stop  it,  but  only  to  ward  it 
off  the  buildings.  It  burned  over  immense  tracts  of 
wood  land  and  destroyed  two  barns.  Finally  all 
Waterford  and  Albany  turned  out  and  fought  it. 
This  fire  was  a  providence  in  disguise,  for  the  people 
cleared  great  tracts  of  land  over  which  it  had  run, 
and  sowed  it  with  rye ;  the  next  year  they  reaped  a 
most  bounteous  harvest,  and  the  spots  on  the  sun 
obligingly  suspended  growth. 

This  was  the  nearest  to  a  famine  ever  known  in 
northern  New  England.     It  is  comforting  to  know 


PHYSICIANS.  129 

that  improvements  in  transportation  make  such  a 
calamity  to-day  impossible. 

During  the  plantation  history  of  our  town  physi- 
cians in  Oxford  county  were  few  and  but  little  need- 
ed. Open  houses,  plain  food,  a  wholesome  disregard 
of  foolish  conventionalities  in  dress  and  daily  life  on 
the  part  of  women,  together  with  plenty  of  work, 
kept  people  generally  healthy.  Brave  women  at- 
tended their  sex  at  critical  times  and  with  success. 

The  first  physician  in  Waterford  was  Dr.  Stephen 
Cummings.  He  came  here  about  1795.  He  lived 
where  Mr.  Douglass  now  resides.  He  removed  to 
Portland  about  1800,  where  he  had  an  extensive 
practice,  and  ranked  among  the  first  physicians  of 
the  State. 

Dr.  Samuel  Crombie  followed  him.  He  came  from 
New  Boston,  N.  H. ;  was  in  feeble  health,  and  soon 
after  died  of  consumption. 

Dr.  Luke  Lincoln,  also  from  New  Boston,  was  the 
next  in  order.  He  remained  in  town  but  a  short 
time.     Little  is  known  concerning  him. 

Dr.  Charles  Hay  seems  to  have  been  the  next 
physician  in  the  place.  He  resided  on  the  Kingman 
farm,  just  north  of  the  old  meeting-house.  His 
health  failing,  he  left  town. 

Dr.  Cushi  Hathaway  was  here  a  short  time,  but 
nothing  definite  can  be  learned  of  him. 


130  HISTOKICAL  ADDRESS. 

Dr.  Abner  Johnson,  known  in  connection  with  the 
famous  "Anodyne  Liniment,"  was  next  here,  and 
lived  in  the  house  formerly  occupied  by  Dr.  Hay. 
He  remained  several  years,  then  removed  to  Brewer 
in  this  State. 

Dr.  Young  Walker  was  next ;  he  came  from 
Denmark.  He  lived  on  the  Carter  place,  west  side 
of  the  pond.  He  remained  in  town  long  after  he 
ceased  to  practice.  He  had  natural  and  acquired 
talents  that  could  have  insured  him  eminent  success. 

Dr.  Leander  Gage  came  to  Waterford  from  Bethel, 
Me.,  in  1817.  He  erected  and  lived  in  the  house 
where  Mr.  Porter  now  resides.  He  stood  high  in  the 
profession,  indeed  was  far  broader  than  his  profes- 
sion. He  was  a  man  of  commanding  presence  and 
influence ;  often  moderator  at  town  meetings,  an 
influential  member  of  the  school  committee,  an  earn- 
est christian,  a  public  spirited  citizen,  enthusiastic 
in  his  profession, — he  left  his  mark  on  Waterford. 
He  continued  in  practice  here  until  his  death  in 
1842. 

The  first  lawyer  on  the  Flat  was  Henry  Farwell,  a 
man  of  superior  ability.  He  came  here  about  1806. 
He  moved  to  Dixfield  and  died  there. 

Edward  Andrews,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  fol- 
lowed him.  He  became  a  minister,  went  to  New 
York  and  died  there. 


LAWYEKS,-SOCIAL  LIFE.  131 

Charles  Whitman,  a  native  of  Portland,  com- 
menced practice  here  in  1817.  He  married  Rowena 
Coffin  of  Waterford.  After  practicing  in  Waterford 
for  twenty  years,  he  was  appointed  department  clerk 
at  Washington,  where  he  died.  Mr.  Whitman  was  a 
gentleman  socially ;  self-respectful  and  not  ambitious 
of  public  distinction.  He  was  a  peace-maker  rather 
than  an  exciter  of  litigation.  He  was  a  man  of 
public  spirit  and  took  great  pride  in  the  town. 

Elijah  L.  Hamlin,  a  native  of  Paris,  was  cotempo- 
rary  with  Mr.  Whitman.  After  practicing  law  a  short 
time  in  Waterford,  he  moved  to  Bangor.  Though  a 
man  of  superior  ability,  he  did  not  seek  distinction 
in  his  profession.  He  became  identified  with  the 
growth  of  Bangor  and  was  largely  connected  with 
its  public  business.  He  was  several  times  mayor, 
and  was  once  whig  candidate  for  governor  of  the 
State. 

/ 

During   these   years — from    1797  to   1820 — farm 

Avork  was  done  mostly  with  oxen ;  horses  were  few ; 
cart  wheels  were  seldom  iron-rimmed ;  plows  were 
huge  and  home-made  and  mostly  of  wood. 

Traveling  was  largely  on  horseback  for  both  sexes, 
in  the  saddle  or  on  the  pillion,  man  and  woman, 
husband  and  wife,  tandem. 

"  Raisings "  were  common.  One  hundred  and 
eighty-one  frame  buildings  of  all  kinds  were  erected 
previous  to  1803. 


132  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Buildings  were  heavily  timbered,  and  raised  a 
broadside  at  a  time,  and  under  not  a  little  stimula- 
tion. It  was  inspiring  to  the  by-standers  as  well  as 
to  the  sturdy  workmen  at  the  frame,  when  the  mas- 
ter carpenter,  in  proud  consciousness  of  authority, 
took  his  stand,  and  with  more  than  military  air  and 
lungs  shouted,  "All  ready  !  Take  her  up  ! "  Shout- 
ing, "  Heave  ho ! "  as  the  side  went  slowly  up,  till 
it  was  near  the  perpendicular ;  then,  with  an  al- 
tered tone,  he  cried,  "  Halt,"  and  so  the  whole,  till 
the  heavily  timbered  skeleton  was  erected.  The 
aged  and  decrepit,  well  helped  to  grog,  busied  them- 
selves in  making  the  needed  pins  to  hold  the  frame 
together.  All  complete,  some  rustic  wit,  skilled  in 
the  art  of  putting  things,  mounts  the  frame  and 
"names"  the  building  in  rude,  racy  doggerel,  be- 
speaking all  good  things  for  the  owner,  his  good 
wife,  sons,  and  fair  daughters,  and  this  for  all  time. 

Carpets  were  not  then;  the  floors  were  sanded 
rather,  and  swept  capriciously  or  ornamentally  by 
fantastic  flourishes  of  the  broom.  Pins  were  scarce ; 
thorns  were  used  largely  instead.  Flowers  and 
things  of  taste  were  rare ;  things  of  art  were  criti- 
cized as  extravagance,  savoring  of  godless  pride  and 
vanity.  Furniture  was  simple,  neat,  and  suflicient. 
Hair  cloth,  veneered  furniture, — all  that  wretched 
aping  of  gentility  that  so  mars  the  simplicity  and 
attractiveness  of  modern  rural  life, — was  unknown. 


SOCIAL  LIFE.  133 

Bonnets  then  were  bonnets,  shading  the  face  and 
the  beauty,  not  unlike  the  section  of  a  broad  um- 
brella. Boots  were  rare ;  shoes  were  worn,  if  any- 
thing. Clothing  was  home-made  and  coarse,  the 
rough  surface  of  those  home-wrought  fabrics  being 
as  useful  to  the  skin  as  the  modern  crash  or  Turkish 
towel.  Many  in  this  assembly  can  remember  their 
experience  in  "breaking  in  "  a  tow  shirt. 

Each  farm  was  a  factory  village  as  well.  The 
farmer  made  many  of  his  tools,  did  rough  mechanical 
work,  cobbled  and  sometimes  made  his  shoes.  His 
wife  spun  yarn,  wove  woolen  and  linen  cloth,  cut 
and  made  the  family  clothes.  The  store  was  but  lit- 
tle patronized.  That  modern  mill-stone — a  huge 
store  bill — was  seldom  hung  around  the  necks  of  our 
fathers.  Waterford  for  the  first  half  century  of  its 
history  raised  its  own  bread  and  meat,  made  much 
of  its  own  sugar,  raised  the  raw  material  and  manu- 
factured most  of  its  clothing.  The  nice  sub-divisions 
of  labor  peculiar  to  modern  times  are  profitable 
only  when  each  division  can  find  constant  employ- 
ment at  its  specialty.  It  is  questionable  whether 
New  England  farmers,  especially  in  the  hill  towns  of 
northern  New  England,  far  from  markets,  can  afford 
to  become  simply  producers  of  raw  material.  Does 
not  their  prosperity  demand  that,  to  a  considerable 
extent,  they  return  to  the  habits  of  their  fathers 
and  become  mechanics  as  well  as  farmers  ?     Certain- 


134  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

ly  Waterford,  all  Oxford  county,  ought  to  raise  its 
own  bread  and  might  do  so.  Our  fathers  did  not  ask 
themselves  whether  it  paid  to  raise  Indian  corn  or 
any  other  necessary.  One  thing  they  knew,  that 
loafing  and  consequently  debt  did  not  pay. 

The  growth  of  Maine,  Oxford  county,  and  Water- 
ford  between  1800  and  1820  is  shown  by  the  follow- 
ing tables.^ 

1810.  1820. 

York, 41,877  46,283 

Cumberland, 42,831  49,445 

Lincoln, 38,570  46,843 

Waldo, 19,941  22,253 

Hancock, 13,499  17,856 

Washington, 7,870  12,744 

Kennebec, 31,565  40,150 

Oxford, 18,630  27,104 

Somerset, 12,286  21,775 

Penobscot, 7,831  13,870 

Total, 228,705  298,335 

The  line  of  settlements  in  our  State  was  pushed 
back  between  1800  and  1820  west  of  the  Kennebec 
an  average  of  but  a  single  (incorporated)  township; 
east  of  the  Kennebec  an  average  of  six,  or  about  forty 
miles.     The  frontier  towns  then  are  for  the  most 

1  These  numbers  express  the  aggregate  population  in  1810  and  1820, 
of  the  towns  and  plantations  which  formed  the  respective  counties 
when  incorporated.  For  population  of  counties  and  towns  in  1790 
and  1800,  see  pages  66  and  68. 


GROWTH:    1800—1820. 


135 


part  frontier  towns  to-day.     The  growth  of  our  State 
since  1810  has  been  mostly  by  natural  increase. 

The  population  of  Oxford   county  by  towns  in 
1810  and  1820  was  as  follows:' 

1810.  1820. 

Albany, 165  288 

Andover,             264  368 

Baclielder's  Grant,                I            oi.       ^  101 

Fryebuig  Academy  Grant,  f   '^^^  Stoneham,  131 

Bethel  and  Hanover, 975  1,267 

Brownfield,              388  727 

Buckfield,             1,251  1,501 

Denmark, 436  792 

Dixfield, 403  595 

Fryeburg  and  Stow, 1,004  1,186 

Gilead, 215  328 

Greenwood,             273  392 

Hartford,              720  1,113 

Hebron,            1,211  1,727 

Hiram, 336  700 

Lovell,              365  430 

Mexico, 14  148 

Newry,              202  303 

Norway, 1,010  1,330 

Paris, 1,320  1,894 

Peru,             92  342 

Porter, 292  487 

Eumford, 629  871 

Sumner,            611  1,058 

Sweden, 249 

Waterford, 860  1,035 

Woodstock, 236  409 

Scattering, 138  808 


1  Only  those  towns  are  enumerated  which   are   now — 1878— a  part  of 
Oxford  county. 


136 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


The  valuation  and  live  stock  owned  in  Waterford 
in  1810  and  1820  was  as  follows: 


•o  ® 

a 
o 

11 

§^ 

c2  . 
«52 

^2 

Ct3 

o 

5  S 

O  a; 

g 

> 

K 

o  ^ 

o  >. 

o 

oo  >, 

a  >> 

t  ^ 

1810 

$61,036 

108 

13 

27 

98 

423 

197 

183 

1820 

73.250 

116 

186 

447 

TOWN  OFFICIALS  AND  POLITICAL  RECORD. 


1798. 

C. 

David  Whitcomb. 

M 
T. 

1 
C. 

Eleazer  Hamlia. 
Eber  Rice. 

Pres. 
Elec. 

^Solomon  Stone. 

S. 

M 

Africa  Hamlin. 
Daniel  Chaplin. 

1801. 

Solomon  Stone. 

M. 

Eleazer  Hamlin. 

T. 

Eli  Longley. 

T.  C. 

Eber  Rice. 

C. 

David  "VVhitcomb. 
1799. 

S.  M. 

Lieut.  James  Robbins. 
Thaddeus  Brown. 
Jonathan  Plummer. 

M 

Dr.  Stephen  Cummings. 

T. 

Josiah  Shaw. 

T. 

C. 

Eber  Rice. 

C. 

Samuel  Brigham. 

S. 

M. 

Solomon  Stone. 

Eleazer  Hamlin. 

Dr.  Stephen  Cummings. 

Gov. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  D.  36. 
Caleb  Strong,  F.  32. 

T. 

Solomon  Stone. 

1802. 

C. 

David  Whitcomb. 

M. 
T.C. 

Eleazer  Hamlin. 
Eber  Rice. 

1800. 

S.  M. 

Thaddeus  Brown. 

M 

Dr.  Stephen  Cummings. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

T. 

C. 

Eber  Rice. 

Jonathan  Stone. 

S. 

M. 

David  Me  Wain. 

T. 

Solomon  Stone. 

Solomon  Stone. 

C. 

Samuel  Brigham. 

Ephraira  Chamberlain. 

Gov. 

Caleb  Strong,  F.  45. 

T. 

Solomon  Stone. 

E.  Gerry,  D.  22. 

iM.,  Moderator;  T.  C,  Town  Clerk;  S.   M.,  Selectmen;  T.,  Treasurer; 
C,  Collector. 


TOWN  OFFICERS:— POLITICAL  RECORD. 


137 


1803. 
M.       Solomon  Stone. 
T.  C.   Eber  Rice. 
S.  M.  Thaddeus  Brown. 

Samuel  Warren. 

Jonathan  Stone,  jr. 
T.        Dr.  Cushi  Hathaway. 
C.        John  Chamberlain. 
Gov.    Caleb  Strong,  62. 


M. 
T.  C. 
S.M. 


T. 
C. 

Gov. 


1806. 
Hannibal  Hamlin. 
Eber  Rice. 
Simeon  Woodbury. 
Hannibal  Hamlin. 
James  H.  Robbing. 
Jonathan  Plummer. 
James  H.  Robbins. 
Caleb  Strong,  D.  84. 
James  Sullivan,  F.  17. 
Adonijah  Brown,  1. 


1804. 
M.       Hannibal  Hamlin. 
T.  C.   Eber  Rice. 
S.  M.  Jonathan  Stone,  jr. 

Hannibal  Hamlin. 

Eber  Rice. 
C.        John  Chamberlain. 
Gov.    Caleb  Strong,  F.  64. 

J.  Sullivan,  D.  8. 
Pres.  (David  Cobb,  F.  73. 
Elec.  ( James  Sullivan,  D.  1. 


1807. 

M. 

Jonathan  Houghton; 

T.  C. 

Eber  Rice. 

S.M. 

Eber  Rice. 

Daniel  Chaplin. 

Samuel  Warren. 

T. 

Josiah  Shaw. 

C. 

Jonathan  Houghton. 

Gov. 

Caleb  Strong,  F.  88. 

James  Sullivan,  D.  21. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  Esq.,  1, 

M. 

Hannibal  Hamlin. 

1808. 

T.  C. 

Eber  Rice. 

M. 

Simeon  Woodbury. 

S.  M. 

,  Jonathan  Stone,  jr. 

T.  C. 

Eber  Rice. 

Jonathan  Houghton. 

S.  M. 

.  Eber  Rice. 

America  Hamlin. 

Daniel  Chaplin. 

T. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

Samuel  Warren. 

C. 

Isaac  Smith. 

T. 

Josiah  Shaw. 

Gov. 

Caleb  Strong,  F.  67. 

C. 

Simeon  Woodbury. 

James  Sullivan,  D.  6. 

Gov. 

Christopher  Gore,  F.  96. 

E.  Gerry,  D.  1. 

James  Sullivan,  D.  21. 

10 


138 


HISTORICAL  ADDEESS. 


1809. 
M.       Simeon  Woodbury. 
T.  C.  Eber  Rice. 
S.  M.  Samuel  Plummer. 

Solomon  Stone. 

Calvin  Farrar. 
T.        Calvin  Farrar. 
C.        Simeon  Woodbury. 
(Grov.   Christopher  Gore,  F.  110. 

Levi  Lincoln,  D.  15. 


M. 
T.C. 

S.  M, 


T. 
C. 
Gov. 


1810. 

Solomon  Stone. 
Calvin  Farrar. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Abraham  Whitney. 
Daniel  Green. 
Calvin  Farrar. 
Thaddeus  Brown. 
Christopher  Gore,  F.  105. 
Elbridge  Gerry,  D.  17. 


1812. 

Simeon  Woodbury. 

Eber  Rice. 

Solomon  Stone. 

Eber  Rice. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

Thaddeus  Brown. 

Caleb  Strong,  F.  109. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  D.  29. 

William  Phillip,  2. 
Pres.  ( Nath.  Goodwin,  F.  9.3. 
Elec.  i  John  Woodman,  D.  12. 


M. 
T.C. 

S.  M 


T. 
C. 

Gov, 


1813. 

Daniel  Green. 

David  Farrar. 

Daniel  Green. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

William  Monroe. 
T.        Calvin  Farrar. 
C.        Thaddeus  Brown. 
Gov.   Caleb  Strong,  F.  110. 

Joseph  B.  Varnura,  D.  22. 


M. 
T.C. 

S.  M. 


M. 
T.C. 
S.  M. 


T. 
C. 
,Gov. 


1811. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Calvin  Farrar. 
Daniel  Green. 
Eli  Longley. 
Joseph  Pi'att. 
Calvin  Farrar. 
Thaddeus  Brown. 
Christopher  Gore,  F.  84. 
Elbridge  Gerry,  D.  23. 


M. 
T.C. 

S.  M. 


T. 
C. 

Gov. 


1814. 
Daniel  Green. 
David  Farrar. 
William  Monroe. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Abraham  Whitcomb. 
Calvin  Farrar. 
Eli  Longley. 
Caleb  Strong,  F.  111. 
Samuel  Dexter,  D.  28. 


TOWN  OFFICERS,— POLITICAL  RECORD. 


139 


1815. 

1818. 

M. 

Daniel  Green. 

M. 

Daniel  Green. 

T.  C. 

David  Farrar. 

T.  C. 

Eber  Rice. 

S.  M. 

William  Monroe. 

S.  M. 

William  Monroe. 

Solomon  Stone. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

Abraham  Whitcomb. 

Daniel  Green. 

T. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

T. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

C. 

Ebenezer  Jewett. 

C. 

Ebenezer  Jewett. 

Gov. 

Caleb  Strong,  F.  118. 

Gov. 

John  Brooks,  F.  106. 

Samuel  Dexter,  D.  33. 

Benj.Crowninshield,D.19 

1819. 

1816. 

M. 

Solomon  Stone. 

M. 
T.  C. 

S.  M. 

T. 
C. 

Gov. 

Daniel  Green. 
David  Farrar. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Abraham  Whitcomb. 
William  Brown. 
Calvin  Farrar. 
William  Willard. 
Gen.  John  Brooks,  F.  105. 
Samuel  Dexter,  D.  30. 

T.  C. 

S.  M. 

T. 
C. 

Gov. 

Eber  Rice. 
Daniel  Green. 
Samuel  Plummer. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Jonathan  Plummer. 
Theodore  Stone. 
John  Brooks,  F.  78. 
Benj.Crowninshield,D.26 

1820. 

M. 

Solomon  Stone. 

T.  C. 

Daniel  Brown. 

1817. 

S.  M. 

Daniel  Green. 

M. 

Daniel  Green. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T.  C. 

Eber  Rice. 

Peter  Gerry. 

S.  M. 

William  Monroe. 

T. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

C. 

Theodore  Stone. 

Daniel  Green. 

Gov. 

William  King,  D.  86. 

T. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

Ezekiel  Whitman,  F.  61 

C. 

Thaddeus  Brown. 

Scattering,  4. 

Gov. 

John  Brooks,  F.  103. 

Pres. 

(Joshua  Wingate,  jr.,  22, 
\  Wm.  Moody,  22. 

Henry  Dearbourne,  D.  24. 

Elec. 

140  HISTORIC A.L  ADDRESS. 

Representatives  to  the  Massachusetts  Legishiture 
from  Waterford : 


1803. 

Eber  Kice. 

1813. 

Calvin  Farrar, 

1807. 

Eber  Rice. 

1814. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

1809. 

Hannibal  Hamlin. 

1815. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

1810. 

Hannibal  Hamlin. 

1816. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

1811. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

1819. 

Eber  Rice. 

1812. 

Calvin  Farrar. 

The  discussion  of  the  question  of  separation  of  the 
District  of  Maine  from  Massachusetts  commenced  as 
early  as  1785.  Repeated  conventions  were  held  in 
Portland,  which  were  but  thinly  attended.  It  was 
impossible  to  get  more  than  a  third,  sometimes  not 
a  quarter,  of  the  towns  to  send  delegates. 

In  1792  the  question  of  separation  was  submitted 
to  a  popular  vote  in  the  district  with  the  following 
result:  yes,  2074;  no,  2525. 

The  people  of  Lincoln  county  (Lincoln  county 
included  substantially  all  the  country  between  the 
Androscoggin  and  Penobscot),  were  the  most  ardent 
advocates  of  the  change.  From  their  geographical 
position  they  suffered  most  from  the  inconveniences 
incident  to  district  government. 

The  coast  towns  in  York  county  were  bitterly  op- 
posed to  separation.  They  met  in  convention,  and 
voted  to  request  the  state  of  New  Hampshire  to 
take  them  under  its  charge,  if  Massachusetts  would 
not  allow  them  to  stay  annexed  to  her. 


SEPARATION  FROM  MASSACHUSETTS.  141 

In  1797  the  records  of  the  "Supreme  Court"  were 
moved  to  the  counties  to  which  they  appertained, 
and  the  clerks  of  the  counties  were  authorized  to 
authenticate  copies.  This  removed  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal causes  of  opposition  to  district  government,  and 
there  was  no  further  agitation  of  the  question  of 
separation  until  1807,  when  the  district  voted,  yes, 
3,370;  no,  9,404.     Waterford  voted,  yes,  1;  no,  80. 

This  matter  was  allowed  to  rest  until  1815.  The 
subject  was  again  revived,  and  an  organized  effort 
was  made  to  accomplish  the  object.  The  opposition 
to  separation  was  political,  sentimental  and  practical. 
The  state  of  Massachusetts  was  strongly  Federalist  in 
politics.  The  district  of  Maine  was  Democratic,  or 
very  close.  The  Federalists  of  Maine  to  a  very  con- 
siderable extent  preferred  to  be  under  Federal  rather 
than  Democratic  rule,  although  they  had  to  submit 
to  certain  inconveniences.  The  sentimental  objec- 
tion influenced  many.  Massachusetts  was  the  early 
home  of  doubtless  more  than  half  the  men  that 
voted  on  this  question.  Go  back  one  generation 
and  it  was  the  home  of  nine-tenths.  Separation  from 
Massachusetts  meant,  or  seemed  to  mean,  the  sund- 
ering of  a  hundred  ties  which  bound  them  to  the 
past.  The  practical  or  economic  objection  had  some 
weight;  it  undoubtedly  would  make  a  perceptible 
increase  of  taxation. 

The  arguments  in  favor  of  separation  were  obvious. 


142  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

You  can  understand  the  feelings  that  influenced  at 
that  time  the  mass  of  people  in  our  State  by  imagin- 
ing how  you  would  feel  if  the  question  of  di- 
viding this  old  town  was  proposed. 

Societies  were  formed  in  different  places,  public 
meetings  were  held,  and  leading  gentlemen  in  the 
district  made  great  exertions  to  arouse  the  people  to 
favorably  consider  the  subject.  Numerous  petitions 
were  sent  to  the  legislature  requesting  that  the  sub- 
ject might  be  submitted  to  a  popular  vote.  The 
request  was  granted,  and  the  vote  taken,  with  the 
following  result:  yes,  10,393  j  no,  6,501.  Waterford 
voted,  yes,  38  ;  no,  85. 

The  legislature  of  Massachusetts  at  once  passed 
another  act,  regulating  the  principles  on  which  a 
separation  might  take  place,  and  authorized  the  in- 
habitants to  send  delegates  to  meet  in  Brunswick 
the  last  Monday  in  September,  1816.  They  were 
also  required  to  give  their  votes  on  the  question 
whether  it  is  expedient  to  form  the  district  into  an 
independent  state,  which  votes  were  to  be  returned 
to  said  convention  ;  and  if  it  appeared  that  a  majority 
of  five  to  four  of  the  votes  so  returned  were  in  favor 
of  separation,  the  convention  was  to  proceed  to  form 
a  constitution,  and  not  otherwise.  The  vote  stood 
as  follows:  yes,  11,927;  no,  10,539.  Delegates 
were  chosen.  Eber  Rice,  Esq.,  represented  Water- 
ford. 


SEPARATION  FROM  MASSACHUSETTS.  143 

Separation  was  plainly  lost.  But  some  smart  pol- 
iticians construed  this  act  to  mean  not  an  aggregate 
majority  of  five  to  four  of  all  votes  returned,  but  the 
ratio  of  the  majorities  in  the  several  towns  and 
plantations.  This  peculiar  manipulation  of  votes 
was  known  in  political  circles  at  that  time  as  the 
"  Brunswick  arithmetic." 

By  thus  interpreting  the  vote  the  required  ma- 
jority was  obtained,  and  application  was  made  to  the 
legislature  of  Massachusetts  to  sanction  the  sep- 
aration. The  legislature  quietly  cancelled  this 
smartness  by  the  resolve,  "That  the  powers  of  the 
Brunswick  convention  had  ceased,  and  that  it  was 
inexpedient  for  the  present  General  Court  to  adopt 
any  measures  in  regard  to  the  separation  of  the 
District  of  Maine." 

January  18  and  19,  1819,  the  senators  and  repre- 
sentatives from  Maine,  friendly  to  separation,  met 
and  decided  to  urge  their  towns  to  forward  petitions 
in  favor  of  separation,  and  asked  that  the  question 
be  again  submitted  to  a  popular  vote.  In  response, 
the  legislature  passed  an  act  authorizing  the  people 
to  vote  on  this  question  on  the  fourth  Monday  in 
July,  and  if  a  majority  of  fifteen  hundred  was  ob- 
tained in  its  favor,  that  delegates  should  be  chosen 
to  meet  in  Portland  the  second  Monday  in  October, 
1819,  to  frame  a  constitution  for  the  new  state. 
This  act  passed  by  a  large  majority.     The  discussion 


144  HISTOKICAL  ADDKESS. 

throughout  the  state  was  earnest  and  thorough,  and 
resulted  in  a  majority  of  9,959  in  favor  of  separation. 
Waterford  voted,  yes,  42  ;  no,. 52.  This  convention 
met  at  Portland,  Oct.  11,  1819.  Mr.  Josiah  Shaw 
w;as  our  delegate.  The  convention  framed  our 
present  constitution. 

December  7,  1819,  Waterford  voted  to  accept  the 
result  of  the  convention  held  in  Portland.  Yes,  35 ; 
no,  23. 

April  3,  1820,  the  first  election  of  state  officers 
occurred  under  the  new  constitution.  May  31,  of 
the  same  year,  the  first  legislature  convened  at  Port- 
land. 

It  is  evident  that  the  opposition  to  separation 
came  from  Maine  rather  than  Massachusetts.  When- 
ever a  proper  request  was  made  to  gain  the  sanction 
of  the  legislature  to  test  the  matter,  permission  was 
freely  granted,  and  the  final  conditions  of  separation 
were  perfectly  fair. 

TOWN    HISTORY. 

1820 — 1875. 

The  divorcement  of  the  church  from  state  control 
followed  closely  on  the  separation  of  the  district 
from  the  mother  state. 

We  have  seen  that  the  Congregational  was  the 


SEPAKATION  OF  CHUKCH  AND  STATE.  145 

established  church  in  Waterford,  as  it  was  gen- 
erally in  New  England.  At  the  time  of  its  founding 
in  1798  there  was  entire  unanimity  in  the  town  (so 
far  as  the  records  and  traditions  show)  as  to  the 
advisability  of  building  the  meeting-house,  and  hiring 
a  Congregational  minister.  Mr.  Ripley  was  not  the 
unanimous  choice  of  the  people;  but  the  opposition 
to  him  was  on  personal  not  ecclesiastical  grounds. 
During  the  last  of  his  ministry  here,  the  old-time 
christian  harmony  was  rudely  broken,  as  it  was 
throughout  the  state.  The  causes  of  this  I  will 
briefly  state.  Their  bearing  on  each  other  and  rela- 
tive importance  belongs  properly  to  an  eclesiastical 
history. 

1st.  The  activity  of  other  denominations,  especially 
the  Methodist  and  Baptist. 

The  Baptist  denomination  was  quite  strong  in 
Oxford  County  at  this  time.  In  1813  there  were 
thirteen  Baptist  and  only  twelve  Congregational 
ministers  within  the  county  limits.  Naturally,  these 
denominations  did  not  care  to  support  both  their 
own  and  the  Congregational  church.  So  they 
demanded  to  be  released  by  law  from  paying  to  the 
support  of  Congregational  preaching.  A  law  was 
therefore  passed  by  which  any  one  could  avoid  pay- 
ing his  ministerial  tax  by  bringing  a  certificate  from 
some  other  parish  in  town,  stating  that  he  was  a 
member  of  it  -,  as  then  he  was  supposed  to  contribute 


146  HISTORICAL  ADDEESS. 

to  its  support.  Of  course  many  took  advantage  of 
this,  and  joined  other  societies  with  which  they  had 
no  sympatliy,  and  for  whose  support  they  gave  little 
or  nothing. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  one  of  these  certificates 
made  out  in  1805: 


This  certifies  that  is  a  member  of  the  Society  called 

Methodist  in  Waterford. 

Committee  of  the  Society,  \  ' 

(Stephen  Sanderson. 


This  was  the  first  certificate  of  this  kind  that  I  find 
on  the  town  records. 

2d.  The  growth  of  the  Unitarian  and  Universalist 
denominations  and  free-thinkers  throughout  New 
England,  especially  in  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Maine.  Naturally,  persons  holding  these 
views  did  not  care  to  support  Orthodox  Congrega- 
tional preaching. 

3d.  The  feeling  that  the  union  of  church  and 
state,  or,  if  you  prefer,  the  taxation  of  all  to  support 
a  single  church,  was  non-American  ;  was  contrary  to 
the  spirit  if  not  the  letter  of  our  Bill  of  Rights.  This 
view  came  to  be  held  by  the  Congregationalists 
'themselves,  though  at  first  they  stoutly  resisted  it. 

In  1815  the  town,  through  a  committee,  had  asked 
Mr.  Ripley  to  relinquish  a  portion  of  his  salary.  He 
consented,  on  the  condition  that  the  money  relin- 


SEPARATION  OF  CHURCH  AND  STATE.  147 

quished  be  a  nucleus  for  a  fund  for  the  support  of  a 
learned  Cono-refjrational  minister. 

o      o 

The  opposition  to  paying  the  minister  tax  became 
so  bitter  that  the  town  refused  in  1819  to  keep  its 
agreement  with  Mr.  Ripley  longer,  and  voted  not  to 
raise  his  salary.  They  subsequently  reconsidered  this 
vote.  This  action  was  clearly  illegal,  as  the  contract 
could  be  broken  only  by  mutual  consent,  or  by  the 
advice  of  a  council. 

This  year  the  constitutional  convention  met  at 
Portland,  and  framed  a  constitution  for  the  new  state. 
According  to  this,  no  one  could  be  taxed  to  support 
a  minister  save  with  his  consent.  This  consummated 
the  separation  of  church  and  state.  But  the  new  law 
did  not  go  into  effect  until  the  ratification  of  the  con- 
stitution, and  the  town  was  restive;  so  again  in  1820 
they  voted  not  to  raise  Mr.  Ripley's  salary,  and  sent 
to  him  a  committee,  asking  the  terms  upon  which  he 
would  make  a  final  settlement  with  them.  Mr.  Rip- 
ley made  the  following  proposals,  which  were  ac- 
cepted. 

That  the  salary  for  1820  be  paid  in  full ;  that  a 
note  of  hand  for  $250  be  given  him;  that  the  par- 
sonage lands  be  appropriated  according  to  original 
design;  that  his  personal  and  real  estate  be  exempt 
from  taxation  during  his  natural  life,  except  toward 
the  support  of  a  learned  Congregational  minister. 

This  agreement  was  faithfully  kept,  though  twice 


148  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

an  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  at  town-meeting 
to  tax  him.  August  20,  1821,  the  town  voted  to  ex- 
tend a  call  to  Kev.  John  A.  Douglass,  salary  $400. 
The  town  and  church  united  in  this  call. 

Attempts  were  made  by  the  town  authorities  to 
collect  the  minister  tax  in  1821  and  1822.  Many 
refused  to  pay  and  were  arrested.  The  constable 
started  for  Paris  with  one  party.  John  Baker  was 
raising  a  barn  that  day,  so  the  constable's  party  in- 
sisted that  they  ought  to  stop  and  help.  The  consta- 
ble consented ;  the  parties  helped  themselves  so  freely 
to  the  rum  and  other  refreshments  that  the  officer  was 
glad  to  leave  them.  1822,  Mr.  Levi  Brown,  town 
constable,  arrested  (not  to  their  discredit)  Joel  Ather- 
ton,  Henry  Houghton,  George  Bryant,  John  Jewell, 
jr.,  and  others,  and  took  them  to  Paris  for  refusing  to 
pay  the  minister  tax.  At  first  they  decided  to  re- 
fuse to  give  bail  and  stay  in  jail,  but  squire  Howe  of 
Bridgton  advised  them  to  pay  under  protest,  and 
then  sue  the  selectmen.  They  did  this  and  recovered. 
The  selectmen,  to  save  further  prosecutions,  made 
haste  to  refund  taxes  already  paid.  It  was  not  the 
amount  of  the  tax  that  made  it  so  unpopular,  it  was 
the  grim  "  you  must "  of  the  constable. 

Mr.  Ripley  closed  his  labors  in  Waterford,  Novem- 
ber 7,  1821. 

Mr.  Douglass,  his  successor,  is  with  us  to-day  ;  still 
the   honored   senior  pastor  of  the  church,  the  old- 


SEPARATION  OF  CHURCH  AND  STATE.  149 

est  settled  minister  in  the  State ;  he  is  in  the  serenity 
of  his  old  age,  enjoying  the  unshaken  confidence  of 
all. 

In  1822,  I  find  that  parties  left  the  Congregational 
church  without  transferring  their  connection  to  any 
other  society,  by  giving  notice  as  follows : 

"Waterford,  Oct.  1, 1822. 
To  Daniel  Brown,  Clerk  of  Waterf ord : 

This  may  certify  that  I  do  not  wish  to  belong  to  the  1st 
Congregational  Church  and  Society  in  said  town,  or  be  taxed  in 
that  Society.  

Forty-six  left  that  year. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  trace  the  town  con- 
nection with  the  old  meeting-house,  until  its  sale  in 
1843. 

In  1832  the  town  voted  that  the  trustees  of  the 
ministerial  fund  be  directed  to  divide  the  interest  of 
it  amono;  the  several  religious  societies  of  Waterford. 

Each  year  I  find  that  the  town  chose  a  sexton  to 
care  for  the  meeting  house.  This  was  because  it  was 
still  used  as  a  town-house. 

The  growth  of  the  villages  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
town  changed  the  center  of  population,  and  made  the 
meeting-house  hill  seem  steeper  than  ever;  so  the 
town  asked  the  church  in  1841  to  send  a  joint  peti- 
tion to  the  Legislature  to  get  permission  to  sell  the 
old  meeting-house,  and  use  the  proceeds  in  building 
a  town-house  on  the  Flat.     In  1843  the  house  was 


150  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

sold  and  torn  down.     A  part  of  its  timbers  were  used 
in  constructing  the  present  town-house. 

Several  years  before,  in  1836,  the  old  church  de- 
cided to  abandon  its  meeting-house  and  rebuild.     A 
bitter  discussion  now  arose  between  the  north  and 
south  parts  of  the  town  as  to  the  location  of  the  new 
meeting-house.     The  north  part  said  the  center  of 
territory  was  north    of    Davenport    hill,   and   that 
the  major  j^art  of  the  support  of  the  minister  came 
from  the  north  part  of  the  town,  and  declared  that  if 
the  meeting-house  was  moved  south  of  the  old  site, 
they  would  secede,  and  build  a  house  at  the  Jewett 
guide  board,  about  half  a  mile  to  the  east  of  Peter  C. 
Moshier's.     The  question  was  referred  to  a  committee 
from  abroad,  who  located  the  house  part  way  down 
the  hill  from  the  old  location,  toward  the  Flat.     The 
north  demurred.     Then  the  south  part  decided  that 
the  new  church  should  be  located  on  the  Flat,  and 
argued  that  the  valley  road,  then  anticipated,  would 
practically  make  the  new  location  nearer  to  the  north 
part  of  the  town  than  was  the  old. 

A  meeting  was  held  in  the  old  school-house,  that 
formerly  stood  opposite  Daniel  Warren's,  of  all  those 
in  the  north  part  of  the  town  that  were  in  favor  of 
building  a  meeting-house  at  the  Jewett  guide-board. 
The  Chaplins,  Greens,  Warrens,  Jewetts,  Capt.  Thomas 
Kilborn,  Mr.  Henry  Sawin,  the  Hors,  and    others, 


LOCATION  OF  NEW  MEETING-HOUSE.  151 

were  there.  Capt.  Daniel  Green  presided.  There 
was  great  unanimity  and  enthusiasm.  During  the 
debate,  a  young  theological  student,  who  was  doubt- 
ful as  to  the  enterprise,  suggested  to  Dea.  Wilham 
Warren  in  an  undertone,  that,  as  it  seemed  the  house 
was  sure  to  be  built,  it  was  important  that  steps 
should  be  taken  to  call  an  ecclesiastical  council,  and 
be  set  off  and  formed  into  a  new  church ;  then  they 
would  be  regular  and  could  hold  ecclesiastical  rela- 
tions with  the  other  churches ;  while  if  the  new  house 
was  built  without  taking  the  proper  steps,  and  wor- 
ship be  established  there  in  a  way  that  might  seem 
irregular,  they  would  fall  under  censure,  and  fail  to 
get  their  house  dedicated  or  be  organized  into  a 
church,  and  could  not  be  represented  in  the  County 
Conference.  On  the  presumption  that  their  case  was 
right,  it  would  be  safe  and  best  to  proceed  orderly 
and  with  the  sanction  of  the  churches.  The  deacon 
thought  steadily  for  a  few  minutes,  then  rose,  and 
presented  these  as  his  own  views,  and  moved  that 
they  did  not  proceed  till  such  steps  had  been  taken. 
Several  hesitatingly  acquiesced,  and  said  they  were 
too  fast.  At  length  a  leading  man  arose  and  said 
that  if  all  this  had  got  to  be  done  they  might  as  well 
go  home,  and  left  the  house.  Several  followed. 
There  was  a  quandary.  At  length  others  said,  "  it  is 
of  no  use,"  and  departed,  till  at  length  the  moderator 
was  left  alone  with  the  young  student  who  had  made 


152  mSTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 

the  suggestion  to  the  deacon,  and  who  had  lingered 
to  see  the  result  of  the  whole.     The  moderator  turned 

to  him,  and  said,  "  Well, I  guess  we  may  as 

well  go."  This  ended  all  formal  opposition.  Re- 
luctantly and  nobly  the  north  acquiesced  in  the 
proposed  location.  The  valley-road  was  built,  and 
accomplished  all  that  was  claimed  for  it. 

The  present  church  was  built  in  1837. 

In  1862,  the  people  of  North  Waterford,  assisted 
to  some  extent  by  those  of  South  Albany,  built  a 
meeting-house  at  the  Corner  village,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$2600.  The  great  majority  of  the  people  who  built 
this  house  were  Congregationalists.  Irregular  j^reach- 
ing  services  were  held  until  1865.  That  year  a 
church  was  formed,  known  as  the  second  Congre- 
gational church,  consisting  of  about  fifty  members, 
thirty-two  of  whom  were  dismissed  from  the  first 
Congregational  church. 

The  deacons  of  the  first  church  have  been 
John  Nourse,  Ephraim  Chamberlain,  Stephen  Jewett, 
Moses  H.  Treadwell,  William  Warren,  Solomon  Stone, 
Edward  Carlton,  Amos  Gage,  Caleb  Swan,  Samuel 
Warren,  and  William  W.  Kilborne. 

The  deacons  of  the  second  church  have  been 
Jacob  H.  Green,  Samuel  W.  Kilborne,  Perley  W, 
Kilborne,  Samuel  C.  Watson,  and  Isaac  P.  Beckler. 

Rev.  Lincoln  Ripley  was  a  native  of  Barre,  Mass., 


CONGREGATIONAL  MINISTERS.  153 

and  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1796. 
He  was  respected  in  college  for  christian  demeanor 
and  industrious  scholarship.  He  was  rather  below 
medium  stature  and  size.  His  voice  and  countenance 
bespoke  dignity  of  character  and  kindliness  of  feeling. 
His  power  as  a  preacher  was  in  the  line  of  reverent 
reasoning  from  the  scriptures.  He  was  watchful  and 
exemplary  as  a  pastor,  and  loved  the  souls  of  his 
people.  As  a  man  and  christian  he  was  without  guile 
and  above  reproach. 

He  was  settled  in  1799  ;  was  dismissed  in  1821. 
He  survived  his  active  ministry  some  thirty-five 
years.  His  last  days  were  spent  in  the  family 
of  Stephen  Plummer,  under  the  immediate  care  of  his 
devoted  niece,  Miss  Martha  Robinson.  Old  friends 
gladly  ministered  to  his  few  wants,  and  his  days 
were  spent  like  the  apostle  John's,  praying  for  the 
peace  of  his  people.  He  was  constantly  stripping 
himself  to  supply  the  needs  of  others.  Always  dig- 
nified yet  always  amiable,  he  was  a  model  christian 
gentleman. 

Mrs.  Ripley  was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Emerson, 
of  Concord,  Mass.,  and  was  aunt  to  Ralph  Waldo 
Emerson.  She  was  a  lady  of  character  and  intellect, 
and  thoroughly  identified  with  the  interests  of  the 
church  and  people. 

Rev.  John  A.  Douglass  succeeded  Mr.  Ripley 
in  the  ministry  at  Waterford  in  1821.  He  has  now 
11 


154  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

held  the  pastorate  fifty-eight  years.  He  was  a  native 
of  Portland,  Me.,  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in 
1814,  and  studied  theology  with  Rev.  Dr.  Abiel 
Abbott,  of  Beverly,  Mass. 

His  ministry  has  been  noted  for  uniformity  and 
freedom  from  strife.  As  a  preacher  he  was  thought- 
ful, accurate,  and  thoroughly  evangelical.  He  avoided 
extravagances  in  style  and  measures  and  everything 
doubtful  and  erratic  in  sentiment. 

There  were  a  goodly  number  of  additions  to  the 
church  in  1822,  and  an  extensive  revival  in  1831, 
when  the  church  was  nearly  doubled.  In  one  in- 
stance three  generations  united  on  the  same  day, 
son,  mother,  and  grandmother.  Another  revival  was 
enjoyed  in  1840,  another  in  1857.  At  one  time  the 
-church  numbered  over  200  members. 

Mr.  Douglass  still  survives  at  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-six,  enjoying  the  confidence  and  affection  of 
all. 

Mrs.  Douglass,  his  second  wife  (his  first  wife  died 
early),  had  eminent  qualities  of  mind  and  character. 
It  is  impossible  to  measure  her  influence  and  exam- 
ple upon  the  mothers  and  daughters  in  town.  She 
united  quietness  with  energy,  freedom  from  ostenta- 
tion with  great  power  of  influence. 

Rev.  William  W.  Dow  was  a  native  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  and  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  and 
Andover  Seminary.     He  succeeded  Mr.  Douglass  as 


CONGREGATIONAL  MINISTERS.  155 

stated  supply.  He  remained  two  years.  He  proved 
himself  a  man  of  scholarly  tastes,  had  literary  ability, 
and  left  many  friends  in  town. 

Rev.  Andrew  J.  Smith  was  settled  as  colleague- 
pastor  in  1873.  He  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College 
and  Bangor  Seminary.  He  won  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  the  people.  He  was  earnest,  methodical, 
and  argumentative  as  a  preacher,  and  had  much 
mental  acuteness  and  great  moral  excellence.  A  re- 
vival was  enjoyed  in  the  last  year  of  his  ministry. 
He  died  of  consumption  in  1876,  while  pastor  of  the 
church. 

The  ministers  of  North  Waterford  Church  have 
been  Rev.  Joseph  Ky te,  now  in  Buxton ;  Rev.  J.  W. 
H.  Baker,  now  residing  in  New  Sharon,  Me.;  Rev. 
Wellington  Newell,  now  ministering  in  Greenfield, 
Mass. ;  Edwin  Sherburne  (licentiate),  and  Rev.  H.  H. 
Osgood,  the  present  pastor;  neither  of  whom  were 
installed  over  the  church.  Each  had  excellencies 
and  a  measure  of  success.  Revs.  Jona.  Fairbanks, 
Samuel  Gould  and  Isaac  Libby  each  ministered  here 
for  a  short  season. 

The  following  is,  I  think,  a  complete  list  of  min- 
isters raised  up  in  the  Congregational  churches  : 

Rev.  Thomas  T.  Stone,  d.d.,  born  in  1799,  was  son 
of  Dea.  Solomon  Stone,  graduated  from  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege  in   1821;    was  settled  first  in  Andover,  Me., 


156  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

afterward  taught  the  academy  at  North  Bridgton ; 
was  then  settled  in  East  Machias,  Me. ;  afterward  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  the  Unitarian  minstry ;  still  later  in 
Bolton,  same  state,  where  he  now  resides,  in  feeble 
health.  He  also  preached  for  some  time  in  Brooklyn, 
Conn.  He  wrote  essays  on  the  subject  of  peace, 
which  were  republished  in  England.  A  volume  of 
his  sermons  has  excited  attention  for  their  breadth 
and  beauty  of  thought. 

Rev.  Isaac  Knight  had  been  a  farmer  in  town,  but 
left  the  farm  for  study.  He  graduated  from  Bowdoin 
College,  was  settled  in  New  Chester,  N.  H.,  after- 
ward in  Franklin,  same  state ;  on  whose  ministry 
Daniel  Webster,  when  there,  used  to  attend.  He  was 
a  devout  man,  had  singleness  of  purpose  and  w^as 
useful  in  his  work. 

Rev.  Cyrus  Hamlin,  d.d.,  was  the  son  of  Major 
Hannibal  Hamlin;  resided  in  Portland  for  several 
years,  where  he  learned  the  jeweler's  trade,  which  he 
left  for  study.  He  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in 
1834,  and  at  Bangor  Seminary  in  1837. '  That  year 
he  entered  the'  service  of  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  and  embarked 
for  Turkey.  He  married  Henrietta  Jackson,  of  Dorset, 
Vt.,  touching  whom  the  volume  '•  Light  on  the  Dark 
River  "  was  written  by  Mrs.  Lawrence.  Dr.  Hamlin 
resigned  his  connection  with  the  Board  to  take  the 
presidency  of  Robert  college,  Constantinople.      His 


CONGREGATIONAL  MINISTERS.  157 

labors  in  Turkey  as  teacher,  and  founder  of  this 
world-renowned  college,  together  with  his  influence 
in  promoting  christian  education  in  that  empire  and 
the  east,  have  given  him  a  name  throughout  the 
civilized  world.  He  is  now  professor  of  theology  in 
Bangor  Seminary. 

Rev.  William  Warren,  d.d.,  son  of  Major  Samuel 
Warren,  graduated  from  Bowdoin  and  Andover ;  was 
ordained  in  Windham,  Me.,  in  1840,  where  he 
preached  and  taught  till  1849,  when  he  was  installed 
at  Upton,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  till  1856,  when 
he  was  called  to  his  present  service  as  district  secre- 
tary of  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  For- 
eign Missions. 

Samuel  M.  Haskins,  d.d.,  Episcopalian,  is  son  of 
Robert  Haskins,  and  nephew  of  Rev.  Lincoln  Ripley. 
He  entered  the  Episcopal  ministry  some  forty  years 
since  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  has  easily  obtained  an 
honorable  position  in  that  city  as  a  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful minister. 

Rev.  Ezekiel  Cof&n,  Universalist,  was  first  a  teacher, 
and  then  entered  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  con- 
nection with  the  Universalist  denomination.  He  has 
occupied  good  positions,  and  has  won  confidence  by 
earnest  labors,  good  sense  and  habits,  and  wise  meth- 
ods of  working. 

Daniel  Green  is  a  son  of  Thomas  Green,  3rd.  He 
is  at  present  a  student  in  Bangor  Seminary. 


158 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


The  first  mention  I  find  of  the  Universalist  church 
in  the  town  records  is  January  11th,  1820.  Eleven 
persons  that  year  certified  that  they  were  members 
of  a  Universalist  society. 

The  Universalist  society,  according  to  the  church 
records,  was  formed  Nov.  9,  1830.  Forty-six  persons 
signed  the  call. 


The  following  is  the  list  of  names 


Joel  Atherton, 
Crumbie  Atherton, 
Luther  Bisbee, 
Volney  Bisbee, 
Francis  Barker, 
John  Barker, 
Daniel  Billings, 
John  Brown, 
Jabez  Brown, 
Molbory  Brown, 
Samuel  Brown, 
Thaddeus  Brown,  jr., 
Perez  Bryant, 
George  Bryant, 
John  Bryant, 
Orlando  Coolidge, 
Ezekiel  Coffin, 
Stephen  Coffin, 
Josiah  Ellsworth, 
Sprout  Hapgood, 
Oliver  Hapgood, 
Thomas  Hapgood, 


Joseph  Hale, 
Benjamin  Hale, 
Jonathan  Houghton, 
Moses  Houghton, 
Luther  Hamlin, 
William  Hamlin, 
Cyprian  Hobbs, 
James  Jordan, 
Ezra  Jewell, 
Danforth  Jewell, 
■  Sanders  Kimball, 
John  G.  W.  Kimball, 
Sumner  Kimball, 
Eli  Longley, 
Stephen  Longley, 
Samuel  Merrill, 
John  E.  Perkins, 
Joshua  Sawyer, 
Daniel  G.  Swan, 
Daniel  T.  Watson, 
Abram  Whitcomb. 


UNIVERSALIST  MINISTERS.  159 

Nothing  further  than  organization  was  effected 
until  1832,  when  the  society  voted  to  hire  Brown's 
hall  (in  Dr.  Shattuck's  house),  as  a  place  of  meeting. 
Preaching  services  were  held  there  much  of  the 
time  until  1844.  That  year  the  church  now  occu- 
pied by  them  at  the  City  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $1100. 
The  church  was  dedicated  Nov.  26th,  1845.  For 
some  years  after  regular  religious  services  were 
maintained.  In  1867  the  meeting-house  was  sold  to 
Messrs.  Josiah  Monroe,  John  C.  Gerry,  Albert  Stan- 
wood  and  Charles  Young ;  each  pew-owner  receiving 
two  dollars  fifty  cents.  The  church  reserved  the 
right  to  occupy  the  hall,  rent  free,  each  Sunday. 
The  lower  part  of  the  building  is  used  for  school 
purposes,  the  upper  part  as  a  village  hall. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  ministers  in  the  order 
of  their  settlement,  as  nearly  as  can  be  given : 

Benjamin  B.  Murray,  John  L.  Stevens, 

Darius  Forbes,  T.  J.  Tenney, 

Benjamin  Hawkins,  M.  Byram, 

Zenas  Thompson,  Costello  Weston, 

Gurley,  L.  F.  McKenney, 

Edwin  Quimby,  0.  A.  Rounds. 

Bev.  Sylvanus  Cobb  has  preached  here  occasionally. 

This  church  has  sometimes  united  with  Norway  in 
support  of  a  minister.  For  the  last  three  years  it  has 
united  with  the  church  at  Bridgton   Center,    Rev. 


160  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Mr.  Rounds  preaching  half  the  day  at  each  place. 
The  greatest  prosperity  of  the  church  was  about 
1845. 

From  1820  to  1840  the  commercial  activity  of  the 
state  was  very  great,  and  of  necessity  made  a  great 
showing;  for  transportation  in  the  interior, — except 
on  the  Kennebec  and  Penobscot  and  the  Cumberland 
and  Oxford  canal  and  its  connections, — was  entirely 
by  teams.  Travel  was  by  stages  and  private  con- 
veyance, except  as  the  few  steamboats  just  entering 
into  competition  along  the  coast  may  have  interfered. 

Of  course  the  travel,  especially  in  the  western 
half  of  the  state,  was  enormous ;  for  besides  being  the 
more  populous  section,  it  was  the  route  from  upper 
New  Hampshire  and  Vermont  to  the  sea  coast  by 
way  of  the  Saco  or  Androscoggin  valleys. 

Most  farmers  once  and  oftentimes  twice  a  year 
went  to  market;  some  of  western  York  to  Dover, 
N.  H. ;  much  of  York  and  western  Oxford  to  Saco ; 
while  Cumberland,  part  of  York,  and  most  of  Oxford, 
went  to  Portland. 

The  farmers  from  New  Hampshire  (Coos  county) 
and  upper  Vermont  generally  traveled  in  com- 
pany for  mutual  assistance  in  case  of  accidents.  The 
oldest  of  you  can  remember  the  long  line  of  red 
pungs,  the  two,  four,  six,  eight  and  even  ten  horse- 
teams,  that  transported  produce  to  the  coast  towns 


TAVERNS.  161 

and  carried  back  the  West  India  goods  and  liquors, 
which  made  up  the  bulk  of  the  stock  in  trade  of  a 
country  trader  forty  years  ago. 

There  was  a  constant  stream  of  immigration,  as 
well  as  the  business  travel  incident  to  a  population 
of  300,000  people  ;  and  in  certain  seasons  of  the 
year  a  large  number  of  land  speculators,  agents  and 
owners  were  moving  through  the  country  to  attend 
to  their  several  interests. 

Naturally  the  crowds  of  teamsters  and  the  busi- 
ness and  pleasure  travel  demanded  extensive  hotel 
accommodations ;  of  these  in  Waterford  I  will  briefly 
speak. 

Although  Mr.  Longley  was  the  only  man  in  Wat- 
erford who  hung  out  a  sign  until  1817,  he  was  not 
the  only  hotel  keeper  in  town.  Every  man  was 
liable  to  be  called  upon  to  entertain  travelers.  Be- 
side the  stream  of  immigrants  from  Massachusetts 
and  New  Hampshire  which  poured  for  years  into 
Oxford,^  New  Pennycook,"  Peabodys  Patent,'  Bost- 
wicks  Plantation,"*  East  Andover^  and  Cummings 
Purchase,®  there  were  crowds  of  speculators,  land 
agents,  proprietors  and  marketmen  constantly  on  the 

1  Albany. 

2  Rumf ord,    Rumford  was  settled  from  Concord,  N.  H. 

3  Gilead. 
*  Newry. 

5  Andover. 
^  Norway. 


162  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

road.  Moreover,  all  the  immigrants  who  succeeded 
tolerably  well,  made  at  least  one  journey  to  Massa- 
chusetts to  tell  their  friends  of  their  success,  and 
their  friends  in  turn  must  needs  come,  some  of  them, 
to  see  whether  they  told  the  truth.  No  wonder  the 
Massachusetts  boys  of  seventy-five  years  ago,  grind- 
ing a  scanty  living  from  some  sterile  farm,  thought 
Maine  a  paradise,  as  they  saw  riding  home  well- 
mounted  and  well-dressed,  the  brother  who  fifteen 
years  before  had  left  home  with  his  axe,  his  pack 
and  his  mother's  blessing.  Perhaps  the  proudest 
moment  of  my  grandfather's  life  was  when  he  took 
his  bridal  tour  to  Massachusetts  in  1794,  his  wife  and 
himself  mounted  on  his  own  horses.  Poverty  had 
taught  the  immigrants,  years  of  sacrifice  had  taught 
the  traveler,  the  necessity  of  economy,  so  they  let 
the  land  agents,  speculators,  and  proprietors  patronize 
the  hotels,  while  they,  if  possible,  secured  cheaper 
accommodations  at  farm-houses.  They  carried  with 
them  all  the  provisions  they  could  stuff  into  their 
saddle-bags,  if  they  traveled  in  the  fall,  and  big 
boxes  of  provisions  if  in  the  winter.  All  they  re- 
quired was  food  for  their  horses,  a  chance  by  the 
fire,  and  a  bed;  and  some  even  objected  to  paying 
for  the  latter  luxury,  lying  on  the  hay  or  kitchen 
floor  to  save  the  fourpence  that  was  commonly  asked 
by  farmers  for  lodging.  It  was  a  common  sight  in 
those  days  to  see  half  a  score  of  men  sitting  around 


TAVERNS.  163 

the  huge  fire-place  at  a  country  inn,  eating  bread 
and  cheese  from  their  little  boxes,  and  patronizing 
the  hotel  only  to  the  extent  of  a  horse  baiting,  a  bed 
and  a  glass  of  flip. 

My  grandfather  could  have  told  of  one  of  these 
economists  who  came  with  his  daughter  to  his 
house  on  Saturday  and  stayed  till  Monday,  making 
an  aggregate  of  ten  meals  and  four  lodgings,  besides 
the  food  for  his  horse.  As  the  horse  was  brought  to 
the  door  Monday  morning  the  gentleman  turned  to 
my  grandfather  and  asked  him  for  his  bill,  "  Two 
dollars,"  he  replied.  "  I  will  be  obliged  to  you  if  you 
will  take  one,"  answered  the  traveler.  Grandfather 
took  it  and  said  nothing.  Verily  that  was  the  day 
of  small  economies — by  small  men. 

After  the  death  of  Peter  Warren  (who  had  pur- 
chased in  1817  the  old  tavern  of  Eli  Longley),  Domin- 
icus  Frost,  Henry  Houghton,  William  Brown,  and 
George  Kimball  were  proprietors.  In  1847  the 
house  was  converted  into  a  hydropathic  institution 
under  the  care  of  Prof  Calvin  Farrar,  a.m.,  who 
was  followed  by  Dr.  Prescott,  and  he  in  turn  by  Dr. 
Shattuck,  who  now  owns  and  has  charge  of  it.  It  is 
now  known  as  the  Maine  Hygenic  Institute.  It  is 
now  exclusively  a  hospital  for  lady  patients.  The 
treatment  is  eclectic. 

In  1817  William  Morse  opened  and  kept  a  hotel 
in  the  house  now  occupied  by  Mr.  Stanwood.    Calvin 


164  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Danley  some  years  later  kept  a  hotel  in  the  house 
now  occupied  by  Mr.  Charles  Young. 

Two  hotels  were  opened  at  Waterford  City  about 
1820.  The  house  now  kept  by  Luther  Houghton 
was  opened  by  Capt.  Abel  Houghton,  who  was  in 
turn  followed  by  his  son,  Capt.  Luther  Houghton, 
the  present  proprietor. 

About  1825  William  Sawin  converted  the  house 
where  Dr.  Wilson  now  lives  into  a  hotel,  and  kept  it 
for  several  years. 

Oliver  Hale,  about  1856,  rented  the  residence  of 
Elbridge  Gerry,  Esq.,  which  was  converted  into  a 
hotel  styled  the  Lake  House.  His  cousin,  Washing- 
ton Hale,  succeeded  him.  The  house  was  burnt  in 
1871,  and  rebuilt  in  1873  at  a  cost,  with  its  furni- 
ture, of  $10,000.  It  is  now  known  as  the  Waterford 
House,  and  has  been  kept  by  Horace  Maxfield, 
Cyrus  Pluramer,  John  A.  Drew  and  Charles  L. 
Applebee. 

The  Dudley  Brothers  built  a  hotel  known  as  the 
Pine  Grove  House  in  1874,  a  little  way  from  Dud- 
ley's mills.  This  house  was  built  to  accommodate 
summer  company. 

Eben  Jewett,  about  1825,  opened  a  public  house 
at  North  Waterford.  The  house  then  stood  on  the 
old  road  to  Albany — a  hundred  rods  west  of  Farnum 
Jewett's.  It  was  afterward  moved  to  its  present 
location  and  kept  as  a  hotel  by  his  son  Farnum. 


MAIL  ROUTES  AND  STAGES.  165 

Sumner  Stone,  about  the  same  time,  kept  tav- 
ern in  the  house  now  occupied  by  him.  At  that 
time  the  road  by  his  house  was  the  principal  road 
to  Norway. 

Eli  Longley,  jr.,  kept  a  hotel  further  on  at  the 
head  of  McWains  pond. 

About  1850  Peter  C.  Moshier  opened  a  hotel  at 
North  Waterford.  He  was  followed  by  Mr.  Graham, 
who  in  turn  was  followed  by  John  C.  Rice,  the 
present  proprietor.  Philip  Barrows  kept  a  hotel  a 
few  years  where  Mr.  Russell  now  lives. 

Maj.  Samuel  Warren  entertained  travelers  during 
the  first  part  of  the  century.  The  old  Lovell  road 
was  the  route  over  which  the  New  Hampshire  people 
came  who  settled  on  the  Sandy  river  and  at  New 
Penacook  (Rumford). 

Below  Waterford  there  were  numerous  hotels. 
One  at  North  Bridgton,  two  at  Bridgton  Center, 
Chute's  afterward  Church's  at  Naples,  Longley's  at 
Raymond ;  three  at  Windham  —  North  Windham, 
Windham  Hill,  and  Windham  Center  —  and  five  or 
more  in  Portland.  The  Elm  and  American  houses 
were  the  great  stage  taverns.  The  Elm  stood  at  the 
corner  of  Federal  and  Temple  streets;  the  American 
on  Congress  street,  where  Deering  block  now  stands. 

The  policy  of  the  Post  Office  Department  for 
twenty  years  or  more  previous  to  1840,  tended  to 


166  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

build  up  great  stage-lines ;  for  by  law  the  mails  must 
be  carried  in  four-horse  stage  coaches,  and  any  per- 
son who  bid  off  a  mail-route  was  compelled  by 
United  States  law  to  buy  at  fair  appraisal  enough  of 
the  stage  stock  of  the  party  who  had  previously  car- 
ried the  mail  to  fairly  equip  himself.  Of  course  the 
effect  of  this  law  was  to  check  and  in  most  cases 
wholly  to  prevent  opposition,  and  consequently  build 
up  great  stage  companies  on  all  the  principal  lines. 

The  stage-lines  in  western  Maine  in  1835  (I  men- 
tion this  date  because  it  marks  the  time  of  the 
greatest  prosperity  of  staging  in  our  state),  with  two 
exceptions,  centered  in  Portland.  The  Portland 
post-office  was  the  distributing  post-office  for  the 
state,  and  it  was  naturally  the  center  of  all  travel 
from  within  the  state,  and  the  distributing  point  of 
travel  from  without  the  state. 

Mr.  Barnard's  two-horse  passenger  coach,  which 
in  1787^  was  more  than  two  days  in  going  from  Fal- 
mouth-town  to  Portsmouth,  in  1830  had  grown  into 
the  Portland  Stage  Company  —  a  stock  company 
under  the  management  of  Enoch  Paine,  who  was  its 
agent  at  Portland,  and  Alexander  Rice,  who  was  its 
as:ent  at  Portsmouth.  These  men  were  the  sons  of 
the  gentlemen  who  put  on  the  daily  mail-stage  be- 

1  Until  1806  the  only  stage-route  in  Maine  was  between  Portsmouth 
and  Portland.  At  that  date  a  passenger  coach  was  run  to  Augusta,  in 
1810  to  Farmington. 


MAIL  ROUTES  AND  STAGES.  167 

tween  Portland  and  Portsmouth  a  few  years  previous. 
Their  capital  was  about  $100,000.  Their  headquar- 
ters in  Portland  were  at  the  old  Elm  House,  corner 
of  Temple  and  Federal  streets.  Their  stables  were 
where  the  Free-street  block  now  stands.  They  had 
stables  of  their  own  at  Kennebunk,  Saco,  and  Ports- 
mouth. They  owned  three  stage-routes;  that  from 
Portland  to  Portsmouth,  from  Kennebunk  to  Dover, 
and  what  was  known  as  the  back-route  from  Portland 
to  Dover,  N.  H.,  by  way  of  Gorham  and  Alfred.  Of 
course  there  were  connections  at  Portsmouth  for 
Boston  by  the  lower  route  (followed  by  the  Eastern 
railroad  a  few  years  later),  and  from  Dover  to  Bos- 
ton by  the  upper  route,  (afterward  taken  by  the 
Boston  and  Maine  railroad).  From  Portsmouth  to 
Boston  the  stage-line  was  owned  by  the  Eastern 
Stage  Company.  The  Portland  Stage  Company 
owned  two  hundred  or  more  horses;  sleighs  and 
stages  in  proportion.  Between  Portland  and  Ports- 
mouth they  run  two  stages,  a  mail  and  an  accom- 
modation. The  mail-stage,  a  six-seated  coach, 
ran  through  to  Boston  seven  times  a  week,  leaving 
Portland  each  morning  at  five  a.m., — breakfasting  at 
Saco,  dining  at  Portsmouth,  taking  supper  at  Salem, 
and  reaching  Boston  at  eight  p.m.  A  half-hour  was 
allowed  for  each  meal.  Five  sets  of  horses  were 
used  between  Portland  and  Portsmouth,  the  changes 
being  made  at  Saco,  Kennebunk,  Wells,  and  Cape 


168  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Neddick.  Five  sets  were  used  between  Portsmouth 
and  Boston ;  the  changes  were  made  at  Hampton, 
Newburyport,  Ipswich,  and  Salem.  The  stage  was 
on  the  road  thirteen  hours  and  a  half.  The  time 
made  was  eight  miles  an  hour.  Since  1783  the  dis- 
tance from  Boston  to  Portland  had  been  reduced 
to  one  hundred  and  eight  miles  by  straightening  the 
roads.  The  fare  from  Portland  to  Boston  was  $8.00  j 
$4.00  to  Portsmouth. 

The  accommodation  stage,  a  nine  passenger  coach, 
left  Portland  for  Boston  six  times  a  week.  It  break- 
fasted at  Portland,  dined  at  Kennebunk,  spent  the 
night  at  Portsmouth,  dined  the  next  day  at  New- 
buryport, and  reached  Boston  in  time  for  supper. 
This  stage  carried  no  mails.  The  fare  was  $6.00  to 
Boston,  $3.00  to  Portsmouth. 

The  mail-stage  connected  each  day  at  Kennebunk 
with  a  mail-stage  which  run  to  Dover.  Fare  from 
Portland  to  Dover,  $3.00. 

A  mail-stage  run  from  Portland  to  Dover  by  the 
way  of  Gorham  and  Alfred  three  times  a  week.  The 
distance  was  sixty  miles,  fare  $3.00.  This  was 
known  as  the  back  route  to  Boston.  It  was  formerly 
a  part  of  the  Haverhill  Stage  Company  line.  This 
company  was  a  very  extensive  affair,  having  its 
headquarters  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  with  lines  running 
to  Boston,  Concord,  N.  H.,  Lowell,  Newburyport, 
Salem,  and  Dover,  N.  H.,  and  a  capital  of  not  much 


MAIL  ROUTES  AND  STAGES.  169 

less  than  $250,000.  It  was  started  in  1804,  at  first 
between  Haverhill  and  Boston;  the  stage  did  not 
run  to  Dover,  N.  H.,  until  about  1820.  Hiram  Plum- 
mer  of  Haverhill  was  the  agent  in  1835. 

Next  in  size  was  the  Maine  Stage  Company.  They 
owned  all  the  lines  which  run  between  Portland  and 
Augusta,  except  what  was  known  as  the  back  route. 
Its  headquarters  in  Portland  were  at  the  Elm  House, 
owned  and  kept  at  that  time  by  Hale  &  Waterhouse. 
Its  Portland  stables  stood  where  the  Chestnut  street 
school-house  now  stands.  Mr.  S.  T.  Corser,  recently 
superintendent  of  the  A.  and  S.  L.  R.  R,,  was  the  Port- 
land agent.  Their  Brunswick  agent  was  David  Shaw. 
Their  headquarters  at  Augusta  were  at  the  Augusta 
House.  The  Augusta  agent  was  Jabez  Sawin. 
This  company  owned  two  hundred  or  more  horses, 
and  a  proportionate  number  of  sleighs  and  coaches. 
Their  capital  stock  was  $75,000. 

The  mail  from  Portland  east  was  called  the  "great 
eastern  mail."  It  was  a  huge  affair,  sometimes 
weighing  a  ton.  It  was  carried  underneath  the 
driver's  seat  and  in  a  big  box  on  the  rack,  and  some- 
times in  an  extra.  From  Bath  it  was  forwarded  to 
Bangor  by  the  way  of  Wiscasset,  Thomaston,  and 
Belfast;  from  Augusta  to  Bangor  by  way  of  Vassal- 
borough,  China,  and  Dixmont.  Seven  times  a  week 
the  Maine  Stage  Company  sent  this  mail  from  Port- 
land at  six  A.M.  by  a  six-passenger  coach.  The  stage 
12 


170  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

breakfasted  at  Yarmouth,  dined  at  Richmond,  and 
reached  Augusta  at  three  in  the  afternoon.  The 
fare  from  Portland  to  Augusta  was  $4.00;  distance 
sixty  miles. 

The  Maine  Stage  Company  owned  two  other  lines 
between  Portland  and  Augusta,  —  the  Southwest 
Bend  route  and  the  Union  line.  Stages  run  daily, 
except  Sundays,  over  the  Southwest  Bend  route  by 
way  of  Walnut  Hill  (North  Yarmouth),  Pownal, 
Durham,  Lisbon,  Wales,  and  Winthrop.  The  distance 
was  sixty  miles;  the  fare  was  $3.00. 

The  Union  Line  was  a  tri-weekly ;  it  run  through 
Union,  Lisbon  Falls,  Litchfield,  and  Hallowell.  r  The 
distance  was  fifty-six  miles;  the  fare  was  $3.00. 

There  were  numerous  short  lines  of  stages  from 
Portland  to  the  suburban  towns.  These  were  all 
dailies.  One  run  from  Portland  to  Yarmouth,  leav- 
ing Portland  at  five  p.m.,  reaching  Yarmouth  at 
seven.  The  distance  was  twelve  miles ;  the  fare  was 
seventy-five  cents. 

Another  run  from  Portland  to  Brunswick,  leaving 
Portland  at  three  p.m.  The  distance  was  twenty-six 
miles,  fare  $1.50.  This  was  owned  by  the  Maine 
Stage  Company. 

A  third  run  from  Portland  to  Saco,.  leaving  Port- 
land at  five  P.M.  The  distance  was  sixteen  miles, 
fare  $1.00.     This  was  owned  by  the  Portland  Stage 


MAIL  ROUTES  AND  STAGES.  171 

Company.  All  these  short  lines  run  into  Portland 
in  the  morning. 

There  were  two  cross-lines,  so  called,  in  western 
Maine,  ending  at  Augusta. 

The  first  connected  with  the  line  of  stages  which 
run  from  Concord  through  Center  Harbor,  Tamworth, 
and  Conway  to  Fryeburg.  From  Fryeburg  this  line 
run  across  the  country  through  Lovell,  Waterford, 
Paris,  Buckfield,  Turner,  and  Winthrop  to  Augusta. 
The  round  trip  was  made  once  a  week,  if  the  con- 
dition of  the  roads  permitted.  There  was  more 
exercise  per  mile  for  the  horses  by  this  than  perhaps 
by  any  other  route  in  the  western  part  of  the  state, 
for  the  roads  often  sought  the  high  and  steep  hills. 
When  the  driver  left  Fryeburg  in  the  spring  for 
Augusta,  friends  crowded  around  with  tearful  good- 
byes ;  it  was  like  the  parting  scenes  when  a  "banker  " 
leaves  Gloucester  for  the  Georges  in  February. 

The  second  of  the  cross-routes  run  from  Dover, 
N.  H.,  through  Alfred,  Hollis,  Standish,  Windham, 
Gray,  Lewiston,  and  Greene  to  Augusta.  The  east- 
ern end  of  this  line,  from  Gray  to  Augusta,  was 
owned  by  Lewis  Howe;    from  Gray  to  Alfred  by 

George  R.  Kimball  and Whitney ;  from  Alfred 

to  Dover,  N.  H.,  by  Henry  Say  ward  and  Joseph  Emer- 
son. This  route  owned  seventy-five  horses ;  coaches 
and  sleighs  to  correspond. 


172  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

A  daily  stage  connected  with  this  line  at  Gray  for 
Portland,  and  a  tri-weekly  at  Reed's  tavern  Danville 
for  Farmington  by  way  of  Turner,  Livermore,  Jay, 
and  Wilton.  The  distance  from  Danville  to  Farm- 
ington was  forty-five  miles,  the  fare  was  $3.50.  Mr. 
Beedle  owned  this  line. 

A,  stage  run  from  Portland  to  Paris  Hill  by  way  of 
Gray,  New  Gloucester,  Poland,  and  Oxford.  The 
distance  was  fifty  miles,  the  fare  was  $2.50.  This 
line  connected  at  Paris  with  two  tri-weeklies,  one  of 
which  run  through  Woodstock,  Greenwood,  Bethel, 
Gilead,  and  Shelburne  to  Lancaster,  N.  H. ;  the  other 
through  North  Paris  and  Rumford  to  Andover.  The 
Paris  line  was  owned  and  driven  by  Grove  Water- 
house  of  Paris. 

A  stage  run  from  Portland  to  Conway  by  the  way 
of  Baldwin  and  Fryeburg.  The  distance  was  sixty 
miles,  the  fare  was  $3.00.  Connecting  with  this  was 
a  tri-weekly,  which  run  through  the  Notch  to  Lan- 
caster. The  Conway  line  was  owned  and  driven  by 
John  Smith  of  Fryeburg,  more  recently  the  owner 
and  landlord  of  the  Oxford  House  in  that  town. 

The  Paris  and  Conway  stages  were  tri-weeklies. 

About  1812  William,  son  of  Gefteral  Benjamin 
Sawin,  bought  the  mail-route  between  Waterford  and 
Portland.  He  generally  traveled  horseback ;  but  if 
any  one  wished  he  would  carry  them  to  Portland  in 
a  wagon.     In   1815  he  used  a  two-horse  stage   or 


MAIL  ROUTES   AND  STAGES.  173 

wagon  to  carry  occasional  passengers  and  the  mail. 
In  1820  he  used  four  horses  a  part  of  the  time. 
People  came  from  the  back  country — Albany,  Bethel, 
Rumford,  Gilead,  and  Newry  —  to  take  the  stage  for 
Portland. 

The  Waterford  stage  about  1830  passed  into  the 
control  of  Colonel  Scribner  of  Raymond  and  Eliakim 
Maxfield  of  Waterford.  They  run  a  tri-weekly  from 
Waterford  to  Portland  by  way  of  Bridgton,  Ray- 
mond, and  Windham.  The  distance  was  forty-five 
miles,  the  fare  $2.50.  This  line  connected  at  Water- 
ford Flat  with  a  tri-weekly  which  run  through  to 
Bethel  Hill  by  way  of  Hunts  corner,  Albany.  It 
was  then  owned  by  Eliakim  Maxfield  and  Samuel 
Whittier,  landlord  of  the  American  House. 

In  1845,  Col.  Humphrey  Cousins,  a  native  of  Po- 
land, now  of  Gorham,  bought  into  this  line.  It  was 
then  owned  by  Mr.  Maxfield  and  Samuel  Whittier  of 
Portland,  proprietor  of  the  American  House.  It  was 
then  running  a  four-horse  stage  to  Portland  every 
other  day,  and  was  a  very  paying  route.  Mr.  Max- 
field was  a  most  excellent  manager.  A  man  of  the 
highest  business  integrity,  he  was  universally  re- 
spected. The  travel  and  express  business  was  large, 
and  this  company  carried  all  the  mails  between  Port- 
land and  Waterford  on  this  stage-route. 

Col.  Humphrey  Cousins,  then  a  young  man,  was 
the   beau   ideal   of  a   stage-driver;    tall,   courteous. 


174  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

capable,  and  generous  to  a  fault, — while  Mr.  Whit- 
tier  backed  the  company  liberally.  The  company 
were  on  the  high  road  to  fortune  when  the  enter- 
prising men  of  Bridgton  Center,  North  Bridgton, 
and  Harrison  decided  to  make  use  of  the  beautiful 
chain  of  lakes  below  us  which  furnish  a  water-way 
thirty  miles  long.  So  in  1846  under  the  name  of 
the  Sebago  and  Long  Pond  Steam  Navigation 
Company,^  they  decided  to  build  a  little  steamboat 
to  ply  on  these  lakes,  connecting  with  stages  at 
the  one  end  for  Portland,  at  the  other  at  Bridgton 
Center  with  North  Conway,  with  Lovell,  and  at 
Harrison  Flat  with  Waterford  Flat,  North  Water- 
ford,  Albany  Basins,  and  Bethel  Hill.  Maxfield, 
Whittier,  and  Cousins  were  to  take  part  of  the 
stock  and  throw  up  their  stage-route.  The  Steam- 
boat Company  was  to  run  the  stage  from  Harrison 
Flat  to  Bethel  Hill,  and  from  Chadbournes  landing 
to  Portland.  A  private  company^  at  Lovell  village 
was  to  run  a  six-horse  coach  to  Bridgton  Center  con- 

^This  company  bad  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  of  employing  and 
using  steam  power  for  the  purpose  of  navigation  on  Long  and  Sebago 
Ponds  and  intervening  waters,  during  the  term  of  ten  years. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  Steamboat  Company  was  held  at  the  hotel 
of  Almon  Kneeland,  Harrison,  January  11,  18(30.  Geo.  Pierce,  Samuel 
F.  Perley,  and  Eliakim  Maxfield  were  chosen  directors. 

^  This  company  consisted  of  Col.  James  Walker,  Eben  Nutter,  Samuel 
Thoms,  James  Hutchins,  Eliakim  Maxfield,  and  Colonel  Humphrey 
Cousins. 


OPPOSITION  STAGE.  175 

necting  with  the  boat.  Col.  Cousins  was  to  drive 
and  act  as  agent  for  this  stage-Hne  from  Lovell  vil- 
lage to  Bridgton  Center,  then  go  over  the  lake  and 
drive  from  Chadbournes  landing  to  Portland.  All 
these  arrangements  were  made  in  the  spring  of  1846. 
In  1847  Mr.  Friend  came  from  New  York  to 
build  the  boat,  and  it  was  hoped  that  she  would  be 
running  by  September. 

That  summer,  was  put  on  the  famous  opposition 
line  by  George  R.  Kimball  of  Waterford,  and  Richard 
Gage  of  Bridgton  Center.  Mr.  Gage  kept  a  hotel  at 
Bridgton  Center,  opposite  the  Bridgton  House  kept 
by  Mighill  Davis.  The  Waterford  stage  always 
stopped  with  Mr.  Davis ;  Mr.  Gage  naturally  hoped 
to  divert  at  least  a  part  of  the  travel  to  his  hotel. 
The  opposition  hoped  too  to  get  a  share  of  the  travel 
from  Portland  to  the  foot  of  the  lake,  after  the  boat 
was  put  on.  There  was  some  complaint  that  Mr. 
Maxfield  was  a  slow  driver.  Most  of  us  can  testify 
that  there  was  some  truth  in  that  assertion.  The 
story  is  told  that  as  late  in  the  afternoon  Mr.  Max- 
field  was  leisurely  driving  through  Raymond  he 
overtook  a  wag  quite  famous  in  that  country.  The 
old  man  turned  as  the  stage  came  upon  him,  and 
said,  "  Well,  well,  I  am  glad  to  see  you ;  I  heard  that 
you  was  coming."  ''How  did  you  hear?"  said  Max- 
field.     "  Why,"  said  the  old  man,  "  Major just 


176  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

came  along  with  a  drove  of  lambs,  and  said  that  he 
passed  you  back  at  Church's"  (Naples).  Maxfield 
whipped  up  his  horses.     Generally  he  laughed  last. 

One  day  an  old  lady  was  waiting  for  him  at  a 
cross-road  just  below  Bridgton  Center.  She  not  only 
had  a  liberal  amount  of  baggage,  but  a  loom  which 
she  wished  transported  —  for  nothing,  of  course.  It 
was  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  the  traveling  was  ter- 
rible. "  Madam,"  said  Maxfield,  "  I  am  sorry,  but  I 
can't  take  this  loom.  I  have  promised  to  put  on  a 
saw-mill  just  below." 

The  contest  between  the  old  line  and  the  oppo- 
sition was  an  unequal  one.  Nearly  every  man  of 
property  from  the  foot  to  the  head  of  the  ponds  had 
stock  in  the  steamboat  line,  and  so  would  naturally 
support  it ;  besides  the  old  line  had  a  stable  full  of 
horses  and  large  capital.  Previously  the  fare  was 
two  dollars  from  Waterford  Flat  to  Portland ;  it  was 
now  put  down  to  fifty  cents,  and  if  a  party  remon- 
strated at  this  they  were  carried  for  nothing.  The 
whole  country  seemingly  went  to  Portland.  Such 
an  inroad  of  country  cousins  was  never  seen  before ; 
numerous  extras  were  hired.  Often  more  than  a 
hundred  passengers  were  carried.  Each  stage  started 
from  Waterford  as  soon  after  six  as  possible, "  and  got 
to  Portland  before  the  other!"  Unless  the  traveling 
was  very  bad  they  always  reached  Portland  in  time 
for  dinner — one  o'clock. 


OPPOSITION  STAGE.  177 

A  well-known  business  man  who  had  two  boys  at 
North  Bridgton  at  school,  that  were  taking  advantage 
of  the  low  fares  and  coming  home  every  Friday  with 
a  parcel  of  friends  to  spend  Sunday,  came  to  Colonel 
Cousins  at  the  American  House,  full  of  pretended 
anger,  and  demanded  of  him  that  the  fare  should  be 
at  once  restored  to  two  dollars.  He  declared  that 
he  was  eaten  out  of  house  and  home,  and  said  there 
was  nothing  left  in  his  house  but  a  ham-bone  and 
some  salt  fish. 

The  Portland,  Saco  and  Portsmouth  railroad  was 
at  that  time  completed  to  Portland ;  so  Cousins  and 
Kimball  used  to  go  to  the  depot  each  night  to  solicit 
passengers.  One  night  a  lot  of  young  fellows  from 
Albany  and  Waterford  arrived  on  the  train.  Mr. 
Kimball  wanted  to  carry  them  and  said  that  he 
would  get  to  Waterford  first.  Cousins  said  that  if 
he  didn't  get  there  first  he  wouldn't  charge  them 
anything.  The  boys  saw  a  possible  chance  of  saving 
a  half-dollar  each,  so  they  concluded  to  go  with 
Cousins.  At  precisely  seven  Cousins  left  the  Ameri- 
can House  with  a  six-horse  coach,  and  fourteen 
through  passengers.  In  four  hours  and  forty  min- 
utes he  drove  into  the  company's  stable  at  Waterford 
Flat ;  the  distance  was  fifty  miles.  There  were  three 
sets  of  horses  used.  It  is  needless  to  say  the  boys 
had  to  pay  their  fare. 

Of  course  there  was  not  the  best  of  feeling  be- 


178  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

tween  the  rival  drivers.  Occasionally  they  locked 
wheels;  and  once  when  the  four-horse  coach  under- 
took to  head  the  six  which  was  rushing  by,  the  driver 
of  the  six  turned  in  and  struck  the  off  fore  wheel  of 
the  smaller  coach  with  tremendous  force ;  this 
threw  the  pole  around  with  such  power  as  to  knock 
down  the  near  "wheeler,"  and  ended  in  a  general 
wrecking  of  harnesses,  but  fortunately  did  no  other 
damage. 

Perhaps  the  best  time  made  during  the  whole  flight 
was  in  the  winter.  The  roads  were  covered  with 
ice.  There  was  not  a  spot  of  bare  ground  as  big  as 
your  hand  between  Waterford  and  Portland.  The 
old  line  had  just  bought  a  huge  open  four-seat  sleigh. 
There  were  twenty  passengers  aboard.  The  oppo- 
sition was  just  behind ;  the  air  was  sharp  and  bracing, 
and  the  Colonel  let  them  out.  From  the  American 
House  to  Windham  Hill  they  were  just  fifty-five 
minutes.  As  soon  as  they  drove  in  sight  a  mile  below 
the  Hill,  the  stable  boys  rushed  out  with  six  fresh 
horses  who  were  already  harnessed,  and  stood  them 
in  double  line.  The  Colonel  drove  up  between  them. 
Not  a  soul  moved  from  the  sleigh.  Six  eager  loafers 
unfastened  the  tired  horses;  in  a  twinkling  the  fresh 
ones  took  their  places ;  they  were  crazy  to  go.  All 
summer  they  had  been  engaged  in  occasional  brushes 
with  the  opposition,  and  were  as  eager  as  their  driver. 
A  man  stood  at  the  head  of  each  horse.    The  hostler 


STEAMBOAT  ENTERPRISE.  179 

threw  the  reins  to  the  Colonel.  "  Straighten  them 
out,"  said  the  Colonel.  The  stable  boys  started  them 
up  until  the  tugs  drew.  "Let  'em  go,"  said  the 
Colonel,  and  they  were  off  like  a  flash.  They  never 
broke  their  run  until  some  ways  above  Upper 
corner.  North  Windham.  And  you  who  teamed  over 
that  road  thirty  years  ago,  remember  that  it  is  no 
gentle  descent  from  the  Hill  to  the  plain.  The  run 
was  made  from  Windham  Hill  to  Raymond,  eight 
miles,  in  thirty  minutes.  The  opposition  for  that 
day  at  least  was  distanced,  and  the  rest  of  the  trip 
was  taken  more  leisurely.  During  this  year  Max- 
field  drove  a  mail-stage,  and  drove  it  slow.  Timid 
people  rode  with  him.  If  the  Colonel  had  a  severe 
brush  on  one  trip,  Maxfield  the  next  jogged  those 
horses  over  the  route. 

But  to  return  to  the  boat  enterprise.  The  arrange- 
ments made  in  1846  were  completed  and  carried  out 
in  1847.  The  Waterford  Stage  Company,  sold  their 
stage  interest  to  the  Steamboat  Company,  taking 
$1200  in  company  stock  in  part  payment.  In  the 
summer  of  1847  the  Fawn  made  her  first  trip.  Her 
cost  was  over  $8000.  She  was  but  a  little  more 
than  a  portable  steam-engine.  Her  boiler  was  large 
enough  for  a  river  steamer.  A  few  passengers  could 
with  care  be  stowed  away  on  her  bow  and  stern. 
She  made  the  round  trip  three  times  a  week.  The 
old  stage-line  had   a  contract  for  carrying  the  mail 


180  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

wliich  comjDelled  them  to  keep  on  a  mail-stage 
through  the  summers  of  1847  and  1848.  From  No- 
vember until  May  the  stages  run  as  formerly  between 
Waterford  and  Portland.  The  Steamboat  Company 
paid  fairly  for  a  year  or  two ;  but  the  opening  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  railroad  with  its  connecting  stage-lines 
ruined  the  enterprise.  Her  boiler  was  taken  out 
and  sent  to  Moosehead  Lake,  the  hull  was  abandoned. 
The  stockholders  got  back  a  very  small  percentage 
of  their  investment.  Travel  came  now  to  Waterford, 
Bridgton,  and  Harrison  by  the  Grand  Trunk  railroad. 
Mr.  Maxfield  bought  out  the  Fryeburg  and  Paris 
sections  of  the  old  Augusta,  Fryeburg^  and  Concord 
stage-line  of  Mr.  Thomas  S.  Abbott  of  Portland, 
which  he  continued  to  run  until  his  death,  and  which 
his  son  Horace  Maxfield  run  until  the  opening  of  the 
Portland  and  Ogdensburg  railroad.  He  then  sold  the 
part  from  Waterford  Flat  to  Paris  to  John  F.  Rice  of 
North  Waterford,  who  united  it  with  his  line  from 
Paris  to  North  Lovell  (by  way  of  North  Waterford 
and  East  Stoneham),  which  he  had  run  since  about 
1855. 

All  these  stages  in  western  Maine  in  1835  carried 
the  mails,^  except  the  accommodation  stages  between 

1  In  1840  the  Post  Office  Department  changed  its  policy  and  allowed 
what  were  known  as  "  star  bids."  By  the  terms  of  these  a  party 
bidding  off  the  mails  could  carry  them  as  he  pleased.  This  of  course 
tended  to  break  down  the  old  routes. 


'STAGE  ROUTES.  181 

Portland  and  Portsmouth,  and  Portland  and  Augusta. 
They  were  four-horse  coaches,  and  carried  either  six 
or  nine  passengers.  It  was  not  common  in  those 
times  to  carry  passengers  on  the  top  of  the  coach. 

The  stage  companies  always  held  themselves  in 
readiness  to  provide  extra  coaches  and  horses  if 
business  demanded.  During  the  summer  they  often 
dispatched  three  or  four  extra  coaches  (six  seats) 
through  to  Boston  or  Augusta.  Any  one  could  hire 
a  coach  by  paying  $24.00  to  Portsmouth  or  Augusta, 
the  price  of  six  seats,  or  $29.00,  the  price  of  nine 
seats;  double  these  sums  hired  a  coach  through 
to  Boston.  It  was  not  uncommon  for  parties  who 
were  going  through  to  Boston  or  Augusta  together, 
to  travel  "private  freight"  as  it  was  called.  These 
great  companies  also  furnished  a  horse,  chaise,  and 
driver  to  a  single  individual.  The  charge  was  $12.00 
from  Portland  to  Augusta  or  Portsmouth,  $24.00 
through  to  Boston. 

The  introduction  of  steamboats  greatly  injured  the 
coast-lines  of  stages.  These  commenced  to  run  be- 
tween Boston  and  Portland  as  early  as  1823.  In  ten 
years  from  that  time  they  were  running  between  all 
the  prominent  coast-towns  and  along  the  rivers. 
The  Portland  and  Boston  steamboats  made  the  trip 
in  about  the  same  time  as  now.    The  fare  was  $5.00, 

Of  all  this  great  system  of  stage-lines  that  were 
in  their  glory  in  1835,  but  one  remained  in  1850, 


182  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

and  that  was  the  old  White  Mountain  line  from  Port- 
land through  Standish,  Baldwin,  and  Fryeburg  to 
North  Conway ;  and  this  at  last  succumbed  to  the 
Portland  and  Ogdensburg  railroad. 

The  railroads  not  only  superseded  the  stages,  but 
it  will  be  noticed  that  for  the  most  part  they  followed 
in  the  courses  that  these  had  marked  out. 

We  have  seen  that  the  proprietors  of  Bridgton 
early  utilized  the  water-ways  below  us, — Long  and 
Sebago  ponds, — by  granting  to  Jonathan  Kimball  of 
North  Bridgton  a  lot  of  land,  on  condition  that  he 
build  and  run  a  sail-boat  between  the  head  of  the 
pond  and  Standish  for  the  convenience  of  immigrants. 

The  project  of  a  canal  between  Sebago  pond  and 
Saccarappa  was  considered  as  early  as  1791.  Two 
companies  were  formed;  the  one  to  build  this  canal, 
the  other  to  build  a  canal  from  Presumpscot  river 
above  Saccarappa  Falls  to  Fore  river.  The  estimated 
expense  was  $20,000 !  Nothing  came  of  this  project. 
In  1821  another  charter  was  obtained  for  a  canal 
from  Waterford  Flat  to  Fore  river,  under  the  name 
of  the  Cumberland  and  Oxford  Canal.  The  '•  head 
of  the  canal"  (in  anticipation)  was  near  the  town- 
house.  Esquire  Whitman  even  contracted  with  a 
party  for  dumping  a  lot  of  stumps  at  the  "  landing." 

A  lottery  was  granted  the  proprietors  by  which 


CUMBERLAND  AND  OXFORD  CANAL.      183 

they  were  allowed  to  raise  $50,000  to  assist  them.i 
In  1825  the  Canal  Bank  was  incorporated  with  a 
capital  of  $300,000,  on  condition  that  a  quarter  part 
of  its  capital  be  invested  in  the  stock  of  the  Cum- 
berland and  Oxford  Canal.  The  work  was  com- 
menced in  1828  and  finished  in  1830,  at  a  cost  of 
$206,000.  Considerable  stock  was  sold  in  Waterford. 
It  is  needless  to  say  that  it  was  worthless,  except  the 
$75,000  guaranteed  by  the  Canal  Bank. 

The  canal,  until  the  opening  of  the  Atlantic  and 
St.  Lawrence  railroad,  did  a  large  business,  and  was 
a  great  advantage  to  the  people  of  this  section. 

The  canal  interests  were  greatly  injured  by  the 
Atlantic  and  St.  Lawrence  railroad.  The  opening  of 
the  Portland  and  Ogdensburg  railroad  caused  its 
abandonment. 

Heavy  goods  of  all  kinds  were  brought  to  Harrison 
Flat,  North  Bridgton,  and  Bridgton  Center  in  the 
summer,  stored  and  distributed  through  the  back 
country   of  Maine,    Coos  county,   N.  H.,   and  even 

1  Sixty  years  ago  it  was  very  common  in  the  New  England  States  for  a 
town  to  get  legislative  permission  to  organize  a  lottery  to  build  any 
pviblic  w  ork.  In  1784  eleven  lotteries  were  authorized  by  Massachusetts 
to  aid  in  building  bridges,  roads,  mills,  etc.  The  managers  of  these 
lotteries  were  appointed  by  the  state.  Of  course  it  was  an  expensive 
and  demoralizing  way  for  a  community  to  raise  money.  The  custom 
undoubtedly  grew  out  of  the  peculiar  restiveness  under  taxation  of  a 
people  wholly  engaged  in  agriculture.  The  same  unwillingness  to  be 
taxed,  and  the  same  methods  of  avoiding  direct  taxation,  are  in  vogue 
in  the  South  to  day. 


184  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

upper  Vermont,  in  the  winter.  More  than  a  hun- 
dred canal  boats  were  in  use.  The  Blakes  of  Harri- 
son Flat  did  the  largest  business.  "Farmers  Head- 
quarters" was  painted  in  large  letters  along  the  front 
of  their  spacious  store.  They  even  sold  goods  at 
Portland  prices.  Much  of  the  Androscoggin  and 
Coos  teaming  passed  through  Waterford,  making 
business  lively  at  our  hotels. 

I  have  given  you  in  brief  the  growth  of  trans- 
portation facilities  in  western  Maine.  First  the 
rugged  road  which  wound  along  our  coast  in  1783, 
and  crept  a  little  up  the  Saco,  Androscoggin,  and 
Kennebec.  Six  years  later  it  had  reached  Machias. 
As  late  as  1793  there  was  not  a  post-office  in  Maine 
five  miles  from  the  ocean.  Thirteen  years  later  a 
passenger  coach  run  to  Augusta;  seventeen  years 
later  to  Farmington;  twenty  years  later  to  Water- 
ford.  From  this  time  stages  multiplied  until  every 
town  had  regular  communication  with  the  outside 
world.  The  amount  of  property  invested  in  staging 
in  western  Maine  in  1835  could  not  have  been  much 
less  than  $300,000.  The  number  of  miles  of  staging 
was  a  little  more  than  eight  hundred ;  the  daily  run  was 
not  far  from  five  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  The  num- 
ber of  horses  used  was  about  six  hundred.  From 
this,  one  can  estimate  the  number  of  coaches,  sleighs, 
and  sets  of  harnesses  in  use.     No  wonder  that  timid 


SURPLUS  EEVENTJE.  185 

people  prophesied  the  ruin  of  horse  breeders,  coach, 
sleigh,  and  harness  makers,  and  taverns ;  or  as  one  of 
these  croakers  told  Mr.  Niles  (so  long  senior  partner 
in  Niles  &  Co.'s  express  of  Dover,  N.  H.),  then  a  driver 
between  Haverhill  and  Dover, "  When  stages  come  off, 
Niles,  I'll  bet  my  life  I  can  buy  a  horse  for  $2.00." 
Great  pride  was  taken  by  the  stage  companies  in  their 
teams.  The  strings  of  horses  used  on  the  Portland 
or  Augusta  ends  of  the  different  routes  were  care- 
fully selected. 

The  profits  of  staging  from  1820  to  1840  were 
large.  It  is  said  that  the  Portland  Stage  Company 
had  on  its  books  a  vote  passed  during  the  season  of 
its  greatest  prosperity,  that  the  company  should 
never  declare  more  than  twenty-four  per  cent  divi- 
dend. With  the  stages  came  the  canal,  which  worked 
a  great  local  change  in  freighting. 

The  introduction  of  steam  into  Maine  was  to  a 
very  considerable  extent  in  advance  of  the  wants  of 
the  people.  An  agricultural  state,  which  lived  largely 
within  itself,  which  imported  little  and  exported  less, 
no  wonder  that  our  railroads  failed  to  pay.  We  have 
to  a  certain  extent  grown  up  to  them. 

Many  of  you  recall  the  fact  that  there  was  a  sur- 
plus revenue  during  the  administration  of  Jackson. 
Our  democratic  fathers  did  not    know  what  to  do 
with  it,  and  so  distributed  it  among  the  states ;  the 
13 


186  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

states  did  not  know  what  to  do  with  it,  so  they  dis- 
tributed it  among  the  towns,  and  the  towns  by  their 
action  showed  plainly  that  they  were  in  the  same 
predicament.  In  1837  the  town  appointed  a  com- 
mittee consisting  of  Lewis  Jewell,  Sprout  Hapgood, 
and  Levi  Brown  to  take  charge  of  the  surplus  reve- 
nue. They  were  to  lend  it  in  sums  not  exceeding 
one  hundred  dollars  to  any  man  or  company  of  men 
who  would  give  sufficient  security,  and  pay  yearly 
interest  in  advance.  This  interest  was  to  be  appro- 
priated for  the  benefit  of  the  town  schools.  This 
vote  was  not  carried  into  effect;  for  in  1839  the 
town  voted  that  the  selectmen  pay  to  each  individual 
or  his  guardian  the  proportion  of  the  surplus  revenue 
due  them,  which  was  $2.75. 

In  1839  there  was  a  furious  controversy  over  the 
location  of  our  north-east  boundary  line.  "  No  fight 
so  bitter  as  a  land  fight " — whether  waged  between 
neighbors  or  nations,  is  an  Anglo-Saxon  proverb. 
When  as  children  you  read  the  story  of  the  old 
French  war,  you  doubtless  wondered  that  the  scat- 
tered colonists  who  had  barely  scarred  the  shores 
of  the  Atlantic,  should  dare  famine,  Indian  invasion, 
and  death,  to  wrest  from  the  French  the  country  west 
of  the  Alleghanies — five  hundred  miles  away;  and 
with  the  means  of  inter-communication  then  known 
to  them,  more  than  three  hundred  years  distant  from 


EASTERN  BOUNDARY.  187 

general  settlement.  It  was  not  a  blind  avarice,  a 
greed  of  land,  that  made  our  fathers  beggar  them- 
selves to  wrest  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  from  the 
French.  God  made  the  Anglo-Saxon  the  Roman, 
the  civilizer,  of  the  new  world.  He  can  not  help  his 
destiny,  he  ought  not  to  try. 

The  struggle  over  the  northeast-boundary  was  be- 
tween Anglo-Saxons,  and  it  mattered  little  for  civili- 
zation which  way  the  contest  terminated.  Of  course 
we  thought  we  were  right,  and  were  ready  to  fight  for 
our  rights.  The  governor  of  the  state  called  out  ten 
thousand  militia,  a  part  of  whom  rendezvoused  at 
Augusta  during  the  month  of  March.  The  quota 
of  Waterford,  consisting  of  ten  men,  was  united 
with  that  of  Albany,  Sweden,  Lovell,  and  Stowe, 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  David  Haskell  of  Al- 
bany. Colonel  Ripley  of  Paris  was  in  command  of 
the  companies  from  this  county.  The  town  hired 
teams  and  caj^ried  its  men  to  Augusta.  At  a  meet- 
ing a  few  days  after  the  draft  the  town  passed  the 
following  vote : 

"  That  men  drafted,  or  going  into  actual  service,  receive  four 
dollars  a  month  from  the  town,  and  that  those  drafted  hiring 
substitutes  receive  the  amount  that  they  pay  their  substitute, 
provided  that  the  sum  does  not  exceed  four  dollars  a  month." 

The  Waterford  squad  stopped  in  Augusta  at  the 
Eagle  hotel  on  Water  street.  The  people  of  Augusta 
had   reason   to   remember  the  Madawaska  war  for 


188  HISTOKICAL  ADDRESS. 

years.  The  soldiers  drilled  but  occasionally,  and  of 
course  had  a  great  deal  of  idle  time.  They  were 
ununiformed,  so  that  it  was  impossible  to  distinguish 
soldier  from  citizen;  consequently  the  perpetrators 
of  rowdyish  acts  could  not  be  easily  detected.  The 
firmness  and  good  judgment  of  General  Scott,  and 
afterward  of  Mr.  Webster,  probably  averted  the  im- 
pending war.  The  soldiers  returned  home  after  an 
absence  of  six  weeks  or  more. 

There  was  no  change  in  the  local  organization  of 
our  militia  until  1825.  That  year  a  second  cavalry 
company  was  formed  through  the  influence  of  Thomas 
Kilborne,  who  had  trained  in  such  a  company  in  Bos- 
cawen,  N.  H.  Major  Theodore  Stone,  who  had  served 
with  honor  in  the  regular  militia,  was  elected  captain 
as  a  compliment  to  his  military  career.  He  declined 
the  honor,  and  Thomas  Kilborne  was  elected  in  his 
place;  with  Levi  Brown  as  first  lieutenant,  William 
Stone,  cornet.  This  company,  in  connection  with  one 
afterward  formed  in  Bethel,  constituted  a  battalion,  of 
which  Lieutenant  Levi  Brown  was  elected  major ;  but 
in  a  few  years  it  was  disbanded  for  want  of  interest. 
Some  of  the  officers  of  the  Waterford  company 
were,  Jacob  H.  Green,  Oliver  Hale,  jr.,  Cyrus  Hough- 
ton, and  Luther  Houghton,  who  was  the  last  captain. 

Until  about  1830  the  militia  were  well  organized, 
and  there  was  general  interest  in  military  matters. 


THE  MILITIA.  189 

The  growth  of  peace  principles  and  the  temperance 
reform  did  much  to  destroy  popular  interest  in  them. 
There  were  certain  evils  attending  trainings  and 
musters.  At  this  time  the  use  of  liquor  was  unre- 
stricted. Naturally  men  away  from  home,  who  were 
accustomed  to  its  use,  drank  to  excess.  There  was 
considerable  rowdyism  consequent  upon  the  gather- 
ing of  so  many  soldiers  and  outsiders. 

Between  1830  and  1844,  the  date  of  the  disbanding 
of  the  state  militia,  the  whole  thing  had  become  a 
farce.  Incompetent  officers  were  chosen;  the  men 
were  disorderly  or  rowdyish.  As  an  illustration 
of  this,  I  give  the  following  incident  that  occurred 
at  Lovell  village.  Colonel  Hartford,  village  hotel- 
keeper,  ordered  the  Waterford  company  to  be  pres- 
ent at  roll-call  at  five  a.m.  Provoked  at  the  unreas- 
onableness of  this,  they  reached  there  at  four  a.m., 
and  filed  by  his  house.  As  they  passed  by  the  door 
of  the  bar-room,  each  put  the  muzzle  of  his  gun, 
which  was  loaded  with  a  blank  cartridge,  within  a 
few  inches  of  it  and  fired,  the  charge  passing  through 
the  door.  I  do  not  learn  that  the  colonel  dared 
make  any  remonstrance. 

Another  colonel  from  Rumford  received  his  elec- 
tion on  account  of  his  incompetency.  In  a  speech 
which  he  was  obliged  to  make  on  receiving  the  office, 
he  said,  "  I  can't  make  a  speech,  but  what  I  lack  in 
brains  I  will  try  and  make  up  in  rum." 


190  mSTOEICAL  ADDRESS, 

In  1835  I  find  that  sixty-nine  out  of  seventy-eight 
men  were  absent  from  the  roll-call  of  Company  B. 
In  1840  I  find  the  following  entry  in  one  of  the 
company  books :  "  Owing  to  the  extraordinary  skill 
of  the  colonel  the  company  performed  many  won- 
derful military  manoeuvres  through  the  day,  at  the 
close  of  which  the  company  was  dismissed  with  great 
honor.  Joseph  Shaw,  clerk."  This  is  the  last  entry 
made  by  the  clerk  for  company  B,  and  probably 
gives  in  brief  the  story  of  the  last  training :  "  The 
company  met  at  the  time  and  place  appointed,  was 
paraded,  sized,  and  the  roll  called.  A  portion  of  the 
law  was  read  and  various  shameful  scenes  were 
enacted,  at  the  close  of  which  the  company  was  dis- 
missed." 

A  few  figures  showing  the  extent  of  the  military 
resources  of  the  state  in  1820  may  be  of  interest. 
The  organized  militia  consisted  that  year  of  infantry, 
28,397;  cavalry,  1,020.  The  infantry  was  divided 
into  forty-five  regiments.  These  regiments  made  six 
divisions  and  twelve  brigades.  The  cavalry  consisted 
of  one  regiment,  five  battalions,  and  two  unattached 
companies,  commanded  by  one  colonel  and  nine 
majors.  The  artillery  consisted  of  one  regiment, 
eleven  batteries,  and  two  unattached  companies,  com- 
manded by  a  colonel  and  nine  majors.  There  were 
forty-two  companies  of  light  infiintry  and  five  com- 
panies of  riflemen.      The  light  infantry,  cavalry,  and 


TEMPERANCE  REFORM.  191 

artillery  were  equipped  at  their  own  expense.  They 
drilled  more  frequently  and  took  more  pride  in  their 
appearance  than  did  the  infantry.  It  was  estimated 
that  the  value  of  military  stores  in  the  arsenal  was 
$171,292,  and  that  the  arms  and  equipments  of  the 
soldiers  and  officers  were  worth  $243,500.  The 
annual  expense  of  the  militia  to  the  state  was- 
$150,000. 

The  history  of  the  temperance  reform  in  Water- 
ford  is  substantially  the  same  as  in  every  agricultural 
town  in  the  state.  Until  1821  the  use  of  spirit  was 
general,  and  its  sale  was  unrestricted  by  law.  In 
1828  there  were  retailed  in  town  three  thousand  one 
hundred  gallons  of  ardent  spirits,  about  three  gallons 
to  each  inhabitant.  Besides  an  enormous  amount  of 
ardent  spirits,  cider  of  all  grades  of  strength  was  in 
universal  use.  No  cellar  was  properly  stored  with 
winter  supplies  that  did  not  contain  at  least  several 
barrels  of  cider.  This  beverage  was  omnipresent;  a 
pitcher  of  it  stood  on  the  table,  and  a  jug  of  it  went 
regularly  to  the  corn  and  hay  field.  It  was  an  anti- 
dote for  every  pain  and  ill.  Major  Samuel  Warren 
was  a  temperance  man  for  the  times ;  yet  as  late  as 
1825  he  was  accustomed  to  provide  half  a  barrel  of 
New  England  rum  for  haying  and  harvesting.  That 
summer  he  laid  in  one-fourth  the  usual  supply.  His 
sons  displeased  at  this  scanty  provision,  refused  to 


192  HISTOEICAL  ADDRESS. 

drink  any.  To  their  surprise  they  found  themselves 
in  better  condition  at  the  end  of  the  haying  season 
than  on  any  previous  year.  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  spirits  have  never  since  been  brought  on  to  that 
farm. 

In  1821  the  town  imposed  the  first  license  stricture 
on  the  sale  of  spirit.  The  license  fee  was  six  dollars 
and  twenty-five  cents.  Each  storekeeper  in  town 
took  out  a  license  and  sold  liquor  in  quantities  to  suit. 
An  inspection  of  one  of  the  old  accounirbooks  of 
those  days  is  interesting.  My  uncle,  Perly  Warren, 
kept  store  in  the  house  now  occupied  by  Daniel 
Brown,  Esq.  Nearly  every  other  charge  in  his 
account-book  is  for  "  rum."  So  often  did  he  write 
this  word  that  the  charge  was  simply  an  E,  with  a 
straight  line  after  it,  with  a  figure  three  appended — 
the  price  of  a  drink. 

In  1823  the  town  inserted  a  clause  in  the  license 
requiring  the  liquor  to  be  "  spent "  off  the  premises. 
One  year  the  selectmen  made  out  a  list  of  confirmed 
drunkards  and  posted  it  in  every  store.  The  store- 
keepers were  not  allowed  to  sell  to  these.  This  re- 
striction was  of  course  evaded  by  the  drunkards  get- 
ting some  one  to  purchase  for  them.  Afterward  the 
selectmen  instead  of  posting  handed  the  names  of 
these  unfortunates  to  the  sellers. 

In  1831  the  town  voted  sixty-four  to  thirty-three 
not  to  license.     In  1832  the  friends  of  license  rallied 


PHYSICIANS.  193 

and  voted  to  license.  In  1845  the  town  voted  not 
to  license.  In  1858  the  Maine  law  was  submitted  to 
a  popular  vote,  the  town  voting  in  its  favor  eighty- 
nine  to  one.  I  do  not  believe  that  there  is  a  man 
in  this  audience  that  would  have  the  hardihood  to 
say,  that  for  the  last  five  years  there  has  been  drank 
in  the  town  of  Waterford  one  gallon  of  distilled  or 
fermented  liquors,  where  fifty  were  drank  sixty  years 
ago.  Without  regard  to  party  we  are, —  substan- 
tially,—  all  prohibitionists. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  doctors  and  lawyers  who 
came  to  town  between  1820  and  1875.  It  will  be 
borne  in  mind  that  Dr.  Leander  Gage  was  in  success- 
ful practice  here  until  1846. 

Dr.  John  French  was  cotemporary  with  Dr.  Gage. 
He  did  not  remain  long. 

Dr.  Lewis  W.  Houghton,  a  native  of  Waterford, 
followed  him,  and  with  good  success.  He  resided 
where  A.  S.  Kimball,  Esq.,  now  lives.  He  finally 
removed  to  Windham  and  after  many  changes  died 
in  Naples,  Me. 

Dr.  Seth  C.  Hunkins  took  the  place  of  Dr.  Hough- 
ton, (who  took  his  place  in  Windham).  He  remained 
several  years,  then  removed  to  Portland,  where  he 
died  after  service  in  the  war  as  surgeon. 

Drs.  Millett,  Fessenden,  and  Bradbury  practiced 
each  a  short  time  in  town. 


194  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

Dr.  S.  L.  Weston  from  Otisfield  practiced  here  for 
some  time  with  success. 

Dr.  Charles  L.  Wilson,  a  native  of  Newfield,  is  now 
located  on  the  Flat,  and  has  a  large  practice. 

Dr.  Prescott,  hydropathic,  Dr.  Goodenow,  Thom- 
sonian,  practiced  here  for  a  season,  and  perhaps 
others  whose  names  we  have  not  found. 

Dr.  Shattuck  has  long  been  at  the  head  of  the 
Hygienic  Institute,  an  eclectic  establishment,  which 
has  a  large  patronage  and  much  success. 

Before  the  village  had  grown  up  and  given  the 
place  increased  importance,  several  physicians  located 
in  North  Waterford,  but  only  for  a  brief  time, — Drs. 
Gordon,  Osgood  (since  of  North  Yarmouth),  and  J. 
B.  Eastman,  who  afterward  became  a  clergyman. 

The  first  physician  who  settled  in  the  village  was 
Dr.  W.  W.  Greene. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Pike  followed  Dr.  Greene,  but  after  a 
few  years  of  practice  studied  theology  and  went 
into  the  ministry. 

Dr.  Peables  followed  Dr.  Pike.  He  remained  not 
very  long,  but  had  good  success. 

Dr.  N.  D.  Faunce  followed  him.  He  is  now  the 
physician  of  the  place,  and  has  a  large  practice. 

George  F.  Emery  followed  Mr.  Whitman,  who  had 
established  himself  here  about  1817.  He  was  born 
in  Paris,  Me.     He  moved  to  Portland,  became  clerk 


LAWYERS. 


195 


of  the  United  States  District  Court,  and  is  now  con- 
nected with  the  Boston  Post. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  son  of  Peter  Gerry,  was  born  in 
Waterford,  and  commenced  practice  about  1835.  He 
was  member  of  Congress  from  this  District.  A  man 
of  popular  abilities  and  bearing,  he  was  taking  a 
high  place  in  his  profession  when  stricken  down  by 
disease,  which  has  unfitted  him  for  active  business 
for  the  last  twenty-five  years.  He  now  resides 
in  Portland. 

M.  B.  Bartlett,  a  native  of  Bethel,  followed  him. 
He  moved  to  Wyandot,  Kansas;  thence  to  Fort 
Gates,  Florida,  where  he  now  resides. 

Josiah  S.  Hobbs  was  born  in  Lovell.  He  practiced 
both  at  North  Waterford  and  Waterford  Flat.  He 
was  afterward  Register  of  Probate  for  this  county, 
and  is  now  state  librarian. 

James  L.  Haskell  was  a  native  of  Sweden.  He 
practiced  here  but  a  short  time,  and  died  of  con- 
sumption. 

Thomas  J.  Brigham  was  born  in  Buckfield.  After 
living  here  a  short  time  he  moved  back  to  Buckfield, 

A.  S.  Kimball,  a  native  of  Waterford,  commenced 
and  is  still  in  successful  practice  here. 

Nathaniel  Howe  is  the  only  lawyer  who  has  ever 
practiced  at  Waterford  City.  He  moved  here  from 
North  Bridgton  early  in  the  present  century.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  high  distinction.     In  all  relations  he 


196  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

inspired  and  held  the  public  confidence.     He  died  in 
Waterford, 

The  following  is  a  list  of  physicians  and  lawyers 
who  have  gone  from  Waterford. 

Castilla  Hamlin,  son  of  Africa  Hamlin,  practiced 
successfully  for  some  years  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state.  He  afterward  moved  to  Rhode  Island  and 
died  there. 

George  Haskall,  son  of  Samuel  Haskall,  practiced 
medicine  in  Illinois. 

Charles  E.  Carlton,  son  of  deacon  Edward  Carlton, 
practices  in  Norwich,  Conn.  He  is  distinguished  as 
an  occulist. 

Thomas  H.  Gage,  son  of  Dr.  Leander  Gage,  is  in 
practice  at  Worcester,  Mass.  He  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  ablest  physicians  in  his  section. 

William  W.  Greene,  son  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Greene,  com- 
menced practice  at  North  Waterford.  He  has  held 
professorships  in  several  medical  colleges,  and  always 
with  marked  success.  He  is  now  in  large  practice  in 
Portland,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading 
surgeons  in  the  United  States. 

John  A.  Douglass,  son  of  Rev.  John  A.  Douglass, 
and  graduate  of  Bowdoin  college,  has  a  large  and 
successful  practice  in  Amesbury,  Mass. 

William  H.  Horr,  also  son  of  William  Horr,  suc- 
cessfully practices  medicine  at  Salmon  Falls,  N.  II. 


PROFESSIONAL  MEN  RAISED  IN  WATERFORD.       197 

Orrin  A.  Horr,  son  of  William  Horr,  is  in  good 
practice  in  Lewiston,  Me.  Mrs.  Horr,  daughter  of 
William  Kingman,  late  of  Waterford,  is  an  author- 
ized and  useful  physician. 

Jacob  L.  Horr,  son  of  Stephen  Horr,  is  physician 
and  druggist  at  Cumberland  Mills,  Me.,  and  has  a 
good  practice. 

George  L.  Kilgore  was  son  of  Liberty  Kilgore, 
practiced  some  time  in  Windham,  Me.  He  resides 
in  Melrose,  Mass. 

O'Neil  W.  Robinson,  son  of  O'Niel  W.  Robinson, 
practiced  law  in  Bethel,  his  native  town.  He  was 
a  major  in  the  late  war,  and  died  of  disease  con- 
tracted in  the  service. 

Moses  M.  Robinson  (son  of  the  same),  was  captain 
in  the  late  war.  He  now  practices  law  in  New  York 
City.  Both  the  Robinsons  were  graduates  of  Bow- 
doin  college. 

Jonathan  Stone,  son  of  Moses  Stone,  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  West,  and  soon  after  died. 

Hon.  Henry  Carter,  son  of  John  Carter,  merchant, 
practiced  law  in  Bridgton,  afterward  in  Portland, 
during  which  time  he  was  editor  of  Portland  Adver- 
tiser. Later  he  removed  to  Haverhill,  Mass.,  where 
he  has  represented  the  county  in  the  state  senate. 
He  resides  in  Bradford. 

Jacob  L.  Greene,  son  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Greene,  prac- 


198  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

ticed  law  in  the  West,  was  colonel  in  the  army,  and 
is  now  president  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

Albert  Barker,  son  of  Joseph  Barker,  practices  law 
in  Colebrook,  N.  H.;  is  also  editor. 

Thomas  B.  Swan,  son  of  Capt.  Thomas  Swan,  is 
in  a  good  practice  at  Mechanic  Falls. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  jun.,  son  of  Hon.  Elbridge  Gerry, 
is  a  native  of  Waterford,  but  pursued  his  pro- 
fessional studies  after  his  father  left  town,  and  now 
practices  law  in  Portland. 

Edward  Sanderson,  son  of  Col.  John  Sanderson, 
practiced  law  for  a  while^  afterward  became  a  farmer. 

O'Neil  W.  Robinson,  a  native  of  Chatham,  N.  H.,  and 
afterward  trader  in  Bethel  and  Portland,  moved  to 
Waterford  in  1839.  He  was  high  sheriff  of  Oxford 
county  from  1842-1850,  and  state  senator  in  1856. 
He  was  a  large  owner  of  pine  and  spruce  timber  in 
Berlin  and  Milan,  N.  H.  He  devoted  his  attention 
to  the  management  of  this  during  the  last  part  of 
his  life. 

George  M.  Gage,  son  of  Dr.  Leander  Gage,  grad- 
uated from  the  Normal  school  in  Bridgewater,  Mass., 
and  was  for  several  years  the  successful  principal 
of  the  Normal  school  in  Farmington,  Me.  He  has 
since  been  principal  of  the  State  Normal  school  in 
Minnesota. 


AKTEMAS  WARD.  199 

C.  C.  Rounds,  son  of  Capt.  Nathaniel  Rounds,  after 
a  thorough  preparation  as  a  teacher,  was  elected 
principal  at  Farmington,  following  Mr.  Gage.  He 
still  holds  the  position,  in  which  he  has  had  good 
success. 

Stephen  C.  Horr,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College, 
taught  successfully  in  the  West,  but  his  health  failed, 
and  he  died  in  the  midst  of  much  usefulness  in  the 
profession. 

Samuel  F.  Greene,  son  of  Capt.  J.  H.  Greene,  is  a 
successful  teacher  in  the  college  for  mutes  in  Belle- 
ville, Ontario,  Canada. 


Charles  F.  Browne  (Artemas  Ward),  son  of  Levi 
Browne,  has  now  become  a  historic  character.  His 
popularity  abroad  is  even  greater  than  in  his  native 
land.  There  was  genius  in  him,  and  a  genial  nature. 
There  was  neither  malice  in  his  wit,  nor  in  his  heart. 
He  was  unrivaled  in  strange  turns  of  thought,  in  his 
power  of  grotesque  grouping,  in  unlooked-for  hits 
and  sudden  surprises.  He  was  modest  in  this  that  he 
knew  what  he  was,  and  what  he  was  not ;  what  his 
art  was,  and  what  it  was  not.  And  from  the  first 
no  one  was  ever  more  surprised  at  his  success  than 
himself  Think  what  we  may  of  his  wit,  we  cannot 
be  indifferent  to  the  distinction  that  he  gave  his 
native  town. 


200  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

The  first  store  on  Waterford  Flat  was  opened  in 
1802  by  Eli  Longley.  He  was  followed  by  Calvin 
and  Daniel  Farrar  in  company,  Daniel  and  Levi 
Brown  in  company,  Major  Whitman,  Hannibal  Ham- 
lin, Perley  AVarren,  Sprout  Hapgood,  Oliver  Hale,  jr., 
Oliver  Porter,  Livingston  G.  Robinson,  and  Ambrose 
A.  Knight. 

The  first  store  at  the  City  was  kept  by  Oliver  Hale 
and  Robert  Haskins  in  company,  opposite  James  S. 
Grant's,  a  half-mile  below  the  City.  This  store  was 
opened  a  few  years  later  than  that  by  Mr.  Longley. 
They  were  followed  by  Daniel  Brown,  William  Morse, 
William  Willard,  John  Carter,  Oliver  Hapgood,  Mon- 
roe and  Swan,  Messrs.  Nelson,  Noble,  Young  and 
others.  A  store  was  kept  for  some  time  near  the  old 
Methodist  meeting-house.  The  first  storehouse  at 
the  City  was  erected  where  the  post-office  now 
stands,  about  1819. 

There  was  no  village  at  North  Waterford  until 
after  1830.  Fifteen  or  more  years  before,  Samuel 
Page  had  built  a  small  house  a  few  rods  back  of  the 
present  hotel.  With  the  exception  of  perhaps  an  acre 
around  Mr.  Page's  buildings,  a  heavy  growth  of  pine 
covered  the  land  now  occupied  by  the  Corner  village. 
Mr.  Page  owned  a  saw  and  grist-mill  on  the  site  of 
the  present  mills. 

The  increase  of  population  in  "  Bisbee  Town,"  East 


MERCHANTS.  201 

Stoneham  and  Albany,  led  to  the  establishing  of  a 
store  at  North  Waterford.^ 

The  first  traders  at  North  Waterford  (who  kept  in 
a  little  store  directly  opposite  John  B.  Rand's,  right 
in  the  corner  of  the  old  Lovell  and  Albany  roads), 
were  William  Boswell  and  Moses  Young  (who  built 
the  present  hotel,  although  he  used  it  for  a  dwelling- 
house),  Mr.  Whitney  and  William  W.  Green.  A  store 
opposite  was  built  and  occupied  somewhat  later  by 
Milton  Jewett.  He  was  followed  by  John  York, 
John  B.  Rand,  Jewett  and  Rand,  Rand  and  Jewett, 
and  John  B.  Rand,  who  is  the  present  proprietor. 

Mr.  Green,  who  was  a  thorough  business  man  and 
a  public  spirited  citizen,  did  much  to  build  up  the 
Village.  He  died  in  the  prime  of  his  powers  in  1862. 
John  B.  Rand,  native  of  Portland,  a  man  of  great 
energy,  business  tact,  and  public  spirit,  was  contem- 
temporary  with  Mr.  Green.  He  is  still  actively  en- 
gaged in  business  at  the  Corner  village. 

Mr.  Horace  M.  Fiske  is  also  in  successful  trade 
at  North  Waterford,  and  is  the  present  postmaster. 

The  war — its  cost  in  men  and  money,  its  gain  bj 
sacrifice — is  too  fresh  in  your  memories  for  me  to 

^West  Stoneham  was  settled  nearly  as  early  as  Waterford.  East 
Stoueham  was  not  settled  to  any  extent  until  after  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century,  when  the  people  of  Waterford  were  enjoying 
comparative  prosperity.  For  years  these  early  settlers  (Granters  they 
were  called)  made  a  brave  struggle  with  nature  before  they  succeeded 
in  wresting  a  living  from  their  rocky  hills. 
14 


202  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

need  recite  in  detail  the  part  that  the  young  men  of 
Waterford  acted  in  it.  They  did  their  duty  mod- 
estly and  bravely.  Citizen  soldiers  they  were,  sol- 
dier citizens  they  are  to-day,  bringing  into  their 
every-day  life  the  habits  of  obedience  to  authority, 
and  steady  performance  of  duty  which  they  learned 
in  the  camp  and  on  the  field.  Untitled — most  of 
them — their  heroism  is  lost  in  that  mighty  stream  of 
sacrifice  that  buried  the  rebellion. 

Here,  in  these  hill  towns  of  Maine,  are  most  keen- 
ly felt  the  losses  by  the  war.  The  city  must  be  fed, 
and  though  a  pestilence  sweep  it,  in  a  few  months 
none  who  walk  its  crowded  streets  would  notice  a 
trace  of  the  destroyer.  But  the  abandoned  or  half 
cultivated  farms,  the  stricken  parents,  who  feebly, 
almost  aimlessly,  continue  the  daily  rounds  of  irk- 
some duty,  will  for  a  generation  witness  to  the  havoc 
wrought  by  the  southern  rebellion  in  the  farming 
towns  of  New  England.  The  drain  of  war,  the 
subsequent  drain  to  the  city  in  consequence,  were 
the  heaviest  blows  that  Waterford  has  ever  received. 

The  list  ^  of  soldiers  that  I  give  tells  its  own  sad 
story.  Thirty  died  of  wounds  or  disease  contracted 
in  the  service — four  in  confederate  prisons — and  this 
out  of  an  aggregate  of  one  hundred  and  four. 

1  In  this  list  only  men  who  went  from  Waterford  are  given.  The 
town  bought  substitutes  to  some  extent.  It  is  impossible  to  get  an 
accurate  list  of  these. 


SOLDIERS,  1861—1865. 


203 


INFANTRY. 


Names. 


Rank. 

Augustus  E.  Horr,  P. 

J.  Mellen  Webster,  P. 

Andrew  S.  Hapgood,  P. 

Austin  W.  Sylvester,  died  of  disease  in  Port- 
land Oct.  31, 1863,  Corp. 

Albert  B.  Whittier,  P. 

Kapoleon  Adley,  drafted,  P. 

Cyrus  S.  Green,  drafted,  P. 

"William  Eussell,  drafted,  transferred  to 
sharpshooters,  killed  at  Hatchers  Kun 
April,  1865, 

George  H.  Billings, 

Calvin  H.  Horr,  drafted, 

Elbridge  "W.  Whiting,  died  of  disease  Feb. 
28, 1864, 

Henry  H.  Allen, 

George  M.  Knight, 

Lafayette  Seavey, 

Charles  O.  Wood, 

William  K.  Kneeland,  United  States  regular, 

Edwin  Plummer,  died  of  disease  on  board 
transport  August,  1864, 

William  Plummer, 

Samuel  D.  Parker,  captured  Oct.  19,  1864,  at 
Cedar  Creek,  died  in  Salisbury  prison 
Dec.  1, 1864, 

Charles  Billings,  died  at  New  Orleans  of  dis- 
ease September,  1863, 

Moses  M.  Robinson, 

Dexter  B.  Brown,  wounded  at  Port  Hudson, 
discharged  Sept.  22,  1863, 

Melzer  Chadbourne,  discharged  for  disability, 

Lewis  Longley,  died  at  Waterford  of  disease 
contracted  in  service, 

John  Monroe, 


Length 
Co.    Reg.         of 

Service. 

G  1st  3  mos. 
G  1st  3  mos. 
G    1st   3  mos. 

D  7th  3ys. 

I  7th  3ys. 

B  8th  ly. 

B  8th  1  y. 


P. 
P. 
P. 

P. 
P. 
P. 
P. 
P. 
P. 

P. 
P. 


B    8th  ly. 

F    9th  3ys. 

D    9th  ly. 

C    9th  ly. 

G  10th  2  ys. 

10th  2ys. 

G  10th  2  ys. 

A  12th  3  ys. 

B  12th  3  ys. 

C  12th  3  ys. 

C  12th  3  ys. 


C  12th   3  ys. 


P. 

G  12th 

3ys. 

Capt. 

G  12th 

3ys 

Serg. 

G  12th 

3ys. 

Corp. 

G  12th 

3ys. 

P. 

G  12th 

3ys. 

Mus. 

G  12th 

3ys 

204  HISTOKICAL  ADDRESS. 

Length 
Names.  Rank.    Co.    Keg.        of 

Service. 

Hendrick  Smith,   discharged  for    disability 

March  12,  1862,  P.      G  12th    3  ys. 

Almon  Guy  Ward,  discharged  for  disability,  O.  S.  G  12th    3  ys. 

George  L.  Watson,  Corp.  G  12th    3  ys. 

William  W.  Watson,  P.      G  12th    3  ys. 

John  Stevens,  died  in  Sweden,  Me.,  of  dis- 
ease contracted  in  the  service,  P.      G  12th    3  ys. 

Jeremiah  Jordan,  died  of  disease  May  31, 
1864, 

Franklin  B.  Blanchard,  drafted, 

Alonzo  H,  Heath,  drafted, 

George  Page, 

William  A.  Allen,  discharged  for  disability, 
soon  after  died, 

Wesley  A.  Stevens, 

Albion  Poole,  missing  after  action  Sept.  19, 
1864, 

Augustus  E.  Horr, 

George  White, 

Moses  W.  Rand,  died  at  Portland  Dec.  8, 

1862,  of  disease,  Capt.  D  16th    3  ys. 

S.  Harrison  Plummer,  died  at  Waterford 
February,  1864,  of  disease  contracted  in 
the  service,  Capt.  D  16th 

William  B.  Etter,  wounded  at  Fredericks- 
burg, died  Jan.  23, 1863,  Serg.  D  16th 

Timothy   Butters,    taken  prisoner    July  3, 

1864,  died  at  Sahsbury  Kov.  29, 1864,        P.      D  16th 

Jesse  A.  Cross,  discharged  for  disability  Nov. 

24, 1862,  Serg.  D  16th 

Isaac  F.  Jewett,  wounded  at  Fredericksburg, 

transferred  to  V.  R.  C,  Corp.  D  16th 

Laforest  Kimball,  wounded  at  Gettysburg, 

discharged  March  28, 1864,  Corp.  D  16th 

Andrew  Kimball,  P.      D  16th 


P. 

H  13th 

3ys. 

p. 

14th 

ly. 

p. 

D  14th 

ly- 

Corp, 

,  G  14th 

3ys. 

P. 

H  14th 

3ys. 

P. 

H  14th 

3ys. 

P. 

H  14th 

3ys. 

P. 

H  14th 

3ys. 

P. 

14th 

3ys. 

3ys. 

3ys. 

3ys. 

3ys. 

3ys. 

3  ys. 

Sys. 

SOLDIERS,  1861—1865. 


Names.  Rank. 


205 


Co.    Reg. 

Length 
Service. 

D  16th 

3  VS. 

D  16th 

3ys. 

D  16th 

3ys. 

D  16th 

3ys. 

Nathan  S.  Milliken,  P. 

OUver  H.  McKeen,  Wag. 

Dean  A.  Kilgore,  discharged  on  account  of 
disability  March  10, 1868,  P. 

Charles  Plummer,  C.  S. 

Walter  E.  Stone,  died  of  disease  June  18, 

1863,  Serg.  D  16th    3  ys. 

Edward  L.  Hamlin,  wounded  at  Fredericks- 
burg Dec.  13, 1862,  transferred  toV.  R.  C. 

Charles  H.  Stevens,  killed  at  Gettysburg, 

Moody  K.  Stone, 

Isaac  W.  Wood, 

John  M.  Webster,  died  at  Petersburg  July 
11, 1864,  of  disease  contracted  at  Belle 
Isle  prison, 

Orlando  S.  MiUiken,  killed  in  action  May  6, 
1864, 

Thomas  B.  Perkins,  died  of  disease  Sept.  17, 
1864, 

Oren  Lord,  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  died 
Oct.  29,  1863, 

David  Lord, 

William  A.  Allen, 

John  Atherton, 

Albert  P.  Bisbee, 

David  P.  Bisbee, 

Volney  Bisbee,  2d,  died  in  hospital  in  Wash- 
ington Feb.  15, 1863, 

Joseph  Burnell, 

Eli  Cole, 

Elliott  Chase, 

Lewis  F.  Dudley, 

Charles  W.  Danley, 

George  T.  Dresser, 

Henry  Dustin, 


,p- 

D  16th 

3ys. 

p. 

D  16th 

3  ys. 

p. 

D  16th 

3ys. 

p. 

D  16th 

3ys. 

Serg. 

D  16th 

3ys. 

P. 

F  17th 

3ys. 

P. 

F  17th 

3ys. 

P. 

K  17th 

3ys. 

P. 

K  17th 

3ys. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

Corp. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

Serg. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

Serg. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

Mus. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

P. 

K  23d 

9  mos. 

206 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


Names. 


Kank.    Co.    Reg. 


John  L.  M.  Davenport,  P.  K  23d 

Oris  E.  Haskell,  P.  K  23d 

William  Haines,  Wag.  K  23d 

Charles  B.  Harlow,  P.  K  23d 

Edwin  J.  Jordan,  Corp.  K  23d 

James  Libby,  P.  K  23d 

Sewall  P.  Millett,  P.  K  23d 

Alfred  D.  Proctor,  P.  K  23d 

Aaron  Page,  **  P.  K  23d 

Paris  Page,  P.  K  23d 

Wesley  A.  Stevens,  P.  K  23d 

Ora  Seavey,  P.  K  23d 

George  W.  Wood,  P.  K  23d 

Andrew  J.  Woodward,  deserted  1862,  P.  K  23d 

Alvin  T.  Whittier,  P.  K  23d 

Charles  L.  Houghton,  Serg.  K  23d 

Lewis  P.  Stone,  O.  S.  K  23d 

George  A.  Haskell,  died  of  disease  June  17, 

1864,  at  New  Orleans,  P.  G  29th   3  ys. 

George  E.  Hinman,  transferred  to  Veteran 

Eeserve  Corps,  P.  G  29th    3  ys. 

Charles  W.  Danley,  starved  to  death  Jan.  4, 

1864,  at  Danville,  Va.  P.  B  32d     3  ys. 

Zenas  Bisbee,  died  at  Waterford  July  9, 1868, 

of  disease  (Mass.  Eegiment),  P.  G  43d     3  ys. 


Length 

of 
Service. 

9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 
9  mos. 


ARTILLERY. 

Samuel  E.  Cromwell,  captured  June  22, 1864, 

died  in  confederate  prison  Jan.  7, 1865,  Art'r  M 


James  A.  Coffin,  died  March  5, 1864, 

Daniel  Green,  wounded  at  Spotsylvania,  dis- 
charged April  18,  1865, 

Daniel  W.  Kilborne,  mortally  wounded  at 
Spotsylvania  June,  1864, 

William  W.  Kilborne,  wounded  at  Spotsylva- 
nia June,  1864, 

Edwin  Chaplin,  mortally  wounded  at  Spot- 
sylvania June,  1864, 


P.      E 


1st 
1st 


3ys. 
8ys. 


P.  L  1st  3ys. 

P.  L  1st  3ys. 

P.  L  1st  3ys. 

P.  L  Ist  3ys. 


F 

1st 

3ys. 

M 

2d 

3ys. 

M 

2d 

3ys. 

nth  U.  S.  I, 

3ys. 

ly. 

TOWN  DEBT,  1861—1865.  207 

Length 
Names.  Rank.    Co.    Reg.        of 

Service. 

CAVALRY. 

George  H.  Butters,  P.      E    1st   3  ys. 

Melzer  W.  Chadbourne,  P.      M    let    3  ys. 

Lewis  S.  Merrill,  killed  in  battle,  Corp.  F    1st    3  ys. 

Dennis  H.  Merrill,  died  in  Salisbury  prison 

Dec.  29, 1864,  P. 

Daniel  Kay,  died  at  ITew  Orleans  of  disease, 

1864,  P. 

Lafayette  Seavey,  P. 

George  A.  Annis,  killed  at  Gettysburg  July 

3,  1863,  P. 

NAVY. 
Levi  L.  Brown, 
Josiah  Weeks, 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  bounties  voted  and 

expenses  incurred  in  enlisting  men  during  the  war. 

1862.    Amount  voted  16th  Maine  Regiment,  $    800.00 

1862.    Amount  voted  nine  months'  men,  3,000.00 

1864.    Amount  voted  to  twenty-three  men  who  went 

into  service  January,  1864,  with  $90  extra,  7,565.00 

1864.  Aug.  30th,  town  voted  .$100  for  each  year's  service 
to  any  who  would  enlist;  two  men  enlisted, 
one  for  a  year  the  other  for  two.  The  amount 
of  both  bounties  together  with  cost  of  enlisting 
was,  325.00 

1864.  Oct.  10th,  town  voted  to  pay  drafted  men  who 

went  or  furnished  substitutes  $300  each ;  thir- 
teen went  or  furnished  substitutes,  3,900.00 

1865.  Jan.  2d,  town  voted  to  raise  $5,000.00  to  fill  its 

quota  under  call  December,  1864,  5,000.00 

1865.    Feb.  13th,  town  voted  an  additional  sum,  2,200.00 

$22,790.00 
1863—1864,  $4,000  was  assessed. 

Debt  Feb.  13, 1865,  $18,790.00 


208 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


There  is  still  $3,600  of  this  debt  unpaid.  The 
highest  rate  of  taxation  since  the  war  has  been 
three  and  one-half  per  cent. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  town  officials,  the  guber- 
natorial and  presidential  votes,  and  the  representa- 
tives of  Waterford  since  1820.^ 


M. 
T.  C, 

S.  M, 


T. 
C. 

Gov. 


1821. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Eber  Rice. 
Solomon  Stone. 
Peter  Gerry. 
Eber  Eice. 
Jonathan  Plummer. 
William  Willard. 
Albion  K.  Parris,  D.  64. 
Ezekiel  Whitman,  F.  60. 


1822. 
M.       Daniel  Green. 
T.  C.  Daniel  Brown. 
S.  M.  Peter  Gerry. 
Daniel  Green. 


America  Hamlin. 
T.        Charles  Whitman. 
C.        Levi  Brown. 
Gov.    Albion  K.  Parris,  D.  72. 

Ezekiel  Whitman,  F.  51. 

1823. 
M.       Daniel  Green. 
T.  C.  Daniel  Brown. 
S.  M.  Peter  Gerry. 

Daniel  Green. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 
T.        Samuel  Plummer. 
C.        Levi  Brown. 
Gov.    Albion  K.  Parris,  D.  60. 


iln  this  list  of  officials  and  votes  the  following  abbreviations  are 
used:  M.,  Moderator;  T.  C,  Town  Clerk;  S.  M.,  Selectmen;  T., 
Treasurer;  C,  Collector;  D.,  Democrat;  R.,  Repviblican;  W.,  Whig; 
N.  R.,  National  Republican ;  D.  R.,  Democratic  Republican ;  L.,  Liberty ; 
F.  S.,  Free  Soil;  M.  L.,  Maine  Law;  K.  N.,  Know  Nothing.  It  should 
be  borne  in  mind  that  until  1833  the  democratic  party  were  generally 
called  republican ;  I  have  used  in  this  book  the  word  democrat  in- 
stead. The  list  of  town  officials,  gubernatorial  and  presidential  votes, 
and  list  of  representatives,  previous  to  1821,  can  be  found  on  pages 
136,  137, 138,  139,  and  140. 


TOWN  OFFICEKS,  ETC. 


209 


1824. 

1828. 

M. 

William  Muuroe. 

M. 

Dr.  Leamler  Gage. 

T.  C. 

Daniel  Brown. 

T.  C. 

Charles  Whitman. 

S.  M. 

Peter  Gerry. 
Daniel  Green. 
Jonathan  Plummer. 

S.  M. 

Charles  Whitman. 
Lewis  Jewell. 
Daniel  Chaplin. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

C. 

William  Morse. 

C. 

Henry  Houghton. 

Gov. 

Albion  K.  Parris,  D.  82. 

Gov. 

Enoch  Lincoln,  D.  60. 

Scattering,  2. 

Pres. 

(Levi  Hubbard,  151. 

Prea. 

(Thomas  Phillebrown,  45. 

Elec. 

(Dr.  Cornelius  Holland, 

42. 

Elec. 

(James  Campbell,  45. 

1829. 

1825. 

M. 

Dr.  Leander  Gage. 

M. 

William  Munroe. 

T.  C. 

Charles  Whitman. 

T.  C. 

Daniel  Brown. 

S.  M. 

Charles  Whitman. 

S.  M. 

Nathaniel  Howe. 
William  Munroe. 

Lewis  Jewell. 
Daniel  Chaplin. 

Jonathan  Plummer. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

C. 

Henry  Houghton. 

C. 

Oliver  Hale,  jr. 

Gov. 

Jona.  G.  Hunton,  N".  R. 

108. 

Gov. 

Albion  K.  Parris,  D.  108. 
Scattering,  4. 

Sam'l  E.  Smith,  D.  E. 
1830. 

55. 

1826. 

M. 

Dr.  Leander  Gage. 

M. 

Daniel  Green. 

T.  C. 

Charles  Whitman. 

T.  C. 

Charles  Whitman. 

S.  M. 

,  Peter  Gerry. 

S.  M. 

,  Jonathan  Plummer. 
Peter  Gerry. 

Leander  Gage. 
Daniel  Brown. 

Josiah  Farrar. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

C. 

Daniel  Chaplin,  jr. 

C. 

Henry  Houghton. 

Gov. 

Jona.  G.  Hunton,  N.  R.  144. 

Gov. 

Enoch  Lincoln,  F.  69. 

1827. 

Sam'l  E.  Smith,  D.  K. 
1831. 

95. 

M. 

Theodore  Stone. 

M. 

Dr.  Leander  Gage. 

T.  C. 

,  Charles  Whitman. 

T.  C. 

.  Charles  Whitman. 

S.  M, 

,  Jonathan  Plummer. 
Peter  Gerry. 
Charles  Whitman. 

S.  M, 

.  Peter  Gerry. 
Daniel  Brown. 
Lewis  Jewell. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

C. 

Henry  Houghton. 

C. 

Sprout  Hapgood. 

Gov. 

Enoch  Lincoln,  D.  116. 

Gov. 

Dan'l  Goodenow,  N.  E.  108. 

Scattering,  5. 

Sam'l  E.  Smith,  D.  R. 

102. 

210 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


1832. 
M.      Theodore  Stone. 
T.  C.  Charles  Whitman. 
S.  M.  Peter  Gerry. 

Daniel  Brown. 

Lewis  Jewell. 
T.        Samuel  Plummer. 
C.        Sprout  Hapgood. 
Gov.    Dan'l  Goodenow,  N.E.127. 

Sam'l  E.  Smith,  D.Il.106. 
Pres.rLevi  Hubbard,  113. 
Elec.  ( Isaac  Lane,  103. 

1833. 
M.      Lewis  W.  Houghton,M.D. 
T.  C.  Levi  Brown. 
S.  M.  Lewis  Jewell. 

John  Sanderson. 

Jonathan  Hougton. 
T.        Josiah  Atherton. 
C.        Aaron  Sanders. 
Gov.    Daniel  Goodenow,  W.IOO. 

Kobert  P.  Dunlap,  D.89. 

1834. 
M.       Lewis  W.  Houghton,  m.d. 
T.  C.  Levi  Brown. 
S.  M.  Lewis  Jewell. 

Jonathan  Longley. 

Henry  Sawin. 
T.        Josiah  Atherton. 
C.        Moses  Young. 
Gov.    Peleg  Sprague,  W.  128. 

Eobert  P.  Dunlap,  D.  118. 

1835. 
M.       Lewis  W. Houghton,  m.d. 
T.  C.  Levi  Brown. 
S.  M.  Peter  Gerry. 

Nathaniel  Pride. 

Jonathan  Houghton. 


T.        Josiah  Atherton. 
C.        Josiah  Atherton. 
Gov.    Eobert  P.  Dunlap,  W. 
William  King,  D. 

1836. 
M.       Daniel  Brown. 
T.  C.  Levi  Brown. 
S.  M.  Josiah  Atherton. 

Nathaniel  Pride. 

Daniel  Chaplin. 
T.        Josiah  Atherton. 
C.        Thomas  Treadwell. 
Gov.    Eobert  P.  Dunlap,  D.  96. 

Edward  Kent,  W.  86. 
Pres.  f  Joseph  Tobin,  75. 
Elec.  I  Ellis  B.  Usher,  62. 

1837. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  Lewis  W.  Houghton,  m.d- 
S.  M.  Lewis  Jewell. 

Levi  Brown. 

Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Thomas  Treadwell. 
Gov.    Edward  Kent,  W.  112. 

Gorham  Parks,  D.  95. 

1838. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  Lewis  W.  Houghton,  M.D. 
S.  M.  Lewis  Jewell. 

Levi  Brown. 

Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Eowland  H.  Gerry. 
Gov.    Edward  Kent,  W.  147. 

John  Fairfield,  D.  144. 


TOWN  OFFICERS,  ETC. 


211 


1839. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  Lewis  W.  Houghton,M.D. 
S,  M.  Levi  Brown. 

Sprout  Hapgood. 

Luther  Bisbee. 
T.  Daniel  Brown. 
C.  Moses  Young, 
Gov.    John  Fairfield,  D.  128. 

Edward  Kent,  W.  127. 

1840. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  Lewis  W.  Houghton,M.D. 
S.  M.  Levi  Brown. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

Eli  Longley. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Moses  Young. 
Gov.    Edward  Kent,  W.  156. 

John  Eairfield,  D.  124. 
Pres.  (Isaac  Hsley,  160. 
E lee.  (Jonathan  P.  Eodgers,134. 

1841. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  Lewis  W.  Houghton,M.D. 
S.  M.  Sprout  Hapgood. 

Josiah  Munroe. 

Jonathan  Houghton. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Lewis  M.  Perry. 

1842. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  Elbridge  Gerry. 
S.  M.  Sprout  Hapgood. 

Josiah  Munroe. 

Jonathan  Houghton. 
T.       Daniel  Brown. 


C.        Thomas  Perry. 

Gov.    John  Fairfield,  D.  123. 

Edward  Robinson,  W.  36. 

James  Appleton,  L.  42. 

1843. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  John  C.  Gerry. 
S.  M.  Samuel  Plummet. 

Samuel  Dudley. 

Edward  R.  Morse. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Augustus  G.  Wilkins. 
Gov.    Hugh  J.  Anderson,  D.  101. 

Edward  Robinson,  W.  48. 

James  Appleton,  L.  48. 

1844. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  John  C.  Gerry. 
S.  M.  Josiah  Munroe. 

Samuel  Dudley. 

Thomas  Perry. 
T.        Sprout  Hapgood. 
C.        Chaplin  Nelson. 
Gov.    Hugh  J.  Anderson,  D.  141. 

Edward  Robinson,  W.  78. 

James  Appleton,  L.  41. 

1845. 
M.       Sprout  Hapgood. 
T.  C.  John  C.  Gerry. 
S.  M.  Levi  Brown. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

Joseph  Shaw. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Charles  A.  Ford. 
Gov.    Hugh  J.  Anderson,  D.  99. 

Freeman  H.  Morse,  W.  48. 

Samuel  Fessenden,  L.  40. 


212 


HISTORICAL  ADDEESS. 


1846. 

S.  M 

.  Josiah  Munroe. 

M. 

Sprout  Hapgood. 

Daniel  Chaplin. 

T.  C 

.  John  C.  Gerry. 

Daniel  Plummer. 

S.  M 

.  Joseph  Shaw. 

T. 

Edward  Carleton. 

John  Sanderson. 

C. 

John  Holt. 

David  Bisbee. 

Gov. 

John  Hubbard,  D.  117. 

T. 

Edward  Carleton. 

George  F.  Talbot,  "W.  60. 

C. 

Charles  A.  Ford. 

Gov. 

John  W.  Dana,  D.  102. 

David  Beounson,  "W.  50. 

1850. 

Samuel  Fessenden,  L,70. 

M. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

1847. 

T.  C 

.  Edward  Carleton. 

M. 

Elbridge  Gerry. 

S.  M. 

,  Lewis  W.  Houghton,  m.d. 

T.  C. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

S.  M, 

J 

,  Daniel  Chaplin. 

Thomas  Sawin. 

Thomas  Sawin. 

T. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

Thomas  Swan. 

C. 

John  Holt. 

T. 

Edward  Carleton. 

Gov. 

John  Hubbard,  D.  113. 

C. 

John  Holt. 

William  G.  Crosby,  TV.  53. 

Gov. 

J.  W.  Dana,  D.  91. 
David  Beounson,  W.  34. 

George  F.  Talbot,  F.  S.  47, 

Samuel  Fessenden,  L.  58. 

1851. 

M. 

1848. 
Oneil  W.  Eobinson. 

M. 
T.  C. 

Joseph  Shaw. 
Edward  Carleton. 

T.  C. 

J.  C.  Gerry. 

S.M. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

S.  M. 

Josiah  Munroe. 

Thomas  Sawin. 

Daniel  Chaplin. 

Daniel  Plummer. 

Daniel  Plummer. 

T. 

Daniel  Brown. 

T. 

Edward  Carleton. 

C. 

Charles  A.  Ford. 

C. 

John  Holt. 

Gov. 

J.  W.  Dana,  D.  132. 

Elijah  Hamlin,  W.  61. 

1852. 

Pres. 

Samuel  Fessenden,  L.62. 
[Joseph  Adams,  64. 

M. 
T.  C. 

Elbridge  Gerry. 
John  C.  Gerry. 
Joseph  Shaw. 
Thomas  Sawin. 

Elec. 

-  Kufus  Mclntire,  117. 
Charles  S.  Davis,  38. 

S.M. 

1849. 

M.  Sanderson. 

M. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

T. 

Oneil  "W.  Robinson. 

T.  C. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

C. 

Charles  A.  Ford. 

TOWN  OFFICERS,   ETC. 


213 


1853. 
M.       Joseph  Shaw. 
T.  C.  JohnC.  Gerry., 
S.  M.  Joseph  Shaw. 

Samnel  Plummer. 

Amos  Saunders. 
T.        Josiah  Munroe. 
C.        Stephen  Lovejoy. 
Gov.    Albert  Pillsbury,  D.  129. 

William  G.  Crosby,W.  56. 

Anson  P.  Morrill,  M.L.  20. 

Ezekiel  Holmes,  Y.  S.  48. 

1854. 
M.       M.  B.  Bartlett,  Esq. 
T.  C.  Josiah  Munroe. 
S.  M.  Josiah  Munroe. 

David  Bisbee. 

Stephen  Lovejoy. 
T.        Oneil  W.  Robinson. 
C.        Moses  Young. 
Gov.    Albion  K.  Parris,D.  149. 

Anson  P.  Morrill,  M.  L. 
and  K.  N.  110. 

Isaac  Eeed,  W.  14. 

1855. 
M.       Josiah  Munroe. 
T.  C.  Edward  Carleton. 
S.  M.  David  Bisbee. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

Charles  Baker. 
T.        Daniel  Plummer. 
C.        Stephen  Lovejoy. 
Gov.    Samuel  Wells,  D.  179. 

A.  P.  Morrill,  E,  123. 

Isaac  Reed,  W.  6. 

1856. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  Josiah  Munroe. 


S.  M.  David  Bisbee. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

John  B.  Sanderson. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Stephen  Lovejoy. 
Gov.    Hannibal  Hamlin,  R.  162. 

Samuel  Wells,  D.  150. 

Noah  Smith,  jr.,  162. 
Pres.  (William  P.  Haynes,  150. 
Elec.  ( Scattering,  8. 

1857. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  S.  L.  Weston. 
S.  M.  Josiah  Munroe. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

Thomas  Sawin. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Stephen  Lovejoy. 
Gov.    M.  H.  Smith,  D.  163. 

Lot  M.  Morrill,  R.  158. 

1858. 
M.       Joseph  Shaw. 
T.  C.  S.  L.  Weston. 
S.  M.  Daniel  Plummer. 

Samuel  Warren. 

Eliakim  Maxfield. 
T.  Emerson  Wilkins. 
C.  Stephen  Lovejoy. 
Gov.    Lot  M.  Morrill,  R.  170. 

M.  H.  Smith,  D.  166. 

1859. 
M.       Joseph  Shaw. 
T.  C.  S.  L.  Weston. 
S.  M.  Daniel  Plummer. 

Joseph  Shaw. 

John  A.  Green. 
T.        Emerson  Wilkins. 
C.        Stephen  Lovejoy. 
Gov.    M.  H.  Smith,  D.  159. 

Lot  M.  Morrill,  R.  159. 


214 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


1860. 
M.  Joseph  Shaw. 
T.  C.  D.  W.  Nohle. 
S.  M.  Samuel  Plummer. 

John  B.  Kand. 

Marshal  Sanderson. 
T.        Oneil  W.  Eobinson. 
C.        James  W.  Fogg. 
Gov.    E.  K  Smart,  D.  183. 

I.  Washburn,  jr.,  E.  177. 
Pres.  (William  Willis,  R.  155. 
Elec.  j  William  P.  Haines,D.  140, 

1861. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  D.  W.  Koble. 
S.  M.  Samuel  Plummer. 

John  B.  Rand. 

Marshal  Sanderson. 
T.        D.  W.  Noble. 
C.        James  W.  Fogg. 
Gov.    I.  Washburn,  jr.,  R.  141. 

John  W.  Dana,  D.  115. 

C.  D.  Jameson,  W.D.  67. 

1862. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  Charles  Young. 
S.  M.  John  B.  Rand. 

John  B.  Sanderson. 

Marshal  Sanderson. 
T.        Daniel  Brown,  2d. 
C.        John  Holt. 
Gov.    Bion  Bradbury,  D.  156. 

Abner  Coburn,  R.  135. 

1863. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  D.  W.  Noble. 
S.  M.  John  B.  Rand. 

David  Bisbee. 

Samuel  Plummer. 


T.       Daniel  Brown. 
C.        John  Holt. 
Gov.    Bion  Bradbury,  D.  169. 
Samuel  Cony,  R.  157. 


1864. 

M. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

T.  C. 

D.  W.  Noble. 

S.  M. 

John  B.  Rand. 

David  Bisbee. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T. 

Daniel  Brown. 

C. 

David  T.  Hapgood. 

Gov. 

Joseph  Howard,  D.  172. 

Samuel  Cony,  R.  136. 

Pres. 

(W.  P.  Haynes,  D.  169. 
|j.  B.  Brown,  R.  129. 

Elec. 

1865. 

M. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

T.  C. 

D.  W.  Noble. 

S.M. 

John  B.  Pond. 

Daniel  Bisbee. 

Samuel  Plummer. 

T. 

Daniel  Brown. 

C. 

David  T.  Hapgood. 

Gov. 

Joseph  Howard,  D.  158. 

Samuel  Cony,  R.  124. 

1866. 
M.       John  C.  Gerry. 
T.  C.  Daniel  W.  Noble. 
S.  M.  John  B.  Rand. 

Josiah  Munroe. 

Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
T.        Daniel  Brown. 
C.        Samuel  S.  Hersey. 
Gov.    Eben  F.  Pillsbury,  D.  159. 

J.  L.  Chamberlain,  R.  142. 


TOWN  OFFICERS,  ETC. 


215 


1867. 

T. 

M. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

C. 

T.  C. 

Daniel  W.  Noble. 

Gov. 

S.  M. 

John  B.  Kand. 
Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
Charles  Young. 

T. 

Daniel  Brown. 

M. 

C. 

Sanders  Kimball. 

T.  C. 

Gov. 

Eben  F.  Pillsbury,D. 

160. 

S.  M. 

J.  L.  Chamberlain,R. 

123. 

1868. 

T. 
C. 

M. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

T.  C. 

Charles  L.  Wilson. 

S.  M. 

John  B.  Rand. 

Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
Charles  Young. 

Gov. 

T. 

Daniel  Brown. 

C. 

John  F.  Shedd. 

M. 

Gov. 

Eben  F.  Pillsbury,D. 

194. 

T.  C. 

J.  L.  Chamberlain,R. 

137 

,  S.  M. 

Pres. 

( Philip  Eastman,  68. 

Elec. 

( George  L.  Beal,  128. 

T. 
C. 

1869. 

M. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

Gov. 

T.  C. 

,  Charles  L.  Wilson. 

S.  M, 

,  Alfred  S.  Kimball. 

Pres. 

Charles  Young. 

Elec. 

John  F.  Shedd. 

T. 

Daniel  Brown. 

C. 

Samuel  S.  Hersey. 

M. 

Gov. 

Franklin  Smith,  D.  161. 

T.  C. 

J.  L.  Chamberlain, R 

.  loe 

'■  S.  M, 

Nathan  G.  Hichborn 

,3. 

1870. 

M. 

John  C.  Gerry. 

T. 

T.  C 

.  Charles  L,  Wilson. 

c. 

S.  M 

;.  Charles  Young. 
George  Knight. 
Waldo  T.  Brown. 

Gov. 

Daniel  Brown. 
Samuel  S.  Hersey. 
Chas.  W.  Roberts,  D.  172. 
Sidney  Perham,  R.  112. 

1871. 
John  C.  Gerry. 
Charles  L.  Wilson. 
John  C.  Gerry. 
Waldo  T.  Brown. 
Thomas  H.  Sawin. 
Daniel  Brown. 
David  F.  Hapgood. 
Charles  P.  Kimball,  D.  177. 
Sidney  Perham,  R.  108. 

1872. 
Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
Charles  L.  Wilson. 
Waldo  T.  Brown. 
Benjamin  Tucker,  jr. 
Daniel  S.  Hapgood. 
Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
William  Douglass. 
Charles  P.  Kimball,  D.  202, 
Sidney  Perham,  R.  108. 
(  William  H.  Simpson,  105, 
I  Samuel  S.  Spring,  100. 

1873. 
Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
Charles  L.  Wilson. 
,  Benjamin  Tucker,  jr. 
Henry  A.  Jewett. 
Justine  Mclntire. 
Alfred  S.  Kimball. 
William  Douglass. 
Joseph  Titcomb,  D.  179. 
Joseph  WilUams,  I.  4. 
Nelson  Dingley,  jr.,  R.  103. 


216 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


1874. 

1875. 

M. 

Alfred  S.  Kimball. 

M. 

Alfred  S.  Kimball. 

T.  C. 

Charles  L.  Wilson. 

T.  C. 

Charles  L.  Wilson. 

S.  M. 

Benjamin  Tucker,  jr. 

S.M. 

John  B.  Band. 

Samuel  Warren. 

Daniel  Brown. 

Justine  E.  Mclntire. 

John  E.  Swan. 

T. 

Alfred  S.  Kimball. 

T. 

Alfred  S.  Kimball. 

C. 

William  Douglass. 

C. 

William  Douglass. 

Gov. 

Joseph  Titcomb,  D.  150. 

Gov. 

Charles  W.  Boberts,  D.  197. 

Nelson  Dingley,  jr.,  R.99 

Selden  Connor,  B. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  men  who  have  rep- 
resented Waterford,  and  the  towns  with  which  it  is 
classed,  in  the  Maine  Legislature. 


1820. 

Josiah  Shaw, 

D.  B. 

Waterford. 

1821. 

Josiah  Shaw, 

D.  R. 

Waterford. 

1822. 

Josiah  Shaw, 

D.  R. 

Waterford. 

1823. 

Philip  C.  Johnson, 

D.N. 

R. 

Lovell. 

1824. 

Daniel  Brown, 

N.  R. 

Waterford. 

1825. 

Benjamin  Webber, 

F.  N. 

R. 

Sweden. 

1826. 

Eleazer  Hamlin, 

F.N. 

R. 

Waterford. 

1827. 

Stephen  Heald, 

F.N. 

R. 

Lovell. 

1828. 

Eleazer  Hamlin, 

F.  N. 

R. 

Waterford. 

1829. 

Benjamin  Wyman, 

W.  R 

Lovell. 

1830. 

Samuel  Nevers, 

D.  R. 

Sweden. 

1831. 

Aaron  Cummings, 

D.  R. 

Albany. 

1832. 

Peter  Gerry, 

D. 

Waterford. 

1833. 

Samuel  Kevers, 

D. 

Sweden. 

1834. 

Sprout  Hapgood, 

D. 

Waterford. 

1835. 

Moses  Pattee, 

D. 

Albany. 

183G. 

Peter  Gerry, 

D. 

Waterford. 

1837. 

Samuel  Nevers, 

D. 

Sweden. 

1838. 

Daniel  ChapUn, 

W. 

Waterford. 

1839. 

Moses  Pattee, 

D. 

Albany. 

1840. 

Peter  Gerry, 

D. 

Waterford. 

1841. 

Franklin  Hosmer, 

D. 

Sweden. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 


217 


1842.  Sprout  Hapgood, 

1843.  No  representation. 

1844.  Josiah  Monroe, 

1845.  Elbridge  Gerry, 

1846.  John  Hill, 

1847.  Sewall  Frye, 

1848.  William  Pingree, 

1849.  Thomas  Trull, 

1850.  Jonathan  Houghton, 

1851.  John  C.  Gerry, 

1852.  Charles  A.  Ford, 

1853.  Charles  A.  Ford, 

1854.  Samuel  Brown, 

1855.  Charles  C.  Sanderson, 

1856.  Joel  S.  Sawyer, 

1857.  Josiah  S.  Hobbs, 

1858.  Josiah  S.  Hobbs, 

1859.  George  H.  Brown, 

1860.  Enoch  W.  Woodbury, 

1861.  Jacob  N.  Lovejoy, 

1862.  Samuel  Warren, 

1863.  Sumner  Evans, 

1864.  George  Burnham, 

1865.  Merrick  Monroe, 

1866.  P.  Parker  Dresser, 

1867.  Lewis  Frost, 

1868.  John  B.  Rand, 

1869.  Andrew  M.  Peables, 

1870.  Samuel  L.  Gould, 

1871.  Joseph  Knight, 

1872.  Hilton  McAUister, 

1873.  John  Heselton, 

1874.  Alfred  S.  Kimball, 

1875.  William  H.  Whitcomb, 


D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Sweden. 

D. 

Denmark. 

D. 

Denmark. 

D. 

Sweden. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Albany. 

D. 

Sweden. 

D. 

Stoneham. 

R. 

Waterford. 

R. 

Waterford. 

R. 

Mason. 

R. 

Sweden. 

R. 

Albany. 

R. 

Waterford. 

R. 

Stoneham., 

R. 

Gilead. 

R. 

Waterford. 

R. 

Albany. 

R. 

Sweden. 

D. 

Waterford. 

D. 

Waterford. 

R. 

Albany. 

R. 

Sweden. 

R. 

Stoneham, 

R. 

Albany. 

D. 

VVaterford.. 

D. 

^Norway. 

15 


218 


HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 


An  examination  of  this  record  shows  that  the 
town  was  overwhelmingly  federalist  until  the  sepa- 
ration from  Massachusetts.  The  agitation  of  that 
question  changed  party  relations  everywhere  in  the 
State,  and  noticeably  in  Waterford.  From  1820  to 
1875,  inclusive,  the  democratic  candidate  for  gov- 
ernor has  received  a  majority  of  votes  cast  forty 
times,  all  others,  sixteen  times.  Since  1861  the 
democratic  gubernatorial  vote  has  always  been  a 
majority. 


The  growth  of  Maine,  Oxford  county,  and  \Yater- 
ford  is  shown  by  the  following  tables. 


York 

Cumberland . . 

Lincoln 

Waldo 

Hancock 

Washington. . 

Kennebec 

Oxford 

Somerset 

Penobscot 

Franklin 

Piscataquis. .. 
Aroostook. . . . 
Androscoggin 

Sagadahoc 

Knox 


183U 


51,710 
60,102 
37,654 
29,788 
22,-553 
21,2y4 
38,929 
27,538 
35.787 
22,963 
15,938 
8,499 
3,369 
19,851 
14,943 


1840 


54,023 
68,658 
41,423 
41,509 
28,646 
28,327 
51,384 
32,115 
33,912 
46,049 
20,800 
13,138 
9,413 
22,532 
17,619 


1850 


(50,098 
79,538 
27,002 
47,230 
34,372 
38,811 
57,908 
35,463 
35,.581 
63,089 
20,027 
14,735 
12,.529 
25,748 
21,669 
28,355 


1410,934  509,548  602,155  628,285  628,828 


1860 


62,107 
75,591 
27,860 
38,447 
37,757 
42,534 
55,655 
36,698 
36,753 
72,737 
20,403 
15,032 
22,479 
29,726 
21,790 
32,716 


1870 


60,174 
82,021 
25,597 
34,522 
36,495 
43,343 
53,223 
33,488 
34,611 
74,643 
18,807 
14,803 
29,609 
35.866 
18,803 
30,823 


1  These  statistics  are  for  the  most  part  taken  from  the  Maine  State 
Register. 


GROWTH  OF  MAINE. 


219 


Albany.... 

Andover  . . , 

Bethel 

Brownfleld, 
Buckfield.. 

Byron 

Canton 

Denmark . . 
Dixfield..., 
Fryebur^.. 

Gilead 

Grafton 

Gi-eenwood 
Hanover  . . 
Hartford . . . 
Hebron  . . . , 
Hiram  . . . . , 

Lovell 

Mason 

Mexico 

Newry  . . . . , 

Norway 

Oxford 

Paris 

Peru 

Porter 

Roxbury.. . 
Rumford . . . 
Stoneham.. 

Stow 

Sumner  . . . 

Sweden 

Upton 

Waterford.  - 
Woodstock 
Milton 


1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

387 

691 

747 

853 

399 

551 

710 

814 

1620 

1300 

2253 

2523 

936 

1360 

1320 

1398 

1510 

1629 

1659 

1705 

219 

296 

323 

759 

919 

926 

1025 

954 

1143 

1203 

1171 

890 

1169 

1180 

1181 

1353 

1536 

1523 

1625 

377 

313 

359 

347 

71 

59 

168 

111 

694 

836 

1118 

878 

.... 

257 

257 

1297 

1472 

1293 

1155 

915 

945 

839 

895 

1026 

1233 

1210 

1283 

698 

941 

1193 

1339 

.... 

93 

136 

344 

447 

482 

671 

345 

463 

450 

474 

1712 

1786 

1963 

1982 

1101 

1254 

1233 

1281 

2307 

2454 

2882 

2828 

666 

1002 

1109 

1121 

841 

1133 

1208 

1240 

122 

227 

246 

251 

1120 

1444 

1375 

1375 

198 

313 

484 

463 

165 

376 

471 

551 

1099 

1269 

1151 

1154 

487 

670 

696 

728 

109 

111 

219 

1123 

1381 

1448 

1407 

573 

819 

1012 

1025 
271 

1870 


651 

757 

2286 

1324 

1494 

242 

984 

1070 

1049 

1508 

329 

94 

846 

188 

996 

743 

1393 

1018 

127 

458 

416 

1955 

1633 

2766 

932 

1105 

162 

1212 

425 

427 

1170 

549 

187 

1286 

995 

258 


The  valuation  and  live  stock  in  Waterford  at  the 
different  decades  from  1830  to  1870,  .inclusive,  are 
as  follows : 


■ 
a 

o 

■s 

©  . 

^2 

o2 

lis 

ea  •-  o 

© 

^2 

a  . 
©^ 

a 

IT  ® 

®  ^ 

s 

-52 

•2  u 

a 

S2 

© 

^ 

Pj 
O  >, 

O 

Ox 

.a 

CO 

1830 

$103,392 

145 

29 

35 

331 

616 

313 

310 

1840 

261,293 

149 

12 

11 

180 

594 

312 

318 

141 

1850 

281,217 

201 

26 

20 

412 

834 

418 

401 

2382 

1860 

351,189 

246 

50 

26 

338 

765 

375 

437 

1593 

1870 

403,651 

275 

17 

25 

268 

733 

320 

418 

1299 

220  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

These  tables  ^  show  that  our  State  has  hardly  held 
its  own  m  population  since  1850.  This  decade  un- 
doubtedly marked  high  tide  in  our  agricultural 
towns.  We  have  seen  that  western  Maine  was  set- 
tled for  the  most  part  between  1783  and  1810.  The 
sons  of  the  early  settlers  generally  settled  in  the 
home  towns.  Brought  up  amid  privations,  trained 
to  work,  they  made  thrifty  farmers. 

The  men  who  settled  Waterford  were  rare  men, 
but  those  of  the  second  generation — many  of  whom 
are  still  with  us  and  held  in  deserved  honor — were 
doubtless  their  superiors.  I  doubt  if  the  history  of 
either  of  the  other  states  can  furnish  the  equal  of  the 
men  of  this  second  generation,  the  first  native  born 
generation  in  Maine.  '  The  circumstances  under 
which  they  were  raised  were  exceptional. 

The  growth  of  manufacturing  towns,  the  enlarge- 
ment of  trade,  together  with  the  war,  called  away 
very  many  of  the  sturdiest  young  men  of  the  third 
generation.  Waterford  and  all  the  agricultural  towns 
of  Maine  keenly  feel  this  loss.  There  is  a  brighter 
future  for  our  hill  towns.  The  equilibrium  between 
manufacturing  and  agriculture,  so  rudely  disturbed 
by  the  war^  is  being  restored.  We  are  learning 
what  has  always  been  true,  that  for  farmers  of  small 


1  Only  those  towns  are  enumerated  which  in  1875  were  included  in 
Oxford  county.  For  population  of  counties  and  towns  in  1790  and 
1800,  see  pages  66  and  68;  in  1810  and  1820,  see  pages  134  and  135. 


CONCLUDING  KEMARKS.  221 

capital  Maine  (Oxford  county),  all  things  considered, 
offers  greater  inducements  than  any  southern  or 
western  State.  We  are  more  hopeful,  and  conse- 
quently more  industrious.  Let  us  thank  God  for  the 
hard  times,  for  they  have  saved  the  agricultural 
towns  of  Maine. 

I  have  sketched  the  institutions  of  Waterford 
rather  than  written  its  history.  I  have  told  you  that 
Waterford  was  laid  out  seven  miles  square.  What 
is  that  save  a  geographical  fact  ?  That  at  a  later 
time  a  meeting-house  was  built  and  a  church  was 
gathered.  What  are  these  but  ecclesiastical  facts  ? 
That  Waterford  made  a  manly,  if  mistaken,  protest 
against  the  embargo.  What  is  that  but  a  political 
fact  ?     The  history  of  Waterford  no  man  can  write. 

Seven  miles  square!  Turn  it  about!  Did  it 
mean  more  than  fifty  square  miles  ?  Yes.  It  meant 
fifty  square  miles  of  virgin  forests  filled  with  growths 
of  black  pine  and  giant  maples,  threaded  with 
brooks  and  flashing  with  ponds.  It  meant  stony 
fields,  now  hedged  by  walls  of  rock  which  you 
and  your  fathers  built ;  where  you  learnt  the  hated 
yet  necessary  lesson  that  there  is  pleasure  in  duty 
done,  however  irksome  that  duty.  It  meant  tangled 
swamps  of  giant  trees,  which  man  has  conquered, 
and  which  have  themselves  lent  to  their  conquerors, 
as  conquered  giants  always  do,  their  own  mighty 


222  HISTORICAL  ADDRESS. 

strength.  It  means  these  beautiful  school-houses, 
the  pride  and  ornament  of  your  town.  It  means 
cheerful,  happy  homes  and  precious  memories  of 
those  who  are  gone.  Yonder  cellar,  a  tangle  of  wild 
raspberry  bushes,  half  hiding  rough  beams  and 
huge,  misshapen  stones,  marks  the  spot  where  once 
struggled  the  hopes,  fears,  loves,  and  fancies  of  child- 
hood. Disappointments,  prides,  ambitions,  all  were 
there.  Be  reverent !  Memory  kindly  mosses  over 
the  roughnesses  of  these  pioneers,  but  sets  in  clear 
relief  their  kindliness,  their  indomitable  courage. 

Yonder  church,  all  these  churches,  were  built,  yes! 
were  dedicated,  yes !  Is  that  all  ?  Genius  immor- 
talizes itself  by  putting  upon  canvas  love  and  faith. 
Whole  galleries  of  Murrillos  and  Raphaels  are  but 
attempted  personations  of  these  qualities.  But 
within  these  humble  church  walls,  these  galleries  of 
living  souls,  many  an  eye  has  beamed  with  love  of 
a  Saviour  found,  or  been  raised  in  a  triumph  of  faith 
as  almost  it  pierced  the  veil  that  hid  the  mysteries 
of  God ! 

What  was  the  protest  against  the  embargo  ?  A 
hundred  angry  men  venting  their  hate  ?  No !  It 
was  a  hundred  indignant  men  putting  into  words  of 
fire  thoughts  that  burned !  It  was  the  old  revolu- 
tionary spirit,  and  it  flashed  out  again  fifty  years 
later,  when  their  indignant  sons  emphasized  protest 
with  bayonets. 


CONCLUDING  EEMARKS.  223 

Ah !  friends,  you  cannot  measure  nor  weigh  nor 
grapple  with  a  sunbeam,  yet  it  is  real.  You  cannot 
with  a  surveyor's  chain  mark  the  limit,  or  by  rhet- 
oric measure  the  courage  of  industry,  the  heroism 
of  christian  struggle,  the  beauty  of  love  and  faith, 
the  power  of  ambition,  the  glow  of  patriotism, 
yet  they  are  real ;  they  go  to  make  up  character, 
and  the  real  history  of  Waterford  is  the  history  of 
its  noble  characters. 

One  thought  more  and  I  am  done.  The  charac- 
ter of  our  fathers  made  the  future  of  Waterford  as 
it  did  its  past.  A  nation  and  a  town's  past  is  its 
promise  of  a  future.  You  cannot  ascend  without  a 
point  of  departure,  and  the  higher  that  point  of  de- 
parture the  greater  the  heights  you  may  hope  to 
reach.  God  grant  that  a  hundred  years  from  to-day 
our  children  may  be  able,  as  do  we,  to  look  behind 
them  for  their  bow  of  promise. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES. 


The  following  record  covers  the  first  half  century  of  the 
town.  In  some  instances  it  takes  in  families  of  the  second 
and  in  a  few  cases  those  of  the  third  generation.  It  includes 
those  that  came  here  or  were  formed  here  as  such,  before  the 
first  half  century  of  the  town  closed.  Families  came  to  town 
during  the  first  half  century  who  did  not  remain  long,  and 
have  left  behind  them  no  reliable  trace  of  their  history.  The 
record  of  such  of  course  we  cannot  give. 

It  has  been  found  difficult  often  to  obtain  names  and  dates, 
and  in  some  cases  we  have  wholly  failed  to  find  them.  We 
have  found  discrepancies  between  the  records  preserved  in 
families  and  those  made  by  the  town.  We  have  done  what 
we  could  to  make  these  statistics  of  the  first  half  century  com- 
plete and  accurate. 

Valuable  aid  in  this  woi»k  of  recording  the  families  has  been 
rendered  by  Thaddeus  Brown,  Esq.,  who  has  our  thanks. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES. 


ALLEN. 

Robert  Allen  married  Ann  Perry.  They  moved  '  to 
Waterford  from  Reading,  Mass.,  in  1821,  having  six  children. 
They  lived  half  a  mile  west  of  the  old  meeting-house,  on  the 
northern  slope  of  the  mountain. 

Children : 
John,  m.  Hannah  Holt. 

Elizabeth,  m.  1st,  Enoch  Wilson;  2d,  Benjamin  Emerson. 
Perry. 
Anna. 

Robert  L.,  m.  1st,  Rebecca  H.  Horr;  2d, . 

Mary,  m.  Wm.  Hinman. 

ATHERTON. 

John  Atherton,  born  1762 ;  married  Anna  Shaw,  born 
1776.  He  was  a  farmer,  and  lived  half  a  mile  east  of  the  lower 
village.  He  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  town,  and  a  soldier 
in  the  revolutionary  war  four  years. 

Children : 
Josiah,  b.  1791;  m.  1st,  Betsey  Carter;  2d,  Mary  Barker. 
John,  b.  1793 ;  m.  Harriet  Atherton. 
Ezra,  b.  1795. 

Joseph,  b.  1797 ;  m.  Susan  Boston. 
Jonathan,  b.  1799. 
Oliver,  b.  1801;  m.  1st,  Mary  Williard;  2d,  MaryPhinney;  3d,  Julia 

Atherton. 
Joel,  b.  1803. 

Anna,  b.  1807;  m.  Josiah  Ellsworth. 
Mary,  b.  1810. 


228  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Colonel  JoHX  Atherton  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Harriet 
Atherton,  was  son  of  John  Atherton.  He  resided  ou  the  old 
place. 

JosiAH  Atherton  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Betsey 
Carter,  second.  Mart  Barker,  was  the  son  of  John ;  re- 
sided in  the  lower  village ;  was  a  merchant  and  tanner. 

Children : 
Mary  A. 
Maria  F. 
Elizabeth  W. 
Charles. 
George. 

Oliver  Atherton  (2d  gen.),  v/ho  married  first  Mart  Wil- 
LiARD,  second.  Mart  Phinnet,  third,  Julia  Atherton,  suc- 
ceeded his  brother.  Col.  John,  upon  the  farm  east  of  the  City. 

Children : 
John,  ra.  Margaret  Brown. 
Charles. 
Jane,  m.  Lewis  Silla. 

Joel  Atherton,  born  1764,  in  1791  married  Nanct  Crom- 
BiE.  They  moved  from  Rindge,  N.  H.,  in  1793,  and  resided 
on  Temple  hill.     He  was  a  soldier  of  the  revolution. 

Children : 
William,  b.  1791 ;  killed  by  the  fall  of  a  tree. 
Crombie,  b.  1793;  m.  Mary  Wheeler. 
Nancy,  b.  1795 ;  m.  Eber  Stone. 
Harriet,  b.  1797 ;  m.  Col.  John  Atherton. 
Betsy,  b.  1799;  m.  William  Monroe,  ji-. 
Rebecca,  b.  1801 ;  m.  Simon  Stevens. 
Patty,  b.  1804;  m.  Silas  Hamlin. 
Mary,  b.  1806 ;  m.  Luke  Moore. 
Sally,  b.  1809;  m.  Sumner  Kimball. 
Julia,  b.  1812 ;  m.  Oliver  Atherton. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  229 

BAILEY. 

Richard  Bailey  married  Emma  Hilton.  He  came  to  Wa- 
terford  from  Westbrook,  Me. ;  resided  in  the  lower  village ; 
was  a  blacksmith  of  superior  skill  in  edged  tools  and  in  the 
heavy  and  difficult  work  of  the  trade. 

Children : 
Emily,  m.  Thomas  Churchill. 
Osgood,  m.  Sarah  Greene. 

Richard,  m. Kitson. 

Maria,  m. Stephens. 


BAKER. 

Edwaed  Baker,  born  in  1756,  married  first  Hephzibah 
Fairbanks;  second,  Polly  Fletcher ;  third,  Mrs.  Stevens. 
Mr.  Baker  came  from  Berlin,  Mass. ;  was  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers ;  was  a  farmer,  and  lived  in  the  south-east  corner  of  the 
town  where  J,  N.  Baker  now  resides. 

Children  : 
Sally,  b.  1779;  m.  Joseph  Greene. 
Luke,  b.  1781 ;  m.  Eleanor  Hunnewell. 

Kesiah,  b.  1784;  m. Daggett. 

John,  b.  1786;  m.  1st,  Nancy  Shurtleflf;  2d,  Martha  Stevens. 
Edward,  b.  1788;  m.  Mary  Jordan. 

Hephzibah,  b.  1791 ;  m. Coolard. 

Persis,  b.  1793. 

Betsey,  b.  1796;  m. Gale. 

Samuel,  b.  1799 ;  his  fate  unknown. 
Nancy,  m.  Artemus  Woodsum. 
Abel,  m.  Clarissa  Evans. 
The  last  two  were  children  of  the  second  marriage. 

Luke  Baker  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Eleanor  Hunnewell 
was  son  of  Edward  Baker,  and  resided  near  him,  in  the  vicinity 
of  Harrison. 


230  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Cyrus,  m.  Julia  A.  Caswell. 
Luke. 

Asa,  m.  Rachel  Lovejoy. 
Ellen,  m.  Charles  Garner. 
Albert. 
Thomas,  m.  Maria  Ross. 

John  Baker  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Nancy  Shurt- 
LEFF,  second,  Martha  Stevens,  was  also  son  of  Edward 
Baker,  and  succeeded  him  on  the  home  place  on  Baker's  hill, 
in  the  south-east  part  of  the  town. 

Children : 

Harriet  F.,  b.  1817;  m.  Henry  Upton. 

George,  b.  1819 ;  m.  in  Massachusetts. 

Charles,  b.  1821. 

John  N.,  ra.  Jane  M.  Plummer. 

Elizabeth. 


BARKER. 

Daniel  Barker  married  first  Eunice  Brown;  second, 
Widow  Barker.  He  came  to  town  in  1783  from  Stowe, 
Mass.;  was  a  farmer,  and  lived  in  South  Waterford,  near 
Bridgton  line ;  was  in  the  revolutionary  war  during  the  whole 
period. 

Children : 
Joseph,  m.  Huldah  Stiles. 
Eunice,  m.  Abijah  Brown. 
Lucinda,  ra.  Nathan  Grover. 
Rufus,  m.  Nancy  Kimball. 

Francis,  m. Allen. 

William,  m.  Achsah  Knox. 
Allen. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES. 


231 


Joseph  Barker  (2d  gen,),  who  married  Huldah  Styles, 
was  son  of  Daniel  Barker,  and  resided  on  the  old  place  ;  a 
farmer. 

Children : 

Everline,  b.  1803 ;  m.  a  Mr.  Winslow  of  Xew  Gloucester. 

Azro,  b.  1804. 

Almasa,  b.  1806 ;  m.  Ephraim  Hilton, 

Amaudar,  b.  181U ;  m.  Jane  Clark ;  was  a  teacher  and  minister. 

Lorinda,  b.  1812. 

Joseph,  b.  1815. 

Eollin,  b.  1818. 

Albert,  b.  1820;  m.  1st,  Nancy  Irish;    2d,  Lucinda  Dinsmore;   is  a 
lawyer  and  editor  in  Colebrook,  X.  H. 

James  Barker,  born  1777,  married  in  1799  Eunice  Stone. 
He  settled  half  a  mile  east  of  the  Flat ;  a  farmer. 

Children: 
Sophronia,  m.  Samuel  Brown. 
Caroline. 

Harriet,  m.  Cyrus  Plummer. 
Julia,  ra.  Ezra  Stone. 
Ralph. 

Eunice,  m.  Rufus  Moore. 
William. 
Caroline. 

BILLINGS. 

Charles  Billings,  born  1790,  married  first,  in  1812,  Mary 
Stone  ;  second,  in  1826,  Elizabeth  Gould,  Mr.  Billings 
came  from  Temple,  Mass. ;  was  a  farmer ;  resided  west  of  Mc- 
Wains  pond,  afterward  in  different  places  in  town. 

Children : 
Julia  A.,  m.  Eben  Plummer. 

Mary  S.,  m. Blodget. 

Amanda. 

Marshall  C,  m.  1st,  Christiana  Bryant;  2d,  Ellen  Kingman. 

Henry  S.,  m.  Roxy  Caswell. 

Peter  J.,  m.  1st, Kimball;  2d, ■ : 

Leander  S. 

Emily,  m. Metell. 


232  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Daniel  Billings,  born  1780,  married  Sarah  Khiball, 
born  1786,  He  came  from  Temple,  Mass.;  was  a  joiner;  lived 
first  on  Temple  hill  and  then  in  the  lower  village. 

Children : 
Louisa,  m.  William  Hamlin. 
Caroliue,  m.  G.  F.  Wheeler. 
George  C,  m.  Rebecca  Whitcorab. 
Maria,  m.  Calvin  Houghton. 
James  R.,  m.  Esther  Clark. 
John  D.,  m.  Esther  Knowlton. 
Miranda. 

BISBEE. 

Moses  Bisbee,  born  in  1766,  married  Ellen  Buck.  He 
moved  to  Waterford  in  1817  from  Sumner,  Me.,  and  resided  in 
the  neighborhood  that  now  takes  his  name ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Polly,  m.  Roswell  Adley. 
Moses,  m.  1st,  Hannah  Swan ;  2d,  Ellen  Beatie. 

Robert  D.,  m. Foster. 

Calvin. 

Jonathan  T. 

Ellen  C,  m.  Dennis  Brackett. 

Jane,  m.  Eliakim  Long. 

Elvira,  m.  Francis  Hamlin. 

Luther  Bisbee,  born  1796,  married  Mary  Wardwell. 
He  came  to  Waterford  from  Sumner,  Me.,  in  the  year  1820  ; 
was  a  farmer,  and  lived  in  the  east  part  of  the  town  in  the 
Bisbee  neighborhood. 

Children : 
Hiram. 
Maria. 
Addison. 

Cohimbia,  m.  Levi  Millett. 
Caroline,  m.  Francis  M.  Sampson. 
Byron,  m.  Adeline  Knight. 
Walter,  ra.  Martha  Knight. 
Winslow. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  233 

VoLXET  BisBEE,  bom  1801,  married  Ruth  Briggs.  He 
came  from  Turner  to  Waterford  in  1824,  and  settled  in  the 
Bisbee  neighborhood.  He  now  resides  in  the  village  at  North 
Waterford.     He  has  one  son  :     Daniel  Bisbee. 

BRIGHAM. 

Samuel  Brigham  (we  have  not  the  name  of  his  wife)  came 
from  VVestborough,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  West  Waterford; 
was  a  farmer.  He  left  town,  and  no  full  record  of  him  since 
has  been  obtained. 

Children : 

Lucy,  b.  1786. 

Samuel,  b.  1788;  m.  in  Sweden. 

Polly,  b.  1789. 

Liscum,  b.  1791. 

George  B.,  K    .^qo 

Lucy,  )  Lucy  m.  Amos  Smith. 

Bryant,  b.  1794. 

Levi,  b.  1796. 

Nahum,  b.  1798;  m.  in  Boston. 

Antipas,  b.  1800;  m.  in  Massachusetts. 

Lincoln,  b.  1801. 

Sophia,  b.  1803. 

Thomas,  b.  1805. 

Dexter,  b.  1807. 

Luther  Brigham  married  Rosomok  Jones.  He  came  from 
Stowe,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  the  Gambo  neighborhood;  a 
farmer. 


Lydia,  m.  Rufus  Priest. 

Mehitabel. 

Sophia,  m.  Abel  Moore. 

Mary,  m.  Joseph  Flint. 

Lewis,  m. Swallow. 

Calvin,  m.  Ball. 

Maria,  m.  Nathan  Hilton. 
16 


Children : 


234  HISTORY  OF  WATEEFORD. 

BROWN. 

Abu  AH  Brown  married  first  Sally  Barker;  second,  Lucy 
LoNGLEY.  He  came  from  Stowe,  Mass.,  about  the  year  1790, 
and  settled  in  the  west  part  of  the  town ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 

Artemas,  b.  1792;  m. Turner. 

Eunice,  b.  1794. 

Abraham  C,  b.  1796, 

Aram,  b.  1798;  m.  Ruth  Morse. 

Elvira,  b.  1800;  m.  Ezra  Haskell. 

Aram  Brown  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Ruth  Morse,  was 
son  of  Abijah  Brown,  and  resided  in  the  west  part  of  the  town  ; 
a  farmer. 

Children : 
John  C. 
Mercy  G. 

Ann  W.,  m.  1st,  George  W.  Stevens;  2d,  Thomas  Trull. 
Ruth  J.,  m,  Oliver  Hale. 

Adonijah  Brown  married  Miriam  Carruth.  He  moved 
from  Marlborough,  Mass.,  about  the  year  1795  ;  was  a  farmer ; 
lived  in  several  places  in  town. 

Children : 
Mary. 

Charlotte,  b.  1801;  m.  1st.  Nathaniel  Pride;  second, Mills;  third, 

Ezra  Haskell. 
Moses,  b.  1803 ;  m.  Mehitabel  Skillings. 
Lucy,  b.  1806. 
Elmer,  b.  1808. 

Asaph  Brown,  born  1761,  married  Hannah  Shaw. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  235 

Children : 
Nabby,  b.  1784 ;  m.  Heraan  Brown. 
Kobbins,  b.  1786;  m.  Hannab  Lovejoy. 
Polly,  b.  1787. 
Hannah,  b.  1790. 
Josiab,  b.  1792;  m.  Mehitabel  Lovejoy. 

Caty,  b.  1794 ;  m. Ellingwood  of  Bethel. 

Asaph,  b.  1797. 

Susanna,  b.  1799 ;  m. Stearns  of  Bethel. 

Nancy,  b.  1801. 

Thaddeus  Brown  married  Mary  Pollard.  He  removed 
to  Waterford  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1786;  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers  in  town ;  lived  about  a  mile  east  of  the  Flat ; 
was  a  farmer  and  a  dealer  in  lands  and  in  timber. 

Children  : 
Daniel,  b.  1784 ;  m.  Ann  Hamlin. 

Malbory,  b.  1789;  m.  1st,  Nancy  Scripture;  2d,  Mrs.  Betsey  Dupee. 
Jabez,  b.  1791 ;  m.  1st,  Sally  Hamlin ;  2d,  Eveline  Hale. 
Susan,  b.  1794;  m.  John  Meserve. 
Levi,  b.  1796;  m.  Caroline  E.  Farrar. 
Thaddeus,  b.  1798;  m.  Asenath  Nourse. 
Mary,  b.  1800;  m.  Elijah  Flint. 
Mercy,  b.  1802 ;  m.  Samuel  Merrill. 
Sarah,  b.  1804;  m.  Cyprian  Hobbs. 

Capt.  Malbory  Brovtn  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Naxcy 
Scripture,  second,  Mrs.  Betsey  Dupee,  was  son  of  Thad- 
deus Brown ;  lived  in  South  Waterford  where  Mr.  Ellis  now 
resides ;  was  a  blacksmith  and  farmer.  He  excelled  as  a  grace- 
ful military  officer. 

Children : 
Mary  Jane,  b.  1819 ;  m.  Greorge  Fuller. 
Nancy  M.,  b.  1821;  m.  Calvin  Hamlin. 

Elizabeth  A,  b.  1823;  m.  1st,  John  C.  Warren;  2d,  Gideon  Ellis. 
Levi  L.,  b.  182.5;  m.  Almeda  Bean. 
Harriet  W. 
Calvin. 


236  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Thaddeus  Bkown  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Asenath 
NouRSE,  was  son  of  Thaddeus  Brown,  and  resides  with  his  son 
Waldo  on  the  jplace  once  owned  by  William  Brown. 

Children : 
Theodore  (Capt),  m.  Clara  A.  Bryant. 
Daniel,  m.  Mary  B.  Stone. 
Mercy,  m.  Scribner  Chadbourne. 
John. 

Mary,  m.  Charles  H.  Hale. 
Waldo  T.,  m.  Margaret  G.  Plummer. 
Ellen  M. 

Myra  A.,  m.  William  H.  Bailey. 
Nettie. 

Jabez  Brown  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Sally  Hamlin,  was 
son  of  Thaddfius  Brown,  sen. ;  resided  on  the  old  place.  He 
retained  a  remarkable  recollection  of  the  events  of  the  town, 
which  has  been  useful  to  the  historian. 

Children : 
Europe  H. 
Daniel  W. 
Angeline. 
Fanny. 
Angeline. 
Mark. 

Maliala,  m.  John  J.  French, 
Angela,  m.  Emerson  Wilkins. 
Caroline. 

Clara,  m.  Edward  Jackson. 
Melinda. 
Caroline  L.,  m.  Elbridge  Stone. 

William  Brown  married  Betsey  Wheeler.  He  came 
from  Stow,  Mass. ;  lived  in  Gambo  district ;  a  farmer ;  after- 
ward moved  to  the  Flat  and  kept  hotel. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  237 

Children : 
Samuel,  b,  1792;  m.  Sophronia  Barker. 
Josiali,  b.  1795 ;  m,  Phebe  Sawiu. 
Calvin,  b.  1797;  m.  Mrs.  Lamson. 
John,  b.  1801 ;  m.  Sophia  Hamlin. 
Betsey,  b.  1803 ;  m.  Capt.  Nathaniel  Rounds.    C.  C.  Rounds,  their 

son,  is  now  principal  of  the  Normal  school  at  Farmington. 
Lucinda,  b.  1806;  m.  George  Kimball. 
William,  b.  1809;  m.  Frances  C.  Allen;  was  chaplain  in  the  late  war. 

BRYANT. 

Richard  Bryant,  born  1766,  married  in  1789  Mary  Whit- 
ney, born  1766.  Mr.  Bryant  came  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  and 
lived  on  the  south  side  of  Beach  hill ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Sally,  b.  1789;  m.  Joseph  McAlister. 
Nancy,  b.  1791 ;  m.  Jacob  French. 
Polly,  b.  1793 ;  m.  Joseph  Saunderson. 
Betsey,  b.  1795 ;  m.  Col.  John  Saunderson 
George,  b.  1797 ;  m.  Nancy  Chubb. 
Melinda,  b.  1799;  m.  Dea.  Henry  Houghton. 
Eliza,  b.  1802 ;  m.  Eben  Plummer. 
Perez,  b.  1804;  m.  Caroline  Moore. 
John,  b.  1808 ;  m.  Elizabeth  Hapgood. 

BURNELL. 

Samuel  Buknell,  born  in  Gorham,  Me.,  in  1782,  married  in 
Harrison,  Me.,  January,  1808,  Jane  Richardson,  born  in 
Minot,  Me.,  in  1793. 

Children, 
Born  in  Bridgton : 
John,  b.  December,  1808 ;  m.  Rose  A.  Beattie  of  Bethel. 
Samuel,  b.  October,  1810;  m.  Sarah  Tukey  of  Raymond. 
William,  b.  December,  1812;  m.  Nancy  Beattie  of  Bethel. 
Jane,  b.  June,  1816;  m.  Elihu  Lynde  of  Stoneham,  Mass. 


288  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Born  in  Waterford : 
Jemima,  b.  April,  1819;  m.  Sanders  Kimball  of  Waterford. 
Elias,  b.  January,  1821 ;  m.  Mary  Rich  of  Buxton. 
Elijah,  b.  October,  1825;  m.  Lucind  Preston  of  Topsham. 
Aaron,  b.  October,  1827;  died,  aged  14. 
Joseph,  b.  March,  1829;  m.  Deborah  Richardson  of  Bluehill. 
Lydia,  b.  February,  1833 ;  m.  James  Miles  of  Lowell,  Mass. 
Edwin,  b.  November,  1836;  m.  Mary  Maloy  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

CARTER. 

John  Carter  married  first  Amelia  Hamlin;  second,  Eu- 
nice Daggett.  Mr.  Carter  came  from  Bridgton ;  was  long  in 
trade  in  the  lower  village ;  lived  between  the  villages,  west  of 
the  pond. 

Children : 

Emerson  F.,  m.  1st,  Sax'ah  Kimball;  2d,  Pamelia  Kimball;  was  a 
teacher  by  profession ;  now  resides  at  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

Henry,  m.  Elizabeth  A.  Caldwell ;  is  a  lawyer ;  edited  the  Portland 
Advertiser;  now  practises  in  Haverhill,  Mass;  resides  in  Brad- 
ford ;  has  been  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate,  and  is  now 
a  judge. 

John,  m. ;  does  business  in  Boston. 

Catharine,  m.  John  F.  Hathaway. 

CUMMINGS. 

Dr.  Stephen  Cummings,  born  in  Andover,  Mass.,  1772, 
married  in  1795  Eleanor  Hale  of  Temple,  New  Hampshire. 
He  removed  to  Portland  and  became  a  physician  of  great  dis- 
tinction.   Died  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  1854. 

Children : 

Nathan,  b.  in  "Waterford,  1796 ;  m.  in  1824  Emily  Ilsley  of  Portland. 
He  was  a  merchant  and  at  one  time  collector  of  customs  in  Port- 
land, and  d.  there,  1878. 

Sarah,  b.  in  Waterford,  1798;  m.  in  1826  Charles  Bradley  of  Boston; 
d.  in  Portland,  1875. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  239 

Sumner,  b.  in  Waterford,  1800;  unmarried;  d.  in  Portland,  1848. 
Stephen,  b.  in  Portland,  1803;  m.  Fanny  Whitney  of  Norway;   d.  in 

Norway,  1863. 
John  Moreland,  b.  in  Portland,  1812;  m.  in  1849  Harriet  Corser  of 

Portland ;  d.  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  1878. 
Fitz  Henry,  b.  in  Portland,  1816;  d.  in  Portland,  1837. 

CARLTON. 

Dea.  Edward  Caklton,  born  1799,  married  in  1824  Ach- 
SAH  Monroe.  He  came  from  Portland  about  the  year  1823  ; 
lived  on  the  Flat,  afterward  west  of  the  pond ;  was  a  cabinet 
maker,  and  for  some  time  was  postmaster. 

Children : 

Caroline,  m. Greenwood. 

Maria. 

Emily. 

Elizabeth,  m.  William  W.  Greene,  m.d. 

George. 

Ellen. 

Edward. 

Edward. 

Charles  M,,  m.  Mary  Greenwood.    He  was  a  physician  and  occulist 

in  Norwich,  Conn. 
John  A. 

CHAMBERLAIN. 

Dea.  Ephraim  Chamberlain  married  Persis  Barrett. 
He  came  from  Littleton,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  the  Gambo 
neighborhood. 

Children : 
Rebecca,  b.  1787;  m.  Humphrey  Saunders. 
Ephraim,  b.  1789 ;  m.  Abigail  Holt, 
John,  b.  1792 ;  m.  Phebe  Haskins. 
Lois,  b.  1795 ;  m.  Francis  Cummings. 
Lydia,  b.  1797. 
Persis,  b.  1803 ;  m.  Jonathan  Wardwell. 


240  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD, 

CHAPLIN. 

Daniel  Chaplin  married  Mary  Saunders.  They  came 
from  Rowley,  Mass.,  and  resided  in  North  Waterford.  He 
was  a  farmer  and  blacksmith ;  was  often  in  town  office ;  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolution. 

Children : 
Daniel,  b.  1792 ;  m.  Fanny  Davenport. 
Caleb,  b.  1795. 
John  S.,  b.  1797. 
MaryS.,b.  1800. 
Amos,  b.  1802. 

Dolly,  b.  1804;  m.  Joseph  Bennett. 
Lydia,  b.  1806 ;  m.  Ethan  Allen. 
Lois  P.,  b.  1810. 

Capt.  Daniel  Chaplin  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Fanny 
Davenport,  was  son  of  Daniel  Chaplin;  lived  on  the  old 
place ;  was  much  in  town  business ;  was  representative  in  the 
legislature.     He  constructed  a  lithograph  map  of  the  town. 

Children : 
Mary,  m.  Nathaniel  D.  Hodsdon. 
Daniel,  m.  Elizabeth  B.  Treadwell. 
Serena  D. 
Harriet  D. 
Edward,  was  killed  in  the  late  war. 

David  Chaplin  married  Jane  Saunders.  He  was  brother 
of  Daniel ;  came  from  Rowley,  Mass. ;  resided  in  North  Water- 
ford;  was  a  farmer  and  blacksmith,  skilled  in  curious  work  and 
arts.  He  was  teacher,  student  in  the  Greek,  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolution ;  was  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church ;  had  one  child, 
Jane,  who  died  in  infancy. 

CILLET. 
John  Cilley,  born  1792,  married  in  1821  Lydia  Moulton, 
born  1794.     He  came  from  Gorham,  Me.,  in  1821 ;    settled  in 
the  south-west  part  of  the  town,  where  Paul  Whitcomb  had 
lived ;  a  farmer. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  241 

Children  : 
Sarah,  m.  A.  D.  Hamlin. 
Maria  G.,  m.  William  Lunt. 
John. 

William  F.,  m.  1st,  J.  M.  Atherton ;  2d,  C.  Foss. 
George  M. 
Melinda  L.,  m.  Frank  Harding. 

COOLIDGE. 

Henry  Coolidge  (the  name  of  his  wife  not  ascertained) 
came  from  Cambridge,  Mass. ;  settled  on  the  south  side  of  the 
pond,  on  what  is  now  called  Coolidge  hill. 

Children : 
William. 

Mercy,  m.  Dr.  Samuel  Crombie, 

Orlando,  m.  1st,  Betsey  Haskell ;  2d,  Martha  Merrill. 

Mary,  m.  Joseph  Pratt. 

John  G.  W.,  m.  Mrs.  Zipporah  Andrews. 

Henry. 

Jonas. 

John  G.  W.  Coolidge  (2d  gen.)  married  Mrs.  Zipporah 
Andrews  of  Bridgton ;  lived  with  his  father  on  Coolidge  hill ; 
a  farmer ;  afterward  left  town. 

Children : 

John  H.,  m. Jacobs. 

Frances  E.,  m.  Dr.  Houghton,  out  west. 
Helena,  m. Ainsworth. 

Orlando  Coolidge  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Betsey 
Haskell,  second,  Martha  Merrill,  was  son  of  Henry  Cool- 
idge ;  resided  east  of  Tom  pond ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Henry,  b.  1816. 

Mercy  W.,  b.  1818. 

Jonas,  b.  1823. 


Elizabeth,  I  ^_  ^^^4, 


Orlando. 


242  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

CROMBIE. 

De.  Samuel  Crombie  came  into  town  about  1807  and  mar- 
ried Mercy  Coolidge.  He  died  in  1809,  and  by  his  request 
was  buried  with  his  head  pointing  directly  toward  the  north 
and  his  feet  toward  the  south. 

CROSS. 

Capt.  Ebenezer  Cross  married  in  1793  Abigail  Webb. 
Capt.  Cross,  born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  moved  to  Portland, 
Me,,  and  followed  the  seas.  He  afterward  settled  in  Water- 
ford,  and  lived  where  Samuel  Plummer  resided.  He  died  in 
Portland. 

Children : 
Ebenezer,  m.  Lucinda  Longley. 
Miriam  A.,  d.  in  Belfast,  1821. 
Sarah  A.,  m.  Benjamin  Walker. 
Mary,  m.  Eben  L.  Dyer, 
Catherine,  d,  young. 
Catherine,  m,  J,  B,  Scott, 
Jane  G. 
Eliza  A.,  m.  John  Dela. 

Ebenezer  Cross  (2d  gen,),  who  mai-ried  Lucinda  Long- 
ley,  was  son  of  Capt.  Ebenezer  Cross ;  lived  where  Eben 
Plummer  lately  resided ;  was  a  farmer,  and  at  one  time  a  trader 
at  the  Flat.     He  afterward  removed  to  Bridgton. 

Children : 
Jane,  m,  John  Eilborn, 
William  W.,  ra.  Hannah  W,  Cranmore. 

DAVENPORT. 

Ephraim  Davenport,  born  1762,  married  Sarah  Prince, 
born  1762,  He  came  to  Waterford  about  1792  from  Massa- 
chusetts; afterward  removed  to  North  Bridgton.  He  was 
skilled  as  house  joiner  and  mill-wright. 


RECOED  OF  FAMILIES.  243 

Children : 
John,  b.  1790 ;  m.  Eliza  Reed. 
Silence,  b.  1792. 

Fanny,  b.  1794;  m.  Capt.  Daniel  Chaplain. 
Nancy,  b.  1796. 

Serena,  b.  1798;  m.  Hon.  John  L.  Megquier. 
Ephraim,  b.  1800;  m.  Sally  Kimball. 
Elias  B. 
Harriet,  m.  Thomas  Mead,  Esq. 

Ephraim  Davenport  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Sally  Kim- 
ball, was  son  of  Ephraim  Davenport ;  lives  a  farmer  in  the 
east  part  of  the  town,  near  Norway. 

Children : 
Byron,  m.  Martha  Potter. 
Elias. 

Abigail,  m.  Jonathan  Chapman. 
Francena,  m.  Theodore  French. 

Jonathan  K.,  m.  Mary . 

Mary,  m.  Benjamin  Cook. 
John  L.  M.,  m.  Harriet  Lincoln. 

DAVIS. 

Deliverance  Davis  married  in  1810  Eliza  Stewart.  He 
came  from  Boscawen,  N.  H. ;  was  a  tanner  by  trade ;  was  civil 
magistrate ;  lived  just  above  the  Flat. 

Children : 
Mary,  b.  1809;  m.  William  Horr. 
Eliza,  b.  1813 ;  m.  Benjamin  Blood. 
Jonas,  b.  1818;  m.  Mrs.  Billings. 
Albert,  m.  Fannie  Watkins. 

DOUGLASS. 

Rev.  John  A.  Douglass,  born  1792,  married  first,  in  1822, 
Elizabeth  Abbott,  born  1798;  second,  in  1824,  Lucy  Ab- 
bott, born  1802.  Mr.  Douglass  came  from  Portland  in  the 
spring  of  1821 ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
church  Nov.  7,  1821;  died  Aug.  7,  1878. 


244  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Harriet  E.,  some  years  lady  principal  of  Gorham  seminary. 
William  A.,  of  whom  a  brief  memoir  was  written. 
John  A.,  M.D.,  m.  Helen  Howarth. 
Abby  A.,  deceased. 
Lucy  E.,  m,  John  Eveleth,  m.d. 
Emma  F.,  deceased. 

William  A.,  is  high  sheriff  of  Oxford  county. 
Clara  M.,  teacher. 
Alfred  S.,  d.  in  infancy. 
Marion  L.  H.,  d.  while  young. 

DUDLEY. 

Joseph  Dudley  married  Lucy  Maynard.  He  came  from 
Acton,  Mass.,  in  1798 ;  lived  in  the  south  part  of  the  town; 
was  the  proprietor  of  mills. 

Children : 
Hannah,  b.  1792. 
Rebecca,  b.  1795. 

Joseph,  b.  179S ;  m.  Abigail  Morse. 
Israel,  b.  ]801. 

James,  b.  1803;  m.  Lucinda  Dillingham. 
Samuel,  b.  1805. 
John,  b.  1807. 

Lucy,  b.  1809;  m.  Gee  Harmon. 
Mary,  b.  1812. 
Hosea  E.,  b.  1822;  m.  Fanny  Barnes. 

James  Dudley  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Lucinda  Dilling- 
ham, was  the  son  of  Joseph,  and  resided  in  the  south  part  of 
the  town,  near  Harrison ;  was  engaged  in  farming  and  milling. 

Children : 
Lucinda  D.,  m.  C.  Jeffords. 
James  E.,  m.  Eliza  Burns. 
Nancy  J.,  m.  Stephen  Pattee. 
Charles  M. 
Samuel. 

John,  m.  Susan  Backman. 
Lewis  F,,  m.  Amy  Fernald. 
Frederick  E. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  245 

Joseph  Dudley  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Abigail  Morse, 
was  son  of  Joseph  Dudley,  and  resided  with  the  Dudley- 
brothers,  near  the  mills  in  the  south  part  of  the  town. 

Children : 
Joseph  W.,  m.  Elizabeth  Earles. 
Albert. 
Samuel. 

Israel,  m.  Thirza  Kilgore. 
Matilda. 

ELLSWORTH. 

JosiAH  Ellsworth,  born  1803,  married  Anna  Atherton, 
born  1807.  He  came  from  Bridgton,  Me.,  in  1820;  learned 
the  clothier's  trade  of  Josiah  Fan-ar ;  resided  in  the  lower  vil- 
lage ;  worked  also  at  the  carpenter's  trade. 

Children : 
Mark  T.,  m.  Lydia  Tomlinson. 
Anna  L. 

Caroline  B.,  m.  Joseph  Perry. 
Cyrus  M.,  m.  in  Massachusetts. 
Anna  L. 
Charles  W.,  m.  in  Boston. 

FAIRBANKS. 

Jonathan  Fairbanks  man-ied  Susan  Cahoon.  He  came 
from  Berlin,  Mass. ;  was  a  farmer ;  lived  in  Gambo  district, 
near  the  foot  of  McWains  pond. 

Children : 
Lucretia,  m.  Bowdoin  "Wood. 
Sophia,  m.  Josiah  Pride. 

Susan,  m. Norcross. 

Ephraim,  m.  in  Massachusetts. 

Jonathan,  m.  Sylvina  Morton ;  was  a  Methodist  preacher ;  d.  recently. 


246  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

FARRAR. 

Calvin  Farrar,  Esq.,  born  1778,  married  Bathsheba 
Bates,  1797.  He  was  from  Guildhall,  Vt. ;  resided  on  the 
Flat ;  a  merchant ;  was  in  town  and  state  office. 

Children : 
Caroline  E.,  b.  1806 ;  m.  Maj.  Levi  Brown. 
Nancy  W.,  b.  1810;  m.  John  Gerry,  Esq. ;  d.  1841. 
Maria,  b.  1811;  m.  Roland  Gerry;  d,  1844. 
Luther  (Col.),  b.  1813;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College;  m.  Sophronia 

Hume ;  d.  1843. 
Calvin  (Col.),  b.  1814;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College;  was  proprietor 

of  the  Hydropathic  Institution  in  Waterford ;  d.  1859. 
Mercy,  b.  1816;  m.  C.  J.  F.  Eastman. 
David,  b.  1818. 

David  Farrar,  unmarried,  brother  and  partner  of  Calvin, 
was  a  man  of  note  in  town,  holding  various  public  offices. 

JosiAH  Farrar  married  Betsey  Prince.  He  came  from 
Guildhall,  Vt. ;  lived  in  the  lower  village  in  the  house  where 
Luther  Houghton  now  lives;  was  a  clothier  by  trade. 

Children : 
Calvin,  b.  1808 ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  about  1882. 
Annette,  b.  1811;  m.  1st,  Daniel  G.  Swan;  2d,  John  A.  Briggs. 
Josiah,  b.  1814. 
Edward,  b.  1816. 
Harriet,  b.  1818;  m.  John  A.  Briggs. 

GAGE. 

Leander  Gage,  m.d.,  born  in  1792,  married  in  1820  Ann  B. 
Sargent,  born  1794.  Dr.  Gage  was  from  Bethel,  Me. ;  began 
practice  in  Waterford  about  1817;  built  and  occupied  the 
stand  now  owned  by  Mr.  Porter;  was  a  man  of  commanding 
influence,  and  had  a  wide  practice  and  reputation;  died  1812. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  247 

Children : 
Phebe,  b.  1821 ;  was  a  teacher. 
Frances,  b.  1823;  m.  Col.  Humphrey  Cousens. 
Irene,  b.  1825;  m.  Dea.  Samuel  Warren. 
Thomas  H.,  m.d.,  b.  1827;  m.  Annie  M.  Lane. 
Ann,  b.  1829;  m.  Calvin  Foster;  was  a  teacher  in  Boston. 
Maiy,  b.  1831 ;  teacher  in  Boston. 
Lois,  b.  1832. 

George  M.,  b.   1834;  m.  Elizabeth  Webber;    was  principal  of  State 
Normal  school ;  afterward  same  in  Minnesota. 

GREENE. 

Lieut.  Thomas  Greene,  born  in  1743,  married  Lydia  Kil- 
BOEN,  born  1748.  They  removed  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  in  1788; 
came  in  a  schooner  to  Portland,  and  but  partially  escaped 
shipwreck ;  settled  in  North  Waterford  where  Cyrus  Greene 
now  lives.  Jonathan  Barnard  had  begun  on  the  lot,  but  soon 
after  removed  to  North  Bridgton.  Lieut.  Greene  was  an  officer 
in  the  French  and  revolutionary  wars;  was  famed  for  courage 
and  enthusiasm  in  battle ;  once  led  the  regiment  to  victory 
when  its  commander  had  fled,  so  says  tradition. 

Children : 
Daniel,  b.  1770;  m.  Elizabeth  Warren. 
PoUy,  b,  1772;  m.  Maj.  Samuel  Warren. 
Thomas,  b.  1775;  m.  Tabitha  Holt. 
Sarah,  b.  1777;  m.  Dudley  Swan. 
Dorothy,  b.  1779 ;  m.  Dea.  William  Warren. 
Lydia,  b.  1782 ;  m.  Capt.  Abel  Houghton. 
Joseph,  b.  1784;  m.  Catherine  Willard. 
Elizabeth,  b.  1786;  m.  Capt.  Abel  Houghton. 

Capt.  Daniel  Greene  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Elizabeth 
Warren,  was  son  of  Lieut.  Thomas  Greene,  whose  entire  fami- 
ly came  with  him  from  Rowley.  Capt.  Greene  succeeded  his 
father  on  the  old  place;  was  farmer  and  shoemaker;  w^as  long 
in  town  office,  also  justice  of  the  peace. 


248  HISTORY  OF  WATERFOKD. 

Having  no  children,  they  brought  up  as  their  own : 
Lucy  A.  Horr,  who  raanied  James  Coffin. 
Daniel  G.  Swan,  who  married  Annette  Farrar. 
Joanna  Hale,  who  married  William  York. 
Thomas  Green,  who  married  Eliza  Kimball. 
Abel  Baker,  who  married  Clarissa  Evans. 

Thomas  Greene  (2d  gen.),  born  1775,  who  married  Tabitha 
Holt,  was  son  of  Lieut.  Thomas,  and  came  with  the  family 
from  Rowley ;  settled  on  the  road  leading  from  North  to  West 
Waterford.    He  lost  his  life  in  taking  down  the  frame  of  a  barn. 

Children : 
Sarah  A.,  b.  1800. 

Tabitha,  b.  1801 ;  m.  Dea.  Leonard  Grover. 
Jacob  H.,  b.  1802;  m.  Sarah  (Frye)  Jewett. 
William  W.,  b.  1805;  m.  Ruth  Corser. 
Thomas,  b.  1808 ;  m.  Elizabeth  Kimball. 

Joseph  Greene  (2d  gen.),  who  married  in  1809  Catherine 
WiLLARD,  born  1784,  was  son  of  Lieut.  Thomas  Greene.  He 
lived  half  a  mile  south  of  Daniel  Warren;  then  moved  to  the 
old  Willard  place ;  was  a  farmer ;  had  great  physical  strength  ; 
was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  tree. 

Children : 
Samuel  W.,  m.  Eliza  Beatie. 
Sophia,  m.  Asa  Cummings. 
Sarah  M.  E.,  in  business  in  Lowell,  Mass. 
Dolly. 

William,  m.  Mary  Carter. 
Daniel,  m.  Coretha  Joselyn. 
Cyrus,  m.  in  the  west. 
Joseph,  m.  in  Boston. 
There  were  two  infants. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES,  249 

GERRY. 

Peter  Gerry,  born  in  1776,  raavried  first  Polly  Cutler, 
born  in  1782 ;  second,  Elizabeth  Farrar,  widow  of  Josiah 
Farrar.  He  moved  to  Waterford  about  1797  from  Harvard, 
Mass.  His  first  wife  was  born  in  Sudbury,  Mass.  He  settled 
in  the  west  part  of  the  town ;  was  a  farmer,  civil  magistrate, 
and  for  several  years  represented  the  town  in  the  legislature. 

Children : 

Mary,  b.  1804 ;  d.  1844. 

John  C,  b.  1808;  m.  1st,  Nancy  W.  Farrar;  2d,  Nancy  W.  Sawin. 

Roland  H.,  b.  1810;  m.  Maria  A.  Farrar;  d.  1842. 

Abbie,  b.  1812;  d.  1817. 

Elbridge,  b.  1815;  m.  Anna  S.  C.  Jenness;  is  attorney  at  law  in  Port- 
land ;  bas  represented  the  town  in  the  State  legislature  and  the 
district  in  congress. 

HALE. 

Oliver  Hale  married  first  Eunice  Fletcher;  second, 
Elizabeth  Newton.  He  was  from  Harvard,  Mass.;  walked 
all  the  way  to  the  wilderness  of  Waterford  and  brought  an  ox- 
chain  on  his  shoulders,  which  is  now  in  the  possession  of  one  of 
his  descendants.  He  went  on  an  ox-sled  to  Gray  to  be  mar- 
ried, forty  miles  distant,  and  returned  with  his  bride  in  the 
same  way. 

Children : 
John,  ra.  Matilda  Cockrain. 
Sally,  b.  1791 ;  m.  Jonathan  A.  Russell. 
Betsey,  b.  1793. 

Charlotte,  b.  1794;  long  a  teacher  in  Portland;  m.  Maj.  Tbos. Perl'ey.^ 
Lucinda,  b.  1797;  m.  Joseph  C.  Walker. 
Eunice,  b.  1799 ;  m.  1st,  Charles  Mason ;  2d,  Ayers  Mason. 
Mary,  m.  Capt.  Luther  Houghton. 

Oliver,  m.  1st,  Harriet  Waite;  2d,  Mary  Ann  Lincoln;  3d,  Ruth  Jane 
Brown. 

17 


250  HISTORY  OF  WATERFOED. 

Israel  Hale  married  Esther  Taylor.  He  came  from 
Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1795,  and  settled  in  the  west  part  of  the 
town,  where  Capt.  Thomas  Swan  now  lives. 

Children : 

Polly,  m.  Daniel  Holt. 

Esther,  m.  Moses  Howe. 

Charles,  m. Packard. 

Mercy,  m.  John  Thurston. 

Benjamin,  m.  Polly  Shaw. 

Alpheus,  m,  Mary  Arnold. 

Sumner,  m.  Mary  Shackley. 

Eber,  m.  Jemima  Richardson. 

Israel. 

Charles  Hale  (2  gen.),  who  married Packard,  was 

son  of  Israel ;  lived  a  while  in  West  Waterford,  afterward  in 
Sweden. 

Children : 
Elbridge  G.,  b.  1811. 
Charles,  b,  1813. 
Lovesty,  b.  1814. 
George  W.,  b.  1819. 
John  R.,  b.  1821. 
Sally,  b.  1823. 
Nancy  B.,  b.  1825. 

Benjamin  Hale,  born  1765,  married  first  Susan  Whitney  ; 
second,  Mercy  Rand.  He  came  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1785, 
and  settled  in  the  Pluramer  neighborhood.  He  was  a  tailor 
by  trade,  dividing  his  time  between  his  trade  and  his  farm. 

Children : 
Abel,  b.  1794. 

Joseph  (Lieut.),  b.  1796;  m.  Janette  Howe. 
Susanna,  b.  1798. 

Eveline,  b.  1800;  m.  Jabez  Brown. 
Benjamin,  b.  1802. 

Mary,  b.  1804 ;  m.  Dea.  Benjamin  F.  Stone. 
Joanna,  b.  1806;  m.  William  York. 
Abel  W.,  b.  1813;  m.  Susan  Buruham. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  251 

Lieut.  Joseph  Hale  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Janette 
Howe,  has  during  his  married  life  resided  on  the  Flat,  and 
divides  his  time  between  his  trade  as  shoemaker  and  farming ; 
has  no  children. 

HAMLIN. 

The  progenitor  of  all  the  Hamlins  that  settled  early  in  Ox- 
ford county  was  Eleazer,  of  Harvard,  Mass.  He  owned  a  large 
tract  of  land  in  Waterford.  He  had  seventeen  children.  He 
oflfered  each  of  his  sons  land  enough  to  make  a  farm  if  they 
would  settle  on  it.  Four  of  them,  Africa,  America,  Eleazer, 
and  Hannibal,  accepted  the  offer.  There  were  then  only 
twelve  families  in  town.  Mrs.  Africa  Hamlin,  with  a  little 
child  in  her  arms,  was  drawn  upon  a  moose  sled  from  Long 
pond  to  her  wilderness  home.  When  asked  if  she  was  not 
homesick  (her  husband  was  not  with  her),  she  answered,  "  no, 
not  at  all." 

Africa  Hamlin  married  Susanna  Stone.  He  came  from 
Harvard,  Mass.;  settled  in  South  Waterford;  a  farmer;  wag 
first  town  clerk  and  was  often  in  town  office. 

Children : 
Nabby. 

Poladore,  m.  Nancy  Park. 
Almira,  m.  Maj.  Theodore  Stone. 
Susanna,  m.  Gabriel  Kilgore. 
Castelo,  M.D.,  m.  Rebecca  E.  Haskins. 
Lydia,  m.  John  Wilkins. 

America  Hamlin  married  first  Sally  Parkhurst  ;  second, 
Betsey  Brown.  He  also  was  from  Harvard,  and  resided 
near  his  brother  Africa. 


252  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children: 
Pamelia,  m.  John  Carter. 
Luther,  m.  Hannah  Kimball. 
America,  m.  Huldah  Keyes. 
Sally,  m.  Jabez  Brown. 
Sophia,  m.  John  Brown. 
Silas,  m.  Martha  Atherton. 
Lewis. 
Fanny,  m.  William  Burnhara. 

William  Henry,  m.  Brown. 

Rufus  G. 

America  Hamlin  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Huldah  Keyes, 
was  son  of  America  Hamlin,  and  settled  south  of  his  father, 
near  Harrison. 

Children : 
Albert,  m.  Sarah  Woodsom. 

Nancy,  m. Long. 

Maria,  m. Wilkins. 

Edwin,  m.  Martha  Lombard. 

Lovina,  m. Kennison. 

Almira. 
Jenny. 

Luther  Hamlin  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Hannah  Kimball, 
was  son  of  America  Hamlin,  and  resided  on  the  home  place 
daring  a  part  of  his  life. 

Children : 
George,  m.  1st,  Esther  Weston ;  2d,  Martha  Woodard ;   3d,  Charlotte 

Angle. 
Calvin,  m.  Maria  Brown. 
Luther. 
Prescott. 
Mary. 

Capt.  Poiadore  Hamlin  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Nancy 
Park,  was  son  of  Africa  Hamlin,  and  resided  on  the  old  place. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  253 

Children : 
Eliza  Ann,  m.  Enoch  PeiTy.  . 

Margaretta,  d.  young. 

Eleazer  Hamlin  married  Sally  Bancroft.  He  came 
with  his  brothers  from  Harvard,  and  settled  in  the  south-west 
part  of  the  town.  He  was  trusted  in  town  affairs,  and  repre- 
sented the  town  in  the  legislature. 

Children : 
Francis,  m,  1st,  Rebecca  Parker;  2d,  Mrs.  Harding;  3d,  Elvira  Bisbee- 
Addison,  m.  Betsey  Kneeland. 

John,  m.  1st,  Mary  Evans;  2d,  Caroline  Evans;  3d,  Mary  Rich, 
William,  m.  Louisa  Billings. 
Sally. 

David  T.,  m.  Harriet  Robbins. 
Lucy. 

Eleazer,  m.  Mary  Ann  Hapgood. 
Also  several  infants. 

Maj.  Hannibal  Hamlin  married  Susan  Faulkner.  He 
came  with  his  brothers  to  Waterford  from  Harvard ;  resided 
where  John  Everett  now  lives ;  held  town  office  and  was  high 
sheriff  for  Oxford  county. 

Children : 
Susan,  m.  William  W.  Stone. 
Rebecca  F.,  m.  Charles  Farley. 
Hannibal,  m.  Fannie  Abbott. 
Cyrus,  D.D.,  president  at  Robert  College,  Turkey;   m.  1st,  Henrietta 

Jackson;  2d,  Miss  Lovell,  missionary  in  Turkey;  3d,  Mary  Ten- 

ney,  also  missionary  in  Turkey. 

HAPGOOD. 

Capt.  Hezekiah  Hapgood  married  Dorcas  Whitcomb. 
He  came  from  Stow,  Mass.,  in  1797 ;  lived  in  the  south  part  of 
the  town ;  was  by  occupation  a  farmer. 


254  HISTORY  OF  WATEEFOED. 

Children : 
Sally,  m.  Gedothan  Alexander. 
Mercy,  m.  Moses  Nourse. 
Betsey,  m.  Jesse  Dunham. 
Jonathan. 

Ephraim,  m.  Fanny  Willard. 
William,  m.  Mary  Hai-nden. 
Sprout,  m.  Betsey  Sawin. 
Polly,  m.  Elbridge  Harnden. 
Hezekiah. 

Thomas  (Capt.),  m.  Jane  McWain. 
Catharine,  m.  Silas  Warren, 

Capt.  Ephraim  Hapgood  (2d  gen.),  born  1788,  who  married 
Fanny  Willakd,  was  son  of  Hezekiah  Hapgood.  The  family 
moved  from  Stow,  Mass.,  in  1797.  He  lived  in  several  places 
in  town ;  was  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Eliza  A.,  m.  Charles  A.  Ford, 

Sherman  W.,  m. Fletcher  in  Anson. 

Frances. 

Conant  B. 

Nancy,  m.  G.  A.  Stewart. 

Charles,  m. Savage. 

Sprout  Hapgood  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Betsey  Sawin, 
was  son  of  Hezekiah  Hapgood  ;  was  farmer  on  the  west  side  of 
Temple  hill,  afterward  merchant.  He  was  adjutant  in  the  mi- 
litia. 

Children : 
Lyman,  m.  Elizabeth  Smith, 
Margarette,  m.  Enoch  Moody. 
Lydia,  m.  Dr.  Levi  Howard. 
Frances. 

Andrew,  m.  Annie  Winter. 
Annette. 
Helen. 


EECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  255 

Oliver  Hapgood,  born  1762,  married  Lucy  Tuttle.  He 
was  from  Stow,  Mass. ;  settled  in  the  south  part  of  the  town ; 
a  farmer. 

Children : 

Ephraim,  b.  1786;  m. Boston;  the  first  male  child  born  in  town. 

Lucy,  b.  1788 ;  m.  Samuel  Town. 
Artemas,  b.  1789 ;  m.  Betsey  Haskell. 
Nathaniel  T.,  b.  1791. 
Oliver,  b.  1794;  m.  Abigail  Welch. 

Ephraim  Hapgood  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Boston, 

was  the  first  male  child  born  in  town. 

Children : 
Ephraim,  b.  1815. 
Lucy  E.,b.  1817. 
Willis  S.,  b.  1819. 
Oliver,  b.  1822;  m.  Jael  Sanderson. 

John  F.,  b.  1824;  m. Young. 

Richard. 

HASKELL. 

Samuel  Haskell  (the  name  of  his  wife  I  have  not  found) 
came  from  Stow,  Mass.,  and  lived  on  the  south  side  of  Tom 
pond,  where  Henry  Young  now  lives ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Betsey,  m.  Orlando  Coolidge. 
John,  m.  Thirza  Stone. 
Samuel,  found  dead  in  the  woods. 
Ward. 

Two  daughters,  names  not  ascertained. 
George,  d.d.,  a  Baptist  clergyman  in  Michigan. 

HASKINS. 

Robert  Haskins,  born  1774,  married  in  1797  Rebecca  Em- 
MERSON,  born  1776.  They  moved  to  Waterford  from  Boston 
in  1802  ;  settled  on  Plummer  hill,  afterward  on  the  place  now 


256  HISTOKY  OF  WATEEFORD. 

called  "  Elm  Vale,"  in  South  Waterford,  near  Bear  pond.  Mr. 
Haskins  was  one  of  sixteen  children,  three  of  whom  died 
young.  The  average  age  of  the  thirteen  that  lived  was  eighty 
years.  He  was  a  fai-mer  and  manufacturer.  The  father  of 
Mrs.  Haskins  was  Rev.  William  Emerson  of  Concord,  Mass., 
who  served  as  chaplain  and  lost  his  life  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  was  her  nephew.  They  brought 
their  second  babe  to  town  in  a  basket  as  its  bed,  lashed  to  the 
front  of  the  chaise,  the  first  vehicle  of  the  kind  ever  seen  in 
town,  it  is  said.  The  horse  was  led  by  the  bit  nearly  all  the 
way  from  the  foot  of  Long  pond  by  reason  of  the  badness  of 
the  road. 

Children  : 

Rebecca  E,,  b.  1799;  m.  Castela  Hamlin,  m.d. 

Thomas  W.,  b.  1801 ;  m.  Mary  Ann  Loren. 

Phebe  R.,b.  1803;  m.  John  Chamberlain.  She  was  baptized  at  ser- 
vice held  in  the  barn  of  Rev.  Mr.  Ripley. 

Robert,  b.  1804 ;  m.  Lucretia  Childs. 

William  E.,  b.  1806;  m.  F.  M.  Hodges. 

Ralph  T.,  b.  1808 ;  m.  M.  A.  Browning. 

Casper  L.,  b.  1810. 

Lincoln  Ripley,  b.  1812. 

Samuel  M.,  d.d.,  b.  1813;  m.  1st,  Adeline  Peck;  2d,  Sarah  Weldman. 

Hannah  U.,  b.  1814;  m.  Augustus  Parsons. 

Sarah  R.,  b.  1816;  m.  Samuel  Ansley. 

Charlotte  F.,  b.  1823;  m.  1st.  Rev.  Charles  Cleaveland;  2d,  William 
Cleaveland. 


HAY. 

Chables  Hay,  m.d.,  born  1768,  married  in  1797  Ciiloe 
Smith,  born  1774,  in  Taunton,  Mass.  They  moved  to  Water- 
ford  from  Turner,  Me.,  in  1798,  and  resided  just  north  of  the 
old  church,  where  Miss  Kingman  now  lives. 


RECOED  OF  FAMILIES.  257 

Children : 
Charles,  m.  1st,  Mary  Jones ;  2cl,  Henrietta  B.  Bessy. 
Vesta  L.,  m.  Washington  Hartshorn. 
Nancy  L.,  m.  Allen  Parsons . 
John  K.,  d.  aged  18. 
Charlotte  T.,  m.  Francis  Sweetsir. 
Eliza  B.,  m.  Levi  G.  Crosman. 
Joseph  E.,  d.  early. 
George  S.,  m.  Eunice  C.  Babb. 
Joseph  E.,  2d,  d.  aged  18. 
Sophia  A.,  m.  Appleton  Hay. 
Zilpha  A.,  unmamed. 
Henry  H.,  m.  1st,  Josephine  S.  Gilson;  2d,  Eleanor  Seavey. 

HOBSON. 

Moses  Hobson,  born  1779,  married  Lucy  Walcott.  He 
came  to  Waterford  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  in  1793 ;  resided  in 
North  Waterford,  just  south  of  the  village;  was  a  farmer. 

Children : 

Catherine  S.,  b.  1805 ;  m.  Sumner  Stone. 
Laurena,  b.  1807 ;  m.  Peter  C.  Mosher. 
James  F.,  b.  1811. 

George  (Capt.),  b.  1816;  m.  Philena  Stevens. 
Elizabeth,  b.  1819. 

HORR. 

Philip  Horr  married  Han"N"ah  Harrington.  Mr.  Horr 
moved  from  Norton,  Mass.,  to  Brookfield,  Mass.,  and  thence  to 
Waterford.  His  was  the  first  family  as  such  in  town.  Mrs. 
Horr  was  the  first  woman  in  town.  They  came  here  soon  after 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  lived  half  a  mile  west  of  Joel  S. 
Plummer. 

Children : 
Hannah,  m.  Asa  Johnson. 
Asa. 
Isaac,  m.  Rebecca  Heald. 

John,  m.  1st, Atherton;  2d,  Anna  Hobbs. 

Abram,  m.  Mary  Hall. 
Abigail,  m.  Elijah  Potter. 


258  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Isaac  Horr  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Rebecca  Heald,  was 
son  of  Philip,  and  came  with  the  family  from  Massachusetts  ; 
settled  in  North  Waterford. 

Children : 
Tryphena,  b.  1795;  m,  Jonathan  Bartlett. 
Betsey,  b.  1796. 

Stephen,  b.  1798;  m.  Hannah  Adams. 
Betsey,  b.  1800. 
Isaac  C,  b.  1802 ;  m.  Eleanor  Flint. 

Josiah,  b.  1804 ;  m.  1st,  Hannah  Heald ;  2d, . 

Asa,  b.  1806. 

Rebecca  H.,  b.  1808;  ra.  Robert  L.  Allen. 

Calvin,  b.  1810;  m.  Harriet  Paine. 

Mary,  b.  1814 ;  m.  1st.  Cyrus  Haskell ;  2d.  Joseph  Riggs. 

Abram  Horr  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Mary  Hall,  was  son 
of  Philip  Horr;  came  with  him  from  Massachusetts  and  helped 
make  the  first  family  as  such  that  settled  in  Waterford.  He 
resided  on  the  old  place. 

Children : 
Eleanor,  m.  Stephen  Plummer. 
William,  m.  Mary  Davis. 
Daniel,  m.  Louisa  Estes. 
Sarah,  m.  Leonard  Jones. 
Hannah,  m.  Nathaniel  Barker. 
Philip,  m.  1st,  Catherine  Estes;  2d,  Mary  Nay. 
Frederick. 

HOUGHTON. 

Maj.  Jonathan  Houghton  married  first  Rachel  Hale  ; 
second,  Mrs.  Mary  Bryant.  He  was  from  Harvard,  Mass.; 
lived  in  West  Waterford ;  was  a  cooper  and  farmer. 

Children : 
Abel,  b.  1784 ;  m.  1st,  Betsey  Green ;  2d,  Lydia  Green. 
Jonathan,  b.  1786 ;  m.  1st,  Thirza  Flint ;  2d,  Susan  Littlefield. 
Mary,  b.  1788 ;  m.  Levi  Howard. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  259 

Josiah  (Rev.),  b.  1790;  m.  1st,  Joan  Richards;  2d,  E.  Richards. 

Henry,  b.  1791;  m.  1st,  Melinda  Brj'aat;  2d,  Susan  Brown. 

Rachel,  b.  1793 ;  m.  Artemus  Fairbanks. 

Sally,  b.  1795;  m.  Stephen  Nourse. 

Mary,  b.  1797. 

Betsey,  b.  1799;  m.  Abram  Whitcomb. 

Cyrus  (Lieut.),  b.  1801;  m.  Leonora  Thorpe. 

f*;;-.}b.i603. 

Lewis  W.,  M.D.,  b.  1806;  m.  1st,  Mary  Ann  Nourse;  2d,  Esther  Wes- 
ton ;  3d,  Susan  Henrys. 

Capt.  Abel  Houghton  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Betsey 
Greex,  second,  Lydia  Greex,  was  son  of  Maj.  Jonathan 
Houghton,  and  came  to  Waterford  with  the  family.  He  re- 
sided in  several  places  in  town  ;  was  a  farmer  and  house  joiner, 
and  kept  hotel  in  the  City. 

Children : 

Luther,  m.  1st,  Ruth  P.  Jewett;  2d,  Mary  Hale. 

Calvin,  m.  Maria  Billings. 

Betsey,  m.  M.  R.  Mason. 

Levi  H.,  m.  Elizabeth  Robbins. 

Daniel,  I  m.  Jane  Jacobs. 

Eliza,    )  m.  1st,  Leander  Willard ;  2d,  Asa  Fletcher. 

Dea.  Jonathan  Houghton  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first 
Thieza  Flint,  second,  Susan  Littlefield,  resided  in  West 
Waterford,  having  exchanged  with  his  brother  Abel  in  the 
care  and  support  of  his  parents ;  a  farmer. 

Child : 
Louisa,  m.  Calvin  Whitcomb. 

Dea.  Henry  Houghton  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Me- 
linda Bryant,  second,  Susan  Brown,  resided  first  where 
Samuel  H.  Warren  now  lives,  then  kept  hotel  at  the  Flat, 
afterward  in  Windham,  where  he  was  in  trade ;  afterward  in 
Norway. 


260  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children  : 
Mary  Ann,  m.  George  Plummer. 
Henry,  died. 

Melinda  B.,  m.  James  McPhail. 

Edwin  Brown,  major  in  the  army,  also  historian  of  the  regiment. 
Frank,  m.  Louise  Goodrich. 

HOWE. 

Hon.  Nathaniel  Howe  married  Mary  Chase.  He  came 
to  Waterford  from  North  Bridgton  ;  resided  in  the  lower  vil- 
lage, where  Mr.  Young  now  lives.  He  was  a  lawyer  of  dis- 
tinction and  a  member  of  the  State  senate. 

Children : 

William  L.,  m. . 

Algernon  S.,  m.  Caroline  Bradbury. 

Lucy,  m.  George  W.  Andrews. 

Mary,  m.  Rev.  Jacob  Chapman. 

Augusta. 

Ophelia,  m.  Simon  Andrews. 

Charles,  m.  Mary  F.  Longley. 

MosES  Howe  married  first  Elizabeth  Temple;  second, 
Esther  Hale.  He  came  from  Marlborough,  Mass.,  and  re- 
sided in  West  Waterford  ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Hannah,  b.  1802. 

Janette,  b.  1803;  m.  Lieut.  Joseph  Hale. 
Melinda,  b.  1804. 

Almerino,  b.  1806;  m.  Mary  Rand. 
Lucy. 

Betsey,  m.  John  Farwell. 
Harriet. 

JEWELL. 

Ezra  Jewell  married  Sarah  Conant.  He  moved  from 
Stow,  Mass. ;  lived  in  the  lower  village,  called  the  City ;  was 
the  fifth  family  in  town. 


RECOKD  OF  FAMILIES.  261 

Children : 
Nathan,  b.  1780;  m.  Betsey  Pollard. 
Sally,  b.  1782;  m.  Oliver  Stone. 

Lewis,  b.  178.5 ;  m.  1st,  Nancy  Longley ;  2d,  Lydia  Spurr. 
Mary,  b.  1789 ;  ra.  Nathan  Brooks. 
Charlotte,  b.  1791 ;  m.  Maj.  William  Morse. 
Ezra,  b.  1794;  m.  Charlotte  Brooks. 

Nathan  Jewell  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Betsey  Pollard, 
was  son  of  Ezra  Jewell,  and  came  with  the  family  from  Stow, 
Mass.     He  lived  in  the  City,  and  was  a  miller. 

Children : 
Betsey,  b.  1804;  m.  Archibald  Dunmore. 
Lorinda,  b.  1805;  m.  Samuel  Dearborn. 
Ezra,  b.  1807 ;  m.  1st,  Frances  Sawyer ;  2d,  Eliza  O.  Kimball. 
Nathan,  b.  1809;  m.  Elizabeth  Treat. 

Jonathan,  b.  1810;  m.  1st,  Achsah  E.  Bailey;  2d,  Harriet  M.  Peck. 
David,  b.  1812;  m.  Lucretia  Burnham. 
Lydia  S.,  b.  1814;  m.  Spenser  Skinner. 
William,  b.  1816. 

Mary  B.,  b.  1818:  m.  Lewis  Bowman. 
Levi,  b.  1820. 

Lewis  Jewell  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Nancy  Long- 
ley,  second,  Lydia  Spurb,  was  son  of  Ezra  Jewell ;  lived  just 
above  the  lower  village ;  was  the  owner  of  mills ;  was  often  in 
public  ofiice.     He  had  no  children. 

John  Jewell,  born  1759,  married  Lucy  Cutting,  born 
1752.     He  lived  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the  town. 

Children : 
John,  b.  1788. 
Danford,  b.  1790. 
Betsey,  b.  1792. 


262  HISTOET  OF  WATERFORD. 

JEWETT. 

Capt.  Stephen  Jewett,  born  1743,  married  in  1764  Eliza- 
beth Little,  bom  1744.  Capt.  Jewett  moved  from  Rowley, 
Mass.,  about  the  year  1790 ;  settled  where  Samuel  H.  Warren 
now  lives,  in  North  Waterford.  See  elsewhere  a  brief  de- 
scription of  him  as  a  man.  He  bore  the  office  of  deacon  in 
the  church,  and  died  in  1822,  his  wife  in  1819. 

Children: 
Nathan,  b.  1765;  m.  Hannah  Emerson. 
Ruth,  b.  1767;  d.  1790. 
Ebenezer,  b.  1768;  d.  1768. 
Ebenezer,  b.  1770;  d.  1771. 
Ebenezer.  b.  1772;  m.  1st,  Susan  Stickney  in  1794;  2d,  Mary  Farring- 

ton,  b.  1780. 
Nathaniel,  b.  1773;  d.  1798. 
Hannah,  b.  1776;  m.  Jonathan  Plummer. 
Elizabeth,  b.  1778;  m.  Samuel  Plummer. 

Nathan  Jewett  (2d  gen.),  born  17(35,  married  Hannah 
Emerson  in  1792.  Mr.  Jewett  was  born  in  Rowley,  Mass. ; 
was  son  of  Dea.  Stephen  Jewett ;  settled  on  the  farm  now 
owned  by  Peter  C.  Mosher,  in  North  Waterford.  He  removed 
to  Buckfield  about  the  year  1821. 

Children : 

Stephen,  b.  1793;  time  and  manner  of  death  unknown. 

Emerson,  b.  1795;  m.  1st,  Dorcas  A.  Beard;  2d,  Martha  Mills. 

Mighill,  b.  1797 ;  was  a  Baptist  preacher,  afterward  Universalist. 

Henry,  b.  1799;  d.  in  Massachusetts. 

Daniel,  b.  1801;  m.  1st,  Sarah  Mann;  2d,  EUzabeth  Manning. 

Albert,  b.  1803;  resides  in  Waterford. 

Stillman,  b.  1804;  m.  Judith  Plummer. 

Mary,  b.  1806;  m.  James  G.  Sanborn. 

Louisa,  b.  1809. 

Sumner,  b.  1811 ;  m.  Mary  E.  Ray. 

Lyman,  d.d.,  b.  1813;  m.  Ephemia  Davis;  is  a  missionary  in  the  Tel- 
igu  country,  India;  is  learned  in  the  ancient  languages  and  trans- 
lator of  the  Scriptures  into  the  Teligu  language. 


RECORD  OP  FAMILIES.  263 

Lieut.  Ebenezer  Jewett  (2d  gen.),  born  1772,  married 
first,  in  1794,  Susan  Stickney,  born  1770,  died  1796;  second, 
in  1797,  Mary  Farrinqton,  born  1780.  He  was  son  of  Dea. 
Stephen  Jewett;  lived  just  south  of  where  Farnum  Jewett 
now  lives;  was  a  farmer  and  inn-holder. 

Children : 
Ebenezer,  b.  1796;  m.  Tabitha  Frye. 
Nathaniel,  b.  1798 ;  m.  Sarah  Frye. 
Susan,  b.  1799 ;  m.  Gen.  Parsons  Haskell. 
Jacob  F.,  b.  1801;  m.  1st,  Julia  Merrill;  2d,  Ann  Holmes. 
Philander,  b.  1803. 

Leander,  b.  1804;  m.  1st,  Lucy  Conant;  2d,  Mary  Hastings. 
Maria,  b.  1806 ;  m.  William  Boswell. 
Farnum,  b.  1808;  m.  Louisa  Wood. 
Ruth  P.,  b.  1811 ;  m.  Capt.  Luther  Houghton. 
Otis,  b.  1812. 
Milton,  b.  1814;  m.  1st,  Harriet  Dresser;   2d,  Eliza  Sanderson;   Sd, 

Mrs.  Packai'd. 
Caroline  E.,  b.  1820. 
Stephen,  b.  1822. 

Ebenezer  Jewett  (3d  gen.),  who  married  Tabitha  Frye, 
was  gi'andson  of  Stephen  Jewett  and  son  of  Ebenezer  Jewett, 
He  lived  in  Ijhe  Plumraer  district  on  the  south  slope  of  Rice 
hill. 

Children : 
Henry  A.,  b.  1820;  m.  1st,  Tabitha  Chaplin ;  2d,  Abbie  A.  Webster. 
Isaac  F.,  b,  1822. 
Nathaniel,  b.  1824. 
Samuel  S. 
Abbie. 

Samuel  S.,  m. Noyes. 

Susan  P.,  m.  George  Rand. 
Isaac  F.,  m.  Nancy  Warren. 


264  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Nathaniel  Jewett  (3d  gen.),  who  married  Sarah  Fbye, 
was  son  of  Ebenezer,  sen.,  and  grandson  of  Capt.  Stephen 
Jewett.  He  lived  in  a  part  of  his  father's  house  where  his 
grandparents  had  lived  and  died.  He  worked  at  carding  and 
clothing  in  North  Waterford.  His  widow  married  Capt.  Jacob 
H.  Greene.     They  had  the  following 

Children : 

Edwin  F.,  b.  1829. 

William  W.,  M.D.,  b.  1831;  m.  1st,  Elizabeth  Carlton;  2d,  Elizabeth 
Lawrence. 

Edwin  F.,  b.  1833. 

Sarah  A.,  b.  1835;  m.  Osgood  Bailey. 

Jacob  L.,  b.  1837;  m.  1st,  Melorna  Wood;  2d,  Caroline  Barron.  He 
was  colonel  in  the  war;  attorney  at  law;  now  president  of  an  in- 
surance company  in  Hartford,  Conn. 

George  F.,  b.  1840;  m.  Deborah  Rideout. 

Samuel  F.,  b.  1843;  m.  Caroline  C.  Howard;  is  teacher  in  college  for 
mutes  in  Canada  West. 

JOHNSON. 

Abner  Johnson,  m.d,,  born  1787,  married  in  1812  Julia 
Sargent,  born  1785.  Dr.  Johnson  was  a  native  of  Bridgton, 
Me.  He  resided  while  in  town  just  north  of  the  old  meeting- 
house; was  afterward  extensively  known  as  inventor  and  man- 
ufacturer of  the  "Anodyne  Liniment."  He  died  in  1847;  his 
wife  in  1877,  aged  92. 

Children : 
Harriet  S.,  b.  1813;  m.  Rev.  Aaron  C.  Adams. 
MaryS.,  b.  1816;  d.  1838. 
Charlotte  E.,  b.  1818;  m.  William  S.  McKay. 

Samuel  J.,  b.  1821;  m.  1st,  Lauretta  Parker;  2d,  Elizabeth  Tasker. 
Thomas  S.,  b.  1S25;  m.  R.  C.  Wright;  d.  1850. 
Charles  F.  A.,  b.  1827;  m.  Sarah  C.  Jewett. 

Dudley  H.,  b.  1830;  m.  Sarah  Ketchum;  was  killed  at  Chancellor- 
ville  1863. 


RECORD  OP  FAMILIES.  265 

Asa  Johnson,  born  1761,  married  Hannah  Horr,  born 
1763.  He  cnrae  to  Waterford  in  1786  from  Templeton,  Mass. ; 
lived  in  the  east  part  of  the  town  ;  a  farmer.  He  was  one  of 
the  early  settlers  in  Waterford. 

Children : 
Clarissa,  b.  1787 ;  m.  Caleb  Hersey.    She  was  the  first  girl  born  in 

town. 
Hannah,  b.  1788 ;  m.  Henry  Sawin. 
Asa,  b.  1791 ;  m.  Charlotte  Peabody, 
Lucy,  b.  1794;  m.  Abram  Newbegin. 
Ira,  b.  1796 ;  m.  Mary  Towne. 
Sally,  b.  1798;  m.  Thomas  Sawin. 
Elijah,  b.  1800 ;  m.  Lucy  Goddard. 
Mary,  b.  1802 ;  m.  Joseph  Riggs. 
Leonica,  b.  1804 ;  m.  Samuel  Whiting. 

These  lived  till  the  youngest  was  over  forty  years  of  age.  The 
Johnson  family  generally  were  remarkable  for  longevity. 

JONES. 

Silas  Jones  married  Rebecca  Powers.  They  removed  to 
Waterford  from  Berlin,  Mass.,  in  1798.  I  can  get  no  further 
account  of  the  family  than  these  names. 

Children : 
Rebecca. 
Silas. 
William. 
Anne. 
Samuel. 
Lorenzo. 
Dolly. 
Caleb. 
Mary. 

KILBORN. 

Capt.  Isaac  Kilborn  married  first,  Hannah  Sweet  ;  sec- 
ond, Abigail  Fowler.     He  was  from  Ipswich,  Mass.;  came 
18 


266  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

to  Watevford  about  the  year  1808 ;  resided  in  the  north  part 
of  the  town  in  several  places,  afterward  removed  to  Windham 
and  kept  hotel;  had  great  physical  strength,  and  served  in  de- 
fense of  Portland  in  1814. 

Children : 
Ruth,  m.  Jacob  Manchester. 
Hannah,  m.  Stephen  Pettengill. 
Joseph,  m.  Hannah  Sweetsir. 
Eliza,  m.  Joseph  Motley. 
Isaac,  m.  1st,  Hannah  Kemp :  2d,  Catherine  Leavitt. 

KILBORNE. 

Thomas  Kilboene,  born  1792,  married  in  1823  Lydia  War- 
ren, born  1803.  He  came  from  Boscawen,  N.  H.,  in  1820  ; 
settled  in  North  Waterford  on  the  Nathan  Jewett  place,  now 
owned  by  Peter  C.  Mosher ;  moved  to  West  Waterford  where 
Capt.  Abel  Houghton  had  resided ;  is  now  settled  on  the  Proc- 
tor place.  North  Waterford,  with  his  son  William  W. 

Children : 
Samuel  W.,  d.  in  infancy. 
Samuel  W.,  2d,  m.  Sarah  S.  Grover. 
Thomas  P.,  d.  1848. 
Charles  P.,  d.  about  1850. 

Parley  W.,  m.  Phebe  A.  Gould;  lives  in  Missouri. 
Mary  Ann,  m.  Joshua  Saunders. 

William  W.,  m.  Maria  Saunders;  was  wounded  in  the  war. 
Sarah,  ra.  William  L.  Grover. 

Daniel  W.,  d.  in  Washington,  D.  C,  of  a  wound  received  in  battle. 
Amos  G.,  d.  young. 
Emma. 

KILGORE. 

Benjamin  Kilgore,  born  1768,  married  Olive  Grover. 
He  came  to  Waterford  in  1795  from  Shelburne,  N.  H.  He 
was  a  farmer,  and  lived  where  his  son.  Col.  Andorus  Kilgore, 
afterward  resided. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  267 

Children : 
Andorus,  b.  1795;  m.  1st,  Eliza  Roberts ;  2d,  Harriet  Lord;  3d,  Lovi- 

na  Holden. 
Benjamin,  b.  179T;  m.  Annie  Kimball. 
Sallie,  b.  1799;  m.  Jobn  Roberts. 
Abigail,  b.  1800;  m.  John  Guerney. 
Oliver. 


Col.  Akdorus  Kilgore  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first,  Eliza 
Roberts;  second,  Harriet  Lord;  third,  Lovina  Holdek,  was 
son  of  Benjamin  Kilgore ;  came  with  the  family  to  Waterford 
in  1795  from  Shelburne,  N.  H. ;  lived  on  the  old  place. 

Children : 
Harriet,  b.  1827 ;  m.  Edward  Cobb. 
John,  b.  1830;  m.  Mary  McKnight. 
Jane,  b,  1833;  m.  George  B.  Miller. 
Julia,  b.  1836. 


Benjamiis"  Kilgore  (2d  gen.),  born  1796,  who  married 
Emma  Kimball,  was  son  of  Benjamin  Kilgore;  came  to  town 
with  the  family,  and  resided  near  the  old  farm,  just  south  of 
Tom  pond. 

Children : 
Olive,  m.  George  Waterhouse. 
William,  m.  out  West. 
Joseph,  m.  Mercy  Abbott. 
Emma,  m.  Charles  Shepherd. 
Thirza,  m.  Israel  Dudley. 
Kimball,  m.  Betsey  Abbott. 
Abigail,  m.  Levi  Brown. 
Charlotte,  m.  James  Kimball. 
Drusilla,  m.  Stephen  Pettee. 


268  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

KIMBALL, 

Isaac  Kimball,  born  about  1740,  married  Abigail  Ray- 
mond, born  1742.  Mr.  Kimball  was  from  Wilton,  Mass. ;  lived 
in  South  Waterford,  near  where  Mr.  Ellis  now  resides. 

Children : 
Abigail,  b.  1763. 
Isaac,  b.  1765. 

John,  b.  1767 ;  m. Billings. 

David,  b.  1769 ;  m.  Mille  Stone. 

Mary,  b.  1771 ;  m.  Seth  Wbeeler. 

Jonathan,  b.  1773;  m.  1st,  Abigail  Holt;  2d,  Betsey  Bowers. 

George,  b.  1775. 

Abigail,  b.  1778 ;  m.  John  Wilkins. 

Sarah,  b.  1780 ;  m.  Daniel  Billings. 

Hannah,  b.  1783 ;  m.  Luther  Hamlin. 

William,  b.  1785;  m.  Abigail  Scripture. 

Betsey,  m. Fiske. 


David  Kimball  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Mille  Stone,  lived 
on  the  Flat ;  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade. 


Children : 
Mille,  m.  William  Morse. 
Asenath,  m.  George  Wheeler. 
David,  m.  in  Massachusetts. 

Polly,  m. Davis. 

Dimmy,  m.  Thomas  Owen. 

Sumner  (Capt.),  m.  Sally  Atherton. 

Achsah. 

Luther,  m.  Affie  Blaisdell. 

Lorinda,  m.  Haven  Hutchinson. 

Jane,  m.  John  Dodge. 

Joel,  m.  Oliva  Watson. 

George  K.,  m.  Harriet  McKinuey;  was  a  stage  driver  and  owner. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  269 

Jonathan  Kimball  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first  Abigail 
Holt,  second,  Betsey  Bowers,  was  sou  of  Isaac  Kimball, 
and  settled  on  the  old  place. 

Children : 
Sarah,  m.  Ephraim  Davenport. 
Jonathan. 

Isaac,  m.  Mary  Adams. 
Jonathan. 

Wilder  B.,  m.  Mary  Edwards. 
EUzabeth  K.,  m.  Thomas  Greene. 

Abigail  H.,  m.  Rev.  Cyrus  Stone,  a  missionary  in  India. 
George,  m.  Ednah  Blackington. 
John. 
Mary. 

John  Kisiball,  born  1758,  married  1781  Susanna  Knight, 
born  1758.  He  came  from  Portland,  and  settled  one  mile 
north  of  the  Flat  in  the  Pluramer  district;  a  farmer;  was  a 
leading  man  in  the  Baptist  church. 

Children : 
John,  m.  Nancy  Day. 
Amelia. 
Joseph. 
William. 

Susan,  m.  Joshua  Gordon. 
Eliza. 
Moses. 

Charles  F.,  m.  Betsey  Waite. 
Jane,  m.  Samuel  Plumraer. 
George,  m.  Lucinda  Brovrn. 

KINGMAN. 

William  Kingman  married  Elizabeth  Monroe  in  1809. 
He  came  to  Waterford  from  Portland  about  the  year  1831 ; 
lived  just  north  of  the  old  meeting-house;  was  farmer  and 
cabinet  maker. 


270  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
William,  m.  1st,  Harriet  Plummer ;  2d,  Caroline  Howell. 
John,  m.  Charlotte  Allen. 
Harriet  N". 
Elizabeths.,  m,  Oren  A.  Horr,  m.d.  Mrs.  H.  is  an  authorized  physician. 

KNIGHT. 

Abel  Knight  married  Mercy  Watson  in  1794.  He  lived 
in  the  east  part  of  the  town,  in  what  is  called  Gambo  district ; 
a  farmer. 

Children : 
Coleman  W.,  m.  Ann  Libbey. 
Isaac  (Rev.),  m.  Phebe  Beeman. 
John,  m,  Mercy  Bangs. 
James,  m.  Lucy  Upton. 

Hannah,  m. . 

Abner  F.,  m.  Mary  Watson. 
Ruth,  m.  Sylvester  Mason. 
Patience,  m.  Jonathan  Kimball. 
Mary,  m.  Joseph  Huse. 

LONGLEY. 

Eli  Longley,  born  1762,  married  in  1789  Mary  Whitcomb, 
born  1767.  He  removed  from  Bolton,  Mass.,  in  1789 ;  settled 
just  north  of  the  Flat,  afterward  on  the  Flat,  where  Dr.  Shat- 
tuck's  establishment  now  is.  He  was  postmaster,  inn-holder, 
merchant,  and  held  various  town  offices.  He  removed  in  1817 
to  Raymond.  The  date  on  his  "sign"  in  Waterford  and  in 
Raymond  was  "  1797." 

Children : 
Polly,  b.  1785 ;  m.  Samuel  Wheeler. 
Eli,  b.  1787 ;  m.  1st,  Betsey  Barker ;  2d,  Laura  McWain. 
Sally,  b.  1790;  m.  Stephen  Sanborn. 
Lucy,  b.  1792. 


EECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  271 

George  W.,  b.  1794;  m.  Abigail  Spurr. 

Sophia,      ),    iTQA.    m.  Winthiop  Brown,  M.D. 
Lucinda,  J  "'  ■^'""'    m.  1st,  Eben  Cross;  2d,  John  Mead. 

Lucy,  b.  1799;  d.  1878. 

Rebecca,  b.  1802 ;  m.  Hon.  John  Sawyer. 

Laurinda,  b.  1805;  m.  Dea.  James  Walker. 

Fannie  W.,  b.  1807. 

Mary  A.,  b.  1808;  m.  Daniel  Cook. 

Fisher  A.,  b.  1812. 

Eli  Longley  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first,  Betsy  Bar- 
ker ;  second,  Mrs.  Laura  McWain,  was  son  of  Eli  Longley, 
and  came  with  the  family  from  Bolton,  Mass.,  in  1789.  He  set- 
tled in  the  east  part  of  the  town,  near  the  head  of  McWain's 
pond,  and  kept  hotel.  His  second  wife  was  widow  of  David 
McWain,  and  they  resided  on  the  old  McWain  place. 

Children : 

David  M.  W.,  m. . 

Thomas  P. 
Elizabeth. 
Alvin. 

Jonathan  Longley  married  Mary  Osbournb.  He  came 
fi'om  Stow,  Mass. ;  lived  in  south-west  part  of  the  town ;  a 
farmer. 

Children : 
Thomas,  m.  in  Greene. 
Abel,  m.  Anne  Spurr. 
Nancy,  m.  Lewis  Jewell. 
Jonathan,  m.  Lydia  Robbins. 
James,  m.  Columba  Hubbard. 
Ira. 

Abel  Longley  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Anne  Spurr,  was 
son  of  Jonathan  Longley,  and  lived  on  the  old  place  on  the 
north  side  of  "  Perry  hill." 


272  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

One  child : 
Mary  F.,  m.  Charles  Howe. 

Jonathan  Longley  married  Susan  Barker.  He  was 
brother  to  Eli ;  lived  in  north-west  part  of  the  town,  just  south 
of  "Bald  Pate."  He  was  from  Stow,  Mass.  In  1817,  he 
moved  to  Kentucky,  with  his  numerous  family.  It  is  feared 
that  they  fell  a  prey  to  the  Indians.  He  was  noted  as  a  singer, 
and  for  skill  on  the  violin.  He  was  long  time  the  chorister ; 
he  also  taught  music. 

Children: 
Susan. 
Silas. 
Frauklin. 
Lucy. 
Arlington. 
Betsy. 
Leonard. 
Two  or  tbi-ee  others  not  remembered. 

McWAIN. 

David  McWain  married   first, ;   second,  Laura 

WiLLARD.  He  removed  from  Bangor,  N.  Y.,  to  Waterford, 
about  the  year  1824,  to  take  the  estate  left  hitn  by  his  uncle, 
David  McWain.     He  lost  his  first  wife  in  New  York. 

Children : 
Jane,  m.  Capt.  Thomas  Hapgood. 
William,  m.  Harriet  Kilgore. 
David,  m.  in  New  York. 
Leavett,  m.  Rebecca  Kilgore. 
Andrew. 

Angeliue,  m.  Marshall  Sanderson. 
Almoda,  m.  Charles  Sanderson,  lawyer. 


I 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES. 


273 


MONROE. 

William  Monroe,  Esq.,  bom  1779,  married  in  1798  Acii- 
SAH  Sawyer,  born  1778.  Esquire  Monroe  and  wife  came  to 
Waterford  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1802  ;  and  lived  in  the 
lower  village.  He  was  a  tanner  and  currier  by  trade,  also  was 
town  and  civil  magistrate. 

Children : 
William,  m.  Betsey  Atherton. 
Achsah,  m.  Dea.  Edward  Carltou. 
Eliza,  m.  Nathan  Barnard. 
Josiah,  m.  Jane  Sawin. 
Eebecca. 

Merrick,  m.  1st,  Eunice  Kennard ;  2d,  Betsey  Burke. 
John. 
Atherton. 

Daniel,  m.  1st,  Sarah  A.  Housen;  2d,  Elizabeth  Bent. 
Mary  E.,  m.  Daniel  L.  Millett. 
Calvin  B. 

Mercy  A.,  m.  John  Holt. 
Charles  W.,  m.  Abby  Kimball. 
Kebecca. 

William  Monroe  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Betsey  Ather- 
ton, was  son  of  Maj.  William  Monroe,  and  has  resided  in  sev- 
eral places  in  town  ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
William  A.,  m.  Harriet  Fogg. 
Elizabeth,  m.  Jonathan  R.  Longley. 
James  C,  m.  Catherine  Morse. 
Nancy,  m.  Warren  Bent. 
Joel  A.,  m.  Carrie  Handy. 
Amanda  M.,  m.  John  Shaw. 
Edward  C,  m.  1st, Combs ;  2d, . 

MOORE. 

Stephen  Moore  married  Mille  Davis  in  1804.  He  came 
from  Stow,  Mass.;  lived  on  the  east  side  of  "  Rice  Hill,"  in 
"Gambo;"  a  farmer;  was  remarkable  for  his  height,  six  feet 
and  six  or  seven  inches. 


274  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Abel,  ra.  Sophia  Brigham. 
Davis,  drowned  when  young;  1817. 

Milton,  married  in  Massachusetts,  name  not  known  to  us. 
Luke,  m.  Polly  Atherton. 
Cyrus,  m.  Hannah  Upton. 
Rufus,  m.  Eunice  Barker. 
Betsey. 
Jane. 

MORSE. 

William  Moese  married  first,  Ann  Wheeler;  second, 
Millie  Kimball.  He  came  to  Waterford  from  Stow,  Mass., 
and  settled  in  the  south  part  of  the  town. 

Children : 
William,  m.  Charlotte  Jewell;  inn-holder,  South  Waterford. 
Ann,  m.  Charles  Dorr. 
Henry. 

Harriet,  m. Howe. 

Albert,  m.  in  New  York  (name  not  known.) 

Jane. 

Jonathan,  m.  Chloe  Willard. 

Sarah. 

Major  William  Morse  (2d  gen.),  born  1791,  who  married 
Charlotte  Jewell,  was  son  of  William  Morse,  and  came  from 
Stow,  Mass.,   with  the  family.     He  kept  hotel  in  lower  village. 

Children : 
William,  b.  1816. 
Sarah,  b.  1817. 
Catharine,  b.  1820. 
George  Bradley,  b.  1823. 
Charlotte  Matilda,  m.  Albert  Stanwood. 

Jonathan  Morse  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Chloe  Willard, 
was  son  of  William  Morse,  sen.,  and  came  to  Waterford  with 
the  family  from  Stow.  He  lived  in  different  parts  of  the  town  ; 
was  farmer  and  drover. 


EECOKD  OP  FAMILIES.  275 

Children : 
Charlotte,  m.  Charles  Dorr. 
Granville,  m.  1st,  Sophronia  Stone;  2d,  Julia  Stone. 

Sarah,  m.  1st, Dorr;  2d, Jodonn. 

Six  children  died  in  infancy. 

MOULTON. 

JosiAH    MouLTON,   born    1776,   married   1792   Mary  , 

born  1776. 

Children : 
Sally,  b.  1797. 

Lydia,  b.  1799 ;  m.  John  Silla. 
Josiah,  b.  1801. 

NELSOK 

Moses  Nelson  married  Hitta  Pingree.  Originally  from 
Rowley,  Mass.;  they  came  from  Harrison,  Me.,  in  1817,  and  set- 
tled on  Temple  hill. 

Children : 
Jeremy,  m.  Deborah  Wheeler. 
Oliver,  m.  Rebecca  H.  Anderson. 
Moses,  m.  Margarette  Anderson. 
Joseph. 

Benjamin,  m.  Susan  Fogg. 
Mehitable,  m.  Benjamin  F.  Smith. 
Joseph,  m.  Mary  Weston. 
Chaplin,  m.  Emily  Hicks. 

MosES  Nelson  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Margarette  An- 
derson, lived  on  Temple  hill,  near  Harrison  ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 

George,  m. . 

Sarah. 
Anne. 

Oliver  Nelson  (2d  gen.),  married  Rebecca  H.  Anderson, 
and  resided  near  Moses  Nelson's,  on  Temple  hill.    No  children. 


276  HISTORY  OF  WATEKFORD. 

NOURSE. 

Deacon  John"  Nourse,  born  1740,  married  first,  Hezediah 
Hapgood,  born  1746;  second,  Sarah  Sawyer,  born  1753.  He 
came  from  Bolton,  Mass.,  in  1790 ;  settled  in  Gambo  district, 
north-east  jjart  of  the  town  ;  was  chosen  first  deacon  of  Congre- 
gational church.^ 

Children : 
Samuel,  m.  Rebecca  Moore. 
Mary,  m.  Jonas  Hohnan. 
John,  m.  Hannah  Whitcomb. 
Francis,  m.  Abigail  Puffer. 

Moses,  m.  1st,  Mercy  Hapgood ;  2d,  Dolly  Howard. 
Daniel. 
Judith. 

Lovina,  m.  Jonathan  Whitcomb. 
Eunice. 
Sally. 
Eunice,  2d. 

1 1  have  a  letter  from  Rev.  T.  T.  Stone,  d.d.,  Bolton,  Mass.,  giving 
some  recollections  of  Deacons  Nourse  and  Chamberlain,  of  so  much 
interest,  that  I  will  make  extracts  from  it. 

"  Can  you  remember  Deacons  Nourse  and  Chamberlain  as  I  do,  sit- 
ting in  the  deacons' seat,  under  the  pulpit  of  the  old  meeting-house? 
Deacon  Nourse  (the  name  used  to  be  Nurse,  no  o  in  it,)  was,  I  think,  a 
native  of  Bolton,  Mass.  A  nephew  of  his  was  for  some  time,  in  the 
same  official  relation  to  this  (Bolton)  church,  as  he  was  to  that  of  Wa- 
terford.  ...  I  have  a  very  distinct  remembrance  of  the  Waterford 
deacon,  and  of  his  family,  neighbors  of  my  father.  Of  the  more  impor- 
tant qualities  of  deacon  Nourse,  I  was  too  young  when  he  died,  to 
know  much.  But  of  some  more  superficial  traits,  I  retain  a  clear  rec- 
ollection. He  was  social  in  his  habits,  and  loved  to  call  on  his  neigh- 
bors, seeming  to  take  great  pleasure  in  telling  stories.  .  .  His  stories 
were  ratlier  of  the  humorous  kind  .  .  than  of  the  grave  and  serious 
order.  So,  indeed,  his  general  cast  was  rather  playful,  than  somber, 
though  there  was  no  doubt  (that  I  am  aware),  of  his  essential  earnest- 
ness. .  .  He  died  in  the  spring  of  1819,  of  measles. 

Deacon  Chamberlain  was  a  nearer  neighbor,  and  of  quite  different 
manners.  His  calls  were  seldom.  He  was  not  given  to  story-telling. 
He  was  comparatively  reserved  in  conversation;  was  grave,  not  hu- 
morous, though  without  the  sliglitest  toucli  of  severity,  or  of  affected 
solemnity.  A  man  of  real  worth,  without  pretense,  whose  religion 
penetrated  his  character,  but  never  displayed  itself  from  his  tongue. 
He  seemed  to  my  mind  as  one  of  tliose  men  whom  we  almost  instinc- 
tively feel  ourselves  inclined  to  pronounce  faultless.  Deacon  C.  was 
uncle  to  Daniel  Webster's  first  wife,  Grace  Fletcher.  He  once  fold  me 
that  this  niece  of  his  used  to  say  she  would  never  marry  a  man  who  did 
not  know  more  than  she  did.  Probably  the  world  would  say  she  kept 
her  resolution. 


KECOKD  OF  FAMILIES.  277 

Moses  Nourse  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first,  Mercy  Hap- 
good;  second,  Dolly  Howard,  was  son  of  Deacon  Nourse, 
and  came  with  the  family  to  Waterford,  and  resided  near  or 
with  his  father. 

Children : 
Nancy,  b.  1809;  m.  Daniel  Watson. 
Mercy,  b.  1811. 

Dolly,  b.  1812;  m.  Samuel  C.  Watson. 
Lovina,  b.  1814. 
Mary,  b.  1817. 
Daniel,  b,  1818. 

Eliza,  b.  1821 ;  m.  William  C.  Atberton. 
Matilda. 

John  Nourse  (2d  gen.),  married  Hannah  Whitcomb.  He 
was  son  of  Deacon  Nourse,  came  with  the  family  to  Waterford, 
and  lived  on  the  east  side  of  Rice  hill. 

Children : 
Abel. 
Asenath,  m.  Thaddeus  Brown,  Esq. 

PAGE. 

Samuel  Page  married  Betsey  Davis.  His  was  for  a  long 
time  the  only  family  at  the  "  Corner,"  where  the  village  at 
North  Waterford  now  is.  His  house  stood  in  the  rear  of  Rice's 
hotel.  He  owned  and  run  the  mills ;  moved  to  Windham 
some  sixty  years  ago. 

Children : 
Enoch. 

Samuel,  m.  1st,  Lucy  Grant ;  2d,  Mary  Rogers. 
Moses,  m.  1st,  Mary  Brown ;  2d,  Jane  Demming. 
John,  m.  Rebecca  Maybury. 


278  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Hannah,  m.  Ezra  Maybury. 
Betsey,  m.  Eli  McDonald. 
Joan,  m.  Amos  Knight. 
Lydia. 

PERKINS. 

John  E.  Perkins  rnarried Bozwell.  They  were  na- 
tives of  Conway,  N.  H.  Mr.  Perkins  was  a  carder  and  clothier 
by  trade,  and  run  the  mills  at  the  head  of  the  island,  near  the 
saw-mill  at  North  Waterford. 

Children : 
'   William,  m,  Sarah  Cotton. 
John,  m.  Margaret  Cotton. 
Thomas,  m.  Jane  Perkins. 

PERRY. 

Chandler  Perry  married  Delight  Morse.  He  came 
from  Bethel,  Maine,  lived  on  a  beautiful  hill  in  the  south-west 
part  of  the  town  ;  was  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Thomas,  m.  Phebe  Stone. 
Enoch,  m.  Eliza  A.  Hamlin. 
Catharine. 

Lewis,  m.  Priscilla  Coolidge. 
John. 
Charles,  m. Burnham. 

PIKE. 

Moses  Pike  came  from  York  county  about  1815,  and  lived 
in  the  west  part  of  the  town. 

Children : 
Nathaniel,  m.  Sally  Shaw. 
John,  m.  1st,  in  Boston ;  2d,  E.  Richardson. 
Elias,  m.  in  Boston. 
Rachel,  m.  Isaac  Whitcomb. 
Hiram. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  279 

Nathaniel  Pike  (2d  gen.),  son  of  Moses,  born  1796,  mar- 
ried Sally  Shaw.     Lived  a  farmer  in  West  Waterford. 


Children : 


Sherman,  b.  1821. 
John  S.,  b.  1823. 
Lyman,  b,  1826. 


PLUMMER. 

Jonathan  Plumsier,  born  1768,  married  Hannah  Jewett, 
born  1776,  daughter  of  Deacon  Stephen  Jewett.  Mr.  Plum- 
mer  came  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  resided  in  the  Plummer  neigh- 
borhood, so  called,  two  miles  north  of  the  Flat,  on  the  old 
road.  He  was  entrusted  with  town  business,  and  died  at  the 
age  of  eighty-seven.     He  was  a  farmer  and  mechanic. 

Children : 
Eliza,  b.  1799. 

Stephen,  b.  1801 ;  m.  Eleanor  Horr. 
Ednah,  b.  1804. 
Mark,  b.  1811. 
Nancy. 

Samuel  Plummer,  born  1769,  married  in  1797  Elizabeth 
Jewett,  born  1778,  daughter  of  Deacon  Stephen  Jewett,  Mr. 
Plummer  came  to  Waterford  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  about  1790  ; 
settled  in  the  neighborhood  bearing  his  name  ;  was  a  farmer 
and  house  carpenter ;  held  town  office;  had  a  fine  voice  for 
singing.     Mrs.  P.  lived  to  the  age  of  ninety-one. 

Children : 
Daniel,  b.  1799 ;  m.  Emma  Stone. 
Eben,  b.  1801;  m.   1st,   Eliza  Bryant;  2d,  Julia  Billings;  3d,  Mary 

Knight. 
Samuel  (Capt,),b.  1803;  m.  Jane  Kimball. 


280  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Cyrus,  b.  1805 ;  m.  Harriet  Barker. 
Elizabeth,  b.  1808 ;  m.  Col.  Thomas  Treadwell. 
Sophia,  b.  1811;  m.  Jotham  Goodenow,  (phys.) 
George  W.,  b.  1814;  m.  Mary  A.  Houghton. 
Edwin,  b.  1816;  died  young. 


Daniel  Plummee  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Emma  Stone, 
was  son  of  Samuel  Plummer,  and  grandson  of  deacon  Stephen 
Jewett.  He  lived  where  Joel  S.  Plummer  now  lives ;  was  often 
in  town  business. 

Children : 
Amanda,  b.  1827 ;  m.  Gershom  Hamblin. 
Frances,  b.  1829. 

Thomas,  b.  1831 ;  m.  Georgia  Bolster. 
Joel  S.,  b.  1832;  m.  Francis  A.  Wheeler. 
Edwin,  b.  1836;  died  in  the  army. 
Nancy  S.,  b.  1837;  m.  Gershom  Hamblin. 
Daniel  L.,  b.  1841. 
Mellen.  b.  1851. 


JosiAH  Plummee,  born  1778,  married  Sally  Lovejoy.  He 
came  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  the  Plummer  neigh- 
borhood ;  was  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Sally,  b.  1800 ;  m.  Daniel  Young. 
Hannah,  b.  1802 ;  m.  Nathaniel  Young. 
Abigail,  b.  1804;  m.  Caleb  Rowe. 
Mary,  b.  1806. 
Catharine,  b.  1808. 
Josiah,  b.  1811. 

Harriet,  b.  1814 ;  m.  William  Kingman. 
Josiah,  m.  Nancy  Rand. 
Leander,  m.  1st,  Lucia  Rowe;  2d,  Louisa  HoiT. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  281 

PRATT. 

Joseph  Peatt,  married  Lucy  S.  Coolidge.  He  came  from 
Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1807  ;  lived  on  the  Flat,  in  the  house  now 
owned  by  Dr.  Wilson  ;  was  by  trade  a  shoemaker. 


Children : 
Joseph  W.,  b.  1810. 
Mary  K,  b.  1813. 
Lucy,  b.  1814. 
EHza  P.,  b.  1818. 


PRIDE. 

Beistjamin  Pride  married Berry.  He  came  from  West- 
brook  in  1814 ;  lived  near  the  foot  of  Me  Wain  pond  ;  a  farmer. 


Children : 
Eunice,  m.  David  Gay. 

Nathaniel,  m.  Charlotte  Brown ;  was  a  Methodist  preacher. 
Josiah,  m.  Sophia  Fairbanks. 
Nancy,  m.  Benjamin  Haskell. 
Benjamin,  m.  Sarah  Whitcomb. 
Charles,  m.  in  Turner ;  name  not  given. 


PROCTOR. 

Benjamin  Proctor  married  first,  Hannah  Gardiner  ;  sec- 
ond, Betsey  Coffin.  He  came  from  Danvers,  Mass.,  about  the 
year  1805,  lived  a  short  time  in  Albany,  near  Lynch e's  mills ; 
owned  mills  there,  was  a  large  land  holder.  He  afterward 
lived  in  Waterford,  on  the  place  now  owned  by  deacon  Wil- 
liam W.  Kilborne. 
19 


282  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Benjamin  G.,  m.  Hannah  Nourse. 
Perley,  m.  Laura  Harriman. 

John,  m.  1st,  Lucinda  Stone ;  2d,  Mary  Shedd;  3d,  Eliza  Farrington. 
Daniel,  resided  in  Massachusetts. 

Thomas,  m.  1st.  Delinda  Coffin ;  2d,  Annette  A.  Boswell. 
Sarah,  m.  Gardiner  Martyn. 
Hannah  G.,  m. Davis. 

John"  Proctor  (2d  gen.),  born  1794,  wbo  married  first,  Lu- 
cinda Stone;  second,  Mart  Shedd;  third,  Eliza  Farring- 
ton, was  son  of  Benjamin  Proctor,  and  resided  half  a  mile  east 
of  the  old  Proctor  place  ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Mary  A.  W.,  b.  1820;  m.  James  Shedd. 
Henry,  b.  1822. 
Marcia  G.,  b.  1824. 

Lucinda  S.,  b.  1825;  m.  Hubbard  Marston. 
Sarah,  b.  1829;  m.  1st,  Charles  Eastman;  2d,  Trueman  Crosby. 
Harriet  M.,  b.  1835;  m.  Horace  Hutchinson. 
Caroline,  b.  1836;  m.  George  O.  Farmer. 
Henry,  b.  1838;  m.  Eliza  F.  Knight. 
Lucy  M.,  b.  1839;  married  Richard  Parker. 
Daniel,  b.  1841. 
Benjamin  P.,  b.  1843 ;  m.  Laura  Harriman. 

Thomas  Proctoe  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first,  Belinda 
Coffin  ;  second,  Annette  A.  Boswell,  was  son  of  Benjamin 
Proctor,  and  resided  for  some  time  with  his  father,  afterward 
removed  to  the  village.     He  was  farmer  and  mechanic. 

Children : 
Sarah,  b.  1824. 
William  0.,b.  1826. 
Charles  E.,  b.  1829 ;  m.  in  Massachusetts. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES. 

Elizabeth  W.,  b.  1831. 

William  P.,  b.  1833. 

Belinda  A.,  b.  1837 ;  m.  Oliver  McKeen. 

James  L.,  b.  1841. 

Thomas  L.,  b.  1842;  m.  Albra  Bumpus. 

Almira  F.,  b.  1845;  m,  John  Holt, 

Lucy  J.,  b.  1848;  m.  Frank  Knight. 

Daniel. 

Alvira  C,  m.  James  Brown. 


JosiAH  Proctor,  born  1763,  married  Deborah  Tuttle, 
born  1768.  He  came  to  Waterforcl  about  the  year  1785,  fol- 
lowed farming  and  the  cooper's  trade.  He  lived  half  a  mile 
west  of  the  old  meeting-house.  . 

Children : 

Mary  T.,  m.  Wales  Jordan, 

Sarah  G.,  m.  James  Jordan. 

Lydia  P.,  m.  Thomas  J.  Jordan. 

Stephen  T.,  m.  Susan  M.  Stone. 

Josiah,  m,  Rebecca  Paine. 

John  K.,  m.  1st,  Phebe  Paine ;  2d,  Hannah  C,  Paine. 

Abigail  W.,  m.  George  H.  Kendrick. 


RICE. 

Ebeb  Rice,  born  1764,  married  Rebecca  Gamwell.  He 
came  from  Northboro,  Mass.,  in  1785  ;  was  the  seventh  settler 
in  town;  lived  on  the  place  where  his  daughters  Rachel  and 
Sophia  now  reside.  He  was  farmer,  teacher,  surveyor ;  was 
long  in  town  oflBce,  was  justice  of  the  peace,  and  for  years  rep- 
resented the  town  in  the  legislatui-e  of  Massachusetts,  before 
the  separation,  which  he  earnestly  opposed. 


284  HISTORY  OF  WATERFOKD, 

Children : 

Betsey,  b.  1790;  m.  Asa  Foote. 

Ebor,  b.  1792 ;  m.  Elizabeth  G.  Frye. 

Rachel,  b.  1794. 

Otis,  b.  1798. 

Samuel,  b.  1802;  m.  1st,  Mary  Bisbee;  2d,  Barbara  Burches;  3d,  Jen- 

ney  Lervey. 
Sophia,  b.  1805. 

Eber  Kick  (2d  gen.),  born  1792,  who  married  Elizabeth 
G.  Fete,  was  son  of  Eber  Rice,  Esq.,  and  resided  one  mile 
south  oi'  liis  father;  afterward  settled  near  him  on  the  old 
farm. 

Children : 

John  F.,  m.  Mary  Ann  Irish;  is  hotel  keeper  and  stsge  owner  at 

North  Waterford. 
Mary  Anu. 

Sarah  E.,  ra.  Henry  Millett. 
William  R. ,  m.  Maria  Steadman, 
Louisa,  n).  .Joseph  L.  Rand. 
Charles,  m.  Elizabeth  Green. 
George  B.,  m.  Harriet  Marsh. 

RIPLEY. 

Rev.  Lincoln  Riplet,  born  1761,  married  about  1798  Phe- 
BE  Emerson,  of  Concord,  Mass.  Mr.  Ripley  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1796 ;  was  the  first  pastor  in  town  ;  set- 
tled in  1799.  He  lived  just  south  of  the  old  meeting-house, 
where,  on  cold  winter  Sabbaths,  his  house  was  crowded  during 
recess,  and  the  open  fire  supplied  foot-stoves  for  the  mothers 
and  sisters,  in  the  cold  church.  In  summer,  the  toell,  with 
"  oaken  bucket "  and  tin  dipper,  was  always  at  the  service  of 
the  people,  who  crowded  around  it  on  the  Sabbath.  Mr.  Rip- 
ley had  no  children,  but  adopted  Martha  Bliss,  Ann  S.  Sargent, 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  285 

Martha  Robinson  (who  took  care  of  him  through  his  length- 
ened life),  and  Noah  Ripley,  who,  with  his  wife  and  three  chil- 
dren, was  drowned  in  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  Mr.  Ripley 
died  at  the  age  of  ninety-seven,  respected  and  beloved  by  all 
who  had  ever  known  him.  He  died  at  the  house  of  Stephen 
Plummer,  where  he  had  lived  for  several  years. 


ROBBINS. 
JoN-ATHAisr  RoBBiNS,  bom  1749,  married  Catharine  Max- 
well, born  1743.     He  came  from  Stow,  Mass.,  made  his  farm 
on  the  south  spur  of  Mt.  Tirem ;  was  one  of  the  first  settlers. 


James  RoBBms,  born  1767,  married  Delight  Gilbert,  born 
in  Sharon,  Mass.,  1770.  They  came  from  Watertown,  Mass., 
in  1798,  and  resided  during  most  of  their  life  in  the  south-west 
part  of  the  town. 

Children : 
Lydia,  b.  1799 ;  m.  Jonathan  Longley. 
Delight,  b.  1801. 
Alonzo,  b.  1802;  m.   1st,  Cynthia  Willard;  2d,  Sarah  Kimball;  3d, 

Sophia  "Willard. 
Harriet,  b.  1805;  m.  Tilden  HamUn. 
James,  b.  1809. 

Josiah,  b.  1811 ;  m.  Ellen  Brown. 
Elizabeth,  b.  1816;  m.  L.  H.  Houghton. 


ROUNDS. 

Nathaniel  Rounds,  born  1799,  married  in  1822  Betsey 
Brown.  Capt.  Rounds  moved  from  Buxton,  Maine,  to  Water- 
ford,  in  1816 ;  died  in  1868.  He  resided  in  the  lower  village  ; 
was  a  skilled  blacksmith. 


286  "history  of  waterford. 

Children : 
Jane,  b.  1822;  m.  Calvin  M.  FoUett. 
Edwin,  b.  1827;  m.  Maria  Jordan. 
Cyrus,  b.  1829;  died  1833. 

Charles  C,  b.  1831;  m.  Kate  N.  Stowell.    Is  Principal  of  State  Nor- 
mal School,  at  -Farmington. 
Harriet,  b.  1834. 
Harriet  E.,  b.  1835. 
Rowena,  b.  1839. 
Christiana,  b.  1842. 

RUSSELL. 

James  Russell,  born  1777,  married  1804  Dolly  Russell, 
born  1784.  They  moved  from  Andover,  Mass.,  their  birth- 
place, to  Albany,  Maine,  afterward,  in  1817,  to  Waterford,  He 
was  proprietor  of  the  mills  located  near  the  village  in  North 
Waterford.  His  was  then  the  only  family,  where  the  village 
now  stands.     He  afterward  removed  to  West  Bethel. 

Children : 
Dolly,  b.  1805. 
James,  b.  1807. 

Lydia  A. ,  b.  1808 ;  m.  1st,  Moses  Gould,  m.d.  ;  2d,  Dea.  Leonard  Grover. 
Dolly,  b.  1811. 
Daniel  G.,  b.  1813. 

Jacob,  b.  1816;  m. McElvane. 

Henry  J.,  b.  1818;  m.  Margarette  Upperman. 
Charles,  b.  1820;  (m.d.)  m.  Asenath  Willis. 
Joel,  b.  1822 ;  m.  Caroline  Bartlett. 
"Warren  F.,  b.  1825. 
Melvina,  b.  1828. 


SAMPSON. 

Benjamin  Sampson,  born  1769,  married  Mollt  ,  born 

1763.     He  came  from  Bolton,  Mass.;  first  lived  on  a  small  lot 
north  of  Daniel  Chaplin  ;  sold  goods   on   a  small  scale  ;  then 


KECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  287 

moved  within  half  a  mile  of  Page's  mills  (village).  He  was 
skilled  with  the  gun,  trap,  and  fish  pole,  and  was  sexton  in 
North  Waterford  for  more  than  half  a  century. 

Children : 
Abigail,  b.  1793. 
Polly,  b.  1796. 
Betsey. 

Nancy,  b.  1798;  m.  Simeon  Farmer 
Isabella,  b.  1802. 
Amos,  b.  1805. 

Samuel  Sampson,  born   1766,  married  first,  Kirza  , 

born  1768 ;  second,  Mary  Farn"sworth.  He  settled  on  the 
place  where  the  late  Daniel  Pluramer  lived.  He  did  not  long 
remain  in  town  ;  was  a  farmer,  and  a  cooper  by  trade. 

Children : 
Polly,  b.  1785;  m.  Eben  Watson. 
Sally,  b.  1787;  m.  Paul  Whitcomb. 
Emery,  b.  1791 ;  m.  in  New  York. 
Eunice,  b.  1796. 
Josiah,  b.  1798. 
Eosamond,  b.  1801. 
David,  b.  1803. 
Keziah  and  Samuel,  b.  1806. 

SANDERSON. 

Stephen  Sanderson,  born  1758,  married  Mart  Dudley, 
born  1760.  He  came  from  Littleton,  Mass.,  in  1788 ;  settled 
in  the  south-west  part  of  the  town,  near  Sweden. 

Children : 
Mary,  b.  1782 ;  m.  Sullivan  Jones, 
Eebecca,  b.  1785 ;  m.  Simeon  Hayward. 

Stephen,  b.  1787;  m.  Abigail  Barnard;  was  a  Methodist,  afterward,  a 
Congregational,  preacher. 


288  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Joseph,  b.  1789;  m.  Mary  Bryant;  the  first  couple  married,  where 
both  were  born  in  town. 

John  (Col.),  b.  1792;  m.  Betsey  Bryant. 

Sarah,  b.  1796 ;  m.  Rev.  John  Adams,  a  Methodist  preacher. 

Moses,  b.  1799;  m.  Jane  Randall;  also  a  Methodist  preacher. 

Aaron,  m.  Catharine  Howard;  was  a  Methodist  preacher  and  presid- 
ing elder. 


SAUNDERS. 

EzEKiEL  Saunders,  born  1768,  married  Maey  Todd,  born 
1771 ;  had  no  children.  Came  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  lived  in 
the  Plummer  neighborhood ;  was  a  farmer.  He  belonged  to 
the  Baptist  church. 


Joshua  Saunders  married  in  1792  Elizabeth  Stickney. 
They  moved  to  Waterford,  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  and  settled  in 
the  north  part  of  the  town,  upon  the  place  now  owned  by 
Joshua  Saunders.  Mr.  S.  died  in  1797.  After  his  death  Mrs. 
S.  married  Joseph  Farrington. 

Children : 
Amos,  b.  1793;  m.  Silvia  Stone. 
Betsey,  b.  1795 ;  died  1852 ;  was  a  teacher. 
Samuels.  (Famngton),  b.  1803;  m.  Eunice  W.  Farley,  of  Ipswich, 

Mass.,  where  they  resided  several  years;  then  removed  to  St. 

Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  did  an  extensive  and  prosperous  business. 


Amos  Saunders  (2d  gen.),  married  in  1824  Silvia  Stone. 
He  was  son  of  Joshua,  and  succeeded  his  father  on  the  farm  in 
North  Waterford ;  was  also  engaged  in  lumber  business.  He 
died  in  1876. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  289 

Children : 
Joshua,  m.  Mary  Ann  Kilborne, 
Catharine,  m.  James  Chadbourne. 
Elizabeth,  resides  in  Lowell,  Mass. 
Theodore  S.,  m.  Elizabeth  Pluramer. 
Maria,  m.  Deacon  William  W.  Kilborne. 

Humphrey  Saunders,  born  1771,  married  first,  Jane 
Wright,  born  1765;  second,  Rebecca  Chamberlain.  He  came 
from  Rowley,  Mass.,  settled  in  North  Waterford,  near  Lovell, 
as  a  farmer.    He  died  in  Sweden. 

Children : 
Humphrey  (deacon),  m.  Araminta  Dresser. 
David,  had  various  ingenuity ;  lived  at  home. 
Martha,  m.  Daniel  Smith. 

Samuel  Saunders,  born  1776,  married  1802  Esther  Tread- 
well,  born  1778.  He  came  from  Rowley,  Mass.,  with  several 
brothers,  and  settled  in  the  Plumraer  neighborhood  ;  a  farmer. 
He  removed  to  Westbrook  (Woodford's  Corner),  in  1819,  and 
kept  public  house.  He  was  prominent  in  the  Baptist  denomina- 
tion ;  died  aged  seventy-nine ;  his  wife  aged  ninety-five. 

Children : 
Hannah,  b.  1803;  m.  Simeon  Hersey. 
Thomas,  b.  1804. 
Joshua,  b.  1807 ;  m.  Jane  Rogers. 
Samuel,  b.  1810 ;  was  drowned  in  1818. 
Jane,  b.  1815. 

SAWIN. 

Gen.  Benjamin  Sawin,  born  1748,  married  1772  Martha 
Howe,  born  1751.  He  was  one  of  the  early  settlers ;  lived  on 
the  old  road  from  North  Waterford  to  Albany,  near  the  town 
line.  He  was  a  farmer ;  died  1817. 


290  •  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Martha,  d.  1831. 
William,  m.  Betsey  Temple. 
Dorothy,  m.  Thomas  Wood. 
Benjamin,  m.  Betsey  Thayer. 
Phebe,  m.  Lewis  Holden. 
Henry,  m.  Hannah  Johnson. 
Thomas,  m.  Sally  Johnson. 


William  Sawin  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Betsey  Temple, 
was  son  of  Benjamin  Sawin.  He  kept  hotel  on  the  Flat,  was 
for  a  long  time  stage  owner,  and  driver  from  Waterford  to 
Portland. 

Children : 
Betsey,  b.  1797;  m.  Sprout  Hapgood. 

Phebe,  b.  1798;  m.  1st,  Josiah  Brown;  2d, Ballard. 

William,  b.  1800. 

Julia,  b.  1802 ;  m.  John  Strickland. 

Harriet,  b.  1805 ;  m. Folsom. 

Lyman,  b.  1806. 

Jabez,  b.  1808 ;  m.  in  Augusta. 

Mary  A.,  b.  1810. 

Mary  A.,  b.  1811. 

Jane,  b.  1813;  m.  1st,  William  Hoyt;  2d,  Josiah  Monroe,  Esq. 

Lydia,  b.  1816. 

Nancy  W.,  b.  1819;  m.  John  Gerry,  Esq. 


Henet  Sawin  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Hannah  Johnson, 
was  son  of  Gen.  Benjamin  Sawin,  and  resided  on  the  old  place, 
near  Albany. 

Children : 
Martha,  b.  1815;  m.  Charles  W.  Whitney. 
Clarissa,  b.  1818. 
Caroline,  b.  1819. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  291 

SHAW. 
Rev.  Josiah  Shaw,  born  1773,  married  first,  1795  Sarah 
Poor,  born  1777,  of  Brownfield,  Maine  ;  second,  Betsey  Has- 
kell, born  1789,  in  Harvard,  Mass.  Mr,  Shaw  moved  from 
Standish,  Maine,  in  1795.  He  resided  in  West  Waterford, 
where  his  son  James  M.  Shaw  now  lives.  Was  originally  a 
farmer ;  became  a  Methodist  clergyman,  and  was  honored  as  a 
preacher.  He  represented  the  town  in  constitutional  conven- 
tion and  general  court. 

Children : 
Polly,  b.  1795;  m.  Benjamin  Hale. 
Josiah,  b.  1797 ;  m.  in  Standish ;  d.  1842. 
John,  b.  1800;  was  a  Methodist  preacher;  d.  1825. 
Sally,  b.  1801 ;  m.  Nathaniel  Pike ;  d.  1828. 
Anne,  b.  1804;  m.  Solomon  Noble;  d.  1869. 
Joseph,  b.  1807 ;  m.  Abby  Willard ;  d.  1862. 
Rachel,  b.  1810 ;  m.  John  D.  Gossum. 

James  M.,  b.  1817;  m.  1st,  Elvira  Noble;  2d,  Esther  J.  Hall;  3d,  Har- 
riet U.  Stone. 


STEVENS. 

Jonas  Stevens,  born  1785,  married  1810  Sally  Sprague, 
born  1792.     He  lived  half  a  mile  above  the  Flat;  was  a  farmer. 

Children ; 
William,  m.  Martha  Seavey. 
Ardelia,  m.  Moses  Seavey. 
Sally,  m.  George  Chadwick. 
Betsey,  m.  Alvah  Holden. 
Mary,  m.  Thomas  Taylor. 
Susan,  m.  Alphonzo  Goddard. 
Emily,  m.  Marshal  Barnes. 
Charles,  died  in  the  late  war. 

Augustus,  m. . 

James  A.,  m.  Sarah  Wheeler. 


292  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

STONE. 

Jonathan  Stone  married  Susanna  Moore.  He  removed 
to  Waterford  about  1796,  and  settled  south  of  Tom  jjond,  where 
Samuel  Warren  now  lives.     He  came  from  Groton,  Mass. 

Children : 
Jonathan,  m.  Catherine  Willard. 
Solomon,  m.  Hepzibah  Treadwell. 
Moses,  m.  1st,  Polly  Hamlin ;  2d,  Ruth  Porter. 
Oliver,  m.  Sally  Jewell. 
Simeon, 
Susan,  m,  Africa  Hamlin. 

Jonathan  Stone  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Catherine  Wil- 
lard, came  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  with  the  family,  and  resided 
on  the  old  place. 

Children : 
Theodore,  m.  1st,  Elsie  Stone ;  2d,  Almira  Hamlin. 
Silvia,  m.  Amos  Saunders. 
William,  m.  Susan  Hamlin. 

Maj.  Theodore  Stone  (3d  gen.),  who  married  first,  Elsie 
Stone  ;  second,  Almira  Hamlin,  was  son  of  Jonathan  Stone  j 
lived  on  the  home  place,  and  afterward,  just  east  of  Tom  pond. 

Children : 
Sophronia. 

Catharine,  m.  1st.  Albion  K.  P.  Dunham ;  2d, Merrill. 

Sophronia  W.,  m.  Granville  Morse. 
Mary. 

Moses  Stone  (2d  gen.),  who  married  first,  Polly  Hamlin  ; 
second,  Ruth  Porter,  was  son  of  Jonathan  Stone.  He  came 
from  Groton,  Mass.,  and  resided  where  Sumner  Stone  now  lives; 
a  farmer. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  293 

Children  : 

Elsie,  b.  1790;  m.  Maj.  Theodore  Stone. 

Hannibal,  b.  1792. 

Polly,  b.  1794;  m.  Charles  Billings. 

Amanda,  b.  1795. 

David  P.,  b.  1796. 

Jonathan,  b.  1797 ;  a  lawyer. 

Rufus,  b.  1800. 

Sumner,  b.  1802 ;  m.  1st,  Catherine  Hobson ;  2d,  Martha  Frost. 

Luther,  b.  1805. 

Calvin,  b.  1807 ;  m.  Katy  Knight. 

Henry,  b.  1809;  m. Haskell. 

Oliver  Stone  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Sally  Jewell, 
was  son  of  Jonathan  Stone,  senior  ;  came  to  Waterford,  with 
the  family,  from  Groton,  Mass.,  and  lived  near  where  Samuel 
Warren  now  resides  ;  was  a  farmer. 

Children : 

Alonzo,  m.  Sally  Watson. 

Daphne. 

lO^ra,  m.  .Tulia  Barker. 

Samuel,  m.  Adelaide  Jones. 

Lewis. 

Oliver. 

Sarah  A.,  m.  Simon  Watson. 

Daphne. 

Leander  G. 

Dea.  Solomon  Stone  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Hepzibah 
Teeadwell,  was  son  of  Jonathan  Stone.  He  came  from  Gro- 
ton, Mass.,  with  the  family,  and  resided  on  Stone  hill,  in  Gara- 
bo  district ;  a  farmer. 

Children  : 

Solomon,  b.  1797 ;  m.  Eunice  Edwards. 
Thomas  T.,  d.d.,  b.  1799;  m.  Laura  Poor. 
Susan  M.,  b.  1806;  m.  Stephen  Proctor. 


294  HISTOKT  OF  WATERFORD. 

Solomon  Stone  (3d  gen.),  who  married  Eunice  Edwaeds, 
was  son  of  Deacon  Solomon  Stone,  and  lived  on  a  part  of  the 
old  place ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 

Mary  Jane,  m.  Geo.  W.  Pattee. 

Abby,  m.  Andrew  J.  Pattee. 

Laura. 

Ellen,  m.  1st,  .James  Jordan;  2d,  Joseph  Small. 

Joel  Stone,  born  1766,  married  Lucinda  Parkhurst,  born 
1772.     He  resided  in  the  Gambo  district;  a  former. 

Children  : 

Lucinda,  b.  1796 ;  m.  John  Proctor. 
Eber,  b.  1797 ;  m.  Nancy  Atherton. 
Nancy,  b.  1800;  was  a  teacher. 
Emma,  b.  1803 ;  m.  Daniel  Plummer. 
Sarah,  b.  1806;  m.  Moses  Young. 

Eber  Stone  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Nancy  Atherton, 
lived  on  the  home  place. 

Children : 

Augusta,  m.  Joel  Stone. 
Oscar,  m.  Mary  Kenney. 
Moody  K.,  m.  Maria  Merrill. 
Joel  A.,  m.  Anuice  McEUory. 
Nancy,  m.  Henry  Danley. 
William,  m.  Elizabeth  H.  Wilkins. 
Walter,  died  in  the  war. 

David  Stone  married  Lucy  W.  Sampson.  He  came  from 
Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1796,  and  lived  in  the  west  part  of  the 
town,  near  Sweden. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  295 

Children : 
Susan  W.,  m.  Deacon  Aaron  Cummings ;  no  children. 
Joseph,  m,  Mary  Bridge ;  eight  children. 
James  (deacon),  m.  Harriet  Holden;  seven  children. 
Rebecca,  m.  Jeremiah  Hale ;  three  children. 
David  S.,  m.  Eliza  Walker;  six  children. 
Hiram,  m.  Polly  Wheeler ;  four  childi-en. 
Lorenzo,  m.  Jemima  Tubbs ;  two  children. 
Lydia  R.,  m.  William  Foster ;  three  children. 
Henry  M.,  m.  Elizabeth  Forsythe;  two  children. 
Thomas  S.,  m.  Sarah  Tread  well. 


SWAN. 

DuDLET  Swan,  born  1774,  married  first,  Sally  Gbeen, 
born  1777  ;  second,  Mrs.  Sarah  Lang.  He  came  from  Bethel, 
Maine,  and  resided  in  the  north  part  of  the  town,  near  Lovell  5 
was  a  cooper  and  farmer. 

Children : 

Betsey,  b.  1797. 

Daniel,  b.  1799 ;  m.  Annette  Farrar. 

Caleb,  b.  1800. 

Dolly,  b.  1802. 

Sarah,  b.  1804. 

Abel,  b.  1807 ;  m.  Betsey  Swan. 

Joseph,  b.  1809. 

Thomas,  1  ,    lom.  m.  Eliza  Sanderson. 
Lydia,      Jo-l»10' 

Mary,  b.  1814. 

Caleb  P.,  b.  1823. 

Charles  D. 


THOMPSON. 

Edward  Thompson  married Collet.    He  came  from 

Shelburne,  N.  H.;  resided  in  several  places  in  town. 


296  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Joseph  M.,  m.  Catharine  Whitney. 
James,  m.  in  New  Gloucester. 
Greenleaf,  died  at  sea. 
Edward  Castor,  m.  Caroline  S.  Sampson. 
Elizabeth  S.,  m.  Alvin  C.  Shaw. 


Joseph  M.  Thompson  (2d  gen,),  born  1804,  who  mariied  in 
1825  Catherine  Whitney,  born  1804,  was  from  Gray.  His 
father  removed  to  Waterford,  and  apprenticed  him  to  the 
blacksmith  trade,  in  which  he  excelled.  He  early  left  that  busi- 
ness, and  kept  hotel ;  first,  in  New  Gloucester,  then  was  pro- 
prietor of  the  Casco  House,  Portland  ;  was  city  marshal.  Af- 
terward, he  was  proprietor  of  the  Glen  House,  Gorham,  N.  H., 
a  favorite  resort  for  travelers  and  boarders,  and  was  one  of 
the  best  kept  houses  in  the  country. 

Children : 
Caroline  E.,  m.  Joseph  R.  Lufkin. 
Abram  W.,  m.  Frances  E.  Stevens. 
Charles  M.,  m.  Annette  E.  Eastman. 
Harriet  N.,  m.  Stephen  H.  Ciunmiugs. 
George  F. 


TREAD  WELL. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Trbadwell  came  to  Waterford  with  her 
family  from  Littleton,  Mass.  She  was  born  in  1742,  died  in 
1839,  at  about  the  age  of  ninety-seven.  Her  husband,  Thomas 
Treadwell,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  After  his  death, 
with  characteristic  fortitude  and  heroism,  Mi-s.  Treadwell  came 
with  her  family  to  this  then  wilderness ;  was  a  woman  of  great 
force  of  character. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  297 


Children : 
Hepzibah,  m.  Deacon  Solomon  Stone. 

Hannah,  m. Farnsworth. 

Moses  (deacon),  m.  Jane  Hawes. 
Esther,  m.  Samuel  Saunders. 
Sally,  m.  Gen.  John  Perley. 


Deacon  Moses  Treadwell  (2d  gen.),  married  Jane  Hawes. 
He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Treadwell,  and  came  with  his 
mother  to  Waterford  after  the  Revolution.  He  lived  in  the 
Plummer  district,  and  served  as  captain,  in  the  defense  of  Port- 
land, in  the  war  of  1814. 

Children : 
Jane,  b.  1806;  m.  Deacon  Asa  Gould. 

Thomas  (Col.),  b.  1807;  m.  1st,  Elizabeth  Plummer;  2d,  Sarah  Whit- 
comb. 
Maria,  b.  1809. 

Mary  H.,  m.  1st,  Elijah  Holt;  2d,  Joseph  Kellogg. 
Sarah  P.,  b.  1816;  m.  Thomas  S.  Stone. 
Samuel,  b.  1818. 
William  H.,  b.  1822;  m.  in  Boston. 


WALKER. 

Dr  Young  Walker  married  Mrs.  Mercy  Crombie,  widovr 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Crombie.  He  resided  between  the  two  villages, 
west  of  Tom  pond.  He  had  natural  and  acquired  qualifica- 
tions for  eminence  in  his  profession. 

Children : 
Jane,  m.  Stephen  Ball. 
William. 

20 


298  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

WARREN. 

Abijah  Warren,  born  1770,  married  in  1801  Lydia  Saun- 
ders, born  1776,  He  came  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  about  1798 ; 
lived  in  North  Waterford,  west  of  Beech  hill.  Was  teacher  of 
common  schools,  and  of  music ;  also  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Betsey,  b.  1799. 
John  C,  b.  1816;  m.  Elizabeth  Brown. 

Maj.  Samuel  Warren,  born  1766,  married  in  1794  Polly 
Green,  born  1772.  He  came  to  Waterford  in  1786.  He 
lived  where  Daniel  Warren  now  resides ;  he  was  farmer,  cooper 
and  brick  layer,  and  dealt  in  timber. 

Children  : 
Perley,  b.  1795 ;  served  in  the  war  of  1814 ;  afterward  traded  on  the 

Flat;  died  1825. 
Mary,  b.  1797 ;  m.  Deacon  Amos  Gage. 
Sarah,  b.  1799 ;  died  1821. 
William,  b.  1801 ;  died  in  infancy. 
Lydia,  b.  1803 ;  m.  Capt.  Thomas  Kilborne. 
William  (Rev.),  b.  1806;  m.  Mary  H.  Lamson. 
Daniel,  b."  1808 ;  lives  on  the  home  place. 
Eliza,  b.  1812;  died  young. 
Samuel,  b.  1815;  m.  Irene  B.  Gage. 
Mary  G.  Swan,  a  niece,  b.  1814 ;  resided  in  the  family  till  her  death 

in  1842. 


Deacon  William  Warren,  born  1774,  married  first,  Dor- 
OTHA  Green  ;  second,  Ruth  Kilborne  ;  third,  Sarah  Allen. 
He  came  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  about  1794,  an  invalid ;  had 
no  children  ;  lived  in  North  Waterford  ;  a  farmer  and  cabinet 
maker.  His  apprentices  were  Abel  Houghton,  Josiah  Hough- 
ton (afterward  a  Baptist  clergyman),  Josiah  Moulton,  Stephen 


I 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  299 

Eastman  (deacon),  Nathaniel  Lovejoy,  Abiel  Whiting,  Jacob 
H.  Green,  William  W.  Green,  who  had  large  influence  in 
building  up  the  village  at  North  Waterford,  also  in  building 
the  house  of  worship,  and  in  sustaining  preaching  there. 

Capt.  Petee  Waeren  married  for  his  second  wife  Eunice 
LiBBEY.  He  was  successor  to  Eli  Longley  in  the  tavern  on 
the  Flat;  came  to  town  about  1818,  from  Portland,  whei-e  he 
had  reared  a  family  from  his  first  marriage,  an  account  of  which 
we  have  not  obtained.  From  the  second  marriage,  there  were 
Ann  and  Eliza.  They  removed  to  the  South,  and  we  have  no 
further  knowledge  of  them. 


WATSON. 

Eliphalet  Waxson,  born  1759,  married  Zipporah  Par- 
tridge, born  1757. 

Children : 
Eben,  b.  1783 ;  m.  Polly  Sampson. 
Rhoda,  b.  1791. 
Rebecca,  b.  1795. 

Eben  Watson  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Polly  Sampson, 
lived  in  different  places  in  town ;   was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 

Children: 
Sally,  m.  Alonzo  StoEe. 
Samuel  S.,  m.  Harriet  Anthoine. 
Mary,  m.  1st.  Abner  F.  Knight ;  2d,  Eben  Plummer. 
Simon  N.,  m.  Sarah  Stone. 

Coleman  Watson,  born  1751,  married  Patience  Thomes 
born  1748.  He  came  from  Buxton,  Maine,  in  1795,  lived  in 
Gambo  district ;  a  farmer. 


300  HISTORY  OF  WATERFOKD. 

Children : 
Mercy,  b.  1774 ;  m.  Abel  Knight. 
Stephen,  b.  1776 ;  m.  Hannah  Nourse. 
Hannah,  b.  1778;  m.  Samuel  Scribner. 
Isaac,  b.  1779;  m.  Deborah  Sampson. 
John,  b.  1781 ;  m.  Polly  Bangs. 
Eunice,  b.  1783 ;  m.  Eben  Bisbee. 
James,  b.  1785;  m.  in  Massachusetts. 
Edmund,  b.  1797;  m.  Hepzibah  Flint. 

Isaac  Watson  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Deborah  Sampson 
was  son  of  Coleman  Watson.  He  came  with  the  family  from 
Buxton,  Maine,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  and  resided  in  the 
Gambo  district ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
James  S.,  m.  Mary  WiUiams. 
Daniel  T.,  m.  1st,  Nancy  Nom-se;  2d,  Mary  Tidd. 
Samuel  C,  m.  Dolly  Nourse. 
Ansel  L.,  m.  Mahala  Casely. 
Mercy,  m.  WilUam  Merrill. 
Olive,  m.  Joel  S.  Kimball. 
Christopher. 
Eliza,  m.  Amos  Flint. 
Lincoln  R.,  m.  Persis  Mitchell.  , 

Nancy  S.,  m.  Gushing  L.  Mitchell. 
Alice  S. 

Stephen  Watson  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Hannah 
Nourse,  came  fi*om  Buxton,  Maine,  and  lived  in  the  east  part 
of  the  town. 

Children : 
Lois,  m.  Justus  Lowe. 
Mary. 

John,  m\  Eliza  Peabody. 
William,  m.  Elmira  Lary. 
1st,  m.  Abel,  Susan  Homes ;  2d,  Cordelia  Burbank. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  301 

WHEELER. 

Samuel  Wheeler  married  Polly  Longley.  He  came 
from  Stow,  Mass.,  and  resided  in  West  Waterford  ;  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation. 

Children : 
Polly,  b.  1803;  m.  Hiram  Stone. 
Harriet,  b.  1806 ;  m.  Nathaniel  Rollins. 
Lucy  L.,  b.  1809;  m.  E.  Maxfield. 

Sophia,  b.  1814;  m.  1st,  James  Dingley;  2d, Langley. 

Elizabeth,  b.  1821 ;  m.  James  Whitcomb. 

George  Wheeler,  born  1781,  married  Asenath  Kimball. 
He  came  from  Stow,  Mass.,  and  resided  on  the  Flat,  where  he 
died.     His  widow  married  a  Mr.  Bradbury. 

Children : 
George  F.,  b.  1810;  m.  Caroline  Billings. 
Calvin,  b.  1811. 
Mary  A.,  b.  1813. 

WHITCOMB. 

Abraham  Whitcomb,  born  1765,  married  Sally  Atherton. 
He  was  from  Harvard,  Mass.;  settled  in  West  Waterford  in 
1800,  near  "  Duck  pond,"  afterward,  on  the  south-west  side  of 
"Beech  hill." 

Children : 
Abraham,  m.  Ist,  Betsey  Houghton ;  2d,  Mary  E.  Horr. 
Sarah. 

Isaac,  m.  Rachel  Pike. 
Joel. 

Calvin,  m.  Louisa  Houghton. 
William,  m.  Mary  A.  Harris. 
Polly,  m.  Ai  Burnham. 
Sally. 
Betsey,  m.  Robert  Barstow. 


302  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Abraham  Whitcomb  (2d  gen.),  married  first,  Betsey 
Houghton;  second,  Mary  E.  Horb.  He  was  son  of  Abra- 
ham Whitcomb,  and  settled  with  his  father  on  the  south  side 
of  "  Beech  hill." 

Children : 
John,  b.  1819;  m.  1st,  Sarah  B.  Hamlin;  2d,  Etta  H.  Kneeland. 
Eliza,  b.  1822 ;  m.  1st,  Stephen  Sanderson ;  2d,  Milton  Jewett. 
Elona. 

Isaac  Whitcomb  (2d  gen.),  married  Rachel  Pike.  He 
was  son  of  Abraham,  senior,  and  was  settled  in  the  same 
neighborhood,  West  Waterford ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
Melville,  m.  Lucia  Plummer. 
Mary  Ann. 
Marcellus,  m.  Ellen  Fiske. 

David  Whitcomb,  born  1764,  married  AIary  Eaton,  born 
1776.  He  came  to  Waterford  from  Bolton,  Mass.,  and  settled 
in  the  south  part  of  the  town ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 

Betsey. 

Sallie,  1   ,    . 

Polly,   )   twins;  m.  Darius  Wilkins. 

David,  m.  Lavinia  Piper. 

Ephraim,  m.  Eliza  Merrill. 

Mercy. 

WilUam. 

Rebecca,  m.  Andrew  Maybury. 

Paul  Whitcomb,  born  1778,  married  in  1806  Sally  Samp- 
son, born  1788.  He  came  from  Bolton,  Mass.,  and  lived  in  the 
south-west  corner  of  the  town,  near  Sweden,  to  which  place 
he  afterward  removed.  He  was  a  farmer  and  joiner,  and  in 
Sweden,  was  proprietor  of  mills. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  303 

Children : 
Elmina,  m.  John  Nevers. 
Sarah,  m.  Col.  Thomas  Treadwell. 
Mercy,  m.  Luke  Sawyer. 
Mary  F. 

Ephraim  O.,  m.  Eliza  P.  Richardson ;  was  a  Methodist  preacher. 
Eliza  W.,  m.  Eben  P.  Hinkley. 

Rebecca  A.,  m.  1st,  George  Billings;  2d,  Jonas  Davis. 
Caroline,  m.  P.  T.  Kimball. 
William  E.,  m.  Elizabeth  C.  Wentworth. 

Valentine,  m.  1st,  Alice ;  2d,  Nancy  A.  Mack. 

Emehne,  m.  1st,  Henry  S.  Fogg ;  2d,  James  A.  Borden. 
Susan. 

WHITMAN. 
Chaeles  Whitman,  Esq.,  born  1792,  married  in  1838  Rowe- 
NA  Coffin.  Mr.  Whitman  was  a  lawyer;  came  fi'om  Portland, 
and  opened  a  law  office  here  in  1817.  He  removed  to  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  in  1837,  where  he  died  in  1850.  He  was  a  pub- 
lic-spirited man,  and  was  much  in  town  business. 

Children  : 
Charles  Sidney,  b.  1840 ;  m.  N.  De  S.  Bostick,  lawyer. 
Elizabeth  Smith,  b.  1841 ;  died  1864. 
Margaret  McLellan,  b.  1844 ;  died  1845. 
Louisa,  b.  1847. 
Lucia,  b.  1848;  m.  Charles  P.  Russell,  merchant 


WHITNEY. 

Abeam  Whitney,  born  1754,  married  first,  Hittt  Ware, 
born  1759  ;  second,  Sarah  Whitman,  born  1760  ;  third,  Cath- 
erine Wood,  born  1766 ;  fourth,  Mrs.  Sarah  Conant  Jew- 
ell, born  1762.  Mr.  W.  moved  from  Stow,  Mass.;  was  high 
sheriff  of  Middlesex  county,  came  to  Waterford  in  1805,  lived 
in  the  lower  village ;  was  engaged  in  mills. 


304  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children  : 
Sally,  m.  Bancroft  Williams. 
Abigail,  m.  James  Williams, 
Lucy. 
John. 

Jonathan,  m.  Abigail  Brooks. 
Catherine,  m.  Joseph  M.  Thompson. 
Abram,  m.  Mary  A.  Hopkins. 
Christopher,  m.  Dolly  Brooks. 


WILKINS. 

John"  Wilkins,  who  married  Abigail  Kimball,  removed 
from  Massachusetts,  and  resided  on  Temple  hill ;  a  farmer. 

Children : 
John. 

John,  m.  Lydia  Hamlin. 
Abigail,  m.  Levi  Whitney. 
Laurinda,  m.  Stephen  Lovejoy. 
William  K.,  m.  Lorania  Lovejoy. 
Emerson,  m.  1st,  Rhoda  Nutting;  2d,  Algela  Brown. 
Augustus,  m.  Sarah  Lowell. 
Samuel  N.,  m.  Christiana  Hobbs. 
Eliza  A.,  m.  Otis  Trafton. 
Calvin. 
Harriet,  m.  Josiah  Lovejoy. 

John  Wilkins  (2d  gen.  and  3d  gen.  from  Isaac  Kimball), 
who  married  Lydia  Hamlin,  was  son  of  John  Wilkins,  and 
resided  first  on  Temple  hill,  then  in  Harrison,  finally  on  the 
Flat  in  Waterford. 

Children  : 
Susan  H.,  teacher  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Eliza  H.,  m.  1st,  William  Stone;  2d,  Fred.  M.  Atherton. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  305 

WILLARD. 

Barzilla  Willard,  born  1751,  married  in  1777  Sylvia 
Kingman,  born  1754.  He  moved  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  to 
Waterford,  in  1805,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  the  south-west 
part  of  the  town.  He  died  in  1831,  aged  eighty.  His  wife, 
born  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  died  at  the  age  of  ninety-one. 

Children : 

Lewis,  b.  1782;  m.  1st,  Mary  Plaisted;  2d,  Mary  Moulton. 

Catharine,  b.  1784;  m.  Joseph  Green. 

Ira,  b.  1785 ;  died  1868. 

Fanny,  b.  1788 ;  m.  Ephraim  Hapgood. 

Chloe,  b.  1790 ;  m.  Jonathan  Morse. 

William  (Capt.),  b.  1793;  m.  Jael  Prince. 

Sophia,  b.  1796;  m.  Alonzo  Robbins. 

Also  two  infants ;  the  children  were  all  born  in  Harvard. 


Lewis  Willard  (2d  gen.),  born  1782,  who  married  in  1807, 
Widow  Mary  Moulton,  was  son  of  Barzilla  Willard,  and  came 
with  the  family  to  Waterford,  from  Harvard,  Mass.,  in  1805. 
He  lived  in  the  west  jDart  of  the  town  ;  a  farmer;  died  1851. 

Children  : 
Mary,  b.  1807 ;  m.  Oliver  Atherson. 
Abigail,  b.  1809 ;  m.  Joseph  Shaw. 
Catharine,  b.  1811;    m.  Carter  Holt. 
Eben,  b.  1813;  m.  1st,  Hannah  Barker;  2d,  Mary  Barker. 
Josiah,  b.  1815 ;  m.  1st,  Mary  Noble ;  2d,  Louisa  Bell. 
Jane,  b.  1818 ;  m.  Eben  Bell. 
Ehza,  b.  1820 ;  m.  John  Pike. 

Capt.  William  Willard  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Jael 
Prince,  was  son  of  Barzilla  Willard,  lived  in  the  lower  village, 
was  a  harness  maker,  and  carriage  trimmer.  He  afterward  kept 
hotel  in  Westbrook,  Maine. 


306  HISTORY  OF  WATERFOED. 

Children  : 
Elizabeth. 

Leander  G.,  b.  1818;  m.  Eliza  Hougliton. 
Alexander,  b.  1820. 

Albion  Sbenstone,  b.  1822 ;  m.  in  Massachusetts. 
Marietta  L.,  b.  1824;  m.  in  Massachusetts. 
Ellen,  b.  1826;  m.  George  Lilly,  in  Massachusetts. 
Matilda,  b.  1828 ;  m.  George  Libby. 

WOOD. 

Daniel  Wood  married  Bethiah  Gates.     He  lived  in  the 
Gambo  district ;  a  fanner. 

Children  : 
Susan,  b.  1799;  m.  Samuel  Pike. 

Bowdoin,  b.  1800;  m.  1st,  Lucretia  Fairbanks ;  2d,  Lucretia  Richards. 
Sally,  b.  1802;  m.  Jacob  Gilson. 
Mary,  b.  1804 ;  m.  Jonathan  Martin. 
Amelia,  b.  1806 ;  m.  Nathaniel  Horr. 
CaHsta,  b.  1809;  m.  William  Foster. 
Charlotte,  b.  1813;  m.  Eli  Merrill. 
Harriet  D.,  b.  1815. 


WRIGHT. 
James  Wright  married  Mary  — 


Children : 
Richard,  b.  1781. 

Mary,  b.  1783;  m.  Humphrey  Saunders. 
Martha,  b.  1786. 
Rachel,  b.  1793. 

Dorcas,  b,  1795;  m.  William  Nevers. 
Betsey  M.,  b.  1804. 

Eliza,  b.  1805;  m. Sylvester. 

Betsey  M.,  b.  1809. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  307 

YOUNG. 

Capt.  Moses  Young,  born  1803,  married  Sarah  Stone, 
born  1805.  He  came  from  Fryeburg,  Maine,  about  the  year 
1824  ;  settled  in  North  Waterford,  wliere  the  village  now  is ; 
afterward,  South  Waterford,  where  Mrs.  Young  now  lives. 

Children : 
Charles,  m.  Harriet  Kilgore. 
Maria,  m.  Icbabod  Hayes. 
Henry,  m.  Ella  Abbott. 
Amanda  M.,  m.  Stephen  Caswell. 
Abbie,  m.  Henry  H.  Savage. 


Some  families,  whose  records  were  not  obtained  till  after  the 
foregoing  was  in  press,  as  follows : 

FARMER. 

Simeon  Farmer  married  Nancy  Sampson.  They  came 
from  Massachusetts.  He  was  sexton  in  North  Waterford  for 
many  years ;  resided  on  the  Benjamin  Sampson  place. 

Children : 
Mary  Jane,  m.  in  Massachusetts. 
Eliza. 
Amos. 
George  O.,  m.  Caroline  Proctor. 

KILGORE. 

Benjamin  Kilgore  married  Ruth  Hazelton,  and  moved 
to  Waterford,  with  their  family,  from  Fryeburg,  about  the  year 
1800,  and  settled  in  the  south-east  part  of  the  town,  near  John 
Baker. 


308  HISTORY  OF  WATERFORD. 

Children : 
Benjamin,  died  at  sea. 
Dominicus,  m..  Hannah  Grover. 
Gabriel,  m.  Susan  Hamlin. 
Reuben,  m.  Mary  Bergen. 
Mary,  m.  Joseph  Eastman. 
Naomi,  m.  Daniel  McKenny. 
Liberty,  m.  Jane  Edwards. 

Gabbiel  Kilgore  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Susan  Hamlin, 
was  son  of  Benjamin  Kilgore,  who  married  Ruth  Hazelton,  and 
came  to  Waterford,  with  his  parents,  from  Fryeburg. 

Children  : 
Caroline,  m.  Henry  Bailey. 
Hamilton,  m.  Mary  Stevens. 
Harriet,  m.  William  McWain. 
Susan,  m.  Henry  Dana. 
Almira,  m.  Samuel  Skillings. 
Rebecca,  m.  Leavett  B.  McWain. 
Charlotte. 

Emerson,  m.  Helen  Hale. 
Henry,  m.  Jane  Stewart. 

Reubbn  Kilgore  (2d  gen.),  who  married  Mary  Bergen, 
was  also  son  of  Benjamin  and  Ruth  Kilgore,  and  came  from 
Fryeburg,  with  them. 

Children : 
Mary  A.,  died  young. 
Dean  A.,  m.  Mary  Hill. 

Nancy  B.,  m.  1st,  Ezekiel  Dustan;  2d,  Edward  Hilton. 
Huldah  P.,  ra.  George  Dennis. 
Eveline,  m.  Aldrus  Adams. 
Ruf  us  K.,  m.  Philinda  Harthorn. 
Caroline  A.,  m.  John  Mallard. 
Liberty,  m.  Susan  Keene. 
Leander  D.,  m.  Lydia  Twombly. 
Andrew,  m.  Livonia  True. 


RECORD  OF  FAMILIES.  309 

Some  few  errors  will  be  noticed  in  the  foregoing  records: 
"  was  "  for  is,  in  connection  with  Dr.  Carlton's  record ;  "  Col." 
got  in  before  the  names  of  Luther  and  Calvin  Farrar.  The 
press  mistook  an  abbreviation  for  College,  in  the  margin  of  the 
revised  proof,  for  that  of  colonel,  which  was  not  among  their 
honors.     Other  errors  may  be  detected. 

The  change  in  the  style  of  names  will  be  noticed.  The  Bible 
names  of  the  first  half  century  are  mostly  superceded  now  by 
softer  and  more  musical  ones. 

It, will  be  noticed  that  the  children  of  the  first  half  century 
usually  settled  in  town,  and  near  the  old  homestead ;  whereas, 
in  the  last  half  century,  they  oftener  leave  town  for  the  city, 
manufacturing  village,  or  far  west. 


It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  records,  that  the  first  half 
century  of  the  town  was  an  era  of  large  families,  averaging  for 
this  period  of  fifty  years,  but  a  fraction  less  than  seven  children 
to  a  family.  The  contrast  in  this  respect  between  the  Jirst  and 
the  last  fifty  years  of  our  town  is  noticeable,  and  not  a  little 
alarming.  It  must  be  admitted  that  the  growth  and  prosper- 
ity of  Waterford,  in  its  first  half  century,  was  owing  considera- 
bly to  the  size  and  health  of  the  families.  The  thinning  of  its 
population,  or  falling  oflT  in  the  census  of  late,  is  to  be  traced 
largely  to  this  cause. 


CENTENNIAL 


OF 


WATERFORD, 


1875 


REPORT. 


History  is  never  complete,  but  continuous,  and  like  the 
ever-changing  views  of  a  panorama.  Since  the  day  we  were 
tracing  back,  as  in  the  preceding  pages,  over  the  checkered 
scenes  of  the  past,  and  in  the  slow  progression  of  events,  to 
the  time  when  these  beautiful  fields  were  a  solitary  wood, 
and  these  hills  and  valleys,  a  homeless  wilderness,  years 
have  intervened,  and  the  pen  that  records,  and  the  events 
that  we  recall,  become  historic.  The  Waterford  Centennial, 
at  once  the  scene  and  inspiration  of  the  foregoing  narrative  of 
events,  is  but  a  continuation,  and  becomes  itself  history. 

Although  the  annals  of  a  quiet  rural  town  cannot  be  sup- 
posed to  afford  much  of  interest,  except  to  its  own  people, 
yet  it  had  long  been  felt,  that  in  some  way  the  history  of 
Waterford  should  be  gathered  up,  while  there  were  yet  liv- 
ing receptacles  of  the  "  unwritten  years."  For  its  own,  at 
least,  the  treasure-trove  of  the  past  should  be  preserved,  and 
go  down  as  a  most  sacred  inheritance.  And  there  is  sadness 
in  the  thought,  how  little  can  be  saved.  The  best  efforts  of 
the  historian  do  not  avail.  Its  volume  cannot  be  recorded, 
and,  except  as  it  is  written  upon  the  hearts  and  lives  of  the 
living,  it  is  lost.  The  drama  but  shadows  it ;  fiction  strives 
to  paint  it.     What  romance  and  the  drama  aspire  to  is  the 

real  history  of  a  people. 
"  21 


314  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

In  the  sacred  record,  a  curse  is  pronounced  on  those  who 
"  remove  the  ancient  landmarks,"  so  contrariwise  there  is  a 
blessing  in  their  preservation  ;  and  it  is  ever  pleasant  and 
profitable  to  inquire  for  the  "  old  paths." 

The  American  people  here  passed  through  a  t  errible  crisis, 
and  the  fires  of  patriotism  were  kindled  anew ;  the  same 
spirit  of  liberty  and  eternal  right,  that  breathed  in  the  decla- 
ration of  independence,  lived  again  and  became  intensified. 
The  National  Centennial  was  in  prospect.  From  Lexington 
and  Bunker  Hill,  and  all  the  old  battle  fields,  went  up  the 
shout  of  "  liberty  preserved."  Towns  caught  up  the  inspi- 
ration, and  all  over  the  land,  from  a  glad  people,  was  heard 
the  voice  of  thanksgiving.  And  truly  the  nation  did  inquire 
for  the  "old  paths,"  and  remembered  and  kept  her  "solemn 
feasts." 

In  the  autumn  of  1874,  Bethel  celebrated  hers,  and  Wa- 
terford  began  to  remember  that  the  next  year  would  complete 
the  hundredth  year  of  her  settlement,  and  the  inquiry  went 
around,  Shall  we  have  a  Centennial  ? 

During  the  winter  of  1874-5,  the  town  authorities,  with 
leading  citizens,  issued  a  call,  inviting  the  good  people  of  the 
town  to  meet  at  the  town-house  and  consider  the  subject. 
At  that  and  subsequent  meetings,  there  was  a  very  general 
expression  in  favor,  and  a  large  general  committee,  repre- 
senting the  different  parts  of  the  town,  was  chosen  to  take 
the  matter  in  charge,  consisting  of  Thomas  Swan,  A.  J. 
Smith,  Daniel  Brown,  Samuel  Warren,  Waldo  T.  Brown, 
John  N.  Baker,  Luther  Hougliton,  John  B.  Rand,  Farnum 
Jewett,  Samuel  H.  Warren,  and  George  W.  Plummer. 
These  persons  met  and  appointed  from  their  number  a  com- 
mittee of  three,  for  general  business,  viz.,  Samuel  Warren, 
A.  J.  Smith,  and  John  B.  Rand. 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  315 

The  town,  at  its  annual  meeting  in  March,  indorsed  the  cit- 
izens' meeting,  and  by  vote  made  it  its  own,  adding  John  C. 
Gerry  and  Josiah  Monroe  to  the  general  committee.  On  mo- 
tion of  Joseph  Hale,  the  very  liberal  sum  of  five  hundred 
dollars  was  voted  by  acclamation,  to  defray  expenses. 

Early  in  the  spring,  the  following  notice  was  published  in 
the  papers : 

CENTENNIAL. 

The  citizens  of  Waterford  propose  to  celebrate  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  the  settlement  of  the  town  on  the  first 
day  of  September  next.  There  will  be  an  historical'  address, 
and  other  exercises  appropriate  to  the  occasion. 

The  town  mother  earnestly  calls  home  all  her  sons  and 
daughters,  to  a  home-gathering  and  re-union  ;  and  to  all,  who 
for  any  cause,  are  interested  to  participate  in  this  memorial 
service,  she  extends  a  most  cordial  welcome. 

A  free  public  dinner  will  be  served  on  the  occasion,  and  no 
pains  will  be  spared  to  make  it  one  of  profit  and  interest  to  all 
her  guests. 

Most  respectfully,  in  behalf  of  the  committee, 

Samuel  Warre:?^. 

Waterford,  April,  1875. 

As  the  summer  advanced,  there  were  numerous  meetings 
of  the  committee  and  citizens.  To  prepare  and  provide  for  so 
large  a  gathering,  as  might  be  expected,  was  no  small  labor. 
Plans  were  proposed  and  considered,  and  the  work  of  prep- 
aration given  into  the  hands  of  sub-committees.  Special 
invitations  were  sent  out.  The  Bridgton  Brass  Band  was 
hired.     As  the  time  drew  near,  the  passers  by  the  way,  and 


316  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

the  "  stranger  within  our  gates,"  saw  a  busy  scene,  and  that 
old  Waterford  was  intensely  in  earnest. 

The  work  was  now  well  in  hand,  the  details  of  which  would 
not  be  interesting  to  the  reader.  The  committee  would  here 
express  their  grateful  sense  of  obligation  to  all  who  kindly 
assisted.  Where  so  many  did  well,  it  may  seem  invidious  to 
particularize.  Our  thanks  are  especially  due  Mrs.  Laura 
Kimball,  for  a  liberal  gift  in  money,  and  to  Mr.  Cliarles 
Young,  who  generously  furnished  the  canvas  and  cordage 
for  the  pavilion.  Thanks  are  also  due  to  those  who  kindly 
lent  from  their  houses  to  furnish  the  tables,  and  particularly 
to  the  merchants  who  held  their  supplies  in  abeyance. 

THE   CENTENNIAL. 

For  several  days  preceding,  busy  heads  and  hands  had 
been  hard  at  work  in  anxious  preparation. 

The  first  day  of  September  dawned  beautifully  clear,  arid 
the  young  autumn  sun,  breaking  over  the  eastern  horizon 
upon  a  cloudless  sky,  gave  promise  of  a  glorious  day.  His 
beams  first  tipped  with  gold  the  peaks  of  Tire-'em,  then  fal- 
ling upon  the  quiet  bosom  of  the  lakelet  at  his  base,  they  were 
refiected  in  one  broad  sheen  of  beauty,  and  still  onward  they 
pursued  tlie  retreating  shadows  from  valley  to  valley,  till  hill 
and  mountain  and  the  whole  face  of  nature,  were  lit  up  with 
one  broad  smile  of  gladness.  In  the  song  and  cheer  of  that 
beautiful  morning  anxious  hearts  rejoiced.  Upon  the  tri- 
angular common,  beneath  the  shades  of  the  graceful  elms, 
an  immense  pavilion  had  been  erected,  and  in  the  rear  angle 
toward  the  church,  upon  a  dais-like  area,  were  ample  accom- 
modations for  the  speakers  and  numerous  honorary  guests ; 
for  the  choir,  the  reporters  and  the  band.  Here  the  ladies 
had  displayed  their  skill  in  artistic  ornamentation.     Appro- 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  317 

priate  mottoes,  tastefully  arranged  with  festoons  of  flowers, 
and  wreaths  of  evergreen,  pictures,  relics,  etc.;  and  here,  as 
elsewhere,  was  displayed  the  national  ensign  with  its  proudly 
waving  banners.  Upon  the  grounds  of  A.  S.  Kimball,  Esq., 
and  Joseph  Hale,  long  rows  of  tables  had  been  erected,  suf- 
ficient to  seat  some  eighteen  hundred  people  ;  and  as  the 
eye  ran  along  their  extended  lines,  with  their  comfortable 
awnings,  set  off  with  such  drapery  as  was  suggested  by  the 
taste  of  those  in  charge  of  the  different  divisions  ;  and  later 
in  the  morning,  as  hospitable  hands  of  matrons  and  maidens 
were  seen  loading  them  down  with  appetizing  viands,  no 
further  suggestion  was  needed  of  large  festive  possibilities. 

Long  before  the  appointed  hour  all  the  highways  and  by- 
paihs  leading  to  Waterford  Flat  presented  a  scene  such  as 
the  oldest  denizens  of  the  town  had  never  witnessed ;  a 
moving  throng  of  carriages  filled  with  eager  faces,  and  pedes- 
trians, all  pressing  to  the  common  rendezvous.  With  hearts 
swelling  proudly  for  the  old  mother,  we  saw  that  the 
sons  and  the  daughters  were  there.  Old  age,  with  sprightly 
tread,  and  children  with  happy  faces,  grandmothers  and 
grandsires  with  whitened  locks,  sturdy  manhood,  young  men 
and  maidens,  all  were  come  to  do  honor  to  the  homes  of 
their  youth. 

Conspicuously  from  various  points  the  national  banner 
flung  out  its  graceful  folds,  and  as  the  crowd  beneath  swayed 
to  and  fro  on  the  beautiful  common,  each  heart,  lifted  above 
obstreperous  mirth  to  the  dignity  of  silent  joyousness  an- 
swers, the  scene  was  one  to  be  witnessed  and  never  forgotten. 

At  the  appointed  hour  came  the  call  of  the  president  to 
order,  and  the  exercises  commenced  with  a  grand  overture 
by  the  band. 


318  WATERFOKD  CENTENNIAL. 

Mr.  A.  S.  Kimball,  the  president  of  the  day,  gave  a  neat 
and  appropriate  address  of  welcoma,  as  follows  : 

Fellow  Citizens: 

We  meet  to-day  for  the  purpose  of  celebrating  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  the  settlement  of  this  good  old  town. 
We  feel  that  it  is  well  for  us  that  we  are  hei'e.  The  heavens 
smile  benignly  upon  us.  Our  fields  are  laden  with  abundant 
harvests.  Our  hillsides  lift  their  heads  above  us,  crowned  with 
their  luxuriant  foliage,  as  if  in  praise  to  the  great  Author  of 
heaven  and  earth,  for  the    many  blessings  which  we  enjoy. 

One  hundred  years  ago  all  these  broad  fields  and  pastures,  as 
far  as  the  vision  extends,  were  one  vast  forest.  The  footprint 
of  civilization  had  left  no  imprint  thereon.  Here  the  massive 
trees  of  the  forest  spread  out  their  giant  branches,  shielding  the 
rich  verdure  beneath  from  the  rays  of  the  summer  sun.  The 
silence  was  unbroken,  save  by  the  murmuring  waters,  the  chirp 
of  birds,  the  footfall  of  the  deer,  or  the  occasional  tramp  of  the 
red  man,  who  held  undisputed  sway  over  all  this  extensive  do- 
main. But  a  change  came.  One  solitary  man  penetrated  the 
then  unbroken  solitude,  and  erected  a  cabin  within  the  wilder- 
ness. After  a  time  others  came  within  our  limits,  and  the  sound 
of  the  axe  re-echoed  over  from  clearing  to  clearing.  The  settlers' 
cabins  multiplied,  and  the  primeval  growth,  which  had  with- 
stood the  storms  and  tempests  of  Centuries,  disappeared.  Since 
which,  our  hills  and  valleys  have  been  developed  into  fruitful 
fields,  now  seen  upon  every  hand,  and  our  villages  teeming  with 
the  diflereut  industries,  have  sprung  up. 

The  sons  and  daughters  of  Waterford  have  located  them- 
selves in  almost  every  land  and  clime  within  the  pale  of  civili- 
zation, and  I  have  yet  to  learn  that  they  have  ever  betrayed 
their  trust,  or  been  unfaithful  to  the  principles  of  virtue  and 
integrity,  which  characterized  the  early  settlers  of  this  town  ; 
hence  I  bid  you  all  a  cordial  welcome  home ;  you  who  are  the 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  319 

children  of  Waterford ;  you  who  have  ever  resided  here  ;  and 
to  all  who  have  come  to  assist  us  in  appropriately  celebrating 
this  most  important  epoch  in  the  history  of  the  town  of  Wa- 
terford, I  extend  a  most  cordial  welcome.  And  while  we  think 
and  speak  of  those  who  have  gone  before,  let  us,  their  descend- 
ants, ever  keep  in  remembrance  the  example  furnished  by  the 
fathers  and  mothers  who  steadily  toiled  on  through  adversity 
and  prosperity,  as  their  works  abundantly  show.  Truly,  they 
have  furnished  us  with  a  lofty  standard,  by  which  to  try  our- 
selves. Let  us  therefore  renew  our  pledges  of  fidelity  to  their 
memory,  as  we  gather  around  this  centennial  altar,  that  our 
works  may  serve  as  a  footprint  in  the  sands  of  time  to  those 
who  in  the  untold  generations  to  come,  shall  gather  up  the  un- 
finished work  we  have  begun. 

Again  I  bid  you  all  a  cordial  welcome  home,  and  thank  you 
for  coming  to  assist  us  in  performing  the  services  of  the  day. 

Prayer  was  offered  by  the  chaplain,  Rev.  A.  J.  Smith. 
From  the  choir  broke  forth  the  cheering  strains  of  "Home 
Again,"  and  as  its  pleasing  numbers  swelled  forth  and  were 
caught  up  by  the  vast  assemblage,  many  a  heart  thrilled  in 
response. 

Mr.  Henry  P.  Warren  then  gave  the  historical  address, 
and  as  the  scenes  and  incidents  of  past  days  were  vividly 
recalled  by  the  speaker,  and  musty  records  were  made 
to  give  up  their  treasures,  the  interest  of  the  large  con- 
course of  people  was  manifest.  As  the  dim  outlines  of  a  past 
age  came  out  in  bold  relief,  and  events  and  passages  of 
former  times  were  vividly  portrayed,  with  many  of  which 
some  present  were  familiar,  or  perhaps  bore  a  part,  the  in- 
terest grew  into  the  most  wrapt  attention.  No  attempt  will 
be  made  to  outline  it,  as  the  address  itself  makes  up  the   vol- 


320  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

ume  of  the  preceding  pages.     Nor  will  the  reader  understand 
that  it  was  given  except  in  brief. 

After  the  address  and  a  voluntary  by  the  band,  dinner  was 
announced  by  the  President,  and  a  cordial  invitation  was  ex- 
tended to  all.  The  divine  blessing  having  been  invoked  by 
Rev.  David  Garland  of  Bethel,  the  audience,  as  fast  as  they 
could  be  seated,  repaired  to  the  tables,  where  a  sumptuous 
dinner  was  served  upon  the  grounds  as  stated  above.  As 
in  a  grand  but  quiet  scene  upon  the  plains  of  Judea, 
outside  the  village,  and  upon  its  border,  the  bold  mountain 
craggs  looking  down  in  the  rear,  the  multitude  sat  down, 
"by  companies,"  "and  did  eat  and  were  filled."  A  festive 
scene  is  one  of  participation,  and  not  for  description  ;  and  if 
the  hilarious  but  orderly  cheer  which  prevailed  might  be 
used  in  judgment,  the  dinner  was  enjoyed. 

The  number  dined  can  only  be  approximated.  But  if  we 
remember  that  the  tables  had  been  arranged  for  some  eight- 
een hundred  people,  and  in  the  estimation  of  those  in  charge, 
they  were  filled  from  two  to  three  times,  some  idea  of  the 
number  present  may  be  formed.  Large  as  was  the  number, 
there  was  enough  for  all,  and  food  remained  upon  the  tables 
for  other  thousands.  Of  this  part  of  the  programme  a  re- 
porter says :  "  The  most  complete  order  prevailed  during 
this  most  difficult  part  of  the  performance,  and  the  admira- 
ble manner  of  serving  the  vast  multitudes  evinced  a  com- 
plete and  masterly  organization  of  forces." 

After  dinner,  as  the  seats  were  being  rapidly  filled,  a  fear- 
ful accident  occurred,  and  two  persons  were  badly  but  not 
fatally  injured.  A  vicious  horse  had  broken  loose,  and 
dragging  a  heavy  piece  of  timber,  rushed  furiously  over  the 
seats  and  among  the  gathering  audience,  causing  a  terrible 
panic ;  yet,  as  if  by  miracle,  only  the  two  persons  named 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  321 

above  were  seriously  injured.  Order  having  been  restored, 
the  exercises  of  the  afternoon  commenced  with  a  salutatory 
by  the  band,  and  in  response  to  sentiments  offered  by  the 
president,  it  was  pleasantly  and  profitably  spent  in  listening 
to  addresses  by  numerous  speakers,  nearly  all  of  whom  were 
natives  of  Waterford.  The  large  area  of  well-filled  seats, 
with  eager  and  attentive  faces,  gave  ample  assurance  that 
the  exercises,  interspersed  with  excellent  music,  were  en- 
joyed. 

The  first  sentiment,  offered  by  the  president,  was : 

The  Fathers  and  Mothers  of  Waterford.    Response  by  Rev. 
William  Warren,  d.d.,  of  Gorham,  Me. 

Mr.  President :  Some  one  has  said  that  this  seemed  to 
him  like  the  funeral  of  the  old  century.  It  seems  to  me  to  be 
rather  the  resurrection  of  the  old  century.  To-day  the  past 
of  this  town  comes  up  before  us  in  joyous  review.  Those  early 
historical  scenes,  the  sacrifices  and  sufferings  accompanying 
them,  have  been  set  before  our  view  in  order  and  in  fresh  light, 
and  have  been  given  a  new  life.  Those  men  and  women  who 
made  this  town  what  it  is,  whom  we  have  known  personally, 
or  through  dim  tradition,  have  in  a  sense  revived  to  our  view 
and  acquaintance  to-day.  They  live  again  and  are  with  us  in 
a  sense  in  these  our  festivities.  We  greet  them,  we  take  them 
by  the  hand,  as  it  were,  on  this  commemorative  occasion.  Yes, 
fathers  and  mothers,  with  all  the  heart  we  welcome  you  back 
to  the  scenes  of  life,  to  our  fellowships  and  our  festivities  on 
this  centennial  occasion. 

The  obsequies  of  the  past  ?  No,  rather  its  resurrection  on 
this  hundredth  birthday  of  the  town!  How  little  there  is  of  us 
that  death  can  arrest  or  the  grave  can  hold!  There  are  things 
stronger  than  death.     The  triumph  of  the  grave  is  brief.     All 


322  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

that  is  truly  noble  hath  immortality.  It  is  the  privilege  of  all 
in  life  to  do  that  which  outlives  life ;  to  build  characters  and 
forecast  destinies  which  death  itself  cannot  destroy. 

This  occasion  leads  to  the  reviving  and  renewing  of  forgot- 
ten scenes.  Here  we  review  the  noble  acts  and  imperishable 
virtues  that  gave  early  character  to  this  town.  These  do  not 
perish,  they  are  robed  in  immortality.  We  register  them  upon 
tablets  that  cannot  fade  on  this  commemorative  occasion. 

But  I  am  expected  to  speak  particularly  of  the  original  fami- 
lies of  Waterford  ;  and  perhaps,  because,  though  a  son  and  a 
grandson  of  first  settlers  here,  I  am  an  old  man  and  yet  the 
twilight  of  my  own  recollections  but  touches  the  vanishing 
of  theirs.  It  is  pleasant  for  me  to  speak  of  those  early  families 
that  so  impressed  my  childhood  and  youth,  and  left  upon  the 
town  their  likeness  and  image.  They  still  survive  in  the  char- 
acter tliey  gave  to  Waterford.  We  dwell  on  their  memory 
with  pleasure  ;  let  this  day  help  to  make  it  imperishable. 

I  do  not  claim  that  those  pioneers  of  the  town  were  perfect, 
that  tliey  wholly  escaped  the  temptations  and  habits  of  their 
time.  But  sir,  I  only  wonder  that  their  faults  were  so  few ; 
that  they  withstood  wrong  influences  so  well ;  and  that  so  few 
of  them  fell  into  vice  and  dishonor.  How  little  they  had  to  do 
with  and  how  scanty  were  their  privileges! 

We  care  to  make  no  ungrateful  records  to-day.  It  is  not  the 
shaded  leaf  or  blotted  ledger  that  stands  open  before  us.  It 
is  the  brighter  pages  of  honorable  history  of  successful  life  on 
which  we  have  to  dwell ;  the  review  of  noble  courage,  of 
rare  self-denial,  of  manly  aspirations,  rising  often  to  inspira- 
tions ;  these  are  before  us  now  and  impel  us  to  put  the  cen- 
tury properly  and  honorably  upon  the  calendar  of  time. 

We  recall  with  pride  the  hardihood  and  privations  of  those 
fathers  and  mothers,  who  faced  danger,  forced  obstacles  and 
impossibilities  well-nigh  in  this  then  unbroken  wilderness.  We 
call  to  mind  the  sacrifices  they  made  in  leaving  pleasant  homes, 


WATERFOED  CENTENNIAL. 


323 


and  their  comparatively  easy  life ;  exchanging  safety  for  peril, 
society  for  solitude,  and  competence,  it  may  be,  for  the  rude- 
ness and  sacrifices  of  pioneer  life.  How  I  used  to  marvel  at  my 
mother's  story  of  leaving  her  old  home  in  Massachusetts,  the 
beauties  of  Prospect  Hill  on  the  one  hand,  and  charming  Plum 
Island  on  the  other,  for  this  cold  and  dreary  wilderness  of  Wa- 
terford  ;  nor  the  emotions  I  felt,  half  a  century  afterward,  when 
I  stood  for  the  first  time,  on  a  thanksgiving  morning,  upon  that 
same  enchanted  Prospect  Hill  (near  the  foot  of  which  she  had 
lived),  overlooking  the  town  and  distant  Plum  Island,  gateway 
to  the  sea,  and  remembered  that  dear  mother,  who  left  all  this 
fifty  years  before  for  a  wilderness  home  !  But  God  gave  the 
heart  and  the  hope  and  the  nerve !  Those  fathers  and  moth- 
ers came  here  under  the  inspiration  of  a  noble  manhood  and 
womanhood.  They  built  for  themselves  houses  and  homes, 
rude  of  course ;  felled  the  forests,  turning  it  into  fields  and 
farms,  and  planted  institutions  as  well  as  vineyards  for  them- 
selves and  for  us.  Can  we  forget  them  ?  How  can  we  but  ad- 
mire them  ? 

And  what  vicariousness  of  skill  and  service  they  brought 
with  them !  A  brave  old  lady  whose  husband  was  out  in  two 
Avars,  whom  the  bullets  did  not  hit,  was  often  both  physician 
and  nurse.  And  how  did  the  mothers  and  fathers  rejoice  in 
her  presence  and  skill.  It  was  a  day  when  little  had  to  stand 
for  much  ;  when  a  few  had  to  do  the  work  of  many,  and  com- 
mon sense  to  serve  often  for  science  and  professional  skill. 

In  a  more  personal  glance  at  these  root-families,  I  pass  by 
the  Warrens,  but  not  so  properly  the  Greens  ;  Thomas,  out  in 
the  French  and  Revolutionary  wars,  a  hero  in  many  battles. 
He  came  here  early  to  help  conquer  the  wilderness.  He  came 
with  his  large  family  of  sons  and  daughters,  all  of  whom  set- 
tled near  him.  He  and  wife  (the  lady  just  referred  to),  lived 
to  a  great  age,  and  were  loved  and  honored  of  all  to  the  end. 

His  old  neighbor  in  Rowley,  Captain  Stephen  Jewett,  soon 


324  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

followed  and  became  his  neighbor  here.  He  brought  his  large 
family  of  sons  and  daughters,  who  settled  around  hira.  He  was 
keen  of  perception,  delighted  in  debate,  especially  for  doctrine, 
as  his  noted  controversy  with  his  minister  shows. 

And  then  the  Chaplins,  Daniel  and  David,  the  latter  a  teach- 
er, versed  in  Greek,  mighty  in  the  scriptures,  and  skilled  in  va- 
rious mechanisms.  The  former,  grave,  steadfast  and  useful  ; 
serving  the  town  variously,  as  did  his  son  Daniel  after  him. 

And  the  Saunders's,  Joshua,  Ezekiel,  Samuel  and  Humphrey, 
brothers  from  the  same  old  seed  town  ;  they  were  men  of  sober 
life,  upright  and  honest — lovers  of  order  and  truth.  The  above 
men  were  all  from  the  same  parish  in  Massachusetts,  giving  the 
name  of  Rowley  to  North  Waterford.  Neighbors  to  these; 
were  General  Sawin,  Benjamin  Proctor,  and  others  more  re- 
cent, who  helped  to  subdue  this  harder  portion  of  the  town, 
and  to  make  it  perhaps  the  more  thrifty  and  prosperous  in  the 
end.     These  were  men  not  to  be  omitted. 

And  then  the  Plummers ;  Jonathan,  free  in  manners,  as  from 
all  guile;  of  sturdy  common  sense,  which  gave  him  (and  quite  to 
his  credit),  the  title  of  "Judge";  and  Samuel,  enterprising  and 
prosperous;  useful  in  town  business,  the  church  chorister,  set- 
tling his  large  family  around  him ;  and  Josiah,  of  good  habits 
and  life.  These  gave  the  neighborhood  north  of  the  Flat  its 
name. 

And  the  Horrs;  Philip,  the  first  to  move  into  town  with 
his  family ;  his  sons,  Isaac,  Abraham,  and  John  (deacon),  were 
like  their  father,  peaceable  and  exemplary  citizens. 

In  West  Waterford,  were  the  Houghtons.  Major  Jonathan, 
his  sons,  Abel,  Henry,  and  Cyrus,  were  in  military  life  ;  Jon- 
athan was  Representative,  and  both  he  and  Henry  were  dea- 
cons ;  Josiah  was  a  clergyman,  and  Lewis  a  physician. 

Let  me  speak  of  the  Hales.  Oliver  once  led  the  town  in 
wealth ;  Benjamin  was  noted  as  the  town  tailor ;  Israel  reared 
his  large  family  where  Capt.  Thomas  Swan  now  lives. 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  325 

And  then  the  Stones ;  Jonathan,  Moses,  Solomon,  Oliver, 
Joel,  and  David,  all  useful  men  and  good  citizens,  taking  their 
share  in  town  business,  and  in  giving  it  character  and  prosperity 

The  Browns  also.  Tliaddeus,  of  sharp  intellect  and  instincts, 
of  strong  memory  and  will,  was  largely  successful  in  business. 
Daniel,  his  son,  was  long  in  trade  here,  and  was  in  both  branch- 
es of  the  Legislature;  Levi,  his  brother  and  partner,  command- 
ed M  battalion  of  cavalry,  and  was  useful  in  town  affairs.  Wil- 
liam was  brother  and  neighbor  to  Thaddeus.  He  afterward 
kept  public  house  on  the  Flat.  Jabez  and  Thaddeus,  sons  of 
Thaddeus,  senior,  have  kept  alive  the  historical  traditions  of  the 
town. 

And  lastly,  the  Hamlins,  having  for  names  the  four  conti- 
nents (as  far  as  these  went),  Eleazer,  fond  of  history  and  soci- 
ety, often  in  town  business,  and  thrice  in  the  Legislature ;  Han- 
nibal, major,  in  the  militia,  and  high  sheriff  of  the  county,  of 
large  influence  and  capacity ;  Africa,  often  and  early  intrusted 
with  town  affairs.  Dr.  Cyrus,  father  of  Vice-President  Ham- 
lin, settled  in  Paris.  This  family  of  Hamlins  did  much  to  give 
early  character  and  strength  to  the  town. 

I  have  glanced  at  these  original  fimilies  in  groups  mostly. 
But  there  are  individual  names  of  special  honor,  that  have  been 
alluded  to  in  the  Address,  with  others  upon  which  I  cannot 
now  dwell,  as  Longley,  Baker,  Monroe,  Farrar,  Cross,  Rice, 
Gerry. 

I  name  the  moi,  you  notice,  but  the  women  are  equally  de- 
serving, and  were  largely  influential  in  their  families,  in  the 
rearing  of  noble  sons  and  daughters. 

But  how  little  can  one  do  in  this  hurried  way  to  give  a  true 
impression  of  those  early  families.  It  is  happy  that  they  were 
made  of  material  that  constitutes  strong  and  prosperous  com- 
munities. They  grew  in  mental  and  moral  strength  by  means 
of  the  school-house  and  the  sanctuary.     Toil  was  their  pastime, 


326  WATEEFOED  CENTENNIAL. 

business  and  self-denial,  their  vocation,  and  honorable  dealing, 
their  fixed  habit. 

Mr.  President,  we  are  reaping  the  harvest  of  such  sowing. 
And  it  is  fitting  now  that  we  set  up  our  stone  at  this  opening 
of  the  new  century,  upon  which  we  will  inscribe  our  grateful 
memory  of  those  fathers  and  mothers,  and  will  write  with  a 
reverent  hand  and  heart  for  ourselves,  Thus  far  the  Lord 
has  helped  us  ! 

The  sons  and  daughters  of  Waterford  noio  residents  of  other 
States  and  Countries.  Resj)onded  to  by  Rev.  Dr.  Cyktjs 
Hamlin,  of  Robert  College,  Constantinople,  Turkey. 

Felloio  Citizens  of  Waterford : 

After  so  many  long  years  of  absence,  I  rejoice  to  meet  you 
once  more  on  the  shores  of  time  ;  and  I  esteem  it  an  honor 
to  be  called  upon  to  speak  to  you  on  behalf  of  those  who,  like 
myself,  have  been  called  to  dwell  and  to  do  life's  work  in  other 
states  and  foreign  lands.  We  return  to  our  old  home  always 
to  find  it  more  beautiful,  more  attractive  than  ever.  In  the 
prosecution  of  my  work,  I  have  had  the  opportunity  to  see 
something  of  the  most  celebrated  places  in  Europe,  with  re- 
gard to  natural  scenery.  What  can  one  find  in  Switzerland 
more  beautiful  than  our  native  town,  with  its  hills  and  charm- 
ing lakes,  which  would  be  in  the  highest  degree  poetical,  if  we 
did  not  call  them  "  ponds." 

In  the  autumn  of  1834, 1  climbed  one  morning  the  hill  at  my 
right,  in  company  with  the  poet  Longfellow.  In  looking  down 
upon  that  beautiful  sheet  of  water  and  its  surroundings,  after 
mentioning  this  and  that  place  in  Switzerland  of  which  it  re- 
minded him,  he  added,  "Indeed  this  is  Switzerland." 

I  believe  the  more  we  travel  in  foreign  lands,  the  more  "  our 
hearts  untraveled"  will  return  to  the  beautiful  hills  and  vales 
and  lakes,  to  testify  that  God  has  indeed   given  us   "  a  goodly 


WATERFOED  CENTE.VNIAL.  611 

heritage,"  in  full  harmony  with  the  character  of  the  men  and 
women  whom  we  venerate  as  our  fathers  and  mothers. 

But  you  will  naturally  expect  me  to  speak  of  the  foreign 
work  in  which  the  sons  and  daughters  of  Waterford  have  been 
engaged.  The  emigration  from  this  town  into  almost  every 
state  of  the  union  has  been  so  great  that  I  will  not  attempt 
to  follow  it.  Those  whom  you  have  thus  sent  forth  have  ob- 
tained and  are  still  hokling  posts  of  honor  and  usefulness,  and 
some  of  them  are  here  to  salute  you  and  to  speak  for  them- 
selves on  this  centennial  day. 

To  foreign  peoples,  as  missionaries,  you  have  sent  four,  Tliis 
number  may  be  far  less  than  your  duty, but  it  is  far  greater  than 
the  average.  Many  towns  of  the  state  have  not  sent  one;  and 
but  very  few  have  sent  more  than  one.  Of  these  four,  one  was 
a  teacher  among  the  North  American  Indians,  one  a  teacher  in 
India,  one  a  missionary  and  teacher  in  Turkey,  and  one  a  mis- 
sionary and  an  able  translator  of  the  scriptures  in  India. 

Now  I  am  sure  you  have  done  well  to  remember  those  dis- 
tant peoples  in  their  darkness  and  degradation  by  sending  to 
them  some  of  your  sons  and  daughters.  We  are  always  hear- 
ing from  certain  persons  that  '•  charity  should  begin  at  home," 
and  I  always  fear  that  with  such  it  stays  at  home.  About  its 
beginning  1  do  not  know.  Our  christian  faith  began  at  Jeru- 
salem and  then  went  forth  into  all  the  world.  That  which  he- 
gins  right  never  stays. 

As  you  have  made  a  beginning  in  this  grace,  go  on  unto  per- 
fection ;  and  let  your  sentiments,  your  feelings  and  your  princi- 
ples of  christian  charity  embrace  the  world.  This  is  Christ- 
like and  truly  noble. 

But  I  have  been  told  that  I  shall  be  expected  to  say  some- 
thing to  you,  ray  neighbors  and  fellow  townsmen,  with  regard 
to  my  personal  work  abroad.  I  left  this  country  in  1838,  and 
for  twenty-two  years  was  a  missionary  of  the  American  Board 


328  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

in  Constantinople,  and  for  about  twenty  years,  was  principal  of 
the  "  Bebec  Seminary." 

In  1860,  I  entered  upon  the  M'ork  of  founding  an   American 
college  on  the  Bosphorus,  now  known  as  Robert  College,  from 
Christopher  R.  Robert  of  New  York,  who  has  supplied  nearly 
all  the  funds,  about  1200,000.     This  college  is  the  first  of  those 
missionary  colleges   which   are  now  crowning  the  missionary 
work  wherever  it  has  been  successful.     Into  that  institution  are 
gathered  nearly  two  hundred  students  of  many  races,  of  many 
languages,  and  of  many  religions  ;  for  Turkey  is  composed,  not 
of  a  jDCople,  but  of  many  peoples — fragments  of  the  old  Roman 
Empire.     All  these  youth,  of  whatever  race,  language  or  fiith, 
study    the    English    language   and   the    Christian    Scriptures. 
These  forces,  a  common  language,  a  common  education,  and  a 
common  Bible,  are   mighty  forces  with    which  to  assail  the  old 
fortresses  of  Oriental   error   and    darkness   and    superstition. 
Nothing  can  stand  before  them.     These  educated  youth   will 
ere  long  fill  places  of  trust  and  power.     The  old,  the  unchange- 
able East  is  changing.     The  old  is  passing  away,  the  new  is 
coming  in.     The  human  mind,  throughout  all  those  untvangel- 
ized  regions,  seems  to  be  growing  weary  of  the  old  forms  of  su- 
perstition and  oppression,  and  from  the  Isles  of  Greece  to  the 
Isles  of  Japan,  over  the  broad   continent  of  Asia,  it  is  waking 
up  and  stretching  forth  after  some  betttr  mode  of  life,  and  of 
social   and  of  religious   organization.      "  The  whole  creation 
groaneth  and  travaileth  in   pain  together  until  now,    waiting 
for  the  manifestation  of  the  sons  of  God."     The  Turkish  Em- 
pire feels  this  great  and  divine  movement  in  every  part.     The 
Bible  is  going  forth  in  all  its  languages  to  all  its  peoples.     The 
Koran  is  losing  its  power.     The   decayed  and   corrupt  Chris- 
tianity of  the  East  is   reviving.     Schools  are   becoming  better, 
and  more  numerous.     The  press  is  sending  forth  the  newspaper 
into  all  the  land,  evangelical  churches  are  widely  established 
the  gospel  is  freely  preached,  and  surely  a  new  era  has  dawned 
upon  the  Empire.     Whether  false  religion  will  expire  without 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  329 

a  bloody  struggle,  is  one  of  the  unknown  things  of  the  future, 
to  be  left  to  the  all-controlling  providence  of  God.  I  do  not 
feel  that  I  could  have  done  any  better  work  elsewhere,  that  I 
could  have  been  more  useful  or  more  happy  in  any  other  situa- 
tion, than  I  have  been  in  Turkey,  Of  the  great  work  accom- 
plished there,  I  have  done  a  very  insignificant  part,  but  what 
has  been  done  will  live  forever. 

I  have  come  home  for  the  special  work  of  obtaining  an  en- 
dowment for  the  college.  That  accomplished,  I  shall  return, 
gladly,  joyfully,  to  my  work;  not  that  I  love  my  native  land 
less,  but  that  Eastern  land  more. 

The  Clergy  of  Waterford.  Responded  to  by  Rev.  Delano 
Perrt,  of  the  Methodist  church,  South  Waterford.  We 
are  not  favored  with  a  copy  of  this  address. 

The  Medical  Profession.  Responded  to  by  Dr.  Thomas  H. 
Gage,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  with  address  and  original  poem. 

3Ir.  Chairman^  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

I  ought  to  be,  and  I  am,  deeply  sensible  of  the  kindness  and 
courtesy  to  myself  personally  which  is  expressed  in  your  greet- 
ing. It  is  pleasant  after  long  absence  to  return  and  greet  once 
more  some  of  the  faces  which  were  familiar  in  my  youth,  and 
to  find  that  I  am  not  myself  entirely  forgotten. 

You  have  made  complimentary  allusion  to  the  representation 
by  this  town  in  the  medical  profession.  For  the  very  small 
share  in  that  compliment,  which  I  can  appropriate  to  myself,  I 
thank  you;  but  I  thank  you  much  more  on  behalf  of  those 
others,  born  and  educated  here,  who  have  gone  out  from  the 
place  to  achieve  eminence  and  success  in  that  noble  calling,  and 
whose  absence  here  to-day  is  a  matter  of  regret  and  disappoint- 
ment to  us  all.  I  thank  you  too,  still  more,  on  behalf  of  that 
great  memory  to  which  you  and  others  have  kindly  and  repeat- 
22 


330  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

edly  alluded  to-day,  and  which,  of  course,  for  me  personally 
overshadows  all  other  memories  of  the  occasion. 

But  it  is  not  ray  purpose  to  make  a  speech.  I  do  wish,  how- 
ever, to  express  my  deep  sense  of  gratitude  to  those  good 
citizens  of  tliis  beautiful  town,  who  conceived  the  idea  and 
plan  of  this  pleasant  reunion,  and  who  have  labored  so  suc- 
cessfully to  carry  it  out.  I  know  that  their  labors  and  anx- 
ieties in  connection  with  it  have  been  great,  and  I  sincerely 
trust  that  their  reward  may  be  great  also;  not  only  in  present 
pleasure  but  in  grateful  memories  for  them  and  their  successors 
forever. 

Unable  to  contribute  anything  more  substantial  in  aid  of  the 
enterprise,  will  you  allow  me  to  offer  an  imperfect  but  grateful 
tribute  in  verse  ? 

No  great  event  of  world-wide  fame 

We  celebrate  to-day ; 
No  proud  historic  field  can  claim 

The  honors  that  we  pay. 

The  fact  we  here  commemorate 

Will  scarce  detain  us  long. 
Or  much  afford,  of  good  or  great, 

For  eulogy  or  song. 

Within  the  pathless  forest  came, 

A  hundred  years  ago, 
A  woodman,  of  familiar  name, 

To  lay  the  forest  low. 

Inspired  with  no  ambitious  aim. 

Averse  to  blood  and  strife, 
He  fled  the  scenes  of  deathless  fame, 

To  seek  a  quiet  life ; 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

To  seek  perchance,  within  the  wood, 

Amid  its  i^eacefid  charms, 
A  safe  retreat  in  solitude, 

Secure  from  war's  alarms ; — 

With  little  thought  his  poor  retreat 

Would  be  a  scene  of  fame, 
Where  eager  pilgrim  throngs  would  meet 

To  bless  his  humble  name. 

But  yet,  how  often  we  observe, 

In  Heaven's  eternal  plan, 
That  humblest  means  are  made  to  serve 

God's  purposes  to  man. 

The  place  where  that  plain  woodman  came, 

And  hewed  the  forest  down, 
Through  Heaven's  benignant  care  became 

A  fruitful,  thriving  town. 

The  pleasing  scene  on  every  hand. 
Which  all  the  landscape  fills, — 

The  rock-bound,  yet  productive  land. 
And  richly  wooded  hills. 

Attracted  here  a  noble  race 

Of  men  inured  to  toil. 
Who  braved  the  hardships  of  the  place. 

To  try  a  virgin  soil. 

The  early  fathers  of  the  town 

Were  of  that  sturdy  stock. 
Which  took  its  prestige  and  renown 

From  grand  old  Plymouth  Rock. 


332  WATERFORD  CENTENmAL. 

And  with  them,  to  the  wilderness, 
In  manly  hearts  they  bore 

The  same  religious  earnestness 
The  pilgrims  did  of  yore ; — 

The  same  grand  love  of  Liberty, 
The  same  respect  for  Law, 

The  same  broad  Christian  Charity, 
And  reverential  awe. 

And,  lest  this  ardor  should  abate. 
And  faith  itself  grow  cool, 

They  brought  those  pillars  of  the  State, 
The  Church  and  Common  School. 

Not  yet,  of  course,  those  forces  raised 
To  present  scope  and  power, 

But  germs  within  the  seed  embraced — 
The  bud,  but  not  the  flower. 

Yet  many  a  dark  and  bitter  day 
Of  mingled  hopes  and  fears, 

And  many  a  sorrow  marked  the  way 
Of  those  brave  pioneers. 

Full  oft  the  promised  harvest  failed, 
And  famine  pressed  them  sore, 

And  many  a  strong  man's  spirit  quailed, 
That  never  quailed  before. 

But  still  their  faith  did  not  abate, 
Nor  did  their  ardor  cool — 

They  kept  those  pillars  of  the  State 
The  Church  and  Common  School. 


I 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  666 

And  built  a  simple  school-house  where 

They  turned  the  virgin  sod, 
And  near  it  raised  in  faith  and  prayer, 

A  temple  to  their  God. 

Who  can  recall  without  a  thrill, 

That  place  of  praise  and  prayer, 
The  ancient  church  upon  the  hill. 

And  those  who  worshiped  there  ? 

Who  can  forget  the  cottage  near. 

That  scene  of  saintly  grace, 
Which  made  it  seem  through  many  a  year, 

To  us  a  sacred  place  ? 

Who  can  compute  the  priceless  worth, 

The  measure  or  extent, 
Of  that  good  influence  in  the  earth. 

Its  gentle  inmates  lent  ? 

Who  stands  unmoved  within  the  place 

Which  holds  in  sacred  trust, 
Some  loved,  revered,  and  sainted  face, 

That  slumbers  in  the  dust? 

These  are  the  lives  and  memories 

To  which  we  tribute  pay ; 
Theirs  are  the  bloodless  victories 

We  celebrate  to-day. 

The  Legal  Fraternity.     Responded  to  by  Albert  Barker 
Esq.,  of  Colebrook,  N.  H. 

The  committee  regret  that  of  this  speech  also  they  have 
no  report. 


334  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

Being  called  upon  by  the  President,  Capt.  Thomas  Swan 
made  interesting  general  remarks.  He  related  some  amusing 
anecdotes,  and  referring  to  the  peculiar  internal  nomencla- 
ture of  the  town,  told  how  his  own  neighborhood  came  to  be 
dubbed  with  the  euphonious  sobriquet  of  Blackguard.  He 
recalled  pleasing  incidents  and  reminiscences  of  the  fathers. 

The  Professional  Farmers — the  tnen  icho  dug  upon  our  rug- 
ged hillsides,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  society  in  Wa- 
terford.    Responded  to  by  Dr.  N.  T.  True,  of  Bethel. 

■  Mr.  President:  I  have  no  claim  on  your  attention  to-day.  I 
am  neither  a  native  of  your  goodly  town,  nor  have  I  ever  been 
a  resident,  but  as  a  visitor  and  a  traveler  I  have  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  everything  pertaining  to  its  history. 

Artemas  Ward,  who  you  know  was  born  within  ten  rods  of 
this  spot,  once  told  the  story  of  the  fellow  who  made  fun  of  his 
"  wax  figgers  "  while  on  exhibition  in  a  certain  town.  Artemas 
told  bini  he  knew  something  would  happen  to  him  for  his  im- 
pudence, and  surely  enough,  it  was  not  long  after  this  that  an 
old  aunt  willed  to  him  a  farm  up  in  Oxford  county.  Now  Ar- 
temas Ward,  though  a  native  of  this  town,  did  not  realize  how 
many  thrifty  farmers  there  are  within  its  borders. 

As  I  passed  through  a  portion  of  the  town  this  morning,  I 
was  delighted  with  the  green  fields,  waving  with  corn  and 
wheat,  and  the  neat  and  conveniently  arranged  dwellings,  sur- 
rounded with  fruitful  orchards,  I  was  instinctively  led  to  ask 
myself  how  this  could  be  brought  about  in  so  hard  and  rocky  a 
soil.  The  answer  came  as  instinctively  as  the  question.  It  is 
the  consequence  of  intelligent  agriculture.  No  ignorant  com- 
munity could  bring  about  such  a  result.  Your  farmers  are 
thinking  men,  and  consequently  intelligent  men.  They  are 
temperate  and  industrious  men.  Each  man  is  an  industrious 
man,  sitting  on  his  little  throne,  and  caring  for   nobody,   so  far 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  335 

as  relates  to  the  expression  of  his  own  opinions.  As  I  looked 
across  a  deep  valley,  to  a  distant  mountain  side,  I  could  see 
dotted  here  and  there  the  wliite  houses  gleiiming  in  the  sun, 
and  I  needed  nothing  more  to  tell  me  that  a  virtuous  and  happy 
people  are  living  there. 

But  why  this  state  of  things  in  contrast  with  so  many  other 
rural  spots  on  the  face  of  the  earth  ?  1  will  tell  you.  Your 
fathers  planted  a  church  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  school- 
houses  in  every  neighborhood.  I  have  visited  every  school  in 
your  town  and  have  been  struck  with  the  intelligence  of  your 
teachers,  and  the  earnest  devotion  of  your  children  to  their 
studies.  This  is  the  primal  cause  of  your  successful  agriculture. 
You  have  always  raised  up  strong  men  and  strong  women,  and 
less  than  most  towns,  you  have  been  but  little  affected  by  em- 
migration. 

I  sometimes  envy  those  towns  that  are  somewhat  seclud- 
ed from  the  great  highways  of  travel.  As  I  see  a  boy  in 
your  schools  plodding  away  at  his  books,  and  shut  out  from  the 
excitement  of  larger  towns,  I  am  sure  if  he  settles  down  in  his 
native  town  he  will  be  an  honorable  citizen,  or  if  his  ambition 
rouses  him  up  to  a  spirit  of  adventure,  he  will  be  sure  to  be- 
come no  ordinary  man.  His  early,  thoughtful  habits  have  most 
admirably  trained  him  for  a  position  of  superiority  over  his  fel- 
low men.  Such  has  always  been  the  history  of  your  town,  and 
this  solves  the  problem  of  the  beautiful  homes  dotted  over 
your  valleys  and  hillsides. 

Mr.  President,  I  thank  you  for  your  special  courtesy  and  I 
congratulate  you  on  the  success  of  your  Centennial  Celebration. 

The  American  Flag  the  only  thing  American  that  will  bear 
Striping.      Responded  to   by   Rev.  David  Garland   of 
Bethel. 
Mr.  President  and  Fellow-citizens  : 
That   Flag,   waving   majestically  in  the   breezes   over   our 


386  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

heads  is  an  American  production.  She  originated  in  American 
skill,  and  she  has  come  to  be  elevated  high  in  the  air  by  Amer- 
ican hands.  She  is  the  most  beautiful  and  noted  of  all  the  na- 
tional flags  under  the  whole  heavens.  Whenever  she  is  seen 
by  the  nations  of  any  clime,  they  are  reminded  of  the  fact  that 
she  is  a  guardian  spirit  watching  over  constitutional  liberty  es- 
tablished in  America,  Nearly  a  century  she  has  occupied  this 
place  of  high  trust.  At  certain  seasons  during  this  long  period, 
she  has  endured  great  trials.  Now  and  then,  she  has  fought 
nobly  for  her  honor,  and  struggled  heroically  and  deterrainately 
for  her  very  existence.  In  the  early  part  of  her  life  she  had  a 
dread  conflict  with  a  foreign  power.  It  came  against  her  with 
the  violence  of  the  foaming  waves  of  an  angry  sea;  yet  she  en- 
dured the  shock  of  battle  with  becoming  fortitude.  Many  of 
her  soldiers,  noble  men,  contending  for  her  life  and  fighting  for 
her  glory,  were  struck  down  by  grape  shot  and  cannon  balls, 
and  she  herself  was  terribly  lacerated  by  the  deadly  weapons 
of  her  enemy,  while  many  of  her  brave  soldiers  perished  in  that 
hostile  conflict  with  a  foreign  force.  She  herself  calmly  en- 
dured its  violent  stripings,  secured  a  joyful  victory,  became 
cured  of  all  her  grievous  wounds,  and  again  assumed  her  high 
position  as  the  guardian  spirit  of  constitutional  liberty.  Of  very 
recent  date,  she  has  had  a  most  fearful  conflict  for  her  life  with 
a  mightier  enemy.  Millions  all  of  a  sudden  rose  up  in  great 
fury  against  her,  and  sought  to  strike  her  out  of  existence. 
Those  millions  slie  had  for  many  years  watched  over  constantly 
and  perpetually,  with  all  the  tenderness  of  an  afiectionate 
mother,  and  had  ever  in  view  their  highest  interests.  This 
was  to  her  at  a  dreadful  cost.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of 
her  truest  friends  and  boldest  advocates  perished  in  the  storm. 
They  freely  ofiered  their  lives  in  sacrifice  that  she  might  survive 
the  conflict.  While  she  shed  tears  over  the  death  of  the  mul- 
titude, that  for  her  life  moved  forward  heart  to  heart  and 
shoulder  to  shoulder,  to  meet  the  violence  of  the  raging  tern- 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  337 

pest,  she  herself  endured  bravely  the  blows  that  fell  upon  her 
both  thick  and  fast.  Of  all  the  aids  (American)  employed  to 
resist  the  onslaught  of  the  angry  host,  she  only  bore  heroically 
and  undismayed  the  severe  stripiiigs  inflicted.  Very  ennobling 
was  to  her  the  rigid  discipline  experienced  in  that  one  of  the 
most  cruel  of  all  wars.  Thousands  in  breathless  surprise  watch- 
ed attentively  her  progress  while  in  the  fight ;  and  when  the 
violent  storm  had  become  changed  into  a  peaceful  quietus,  they 
with  shouting  cried,  glory  to  the  dear  old  flag.  Her  complete 
and  marked  victory  overall  her  awful  stripings  received,  greatly 
elevated  her  character  in  the  view  of  the  cloud  of  witnesses. 
And  by  reason  of  her  signal  triumph  over  her  deadly  foes,  for- 
eign nations  have  come  to  the  belief  that  all  adverse  forces  had 
better  be  cautious  how  they  make  a  rash  attempt  on  her  life. 
For  having  passed  safely  through  that  fiery  ordeal,  when  even 
to  her  view  the  bright  heavens  gathered  thick  darkness,  her 
renown  as  one  of  power,  has  become  greatly  inci'eased  among 
the  warriors  in  all  lands.  Though  generation  after  generation 
of  American  citizens  have  served  their  day  under  her  benign 
protection,  and  fulfilled  their  part  in  the  great  drama  of  life, 
and  passed  away  from  earth,  she  to-day  occupies  firmly  her 
true  position,  retaining  all  her  original  freshness  and  beauty, 
exhibiting  no  visible  signs  of  having  ever  received  severe  strip- 
ings from  her  many  foes.  As  she  for  nearly  a  century,  has  been 
regarded  by  all  nations  as  a  guardian  spirit  watching  over  con- 
stitutional liberty  established  in  America,  God  grant  that  she 
may  continue  to  retain  her  high  office  on  and  on  into  far  distant 
ages  in  the  future,  that  generations  yet  unborn  may  greatly  re- 
joice in  her  vigorous  life,  and  talk  freely  of  her  glory,  even 
though  at  periods  it  may  be  to  her  an  inevitable  necessity  to  re- 
ceive the  severe  stripings  of  bitter  enemies. 


338  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

Opening  a  wide  field  for  general  remarks,  and  interchange 
of  sentiments,  the  President  announced 

Our  Centennial^  and  called   upon  the  Chairman   of  the  Com- 
mittee to  answer. 

Friends^  Ladies  and  Gentlemen : 

It  was  said  by  one  of  old,  "last  of  all  by  me  also,  and  as  of 
one  born  out  of  due  time,"  so  I  am  permitted  to  pick  of  the 
crumbs  of  this  I'oyal  feast.  On  this  beautiful  birthday  of  au- 
tumn— of  mellow  autumn, — in  this  glorious  sunlight  all  nature 
clothed  in  her  "beautiful  garments,"  beneath  these  bending 
skies,  smiling  and  peaceful,  as  never  a  storm  had  ruffled 
their  azure  depths,  nor  rolling  thunders  vaulted  through  their 
sounding  caverns, — amid  all  these  happy  auguries,  we  celebrate 
the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  settlement  of  our  good  old 
mother  town.  For  her  children  her  old  heart  yearns  with  a 
fond  mother's  love,  and  to-day  she  lays  upon  them  all  the  hand 
of  blessing.  And  especially  you  who  come,  and  to-day  have 
drawn  the  old  latch-string,  has  she  bidden  with  her  warmest 
welcome.  We  did  not  ask  if  you  have  forgotten  the  old 
mother,  who  dandled  you  upon  her  knee.  We  know,  until  "the 
silver  cord  be  loosed,  and  the  pitcher  be  broken  at  the  fountain," 
till  expiring  nature  shall  fiiil,  the  touching,  tender  thought  of 
early  home  and  its  memories,  first,  last  and  midst,  out  of  your 
hearts  shall  never  die. 

Standing  here  hand  in  hand  to-day,  what  gush  of  memories 
are  welling  up  in  our  hearts;  and  there  come  to  us  thoughts 
too  big  for  utterance. 

Like  some  mellow  winds,  toying  with  the  chords  of  a  thou- 
sand stringed  harp,  come  back  to  us  the  memories  of  other 
days.  In  the  strong,  expressive  language  of  Israel's  shepherd 
king,  "We  spend  our  years  as  a  tale  that  is  told  ;"  and  ever  as 
songs  in  the  night  is  the  "  old,  old  story."     As   the   breath  of 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 


339 


summer  on  our  fevered  hearts,  from  the  happy,  loving  homes 
of  our  youth,  fixmiliar  voices  are  whispering  of  pleasant  spring- 
times, of  joyous  summers;  of  the  glad,  golden  harvests  of 
"long  ago."  They  come  to  us  in  the  sprightly  tones  of  laugh- 
ing childhood,  in  the  gleeful  shout  of  sportive  youth,  and  all 
along  the  vista  of  our  riper  manhood,  like  the  thrilling  numbers 
of  a  song,  comes  back  the  story  of  the  years. 

Gathered  here  to-day,  multitude  voices  are  telling  the  same 
"  old  story."  If  we  turn  to  the  lakelet  at  our  feet,  with  its 
bright  ri2:)pling  waters,  it  has  a  tale  of  joy  or  of  sorrow.  The 
mountain  at  our  right,  with  its  bold  craggy  cliffs,  it  too  has  a 
voice.  With  glad  presence  looking  on  to-day,  all  these  grand 
old  mountains  and  hills  have  words  to  us.  These  homes — all 
these  beautiful  homes — what  a  story  are  they  telling ;  and  in 
weird  tones  from  yonder  grave,  there  is  speech  that  no  tongue 
can  utter; — and,  friends,  when  we  shall  come  to  lie  down  with 
that  gathered  host,  our  years  too  will  be  "  as  a  tale  that  is  told," 
and  God  grant  that  it  may  be  worth  the  telling. 

Kind  friends,  you  came  at  our  bidding ;  we  have  given  you  the 
hand  of  a  joyous  welcome;  we  bid  you  go  with  blessings  richer 
than  earth  can  give ;  and  may  the  scenes  of  this  day,  with  its 
pleasant  reunions  and  happy  greetings,  pictured  in  this  glorious 
sunlight,  holding  in  loving  embrace,  hill,  mountain  and  valley, 
be  engraven  for  good  on  all  our  hearts.  God  grant  that  in  its 
happy  auspices,  it  may  be  but  the  bright  horoscope  of  other, 
and  better,  and  more  beautiful  days,  and  hearts  that  have  met 
to-day,  be  growing  to  that  deeper  and  more  exalted  commu- 
nion, which  shall  make  us  meet  for  a  better  and  a  brighter 
home,  and  go  with  us  down  the  centuries  in  a  more  glorious 
world  to  come. 


340  WATERFOKD  CENTENNTAL. 

Next  in  order,  or  rather  out  of  order,  Father  Douglass 
was  called,  and  venerable  in  his  eighty  third  year  said : 

Mr.  President  and  citizens  : 

I  rejoice  to  see  this  day,  and  to  meet  so  many  of  the  descend- 
ants of  those  noble  men  and  women,  who  came  into  the  wil- 
derness to  make  for  themselves  and  thdr  descendants  a  home, 
and  to  plant  here  christian  institutions  to  bless  their  posterity 
and  the  world. 

On  the  return  of  this  day,  at  the  end  of  the  next  one  hun- 
dred years,  we  shall  not  be  here,  but  may  God  grant  that  we 
may  meet  around  that  great  white  throne  in  heaven — to  cele- 
brate the  praises  of  redeeming  love  forever. 

Addresses  were  made  by  Dr.  Oren  Horr,  of  Lewiston,  and 
J.  M.  Shaw,  Esq.  The  next  speaker  announced  was  Dr. 
John  A.  Douglass,  of  Amesbury,  Mass.,  who  replied  : 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 

I  am  not  a  speech  maker  and  not  being  at  all  competent  to 
say  anything  that  would  do  justice  to  Waterford  or  its  people, 
I  will  with  the  permission  of  the  master  of  ceremonies — propose 
a  toast. 

There  is  one  class  among  those  who  live,  or  have  lived  in 
Waterford  that  should  not  be  forgotten  to-day,  and  that  I  at 
least  shall  never  cease  to  honor ;  a  class  that  has  had  no  small 
part  to  perform  in  making  Waterford  and  its  children  what 
they  are.  The  deeds  of  the /hiAers  of  Waterford,  have  been 
related, — the  hope  and  promise  of  the  young  men  have  been 
described — the  young  ladies  have  had  their  share  of  praise,  and 
now  remembering  some  who  will  be  seen  here  no  more,  as  well 
as  many  who  still  live  to  do  us  good,  I  propose  as  a  toast  : 

The  Old  Ladies  of  Waterford. 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  341 

Our  Next  Centennial.    Responded  to  through   the   orator  of 
the  day,  in  an  original  poem  by  Miss  Clara  M.  Douglass. 

A  hundred  years  to  come!  Alas! 
Like  sliadows  gliding  o'er  the  grass, 
That  leave  no  traces  as  they  pass. 

So  do  our  lives  go  by. 
When  next  the  day  returns,  for  all 
To  meet  and  mark  the  Century's  fall. 
We  shall  not  heed  the  gathering  call, 
We  shall  not  make  reply. 

The  eyes  that  smile  and  weep  to-day, 
The  lips  that  words  of  welcome  say, 
The  feet  that  walk  the  homeward  way, 

Shall  be  beneath  the  sod. 
Eyes,  lips  and  feet  of  welcome  guest. 
Or  happy  host,  shall  be  at  rest, 
Hands  folded  on  the  quiet  bi-east, 

The  spirit  gone  to  God. 

And  must  we  be  forgotten  ?  No  ! 

Streams  make  their  history  where  they  flow ; 

So  may  our  story  downward  go, 

A  hundred  years  to  come. 
If  but  our  lives  that  chord  shall  keep, 
Begun  by  those  who  lie  asleep. 
They  shall,  as  long,  in  tones  as  deep, 

Do  honor  to  our  home. 

The  Committee  Avere  kindly  remembered  in  a  vote  of 
thanks,  and  the  services  were  concluded  by  the  audience 
rising  and  singing  the  grand  old  Doxology,  "  Praise  God 
from  whom  all  blessings  flow."     And  thus,  with  one  of  God's 


342  WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL. 

most  beautiful  days,  was    closed    the    exercises    of  this  most 
memorable  occasion. 

Dust  returneth  to  its  dust,  but  deeds  never  die,  and  the 
generations  live  and  repeat  themselves  in  the  hearts  and  lives 
of  the  living.  The  years,  so  eventful  in  their  periods,  are 
ever  green  in  the  memory  of  men.  Like  music  over  tlie 
waters,  is  the  story  of  the  years  that  are  gone.  If  the  young 
dream  of  life  is  gorgeous,  the  vision  of  age  is  of  the  beautiful 
past. 

As  the  sun  declined  toward  the  western  mountain,  at  the 
close  of  these  recitals,  the  people  lingered  ;  as  if  bound  by 
some  pleasing  spell,  they  seemed  loth  to  go.  The  vision 
tarried ;  age  was  young  again.  To  the  awakened  memory 
the  springtimes  of  other  days  came  back,  and.  mingling  with 
the  mellow  autumn  winds,  was  the  breath  of  the  summers  of 
"  long  ago."  Strong  men  and  women  were  children  again, 
and  beneath  the  old  roof-tree  were  living  over  the  scenes  of 
earl}'  home.  From  the  old  play -ground  rang  out  the  merry 
shout  of  childhood  and  youth.  They  sat  once  more  beneath 
the  lintel,  upon  the  familiar  door-step,  and  recast  the  young 
dream  of  life.  Within  they  heard  the  voices  of  mother  and 
sister,  and  around  the  well-remembered  fireside  they  nestled 
in  the  old  home  love,  that  was  as  no  other  has  been. 

"My  heart,  sweet  home,  wliat  gladness  tills, 
And  pleasures  so  divine ; 
My  soul,  no  sound  of  music  thrills, 
As  home  that  once  was  mine." 

The  spell  must  be  broken,  yet  so  glad  was  the  hour,   as  if 
resting  on  the  scene  and  hallowing  it,  was  the  sweet  incense 
of  a  mother's  love,  and  a  sister's  tender  care,   and   mingling 


WATERFORD  CENTENNIAL.  343 

their  presence,  the  spirits   of  a  past  age  liovered  over  and 
rejoiced. 

In  review  of  the  occasion  that  mai'ks  the  closing  year  of 
the  centenary,  we  rejoice  that  in  all  its  parts  it  was  so  well 
sustained.  And  the  committee  would  again  express  their 
most  grateful  sense  of  obligation  to  all  who  contributed  to 
make  it  what  it  was.  All  propitious  powers  seemed  to  lend 
their  willing  agency.  The  provision  was  ample  and  hearty. 
The  old  homestead  bustled  with  new  life  and  activity.  The 
great  household  was  all  astir  in  earnest  preparation.  The 
guest-chambers  were  swept  and  garnished.  The  fatlings 
were  killed,  and  with  full  larders  the  feast  was  made  ready. 
The  weather  was  fine — from  benignant  skies  the  sun  looked 
down  in  his  glory.  The  elements  at  rest,  seemed  in  abeyance. 
All  nature  put  on  her  gala  robes,  and  kept  holiday.  The 
scene  was  grand  and  inspiring.  The  fields,  all  teeming  with 
their  burden  of  yellow  grain,  and  the  ripening  harvest  were 
smiling  with  plenty,  and  from  hill  and  valley  there  seemed 
voices  of  welcome — the  whole  landscape  was  glad  with  invi- 
tation. 

In  honor  of  the  old  mother  there  was  no  stint.  Nature 
and  art  were  laid  under  contribution.  For  her  adornment 
and  crown  of  rejoicing,  the  gardens  and  the  meadows  sent 
garlands  of  choicest  flowers.  From  the  mountain  dells 
came  gems  of  emerald  green.  Even  the  old  forests,  so  grand 
upon  the  hillsides  and  in  the  valleys,  in  honor  sent  whole 
battalions  of  their  most  graceful  saplings.  From  grand 
mothers'  boudoir  and  gaiTet  came  antiquities  and  relics,  the 
priceless  keepsakes  of  a  ruder  age,  when  solid  comfort  had 
not  given  place  to  luxurious  fashion.     Above  all,  from  happv 


344  WATERFOED  CENTENNIAL. 

homes,  the  people,  all  abounding  with  that  hospitality  and 
cheer  that  can  gladden  any  occasion,  brought  themselves  ; — all 
contributing,  with  the  excellent  speaking  and  music,  to  make 
glad  this  day  of  rehearsals,  and  for  itself  a  bright  and  beau- 
tiful memory. 


APPENDIX. 


It  seems  fitting  that  one  who  has  passed  away  during  the 
preparation  of  this  history,  who  has  been  a  central  figure, 
during  most  of  the  years  it  covers,  and  whose  memory  is  so 
embahned  in  the  hearts  of  all  this  people,  should  have  more 
than  a  passing  notice.  We  regret  that  we  are  not  able  to 
give  an  excellent  likeness  of  Father  Douglass,  now  in  posses- 
sion of  the  family.  In  its  place,  we  offer  the  reader  a  no 
less  true  delineation,  in  a  paper  written  by  Rev.  Dr.  Warren 
of  Gorham,  and  read  at  his  funeral  as  part  of  the  memorial 
service. 


23 


APPENDIX.  347 


REV.  JOHN  ABBOTT  DOUGLASS. 
Pastor  of  the  First  Church  in  Waterford fifty-six  years. 


BY    REV.    WM.    WARREN",    D.D. 


After  the  first  ten  years  of  Mr.  Douglass'  ministry  in  Wa- 
terford, he  ceased  to  be  my  pastor.  I  left  the  town  perma- 
nently, and  have  known  him  since  only  as  I  have  revisited  the 
place,  and  met  him  at  his  home  and  on  public  occasions.  Con- 
sequently, my  particular  acquaintance  with  him  is  less  than  that 
of  most  of  you,  who  have  known  him  through  life  as  a  friend 
and  pastor. 

And  yet,  I  ask  the  favor  to  say  some  things  at  his  burial, 
which  have  been  impressed  upon  my  mind  as  true  and  just.  I 
wish  to  say  them  in  the  way  of  showing  my  interest  in  him,  and 
my  sympathy  for  his  family  and  his  people. 

Mk.  Douglass  was  a  man  of  marked  indimduality ;  I  mean, 
there  was  great  distinctness  of  character  in  him.  He  was  alto- 
gether himself,  and  no  one  else.  He  did  not  take  on  charac- 
ter, nor  take  in  influences  as  readily  as  most  persons  do.  He 
was  not  easily  moved  and  molded  by  outside  impressions.  He 
was  a  man  of  true,  natural  independence  of  character,  respect- 
ful to  all,  and  se{/'-respectful  also.  He  was  always  himself 
solely,  and  never  sought  to  be  another,  or  any  other  than  him- 


348  APPENDIX, 

self.  This  was  not  from  self-conceit,  but  from  the  force  of  his 
own  firm  nature.  He  was  always  (though  modestly),  true  to 
himself,  to  his  own  convictions  and  principles.  These  he  did 
not  try  to  conceal,  nor  to  force  upon  others.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  caution,  and  of  true  and  safe  conservatism.  These  per- 
tained to  his  v)ords,  as  well  as  to  his  acts.  His  thoughts  always 
fore-run  his  words.  He  did  not  speak,  and  then  think ;  but 
he  thought  and  then  spoke,  or  was  silent,  as  he  chose.  He 
often  did  more  by  silence  than  by  utterance,  by  not  doing  than 
by  doing.  A  wise  forecast  with  calm  self-control  did  much  for 
him,  and  through  him  for  others.  It  made  him  conqueror,  where 
some  may  have  thought  him  cowardly.  He  seldom  had  to  re- 
trace his  steps,  or  take  back  his  words.  This  gradually  gave 
him  an  acknowledged  influence  and  power  in  society.  His 
marked  individuality,  his  independence  of  mind  and  manhood 
constituted  him  a  sort  of  authority  in  the  place.  He  was  all 
this  without  being  arbitrary  or  domineering.  A  prudence  per- 
vaded him,  a  modesty  veiled  him.  It  is  seldom  that  one  has 
such  acknowledged  influence  and  decided  qualities  of  character, 
and  yet  bears  them  so  modestly  and  naturally.  He  copied  no 
one;  he  had  no  need  to.  He  respected  the  thoughts  of  others, 
and  weighed  them,  but  it  was  his  nature  to  think  for  himself, 
and  to  act  independently. 

He  had  natural  ingenuity,  that  was  apt  at  various  devices ; 
so  that  if  all  conveniences  and  arts  of  human  life  were  suddenly 
lost,  he  was  the  one  who  would  sufier  least  by  the  loss,  as  hav- 
ing an  inventive  skill  of  his  own,  by  which  he  could  extempo- 
rize life  and  its  conveniences,  and  gradually  replace  the  loss. 

He  was  less  dependent  on  books  than  most  men  ;  for  he  was 
not  an  echo  of  others.  And  yet  he  did  not  despise  others,  nor 
their  opinions,  though  he  might  not  assent  to  them.  He  was  a 
candid  judge ;  he  was  a  candid  critic;  he  was  a  candid  listener. 


APPENDIX.  349 

He  chose  to  listen,  rather  than  to  lead  in  conversation.  He  was 
the  freest  of  almost  any  man  I  ever  knew,  fi"oni  the  coarse  hab- 
it of  monopolizing  conversation  ;  and  the  kindred  one  of  talk- 
ing of  one's  self  offensively,  or  of  one's  affairs  and  family.  He 
was  slow  to  obtrude  his  opinions;  he  never  needlessly  made  a 
show  of  knowledge.  He  was  not  ambitious  of  distinction  or  of 
place,  but  held  the  even  tenor  of  his  way,  calm  in  his  own  in- 
dividuality, his  unconscious  influence  and  attainments  unto  the 
end  of  life. 

It  would  follow  that  such  a  man  would  have  stahiliti/  and 
xiniformity  of  character.  It  was  so  Avith  Mr.  Douglass.  You 
always  knew  where  to  find  him.  System  was  not  a  second,  but 
2i first  nature  with  him.  You  saw  it  in  his  planning,  not  less 
than  in  the  execution.  Method  characterized  him  ;  method  in 
sermonizing,  method  in  everything.  Though  he  had  great  ver- 
satility of  mind,  he  was  remarkably  free  from  fluctuations  of 
mind.  In  the  conflict  of  opinions,  and  under  transverse  winds 
of  doctrine,  you  knew  where  to  find  Mr.  Douglass.  Consist- 
ency not  less  than  system,  characterized  him.  It  was  difficult 
to  detect  anything  extemporaneous  in  his  ways  or  mental  work- 
ings, anything  irrelevant,  or  loose,  or  hap-hazard  in  him,  either 
as  a  minister  or  as  a  man.  He  did  things  in  his  own  way,  and 
always  did  them  in  about  the  smne  way  (as  one  has  to  do  who 
acts  in  the  best  way,  and  who  sees  through  things  intuitively.) 
He  wrote  his  sermons  in  his  own  uniform  style — a  neat,  chaste 
and  thoughtful  style — imitating  no  one,  borrowing  from  no  one. 
His  theological  views  were  the  average  views  of  good  thinkers 
and  safe  biblical  scholars.  If  seldom  brilliant  in  his  utterances, 
he  was  always  safe,  accurate  and  thoughtful  in  his  discourses 
and  conversation.  If  there  was  much  uniformity  in  the  struct- 
ure and  treatment  of  his  sermons,  it  was  because  it  was  impos- 
sible that  he  should  be  inconsistent  with  himself,  and  with  his 


350  APPENDIX. 

own  ideals  which  gave  his  ministry  a  uniform  and  conservative 

cast. 

It  would  be  expected  that  such  a  man  would  come  in  prog- 
ress of  time  to  possess  a  rounded  character^  having  compact- 
ness, symmetry  and  completeness.  If  dazzling  in  no  one  par- 
ticular, his  life  and  ministry  here  have  been  a  steady  and  health- 
ful light.  He  stood  forth  in  the  public  view  not  to  dazzle,  but 
as  an  epistle  known  and  read  of  men.  In  how  many  respects 
has  he  been  your  exemplar  and  guide  ?  During  this  full  half 
century,  he  has  been  calmly  and  silently  putting  his  real  im- 
press upon  us  ;  while  we  may  not  have  felt  the  molding  hand. 
This  town  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Douglass  and  his  lamented  wife, 
in  more  ways  than  you  are  aware  of.  It  was  never  their  ambi- 
tion to  lead,  or  to  seem  to  lead ;  they  never  attempted  to  say 
or  do  startling  things,  yet  there  was  a  silent  impression  and 
molding  that  came  from  their  unfelt  hand,  which  will  never  be 
obliterated. 

If  Mr.  Douglass  said  less  to  you  in  private  than  you  might 
have  expected,  or  than  others  may  have  said,  yet  his  very  si- 
lence had  a  voice;  there  was  an  utterance  in  his  whole  influ- 
ence ;  there  was  a  power  of  steadfastness  and  of  example  in  him 
which  outweighs  words  in  worth.  If  winds  of  controversy  shook 
the  place,  the  eye  naturally  turned  on  him.  His  steadfastness 
was  a  talisman  more  assuring  than  argument.  It  was  argu- 
ment. 

But  better  than  all,  Mr.  Douglass  was  a  safe  leader  in  relig- 
ious things.  He  was  no  extremist.  You  did  not  have  to  hear 
him  preach  very  long  before  you  felt  that  he  believed  the  Bible 
to  be  true,  and  that  he  believed  that  Jesus  Christ  was  the  only 
Saviour  of  the  world.  He  never  tired  in  his  preaching  of  the 
atonement  of  Christ.^  his  sacrificial  offering  on  the  cross  for  sin, 
for  our  sins,  and  the  sins  of  the  world.     He  hung  the  hope  of 


APPENDIX.  351 

the  world  on  the  cross.  He  saw  every  doctrine  of  religion  cen- 
ter in  the  cross.  He  made  religion  to  consist  in  a  hearty  and 
practical  belief  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  as  the  Redeemer  of  the 
world.  He  inculcated  morality  in  every  form,  but  would  have 
it  an  evangelical  morality,  to  be  worth  anything  in  salvation. 
So  his  ministry  was  truly  a  gospel  ministry,  not  a  sensational 
one,  not  a  startling  one ;  but  on  the  whole  a  useful  and  success- 
ful one.  Several  revivals  of  religion  marked  its  progress  ;  one 
in  1822;  a  more  powerful  one  in  1831 ;  another  of  less  power 
in  1840  ;  another  of  larger  extent  in  1857  ;  and  still  another  in 
connection  with  the  labors  of  his  colleague,  Rev.  Mr.  Smith,  in 
1876. 

Upon  the  whole,  it  is  a  remarkable  man  in  many  respects, 
that  has  left  you;  a  man  of  sharply  delineated  character,  of 
truest  manhood,  of  unshaken  principle ;  gifted  with  great  dis- 
cernment and  sagacity,  having  insight  by  nature  into  the  rela- 
tion and  fitness  of  things ;  of  the  thoroughest  common  sense, 
accurate  in  judgment,  unambitious  (he  delighted  to  have  others 
benefit  his  people),  unostentatious,  with  rare  contentment  in 
his  position,  without  covetousness  or  the  whisperings  of  re- 
proach ;  such  a  one  has  passed  from  among  you  to  the  heavenly 
home,  where  many  loved  ones  awaited  him,  and  the  Saviour, 
we  doubt  not,  has  welcomed  him. 

It  is  rare  that  one  passes  away  from  earth  so  full  of  years,  and 
with  all  the  conditions  of  life  so  fully  met.  He  had  crowned 
the  half  century  of  his  ministry  in  the  same  place.  How  few 
there  are  in  this  age  who  do  this!  It  has  been  a  peaceful  and 
pleasant  ministry,  quite  free  from  agitation  and  hurtful  contro- 
versy. 

And  then,  he  never  lost  the  affection  and  confidence  of  his 
people,  nor  they  his.  He  loved  them  and  they  loved  him  unto 
the  end. 


352  APPENDIX. 

Another  condition  was  most  happily  realized  in  his  compan- 
ion, Mrs.  Lucy  Abbott  Douglass;  who  shared  his  labors  and 
trials  a  full  half  century.  Few  have  done  as  much,  and 
done  it  so  well,  as  she.  Indeed,  very  few  xoere  so  much,  and 
yet  so  free  from  faults,  as  she.  Rarely  have  ever  so  many  ex- 
cellences met  in  one.  She  was  too  much  to  be  lost  to  either 
friendship  or  society.  Such  are  not  lost.  The  indebtedness 
of  this  town  to  her  example  in  the  one  respect  of  training  her 
family  is  more  than  can  be  estimated. 

Friends  of  my  earlier  and  later  manhood,  farewell !  Take 
these  poor  words  as  the  tribute  and  token  of  my  regard  for 
you,  which  I  would  leave  as  chaplets  upon  your  graves. 

Under  such  favoring  conditions  as  these  Mr.  Douglass  labor- 
ed on  until  the  responsibilities  of  his  work  had  become  heavy; 
he  then  chose  to  have  them  shared  by  another,  who  took  the 
place  of  colleague,  to  whom  he  became  as  a  father,  and  he  to 
him  as  a  son,  but  who  fell  prematurely  in  death.  And  there 
stands  over  him  as  he  lies  robed  in  death,  one  justly  dear  to 
him,  upon  whom  the  mantle  of  the  deceased  pastor  and  of  the 
deceased  colleague  has  fallen.  May  he  be  strengthened  in  this 
trying  hour,  now  that  his  tried  friend  and  counselor  has  gone 
to  bis  rest  and  crown. 


APPENDIX.  353 


The  following  poem  was  read  at  the  funeral : 
THE  PASTOR'S  FUNERAL. 


He  yet  speaketh. 


BY    EEV.   J.    E.    RAiS^KIN. 


The  Sabbath  bell,  to  him  so  sweet, 
The  bell  obeyed  so  many  a  year, 

Rings  out  again  our  ears  to  greet ; 
The  people  meet;  will  he  appear? 

Will  he  walk  up  the  wonted  aisle, 
His  thin  and  silv'ry  locks  behind, 

Radiant  with  that  paternal  smile. 

That  spoke  his  gentle,  tranquil  mind  ? 

Ah,  yes,  he  comes !  the  sweet  old  man, 
The  wise,  the  beautiful,  the  good; 

And  we  again  his  face  shall  scan, 

And  see  him  stand,  where  oft  he's  stood. 

He  comes  as  ne'er  he  came  before ; 

He  comes,  but  others  bear  him  on  ; 
He  comes  to  speak  to  us  once  more, 

Tho'  voice  and  eye  and  soul  are  gone. 

The  living  say  the  fitting  word. 
The  living  chant,  the  living  pray; 

But  yet  it  seems  that  we  have  heard 
The  dead  more  audibly  to-day. 


INDEXES 


INDEX  OF  SUBJECTS.  357 


INDEX    I. 


INDEX    OF    SUBJECTS. 

Address  Historical,  by  Henry  P.  Warren,  9-223. 

Addresses  Centennial:  A.  S.  Kimball,  318;  Rev.  William  Warren,  d.d., 

321;    Eev.  Cyrus  Hamlin,  d.d.,  326;    Eev.  Delano  Perry,  329;  Dr. 

TbomasH.  Gage,  329;  Albert  Barker,  .383;  Capt.  Thomas  Swan,  .334 

Dr.  N.  T.  True,  334;  Eev.  David  Garland,  335;  Samuel  Warren,  338 

Eev.  John  A.  Douglass,  340;  Dr.  Oren  Horr,  340;  James  M.  Shaw 

340 ;  Dr.  John  A.  Douglass,  340. 
Baptist  church  and  ministers,  93-6 ;  Baptists  in  Oxford  county,  145. 
Birth  of  first  boy  in  Waterford,  40,  255;  first  girl,  40,  265. 
Blacksmiths,  102,  109,  229,  235,  240,  268,  285. 

Boundary  between  Massachusetts  aud  New  Hampshire  settled,  13. 
Boundaries  of  Waterford,  65,  73. 
Brick  layer,  298 ;  brick  making,  46. 
Bucket  factoi-y,  109. 
Cabinet  making,  239,  269,  298. 
Canada  townships,  11. 
Canal  projected,  182. 
Carding  mill,  110,  264. 
Carpenters,  242,  245,  259,  279,  302. 
Carriage  building  aird  trimming,  109,  .305. 
Centennial  celebration:    town  action,  314-15;  proceedings,  313- 

344,  addresses,  see  that  title ;  poems,  see  that  title. 
Chaise,  the  first  in  Waterford,  256. 
Church,  the  first  organized,  82.     Of  diflferent  denominations,  see  their 

names. 
Clothier,  246,  264,  278. 
Cold  seasons,  36,  127. 
Congregational  churches  and    ministers,    80,   148,    152,   155;    Second 

church,  152. 


358  INDEX  OF   SUBJECTS. 

Cooperage,  47,  238,  281,  287,  295,  298. 

Douglass,  Rev.  John  A.,  Memorial  of,  347. 

Dwellings:    bark,  42;  log  houses,  .53,  72,  106;  first  frame  house,  51; 

dwellings  in  1802,  72 ;  other  references,  46,  50, 131. 
Embargo,  remonstrance  against,  124. 
Family,  the  first  in  Waterford,  257. 
Families,  Eecokd  of,  225-309. 
Flax,  109. 
Foundry,  109. 
Fulling  mill.  111. 

Habits  and  Customs,  Early,  45,  53,  131. 
Harness  maker,  305. 
Harvard  College  lot,  15. 
Henniker,  N.  H.,  see  Todds-toion. 
Hills  in  Waterford,  73. 
Hotels:  the  first  one,  106,  161;  others,  161. 
Hygienic  Institute,  163,  194. 
Incorporation  of  Waterford :    petition  for,  57-60 ;  petition  and  remon- 

ti-ance  as  to  boundaries,  60;  answer  to  remonstrance,  63.     Act  of,  65. 
Indian  names  of  places,  17. 
Land  grants  to  soldiers  of  1690,  12. 
Lawyers  of  and  from  Waterford,  130,  194,  197. 
Live  stock  in  Waterford,  see  Valuation. 
Local  description  of  Waterford,  73. 
Log  houses,  53,  72,  106. 
Lots:    owned  by  settlers,  with  number,  40-3,    47-9,  58;  owners  of  in 

1797,  69-72 ;  owned  by  non-residents,  114-15 
Lumber  trade,  21,  27,  115.     See  also  Pine  timber. 
Mail,  carried  by  dog,  2:3.     See  Postal  Facilities. 
Maine:    one  hundred  years  ago,  20;  successive  tiers  of  towns  settled? 

20-22,  134;  settlements  after  the  Revolution,  37;  separation  from 

Massachusetts,  140;  population,  see  Population. 
McWain,  the  first  settler  of  Waterford,  ;30-36. 
Meeting  houses:    location  of  in  controversy,  57,  84 ;  the  first  house, 

84-90;  others,  150-2. 
Meetings,  plantation,  .57;  town,  76. 

Memorial,  Rev.  J.  A.  Douglass,  by  Rev.  William  Warren,  d.d.,  347-:353. 
Merchants,  50,  106,  200,  228,  246,  259,  270,  286. 
Methodist  church  and  ministers,  93,  96-100. 
Military  training  of  early  N^w  England,  9. 
Militia,  119-123, 188.    See  also  Soldiers. 
Mills  and  mill-sites,  19,  51,  79,  108-112,  261,  277,  286,  303. 
Mill-wright,  242. 
Ministerial  lots  and  fund,  15,  149. 


INDEX  OF  SUBJECTS.  359 

Ministers :  early  visiting,  51 ;  settlement  of  the  first  minister,  80 ;  of 
the  several  denominations,  see  their  names. 

North-eastern  boundary  trouble,  18G. 

Oxford  county,  towns  when  settled  and  incorporated,  08 ;  population  of 
county  and  towns,  see  Population. 

Paper  money,  provincial,  11 ;  continental,  38. 

Physicians  of  and  from  Waterford,  129,  193,  196. 

Pine  timber,  21,  112-16. 

Plaster  mill,  109. 

Poem,  at  funeral  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Douglass,  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Rankin,  353. 

Poems,  Centennial:  by  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Gage,  329;  by  Clara  M.  Doug- 
lass, 341. 

PoUtical  record  of  Waterford,  136-42,  144,  208-17. 

Ponds  in  Waterford,  75. 

Population:  Maine,  in  1760,  20;  in  1764  and  1772,  29;  in  1775  to  1800, 
66;  in  1810  and  1820, 134;  in  decades  1830-1870,  218.  Oxford  county, 
in  1790  and  1800,  66-69;  in  1810  and  1820,  134-5;  in  decades  1830-1870, 
219.  Waterford,  in  1786,  1790,  and  1800,  69;  in  1810  and  1820, 135;  in 
decades  1830-1870,  219. 

Postal  facilities  and  routes,  23,  54-7, 117-119, 165.   See  also  Stage  Routes. 

Potash,  106. 

Religious  worship,  early,  51 ;  appropriation  for  in  1797,  79-80;  later,  see 
Churches  and  Ministers,  Meeting  houses,  and  Taxation. 

Representatives,  lists  of,  140,  216. 

Ripley,  Rev.  Lincoln,  the  first  minister,  80-2,  148. 

Roads,  early,  22-27;  the  "  Scoggiu  trail,"  42;  first  road  built  in  Water- 
ford, 48;  others,  48-50, 104-6,  165,  184,  256.    See  also  Stage  Routes. 

Rowley,  colony  from,  47-8. 

Schools:  early,  53;  votes  regarding  and  appropriation  for  in  1797,  79- 
80;  school  houses,  100;  school  lots  and  fund,  15,  186. 

Settlement  of  Waterford,  .30. 

Settlers:  McWain,  30;  of  1780  and  1781,  36;  of  1783,  41;  of  1785  and 
1786,  43;  from  Rowley,  47-8. 

Shingle  mill,  112. 

Shoemakers,  247,  251,  281. 

Soldiers :  of  1690,  11-13 ;  of  the  Revolution,  37 ;  of  the  war  of  1812,  125 ; 
of  the  North-eastern  boundary  dispute,  187 ;  of  the  war  of  1861,  202-7. 

Songo  river,  proper  name  of  Crooked  river,  76. 

Stage  Routes  and  Owners,  22,  55-7,  165-185. 

Steamer  Faimi,  174, 179. 

Stores,  trading:    the  first  one,  50,  106,  200 ;  others,  200. 

Surplus  Revenue,  186. 

Surveys  of  Waterford,  16-19. 

Tailors,  250,  324. 


360  INDEX  OF  SUBJECTS. 

Tanners,  109-10,  228,  243,  273. 

Taxation  for  religious  purposes,  and  its  discontinuance,  90,  145-9. 

Tax-payers,  list  of  in  1797,  69. 

Teachers  of  and  from  Waterford,  101,  157,  198,  240,  264,  283. 

Temperance,  85,  189,  191-3. 

Todds-town,  now  Henniker,  N.  H.,  13;  petition  of  grantees,  14;  answer 
to  petition,  15 ;  Waterford  granted  in  place  thereof,  1-5. 

Town  house,  149. 

Town  officers  of  Waterford,  and  political  record,  78-9,  136-40,  208-17. 

Towns:  granted  for  military  service,  11;  successive  tiers  settled  in 
Maine,  20-22,  27:  Canada  townships,  12;  in  Oxford  county,  68. 

Transportation:  saddle,  131;  moose-sled,  251;  "cars"  on  poles,  117; 
ox  sleds,  249 ;  puugs,  160 ;  first  chaise,  256 ;  coaches,  see  Stage  Routes. 

Universalist  church  and  ministers,  158. 

Valuation  and  live  stock,  of  Waterford,  in  1800,  72 ;  in  1810  and  1820, 
136;  in  decades  1830-1870,  219. 

War:  of  1690,  10;  of  the  Revolution,  37;  of  1812,  125;  of  the  North- 
eastern boundary  threatened,  186 ;  of  1861,  201-7. 

West  Indies,  trade  with,  21. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


INDEX    I  I 


INDEX  OF  SURNAMES. 

The  examiner  should  uote  that  a  particular  surname  may  occur  more  than  once  on 
a  given  page. 


Abbott, 1.54,  243,  2.5.3,  267,  307 

Adams 212,  258,  264, 269,  288,  308 

Adley, 203,  232 

Aiusworth, 241 

Alexander, 2.54 

Allen,  Family '227  ;  70,  203-5,   230, 
236,  240,  258,  270,  298 

Ames, 63 

Anderson, 211,  275 

Andrews, 110,  1.30,  241,  260 

Angle, 252 

Annis, 207 

Ansley, 256 

Autlioine, 299 

Applebee, 164,  180 

Appleton, 211 

Arnold, 250 

Atherton,  Family  227;  37,  43,  62,  69, 

78,  110,  111.  122,  126,  148,  158,  205, 

210,  228,  241,  245,  252,  2.57,  268, 

273-4,  277,  294,  301,  304-5 

24 


Ayer, no 

Babb, 257 

Backman 244 

Bailey,  Family  229;  109,  2.36,  261, 

264,  308 

Baker,  Family  229 ;  70,  78,  83,  101, 

148,  155,  213,  230,  248,  314,  325 

Ball, 93-4,  233,  297 

Ballard, 290 

Bancroft, 253; 

Bangs, 270,  300 

Barker,  Family  230;  19,  37,  41,  62^ 

70,  78-9,  81,  158,  198,  227-8,  231, 

234,  237,  258,  270-2,  274,  280,  293, 

305,  333 

Barnard,  43,  45-6,  55, 166,  247,  273, 

287 

Barnes, 244,  291 

Barrett, 239 

Barron, 264= 


362 


IXDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Barrows, Ill,  165 

Barstow, 301 

Bartlett, 195,  213,  258,  286 

Bates, 246 

Beal, 215 

Bean, 235 

Beard, 262 

Beatie, 232,  237,  248 

Beckler, 152 

Beedle, 172 

Beeman, 270 

Beemis, 115 

Bell, 111,305 

Bennett, 240 

Bent, 273 

BeounsoD, 212 

Bergen 308 

Berry, 281 

Bessy, 257 

Billings,  Family  231;  94,   126,   158, 

203,  232,   243,  253,  259,  268,  279, 

293,301,303 

Bisbee,  Family  232;  49,  58,  111,  126, 

158,  200,  205-6,  211-14,  233,  253, 
284,  300 

Blackington, 269 

Blaisdell, 268 

Blake, 184 

Blauchard, 204 

Bliss, 284 

Blodget, 231 

Bolster, 280 

Borden, 303 

Bostick, 303 

Boston, 227,  255 

Bos  well 201,  203,  278,282 

Bowers, 268-9 

Bowman, 261 

Brackelt, 232 

Bradbury, 193,  214,  260,  301 

Bradley, 24,  238 

Bridge, 295 

Briggs, 233,  246 

Brigham,  Family  233;  60,  64,  69,  91, 
126, 136, 195,  274 


Broad, 55 

Brooks, 139,  261,  304 

Brown,  Family  234;  17,  22,  24,  37, 
40-1,  43,  49,  53,  58,  62,  69,  70,  78, 
100-1,107,  110,  112,  114,  116,  126, 
136-9,  148-9;  158-9,  163,  186,  188, 
192,  199,  200,  203,  207-9,  210-17, 
225,  228,  230-1,  235-7,  246,  249^ 
250-2,  259,  267,  269,  271,  277,  2.81, 
283,  285,  290,  298,  304,  314,  325 

Browning, 256 

Bryant,  Family  237;  44,  148,   158, 
231,  236,  258-9,  279,  288 

Buck, 232 

Bumpus, 283 

Burbank, 24,  300 

Burches, 284 

Burgoyne, 37 

Burke, 273 

Burnell,  Family  237; 205,  238 

Burnham,  217,  250,  252,  261,  278,  301 

Burns, 244 

Butters, 204,  207 

Byram, 159 

Gaboon, 245 

Cailiff, 110 

Caldwell, 112,  238 

Campbell, 209 

Carlton,     Family    239;    152,     196, 
212-13,  264,  273,  309 

Carruth, 234 

Carter,   Family  238;  130,    197,  200, 
227-8,  248,  252 

Case, 64 

Casely, 300 

Caswell, 230-1,  307 

Chadbourne,  71,  110,  203,  207,  236, 

289 

Cbadwick 291 

Cbamberlain,  Family  239;  37,  43-4, 

50,  57,  00-2,  70,  76,   83,  85,  136-7, 

150,  214-15,  256,  276,  289 

Channing, 87 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


363 


Chaplin,  Family  240;  19,  37,  47,49, 

60,  G4,  70,  78,  S3,  94,  101-2,  124, 126, 

136-7, 150,  206,  209,  210,  212,  210, 

243,  2G3,  286,  324 

Chapman, 24,  243,  260 

Chase, 205,  260 

Cheever, 70 

Childs, 256 

Chubb, 237 

Church, 52,  82-3,  165 

Churchill, 229 

Chute, 71,  165 

Cilley,  Family  240; 241 

Clark, 231-2 

Cleaveland, 256 

Cobb, 108,  137, 159,  267 

Coburn, 214 

Cockrain, 249 

Coffin,  22-3,  51,  131,  157-8,  206,  248, 
281-2,  303 

Cole 205 

Colley, 295 

Combs, 273 

Conant, 62,  70,  260,  263 

Connor, 216 

Cony, 214 

Cook, 243,271 

Coolard, 229 

Coolidge,  Family  241 ;  94,  111,158, 
242,  255,  278,  281 

Cornwallis, 37 

Corser, 169,  239,  248 

Cotton, 278 

Cousins, 173-5,  177-9,  247 

Craumore, 242 

Crombie,  Family  242;  129,  228,  241, 

297 

Cromwell, 206 

Crosby, 212-13,  282 

Crosman, 257 

Cross,  Family  242;  70,  94,  115,  126, 

204,  271,  325 

Crowuinshield, 139 


Cummings,  Family  238;  31,  50,  57, 

60,  04,   70,  76-9,  82-,  109,  120,  126, 

129,  136,  216,  239,  248,  295-6 

Cutler, 249 

Cutting, 261 

Daggett, 229,  238 

Dana, 212-13,  308 

Daniels, 110 

Danley, 164,  205-6,  294 

Davenport,  Family  242 ;  60,  70,  206, 

240,  243,  269 

Davis,  Family  243;    175,  212,  258, 

262,  268,  273,  277,  282,  303 

Day, 269 

Dearborn, 139,  261 

Dela, 242 

Demming, 277 

Dennis, 308 

Dexter, 138-9 

Dillingham, 244 

Dingley, 215-16,  301 

Dinsmore, 231 

Dodge, 268 

Dorr, 274-5 

Douglass,  Family  243 ;  50,  52,  70, 82, 

106,  114-15,    129,   148,   153-4,  196, 

215-16,   244,  340-1,  345,  347,  349, 

350,  352 

Dow, 154 

Dresser, 205,  217,  263,  289 

Drew, 164 

Drinkwater, 93 

Dudley,  Family  244;  70,  91,  111,  164, 
205,  211,  245,  267,  287 

Duuham, 254,  292 

Dunlap, 210 

Dunmore, 261 

Dupee, 235 

Dustan,  Dustin, 205,  308 

Dyer, 242 

Earles, 245 

Eastman,  116,  194,  215,  246,  282,  296, 
299,  308 


364 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Eaton, 302 

Edgerly, Ill 

Edwards, 269,  293-4 

Ellingwood, 235 

Ellis, 235,  268 

Ellsworth,  Family  245 ; 158,  227 

Emerson,...  153,  171,  227,  255-6,  262 

Emei-y, 194 

Estes 258 

Etter, 204 

Evans, 217,  229,  248,  253 

Eveleth, 244 

Everett, 72,  253 

Fairbanks,  Family  245;    100,    155, 
229,  259,  281,  306 

Fairfield, 210-11 

Farley, 253,  288 

Farmer,  Family  307; 282,  287 

Farnsworth, 70,  287,  297 

Fairar,  Family  246;  107,    109,   124, 

138-9,  140,  163,  200,  209,  235,  24.5, 

248-9,  295,  309,  325 

Farrington, 25,  262-3,  282,  288 

Farwell,  130, 160 

Faulkner, 2.53 

Faunce, 194 

Fernald, 244 

Fessenden,..24,  52,  82-3,  193,  211-12 

Fiske, 201,  268,  302 

Fletcher,.  .70,  229,  249,  254,  259,  276 

Flint, 64,  233,  235,  258-9,  .300 

Fogg 70,  214,  273,  275,  303 

Follett, 286 

Folsom, 290 

Foote, 284 

Forbes, 159 

Ford, 211-12,  217,  254 

Forsythe, 295 

Foss, 241 

Foster, 232,  247,  295,  306 

Fowler, 265 

French, 193,  236-7,  243 

Friend, 175 

Frisbie, 109, 126 


Frost, 163,  217,  29 

Frye,  17,  24,   65,  76-8,  82,  217,  248, 

263-4,  284 

Fuller, 235 

Gage,  Family  246 ;  130, 152, 175,  193, 
196,  198-9,  209,  247,  298,  329 

Gale, 229 

Gamwell, 283 

Gardiner,  Gardner,  13-16, 30, 62,  281 

Garland, 320,  335 

Garner, 230 

Gates, 306 

Gay, 281 

Gerry,  Family  249;  96,  136-9,  159, 
164,  195,  198,  208-17,  249,  290,  315, 

325 

Gibson, 51,  62,  70,  110 

Gilbert, 285 

Gilson, 2.57,  306 

Goddard, 265,  291 

Goodenow, 194,  209-10,  280 

Goodrich, 260 

Goodwin, 138 

Gordon, 194,  269 

Gore 137-S 

Gorham 23 

Gossum, 291 

Gould,. .  ..155,  217,  231,  266,  286,  297 

Graham, 165 

Grant, 70,  200,  277 

Green,  Greene,  Family  247;  37, 
45-9,  00,  64,  70,  75,  78,  S3,  91,  121, 
138-9,  150-2,  157,  188,  194,  196-7, 
199,  201,  203,  206,  208-9,  213,  229, 
239,  248,  258-9,  264,  269,  284,  295- 
298-9,  305,  323 

Greenleaf, 101 

Greenwood, 239 

Grover 24,  230,  2JS,  266,  286,  308 

Guerney, 267 

Gurley, 159 

Haines, 71, 206,  213-14 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


365 


Hale,  Family  249 ;  37,  60.  62,  70,  78, 

90,  96,  98,  110,   126,    158,  164,  169, 

188,    200,     209,    234-6,    238,    248, 

250-1,   258-9,   260,  291,   295,   308, 

315,  317,  324 

Hall, 71,257-8,291 

Hamlin,  Family  251 ;  37,  41-2,  60-2, 
64,69,  70-1,  76-8,  80-1,  90,  102, 
109,  113,  124,  131,  136-7,  140,  156, 
158,  196,  200,  205,  208,  212-13,  216, 
228,  232,  235-8,  241,  252-3,  256,  268, 
278,  280,  285,  292,  302,  304,  308, 
325-6 

Hammond, 62,  70 

Handy, 273 

Hapgood,   Family  253;  40,  78,   81, 

85,  108,   110,   121-2,  126,   158,  186, 

200,  203,  209,   210-12,  214-17,  237, 

254-5,  272,  276-7,  290,  305 

Harding, 241,  253 

Harlow, 206 

Harmon, 244 

Harnden, 254 

Harriman, 282 

Harrington, 257 

Harris, 301-2 

Hartford, 189 

Hartshorn, 257,  308 

Haskell,   Family   255;    94,   96,   110, 

126,187,   195-6,  206,  234,241,258, 

263,  281,  291,  293 

Haskius,  Family  255 ;  157,  200,  239, 

251,  256 

Hastings, 122,  263 

Hathaway, 129,  137,  238 

Hawes, 297 

Hawkins, 159 

Hay,  Family  256 ; 129,  130,  257 

Hayes 52, 307 

Hay  ward, 287 

Hazelton,  Heselton, 217,  307-8 

Heald, 122,  216,  257-8 

Heath, , 204 

Henrys, 259 

Hersey, 126,  214-15,  265,  289 


Heselton,  see  Hazelton. 

Hich  born, 215 

Hidden,   52,  82-3 

Hill, 122,  217,  308 

Hilton, 72,  229,  231,  233,  308 

Hinkley, 303 

Hinman 206,  227 

Hobbs,  158,   195,  217,  235,  257,  268, 

304 

Hobson,  Family  257 ; 47-8,  293 

Hodges,   256 

Hodsdon, 240 

Holden, 267,  290-1,  295 

Holland, 62,  209 

Holman, 276 

Holmes, 213,  263,  300 

Holt,  64,   126,   212,     214,    227,   239, 
247-8,  250,  269,  273,  283,  297,  305 

Hopkins, 304 

Hor,  Horr,  Family  257 ;  42-3,  60,  64, 

70-1,  150,   196-7,   199,   203-4,  227, 

243,    248,    258,    265,   270,    279-80, 

301-2,  306,  324,  340 

Hosmer, 216 

Houghton,  Family  2.58;  37,  60,  70, 
72,  94-5,  98,  125,  137,  148,  158, 
163-4,  188,  193,  206,  209,  210-12, 
217,  232,  237,  241,  249,  259-60,  263, 
266,  280,  285,  298,  301,  306,  314,  324 

Housen, 273 

Howard,  214,  254,  258,  264, 276-7,  288 

Howarth, 244 

Howe,  Family  260;  72,  118,  148,  171, 
195,  209,  250-1,  272,  274,  289 

Howell, 270 

Hoyt, 290 

Hubbard, 209,  210,  212,  271 

Hunkins, 193 

Hunnewell, 229 

Hunton, 209 

Huse, 270 

Hutchins, 174 

Hutchinson, 14,  268,  282 

Hsley, 211,  238 


366 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Ingalls, 24,  128 

Irish, 231,  284 

Jacksou, 156,  185,  236,  253 

Jacobs, 241,  259 

Jameson, 214 

Jefferds, 244 

Jenness, 249 

Jewell,  Family  260;  36-7,  51,  70,  79, 

101,    108-9,     126,    148,    158,    186, 

2U9-10,  261,  271,  274,  292-3,  303 

Jewett,  Family  262;  47,  59,  60,  64, 

70-2,  78,  83,  91,  94-6,  1U2,  105,  111, 

121,  139,   150,    152,    164,   201,   204, 

215,  248,  259,  26o-4,  266,  279,  302, 

314,  323 

Jodonn, 275 

Johnson,  Family  264;  37,  40,  43,  49, 

02,  71,  78.  130,  216,  257,  265,  290 

Jones,   Family  205;    121,   126,   233, 

257-8,  287,  293 

Jordan,  70.  158,  204,  206,  229,  283, 

286,  294 

Joselyn, 248 

Keene, 308 

Kellogg, 297 

Kemp, 266 

Kendall,  J 62.  70 

Keudiick, 283 

Kennard, 273 

Kenney, 294 

Kennison, .252 

Kent, 210-11 

Ketclium, 264 

Keyes, 125,  252 

Kezar, 75 

Kilborn,  Kilborne,  Families  265  and 

266;  48,  70,  126,  150,  152,  188,  2li6, 
242,247,  281,289,  298 
Kilgoie,  Family  266  and  307;  71,  78 

126,  1U7,  205,245,  251,  267,  272,  308 
Kimball,  Family  2G8;  26,32,  37,  48, 

70,  72,  94-5,  107,  120,  126,  158,  163, 

171,  175,   177,   182,   193,   195,  204, 


214-17,  228,   230-2,   236,  238,243, 

248,  251,  261,   267,  269,'  270,  273-4, 

279, 285,  300,  303-4,  316-18 

King, 139,200 

Kingman,  Family  269;  60,  62,70-1, 
78,  129,  197,  231,  256,  270,  280,  305 

Kitson, 229 

Kneeland, 71,  174,  203,  253,  302 

Knight,   Family  270;  111,   116,  156, 

200,  203,  215,  217,  232,  269,  278-9, 

282-3,  293,  299,  300 

Knowltou, 232 

Knox, 230 

Ky  te, 155 

Lamson, 298 

Lane, 210,247 

Lang, 295 

Langley, 301 

Lary,   300 

Lawrence, 156,  264 

Learned, 72 

Leavitt, 266 

Lebroke, Ill 

Lervey, 284 

Libby,  Libbey,  155,  206,  270,  299,  306 

Lilly, 306 

Lincoln, 129,  138,  209,  243,  249 

Little, 52,  262 

Littlefield, 258-9 

Locke, Ill 

Lombard, 252 

Long, 232,  252 

Ijongt'ellow, 326 

Longley,  Family  270;  35,  37,  48,  50, 
52,  57,  62,  71,  79,  80,  106-9,  111, 
117,  120,  122,  126,  136,  138,  158, 
161,  163,  165,  200,  203,  210-11,  234, 
242,  260-1,  271-3,  285,  299,  301,  325 

Lord 205,267 

Loren, .256 

Lovell, 253 

Lovejoy.  213,  217,  230,  235,  280,  299, 

304 
Lovewell, 24,  75 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


567 


Lowe, 300 

Lowell 304 

Lufkiu, 296 

Lunt, 241 

Lyucb, 112 

Lynde, 237 

Mack, 303 

Magqxiier, 243 

Mallard,.., 308 

Maloy, 238 

Manchester, 266 

Mann, 262 

Manning, 262 

Manson, 69 

Marrett, 52,  82 

Marston, 282 

Martin,  Martyn, 282,  306 

Mason, 249,  259,  270 

Maxfield,   1Q4,  173-6,  179,   180,  213, 

301 

Maxwell, 285 

Maybury, 277-8,  302 

Maynard, 14,  244 

McAlister, 217,  237 

McDonald, 278 

McEllory, 294 

McElvaine, 286 

McElwain,  same  as  McWain, ...   62 

Mclntire, 212,  215-16 

McKay, 264 

McKeeu, 205,  283 

McKenney,  McKinney,  159,  268,  308 

McKnight, 267 

McPhail, 260 

McWain,  Family  272 ;  30-6, 41,  62,  67, 

71-2,    84,  90,    110,   136,   165,   254, 

270-1,  308, 

Mead,  243,  271 

Merrill,  158.  207,  235,  241,  263,  292, 
294,  300,  302,  306 

Meserve, 235 

Metell, .231 

Miles, 238 

Miller, 109,  267 


Millett 193,  200,  232,  273,  284 

Milliken, 205 

Mills, 2.34,262 

Mitchell, 300 

Moffits, 94 

Monroe,   Munroe,   Family  273;  24, 

51,  71,  109-11,  122,  138-9,  159,  203, 

209,  211-14,  217,  228,  239,  269,  290, 

315,  325 

Montcalm, 24 

Moody, 139,  254 

Moore,    Family  273;  228,   231,   233, 
237,  274,  276,  292 

Morrill, 213 

Morse,  Family  274;  37,  110,  163^  200, 

209,  211,  234,  244-5,  261,   268,  273, 

275,  278,  292,  305 

Morton, 245 

Mosher,  71,  104-5,  150,  165,  257,  262, 

266 

Motley, 266 

Moulton,  Family  275;  71,  240,298, 

305 

Muffitt, 126 

Murray, 159 

Nay, 2.58 

Nelson,  Family  275;  200,  211 

Nevers, 216,  303,  306 

Newbegin, 265 

Newell, 155 

Newton, 249 

Niles, 185 

Noble, 200,  214-15,  291,305 

Norcross, 245 

Nourse,  Nurse,  Family  276;  49,  62, 

71,   78,  81,  83-4,   1.52,   235-6,  254, 

259,  277,  282,  300 

Noyes, 263 

Nutter, 174 

Nutting, 304 

Osbourne, 271 

Osgood, 24,  112,  155,  194 

Owen, 268 


368 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Packard, 250,  263 

Page,  Family  277;  94,  126,   200,  204, 
206,  278 

Paine,  Payne, 166,  258,  283 

Park, 251-2 

Parker, 203,253,  264,282 

Parkhurst, 251,  294 

Parks, 210 

Parris, 208-9,213 

Parsons, 256-7 

Partridge, 299 

Pattee, 216,244,294 

Paugus  (Indian) 75 

Peables,  Peebles, 194,  217 

Peabody, 82,  265,300 

Peck, 256,261 

Perham, 215 

Perkins,  Family  278;.  ..Ill,  158,  205 

Perley,.70,  115-16,  128,  174,  249,  297 

Perry,   Family  278;    110,  211,  227, 

245,  253,  329 

Pettengill, 266 

Petty,  Pettee, 112,  267 

Phillebrown, 209 

Phillip, l;^« 

Phiuney, 227-8 

Phips, 10-12 

Pierce, 63,  115,  174 

Pike,  Family  278;  71,  194,  279,   291, 
301-2,  305-6 

Pillsbury, 213-15 

Pingree, 217,  275 

Piper, 302 

Plaisted, 305 

plummer.  Family  279 ;  42,  47-8,  58, 
60,  64,  70-1,  78,  83-4,  91,  94,  100, 
104,  107,  136-9,  153,  164,  169, 
203-5.  208-9,  210-14,  230-1,  236-7, 
242,  257-8,  260,  262,  269,  270,  280, 
285,  287-9,  294,   297,  299,  302,  314, 

324 

Pollard 122,235,201 

Pond, 214 

Poole, 204 

Poor, 291,293 


Porter,  58,  84,  107,  130,  200,  246,  292 

Potter, 243,257 

Powers, 265 

Pratt,  Family  281 ; 138,  241 

Prentiss, 103 

Prescott, 9,  163,  194 

Preston, 238 

Pride,  Family  281 ;  71,  99,  110,  126, 
210,'  234,  245 

Priest 233 

Prince, 242,  246,  305 

Proctor,  Family  281 ;  38,  43,  85,  112, 
126,  206,  282-3,  293-4,  307,  324 

Puffer, 276 

Purinton, 70 

Putnam, 9 

Quimby, 159 

Ramsdell, 64,  71 

Rand,  201,  204,  214-17,  2.50,  260,  263, 
280,  284,  314 

Randall, 288 

Rankin, 353 

Ray, 207,  262 

Raymond, 268 

Reed, 213,243 

Rice,  Family  283;  14,   38,   4-3-4,  48, 

71, 80,  83,  101-2,  136-9,  140,  142, 
165-6,  180,  208,  277,  284,  325 

Rich, 238,  253 

Richards, 259,  306 

Richardson, 237-8,  250,  278,  303 

Rideout, 264 

Eiggs, 258,265 

Ripley,  Family  284;  15,  80-4,  93,  95, 

98,  120,  145-8, 152-3,  157,  187,  256, 

285 

Robbins,  Family  285;  41,  62,  71,91, 

120,  136-7,  253,  259,  271,  305 

Roberts, 21.5-16,  267,  328 

Robie, 52,  82-3 

Robinson,  110,  153,  197-8,  200,  203, 
211-14,  285 

Rodgers,  Rogei-s, 211 ,  277,  289 

Rollins, 301 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


369 


Ross, 230 

Rounds,  Family  285;  159,  160,  199, 
237,  286 

Rowe 280 

Russell,  Family  286;  18,  59,  111,  165, 
203,  249,  303 

Sampson,  Family  286;  41,  50,  59,  60, 

64,  71,  78,  232,  287,   294,   296,  299, 

300,  302,  307 

Sanborn, 262,  270 

Sanders,    Saunders,     Family    288; 

47-8,  59,  60,  64,  71,  83,  94,101,  210, 

213,  239,  240,  266,   289,  292,  297-8. 

306,  324 

Sanderson,  Family  287;  38,  52,62, 

71,  83,   97,    99,    110-11,   146,    198, 

210,  212-14,  217,  237,  255,  263,  272, 

295,  302 

Sargent, 246,  264,  284 

Savage, 254,  307 

Sawin,   Family  289;    94,    111,    150, 

164,  169,  172,  210,  212-13,  215,  237, 

249,  254,  265,  290,  324 

Sawyer,  108,  158,  217,  261,  271,  273, 

276,  303 

Say  ward, 171 

Scott, 188,242 

Scribner,. 173,  300 

Scripture, 235,  268 

Seavey, 203,  206-7,  257,  291 

Segar, 22,  25 

Shackley 250 

Shattuck, 71,  159,  163, 194 

Shaw,   Family  291 ;  71,   78,  96,  98, 

136-7,  144,   146,  169,   190,  211-14, 

216,  227,  234,  250,  273,  278-9,  296, 

305,  340 

Shedd, 215,  282 

Sbee, 64 

Shepherd, 267 

Sherburne, 155 

Shurtleflf, 229,  230 

Silla, 228,  275 

Simkius, 82 

25 


Simpson, 215 

Sinclair, 71 

Skillings 234,  308 

Skinner, 261 

Small, 294 

Smart, 214 

Smith,  62,  72,  78,  94,  109,   118,  120, 

126,  137,  155, 172,  204,  209-10,  213, 

215,  233,  254,   256,   275,  289,   314, 

319,  351 

Sprague, 210,  291 

Spi'ing, 215 

Spurr, 261,  271 

Stan  wood,   69,  70-1,   KO,   109,  159, 
163,  274 

Stark 9 

Steadman, 284 

Stearns, 70,  235 

Stephens,  Stevens,  Family  291 ;  19, 

62,  159,  204-6,  228-9,  230,  234,  257, 

296,  308 

Stewart, 243,  254,  308 

Stickney, 262-3,  288 

Stiles, 230-1 

Stone,  Family  292;  -38,  49,  62,  72,  78, 
81,  83,  101, 105,  136-9,  152,  155, 165, 
188,  197,  205-6,  208-9,  210,  228, 
231,  236,  250-1,  253,  255,  257,  261, 
268-9,  275-6,  278-9, 280,  282-3,  288, 
291,  293-5,  297,  299,  301,  304,  307, 

325 

Stowell 286 

Strickland 290 

Strong, 136-9,  125 

Sullivan, 137 

Swain, 273 

Swallow, 238 

Swan,  Family  295;.  62-3,  70,  72,  78^. 
100,  106,  122, 152, 158, 198,  200, 212, 
216,  232,  246-8,   250,  298,  314,.  324^ 

334 

Sweet, 265 

Sweetsir, 257,  266 

Sylvester, 203,  306 


370 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Talbot, 212 

Talker, 264 

Taylor, 250,  291 

Temple, 260,  290 

Tenuey, 159,  253 

Thayer, 290 

Thompson,    Family    295;    52,    159, 
296,  304 

Thorns,  Thomes, 174,  299 

Thorpe 259 

Thurston, 250 

Tidd, 300 

Titcomb, 215-16 

Tobin, 210 

Todd, 288 

Tomlinson, 245 

Towne, 255,  265 

Trafton, 304 

Treadwell,  Family  296;  152,  200,240, 
280,  289,  292-3,  295,  297,  303 

Treat, 261 

True, 308,334 

Trull, 126,234 

Tucker, 215-16 

Tukey, 237 

Turner, 234 

Tuttle, 255,  283 

Twitchell,   .24,  126 

Tworably, 308 

Upperman, 286 

Upton, 110,  230,  270,  274 

Usher, 210 

Varnum, 138 

Waite, 249,  269 

Walcott, 257 

Walker,  Family  297;  112,  116,   130, 
174,  242,  249,  271,  295 

Ward, 16,  204 

"Ward     Artemas,"      (Charles     F. 
Browne),  199,  334 

Wardwell, 122,  232,  239 

Ware, 303 

Warner, 9  | 


Warren,  Family  298;  19,  40,  43-6, 
49,  59,  60,  64,  71-2,  75,  78,  80,  83, 
91,  100,  104-5,  108,  111,  115-16, 
121-2,  126,  137,  150-2, 157, 163,  165, 
191-2,  200,  213,  216-17,  235,  247-8, 
254,  259,  262-3,  266,  292,  299, 
314-15,  319,  320,  323,  345,  347 

Washburn, 214 

Waterhouse, 169,  172,  267 

Watkins, 243 

Watson,  Family  299;  62,  72,  78,80, 

109,  110,  152, 158, 204,  268,  270,  277, 

287,  293,  300 

Webb, 242 

Webber, 216,  247 

Webster, .  .156, 188,  203,  205,  263,  276 

Weeks, 207 

Welch, 255 

Weldman, 256 

Wells, 213 

Wentworth, 303 

West, 267 

Weston,  159,  194,  213,  252,  259,  275 

Wetherbee, 38,  126 

Wheeler,  Family  301 ;  120,  126,  228, 

232,  236,  268,  270, 275,  280,  291,  295 

Whitcomb,  Family  301 ;  16,  60,  64, 

72,78,83,   136,    139,   158,217,232, 

240,  253,  259,  270,   276-8,   281,  287, 

297,  302-3 

White, 204 

Whiting,   203,  265,  299 

Whitman,   Family  303;  13,  15,  16, 

131,  139,  182,  194,  200,  208-10 

Whitney,  Family  303;  38,  62,  108, 

111,  124,  138,  171,201,237,239,250, 

290,  296,  304 

Whittier, 173-4,  203,  206 

Wilkius,  Family  304;  107,   109,  211, 

213,  236,  251-2,  2()S,  294,  302 

Willard,  Family  305;  71,  139,  200, 

208,  247-8,   254,  259,  272,  274,  285, 

291-2,  306 

Williams, 215,  300,  304 

Williard, 227-8 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


371 


Willis, 214,280 

Wilson,. . .  .164,  194,  215-16,  227,  281 

Wingate, 139 

Winslow, 231 

Winter, 252 

Wood,  Family  306;  203,  205-6,  245, 
263-4,  290,  303 

Woodbury, 121,  137-8,  217 

Woodman, 138 

Woodsum, 229,  252 


Woodward,  Woodard, 

Wright,  Family  306;  72,  83, 


Wyman, 


206,  252 

121,264, 

289 

216 


York, •72,201 

Young,  Family  307;  HI, 
200-1,   211,  213-15,   255, 


,  248,  250 

159,   164, 

260,  28U, 

294,  316 


CORRECTIONS. 

Pwic  46,  seventeenth  line.  For  "  1788,"  read  "  1798;"  and  for  "four- 
teen "  years,  read  "  twelve  "  years. 

Par/e  50.  twenty-fifth  ^ine.  For  "Sampson's  pond,"  read  "Chaplin's 
pond." 

PcKje  6S.  nineteenth  line.     For  "  1773,"  read  "  1774." 

Pa/je  73.  sixth  line.  Insert  that  the  coarse  of  the  town  lines  there 
given,  "w^as  taken  in  1850." 

Par/e  7G.  first  line.     For  "  Tlionias  pond,"  read  "  Tom  pond." 

Paije  S5,  ftmrteenth  line.  For  "  Capt.  Ephraim"  Hapgood,  read 
"  Capt.  Hezekiah." 

Pa'ie  109.  thirteenth  line.  Richard  Bailey  occupied  the  "6th,"  not 
•■  4th,''  mill-site. 

Pa:/e  11:2.  si.dh  line.     For  "  1810."  read  "  1800." 

P<uie  178,  ninth  line.     For  "  flight,"  read  "  fight." 

Pa<ie  178.  ei;/hteenth  line.  After  "Windham  Hill,"  insert  "twelve 
miles." 

Pai/e  182.  twenty-fourth  line.    For  "contracted,"  read  "remonstrated." 

Pane  203.  thirteenth  name.     After  "  P."  in.sert  "a." 

It  is  suggested  that  the  reader  mark  these  corrections  with  a  pen.  in 
the  pro)M>r  places. 


FOURTEEN  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 


This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


RECEIVED 


23Feb'56jL 


NOV  1 1  '6b  -12  M 


FEB  1  6195?^  lU 


\8Sl 


LOAN  DEiPT. 


REOD  LP 


CfT-'y  •»  ^  **^^ 


Ui "  ^-  AVK     *ma  i9?s 


tiBRAIfV  tmf 


)UL181995 


NOV    3tc: 


RECEIVED 


=^ 


JUL  t  0  1995 


m    31959 


ecA^I 


^Wf^ 


3  l::;' 


fjftr 


^Tli^ 


MOV  231966  o'-'- 


LD  21-100m-2,'55 
(B139s22)476 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


CD3fiTSTm4 


Wi2'?i)872 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY