FROM THE
PERSONAL LIBRARY OF
JAMES BUELL MUNN
1890- 1967
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'
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
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THE
HISTORY
OF THE
WORLD:
THE SECOND PART.
BY
ALEXANDER ROSS.
p-
THE
HISTORY
OF THE
WORLD:
The Second Part,
I N
SIX BOOKS:
Being a Continuation of the famous History
o( SitWALTE'^ (!iA L EI G H, Knight:
Beginning where he left , Fi^ at the End of the Macedonian Kingdom
and deduced to thcfe Z^ffr-rjwf J : Thatis, from the Yearof the Wo r t d 3S06. ^
Or, i5o Years before CHRIST, till the end of the Year 1 (J40. after CHRIST;
B Y
WHEREIN
The m oft Remarkable Paflages of thofe Times, (both
Ecclefujlic all a.nd Civill) in the greateft States ^ Empires,
and Kingdomes , are Reprefented :
Together with a CHRONOLOGJB of thofe Times, ^c,
and an x^ If habetic all-Table by the AUTHOR.
InHiftoria hoc prdcipue falubre ac frHgiJerum , omnk te exempli documenta in illupi pojitaintueri: i^indetibi tmaue
Reip>ib.jw)dimitere capias; inde faedHm inceptu, faeditm exitH, gmdvites. Liy. lib. i.
LoNDoa, Printed for ^oh» Clark , and are to be fold at the Entrance into
Mercers.chappel , zt the lomt end of Chea^fide, M. DC. LII.
T O T H E
RIGHT HONORABLE
HENRY
EARL OF
Pfimier Earl , and Earl Marflial of E N G L A N D,
Baron HOWARD^ Mowbray, Segrave, Brewes
of Gowcr, Fitz- Allan, Clun, Ofwaldftry , Matra-
vers and Grayftock, q-c.
M Y L O R D :
^N^iquity did wittily adumbrate
and reprefent unto us 'a iVife
man:, h the FiBion of double
faced Janus, Vifith a Serpent by
him, biting his tail^ intimating,
that hereby mfe men take notice,
and make uje both of things pre^
fent and pajl^andmthall are not
mmindeful of their End , ex^
prefiedby the Serpent biting his tail, ^w that which
ma{esa man truly wife y and double faced with Janus,
Is Htjlory of things pafl • without the {nowledge of
which, a man hath but one face , and looks onely upon
things before him ^ andfuch are Children, faith Tuily ,
though they be aged ; whereas Hiflory makes men ripe and
acred in Knowledge, though they be children in Years, (fod
^ Ca) hath
The Epiftle T>ST>ICJT01ir.
hath appointed tyvo guides and ConduBors of Mans life ^
ivhile we are Pilgrims here in this Valley ofT'ears- namely.
Precept and Example : The Law furnijheth us
with Precepts , HiUory with Examples ^ which make
our way more floort and eafie then the other , as Se-
neca tells us : ("Longum iter per praecepta, breve 6c ef-
ficax per exempla_) Thefe two guides are li\e the two
l^iUars that conduced the Ifraelites through the T>efart ^
and indeed:, they are hothfo needful:, that without them^we
flo all never attain to the Land of l^romife, the Canaan of
our Happinefs. And as Hiftory is neceffary to all:, fo
chiefly to thofe who are fet upon the Tinacle of Ho-
nour:, whofe aBions are ohyious to all eyes^ and obnoxious to
all mens cenfures -who being placed upon JVatch-TowerSy
had need of better eyes, and a longer perfpeBiye then thofe
who live below ^ !A(m Hiflory is the Terfpective that lets
them fee the danger afar of: Had it not been for the know--
ledg of Hiflory y Lucullus the Roman had neyer fubdued
Mithridates the Kfng o/^Pontus ^ nor /:>^^Xanthippus the
Lacedemonian overthrown the Romans ^ -whereas before
^/:)/j,/-/;eCarthaginian Qommanders, for want ofHiforical
Knowledge J were flillworfled by /^/;e Roman Armies. In
Htflories great Men will find what uncertainty and vanity
there is in outward fplendor ^ what it is that ma^es true
and genuine ^J\(obility , and difcriminates it from that
which isfuppofttitious and adulterate^ and it willfljew them
that there is no confidence to be given to humane firength^
Policy, nor Actions,
Edocet humanis quae fit fiducia rebus.
They that fit at the Helm of(^oli>ernmentj had need of
the Hiflortcal Qompafs to fleer by. Among other emolu^
ments which accrew to Trinces by Hiflory , they willfinde
them to be their true fl friends, andwifefl QouncellorSy both
in admontfhing and reproying them : For this caufe
Deme^
The Epiftle VSmCATO'I^,
E)emetrms Phalerius adyifedK^ng Ptolemy to read Ht-
flories^ that from them he might learn truth ^ For Friends^
either out of fear or fhame , '^ill not tell Princes ofthofe
faults , rvhich Htjiory blujheth not to demonjhate. "Be-
fides , great Men receive this benefit by Htftorie^ That
they are incited to vertuous aBions , by the examples of
thofe braye men who ^vent before them. So Ji>as Alexan-
<Jer ^y reading the Storie of Achilks ^ and Caefar by rea^
^ing the Stories of Alexander - and the Turk by rea-
ding the aBions of Cxkr. IThm ^naeas animates his
Son.
-r; Tu facito mox quum matura adoleverit aetas
Sis memorj3cte aiiimo repetentem exempla tuorum,
Et pater jEn^^as, 6c avunculus excitet HeBor.
iiAnd as they are incouraged to vertuous Jtchieyements
by HiUorie ^fofor the fame Atchievements they floall be
made glorious by HtUorie to all Tofierity^ vphich mil be of
longer continuance then Brazen or Marble StatuesiFher^
foreT\\ek\JiSMpas more beholding to Connidas the Hi^
florian who vjrote lots life -then to Silamoii that painted,or
Pharrhafius that ingraved him to the life : And for this
caufe the Hifiorian was more honored by the Athenians ,
then the other two • for Statues exprefs the Lineaments of
the body onely ^ but Hifiories demonjlrate the Endow-
ments of the minde : Statues are for a time ^ Htftories
forferpetuitie^ which had Ferides ^own, he would rather
haye entertained the Hiftorian to regifter his aBions , then
Fhidia the Tainter toT>eltneat his TiBure fighting with
the Avn^izon w^ow Minerva's ITarget^ which islongftnce
lo/i ^ but ithe Hijiory remains. In a word, I may call Hi^
fiorie with Folyhms, ^;?^;Ariftotle, 'A^vjtvc^ml'dw'TmjSirav, ^
Xp)j(r/jM./u> yvf^vouricw- thc trucfi l^ndc of Learning^and ufefulleji
exercife in the world.
J^w my Lord ^ confidering with my f elf that what I
(^z) ^ havt
Tha Epiftle !D 8T> ICATO T^T.
havejpoken here, is the ohjeU both of your I^owiedge and
praBice ^ (lAndduely \veighingy our noble extraBion, your
Learning) and love to learned menpour goodnefs^Toifdom,
and ajf ability )Vpith thoje other eminent farts inyoUji^herin
you are nothing inferior to any of your honorable Trogeni^
tors ' I mpos ambitious to fend abroad this jPiece under the
jhelter of your Honors Tatronage jk^wwing it mil receive
the better acceptation, if it be graced m the Frontifpiece
mthyour ^h(^ble T'ltles. The chief end of this T>edica^
twn, is tojhew to the rporld the dutifuU refpeB and ^eall
bear to the Ancient , and Honorable Family of the
HOWARDS; andvpithall toy our own Eminent TartSy
by vphichyoufhine among others, (" Velut inter ftellas Lu-
na minores. )
Your Honors moft humble Servant,
Alexander Rosse.
The
TO THE
READ E
Had fcarcccafl: Anchor in the H^r-
boHr .y and finiflied my Navigati-
on in the Sea of Sir Walter Rarv^
highs Hillory , which I bounded
within the narrow Strcights ofan
Epitome^ when I was lollicited
by fomc of my Friends, to hoife
Sail again, and to lanch into
the Ocean of the General! Hifio-
ry oi the World ^ that I might
finifli what he had bc^un , and
begin where be hadfiniflied j defccnding from the times where
he brake off abruptly, into thefe later Ycares , that fo there
might be a compleat Abridgement of all Memorable Pajfages
from the beginning of the World till thcfe prcfent times The
Task I found fomewhat difficult, being forced to be both Shtp'
mafier^ Filot^ and Mariner my felfalone,as not having any A-
mmuenfis ; but was fain to read, digeft , contra^ , and write all
myfelf: Yet confidering I was now at leifure, and naturally
hated Idlenejfe jthe Mother of mifchiefe, and the Devil fCuJhion,
as the Fathers call it ; and that I was not born for my felfe, but
fcnt hither to doe fervice in this great Honfe of the World j to
imploy the Talent committed to me, and not to wrap it up in a
Napl^a; to impart the light of my CW/« to the Family ^ and
not
Thti'%EFJC8\
not to hide it under ^ Bufiell ; to work in the Vineyard^ and
not to ftand idle in the Market-place all the day long j to labour
whilftitisPtfj^, before the N/^fo/ come wherein no man can
work ; and to be fo imployed, that when my Majier cometh,
he may fay, Enge fer've bone 't confidering alfo how pretious
time is, how quickly gone i how long a Lefron,and how ftiort
r a Life(^as tbeophrafia^ complained)N4?Krff hath given us j how
great the account is we are to make up,of fo many Hours, Dayes
Seneca. ^^^ Tears fpcnt, either idlely, or wickedly, or impertinently, and
how uncomfortable muft the end of thofe be , who fpend their
d2iyQs\\\icSardanapalus,ox Hogges rather, m eatings drinkiagy
fleeping and playing , having no remorfe with Titm for fo ma-
ny days and years which they have loft, wherein they have done
no goodjbut like fruitlefs Fig- trees cumber the ground : When
I confidered, I fay, thefe things , I adventured rather to under-
take this Task, then ^fj'nh Solomons Sluggard to fold my armes^
tofleep 2ind jlum be r away the (hort remainder of my Dayes in
MeMc/pjOrvainandfinfull Fleafures; There are above three
parts already ofthcG/jj^ofmyLi/^ run out, being now almoft
62 years of age, I defirethat the fourth part may not be worfe,
for that were (dejinere in Fifcem) to look like a Syren or Aiier-
maid, to begin in the Spirit, and end in the Flefh, with the foo-
lifli Galatians •, I (hall be loath to degenerate with Hercules , of
whom the Poet fpeaks :
{Capifti melius quam de finis ultima primis
Ceduttt diffimules hie vir, d^ illapuer^
1 have been hitherto a carefuU difpenfer of my time , and a
Niggard oi my dayes,having imployed as few of them as I could
in IdUmffe, and even from my youth I have been more conver-
faf t auiong the dead then rhe living, though I have feemed to
fome of Eptcurm his fwinifh SchoUars , no better then one oi
thofe mad men in the Gofpell, who dwelt among the Graves i
yet I have tound more true content among thefe Dead men
then ever I could enjoy among the living. But why fliould I call
thofe deady'viho are now more alive in their Workjy then when
they were alive in their Bo^/«,having attained to that life com-
mended by the Orator (Deqnis nulla nnquam conticefcet atas^
quae memoria vigebit faculorum omnium . quam ipfe <ieternitas fern-
pertntuebitur) I have been content hitherto, rather to con-
verfe in the Sto'tcall School of Zeno , then in the voluptuetts
Garden oi Epicurus j and with C<«/<jr (Equitare per ^ritannoi
Scoticm pati pminas) then with Fiorw, cnrfitare per tenebrasy
pnlicei
Cvid.
eictro-
The "PREFACE.
pulicespati rotundas ) But let men fpend their days as they lift,
or as their good and bad Genius induccth them, I am fure, that
they who haveimployed their time in doing good according
to their Calling , ftiall finde true content and comfort on their
death- beds, when they arc departing hence, to him that f^nt
them hither i and who will exadia ftri^ account of their time
fpent. Whereas the others muft needs at their departure be
accompanied with grief and horrour , rcmembring the preci-
ous houres and years they have mif-fpent, faying with old
Evander ,
Virgil.
(^0 mihi pr^tsritos referat fi Jupiter annos \ )
Which the Poets did elegantly and wittily cxprefs unto us,
by (hewing that none went over the River Styx into the
Elyfian Fields , but fuch as had Charon for their Pilot j that is.
The comfort and joy of a gooddonfcicncc, which will never
prove the guide or companion ofpleafureandfin.
Some tell me, that it is time nowto give off writing, being
old , and having the burthen of 63 years on my back. To
whom I anfwcr , That my age as yet (bleffed be God) is to me
110 burthen j as it is to fome who fihde it heavier then Mtna was
to Enceladus* I cannot accufe my age , as he faid : ( 'Nihil ha- ^"^^"'
heo qnodaccufem SeneSiutem meam, ) But I may fay with the old
Italians in the Poet Nee tarda feneBus
(DebiUtat n/ires animi, mutafve 'vigoreni)
andto whom God hath giwen^crudam viridemq-, fetteSiam^SL vivid ^"^^'^•
and vegit old age , he expects of them more fruit in that age ;
who is fo apt to write or fpeak as he who hath experience with
maturity of Judgement, Wifdome and learning ? which can-
not be in young men; (Tetfteritas florentis ^tatis ^ prudentiaj
SemSlutis) young men'fnay be fit in the great Ship of a Coitl- cicen.
nionwealth, to hale the Ropes, to hoifethe Sailes, to draw the
Pump, to weigh the Anchor, and to clamber up the Mails;
but old men are fitteft to iitat the Stern, to Steer the Ship, and
to keep her from falling on the rocks and quick- fands. Wine
is ever beft when it's old, andF'ruits are fweeteft when ripeft.
Young men are for a&ion, Oldriien for direftion ; young me^
may fee farther, but old men'cain judge better; the one may havd;
a quicker Cor|)fbral',t>ut the other hath a nimbler Mentall fight : ^^^^^
Th *rjcMtd/'at5 ^<^i•^^ef^aJf^^^^^'nu'. Therefore J/<?<:fd/fw, Fl4-[
to^Monur^ ^^Hifiod^ SoplMles ^ Amhrofey AugujUn^Tindviiir^'
morevwrotem^ft'df theii^cxtdlent Works.in their old age. So
I v\ulii withrS'tf/tf*' be cafi'tfi^t , Fwes^iwtfv '•^i'Aii rofi^d ^'MkmotJ^is\i
.ijt^iii both
The 'P%8FACt,
Cicero.
hi)th to grow Old with Teaching , and Learned with
Age
Itwere weaknefs in me to claw the Reader with flattering
tearmsforhis approbation or favourable cenfure of thefe my
pains , and to beg his good word for my good will in compi-
ling this Epitome; for he that is Learned , Judicious, and In-
genuous, cannot fpeak ill of what is meant well, nor difcom-
mend his pains that are undertaken for a Publick benefit i as
for the carping Mome who hath a Aing with the Wafp , but no
honey with the Bee , who can be content to take his cafe , and
carp at other mens pains , which every Dunce can doe , being
farre more eafie to play the Mome then the Mime , to reprehend,
then to imitate ; as for fuch, I fay , they can no more refrain
their tongues from carping and reproving even thofe things
they kn<s»w not, then Rats and Mice can forbear gnawing of
Books and Papers they underftand not ; which doth argue
wantjboth of judgment,learning,and ingenuity i for the infepe-
rablecompanions oiMomuSy^i^ Pride and Envy : Lafinefs and
Ignorance his Parents , which the Poets wittily expreffed, by
making him the Son of Night and Slumber.
I will not here digrefs into the commendation of Hiftory ,
which Tnlly cals the Light of Truth, the Witnefs of times , the
Miftrefs of Life, the Meflcnger of Antiquity, and the Remem-
brancer of Life* It is indeed one of the moft delightfull and
profitable imploy ments of a mans life, to read Hiftories, which
ftirs up men to vertue, and deterrs from vice , whilft they read
how the one is rewarded , and the other punifhed ; it makes
a man fervicqable , bdthrto the Church and State ; it is a Study
fit for Dii/ines to illuftrate and confirm their Do6J:rins> whilft
they exhort to Vertue, and dehort from Vicej it (hews them alfo
the increafe and decreafe of Religion, with the divers concomi-
tants thereof J it's fie for the Lan>yer^ to (hew him the original,
diverfities , and changes of Laws and Governments i for the
fame caufe it is a fit ftudie for all Princes , Magiflrates^ and Fe-
lititians^ without which their Government will be but lame :
aiidnolefsnece(rary is it to Soldier j , efpecially to Cowman-
eters and Captains, where they may fee the divers cau[cs,events,
attendants, and Stratagems of War. Fhyfitians alfo, Philofo-
phersy and Poets may reap no fmall benefit by reading of Hifto-
ries. Alexander made himfelf fo expert a Warrier ashe was^
by reading the Life and Anions o£ Achilles^ Sdymns the Turl^
caufed the A£i;ions of JhIihs C<ffar to be tranfiated (whereas his
predeceiTors (lighted all Hidories as fabuIous)and by reading of
; .: thefe,
The T%EFACe,
thefe, he became fo expert a Soldier , that in a (hort time he o-
verrun a great part of Africa dnd AfiaSo Cefar was animated by
reading the Life oi Alexander , to undertake his great exploits.
Plutarch tels us that Paul Mmilius who fubdued Perfes the M<i-
cedottiaa K'ung ^ fpcnt all his idle rime in reading of Hjftories
which made him To good a Soldier. CharlstUe Great was fo
affefted with Hiftorits, that ufually as he fat at dinner and fup-
per hecaufed them to be read to him. And Alexander Se've-
r«/ never undertook any great A£i:ion , till tirft he hadconful-
ted with Hiftorians. And bccaufe of the great benefit which re-
dounds to a Kingdome or State by Hiftory, we read how anti-
ently Hiftories have been honored. -Ptf/j'^/wj' that wrote the
KomoH Hiftory,and their Wars with the Carthaginians ;w^% ho-
nored at Megalopolis with a Statue on a high Pillar : The Hi-
ftoryof Tacitus is commanded by Tj^z**// the Emperor to be
placed in all Libraries, and left it fhould perifh,he caufed it e-
very year to be written ten times owcr.Pompey the great hono-
red theophanes the Hiftorian with the Priviledges of the City
of Kome. Titus Vefpaftan bcftowed great wealth and honors
on Jofephus the Jewip Hiftorian, whofe Statue was ere^ed at
Komg : And fo dfid Julian the Apoftate upon Aurelius ViSlory
the Roman Hiftoriographer. The JEgyptians who were care-
ful! to preferve their Hiftories and antient Monuments, (light-
ed the Gre^ridaj for their negled herein , accounting them no
better then children. And we read oiAlphonfns King oiArra-
gony that he doated upon Li<z//>j' Hiftory. But how needful!
Hiftory is for Governors and Princes, let Claudian (peak in his
own Language to Honor'tns the Emperor,
Intereay Mnfis animus dum moUiorjnfleSj
Et qu^mox imiterelegoi: nee definat un^uam
Tecum Graia loqui, tecum Kontana •vetujias.
Amiquos evol'z/e duces^ajfufce future
Militi£ ', Latium retro te confer in <ie'vum.
Libert as qua jit a placet ? tnirabere Brutum :
Perfidiam ddtHnas} Metii fattabere pdcnis.
Trifie rigor nimius ? Torqnati defpue mores.
Mors impenfa bonum ? Decios 'vemrare ruentes,
Vel folus quidfortis aget^ te pontefoluto
Oppofitus Codes y Mm'ti teflamma docebit.
Quid mar a perfieiat, Fabtus : quid rebus in arBis
Dnxgeraty oftendet Gall^rum firage CamiUus.
Difeitur hinc nuUos meritts obftftere cafus.
frorogat iettrnam feritas tibi Punica famam
( b ) Regfth
Vlutarch.
Lampridius.
VauftHies;
Jofefb,
Sigoniiu,
The T%8FJC8.
* Fabritim.
Regule'-tfucceffm jHperaat adi/erfa Catonk:
Vifcitur hiric q uantnm panpertas fobria pojpt :
Pauper erat Curius^ reges cum 'vinceret armis
Pauper Fahrttim^ Pyrrhi cumfperneret aurum,
Serdida Serranus flexit dictator aratra.
Lujiratte LiSiore cafa^fafcefq^falignis
Poftihus affixi^ ceUeBdS Confute mejJeSy
Etfulcata din Trabeato rura colono.
Which are thus Engliflied by an ingenuous Gen-
tleman.
T
Hy mind to Books ('whilft yet 'tis plyant) bend,
And what thou foon fhould'ft imitate, intend^.
Often conferre, and fet before thine eies
The Koman^ and the Gre?^ Antiquities :
Perufc thofe antient Captains, and prepare
For all the hardfhipsofthy future Warre :
Rcfle6i: upon Rome's elder Annalsjthere
If purchas'd Freedom any pleafure bcarc,
Brutus thy wonder and applaufe will be :
Art thou an enemy to treachery >
Mettus thy fpleen in's death (hall fatisfiej
Is too much rigour cruelty? defpife ,
Torquatus fatherlefs {cverities.
Is death fuftain'd,an honeft bravery?
Then reverence the falling Deity .•
Whatfingle valour may perform alone,
Number-preft Codes with his bridg broke down,
And Sce'z/olas burning hand will let thee know j
What wife delay may compafsjF^^/i// (hew 9
How Captains fliould in worft extremity
Deport themfelves, Camillns Viftory
Over the Gaules will teach ; And hence we findc
No Chance can maftcr the dcfcrving minde,
Thee, KeguJus^thc Punick cruelty
Hath purchas'd an eternall Elogy .*
Catos misfortunes triumph o're fuccefs.
What an exceflefs fortune may exprcfs
We hence may learn, Curius even then was poor
When he fubdu'd proud Kings by armed power :
*Who Pyrrhus gold defpis'd was poor enough;
Serranus the Dilator held the plough 3
The
T\itT%EFAC8,
The hiStor then the Cottage walk'd around,
The fafces ty'd to willow pofts were found,
The Confulhbus'd the Corn, the Country than
Was till'd by a Senatoricall Husbandman.
Hiftoryisalfo ufefuU to Oratorie, as TnUy often (hewethj
without which an Orator either in perfwading or diflWading,
will prove defc^ive. It is alfoneceffary for bchooKMafters;
therefore Quintilian "wiWhsLVQ Pedagogues to read Hiftoryto
their Schollars , whereby they may have matter for their Exer-
cifes and Orations : To be brief, Hiftory hath this pretiemi-
nence above Oratory and Poetry, that Oratory hath been re-
jedied by the Lacedemonianr, Poetry by Plato^ TertuUian and o-
thers, as two pernicious inftruments in a Commonwealth, to
pervert mens raindsi but Hiftory was never yet rejedied by any;
andhowcanit, abounding with fb much profit and pleafurej
for what can be more profitable then to learn Wifdom by o-
ther mens follies , to get experience by ether mens coft dnd la-
bours, and to be fafe by other mens dangers ( Fcclix quern faci-
untaliena pericula cautum.) Hiftory is like a watch- Tower on
which we may fee dangers a farre off*, and fo avoid them ; and
what can be more pleafant then to fee a Tragedic afted to the
life-, which onely is to be feen in Hiftory j for here we (hall
fee the whole world , but as a Stage on which men of all forts
havea^ed their parts^ Princes, Prelats,Pefants of all agesa6:ing
the fame things, on the fame Stage ', who after they have laid a-
fide their difcriminating Vizards , and pcrfonating garments,
they are all alike , as they were before they put them on : For
Kings and beggers have the fame way of coming in , and the
fame way of going out : Mors Sceptraligonibns ctqnat : Diogines
cannot diftinguiQi King Philips skull from the reftj nor is there
any difference in Carons Boat,betwcen the grcateft and the mea-
neft •, all muft Row there alike.
This Hiftory which I have compiled out of many Writers,
contains all themoft memorable paflages and events which
have been Recorded fince the fecond Macedonian War,iji which
that Kingdom ended about the year of the World 3790. and
the i5«;Olympiadafter the building of the City, Afjno,t^^^. a-
bout^^o years before Chrifts Nativity j where Sir fValter
concludes his Hiftory i fo that from that time till this are about
1 900 years 5 in all which fpace you fhall fee upon the fame
Theater of the World, the fame Tragedies of Wars, Plagues,
Famins, Oppreffions, Tyrannies, Thefts, Murthers, Fires,
Earth-quakes, Inundations, Maflacres, Ruines of Caftles,
(b a) Temples,
The 'P'KSFJCE.
LMun.
Temples, Palaces, DeioUtion ot Countreys , Kingdomsand
Commonwealths, Devaftation of Towns and Cities, Alterati-
on of Laws and Governments, Tranfportation of Colonies of
men, women, and children, from one place to another ; I fay
you (hall fee the f?.me Tragedies Cwith fome variation of Cir-
cumftances) reiterated by different A5:ors , fucceeding each o-
ther in their Generations:lfyou ask me to what purpofe have all
thefeftirs continually bin,and yet are ftil in theWorldjI anfwer,
to no other purpofe,but that infatiable,covetous,and ambitious
Mindes may have more of this earthly Turf to crawl and domi-
nier upon (as if they wanted elbow-room ) and fomc more
clods of eaith , whereof a little will content them , when their
vafl and ambitious thoughts are laid as low as their carcaffes 5
then fliall a fliort and narrow Coffin contain thofc , whom one,
or more Kingdoms will not content : Within how little room
was that FeUdcan Youth (hut up , whom one World could
not fatisfie : E^cce vix. totam Hercules mple'vit 'Vrnam^ the huge
body of Hercules did fcarce fill an Urn , when he was burned to
a(hes. What madnefs is it then to turn the World upfide-down,
to cheat, opprclTe, and murther one another, for more room,
whereas a little wil ferve a contented mindi one world can con-
tain many Elephants^many woods,fields,medows,hilsand dales
cannot fuffice one covetous and ambitious mind 5 tantus amor
ttumnii^ d^ dominandi infana cupido-, but if we wil truly confider
thefhortnelTeofourlife, the ettrnitie that comes after , thcva- '
nity, uncertainty and meanneffe of the things we ftruggle for;
we fhall finde on our death-bed, that we have been ftriving all
this while for Goats wool, an Affes (hadow , Moon-fhine in the
wacer, for butterflies, nut(hels, toies, and babies of clouts, with
children, faving that Majora ludimus^ C^ grandioribm pilk^ we
fport our felves , and trifle away our time with greater babies
then they do j To that we do little better then gather pcble
fliones with Caligula and his Army , and hunt all our days after
flies with Domitiam and when we have toiled our felves in vain,
we may fay with Peter , That we have laboured all night , but
have got nothing. In Lmw^iw when Mercury lifted up Charon
to the top of Parnaffus, which they placed upon Offa , Pelyon,
and other high hill?, he faw from thence ■^""'^''^w ''"'a- rvpSi^v ^ fve-
qvv '\cL^x^^ '^^* ^'^'i &'^- a various and confufed multitude , whofe
life was full of troubles , fomefailing, fomefighting, others
pleading, fome ploughing , fome hoarding up their moneys,
and others begging : the houfcs looked like mole hills, and the
men like Emmets, the Cities feem'd to him like bee-hives ,
wherein
ThcT^EFJCS.
wherein each Bee had a ft ing , wherewith they did nothing bu t
fting one anotherifome domineering like Hornets,carrying and
pulling the weaker j fome like Wafps, others as Drones ; round
about them did flie, hopes, fears, madnefs, covetoufnefs, an-
ger, hatred, befides multitudes of difeafesj as Fevers,Confump-
tions,Inflammations,S words, Theeves, Judges, Tyrants, and
fo forth, 'eiS^' t^'ccpxh'svsvoijv : If (faith he) Men wonldlin time ac-
knowledge themfelves to be Mortall, and that after they had fi-
nifhedtheiry^or/ pilgrimage here, they mufi: forfake all terrene
things; and awake out of their Jleep, having been in a Dre<«w
and would live more prudently and circumfpct^ly , they would
belefs troubled in the hour of death , and not depart howling
and weeping to Charon, as they ufe to do .- bur the Poet Bucha"
nan tels us, in few words, mens vanity in this point,
Percipias rerumfit ^uantula portioy 'verbis
Qnam nos magnijicis in regna fuperba fecatnus.
Partimur ferro, mercamur f anguine fnfo ,
Ducimtfs exigutie gleba de parte triumphos ! &c.
Opudor! OJidlidiypracepsi/tfania'z/otil
Qnantula pars rerum eji in qua fe gloria toUit?
Irafreraity metus exanmat, dolor nrit, egefias
Cogit opefferroy injidiis ,flamma atq\ 'veneno.
Scilicet €5N trepido fernjent humana tumnltu.
Which may be thus EnglilTied :
Behold how fmall the meafure ifs of things ,
Which proudly parted is by earthly Kings.
Wc (hare with fwords, and with our blood we buy ,
Small Turfs on which we ride triumphantly, ^c,
O (hamc / O madneis of our ra(h defires /
What is*t at which vain glory thu« aipires ?
We fret, fear, grieve, we wants with wealth fupply
Got by lire, fword, poyfon and treachery,
We're full of tumults, fears and vanity.
Why then (hall we fet our afFe^lons,and doat upon this Earthy
which compared to Heaven^ is but a Point j how inconfidera-
ble and fmal then are the pieces of this point we ftri ve for ; we
cheat, lie, fteal, fwagger, fight, fwear, and forfwearj we cut the
throat, and fqueefe the blood of each others heart} yea, we fell
our Souls to the DeviUjZnd hazard the lofs of eternal happinefs,
for the uncertain, vexatious, fugitive vanities of this world-, we
lay out our Money for that which is not Bread , faith the Pro-
phet j and wc diz for , or wake to our felves Cijierns that will
^ (b a) hold
The T'RSFACE.
re^fm.
Ovid.
Hi mm.
hold no water •, qnantum eji in rebm inane : O t he vanity , emp-
tinefs, and madnefs of menjthat confider not how their life is but
a fpan in length i their body like glafTc or earthen pitchers for
britlencflej the things they fomuch covet, are but fmoak,
or that vain Emperors painted Banquet, which did awhile pleafe
the eie, but no ways fatisfie the ftomach- And how the things
wenegle^aretruely fatisfa^ory andeternall , whilfl we with
Mfops Frog arid Moufe,fight eagerly for nothings Death , that
great IC//e, which is dill hovering over our heads, conies and
carries us all away in his talons. Why fliould we dream of long
continuance here, when wc fee the great Empires, Monarchies,
States, Cities, and Magnificent Buildings of former times, all
fallen into dufl and nothing. "Nunc fegetes ubi Trojafuit, Troy is
a cornfield^ JernfalerndLhezip of (tones, In aternoj coUapfa cine'
res, faith Hierom, fallen into perpetuali ajhes ; and ^me is ruine
according to the old Prophefie, ?«/*« p?" fi'V" 'V^*''. of which
Bellay the French Poet fings, as he is tranflated by Spencer,
Thou ftranger which for Rome in Rome here feek'fl.
And nought oi^me in Rome perceiv'fi: at all;
Thefe fame old Walls,old Arches, which thou feefl,
Old Palaces, is that which Rome men call.
Behold what wrack, what ruine, and what wafl,
And how that fhe which with her mighty power,
Tam'd all the world, hath tam'd her Self at lafl;
The prey of Tiwe, which all things doth devour.
Roineyiiow oiRome is th' only funerall,
And only Rome oiRome hath vi^ory ;
Ne ought fave Tyber hafl'ning to his fall,
Remains of all : O worlds inconftancie /
That which hjirm doth flit and fall away,
And that is flitting doth abide and (lay.
So then that once glorious City and Qyeen of the world, is but
now, as Buchanan cals her, Tantum 'veteris cadaver IJrbiSyZ car-
cafs only, or hzre fceleton of that ancient City.. When SulpittHS
failed by the ruins of Cmnr^,and other ancient Cities, he Writes
to Cicer0 ( who was much grieved for thelbfsbf his diiughter
Tuliia^ (hewing he had no rcafon tobfe difcontented at the
death of a mortal! Woman; whereas the carcaifes of (b many
Cities in one place lay flat with the ground i ( Nos honiuncuU
indignamur fi quis neUrHm interiit, cum moth loco tot oppid»mtm
cada'z/eraprojeciajaceaat^the uncertainty therefore , and' vanity
of humane affair/^ewen in their greateft glory ,havf: induced many
braVc
T\itT%EFAC8.
brave men to quit their Dignities and high places , and to be-
take themrelves to prii/aeie ■-, thus Dioclefian and Maximilian
were contented to lay down their Imperiall Ornaments and
Power, and to dcfcend to a mean, yet a more fecure condition of
life ; fo that Dioclefian preferred his garden of Fothearbs to all
the Koman honors. Amadtws Duke oiSafvoy found more content
and happincffe in his Monajlery then in his Dntchie : And of
late years, CW// the fifth, Emperor ^ after fo many Triumphs
and glorious Atchievements, waspleafedto exchange all his
dominions and Iwperiall Robes ^ iov 3^ Monkj Habit ^ and a place
in the Monaflery oi St. Lauretice in the Efcuriel, five miles from
Madrid: And it's no wonder that Princes and great Men many
times are out of love with their own greatneife, if we confjder
theperpetuall anxieties, feares, cares, jealoufiesjdifcontents and
dangers they are fub)e£); tojfo that King Amigontps rruly fold his
fon, If he knew with what cares and troubles his Cro«7« was^«/l
fed, he would not tah^ it up if he found it on the ground : there-
fore it is faid of Pythagoras, whofe Soule had lodged in fo many
Bodies,That he lived happier when he was a Frogt then when he
wasaK/«g; the high Hills, not the low vallies, are moftwea-
ther-beaten,as the Poet tells us.
SiCptHS 'ventk agitatur ingens Homm,
Tinus : ^ celfds gra<viore cafa
DecidunttHrreSjferiHntq,fummos
Fubnina montes.
The bluflring Windes more often farre
'Gainft lofty Pines doe threaten Warre .: , , ,
Brave Towers with greater ruine fall, ' ' ^ " ;
And thunders highefl hills enthrall, .'^'l-^,
I will conclude this Digreflion with that faying of Tetronim ^^"o"'"*-
conf^^YintigtheCitie Croten :Ontn^s hie aut captantur aut cap^S'.
tanty ^M cadaver a qti^ Id^Yin^ur, aiit cor<vi qui lacerant. In this .
wofl<t all men either deceive or zrc decei'vedy they zrc either R^x_
veajt<^ teare ochtrs, otcdHaffes to be torn In pieces by others^
Thi^World is zSea tuU oigHat and f^mall^ttics ; ii great, they ,ar^
devput^rs;j£y5»ai/, they ire devoured. u rj» ^ >
Now as for this Fiecef whiich I have eictradied out of di vefSy H^iiv/
ftori4ns,2inAxotitrai^ed'itit&i'Bii^fi'kphome^ I, have endeajyqu-
redtpfet dovyn 4n it ttll rar^^rj^^^/ff I'frjpife/ Jn as little \rqflm
as I eovild. If Any fay «hat I'ha ve beep too brief? Jand fuqcm^ in
fomethings, hetnuftkhiiw IWritenot a large ikifiory, but an E-
pttome
The T'RSFACE.
Epitome^m which if I had bin more prolix,the book would have
fwelledintotoo great a bulk. For this caufe , and thatthe/s-
mj-of the Hiftories might not be interrupted, I have not infer*
ted any TheolagicaU^ Politically or ChremlogicaU Difcourfes or
Digrefllons, asSirf^'/fLTBK- KALEIGH hath done in
his Hiftory, whereby his book is fo voluminous^for what I have
written here,is meerly Hiftoricall 5 and I hold it fitted to referve
fuch obfervations to a book by themfelves apart, which perhaps
hereafter I may publifli, if it (hall pleafe God to afford me Co
much timcy health and opportunity. hs for any encouragement,!
expefi: none in this illiterate Age^ wherein Ignorance is honored
& Knowledge flighted, by our unlearned Lacedemonians; but the
bcft is, Learning and fVifdom are Juftificd of their own children,
and Vertne is a reward to her felfe.
Virttts repnlfdc nefcia fordida,
Intaminatk fulget honorihm :
Necfumit ant ponit fecures
Arbitrio popularis anroc :
Virtus recludens immeritis mm . .
Coclum negata teutat Iter via-,
Catufq; <tfulgares C^ ndam
Spernit htimum fugiente penna.
Vertue that ne'rc repulfe admits.
In taintleffe honours glorious fits.
Nor takes or leaveth dignities,
Rais'd with the voyce of vulgar crii^s.
Vertue (to worth heavVop*ning wide)
Dauntleffe breaks thorow wayes deny'd ,
And (taught) the rabble to dcfpife,
Forfaking Earth, to Heaven flies.
The compcndioufneffc of this Chronologic all] Hiftory, or
Hijioricall Chronologie ( call it which you wil, for it containcs
both)wil be ufeful and acceptable to moft forts of men: i . To
thofe who have no time noxLeifure by reafon of their other ftu-
dies or employments in the world, to read over the many Vo-
lumes of Hiftories which have been written: In reading of this,
they fhal not need fpend much time, which is but (hort, and eve-
ry wife man wil be willing to husband it as well as he can. a.To
thofe who have no Patience to dwell too long upon prolix and
tedious Hjflftfr/V/, from readingofwhich many are deterred, as
growing weary before they be half way, dcfpairing ever to at-
tain
Th^ 'PREFACE,
tain the end ot their journey. And indeed it's no wonder when
weconfider that Ars longa^ 'vitabre'vk^ that ourlifeisafhart
Winters day,in which wee are to goea great and tedious jour-
ney, and therefore had need to make the raore hafte^ a man (hall
arrive fooner into the Harbour in a Imal Pinnace, then in a great
Ship. It's better and healthier to rife with an appetite from a
fliort dinner, then with a furfeiting or faftiJious ftomach from a
tedious Feaft. 3. To thtm who have already read the Hiftories
at Iarge,who commonly loath to read them over again, to them
I fay,this Book will be as a Table, Index, or Remembrancer, to
put them in mind of the chief things they had heretofore readi
fo that here they may have a fliort Collation after a long Feaft.
4. To thofc alfo C Qjtibus res anguBa domi) who either cannot
becajife of their narrow Means-) or will not becaufe of their nar-
row Minds, part with too much money on Books; in this, they
that cannot reach to the price of a long Gown , may buy a fhort
Cloak. Laftly, This benefit will accrew to all men who read
this Hiftory, that they (hall buy at a far cheaper rate the Expe-
riences of others Recorded here, then they can buy their own 5
for they that live long and travel far , pay foundly for their ex-
perience 5 but they who read Hiftories enjoy the experienceof
all that lived before, which is far greater and much cheaper.
I have for the greater eafe of the Reader, fubjoyned a Chroao-
logie to this Hiftorie , wherein as in a fmall Map may be feen the
chief memorable Paftages that have fallen out in the World,
fince the Overthrow of the Macedonian Kingdom , tillthefe pre-
fentTimes^ Hifiory, indeed, is the Body, but Chronologie
the SovXo^ Hijiorical Knowledge J for Hiftory without Chro-
nologie, or a Relation of things paft, without mentioning the
Times in which they were AQed, is like a Lump or Embryo
without articulation , or a Carcafs without Life^ I have not di-
gefted this Chronologic as others do, according to each particu-
lar year, but have reduced the whole time into fo many Decadf
or Tens , fo that we fee at one view what hath fallen out every
ten years j which way is more ready to be found, and more ea-
fie to the Readers memory. Befides , I finde much diifference
among Chronelogers , and much incertainty in their Comp utati-
on of years ; it is not yet agreed what year of the World Chrift
was born in,there being four or five years difference in the Com^
putation ; nor can Chronelogers yet agree when the World be-
gan : It is ordinarily Recorded that Julius Cafar Reigned five
yearsj whereas in truth his Reigne lafted not above three years
and S months^ fo that there are wanting of five years,aImoft 1 6
months •,
The T%8FJCE.
^jonthsj for the firft year of his Reigne coniainedbut 6 months
and a few days s and hisfifth year but i months i ^ daysj for he
was miirthered the 1 5 o^ March : fo that Emergent years,wherein
Computations take beginning from fome memorable Emergent
Accident, fall out fome times in the middle, fometimes near the
end of the Tr<?p/c^// year , fothata partis ufedfor the whole
year; Bcfides, there is no certaintie when the Olympicks and the
Citie oiKome had their true beginning,andyet our Computati-
on dependeth upon them. The Jnlian year alfo which we ufe,
is longer then the Tropicalor C^le^ial by eleven Horary Scru-
ples, whereof each Hour containeth 60. the J£ra of Nahonajfar
in the fpace of i ^6oJulian years,gaineth one whole y earjfo that
1460 y«/w«,make 146 1 Nabonajfarian years,becaufe thefe years
confiftof 365 days, without Intercalation of the remaining 5
hours , which every fourth year makes a day ; and as there be
divers Computations of years, fo they have divers initiations ^tho:
Olympiads take their beginning from the Nen? Moo7i next the
Summer Solflice ^ the year oi IphitJis contained lO Olympiads^
or 40 ofouryears : the threefold 5'e/e«fic^</«Computation,hath
different beginnings ^ for that which is called the JudaicaU^hc-
gins the 1 3 of March, the Alexandrean or Antiochian , takes be-
ginning in Autumn \ the Chaldean in the fubfequent Spring i io
that the y^»lz(jcibw;j Year begins in the middle way between the
Judaical SindChaldaical. The Dionyftan JEgyptianCom^utz.-
tion begins the nt^oi March, the Macchab<xan the 24 of Novem-
ber ; the Spanijh begins the i oi January, but 6 years later then
the Julian, becaufe it was brought into Spain 6 years later then
into other places : The Computation from the Confuljhip of
Augujim, begins the 22 of September ; the ABiac J^ra is two-
fold, onebeginsthe 2 of^e/J/e^/^fi*, when Augufttps^tASlium
defeated Antony ; the other begins the 29 of Auguji of the next
following year j to wit, from the taking oi Alexandria , and the
death of Cleopatra : the Augujian Computation begins the 14
oi February , when OBai/iu^was d'lled Augujim by the Senat.
Dioclefian &ra begins the 29 of Auguji, which is yet in ufe a-
mongthe Ethiopian Chrijiians', the Hegira or Arabic znd Tur-
i^Computation begins the 16 of July, in the year of Chrift
629 andconfiftsof L«»4r^ years ; the Je'Zsdagr id or Per fian
^r<« begins the 16 of June, AnnoChrifii ^32. Thefe and ma-
ny more differences may be feen in Scaliger, Calviftus^Helmcm,
Fetofvius , Cenebrard, and other Chronologers. J have in this
Chromloffie fct down the years of Popes and Princes Reignes, but
have omitted the odd months and days for brevity fake, as being
a
The T%EFACB,
a thing ot fmall conccrnmenc : I have Iikewifein every Decad
diftinguiflied the CWf/j y^Jpr/rj- from the States to avoid con-
fufion i and I have let down the number of Synods in each De-
ca'l^ but not the Circumjiances of the Place , Afts , and occafion
of their calling (except of fome that are more famous) to avoid
prolixitie, and that the Book might not fwcl too big : There arc
alfo fome Paffages touched in the Chronology , which were omit-
ted in the Hi/^ory j and what is either wanting or brief in the
Cbrottologie, will be found more fully in the Hijiory , chat there
might be no dcfe^in both together , though the one may fecm
to be lame without the other,
Laftly, I have in this ^<3r^performed the part of an Hijiori-
attf not of an Orator , or Tragedian. Two things are commen-
dable in an Hijioriaa^ to wit, brevity and ftmplicity ; brc'vity to *
diAinguifh Hijiory from Oratory i ftmplicity of words and pbra-
fes , to difcrimina te it from Tragedies^ in which high and lofty
fxprgjpowj'arcufedtomovethe Affedions. In H//?<)rj; nothing
is aimed at but a bare narration of things a^ed^ or words /f?^^e«,
which ought to be delivered without the painting of Tr<;;7e/ and
hcivious drejpngs of luxuriant p^r^y^j- , which oftentime adul-
terate the Truth 5 whereasyZ'5 fliould be nal{ed without any gor-
dious attire^ or gawdy trappings^ for fuch are for a wanton cour-
tefan-'i not for a modeU matron . Therefore Alcibiadcs confefl'eth
that he could never give credit to the Toliped and painted
fpeechesoi Pericles \ and could never but give credit tothefim-
ple and naked Exprejpons of Socrates, Hijiory then is to be
fpughtfor , not in the delightful Ca'Z'e or Gro-z/e of the Mufes,
out in that deep and horrid riJetf where /r«^/j lay hid fo long j
yet I denie not but an honeji Ttvom^n may be comly attired , and
Hifioricall narrations may be fweetned with fome Oratoreall
Floivres; but Ne quidnmis: in this the Hijiorian who writes at
large , muft be very fparing , much more he who writes an E-
fitome. Perhaps fome will objeft to me, that ^.H'teromcom-
mends Lime for his Milkie Kivers of Eloquence , the Florvres of
NeSiar , the Marrow of Honey , and the Attic junh^ts that are in
him. To whom I anfwer , That S. Hierom in this Commen-
dation looked upon the Orations and Speeches fet down in that
Hiftory^ rather then on the Hifioricall Narrations themfelves;
Now in thefe fpeeches Scaliger obCerves , that Lic/wplayes the
Poet rather then the Hiftorian,in faftning fuch Eloquent fpeech-
es on thofe who were never guilty of them.
To conclude all , I wifli that Gentlemen who read Hiflories,
may receive the fame benefit in the cure of their fpiritual mala-
dies
The T%8fJC8,
dies by which the Soul is infc£i:€d,thac Aiphon/us K'w^oiSpaifi,
and Ftrdittand^ King of 5'ici/jf, obtained in the cure of their bo-
dily Difeafes-y tor that Health which neither of them could have
from the Fhyfitian , they had from the Hifiorian 5 for the one
by reading of Li<vie^ the other by reading of CurtinSy recove-
red their health again. Now this fpir'ttual h^nc^t they ihall
obtain in Tca.d'wg Hifiories, if they will but diligently obferve
how God hath (hewed his Prefence to the World in all Ages, by
guiding this IJmi/erfe in jHJiice and Wifdom \ by Ptimjhi»g
wicked men in his Anger , and Ketparding good men in his Mer-
cy ; if they will look upon the various Examples of Vertue 3ind
Vice i of Humane Imbectlities^ of various Changes in Kingdims,
States^ and all Go'vermmnts, of the Mutabilitie that is in mens
minds, of the Jnconfiancy in their affedions, of the Cunning and
Faljhood thdX are in Promifes and Covenant3,and the Vanity that
is in all Humane Felicitie : They will truely findcthat there is
no fuch Antidote TiQAm^ the Infedion and Poyfon of Sin, as
che reading of Hi^ori* : And fo I bid tfece farwcll.
A. R © s s E.
A
«lf9 vSfS tHro «ir) talw ifbs n'Ont cflw «Jp ««fi? alw «&> «T» c»» tfTfa «!f:^ «If? ««f? TiCtr^ iitJf5 r^tw ^Jify
tt)^ c4^ cW^ ^t» e^ cJi^* «^ i^*^ *^^ *^ fWWk «*» *aitf» c^tfk jy;a £W» £4» iyj» ojvs ot* c^va <u>
^ SUMMAniE
OF THE
SECOND PART
HISTORY OF THE
WORLD
The Firft Book :
Intreating
F the I'imes from the end of the Mace-
donian ^nsjaome^ till the ^eign of Nerva
the^pman Empero^r; containing zj^yeaf^es.
The Second Book :
bitreating
OF the Times fromNerva the ^oman Emperour,
till the \eign o/Conftantine alone ; containing
zijyeares/
o
The Third Book :
^ Intreating
F the Times from Conftantine the Cjreat , till
Charls the (jreat ; containing dfjGyeares.
A The
The Fourth Book :
Intreating
OF the Times from Charles the ^r eat ^ti /I Vhilip
theEmperour in theirefi^<^ the French Empire
in the Eafi ; containing /^oo jeares.
The Fifth Book:
r-r- Intreating j -
OF the Times from Philip Emperour in the JVep^
and the French Empire in theEaft^ f/7/ Wen-
ceflaus the Cjerman 8)nperom ;contaimngtheHi-
jlory of zoo yeares.
The Sixth Book :
L.
Intreating
OF the Hijlories of the Worlds from theyeare
1400., .
THE
THE CONTENTS
Of the Chapters in the Firft Book of the
Second Part of the
HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
Chap. I.
=■ Antiochus, Eplphanes,
and the ^Qwea under the
Macchabees. Q. Of the
affairs oJEgjTpt and Sy-
ria^ under Ptolemyj Phi-
lometor, Demetrius, Alexander,
and others. 3. 0/Cappadocia,Pontus,
Eithynia, and Afia minor, under A-
riarathesj Attains, See. 4. The laji
Carthaginian py^tr under Scipio, 8cc.
Chap. II.
Corinth is taken. 2. The affairs ofE-
gypt. 3. 7 he affairs of ]vidx2i under
Simon and Hircanus. 4. The affairs
of Syria under Tryphon,Demetrius,
Alexander, 8cc. 5. The Roman IVars
at home^ in Sicily, in Spain, and in
Afia.
Chap. III.
T'iSc Jewifh affairs^ under Hircanus, A-
riftobulus, and Alexander. 2. The
Egyptian affaires under Cleopatra ,
Philometor, 4W Alexander. 3. The
Syrian affairs under Seleucus, Eufe-
bes, Philip, Demetrius, &c. 4. The
Roman Wars with Jugurtha , the
Cimbri, the Thracians, and Sicilian
slaves.
,.- Chap. IV.
■The Civil Wars c/Rome, under Marius,
Sylla, Cinna. 2. T/)e Roman War
vpith Mithridates.
Chap. V.
The affaires 0/ Syria, ww^^er Tigranes.
2.0/ Judaea, aw^er Alexandra. 3. Of
Egyptj under Ptolemy Auletes, &c.
4. //jeSertorian, Spartick, and Mi-
thridatick War , with CatalineV
Confpracie. 5. fompey's aBions ,
and fame Roman faffages about C\-
cero^WiiClodius.
Chap. VI.
Cxfars exploits in Gallia, Germany j
and Britain. 2 . The affairs of K « >me,
under Tompey, Craflus, and Marcel-
lus. 3. Craflus his mifcarriage in
Afia. 4. Some paffages of ]\xdxz and
Egypt. 5. O/Cicero <J»<^ Cato.
Chap. VII.
The fatal Civil war between CxCar and
Pompey. 2. Ca^fars divers Vi&ories
in Theflalia^ Egypt, Afiick, Pontus,
<r«i^ Spain. 3. Pompey's <s^i?^f/',4«^
Csfai's.
Chap. VIII.
The affairs o/Judsa under Antigonus
4«^ Antipater. 2. ihe a&ions of
Odiav\ui in his younger jiears. 3. ihs
anions ^ death oj Caflius i& Brutus.
4. The anions & end t'/Sextus Pom-
peius. 5. The a& ions of AntoniaiiC^
Lepidus.
Chap. IX.
The affairs oft he ]ews ««(^er Antigonus^
Hyrcanus, Herod j and Archelaus.
2. The affairs of Rome and Egypt,
itnder Antonius & Auguftus. 3. 1 he
Birth of CHRIST:, the life and death
tf/Auguftus 5 and the Infurreifions in
Judaea.
Chap. X.
The life and death of Tiberius and Se-
janus , with their Cruelties. 2, The
Baptijme, life and death^ refurreCiion
and afcenjion of CHRIST. 3. How ths
Cof^el began to fpread.
C H A p. XT.
The life and death tf/Caligula; and of
//je Roman ^«i^ Jewilh affairs under
him. 2.Thi life and death fj Claudius^
and of all the memorable accidents in
Rome, Parthia, Judxa, and elfwhere
tinder him. 3. OJTAgrippa^Jwd Anti-
pas. A 2 Chap.
The Contents of the Chapters
Chap. XII.
ihe mckedlife and death of Nero. l.The
affairs <7/Germany, Britain, i'arthia,
a7td Armenia at thtt time. 3. ihe
miferable condition <;/ JudsajGalilee,
Chap. XIII.
ihe affairs oj Rome under GalbajOtho^
Vitelliu?, Velpalian, Titus and Do-
mitian. 2. '1 he uiScr dejtrHCtion of]e^
Yu{a\tm,ii»djidve}y iwpojedon the ob~
jtinatc jcrvu ::;. Svn>c puj ages of Par-
thia, Armenia, and other parts.
The Contentsofthe Chapters in the Second ^Booki
Chap. I. '^ " " " ' ' "
OF the'^k.om^xi affairs under "Nervci,
TrajanjC^ Adrian. 7.0fthe affairs
of Jews and Chriftians during that
time. 'C HAP. II.
ihe f^oman affairs under Antonius Ju-
nius, Antonius Philofdphus, and
C.av[\rx.oS\M.2.T.he affairs of the Chri-
ftians, and of foreign Nations at that
titne. Chap. III.
7he affairs of Rome under Pcrtinax,
Didius, a'ndScverus. 2. Severus his
anions in the Eafi ^ and in Britain.
5. ihe Chrifiian affairs during tk.it
time. Chap. IV.
Tie Roman affairs «»^crCaracaIIa,Ma-
crinus,Heriogabalus<7W Alexander
Philip, Deci.usjGallus, Valerian, Ga-
lienus and others. 2. j he Chr/Jiian^nncl
fcrre/gna_ffjirs of thole times, .
Chap. "VI. ' '" Z:^
The Roman affairs //w./cr Claudius, A u-
relianus, Tacitus, ProbuSj Proculu^,
EonofuSjCarus, Nun.erianus €>^ Ca^
rinus. 2.0/ Zcnobia, and of the Chri'
fi/an and foreign jffa/rr.
C HA P. VII.
The Roman affairs an 'er Diocletian^
Max mianus, Galcriu?, Conliantius,
4«i Max-ntiiis. 7. The horrible per~
Jecution oj Chrijtians under them. 5.
OfihePcr{\dnand forrcign affairs of
thofe times.
Chap. VIII.
2. The affairs <7/Chriftians,Perfians j Of the Roman affairs under ConfVan-
and others during that time, . tinejMaxentiusMaximinns C^ Lici-
Chap. V. nius. 2.0ftheChriJii.mperfecutions^
The Roman affairs under Maximinus,! and foreign affairs during that time.
1 he Contents of the Chapters in the Third 'Book^
Chap. I.
THe life^ a£f ions and death of X2on-
frantine /oe Gn'(tr. 2. Thehifioryof
hisfcurfons. 5. ihe Church affairs un-
der thcfe Emperours.
C H A P. II.
Of Julian,Jovinian,Valentinian,C^Va-
lens. 7.0 f the Church^d^ foreign afairs.
Chap." HI.
t»/Gratianus5Theodofius,Arcadius,Ho-
norius,f>Theodc)Ous the younger. 2 0/
the Goths, Vandals,ii»^ other barbarous
h'ations. 5. ihe Church affairs of thofe
times. Chap, 1\''.
Divers alterations in the hmpire under
TheodofiuSjMartinus, Leo and Zeno.
2. 'ihc il'eftern Empire ruined by the
Goths, Vandals, Hunsrf»i^Heruli. 5.
Divers foreign pa ff ages of thofe times j^''
oft he church affairs.
Chap. V.
T/jcRoman affa:rs under Anallafiusju-
ftinusrfw^/Juftinian. 2.0//AcPerfians^
Goxhs^ and other barbarous Nations of
thofe times. 5 .7 he affairs of the Church.
Chap. VI.
0/Jufl:injTiberius,rf«<^ Mauritius. 2.0f
//iePcrfians,Gc)ths,Longobards3Suev5,
Avares, and others of thcfe limes. ^.The
affairs oft he Church then.
.Chap. VII.
The affairs of the Empire under Phocas
Heraclius; 2, 0/Mahomet and the Sa-
razens. ^^.Ofthe Chitrch^and divers for^
reign pafjages ofthefe times.
Chap. VIII.
The affairs of the Empire under Conf^ans
the 2. Conibntine 4. Juftinian 2. Phi-
lippus Bardanes. Anaftufius 2,€^ Tbe-
odofius 3. 7. The afairs of the Sara-
zens, Longobards, Spaniards, French
and others. 5. The afairs of t l:e Church
in that time.
Chap,
in the Fourth Book.
C ri A p. IX. j C H A p. X.
Tfje Roman dpiirs tmckr Leo thcl bird ^ ^hc ajfairs of the impirc nnck-rLGo^lvQnc
af!clCohi\:\v.unc the fifth. 2. 0/Pi- afulCoui\:^m\nc.2.aff(jnign!fja/ri
pinub, af/ J foreign afjuifs. 3. 'lhi'\ 'under Charles the Grctit. 3, Of the
Ch/nrh-ajjairs ofthfe times. \ 'C.hitrch-jjfairs in thofc ti-K/cs.
The Contents of the Chapters in the
Fourth 'Booki
C H A P. I.
THc affairs of both the Empires , nn-
derC\\?ix\s tn the Wcft^ under Nice-
phoruSjMichaelj^Wi^Leo/w the Eaji.
2 . Of the Nations jfibdued by Charles.
C H A p. II.
ihe affairs of the Empire under Ludo-
vic and Lothai ius /« the l^yeji^ under
Michael BalbuSjTheodofiuSjTheo-
tlora, Michael thefecond in the Eaji,
1 . Eorreign affairs ofthofe times ^ and
■ oft he church.
Chap. III.
jl}e affairs of the Empire under Ludo-
vic the Jh'ondy Carolus Calvus,
Ludovic the third ^ and Carolus
Crallbs in the ff^'cji. and of Esifil'ms in
the Eaji. 2. Of jireign affairs of
thefe times..
Chap. IV.
of Carolus Craftus and Ludovic the
fourth in the H'cji. 2. Of Leo and his
fon Conftantine in the Eaji. 3. of
the affairs of Italy, Germany, Spain,
Scotland, and other paffages of thofc
times.
Chap. V.
7he affairs of \ta\y, Germany, France,
and other neighbouring Countries un-
Jt'j'HenricusAuceps, and Oiho the
Great. 2. The Eaji em affairs under
Conftantine and his fon Romanus.
5. ihe affairs of the Church.
Chap. VL
ihe Ejfiern affairs under Nicepho-
Tus/Phocas, ZimifceSjBafilius, and
Conllantine. i.Ofthc IVefiern^undcr
Otho thefecond. 3. Of the Turks,
and fome other paffages ofthofe times.
Chap. VII.
The affairs of the Wejiern Empire Under
Dtno the third^ Henry thefecond^and
Conx^idw'i the fccond. 2. Divers pafi
;%e J- ((/England, Scotland, Italj',
France, and other parts 0/ Europe.
5. of fome ropes. ■
C H A P. VIII.
■The affairs of the Eajicrn Empire under
Argyropokis, Michael, Calaphates,
Zoe, Theodora, and Monomachus.
2. of the Turks and Popes of thde
times. 3. of the Polonian, Hunga-
rian , Englilh , Scottifh , and other
aff.nrs.
Chap. IX.
The troublefomc affairs of the JP'eff under
Henry the third , and Henry the
fourth. 2. The affairs of Italy^Sp^in^
Portugal, Sicily. 3. The Popes of
thofe times.
Chap. X.
ihe Eajiern affairs under Stratioticus,
Ducas, Diogenes, Michael, Eoto-
niates and Alexius. 2 The Holy-
War^andlOngs oj Jerufalem,<7«<^ tiem
Orders of Knighthood. 3. 1 he a fair s
^/Cyprus, Portugal, England/Scot-
land, and the Eopes of this time.
Chap. XL
The Wejiern affairs under Henry the
fifths 4«i/Lotliarius Duke o/Saxony.
2. The Eajiern under Calb-joannes.
3. The affairs <7/France, Spain, Eng-
land, Denmark, Sec. mth the ropes
of thoje times.
Chap. XIL
A brief Bijiory of Egypt from Au-
guftus till the Turkifh conqwfi.
2. The Wejiern affairs under Frede-
rick Barbarofla. 3. Divers paffages
^f It^ly, Germany,Denmark,4«d' //je
other Holy-war. 4. Divers Occur-
rences^ and the Popes ofthofe times
ivith J bmc paffages of Tartaria,
Chap. XIIL
The Eajiern affairs ?/;;^er Manuel Com-
nenus,Atidronicus,Alexius, Ifaacius
^«i5/ Alexius Angeli. 2. The affairs of
France, Spain, Denmark, Conftan-
tinople, Rome, England .;W Scot-
land in thefe times ^ with divers other
paffages. ^. Henry the 6. Emperour.
A3 The
^^^J^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^clsi^^Ai^
The Contents of the Chapters in the
Fifth ''Book,
Chap. I.
THe troubles <?/ Europe wwierPhilip,
Otto the fourth, andFredenck the
fecond,Emt>erors of theWefi. 2. The
affairs of theV{o\^-Lmd. 3. of the
Danith and other Europian affairs.
Chap. II.
The true ejiate of the Eaflerti Emfire.
1. The affairs of France, Tartary,
Denmark, Poland, England, Scot-
land, Spain, ^«^<?/^i.Tp/<tcc/. 3. '^he
ropes of thefe times.
Chap. III.
Fredericks pofierity. 2. The affaires
of the IVeJiern Empire under Rodul-
-fhxxi^and others. 3. 0/France,Eng-
landj Scotland, and other places.
4. of the Topes of thefe times , and
other memorable things.
Chap. IV..
The Fajicrn affaires , under Michael
Pal^ologus, Androniais the elder
and younger. 2. The Turkifh and
Tartarian affairs. 3. The affairs of
Hungaiy, Poland, Denmark, the
Low-Countries, ch/ejly HoWand^md
the Switzers.
Chap. V.
The affaires of Germany under Adol-
phus, Albertus, Henry the 7. and
Ludovictf/ Bavaria. 2. The affairs
0/ Sicily, Naples, Florence, Rome,
Millain, and other parts of Italy..
with the adjacent Countries^ from the
yeari2^S. till 1 347.
Chap. VL
Ihe Fajiern affaires, under the Palso-
logi. 2. Abrieftiijiory oftheTuxks^
till the year 1 41 2 . 3. The brief Hifiory
oj Sweden, Denmark <J«<^ Norway,
till the fame year 1412.
Chap. VII.
1 he affaires of \vA\y , Germany, Bo-
hemia, the Netherlands, under
Charles then^. <i«i^Wence{Iaus Em-
perours. 2. 7 he wars bctrpcenV emce
and Genua for the IJle c/Tenedos,
from the year 1 349. till i^co.
Chap. VIII.
The lives of the Topes , from th". year^
130 q. till l^S<^. 2. The Hijiory of
Holland and the next Provinces, from
the yeur i 2 9 8. ^7/7 i 404. 3. ihe
Bijiory of Savoy, from the beginning
' ti/ltheyear i^i^y.
Chap. IX.
The French fiory from the year 1313.
till 1 380. intcrvpoven with divers paf-
fages of England , Flanders , Spain,
Gennany, Italy, Sec.
C H A p. X.
A profecution of the French Hijiory
from the year 1380. till 1407.
In which are interlaced divers paffages
of Italy , Flanders, Navar , Africkj
Britany, England, Scotland, Spain
and Hungary.
Chap. XI.
The flifiory of England, interwoven
with fame pajjages of France and
Scotland , from ihe yeare i 3 o I.
till I ^'i o.
Chap. XII.
A profecution of the Englifh ftory^
from the year 1350. till the year
1399.
• Chap. XIII.
The Hijiory of Scotland from the
year 1306. till the year 1377.
Chap. XIV.
A profecution of the Scottifh Hijiory^
from the year 1377. till the year
1400.
The
S 1^ SF> vji Cfj <Ji ip Cfi iji
ftffffffffffffffff
The Contents of the Chapters in the
Sixth and lajt 'Book,-,
Chap. I.
THe affairs 0/ Italy , Germany,
Hungary C^Boheinia,7m^er Wen-
ceflaus, Rupert, Sigifmund, Em-
perours,. 2. The Councel <?/Conftance
and Bafil , veith fame other fajj'ages
front th )'ear I /\fOO. tiil the year 1439.
Chap. II.
The Wjiory of Swethland and Den-
mark, from the year 141 2. till the
year 1587. Of Denmark and of
Swethland, f/ii? 1590.
Chap. III.
Ti&eHT/^tfryo/ Holland, and the neigh-
bouring places ^ from the year 1404^
till 1 514. fpith fome pajffages of
Utticht^ till 1580.
Chap. IV.
The Hijlory of Savoy , and the neigh-
bouring parts^from the year 1 397. till
theyear 1452.
Chap. V.
A profecution of the Savoyan Bijiory,
from the year 1452. till the year
^1503.
Chap. VI.
7'Ae Helvetian H;;^<J7, from the begin-
ning till the year 1 48 1 .
Chap. VIL
A profecution of the Helvetian Hijiory^
tilltheyeari$2i.
Chap. VIII.
of the Helvetian Confederates, till the
year 1602.
Chap. IX.
7'Ae'Swedifli Hiftory^from theyear 1 590.
till the year 16^1.
C H A p. X.
The profecution of the Swedifh H/Jlory
under Guftavus, /rtf«z 1631. till th€
?»idJiofl6^^.
Chap. XI.
The Savoyan Hrftoryfrom theyear 1 504.'
till the year i%2o. ^'
C H A F. XII.
The Hijiory of Hungary, from the hegin^
njng till theyear 1532.
Chap. Xin.
A profecution of the Hungarian Hijiory
from theyear 1532, //Z^ 1629.
Chap. XIV.
The affaires <?/Germany, Hungary, Po-
landjTurky, Bohemia, Auftria, Mil-
lan , Naples, Cyprus , and Eoruffia,
under Albert and Frederick , Empe-
rourSffrom theyear 1438. till the year
1480.
♦
Chap. XV.
The profecution oft he affairs ^/Germany,
Italy, France, Spain, tf«^ the other
neighbouring pluces^underMzx\ir\i\ ian
the Emperour^with the Coronation of
Charls the fifth^ from theyear 14S6,
tiU 1520.
Chap. XVI.
The affairs of Italy, Germany, Nether-
lands, vpith the a&ions of the Popes of
thofe times, and the Councel of Trent,
C^c. under Chzxh the fifths Ferdin-
nandd»(^ Maximilian, //w/? the year
1520,^/^1576.
Chap. XVII.
The affairs of Portugal, Africk, Ger-
many, the Netherlands, Spain, Po-
land, Hungary, Tranfilvania, Bohe-
mia,
miajRufsiaj Venice, d"f. under Ko-
dulphus2. Empcrofir^fromthe jieare
Chap. XVIII.
7he affairs of Germany » Denmark^
Swedeland, Holland , R-ufsia, Italy,
Hungary , Bohemia , Tranlilvania,
Poland, Grifons, France, Switzers,
<^c.tt«<a'er Matthias & Ferdinand 2.
Em per ours ^ pom the year 1012. till
1626.
Chap. XIX.
^continuation of the Hiftory (?/Germa-
ny, Denmark, Swedeland, Holland,
PolandJtaly,C^f. Mwifcr Ferdinand 1 .
from the year 1626. till the end of
1630.
Chap. XX.
A continuation of the ajjairs o/Turky,
Periia, Egypt, Greece, Armenia and
other adjacent p.trtj,««ierMahomet i
Arnurath 2. Mahomec 2. Bajazet
and SclymuSj/w/z? the year 1^12. till
1520.
Chap. XXI.
7he Turkidi Hijiory under Solyman, Se-
]ymus,Amurath 5. Mahomet ^. Ach-
mat, Muftapha,Ofman,^«'5/ Amu-
rath 4. pom the year 1 520. till the end
of 16:^6.
Chap. XXII.
Jhe affairs of France, under Charls6.
Chails 7. and Lewis 1 1 . from the year
1^07, tili the year 1485. interwoven
mth the Hijiory <?/ Burgundy, ando-
ther bordering places.
Chap. XXIII.
Ihe profecution of the Yxcnch Eijiory
under Charls 8. Lewis 1 1 . Francis i .
Henry 2. Francis 2. Charls 8. Hen-
ry 3.Henry 4,Lewis i^^.from theyear
i483.r/// 1 633ap/)em?/ the lives of the
ropes^the affairs (>/Italy, Spa\t\,and
other bordering Countries are touched.
Chap. XXIV.
A profecution of the Englifh Hiffory, un-
der the ragns of Henry 4. Henry 5.
. andiiem-y 6. from the year i^t^i^. till
theyear 1460. containing divers paf-
fiigcs of the French rt«^ Scots affairs.
Chap. XXV.
A profecution of the Scottifh Hijiory nu-
derKobertDul{e <?/Albany andMar-
do Earl o/Fife Governours ^ alfo un^
der James i. James 2. Kings^from ths
year I /^oo. tillthe year 1^60.
Chap. XXVL
ihe Englifli Hijiory under King Edward
4. Edward 5. c^ Richard ^. from the
year 1460. till theyear 1485.
Chap. XXVIL i
The Englifh Hijiory under the reigns of
KmgHenry 7. andHenry S.from the
year i^S$,ttl/ theyear i')/\B.
Chap. XXVIIL
The affairs of Scotland under king James
g. ii«<^James4. fi''^'^ '^^ y^^^ i43o»
till the year 1515.
Chap. XXIX.
The Scottifh Hijiory , under king James
5. and his young daughter queen Mary,
from theyear 1 5 1 3. *rZ^ 1 544.
Chap. XXX.
A continuation of the Scottifh Hijiory
under the two Regents , Hamilton &
the ^een Mother , from i^^^.tili
15^0.
Chap. XXXL
The continuation of the Englifh Hijiory
under kjng Edward 6. ana s^ueen Ma-
xy^ from they earl'!, ^6. tiU i$$d.
Chap. XXXIL
Tie Englifh Hijiory^ intervpovenvoith the
Hijiory tf/Spain, Franccjreland, and
Netherlands,««<^er g^een Elizabeth,
from I'i'yQ. till 1602.
Chap. XXXIII.
The Hijiory of Scotland under ^eett
Mavy^ from theyear 1 560. till theyear
1567.
Chap. XXXIV.
A continuation oft he Scots Hijiory under
2C/;i^ Jameis 6. from 1 567. till 1602.
Chap. XXXV.
The hijiory <?/England and Scotland fO'
get her ^ from the comming in of King
James to be fole Monarch of the
rvhole Ijland f from the year 1602. till
1625.
Chap. XXXVL
A continuation of the hijiory <?/ Great-
Britain, under King Charls j from the
yearl62$. till theyear 1641.
^A T^« ys 7^ »^
imW3MM$M$M
U'^rr
#^
'm'^:^m§.'^W.'^
Of llich Hiftonans and Chronologers , which
iire madeufe of in the compiling of the enfuing H i s T o r i e.
Mmianns Marcellinm.
Venerable Bede , a Saxon-
Prcsbytcr, wrote many lear-
ned books, among the reft
five books of the Hiftory of
his own Nation : He lived
about the year 731.
• Fkvm Blondtis an Italian ; He was Se-
cretary to Pope Eiigenm 4. He wn tc the
Roman Hiftory from the year 407. till the
ycare 1400. He lived about the yeare
1440.
- He^or Eoethiui a Scotifh-man,lJved about
I ■^00. in the Univeriity of JberJen, and
Wrote 17 Books ofthe .^wf; Hiftory , with
a Defcription of Scotlmd znd its Kings.
C.Julm CjefctT wrote 7 Books of thcGd//ic
War, the 8. was wiitten by f/ird/^r. Of the
Civil war with Pom^ey 3 Books. Thefe were
printrd at Venice and Baftl, an. 1521.
GeorsjM Cedrenus a Greek Hiftorian,wrote
a compendious Hiftory from the Creation
till the year ofChrift 1057. He lived about
the year 1070. ^
Marcu! Ant mm Cocciiis SaheBcttf , lived
about the year i^oo.His works are priilted
in 4 Tomes : in the firft is his Hiftory from
♦he' Creation , divided into 5 Enneads or
Nines, that is 45 Books ; in the fccond,
is die Continuation of the Hiftory by fixe
Enneads the laft of which hath but 2 Books,
4p. that there are but 47 Books, there is alfo
in this Tome the Venetian Hiftory; in the
tiihd are 29 Books , and in the fourth
jp Books of Examples : he wrote alfo di-
vers other Traftatcs.
P(IhZw Viacoms of /4(j«i/da, was Secretary
jto Deftderius King of the Longobards, zt what
.time he was taken by Charles tlie CTJeat,who
<)Verthrew his Kingdom, ibout the year of
Cfirift 774. He wrote 6 Books of the af-
fairs of the Longobards , and fome think he
wrote thofe Bo9k.s of tbe Roman Hiftory ,
«vhich are anflc'^^ed to the Hiftory of Eu-
Evagrius Scholajikus , wrote , the Ecclefi-
aftique Hiftory in 6 Books i begin jng where
^ff eme« eflck^djtillthe 1 2. y?ar oiMMritius
the Emperour j. at)out the^jear , <?£ Chrift
.597- '■' > ■• . :: '.■'--. - ; ■ ■■-'
. EHfebius-.Pam^hjli Bifhop ofC£fafia;}{e
lived in the time of Conjiantine the Great,
whofe life he wrote in 4 Books ; he wrote
^to 10 Books of the Church-Hiftory ,
bcfidcs a Clironicle , and fome other
works.
Eutro^ius Presbyter , wrote i Book of
Chronologie, and 10 Books of the Roman
Hiftory, printed by Aldus at Venice.
L. AntuHS Florns lived in ihe time of iF/rt-
drianindlrajan. Hcwiote 4 B>. oks of the
Roman Hiftory : Some thioK he was the
Abreviatcr of Livy.^ which is unlikely,
becaufc he recedes from him in divers paC-
fages ; He is by fome called Seneea^und fome
think that Seneca the Philolbphtr wrote
this Story ; but the diverlitie offtile, times
and other circumftincts ftiew the contrary.
Herodian lived in the timcot M./4;ito«i;a<f
Emptrour ; he wrote the lives of 13 Em- .
pefours, in 8 Books.
Rtgerus de Hoveden, wrotrtwo Books of
EnglilL Annas, ending at King Jo/)«, who
rcigufd about the year 11^9. Roger lived
about the year 11 90.
Flavius Jofephus a Pricft at .leruftrkm ,
comniing to Keme , wrote 7 Books o- the
Jtv\'ifti wars, §c 20 Books of thdr A'uiqui-
ties , from the Creation till the 14. year of
Domitian, and 2 Books againft ^;>f»io;j the
Grammarian. Thefe books of thejewi/h
wars,Antiquities, and againft A[>,'ion, were
fiiftprintcclin Latine at Venice, an. 1499.
and in Greek at £a/i/, rf«. 1 54^.
Ifldor Biftiop oiSivil, who died about the
year 636. He wrote many books, among
the reft, an Univcrfal Chronicle, a Chro-
nicle of the Goths , the Hiftory oF the Van-
dals, the Hiftory of the i'MTOi, of theEccleli-
aftique writers. Sec.
litiiS LiviHs Patavinus, wrote 3 Dec?ds of
the Roman Hiftory , bcfides other Peeccs :
his,works were printed in 2 Tonus in /o/.
Waiiam of Malmesbury an Engl'fh Monk>
who lived about theyrar 1130. Contem-
porary with S.Eernard,Peier Abbot oiClunyj
HugodeSando VUlore, & Ricbarduf de Sanaa
ViUore. He wrote 5 Books o^" the EngliOj
Kings till Henry the firft,ai.d 5 Books of the
Englifti Biftiops, with fome other Hiftorical
Traftates.
lohn Mmr a Scotifh-man , lived about
1500. and besides other books, he wrote
thcHiftory QfGredt-Brit(fi«. \..\\,
Mrtfifli/w.^^cofw lived about the year 10S3*
He was a Monk, and wrote a Chronicle
from the Creatfon'till the year loS^- ,
Ca} ^artims
A Catalogue^&c.
For the Chronologie, thefe have
been chiefy conj kited with.
Bellarmini Chrcnologia.
Cdvifu Chromlogia.
J)avidis Chytrjii Chromlogia.
Gilbertm Genehrardui, the Kings Profeflbr
of Divinity and the Hebrew tongue at Tariff
wrote four Books ofChronographi:, with,
divers other peeces.
lacGordonii Lefmorei Chronologic.
Helvki Chromlogia.
Ifaacfori's Chronologie.
■ With fome others.
OBob. 2.1. 1(55 I.
Imprimatvr, '
>■«■■ "Hit
T HE
Chap^i.
The Second Part
O F X H E
VNIVERSALL HISTORY
I,
OF THE
WORLD.
THE FIRST BOOKE,
INTREATING
Of the times from the end of the M ^ C £ D 0 N7 ^ N
KINGDOME, tiUtheRcigneof N£RF^
theROMANEMPEROUR, containing ^73. years*
Chap, I,
of Antiochus Epiphancs , and the I ewes under the Macchabees. 2. of the <«/-
f Aires ^/Egypt .md Syria, under Ptol. Philomctor, Demetrius, Alexander,4«</
ethers. 3. o/Cappadocia,Pontus,Bithynia, ^«</Afiaminor, »Wer Ariarathes,
Attalus, c>rf. 4. T/;tf/«i/? Carthaginian ^4r »Wf r Scipio,&c,
Ntiechns Epiphanes (as we fliewed in the end of the firft part Q >j *
of this Univcrfall Hiftory) having fubmitted hinafclte to ^^^0*
the Romans and left Egypt y he returns into -4/?^,vvhcre hec
fhewed himfelfe to be £/>//> ^4iUfj-, or illuftrious in nothing
but in wickedneffe^and indeed Epimanes a madde man-, for
he gave himfelfe to all kindeof fcurrility, riot, gormandi-
zing, cruelty, oppreffion, facriledge, hee robbed the Tem-
ple of lerufalem , beat down the walls of the City, made
the lews to offer Sacrifice to the Heathen Gods , dedicated
the Lords Altar to lupjter olympim -^ burned the Holy Scriptures,tortured -e/f**-
:(^r the Scribe being 90 years old, and his Brethren, and perpetrated many hor-
rid ads, murthering and captivating incredible multitudes oi lews. This monltcr
of men, notwithf^andin?, the Sammtam in hatred of the /fs'^ honoured with di-
vine titles-, which caufed Jii^rM/^ the Priefl, and one of the ^//4«!<?»m« family,
to beftirre himfelfe, who having killed a lew for polluting himfelfe with idolatry,
5oaflembled a multitude of his kindred and alliance, and all fuch as loved God and
their Countrey, who brake downethe profane Altars, circumcifed cliildren, and
by degrees fetlcd the true Religion, but Matthias growing aged and unfit for afti-
on, gave the charge of the Army to Ifidas Maccabeus his fon,and appointed Simon
to look to the State.
jipoUonins the Kings favourite having invaded Iiidea^ was by Judas overthrown o oO 7.
and flain:fo was Seron the Governor of 5vr;.',to whom fucceeded Z-7/i<w,who fends
an army of 40000. foot & 7000 horfe againfl ludea under the condud oi Ptolemy^
Ji Gorgias
2 The fecond Tart of ths Bo.ok. i^
A T\A Gor'4!'-<s^andNjo^ricrt, IrcJjs with 3000 fals fuddcnly on Gorgiis his campe,
yi. IVl* chirnTclfe being then abfcnt) which he burnes and fpoils , fo that Gorguts was
3809.
3813.
3816.
forced ro forlake ludea^ Lyjias fends a new Army of 600G0 horfe and foot,
which Iidas with loooo' overthrew, killed 5000 of -the enemies, and ob-
tained a great booty-, then hee began to purge the Temple which was left de fo-
late three" years. He repairs the Lords Altar, appoints p iefts, keeps the feafl
ofDedication, and gards the Temple whh fouldiers, that the pritfts might not
behindredintheir fundions: but^hearing of great ;prcparations againft him, by
thtEdoTfiitss , Sidoinaas^SjriMs^ K^-rKm^mitesy^md Arab, tins ■^xti^^YC'^ to hinder
their combination. Therefore he firfl fals upon the Edomitcs andfubducs them: 10
then he invades the Ammomtes^ and Arabians^ and fends Simon againft the theni-
cims -, in the interim leaves lojefhm.^ and ^:(^/Jr/«*f to goverpe Wm, with acharge
not to hazzard their army upon a battcll •, but they being more forward then wife,
would needs befiege /';»?«■ ^, wlitxt Gorgias brake out luddcnly upon them, and
routed them with the lofleofacoo. AiJtiochtishc\x\% difgracefully repuUed by
his owne fubjefts, as he was going to plunder the Temple of Dt^md Eljtnais ,
and hearing c^ the great loffes his armies had received in ludca^ fals defpe-
vately {ick,and dieth,having reigned 12. years,to whom fucceeded his fon Eh f at or ^
a childe. • ; ' . . 'i , ■ \ '
L)fi^s who took upon Him the government of the young King, invades lu- 20
dca with ari army of loo.thoufand Foot, 20009. Hmie, and 32. Ekphants,
• heU:akes in Btt\uraj then befiegeth TerrifaUm-^ hi\i hearing that Fkl/j ( whom
iY' ;'/^«»f J- on his death-bed had appointed governour) wis- now fctledin y^»-
tloc/j, and meant,to rule the kingdome, cauleth the young King to make peace
with the lewes^ which was performed, and /«^/?^ proclaimed Prcfident, who put
to death 3/:^«Ai«f the pricft, the chief plotter and caufe of thefe laft warresjto
whom fucceedcd ^/c/»///4- in the priefthoodi.: but two years after the death oiEpt^
ffhtnes^ ^Ef/pator and L'^jfi.n were both flain by their owne fervanfs, after that
their army had revolted toDfwe/r/w, the fon of "Sf/f/za/i, who being anhoftage
atiJtfw^', came fuddenlyinto Syria^ and fcifed upon Tr.foli<, and claimed the 30
kingdome in fhe rigiitof his Father if /c'/f/sw, v.'hocamcby the elder fon of ^»-
tiechm the great. In the mean while Alcmui acculed /«-^;«f of rebellion, and cau-
fcd Demetrtia to fend an army under his condud and iV/tr^w^rx againft Indus 5 this
army ludas overthrew, and fo was made high prieft by the people , and then
enters into league with the /i r'wz^/'/j, but the next year he was overthi*Bwne in a
battell by Bauh.des and flain •, whofe death was the occafion of much mifery
and oppreffion in ludea. His people for whom he had done fo much,treacheroufly
foribok and left him to be facrificed by his enemies, and fo multitudes flocked
to Bacch. des^ who by him being put into offices, ulcd all the cruelty they could up-
on the friends and followers of ludai. /j.o
loKathjts IS then made Governour by the people, who in a battell upon the
fabbath day was fet upon by Bacchides^ the fight was fierce, Bacchides loft a 1000
men. Ioriathai\mx.h.[\is army efcapcdto the other fide o't lordar?^ in the mean
wKxltBacchides fortifies -C«^/;f//, G/i:(^, and lertcho^ with other townes, lonathas
plundered the /^/»2(?r//a for kilUng Ins brother ]ohi. Akmius the prieft, as he
was going to pull down a wall within the Temple, was fuddenly flruck with a
palfie and dyed. Bi'Cchides returnes to King Bemstriiu and jcnathas lived quiet-
ly for two years; inwhichtim.eaplot againft him was deteded, and 50 of the
plotters were put to death. Upon this his enemies invite Bacchidcs again into
judea^ upon hopes of an eafie viftory, but he found fuch ftrong oppofition and 50
harfli entertainment by jonathas and Simon, that in a rage he fell upon thofe that
fent for him,and put many of them to death; and then makes peace with jenatktf,
who for four years lived quietly and governed J«i«/m.
About this time Ptolorme Fhilometor^ who had been driven out of his king-
dome by his younger brother, is reftored againe ; and an agreement concluded,
that one of the brothers fliould reign in fi^^j/'^, the other in Cjrene^ in the mean
while Artarathes King of Cappadoc/a dicth, he had one fon Mithridates^ wlio di-
ed
Chai\i» HtftoryoftbefVorld.
cd young, but his two liippoikicious Ions /^rMM//>;j- and Olof ernes who conten- ^ ]\/f
dedfor the kingdome, Demttrim afliftcd olofernes and made him King. But ' '
xhc Romans took part with Ariarnt(-es^ and eftabliflied him mhis kingdome in
Ipite oiDtwctriMJ. About which time C. M.iritu the Conful fubdued the DalmH'
tta//s, for mole fling tb.c ///^rw/-//, confederates oi x\\c Remans -^znA they were at
laft totally conquered by C<>r. Najiiathc Conful. About this imie i'/'^/« rebelled
againft the Romans^ and Antioch againft Demetrius for his tyranny, invitint^ Alex»
Arider who called himfclf the fon of Jf/tiochm^ and claimed in right of his fa-
ther the kingdome of 5jyrw. Hewasallifted by Ptolemy King ot ^gjpt^ Aria-i^
^Q rat hes King oi'Cappaaocia^ and Attains Kin2,oiAjia who fucceeded his brother
£«wf/?rf, that had reigned almoil: 50. years. y4/f,Y/iWcr having all this ftrength, ♦
and the affiftance alfo ot Jomthas^ whom he declared liigh prieft 5 two great
battels were fought, in the firfl: Alexander was worfted, but in the fecond he
obtained the vidory ; in which Demetrius Soter or Sa-vttur^ fo called 3§22
for the juftice he did upon Hernclides and TtmarchHs^ ( the two great oppreflburs ^
ot Babylon) loft both his life and kingdome, >i/(rx<i;;^cy marryedihc daughter of
Ptolemy Philemetor.
Pf»;f^r?»j5<;/(f;'hadtwofons,theeldeft called alfo Demetrius was invited by
Afollomus governour of Calojyna^ to take up armes againft Alexander^ who gave
JO himfclfe to all kind of luxury. This Demetrius \ia.vm% the afliftancc of the Cretans^
comes fuddenlyinto Sjna^ but was overcome by Jonathan, and loft 8000 of his
men 5 Jomthas takes in Afca^m and Joppa, burnes A'^otus to the ground,and over-
throvves the Idol DagorrSov which good ferviccs he is highly rewarded by Ale^att-
der. S hortly after this, Prufias Kmg of Bithjnia (who fawning upon the Romans 2 8 Q 8*
kiffed the threlhold of their Scnat^calling the Fathers his Gods) was for his wicked
life flain by his owne fon Nicomedes^ being affifted by Attains King aiPergiontts^
■ Frttfias indeed had intended to have flain A iccmedes, and to have let up his other
the Romans had fent three Embalfadors to reconcile the father with his fon.
Thefe were the three which C^/^^ faid, kad neither head, feet, nor heart, becaufe
apthe one had many fcarres in his head, the other was gowty,and the third was none
of the wifeft.
/'/(j/<r;w)r was much incenfed againft j^/fxW^r his fon in law for his tyrannic
anddilTolute life. Wherefore he comes into 5^n4 with a great army, pretending
he meant to defend Alexander againU his enemies, the gates of the cities arc
opened tobim, fo that all the feacoaft even to Seleucta is delivered up <to him,
then having taken his daughter C/^^j/r^, and beftowed hetupon Demetntts^hc
cntred ^»f/<>^^ and put both the Crownes of 5^n(j and i'^jf f on his head. Alex-
ander brings an army out of Ctlicia^ but is overcome and fiyeth to Arabia -^diX
his fouldiers revolting to Demetrim^ Zabdiel or Diecles a prince of that countrcy,
MQ cut off his head, and fent it to Vtolemy^ who not long after dyed, whileft the
Chirurgians were curing of the wound he had received in his head. Hec
reigned thirty five years, to whom fucceeded his younger brother King of
Cjrene.
The third zndhH. Carthaginian warre was bccafioncd by the difference be- 282 3*
n\ccnJidafam(faznd C<ir//A7^f about fome lands. The ^^ew.i/^j would have recon-
ciled the differer.ce, and MafantJJa, was willing for peace fake to yeeld up his right.
But'fuch was the pride of Carthage^ that they would hearken to no reafon : befides,
againft the articles of peace, they had prepared an army and fleet. Gifco^ Amil-
frtr/fon, was a great ftickler,and caufcof this war, and fo incenfed the people
50 againft if ^wf, that the Roman Ambaffadors were fain to flye, for fear of aftronts;
The Roman Senat was much exafperated againft Carthage^ytt by the perfwafidn of
P. Cor. Najica^ ten Ambaffadours are fent thither to try, if tjicy would hearken
to reafon-, the wars in Sp/t/» at this time, made the Romans the lefTewilhng toi
j^narrcll w^ith Carthage^ The Ambaffadors returning to Rome acquainted the
Senat wuh the preparations of Crfrf^rf^tf both by land and fea^ wherefore war
is denounced agamffCrfr/A4^f^ and it was debated in the Senat, whether that city
Ihould be utterly deftroyed or not. Naftea would have it refcrvedjfhcwing it fuited
B2 not
TheJecoKdpartof the Book I.
'2~]Ur notwitli policy to dcftroy that place, which exercifed the R0ma» forces, and
^'i^^' i^cpt their armcs from rufting-, nor was itconfonantto the clemency oi Rome^ to
dcitroy and undoe luch mulutudcs of people. ButCi/o told the Senat, that fo
long as C.irthnge Hoo^.^ iJc/we could never befecureand quiet-, this opinion pre-
vailed. Asfoonas the war was proclaimed, Vtica. fubmitted prefently, and fo
did Carthage ^dtYivtxm^ up their iliips and towncs, which L. Martim^ and M.Man-
litis Conluls, burned m liie fight of Carthage. Then command was given that
all the chief citizens fliould depait from Carthage^ and build them a city lo
miles off frcm thefea. This command was rejcded, and fo they all rcfolved to
defend thcmfelves and city •, upon this the Confuls fet down before it, and onid
all fides fo beficgeit, that no provifion of come could be brought into it, ma-
ny skirmiflies, ailaults, and eruptions there were, in which xh^ Romans were
fomctimes worftcd •, fometimes the Carthagtmam : this war was managed chiefly
by P. Scipio JEn/iluif.ta^ the fon of Amilim^ but adopted by Scipo the fon
of that Safieviho overthrew Hamihl.'X):i\s P. Scifio Mmilius had done good fer-
vice in S;?^;//-, where he obtained a murall or wall crowne, and being Tribune of
the fouldiers, advanced the Roman caufe much in Africa. He was chofen Con-
ful younger then was ufuall. After the Carthaginians both men and women
had fought ftoutly in their owne defence,at laft they yeelded. The women had
fliewed luch courage that they cut ofFtheir hair, and made ropes thereof for the 20
warhke engines.
This city hadftoodyoo years, it was 24 miles in conapafle : the caftlc called
Byrfa,held out fome -time after the city was taken. This laft Carthaginian war
felloutin the 604 year of Rome, the 52 year after the fecond Punick war, and
lafted 4. years ; they procured their own deftrudion by fending an army againfl;
their articles of peace of 5 8000 men in Mafam^^'i country, which army was de-
ftroyed by famine, and the forces of that old King, for he was 94 years old
when he dyed, at 86 he had a fon, andufed to goe bare-headed in all weathers.
Before the city was taken Sf/fwgave way to all that would to be gone: 50
thoufand departed. AJdrnbaKyxhmmtd himlelfe to the Confuls mercy, but his 30.
wife with her two children flung themfclves into the fire, which burned for 17.
dayes together, before it could be quenched. When Sctfio faw Carthage on fire,
he wept, repeating that rerfe, IlU dies veniet cum fat& Troia feribit-^ andprc-
faging that the like calamity might befall Rome it felf^ as it did under Tetila the
Goth, 700 years after. Mafani^as kingdome was parted between his three fons
Myciffa^ Culnjfa^znd lAanajtahelis^y the advife of Scipo^Viho by the old King was
chofen arbitrator for that purpofe.
Chap. II. 40
I. Corinth is taheit. i.Theaffmes of Egypt. ^.7he affair es''>of ludea. under Si-
mon .w<::/Hyrcanus. 4. 7he affaires of Syria under TryphonjDemetriuSjAlcx-
ander, &c. 5 . The Roman rvars at home^m Sicily^ in Spain,and in Afia.
T He fame year proved fatall as well to Corinth, as it did to Carthage. The
Achjeans and Boetians 50. years after Greece was made free by Tit.Flami-
»/«f, rebelled againft the Romans, to whom the Spartans had complained of the
wrongs done them by the Achceans : Ambaffadors are fent from Rome to Greece,
todiffolve the confederacy of the Achajans, and to reftorc every towne to itsli-jo
berty ; which fo madded the Ach^eans that they fell upon the Spartan agents,
plundred them,and being fled into the Roman Ambaffadors lodgings for fandu-
ary,were thence violently drawn out & beat, fo that the Ambadadors thcmfelves
were in fome danger. Cy/f^/4«f the Achean pretor gathers great forces together,
which Mete/Im who then had the charge of Macedonia quickly difperfedana flew,
the Pretor himfelf in his flight was drowned in the fords. Piaw the next Pre-
tor
Chap 2. Hijiory of the World- r
tor iindcitook the war , againft whom L. Uimmim the Conful marchethwith~^ 71 >f
25GC0 foot, 3000 and 500 horie : the Achxans had not about 14000 foot and *
6go horfe, who were quickly cut off by the Romans in the prefence of 'their
wives and children, niitfis having firft killed hisowne wife, poifoned him-
felfc. Mctcllus had taken in Thebes and Megara, and was now las mg ilecre to Co-
rinth:but Mtmm/iis lends him mto Macedon,and fits down befoie Corinth which
atlaft he took by ftorme and burned ; all were put to the fword except women
and children, which were openly fold in the market. The chiefe ornaments and
monuments of this rich city, were tranfportcd to Rome, fuch abundance of crold
lofilver, and brafleftatucs were melted in that conflagration, that meeting all toge-
ther made up a mixt mettle called the Corinthian bra{re,and of greater efteem at
Rome then gold. All the other cities were by the Conful dilarmed andunwal-
led. Arid fo now ended the liberty ofGreccc, which became a province, and had
a Pretor fent from Rome, being called the Pretor of Achaia,n6t of Greece becaufe
Achaia had the principality when Greece was fubdued. This fell out the 160. :?828,(
Olympiad. ^52. years after the building of Corinth by hales [ono( jjitf-
fdtes.
After thefe great vid:ories over Carthage and Achaia, the Romans by degrees
falling from their ma fculine Vertues, gave themfelves over to cafe, luxury and
20 magnificent buildings. In Afia, Egypt, and Syria, both princes and people
became extreme diflblute and profane. In Egypt after the death oiV'hilometor
P^y/ir^/'jfo called from (ft,v«;, the great gUt (becaulche had fo great a belly that
he could not ftand or walk without aftaffe)'fucceeded King, and called himfelf
Vt0lomteEuerg€tes^ but by the Alexandrians he was named and that defer vedly
THaxi^yi-nf fot his wickcd life : he had a good fchoolc-mafter, to wit, Anjtarchftt
the i>amothracian,a famous Grammarian •, and he wrote fome books himfelfe.
But became fuch a tyrant, that his fubje<fls weary of his cruelties fell upon his
houfe,and burned it to the ground: he fled away in the dark to Cyprus. Cleo~
//i/M his wife and fifler is proclaimed Queen of Egypt* upon this Vhyfcon divor-
jocethher, and marries with hisowne daughter^ he murthers his fon which he
had by her, and fends his head, hands and feet, for a prefent to the mother
whom he refolves to perfecute with open war : here we may fee what diffe-
, rence there was between this monfter, and his brother VhAemetor^ who kindly
entertained Omas the high prieft:s fon, and gave him leave to ered in Heliopolis.
a Temple, no iefle magnificent then that of Jerufalem, and puniflied the Samari-
tans for building a Temple at Garizim contrary to the hz\fo(Mcfes.
DemetrtHs Nicmorxhc fon oi Demetrius ^ having recovered his fathers king-
dome of Syria, hecaufed ]er)athasxhc^nt&. and captain ofthejewes, to give
off the ficge of Sion 5 and permitted to him the government of Samaria, Ga-
4oiilee, and Joppc: but he became infolcntwith too much profperity-, he disban-
ded his old native fouldicrs,and retained the Merccnarics,which give offence to
Dtodotm his Generall, who perceiving how divers cities weary of the Kings cru-
elty began to fall off from him, caufed^»^i>fA»f the fonofy4/ex4Wfr,whowas
the fon of Epfhanes^ to be fent for out of Arabia, and fets him up, having in
abattell overthrown DfWf/r/«j, and driven him into Cilicia. He imployesthe
help of the two brothers ]onathas^ and Stmon^ who had done good fervicc for
Demetrius at Antioch,and by their affiftancc he drives out of Gaza, Bethzura,and ^g/jQ":
all Galilee, Demetrius his commanders. In the mean while ]onathas fortifies Ju- ^ ^ '
dea, and renewesthe Covenant with the Romans and Spartans. But Diodotus
50 otherways called Tr-jfh on ^Adixons to be King himfelf, refolves to make away with
young Antiotbus^ and fearing the greatncfl'e of ]onathas^ whofe affedion was
true to the young King, perfwadeshimto disband his forces, and come to Pto-
lemais ^ whither when he came , he was feifed upon , clapt up in pri-
fon, and his guard being a 1000 fouldiers were all flain^ At lafl having trea-
cheroufly murthered both Jow4f)f>^, and yonn^ hntiochus ^ made himfelfe
King of Syria: hecaufed the young King to be cut of the ftonCj pretending he
died under the cure.
B 3 Sitfiim
'Yhefecond fart of the B o o k i .
A jVi S/OT^winthe government of Judea fucceeds to ^eadthAs: he obtaines the fa-
•^* ^^^' MomoiDmetriHs, takes in the tower and garrifon of Sion, overcomes Gaza,
^8^2. and made his fon ///rcdww; Generall of his forces, andfo advanced the Jewifli
affaires, that after Dsmetrms they never admitted any Macedonian to reign
overthem. Inthemeantime D-Wf/r/wfuffering Trj/'/w/^for a while to reign in
Syr!a,made war againft the Parthians,who under Mitlmd-ites their King, had fub-
dued the Bactrians,Medes,ani Elimicans^ extending their Monarchy from the hill
Caucalus to Euphrates. Therefore 'Defnctrms by the help of the Perfians,GreekSj
Elimsans, and Bactrians, did in divers battels overcome the Parthiansrbutat
length under pretence of peace he was taken and carried in the fight of thole cirks lo
which had revolted from him , to be laughed at : then he was (ewt to Hyrcania
where he was well ufed.
jrypho/'S luxurious life and goverrunent began to be wearifotne to his foul-
dicrs;, therefore they fell off from Kim to Cleopatra the wife of Demetrius z,ihc
was then at Seleucia with her fons, and imployed h.rniochm the brother of her
captive husband,to purfue Trjphon with an army-, which he did in hope to get both
the kingdome and the Queen to boot. He ovcrthrowcs Trjphon dnvcs him out of
upper Syria,nnd (huts him up within the CaffleDora. But eicaping thence to Apa-
mea he was flain,having reigned 3 years in Syria. Antiechus torgctfull of the aflOt-
ftancc he hadfrom Simon the Jew,againft his enemy,fcnt Cendehcus to fubduc Ju- zQ
dea.but Simon overthrew him,having fentagainil: him an army of 20000 men un-
der the condud; of his two fons JW.ff,and }ohn^{o that Cendebetts was forced to flie
n Q into the Caftle Cedro : but Simon was trcachcroufly murthered at a fealt, by his
3^3 fon inlaw Ptolomie whom he had made governour of Jericho. Simons \v\ic
and two Ions were alfo put in chains ^ Hircams or John the third fon efcaped by-
times, who fucceeded to his father and drove the parricide out of Judaa. Upon
the death c^Simon^ Antiochns Soter, { fo called from preferving of Syria, and Se-
detes from his country j befieged Jerufalem, and m it Hjrcamis^ fo that there was
great famine in the city, being the 7'''- year wherein the land reited from tillage.
And the feaft of Tabernacles being come, Hjreanus obtained truce for feven daycs 30
oi Antiochtis^who fent thither alfo to the feaft bulswith guilt homes, gold and
filver goblets full of fpices : and made a great feaft for the fouldiers,wherefore he
\v3iSC^\rius. Hycanusin retaUation oflo great favours, pay eth tribute to JntiO'
. chus : He takes out o^ Davids fepulchre 3000 talents : with five hundred of thefc
he buyeth his peace ,with the reft he hireth fouldiers, which he imployes for the
Kings fcrvice againft the Parthians^and there having overcome the Hyreanians, he
obtained the name of //)fr<-rf/«w.
Demttrius Ntcanor being weary of his private life,though he lived plentifully and
like a prince, having tnarryed the daughter of Jrjaces, King of Parthia: yet as
foon as his father in law was dead, he endeavoured to fliye into Sym,but Phraa-/^
ffjthefucceflbrof Jrfaces^ fent a troop of horfe who overtook him lahis jour-
ney and brought him back to his wife; a ftronger guard then was fct over him,
yet he efcaped again,and was retaken-, and reproved : and to let him fee his childifh
kvity, the King prelcnts him with fome golden dice, or hucklc bones to play
withall. In this interim, A ntiochus with an army of 800 co men expert foul- '
diers, befidcs cooks, bakers, skullions a multitude, invades the Parthian, and
having fought three battles, obtains a great vidory, and takes in Babylon. Di-
vers of the eaftern Princes being weary of the Parthian government, fubmitted
themlelvesto him, fo that the Parthians were confined within their ancient
^ bounds. Inthe meantime P^A-^^?^^ fends Dtmetrins with fome Parthian forces 50
in Syria, purpofely to draw hntiochus into his owne countrey, which was now
in danger, hntiochus had quartered his army in divers cities t, which being of-
fended with the burthen of free quarter, and the fouldiers infolencies, revolted
from him to the Parthians, and falling on the difperfed fouldiers, killed them. A«-
f/cc^as^ hearing of this, marcheth with fuch forces as he could at that rime raife,'
and encountrcth with the Parthian King : but being forfaken by his fouldiers
he was flain. PMw^fibeftowed on the dead body princely obfcquics, and mar-
ried
ChA»'» 2« Hiftory of the V/orld
ried with the daughrer ot Demetrius^ whom hnticchushzd brought alont^ with// l\/i
him. f/^rA^/fj repenting that he had fentaway Demetnm, wouFd have recalled
him again, but it was too late: for the troops of horfe he fent to apprehend him
found him in his kingdome. Phraates employed his captive fouldiers a^jainft the
ScythianSjand was killed by the Grecians. ^
Dimnniis having regained the kingdome of Syria, was follicited by CleopatrA n
Queen of Egypt Jus mother in law, toraifean Axmy iigzin[i Ptolemy her hus-3^43*
band and brother too, who had devorced'her. Demetrius fet prefently upon
Ptelomy^ but withall loft his owne Kingdome of Syria ^ for firft the Antiochians
10 then the Apamenians , and at laft all the other Cities wearied with Demetrius his
Parthian inlolencies fell away from him. P/^/fw^ undcrftanding, that his Sifter
CleofatrA had fled with the chief wealth of Egypt to Demetnus^ her fon in law
into Syria ^ fends one Zel?ma a young man home to Protarchus a Merchant
with an Army to conquer Syria, pretending that he was the adopted fon of Kino-
Antiochus: the Syrians were glad to accept of any King, rather then endure.the
cruelties of D.manus^ admitted this Zehma^ calling him by the nameof ^/e,v-
ander-^ in the mean while the Parthian King fent the corps of /^«f/cf /y/0 in a fil-
ver coffin to be interred \)y AlexAhder^ who expreffing much forrow (as if it had
been true) obtained the love of the people. Demetrius being overcome by Alex-
iOjindtr^ was at laft torfaken by his own Wife,and fons, fo that he was forced to flee
to Tyrus for Sandf uary, but as hee was comming out of the fliip , hec was
flaine by the Governours command : own of his fonncs Selettcus was killed
by his mothers appointment , for crowning himfelfe without her confent •
sht other fonne Gryphp^'^ called from his big nofe,was crowned by his mother-, fo
that hee carried the title of King, but the whole Government of the Kingdome
was given her:, but Alexartdcr having got Syria, infolently began to flight /<"/<?-
lomy by whole help he obtained that Kingdome : therefore Ptolemy bein^^ re-
conciled to his fifter^ refolved to deftroy tfie new upftart King Alexander^whtvc-
fore he fends to Crjphus a great Army,and beftowes his daughter Trvphem on him
30 in marriage, by which means the Cities fell off againe from Alexarjder,\yho beino-
overcome in a battaile^fled to Antmh^ where wanting money to pay the fouldiers
he commands them to feifc upon the golden Image of Vidorie in In-fiters Tem-
ple, fcoffingly faying that lupter had lent him Vidorie for a while; fliortly af-
ter commanding infiters own golden ftatue to be taken down , hee was fet upon
by the people, and forced to fly •, at laft his fouldiers being ovcrriirown in a ftorm
he was forfakefi, jand.takenjbyfome robbers, by .whomihc wasi)rought xoGry-
f^us^a.nd {lain.
About this time, the Jews injoyed their liberties under UhAunes Hyrcams ,
who having renewed the League with Rome, repealed all the Ads of Antiochus
^o Sedetes, hee fubdued Idumea, and forced it to receive Circumcifion, -hee pulled
.down the Temple of Samaria, which had flood 200 years, and was built unde-r
Alexander. He made AntioQhus Gr;'/'^«.? leave the ficge of Jerufalem which hee
:had begun, this G'r)i^/'«/ was like to be poyfoned by his mother C/^^^///rrf out of
.a defire to reign alone •, which defire made her betray her husband Demetrius^
and murther her cldeft fon.Gr'y/'^«i had fecret information of the poifon prepared
for him, which when it wasprefented by his mother to him, he caufed her to q q
drink it up her felf, and fo ftiee p. riflied by her owne device. After this Antiochus 3 ^ 4^'
G typhus reigned 8 yeares peaceably, till he attempted to poifon his Brother viji?-
tiochus C-j'\tcems o^tht fame mother, but begot of his Uncle Antiochus Sedetes,
jo thefe two brothers quarrelled fo long about the Jdngdomc of Syria till they
were bothllaine, Gryphus by Herodtan, Cy^cenus by Seleiicus^ the fonne of
Cryfhus. In the raeane while PtoUmy King of Egypt dycth having reigned
jBpyeares-, the government of Egypt iwas left to his wife, and -to one of
hisfonneSi
The Romans about this time had their Armes exercifed at home by the Gracchi og ^3 5^
in Sicily by the flaves in Spain by. JKiriatits^n Afia by Anfioniestsi TikriusGrac- ^ ^^
chus
~The fecond Part of the Boo k,u^
Thus Triboneofthepeople was petitioned by the poore fouldiers to have the Laws
called Agrariii^ put m execution: by thefe'Lawcs none of the ibuldiers could en-
joy above 500 acres of land-, ncithermuft the richer fort buy the poorer out of
their cftates: Cwa/'wi urged the execution of thele Lawcs , as alio that the trca-
furc lett by King Jitaius might be diftributed among the poor. In rhefe things
heewasoppofedby the rich men chiefly by C. ^«/tf«/«>thcConful,and oifavi-
us the Tribune from whom Gracchus in an unufual way tooke away the Tribunate,
hee alfo ftrove to continue in his Government againft the Law: upon this -^cipo
HaCica the chief Pontifiee callsupthc Scnat totheCaj3iioll, who being accom-
panied thither with a great multitude •, made Graahus his friends fprfake him,io
\vho ftrivingto efcapewas flaine by hiscolleagueS/ifw/^e/w, and 300 Citizens
with him, whofe bodies were flung into Tibris, the body ofTiierius Jay unburied;
this fell out at!, uyi^u 60. About ^ yearesafter Carbo the Tribune of the people,
made a motion in the Senat, that the fame man might be chofen Tribun as often
as he pleafed-, this was feconded by C. Gracchus^ Jiherius his brother, but mainly
oppofcdby Sctfto EmiliaiUis ^ who the next morning was found dead in his bed,
not without fufpicion ofpoyfonby Sew/ro^w his wife, and fiftcr of Gracchus the
56 year of his life. C4r^<7 killed himfclf. C7» Cr^a^/^ and i^w/wwj having fcifed
upon the hill Aventin with an armed multitude were flaine by 0/>/w/«i the Con-
fifl : befides,3coo citizens were killed in that fcdition-O/'/w/w* after this was con- 20
demncdoftrcafon.
The Servill warre in Sicily began by means oi ont'Euntts a Syrian,who encou-
raged the flavcs (complaining of their hard ufage) to rebell, this Eunus made
thembelcevc he was a Prophet, fcntto foretell their profperousfuccefTe'/or con-
firmation of thisheufedto breath flames out of his mouth, having had within
a nutfliell fire and fulphur; the flavcs chofc him for their Kihg, the prifons were
broke open , and a great army of flavcs were quickly railed. Another flave one
Cleon of Cilicia gathered together 70000 runnegadocs •, thcfc overthrew the Ro-I
man Pretors, the charge of this warre was committed to CFulvtm theConful;^
after him to P//^, xh^nio Rufiluts^ who after divers events overthrew the flavcs-, jo*
by famine he caufed the cities Tauromenium and Euna to yeeld. Cleon was flaine
in the fight: Eunas was taken in a cave,wherc he hid himfelf,and died in prifon be-
ing eat up with lice.Thefe troubles were prefaged by the birth of an Hermophro-i
dite in Romc,by the growing of corn upon trees in the fields of Bononia and by
the eruption of fire out of Etna in Sicily. '
yiriatus a Portugall of a robber in the high waycs, became a tcrrour to Rome?
for he overthrew the two armies of CFeteltus the Prctor,and oiPlautius CUudms,
creating the Roman Enfignes for Trophees on his Mountains •, about that time
300 Lufitanians cncountred with a 1000 Romans, and killed 320 of them having
loll themfclves 70 men. Affius Claudius the Conful,was beat by the SaUffii^ but in 40
the next battail he got the vidory -, for which he demanded a triumph, having kil-
led 5000 men : but becaufe of his former overthrow,it was denyed hini,v/herefore
he triumphed on his own charges. ^Fabms Conful drove away Finatus from the
fiegc of Vacceia,and took the City with many forts and caftles,he cut offthe hands '
of 5 00 Princes,who upon his invitation had yeeldcd themfclves to him. Pomfejus
the next years Conful was beaten in Numantia having loft the grcateft part of his
army, and many men of quality, at laft Finatus after 14 yeares war,being betray-
ed to Seri;i//»i Crp/o, was flain by him, but the traitors received not any reward
or thanks from Romans. Cefto's army was rewarded by lun. Brutus Conful the
with lands^ and a City called by them Valentia. ,. ^
About this time the Plague was fohot at Rome, that fcarcewere there found
men enough alive to bury the dead-, this calamity was prefaged by the birth
of a hermophrodite at Rome , which by the Harufpices was drowned, .S". Ce-
cilms , c^etellus, and C. fah. Max. Ser^ilianus Confuls ^ another was burned
alive about the beginning of the Marfian warre. Much about x.\\\si\mcT'.Mait-
liks Torquatusca.[ikd his fonnc Juwas Siknui Prctar of Macedontobe put to
death,
C H A p* 3* Hiftory of the iVorl-^t^ p
death, for opprcfling the Macedonians with unjuittax'cs,thenalfo was C. Ua-
//f/z«j accufed for dcfcrting his army in Spain, for which he was whipped under
the furca or gallows, being a long pole laid upon two creftcd forkcSjand was fold
for a flave.
Manctnus the Conful at Numantia had fuch illfucceflein his warres, that he
\vas forced to make a dilhonourable peace, which the Senat would not ratific-,
for 30000 Romans were overthrovvne by 4000 Numantians. Mancmus
was mjide to ftand naked with his hands bound bchinde him, at the gates of JV«-
mantia till night, being forfakcn by all his friends, and expofed as a fpedacle
|oof ffiifery to his enemies. But Inn. Brutus in the inward parrs of Spame o-
vcrthrew 60000 Gallecians, who came to aide the Lufiranians, in that bat-
taile 50000 were flaine, 6000 taken, the reft fled •, but in the hither Spain Le-
fidus the Proconful was beaten by theT-iff^/, and that delcrvedly-, for they
would have fubmitted to him, the Senat interceded for them, as bcmg aharra-
leflc people, yet he would needs provoke them to fight, in which skirmilh hce
loft 6000 Romans, tlte reft fled. Rome to vindicate theloifesand affronts fu-
ftained bythe NumantianstoC. J'«/w«ijoined/'. 5f/^/<7, who was chofen Con-
ful by alltheTribunesbcfore his time-, for none could bythe Law be Conful
twice, till after the expiration often yeares. 5c//'/<? therefore befiegeth Numan-
ijotia, which was featedona hill, having walls 3 miles in compaftc. This towne
had received and entertained the Roman fugitives , and had much affli died
the armies of i'<?w^(f)', Poplius^znd Mancinus -^ Scipio did not fodainly fall upon
them, but firft trained and ex?rcifed his fouldiers, reducing them by degrees from
their idlenefTcand loofe behaviour, to the old military feverity-,he was a man both
fortunate,courageous and magnificent, for he gave a lift of the rich prefents lent
him from Anttochus Sedetes^ that the Senat might diftribute them to the beft de-
fcrving fouldiers, whereas other Generalis ufed to conceal their prefents fent them
from Princes. The Numantians would have fubmitted upon tolerable conditions,
which when they could nor obtain, having drunk largely (not wine, which that
30Countrey did not afford) but a liquor made of wheat, prepared as we doe our
malt of barly ^ made a fally out upon the Romans , but feeing they could doe
little good that way , refolved to fly ^ which their wives hindered by ^cutting
the horfes girths and bridles, at laft they fet the towne on fire, andfo con-
fumed thenUelves and all their wealth, leaving nothing for the Romans to tri-
umph over.
Aripomctts in Afia made work for the Roman armes, hee was the baftard fon y(„^ yrhlsi
of £«wtf/?w,King of Pergamus.y4//^//« Philometorhtmg now dead,and having left ^
his vafl; eftatc to the Yiom^m-^ Arijlonicus made haft to take poffeffion of his ^^*
brothers Kingdome, he draws many to fide with him -, he took by ftorm Myndus,
4,0 Samos, and Colophon, which townes held for the Romans, againfthim was fent
LicintHs Craffiis Conful and High Prieft with a good army affiled by Nicemc'-
des King of Bithynia, Jtf;/>^r/<af4W King of Pontus, (againft whom the Romans
afterward made WcLi:)Ariarathes King of CappadociajP^^/fwew^jKing of Paphlago-
nia a great battaile was fought, and great flaughter on both fides-, but Crajfus loft
the day and his life too-, for being almoft taken prifoner by a Thracian, he ftruck
him in the eye with his rod, which foexafperated the Barbarian that hee ruanc
Crajftts through with his fword, and fo he efcaped by his death his fhame and
captivity -, upon the news of this overthrow, Ferfenm the Conful haftneth to A-
fia, falls fodainly on Arifiomcui being fecure, forceth him to fly to Strato-
jonice the towne, which being befieged, and almoft famiflied, yeelded-, Ari-
pnicus is fent to Rome, and all the wealth of Attdus. Perpema fell fick
at Pcrgamus and died. AqitHius put an end to the Afiatick warre, who by
poyfoning the Wells and fprings caufed divers Cities to yeeld. Anftonicusvas
ftrangled in Prifon at Romc-,which now enjoyed both the vices and wplth of Afia.
Whileft Plautms^ Hypfeus^ and Fuhius were Confuls Africk was fo infefted
tvith LocUfts, that after they had deftroyedall the fruits, corn and graflfc, they
were
1 o The fecond part of the Book i .
A T\/i were carrycd headlong into the Sea by a ftrong winde , and drowned-, but with
* tides they were driven on the (hoare, and thercleft upon the ebbing of the Sea,
whofe putrefied bodies fo infeded the air, that thereby all living creatures were
poyfoned, fo that there died in NumidiaSoooco Ibules upon the coaft of Car-
thage and Utica above 20000, and in Utica it felfc there died 3000, fo that in one
day there were carried out of the gates of the City 1 500 dea.d bodies -, about this
time the Gaules marching in a great Army to aid the the A/ldroges^ were ovcr-
throwne hyQ^F'ti>. Max.thc Nephew o( Amilius in the flight 1 20000 were killed
and drowned in the Roan whileft their bridge of boats broak under them. Bimms
the King and his fon were imprifoncd in Alba. 10
3870;
3898.
Chap. III.
I, The Itrvip) affaires under y{yicd.nus^KnkohvL\u.s and A\cxOiniicT^ the Egyp-
tian affaires »««'fy Cleopatra, Philometor, 4/?</ Alexander. The Syrian of.
fai res under Sclcucus^ Eufebes, Philip, DcmetriuSjCr^- '^he Reman Wars with
Jugurtha, the Cimbrty the Thracians and Sicilian Jlaves.
20
THe Jews under Hyrcantts^ by the favour of the Romans enjoied peace abroad,
but were diftrafted with Scds at home, the Pharifees fo called from fcpara-
tion from all other people, or from their expofition of the Prophets , placed
merits in externall ceremonies and traditions, and looked for a MclTias, that
fliould be a temporall Princc,who fhould make the Jews Princes over the Gentiles:
theSadducesor Jufticiarics were againft traditions, they rejcded all the Pro-
phets, fave Mofts^ they denyed Angels and Spirits, the Immortality of Soulcs,
and theRefurredion.-thcEifeanSjthatis, labourers from Afa, to confider and
contemplate-,('for they gave themfelves to fpirituall and corporall exercifes) living
a ftridlifc, (pending their time in reading, praying, ftudying of Phyfick) doing 3^
good workes, chiefly of charity to the poor ^ who had all things in common ,
and lived apart by themfelves. Hyrcanus favoured the Sadduces, and rcjeded the
Pharifees traditions he beficged Samaria,& laid it even with the ground.^»//o<:^»^
cntred Judea,thinking to raife the ficge, but was driven out againe by Antigomn
and Arflohnlus^ the fons of //;r<:^»«/ then returning with new Forces from P/tf-
lemy King of t gypt^began to waft and fpoil the country ,but having loft the great-
er part of thofc 6000 men he brought with him, was forced to give off. Shortly
after this, //jrw^w dyeth having ruled Paleftine 3 1 yeers, hisfonne Ariftohlus
changed the pincipality of Judea into a Kingdorac , and was the firft that
wore the Diadem iince the Captivity: hce reigned not above one year-, ^^
having murthered his brother Antigontts with his owne hand , fearing that
hee aimed at the Kingdome^ he killed his Mother alfo , and then being tor-
mented in confcicncc, and vomiting out his bloudy foule, dyed. He enlarged Ju-
dea by the addition o^Iturea^xo him fucceeded his youngeft brother Alexander lan-
jteus.
■ This /f/fxWfrbegan his reign with the murther of one of his Brothers, the
other he permitted to live a private life in his reigne. Ptolemy Lamyrtu killed
30000 Jews, feeding the captives with the flefh of their flaine countrymen, after,
this hee took Cadara^ Amathus^ and Ga\a-^ hce had divers encounters with Deme-
trius^ and was oftentimes troubled with the fadions, and confpiraces of the Jews 50
againft him,8oo of the rebels hecaufedto be crucified whileft hce was feafting
with his Concubines •, and banifhcd 8000 of thera.He fubdued many places in Sy-
ria, Idumea &.Phenicia, then having fallen into a quartane ague of three years con-
tinuance, got by his intemperate drinking, he dyed in the campe, leaving his wifcj
Alexandra fucceftbur j whom he advifed to continue the fiege of the caftle Raga-
bc beyond Jordan, and to keep good correfpondcncc with the Pharifees, who
were
Chap 3. hijlory of ths World. it
Avcre then the prevailing fatSion and to deliver his body to them to be iifed at their yd T\/f^
J)Ie:irurc^ which was done according!y,and interred honorably, having reigned 27
years and lived ^9. ' ■ '■;
Thekingdomeof-Eg5'^t'was'.1^ft^fty'P'/(7/, P/^7/;''(?;7 to his Queen CL-opatya^ and
to that ronnewiiomlhelbouldcliufe 5 flicea-(vcd:cd y^/^A-./w^tr the younger, but
was forced by the people to chufethe elder ^ who was furn.amed Lathnrm^ be-
caufe he obtained the kingdctne as it were fecretly and by ftealth^ for the hatred of 08 < 6
his mother he was nicknamed P/;/7/wit?ir.His.i'norher made iiim repudiate his dear ^ ^ *
wife,and fifter C/a;^.-!?;'.?, and marry with the younger fiftcr5<?iV,'i'('. Cleopatra be^
idingdevorced married in Syria with A^'hochus Cy'^cewib' , who Ihortly after by
the help of the Cyprians v^aged war with his brother G^y/)/;Wj but loft the bat-
tail, aiid was forced to fly to Antioch. GrT:ph;ts beliegcd tlie Town and took it ; he
would have prererved-t/c(?^.i/r^, as being fiflcr to his wife Tr;fhena^ but this
eruell woman fent foiildicrs to murther her,aftcr ftee h.id taken Sanduary -, but
Ihortly after in another battaile - Cj^/f^;7«^ had the better of his brother,
who tookfcCTf^/^r/^ his wife, whpmhe caufedtobekilledfor inurtheringof her
fiftcr. . ^ ■ -
Cleopatra fti)lemies mother caufed the people to rife againft him, fheebanifhed
his wife S'ehne after fliee had borne him two fons^iliee made AlexAndir the young-
jocr fonKmg, and perfue's with open warre hereldeft fonne into Cyprus^ who
efcaped from thence, fhte being enraged at the Generall of her Army, for
foffcrJtng herfonne to efcape, cauled him to be flaine. Shee had in great e-
fteeme Chela as and /i;i''^».'^ the tonnes oiOmas^ whobiiilt the Temple in He-
liopolis, for rhcfe two \vere faithul'l to her. Whileft Grjpfnts 2nd Cy'^iccy/us
were ftriving for Syria, Alexnnder ht^it^tth Pt'okr/iy and wafles the coun-
tries of the Gazeans and Dorenfcs- thefe expeding-no fuccourfrom the Kings
of Syria call in Lathnrus Alexandns brother,out of Cyprus, who perceiving that
his brother Ale^cander meant to betray him, falls with fire and fword upon Judea,
and overthrows Alcxanhr in a battail nccr Jordan, he killed 30000 Jews, takes
3oPtolcmais with divc-sCaftle'- which he thiowcs down, and was in fome poffiDi-
]ity to recover Egypt from has mother ^ but flke comes into Syria with a great
Army underthecommindofC^f/<:/^ and y^/ww.?f the Jews, fliee recovers Pto-
lemaiSjand frees the Jews iTom the feare oi Lathnrus^ but Klexander fearing
his mothers cruelty betooke himfe'fe to a private life, ch-epatra fearing
Icfl Cy^iee.'Us fliould aifift her eldeft fonne to recover Egypt, fends great
Forces to- Grypbns , and calls back her fonne Klexander to his kingdome ;
but intending to murther him, which hee knew well, therefore having
got her into his power , hee flew her : the people underftanding this pa-
ricide, drove him out of his Kingdome, and re-cftabliflied ttolemy^^iva. in
4° Ws Throne.
Knttochus Gr^phus being flaine theip. yeare of hisreigne, his fonne 5f/(rw«j
fucceeded, who made warre upon his Uncle C)';(.w«.'.'j, at lafltook him, and
killed him not long after, his fonne hmiochtis Etudes revenged his fathers death,
by driving the munherer quite out of Syria, who flying into Cilicia, for his
cxadion was burned in the Palace with his friends, his brother Kmio-
chtts was alfo overthrowne by Eujebes and loft both his Army and life. Af-
ter him thtlip Gryphm his third fonne reigned in a part of Syria. Demetrim
Eufertts the fourth fonne was by Vtdcmy LAthums or Larnyrus as Vlutarch
calls him, fent for out of Cnidus and made King of Damafcus. hniiochus
^0 Eufches floutly oppofed thefe two brothers, but yetfhortly after was flaine,as
hee was fighting againfl the Parthians in defence of the Queen of the Ga/a-
de»s. So Vhtlip and his brother Dmietnus injoyed the Kingdome of Syria,
this 'Demetrimv^2.s called in by the Jews againft their owne King Alexander
who in their civill wars had killed above 6booo Jewcs, hee drove A-
hxander to the Mountaines after he had flaine all his Mercenary fouldiers,buc
upon afupply of 600® Jews. A/f.v*;;;^^/- made him tQ retire back 5 this Deme-
triHs
12
Tie lecond part of the B o o k I .
386
J Ti/f ?r/«MVOuld have driven his brother out of Syria 5 who for his owne defence cals
'^••^'^' in the Arabians and Parthians, thcfc forced Dtwf/rm to yeeld, and fent him
pnibner to Unhriddtes the Parthian King-, fliortly after he fickned and died.
Then did V/^////) enjoy Syria alone, but not long, ior AntiochnsDiofij fins hzv\n§
feifed upon Damalcus, endeavoured to get the kingdomc of Coelofyria from his
brother l^htlip^ but whileft he was making warre upon Aretas King of Arabia, .
Vhihp invaded Damafcas, and thought to carry it by treafon, but was difap-
pointcd,in the interim, kntiochns fighting againft the Arabians was killed.
kretas challengcth Coelofyria , and overcomes Alexander King of the Jewes near
Adid. About this time Affton brother of Lathurus by a concubine died, and left lO
by his laft will to the Romans the kingdome of Cyrene, fo that part of Lybia was
made a province.
I About the time that Hyrcanus beficged Samaria , the Romans overthrew lu-
gurt/ja and kikd upon Numidia. This lugitrthd was Mafaniffd's Grandchilde,
but adopted by Mjciffu He made warre upon his brother Hyempfales and kil-
led him ; the like fact he fhtended againft the other brother Adherbales^ but
he fled to Rome-, wherefore /K5«rf/'4 icnds thither by his Legats a great fum
of money to draw the Senat to confent, that the kingdome between him and
Adherbaies might be divided. Legats with M. ScAurtis are fcnt. But the Ro-
mans perceiving Itigurthji's cunning and bribery, in corrupting their legats, 20
denounce war againft him as 2i'9mddc.CalphurniHsBefiiat\\Q Conful is fent in-
to Numidia, but the crafty King bought his peace, and feemingly fubmittcd
himfelfe. He is lent for by the Senat, and upon the publick faith repaires thi-
ther-, in the interim he caufeth Mj/z'v.t competitor of the kingdome, being the
nephew of 'M^z/?»///'», to be murthered-, wherefore S/-. Albinus is fent over with
anai:my, which the King corrupts with his gold, hereupon the army makes a
voluntary flight, and gives him the vidtory. Metellusxo revenge this diftio-
nour , fals upon the King in earneft, being no wayes moved cither with bribes,
threats or prayers, wafts and plunders all his countrey, fcifeth upon his capitall
tbwnes, and drives him quite out of his Kingdome, purfuing him through M-iw- 30
ritani.i and Getulm. At laft yiarius is fent, who being an upftart himfelf rai-
fedan army of the meaner fort, and with incredible valour took Capfa a city
environed with fands and fcrpents.He took alfo Moluch built upon a rocky hil,and
inacccfliblc. Shortly after he overthrowes not only lugftrtha^hnt sKoSoc-
chits king of Mauritania, who laid claim to Numidia as being next in bloud:
this Bocclm had in his army 6occo horfe-, the fight continued three dayes:
at laft by the help of a great ftormc of raine, which fo moiftned the African
targets and weapons that they were made unferviceable, the Romans prevai-
led. This battcU was fought near Cirthathe ancient towne and court of Mafa-
nip. Bocchus to ingratiate himfelf with the Romans, catched lugurtha by a 40
train and^delivered him by SjHa the Legat to Marius. At laft this crafty King, who
wont to fay, that it wereaneafie thing to fell Rome if there were a buyer,
was carrycd chained in Triumph with his two fons before Mmm his Chariot,and
prefcntly after,was ftrangled in prifon. M-tn^^f was the firft that ever entrcdthc
Senat in a triumphant garment: he was continued divers years in his office be-
caiife of the Cimbrick war.
The Cimbrians having rhuch of their country overflowed by the fea, were for-
A C7\ ced to fcek out new plantations. They firft fall upon Illyria where they over-
• • threw P^/'jyr/w C<jri'c the Conful; then they fend a Petition to S/7.i/V«/ that they
2, might have leave to plant themfelves fome where-, their requeft being denyed,jQ
they refolve to plant therfifelves by force of armes : therefore they fail furioLifly
firfl upon S//4»«/, then upon i¥4«//«j, then upon C^/'/t^, and overthrew all their
three armies. Then the T/^«r;«^ overcame L, Capus the Conful upon the borders
of the Allobroges orSavoyens. A»>'e//«J SM«r«/ alfo was beat with his army by
the Cimbrians, and himfelf killed by King Beltis for difTwading him to pafTc
the Alpes^ faying the Romans were invinciBle. At the river Rhodanus C. Man-
lins.
3859.
64
ChAp^3. Hijiory df th Worlds ,2
//«f,and ^Scrvilius C^pio^ were defeated by the Cimbriansj 80000 Rortians J T\/f
wereflain, befides 40000 pages, and drudges who carried wood and water foi:
the army. C^e/'/tf is condemned at Rome for his temerity to he ftrangled, and
flung over the ScalxGemomx^ and his whole eftare contifcarcd •, his daughtet'S
died all miferably after they had beenabufed^ this judgement fell on C<«/'/tf for
his facrilcdgc upon the Temple of Tolofa. The Cimbrians having wafted all
ibout Rhodanus, and the Pyrenjcansentred Spain, but were driven out by the
Celtiberians: Then returning into France, tiiey joyncd their forces with the
Tcutones, and having divided their army into three parts, hafte to crofle the
loAlpes; M-irius being now Conful the third time, fets upon the Tcutones at
the footofthe Alpes. His army being pinched with thirft, complained to him
who told them if they were men, they would fight for the river, which was now
in the poffelTion of the cncrhy-, upon this they fell furioufly oh the Teutones, beat
them, and got the river, drinking almoft as much bloud as watcr.Of the Teutones
and Ambrones were flain 200000 befides poooo taken-, fcarfc 3000 efcaped.
Teutchodtts their Generall was flaihrthe women petitioned for their lives which
being rcfufed, they firft da(h out their childrcns brains, then they hang them-
fclves.
The Cimbrians having beaten ^Catulnsihe proconfull from the Alpes, 28 71?
2Q enter Italy : againft whom Marius being now the fift time created Cofiful is fent.
He taking his opportunity with the advantage of the fun andwindc , being affiftcd
by Catnlus his forces, falls upon them unawares , and routs them-, 140 000 of them
were flain, 60000 taken. Marius by this vidoiywas honoured with theCon-
fulflip the fixt time i thus the Cimbrians invincible elfewhcrc, were cafily
conquered in Italy, being foftned by the delights thereof. The Cimbrian women
dcfpairing of mercy, killed one another. Manushis triumph was accompanied
with a fad dyfaftcr ; for Puhlicins 'Malleoli murthrcd his mother 5 for wliich
wickcdnefle he was the firft that was fowcd in a fack and flung into the fea:
this Cimbrick war continued 8. ycarSi Str^i/o thinks thefe Cimbri to be from
a ©the Cimnf^rii, and others, that both are from Gomtr the fonne ofjaphet : the Teu-
tones were Weftphalians as lAeUnchthon gathers out oiTacitHs and PtoUmicThc
Ambrones dwelt neare the Rhene.
About this time the Thracians fometimes the Macedoniari tributaries rebelled,
wafting Theftalie, and Dalmatia, even to the Adriatic fca.TheScordifci a people
moft fierce in Thracia,faith Fhrns, (but Stadtus will have them a people in Gallia
uponlfter) totally routed the army o( r&rtius Cato. Ttiidtus beat them home a-
gain into Thracia. Dr«/?«j confined them within Danubius. Mr«»//«j' wafted
them along the river Hebrus, in which many of them were drowned, the yce de-
ceiving them. P//<? went as far as Caucafus and Rhodopc. Qurte eiitred Dacia
40 on the North fide of Danubius. Lucallus mitchcd. to Tanais, and the lake JMa:o-
tis. Thcfe Barbarians were dcftroyed with fire and fvvord •, many of the cap-
tives were left alive in mifery and pain , having their hands and feet cnt
off. \
Licinius Narva Pra»tor of Sicily, about this time, gave occafion to the flaves to
break out again into an open warrc. He was commanded to fct all the Ingenm at
liberty, becaufe of the Cimbrian wars ,which he refufed to doc s whereupon 30
{laves began the rebellion, and gre^ quickly into a great body, againft whom
Tttinius a captain of the high way men was fent ; whom the flaves flew: and being
incrcafcd to 6000 made one Salvius a Soothfayer their King:thcn they lay fiege to
joMorgantina, and beat off i/r/'wW as he wascommingto raifethe ficgc. Suhins
feeing the Romans run away, made proclamation, that none fliollld be killed who
flung down his armes, whereupon he was fupplyed with fufficient armcs. Arheyiio
aCilician Aftrologer, and captain of the whole legion, joyiies himfelfe to S4/-
vius who cals himfelfe now Tryphon, and makes his regall feat at Tncata^ which
he fortificth with walsand trenchcs,havingthe commaind of 40000 men : againft
him Licinius LueuMus is fent from Rome with 1 8000. > who fals upon the flaves,
C kils
14
rhe fecond Part of the Bookm^^
Tih^^^of them, in this conmAthemo was Wounded the reft fly to Tricala
which they held out againft L«f////«i ^ in the intcnm,r.y;'^.^/ dicth. A^ W fuc-
ceedshim: agamfthim M. Ar/«///«iCollcgue toM^r/«nn his fift Coniulfliip is
fent he kilsAfAfwc fighting ftoutly, and was wounded himrdf in the head, he
ovcrthrowes the loooo that were left, and the laft looo being taken pnibnci-s,
were condemned to be thrown to the beafts, which they prevented by kilhng
one another.
Chap. IIII. j^
i.The civillmrs of Rome under Marius,Sylla, Cinna. i.The Romanrvmwith
Mithridatcs.
r' iAarius hitherto the pillar, now the caterpillar of his country, flicathcs
'the conquering fword of Rome into her own bowels , which he had un-
flieathed againft her enemies: Having got himfelf to be made Confull the fixt
time by hxihcxy md Apuldus Saturmmt Tribune, he endeavoured to renew the a o
Agrarian lawcs,purpofely to bringdown the nobility, which were a fore in his ;
cycthatwasanupftart, or new man, Hecaufed J. Nomus the competitor of
Saturtiinusto be murthered, and Metellus Numidicus to be baniflied, to the
great grief of ail the nobility: and becaufe he was afraid that Memmms -woxM.
be chofen ContuH, Saturmms by his procurement, caufcd liim to be murther-
ed. GlntuiA^ who aimed at the Confullhip,was a main man for Saturninus -, the
Senat and people inraged at thcfe murthers, made fuch a tumult in the ferumy
that they fell to skirmifliing, Marms fided with the ftrongeft party^ which was
the Senat,and drove Satumtms into the Capitol! where he was beficged, and the
Conduit pipes which conveyed water thither cut off-, Saturnims openly pro- 30
feffcd, that Marius was the caufe of all the trouble. Upon his fubmiflion he
with his complices were received into the Curia: but the .people breaking infu-
rioufly fell upon S^turmms ^znd tore him in pieces with Sattfeius and Tabienus,
Glaucia was drawn out o(Claudtus his houfe, and (lain. C». Dolehella with
L.Grgdfuusas they thought to cicapc through the hcarb market, were killed
alfo. Thefc incendiaries being (lain and their cftates confifcated, Cato and
Pempey motioned that Metellus fliould be recalled home , but they were oppo-
fed by M^rius^ and FHrins the Tribune, and honcft Ruttlius was banifhed into
Smyrna,where he fpent his time in ftudy.
M^/f//«^ being brought back into the city with great honour, fo difcontcn-40
ted Marius^ that he went to Mnhridates king of Pontus , to inccnfc him againft
the Romans. This was the fonne of that Wthndates^ who for his fervice a-
gainft Anflinius^ was rewarded by the Roman Senat with Phrygia the greater.
When he was young he ufed fo many Antidotes fearitig the treachery of his
governours, that when he was old, he could, not poyfon himfelfe. He fpent 7,
years together in hunting, never all that time entring into any houfe •, fo fear-
ful! he was to be murthered-. but when he came to reign, he enlarged his Do-
minion by fubduing the Scythians, and driving hriebur'Unes the Romans
friend out ot Cappadocia, whom SflU reftored again: he fpake 22 lan-
■'*• • Li'vius T):'uiu. Tribune of the people ftirrcd up the Italians againft Rome,
0^9» tkey being denycd the priviledges of the city, and undcrftanding Dr«/#/ their
patron was privately murthered, fell upon C.Ser'viliusxh.c pretor, who was fent
as a Legat to t'le Picentcs, Samnites and others, and flew him with divers other
Romans. Hereupon C/?. tompeius the Pretor was fent againft the Picentes,with
an army v.'hich was beat by them. So was Jul. Cefarby the Samnites. Ruttli-
Hs iheConful was flain with 8000 Romws by the lA^rfi-^ which flaughter
ChAp«4* Hiftory oft be World 1 5
Mantis rcpayed with the overthrow of Sooc. M arfi an s. C <«;/''«' with his army
was overthrown by the Vcftini, but Qcfir having renewed his forces iub-
diied the Samnitcs and Liicanians : upon ncwcs of this vidory the Senat put
oflFthcir Souldiers caflbck wliich they had put on in the beginning of thjs war,
and was their habit of mourning, and bctock themfelves again to the^wne.
After this M'ir/«^ puts 6oco Mariians to the iword, and dilarmcs yooo. SjlLi
raifeth thefiege from Aeferina where the Romans werelhutup. Fompey o\qx^
threw the Picentes. Thefc good (uccefTes made the Senatputon their LaucU-
w<i or white coates imbroidcrcd with ftuds ot purple refembling broad nail-
lo heads. Or*? overcame the hin\(d^Plotins the Vmbri. Fcmpey took tlie ricli
city Afculus, killed iScoo Mariians, took 300G prifoncrs, and drove 4000 to
the mountains where they died in the fnowandyce. The Picentes were utterly
defeated, whofe Genervill ]udaciltus poyloncd himfclf.
Vojthumius Klbirjns SylU's Legat was in a tumult murthcred by the fouldiers^. U »
which occafioned the death of 1 8000 Samnites. Cato. for extolling liis owne a<fti- r
ons above thofe of Miirtm^ was knocked down by Muritis his Ion. C. Gihi/iius
is killed. The Veftini and Marrucini are plundred, Vomfedms and obfidins
Italian Commanders with their whole army are cveithrcwn by I'empqs Legal
Sulpicins at Afculus. Fompej caufed all the commanders to be whipped and be-
20 headed, and the fervants to be fold. At Rome the Scnatand Roman Knights
fell out about the Agrarian lawes. Li-vms the Tribune threated Q^pio with
death for rcfiftihg him, and beat Vhilif the ( onful. Bur fliortly after was
fo wounded in a tumult, that he was carryed home half dead. Vnlidus was
ftabbed with a knife 5 Y^hilip and C^/'/o were iufpected for this murther.
Mithridates upon thefe troubles in Italy, takes occalion to invade Paphlago-
nia, Galatia, and Cappadocia; threatens alfo Bithynia , and flirres up all the
Eaft againft the Romans. SytU then befieging Nola, is choicn to goe agairifi:
MithridAtes , but he refolved to take Nola tirft j whereupon ViArufs being
now 70 years old, by the help oi^ Salpittus the Tribune, obtained the charge of
aothis Mithridatickwir:, and got the ad: for SjUaxo be repealed. The Tribune not
content with this, kils SylU's fon inlaw, and fends to SflU to deliver up his
CommifTion and the army : SflU in a rage haftneth to Rome, skirmilheth with
the fadion of Marnts and Sulpitius^ and drives them out of the city. Marius
both father and fon with 10 more are by the Senat denounced enemies to the
State ^ Sftlpitius \\3.$ betrayed by his fervant, and killed^ the fervant demanding
his reward, was made free 5 but for his treachery to his mafter was flung
downe from the Tarpeian rock. Manus the fon goeth over to Afnck. Old
M'ir/W hiding himfelf in fomcMarifhes, was by the Minturnians condemned to
die, but the executioner being deierredby the majefty of the man, returnes
^0 without doing him any hurt. Sohe failes over to his fon into Africa. Sy/U
rcigncs at Rome-, his Colleague ^Fomp ems Conful isflain by Cu.Pompeius
the Proconfuljfor demanding the army from him.
Mithnddtes in the mean time fubdueth Phrygia and Afia, and caufeth all the
Romans that were found in Afia to beflainin one day. The city Rhodus held
out for the Romans, and beat Mtthridates by fea. He fends ArcheUus into
Greece with an army of 120000 men, who fubdue AchnA and Athens. But
whilefl SfllA was about to raife the fiege from Athens^ the fire of difcord
breaks out again at Rome under Cer/?. Ctnm and C», Ociavms Confuls. CinttA
would have Mrfr/«J, and the others banifhed by SfUa to be recalled ^ herein
t^oO flavins refills him, and drives him out of the city. Mtirius in the interim
returnes from Africa. The army at Nola under Appms CUudms joyned with
Qinm-j the Italians whofe caufe QtnnA much favoured, unite themiclvesin a
great body to him. So that the army confiffed of 30 legions. C». Fompemsxhc
father ot great Pt'W/'cji, after much wavering encounters with Sjlla under the
city wals, where agreatbattell was fought. In it were two brothers, the one
having killed the other ignorantly, who as he was ft ripping his dead corps,
C 2 pcr-
661.
1 6 Tie lecond part of the Book i .
A l\/f perceived it ro be his brother-, and with grief ftabbed himfeife over his bro-
• thers body, fo both were burned together in the fame pile. Cirw.i andM^ir/W
divide their army into four parts, two whereof were committed to Sertorius
and Qarho: after many skirmiflies and much flaughter, Qmr/a is received in-
to the city, and after him M^/m. Pomfey is ftruck dead with a thunderclap,
his army deftroyed by the plague. Oclci'vius is murthered, and Jiis head ex-
pofed to the pubUck view before the Kofira or plcadmg place, wliich was a great .,
building withm the forum Romanum^ and in it a pulpit called Rojlra befctwith
the fterns of (liips taken fiom the enemies. ThcheadofC;/. ^i«/w««^was pre-
fcntcd upon Marim his tabic; CCf/^'', vind Fimbria wcxe. murtliered in their lo
owne dofets at home. Cra^'m both the father and fonne were flain in the
fight of each other. Behim :xi\d iVww?//^^ were dragged by the hangmen through
2884. "^Jic Forum. CutulmViWtd himfeife. MtniU^ who was made jupiters pricft, be-
fprinkled his Idoll with his owne bloudmo rich man at that time could efcape.
CiKfja and Marim create each other Conful, without calling the Qomitia or
Parliament. But fliortly after Mnrius dieth , being diftraded in mindc. In
thefe troubles many of the nobility fled to SjlU in Achaia and Alia ; who had
recovered Athens from Mnhndates^ and had killed above 200000 of his men,
and had taken near as many prifoners.
L. Fl.cc.'is fucceeds 5ji//./, he was hated of the army for his covetoufncfre,20
and flain by C. Fimhrut w'o fucceeded him. This had good fucccflc againft
M?/Ar/^<j/^',tookPergamus, and almoft had taken the King in it. He overthcw
Ilion the townc •, and recovered a great part of Afia from Mnhridates. SylU
in the interim overthrew the Thracians wafting Macedonia. Cifif?4 and P^pirius
Qarbo made themfelvcs Confuls for two years : L . Valerius Flaccm^ and other
peaceable men, lent to Sjllaxo have peace eftablilhed 5 but Qinna raifed an ar-
my : and as he was forcing the fouldiers to goc on fliip-board at Ancona was
3888. ftoned to death: xhcaCarbo was Conful alone. SjlU took Afia,Bithynia, and -
Cappadocia from tAithndates. Fmbria being forfakcn by his army which
went to Sfila^ made his owne fervant to kill him. SylU returnes this anl\ver30
by the Legats to the Senat, that he would fubmit , conditionaily the citizens
banillied by Cw^^ might be reftorcd. This wasrefifted by fadious Or^^) and
his crew. Sylla's Legats who were fent with articles of peace, were abufed by
the Confuls Narbonus and Qorn. Scipio Afiaticus^ both whom Sylla .overcame
near Capua, and let Scipio goe without any hurt. So moderate was he both in
his vidones over his country men, and carefull rather to fubdue the common
enemy, then to revenge particular wrongs •,i'«)w^f)i the fon of him who took Af-
f»/w,haviHg raifed an army of Voluntcirs, joyned him felfe with Sylla^ and (q
did all the Nobility.
Young Mariusznd C<ir^ Confuls , to be revenged on the Senat fidingnow/jo
with Sylla^ befetthe Curia with fouldiers under Damafippus the Prctorjand
killed every one as he came out, and murthcrs were committed every where
in the city. Pontius Telefims Generallof the Samnites, with an army of 40000
fought fo with Sylla at the port Collina, that the city was in danger to have
been deftroyed utterly •, for he faid that Italy fliould never want wolves to de-
vour their liberties, untill the wood that Iheltred them were cut down. The fight
continued till it was paft midnight, at laft the Samnites retreated, and Telefims
the next morning \^ as found gafping for life -, whofe head Sylla caufed to be
carrycd about Prjenefte where Manus was; who now defpairing tryed to
efcape, but was prevented and flain. Then Sylla obtained the title of Happy, i^50
there be happinclTe in fliedding of bloud, for he flew above 70000 in his wars
againft Manus and Telefinus^ by Metellus^ Lucullus and the Servdti he over-
threw the armies of Qarbo. He killed 8000 of thofe that yeelded to him, 2000
of thofc that were Profcripti fwhofe goods were confifcated , and the perfons
themfelvesto be banilhed) fuflPred death. Marius his brother was murthered by
degrces,firft having his hands and feet cut oiF,tlien his eyes put out 5 he kil-
led
Chap.i^. tiijlory of the World' \j
led all the PrcneiHnians, he killed Carbo in Sicilie and many other crusll a(5ls y4 ]\/L.
hee did, then he was made Dicfator :, none having had tliis honour till now,
lince iJamiH'-'ls departure out ol Italy, which was 120 yea; es fpace: he had 24
fajces or bundles of rods With axes carried before him, hee weakened the Tri-
buniciall power, by debarring them from making Lawes and publick fpcecjies.
Hee filled up the Serat with Knights •, and killed his friend Lucrcum JjelLi
for offering without hisconient to demand ihe ConfulHiip: he encreafcd the
CoUedges of Prieds andAuguresto 15. hee fold the goods of the banidicd
and debarred their children of all honours-, hcetooke Nola, and divided the
10 lands of the Samnites, among 47. Regions. '?>y Cn.Powfqtt'S hfc overcame and
flew Domit/m that was banilhed-, and /wri'^ king ot Numidia ; hee was fcverfe
againft the bani (lied and thofe that received them, that £.iy///z the wife of. vc/c/-
Im refufed to let him in though difguilcd , W'hercfore he flew himfelfe,befprink-
ling his unthankfuU gate with his owne bloud , at laft being flighted by the
people and Senat having laid downe his Didlatorfliip 2 yeares ahcr he dyed at
Cume of the lowfie difeafe, and his body was burned honourab'y m the
camftts Marti Hi. M. Lepdns would have repealed all his zdis-^ bur by Catrtlus
his fellow Conlul hee was baniflied Italy , and dyed in Sardinia. About this
time the Roman Capitol, and the Delphic Temple were burned. Thefe Civill
2©broiles at Rome were prefaged by fire from Heaven, by unufuall haile and
ftormes, by the running of J^heepand Oxen out of their ftablesand folds to the
hils and woods, by bloud gufliing out of bread ,i and by the unufuall howling of
dogs,and great Earthquakes.
I. The affAires of Sjria. under Tigrailes. 2. Of ludea under Alexandra,
„ 3. of Egypt under Vtokmy Auletes, ci^f . ^^The Sertoriatf^Spartk^and Mu
thridaticrviir', with CdxiMus eenf piracy. 5. Pompis aifrens and fome Roman
faffages^ about Cicero 4»^Clodius,
CYria being now torne inpeeces by Civill wars, ^r^f^^ reigning in one part, oSqT =
*^and Anttochus m another, Tj^r/J»fj King of Armenia is fentfor, Mithndates'^ ^ *
not being able to affilf them, becaufe of his warres with the Romans, and Vtole-
wy King of Egypt they durft not trufl, as aiming at Syria himfelfe. Therefore
having fubdued the Gordyeans, Atropatenians, and Meioporamians, croiTeth
Euphrates and feifeth upon Syria and Vhentcta • hee befiegeth Ptolemais with
40 50000 men, at lafl hee tooke it, and in it Cleopatra Sdene^ being banifliecf
out of Syria, whom he.e flew. Amioehus was driven to a corner of Cilicia
and r/^wzapofTeffed the greater part of Syria for 1 8 yeares together, in whofe
time there periflied by Earth- quakes there 17000 men,and many towns, a prefagc
of the great change that was at hand,for the whole kingdome of the Seleacida^ w=^as
feifed upon by the Romans.
Alexandra. KUxanders widow now reigned in Valefline under whom the
Pharifees were lb powerfull, that they ruled all and put many good men to death ,
who did not favour their faftion. Alexanders d(ici\.(ox\ Hyrcunns was then High
Prieft.Ar//?tf^«/ffi the younger had no command,. the Queen fent ricfi prefentsto
^oTigraves whileft he lay before Ptolemais,by which means Ibee kept her countrey in
quictnefle 9 yeares, but whileft flie lay fick^Arifobrdus feifeth upon divers Towns
and Forts,and fo makes himfelfe King, caufing Hy reams to content himfelfe with
the Prieft-hood.
In Egyt Lathyrns being dead, another Vtolemy fuccccds. He was accounted
the fonofi^f^ynw by a Concubine. Vtole/ny the fonof Alexander was with Syi-
ia^ whom he made King of Alexandria , but the Citizens not induring his info-
C 3, lency
1 8 Ths fei^ond^art of the Booki.
// TLf lency killed him the ip day of his reigne-, his brother fucceeds, and him they ba-
• *'^' nilhed-, at lafl ^iz-'i/f/^^ who called himlclfe ^^cc^w^ fuccecded, famous in nothing
but in luxury, and piping,for which he was called AnUtes.
The valianteft of alf thofe whom S^ILi profcribed was &. Sertorias^
whofe valour was known both in Africk;theBaleares and the Fortunate Iflands,
at laft Spaine under him rebelled-, hce overthrew L. Marilnts Proconfulof
GaUia, and M. Antonie Legat, by Hiituleius theQueftor-, hee took in many
towncs, and threatncd Italy it "felfe. But ^ Metellus Fim overthrew
hirtuleifu his Army in Betica now called Granata or Granada ^ and Fowpey
(who being as yet'but QLieftor, was honoured with Confular authority, a lO
thing not ufuall ; recovered Gallia-, fliortly after Sertorius overcame both
Metellm and Perfenna , who within a while lay fiege to the Townc Cala-
gunum •, which made Sertcrnis jeakaisof his friends, many of whom hee
put to the fword upon fufpicion of treafon. Mnhrulites upon this enters in-
to league with Sen onus by whofe helpchec overthrew M.Aurelius Cotta the
Conful neer Chalcedon, 12000 Remans were loft in the Sea fight, 5000 in
the land skirmiih.M^?f//w and Pow^tfj were fain to give over the ficgc ofCa-
lagurium: at \iiii Sertoriushdr\2,\)CX.t2.ycdhy 'iomt o'i Antonies dindV'erpennasi'l-
oitives was flaine at a feaft, this Verpenna and Manus were afterward de-
ftroyed with their Armies by Vempey ^ who recovered Spain after 10 year52o
war by the Roman Commanders flriving for maftery. Calagurium was ftarvcd
and at lafl burned.
ji,ZJ , The Spartickwar followes immediately upon the Scrtorian, one Spartacus z
/■ Thracian ibuldier, then a highway-man, at laft a Gladiator or Fencer, with 74
79* more Fencers being fhut up in Capuaby Xf«?«/«j, broke loofe , and betake
themfelves to the hill Vefuvius, thenCiMiMusPtilcherhc(cts them round, but
they fuddenly fell upon Claudius his campe and furprifed it 5 the like they did
to P. Vorems Pretor, or chiefe Juflice:, then they overrun Campania plunder-
ing all, even Nola and Nuceria, Thurus and Metapontum, their Army in-
crcafed dayly, malecontents from all places flocking tothcm,for wantofbctteco®
arms they made themfelves Targets of twigs covered with bcafls skinncs and
fwords,and darts of tlic prifoners iron fettcrs,they quickly alfo horfcd themfelves,
their Captaine Spanacus had the Fafccs carried before him, which were taken
from the Pretors.Thefe Rebels overcame both Lentulus and Cajsius^ and intended
to fall upon Romc-,but M.Licimus Crajjus firfl overthrew 30000 of the Gaulesand
Germans, who aflifled Spanacus, then he fell upon Spanacm his owne Army and
killed 600C0 fi!gitives-,took 6000 prifoners,the reft that thought to efcape to Sicily
for want of (hipping, were feifed upon, and killed with SpartacKs their Captain.
The war was fcarce ended, when the Romans were forced to fend an Army to
fuppreffe the Dardanians and Scordifci (a people of Pannonia, fomc fay of Thira- 40
cia) who overrun Macedonia •, thefe Scordilci ufcdto drinkc out of dead mens
skuls , againft thefe Af . Chudius was fent,and Cuno Scnhomus : fhips arc alfo rig-
ged out to fuppreffe the Cilician Pyrates who much mfefled the Sea. P. Servihus
fubdued Cihcia and Pamphiha, took the chief Towns of Lycia,and overcame the
Ifauri, whence he was called Ijanricus •, thefe Ifauri arc at the foot of Mount
Taurus-,the firfl Roman that pafTedthis Mountain was this Servilius.Cononius the
Proconful conquered Dalmatia and after 2 years fiege tooke Solone a great City.
fAithridates having broke the league he made with Sylla, invaded Cappa-
docia by Tygranes his fon in law : againft him the two Confuls Liemitts LucuSus
and httrelius Cotta are fent. Cotta was worfled and driven into Chalcedon. 50
lAithndates removes thence and fits downe before Cyzicumarich and popular
City in an Ifland of the fame name within the Propontis, fo called frcxn the
King C-jT^icus whom Vlj^es killed ^ this place was an inlet to Afia, but Lucnllus
comes and raifeth the fiv gc, and drives him into Byzantium. Mithridates lofl
then alfo his fleet of 100 Ibips, with all his provifion and furniture; and it's
thought, that hee loft by Sea and land in the fiegc of Cyzicwp above 500000
mea
Chap4 5* Hiftotyoftbe World, ip
men, amongft whom r.w/j dyed, with divers o hers profcribcd hy Sy/Li. Yet 4 M
Mithrid^tes ihows^h. rhus weakened will not yeeld but ftirs up the Armenians, I- '
berians, Cafpians and Albanians againft Z„v£'////«.r^ who had now lent to the Se-
nat his Laurcat Letters in token of vidory ; for fo Conquerors life to doe.
Rich Z«a'//w,Cr4//w,andC;7.Ptfw/)<'j»5 were now Confiils: they reftorcd the
Tribiinitian power againe, which SjlLi had weakned. Cetta a little before had
advanced the order of Knighthood; at that time CM.Tul. Cicero bein" Queftor
drove r*ry/-« Pretor of Sicily out of his place by his eloquence, accu(in"himof
opprefTion : And fuch corruption was at Rome, that L. Gcllms and C \cntnlm
20 Ccnfors, removed 54 Senators from their places. Lttcullus iq the interim reco-
vers Paphlagonia and Bithynia : invades Pontus,takes the two chief C/ties there-
of, kills 30000 of Mithridates his Army, and purfucs him to Comana .- the crafty
King to hinder the Romans from purfuing him, caufed money and rich things to
be ftrawed in the way, and fo with 2000 horfc he efcaped to Tigranes who did
not admit him into his prefcnce , but gave order hee Ihould bee ufed like a
King- ', ->
Mithridates now defpaiiring of himfelf, (cnt Eoccfm^ his Evneuchto his Pa-
lace, to kill all his wives fifters, and Concubines, which being done, the Go-
vernours ofalmoft all the Garrifons fell off from him to X»«///«^, to whom La-
20 chares Mithridates hisformc fent a crowiie of gold : hee tooke divers Sea towns,
h.tc'^mivitsTjgraria and defeats his army for refufing to (deliver up A/;//^^-/^<i/^f^
and overthrowes 300000 men being invited by the Grecians, he bcfiegeth and
takethTygranocerta lately built: he makes ^«/w;^«tf the Ibnne oi Ct:{jcenus
King of Syria. Mithridates flies to Pontus 5 Tygranes into the remotcft
parts of Armenia ; whom Lucullus could not purfue becaufe of the winter, but
upon a mutiny in Lucullus his Army for want of pay, the fouldiers refufed to
march. Whicli gave opiportunity for Tygranes and Mithridates to renew their
Forces. Mithridates flew C. Triarius , Lucullns his Legat, and overthrew his
Army, among the dead bodies were found 150 Centurions and 24 Tribunes
Soflainc: the Sea even to //^r£-«/wpillars,werefo filled with Pyrats by Mithridates
and the the Crctans,that all provifion and commerce with Rome was intercepted,
till Crcet was fubdued by QMetellus called therefore Creticus, and the Sea fcow-
rcd of Pirates by Vomjiey^ which was done in 40 dayes fpace, fuch of the Pirats
as efcaped had lands afligned them in Cilicia, far from the Scajthat in ftcad of pi-
racy ,they might be exercifcd in husbandry.
Cti.Mamlius the Tribune, being afTifted by Cicero and Cefar got an ad to pafTe
that Psm^ef fliould have the charge of the Mithridatick warre •, this caufed great
emulation between Pomj>y and Lucullus. Fompey accufed Lucullus ^ avarice
and profufion , calling him the gowned Xerxes^ and he againe acculfe Pcr»pey
40 of pride and ambition; yet notwithltanding full power is committed to Pcmpey
overall the Roman Armies without Italy, with an ample Commiffion to de-
clare friends or foes whom he pleafed : never had any before him the like power;
hcc was alfo the firft Roman Generall that ventured over Euphrates : who ha-
ving made a bridge of Boates , falls upon Mithridates fuddenly, and routs him
in one battell,then purfues him tb Colchi •, but Oror'^s king of Albania and krtt-
eus King of Hebe ria with 700 00 in ainbufh thought to intrap him; but heundcr-
ftanding the plot befet the wood,where they were, and fct it on fire , that the ene-
my was forced to fubmit and give hoflages : in the meane while M. LuchHhs Go-
vernour of Macedonia overthrowes the Befli a people inThracia neer Pontus a-
5obout hill iEitlus, and made all their country tributary whileft the other L. Lucul-
lus was taking in Nifibis upon Tigris.
Fempf being no^vfure of M/^^/J^rw, marcheth againft Tigranes his aflbciate r_
who having overthrown the 5f/f«f/^<« called himfclfc King of Kings, hee had 3 9^
three fonncs by M///'r;i/4r« his daughter, one of them he flew for rcbelhng, the
other he killed in hunting , for not helping up his Father when hee fell from his
horfe, but fuppofing him dead with the fall, took the Cfownc from his headland
fct
20 The fecofid Part of the Book. i»
// 71// ^^^ ^'- ^" '^'^ ^^^'^'^ ■ '■''^ '"^^^ ^°" Tigraises^ rebelled againft his flither , and being o-
jl, J.V1, ^pj-ji^i-o^vn fiedtoP/^/^.!?c^Kingof Parthia, and from him, humbly to Pompj :
fo did old Tigm»es,\vho pretentcd him with 6000 talents^ and tlie fouldiers with
500 drachms: whereupon he obtained pardon, and the Government of the
greater Armenia, conditionally that he did furrender all his late conquered coun-
tries. He iurrendred all Syria, from Euphrates to the Sea, which he had taken "
from Anticchw Eufebes. Young Tigranvs obtained the lefTer Armenia which he
did not long enjoy, for whilefthe was confpinng with the Parthians againft his
Father, heewas apprehended by the Romans, led in triumph, anddytd in pri-
fon. i't'z^^/'ry having built NicopoUs in the leli'er Armenia, he beftowes the
KingdomeofC:fppadociaupon Arihar'^anes with the Provinces of Sophena and 10
Gordena,and makes Syria a Province, Vv'hich he refui'ed to confer upon Ahtiochm
Ccmagerim^xhc fon of £;/p/'f^,though he petitioned for it.
O.QOQ Shortly after this dttalia with Lefitulm^ Ceihegm^ and many other difcon-
07 y* tented Gentlemen confpire againft the State. C/ff^<? that year was made Conful,
who by his induftry detected the plot , and by his eloquence overthrew it.
Lentulus with fome noblemen arc apprehended, impril'oned, and executed by
the Confuls command, and Catos periwafion , though CW^r fpoke againft it.
Catilin being driven out of the City,rai{ed an army in Italy, which was deftrbycd, 2 o
and he fighting ftoutly was killed. In this interim Mithndates was betrayed by his
fonne Pharnacei,w\io had got the Armies good will-, he fearing to be delivered up
by his fon to the Romans, attempted to poyfon himfelfe, but could not, being his
body was fo ufed to antidotes.Which is no wonder, for we read of fome who hav^e
fed altogether on poyfon,andcould not eat any other food.G.i/f» fpeaks of an old
woman at Athens who lived altogether on Hemlock •, and Albertm Magnus knew a
maid whofe ordinary dyet were Spiders. But Mithridates did by the fword, which
he could not by poyfon : he was 69 years old when he killed himfelfe, he reigned
57. P/^/jrw-acw by fendiog his fathers corps to the enemy, obtained the Kingdome
cfBofphorus. 30
Amipiter the IdumCvih about this nme fomenting the difcord between Hyrca-
nns and his brother Arijlobtilus about the kingdome of Judea, had drawn thi-
ther 5C000 men under Aretas Kins, of Arabia Nubathea^ he overthrows Anflo'm-
liis in a battell and flints him up within Jeruialem, during the iiege , Omas that
holy man was ftoned to death by the befiegers,becaufe he would not pray for their
/fuccefle : therefore God punilbedthem with famine. Anflebtdus procured M.
Scauriis for 400 talents to raife the fiege: he purfues them in the flight and kills
7000 of them, among the reft Antifaters brother who had raifed the warre.
reffipeywisnow at Damalcus taken lately from Areats by Mete//us and Lolli-
»s Legatsor Licvetenants CtnccsWto P ompy. Anjlobu/us prdcntsPempey with 40
the golden Vine worth 5 00 talents: the Romans thought that the Jevves in
honour of Bacchus kept this Vine. Vomfey having heard both the brothers plead
difmiffed them with a promife that he would Ihortly vifit them ; as foone as
he had feded the Nabathean affaires-,but Anfiobulits ieifeth on the Caftles,and to
flielter himfelffrom Vompey, whofe anger by this meanes he had procured,haft-
ened to Jerufalem, but fearing left Pon.'pey who was now marching after liini
through the woods of Jericho, fliould overtake him, fubmitted himfelfe, and
obtained pardon, Gabinim is fentto Jerufalem to receive the moneys, but is
kept out by the fouldiers, wherefore Anjlobulus is fecured', and Jerufalem
, beiiegcd. PifoVompey's Legat is received into the City and Palace, but is kept 50
out of the Temple by the Garrifon of Mount Sion. Which hec befiegeth,
Olyrrf.jj9. andthe third month takes it, on the day of expiation 12000 of them were flain^
Cicer.& An-Pempej tutc'ctAinio the Holy of Holyes, butmedled not with the Treafures :
tov.Cejf. j^ee reftorcs Hyrcunus to his Priefthood , but not to the Crowne: hec re-
ftores Samaria , Azotus, Pella with other Towncs overthrowne by the Jews,,
to their ancient Inhabitants : hee carryed with him to Rome in chaines A-
ripobulus with his two fonnes , one of vvloich namely hlexd/ider made an
efcape
C H Ap^ d. Hijiory of the Worl^^
21
cfcape by that Way and raifcd new troubles in Judea, againft whom Gahi- /i JUT
fiius is fcnt, to him Alexander fiibmits and delivers up the Caftles hce had *
taken, all which C7^^/»/*7j demolilhed , hlexmders mother being gratiouswith
Gabimus obtained his pardon 5 and procured 5 Courts of Juftice to be erected
through judea in 5 Cities, to wit, in Jeruliilem, Gadara, Amathus, Jericho, and
Saphora.
P^jp^' having cleared theSeaof Pyrats, overthrown Mithridates ^ liibducd^OQ,.
Armenia, and all the neighbour Nations to Egypt, bcftowed Gallogrecia or 3^
Galiatia :0n Dqctarus , Paplilagonia on h.tiaiits, C olch on Aripmhtis^ and
lo.ido 00 talents on the Armies: retuinsto Rome, where with great iblemnity and
gratulations,he obtains the name oi'Pompey the great, he enters into a League with
Cefar, who having conquered Lufitama\n his Pretorihip was now Conful , and
with N. CUiffus -^ thefe three divided the Senat into fadions, onely Cats
with a few others preferred the publick good to their own.e private ioterefts.
Cafir promotes the Agrarian Lawes, by which the Publick Lands are af-
figned to the common people , and 20000 men are fent to plant. Cicero
is banilhed, his goods plundered , and his houfe pulled downe by the means
of P. Clod/us a rich, but a wicked man, who was found in womens ap-^Ol^*
parell in the folemnities of Bern Dca. He by bribery having got himfelfe
ioto bee made Tribune, never reftcd till Cicero was baniflied, who with
Cxfar accufed him for murthcring Lentulus and Cethegus , when he was Con-
ftilj \!ms, Cicero was forced in the night d'me to depart the City, and returned
not in 16 moneths, after which time he returned, and was received with great joy.
About this time Cledius the Tribune got an Ad to pafle againft Cypms^ihix,
the wealth thereof fliould be brought into the publick treafure: this he did to be
revenged on the King of Cyprus, who rcfufcdto ranfome C/ei/«j- when hereto-
fore he was taken priloner by the Pyrats : the King hearing of this Ad poyfoned
himfelfe. Cato is imployed in this bufinelTc, who brings with him to Rome all
the wealth of Cyprus. i'/<?/f«J7 had nothing left him now but Egypt, his bro»
30 ther being dead, and Cyprus loft 5 therefore labours earneftly, to make the Ro-
mans his friends : but his power was fo fmall at home that he could not lave one
Roman, who had ignorantly killed a Cat (a facred creature among the Egyp-
tians) from puniihment: atlaft for his exadionshee was driven out of his King-
dr)meby the Alexandrians , who Crowned 5frf»/ctf hiseldeft daughter, though
he had fons, becaufe fliee only was legitimate, this Queen fhortly after her mar-
riage ftr^angles Cjbiopiles her husband for his fordid bafeneflc ^ and marries with
Archelatis, who called himfelf the fon oiMithndates , whereas he was indeed the *
fon of that ArcheUm who warred with S^Ua in Greece.
49
Chap. VL
I. Cx^a.!^ exploits inCaliia^ German) ^ and BritAin. a. The affaires of Romi
under Vovci^y^ Cralfus4»^Marcellus. 3. CraiTus his m(carriage in A]ia„
4. Some parages of ludea and Egypt. 5. o/Cicero^jWCato.
C» ^''■^' ^"^P"" having got ^ooo talents from Anletes King of Egypt, to re-iri-
throne him , undertakes the Government of Gallia and Illyricum with 4 jqt^"
50 Legions for 5 years, and to ftrcngthen himfelfe the better, beftowcs his daughter^' ^'
Julta upon Fompey. He overthrew 47000 Helvetians, who not content with
their owne habitations, burnt downe their owne walls , and ftrive to ob-
tain new Plantations. After this Cdfar overthrowes Arievifius King of the
Germans, who refufedto,come to him being fent for, faying he was a better man
then C^jar^ and refufed to depart out of Gallia, ihewing that c^far had no more
gower torae^tilewithhis affaireSj then hee had to meddle with C-e/<»";:this ftout
anfwec
zz
Thi fecond fart of the B o o k i .
A T\/r anfvvcr of the Kings fo difmayedthefoukiiers, that even the chicfeft and ftouteft
■^« •^'^' of the maine body began to make their laft wills: but defar bravely roufed
their drooping fpirits by his eloquence: Jnw/shi.s did fo bcfet his ar-
my round with wagons and carts , that no hope there was of flight , multitudes
of women were imploycd, with their cries and ftretched out amies to diflwadc
the fouldiers from cowa!dilc,the Germans came info fall i.ponthe Romans that
they had no ufe of their darts,but fell to their fwords hand to hand : the Germans
dekndedtheir heads with their Targets, biit the Romans fell lb furioufly on, that
they plucked their Targets out of their hands, which caufed the Germans to flye 5
in which flight multitudes were kilkd-^^nozw/lus efcaped over the river Rhcne,but 10
one of his daughters was taken.
The Be/g£ tearing the loUe of their liberty, raifed an Army of 272000 men,
with whom C^far would not encounter but broke them with delays, and weakened
them with often skirmiOies •, in whiclihe had alwayes the better: he fubdued
the Soiffons in the Province of Rhemes: with the Bellovaci or people of Beau-
vais and the Ambiani alio, or people of Amiens in Picardie. Thcle gave C4;-
far hoftagcs for their fideUty : but the Nervii or thofe about Tornay, with the
Aduatici about Beaumont were not fo eafily maftered •, their liberty was not loft,
without theloffe of muchbloud, both of the Romans and of their own: the
Veragriand Seduni inhabiting the Alpes did much trouble Servius Gdba his 20
Winter quarters^ after Cxfir was gone into Italy, GAlb.i was left there for to
fecure thepalfages for Merchants that travelled that way. He byafudden ir-
ruption put the enemy to flight: C<<pr fuppofing (7«i//m had been quiet , march-
eth into lUyricum; thecountrcy being commanded to vidiiall his Army, rai-
fed great Forces againft him, and were affifted by the Ofilini, Lexobii, Morini,
and others inhabiting the Sea coaft of Britaine and Normandie -, they alfo fend
for aid out of great Britaine over againft them: it behoved therefore Cxfar to
provide fliipping,whichhedid-, and though hec was much crofted both with
the tides and windes, and unferviceablenefle of hisfliips, yet partly by the Ro-
man valour, partly by the ftratagem of ibarphookes faftned to long poles laid^o
athwart , by which the ropes of the erode mafts was cut , fo that the failes fell
down, and could doe no fervice to the enemy , Cxfar got the viftory. About the
Hmie time ^ Titimm SMntts fubdued the Eburones , or the people of En-
retiXy and r. CraQta maftered Gafconia not without much cxpence of
bloud.
The yeare following Pompey and Cra^m being Confuls again , the Germans
pafledoverwitha great Army,thc Rhene, but were fo defeated, that there per-
iflied of them partly by the fword, partly by fubmerfion in the river 430C00;
2017. tf^^n <i^^ C£(ar make a bridge over the Rhene, and drove the Suevi into their
woods and bogges, in this interim Cato being angry that Vat'mim obtained the 40
Pretorfliip which he fued for, endeavoured to hinder the palfing of that A(ft by
which Pi'w/^f)' was made Governour of Spain, C&Cxr of Gallia and Germany,
and C;'4/('«ij of Syria for 5 years: but the Adpafled, Crffo waslaidinchains,and
this Triumvirat ruled all in Rome. Gabtntm is fent againft the Parthians, with
order to reftore Ptolemy to his kingdome, and put out Archdam whom the
Egyptians had chofcn for their King. Ptelemj remunerates Gabtmus with the
v^'calth of Egypt, puts Berenice to death , with the wealthieft men of his king-
dome.
Cxfar paifcd over the Sea into great Britain; whofe fudden arrivall fo affrighted
the Inhabitants, that they prefently delivered up to him their armcs and hoftages-, jck
heedid not march far at this time into the Ifland , becaufe a great part oi his
FJcetwascaftawayinaftorm, but the fecond time he came over, heeincreafed
both hisFleetandArmy. and drove theBritains all the way before him even
into the Calydonian woods in Scotland: he laid in chaineS Cingatortges one of
their Kings and fo returned with a great booty •, in the mean while Arijlobtdus c-
fcapcd outofprifoHy and makes new work for Cabwius by feifing upon a Fort
which
e W Ap. 6. tiijiory of the iVorld. 23
which he could not hold above two dayes. .Wherefore he was apprehended
and lent back again to Rome with his ibnnc yhmgonus: but Alexander the
fonne of Artjhbulus raifcd fuddenly an Army in Jiidea and encoiintred with
Gabinius , but heeloft the day, and withall iogoo JeweSi GahmiHs having
fctled Judea, went againfl the Nabatheans, and defeated thein. But hce was
.accu'fcd at Rome for letting goe Mithnelates and Orfrnes the fonnes of fhra-
atcs , who being baniflied by their brother Orodes^ fled to the Romans for prd-
tcftion, but he was bribed^ and lb gave out that thefe two had made a private e-
fcapc 5 he was alio accufed by C/f fr«? lately returned from his banilliraent, that
loheehadcppreired Syria with covetous exaftions , and had re-eftabliilied P/^/f-
m'j without command froni the People, contrary to SibyUa.'s oracles. Pemfey and
Cxfar tooke GahiniHs his part, and made Cicero to defend him, whom he had before
accufcd, fo that he got the name o^Trai/Jfuga^ or turne-coat, G&bmtus notwith-
ftanding was condemned by the people, and M. Licinius Crajjtts put in his
place.
CraJJtis more covetous then his Predeceffor, robbed the Temple of Jcrufalcm
of 1 0000 talents, and a golden beam weighing 300 »?/».e. Every mma weighs
1 2 ounces and a half,which was more then the Roman pound , by 4. drachmes ,
Hce invaded the Parthians, having no CommilTion from Rome, and plundcr-
iOed Mefopotamia. Oredes lent to know why hee broke the peace, hecanfwer-
cd, that Seleucia his chiefe City fhoUld know the reafon. Hereupon Oredes
fends to keep Artabii^s the fonne of Tygranes from aiding C^'^jfftf^, who paf-
Hng over Euphrates being warned tothe contrary was circumvented by the
Parthians who laid an ambufli for him -, there was killed the fonne of Cra([us
a gallant young man, with many Senators and Confular men ^ at hdCr-'fus
was taken by Surenas the Parthian Gcnerall and killed; they powred melted
gold into his motuh, to lliew his cOvctoufneffe •, for he was wont to fay, he was a
poor man that could not maintaine an Army in the field : fome of the Romans e-
Icaped to Carta: a City in Mefopotamia beyond Edefla, where Crfr4w//4 alio died*
yiCdJuus Longinus having recollefted the difperfed Forces quelled the infurre-
dionsof Syria and Judea upon this overthrow,he defeated Antiochus Comagenus
and beat the Parthian Army from Antiochia , having flaine their two chiefe
Commanders, 0 faces and Pacer ns. Cicero had now an Army in Cilicia, his own
Ptovince,where he tookc in the City PindevifTuSjfliewing that he deferved to bee Epjl.fam ./.
Called Pindevifftntts^zs Set f to to be called Afncantis^hovi ever, he was called Im^e^ 2. efift 10.
yrf/or or Lord General!.
Wliileft the ftatc of things went thus iH the eaft-, Ci/ir in the weft was much
vexed by the Gaules 5 Ambtorix their Generall had circumvented Cotta and
Sabintis Cafirs Legats and by the hclpe of the Eburones,and Advattct ^o\xnhr:cw
4Qthe whole Roman Legion, then joiriing* thcmfelves to the Ncrvii, fetupon Qj_
Cicero's winter quarters, and befieged him: he prefently by a letter tyed to a Jave-
lin implores C<«/rfri' fielp, who returns himananiwer in Greek faftned to theloope
or firing of the dart, which the bearer fling within the Fort. The Gaules being
6othoufand ftrong, left the fiege, when they heard o^Caftrs coming and march
direftly againfthim, hee by a counterfeit flight drawcs them to a place of difad*
vantage, where he killed multitudes of them, and difarmcd the reft. Labiems o-
vercame theTrcviri and flew /»^w/<>w4r»j their Leader,Crf/^r fearing the revolt
of the Gaules procured from Porfipey ^hcing then at Rome, 3. new Legions , then
hee pafleth over the Rhene to chaftife the Germans, for fending fupply to the
jaTrcviri-, but undcrftanding that the Sueviinthe entry of the Forreft Hircynia
waited for the Roman Army -, hee cut downe a part of the bridge,and erefted a
Tower, and put a Garrifon in it, on thebanks,for he feared the want of Corn, fee-
ing the Germans were not then addifted to husbandry, and fo he purfues Awbi-
orix; who ilieltred himfelfc in the Forrefl: of Arden or Arduena,and fo he loft his
labour. A.ZJ.
About this time T. Amiits Milo killed P. Ckdius his Competitor for the Con-
fullhip700.
2 A The fecond part of the B o o k I i
J 7; fuUhip in via Affia which was a ftreet paved by Afpus Claudius the Conful
■^* ' reaching from Rome to Brundufium-, this murther was done at Bovillre a Town in
Latium not farre from Rome, the body ofC/u^/wj being brought into the CttrU
Hofiilia^ox Counccll-houfe, built by King Tulliis HcUilius^ was by the incenfed
multitude burnt with the whole building togcther,the City honours were taken vi-
olently by thofe that were ftrongeft, for there were no Magiftratcs lawfully called,
fo that they were forced to make Vom^cj Conful the third time, who began to fu-
fpe<ft C-f/irj power, and C<<prenvyedPtw^e7's honours, for the death oi lulia
Cdfars daughter, diflblved the amity that was between thefe two great Comman-
ders, Vempey to take off the envy of his greatnerte,chofe ^Scif/io tor his colleague. 10
Ctceyo pleaded for Milo^ but not fo refolutely as he was wont,becaufe Pompey had
filled the room with armed men. Milo was banifhcd and retired liimfelfe to Mar-
feiles.
C<efir was forced to be abfent from the City,becaufe of the Gaulcs rebellions
and confpiracies, therefore VewPey paftanAd, thatC-^/^r {hould notbe pre-
judiced in his Confulfhip, though in this he was thwarted by M.Qato: yet Vompey
made Mtircdius Conful •, and Curte Tribune,C<e/4r/grcateft enemies : the Gauks
thinking that C^/<iriimploymentsathome would keep him from CMningto the
Army, beganac^ainetoftruggle for their liberty, the Carnutes now called Char-
tres, fell firfl upon the Roman Favours, killed them -, and feifed on their Eftatcs. 20
This murder being committed at Genabum, which fomc think to be Orleans, o-
thers Gian about Sun- rifing,the report ofit came by Poft that Evening to .(^I'^m
now called Auvergne^\v\i\d\ is 1 40.miles diftant, yercmgitorix CcltNlns his fon ,
whofc Father ruled over all the Gaules , raifed a mighty Army out of divers
countreys.prefling all forts of men to take up Armes under paine of death. C««/rfr
hearing of this preparation , refolves with all fpeed to prevent the uniting of the
enemies Forces. Hee placeth ftrong Garrifons in all parts bordering upon the ene-
my •, through fnowie Mountaines he marcheth into the bounds of Auvergne, and
had got all his Legions togethcr^beforc the enemie knew of his coming, he took in
three great townes at one clap. 30
At that time Avaricum now called Chafteau neuft or Bourges en Berric was a
ftrong city and chief of the Bituriges 5 (^afars fouldiers being inraged , that the
Gauls had burnt down 1 9 towns round aboutjpurpofely to ftarve the Romans,laid
fiege to that cityytook it by ftortti-, and put all to the fword,men,women, and chil-
dren of 40000 fcarce 800 efcapcd, who went to Ferchgitorix. After this Cefar
divided his Army , foure Legions hee fent againft the Parifians and Senones ,
whofe fore-fathers under Brennm their leadcr,burnt Rome, and bcficgcd the Ca-
pitol, fix legions he condudeth himfelfc againft the Auvcrni, or Auvergne, and
fits downe before Gergobia now Clermont in Auvergne, within this ftrong ci-
ty ^vere 8ooco men. Here Cdfar loft 46 Centurions, by the temerity of his^jB
fouldiers venturing too haftily upon the encmy.The Hedui whofe countrcy now
is pofteffed by the Burgundions, fell off from the Romans, who for their fide-
lity were wont to call them brethren. Whereupon C^/ir fends into Germany
beyond the Rhene for a fupply of Horfe and Foot, by whofe helpe hcc over-
came Vercir.gtertx , who amfted the Hedui, then he bcfiegeth Alexia, a city,
now a Village in the Dutchic of Burgundic called Alifc, and by famine
forced them to furrender. There were now flockt together of Gaulcs
240000 Foot and 8oco Horfe, which vaft Army after many dayes fight was
overthrown by Cs(Ar. V€rcingetor'ix^t\i(M\n^ from the Townc : this great de-
feat of his Army, furrenders all,and fo the Hedui return again to the Roman obc- e^
dience.
Labi cms had now fubdued the Parifians. Qdfar in the interim marcheth a-
gainftthe Bellovaci, a people that lived about Bayeux, andfubdues them. O-
thers being' weary of warre fubmit now themfelves to the Romans.Uxellodunum
called Cadcnac in Quercy held out againft Qx[Ar till thirft forced them to yecld,
for there was but one Ipring of water tliat fcrved the Town , which C^/^r cut
off.
C H A p. 7- Hijiory of the World. 2 C
off. He fpared their lives, but cut off their hands to witneffe their rebellion. Af-X"i£
ter this he placeth Garrilons every where, Co that partly with fear , partly with
fair words he brought all G/il/ja in fubjcdion. About this time died Fiolemy
Auletes King of Egypt in the 29 year of his reign, to whom luccceded Ptolemy
Vionyfit^ the laft King of Egypt , he wa5 now 1 3 years oldjand married his filter
Cleopatra^ who afterward marryed with M. Antony.
to
Chap. VII.
1. ThefAt'dlci'villwarre betrveen Cxfar <i«^Pompey. i.Cxhrs 'Divers vi[io^
ries.w Theffalia, Egypt, Afric^Ponita md Spam. 5. Pompcy'i death and
Cxfars. •
/^AUia being now quieted bytheloffeof 400000 men befides many moresoji;
^^prifoners , C^far returnes into Italy where he is received with Sacrifices
joy, and triumphs by all the cities through \yhich he went; an Adpaffedinthc
Senat, that Cdfar fliould part, with two of his Legions for the Parthian war
jg> which he condefcended tO; but underftanding by C«m, the Tribune, (whona
' C^far by paying his debts, of an enemy had made his friend) thatAf.M^r-
cetlta the Conful had appointed them for Pompey , and fo were retained in Ita*
ly, and withall that it was motioned in the Senat that C^far fliould lay down his
Commiffion, and deliver up the Army •, hee perceived that his enemies went a-
bout to ruine him 5 wherefore heerefufedto part with his Army, except Pom-
fey might doe the fame. This was held reafonable hy' Curio, _ but Pompey'^
friends would notaffent; wherefore C^y^ir is commanded to repair to Rome
as a private man, and to petition for what heedefired, and'if he did not by a
certain day deliver up his Army,he fliould be proclaimed enemy to the State, c^-
'.Qpy knowing that Vompey ruled the Senat, and that Marce/Iu^^LeMtulia^mdCa.
to his mortall enemies meant to bring all his anions in quefl:ion if he fliould come
to Rome as a private man , refufeth to lay down his CommilTion : therefore is
by Marcellus and Lentulm Confuls, denounced enemy to]the State, and comman-
ded not to paffe the river Rubicon now called Rugum, which divided Italy from
Gallia of old.
Now begins this fatall War, which was prefaged by an echpfe of the Sunne,
and caufed by the ambition of Vompey , who retained his Armies in Spain all
the three years fpace that he ruled in Rome, and yet could not endure that Cafar
(hould enjoy the like priviledge 5 he was favoured by the Senat, Cafar by the
'^oArmy, both prefumedonthejuftice of their caufe, but neither of them had any
goodneffe or juftice, who did facrifice their countreys fafety to their private
quarrels. Cafar paffethover Rubicon, and comes to Ariminum, where he ac-
quaints the 5 Cohorts he had with him to be his Guard, of his wrongs, and
that he meant to reftore the Tribunes that were baniflied,thefe five Cohortcs were
half a Legion, which confifted often Cohortes,every Cohors of three Maniples,
"and each Maniple of two Centuries or 200. fo his guard confifted now of 3000
men.
The firftTowneC^eprtookewas Auximumor Ofimum: which fo terrified
Rome, that ^arcelltts snd Letttfihii the Confuls with the reft of the Magiftrates
5oforfooke the city. In the interim C^e/^rtakesy Cohortes which were at Sulmo
from Lucretim, and procured the 3 Legions which with L. Domitiui were at
Corfinium,to join with him. Vompey who a little before bragged that if he did but
knock the Italian ground with his foot , he fliould have armed men enough ,
hearing of Cafars ftrcngth and preparations, intends with moft of the Senac to
leave Italy, therefore they betake themfelves to Brundufiuma Sea Port in Ca-
labria upon the Hadriatic Sea, from whence was [the ordinary paffage into
D Greece
26 The iecondpart of the Book I.
A. M. Greece. Cefar difpatchcth letters to feverall places of Italy , complaining of
Vowfcy^ anddefiring he might be brought to anlwer Cefars acculations , hcc
defired tlie quarrell might be ended without bloud-lhedding-, for that end, hee
attempted to furprife P<)w/'fy in Brundufium, but though he Itt guards upon the
harbour, yet Vum^ey elcapcd by night-, therefore Cd/^r repaircs toRome, be-
ing'now iecure, enters the Senat, (hews how he is forced to rake up Armcs in
his owne defence. Then hee ieifeth upon the Treafury, which Pompey in his
fudden flight neglcded-, and having broken open the d oores he taketh ^1135 /.
weight of Gold, and almoft 900000 /. weight of lilver : thence he goeth to his
Legions at Ariminum , and from thence over the Alpes to MafTylia, which jq
flnit the gates againft hinn. Hcc gives charge loTrebomui. with three Legions
to take in that city, thcnhehaftes to Spain, which was now fubje(ft to L. Afru-
Tuti^.,M .Vctrqus^znd M. Varro^ Vompty'sihxct Gcneralls.Thcfc in divers battcUs he
overcame Afraniw Vetrejfts. and M. r^rr^ in the further Spainc yeelded, and
delivered up his Legions to Cefir. Cato was driven out of Sicilia by CurtOf
Cotta out of Sardinia by Valerius ^ Ttihuro out of Africa by Farrus. Maf-
fylia alfo fubmitteth , which is plundered of all,except life and liberty.
Pomfey was now M tfter ot the Sea-,and gave a check to Cejars vidtorics/or 0£f4-
vIhs & Libo Pomfefs Lcgats did circumvent DolebdU and Antomm that Were for
Cefar^ and who were appointed by him to guard the mouth of the Hadriatick Sea. 30
C. AritoniHs held the Curicttic or Corcyrcan (hoarc, but fubmitted, and yceldcd
up 1 5 Cohortcs to oBavim his Fleet. Libo drove Dolobetta from lUyncum or
Dalmatia •• the Ships alfo that Bafilus fcnt to help Antonins were catchcd by the
Pompejan Cilicians , with a new trick of ropes made like gms hid under the
vv^tcr. C«/-;(?alfo CfprjLegat, after he had overthrown I'anus in Africa, loft
both himfelfc and Cefars Avmy, in a ralh battel! with v«^4 King of Mauriiania.
Pompey chofe Bprits^ now Albania, a countrey famous for good horfcs , to be
the feat of the war: and Cefar having made all the Provinces fure bchinde
him, makes all the fpeed hee can to encounter with Pompey^ thcrerorc ventures
in a fmall Pinnace to croCTe the Sea in the midft of Winter, and in a ftorm-, 30
wherein he (hewed more courage then the fearful! Shipmafter, whom he checks
for his timidity : Fear not (faith he) thou carryeft Cefar. When he came on fhoar;
and had gathered his Forces together, being impatient of dclayes, ufed all m,eans
poflible by plundering of Towns, and taking in Forts, to draw Pow^e^ to a bat-
tle, which he warily avoided , hoping by tergiverfation to break the courage
of Cefars Army, but P^w/'cy's fouldicrs did interpret his procraftination, cow-
ardife .- (o that Cefar faid truly when hee went to Spaine, that he went againft
an Araiy without a Captain: butjwhen he came into Epirus, that he went a-
gainfta Captaine without an Army, for his fouldiers were young gallants, and
raw in military affaires. Some skirmiihes there were between the two Armies. 40
Cefar fell upon Torqtutus and his Legion, being in Garrifon,P^»s!^fy came with
his whole body to refcuehim. Whereupon Cefar left the fiege to encounter
with P(Jw^g,T<»?^«4/«5 follows him from his Garrifonin the rcare, but Cefars
Souldiers perceiving their danger, betooke therafclves to their heels 5 fo that
Cefar could by no meanes hinder their flight: and' if Pompey had not
recalled his army from the purfuit, hee had got the day, and the quarrell
had been ended , which made Cefar fay, that Pompey knew not how to con-
quer. Many Roman Knights were knights were killcd,vvlth 30 Centurions, and
4000 common fouldiers. '
5914, Upon this defeat, Cefar makes hafl through Epirus into ThefTalia in Greece, jq
famous for thcGyantswarre agzinU l/tptter-j and there choofcth thePharfali-
an fields called alfo Phihppici from the town Phtlipp clofe by) for his campa-
nia. Pt'w/'^/follows after, whofe Army confifled 0/40000 Foot-, in the left
wing were 7000 horfc 5 in the right 5000. befidcs the Auxiliary Forces of the
Eaft, with the Nobility, Senators, Prctorian and Confular men. Cefar had
not above 30000 Foot, and 1000 horfe, but Itout fouldiers all.The battell con-
tinued
C H Ap* 3 • liifiory of the Worlds 2y
tinued doubtfullfor a while, till the German cohortes fell (o fuiioufly~upon A, Mi
Vomfey's Horfe, that ihcy were forced to give ground, and at laft betooke
thcmfelves toa difordered flight, the Celanans pvuiuethem with a command
from Cfprthat they Ihould aim at the Pompcjans fac.s , and withall to
fpare their fellow citizens. Of the Pompejans were ilaine 15000. and 37 Cen-
turions, Pompey himfelfe cfcaped with the two Lemnli^ FAvoniHsi\\z?^tiox'nn
and his fonne Sextm. Some perfwaded him to goe to Partliia, others to his
friend King Itiba of Africa, but he chofe rather Egypt for his retreat, hoping
to be kindly ufed by young Ptolemy^ for old courtcfles bcftowcd by Pon.p-y on
10 him, and his Father ; therefore became firfl: to Lariffa, then by Sea to Mity-
lene •, thence he failed with his wife Cornelia into Egypt, the bafe King fends to
receive Pompej into his own Ship, and a warrant there to kill him,being perfwaded
thereto by Pnthwus the Eunuch, and liis Tutor, hyTh/'odsitts alio, and Aclf/l-
las his Generally for they feared that Pow^fyj-intertainment would draw all the
Roman Forces thither, therefore Achtllas and Septimms now a Coloncll.but here-
tofore a Captainein P empty's his Array, firft murthersthis brave Comman-
der, and then cuts off his head in the fight of his wie and children-, he was 58 years
old.
Vempefs Gcncralfliip was profered to Cicero^ which he refufed, and betook
20 himfelfe privately to Brundufium. Ce[ar not made infolent with his vidory,
gives a gcncrall pardon to all his enemies. At Romehec was created Di(5tator
though abfent, in three dayes he comes to Egypt, where Theodctus prefents him
P(?ff»^f)ij head and ring, at fight of which he weeped, andchecktthemurtherers,
then he went to Alexandria^ and demanded contribution , the Kings Govern-
ours pretend poverty, Ach'tlUi is commanded to difriiiffe his Army of 20000
men-, but hee marcheth with him againft Cefar^ a battcll is fought in which
t|ic Kings Fleet is fetonfirc, the flame whereof confumes a part of the city ,and
ia it, Ptelemies famous librane of 40C000 volumes; in the Ifle Vhartis
was a great fight in which Cefrr lofl many men, and Pompeys murtherers flain,
3-oCcf7 himfelfe hardly cfcaped into a cockboat, which with the weight of the
paflengers funk, but he favcd himfelf by fwimming with one hand, for the o-
thcr in which he held his papers, he was forced to hold above the water; fo
having fwimmed .200 pafes hee came fafely to his Ship : then hee renewes
his Forces, and in a battell ovcrthrowes the Egyptians, in which 20000 are
flaine, 12000 with 70 long Ships taken, and the King himfelfe was drowned
in a boat overfet with paffengers. So Alexandria being forced to yecld ,
Cefar beftowcs Egypt on Cleopatra^ the Kings body was found in the
mudde.
Pharfiaces the Conne o( Mithridates tooke occafion by this Roman diC-^gz').
Ao cord to rebell againfl him. Cefar marcheth, and at the firft encounter o-
vcrthrowes him, fo that hee truly faid, / came , / fm , / overcame^ Vhur-
»rff« having fled to Bofphorus Cimmeriusin the mouth of the lake Meo-
tis, diftant from Bofphorus Thracius 500 miles. Here Vharnaccs who
would have betrayed his Icdxhctyiithridates^ is betrayed by his friend Afander
and murthered.
Vemfejs fadion inraged againft Cefar, breakes out in two places ^ in Africa SPie*
under King luha^ Scipio Vempefs Father in law, and Cato Governour of U-
tica',:iB Spain, under C^. Vompepts great Vompeys eldeft fonne. At Rome
alfothcy began to ftir, but Anto-aius GentrzW of the Horfe to Cefar ^ appeafcd
50the tumult with the murder of 800 citizens: in Africa, Sctpio^ luha and A-
franim are defeated by Cfar, loooomen were flaine, and 5o Elephants taken.
C^to at Utica killed himfelfe, having ftrftyead VUtos Book -of the immortality
of the fonle. /«^4 hired Pe^rww to cut his throat, which he did, and then killed
himfelfe with the fame fword. Scipio 'being kept back by contrary windes
from Spain , murthered himfelfe on Ship-board. Torquattts alfo was kil-
led. Cefar commanded Vompeys daughter and his Nephews to bee flaine,
C 2 but 0
The fscotid Part of the B o o k. !♦
A. M, but Cat OS fonnc, and others that begged for mercy, were pardoned.
Cff/J?- upon his retiivne to Rome, was honoured with four triumphs, arifvvering
his tourconquefts of GaUia, Eoypt,Pontus,and Africa,he made a fumptuous feaft,
and exhibited magnificent fliews,hc pardoned M. M.ircellus upon the Senats intrea-
ty,ahd called him home from his banilliment,for which Ad of clemency he is high-
ly commended by Cicero in his incomparable oration for M. Marcellus; but before
he could returnc he was murtheredby Magins his client at Athens. After the war
wasended a lift was taken ot the citizens, and there were not found above 150000
whereas fourycarsbefore,about the beginning of the war, there were reckoned a-
bovc 400000 citizens. Cfpr was now made Conful the fourth time. Heprcparesio
for Spain againft Pcw/'f)/'s two fonnes, C;?. and 5fx?«j,but both their Fleets were
fpoiled at Sea, after divers townes were taken by both fideS, a great battell was
fought near the city Munda, whcreinCcyrfr at firft was defeated, but upon a frcfh
encounter he got the day. C;?. Pomj/cjus fled into Munda,but Cefar making a ram-
pireot dead bodies, took the town, P<>z«/'fy fled, but was overtaken and killed by
Ctronitis , the younger brother efcapcd. T. Labicniis that had done fo much good
feivice in Gallia for C^y^r^but now adhering to V ompefsh&iotiiSNO.^ flain.
The civill war being every where compoled, and Cefar returning from Spain was
honoured with the fifth triumph, t\itX\i\to^faterfatri<e^zndoiferpettiAllDi£fa-
/<9r,and that he fhould be I'spJ' x^ <iVi/A(5>-, that is, Holy ox tnnj i olable ^ hux.\\t conii-'^^
nued not long in honour •, for he returned from Spain to Rome in Ofttbcr, and a-
bout the/(a?cjormidft of the next March he was flaine, this was not above five
months. His great honours, felicity , and piide had procured him envy .• for
when the Fathers before the Temple of Fenns came to confer thefe honouts on
him, he fate ftilJ in his chair of ftate, and did not ftand up, as hce ought : and
though he refufcd to wear the crown which M. Antenie put on his head , in the
Lupercall folemnities, but fent it to /«//Vfy in the Capitol : yet when one had
placed a crown on the head of his Image , hce was content it fhould rcraainc
there, wherefore he thrufl: the two Tribunes out of their office, for queftioning
the man that crowned his image. A plot being then contrived Isy i'/. Brutus, C.JO
Tribofsius, C.Caftus, D. Brutus his favourite, and fome others, he was murthercd
in the Curia of Vempey^ having received 23. wounds,whereof the fecond tvas on-
ly mortall which he had inhisbrefl, his murtherers fltd totheCapitoll,refolvcd
to make an adl of Oblivion, to fling Cefarsbody into the Tibris.and to feifc up-
on his eflate,but they feared the greatncffe of .<4»/tfw«f andif/'?<a'«^.Suchwasthc
tragicall Cataftrophre of this brave Commander ; who had fought fifty pitched
battels with the common enemies of Rome, befidcs his many vidotlcs in thccivill
war.He made n^ny wholefome Laws, he reformed the Roman Calender by the
hclpoi'Soffgefies the Mathematician of Alexandria, he not onrly conquered his
enemies, but his pafTions alfo, in advancing his greatefl advcrfaries to honours40
and places of truft . When he took Pow/'cy's cabinet at Pharfalia,and^<'//>/ysat
Thapfus, he burned all their Letters without looking into any one of them. Hce
who was carried fo often in triumphant Chariots, and whom no forraigne force
could fubdue , is now conquered by a few traitors at home, and carried by three
of his meancft fervants. So horrid was this murther, that the Sun is faid to hide his
face from it, by an eclipfe: and fo far was his death thecaufe of peace , as his
enemies thought, that it prefentlyoccafioned more civill wars? and fo little were
his enemies fecured by his murther, that noneof alJ thefe traitors outlived him a-
bove thrceyearsjbutallperifhedmiferably, yet defervedly, even fome of them
with the fame fword that wounded him j he was 5 6 years old when he died. 5 0
Chap,-
Chap. 8. Hiftory of the World. ~" ^p"
Chap. VIII. ^^ ''•
I, The affaires of ludea under Antigonus, and Antiparcr. ?. rhe anions of
Odavius in his pungeryeares. ^ ^. The aBions and death of C^ffius and
Brutus. ^. The actions and end of ScxmsVom^ejus. S.TheacJionsofAn-
tonius ani Lepidus.
y^i?//?o^«/»j being fcnt back in chains to Rome, Ceftr in hatred to Pompey fets
10 him free, and gives him the command of two Legions, but being in the way
fcifed upon, by the Pompejans he was poifoncd, and left his fonne Alexander
fliQuld make any trouble in ludea, his head is cut off by Scipe Pompey's Fa-
ther inlaw at Antioch: but after the death of Po/w^^jf, Hyrcanus and AntitO'
ter did good fervice for Ce^ar in Egypt, in helping to fubdue Vtolemy, Where-
fore liyrcanus is cftabliftied in the Pontifical, and Antifater is made Govcrnour
of Palcftina , whofe fonne Vhafelus is fct over lerufalcm, and Herod the other
fonnc over Galilee. This Herod caufed E'!{echias the high way man, with many
others to be flaine , which fo offended the 70 Elders, that they (cnt out their
warrants to bring him to juftice for medling with their authority, hec by the
>Ocounfelil of his Father Anttfater^ gets him a ftrong guard of Souldiers, to
awe the great Counccll of the 70. which made old Simeon (called the jufl^)
rife up and tell the Counccll that Herod deferved death, for this his prefump-
tion. Which foincenfcd Herodz^zxn^ them, that hee ncvtr was at quiet,
till hee had quite overthrowne that Counceli^ which hee did, as foone as hee
was made King, and killed all the 70 except old 5;«»f(?», who cfcaped, being
prefer ved by God, to receive Chrift in his armesj and to prophcfie ot his Salva-
tion.
At Kome C.o^favittsCefars nephew by his fiflcrs Daughter Atia^ ot Accia^^ .i
being adopted by his Uncles laft will, aadconftituted heir to 9 parts of his eflatc,^
JO which was called Hares ex dedrante, refolvesto revenge his Uncles death, hec
was now about ij? ycares old, and of fuch parts and hopes, that Ceffr meant to
have made him his Colleague in the Gctic and Parthian wafre ; the fouldiers be-
gin to flock to him amaine, from all parts , both becaufe of their affcdion
to Cefar, and that they faw the brave difpofition ot Oliavius ^ and becaufe
Antenies impotent Government was diftaftfuU to them •, as likewifc to the Se-
nat and people, who had bcenalfo cxafperated againft Antonte hy Cicero s in-
Ve<5lives. M* Antenie likewife being madde that Ociavius a youth, was pre-
ferred to him, in Cefars will, refolvcs to crufh him betimes ; but the people
having large legacies left them by Cefar, adhere to oBavius^ whom they call
^ocefar from his Uncles, but now his Fathers name. D.Brutus being dcfigncd
Conful, joints his Army with OilaviusUs Forces; theScnatalfo fends hirn the
Confular Ornaments, gives him power to make war againft <_/(/«fo«if: and ho-
nours him with the title of Imperatoror L. Generall. Hirtius alfo, and P4«/4
the Conful^'conjoyne their Armies with oUavius. M. £r«/«j feifcth upon Va'
tinius his Army in Greece, and on the Province too for the ufc of o£iavnts j and
in Epirus wreftsthe Legions from C. Antenius^Marokshxaxhcx.
ociavius began his Government upon the death of /«//«/ C^/dr, which was 28*
yeares after the death oi Alexander -^ before the birth of Chrift42. and about
the 511 yeareof the city : fliortly after this C. Trehonms one oi Cefars mur'
^Gtherers was killed in Afia by DolobelU that fuccceded him, this Doloheila was
killed by C. Caffiuszt Laodicea, D.5r*«ibeingbefiegedbyM. ^»/w/VinMu-
tina now Modina a Town in Lombardic oxGalllia Cifalfinahc is affifted by Olfa-
viusy Vanja^ and H/rtWjtheficgeraifcdjand Antonie forced to flic into France?
in this fight Vanfa and Hirf/W loft their lives, but honored with a publick Sepul-
ture. A triumph is appointed for 5 r«/» J, but no notice taFen of 0^4i//«j, for the
Pompejan fa<ilion began again to bare fway at Rome; he perceiving how hec was
D 3 " flighted
^o T^- fecond part of the B o o k i .
]rf7~j^f! flighted , and that in fcorn he was called childe, fcnt Cornelius a Centurion with
Auo fouldiers to theSenat, to demand the Confulfliip for o^nvius in the name
of the whole Army : the Scnat Teeming averfe was threarned by Cornelius^ who
drew his fword, and told them, that it they would not yeeld to Oiiivius his
requeft, the fword ihould f ircc them •, the mcffcngcrs returning to Octavius
without fatisfadion, hee by Letters invites Antemw and Lepdm mto Italy with
their Forces, who being united into a body, fit downe before Rome, whereupon
OllAvius is prefently made Conful,who baniilieth all that had any hand in Cefars
death, and accufeth Cafjiu^ with the two Bruti on^ismuvthcr. F/a/jcus Brutus bis
Colleague, and Jfimus Pellio a great Anti-pempejafi dcliycv up both their Ar- lo
mies to Afitonittf. D. Brutus is forfakcn by Plancus and his fouldiers, and is killed
by Antoriius.
Lepdus diX\d Antonius being both proclaimed enemies by the Senat, and Ocfd-
vitts flighted as was faid, they had no other way to fave themfelves but by uni-
ting their Forces, therefore O^avius imbraceth the occafion , and clofcth with
Amen'i^ who otiicrways was refolvcd to join- his Forces with Brutus and Caf-
fius who had the command of 1 7 Legions, but Ocidviu^ unworthily banifheth
Cicero the eloquent mouth of that glorious City , leaving him as a prey to
AntoHius his fworne enemy, who fent fome of his troopers to murther him,wHich
they did-,and placed his head and right hand on the Koftra,to the great grief of the 20
city ^ Fulvia Antonies wife , abufed the head with all kindc of indignities. In
that profciption of thefe Triumviri Tverebanifliedbcfides knights 130. Senators,
and not onely Cicero^ut all his family alfo : but Ctcere's, fonne was recalled.
Cajfius in the meane time poflefleth Syria, and vexes Judea with taxes. Mali^
^ ' ' chus who had poyfoned Antipater^ is by his fonne Herod flainc, Hjrcanas not
daring to revenge this death of his friend Malichus^ihtn Caffius takes Rhodes , and
Brutus fubdues theLycii, then they pafle over with their army to Macedonia
where neer PA////^)! Oc^A-vius d^nd Antmy i\^\\x. with them, thisfccond battel! was
fought with various fuccefre,in that fatall field-, the wing in which Brutus waSjhad
the better of 0£lavius ^ then fick and not in the camp, but C/i//;w his wing was 30
defeated, who fearing Brutus hsid. been in the like condition, forced his own fcr-
vant to kill him, the Ibuldier whom Cafftus had fent to bring tidings to Brutus^
return ng too late, found his Gencrall dead on the ground, wherefore accufing
his flowncffcto bethccaufeofC<7j5?«j hisdeath, fell upon his own fword. Bru-
tus a few dayes after fought againe ^ but as his death and overthrow were fore-
told by his evill Genius the night before, fo it came to paJfe. For feeing his Ar-
my defeated, he thruft Stratos fword through Ins left fide, and fo died immedi-
ately. Here died the fons oiCato^Hortenfius^ LucuShs^ Drtifus^ LivtHs^s^intiliuSy
r<tr/f j,and many more brave men.
Sextusxht fon of great Pompey at this time returning from Spain,firft fcifcd upon 40
Mcffana, then upon all Sicily ,to whom there was great concourfc both from Italy,
and from the brutian Army. The Scnat had reftored him to his Fathers eftatc,
and made him Admirall of the Seas, when the Pompejan fa<aion prevailed, now
hee receives all fugitives and flaves, and with Piracies infefls the Sea , which his
Father had cleared, Antonius ftaycs to fettle the Tranfmarinc Provinces, ociavt'
us rcturnes to Italy, which he findes full of tumults. For Fulvia Antonies wife
ftirred up the old louldiers againlf him •, and L. Antontus the Conful, Markes bro-
ther accufed alfo Cefar to the fouldiers of his unjuft dealing with them, and ha-
ving raifed an Army , marcheth to Perufia, at this day Perut a city in Hctruria;
in which Cefar hefiegeth him, who being forced by famine yceldcth : and obtains jo
his life,fo did Fulvia^ and Plancus^ and all the fouldiers upon fubmiflion obtainc
pardon,only the town was thrown down-, & fo this war ended without bloudfhed.
Embafladors from all parts repair to M. Antony in Bithynia ; among the reft
were the prime men of the Jews , with an accufation againft Phafelus and Hered:
for incroaching upon Hyrcanus his Government, and for banilhing unjuftly An-
tigffnusxhcCon of Arifiobulus: but Herod ^tcvQniQd them by bribing Antonius^
and
Chap* 8, Htflory oftbe IVorld i 5
and by the marrying of HycAyms his Necce, and fo he obtained the title of Tc- A. M,
trarc h : at Tyrus the Jews are fomc pat to death, Tome irnpnlbned by Antony, fot ^931°
accufing Heredi^d^m: but the next yenr ^/?/^«^/i»j taking occafion d? Antomes
dallying with Cleofatr.i Qiiccn of Egypt , calls into Syx'ufncorus the fonne of
Orvdis King of Parthia, who with force and fraud lei fed upon Hjrcanus^a^nA. Phx-
fdas. Herod prevented the plot laid againft him .• the Panhiuns took and plun-
dered Jerufalem, and then delivered it over to Antigonm^ wlio cut off Hyrcnms
his cares, that he might be incapable of the pricfthood. T'^i/c/wdafl'icd out his
own braineSjto prevent the tortures intended by his cnemic. Herodhtin^wti.-'
10 ry of following WW/ p»/t'j , takes fail for Rhodes, and from thence to Rome:
there Ay/tonj to make his peace with Cefir , marries his fifter OclaviA^ having
firft put away his wife Fulvia, and betrayes his friend ^ Ruffus to Aufnfius ,
againii whom he was plotting mifchiefe: Therefore Crjur xo ^xiti^t Antonj ,
makes //fr*;^ King of Judea, andotf»//^(j»«jfor joining with the Parthians, is-jg,"
denounced Traitor. Ventidms and Sdon Atitomes Legats are commanded to cfta- o/vJl t gi
blifti /^^'■^'S^ in his Kingdome,but they being bribed by ^//r/^^w/j in three ycares ^ ^' ^
fpace did nothing.
SextHs Pc/»pe]us had now got all Sicib", and hindred provifibn from coming
to Rome, therefore upon the deiire of the people , Cefar and A»to»y conclude
20 a peace with him •, and permitted him the Government of Sicilia and Achaja
and withall recalled divers of the Nobility fiom banifhment ; but this peace held
not long, for /'cw/'ty contrary to the Articles of peace entertained fugitives, and
Cefar received iiff;?4 who revolted from /'c/w/'^y with 60 Ships. Him ocfuvus
made Admirall of the fame Fleet againft Pempey, who had filled the Sea with
Pyrats; a great battell was fought at Sea •, but after Cf/zr had gotthe better, hce
loft many of his Ships byaftorm'on Sylaca;um upon the coaft of Calabria . a
place infamous for Shipwracks : Cefir had alfo a fecond lofTe necr TamointmumNdUfiapm
a Towne in Sicily -, he loft alfo divers Ships , fome whereof where burned by%^«''f«'"'
cJWw4 who revolted to Vompey^ the fame runhigado revolted again to Cefar with'^'^fi'*'""^'
306 Triremes who gave him his life, but never imployed him any more: iii the laft
Sea fight againft Pornpey, Agrippa Ceftrs Adrairall took and funk 103 Ships,of
Vmpeys ^ who hardly efcaped to Ana with 17. where by command from A/.
Antony^ It tns flew him.
Qel^r hadcalled Lepidus out of Africa ivith fome Legions ta aid him ; but the
\'ain man bragged that he and not O/^'r had defeated Pompey-^ therefore hee
challengcth Sicily to himfelfe, and permits his fouidiers to plunder Melfana-, at
which infolencies C<r/4r being offended, comes into Lepidits his Cafripe, to ex-
poftularewith him, Lepidus cotnmands his guard to knock him down, but hee
wrapping his upper garment about his arm, received the biowes without hurt,
40 and having laid hold on the Eagle, putsfpurto his horie, and carries it to his
ownccamp, upon this his Army falls upon Lepidtts his quarters, whofc Soul-
diers after fome fmallskirmiihes revolts to Cefir-, Z.?/'/</»i being forfakcn puts
off his Generalls habit called PdudaTnentitm or Chlamys , and in mourning
fubmits himfelf to C^y4r,who gave him his life and goods,but degraded him from
his honor and charge, and then baniilicd him. Ce/«^ now having 44 Legions un-
der his command,which began to mutiny about their pay, he diliharged 20000 of
thcm,rcftored jcooo flaves to their maftcrSjand crucified 6000 who were maftcr- ,.
leffe : then hce returnes to Rome, where he is honoured with the leffer tri-
umph or ovatto, fo called from svis the Shecpc, facrificcd then by the
5oConquerour.
In theEaft Venti^m Antcnies'ht^ix ddcdxt& the Pmhiatismz. great bat-. ,,-
tell, flew Pacerns, and carried about his head on a pole, that the revolted cities "'
might fee it : but Antony defirous to inlarge his Dominio'ns, would needs with 16
Legions march through Media and Armenia againft the Parthians, where hee
loft two Legions, and was like to have loft all-, had he not hearkn.ed to the coun-
fcllof a Roman captive, who being taken in the Grafllan overthrow, came by
* night
The fscond Fart of the B o o k. i «
night into the Roman campe, and wiftied them not to march any furthcr,but to rc-
turnc with all haft through the woods and hills^which they did accordingly, yet
wcrefo befet with Parthian Archers, that had they not kneeled, and kept off the
the ftormof arrowes iromti^eiriheads, by holding up their Targets they had
been all loft •, then Antony returning into Armenia, feifeth upon Artavafdes^ the
King, puts him in golden chains,and beftows that Kingdome on his fun, which he
hadby his wife,or Concubine rather Cleopatra 5 but afterward -4/Us/^, recovered
his Fathers Kingdome. -. ■■■yn i -,-' - --a url 3E'!?
. ■ : ■:,:.7-'. . 10
Chap. IX.
The affaires of the levies under Antigonus, Hyrcanus, Herod, md Archc-
laus. 2. The affaires of Rome and £gypt under Antonius and Auguftus.
3. the birth of Chrijl, the hfe and death of Auguftus, andt hetnfurrc-
iiions in ludea,
IUdca, Galilee and Samaria, were now in acombuftien, htczw^c Herod zn Idu-
mean had got the Kinsdome.^^rtf^ finding fmall aidin^Antonies L?gats,makeSao
a journey to Antony himkMcy who at that time befieged Samofata, a town upon
Euphrates, and alfifteth him to take it, whereupon he obtaines two Legions un-
der the command ot Softttiy to fubdue Jerufalem. Withthefe he revengeth the
death of his brother Jofeph^ and of his fix Cohortes who were overthrownc by
Jdachera ^ which gave occ afion to the Galileans to drown all they found of Heroas
faftion in the Sea of Tyberias, and becaufe Pa^fus had killed his brother lofefh^
and Antigonui cut off his head : Therefore Herod having overcome the Galile-
ans cuts off the head of P^/pw, and fends it to Phdreras his younger brother :
n After this he befiegcth Jeruialcm with 11 Legions and 5ooo horfe-, befides the
"' Syrian Auxiliaries: the Jewsftifly held out againftthe befiegers, and would 3a
not be advifed by Sameat a prime man in the Sanhedrin to fubmit to Htred^ till
firft the lower city and outward Court of the Temple were taken , and at kft
the reft of the City and Temple was ftormed,upon the Faft day the inraged foul-
diers fpared neither man,woman, nor childe, lo that Herod was forced to hire
them to give off, asking them whether they meant to make him a King of bare
walls : Herod had lufed all the meanes he could to make that ftiffe-necked people
accept him for their King , bee befieged them in three Sabbaticall years, when
they could receive no fruitcs of the earth for their releife-, he married with Ma-
riantne the daughter of Alexander Antigonm his brother, he profeffed the Jewifli
Religion, he proriiifed them all the happineffe they could defire under any King 5 ^o
but all this could not move them: fo at laft hee obtained by force which hee
could not by intreaty that kingdome, which at firft after the captivity was ruled by
Zorobabd^ Nehemiai^ and other Princes,after them by Priefts, and the 70 Elders,
and at laft by the Affamoneans 1 2 6 years.
Antony by the perfwafions and bribes of Herod^ firft crucified Antigonus and
then beheaded him; and becaufe he knew there would be fmall fecurity for him,
fo long as any were left alive, that might claime title to the Kingdome, hee in-
vited Hyrcanus homc from Babylon 5 Herod made great (hew of love to him , in
proffering a fhare of the Government, in calling him Father , and ufing him
with all civility, till he had fet hiriifelfc faft in the (addle, and then deftroyes him •, 50
he highly efteemed PoUio the Pharifee,and Samias his Difciple, two prime men of
the councell , becaufe they counfelled the Jews to fubmit to Herod , hee beftowcs
upon Hauanelus the Pontificat ^ but upon the intreatie of Alexandra-, ( whom
notwithftandirig he ftill fufpcded and perfecuted) he took it from him, and con-
ferred it on Arifiobulus Manamnes brother j but being jealous of him alfo ,
in the fccond year of his Pontificat he drowned him , for whileft hee was
fwira-
Chap. 9. tiiftory of the World.
fwimming, Herod czukd two that were fwimming with him,as it \VcrelnTport~to^~~xy^"
hold his head Under the watcr,tiil he was ftifled-, ofthis Alcxayidra complained and *
fo did Cleopatra who defired a part ofthe kingdome of f iidca; but Mcrod wixh his
bribes pacified Antony^ and fruftratcd Cleopatra ^whom. he would have killed had
hec not been dillwaded by his friends. '
M. ^;?r<?A) having wholly devoted himfelfe to Cleopatra^ and to ail licentiouf-
nefre,and puft up with pride,wealth,and flattery,begins todefpife o£iaviui^hc puts
away oBaviA his fifter,he refufcth to part vi'ith his triumvirat though the time was
expired , hee calls himfelfe Father Liher, he defircs that Egypt and all the Pro-
10 vinces even to Euphrates may be conferred on his two Ibnncs by Cleopatra.Ce(l,r
undcrftanding of this after his returning into theCity,uponthcconqueftof Dal-
matia,and Pannonia,perfwadcs the people to make war againft A,, ton) and Cleo-
patra^ which was eafily aflentcd to -, therefore he was made Conful the third time
his Colleague was it^^^/y^/^jCf^ri/z^^. Antonj having iubdued Artakwes King
of Armenia, and having forced him to deliver up his trealiirc, which was very
great, was now full of money, yet Cefar exceeded Jiim in number of Ships, of
good Commanders and fouldiers. Plancus^ Dclobella and Demttitu revolted to
Qe[ar. M. kgrippa in the fight of hntontes Fleet took Leucas a town in Leuca-
dia, Patr^E a City in Achaja (famous for the Martyrdome of St. kndrexv ) and
20 Corinth alfo. The two Fleets fought at Aftium a promontorie in Epirus, where
Piugtijltfs after this built a town and called it Nicopolis from his vi<ftory-, the H^hx.
lafled doubtfuU two houres,at lafl Cleopatra takes her flight with 6o fa.l. hntony
fcillows after ^ the foudiers feeing this, fubmitted to oBav.us^ who pardoned
them. The fame fucccfle he had by land againft hnteny the next yeer. Qejar per-
fued hntony and Cleopatra into Alexandria, the war is renewed , but Amomes
Fleet revolting •, his foot Forces being beaten, and at laft all his horfc defeated,
he fled into the Palace, and run him Telfe through with his own fword, and then
fell into the armes of CU0patra^\\Q)ti\. he thought had been killed, and in her bo-
fome breathed out his fpirit : the Queen courted hugujltts with prefents , and
AC thinking to gain his love,betrayed to hmi Y'elufiHrn neer hrabia Vetrea ^ but fearing
that Cefar would carry her in triumph-, feeing A/fjc^Wm and all was loft, fliee
poyfoned her felf by applying an Afpe to her Breaft; thus ended the Civill War.
Jtierod in this mcane time being incenfed againft the Arabians, for killing jp^j*
his EmbafTadours, raifeth a great Army, and in two battels utterly defeats them;
then hearing of Aw^w/w death and overthrow, he was much perplexed : fearing
left Cf/^y would unthrone him, for aflifting oi Anto?iy^ therefore he refolvesto
repair to him 5 and to make his peace if poffible ; but ^doubting left Hyrcanui
might ftep into the throne in his abfence, he puts him to death upon fufpition
that he held fecret intelligence with Malichas King of Arabia : whereas indeed
40 he wrote him a letter upon the importunity of his daughccr Pi.lexa?tdra , only that
he would permit him being now 80 years old , to end his dayes quietly in his
CDUntrey,feeinghecouldnotinhisowneby reafonof Herods jealoufie over him :
fo^tf;'<»<!f having fccured all athome,repairestoCf/rfr atRhodes, to whom fub-
mitting himfelfe,and promifing him the fame meafure of fervice and love he fhew-
ed to AKtotfy, und prefenting him with 800 talents, he was received into favour ,
and the kingdome confirmed on him. 3947.
Cefar returning into the City obtained 3 triumphs, the Illyrian, >faval , and
Egyptian* J\/*Zf/>/^»5 the Triumvirs fonnefor offering to rail e a new warre is
put to death-, fo all things in the Roman Empire being now compofed, which
50 now was the twentieth year after the Civill war of Cefar and Pompey 5 O^favi- y^ ^^
US is honoured vi'ith the name of hugujhts 5 and the month SextilU is name Au- -* -^
guft from him, as ^untihs was called July from lulius. Dalmatia which
held out in rebellion 220 yeares, the Alpes inhabited by barbarous people, ^.-
Spaine which had been vexed with20oyears war, andall other places iubmit-
tcd to hugufius: the Partliiansalfo fent back to him the Roman Enfignes,
which were taken by Oredes from Crajit(s, and by Vhraates from Antonius: the
Temple
A2 the lecond part of the Book I .
A. M. Tcmp'.e of /4;?«j which had ftood open 2co ycares, was now fliut by Augitflus
S$a6. being 3(5 yeares older, it was now Ihiit afecondtime in his reign, after the fub-
duingof the Cantabrians and Afturcs in Spain, and of the SalafTians in Infubria,
that part of Italy where Millan now Hands, Egypt which had flood almoft 300
years under the Vtelemies or Lagidx^'io called from Lagus father of the firft Ftolc-
w;f)f,yeeldedherneckto the Roman yoakc-,this gcncrall peace gave way for the
birth of the prince of peace now at hand •, who came in the fulnefle of time to de-
ftroy idolatry, which was now at the hight-, for at Rome the Pantheon or Temple
was built for all God5.AtEphefus,Nicea,Nicomedia,& Pergamus. Temples were
dedicated to Uilms and Augujlus^ at Ephefus, the city of Rome is made a goddelTe, iq
and facrifices offered to her-, a theater was erededat Jerufalem, and the holy
city polluted with the vanities and profaneneife of the Gentiles, as fword-play-
in» and flage-playing. W(>-<i(sfupon fufpitionmurthers his vertuous wife Mari-
amnc ^ and his mother in law AUxandra^ with the Sanhedrin of the 72 Senators,
and fets up the golden eagle over the porch of the Temple.
Atigtipis took order for furniiliing the cty yeerly with corn, from Egypt he
fent honefland able Proconful"^ into all the Provinces, he reformed the Senat,
and reduced the number of Senators to 60 ■■. Hee gave order to the Priefls to
tranfcribe the genuine Bookes of the Sibyls, and to bu me thefuppofititious: he
overthrew the houfe oiFednis PolUo^ for feeding his lampreys with mens flefh : 2q.
hee maintained a ftrong guard over himfelfe, to prevent the mifchievous plots
of male-contents, who deiired to build themfelves upon the ruines of the State^for
fo many confpii acies were intended againfl him,that he fomctimes refolved to be-
take himfelf to a private life. Yet of his guard he maintained but three cohortcs
within the city. He gave liberty to the Jews every where in Afia and Cyrene,
totifc their own religion.He was fo grieved for the lofTe oi Varus with his three le-
gions in Germany jthac fometimcs he would beat his head againfl the wall, crying
out O r^rw,reftore the Legions.He would not be called Dommus^ox Lord by any.
Herod rebuilt Samaria and called it Sebafle from Augujitts^\\c beautified Turris
Stratonia and called it Cefana-^hc ereded many Towers, and placed Garrifons in 3«
them to keep the Jews from rebelling, he furnidiedthe country with corn from E-
gypt,in time of famine, he marries the daughter of Simon Boethtts , and bcflowes
on him the Prieflhood •, he builds a Temple to Cr/^rncar Panea, by the -fprings
of Jordan, and to keep the Jews from flirring at this Idolatry, he remits to them
''"* the I hird part of their tribute, and to make fome fliew of piety in the midfl of his
impieties, in the 1 8 year of his reign, he inlargeth the Temple with a magnifi-
cent build ng called the Court of the Gentiles, becaufc they might enter thither, it
was 100 cubits long, and 1 20 high with large porches,and marble pillars,the out-
ward work was 8 years in building. a year and 5 months more were fpentin the in-
ward ornaments •, itwasfiniflicdthe 28 year of his reign, 9 yeares before Chrift40
affumed the Temple of his bwdy in the Virgincswomb;he had p wives and many
children •, he murthered his two fons Anjlobultts and Alexander being falfly accUr
fed by Salome his fifter, and Anttfater their brother by the fathers fide, which
Amifater was-afterward alfo put to death by Ne> od : thus was he the butcher of
Byrcanus his father in law, oi Alexandra his mother in Xzw^oi Mariamrte his wife \
, and of his own 3 fons,fo that as A'lgujlus faid , it had becne better to be Herods
3909. fwine,thenhisfon.
Whilefl//(?r<7i is thus raging againfl his own bowels, our bleffed Redeemer
^°' ' JefusChrittis born of a pure Virgine •, the report of whofe birth did fo trouble
Herod^ that he caufed all the Bethlemitifh children under two years old to be mur- cq
thered-, and before the expiration of the fame year he died, being tortured fo long
with his rotten body, crawling with wormes before his death,that he would have
killed himfelfe,had he not been prevented by his friends, he dyed the 70 yeare of
his age, .indthe 34 of his reign-, having 5 dayes before murth-^red his wicked fon
Ant!paterJ:\c left the kingdome to Arche/aits and the Tctrarchie to Herod Antipas,
but Kugujlm divided the kingdome into two parts, to Archelaus he gave one part,
to
t^ H A p^ p . Bifiory of t he Worl i^
35
to hutipof and Philip the othcr^ ArfA^/^^^inthe loyeareofhisreign was zccu-A, M,
fed before Augujlus tor his cruelty and tyranny , the Jews in a tumult demanded
jufticeofthofe that had incenfed Herod againft ludas and Mathiasivio famous
Lawyers 5 ArcheUm fent a Tribune to fupprcffe the tumult,whom they hurt with
ftones •, whereupon he fent his army againft them,who at their Palchall folemnity
killed 3000 of them. 8000 Jews repair to Rome with a complaint againft Archs' -19%%.
lms\ whom they accufed for conferring the Fontificat upon unworthy men, ^xAa. C. lu
fuch as he pleated •, therefore he is banilhed to Vienna about the twelfth year of
Chrittjhis goods confifcated,and Judea annexed W the Province of Syria,this was
lodonetheeleventhyear of hisraign. ,
Agrippa Au^uJifiJ his fon in law by the help of Tiherim Nero, and Driifm Ger-
mamcm brougnt under the Germans,Pannonians, Dalmatians, and Rhetians. A-
gnppa being dczd^Tthenus is made fellow Tribune with Augnfius Jsut being offen-
ded at the fliining vertues ofCajm and Z,M//^,having asked leave of C^/jr^went to
RhodcSjWhcre he remained 8 years : thefe two Cajus and Lucius were Augujius his
nephews. Drnftti & Tiberius were his fons in hw. Drufus dyed in the jo year of his
life : Tiherius undertook his charge in Germany, which he made a flipendiary pro-
vince. C'<j«JC^y^ry^//tg-«/?«j his nephew by 2-/1^/4 being wounded in Armenia,
where he fpent moft of his time , returned in his old age to Italy, where he dyed
2,oZX. Lycia or Limyra, his brother Lucius in his journey ta Spain dyed at Maffylia.
Tiberius (therefore with his brother Agrippa are adopted by Augujhts : but Agnp-
fa was afterward rejeded , fo in Ttbenus alone remained the hope of fucceffionjhe
fubdued utterly the Dalmatians,Marcomans,Pannonians,and other barbarous na-
tions : but ^inttlius Varus being too feciire was defeated by the Germans, under
Arminius their Captain-, which overthrow fo troubled Augufius^xhzx. he appointed
watch and ward over all the city, and out of forrow fuffered his hairs and beard to
overgrow,yet this Arminius was quelled by Ttberius^who beyond the Rhene dc-
ft roycd all with fire and fword .
Auguftus fends his nephew Germanrcus the fon of Drufus mo Germany ,and ap-
3 ©points Tiberius for Illyricum-, but at Nola falling fick he recals Tiberius now in his
journey jWith whom he had fecret conference a long time. He defired his friends to
give him a pUudite^\iht had aded his part wel on the ftage of Mortality -jfo having
bid farewell to Livta his wife , who (as it's thought) poyfoned him with figs, he
departed the 76 year of his life,the 57 year of his Empirc,& 44 years after the A- 398 ji"
ftian \yar. He was a moderate wife,and fortunate Prince^he added to the Empire V.C.166.
Egypt, Pannonia,Aquitania, Rhetia,the Vindclici neighbours of Rhetia, with all^. C. 14.
the Sea ports of Pontus: he fubdued the Germans^ the Daci : he recovered Ar-
menia from the Parthians j he was honoured with gifts from Scy thia and Judia :
he made Galatia a Province ; he made Rome marble,which before was brick-, he
Ao eredled a ftatcly porch and Bibliothec in his Palatine houfe ^ he appointed watch-
men, who all night went about, to keep the city from firing : he went into all the
Provinces himfelf except Africa and Sardinia : he defpifed the title of Lord,and
flighted all Libels caft out againft him. He was mcrcifull to his enemies, forhee
made C(?wf//«jConful, though he plotted to murthcr him. He loved Mecdnas
deerly, even when he called him camifex or Butcher, and upon that word froni
him rofe up, and would not pronounce the fentence of condemnation againft fome
traitors.He was modefl in apparell , wearing no other, but what his wife, fifler,
daughters and neeccs made. He was temperate in his dyet, fparing in wine, an
honourer and lover of learning, he was a good fcholar himfelf, and wrote divers
jotraftats, he left a breviary of the whole Empire,a lift of all the fouldiers in pay, of
the money in the treafury, and of the fums that were due. He ereded an Altar
in the Capitol! (to God the firfl begotten) fending to the Pythian oracle to know
of his fucccffour 5 he wasanfwered, that an Hebrev/ child flopped his mouth, and
commanded him to return again to hell. Whereupon the Gentile oracles ceafed,
darkncffe giving place to light.In the 42 year,or as others fay in the 41. year of his
reign Chriftwas born, ^urinus^ or as the Evangelifl faith, C)remushc\ng Pre-
fldcnt of Syria, who was afterward fent toconfifcate ArcheUus his goods that
reigned
5 6 The fecond fart of the Boo k. iV
A ~Sl reigned injudeajdumea, and Samaria, as his brother Herod Ami fas \n Galilee
and PcrKa-,thcir rriothe r was Marthace a Samaritan. P/7////> was Tetrarch of Tra-
chonitis and Batana'a.
The infurredion of the Jews againft Archtlaus^ gave occafion to ludas^ Simort
and other anijDitious fpirits,under pretence of liberty to fet up a King of their own,
but they were quickly fuppreffed by Quintiltus Varus who afterward was killed in
■ Germany-,he with three legions,and Arabians Auxiliaries appcafed them^and cru-
cified about 2O0O of the rebels. Much about this time Chriit being 12. yeares of
3982. age difputcd with the Dodors in the Tertiple. ludas a GaUlean becaufe of the Ro-
A>C,ii. man taxes perfwaded the Jews to deny the payment thereof, teaching thattheyjQ
were a free people,and that no mortall lliould call himfelf Prince or Lord. Hence
began the Sed of the Zclotes , which maintained this doftrine with their lives ,
forcing men by the f\vord to embrace it , in maintaining of which they were fo
/liffe.that no torments could force them nor their children to recant.
Chap. X.
The life and death ^TihtnViS and St]^rMS^vc>ith their cruelties. 2,The^aptifmy
iife,anddeath/efurre^iOfiandafcenfio» of ChriJ}. 3. How the Gojfell began te'^^
fpread.
39S 5 . ■'T™' -^^^^'^ ^^^ ^*^" diLivia^ and fon in law to Augufim married with lulia the
J.C.iA, I daughter of ^«^«/«« whom afterward he ftarved with hunger: his formet
* wife which he divorced was ^i^r//'/'/^'' daughter to that yfmf««,to whom
Cicero wrote his book of Epiltles^he had 2 years before Augusim his death, adop-
ted Gertnamcm liis brother Drufm fon, he concealed the death o^AHgufius^ till he
had made away with young /igriffa his onely nephew left, who might have hin-
drcd his fucceflion : he made llicw of unwillingncflc to accept the Empire, fhew- ,
ing truly yet diffemblingly, what a dangerous bead it was, but this was onely to 39
found the Senators affcdions towards him, that fo he might ruine them 5 and in-
deed he caught many fimple meaning menjWith his bait of difTimulationjthcreforc
not without caufe did his Tutor perceiving his (Imguinary difpofition, vi'hilcft he
was young call him clay tempered with hloud-^and becaufe of his intemperate drink-
ing he was nick named Caldtm BiberiusMero^for Claudius Tiberius Nerox^LViA. Augti-
jtus did forefee his nature,when he i^id^the Romans Jhoald live miferahly under Jncb
thin Iarvs-^\\t was lcarncd,biit cruell and covetous,of a diflembling nature,frowning
on thofe whom he loved,and fawning on thofe whom he hatedrhe was better at ex-
temporary ,then premeditate counfels.Out of his pretended modefty, he would not
at firft be called Emperor, nor Pater Patria^ and becaufe he knew that the armies 40
would have had Germanicustoht Emperor,which he modeftly refufed,he fubmit-
ted himfelf to the Senates eledion-,he pafled by injurious language,faying that in a
free State tongues p^ouldbe free. In all things he fubmitted himfelfe to the Senate ,
and fpeaking againft heavy taxes, he faid : that good jhef beards ufe topaer^ not to
flay their Jheep. He was fevere againft adultery and robbery ,and infurre<flions,and
cither fupprefled or rcftrained the abufe of Sanduaries.
At a certain Funerall one cryed out aloud, defiring the dead corps to tell Ju--
gufius that his legacies which he left to the people were not paid,by Tiberius^ who
prefently apprehends the party, and having paid him his lliare commands him to
be flain, and then to report the truth to his father Augujlus. He reduced the king- jo
dome ot Cappadocia after the death of old Archelaus into the form of a Province.
^A.C. 17, The fourth year of 7?^fr/«^, Cfrw.i»/a/^ triumphed over divers German nations,
3988. between the R hene and Albis now called Elbe-or Elve 5 Drufus Cafars fon is fenc
to Germany to be trained up in the wars, and to appeafe the Germans, now at civil
warsamongfttherafelves. At this time 12 cities of Afia were overthrown with
earthquake* 5 of thefc he repaired Philadelphia, Magnefia, and ApoUpnia. Cer-
?jfani^
Chap. io. Tliftory of the World. 27
*(rf».'f«j in the Eaft endeavoured to rc-enthroiie rc»tf» the Parthian,thru/i out byJK.Mundt
Artahnus^hnt could not prevail. He made Zene King Polem$fis-(on o{ Pontus Go- \y'y\J
vcrnour of Armenia, Ihortly after he is poifoncd at Antioch by P;fo,htm^ fecretly 3990.
incouraged to commit this wickcdneifc by Livui AugmtA. Germnmcus was much A. C, 10,
lamented being a Prince,milde to his encmies^and curteous to his friends^ but Pifo
murthercd himfelf at Rome.
About the 2 1 year of Chrifl the image o^Ltnus fell down at Rome, Tiherius de-
ftroycdthe fpurious books ofthe Sibyls, he drove out of the city the wanton fo-
lemnities ofthe Egyptian Ifis, as alfo the jcvvilh religion, becaufe the wife oiSa-
10 titrnintts had intercepted great fums of mony , conveyed to Jerufalem •, the
Jevves were Tome baniihed, fomc killed , he would not yeeld that Armini-
Hs the Roman enemy fliould be poyfoncd, {hewing that the Romans ufedfiot to
fufprefie thar e»em/es 6y treachery^ but b) valour. Yet t\i\s Arminms was fhortly
after flainc, by the treachery of his friends. Cafir now being rid of GermAnicus^
began openly to fliew his truculent nature,hc maintained Vdcrius Grattts Prefident
ofPaleftinainhiscovetoufneffe; who had changed four High Priefts in a (hort
rime, to wit, Annia^Ifmael^Elea^^er^md Simen^^nd had now fet up Catphas^ no Icfle
cruell then Tiberius.
,!y£lius Sejamis heretofore the cltamite of Apicius the glutton,who wrote a book centies HS.
aoofglutony, and having found upon the cafting up of his accomptsbut looooo
Seftertia left for his kitchin,hanged himfelf^ I fay this Catamite but now ftale and
out of date, is by Tiberius advanced to great honours,and power, purpofcly to cir-
cumvent and ruine all good men. He ufed to fuborne falfe witneircs,to entrap ho-
neftmen, and efpeciallyifthey were wealthy •, fo that no good man could live in
Rome at that time with any fecurity: the Senat was brought into fuch a fervil con-
dition, that they durft not contradid or deny any thing,though never fo unjuft ,
that Cafir or Sejanus would have done. Drujus Tiberius his only fon is poy fon- ^ q^ ^
ed by Sejams his means; becaufe upon a quarrell between them, Druftts ftrook him ^^ ^' -, ,
on the Face,who never left till he had made XwM with whom 5^j4«#/ committed ' ' **'
30 adultery, poy fon her husband,upon promifcs that he would marry hcr,and that (he
fliould have a (hare in the government : this murther was concealed 8. years toge-
ther. Sejams feeing this murder fucceeds fo well, refolves to make away with Ger-
mmicus fons , who were to fucceed next into the Empire ; he could not workc
any thing upon Agrippims chaftity, therefore he goes about to accufe her and her
3 fons of treafon : he alfo falfly accufed and condemned Sil/us their friend,as if he
intended to poy fon the Emperourj but he prevented his tortures by his volun-
tary death, and felf-murther. D^/o^^ifrfdefiredanddeferved the honour of a tri-
umph, for fupprefling Tacfarov/u, who by the help ofthe King ofthe Garaman-
tes, committed great outrages in Africa ; but 5e;4««j denyed him this honour,
40 and conferred it on lunius B/efus^ his uncle, who had not defeated and killed the
enemy as Dolobella did •. he countcnanceth and rewardeth informers, he animates
the fon to accufe the father. ^ Vibius Cerenus was falfly accufed by his own fon,
that he meant to raife war in Gallia, and to deftroy the Prince. Ceeilius Cormtusy
once Pretor, being alfo falfly accufed offending many to raife a rebellion , killed
himfelf. Crfz»»f;«j Ci^r^jfw was accufed for prayfing J^.Brutus in his Ar/nales
which he publiflicd, and for faying that C^j^w was the laft ofthe Romans, who
after he had cleered him felf, went out ofthe Senate and ended his life by abfti-
nence- Order was given by the Senate that the Aediks fliould burn his books,
vvhich notwithftanding were prefervedi
50 About this time i'tf/j/'rfw/ 5ir^/»«jfubdued the High-land Thracians for refu-'
fing to mufl:er their beft fouldiers for the fcrvice of the Romans. Sejanns petition*) ;
cth C^ftr that he might marry with Z,/i//rf,which being denyed him,he perfwadcth >-^ -\
him to remove himfelffrom the City tumults, and to folacc himfclfe withapri- ■''^.
vate and quiet life in fome pleafant place far from Rome. By this means he knew j
that his own power fliould be the greater •, that no accefle could be had to the Em-
perour, nor no letters fent but by the fouldiers, which were at his deVotion: hee
made fliew of fricndfliip to Agrippim.-ind told her that flie fliould beware of eating
E or
08 ThefecondFart ofthe Book. i.
J 1. Mnnd: or drinking with her father in law, who meant to poyfon hcr,but flie not knowing
^y*y-^ how to diiVemblc , could not be perfwaded at table, either to eat or drink 5 or be
cheerful. T/^frz/« commending the goodncfle ofthe Apples that were fct down be-
fore hun, gave one of them t© his daughter in law, which (lie would not tafte, buc
delivered it to one ofthe waiters.
C^y^r pretending to dedicates Temple to ^itfiter at Capua, and another to
Augiiftus at Kola,removed to Campania,purpofely to be far from the City,that fo
the fufpition of his cruelties and opprcffion might be concealed,in relped of place,
though not of deeds: that he might make his majefty more terrible by that great
diftance •, and to avoid his mothers company, whom he had made his colleague in iq
his government : therefore he fliut him Iclf upin the ifle of Caprc^ , where hec
ftaycd not long,being recalled by the people thencc,upon the fal of an Amphithea-
ter at Fidcn;r, where 5 00c omen were ilain. He having fliewcd himfelf e to the
people, returned again to the Ifland, where he remained 1 1 . years ; in all which
time there were no Prefidents of the Provinces, nor Tribunes of the fouldiers
changed. Spain and Syria were fome years without Coufular Lcgats,or Leivcte-
nant Deputies, he fuffercd Arttihanm the Parthian to poffeflc Armenia,the Daci-
ansand Sarmatians to waft Mefia and the Germans to fpoil GaUia, to the great
diflionour and danger ofthe Empire.
The beginning of the year was polluted by the fliamelelTe murthcr of T/V/W^q
Sabthtii an honorable Gent!cnian,for his affcftion to Germanic fUfUnd his familyjhe
was entrapped by Laturis and others to fpeake fome words in commendation of
Cerma, 11 m, the afilidions of wiiofe family he bewayled ; as alfo the mifgovcrn-
tncnto^Sejanus. Vpon this he is prefentlyaccufed, condemned, and haled to Ti-
beris with his garment turned over his head, wJiere he was drowned, though his
dog in the water ftrove to keep his maflcrs body from (inking,but in vain,this was
done on the Calends of January ; not long after died /«//4yi»^«/?<«, ox Livia Tt-
hertus his mother ; who neither did vifit her in her fickncflc,nor with his prefencc
honour her funerall, on which he would fuffer no coft to be bcftowed as the Scnac
had intendcd-,flie being gone who held in the exorbitances ditibertus and Sejantts-, 30'
now a gate is opened for all wickedneffe and opprefTion. Men durft not vifit or
cor.fer with their neighbours and friends, for tear of fufpition. ^^r//»/)/>/i is accufed
of plotting with the Army,wherefore flie is banifhed, her eye beat out by a Cen-
turion, and at laft famifhed to death. Nero and Drufus her fons are alfo accufed as
enemies, and both ftarvcd with hunger , Nero in Pontia an Ifland in ;he Tyrrhen
Sca,and Drufus'in the Palace.
'^9 9 9' Whileft the world groancs under the tyranny oi Tiberius, lohn Bapifi the fon
A. C. 28. cH Ziichariai the High Prieft preacheth repentance to the Jewes , and baptizeth
themjAiewing that the Lambe of God was comming to take away the finnes of the
vvorld,& who fliould baptize ihem with water and with the Holy Ghoft.Then he 40
4000. baptizeth Chrift in Jordan,who being declared by the voice of God from heaven,
A' C. 25). and by the fitting ofthe Holy Ghoft upon him in the form of a dove, was carried
into the wilderneffe to be tempted by Satan, whom having foiled he goeth to Ga-
lilee^ and choofcth his Difciples,with whom he goeth to Cana, and there at a mar-
riage turncth water into wine: thence to Jerufalem, and at the Feaft of Eaitcr
■4001. purgeththe Temple of buyers and fellers : from thence he goeth again into Gali-
A.C.^o. lec,when he underftood that /c/'/z was caft into prilon by Herod AnUf as ^ for re-
proving his inceft with his brother Philifs wife , taxing the ingratitude of his
country,hegoethtoCapernaum,wherehehealsa Rulers fon, Piters moihct in
law, with many others,thence going about into other cities, he preacheth the Go* -^
fpcll,andworketh miracles.
4002. The next year he went up to the Feaft of Eafter : then he cured him that lay at
A, C. 31. the pool of Bethefda 3 8 years. He vindicates his Difciplcs from breaking the Sab-
bath-.He lends abroad his Apoftles to preach and cure difeafes. He heals the Cen-
turions fervant,and reftores the widows fon at Naim to life : fo he did the daugh-
ter of /4/r»j,he caftcth out divels,and rebuketh the windes.In the mean time Merod
at the intreaty of //^/'<»^',?^,beheadcth lohn Ba^tifi^ for which cruelty he was juftly
puniftied
C H A p. r o. tliftory of the World. ^ ^
piiniflied with the terrour iof an evill confcicncc, thinking Chrift had been then ri- Ayi.Mindi
Ten again from the dead, and with the lofTc of his Army, dei:eated by Aretoi king vy^/'Xi/
of Arabia. £/*y?fr drawing nccr Chrift retires to the Deftrt, where he fed5ooo4oo5.
men^befides women and children, with five barly loaves and two filhes , bavincr A.C. 32.
left twelve baskets full of crums ^ upon this they would have made him kin<' •
fliortly after he fed 4000 men with feven loaves. He foretels his Difciples of their
perfecutions and deaths. Then he tranffigurcd himfelf on mount Thabor-, and af-
ter that he mformes his Apoftles of the nature of his kingdome, and that they
fliould not lord it over others^ as worldly kings doe over their fubje(fts.
10 About the end of his third year, Chrift went up to Jerufalem to the Fcaftof
Tabernacles -, then he fendeth abroad 70 other Diiciplcs to preach and work mi-
racles : he fliarply reprovcth the corrupt rhanners of the Jews. Then he raifeth Ld-
T^rm being 4 days dead: W hereupon multitudes follow him riding to Jerufalem, 4 o o 4.
with olive branches and palms in their hands. Then he whipt the buyers and fel- A. C. 33.
lers out of the Temple. Caifhas and his father in law AnnaiMxcfl ludas to betray
his Mafter •, which he did for 30 peeces of filver, in the night time whileft Chrift
was at his devotion : who with his word made thefouldiers that came to appre-
hend him, fall back tothc ground. Then being carried to the High Prieft, he was
accufed by him, and the Elders of fedition-, Pz/^rwould have abfolved him, but
jodurftnot^ fearingthedi(pleafureofT/^<?r/«^; therefore he condemned him to be
crucified,for faying he wa<i a king. But the miracles at his dearh, and his glorious
Refurre(3:ionthe3.day, his4odays converfation withhis Difciples, and his a-
fcenfion to heaven, (liew^that he was a king indeed ; but not of this world. There-
fore the better to advance his fpirituall kingdome, eleven days af er his alceniidn,
ontheday of Pcntecoft, he fends downe on his Apoftles afi'embled in an upper
roomc, the Holy Ghoft in form of cloven firy tongues, fo that they all began to
fpeak divers languages, preaching Chrift^ fo that at P/'/frjfirft Sermon 3 oco.
afterward 5000 were converted, the Prielts and Elders ftorming at this, impri-
foncd and whipt the Apoftles,and ftoned Steven •, but to no purpofe; for the Go-
jo fpell ftill increafed, and Saul the great per fecutor is converted, and becomes a fer-
vent preacher ^fo in 7 ycers fpace was confirmed the covenant made to Abraham & 4 o o 5, '
his pofterity; which now Peter^raul^Iohn^fhilif^dind 5/z/->M^<«f .began to communi- ^, c, 34,
cate to the Gentilesrand fo according to Dmiels Prophecy the 70 weeks arc finifhed
the dayly facrificc ended finis abolilhed and everlafting righteoufneffe eftabliihed.
At Rome fuch cruelties were exercifed by Sejanu^^ that many brave men killed
themfelves : his flatterers facrificed to hira,as well as to Tilenm^ and fwore by his
Genius. So great was his power,that Tiberim grew jealous of him^ therefore he
fent letters privately to the Scnat,to imprifon Sejanus^ which was done according-
ly 5 by Regulus the Conful, and Laco captain of the watch. His Images are broken
40 down and melted. He was flung down from the top of the Gemonian ladders, and
his body dragged up and down the ftreets by the people 3 days together: his chil-
dren were condemned to die. His daughter which was promifed to Claudius his
{bn,is firft defloured by the hangman, then ftrangled^ for it was not lawful! to put
a virgin to death. All his friends were either flain, or baniflied, or difgraced 5 and
his body flung at laft into Tibris. After his death Tiber lus was more cruellthcn be-
fore, by which it appeared that Sejams was but the inftrument of his cruclty.The
Statue oflibertynotwithftanding is ercdcd in the Forum ^ a prefagethat Rome
Ihould be ere long freed from J/^fr/wi his tyranny 5 who being defired by G alius
Afinius whom he had condemned to dy,that he would halten his death he anfwer-
50 cd : / am net yet friends rvith jou.
The reafons that moved Tiberius to deftroy his favorite were many. w':(.danger-
ous words from Sejanus againft the Prince:his caufing of him to retire to Caprex:
his great power: his marriage with Livia Drufus widow : his ruining of the houfc
ofGermanicas: his great train of fervants : his defire to be Tribune; and for that he
held I>r«/«^ prifoner, and C. C^c/Tjr at his mercy: zndyciTibenus fufpe(fled aod
hated Cajusiax lafl: he dyed, the 78 year of his age,having reigned 2 3. Some thinkc
he was poyfonedby C<ij»j; othcrSj that he was ftifledbyiii^f^'^ColojneU of the
E 2 Guards
^o Thefecond Part ofthe BoTok. i,
j4^/.3im£l.'.Gu3irds and. Cajus his cvca.zuve. ♦Which T/^rr/W perceived when he told Macro ^
y_/«y\^thathe didn7?///i? look towards the Simrifif'g. T;^fr/«/ was a wicked Prince, hated
and feared of his people •, and fo fcarfuU himfclfe by rcafon of his guilty confci-
cnce , tliat he trembled ft ill when it thundred ^ fo that then ufiially he wore a bay
garland,he was wont to call King Prumns happy, for litrvwiag all his children. His
body was carrycd by the Souldiers to Rome,and there folcmnly burned: The peo-
ple curfing him,and wifliing the M wes o r Gods ofthe dcad^not to admit his Ibule
in the company of the juft.
... . .. i^
Ch A p. XI.
I. The life and death tf/CaliguIa^w^/ ofthe Roman ard TeiviJJ} affaires under bim.
t.lhe life and death (?/Claudius, and ofatttHe memorahle accidents w JLeme^
Parthia^ Judea^ and tlfeivhere under him, 3 . 0/ Agrippa and A ntipas .
4008. ^'^ Citfar Caligula fo called from the buskin or fhoe he wore in the campe,
• where he was born,was btgot o^Cermantcus the fon ofDrufus-^ his mother
^— ^ . was Agrippma Augiifius his Ncece^ the daughter of -.4^r//'/>'«. His fucccf-
ficn was joyfull to RomCjWearied with the infolcncies o^Ttberius: &c becaufe ofthe j^-
great love the City bore to Germanicus poyfoned by Pifo^ whofe death was much
lamented by the Romans. His parents and brothers were murthered by Tiberius,
It was faid of C<7//^K//z,that he was a good fervant, but a bad mafter •, for he was
very obfequious to Tiberius, At firft he (hewed fome tokens of goodnefle by cal-
ling home the banilhed and condemned Citizens,and freely pardoning them. By
giving full power to the Senat to determine all matters without appeal to him. He
lljghtcd the information of a plot intended againft him-,faying, he feared no plots,
having never wronged any man hitherto. He baniflied ^^^////^f to Lions with his
concubin Herodiaa^eiwx^ accufcd of oppreflion by Agrippa.
But he was an enemy to Chrift, in perfecuting him in his members,whom Tibe- 30
rius would have honoured as a God, when he dcfired the Senat to admit him a-
mong their Gods.C/»;«i alfo commanded his own image, with thofeof the heathen
Gods to be ercded in the Temple of Jerufalem.He perfecuted thejews,&rejcded
4010. their Petition,and Philo their agent : he bcftowed on Herod Agrippa golden fet-
ters in lieu of his iron oncs^bccaufe he wiflicd the fuddeft death oiTjberius who im-
prifoned him,andthcfccccirion ofC<j//g«/rt J then made him king over philips
and X^/?»/4/tetrarchy: heereds a temple to himfelf, and in it his own image,
which he clothed dayly in the fame habit he went in himfelf: he would m^ke fhevv
of conference with Jtipner, as if he had been his equall. He appointed Priefts and
folemne facrifices for himfelf .He commanded Petronius Prefidcnt of Judjea to de- ^jo
dicatethe Temple of Jerufalem to his deity : which upon the Jews importunity
Petronius rcfufcd to doe •, wherefore he is condemned to dye by Cajus. But before
he heard of this fentence C4j«.y wa^ (lain. He threatned deftrudion to the Jews of
Alexandria being accufed by Appion the Grammarian^ but Phtlo pleaded for their
innocency, and comforted them with the afturance of Gods afliftancc when mans
help is turtheft off; which fell out to be true upon the death of this m.onfter, who
401 1 . fpared not his own brother Tibenus, whom he murthers treachcroufly by a Tri-
ji. C. 40. bune. He caufed it/. 5;/4«»i his father in law to cut his own throat: he deflowred
his three fiftcrs : he baniflied Agrippina and LivilU, he murthered Macro and his
wife Ennia-M^v'mg condemned at one time fome GaulSjand fome Greeks,he brag- -^
ged that he had fubdued Gallograrcia.
This tyrants whole pleafure was in fliedding of bloud, and tormenting of men
with lingring deaths^commandingthem fo to be flain that they might fecle them-
felves dye. His wifh was,that all the Romans had but one neck that he might ftrike
it offat one blow.Whofe common phrafe was, Let them hate mefo they fear me.Hc
complained that in his time there were no publick calamities,as fire.peftilence, fa-
mine, earthquakes. All kind ofcarnaU pollution he cxercifcdpublikely in his pa-
lace, '
C H A p. r I. Hiftory of the World. " 41
lace.He fpeiit above a loo and 20000 Seftertia in one yeer idly ; that being (^mt\^ii^Ju^,
raiierh intolerable tax-cs,and perlccutes all rich men for their wealth & fils the city \^/^/-\J
with bawdy houfes tor gain. He threatens Germany & Briranny with wanhc made
a bridge of (hips over the Bay olBaix almott four miles long. He threatned Gallia
with a war, but imployed his Ibuldicrs to gather and fill their helmets withfhels
and pible ftones,returning in triumph to Rome for plundering Neptune.He brag-
ged that he turned Sea into Land,and day into night, when he built his brid<^e and
bcfet it on both fides with torches in the dark. He intended to h ive murrhcred all
his chief Senators and Knights,and then to remove to Alexandria or Antnm ^ for
jpinhis clofct were found two fcroles containing the names of the chief Senators
and Knights, the one he called the fword,the othcr,the dagger-, he had alfo a great
cheft full of all fort of poyfons, which being caftinto the Sea poilbncd the filli.Buc
he was fuddenly cut oft'himfelf by Chorea CafJ/m^and CorK.Sa i/.us Tribunes,who
gave liim 50 wounds; {tabbed his wife C<«/i)^?M, and beat out the brainesof his40 i 2.
young daughter. He lived 29 yeares, and reigned or r.aged rather 3 years and 10 ^. C. 41.
moneths. •
In the mean while the Gofpell fpreads. /Wconfutcththe Jewsin their Syna-
gogues : he is commanded the 3 year of his Apoftlediip to preach to the Gentiles •,
and (o is cariyed by Barmhoi to Cilicia-, & Peter is fcnt to Comdim whom he con-
20 verts with his whole family. But Satan beftirs himfelfc to hinder the worke of
Chriftj and caufeth the Dragon with 7 heads and 1 o horns to oppofe the woman.
About this time P/74/ being thruft out of his office by r/ff///«^ the Governour of
Judea,murthers himfelf. And Caifhas was forced to refign the Priefthood to lo-
nathan thefonof Annat. A taipa^ and Hered/oi dyed miferably, and in want 5
he wasbanifliedforkeepingcorrefpondcncy with the Parthian, his Tetrarchy is
girento 4^r//^^hisaccufer ^ fo that now he hath Judea, Samaria and Ca:farca
lubjcdtohim.
So hateful! was the mifgovernmcnt of Tiherius^ that tlie Senat met in the Capi- 4012.
tol, to abolifli the Ca?farean family, and to afTert their former liberty. But the^- C41.
'_^ fouldicrs made Claudius the fon of Drufus and Uncle to Cal/gula Emperor, as he
was hiding of himfelf. For which favour he promifcd to each fouldicr 40 Scfter-
tiajwhich may be about 350 crownes. He was but a fimplc and foolifli man,other-
rWaycs he had not efcaped the cruelty of hisYndcT/henus^ nor the fury of his
brothers fon Caligula : and this benefit his folly afforded to the State ; that he be-
ing of a timerous and flexible nature , fuffercd himfelf to be ruled by wife men.
Whocaufedhim for example fake put c^<erf<i, (who was alfo cMcd Caffius^) to
death. Subimts the other Tribune killed himfelf. He repealed all the Ads of Ca-
jus : he reftored the Senat to their authority : he mitigated the rigour of fome
laws : he caufed tijofe flaves to be made f ree,who in their fickneffe were negledcd
Ao or expofcd by their Mailers -, and he took away the power of life and death which
they had over the flaves : he puniflied the ingratitude of manumifled fervants
with thelofle of their liberty. He was a lover of learning, and learned him felfc
both in Greek and Latin Mftories. He was not fuch a monfter as CaligttU , who
would have aboliihed Hemer mdVirgil. He confined the Roman bounds, Eaft-
ward with Euphrates, Northward with th? Rhene,and Daniibius,and Southward,
withtheMauritanians: Hewentinperfon,andfubduedthe Britains, and added
the Orcades to the Roman Empire.
AgriffA ufed all means to make the Jews faithfull to him,at Jerufalem he was a
ftrift obferver of thejewifti Religion:he removed firft Theophilus^xhch Stmon from
^5 ©the Priefthood, and conferred it upon J»/d»/;i.*f the brother of lomthan: he hung
up in the Temple of Jerufalem the golden fetters fcnt him by Cajus. And to pleafe
the Jews he beheaded Limes the brother of lohn^ and imp iloned Peter^ intending 4 o i 5* '
to murther him at Eafter •, biit an angel delivered him. The 3 yeare of Claudius 4 °^ 4- .
at Antioch Chrifts fpllowcrs were called Chriftians. Agriffa in the midft of his ^- ' 43»
glory at C*farea,whileft- the people in flattery called him God,was fo ftruck with
a loathfome difeafe, that in 5 days he died, being confumed with lice and vermin,
the 44. year of Ghrift, 1 0 whom fuccceded Cttfpiuf Fadas in Jud^a, For ^^rip-
E 5 /"»'s
^2 TbefecondPart ofthe Book. i.
^^^^. ^j's foil was not yet ht for government. The famine foretold by /4^/!^«j , about
^^'^il— »; this time was great^ every where, but Helena queen of Adiabcne a country in Af-
fyria helped the Chriftians with money to buy corn : Then it was that Theudas a
falfe Meflias,raifed 400 Jews againft the Romans,but the tumult was quickly ap-
pcafed, the rout routed, and he killed : Then Matthew wrote his Gofpell.P^a/and
Burnahas converted Scrgms Patiliis the Roman PrO'Confui in Cyprus to the Faith.
And ftruck E/jmafthc Sorcerer with blindncfle. Then was f^w/ caught into the
third Heaven, and (hortly after he with Barnabas preach the Gofpell through all
Afia. So doe ludas and Sylvanus.
At Rome Claudius is in danger of his life by the tumultuous people , for 10
want of corn, fo that he incouraged the Merchants, and provided fliips for im-
portation of provifion. He repaired Oftia the port town to Rome, built by Jncus
MartiHs. Hce made the great Aquxdncls called from him Aqux cUudu, fur-
nifliing the City with water, whofe fprings were 40 miles off. But he was unhap-
py in his wife Mefalim, an infatiable beaft, committing unclcannefTe without
ih^me or moderation with people of both fexcs: which occafioned Claudius to give
himfelf alfo to unlawful! pleafures and lufts : and whileft he was at Oftia with his
Concubines,(lieatRoniepublicklymarryed withe. 5/7/«j: for which caufe hec
put her to death: and withall abolillied all ftrange religions in Italy,and fupprefled
the Druides,and advanced the ancient Arufpices. 20
In Parthia were great civill wars. Geihar:!^s intending to kill his brother Jrta-
hanus invaded the kingdome. The Parthians fearing his cruelty fct up his other
brother Bardanes -, who having raifed an army meant to march as foon as he
had taken Seleucia, which he was then befieging : But in the mean while Go-
thar^es ftrengthcned himfelfe , and Meherdatts King of Aflyria did feife upon
Armenia. But fhortly after com.mon danger made the brothers friends. Bardanes
is hindredby Vibim Marfm Le§,ax. of Syria, from Armenia: he was afterward
killed by his own followe,rs,as he was hunting. Gotkir'^s for his riotoufneffc is
hated of the Parthians, who weary of his tyranny,rend private petitions to C/4«-
/3//«!f, befeeching him lo&HidkMa Meherdatcs the ion oi Fhraates^ in his Fathers 3®
4018. ^^w-
J. C. A". Whereas the fecular folemnitics were wont to beaded but ,once in i so years,
.which is the age of a man ^ yet Clauditu caufed them to be proclaimed fixty eight,
others fay fixty three years after they had been adted by Jugufius. About this
time Claudius placcth a King over the Chcrufci, a people in Germany ,who was
defcended of Aimimus^ but bred in Italy. He fends Corhulo to fupprefl'e the re-
belling Frifians. The Hedut in Gallia (now the feat ofthe Burgundians) had the
priviledge of Senators in Rome.The army being purged and muflered,which was
called in Rome condere hjlrum -, and was performed every fift year , there were
found at this time 6^p hundred, and 44 thoufand Citizens. i>/(p/wii being dead, 4©
c://?//<://«j his free men ruled there-, chiefly Pefidio hisEwtmch-, Peiybius^v/hom he
/et between the Confuls-, PaSas^whom he honoured with Prctorian robes , and
J^arci^tis his Secretary .When he complained ofthe poverty of his Exchequer, it
was anfwered, that he fhould be rich enough, if his Liberti or Free-men would
admit him into their company. Thefe tyrannifed over the people, and caufed the
old man to fall in love with his brothers daughter lulm Agriffim. Pallas the
4021. maker of this inceftuous match having had the ufe of her body, caufed Claudius to
A.C.^i. adopt her fon by Domtius Ae}t$harbus-^\\t was called Nero^ & became both fon and
fon in law to Claudius^ to the overthrow of Germamcusj whom he begot oiMejf^-
Una.. This Agnppina fent a Colonic to that City ofthe Fb/i, which from her was -^
called Colonia Agripyin t. Upon a fecond tumult ofthe people for want of corn,
C/4«^;«^ hardly cfcaped with his life. In his reign, faith P//»jy,wasfeen the Pha^-
nix in Egypt •, but Tacitus will have it inthe reign of Tiberius, which was the 34
year of Chrift, fhortly after his refurrcdion, who is *he true Phoenix. But
Exerciu in I have elfewhcre proved that the Phacnix is no fabulous bird.
^^"^•. lado being Governour of Judxa of a Jew became a Gentile, under his fuccef-
Sotl Ventidtus', an impudent fouldier, fhcwing his naked genitals in dcrifiontothe
Jews
.■Chap. 12. Hiflory of tbe (VorlL
43
Jews,raifcd fuch a fedition at the feaft of unleavened beard, that in it 20000 An.Mmidi.
Jews were flain. Meher dates hoping by the help of Ca]:'.s Caj'ius to obtain Par- \uf\r%J
t])ia, and failing of that aid which was promifed by the Adiabmt and EdeiJem fell
into the hands of Cowr;^?/ :, who cut off Lis ears, after Go/.ir'^f^ fucceeded Vono-
nes who lived obfcurclyt, \-\\%{QxvVologe\'es fucceeded. The Jews and Samari-
tans inveterate enemies, were animated by their Governoiirs, Cimamis prefidtnt
of Judxa , and Fdtx of Samaria, to mokft each other by inroades, which they
did, fometimcs fpoiling and kiUmg each other in ambuih'es, fometimes in open
battel!. But ^'W;'rf/»jihe Governourof Syriri fetthe Province at quietneffe
10 and revenged the death of the Roman fouldiers,thcn being authorifed by cUadius
to punifh the Procurators if guilty. He condemned Cummus^ but advanced Felix
into the Tribunall among the Judges, though both were equally guilty. Cuma-
nus is fent to Rome with Ananus the High Prieft, and An.xmis the Captain.
cUiiditis the 12 year of his reign beftowcd lurea and Trachonitis on Agr/p.
fa the younger. Feltx prefuming on his brother PjI//s greatneffe intifed
DruftlU from her husbands bed, and marry ed her. A'!^ri king oi Emefa v/as her
husband.
About this time Claudius baniflieth the Jews out of the City/or raifing tumults 4020.'
againft the Chriftians. With them AquiU and rnfcilU of Jewes now made
aoChriftians, are forced to fly to Corinth •, where f^w/ met them, havinc^ preached
in Macedonia to the Philippians and ThclTalonians. At Athens Paul converted or 4 ° ^ °'
at leaft confirmed I>/<';»)i/?«"j the Arcopagite,in the Faith by his dodlrine and mi-^- ^' 5*^'
racks. From thence he wrpte to the TheCTalonians, at Corinth he found SiLts and
Timothy returned from Macedonia , and being much oppofed he preached
the Gofpell to the Greeks. In the 13. year of Claudius a Sow brou<yht
forth a Pig J having the Iharpe talons of an hawke. Which portended
Ner0 that mortly fucceedcd, for he was a rapacious tyrant, and the fonne of a
Strumpet. ^^n/)/>/;74 being affrighted at a fpeech let fall from c/^w^/wj in his
drink,wbich was, that it was fatall for him to bear with his wives lewdnefle and
' BOthenpuniflithem, fliee infufed poyfoninto a Muihrome, in which he delighted
much, and becaufe he had then a loofenelTe, which might hinder the operation
of the poyfon , flie procured Xenofhon the Phyfitian tothruft a feather down
his throat dipt in ftrong poifon ^ pretending it would make him vomit : fo he
dyed in the 64 year of his age , having reigned 1 5 years and 9 moneths. Shee 4 *^ ^ j,
concealed his death, iiWNero his fon in law ::had ftrengthened himfelf in the^' ^' 5^*'
Empire. < . : .• ' .' '
In his time Helem Qiiccn of Adiabenc was converted : fo was E:(ates the King
andv^^<«^kingof Edefla. Philip the Apoftle was crucified at Hierapolis in
Afia for preaching Chrift,and then was ftoned to death. Simoa Magus was ho-
' 4° noured with a Statue,andthe title oiHoly God. And yet the Mathematicians were
driven out of die City,fortheir juggling tricks-, and who a greater juggler then
Simon MdgMl Paul efcaped ftoning at Lyftra. Peter reftores dead Tabitha to
life. In the iEgean Sea there ftarted up an Ifland of 30 Stades. claudim caufed
the lake Fucinus t\fS^ a^tdi Lago do Mar^oXQ be drawn dry, by the dayly toile
of 30000 workmen,but to no purpofe.In his time alfo departed the Virgin Mar't
being 59 years old. Peters wife was martyred 5 and the Synod of the Apoftles
held the 16. year after Chrifts rcfurrecftion , and the 8. year of Claudim his
rcignc.
CHA"ir/xH ' '■'■■'■■
1, The wicked life and death of 't^tto. i. The affairs of Germa/jy^ Britain Par'
thia^ and Armenia at that time. 3 .The miferable condition of ludM^Galilee^d'C,
l^fro the laft and worft of all the C«e/4^j (for he outrun Caligula his Vnclc in4 o 2 57
^f^aUHndeofwickednefleJ began his reign the. Jjyear of Chrift, he beings, c, 5j^
then
'^^ TbefecondPartofthe Book. i.
Jn7AFmJ/.'t.hcn ly^^rs of age he commits the government of allthing*; to his mother. He
v-^s'-v-"'?^ rolemnitedtheruneralsof cUud.m. He made great (liew of a vertuoiis l-rincc
for 5 years, promiiing he would be another Attguftm. He either remitted or mi-
tigated heavy taxes. When being deiired to fubfcribe to the condemnation of one,
who was to lliffer •, his anfwer was : Imjh I couldnotwnte. Burrhusv/^shisin-
tor for miUtary affaires, Scfiec^n for Philofophy and Oratory : In his childhood he
learned allthelibcrall Arts. But his Mother kept him back from the ftudy of
Philofophy,affirming (butfooliflily,andhkeherfelfe) that it was repugnant to
princely Government : and that Seneca might make his own Oratory the more ad-
mired by Nero, he hindred him from reading the ancienc Orators •, therefore he jo
applycd himfelf to painting, graving, finging,and verfifying.
Under Nero Pontus was made a Province, he began to (liake ofFhis mother for
reproving his doating upon ^c7^ the freed woman. He removed Pj//^^ her fa-
vorite, and match maker with Clatidim, from all Government ^ and being jealous
of Britannictii the true fon of cltudmsj who was now 14 years old, and of a to-
waidly diipolition, and whom v4;fr/"/'^.'»4 threatned to eftabhfli in the Empire,
Nero by the help of Loctipi a nai ghty woman, poyfoned him-, who falling down
dead at the drinking thereof,made all at the table amazed ; but NerP^as if he knew
nothing,gave out that he was fubjed to the Falling fickneffe. But the fame night
he cauicd his body to be burned , and to be buried in Campus Murtim •, at which so
time thete werefuch ftorms and fhowres, that the people took this foranevill
prcfage : he rewarded Locnjh. Then he went about in ferviU apparell, among the
bawdy houfes, where he received many a knock,vvhich he bore patiently, becaufc
he would not difcover himlcl/. He allowed to Valerius Ma^ala^ and other decayed
gentlemen yearly ftipends. Wars between the Romans and the Parthiaiis increafed
dayly, under Bomnius C^r/ia/a^ about Armenia, which had been conquered by
Luatlitis iLnd Pompry, but now fallen otf. At la ft T»-/<a^4?f^ King thereof was
by the help of Antiochus Ccmager.us, and Pharafmems (orccd to yeeldto Cor-
lulo after he had taken Aitaxata the chiefe City, and evened it with the
ground. i^
4033. After this Ner$ being taken with the love of Po^faa. firft made her his Con-
A.C.6^. cubine (her husband i'd/^-/^* o/^<7confentingtoit) then he marryed her, having
firft murthered his own wife O^uvia the daughter of Claudius. About this time
' • the Frifian Embafladours at Rome, perceiving that in /^w^fj'j Amphitheater
• ■ • the Embafladours ofthofe Nations who were faithfull to Rome, fat among the
Senators •, they alfo I'at down, faying that no nation was more faithfull to Rome
then the German, which was taken well by the fpedators- About the fame time
aUo the Hermundudquarrelhng with the Catti,both being German, people a^
bout Salt pits, the Catti were overthrown. Popp<ea often folicited Nero to
make away his mother, as if flie intended his death. Therefore he put herein a fliip 40
that could eafily fallafunderintheSea-, but having efcaped that danger,he cau-
fed Auicetfti his freed man to murthcr her. At which horrid ad the Sunnc fo-
dainly was darkened, and at Rome a woman was brought to bed of a Snake,and
Nero himfelf tortured with an evill confcicnce, and with the ghaftly fights of his
mothers ghoft, perfuing him with whips and firebrands-, he gave himfelfc after
this toalluncleannefle, and cruelty: For he caufed himfelf to be marryed in the
manner and apparrell of a Virgin. Upon the fight of a Comet, he caufed many
of the Nobility to be murthered, faying, that Comets ufually portend Mortality.
He ufed to fifh with golden nets, and to wafli himfelf in pretious ointments. He
ufed to fing to the harp,and to be ftill exercifed in the race of chariots. But in the j^j
midft of his jollity ,whileft Pdulmtis was taking m of Mona or Anglefey, the Bri-
tains invade the Roman Colony at Camalodunum or Maldon in Eflex, where
70000 Romans and their aflbciates were killed,but Pattlinta returning with an ar-
my of 1 0000 killed 80000 Britains. His fuccefTour ^urplUntu lived idly without
afting any thing.
At Rome 400 flavcs are killed, becaufe Pedianmxht town Prcefed was mur-
thered by a flave. j5»rr^^ is poyfoned by Nero^ by which Af;?f^<i's power was
HllKh
Chap. 12. Hifiory of the IForll. 45
much weakened. P.ilLts alfo is poyfoned •, otJai/ia's head is brought into the city jr}. Muudi.
by Anicetm who killed Agri^pna^ and great folemnity isuled in the Temples ; k^TsT^^
the bafe and degenerated Senat in the interim applauding and flattering Ntroin all
his aiftions. dR^enntm P£tm who bafely yecldcd Armenia to Fologejes the Par-
thian, was pardoned by A^'^rrf. But C<;^^«///j forced T/Wj/'^j to lay down his re-
gal diadem at the feet of iV^r^'s image, and to receive it from Cf/wr^ hand. iV^-
ro alfo was the firft that perfccuted the Chriftians openly in the lo year of his
reign. Pnul is accufed by the Jews before the Deputy of Achaja^ and is by him
abfolved. From thence he went to Ephefus , then to Jerufalem, and then at An-
10 tioch he told Peter^ that none (liould be compelled to Judaiim who had fub-
mittedthemfelvesto Chrift.- having confirmed the Dilcip'les through Galatia
and Phrygia,hercturneth to Ephefus where he layeth his hands on the izmen
whom ylfoRcs had baptized ^ and they fpake with firy tongues. Then he difputed
in i\\&{choo\oi Tjranms^ and by handkerchers and aprons he wrought mira-
cles confirming the Gofpell in Afia. So that the books of Exorcifts were burned,
and the woriliip of Diana at Ephefus ovcrrhrowne 5 at which Demetrius the
Silver-fmith ftormed, and raifed a tumult, out of which P4«/ efcaped,and went
to Macedonia, leaving there T//»<?r^)i,to whom he wrote an Epiftle, and another
to Titus Bifhop of Crete. After this he wrote to the Corinthians from Philippi,4 o * 4*
20 he thought to have returned to Ephefus, but being in danger of the Jews, goeth
again to Macedonia. Thence by Titus and Luke he writes again to the Corinthi-
ans, and from thence to the Romans. In his journey at Troas he reftores Etttj-
chm to life, then at Jerufalem he was fet upon by the Jews, but was refcued
by cUudus Lyftas : and comforted by Chrift himfelfe. Hec pleads before
Claudiui^ Felix and Drufi/Ia. But Felix is afrighted at the laft judgement 5
being guilty of the raurther o^lenathdn the High Prieft, and of his own inconti-
nent life.
Felix having fet up /y>»/tf/ a tyrant in /tf»^M*wi Pontifical! chair, and having4^^^*
delivered over Paul bound to his fucceflbur Portius Fejlm^ to pleafe the Jewes
30 whom he had offended •, he is called home to Rome, where he had juftly fuffcred
for his mifgovernment , but that his brother Pallat by his grcatnefTe proteded
him. Fefttti fends P4»/to Rome, as himfelf defired, whither he arrived the
next year after his (bipwrack, and is committed to the charge of Af ramus Bur-
rhtti. He lived two years in his own houfc With his keeper : in which time he con-
verted fome Jews. From thence he wrote to the Galatians and Ephefians. He40*8t
fends abroad divers Difciples 5 cals Timothy and Mark out of Afia : He wrote
to the Philippians by Efafhroditm^ to the Cololfians, and to Philemon by Tychi-
cm^ ftiewing that he hoped to be fet free by Nero^ who troubled not himfelf with
any religion, but with that of the goddefle Syria. By Timothy alfo Paul wrote to
40 the Hebrews : being delivered out of the mouth of the Lion, and difmifled after
tVvo years confinement by Nero. He goeth to Afia with Lttke^ who then wrote
the Ads of the Apoftles : he taught alfo in Macedonia, Italy, Spain, and other
places. Pf^fr was at this time in Rome, who came thither the letond year of Clau-
dius. Here he wrote his two Epiftles.P4«/ returns again to Roipe,and is beheaded . ,
by Nero. He had familiarity with Seneca. Peter with his prayers overcame Simon 4 ° 3 ^' .
Jtf/i^«;,who offeringtoflyintheairby his Magick, fell down and broke his neck. -^' ^* •
Peter is crucified, and many Chriftians killed upon fufpicion that they had fet the
City on fire, which was done by Nero himfelf. Who whileft the City was on
flames fung the lliades of Troy. Many Chriftians were covered with wild Beafts ^ ,
50 skins , and caft to dogs to be torn by them ^ fome were burned j Lucan the Poet, 4 ° 3 ?
and Seneca the Philofopher were flain With many other worthy and innocent nrtn,
as ifthey hadbecnconfcious of P/p'sconfpiracy. Petronius ^r^z/^r was killed
alfo.This tyrant bani(hed Ruftis Mufonius the Philofopher with many other brave
mcn;,and killed his own wife Poppaa being great with child, with a kick of his foot.
There did die alfo in one Autumn 30000 of the Plague.
After this he crowned Tiridates, and killed Cerbulo that conquered him ; he
went to Greece where he afted the Stage-player, and then attempted to cut the
IJihmus
^ 46 Thefecond Part of the B 0 o k. i.
An.Mundi l(lhmtis ofPcloponnefus. So having wafted the treafurc, he fals to exadtions and
L,tf'»N/'"'«4hJ rapine, permitting no rich man to enjoy his own. Hefpoiledall trading; hee de-
ftroycd all his kindred 5 bur the world being wcary of 14 years ilavery under fuch
a monftcr, began to caft off the yoak. Wherefore the Gaules under Inlms VmdeXj
and Spain under Gir/^4 revolted; the news ot which being brought to him at Na-
ples, he fwounded. He had heard of r.Wfx his revolt the fame day he killed his
mother. But when he heard that the other armies were fallen off, that Galba was
marching againft him,th3t he was proclaimed Traitor by the Senat , that he was
condemned to have his head fet in a fork, and whipt to death ^ about midnight he
floleout of thccity, with 5/)or/// his Eunuch ("to whom he marryed himfelf,af. 10
ter the death of P<)^^^4) and a few more, hee being alfo afrighted with an
earthquake, and the gaftly apparitions of thofe he murthered, cries out, havi
40 3 9' I netther friend nor foe lefti and lb fals on his fword, and Epap/jroditus difpatch-
Ji. C. 6p. eft, him the $3 year of his life and the 9 month -, the 13 year of his reign and 8
month.
In Judca Ananias the fon of Annas the High Pricft put to death with many o»
thzxs, James the fon o^AlphxKs and brother of our Lord,afrer he had been Bilhop of
Jerufilem 30 years. Ananiashcing depofed for his lewdncfle, Jgrippa lets up lefus
the fon ot Damn^usf and fhortly after another ^f/«^ fonne of G4w/i//f/, which
caufed civill quarrels. ^/^/«»i governed ludea a while tyrannically , to whom*®
fucceedcd Geffius floms, as great anopprcflburas the former-, who laughed at
the lews Petition which they preferred to Ga/lus Deputy of Syria, againft him.
Flortis cxafperatcd the lews by his facriledge, and they him by railing and upbraid-
ing fpecches, denying to deliver up the chief authors as was demanded, where-
fore the fouldiers plundered the city and killed divers. The lewes finding no re-
dreffe of their oppreffions, about the 12 year of iVfr<?,fe]l upon the caftle Majfada,
403 8/ and killed all the Romans in it. Blea'^er Nephew of Anna the High Pricft who
mocked Chrift, perfwaded the Priefts not to facrifice any more for Cafar. Agrip-
/<i'sgarrifon of horfe is driven out of the city,and the Roman Garrifon contrary to
taith and promife murthercd.v^«4»w the Prieft, with divers others are killed for 5°
perfwading them to moderation. Uponthefabbath day 20000 lews are flain at
Cefarea. At Alexandria 50000 lews were dcftroyedj the Greeks and the Syrians
that dwelt among the Jews went to wrack. Thusbeganthevvarthat utterly ruined
the Jewifh nation, prcfagcd fome yeers before by the Sword comet hanging o\»er
the city a whole year^by a fuddcn light that fliined in the Temple for half an hovvcr
at Eafter; by the brazen eaft gate oi the Temple, which flew open of it fclf, and a
voice was heard, faying ; Depart hence. Armed men were feen in the aiv.Onc^e/us
4« 3 5, the fon of Ananns tor divers ycarscryed out rvoe to lerufalem, and with this woe in
his mouth he dyed.
Gal/us Governour of Syria, came afore Jerufalcm with an Army, but was rcpul- 40
fed with the loftc of 5 000 foot, and 1000 horfe. The Jews encouraged with this
fucceffCjlcavy new Forccs,choofe new Commanders, and commit the care of both
Galilecs to Anams the Prieft, and lofephus the fon of Matthias. But the Chrifti-
ans got out of Judea by times, fearing the fudden ruinc of that countrey. Fefpa-
Jian famous for his fucceffe in Britanny and Germany, is fent by Nero into Syria.
His fon Titus was his Le^at or Deputy. Sepphoris the chiefe city of Galilee ,
opened their gates to Vefpafian : there quickly he got an army of doooo out
of iEgypt, Syria, and the neighbouring places. loj'ephs Forces being too weake
to make refiftancc, Gadara is taken, then Japha where 15000 Galileans are flain,
the Samaritans on Mount Garizim arc defeated by Sextus Cerealis ^ where they j^
loft 1 1000 and 600. Jotapata after a long fiege uader lofephus^wzs, taken by Vefpafi-
<*»withthelofleof4oooo Jews thci3 yczroi Nero. I ojephusytddshimkli to Fe-
Jpajian,znd isby him kindly wkdJoppe^Tiberias^Tarichea arc taken.So great was the
slaughter of Galileans, that the whole Lake of Gcnnafcrcth was infeded with the
dead bodies. Above 30D00 were fold,6ooo are fent to Nere^xo dig the Ifthraus.T/-
tus his horfe was flain under him, but having backt an other, he .killed his enemy.
Galilee being fubducd Fefpafian intQad^ to fall upon Judea,biitrefolvcsto de-
fer
Chap. i^. Hiftory of the IVorlL 47
fer the fiegc of Jcrufalcm, becaufc he underftood by fomc fugitives, rhat they wcrey^>?. Mundi
like to de'ftroy one another within the city, which now was the neft of ail unclean \.jr\r%U.
birds, and the fink of thceves and rogues, which had no fear of God before them.
The rich went to wrack , the High Prieft Amnus was thruft out , and one
fhittneas an ignorant clown put in his place. The people arc inccnfed aoainft
the Zelotes, who feemcdtobe moft eager for their law. Now the Temple is
become a den of thceves, and receptacle ot all the feditious rour. The Zelotes
arc bcficged, who in the night let in 20000 Idumeans, they fall to skirmilliing fo
fiercely that 8000 were found dead the next morning. Amms the High Prieft,and
ID moft of the prime citizens arc killed, befides 12000 of the meanner fort. Fe-
fpafian in the mean time fubdues Pera-a driving the Inhabitants before him to
Jordan. Whom P/^kt/Wwj the Tribune deitroyed. 15000 were flaine by. the
fword, befides unknown multitudes which were drowned in lordan, and in the
dead Sea. But as Vefpafian was preparing to fct downe before lerufalem ,
newcs arc brought of iV^re's death, which fomewhat retarded the war.
Chap. XIII.
*^ I . The affairs of Rome under Galba,Otho, Vitellius, Vefpafian, Titus arid Do-
mitian. 2 . The utter defiru£iion ef^erufalem^ andjlavery imfofed on the oh-
Jlimte^ews. 3. Some j)affages ofVarthia^ Armenia^and other parts.
OErgitts Gaiha in Spain was chofen Emperor by the fouldiers, and confirmed by ^ q 3 8.'
*^theSenat. He had been Commander over the German and Spanifh Forces,but ^, C.'yi^
fo fcvere, that when he came into the campc, they ufed to fiy .• Sou Idlers learn to y^ ^^ §24.
fght, this is Gallia, not GetuUcus^ He was infamous for fodomy, gluttony and co-
vetoufncfTc. When the fouldiers demanded of him a donative, he anfwered that.
Bee ufed to ehoofe^ net to buy fouldiers. Which fpeech was very diftafttull,for the
'30 fouldiers ufed to receive from their Generalls donatives or military rewards,
which was either Adorea a meafure of corn, or a chain, orabracelet, or horfe-
trappings, or haflafuray a fpcar without an iron point; or elfe garlands. There-
fore as (74/^4 was never too well loved by the fouldiers, fo now hec is cxtreamly
hatsd ; and fo much the more, becaufe he was now altogether ruled by Cornelius
Laco^ Ti. Vinius^ and Icelus^ all three infamous ; the firft for pride, the fecond for
cove toufneffe, and the third forfluggiflinelTe.Thefc three infcorn were called Gal-
k.is pedagogues or tutors. He was flain by the fouldiers in the Forum, as hec
came to appeafethe tumult of Otho's Legions, who would have him to be Em-
perour. His head was cut off by a private fouldier, and carryed about on a pole,
40 that Otho might fee it ; but be dcfired rather to fee the head of Licinius Pifo
whom Galha had adopted , and thought to have made him his fuccellbur in the
Empire. This head alfo was brought to otho ; and Galha's three tutors were
killed. Thus ended G<i/^^ being 73 years old, and having reigned 7 months:thc
Scnat would have erefted a ftatue for him , but Fefpajian hindered it , becaulc
he had heard that Galha had employed fome fouldiers to muriher him in ludara.
Otho fucceeded, but reigned not above three months, he perceiving that GalU
preferred Pifo tohim; partly by bribes, partly by fair words, induced the fouldi-
ers being angry with Galha^io murther him, and then to confer the Empire on him-
felf. But Ihortly after hearing that Vitellius was niadc Emperor in Germany by
50 his fouldiers.- herefolvedto endthecontroverfieihabattell. Three battels were
fought, in which Of ^0 had the better: But in the i-ourth he was defeated 5 and
then out of impatience, he flew himfelf, the 3 8 year of his age, to the great grief of
the people, who had great hopes of his good government. He was ib well be-
loved of his {ouldiers,that divers of them, looking on his dead body killed them-
felves:in his younger years(its thought)he was Nero's Catamit,& rival for popp^a.
Aulus Vitellius returning viftortoRome, was faluted Emperor by the Senat.
In his younger daycs Tiberius made ufe of him for his body, Cajus for his skill in
charioting
^8 ThefecondPartofthe Book, i.'
An.MmJi charrioring, Chitdms and Nero lor his cunning in dicing. He was fo poor, when
v-^^^V'sswJ he was fcnt to Gj/^/i to Germany, that he was fain to let out his hoiife and to fhut
up his wife and children in a hired chamber : he was fo kinde to the fouldiers, that
they chofc him Emperour, but when he was viewing the dead bodies in the camp
where Otho's^aimy was defeated, he let fall an unfavoury word more unpieafing
to the carj then the dead carcaffes were to the eye : A flam enemy (mels well^ httt a
ctuT^n ^mrr. Hcmadehimfelfperpctuall Conful : he was a notorious glutton.
HiS brother Vitellius beftowed a fupper on him, at which befides other cheer there
were 7000 birds and 2000 fiilies. He barboroufly murthered Sabinus VeffaftAns
brother, with all the Flavians in the Temple of the Capitoll, by fetting it on fire 10
whileft they were in it; wherefore the Syrian, and Pannonian, and Maefian fouldiers
fel off from him to Vfffafiars.hs the Spanifh had done before to Calha^ihe Prjerori-
anto 0/^<', and and the German to r-tf/Zw; whohadufed all meancs poffible to
keep the fouldiers faft to him , but in vain ^ wherefore feeing himfelf circumven-
ted by his enemies, and forfaken by his friends, he hid himfelf, in the palace, but
being drawn out thence, was carried about naked , wit h his hands bound behindc
him, and with the point of a fword his chin held up, that all might fee his impu-
4040. dent face, which the people defaced with dung and dirt, and fo is dragged to the
Gemonian ladders, and there is beat to death with innumerable blowcs. Having
lived 57 years, and reigned 8 moncths, he with his fon and brother are drowned in*®.
Tiber.
In this civill war Cremona was burnt and fackt after it had ftood 286 years,
no thing was left untouched, but the Temple of Mephitis or goddelTe of ftink>,
which flood without the wall. In the ciry were killed 50000. In Iuda?a fire
and fword raged every where, chiefly at lerufalcm. One Johannes fonnc of
X/i/;«j,andonc 5/w»<>«, twofeditious ring- leaders filled the Temple with bloud
and dead bodies. Vefpafian underftanding the good fucceffe his Army|ihad in
Italy againfl the Vitellians, made haft homeward, and leaves his fon T/Vw, with
fome choice Regiments to fubduc lerufalcm > almoft fubducd by inteflinc _
wars. i^
The fliort but furious ftorm of clvill war being overblown , there fuccccds a
fudden ferenity under Flavius Veffafunus yVtho had been Deputy in Germany un«'
der Claudius: and had fought 30 battels with the Britains. One time ^cing in iV^-
re's company he was like to have been killed by hira,becaufe he gave ho better car
to hismufickwhilefl he wasfinging: as he was concealing of himfelf from Nero's
fury, the government of ludxa, with an army is conferred on him. Whileft Otffa
and Fitellifisvjcue tearing che Roman State in pecccs, he was incouraged by his
friends to undertake the Empire, which he refuted, till Tibems Alexander prefi-
dent of Egypr,had revolted to him with his Legionsiwhofe example others follow-
ed : and fo at laft being pcrfwaded by Mncianus promifing him the aid of his Army, 4<?
he refolvcd to venture- the armies of Egypt,Iudara,Syria,fwcar allegiance to him,
Sehemus^ Antiochus^ Agriffa^ all powcrfull Princes and Commanders ; Queen
Berenice alfo with all the Provinces of Aflaand Achaia proffer their afliftancc; bc-
fidcs he is animated by the priefts, Arufpices,and divers prodigies, chiefly of a
cyprefTe tree which fell down, and the next day rofc up again of it felf in his ground,
more green and fragrant then before. Antonius prifnus' 3.K0 a ftout Commander
under Galba^ having the command of the 7. Lcgion,fubmits to Fefpafan^ith ma-
ny other Legions. Julius Sabinns who had named himfelf Ciefar^ lay hid 9 years
together under ground in a cave with his wife, by whom he had two fons, this vain
man with an army of malc-contcnt?;3fct upon the Sequanians, and is beat by thcra*, 50
in his flight he fet the village on fire,wherehe hid him felf a while, fo that it was '
thought he had burnt himfelf, till now that he was found, and put to death for
his folly,
lerufalcm in the mean time is torn with three fa<5lions, to wit, of Simons and
4 4 0 i^ ^"^"^ ^''■'0 ^^^ the wals and city, and o^EieaT^rs in the Temple. Which ^ohn
got poficflionof, by cutting off Elea\ars Forces. Titus fat down before the wals;
the bcfiegers ra.ide divers faUics,but were ftill beat back with lofTe/ the famine
within
Chap. 13. Hiflory of the IVorlL 49
withm was great-, for being the time of unleavened bread, multitudes of people y^«. M:'-:ii
had flocked thither. So great was the famine,that from the midft of Apnll to the v,-<i'^/"^»»J
firftofjuly, there dyed within the wals above 700000: fome were glad 10 cat
their own excrements, fome their own children. Many fled out of the city, of
which number 200 i in one night had their bellyes ripe by the fouldiers thinking
they had hid their gold there. At laft the city being intrenched round about was
taken the 8. of Auguft. And two dayes after the Templc(which Titu; would have
faved but could not)was burned with multitudes of people in it.In one porch there
were burned 6000. there dyed in all 1 1 hundred i oco. Of C.jptives there were
10 taken 97ooo,as^(;yj'/'^/^ who was prcfent,wiinc{I"eth. T///^ levelled all with the
ground, except a few towers, which hee let ftand to witneffe to pofterity,
the ftrcngthot that place. He burned and dcftroycd by wild beafts 2500 cap-
tives.
Titus returning to Rome had the honour of a Triumph beftowed on his father
and him:in this triumph was carryed the golden table,& golden candleftick and the
Law,which was laid up afterward in the palace.The two chief adors in the rebcili-
KXi^S.mon and ^<'^/7,were both beheaded in the Forum. C^f///'^^ Ba^iu took the two
caftles Herodion and Machanus, partly by ftorm, partly by furrendcr. He fle ,v
300© that fled into the woods : all the land of Jud^ra was fold by C£[ar, except
20 Emaus, which was beftowed upon 800 fouldiers for their habitation. Tie dii-
drachma or 1 5 /. of our money, which by the law was payable to the Temple by
every Jew above 20 years old, is commanded to be brought every year into the
Capitoll.- the caftleMaflada which held out laft, under Eleazarnephew of ^'^a-
das GitltUm^ who had 1000 fouldiers in it, was let on fire by Flavtus Syha-^ the
garrifon within being defperate killed one another,except fome children, and two
women that hid themfelves. So hkewife divers Jews having fled to Egypt, fuffer-
cd all kind of tortures rather then they would acknowledge C<cy./r for their Lord^
who were notwithftanding flavcs to their own wills and wickednefle. This obft
nacy made Vefpafian deflroy theJewiihTemple at Heliopolis,which had flood 553
30 years, fince it was built by (9»/<*f.The Jews of Cyrene being feduced by one ^ena-
;/>/«* an impoftor incurred the difpleafure of Oi/«//^ the Governour , who flew
3000 of them-, and accufed as many more of rebellion both at Rome and Alexan-
dria amongft whom was ^ofephus the hiftorianjbut this tyrant miferably died
fliortly after.
The Alani,apeopIeoiiginally Scythian, about this time breaking through the
Cafpian ftraights, which are narrow pafTages eight miles in length through rocks,
but icarfe the breadth ofa cart, fall upon iVIedia and Armenia with tire and fword,
fo that Tirid/iteshng of Armenia hardly efcaped. Feffuifa» denyed to aid the
Parthians in this cafe, being they were not under the protedion of Rome. King
40 ychgefes in his letter to Fejpafiajt cals himfelfe king of kings. Which vain title
refpafia}} rc^ptovcs not, but returns it modeftly to him in his anfwer. Now was
Achaja^Ljaa^Rhodw^By'^ntium^Samos^ Thraaa^ Cil'.cia^ Coi,:'agenemz.Cit Pro-
vinces. In his time divers Cities were overthrown with earthquakes, which he re-
ftored.Not long before his death appeared a Comet, which he merrily faid por-
tended not his death, but rather the Parthian kings,who wore long hair.
Fefpajiim was a wife and moderate Prince.He fet all things aright which were a-
rniffc. In his time the Temple of ^-w//^ is lhut,which is now the fixt time,fince the
beginning of Rome. In 120 triumphs^never was it known that the Father and fon
triumphed in the fame chariot till now. Neither fince the beginning of the Em*
50pirc, had any Emperor a fon which fuccceded him, till Fiffafian. He pafled by
many wrongs, he never delighted in any mans death, but fometimes wept, when
the ientence of death was pronounced. He loved learned men, and appointed
yeerly flipends out of the Exchequer for Rhetoricians of both languages. He
placed many Garrifons in Cappadociato keep out the incurfions of barbarous na-
tions : by day he fuffereci the gates of his Palace to ftand open without any guard.
He was not moved with the fcofi's of Bcrmtrais Cymctes^but flighted theai,faying;
J ufe not to kill barkitjg dogs. Only he was taxed for ufing fo many vvayes to raife
F money
tfo ThefecondPartofthe Book. 2,
AnJdiiiJi moncyT^'hich he excufcd, by flicwing how tlie Treafures had been e xhaufted by
l«?^/'4n-i the loofncffe of his predecefi'ors : which made him fell pardons fomctimes, and ufe
his officers like fpimges. When Titns reproved him for laying a tax upon urine,
holding the money to his nofe, he told him that the money did not fmell, though
the urine did.In his time Linus Bifliop of Rome was martyred. He dyed of a flux,
but would dye ftanding,<«:f it became an Emferor^ht was 65? years old.
A050. Titus cd.\\tdiz\(ore[fafian^ the delight of mankinde, from his goodneflc fo
A, C. *8o. named, was excellent both in literature and armes -, in all vertues he exceeded his
r*C. '830. father. In his younger years he was riotoufly and wantonly given, fpending
' * much tim.eidlcly with Queen £f/-?wff, that many were afraid he would have 10
proved another iVfr<> ^ but on a fudden he fo reformed himfelf and his Court,that
lie put away Bcrenice^iin^ all abovit him that were lewdly affcded. He never took
any thing by opprcflion, and yet no Prince more munificent. He never fuffered
any Petitioner to depart without hope, faying : No man ought to de^m out of the
Princes frcfcfice rvith a [ad countcnarice. He confirmsd all favours granted by his
fuperiors to any, by one Edift. Whereas the former Emperors gave new Patents
for every particular favour, as if they had been the firft doners. One night at fup-
per calling to mind that he had not granted any favour that day, to any man, he
cryesout: Alas friends we have lofi a day. He was fo mild that not only did he
pardon two prime men, that confpired againft him-, but at a publick fliew he made 20
them fit down by him, and calling for a (word, to try the edge of it , delivers it
firft to the one, then to the other ^ faying : Powers are given hyfate^ and m vajne
doe men attempi anygreat a^ion^ out of fear te hfe^ er hope to obtain. When he
underftood that his brother X><?w///Wnntendedtrcafon againft him, he told him
weeping, that he needed netfeek to obtain that by treachery, which he WiU to have of
him willingly-^ and the rather bccaufe he had already made him his colleague in the
Empire. Hebanifhedall informers^ and relieved thofe that were opprcfled,
chiefly thofe of Herculamira and Pompeii, which two towncs were overthrown
with an Earthquake and the eruption of the hill Vefuvius, which in Tttus his time
flamed out 3 dayes and nights together. Where the older P//»)i loft his life in 30
venturing tooncretofearchthecaufe. The afhes of this burning darkened the
Sun, and were carrycdasfar as Rome, Africa, Syria, and Egypt. T/Vw to the
great grief of all good men dyed ftiortly after, the Provinces grieving as if they
4. o 5 2. ^^^ ^^^ ^ 'Father. It was thought that Demttian poyfoned him,he lived 39 years, j
A.C. 8i. li^O'^'^hs and 2 5 dayes.
J" /4i//»j X'£»?//z<?;B«if making more haft then good fpeed to be Emperor, caufed
his brother to be ftrctchcd out for dead, before the breath was out of his body. In
the beginning of. his Government, he gave himfelf to catching and kiUing of gnats
andflies, asifhehad wantcdimploymcnt: fothat one asking if c afar had any
company with him, it was anfvvered by Fibius Criftw^ nctfo much as afiye. He re- aq
pudiated his wife, and then received her again. There was in him a ftrange med-
ly of vice and vertue^ till at laft his vices prevailed. He forbad the gelding of boys?
he fupprefted private ftage-playes and Libels, puniftiing the Libellers. He thruft
Caciiius RHpnus out of the Senat bccaufe he delighted in dancing. He fuffered not
whores to inherit : he punifhed informers,faying -, that nottopmij])fuch^ were to
incouragethem. He was at firft liberall and abhorred bafcncffe : he was foskilfull
in arching, that he could (hoot his arrowes between ones fingers ftretched out,and
not hurt them. He was careful! in repairing of decayed Liberarics, and fupplying
of them with coppics from Alexandria and clfewherc.Bwt he was of a cruell and
fierce nature,given to luft alfo and wantonnefle , which he ftiewed in his younger 50
ycars,whilcft his father and brother were abfent in Judaa/or then he ufed to com-
mit adultery .with noble mens wives.
Aftrologers had foretold Dowitian ^thax he fliould be murthered^which made him
fierce, and fufpitious of almoft every man. He never loved any man but in fliew,
and his pride was fuch, that with Caligula he aftumcdthc title of it'ri and God.
His hatred to the Jews, made him rage alfo againft Chriftians, for under him was
the fccond perfecution , in which ^ohn the Evangelift was banifliedtothelfle
Patlunos
C H A p. I . Hifiory of the JVorli ; 51
Pathmos where he wrote his Revelation : underftanding that one of the feed of>^;?. Mundi
D4w^ fliould be univcrCUl King, he caiifed all of that feed to be fought out and U^'V^V^
killed. He either banifhed, or difgraced, or murthered the prime men of the Se- ~ ""
nat. He flew his neereft kinfmen, upon pretence that they favoured Chriftianity.
Under him Clemens loft his life 5 immediately followed thundering for 8 months,
fo often, that he cryed out, Let ttnewfirtke^ whom it will. The Capitoll with
thetops of fome other buildings, and his own chamber were thunder-ftruck. His
treafury being cxhaufted,,he gave himfelf to rapine and extortion. He intended
once to have disbanded divers regiments nnd garrifons, to lefTen his charges, but
10 fearing the incurfion of barbarous nations, he changed his minde, refolvincf to
maintain them with the fpoil of his people. He fo affrighted the Senators, that he
got from them a great fum of money ^ for he invited them to a funcrall fupper, at
which all the waiters and fervants were fo difguiied with vifard-,that in their <^aftly
looks they reprefcnted Hobgoblins and Ghofts -, which fo affrighted the Senators
that they looked for prefent death. He committed inceft with his birother titus his
daughter^«///*. X.^»/-ew«j who had the charge of High Germany, beino pro-
voked by his wicked life, and fome diftaft full language, revolted 5 but Domitian
having overthrown him by Norbamis Appius, and L. Maximus , grew more in-
folent and cruell then ever. It's thought that he poy foned that excellent man ^u-
20 Uus AgricoU^ father in law to T4m«jthe hiftorian •, though he feemed to be forry
for his death. This ^^nW^ fubdued the Britains, and by his fleet was thefirft
that difcovered it to be an Ifland. He alfo fubdued the Orcades ; for which good
fcrvices he was highly extolled by the people,and Bomitius his falfe conquefts,and
feall triumph were cryed down^ tor though his armies were beat in M^efia, Dacia
Germany, and Pannonia, yet he bragged that he had fubdued his enemies, and hi-
red divers multitudes,which gave out they were his captives, to the end he x£i\°\\x.
obtain a triumph:this love of the people haftned AgricoWs death.
Domitian being hated of all men, Avas murthered by Parthenius his chamber- ^0^7"
lain, Stephen his Steward,and Domttia his wife, who loved Pam the Stage-player *
30 better then her husband: thcfe hired fome freed men, who with many wounds
killed him . Vomitia found in his ciofet a lift of divers whom Domitian meant to
murther, among which (he found her own name •, but before he was killed, Ner-
ves friends had got his confent to accept of the Empire, left the fouldiers ftiould
mutiny : he reigned 15 years, and lived 45. The Senaj: ordered that his body
fliould not be carryed in a bed or hearfe, but in a common beer,and that his name
fliouldbe every where razed. His death was foretold by Procttlus in Germany :
and the fame houre that Domitian was killed at Rome, ApoSoniusUt Ephefusjgot
up on a high ftone, and cryed out, faying •, Well d0)$e Stephen^ kill the mttr-
iherer. Not long before his death, a Crow, upon "the Capitoll Ipoke in Greek 5 all
Aojhallbewell. In Domitian's time, the Pids out of Scythia fetled themfelves in
Scotland. Dionyfm the Areopagite preached the Gofpell to the Parifians. Then
did the Ebionites or Pythagorian Chriftians , (commanding abftinence from all
flcfh, and confounding Law with Gofpell,) begin to broach their herefies, as alfo
the Nicolaitans urging community of wives. Thefe Tertullim cals the Patriarchs
ofhereticks.
50
F a The
52 " ThefecondParToftbe Book. 2.
An»Mmdi
^^^^^^tfi fcnBiiBHEDSCDDBOcgcBticpnoBDCsct sTc BCECPCCaicccD nTo otDCBPcaapct II Til n s nun t
>ntiiciiiiaiiccciiiiiiDEngiiiinci;iiaiiBcntpiiccPtiiiciiP(i'""'!iccrrrancc8c DBCC atECrntCflniicimj
The Second Book
OF T H F
SECOND PART,
INTREATING
Of the times from NERVA the ROMAN
EMPEROR, tilltheReign of CONSTANriNE
alone, containing 233 Ycares.
Chap. I.
1 , of the Romnn affaires under Nerva, Trajan <*»</ Adrian. 2. of the aff Aires of
^em, and chriHiam during that time.
Id
30
Occejus Nerva a good but a fhort- lived Prince, whofe jufticc
4 ^ ^ 7* ^P^^^^S^^^ ^'^s fuch in publick, that he was not afraid to fp^d his life in
A.C* 100, ^^^^^^5(f^ private : he repealed the unjuft ads ofDimittan calling home
the exiled, and reftoring every man to his own again. Some
think he was born in Narnia a City of Umbria^fome in Crete. 30
The firft Emperor of a ftrangcr.JHc was faluted Emperor botli
by the Senat and Army, yet was doubtful! to accept it, till
he wasafTuredby Partheniui that Domitian was dead. He melted all the golden
andfilver Images of I>(S«//V/"4», and convened them to money. He fuffcrcd no
man to be accufed or troubled for religion. In Domitians time it was lawful! for
any man to accufc another ; which made Front 0 fay, that it was ill living under
that Prince where nothing n>/U Urefuljbiit tvorfe nnder htm where ail things were law-
fttll. By vertueofiV^rvrt'sedid. 5^e/'»the Evangclift returns to his Epifcopall
charge at Ephefus. Where he publiflieth his Revelation and Gofpell againfl
Cerinthus who denyed Chrifts Divinity : and his three Epiftlcs alfo, though ^o
fomc have queftioned the two laft, but injurioufly. In his Epiftlcs, by the Anti-
chrifts that were come, he means Simon Magns and Menander, (being Sama-
ritans and affcftors of Divine honor) with the Nicolaitans, Cerinthians, and Ebi-
onites. Nerva alfo took off many publick fines,he" provided carefully for the poor,
that there might be no beggers in Italy,he was fo loath to burthen his people with
taxes, that he would rather make ufe of his own revenews. Though Calfhnrnius
Crafui for his treafon in labouring to draw the armies from Ctefar deferved death,
yet he only baniflied him to Tarentum.
The fouldiers (but againft Ncrva's will) killed PetroniaSy Steven and Parthenius
the murtherers o^Domitian-^ they firft cut d^Petronim his genitals,and flung them 5 o
in his face, Cafpenus ^.lianti^ bought his own pa-^don for a great fum j and out "of
his infolency cauied Nerva to thank the fouldiers publickly, for killing the three
traitors, perceiving how needful! a ftour, and ftrong bodyed man was to rule •, he
negledmg his own kindred publickly adopted Trajan a Spaniard to be his heir
and fucceflbur, preferring vertue to kindred or country: therefore Trajanis firft
made C^fir, tlien Empcrour, with him he lived 3 months. He dyed ofa Feaver
the 65 year of his life, liaving reigned oec year apd 4 moneths. His death was
accom-
Chap. i. Hifioryofthe iVorU. 55 ]
accompanyed with an Eclipfc of the Sun. Cor. Taciim commended liim in a Fune- An. Mmdi
rail oration. \.,a'\r%^i
M. rlfmsTrajanus being at Colen received the Enfignes of the Empire fent40 6^.
him from Rome. He was a man endowed with piety, wildom, valour, and all o-
ther princely vertues ^ and a great lover of learned men. He delivered his fword
to the Captain of the Guard,AviIling him to nfe it for him^ifhe didrvell^ but againfi
him ifotherwife. He told the Senat one day that he had a command fenthini
from J'upter to maintain the ancient religions of Rome,which were now weakned
by the mcreafing of Chriftianity, for many of their Temples lay defolate,and few
10 focrifices were offered. Therefore now began a new perlecution againft Chrifti-
ans. 5/wf^'w the fonofC/fi'/'^/zif our Saviours kinfman, andBifliop of Jerufalem,
was there crucified being 1 20 years old. Ignatius Billiop of Antioch , at Romero 70,'
was flung to the Avild Beafts. Clemens Billiop of Rome, whom Paul mentions in
his Epiftle to the Philippians, was beheaded-, though fomc think he fuffered before
this time. Trajan did not directly perfecute the Chriftians for their Religion, but
becaufe they were accufed for Magicians in that they wrought fomany miracles.
2. Becaufe they had their meetings and conventicles, againft which ievere laws
were made. 3. Becaufe they had fo many jars and contentions amongft themfelves,
by which they might occafion commotionsintheCity 5 and indeed thefe jars
20 were caufed by the heretiques. Yet Fliny the younger Proconful then of Bithy-
niainhis Epiftle toTr^j^;*?, writes that he found no fault in Chriftians, but only
that they met to fing hymnes to Chrift before day, whom they worfliipped for
their God. And that they bound themfclves by Sacraments not to fteal, or com-
mit adultery, or any fuch wickednefte. Therefore Trajan wrote back , that fuch aS
were accufed fliould be fparcd if they would worlhip the Roman Gods. By which
, the heat of perfecution was abated. About this time dyed ^ohn the Apoftld being
nigh 100 years of age.
Trrfj'W had 5 years war with Da7'^4//« King of Dacia, which now is Tranfyl-
vania and Nalachia. This war began in D«»?/?id«Jitime, at laft Trajan fubdued
jotheDaci, but with great lofle, for there wanted linnen tooind up the wounds of
thofe that were hurt •, fo that Trajan was fain to tear his own robes. Decibalus
being killed, the countrey beyond the Rhene was made a Province. In his time
Arabia Petr£a was taken. At Rome Trajan exhibited ^orts or fpe(ftacles,whergin
19000 wildbeafts wereflain, ii.ndi2.smznY gladiators''6x(i fight.' He made war
lipon Armenia and Parthia, becaufe the Armenian held his crown of the Parthi-
an, and not of him. He recovered Armenia , and killed Phamaces thdt }^mg.
Divers kings did homage to him. He fubdued a great part of Perfia,with Baby-
lon, Seleucia, Edefla and Ctefiphon. He made Aflyria, Armenia, and Mefo-
potamia Provinces. He built a Fleet in the red Sea, to goe for Judaea 5 therefore 4,® g H
40 the Senat gave him the title oi'optimus : and appointed himas many triumphs as
he pleafed : but Trajan was puniflied at Antioch with an Earthquake, for mur-
thering of Ignatius bifliop thereof, multitudes of people were deftroyed there.Thc
city being then full, becaufe of the Emperors aboad there. Trajan having efcaped
out of a window, was fo affrighted, that for a great while, he.durft not lye with-
in doores.
The next fpringTr4;4» renews the Parthian war, and that he might incourage
his fouldiers, he went on foot before them . But as he was preparing for his
voyage many places fell off from him 5 divers of his Garrifons deftroyed. A-'
gainft thefe rebels Lucius ^uetHs^inA Maximm^ are fent. Maximus is killed. Z«-
50 <:/'«* recovers Nifibis and Edeffa. 5? W/4 is taken by his Deputies, and burned.
He fet a King over the Parthians. But as he was fighting againft the Agarens his
Army was forced to give off,being beaten with thunder, lightning, and whirle-
windes. He was infefted with fwarmes of flies, that he could not keep them off
from his meat and drink. " Shortly after this he fell fick, being poyfoned, and dy- 4 0 8 80
edinCiliciathe64yearofhisage, having reigned ip years 6 months andij
days. After whofe death, the Parthians returned to their own Government. He
credled many ftately buildings at Rome , fetting his name every wherc,for which
caufe he wr-> in fcoffe called m<//-^wtfr. F 3 A^o^?
c^ TbefecondFart ofthe Book. i.
An.Mundi About the 1 8 year oF Tn/j.w, the Jews began again to rcbell : in Cyienethcy
v/"s^r>^ murther Greeks and Romans promifciioiifly : the hke they did in Egypt and A-
Icxandria. In Cyprus they flew about 240000. they cut many by the middle,and
many they flung to wildc beafts, and fuch was their madneile, that they eat mans
flefli. But they were (hortly afier fubdued by Lucius and Turban: and it was
made death for a Jew to entvr Cyprus. So barbarous were thefejews, that they
girded thcmlelves with the guts yet bleeding of thofe they flew, and clothed
ihcmfclves with rheir skins. The allies of rrw/»wj body were iranflated from that
town of Cilicia where he dyedjCallcdSilinus, and from him Trajanopolis , and
brought to Home with great folemnity,where he was buried alone , being againft ig
the laws of the 1 2 Tables for any to be buried in the City. His alhes were buried
under that magnificent pdlar which he caufed to beereded the 15 year of his
reign, with his flatue on -he top thereof. This pillar is yet extant , andinftead of
'Tya.]An now ftands S . Peter in brafTe richly gilt, by Sixtm ^miriita then biihop of
Rome. Z'rjj^/i after his death was defiled-, and called Dacicus from his vidories
over the Daci, which were engraven on his pillar. The Senat ufed to falutc every
♦Emperor newly made with thefe words: hr^ppier then Augi.ftus, better then
Trajan.
4^88. P.ty^liui Adri/isitts^ thefonof y^flfr/.«» the Senator, who was coufin germanto
A. C. ii^.Trayifi^ was by him adopted, or at leaft given out fo by Flotma Trajans wife,and -n
•was now Governour of Syria,vvho for his own worth and neernefTc to Trajafi^wns
falutcd Emperorrthat he might not be kept back from Rome,he quitted all beyond
Euphrates, contenting himielf with the ancient bounds of the Empire. He fcnt
for Julius Se% e> us omoi Britain into Syria to chaftife the turbulent JcwSjWhofe
Cap ain Beia oshaa^ that is, the fon of the Star (alluding to that Prophefie, A Star
ftiali ar fe out of ^<irf^) called himfclf the iV/f//;/«iJ,to make his power the greater.
He held in Juckcafor feme years 50 caflles, $>8o Villages , and fortified the
town Bethoron, whence he (allied out divers times upon the Romans. 'S>ui Adri-
an returning into Syra'o.figed Bethoron j years and a half: at lafl took it
by ftorm, and in it Captain Hencochah^ but indeed Benco'^ba the fon of a Lfc^ as the j©
deluded J ews now called him. The number of them that dyed by the plague,fa-
mincandfword, was 50U000 men. This fellow was a peflilent enemy of the
Chnff lans, munhering them where ever he found them.But Hadrian rebuilt Hie-
rufalem, and called it e^Z/ij by Iiis name, in which he permitted Chriflians to
dwell, but not the Jews-.yea he made it death for any Jew,cither to goe neer it, cir
to look on it : only fuch as paid a great fum of money, were permitted to goe thi-
^ ther and bewaile it.Tlie Temple of Jupiter Capitolmuf was now built , where
Salomons Temple flood. Therefore the town was now called itliaa Capitolina.
The Jews alfovirere forbid to circumcifc themfelves : all their ftrong Foits were
oaerthrown. .q
Adrianhdn% confirmed in the Empire, he made away thofe whofc greatnefTe
hr fufpedfcd, chiefly Cujus^ Nigrtms^ Palme^ and Lucm^ being four eminent
Confilar men. Having quieted all in the Eaft, returns to Rome, and remits
many debts due to the Exchequer, and withall the fum of money which was ufed
to be prcientedtothe Vidor cAkd aurttm coronanum^ in lieu ofthe golden coro-
nets, which of old they wont to give him. Pfamatcfjeris whom Trajan had made
king of Parthia was flighted by them, and fo by Hadnan was made king of the
next bordering countries. He was very courteous, affable, and familiar with his
friends, chiefly when they were fick. He {fill kept the fouldiers in exercifc, ever
in t:mc of peace, and ufed to feed with them on cheefe, lard, and pufca ; which _
was a drink made ofvinegar and water. In this he imitated Sctpio t^miliamis^ ^
Metelttis^ and Trajan. Being more defirous of peace then war,and finding the Bri-
tains ftilimolefled by the Scots and Pi As,he built a wall 80 miles long, to keep
them out. He killed his crabbed wife, for faying p}ee had taken a courfe^ that hee
Jhouldnen er have any children t9 the depu^lion ofmankinde. He killed alfo Apol-
hdorm an Architedl for finding fault with his errours in building. He was of a
various yetcunning and dilTembling nature, Hcfeldomc kept his promife. He
was
Chap. 2, . Hiflory of the IVorlii 55
was flill inquifitive of mens fecrets, he was airolafcivioufly given, but quick wit- y^«. Mundi
ted, and ready at anfwers. He had skiil ah-noftinall Arts-, and had ^. X3,xt \.^^\r%U
memory,and a ftrong body •, for he ufcd to goe about the Provinces on foot, and
to outwalk his followers. He reduced all ManuBcftures into Comp-inies or Cor-
porations. He could not indure that any fliould profefle an Art, wliereui he was
not exquiiite, and therefore would hire fome for money to give off their profcf-
fion. He would goe bare headed in the coldefl weather. He loved his horfe Bery-
jthenes fo well, that he ereded a monument for him, w.th an Epitaph. He was
affable to the meaneft. He was carefull of the poor, and would not futfer Ma-
le fters cithertokill, or fell their flaves to Fencers nor Panders. He advanced what
he could the Romilhfuperftition, but perfecuted the Chriflian religion. Which
Aripdes the Philofopher, and Qjiadratus the Eifliop, both Atlienians, defended
by their apologies: whereby his rigour was fomewhat tempered. He had adop-
ted <^//«Jwhom he called C<«/J«r before he was Emperor, but he died ^ tliere-
fore he made Anrel/iis AKtofjuts his (iicccffor, called afterward Pim for refcuing
divers Senators from the fury of Adnan^ who killed Sernjumm his lifters hus-
band, and his nephew Fu^cm for finding fault with his adopting of Antonim.
When Serviarim was to dye, he prayed that Adrian might with for death,and not
obtaine it-, which fell out to be fo, for he was tortured with a lingring difeafe, that
20he wiihed his friends to kill him, and offered divers times to kill himfelf, had he
not been hlndred-, at laft, he dellroyed himfelf with abftinence •, difputing and
doubting whither his foul fhould goe ^ he cryed out againft Phyfitians, faying, 4 104.
Many Fhyftttms had killed the King : His bones were laid up in that great building
ereded by him,and called Moles Adriam-^ now the caftle o^iS.Angeb.Hz lived 72
years, and reigned 21 and 11 months. 5zw//// the captain ofhis guard, having got
leave to fpend the remainder of his life privately in the country, lived there 7
yearcs , after he had rcfigned his place ^ and caufed this Epitaph to be en-
graven on his tombe : Here lyeth Smilii who f^ent many yeares but lived on^
Ij feven.
20 In Adrians time lived the heretick Carpocrates^zuthor of the Adamites and Gno-
llicks, fo called from their fuppofcd knowledge above others. Under him alfo was;
Bttfiachium called Plaadtis before his baptifm, martyred •, he had done good
fervice under Veffafian againft the Jews , and under Trajan againft the Daci.- He
was firft caft to the Lions, but they fpared him, at laft he was burned in a hot bra-
fen Bull. In his time was Nicomedia overthrown with an Earthquake, fo were
Nicopolis, Nic^ea, andCiefarea. He called the city Ufcuduma in Myfia, from
his owne name Adrianopolis. To vex the Jews he fet over one of the gates of ^-
lia the pidture of a Hog •, a creature hated by them, and by which he would re-
prefent their hoggifti qualities ; then it was as fome think that the candidates of
40 the Empire, began to be called defars-, though fome were called lb before.
And about this time Aquila of Pontus was converted to Chriftianity 5 but
being reproved for -fpending too much time m Aftrology: he circumcifed
himfelfe , and became a Jew, and tranflated the Bible in Grceke, but cor->
ruptly.
Ch AP. II.
1 . The Roman affairs under Antoninus Pius, Antoninus VhiloCophus/fid Com^
5<^ dus. ^.The affairs of the Chrtfiians^and ef forraign Nations at that time.
KNto'nius was furnamed Pius bythe Scnat, for his ads of piety in building of4 ' ° ^'
*^Temples, advancing of Priefts, honorihgof learning, afligning large Sala-^.^« 1^9*
ties throughout the Provinces to Philofophcrs and Rhetoricians^ in fparing and
pardoning all criminals in the beginning of his reign, faying •, that he ought not
to begin his reign with bloud-, inpreferving Adrian £rom killing of himfelf e,and
in maintaining the Empire in peace and plenty all his life. He was a juft, mild and
learned
Thefecond Fart of the Book. 2.
^w.3f/W/ learned Prince, who as he advanced men of parts, fo he hated idle drones,
y^Z-yV^anddifcountenancedneedlefle Artiflsby abridging them of their maintenance.
' "^ He was indeed another Numa rc7nfilius : Only out of the common error of thefe
times, he did not much favour the Chriftians. Yet he was content to tolerate
them, bemg pacified by the f.pologies of ^upn Martyr and others. He honoured
the Senate, and they Inm. He would not give v/ay, that all the A(fts oi Adriari
fliould be repealed: there was but one Senator in all his time baniflied, namely
Jtilius Tr^janus who for affefting to be King was profcribed by the Senat. He
forbad burying of the dead withm cities. His aboad was moil in the city, for -the
greater eafe of Embaffadors : he feldom made progrcfles,fhewing how chargeable jq
and troublefome the Princes removall was to the country though his attendants
were but tew.
jf/t of^mns Kishthcv Aurelifis was a Tranfalpin Gaul. Arrius Antoninus his
Grandfather by the mother had been twice Conful. He was comely in his perfo-
nage, but more in his conditions. So great was his authority that the Indians,
Badrians,and Hircanians made him Judge of their differences. He appeafedall
fediticns,not with cruelty but gravity : he quieted the Jcwes,Britains, Mores,Da-
ci and Germans. He placed a King over the Lazi a people in Scythia. He kept oiF
by his bare letters the Parthian King from Armenia. .In no Princes time was there
lefTe bloud flied then in his, whofe faying was the fame with that of Sctpo^ ; j^
I had rather [d'ye one jubjeci^ then kill i oooo enemies. In times of dea,rth he reli-
ved the poor out of his own ftore. When he came to fee Omtdus his houfe,he in-
quired whence he had his marble pillars. Ow««/«/ anfwered, that in another mans
houfe he fliould be both deaf and dumb •, with which anfwer he was well pleafcd.
He rebuilt divers towns overthrown with Earthquakes.
In his time Pope Sixtus fuffered Martyrdome , not by any edid from the
Prince, but by the* malice of the Senat againft Chriftianity.Then fprung up Va-
lentinus the heretick, with his fpawnof Canites, Sethites,and Ophites,or Snake-
woriliippers. As alfo Cerdon and his fcholar Marcion whom Pelycarf us caWcd the
divelsjirfi begotten fonne: and Apelles who gave Chrift a fideriall or aeriall body. 30
Pope Tcleff horns with fome others were martyred. So was his fuccclTor Pope Hi-
ginius, ^///(j^/w/jdyedtheyoyearof hislife,and25 ofhis Empire. In histimc
was feen in Arabia a maincd Serpent, which eat up his own tail-, 4 Lions fo tame
that they fuffered themfelves 10 bee taken 5 and barly grew upon fome
trees.
Mtrciis Antoninus philofophus being adopted by Pius & approved by the Senat,
fucceeded Emperor, to whom he joins his brother Lucius Verus as his Colleague;
fo now two Emperors reign los^cxhtx.Marctts was every way an excellent Prince,
both for armes, and learning •, who ufed to frequent the Philofophy Schooles,
after he was Emperor : but Lucius was given to delights and luxury •, which Mar- ^q
etu by his goodnefle covered as much as he could ; and left his vices (hould be
too much obferved, living in Rome in the eye of the world 5 he got him to under-
take the Parthian war againft Fologejus, who had defeated the Roman Army,
and molefted Syria-, but Lucius at Antioch and Daphne,gavc him felf over whole-
ly to his pleafures,and committed the care of the war to his Deputies , among
which Aviditts Cafftus defeated Vologefus, took Seleucia upon Hydafpes with
400000 men,and burned the town : he took alfo Ctefiphonjand demolifl^ed Volo-
^e/^hishoufes.
The Parthian war being ended , and Armenia fetled, Xw/^ after 5 years rc-
turnes to Rome, where with his brother he was carryed in triumph. He brought
from Parthia not only Mimicks, Stage-players, Fidlers, and Jugglers great ftorej ^^
,-, - but the Plague too • which at Babylon brake out of a golden cheft : which a foul-
diertook out of ^/o/Z^^'s Temple, when the cheft was opened fuch a peftiferous
vapour burft forth, as multitudes were infefted by it. At Rome they^^ied fo faft,
that the dead were carryed out by cait-loades. After this ii/^r^/w zn6.Lucitts goe
againft the Germans -, who had all confpircd againft the Roman Empire -, but
when they came to Aquilcja^ EmbalTadors met them from all parts petitioning',
that
Ch a p. 2, Hiftory of the World. 5^
that they might be pardoned for their defedion. Z//f/»i would have gone back, ^^. jkfW''
but Mdrctts would not, fearing that this repentance ot the Barbarians was coi.n- \y^\'\J
tcrfcit, only to keep off the Roman Armies from their countrcys .• fo having paf- 4140.
led the Aipes, and fortified Italy, rl cy quieted VAnntnia. Lucius longing to be at A,C» 170,
Borne again retiirncs, but in the way bting taken with an Apoplexy fpeechleflc,
dyed the third day, having reigned vyith Matcus i i . years/ome think he was poy-
foncd by Faujli m^ihe wife ot M-imts.
Marcus undertakes alone the war againft the Marcomanni or Moravians with
their confederates, and becaufe the plague had dcftroyed many, therefore as'in the
10 Pumc war, fo now u(e is made oi flavcs, gladiators, and robbers j and that hee
mit^ht not opprcfle the Provinces with taxes, he fold or pawned all the Jewels,
plate, and rich utinfels of the Court, to m;.ke money-, which he redeemed a'gaine
(when the war was ended) of thofe that were willing to part with their bargain. In
two years he quite overthrew the Marcoman tadionwith the Jaziges or Tranfil-
vanians. He alio miraculoufly overcame the Quadi,thatis5iheSiievians and Po-
lonians. For the Roman army being liketopcnih for want of water in a dry and
barren ground, by reafon they were befct round about by the enemy, the captain
of the Guard told the Princethat there was inthe army alegion of Chriflians,who
ufed to obtain any thingthcy asked of their God; iminediatelythcy wei^edefired
ioto pray, and no fooncr had they prayed, but a great fliower of rain refrefhed the
Roman army, and the Barbarians were overthrown with thundering and light-
ning, fo that they who remained alive, did either yeeld or flyej after which vido-
ly theChriftians were favoured by the Emperor, divers of them advanced, and
their accufers punilhed. So that the fouith great perfecution is now ended,parcly
by the conftancy of Polycarpus^ Pius , and [Antcetus^ and divers other martyrs,
partly by the fecond apology of ^«y?/», partly by plagues, famine, earthquakes,
rebellion, and confpirarions, and partly by this ftrangc defeat of the Barbarians,
at the prayers of the Chriflian Legion, which ever after was called The thundering
Legion.
JO Whi'ef^ Marcus was making Provinces of Marcomannia and Sarmatia,^'y/W;»*
Caffms giving out that 'Marcus Amnnmus was dead, rebelled in the Eaft, drawing
all within Mount Taurus to his fadion .• Wherefore the Emperor makes an ex-
pedition into the Eaff, the fouldiers finding he wasalive, fell upon Caffius and his
-ion, and killed them both, his head was brought to Antenims^ but he no ways re-
joycing atthe fight, commanded it to be buried. He pardoned Antioch ^ and the
other ciries that adhered to him .• he was highly beloved of all the Eaft parts. E-
^ypc did honour him for his Philofophy. His wife Fauftina infamous for adultery*
dyed fuddenly neer the hill Taurus,whom the Emperor commended and concealed
her faults, for by her means he got the Empire ^ therefore being wiflieti by fome
:40to put her away tor her adulteries , anfwered.- Ifldevoreemy mfe^ I jhould re-
ft ore her domj. At Athens he gave annuall flipcnds to profeflburs of all fciences,
fit Rome he gave gowns to the fouldiers, faying thofe cities flourifhed mdft where
■ philofophers werc'^ rulers, or rulers PhiLfophers. Hewasmuch addidedto Sto-
icall Philofophy,he was very moderate both in rewards and punifhments. He was
never without t;ood Lawyers about him • he defired to heat what the people faid or
him,that he might amend what was amifle. He hated cruelty, therefore would not
fulfer the gladiators to fight with (harp fvvords. He thought it more reafonable that
he fhould follow the advice of his friends being many, then that they fhould fol-
low his being but one. He fuffered not men and women to bath together,n6r did
,50 he permit riding or coaching within cities, he was ftill prcfent at their Parliaments,
« and ntvcrdcpartcd till the fathers gave him leave.
The Sarmatians, Marcomans and their neighbours rebelled again ; fo that Mar-
cus\v3s faintobethercinperfon. After three years war he fubdued them, ftiortly4i 5 !• ^
after he fell fick, and dyed the 19 year of his Empire , of his life the 58. to the A.C. i8l.j
great grief of all good men, a happy Emperor, had he been childleffc, for his ton
.Commod»s was a wicked Prince. When Mm»s was asked to whom he would re-
commend his fon, anfwered 5 if he be good to God and you. He was offended
® when
^8 ThefecondPart ofthe Bbo'K/2.
Jk. Mundi when his hiends weeped i-or him in his iicknefTc, williing them rather to weep for
y/'Y'X^rhc publickca'amities. Inhistiilie Lucius king ofthe Britains was converted to
Chriftiamry, bythbie whom Pope E'leutherius fcnt thither to preach. Luciatt
the great enemy of Chriftidiiity, was then toirn by dogs. Then Montanus the he-
fetique with his MnximilU and PrifcilU, began to divulge their falfc prophefies ,
thcfc were the authors ofthe Cataphrygian herctiques, which lived about Phry-
gia. Montantis called himfelf the Paraclet that was promifed. Tatiayms then liv'd;
he wa5 hther oi the Encratites,that is continent-^ for they abhorred marriage and
wine, hence they arc called Jquarii and Hy^ro-parofiatiey With divers other herc-
tiques. 1 hch was Pope Animus martyred and Soter his fuccelTorj with many other ig
Chriftians*
4151. Commodhs fucceeded, who by reafon of his wicked conditions and his mothers
A.C.i^t- loofenefle, was thought to be the fonne of a Sword-player, rathcrthen ofFerus^
fuch an excellent Father, and this fufpicibn grew the rather, becaufe he delighted
much in fword-playing, even openly upon the Theater, and in the Amphitheaters
he ufed to fight with wild Beafts. He murthered many of the Senators, and fuch
as excelled in vertue and nobility ; he {hewed his cruelty at 1 2 years of age in cau-
fipig the man that was walliing him in the warm bath to be flung into the fiery fur-
nace, becaufe the water in which hewalliedwas hotter then ordinarily. He gave
himfelfe to all kind of luxury and uncleanneflc. He fct none but the worft men o-^q
ver the Provinces. He became fohatefuU, that his own lifter Lw ///<» confpired his '
death, with g)nadratHs^ andTsr^/yffwwcaptainot the guards Claudius Pompeja-.
nus who was imployed to kill him, comminginto his chamber drew his fword,
faying, this fword the Scnat fends you. But before he could doe any thing , hcc
with the reft of the cbnfpiratorS were laid hold on and killed. LucilU was firft
baniflied, then executed. So was Crifpina AttgtiHa^ and the whole family of the
Quintilians with many more.
After this Comntodus was wary into what company he came , he would fuffer
none to fpeak to him, but by P^r^wwwj captain oh he Guard, who kaowing the
length of his Mafters foot, counfelled him to take his pleafurcs, and hce would ^q
look to the managing of affaires. In his time Vttlpius Whrcellus overthrew thofc '.
Britains that came over Adrians wall. Tlie plague was fo hot at Rome that there
dyed oftentimes 2000 a day. Commodus in the interim with 300 Concubins,and
300 Sodomites in the Palace gave himfelf to feaftingand riotoufnefTe. But Feren'
nins having got the power into his hands, made his fonnes Generals over the Illy-
rian armies, and got them with bribes to alienate the fouldiers from the Emper-
or, whom he meant himfelf tb marther. This plot was deteded by one in the ha-
bit of a philofopher • who with a ftafie in his hand, and a powch hanging from his
llioulder, being half naked, runs to Commodtisz.% he was fitting in the Theater,and
tels him it was not a fit time for him to folace himfelf with publick fhewcs, when 40
Pfrf;?»m his naked fword was hanging over him. P^rf;?w«j prcfently caufed the
.man to be apprchended,3nd burned for a mad dangerous fcllow,but afterward mo-
ny was brought to C<Jwwo/5^«j having the image oi Perennius. Hereupon com-
iiiand was privately given to cut oflF Perennius and his fon, which was done accor-
dingly.But ClcAnder a worfe favourite fucceeded. He of a fervant became the Cap-
tain of the Guard,and High Chamberlain to Commodus^ who did what he could to
alcniatc both the fouldiers and people from the Emperor, he expofed all places of
honorand trufttofale. He both called home the baniflied, and preferred them to
great places. He killed Bjrrus who had marrycd Commodus his fifter , becaufe he
complained to his brother that C/Mw<a?fraffeded the Empire. He murthered alfo jq
many others, that difliked his ways. C<>ww<?^«.f in the mean while gave himfelfe to '
his pleafures taking no notice of his favourites opprclTions.
One time whilefl: Commodus in the Suburbs was fportfng and delight-
ing himfelf, the people in a tumultuous way came with a petition againft
Ckander, for buying up all the cornc , which occafioned both the plague
and famine at Rome , Cieander commanded the guard to fall upon them, who
killed and wbundcd many of the unarmed multitude driving them within
the
Ch a p. 2. " TJiftory of the World. 59
the city gates, the people within fall on the fouldiers, and what with (ior^s iromA n.Mmdi
the fops of the houfes, what by other means^mKlritiides of them were killed,thcci- V/WJ?
ty bein^ all in an uproar, /'iii://7/jthe Emperofs cldcft fiftcr came weeping, and
tearing her hair and garments to the Emperor, telling him that he and his Empire
would be fiiddenly ruined if C/wWcrandhis complices were not puniflied^ the
Emperor having underftood the truth of things, which had been concealed from
Iiim till now, lent prefently for C/wW^r, whole head being cut off, hecaufed to
be fct on a high pole, and flicwcd to the people,at fight of which they were appca-
fcd , and the louldicrs that fought for him, affrighted. Such was the peoples ha-
10 tred againft Cleander^ that they murchered all his friends and children with their
mothers, and having dragged their bodies through the ftreets , flung them into
privies. It's laid that C/f4W<rrb''gotthofe children of C<7wwe^«j his concubins.
Then the Eraperorthough fearfull of plots returns to the city.
In his time many monllcrs were born, the Temple of Peace into which many
rich men had fcnt their wealth for fccurity, was burned to the ground •, this was
held a fad prefagcot wars and mifcries, which fell out true-, for many ftately edi-
fices in the city were confumed with fire ^ fo was the Temple of Vefta, the Pal-
ladium that was brought from Troy and kept hid all this while, was now f'ecne
whileft the Vcftall Nuns did refcue it from the flames , and carryed it publickiy
aoto the Emperors Court. He no waycs troubled with thefc difafters runs on in
his vaincourfcs,ard would in ftead of C<>/ww(o<^«j be called Hercules AntaT^nius
Exfiiperam-, and prcfented himfclf to the people inthe Lions skin , and carrying
Hercules his club.Hc changed the names of the months, & called them by his own
names and titles. He caufed his flatues to be fct up,which after his death the peo-
ple overthrew, and fet up the ftatue of liberty. He fought openly in the Amphi-
theaters with wild Beafts, wliich he cauled to be brought thither from a'l parts -•
he killed loo lions, fo skilful! he was in arching that he never mifTed. He fliewed
himfdf one time naked among the gladiators, fomctimes he would fhcw himfelfe
in womens apparel! ^ he caufed all the criples ab®uttheCity tobeafTembledin
JO one place, and cloathing them like Gyants reprefenting ferpents feet^lie played the
part of ^itpitery fliooting at them his arrows. He had fct downe in a booke the
names of thofe he meant to murther, among which was Marcia his concvb'mc,iot
giving of him good counfel! • Latus Captain of the Guard,with many other rich
men,"whofc wealth he meant to bcflow upon his fouldiers and gladiators, but the
book being found Marcta poyfons him; and left it might fail, Narciffus ftrangled
him 5 the Sc.iar upon the report of his death, proclaims him an enemy to God
and men, razeth hisname,and throws down his Statues,
The Capitol! in his time was fet on fire by thunder , in which the Biblocthcc
with the records, and other writings were burned. Then it was that Pantermy
40preached Chrift to the Indians, and there found S. Matthews Gofpcll brought
thither by Bartholomew the Apoftle. ViBor Bifhop of Rome excommunicates
the Eaftcrn Churches for obferving Eafler with Polycarpns on the 14 day of the
Moon 5 which laflinefTe is reproved by Irenaus Bifhop of Lions, theodotien
lets out a new Greek tranflation of the Bible, which is the third. The Chriftians
Uved quietly all his time, for Martia whom he fo loved did much favour them.Hc
Veigncd 1 2 years and 9 months, he lived 3 1 years and 4 months.In his time , they
found out a trick at Rome, to kill men, by fhooting at them poyfoncd needles out
of iccret places.
CHAP
6o ThefecondPart ofthe Boo|c. ^.
Chap. III.
rhcajf aires of Reine' under Pcrtinax, Didius , and Severus. i. Severus his
actions in theEaJl^ andtn Britain. 3. The Chriptm affaires during that
tim':
C'Ommodns being dead, it was divulged abroad by MArtia^ Lmis^ and Ele-
<??//5 who was High Chamberlain, tlut the Prince dyed of an Apoplexy,
to which he was lubjeft in his drunkenncfTe. And they refolve to fix the 10
Empire on Publius Helvius Pertinax who had been Conful and Governourof
Ma'iia,Dacia, and Syria. He was an Italian born, a brave Commander, and one
of thole to whom jv;<irf«j committed the cdscoi \\\'^ (on Commodus. In the night
time Zrf/w,£/f<r//0, and fome others brought news to Pertinax^ being in his bed,
of the death of Commodus^ and that he was fitteft in rcfped: of his age, valor and
good fcrviccs to the State ^ he at firft feared they came to mock, and then to mur-
ther him ; but finding their fincerity, accepts their counfell and advicc,Z^/«j and
EleBus prepare the Army to receive Pertinax^ who no fooner came , but he was
with joyfull acclamations fainted Emperor and Auguflus by the people firft, then
by the fouldiers : and fo having taken the Oath of allegiance, they follow the Em- 20
perorto his Palace with bayes on their heads. The next morning Pertmax went
to the Senat -, but would not have the fire or other cnfignes of Principality carryed
before him , till he obtained the Senats approbation, which he doubted^ being of
mean parentage in comparifon of the former Emperors : but the whole Senat
unaminoufly ialutes him Emperor, which honour he defired to avoid, befcechmg
the Fathers that they Would confer it on G/^^m the noblcfl of all the Patricii.But
Cldrio rcfufed it,fo that Pert wax was forced to fit down in the chair of ftate, who
having made a fpcech,a"nd offered facrificc went home.
At, the bruit oi Pertinax his being Emperor, all good rtien rejoyccd, the barba-
rous Nations fcnt Embaffadours to congratulate.The people found that he would 30
prove a Father more then an Emperor. For he bound up the hands of the foul-
diers from plundering and robbing 5 he beflowed all the waft ground in Italy
o n thofe that would take paines to improve them. He fold the goods of
Conimcdui with his boys and Concubines, and the money he raifed by the falc
(whfch was great) he bcftowcd on the fouldiers for a donative. He lefTened the
Emperors charges, cutting off fuperfluousexpenfcs. Hefliewedhimfelfmildand
affable to all-,he would not have the Senat call his fon Cxfar till he dcfcrved it.But
he was not fobountifull as affable. The fouldiers repine at his ftricflnefTc , being
acciiitomed to rapine, opprefTion, and luft. Wherefore they refolve to make
him away 5 and choofe another ; Thereforetheyfuddenlyrufh into the Pallaccj/jo
the good old Emperor was wiifhcd by his friends to fly and hide himfelf, till the
people were in condition to refcuehim, which he thought did not confift with his
honi'ur, but confiding in his owne worth and innocency, prefcnted himfelf to the
f<)uldiers,whom by his grave fpeech and prefence he fo moved, that they were
turning back, till one more bloudy then the reft,thruft his fpear into his breft,whd
jpraying to ^ufiter the revenger, and covering his face with his robe fell downe
dead, having received many wounds. Some thinkcthat Latus-who made him
Emperor gave him his deaths wound. He lived 67 ycares, and reigned almofl
3 months : the Senat deified him •, and buried him. honourably.
Didius J'idimm nobly born, and Very rich, but ambitious, bought the Empire ^q
which the ibuldiers profcred to fell to him that gave vao^.Flavius Sulfitianus Fa-
ther in law to Pert max offered a large fum for it.which they rcfufed,becaufe of his
affinity with Pertmax.Thcrctovc^nlran by them is chofcn,who promifeth to fct up
again all the ftatues of Conmodm which were caft down,and to give them the fame
priviledges they had under him : wherefore they gave him the nameof Commo-
d/ts, they conveyed him to his Court, through the llieets, but covered their heads
with their targets, becaufe ofthe ftoncs flung on them from the tops ofthe houfes;
the
Chap. 5 . Hijlory of the IVorlci . 6 1
the people, inftead of acclamations, falutcd him and them with imprecations, (ovJ». Mundi
buying and fcUing the Empire. -D/^m^ gave himfclf wholly to his pleafures and v-(i''*Si*''^^^
riotoulhefle ; hee failed alfoinhis promifcs to the fouldiers, for he could not
pay the promiled fum, out of the treafure which was exhaufted by Comtnedm^
nor outof hisown Eftate, which came lliort of what he bragged-, therefore the
fouldiers began to diflike him : tne people did continually rail at him -, and fends
to Niger xX^tn Confuland Governour of Syria, that he would accept the Ehi-
pire. He being in good hope to obtain what was proferred ( feeing that DdtM
was hated both by the people and fouldiers) alTcmbles the Syrian Army , which
10 loved him well, bccauiehis government was gentle and pleafant, in that he gave
way to fliewsand plays,wherein the Syrians delighted: he askes their advice ^they
all with one voice falute him Augujim^ puts on his Emperiali robes, and carrying
the fire before, they convey him to the Temple at Antioch. EmbafTadours from
all the Eafte rn parts repair thither tocongratulate,profFeringtheir afliftance-, but
Xiiger thinking himfelf fecurc, gave himiclf to his delights, and ncgleded the
opportunity of repairing to Rome, wherefore ^ei/fr*^ an African, aftout and
crafty man, being Governour of Pannonia, and perceiving in what condition
the Empire was in, and being incouraged by his dream, wherein he thought that
the horfe whch cuxy&d. Pert wax through the x-w /)«:r.t , flung him down, and
*o fub mitted his back to Severu^s • he I fay by faire promifes and bribes, obtains
the good will of the Northern ArmieSjafTuring them, that he intended to revenge
the death of Tertinax^ by whofe name he would be called, and exhorts them to
inake haft with him to Rome,the Imperiall Seat, that they may firft feife on it.
The armies having faluted Severus Emperor t, he lofeth no time, but with all 4 ^ ^ 4-
fpeed, enters Italy, before any there knew his intention. Allthe Cities living in.^'C-i^4<'
long peace, and being affrighted at the greatnefle of his armies, opened their
gates, and proclaimed him Emperor, ^ulUn hearing of Severus his approach ,
raifcth mony for the fouldiers, which they took from himasadebt,notasagift:
and feeing that he was hated by the people, flighted by the fouldiers,and dcfpifed
jobythe Senat, he wrote letters to 5^^vr/«, proffering to make him his Colleague
in the Empire. But when he faw that all forfookc him, defired the Scnat to take
the Government from him, and beftow it on Severus^ which they did, and with-
all gave charge to a Tribune to put him to death, which he had bought with fo
much money. J>idus being flain, Severus fends for the Prctorian Guard which TJiJus lived
murthered P:rtinax^ wifliing them to leave their Arms behind, and to come only 6oyean,and
with bayes in a triumphing manner to rejoycc with him -, they did accordingly, m^wd 66
fufpeding nothing ^ but upon the Emperors command , they were incompalfed '%^«
round by the Army,ftript nakcd,and chekt for their murthering o^Pertifiax^ and
baniftied loo miles from the City. He might have killed them all, but would not
4.0 begin his reign with bloud.
Severus comins, to Rome was received by the Senat and people, with joyful!
acclamations. He diftributes large gifts among the people and Ibuldiers, makes
large promifes of his good Government, but fome of the old Senators fufpeded
the Fox. Who having flayed a while in the City, prepares to march into the Eaft •
againft Niger, who was fporting himfelfe at Antioch. Great preparations are
made both by Sea and Land. But fearing left Albinus then Governour of the
Britains , who was a Patrician and Commander of warlike Nations not far from
Italy, might in his abfence invade the Empire, thought it his beft way to invite
him by his letters, to (liare with him in the Government , and to commit the care
50 of the City to him •, which Albims willingly accepts.Thus Severus having made
all fure beninde him, marcheth againft Niger ^ with whom he had divers battels,
in the Hellefpont,atCi2ycusanIfland in Prop0ntis,at Nicomediain Bythinia
upon Pontus over againft Thracia,and in Cilicia,at laft he quite defeated him; and
caufed his head to be carryed about the Camp on a pole. He baniftied his wife and
children, and at laft murthered them.So he did kill thofe Senators and men of note
that adhered to isiiger. He beat down the wals of Byzantium, and turned it to a
village, he punilhcd Antioch, Paleftina, Arabia, the Parthians, and all the other
G " places
52 ThefecondFartoftke Book. 2
Ji\Mu-d: placcTwhich fided with iV/fcr. After this, returning to Rome, he made warrc
' • upon /4/^/«.'a,who in the firftconflid: got the better of i'f^'mw: who having recrui-
^-<=='''"^^''*'*^ ted , his Forces being now 50COO ftrong, at Lions encounters again with Albinus;
whom after a long and doubtful! skirmifh, he at laft defeated : but he was fain to
tear h;s robes, and run furioufly upon his ibuldiers with his naked fword, as they
were flying away, or clfe he had loft the day. Jlbirtus is brought to him forcly
wounded, ^vhole head he caufed to be cut off,and fent to Rome with letters, expo-
ftulating with the Senat for their affedion to his enemy: many of his favourers
both in Spain and France he put to death,ahd itiriched his coffers with their confif-
catcd eftates.He murthered without anyinditemcnt 43 of the Nobility:he caft Nar- j^
ci(Ihs to the Lyons for ftrangling of Csmmodus^v^hom in hatred of the Senat,he fil-
led God}\c calls himfelf the fon oi Marciis^znA brother oiCommedus^ and called his
fon BA[(ia/yus by the name of Ant omnus. He extinguiflied Alhinus his whole race.
Whileft 5ea'frw wasbufieinthefecivillwars, the Parthians feifedupon Me-
fopotamia, againft them he fends a great Army, takes Selcucia and Babylon; and
Ctefiphon alio, where the Parthian Kings ufcd to winter, and in it 100000 men,
but forwantofprovifionhe wasfaintoquit this place again. He laid ficge alfo
to Atra a ftrong and well walled City in Mefopotcmia ftanding on a high hill 5
but by rcaion the place was fo ftrong, the Ir.habitants fo refolute,the air fo intem-
perate, and the ficknelfc in the Army fo great, he was forced to raife the fiegc. Ihjq
this cxpeduion he kiis Z.^/«j for being too well beloved of the fouldicrs, as alfo
^ntms Crjfpasi'or reciting fome vcries in T/r^//, which he thought rtfledcdon
him: Many other brave men he put to death on frivolous pretences. P/<j»f;4;?^ was
his great favorite, without whom he adlcd not any things this man being raifed
from nothing to that greatnefre,that he ruled all, even the Emperor himfelf^madc
it death for any man to look on him whileft he paftcd through the ftreets. People
were commanded to fwear by his fortune. Severus honoured his daughter PlautilU
with the marriage of his own fon Antomms •, more wealth was beftowcd on the
Bride,then might fuffice 50 queens'.his ambition was fuch .that he aimed to be Em-
peror, therefore imployes one Saturriinus a Tribune, to murther him and his fon sq
Antomms in their chambers ^ but Satumintts dilcovercd the Plot to Severus,
Plautiayius is fent for, hoping the Princes had been difpatched , but found them
both alive , who having accufcd and reproved him, caufed him inftantly to
be flain. PLmtUU is baniflied with her child , and afterward both killed by
Ahtoranns ,who with his brother Gff4,began already to tyrannife over the people.
SLveriis\-\\^ Government was fo rigid and cruell, that he was truly called St-
vtrns^ and Pertindx. He was a great puniiher of theeves and robbers 5 he flung
to the wild Beafts one Bulas a Captain of the High- way-men. His laft expe-
dition he makes into Britain,where he loft, partly by the unwholefomenefle of the
waters, and partly by the Caledonii about 50000 men. But he at laftjforced them .^
to lay down arms : his fon riding behind him, had almoft killed him,if he had not
lookt back, and with his ftern looks affrighted himjwhom he only at that time re-
proved. The Britans rebelled,& the fouldiers mutincd,who would have made his
ion Emperor, againft whom Siverus is carrycu in his Litter,being then ill of the
Gout ; whole prefence made all fubmit ^ he caufed all the Authors of that fediti-
3uchamn.l.\ on to be put to death, cxcepthis fon •, and fitting in his chair of State bid the foul-
makssthii diers take notice, that the headccvnwAidcd, not the feet. He repaired or enlarged
Z^l ^°r. ""'" Hadrians wall,which before was So.now is 130 miles long. He dyed at York being
HadrlanT ^^ "^^^^^ °^*^' ^nxhc 1 8 year of his reign ; his two fonnes being reconciled, car- •
4184.' "^^ ^^^ ^^'^^ ^" ^" alablafter urn to Rome. Thus dyed he, whofe cruelty made 5^.
'A.C. 2*12. ^?™^ wiflihe had not been born , and whofe unworthy fucceflburs made them
* ivifli he had not dyed.
In his time lived iheodctus a Tanner at Conftantinople, who dcnyed Chrifts
Divinity, he rejeded the Gofpell and Revelation of St. ^oh>7^ wherefore he with
his' Difciples were called yi%/, that is, without the Word or reafon ; there was
another r/'£o^i'/«.f about that time, affirming Chrift to be inferiour to Melchife-
decz, then fprung uptheMekhiledecianhereticks, affirming Mdchifedec to be
an angell. Then lived the Praxeani or PatropafTiani, fo called from Praxeas the
Author
G H A p."'4 • Hiftory of the f^Forli . 65
Anchor, who affirmed the Father to have fufFered on the CrofTe. The Chriftians^^. Mundi
were fa]fly accufed forworfliipping an AfTes head -, and for being enemies to Mo- \ufV\^
narchy. Hence Filter was martyred with divers others .• the Parrician hereticks
affirmed that Satan was the Author of mans Body, Lenidcs Father o^Origen then
fuffcrcd 5 young Or/g-^;? could fcarfe be kept back from fiiflFcring with his Father,
whom by his letters he exhorts to conftancy. This is that Origen who gelded
himfelf and wrote the Hexaplon or Six-fold Expofition of the Bible diftinouiflied
into fix columnes. The i. Hebrew in Hebrew ktters. The 2. Hebrew in Greek
lctters,the 5. the Septuagints Interpretation, 4. that o^Aqniia^ 5. of Sjmmachm:^
10 6, o^Theodotiojj.Thtnzlio fuffercd for Cbrift, Philip Govcrnourof Egypt, Irenie-
»s Bifhop of Lions,and many more which made up the fift,or as fome fay, the 6 per-
fecution. Then was N^rci/us B. of Jcrufalem fallly accufed of adultery , and his 3
accufers ftrangely by God punifhed,the one by fire, the other by a loathfome dif-
eaie,the third with blindnelle.
Chap. IV.
The Roman affaires under Caracalla, Macrinus,Heliogabalus,4«,!/ Alexander ,
2. The affaires of ChriJlians^Perftans^ and others during that time.
THe aflics oiSeverus being brought into the City by his two fons in great ^i 8^4;
pompe, and interred in great folemnity, he was deified by the Senat , to whom a, C, 2 laii
'>. fucceeded his two fons Co- Emperors; but Caraca/Ia his eldefi Con by Mar-
tia^ began his reign with the bload of his brother Geta^ihc fon of ^«//4, whom he
murthered in his Mothers arms^after the murther he runs into the camp,perfwading
the fouldiers to proted him, for he had efcaped a great danger, his brother ha-
ving an intent to kill him*, which was falfe. He likewife flew his fathers Phyfitians,
for preferving him fo long alive.- he was called C^r^f^/Z^ from the barbarian gar-
SOmenthe wore. He raarryed bis mother in Isw 5f«/w, fhe animating him thereto,
and {hewing him that he might lawfully doe it, bein^ Emperor^ who mas to give
laivs^ not to receive any. He caufed to be put to death all that favoured his brother
Ceta^ 20000 at leaft, befides Pafinianus captain of the Guard, for faying, that it
was eafier to commit foricide^then to excufe />.Becaufc the Alexandrians called him
Oedifus , and his wife ^ecajte, he gave the city to the plundering of the fouldiers ,
who murthered there multitudes of all forts.He burned Ariftotles books ,becaufe he
thought that he had a hand in poyfoning his fcholar Alexander. He regarded none
but the fouldierSjfeeding them ftill with money.When ^ulia told him, that he was
too prodigally he laid his hand on his fword, faying: Ijhaffnever lack money, fo
4{o long as this ti with me. He delighted much in Necromancy and conjuring 5 one
time calling up the Ghofl of C<?w/»^^«j, he heard a voicCj, faying: Goeto thy fii'
tiiflment. Under pretence of making a league with Abgarus King of the Ofroem
a people between Syria and Mefopotamia , he caft him into prifon, and feifed on
his countrey.The Armenians fell from him. He would doe any fcrvill work with
the fouldiers, he flighted the Senat : he coyned falfe mony,and offered the fword
that killed his brother to ^tfM/*^ the ^Egyptian God, which fword afterward was
melted with lightning. He took great pleafure in fencing,and killing ofwild beafts.
In France he caufed many officers to be put to death. In Germany he killed ma-
ny thoufands, and then called himfelf Germanicus. In Afia he fell upon the Par-
50tnians, pretending that y^yw^^««J had denyed to marry his daughter to him accor-
ding to promife, and took the city Arbela in Perfia 5 and overthrew the Par-
thian Kings Sepulchers, calling away their bones. At laft amongft his own foul-
diers,whomhefomuchtrufted, as hee wascafing of him felfc, betwccnc Carre
and EdefTa, he is flaine by Macrinus whom he had made captain of the Guard*
The Emperor having received letters from Rome, as he was at his fports,gave
x\\zm to Macrinus to read, among thefe he found one, written by fome footh-
fayerstothe Princej willung him to beware of Macrinus^ for he aimed at the
G 2 Em'"
54 TbefecondPartofthe Book. 2.
'jnMit^Ji Empire, Mac-r7ws knowing in what danger he was, ii Ba[fiams^-\ovi\A know
v-^sJ^-v/^^fc-J of this letter-, hirtsonciv/^im^J/Jtokiilhim •, which he did •, the fouldiers pur-
o o fucd this Nartialis on horfe back as he was flying , and with their arrows (hot
^\ * o him dead. Micrinus hearing that the Emperor was flain, came weeping over the
. ^^^^ corps, as if he had known nothmg. Serapon -of Alexandria foretold
that Macrinus fliould fucceed to Bajfianus-, this; Ser/ipioa Antoninus killed af-
ter the lions had fpared him.He lived 29 years, and reigned tf years twomoneths.
In Ciiracali-'s time the Tertullianifts jfprung up who taught the traduftion
of foules, and that after death they were converted into divelso Origen (called
Adamantinus for his indefatigable pains, ) writes divers books, and vifits the See 10
of Rome. The Chriftians enjoy reft from perfecution/or y^;?/ow/7«j had fucked
the breafts of a Chriftian,whoin his youth promiled much goodneffe, and was fo
tender hearted,that he wept, when he heard of any thatwere to be flung to wild
beafts ; but when he was Emperor, God made him a fcourge to the Romans who
had flied the innocent bloud of many Chriftians.
^ 5, O films Macrinus an African , as untoward in conditions, as he was in counte-
^}^ ' o nance, was made Emperor by the Syrian Armies, and confirmed by the Scnat,
' *^ ' not out of any affedion to him, but out of hatred to Baffianus^hcins guilty, both
cfparicide,inccft, and all kind of wickedneffe. He made war with the ParrhianSj^Q
but being worfted was fain to buy his peace •, that he might give himfelf over to
his pleafurcs at Antioch, whence he baniihcd ^ulia Augufla for fome liarfli wordj
(he had let fall againft him, and afterward procured her death: as he did of all o-
thers who repined at his birth and Government. For his cruelty he was called Ma-
cellmus from ntacellum a (hambles, for his houfe was little better. Therefore for
his cruelty, voluptuoufnefTe, and parcimony toward the fouldiers , he was hated
by them. He ufed to burn adulterers alive,binding faft their bodies togctljer. He
indoledtwo fouldiers into two oxen,their heads flicking our,that they might fpeak
and breath,& fo there they remained till th«y dyed : for a rape committed on their
hofteflc.He qalled Diadumenns his (on,Antonwfti^\xomng hov grateful that name jq
was to tiic fouldiers,& made him Crf/ir,and his colleague in the Empire.But MefiA
Julia's fifter, which was the wife oiSeverw^^id. two daughters Soamis Concubine
o![BafjjA;.fti^\vho of her begot Heliogabaltu zndMamfnaa^ihc mother of Alexander.
Se'vrus hegotoihcv by Farius Mareelltts. This M^Jia by bribing the fouldiers
got tiiem to fall off from M'tcrinusto her fon Hdiogiib4Hs.M.icriniis fent ^ultan to
deftroy both the mother and fon,but the fouldiers killed;^«/w»,& adhered to Heli-
o^/i^.i/^,whercupon a battell was fought,in which both Macrwus and his Ion were
{lain He ufed to puniih informers with death,if they failed in theirproofs,if not he
rewarded them^but ftiU with difgrace : he lived 54 years, and reigned 14 months.
4 I 8 9< Vanus Aptomnus Heliogi^balus was eledcd Emperor, with no leffc applaufe then
A.C.iig.' rejedcd with indignation. He was called r4r/»^ becaufe fome think Fartus Mar- ^q
cellus was his father •, Antoninus from Bafftanns, who by Sexmis was faid to be his
father, andHf/;tfe^^'«/«/, orasicisinancicntcoines Etagabalus^fwrnthc name of
the Idol, whofe I rieft he was, either from the Hebrew i/-G?/'a/,thc Goti Gdd or
from 'HA'os the fun, and the Synac G'<j/'.j/,which fignifieth Bounds or C(;nfines,be-
caufe the Sun bounds orconfincs the year,by his mv.non in the Echptick.This Idol
was a ftatue of a triangular figure, reprefcnting • he Sun whofe Prieft he was. He
loved his mother fo well, that he was altogether ruled by her. Hefetupthe fer-
vice of his Syrian God upon Mount Palatine, mrending to h:ive him worfliippcd
every where. He cxpofed all honours to faie- He put Pvtufonu.s Bajp;s and many
other worthy men to death, for prying into his manners. He m.arryed ^-'jfw his 50
wife, then tepudiattd her for having one fpot in her fair bodv. Then he marryed
with Aejuifa Hcvera a vcftall Virgin, and afterward marry cu himleif ro men, as if
he had been a woman. He facrificed men to his Idol : 1 e ted his dogs with goofc
livers : his Palace was a meer bawdy houfe,he never fpcnt Iefl!c on a lupper, then
30 /. weight of filver. He caufed 10 thoufand pound weight of Cobwebs from all
parts of Rome to be brought to him, bythatftiewingthcgreaincfleof thccixy.
He caufed himfelf robe drawn into his Court,by 4 great dogs,^: never would waof
any
Chap. 5 • Hifiory of the IVorlci . 6 5
any where without 600 Chariots, Ihcwing that the Perfian King never travelled A^i. MuhJi
With kfle then loooo Caracis : he fpent whole dayes together among rofes and ^-uTsT^U
fwect oyntments : he fent yearly pretents to his flatterers, to wit, velicls full of
fnakes and Icorpions, and boxes full of flies, calling them tame Bees : he wore no
flioes but what were befet with rich jewels : he ufed to have tame Lions and Leo-
pards 31 his table : lie marrycd his Idol of the Sun to the I'AlLadnm or Ima'^c of
Talloi^ which he cauled to be brought into his chamber •, tbcn divorced them be-
caufe Ihe was armed, and made a match between iiis Idol and Vninm^ ivhich re-
prefented the Moon ^ which Idol was eoniecrated by X)/^/i',and held in much ve-
to neration by the Africans •, this Vrdnnt jiad a great dowry conferred on her ; and
Fcftivall dayes appointed through all Italy for joy of this marriage betweene the
Sun and Moon. This Image of the Sun he tran flared from the" City, into the
Temple which he built in the Suburbs, with great folemnity he hinafelfe going
backward before the Chariots, cauiing all the way to be ftrowed with the duft of
gold ; then affembling multitudes of people together from a high tower, he flung
down amongft them gold and iilver plate>and other rich things.which occalioned
a great deftru(5tion,pcople treading down one another.
When He//e_^4^<(/«xraw that the Senatsaffedion was more fet upon Alexander
his coulin German, whom they had made Cefar^ then on himfelf ^ he adopts him,
40 but fhortly after repenting, indeavouredtomurtherhim, becaufe he would not
follow and approve of his wicked courfes ^ wherefore the fouldiers intended to
cut oflf this young Sardampa/usy for lb they called him-, yet for this time they
fpared him, upon hopes he would reform(being yet but young)and put away from
himjhis evili Counfellors, but he grew rather worfc •, and fought to murther Alex-
ander: wherefore the fouldiers fell furioufly upon his followcrs,and parafites.cut
them in peeceSjand flew the Tyrant in the privy, where he went to hide himfelfe 5
ivhofe body was dragged up and down, and flung at laft into the river being fa-
ttened to a great Itone. His mothcr,with whom he ufed to commit inceft was flain
%vith him i and an A&. made, that never henceforth any woman Ihouldbe fuffered4 1 p 5*
30 to come into the Senat : for her fon was wont to bring her thither. He lived 18^. C. 2235
years, and tyrannized almoft 4. From the manner of his death,and place of bury-
all, he was called Tra£ittius and ttbermus^ he gave way to the rebuilding of Ni-
copolis or Emaus in Paleftina, upon the intreaty of J-ulius Afncdnus a learned
. Chnftian.Hc thought to have aboliihed all religions except that of his Idol,or elfe
to transfer all religions,even the Chriftian to Mount Palatme.
Aurelius Alexander^y birth a Syrian, was fon to Varttis, znd Mamm^it^t would
neither be adored nor flattered, nor take upon him the name oi Autoninus or M^g-^ 19 3-
fiusr,yct for his ftri<5l hfc & Government,he was called by the fouldiers Severus.Be ^' ^' ^^3'
countenanced Chriftians. His mother was a Chriftian, and a great lover of Ori-
\ogen. He was much addided to learning and learned men. He kept the fould ers
in awe by paying them duly , and disbanding the refradory , fometimcs by
whole Legions together, knowing that poverty made fouldiers defperate, arid due
j)aykept them in awe. Hefulferednone of Heliogabalus his preferring to ftay
in their places : and never beltowed preferment but on thole that feemed to
be unwilling. He cared not for rich apparell, faying that Pri»cifAlnj cer/ftfled in
'vertue y not in omtiments. He was milde, curteous, and affable. He would have
had all offices, trades, and callings, mafters and fervants,toweardiftind: appa-
rell. He repaired all Cities demolilhcd with Earth- quakes , but would be flow
no gold on Temples-,fliewing that it was needleffe there. He forbad the ufe or abufe
■50 rather of Evnuchs. He admitted no magiftrate, but fuch as the people approved
off, knowing that mens eftates and lives depended on them. He alligned falaries
for all publick officers. He fuffered no place to be bought, faying: he that huy > mnft
fell. He caufed one to be ftifled with fmoak , for felling promifes of preferment :
the Executioner in the meane time crying , He is funilhed with fmoik that
fold fmoak. He had in his private chappell the Images of Chnfi^ Abraham^ Apol-
lonius^ zndOrfhem. He would have built a Temple for Chrift,but that he feared
the Gentile Temples then would be fprfaken. He made muchof that Chriftian
G 3 fentence;,
55 ThefecondPartofthe Book. 2.
AnJdttfJi fcntence, "Doe to allmc)?^ asjou would have all men dee ta you. Underftanding that
I one dmidim fought to be Emperor, and to make a rebellion, he thanked him
for affednn^ that charge, which good men did avoid, then did he make him his
Colleague,clothcdhim richly ,and made him undertake the managing of the wars
with him,till he was weary , and fo upon his dcfire was difmifled, and fent fafely
home. The Chriftians had got a publike place to exercile in , which the Cookes
challenged did belong to them. Se'vems told them,that it n>as a place ftter for the
wcijlvf ifCid^thcn ibc drejfing of meat.
Jrtaxerxesthc PcrfianKirg came into the field with a mighty Army in which
were 700 Elephants, 1800 hooked Chariots. He having fubdued the Parthian jq
King Artabar,iii^ and united both Kingdomcs : he demanded reftitution of all the
Afiatick countries, which of old belonged to the Perfian Monarchy. Severn^ re-
turned him this anfwer, that he were beft make much of what he had in poflcffi-
on,and not meddle with the Roman confines, left he buy his demanded purchafe
at too dear a rate. 1 his anfwer not being fatisfaftory,but injuries increafing day-
ly, a battel! was fought , in which the Romanstook 300 Elephants, 200 Cha-
riots,and defeated loo and 80 thoufand horfe,and Mefopotamia was recovered^the
Perfians redeemed their Captives, and never durft in 40 years fpace take the field
again : ]the Romans alfo loft many of their men in this battell. They had alfo good
fuccefle in Armenia, Mauritania,and Illyricum.The enemies lands were beftowed 30-
onthefouldiersthat were left to guard the borders, and on their fonnes, if they
proved fouldiers. After this, when 5e'Vf>'/« had quelled the rebelling Germans,
and had commanded the disbanding of fome feditious Legions, he was murther-
ed with his mother MawmdA by the German fouldiers who copld not mdurc to be
curbed, having injoyed fo much liberty under Heliogahalus : this murthcr was
committed by the mftigation of Maximmus that barbarous Thracian, pretending
that his exadions upon the Provinces, caufed by his covetous mother, were in-
fupportable . One of the Drmda foretold him this fatall ftroke, by wifhing him to
beware of the fouldiers. He dyed neer Mentz in Germany, in the year of his life
29. of his Empire 1 3 » His chief Coiinfellors were Vlfianttsxhc great Lawyerjand 30
Julius Paulus.
Vlfian was a great enemy to Chriftians, caufing many of them to beput to
death 5 but he himfclfewas killed inihe night by the Praetorian Guard. Pope
Cdlliflus Avas flung into a deep well and drowned. Cakfoditis the Presbyter
then fuffered •, fo did Hyffelitfu a learned Chriftian. Under Vlfian Governour
of the City, the Se(5lof Valefians then flouriflied 5 who after the example
of Origen gelded themfelves 5 therefore were called Eunuchs : then was Ori'
gen excommunicate for his errors. Cxcilia the Virgin was then martyred.
Hierem about this time tranflated the Hebrew Bible into Latine 5 bccaufc
there was great altercation about the LXX^ Tranflation, being then three editi-40
ons •, to wit, Origens^ Lucians the Martyr, and that of HefychjM. Then GregO'
rius Thaumaturgus fo called , and Magnm too, for bis great learning and won-
ders, was martyred. Hee was Bifliop of Neocaefaria , the fcholar of Ori'
gen •, his name before was Iheederitu • then Ammonim a Chriftian F hilofopher
profefTed publickly at Alexandria •, then were there common burial! places
made without the City for Chriftians, called Coemeteria^ Area^Tttmhx^ CaU'
tumbA^ Crjpa^ &C.
JO
Chap.
Ch A P. 5. Hiftory of the MotMl 67
^^. Mu.
Chap, v .
T^eRom.tfi affaires under Mixlm'must Philip, Deciiis, Gallus, Valerian, Ga-
Ikmis dfjd otf^ers. 2. T/je Chrisiian and f arraign affairs of thofe times.
Aximinus a Thracian, whofe father was a Goth, and his mother an Alan 4 o 2 (5.'
or Scythian 5 was the tirft that without the Senats decree, by the fouIdiers/^.C, 2x6
' was made Emperor ; to whom he joined his fon for his Collcaeine .• he be-
10 ing confcious of his mean parentage,hatcd the Senat and Nobility, whom he mur-
thercd at his plcafure, andallthofe that knew his originall : he murthered at one
time 4000, at another time in Germany beyond the Rhcne, hee plundered and
burned the countrey for 400 miles together, killing multitudes of people : thence
he intended to make war againft the Sarmatians, and to reduce all thofe Northern
countries to the Roman obedience •, but neither the Romans nor Armies could in-
dure his cruelty ; therefore in Africa the fouldiers in a fudden tumult made old
Cerdiama being now 80 years of age Emperor, againft his will , he was Deputy
Conful of Africa •, the army having killed Maxtrnimts his Procurator, put upon
Gordian the Imperiall robe, and faluted him with his fon by the name of Augu-
•^Qfi^s : he was brought to Carthage in great pompe, whence he wrote to the Se-4 © 2 J? '
nat, how he was forcibly elcded Emperor.The Senat out of hatred to MAximinus\ r- ,' o
approved his eledion,gave order to deftroy all Maximinas his friends;they declare ' ' *
him and his fon enemies to the State 5 and Letters are diredcd to all the Pro-
vinces, to fliakeofftheir allegiance .• which inr aged J^/^xiwrnw .• he bribed the
fouldiers, and makes haft for Rome.
' CapeRiams a Commander under ii^<«A:/W««j in Africa, raifed an army againft
Cordianus. The old Emperor fends his fon with fufficicnt forces to encounter
him: the skirmifh was hot, in which young Gor^a^/'^^ was killed; asfooncas the
*Father hears of his fons death, knowing the cruelty and ftrength of Maximinus^
^5^ and the perfidioufnefl'e with thewcaknefte of the Africans, he ftrangles himfelf.
Then did Capeli/ams ckhcr banifli or murther all that were ofGW/<«;?»j his fide.
He robs the Temples, plunders the cities, and gives thefpoileto the fouldiers .-
when the Senat heard of this,they ere(fied two Emperors,to wit^Maxiwus Papiems
the city Captain , and Clodius Balbimis^ of an ancient and noble Family , to
whom they join the young nephew o^Gordianhy \\\s fiftcr. Maximus marched
forth with an army, Balbittus ftayed in the city to appcafc the tumults ; for
the Senators fell upon the Pretorian guard for prying into their fecrets, and
the Guard fall upon the people^ fire and fword rageth through the city, nei-
ther could the tumult be appcafcd till young Gordian was prefentcd to the
^o people •
When ii^/rA:/W»«j- had entred Italy, his army was pinched with famine, all the
^rovifion of the countrey being carried into ftrong Towns and Garrifons. Aqui^
leja fhutsthc gates againft him •• hcbefiegethit round; but the Inhabitants made
ftout refiftancc, continually annoying the fouldiers with darts, ftones, fire-brands,
burning pitch and brimftone ; and when their Engines grew ufelefle for want of
firings or cords, the women made ftrings of their hairs. Maxminus being mad
that he could doc no good upon the town , thinking it had been the lafinefle or
cowardife of the fouldiers, put many ot the Commanders to death, which fo exa-
fperated the fouldiers, that whilcftJtf^>r/>w/««J and his fon in the heat of the day
cypwere rcftinginthetcnr, theyrufti in and killed them both, faying : of a naughty
brood, onexvhelf is net to be left alive, ^hdihtzdi on long poles were carried
about Aquileja tobefeen,andthencetoRome,tothe great joy of the people and
Senat,which had facrificed to their Gods, that MAxirminus (hould never return a-
■live.Thus dyed he who of a fliepheard, and then of a foot- boy to Severus became
Emperor. His nimblenelTc in running, keeping pace with Severus his horfe , made
him a Tribune, his fon was a comely youth, but haughty and wicked , permitting _
men to kiffe his knees and feet : their bodyes were flung into the rivcr^, and their
53 TbefecondPart ofihe Book. 2.
'A'> i^iW^li^dsdiigracefuUy uled, xhcnbmnt in Campus Mantus^ the people filling him Cy-
yy'*s/'\^ clops ^ Bnfiftris^ ArH£i(s.
He raited the fixe perfecutionat^ainft Chriftians, out of malice to Alexanders
Family, bccaiife many of them profefTed Chriftianity, and to palliate this cruelty,
it was'given out thit the Gods had lent divers earthquakes lately for tolerating
Chriftianity, and ncgleding their fervice. 'Xhzxwvis Pont i anus BilTiop ot Rome
martyred, and within a month his fuccelTor Anterus with many others, chiefly
Clergy men.
4269. Miiximiis and Balhims driving for fupcriority, the former (landing upon his va-
ji.C.2^9' lour, the latter on his nobility, gave occafion to the fouldiers who loved neither of lO
them, (bccaufe chofenby theSenat,)tomurthcr them both. Whereupon Gordi-
ams is proclaimed y^«^«/?«i being 1 3 years old, or as others fay itf. His ftiort
reign was prefaged by a great earthquake, andfuchaneclipfeoftheSun, that they
vvere fain to burn candles by day: he fuppreflcd the fadion of Africa raifcd a-
gainft him by Sitbinianus-^ then marrycd with the daughter o^ Mifitheus a wife
and learned man, whofeadvife he alwayesufed. After this he opcneth the Temple
of ^'ifius^ anddenouncethwaragain(l5rf/'tfr« the Parthian King, who had inva-
ded Mefopotamia. He goeth into MKfia,fubdues his enemies in Thracia, drives
thcPerfians outot Andochia, and takes many other townes from the enemy •• he
fils all the Garrifons and frontier Towns with proviiion^ but after the death of 20
MifitheHs his father in law, he was flighted by the army for his youth,and one Phi-
lip is appointed to be his tutor,and Govcrnor;who infuiting over the young Prince,
firft thrufl him quite out of Government , then gave way to murthcr him , which
was done by nine alTafHiats, who all ot them afterward flew themfelves , with the
fame fwords that murtheredthe,r Lord. This was the end of- Gflr^/^» the third, in
the 20 or 22 year of his age, having reigned^ years. This priviledge the Scnatbc-
flowed upon his family that none of themfliould bee called to publick offices oc
imoloyments againftthcirwUls. This Epitaph was fet up for him on the confines
of Perfiain Latin, Greek, Pcrfian, Hebrew,and ^Egyptian letters Divusfiordianus
cnquerer of the Perftans, Goths^Sarmatians^fHkduer of the the Roman feditiom^ con- 3^
querotir of the Germans^ hut not of the Philips. About this time Helcjomdes fuf-
iered Martyrdom, whofe brefts were firft cut ofF,and flung to wilde beafts,thcn fljc
was tortured with fire,and at laft beheaded.
Philip the Arabian of obfcure parentage fucceeded with his fon Saturnims^
wh ^m now he cals Phil/p .- he made peace with the Perfian, built Philippopolis in
Arabia, made a great Pan for water beyond Tibris where water was fcarfe, and
celebrated the thoufand year of the city with fecular fports, in which were fhevred
to the people all forts of wild beafts, as Lions, Leopards, Tigers, Elephants, &c.
which Gerdian had provided for his Pcrfian triumph. But fuch multitudes of
torches there were in the night time that a great part of the city took firc; Philip aq
was the firft Emperor that was baptizcd,but was not admitted to the Communion,
till he had publickly made contclfion of his former fins, his fon was fo grave, thac
he was never obfervcd to laugh. Philip having fent Decius againft the rebelling
PannonianSjWas by him ftript both of his life and Empire. For Philip hearing thac
4140^ Decius was made Emperor by the Pannonian fouldiers, left his fon in the city, and
A,C,2')0. Kiarcheth againft him with an army, the battell was fought at yerom,{a which Phi-
lip is flain and his army defeated 5 upon the news of this, his fon is fl^iin ac Rome
being 1 2 years old,they reigned 6 years.
About this time the Arabian hcrefic, concerning the dying or flecping of the
fouls with th(Hrbodies,and their rifing again the laft day,was refuted by a Synod 5^
held in Arabia,and by origen who dilputed againft thera. Then did Cyprian fuc- "
cced Domtus in the Billioprick of Carthage : who fcoffingly was niclcHamed
Caprian by his adverfaries.The Chriftians in Alexandria, arc pcrfccuted,among the
rcH,Apo/lonia the Virgin, who fuffered all her teeth to be beat out, her jaws bro-
kcn,and at laft to be burned,rather then flie would blafphcme. The Helccfaites de-
nying Pattls writings,and holding mentall faith fufficient, without oral! confcflion ,
are refuted by origen,
Vecitts
Chap. 5. Hiftory of the World,
Decius a Pannonian born, is with his Ton Beans confirmed in the F.irpirc by thc^;/. Mmdi
Senar.In their reign was a gi cat pcifcciuion.^.^^j/^r^ was m^rtyicd at Anticch,J^/f,v- Ky~'^'\J
«jw<-/i?r at Jerufalem, FAhlanus at Rome, all Biniops./>'/z^j/^f did firft Ice his 3 lonncs
martyred, exhorting them to conftancie, thenluffercd hiinielf, his wife looking
on, who bur3'ed their dead bodies. Hehad wars wi^htheGorh.sor GetcsofwhomAi 22.
he killed 30000. but fliortly ahcr his fonnewas killed, and he hiinfelfe driven by^.c.2S2,
the Goths into a lake where he w;!s drowned, nor could his body bee found after-
ward : they reigned two years. In thegrcat and feventhperfccution, which was a-
bout their time, PW,(and after his exainple^othcrs retired for fecuriiy into the wil-
lOdcrnefTc, whence begun the order of Anachorites to increafcj then alfo did Gre-
gorius Thaumaturgtis retire into thedcfarr.
Gtilliis after the death of Bcdns and his fon was chofen Fmpcror by the fouldi'
crs and confirmed by the Senat. It's thought that they both lolt tiieir lives by his
treachery: he concluded a difhonourable peace with the Gorhs, making fiim-.
fdfc their Pcnfioncr : then he went to Rome with his fon Volnfimns whom hee
made Ctcptr, and his Colleague in the Empire : hee adopted Deems his other
fonne, and then murthered him : his cruelty againft Chriftians, and his care-
lefTe government drew in the Scythians,Gorhs,Burgundians, andPerfians, 'vho
wafted the borders ofthe Empire lying neer them : befides the plague from ^thi-
loopia raged 1 5 years throughrhe Empire. £»;///<*»«j General! to Callus, in one bat-
tell defeated the Goths. Whereupon he was made Emperor by the fouldiei s,which
Callus underftandinjjraarched with his fon againfl him-,bur they were both flainin a 21 a
the fccond year of their reign,and Emiliams z months after was killed by his foul- ^ r ,T>t '
J- • L rL- ^ /I.e. 254,
dicrs m the 40 year of his age.
About this time Novatus and his fedaries lived, who called themfelves CathaH^
that is, Puritans, theydenyedhopeof pardon to thofe that fell in time of perfe-
cution; he was condemned by a Synod of 60 Bifliops called by Pope Cornelius i
and fo he was by Cyprian and by the Bifliops of Africa. Sahellius then taught that
there was but one perfon of the Father, Son ^nd Holy Ghoft, Or!gef$ about this
50 time died being 68 years old, who at Alexandria had indured divers tortures for
C'hrifl, at laft offered inccnfe to the Idol, to avoid the abuiing of his body by a
Black more; for which fad he fpentthc reflof his time in weeping, and iilence,
refufing to Preach or write any more : not long before this, in the time of I>e-
eius fevcn young men at Ephcfus, to avoid the perfecution fled into a cave ,
where being fhut up by their perfecutors, ilept in the Lord 5 hence they were cal-
led The feven fleepers-, then Ptortius Bifliop of Smyrna, Agatha the Virgin.and ma-
ny others were martyred.Pope Cornelius alfo fuffered martyrdom about that time.
Lucius Vakrianus being now aged is made Emperor in Rhetia •• his Ion Gallte- 4 ^ 3 i* ^
fiusViiKmAt CA^.ir. T^/crM^ had gone with much credit through all degrees of-^*^'^^^*
40 honor, at firfl fic was 3 great friend ofthe Chriftians,rlll he was perverted by a cer.
tain Magician of Egypt .• who brought him to cxercifc diabolicall arts,tofacri.
fice men and children , and perfecute the Chriftians.For which impieties the
whole Empire is pun.ihed with f aminc,plagues and war-, the Scythians and Marco-
mans break in upon Macedonia and Greece : the Goths and Burgundians iipon I-
taly, the Scythians and Pcrfians rage in Afia. r^/ifww having, left the Govern-
ment of the Weft to Galiiems,mi]ics an expedition into the Eaft againft the Per-
sians who had taken Antiochia and Csefarea .• he did what he could to keep out
the Scythians, but in vain, for they brake in with fuch multitudes , that they
burnt and facki Trapezus, Chalccdon,Nicomedia, Nic£ea,and many other towns,
5oC3tTyin^ away infinite booties and numbers of people. At laft finding his army wa-
fted With fickncfre,and that he was not able to encounter with Sapores the Perfian,
he offered to buy his peace , but Mucrinm his Egyptian witch , who had m-
cenfed him againfl: the Chriftians, betrayes him to Sapores^ who fo long as hee
Uvedufedhimashisfoot-ftoolcwhenhetookhorfe, at bft flcad him alive-, his
fonne Callienus deified him after his death, whom he ncgleded in his Ufe. For he
rejoyted when He heard his Father was dead; that being freed from aceofor,
he {night give himfelfe to his pleafures, leaving the Eaft at randume, which
was
Tbefecond Van of the Boo k. 2.
7°
A Mund> was invaded by Mdcrmus , or Mdcriaaiis , with his two fonnes Macrinus and
- So wen-y were the fouldicrs of Gallieinis^ and fo giddy headed, that in his time
they chofe no lelTe then 30 Emperors, every army fetting up their own Generall.
• The Gauls & Germans were driven out of Italy,with their hmperor by Galliems,
Jmenun> is overthrown by him at Murfia, and whole Cities left defolate.i?ff ^/'4-
ms is defeated alfo by GalLennspcoA P/fo in Theflaly by Falens^ is killed and he by
the Ibuldiers ihorrly after. Aurclius in Illyricumoverthrowcs Macrimus ^ who
-came thither out ot Afia with 44000 men : he with his fon Macrinus were both
Stilled, and 3ocooofhis fouldiers became prifoners to AureUus. His other fOnio
o^uians and Bdbjl^i^ were defeated and (lain by odemtus. Thus was M'unams
puniflied with his two fons, for his treachery againft F'tleriar/and the Chriftians:
and GHll/enus for his favour to them began again to flouriihi : he proclaimed peace
through all the Provinces, and permitted Chriftians to have their meetings in their
Cameteria. i/£mtliams Govemour of Egypt and T/'fW for his cruelty againft
ChnftiansAvasinaconflid:takenprifonerbyT/?£'flio/w, GAlltenus his General!,
fenttoRome, and there ftranglcd in prifon : he had been made Emperor by the
fouldiers, who fo tyrannifed that D/(?»)/j?/«BiQiopof Alexandria,wasglad to fly
with many more to the Defarts of Arabia : where in ftead of preaching, he fpent
his time in writing. Canfoleus brother to Theodetus defeated Trehelltus ^\v\\om the 20
Ifaurians a people in the leflcr Afia had made Emperor .Yet henceforth they (hook
off the Roman yoak, trufting to the naturall ftrength of their country, more then
to their men.
In Gullienus his time PoFthuiftus rebelled in Gallia, and armed the Franci a peo*
pic neer the Rhcne, not known or named before this time in any Hiftorian. He
governed with great moderation for i o years, at laft was flain by his fouldiers.
In his time alfo befides the mifery of war, there were divers earthquakes , and
fuch darknefl'e for many dayes together, that people dyed with fear. So great
was the plague at Rome and Achaja, that 50CO dyed in one day.Macedonia is o-
verrun by the Gothes ; Afia by the Scythians, who fpoiled and burned the Tem- 30
pie of J>w»rf-, Sicilia by the ilaves-, Gallia and Spain by the Francs. Sdoninus
Gallnniis his fon is killed by Pojlhttmius , and GaUiems himfclf wounded -, his fa-
ther a prifoner and flave in Perfia. Yet for all this GdUenus muft triumph at
Rome over the Pcrfians by whom his father was beaten 5 fo that fcoffingly a-
mong the Perfian captives at Rome, inquiry was made for Valerian the Em-
pcrour.
The valour and fidelity of o^^»rf/«.f, Generall of (7/tA^/f»»j in theEaft, is re-
maikab'e-, for when allfcemed to be loft, heraifethan army, takes in Nifibis
and Mefopotamia, defeates Safores^ and makes him fly, feifcth on all his treafures
and Concubines, fends the captive Perfian Nobility to Rome, tobeinfulted 0-40
ver ; in requittall of which good fervice, he makes odemtus his Colleague, in
his Empire, cals him y/«^ «/?«/, and on his money ftampt his vidories. In the
mean while the Scythians returning home with their booties and captives , were
moft of them drowned by ihipwrack. And fuch is the uncertainty of military fe-
licity, xhdX. odenattts hy u\c treachery of iiff^wwj his coufingermanis flain with
his fonne H erodes 5 and Mmomus ftiortly after by the fouldiers. Zenob'ia, the
mafcuhne wife of odenntns undertook the Government in her childrens minority,
fo dexteroufly, that ftie kept all about her in fubjedion : So was Pofihumms after
all his good fervices flain in Gallia by Lolliantis^ and he by Ftciorinus^ the fon of
Viciorina , who like another Zenobia by the help of Tetrktts and Marius, ftopt 50
the incurfions of the Barbarians. Viciorinus a brave Emperor, but given to wo-
men, is murthered by the means of a woman the wife of >^/mw»»/, whom he
loved. Marias Oi Blackfmith is made Emperor, and the third day after was
murthered by his fervant. Then was r^^r/<r«j made Emperor by ViBorina. He
was of a noble extraftion, and Governour of Gafconic : his fon Tetricus is made
Cafar.
Gallienus wholely addifted to his plcafures negledled the Government:
among:
Chap. 6. Hiflory of the World, ~ jT
amonf^d.vfrsofhisridiculous Ads, thisisone-, hecaufeda certain fellow for (d-Ajg^M^fj^i
ling glalle jewels in ftcad of rrue,tobe brought to the place, where he was to be caft v/'VN-/
to the Lions •, but inftcad of a Lion,he lets a Cspon out of the coop upon him ^
whilcft the people flood wondering at this toy, he caulcdthis tobe proclaimed:
the theater u cheated. His carelefnefTe drew Atireolus with an Army of Rhe-
tians and Pannonians towards Rome, -^hom GinlUenns met and drove him into
Millain-, having defeated his Army. But G<j///<?w//.f was not long after by i/,jr//<j-
/?«jand Htraclianus murthered in the dark, as he fuddenly ran out of his tent up-
on a noife that the enemy was breaking, in upon him. Aurcolus was guilty of this
10 murthcr ^ for he de-iced letters in which wcix wnttenthe names of the Tribunes
and chief Capraincs of GdUenus his Army whom he meant to flay •, thefe Let-
ters were fecretly flung over the wall, and taken up, as if they had been loft by
chance. By this device GdUenus was fufpedlcd, and fo murthered,having reigned
9 years alone, and (5 with his Father. He was deified by his fucceflbr Claudius -^
but vihfied by the Senat, who decreed that his friends and courtiers lliould bee
flung down the Gemonian iadderSjand prayed the infernall Gods, that his place
might be among the wicked.
CaUtems was a wicked Prince yet mild towards the C hriflians, who put an end '
to the perfecution by his Father Valerian^ under whom Pope Xisius was mar-
j© tyred •, Cyprian beheaded r, and S. Laurence the Deacon,broyIed. About this time
was the great difpute concerning rebaptization. Cyprian made herericall baptifm
void. The Bifhops of Rome held it to be good ^ and fo did Dionyfim of Alexan-
dria 5 only he made void the Baptifm of thofe hereticks which denyed the Tri-
nity. He alfo refuted the Millenaries opinion of Chrifts i coo years reign.About
this time fprung up the Angel- worfhippers, called Angeltct^ who were quickly
extinguiftied 5 and the Apoftelici, who held it fin to poffeffe either goods or wives:
then was .S^w^y^f^/^z^- who denyed Chrifls Divinity ,condcmned by the {Synod at
Antiochia: and depofed afterward by Aurelian.
30
Chap. VI.
I. The Roman affaires under Claudius, Aurelianus, Tacitus, Probus, Pro-
cuius , Bonofus, Carus, Numcrianus and Carinus. 2. o/Zenobia, andef
the Chrifiian and f arraign affaires.
F^ ■LA'u':Hi Claudim a Dalmatian, was by the Senat and foiddiers named 'Bm-z^t^^y
\ pcror. He was filled by the Senat, Father^ Brother, Frie^J. He overthrew j,c, 26 f»
^«r^o/«j in a l)attell and flew him. He defeated the Alemans, necrthe lake
4oBcnacUs.ThcGoths,andScythians,tothe number of 300 and 20000. fall upon
divers parts of the Empire, at fuchatime when the Romans had neither offen-
fivc iior defenfive Armes, when Tetricm ha.d all Gallia and Spain, the chiefc
ftrcngth of the Commonwealth,when Zenebia had al the Archers with her,yet the
Barbarians wereftill puttothe worfl: bothatM£eria,Martianopolis,Byzantium
and ThefTalonica.Multitudes of them fled to the hill Hemus,where without purfu-
iiig of C//««^/»f,they dyed of the plague and famine. The Romans carelefTely
bufied about their plunder, lofl 2000 of their men by the Scythians in their flight,
returning upon the Romans-,but this lofs was repayed with the flaughtcr of 50000
Scythians.
50 About this time Zenebia Queen of Palmyrena a Town and Countrey of Sy-
ria, raifed an Army of 80000 againfl Egypt, arid caufed the Egyptians to receive
a Garrifon-, but Prefe»f Admirall of thofc Seas under Claud/m drove out the
Garrifon againe, and with an Army of Egyptians arid Africans, defeated the
Palmyrenians 5 but fliortlyafier being bet rayed by T/zwt'^f /a « the Egyptian, he
killed himfelf. The Scythiaris invaded Crete and Cyprus, but could doc no good
by rcafon of the fiokneffe that followed them 5 of which C/W/«j dyed at Sirmi-
um in Pannoriia neer Danubius.He was riot only deified , but had a golden ftatue
eredea
„2 ThefecondPart ofthe Book. 2.
A^w^ijereded to him, neer Jupiter in the Capitol-, and a golden Target with his Image
Vj'^i^rxjon It in the Curia. He dyed of the plague with which alfo the Roman Army was
" ~ ' infc6ted.
^w;jf////« his brother fucceeded, a Prince of excellent parts had he lived ; but
Ke dyed the 17 day of his Empire , being flain by his foiildiers for his feverity^ or
as others fay, at Aquileja he killed himfelfe for anger, that Aurelimus was made
Emperor by the fouldiers. In Claudius his time the Chriftians began to be perfc-
cutcd afrelh. An edid being publiflied that all Chriftians fhould keep within their
Erifons , otherwaycs they fhould bee punifhcd if any of them were found a-
road. ^ 10
4241. Aurelianus was eleded Emperor by the fouldiers ^ he had given good proof of
J»C. ayii his valour in the time of Claudius by expelling the Goths out of Thracia. In the
Sarmatian war he (lew in one day with his own hands 48 of his enemies , and in
divers battels above 950. He wasborninSyrmiumofmean parentage, his mo-
ther was a prieftefTe ofthe Sun. He was a valiant but cruell Prince. He caufed a
fouldier for committing adultery with his hofteffe, to be torn afunder between the
bowes of two trees. He kept the fouldiers in fuch awe, that they durft not quar-
rell, nor be feen in Taverns, nor fuffered to fteal or rob the leaft thing without
punifhmcnt. He recovered all the Roman bounds invaded by the Barbarians,Hc
overcame the Marcomans, and in 3 great battels, to wit, at Placentia, at the river 20
Metaurus and in the Fields of Ticinum now called Papia in Infubria.But not with-
out great lofle ofthe Romans, who prefumed fo much on his valour, that they
thought it needlefle to implore the help ofthe Gods. He returnes to Rome ana
appcafeth the City feditions, having put to death the chief incendiaries, and fomc
Senators too,for Imall offences,taking the witneffc of one mean man againft them.
He inlarged and ftrengthened the Roman wals, fo that now they were 50 miles in
compafle. He marcheth againft Zenobia^ now Queen of Egypt, and ofthe Eaft ;
in the way he had many skitmiflies with the Barbarians. Thyana (hut the gates
againft him, whereat he vowed he would not leave one dog alive in the town-,yct
when it was betrayed, he fparcd it, killing onely the Dogs for his oaths fake, and 30
theTraitour, faying ; He that rvoi net faithfull to his ccuntrey^ would be faifb*
full to vont : then he recovers Antiochia, and afterward defeates Ztnolia^ ( after
the Roman Horfe had fled ) by the Foot incouraged to fight ^ by a divine
apparition. So at laft Zenobia being difcomfited , hee enters EmifTa vifto-
lioiifly.
Aurelian having quieted the Syrians,Perfians,Saraccns,Armenians,and Egypti-
ans^befiegeth Paliiyrajand in it Zenobia^ whom he had already overthrown in bat-
tcls.Shc finding tile townin danger, makes an efcape, toward Pcrfia upon Drome-
daries, but is overtaken and brought back to Aurelian^ who refcrves her and her
children^ for the triumph. He fpared the town, but flew Longinus the Philofo- aq
pher, and the other Authors of this war. Having pacified the Eaft, he returns to
Europe 5 where he fubdues the Carpi -, in the mean time the Palmyrians rebeUI,
fills the Garrifon, and M\v^x% AchilUus to his enemy. Aurelian upon this re-
turns in fury, levels the town with the ground, and kils men, women, and chil-
dren. Then returning to the Weft, he makes Egypt quiet •, thence he marcheth
againft Tetricus in Gallia, who delivers up his Army, which he could not rule to
Aurelian - fome of thefe Legions he fubduedjthe reft fubmitted to him. So having
quieted Eaft aud Weft, he is carryed in triumph through RomCiand was the firft
that wore the Diadem with Robes all of gold and rich ftones. After Zenobia had
been led in triumph with her children, they were permitted to live privately atjo
Rome.
In his time the coyners of falfe money, fearing to fufFer, rebelled, and raifcd an
army of yeoo in the city 5 whom Awelian overthrcw^and cruelly ufcd. He con-
demned alfo many ofthe Nobility. He removed the Roman Garrifons out of Da-
cia which he could not keep, and placed them in M«fia. He incrcafed the citic
provifions, he made an 4w»^j?ji or a<a of Oblivion, and put downe all informers.
He puniihed cxa fting and corrupt Officers moft rigoroufly. He was rich in gold
and
Chap. 6. Hijiory of the IVoM, 7^
and jewels, which he laid up in rhe Temple ofthe Sun* Atlaft having denounced An. Mtindi
war againft the Perfians, in the way betwecne Hcraclea and By/antium, hee v-^^V-^^J
was murthered by his Secretary Mnefiem^ who fearing to be qucftfoned for ibme 4^4^'
bribes he bad taken, and for exad:ion,countcrfeitcd the princes hand, and fenta--"^'^*^?^*
broad among the fouldiiers the names of thofe whom VaUrum meant to cut off^
butfalfely. The fouldicrs thinking this to be true, plotted his death. But when
truth was difcovered,r<j/<rm« was honoured with a Tcmple^and Mmjicui flung to
the wild beafts.
In his time .S^W(?/uf;?»^Bifliopof Antioch, was maintained in his herefie by
JO ZenohtA^ then Qgecnc of all that Coiintrey. Whileft Aurduin was putrmg pen to
paper to fubfcribe an edid againft the Chriftians,his armes were taken andfliaken-
with fuch a fuddenpalfie, that he could not write. Now dyed Plottms the Phi-
lofopher, and Perphyne his fcholar^ firft a Chriftian, afterwards becomes the bit-
ter enemy of Chnft, againft whom the eight, or (with others) the ninth perfecu-
tion was raifed, in which Pope Fel/x was martyred. Now the Manichees fpread,
and A/4w^^ their Patron is flead alive by the Perfian King, for undertaking to
cure his fick fon with his prayers, which he could not doe,for the child dyed. In
die Sea of Antioch Domnui iucceeded to Samofater.us^ai-id to him Tim^us. Aureii-
4» reigned 5 years. ■
2Q To him fucceeded Claudius Tacitus, chofen by the Senat, fix moneths after An-
rff//4»5 death •, for all that time the fouldiersrefufed to choofeany, leaving the e-
leftion to the Senat, at which all good men rejoyced. But he ;-cigned not much
above fix months, for he dyed of a feaver, fome fay he was killed by the fouldiers,
being 66 years of age. He was an excellent Governour : he caufed a golden fta-
tue to be ereded to Aurelian^ and put to death all that had a hand in his, murther :
liis brother -Florianm fucceeded as heir, wiiho^ confent of Senat or Army ,2 747.
wherefore he continued not much above twombneths,for underftanding that Pro- a.G, 277J
hus'-w^LS chofen Emperor by the Armies,and was marching againft him,he fell into
a deep melancholy, and killed himfelf 5 others fay, he was killed by his Guard,
3obeing 23 years old. He affedcd the Empire, which his brother T.Jtr/Vaif refufed 5
who made it death to^dulterate moneys who beftowed his Patrimony on publick
iifes. He highly honoured Tacitus the Hiftorian, placing him in every Library :
he was very fpare in his dyet, and modeft in his apparell, wearing no richer then
private men ufe to wear; nor did he fuffer his wife to wear jewels .• he never fuf-
fcred a night to pa(re,in which he did not cither read or write fomewhat : He was
coo good for the Romans to enjoy long.
Aurelius Probus fucceeded,being a good man both in name and life. He was an4 ^ 4 7*
i^ungarian born, and fon oiMaximus the Tribune. The fouldi'f rs made him Em- ^' C. 277^
peror againft his will ^ and when it was propounded, that none ihould be chofen
40 but he that was valiant, juft, holy, modeft, and milde,all cryed out with one voice,
Godfave AfigujlusProkus. He was made a, Tribune, before he had a beard : he
executed juftice on thofe that plotted the death oiAureltan and Tacitus: but fpared
them that followed Floriau^Qczw^c he was the Princes brother,^and no tyrant : he
drove the Germans out of Gaul,& recovered from them 60 Cities,& killed almoft
400900 Barbarians.9 German petty kings humbly fubmitted, and fell flat at his
feet. He fupprefled the Getes and Sarfnatians : then marching into the Eaft, he
cleared thole countries of oppreflion, robbcrs,and high way men : he made peace
with the Perfians. And tranflated icoooo Battarni (a people of Sarmatia) into
the Roman Territories : he fupprefled the Vandals and others who rebelled : hee
50 overthrew Satttrnims Warden of the Eaft Marches. Him the Egyptians againft
his willfaluted Emperor.Pro^«j {cnt him mild Letters,and promifes of pardon,but
the fouldiers would not truft him •, wherefore he was fain to fubdue him by force
of armes -, whom he overthrew in divers battels, at laft befieged him, whom the
fouldiers took and flew, though againft Probus his will. He overcame alfo Pro-
(ulus whomtheGaules had faluted Emperor* And Bonofus the great Drinker,
called therefore the Hanging Tankart : this man was imployed by Aurelian^ to
entertain EmbalTadouis purpofely CO fox thcm,thatthercby he might fiili out of
H them
rj^ TbefecondPartofthe Book. 2.
'An'.Mmiii them their fecrc.s. He being overcome by Vr(JoHs ftrangled himfclf. But his wife
v.„6s»-v'"'feJ (being a noble Goth and a good woman ) hec rcfpefted and beftowcd on her
whileft flie lived a yearly Penfion. But the wicked fouldiers could not long brook
fo good a Prince-,for they hated him becauic he would not fuffer them to-live idlcly
like drones, and to feed upon the fweat of other mens labours , therefore
he imployed them in making vineyards throughout Gallia, Pannonia and Mxfia :
and as he was imploy ing them to drain the fens of Syrmium,whcrc he was born,
riiere he was murthered, having fledintoatowcr,buttonopurpofe.He reigned a-
bout 6. years,and lived 7 5 .
4^52. Thus ended that good Emperor, whofe epitaph- was this : Hen Ikth Probus jq
A, C.iSi.jfjg Eniferor^ /r«/)i Probus, or good. Conqueror of the Barbarians^ Conqueror of
the Tyrapts. After his death the fouldiers grew exorbitant,taking on them the full
power to choofe the Emperor,which the Senat out of covetoufnefle, or cowardifc,
or fadions,negleded. In his time Trofhrntu and others were martyred at Anti-
och. Pope EM-jchunm who had buryed with his own hands 42 Martyrs,' fuffer^d
martyrdom himfelf.
C<Jr»f Captain of the Guard fucceeded. Him Vrobm had recommended to the Se-
nat for a brave man.He fupprefied the Sarmatians,making irruptions upon Panno-
nia and Thracia,and made them quiet after he had killed i dooo of them,and taken
priloners 20000. Hec had two fonnes,C<ir/»»f and iV«/wm/r««j,the(e he named ^q
Cdfars: he commits to Carinus fa wild young man) the charge of Gallia ^ and
takes Nftmertantti a folid and eloquent Prince alongft with him into the Pcrfian
War. He enters Mefopotamia with a great Army, and takes it. Then march-
eth along to Ctcfiphon without refiftancc , and obtaines the title of Imferator
Terficm. But having paffed beyond the bounds of the Empire, he was ftruck
with thunder, and dyed fud(^nlyi in his Pavilion. His beft forine Numeri-
antfs wa.s fubjedto foar Eyes, which now ware fo weakewith weeping, that
heewas carryedin a Litter. Ari/^ Aper his Father In law, aiming to be Em-
peror himfelte •, murthcrs iV««;f>'/w«f, and conceals the faft, giving out that he
could not come abroad becaufe of his foare eyes •, but the fmell of the dead car- jq
kaffe revealed the murther 5 whereupon .Diocletian is chSfen Emperor by the
Army, and ^/'ir flaine by the faid X>/*f/mrf»-, fothe Druidetoldhim,thathc
ftiould be Emperor when he killed the Boar -, which now was fulfilled : for A^er is
SL Boar.
G/r/««f the other fonne, znd another Heliogabalus for wickedneflfe, hearing
his Father and Brother to bee dead , grew worfe then before. Hec over-
. threw and killed ^hlim and his Army, who aimed at the Empire. In divers
battels he with flood Diocletian. At laft hee was killed by his own fouldiers. *
He did fo degenerate from his Fathers vcrtues, that he denyed him to be his
fon. Numerian was a good Poet, and like to prove an excellent Prince. Thus^^a
Cartes and his two fonnes reigned about two yeares. Carm lived 43 ycares,.
Ntimerimtts 20. and Car inns 18. to Nnmertanus was crefted an Image of
bpffe.
Chap. VII.
rhe Roman affaires under Diocletian, Maximianus,Galcrius, Conftantius,<i»</'
Maxentius. x. The horrible ferfeemion of Chnfitans nnder them, 3. of the
Ferfian and f arraign affaires of thofe times. jq
4254^ 't 7 ^^^^^^^ Diocktianus born in Dalmatia, his Father was Secretary to Ami-
A.C.zZ^, \ ^'^'^^ the Senator: his mothers name was Dioclfa. He finding the Em-
^ pire fubjcdtofo many diftradions, did choofe a Co-Emperor, Maxi-
j»w»«^ of country parents, but a good fouldicr. He called UmHerculeus^ and
hmifelfe ^ovtus , after hec had fubdued the Perfians and Egyptians. They alfo
cnoie two Cafars to afliftand fucccedthem. Diocletian chofe Galerius Maxi-
mirtus
Chap. 7' Hiflory of the IVorlL 75
minm 2l Tbrachn, if itximi/ius defied Flavius Cofifiaftt/usChlorus, whom Cams An* Mmdi
meant to have made his fucceflbr , and to have killed his flagitious fonne Carims. wOy%^.
Maximiams marcheth into France, and fuppreflcs the infiirreftions thereof the
countrey people, and robbers, called by them BitgaudiS. Thefe foure thus divided
the Empire between them. Maximianus H erculeus ohiziVitd Italy and Afric. C^w- ^ .-
Bmtim all beyond the Alpes Northward. Caleriits allthecoaft of Illyricum to^ ^ ^1,
Pontus. Z)/^f/<?^/^« undertook the relh By marriages thefe great Commanders u- '
nited themfelves , for Diocletim beftOwed his daughter vderU upon Muxi^
minus. M^x. Herculcus gave his daughter in law Theodora to Conjlmtius.
10 Diocletian fubdbjes Egypt , and in it AchUleus who called himfelfe Emperor,
whom hee condemnes to the wildc Beafts. Unwalls Alexandria , over-
throwcs Coptus and Ptolemais , and punifheth multitudes with perfeeucion or
death. ^
Maximinus Cafar is fent againft the Perfians, by whom hee firft was beaten.
Wherefore was harflily ufedby Diocletian^ when he came to meet him, for he
fuffered him in his purple robe to run before his chariot a mile or two. Ac laft
having recruited his army with old fouldicrs, marcheth through Armenia againft
the Parthians 5 falls fuddenly upon Narftts the the Pcrfian King, wounds him, and
drives him to the mountaines, and takes his wiles, children, Nobility, prifoners ;
aoand plunders his Palace andtreafure .• andif D/Wm^whadnot hindred him, he
had made Perfia a province. Yet the Romans got five countreys beyond Tigris,
Co that the pafling beyond the old bounds of Euphrates was nor alwayes unfor-
tunate to the Romans •• as the ancient Oracles foretold : becaufc though M.Craf.
fus^ valerian , and feme others mifcarriedj yet •Trajaft,odemtus^Carus^Prg»
httSy and this Maxijniims Galerius, had good fucceffc. Caratijius mvudcd Britain,
which he held 6 years,till he was traiteroufly killed by his Colleague Ale^us ^■whom
in 4 years fpace Confiantius by Afclefedat us captain of his Guard ,overthrcw, and
added Britain again to the Empire.
About this time the Marcomans and Carpi were conquered again 5 in the mean
30 while the city was well governed, for all oppreflions and wickednefle were fe-
vercly puniflied : the poore was provided for with corn , and ftipends were duly
paid. But Diocletian gave himfelf toexceffe in wearing cloth of gold, in treading
S) upon filk and purple carpets, befet with pretious ftones. In caufing himfelfe to be
called God, and to be adored after the manner of Cd/;j-a/4jandI><?«?/>/'W. So ^^r-
culeiis gave himfelf over to alllicentioufiiefle , being a manof as ftern a counte- . - -r 2^
nance as conditions. Thefe Emperors triumphed at Rome, where the wives,fifters, ^ 1 282"'
and children of king Narfns were led before the chzxiOt^Confiantius in \GalliA Bel- ' ^ *
gica did then wage war againft the Alcm3ns,w ho after he had by them been driven
into the town, where he was taken up by ropes over the wall,(the gates of Lingon
4C>or Cangrefle being (hut) killed 5 houres after, when his army was come, about
40000 Alcmans.
The Empire flouriflied all this while, Rome, Carthage, Milan, and Nicome-^.C.sotf.
diawere fenced with new wals 5 and the barbarous Nations feared the Romans*
But Diocletian aboutthe 19 year of his reign with Maximianus,hsgSinto rage a-
gainft the Chriftians, beginning firft with the fouldiers whom they cafheered, and
Tome they flew. Then publick edidts are made for pulling downe the Chriftian
churches, for burning their Bibles ; for degrading of fuch as were in honour,and
ififlaving fuch as were free. All Bifhops and Paftors of Churches , who would
not deny Chrift, or offer incenfc to Idols, were commanded to be flain.Then pro-
50mifcuoufly the fword raged againft all forts of Chriftians. More cruell were thefe
men,then the wilde beafts, who oftentimes fparedthofe, whom they murthered
- with all kind of tortures, which malice could device. Cofmus and Damianus^f-
tcr all forts of torments, at laft were beheaded with three more of their brethren.
Sebajiianus a Commander in the army,was firft wounded with many arrowcs, af-
terward recovering was whipt to death. None were fuffered to draw water, nor
grinde their corn, till they had offered incenfc to the Idol. Pope C4/«j fuffered
Martyrdome, fo did that Noble Roman G<»^/>w, with his daughter Sufanna. A
H 2 whole
^6 The feconif art of the Book. 2,.
'Jft.MundLv^hok Legion of Chriftians after two decimations, were all at laftcutoffby the
N-.<J'''>/"'^«J command of Maxmia/ius. So were the two Captaines, Cerion and Vi5for with
their Troopes. Mnrcellus the Centurion with his 1 2 Ibnnes were martyred • and
fo vjtx&Zenoche Tribune with all his (ouldiers ; with many other brave men and
women,In a church of Bithynia, on the day of Chrifts Nativity were burned mul-
titudes of people. In one month there dyed 17000 Martyrs. In Egypt there dyed
by Martyrdome i440ooin ten years fpace, befidcs 70000 banillied. No lefle
cruelty was ufcd in Africa, againfl: thofe who would not be 7radttores ^ that is
would not deliver up their Bibles to be burned. In France among many other
Martyrs, r/J?(?r/>Ki Bilhop of Poytiers fuffered. In Spain Vincentius tlic Dea- 10
con. ofius Bifliop of Corduba, and many more ; Agnes,EucratiSyX.\\t two EitUU,
with divers other Virgins fliewed more then humane courage 'in fufferingun*
fpcakable tortures •, whereas Pope Marcellinus fainted as Peter did before
him.
4174. Diocletran and Maximiams being fatiated with innocent bloud , tortured with
A. C. 304.^i^^'^^^55 ^""^ anevillconlcience , fell madde, and foboth in one day refignedup
their Empire, being content to live privately*, D/ Of /f?/rf;7 was then at Nicomedia,
Bercttleusox Millain. This betook him fc If into Lucania, the other to his native foil
at Salona;. Both raging, that they could not with all their cruelty fupprcfTe the re -
ligon and name of Chriftianity. Diocletian poyfoned or flabbed himfelf, being ^8 ao
years old. iW4Ar/»?w;?»jdyedofaloathfomeand torturing difeafc in his bowels in
the 68 year alfo of his age.
Cofijiafjtius Chlorus, znd Galertus M4ximinus, are declared Emperors. Con-
jiamius was favourable to the Chriftians, a Prince of an excellent temper, who
cared not for wealth , holding himfclfe fufficicntly rich , if his fubjeds were
rich.When Diocletian upbraided him for his poverty,he prefently gathered great
ftore of wealth,which having (hewed, he reftored again to the right owners. He was
the fon o^EntropusyZ noble Roman,and o{ Claudia daughter oi Claudius Augujlus.
Though Italy, Afnck,Ga'llia,Germany & Britain were villotted to him for his iliarc
of the Empircj yet he contented himfelf with Gallia alone 5 which hec ruled with 50
good laws and moderation.
Gd/f r/w was a good fouldier, andah3ndfomeman,borninDacia, of mean pa-
rentage, for hisfather wasahusbandman,andhe himfclfe a Cow-heard, whence
he was czWcd Armentarius, Hee gave out that his mother had begot him of a
Dragon, as olywpia did Alexander^ He was indeed a Dragon to the Chriftians*
for Lis pcpfecution was thebloudieft of all, to prevent which, multitudes of peo-
ple fled to defart places and rocks. Ui-yanui prefident of Paleftina put Affiamis
and £<^<«//«f his brother with many others to cruell deaths. But he himfelf was by
Maximinus^ (whofe cruell commands he fo readily obeyed) fentenced to death.
But Firmilianusvjoxk then he, raged over dead carcafTes, denying them buriall54o
which inhumanity the very Gentiles abhorred,when they faw wildc beallsand birds
carrying away menslimbes. When the friends of jP4w^;&?/»j faw, that his body
and 1 2 others lay four daycs in the ftreets untouched by any bcafl, took the bold-
nefTe to bury them. And Firmiliamts fhortly after fheathed the fame fword in
his own bowels, which he unflieathed againft Chriftians 5 fo fierce was this Draf»Oii
againft all that profcffcd Chrift, within his Dominions of Paleftina, Egypt, Syria,
Mefapotamia, PontuSjCappadociajand Bithyniajthat he burned a whole townc of
Chriftians at one time.The Governour of Provinces proffering rewards to thofc
that fhould find out new tortures.
About the §. year of this bloudy Tragedy, both Judges and Torturers began to 50
grow weary of ading, for they perceived that Chriftians ran as cheerfully to Mar-
tyrdome , as the Romans did to a May-game. 1 herefore the tyrants fearing that
their cities would be left defolate, were contented to put out onely one eye , and
to breakoneoftheconfefTorsthishs, and to condemne theai to work in mines.
Many Bifbops and Presbyters fuffered martyrdome in thefe times. But Confian-
ttus was a friend to the Chriftians, who did not iuffer under him , but in the two
years of DmUmn and Maxmianus. One day ConFiamins would try the flnce-
rity
(5hap. 7« Hifior^ofthelVorU; ^1 ^
rity ot his CoiUtiers,com!Tianding all that did worlliipCbrift, either to renounce y^k Mnnii
him,or foitake his Court ; many went, many ftayed.- thofc he recalled, thefe he ex- \jrsr\U^
pelled, iliswing that they who were not faithfiill to their God, could nDt b: Faith'
fullto him that was but a man.
jif^x/W«w having alfp obtained the Government ofltaly, appoints two Ce/^/rj.
Severusior Italy, and ii/^ix/w/^w his fiftersfon for the Eaft, both being Illyrians.
He keptC(?;?/to//>cbyhimasanhoftage,under pretence of religion. For heefavv
in him though a childe, more then a manly fpirit. Therefore he indeavoured to ex-
pofe him to danger, fomccimes wilhing him to fight with Ibme barbarian, or with
ioa Lion. But he perceiving his hfe aimed at,flcd,and to retard the purfucrs,' killed all
the Poit-horfes that hee found in the way .• and fo came fafeto Britain where
hec found his aged Father fickly, who dyed not long ihcr at Yorke
rhe 1 3 yearc of his reign, the 6^ of his life. Hee was deified by the Ro-
mans.
The Pr^torlanfouldiersat Rome being bribed, declare JV/<j,v<f;;//«j the fon of
jjerciileus Emperor. Upon this . Hennlefis mikes hafte for Rome, hoping to bee
re-inveftcdin the Empire, which he.unwillingly loft 5 to that purpofe writes let-
ters to Diocletian^ that he would reaflumc again his command and dignity, who
rctutnes this anfwer, that he found more pleafure in planting his pot-hearbs ' then
^^ever he did in ruling over the Romans. But SeverusC^fir is Cent by GaUrlus to
Rome, to appeafe the Pr^torians, and Maxentms, He lits downe with his army
before the city : but his fouldiers forfake him, and join with Maxentitis. Severus
betakes himfclf to Ravenna: but Maximams cunningly inticed him to come
forth , whom he carries to Rome, where he is put to death. After this Maximi-
ams In a full affembly went about to difcover hisfonncs nakcdneffe , and to fliew
how weake he was, and. unfit for Government ; but for his labour he was
railed at by the fouldiers.Thcnc'e he went to Gallia toConftantine^ to whom hee
Jiad given his daughter J'^«/?4 in marriage-, pretending that heewas banifhed
by his fonne 5 and that hee was defirous to live with Confiantine -, but in-
30 deed his intent was to kill him. which his daughter FattFU perceived, and
acquainted her husband with it. Whereupon hee flies to Maflilia , intend-
ing to faile to his fonne, but by the comnrand ot his fonnc in law hee
was there ftrangled , yet others thinkc, hee dyed of a loathfome difeafe, as I
fhewed before.
About this time Z/f/>w the Dacian was made Emperor by Galerius, who dy- 4. 2 80* -
ed fliortly after, having reigned Emperor 15 years. For having leh Licinias toj C 5iV
rule the lUyrians and Thracians , hec went to Rome to fupprcfTe Maxemius . ' '
but finding himftrongly maintained, by the fouldiers, whom he bribed, and
fearing his own fouldiers would be bribed to betray him, departed out of Italy,
40 and fliortly after died of an iincurable wound, his genitals being putrefied and
his whole body eat up with Vermine. Heewas told by hisPhyfitians (many of
whom he killed out ofimpatience of his paines) that his difeafe was incurable -•
he finding himfelfe checkt in confciencc for murthering fo many Chriftians re-
pealed his edids againfl them, fet them all at liberty, and recommended himfel£
to their prayers, and fo dyed. About thefe times Pope Marcellinns^ Serem Dio-
cletiansviik, S. Catharine^ £«fw««i who was the feventh that turned the Bible
into Greek,and many more fufferedmartyrdomc. In the Councell of Rome cou-
fifting of 3ooBifhops. Marcellinus condtraned himfelfe for offering incenfe to
Idols. Do»4f«jtheNumidianflorming that Cacilianusy/zs preferred to him in
50 the Bifhoprickof Carthage,broached his fchifm, which in a fhort time became art
herefe.' heobjedtedagainfl Crf«//4»«j, that he was one of them who delivered up
the Bible to he burned, but he was abfolved by Cotifimtine. TheofhilHs was made
the firftbifhop of the Goths*
H 3 chap;
Aft.Mandi
^8 ~^ ThefecondPanofthe Boo k. 2.
Chap. VIII.
of the Roman affaires under Conftantinc, MaxentiuS, Maxirainus, andlLicm-
us. 2. of the Chrifiian ferfecutiens^ and forraign affaires t, durwg that
time,
COnflantine was the fonne of Conftantim Chlorus^ and Helem,nox. a Bithy-
nianas fome think, but a Britain, he with Maxentius^Licmius^ and Maxi-
minus ruled the Empire. Alexander who had then a command in Afric, jo
would have been a fift Emperor, he was a Pflnnonian, and of mean parentage^but
JLufifs Folufianjfis being knt by Af4xe«//«j did quickly fuppreflc him. So Africa
was now expofed to the fury of Maxentitis who raged in Carthage, and all about
with fire and fword. At firft he fliewed fome favour to Chriftians , but being
confirmed in his Empire, he perfecuted them with as great fury, as ever did his
predeceffors. Neither Virgins nor Matrons could efcape the fury of his luft, but
fuch as fled, or dyed. He abufed many noble womcn,and then fcnt them back to
their husbands. He ll:udyed magick,and to that purpofe he cut up the bowels of di-
vers children,and ripr up the bellies of many mothers^
After the Eaft had relied a while from perfecution, upon the recantation of 3 o
Callerius his (uccd^o^^Maximinus fell with frefli fury on the Chriftians, imputing
to them all the miferies that had fallen on the Empire-, and recriminating them
with pollutions and abominations whereof they were no way guilty •, he com-
mands all the Idol Temples to be repaired , tneir facrifices renewed, and the
Chriftian religion to be quite banifticd. But by Divine Juftice itcaftie topaflc,
that plagues, tamine, and unufuall difeafes never raged in the world fo much as
now, that Chriftians are perfecuted, who notwithftanding the miferies they indu-
red did fliew the fruites of their Religion, by burying the dead bodies of their
enemies, which lay fcattered up and down the ftreets.But the Armenians by force
of armes compelled Maxentius to permit them the free exercife of Chriftian re- 30
ligion. After this Maxentius cxercifed hfs cruel! and barbarous nature againli the
Nobility of Rome and Italy,which Conflamine underftanding,refolves to cafe the
Empire of fuch a tyrant. Wherefore having quieted Gallia, to make himfelf the
ftronger, he marryeth his fifter to Licinius ^ Diocletian was invited by thcfe two
Emperors to the wedding •, but he cxcufed himfelf by reafon of bis age and weak-
nefle. Upon this denyall he receivcth menacing letters, ftiewing that he favoured
Maximinus and Maxentius^ whereupon he fearing fome difgracefuU death, poy-
foned himfelf, as was faid.He was an ambitious and proud man,as may be fccn by
aflumingtohimfelfDivinehonors, and by changing the ancient computation of
years, caufing the accompt begin from the firft year of his reign, this was called 40
%/Era Dtocletianijind continued 248 yeares, Yet hee was a fearfull man , chiefly
of thunder and lightning , with which notwithftanding his Palace was fet on
fire.
Conflamim haftneth to Rome, the noife of whofe approach affrighted Maxtn-
tius.Yct an Army is fent to retard Conflantwes march,at Verona the two Armies
meet : Maxentius loft the day ^ who was little troubled, either at the lofs of his
Army, or the difafter of his father 5 at laft with much adoe, he ventures with a
frcfli Army againft Cenfiantine^ 5? miles from the City, who obtaines a fccond
vi«5tory-, i»/rfAr;»/w flying back to Rome, and entring upon a bridge of boates,
over the river, his horfc ftumbled,and he fell intothe water, where he was drown- jq
ed with the weight of his armour, and fcarfe could his body be found in the mud.
The fame fate befell liis guard and Courtiers. Thus dyed he in the <5. year of his
reign. His Armieconfiftcd of 170000 Foot, and 18000 Horfc, whereas Con-
/<«»//»« were not half fo many. The report of this overthrow was not at firfl
Dclecved in the City, till Maxentius his head was brought in upon a pole ; then
there was great joy 5 for both Senators and people were delivered from the maf-
iacre intended by the Prartorian Cuard upon them ; which murther was plotted
by
Ch a p. 8. Hiftory of the World. 79
by Af4xw//'«j,and (hould have been executed by his fouldiers, \yh.om Con^Anii^iAnTMuridi
for this put to the fwoid, and delboyed their fortifications. \y'''V\j
Whilcft Co}tJiAntme was in doubt whether he Ibould go againft M'txcntius or not
there appeared to him aboiit noon,thc fign of the Grofle in the air, and on it thefe'
words ingraven,/« this thou Jhil overcome:\vh.ich fign the next night Chrift himfelf
confirmed by his own prefcnce to Conjlantine^ bidding him make ule of this fio^n
againft his enemy. Upon this viftory edids are fent abroad for the fiee exercilc
of Chriftian religion.iV/4Ar/>»^?^ in the eaft hearing of his fellow tyrants death out
of fear defiftcd from perfecting of the Chriftians, yet he did not permit their af-
jo femblies.But Ltctnim in a fliort time delivered thcChurch from this oppre(ror-,for
underftanding that his fouldiers had forfaken him ^ he purfues him from Illyricum
to Thracia,and from thence to Cilicia,wherc he fliuts him up withinTharfus^tliere
he dyed the third year of his reign, of a loathfome difcafe ^ in which hee loft his
fight, and his body ftunk like a dead carkaffc, before hee was dead. Thus the
Church Js frcedoffeven tyrants, to wit, DtochtiAn^MAximiaKm^ Galenm Max-
imintts^ Maxentius^ Valerius Maximtnm^ Stverus^ Gderius his Colleague , and
Alexander tyrant of Africa, there remaincs only LicimAs with his Colleagues-,but
not long.
Licimus giving too much heed to Magicians and Soothfayers, began firft to in-
2©hibit the meeting of Bifliops 5 then prohibited women to come to Church j
commanding them to be inftruded at home by thofe of their own fex, (hortly af-
ter he ftiuts up all the Churches, cafheers all Chriftians in his Armies,and banifti-
cth them from his Court. At laft he cmbrewed his fword with the bloud of Bi-
fliops. He overthrew the Church Amafena in Pontus, and cut fome Confcffors in
peeceSjthcn flung them into the Sea.He hated learning,and fcholars, chiefly Law-
yers and Philofophers, calling letters the poyfon and plague of the State. He was
friendly to none, except to husbandmen , from whom he defcended, and footh-
faj«ers, who foothed him up with promifcs of great h:^pinefle.Yct this was com-
mendable in him, that he kept the fouldiers in good order •, that he hated catamites
joand flatterers, calling them the rats and riaoths of the Palace. Many Chriftians fled
to C^?;?/?^^^/^?, who both maintained Chriftianity and learning, being afcholar
himfelfe. He abolifhed the punifhment of crucifixion, and breaking of legs. He
fupprefled all oppreflion and tyranny 5 he wrote kindc letters to Licimus^
defiring hiin to bee favourable to Chriftians, according to the league made be-
tween them : he was proudly anfwered,that he had no reafon to meddle with his
jpart of the Empire. Whereupon Conftantine with his fon Crtfpns^ marched a-
gainftZ-z^/wW in Thracia, where neerOdrifra,fince called Adrianopolis, he de-
feated him-, from thence X;f/w«j flyes to Bythinia in Afia, andraifetha new ar-
ttiy, which C<>;?/?4»//»r overthrew by the power of Chrift, the reprefentation of
40 whofe Croffe he carryed ftill in his Banners, and on his Coin.
Xw>;/*/ fends liis wikCc^faHtinesMcr to procure his pardon, which was
granted, conditionally, that he (hould live privately with his wife at Thcffalo'
nica. But Fa/e»s whom Licmus had chofen for his Colleague , was put to
death by Cenfiantinei Zefmus wmes^ that Cmjla»tj»e not only pardoned^ but
alfo received him again as Co-Emperor, and named his fonne LkinUnus fel-
low C</jr, and fucceflbxir with his owne fonnes Criffus and confiantine. But fix ^
yeares after, this peace was broken, and Licmius driven out of Thracia into
Chalcedon, where hechofe mrnniams for his C4*r. And as ^w/f^/wj writes,
they were both overthrown by Confiantine^ who having received his imperi-
50 all robe fent by his wife, pardoned him again, and fent him to Thclfalonicaj
whereupon new commotions raifed by him and his Colleague Mdrtinianus^
they were both put to death. Licinius reigned about 15 years, and hvcdalmoft
60. About thcfc times the Chriftiaft Religion was much propagated through
Scotland, by meancs of the Britaines who fted thither to avoid the fury of ^z/-
clctiM. But Chriftianity wasimbracedin Scotland above loo yeares afore this,
by DonaUus their firft Chriftian King, in the year of Chrift ipp.about the tunc
»hat ^evems came over to JSritaine, to fupprefle the Scots andPidls^ which had
"^ Thefecond Part oftk Book^;
T^tw^made divers incurlions upon the Roman Tenirories there, and had committed
A'--^^ orcat (laughter upon thehi. For which caufe he was forced to build a wall and torti^
^^-^- Scations to keep out thefe Northern Biitaines, a people free,and no ways difpolcd
to receive the Roman yoak.
The third Book
OF THE
SECOND PART,
INTREATtNG
Of thetimes fwmC ONSTANTINE theGreat;
till C HARLES the Great, containing 476 Yearcs*
Chap* L
The life^ aciions and death of Conftantine the Great. 2. The hifior^ of his four
fonnes. 3 .The affaires of the Church nnder thefe Emferors.
. 2 g £ IB^S^S^: 1^ H E Church hitherto Militant,begins now to be Triumphant,'
A,C, ^2±^ 4^1^ ^W^ which being delivered from a longer captivity, then that of
T-» Jo&^K. t:MM^ Babel, is fetled by a greater Captain then ^^iirc^^j^f/ 5 Co»- ^q
flantine the great Eagle carries this woman upon his two
wings into the wildernefle,or ftate of reft and fecurity. Now
Religion lifteth up her head, the Temples are opened for the
true God, at whofe prefence Idolatry like Dagon falls to
liops and Dodors,chiefly thofethat fuffered are liighly rewarded;
controverfies are filencedj therefore C<?/?/?^»//»f gives jorder for calling of
Councels, nnd will himfelfe hear the difference between Cactlian and Donattts^
by his Deputies who abfolve C^cilian and condemne the turbulent fpirit of Do-
natiis^ and his fed. Cossjlantine compelled no man to embrace Chriftianity 5 yet
fuffered none to commit Idolatry : he would have Chrift to be profeffed freely 5 .^
not by conftraiiit. He will not ufe that bloudy courfe againft Pagans which they
ufed againft Chriftians. Furious reformers of Religion, are the fticceflbrs of Di-
eclettafi^ not of Conftantim. But this fair day of the Churches peace was quickly
overcaft by the black cloud of Arianifme, wliich like a fparkle being kindled at
Alexandria by Arius Presbyter , there did fpread it felfe foon after into a flame
through Egypt, Lybia, and the reft of the world. The Emperour willing to
quench this fire betimes, fends ofius Bifliop of Corduba, with letters , ;, defiring
'^2 9^' them to fiudy wore piety ^ and k^ecorttroverfe^ lefi they beco/ne a mocking (lock to
Jii.C.325 • ^he Infdels.Bm feeing he could not thus prevail,he cals a Councell at Nieea in Bi-
thyniaof3i8 Bifliops, befides innumerable Presbyters and Deacons." SylveJler^Q
the Pope by rcafon of his age could not be there, but fent his Deputies. Co}fjia?t' T
tine fitting down in his gilded Throne, exhorted them, to decide the controver-
iie by Scripture, and to lay afide all emulation and ftrife. In the end Arius is con-
demned and banifiied 5 and the cternall confubftantiality of the Son of God with
•his Father is confirmed. The controverfie alio about Eafter is abolilhcd, and it
is commanded to be kept, the firft funday ftill, after the Equinodiall full Moon,
and not with the Jewes, the 14 day of the Moon. All other controverfies between
the
Ch a p. I. Hifiory of the World, 8 1
the Bifiiops he ended by flinging the papers in the fire. He commanded the Lords Afi'Mimdi
day tobcoblervcd, he put downe the Gladiators^ and would not fuiFer any Chri- \_^/^/-\^
ftianto be flave to a Jew. He did not permitthe Governoursof Provinces to in-
fringe the Biiliops Decrees and Canonr. He caufcd the Church goods to be rc-
flored, which were held by the ciry, and many othercxcelJenr laws he made in fa-
vour of Teftators, Orphans, and Virgins. He alwayes heard Sermons Handing,
acknowledging thereby whar reverence was due to Gods Word.
After the overthrow of Arius^ CoMJimtine celebrates the 20 yeare of his reigne,
and entertaines the Bifhops with a great Feaft, on whom he beflowed gifts. Hee
lokifTed the kavs of PaphKutiiis Billiop of Thcbais, and of5/'/W«/o;^b!fliop of Cy-
prus, calling them hle(jed that were wounded for Chrifi. It was this Faphnutius
that flood up in the Cpuncellin defence of the marryedCiergy. Confiantine re-
proved Acefius bifhop of the Novatians, for denying the Communion to thofe
that had fallen, and wiflied him to fet up a ladder^ andilimhe up hiwfelfe alo>}e to
heaven. Butthe Ariansdid not ceafe to fpew out theif malice agamff the Or-
thodox, by falfe accufations, whereas other wayes they could nor hurt them. In
the mean time Confiarnine gives order to pull down the chappell of Venm^ buik
over the Holy Sepulchre, and in lieu thereof to erc(^ a Temple to our Saviour;
and a town, which he called newjerufalcm. His mother //f/f;?'j built churches in
20 the places of Chrifts Nativity and Afcenfion. Shee fearched and found the Holy
Croire,by which miracles were wrought. At lafl having done much gcod,flie dyed
being 80 years old.
Crifpfts vidihCenfiamines eldeftfon, who being falfely accufedbyhis ftcpmo-
ther F&uHa, that he would have raviihedher, is by his Fathers command put to
death, and flie afterward being found guilty of this murthcr, is killed in afcalding
bath. Hee caufed alfo Licimtnus hisfiflersfontobeflam. Then he repaires and
beautifies Byzantium, and cals it froin his own name Conjiaritinople^ and having
#tranflated thither many Noble Families,and wealth from Rome,and cre6ed mag-
nificent buildings and Temples there, it was called new Rome : he buildes again
30 the wals which by ^ca/^raj 150 yeares before were thrown down-, and gives the
fame priviledgcs to new Rome, which old Rome had. This he did in hatred to
Romcs greatnefle and Idolatry-, andbecaufe this city lay fit for the fupprcifing
the Goths, and Sarmatians -• but it was impolitickly done to weaken the old
feat of the Empire, and Italy which lay fo fit for Dominion, He adorned alfo Ni-
comedi3j Hebron, and Antiochia and other places. Fie caufed Idolatry to be fup-
prcfled, and Idols to be thrown downe, and hereticall conventicles to be aboliflied:
hee fubdued the Scythians and made them tributaries, and likewife the Sauro-
matx or Sarmatians, Indians, Ethiopians, and Perfians honour him with pre-
fents. Hormifdas the Perfian king fled to him for aid. He upon fpleen of his No-
4obility was pot by his right,being the cldeft fon,and caft in chains ^ the younger bro-
ther was made king : but Hormfdas wife delivered him,by fending him a fiih,and
in it a file, wherewith he filed off his fetters, and in the clothes of an Eunuch pafTcd
unknown through the drunken guard -, and fo got to Armenia,and from thence had
a convoy to Conpntine : who had fent to Sapores the old perfian King to furceafc
pctfecuting the chriflians,as he did-,upon the inftigation of Jews and Magitians, he
killed above 16000 Chriftians.
Cenfimirie in his latter dayes began to waver, for the Arian faftion wrought
upon his filler Confiantia^ the wife of Licimus, and fheupon him,ro recall ^n»j
from baniflimenr, Eufebim alfo bifhop of Nicomedia, with other Arians falfly
joaccufed Athamftus fudteffour to .i/^xW^r in Alexandria, and in a counceU held
at Tyrus condemned him, with Bufiachius bifliop of Antioch, whom they falfly
accufcdof adultery. Athamftus is banifhed to Treviri, but by a Synod of 80 bi-
fheps in Egypt, he is abfolvcd from the Arians unjuft fcntence, who condemned
him foramagitian: but y4rw having fraudalently fubfcribed and fworne to the
Niccan creedT having another under his arm, was received by the Emperor , and ^
order given to ^/^xWer bifhop of Conftantinople to receive him pubhckly in-4305.
to the church there, feeing the Alexandrians rctufcd to communicate with him .• A. C. 53^.
82 ThefecondPart ofthe Book. 2.
Jk. Mmdthuz the next day as Anus was going in pomp towards the church,he ftcpt afide to
V/^^-V/cafe himfelf,andinthepiivy,hiss;urs and foul went together. He dyed belike of a
rupture •, this was it that Alexander in his prayers did fo carncftly defire the night
before.
Confiantine had three Tonnes befidcs Criffus whom the ftcpmother Taiijla the
daughter ot Maxentius mwxthcxcd, that her own fonnes might fucceed-, the el-
deft Confiitntinnswz'i mzdt\Cafar the lo year of his Fathers reigne^ Comtans
the fecond fon in the 20 year, and Confimtins thcyoungeft in the 30. In lieu
of Crif^us unjuftly (lain, and much lamented by Helena his Grandmothcj-, and the
whole ciry. The good old Emperor having celebrated the marriage of his fonne 10
4307. Censiamms, and anfwered the EmbafTadours of India and Iberia,as he was going
A.C.f^'j. againft the Perfians, and was baptized in the Suburbs of Nicomedia, departed
this life the 63 of his agc,and the 3 1 years of his Empirc.His death was foretold by
a comer, his body was interred with great folemnity in the Apoftles Church
which hcbuilt atConftantinople. He was much lamented by the Romans, fuch
was his piety that he taught his armies to pray, and gave them a fet forme of his
own making. He caufcd his Image to be flampt on his coin, in the gcftureofone
kneeling and praying to Chrift : In his time Meletim billiop, for his mrifdemean-
ours was degradcd,and then out of fplcen became h\:\zn.ClodomerusYi\v\ooi the
Francs invaded Gallia,the two Feafls of exaltation and invention of the Crofle were 20
inftituted. The Irifli are converted by the preaching of St. P-^/w^. Chriftianity in-
creafeth in India, Iberia and Armenia.
ConUantine a little before liis death, upon the importunity -of the fouldicrs made
DalmatiHs his brothers fonne Cxfar alfo ; but by the fame fouldiers he was oppref-
fed, and fo the Empire was divided betwccne the three brothers. ConfiAntine the
cldeft had for his Ihare Spain, Gallia theAlpesand Britain, Confiam Cwhom
others call Conjlantius confounding the namcs)had Italy, Afric,Gr2Ecia,and Illyri-
cum. Confianttus or Confians obtained the Eafl. Conftamme having rcftorcd >^-ti
tbamfius, as his father had ordered , quarrelled with his brother about Italy and
4310. Af ric, and was overthrown by Cenjians his army 5 having received many wounds 30
j4. c. 340. as hee fell from his horfe nccr Aquilcja, and is flung into the river Alfe, the 3 year
of his reign, the 25 of his age. Couftms was at firft a valiant and juft Emperor,
but afrer growing gowty, he began lafcvious and cruell. Hcefubdued the Francs
oppreffing Gallia-- he maintained y/?/'4;94/?«j and the Nicean creed: but one day
as he was hunting, C^r<'///a/,ii/<«rff//;»«j and Magnentius^ confpire againft him,
and murtherhim. Ungratefull Magaentius forgot that onetime Conftms faved
his life, by cafting his robe over him, when the fouldicrs would have killed him.
432 o. CoKJians dyed the 1 3 year of his rcign,bc had been Cxjar 3 years before his fathers
■^,C. 3 50. death, he was 27 years old, fome fay 30. Magnentius made himfelfc Emperor of
the Eaft. Vetranius General! of the Illyrlan and Pannonian Forces, invaded the 40
Emprire on that fide, hmConftantms by an eloquent fpeech hee made to both
the armies ready to fight, made Vetranins lay down his command, the 10 month
after he had taken it up, and content himfelfe with a private life. At Rome Nefo-
tiams fifters fonne of Conftmtme the Great , having flaine > the Govcrnour
of the city is made Emperor in fuch a tumult, that the ftrcets rannc with
bloud , and all places were filled with dead bodies . The Perfians alfo invaded the
Empire.
Conftantim fiading how unable he was alone to manage the Empire, makes
C Alius his coufen German C^y^r, andmarryethto him 0;i«/m«?/»4 his fifter, who
had been marryed to Jnnibaliams Governour oi hxmtr\iii,Magnenuus alfo makes 50
his kinfmanDffw?/«j Cxfar^ beyond the Alpes. Thefe having many times skir-
miflied, at laft encountred with all their ftrength neer Murfia, where Magnentitts
the Gaul isdefeated, having loft 3^000 men, and C*»/w»f/«j joooo.This viiftory
was deer bought, for by the lolTe of fo many men, the ; Empire was much weak-
ned, fo that the barbarous Nations could not be kept our. Magmnms fled to
43"2 3. Lions, where he killed himfelfe with his own fword, the 4 yeare of his Empire ;
;/». C. 353. and about the 50 of his 3i°c. Decent tus hearing of his overthrow and death, ftrang-
led
Ch a p~ I. Hiftory of the World. ~~ 83"
ledhimfclf. Callus C£ far quieted the Jcwcswho would have made them a ntv^ An.Unndi
King •, he killed many thoufand of them^ and burned Cenirea,and Tiberias. This ^ys^'sj
Gaiius was of a fierce and bloudy difpofitiun •, fo was his wife. They caufcd many
innocent men to be murthered,upon falfc acqufations of mformers, llie thought flie
might doe any thing,bcing the Emperors fifter. But they both were invited by
flattering letters to come to CoMftantms. She feared her br(?thers cruelty,, yet ad-
ventured to fee him ; but having come to Bithynia, Hie fell fick of a Feaver and 4324.
dyed,G4////i was apprehended at Polaatownof I{lria,where he wasaccufed of all^. c. 254,
his cruelt ies^he laid the blame of al upon his wifc-,but there he was beheaded,the 4.
10 year of his tyranny.
Sih/itiKswas chofen in his room by Conftantius ; he was a Gaul by birth , but
of an afpiring nature, who aiming too high was killed by the fouldiers , witxhin
a month of his advancement. Conftamtm having now no Competitor , begins
to exercife his cruelty,acciifing many , as if guilty of plotting with Magnemtus
Galltts^ and i)/T'4;?fty againft him. He baniflicth alfo many Orthodox Biiliops.And
becaufe the Francs, Alemans, Saxohs,andQiJadi made irruptions upon Gallia,he
chofe Claudius J-ulianus the brother of G4//«^, and having lent for him from A-
thens, makes him C&far : and gave him command over the Tranfalpin coun-
tries, he fubdued the barbarous Nations thereabout ; and took king chonodoma-
jo^mprifoner: and regained the ancient bounds of the Empire. He took alfo pri-
foncr JS(«^o»/<jr/«j chief King of the Alemans. He defeated the Saxons and Qiia-
^v; upon this he is proclaimed Auguflushy the Army. Conftantius by Embaf-
fadours counfells ym to content himfelfc with the title of C^y<«r-, whoreplyes
that he will be no Infe officious and obedient, under the high title of Augafttts
then before. '
Conftantius overcame the Sarmatians, who had over run Illyricum,but having
tio fuccefle againft the Perfians , and underftanding that Julian was marching
againft him with an Army,out of impatience and long watchings, fell into a vio-
lent feaver and dyed,at Mefocrcne neer the foot of mount Taurus,having reigned
-Q 24 years^ 8 alone, 1 6 with his brother & Magnentita.Wt had fought 9 battels with
the Perfians, but with little fuccelfc : the laft was loft by the wilfulncflfe of his foul-
diers. He was a good archer, tempcratin dyet and fleep,a good fcholar y and one
that could indure hard labour. Not much given to venery,contenting himfelf with
his wives,chicfly Eufebta. Hee favoured the Arians, being induced thereto by the
fame Presbyter that wrought upon Great Cenftantines fiftcr.He was 41 years old
when he dyed^his genius that was wont to be cneerfull with him, a little before his
fickrielfe looked fad upon him.
In his time Athanafms was much vexed by the Ariaii Bi(hops,for returning to
his charge without Epifcopall approbation •, for bringing into the Church the
40 word Confiibftantiall not found in Scripture. He to avoid Conftantittshxs fury,
flies to Pope Julius at Rome •, in his abfence one George fits down in his chair
at Alexandria •. and Eufehitti at Antioch in a conventicle of 80 biihops, expels the
wordconjubftantiall-^and pofleffeth the chair of Conftantinople,which belonged to
Fanl^ the true bifhop. But after his death ?<?»/ is received again by thcCatho-
licks^ hm Macedontui is otdainedhy the Arians, and ratified by the Emperor.
v*6f<fnt Hermogenet with fome Forces to thruft owxPauL But the people killed
the captain, and burned downe his houfe. For this fedition the city is hncd.Paul
baniflied, and MacedoniusWiih. the loireof300o citizens gets up into the chair.
By the favour of C«i«/w»j and" Pope ^»//V«, Athanafius returnes to Alexandria;
50 and is banifhed the third time, being accufed for converting the Poors corn to
his own ufe. He flies toC(>»/i^4»(rf,-anddefiresafreeSynod. His fellow-fufferer
Faul , by the Arians malice perifhed in his exile : and Macedenius himfclfc,
who held the Holy Ghoft to be the fervant only of the Father, and the Sonne,
was fhortly expelled by the Arians", bccaufc he would not call the Son of God a
creature.
conftans calls a Synod of 300 Wefterns ,and 800 Eaftern Biihops at Sardica
in Thracia, in which Athanafms isabfolved by the Wefternbiftiops, and isa-
gain
§^ Tbefecond Part of the Book. 3.
. ji^«;;^;gain rcftorcd to his chargc,to the grict of the Eaftcrn Clcargy : hutCof^ftsmhc-
iyX/'Ving dead, Con[tant7usv^3.s much abufed by the Avian bilhops , chiefly by Va-
'" lens who prayed with Conftantiiis ^ whilcfl his Army was fighting with 3f.«^-
nentius^ and got himthcfiift newsofthc vidory ^ he with divers others, ftiU
waited on the Emperor, foliciiing himagai' ft the Catholicks; whom George
at Alexandria did eagerly perfecutc. Photnats billiop of Syrmium is condemned
by a Coimcell held there, forgiving Chrift no other begmning but from Marj,
i/£tms and his fcholar Eunomtus^ diflent in this from the Arians in denying
Chrift to be like his Father. A Synod is called by Conftamins at Millan in
which Pope Libertas^ HiUrttis bifliop of Poytures with divers others are baniflied lo
for notfubfcribingtothe unjuft lentenceagainft Athamfius. But the Arians dif-
fenting among thcmfelves,& with the Orthodox gave occafion of calling another
Synod at Anminum in Iialy of 4C0 biftiops. But there could be no reconciliati-
on. Whereupon a Synod IS called atScleucia, in which much digladiation there
was about the word '>'«"©■ or like-^ whether was meant the fimilitude of effete e
prof w///. But nothing could be agreed upon, wherefore the Arians fly to Con-
ftantinoplc, and forced many Orthodox bifliops to receive that fallacious Symbol,
which was compiled in the Synod of Seleucia, in which the word ufia^ or fub-
ftance was put out,and concluded that the Son was like the Father,and that he was
not a creature like other creatures : but fonie who refufed to fubfcribe were banifti- 20
ed. Hilarttis is fcnt back to France,as being found too hard a difputant for the ca-
fternbiOiops.
About this time AfelUmrU ftarts up, affirming that the Word aflumed the
flefli,but not the foul, or mindc, and that God was the mind dl: foul of the flefli af-
fuq;ied. Conjt.tnttHs was a great enemy to fuperftition 5 he punifticd all that con-
fulted with cunning men or witches. He removed out of the Forum^thc image of
Cyhele. Many Jewswereconvcrted to Chrift upon the fight of a fiery cro0e in
the air, reaching from Golgotha to Mount Olivet.
Chap. l\
of Julian, Jovinian, Valcntinian, and Valens. 2 . of the Churchy and forrAtgn
ajf'iires.
30
A 3 ? 1. T*J Lavlus Claudius^ ^ul/jms the fonne of Cefiftantius Conftantine the Greats
A'C^Bl' \^ brother, whofe mother was Baft Una a Noble Lady. In his youth he was bred
a Chriftian under the biftiop of Nicomedia, and for his pregnant wit and c-
loqucnce was made reader in the church'. He was ftudious and expert in the
Greek tongue. But being too familiar with Z-/^4»/«j the Sophifter , with^4w-^o
bltcus^ Maximtts, and other Philofophcrs, hec became a heathen , a magician, a
perfccutorof Chriftians, and a right Apoftate. He ufedto diffame great Con-
pantine^caWing him an innovator and difturber of the ancient lawes. He put none
to death for religion, but pretended other caufcs : hee fliut up all fchools of learn-
ing among Chriftians, knowing that learning was an enemy to Gcntilifm. He
opened the Idolatrous Temples, and commanded faerificcs there to be offered.
He ftampt upon his coin ^tiptter^ fctting the crown on his head-, Pallas putting
on his cloak , and Mercury giving him the fcepter. He robbed the church of
her revenues, telling the Clergy that they fliould be the fitter for heaven, becaufc
it is written, Blefedbe tbefoore.Ht fuffered no military honours to be conferred Jo
on Chriftians.' He writ invedives againft Cliriftian Religion,which Na:{/an:(e»
and Cyn/l refuted. He would not peunit Chriftian children to . learn Rhetorick,
fearing left they might vi'ound theGintiles with their own quils.Heincour^ed
the Jewes in hatred of Chriftianity, to fet up agam their owne State and religion,
promifing them great immunities and priviledgcs. Upon this the Jews began to
rebuild the Temple, but they were faine to give off by reafon of thunder ,
hailj firCj and earthquakes which deftroycd many thoufands of them. Where
ever
Chap. 2. H/floryofthe iVorlL Sy
ever they caft their eyes they law crofTes on their garments and tables 5 the A>j. Mundi
Delphic Temple alfo, was much about this time overtiirown with thunder and \.^^f^>>^
earthquakes, as Julian was fending thitherto know by the Oracle what luccelle
he fhould have againft the Perfians. It had been overthrown beFore and fpoiled
4 times , namely by the Phlegians, 2. by Xerxes his fouldiers. 3. by the Phoce fifes
4. by Brennmi, but ftitl it was rebuilt again -, by the overthrow of thefe two Tem-
ples Judaiiin, and GentUifm were deadly wounded.
It's recorded of ^«//4» (whom Athanafms cAIqA nclmd foen Vitnilhing)t\\3X.
. in privvitche put divers Chriftians to death for their religion : among the reft
10 Artemins Governour of Egypt, which made the Alexandl-ians f:ill f'unoufly up-
on G^^r^e their Arian Bifhop, andmurther him. This George had ufcd to in-
veigh bitterly againft them, to make fport with the skuls ot the murthered Ca-
tholicks 5 tricks fitter for a Turkifli turbant,thcn a Bilhops miter, ^^//.wthreat-
ned to revenge this murther of Gfor^^, but was taken off with fur words, and
the Perfianwar: which he was preparing for. Underftanding that '//^^i/^ could
utter no Oracle, becaufe the chriftians had bury cd forae of r heir Martyrs nc>;re
to hifflj he caufed their bodies and reliques to be removed , the people in che
interim finging that of the Pfalmift ; Cenfonnded bee all they that ivorpip
graven Images. At which ^^ttUan was vexed inwardly, but could not helpe
20 it, but vowed to facrifice the bloud of chriftians to his Gods, if he prevailed
againft the Perfians. About this time alio Afollo'% Temple at Rome was burned
down.
Sapores who was made King before he was born,24 years of age,made irrupti-
ons upon the Empire. ^Hiun with 65000 fouldiers tooke divers Forts and
Towns from the Perfian, and wafted all Afiyria. Having crofted the river Ti-
gris, he burnt his boats, as if he had conquered all : bufbeing brought into an
ambufli by a fugitive, where he was beict with famine and Perfian armies,was
fliot in the liver ^ by an unknown hand % he in a rage flinging the bloud of his
wound in the air, cries out, Thou haU ever come meeO Gdilean^ and fodycd
30 the 3 1 year of age, having reigned alone i year, 8 months, and 10 yeares with
Confianum. His wife was HeUna, great Conftantjns daughter, of whom hec had
no children, her Matrix being poylbnedby Eufchm the Enjprefl^e, I'o hee dyed
childl'eflc.jW^rabifliop of Chalcedon was blind, whom ^'^nlian mockingly told
him,that he could not have fo much as eyes from his Chrift. / thank chrtft for tt
{^[anhhc) for fo I (1)^11 not jeethee^ rvhoart the grent fUgueofthe ivoria. Atha^
wafus after the death of George was reftored againe to Alexandria -, but pre-
fcntly was forced to hide himfelf a while from 5P«//vi//s fury^ in which time
he compiled his excellent Symbol. l<la'^(in\en writes of Jnhan^ that he was
unflablc in his head, eyes , and feet ; at firft he exhorted them to agree a-
4omong themfelves, and not to trouble themfelves with points of Religion,
but to let every one enjoy his owne opinion. He rcftored to the Donatifts their
churches again.
^ov'tnim or ^^cx'w;^ fuccceded, he was chofen for his fathers fake Vnronianm ^4 3 3 3,^
Noble Pannonian, and who had done good fervice. 5^tfww4;^ was a good chri- ^. c*. 353,
ftian, a bountifuU Prince, and a handlome man. He was forced upon the ill fuc-
ccffe of 5^«/w« to make a dilhonourable peace with the Perfian, upon thefe arti-
cles. I . That five regions beyond Tigris with fome caftles fliould be furrender-
edto the Perfian. 2. That Nifibis and Singara, which the Romans held ever
fince MithYidates v^^^Ci\\\ ftiould be delivered to the Perfi.m. but not theinhabi-
50tants. 3. That the Romans ftiould not aid Arfkes Kins, oi" Armenia the greater
againft the Perfians^ this Article was hard, being this King was aivvaycs faith-
full to the Romans-, but they were forced to yecld, becaufe the Army was
much weakened with famine and war in that hoftile and barren countrey. Hee
would not take upon him the Empire, till the whole Army had declared them-
felves Chriftians, for many of them in Julians time had apoftatife J . He ihut up
al the Idol Temples agaiUjand reftored the true worOiip of God,\vith the cliurches
revenues, and r^/^wr/w/^w (who had been baniflied) to his former charge of the
I Army
36 ThefecondPartofthe Bo o k. 3.
j^,Mii/'d/ Army. Hereca'ledtheb.im(l-ied Biflwps, chiefly v^z-W/f/zw^ to whom he wrote
v,4ji''^/-«ifej for acopy ot rhatrruth in Religiopi which he was to follow. Upon this Athamftuj
cals a Synod at Alexandria,where the fum of the CathoLck Faith was compiled,
and fent to the Empcrour.
As the Emperor was returning from Perfia, the SeTtii- Arian Macedonian hc-
retickesmet him, crying out againfl: the Arians, and driving toinfinuate them-
felves into his favour, but he rejeded them, profcfllng that hec would give no
ear to contentions. AcaciusxiK^xtsxhrhv).^ Bifliopof Csefarca, who had been
a great ftickler for Arianifm, is now (but hypocritically) content to fubfcribe to
the Nici^an Creed in the Counccll of Antioch held by Melettas Bifliop there,who i o
was lately returned from exile : his example was followed by divers other Ari-
an biibops, more out of fear to the Emperour, then love to the truth, ^ovi-
niiin could abide no difputes in Religion, but advanced thofe who were mode-
rate and peaceable men. He dyed in Illyricum fuddcnly of a furfeit the 8 month
of his Empire, and of his age the 3 3 year. In his time VlphiUi theArian Bilbop
of the Goths foi:nd out the Gothic letters, and was the firft who turned the Bi-
. - 5 .^ ble into the Gothic tongue. He was interred neer to the Capitol, and his ob-
J, C.^GA'^^^^^^^ kept in Pannonia-, before his death a comet appeared, and the Libra; y at
Antioch was burned.
r'//e*Z'/^''^« the firft fuccecded, he had been Tribune of the fouldiers under 20
5f«/w2, whocaflieeredhim for ftriking a heathen Prieft, that befprinkled him
with Holy water in the Church porch , as Julian was facrificing to his Idol. But
Jovintan reftored him. He was a Pannonian born, his fathers name was GnttAn^
who was fo ftrong that five fouldiers could not with all their ftrength wring a
rope out of his hand, which he had then to i'ell. The Army urged V'llentnmn
tt) chioofe a confort-, one told him,that if he loved his kindred, he had a brother^ if
the State, he (hould feck out fome other. This Ipeech angered him-, butheefaid
nothing tiUhecametoConftantinople, and then pronounced Vakns Co-Em-
peror .- no man daring to oppofe him, they two depofed moft of J-tdims officers.
iibout this time the barbarous Nations on all fides invaded the Empire,the Pids -^
Saxones, i cots, and Attacots, (a Nation in the South of Scotland, or North of
England) fell upon the Britaines, the Pcrfians on Armenia, the Alemans on
Gallia, the Surmatians on Pannonia, the Goths on Thracia,and the Maurifci on
Africa. Upon this V'lUntiHian fets up his feat at Millan, VaUns at Conftantino-
p;e, where lie was infeded by Eitdoxiis the Arian bifhop, from thence he remo-
ved to Antioch, where he ca^ the Catholicks out of their churches. Petronitis
his Father in law did ib pole the people with extortions that they fet up one Pro.
cestui to be Emperor of Conftantinople, Armies arc raifed,and Bithynia is taken.
The Thracians and Goths are invited to fide with them. The pofthumc daughter
of ConftaKt us, the Emperor is carrycd about the Army,as if this new Emperor ^q
intended her good •• C7:(^}c^j is taken •, but when Frecopm fliould have fought
with Vahns^ his fouldiers forfook him,and he was brought to r^/(f;3i5, who gave
order hee fhould lofe his head, and be quratered-, many alfo of his fide fufiTered
with him : thus ended that civill broil.
At this time a great fchii'm was in Rome^about the eledion of the Pope Dama-
ftis and Vrficiar.Hs flriving for it •, the fad on was fo great, that many were killed-,
at laft Drfw/j/w carryed it. He was the firft that authorifed the Latin Verfion
before the Greek: but the Clergy retained their old Pfalmes-, he caufed the
Creed of Conftantinople to be lung in ftead of the Nicen. Luafer bifhop of Sar-
dinia brought a fchifm into the church, for refufing to admit thofe A nans into 50
the Pricfthood,who had renounced their errours. Amhrofe then tranflated from
the Greek into the Latin church the finging of hymnes and Anti-hymncs • he was
made bilbop,being Governourof Millan,for he being commanded by Vakntiman
to lupprcftc the fedition that was rifen about the eledion, he himfelfe was eleded
by the approbation of all.
4 3'5"7' After^ Vdei.um.m had fuppreffed the Alemans, and was recovered from a de-
^.C. 307, iperate fickncffe, lie named his young fonnc GmUnus Emperor: fo now are
three
C H A p. 2 . Hiflory of the IVorlL 87 -
three Empcrours. Hee began to be a rigorous punnifl-.er of every fmall offence y^«. Mundi
in the Army. He fupprefied the Scots and Pids incurfions upon the Britains: y.i^'^r^J
whom ftill they vexed in the Romans abfence. He fiibdued the iJ<«;z^e» the Ale-
man, and forafied the R.henc. J'aIci^js alfo fupprefied the Perfians, and killed their
King Jrpices. At Rome M^ix/w/wt/j rageth upon all forts 6f- people. OntTheo-
Aoriis at A ntioch foretold that the fourc firft letters of his name did belon^ to
■ (7r/?//'4»j fucceHbur, meaning Theodofii!s^hut\.h\%Theodorus with fome other Ma-
thematicians were burned, and divers Philofophers beheaded^ ^ ^tmb ( i ens ^oy(on-
cd himfeife. For ?'idens ralhly condemned all fuch learning, not difcranina-
lo ting between good and bad^ nocent and innocent. In the Weft Vdentiman did
fo oppreffe the people with taxes and tributes , that tHe Mauritanians rebelled
and made one i^/rww^ their Emperour, whom in divers battels T^^^Jiifpy?*^ defea-
ted.This Fnmtis flying to the neighbor king IgmA\iinss for help,but finding none,
killed himfelf. The Quadi alfo rebelled becaufe Garrifons were placed beyond Ift-
her, and Gahimns the king was llain by Cxdeftws Perca at a feaft trcacheroully,
therefore they fell upon Pannonia, and had almoft taken the daughter oiconftaa-
tius , who was going to be marry ed to Cratian^ if Mrfda Gbvernour of Panno-
nia had not by poft brought her back to SyrmiuiTii The Sarmatians alfo breaka
out, but they were fo beaten by Thcodofius then a young, man •, that they were for-
jocedtobeg for pardon and peace from rd/e';?f/«M», excufingthemfelves,thatthis
infurrcftion was not caufed by the Nobility,but by the countrey people, who were
angry at the new erefted G:iiXn{cn%,Fdem!tt'.M in a violent pafllon reproved them
for this frivolous excufe, and their ingratitude,and upon the vehement llirring of
hfs fpirit fell into a Fcaver5and within f(jw dayes dyed , having reigned about 1 5
years,and lived 55.
Vaicjninian had two wives, Severn the mother of G rattan^ and ^«y?/>4 mother
of r'i/<?^//»/'»» the fecond. This being as yet but 4 yeares old is made Emperor,
t)f that part, bythe Army which might be indangered without a head, leeing
,Valet3S z-nd Grwr/^^ were far off, and could not help them. So he is Emperor of
3 0 Italy, and Afric, and lUyricum. In the mean while the Hunnsan unknown peo-
ple beyond Mseotis towards the frozen Sea, having no feticd aboad,nor houfes,
norlands, but lived in waines, made a fudden incuriion upon the confines of
Ifthenfo that the Goths and Scythians implore r^/fwj for aid. He unwifely re-
ceives the^ barbarians within the Roman territories , who being pinched with
famine, m great multitudes paffe over the Danow, and enters Thracia with their
Armes, which they were commanded to dehver up, when they petitioned for
help : but A/<'Ar.7//»f and the other Roman Governours were carelefic.r4/^>«j was
forced to leave the Perfian war, and to aid Thracia, which was opprcffed bythe
Goths, to whofc affiftance there did flock all forts of difcontented pcrfons : be-r ■^'^c*'"^
40 fides as Gr<Jf/Vi^ was coming with an Army to aid his Uncle F^zAvxj, he \yasfet up-
on by the Aleman forces, but Gratian defeated and killed 40000 of them.r^/^»jr
unwilling that Griitian ihould have any (liare of his vidory, would not flay for his
affiftance, but ventured with his Army upon the Goths, Alans, and Himns , who
defeated him, and at lafl burned him in a cottage whither he had retired, to dreffc
his wound he received by an arrow. He lived almofl 50 yeares , and reigned a-
bout 14. This, next to that of Cannar, was the greatefl blow that ever the Rortians
had •, the Goths alfo loft aboundance of men,both in this battell, and in their ficgc
of Adrianapolis 5 hee was a cruel! and an illiterate prince, who could indurC
any religion except the Orthodox. Which againft his brothers will he perfecuted.
50 As he was fubfcribing an cdid for banilhing of Bafd out of C£efarea,"his arm waS
taken with fuch a fliaking,that he was forced to defift. He cruelly caufed to ht
burned in a lliip 80 Orthodox men, that were fent to petition for the free exercife
of their faith. About this time dyed Athamfiia^ having beene bifhop of Alexan-
dria 46 years. In the time oiCo/ifiantitts he hid himfeife 6 years in a dark cave ,' .
where he faw not the Sun all the time oi^tdiitn,\\t hid himfelf in Alexandria, un-
der V^lcns he lay hid 4 months in his fathers tomb. To him fucceeded Feter , but
becaufe he was Otthodox,r<i/fw thrufl him out-and fet up Lucim the Arian.
I z ^ CHAP.
Thejecond Part of the Bo o k. 3,
tkA^. ill;
0/ GratianuSj Thcodofius, ArcadiuS, HonoHus, <«»</Thcodofius theyoungeri
2. of the Goths^ VAnddUs^und other burlarom Nations. 3. The Church affatrv
cfthofe times.
45 49" ^^"^ Ratianm w^s born at Syrmium •, this was a learned and good Prince 5 who
J.C. ^jo.M after the death of Fale/js called home the baniflied Catholicks. He would
^N-Incither take the title nor habit of the High Prieft,as others ufcd to doc. He jq
was moderate in his fleep, diet, and delights. He permitted liberty of confciencc,
except to the Manichees, Eunomians and Photinians: he fcnt for TheodeftHs out of
Spain, and made him CO'Emperor,by whom he fubdued the Alans, Hunns, and
Goths, Nations not touched by Alexander-^ and he overthrew them at fuch atimc,
when the Roman army was almoft loft, and when the enemy had furniflied them-
fclves with the Roman horfe and arms. Cratim reigned with his Father Valemini-
435®' rf« 8 ycars,with his Uncle and brother threc,wirh the fame brother and Theedofiut
/l.C.^ 80. four, with thcfe and ytnadius 6 moncths.Theodefitts was baptized at Theflalonica,
and after his great viftory in Thracia which he fet frec,entrcd Conftantmoplc,
and was made Emperor. ^ ^
Fa! ens had placed in divers towns of Afia,the fons of the chief Barbarians to
be civilized and educated. Thefc undcrftanding of the great overthrow of thek
countrymen, rcfolved to facrffice to their Ghofts, thefc towns they dwelt in-, but
were prevented by ^altus who had the charge of them : for one day he affemblcd
them all togcthcr,asifhec meant to reward them, and fuddenly by the fouldiers
Jflidin ambufli, flew them. TAe<»<^(^«/ made much of the Pugitivcs, and mixed
them with his own fouldiers. He was a Prince endowed with as many vertues
as ever any , and nothing inferiour to Trajan his countryman, from whom he
derived his pedegree» but hec exceeded Trajan in being more temperate,
arw Icfle ambitious. His diet was fimplc, his apparellwas plaine like others; jg
his modefty was fuch, that hee forbid the marriage of coufin gerraans. He
was an enemy to all iafcivioufncffe, not fuffering women to play or fing at
Fcafts. He was learned, wife, diligent, fobcr ; a nattr of C/»»4, Maritts^ •^^^''s
and fuch like tyrants. He overthrew Idolatry , and eftabli(hed the tr^jc religion.
Gratian began to grow carclcffc , and to prefer the Alans before the Roman
fouldiers, fo tnat hee became hatefull 10 ihcm.MaxtmHs Theodofms his fellow fouj-
dicr, angry that no honour was conferred on him, in Britain made himfclf Em-
4 3 5 3* perour, then pafling over into France, Gratians fouldiers being angry with him,
A. Ci 383. entertained 3/4x/iw*/ for their Gencrall, who driving him to Lions, killed him,
having lived 28 yc.irs. He was a good Oratour, whofc Epiftlc to S.Ambrofe^.^
wherem hee prol-ieflcth the Nicen Faith is yet extant. In his time Audms in Sy- ^
ria, taught that God had a humane fhape •, Ws fcholars were called Audeani
and Anthrofomorfhites. To thefc were coctaneall the MefTalians, called Emhitts
&nd Endiufiafts, who bragged much of prayer,and of the Spirit, in the i nterim li-
ving an idle life. Frifalltanus then lived in Spain, who renewed the hercfieof
the Gnoftics, he with his followers were baniftied out of Spain, and in Gallia be-
ing brought before Maximus Emperoutjthere were puniflied with dcath.The Mcf-
falians or Euchites were called Valentwtam^^jccznk in his time they firft appeared.
Vfgilantius and ^eviniariHs hereticks affirmed, that all fins were cqyall. The Sa-
racens and Gothcs turn Chriftians, but withall, Arians. Theodffius calsaSy--jj
nod at Conftantinople,where Macedomus is condemned, and the Divinity of the
Holy Ghoft afleited.thcn was the title of Patriarch firft mentioned, and given to
the four chief Blfliops.
Cratia» being dead, Theodofius chofc his brother Valemiwan the fecond, yet a
child for his colleague. -J^w/w^ his mother fupplycdhis room, in his minority ^
jjie had a fair face, but a foul foul,infcacd with Arianifm. Shce would have ex-
pelled Amhrefe out of Millan, but he refiiled the fouldiers thar were fcnt into the
Church
Chap. 3- Hiftory of the World.
Church to apprehend him, faying the Church was Gods Houfe, not tht "Em^pt- Afj. Mitn.'ii
rors. Mtiximu. who had the charge of Britain, GaUia, and Germany, not con- \y\'\J
tent with this lliare aimed at r<//f////»/rfw alio, wherefore having paft theAlpes,
he drove rj/^»r/«/</« out of Italy, whofledtoT^f6'c/fl/«.f for help, the rather be-
caufe he had new marryed wixhCalla^ the daughter of old r^i'/^z/r^ffw^ and -^//y?/-
na 5 for he had buryed his former wife PUcilla mother to Arcadius already created
Auj^ujhfs^and his brother HonomisMs. refolves therefore by reafon of this affinity
with Falentiyiian^znd the juftnefTe of this caufe,to aifift him. Andr'tg-ith-us GeneraJl
of Max'imtis his Forces, had fortified the paflages of the Alpes , but hearing of
10 Theodcfius his preparation , forfakes the Alpes, and by a naval expedition , in-
tends to prevent the enemy •, T/ytf^^/o/?//^ unexpcdedly palferh the Alpes now o~
pen, fallcth upon Aquileja, where i^i^A:;»2«i thought hunfelfe fccure, takes him,
and kills him. Andr^g&thius hearing that Maximus was flain,flings himielf over-
board into the Sea. So Valentimm recovered Italy and his Empire, and by the
perfwafionof Theoiofiusvx^x2.iizi\\ the Catholick Faith. Theodolius'm\i\'iv\Sto-
ry (hewed great clemency in Iparing Symmachus and otliers of Miixitnus his
fadion. Victor Maximus his fonne Generall of the French Forces was now dead,
whereupon F'llentiKian repaires thither, and governed Gallia about 5 ycares.
TheedojiHs gocthtoRome, and there flruts up the Idol Temples , and reforipes
20 many abufes. Valentman atlaftby Eu^emus his Secretary, ^nd Ar bo gaji us xhc
Goth, Generall of his French Armies, was ftrangled at \ ienna ^ becaui'c hce
had caflieered Arbogajhts upon fufpicion of treafon. He told Fakntmiaff to his
Tacc, that hee received »o freferrKetttfrom hirn^ nor Ltd hee j>orver to cajheer hm^
and fo put himfelf out, and killed his Lord.
^ri'c»^.2/?Kj prefuming on the fouldicrs favour raifed a great Army, and de-
clares Eagemns Emperour, who unwillingly accepted it-, knowing hce fhould
bee Emperour but in Title. Thcfc two intended to re-eftabli(h Idolatry ; but
Theodojius hearing of thefe great preparations, betakes himfelfe to his prayers,
then marcheth with hisfmall army againftthe enemy, carrying the Croflc for
30 his ftandard. Arhetion with a part of the enemies Forces went over to him.In
the heatofthebattell, afuddenvvhirlewinde fell upon the enemy , and beat the
darts ?gainfl themfelves. Upon this the whole Army fubmitted to Theodo-
fitis^ for whom the Heavens did fight. Eugenius fell flat at the Emperors feet,
but was killed by the fouldiers. Atbogafius killed himfelfe . rheodefius returning
vi<5iorious to Rome, declares his fonW<>»m«j Emperor, and appoints Sttltco for
his Tutor. He perceiving how unwilling the Romans were to leave their old I^
dolarry, under which they had flouriflied i2coyeares, feifeth upon all the re-
venues that belonged to the Prieftsandtothe Idols, andfo Idolatry began to
diccay : and the poor in ftead of Idols were relieved : yet Gentilifm could not be as
40 yet q uite extirpated .
Wliileft Jhecdofius was at Millan in a popular tumult, at Theflalonica, r/^<?-
ricus the Govcrnour there was killed. Upon this the Emperor in anger fent thi-
ther fomeTroopes to revenge his death, thefe killed about 7000 men. Ambrefe '
Bifliop of Millan, hearing of this, debarred Theodoftus from the Communion ,
who publikely acknowledging his errour, Ihewed ferious repentance, and made a
a law that 30 dayes fliould intercede between the fentence and execution. For
rheodofws xhow^hzn excellent Prince, yet was oftentimes raftiand rigid in pu-
nifliing, as may bee feene in the Antiochians whom he caufed to bee plundered
and inflavcd , for breaking downe the flatue of FkcilU the EmpreflTe. Yet
50 was afteiward pacified by FlaiMmus the Bifliop, and fo hee was recon-
ciled to the Byzantines for pulling downe the Jewes Synagogues, and by
S. Ambrefe perfwaded to thruft them out of all Citres into the Suburbs. After
this good Prince had reigned 1 5 years, he dyed at Millan, the 50, others fay the
65 year ofhis age, and left the Empire to his two fons, his body was buryed at
Conftantinoplc.
The Goths not long before •Thtohfms chofe them a King, Alaricus by /^^ 6 $.
name, who pcrfccutcd the Chriftians. Afterward jje embraced Arianifm,m which A. C. ^^ 5
I 3 i^«
90
Tbefecond Fart of the Book. 3.
^^_ J^^^.J^;';the Gol!hs connnued 213 yeares. Theodojtns (ubdncd them ; tQ whom they fub-
»y^^r«^ mitted, but afterward chofe Alaruus for their king. The Htlvidians or Anti-
dicomarianits lived about thefetirrres •, then alfo ceaied the Olympiads, and the
Indiftionswereinftituted. //i/^^^risff^perfecutes the Chriftiansin Perfiia. Gregory
Na'^an^en furrendrcd for peace fake his BKboprick of Conftantinoplc , to whom
fucceedcd iVe^4r//« who aboliflied private conteffion, upon an abu (coffered by a
"Deacon to a Noble woman: aSynodwashcldatConftaminoplc, and another by
Damajiis ^tWov^Q.
After Theodofius^ Arcadius fucceeded in the Eaft, Honorins in the Weft. Thcfe
two were bred under Arfenim z^om'^u Deacon, whom T/'eci^y?*/ one day com- 10
ing into the fchoole reproved, for fufferin? his Tonnes to fit, whileft hee ftood
teaching them ; therefore he made them ftand up, and him fct down,charging him
to whip them when they deferved. This ^rpw«j might have had any prcfermeiic
from his fcholars, but nee refufed all, and lived an Ercmit. They had two Govern-
oiirs in their minority-, Arcadius had Rnfpnus a Gaul and a wicked mxn-^Honorius
had Stilico : to dido was committed Africa. Ruffms drew AUricus the Goth in-
to Greece, where he committed many outrages. Stilico marryed with Serena , the
daughter of Theodofms his brother,of her he had a daughter MArj by name, whom
he marryed with Hondrias.'Vh.cn (ends Captain GAii$a with an army to Arcadius y in
jj whofe prefcncethcykilliJ«//7»«j.So5/;//cowasridof acorrivall. G/Wobydcfrau-20
^ * ding the (ouldiers of their pay ,caufed them to rebell,hoping thereby to be Emper-
- • ■5^^' our. Bur him alfo 5/7//V<?dcftEoyedby the help of his brother M4yc^f/:(f/, who hated
Gtldo his brother,for fome wrongs received from him,therefore he overthrows him
in a batteil,and drives him to fclf-murther. Afterward Mafcel^l by Stilico's trea-
chery was drowned in the river. ,iw '
The two Emperors having now got fomc breath after thefe tumults, in imi-
tation of their Father,command all Idolatrous temples to be overthrown, and the
gladiators to be aboliihed. Chryfofiom was then fent for to be Bifhop of Conflan-
tinople 5 who reproved GawA to his face for aiming at the Empire 5 and en*'
deavouringto overthrow £«/r<7p7w who fucceeded to Ruffimts'xn the Emperours 3«
favour .• Gainai confpiring with his countryman Tril>ig!ldus^hcgw to make fliew
of a civill war. Tribigildus waftcs many places in the provinces, againft him Gai-
Viti is fent, who of purpofe increafeth the feare , and labours with Arcadius
to banifli or put to death Entropus iox his ownfecurity. SoG4/;7/«aGoth
and Arian is received within the City, dcfircs to exercife publikely the Arian
herefie, telling the Emperor that it did not ftand with his honour, that he who
was the Roman Generall ihould exercife his Religion without the wals. But Chry-
foH^me refifted him, telling him of his ingratefulneffcjand turbulent nature. But
the Traitor intends to invade the city and Empire,wheretore under pretence of re-
creating himfclf,rcmoves into the countrey, carrying fome Forces with him , and 40
leaving fome in the city to aft for him. But whileft they thought to furprife the
city in the nighr,there appeared a guard about the Tovifer,as if they had been angels.
For Arcadius not doubting of treachery, placed no guards in the city.But fome ar-
mour which he was conveying away being found, Gainas is proclaimed traitor,and
all the Goths in the city, were by the inraged multitude murthcred? eventhofe
7000 that had taken fanftuary in the Temple.Then Travittas being made General!,
overthrew Gainas in a Sea fight, and drove him home into his owne country ,
whom at laft the king of the Hunns overthrew in a battcll, and then put him to
death.
The Alani abouf^his time made inroades upon the Empire. Stilico the Van- 50
dall got the good will both of the Roman and Barbarian fouldiers. He kept fe-
cret corrcfpondcncy with the enemies of the Empire, and endeavoured to fet the
two brothers Emperors at variance.He imployed Alaricus 10 feife upon Illyricum,
and all this \yastomake hisownfon Eiichertus Emperoui. Hee imployed alfo
his countreymen the Vandals, with the Alans, Sueves, Goths, and Huns againft;
Gallia and Germany. The Vandals under Crofctis their Generall did much havock
. in Gallia. Alaricus kiagof the Vifi goths, or Weftern Goths, drove the Alans
and
Chap. 9 . Hiflory of the ! For Id. 91
and Suevcs with the Vandals thence into Spainc. Stilico's ambition was raifed hyj!^. MMnd}
the great vidory he got over the Scythians, of which zoocoo under their king V-^J^V^^J
Khadagaifus break in upon Italy, having laid waft many towncs by the way. Hec
vowed the bloud of Chriftians for a facrifice to his gods. But Stilico (b ihut him
up within the barren hils of FefuLr, that they confumcd away with the plague .inct
famine,their king was laid in irons, and ftrangled , and they were fold by flocks
like flieep,a crown then could buy a whole flock; but they dyed fliortly after.In the
mean while Arcudius dyeth,being 3 1 years old, having reigned 14 years alone, and ^3 7^-
1 3 with his Father. His Erop refle Etidoxa dyed a little before^having a dead child ^•^" 4^^.»
Xo in her womb.
In histimetheMonkeswhoin D/W/^/z^j^'spcrfecution began, were increafcd
to great numbers •• they perfecuted Theop^ilusBliho^ of Afexandria, for deny-
ing to God a humane (hape, this Theofhilus was an enemy to Chryfofiome^ccz\x(c
hce befriended the Monkes which he had excommunicated , for commending Ori-
gens bookes. Chrjfojlome flood for Or'tgen^ whom Epfhanms Bifliop of Salamis
in Cyprus refiftcd condemning thefe bookes, which Methodius BiHiop of Lycia,
thenofTyrus, compared to the Syrenes for their many allegories. Epiphatuus
was reproved by the Monkes for condemning thefe bookes before a Councell was
called, and fo as he was returning home dyed by the way. Chrjfojieme for being
20 too free in his fpeech, chiefly againft £«^i>;f<« the EmperefTcjwhom he calls Hcro-
<//<ftf, inveighing bitte rly againil her and her ftatue which was ereded ncere the
Church upon a marble pillar, at which the Stage players ufed to aft. Hec thruft
out alfo 1 3 Bi(hops5 and reproved the Monkes for comming into cities 5 re-
fufing to converfe or cat with anyot them. Hereupon heeis banillied , but by
the importunity of the people recalled again • yet could he? not refrain from
inveighing againft Biidoxa^ which made Arcadius being uxorious banifh him the
iccondtime , then he dyed on the borders of Armenia, a year before the death
of Arcadius, two years before Rome was taken by Alaricits. But Pope Inmcemi-
«j excommunicated the Emperour and the Eaftern Churches for condemning of
^oChr'jfofiomc.
Arcadius left one fonnc Theodofiusht\{\ndt him, a child of § years, to the tuiti-
on of Ifdigerdes king of Perfia, hopcing by this meanes that the Perfians would
forbeare to moleft the kings pupill by incurfions on his territories. He was a
milde and religious Prince,well educated]by his fifter Pulcheria,who in his olinO'
rity ruled the Empire with great commendation. About this time a certain pa-
ralytick Jew by baptifm was recovered, and Maruthas Bifhop in Mefopotamia
by his prayers freed //^/^er^w from his continuallhead-ach, and his fonne from
the cviU fpirit with which he was poflefledjfo that the king was like to turn Chri-
ftian had not his Magi hindred him.
40 The fame year that young T^^(?^(?/?w began his reign, Ho/^waj undcrftanding
of Stilico's treafons caufed him to be put to death at Ravenna with his confederals.
Stilico's daughter that was marryed to Honorim^ isreftoredto her mother Sere-
na. His fonne Eucherius is executed at Rome, and the wives and children of the
Goths are by the inr aged fouldiers through all the towncs of Italy murthercd.
The Goths to be revenged, aflembled themfelvcs in a body of 30000 under y^/rf-4 3 7 gl ^
ricus^ who finding no jufticc from Honorins , by a fccret command as hee faid , A,C>^Q$»
mar<;hcth toward Rome, without medling with any towns by the way ; to hinder
him.- hecfeifed upon the harbour and ftopt all provifion. He laughed when hce
heard the citizens would fight-, faying : that thick haf k eafyer cut thenthin.In^
i^onocentiHscmkdi all the Images to be ftriptoftheir ornaments and jewels, to make
up thefummeof $000/. weight of gold, and 30000 of filver, to pay Ala-
ricus, who upon receipt thereof, removed the fiegc. Bat Hofjorius rcfakd to
give hoftages, and to ratifie the peace which the city had made with Alaricus,
wherefore hee intercepted the fouldiers which Honorius fent to guard the
City.
Honfiritt^ continuing in his obftinacy fent for the Huns to affift him , and
remitted to CofiJlantineikcTynoif all the Territories beyond the Alpes, then
did
^^2 TbefecondFartofthe Book. 5.
An'^Muiiir^sdi the Britalncs, Celt3e,andArmorici recover their liberty, by expelling all the
v-<!?'''>/'""%>-> Roman Officers. y^/^Jr/tw^befiegeth Rome againe, andtorceth the citizens to
make AttahsiUdx Govcrnour C^fdr, and to join their Forces with himagainft
Hofiorius. But the hxmy oi Audits \s\\\d\ hce fentto fubdue Africa, was cut
off by Hetacliatius Governour thereunder Honor ius. Alaricus would wiUingly
have made peace with Honvrnts , and to that purpofe lent divers Embaffies,
but Hcnorius had vcnved the contrary. Att'tlm with a great Army drew ncer Ra-
venna where Hononusw^s, which To affrighted him, that hee profferred to make
Jtialiis his colleague, which he refufed, in a proud and fcornfull way ^ whereupon
Alaricus icv^iicd Attdiis oi all his honour, andprir>ccly ornaments, which hee lo
fcnt to Hononus, hoping thereby that hee would hearken to peace. But Sams and
^eviiis the two great Commanders o^FJenorius his Armies,would not give way to
4 3^°* any peace. Wherefore y^/^^r/a/i by treafon takes Rome, andfackesit^ when the
A.C.^io. newes thereof came to Honorms^ that Rome was taken, he thought the meflenger
had fpokeof his great Cock, which hee named Rome. y^/4w»j gave order that
none fliould be flam who took Sanduary : but he could not keep the Ibuldiers from
pillaging and burning. So great was the famine in Rome before it was betrayed >
that the people defired a price might bee fet upon mens flefli. Alaricns ftayed
not in the city above three days, tor he feared left 7heodofius Honorius his brothers
fonne, might be coming with his Eaftcrn army, wherefore having wafted Italy, as 20
he was paffing over in;o SicDy, dyed fuddenly,to whom fuccceded his kinfman A-
tattlphus.
This Ataulfhtts roarryed with VUcidia Honorius his fiftcr, who by her allure-
ments was peifwaded to make peace, and goeinto Spainc, that Henorius might
fiipprcffethe newupftart tyrants, which invaded the Empire, to wit, Consfantine,
Covsians^ Gerontius^ levtnus^ Scbajiiayj^ SarHs^ and others. Which was effeded
by the meanes of Confiamius and Vulfhilas his General], CoKfiantine at Arela-
tum is befieged,takcn, and flainby Conjiamius : his fonne Conltms is killed by
Gerontius^and hce by his own fouldiers •• ^cvwus alio is {[aln. Attains is carryed
a^vay with the Goths into Spame, and being taken at Sea, had his head cutoff.H^- ^o
ruclianus wiihagreat fleet entred upon Italy, but being beaten back as hee was
landing, returncs to Carthage, where hce is flainby the fouldier. About this time
CoKjlax/tius vccovevcd Gallia from the Goths. Athaulfhus for defiring to m^ake
peace with Honorius is killed in Spaine by his fouldiers •• and fo was his fticcefTor
Sttgericus,\ox. the fame caufe. After whom MalliA was elcded by the Goths , to
break the peace,whichthe two former kept; but he remcmbring the nMferieSjwbich
the Goths formerly fuffered for violating the pc3ce,made a firm league with Hono~
rius, gave him choifc hoftagcs,and fent him back his lifter pUcidia , who afterward
marryed with Conjlmtius that brave commander, and of him had Valentinian^sS-
tcrward Emperor. In the interim the Vandals and Suevi did continually war with ^^
the Goths,to the great advantage of the Romans^ Bat the Burgundians being grie-
voufly opprcffed by Uftants king of the Huns , refolvc to ferve Chrift , and fo
having received baptifm , they fall fuddcnly upon the Huns, and in one battel!
kill 30000 of them. Since which time they conftantly maintained the Chriftian re-
figion.
In the Eaft 54r-M«« the Petfian, upon the inftigation of his Magi pcrfecuted
the Chriftians, which //^;^fr<^/«* tolerated, and beca life T^«</^/« would not re-
ftorc thofe that fled to him, hee is threatned with war: h\xt Arddurius iht Em-
perors Gcnerall defeated the PerfianArtBics, and flew locoo of their prime foul-
dierSjwhich they called /wwerwi?, 1 00000 Saracens being fuddcnly taken with a ,3
fanic fear, as they were flying from the Romans over Euphrates were drowned.
The news of this defeat was by Paladins in three dayes fpace brought from Mcfo-
43 9?' P^'^^"^''^ ^0 Conftantinoplc. About this time Honorius dyed of an Hydrop/ie at
A, C.423.^°"^^ the 30 year of his Empire, and the 40 of his age. He had made ConJiamius
- ' '^ 'his fiftcrs hasband Co-Emperor, but he dyed 5 moneths after his inauguration.
Abou t thcle times lived Pdagius the great patron of free-will, Helvjditts alfo,
AndAHi and Bcnojus hcrcticks. From Atnlfhus the Spaniards reckon their kings,
for
Gh ^ P^ 4- Hiftory of the World. ~^
for before him Spain wis pofTclTcd by Vandals, Alans, and SuevesTTh^ F7ench^;^li/W/
begin rheir Chroniclfs from Faramundxl^t'n^x^ king,and General of the Francks. \yy\j
Fajconia is fo called from the Vifigoths which drove out thence tite Vandals A-
lans and Suevcs into Spain,and 1 9 years after they drove the Vandals, thence in-
to Africa, thcyalfo overthrew the Alans and SueVes.and reigned tbere'about 5 8(5-
ycares, untill they were dtftroyedby the Mores. Innocentiusi\\cf\vii drove the
NovatiansoutofRome. The Britains being forfakenbyfhe Romans, became a
prey to the Scots and Pids^ from whole opprefTions that they rniqht be delivered,
they invited to their own deftrudion the Saxons or Angles out olGcrmany.The
loGaulesalfo iliookoffthe Roman yoak, and called in the Francks, .whilcft Aim-
cus was raging in Italy. PalUdius by Pope Celejltne is fent into Scoiland , to
convert them from the Pelagian hercfie.He was the firft Biiliop there, before him
that Church was governed by Monks. About thefe times dyed S. Hierome in.
Bethlcm pi ycares old, andabout 11 oriz yearsahcr, S.^«^«//»f in Hippo in
the 75 year of his agc,the 40of his Biflioprick. The Univcificy of Bononia is infti»
tutcdby f'^f«'<^<'/«j.
so
Chap. IV.
Divers Alterations in theEmfire «;?<!/^rTheOdofius,Martianus, Leo and Zc-
no. 2. The Wejierne Empire ruined hy the Soths^ Vandils^ Huns, and
Heruli. 3-. Divers fotratgne fajjit^es of thofe times 5 dnd of the Church
affaires.
VPon the dtithoi Honorinsy Cajiinus Gcncrall of the Army, advanccth
^ohn the Secretary to the Empire 5 who feiit Embafladoufs toTheedofus
for his favour and approbation. Butheeimprifons the Embafladours, and42p5.'
fends Ard/ihuriustht Prsetdr againft him,wtiom 5''''^'* ncer Ravenna befet round. >tf. c 4dj^
30 Which being known, Theodojius fends P'alentinian the fonnc of flacid/a his
Aunt, whom hee h::id made C£far to recover the Weflern Empire. Afper the
fbnne of Arddhtirius was lent before, whom a fhepheard in an unknown habit,Con-
duded through a Lake into Ravcnila. Ardabarius is fct ixcc^lohnh fubducd,and
Cajiinus baniflicd. So Valentinian by the confent of all Italy is made Epiperor.
'Bonifacius and Aetius by Theodofius are allowed for his Generalls. But thcfc two
by their emulations, and Valentinian [as nc^xgcncc ruined all. Spain, Gallia, Bri*
tainc, and wefl Lybia are loft. Aetius inftigated the Emperour againft Boniface Go-
Ycrnour of Africa, who undcrftanding ofthe danger he was in j and what was in-
tended againft him by Valentinian imd Plaeidia^cslkd'mGumhariusaRdCenferi-
i^ocus kings of the Vandals then in Spain; Thefe with fire and fword waft Africa, and
poyfon it with Arianifm.But at laft Boniface underftahding that Aetius his letters,
which he fent him were felfe concerning tlic Emperors intentions againft him,would
fain have thruft the Vandals out of Africa again,but could not,wherefon: he comes
to Rome, and in a fet battell defeats Aetius, but ftiortly after hee dyed, and left 44 02^
Afric to the Vandah, who bcfieged Hippo, in the 3 month of this ficge S.^«'jrf.C. 45a,'
ftin dyed.
After this -<^f//«j is reconciled to the Emperours. Numidia is given to the
Vandals and a peace concluded with them. Aetius forceth the Burgundians,and
Litoriusyxhc Goths then befiegingNarbon, to hearken to peace. Theodejias bis
jowife Athenaii daughter Q? Leontint the Athenian Philofopher, was baptifed, and
new named Endoxia, Shee exprelTed fome places of Scripture in Homer's
vcrfcs, as Proba Falconia did before her in VirgiYi. This Eudoxia had adaughter
by Theodofitts of her own name, who was marryed to Valentinian in Conftan-
tinople. Eudoxia the mother went the next yea re to Jerufalem, vybence Ihce
brought Peters chaines, in memory of which llice Caufed the firft of Auguft to be
kept holy, which before was obferved in honour of AugHflni his vi<5iory over
Antottius ^j^d Cleopatra, In the 30 yeare ofTheodoftus there were earthquakes
which
94
Thefecmd Fart of the Boo K. 3.
j» Mimd'. ^^''^'^'^ l-'^^'^ "'^"y mon-^i'S togcthcr,overt[iro\ving houfcs and townes, which prc-
V/-\rW f^igcdgicat cominotionsand changes in the State. In thcfe earthquakes a cevtaine
youno man was fuddenly taken up in the airland let down again, who told the peo-
ple, that they mnft all fln^ •• Holy God^ Holy Mdjlrong^hdy and Immortally have
'ikcrc'j ufon us. Hereupon ihey all fung K^rH eleifon^ and the earthquake ceafed.Buc
the Empire began more and more to decline. "For Theedofitisk: loole the rains to his
covetous Funuchs.
• Thi; Goths Bill dckaicd Falet7tinians Army, woULitoyiits his Generall pri-
soner, dnd forced the Emperour to fue for peace, and to furrender a part of Gallia.
In the interim Cf^/mf/.'jpofreflcth himfelfe of Carthage, the next year he crof- lo
ieth overtoS ci!y,\vhichhe wafteth. Theodojiusknx Forces thither, but to little
purpofe, Sh.only after, that fcourge ot God Jttila king of the Huns, waftes Thra-
cia and lllyrici-m •• takes in all Caftles.and Cities, except Ach'ianopolis and He-
raclca. So that Theodofitis was fain to hire him to be gone, tor 5ooo lik weight
of gold, and a yearly tribute. Bat pretending not long after, that his tribute was
not duly paid, he renews the war •, and being confederate with Genfericm^ he arras
the- Scythians, Oftrogoths, Sarmatians, Marcomans,Saxons, and divers other na-
tions,makingflicvv that he would drive the Goths out of Gallia, and makes the
Goths beleeve, that he was the grcatefl enemy the Romans had. But Fdentinian
having difcovered his cunning plor,unites hlmlelf to all the kings of G.illia, to Theo- j©
doricus of the Qoih.s,Gundertcv.s ofthe Burgundions, Mirouenus of the Francs, and
Siwgibants king of the Alans ^ all thefc wndcrAetitis his Generall,he employetha*
ga':nft A'tda.ln the large fields of Catalaunura or Chaalons the battel was fought,
on both fides were fl:iine 162000, befides 90000 of the Gepida: and Francs,
wh'ch before the great battcU had killed each other in the night time. The Francs
held with t!ie Romans, the Gepida' with the Hum.Theodoricus king ofthe Goths,
or of Spaine w-as killed byafall fromhis horfe, as hee was riding about his
fouldicrs , animating them to fight. Attila after the battell durft not ven-
ture out of his Camp. It's thonght hee had in his Army 500 thoufand
4 42 0. "^^"' ^®
J C aVo "^f^^odcfius the fecond being 50 ycares old, dyed of a bruife which hee had by a
fall iiom his horfe, he reigned 42 ycares after his father. In his time lived Pope
^€0 a great Champion :\2j2i\r\{t Eutyches Archimandrita or Abbot of Conftanti-
nop! j who held but one nature in Chrift. Him Flavianits the Bifliop excommu-
hicated, £///^v/'fjappcarestoZf(?, who condemned his Colleague of temerity:
"and the heietickby themeanes o{ Chryfapb/us ihe Eunuch got a Councelltobe
held at Ephefus, in which J)/cy?tfn«of Alexandriaguardedby fouldiers was prefi-
denr. Here Flavianus w^s condemned^ and £»/)ii:^«abfolved. The Bifliops then
prefcnt out of fear were fain to fubfcribe to Diejcorus.Flaviams was kickt out ofthe
Councell by Diofcoru5,znd dyed three days after. It's faid that Diefcorus tread on aq
liim after he was dead. This fecond Councell of Ephefus was called Aor&xj;, or the
thee vifli Synod. After this P^'w/z/w of Antioch repenting that hee had voted with
that impious Sy nod,i ncenfed the Emperour againfl Diofcorus, 10 appeafe whofe an-
ger chrjfaphius made AnatoUus Bifhop of Conlf:antinople,and removed Fulcheria
•■ • ■ ■ frorri theCourt,uponfaIfefurmifcs. 'Rvix.Theodoftus \v^n better information ba-
nillieththe Eunuch, recals his (iflcr to the Court againe, and reproves his wife,
who pretending a vow went to Jerafalcm. But the death of T/'<r<j^«?/?/*f, and wars
of Attaltts hindrcd the full dccifion of this hcrcfie till the third yeare of
Martian.
Before this, in the 24yeare o^Theodofms the fecond, the firft Councell of Ephc- 50
' fus was held againft Nefiorhts the Syrian Bifliop of Conflantinoplc , who held
there were two perfons in Chriff. Againfl: him Cyrill of Alexandria wrofe, whofc
doftrinc was received by the Church of Conftantinople. Nejlorius is banifhed be-
yound Thebes in Egypt, where he dyed, his tongue being eat out with worms:this
" Ecclcfiafticall broil raifed by Nejlorius was prefagcd by the murther done in the
Church ofConrtantinople.Not long before-, fomeflaves being threatned by their
Maftcrs, took fanduary in the Church, from whenccihcy were commanded to
depart
Chap. 4« Hiftory of the World. 9^
depart, but they having killed a Prieft,anQ one more that refifted them,at lafl miir- /r,7. MmJt
thercd one another. And not only was the Church infefted with Neftorians and \y^\f^\J
Eutychians,but with Pelagians al.o and Novatians,againft whom divers Councels
were aflembled •, and'tt■fc^ISovatiansby force of armcs were forbid the exerclfe
of Religion. The Jewes .nbout this time were driven out of Alexandria, and thofe
of Crete bcini^ deluded by a falfe Mofs, who perfvvaded many of them to leape
into the Sea, promiling he would divide it for them, as the true Mnjcs once did,
were drowned,and the reft being wifer were converted. .
The Goihsbeinggone, v^f//.'V'layeth ficge to Aquileja, which hce took and o-
lOvcrthre-w, with MiUan, Ticinum, andVincentia: theVenetior Heneti, a people
of Paphlagonia, featcd neer the Hadriatic, for fear of Att^h fled into thofe lit-
tle Illands of the Sea, and laid the foundation of Venice. Pope /-ftf fopacifi'cd^^ ^ 4°
^m/rf, that he went not further,but returned with his army into Gallia, where ^■^"^54'
hee was defeated by Thtirfimitndm^znd. fo retreated intoScythia, where he dyed lit
his marriage bed ■• for though he had many wives, yet he would marry with Hil-
dico a young m:ud and daughter of the King of Badria , that night being infla-
med with wine and Venus^ he furrcndred his bloudy foul, being choaked with
bloudin hisfleep which gu(hed out of his mouth in great aboundance. Not long
after Vdmtinun was murthered by Maximns who was then a great man at Romej
2© and whofewife Valentinim had abufed by fending her husbands ring to her
which he in (port pulled off from his finger, flie thinking it had been her husbands
pteafure to repair to the Court, went,where fhe was ravillied by the Prince.To be
revenged of this wrong, ^^<tx/»?»5 alcniates Valenttntans z^ctiion from Aeints^
as if hee aimed at the Empire. Whereupon ^e//»j who had done him fo much
good fervice, is by his command put to death ^ r.»/?«//";?M« fas one told him j had
done better to have cut off his own right hmd.M'txmui caufcth two of -Aetitu his 44 25.
fouldiers to kill him, which they did, and thus was his magick,lufls,and murthcr A. C, 45ifi
puniflied in Campus Martius the 30 year of his Empire. About this time the Sax-
ons being called by the Britainesagainft the Scots, drove thofe they (hould have
2Q aided into Wales. The Acephali were the Eutychian fpaune,who held that Chrifl
was to be worfliipped but in one nature,which was made up of the divinity and hu-
manity.
Martianui fucccedcd to Thecdofins^ he was a Thracian by birth, and the Gene-
rail of TheodofiHs his Army in Africa againftCe^/fr/t*;^, and in Syria againft
the Perfians. Pulcheria being now a Virgin of 50 years, advanced him to the Em-
pire, and marryed with him conditionally ,that he (liould make no ufe of her bed,
for Ihc meant to dye a Virgin. He had been taken heretofore a prifoner in Africa
by GeyjJLricus^ to whom hee fwore that if ever he were Emperor,he would hold
perpetual! peace with the Vandals. For when he was fleeping among tlie reft of
40 the captives in the field, Geffertcm obferved how an Eagle fpread her wings o-
ver his face to keep him from the Sun, which he tooke asaprefagc of his fu-
ture Empire. Therefore difmilTed him , on the condition above faid-, which he
obferved, holding it unlawfull for a pubUck pcrfon to breake the Oath he made
when he was a private man. That he might put an end to the quarrels of the Ma-
cedonians, Arians,Neftorians, and Eutychians,which had now troubled the world
150 years, he cals a generall CounccU at Chalcedon,in which he was prcient with
6co and jo Bifliops.Here Diofcoms of Alexandria was condemned^and it was de-
termined, that in Chrift remained the two natures without confufion, mucatioHj
divifion or fcparation, united in one perfon.
^Q The quarrell was no fooner ended,but upftarts another between the two Patri-
archs of Rome and Conftantinople about the primacy^ Leo challenging the head-
fliipover all Churches. The Counceli gave to Conftantinople an equall (hare
with Rome. Inthe mean while AttiU was wafting all the Wefteine Empire.
Earthquakesevery where, and flaflies of lightning in the air. Leo dilliked the
definition of the Counceli , and impugned it with publick and private Epifties
written to the Churches. Falentinian^ndylctius being killed, the Barbarians.
without feare broke in on all fides upon the Empire. The Francs were now fub-
Thefecond Part oftk ^".^^111'
J u jed x.Q,Mcrovius, akcv Fermiit^diismd cUgio; they took poffeiTion of Paris,
riv^ andthe Kleof France. The Vifigoths under Theodomus werefeatcd m Spain,
^^^ whence they rexpulfed the Sucv'. At Rome Maxmus mafrycd with Eudoxia
the daughter of Thcedofius^ and wife of V^lentiman. Poflefling both wife and
Empire roiicrher by force of armes. But when fooliflily hee had diicovcred to
the tmpercfle, that hee was the cauic of Fdentimans death ; Ihee defiring to bee
revenged, invited Ga//mf?/5 out of Africa by private letters. Ginjmcns glad
of this occarion,hafiens to Rome with a great Fleet. Maxmus being unprovided,
thouoht to efcape by flig*ht,but his own fouldiers ftoned him to death- The Prin-
ces flye away,the City is delivered to Genfericus^ which the fouldiers for 14 dayes 10
together ipoil and plunder,carrying away the rich ftatues and ornaments thereof,
wiSi the plate which T/f«^ brought from Jerufalem^ this plate Be//ifanus a^tcr-
ward, having recovered Africa, fent to Conftantinople, and by ^«//»«» it was
remitted to J erufolem : the City aHo in many places was fired ; but confecrated
places upon the intreaty of /-fi) were fpared, much of the fpoil wascaftawayby
lliipwrack-^as they returned home.
The tyrant caVryed with him to Africa Endoxia with her two daughters ,
which fliee bare to rdentmiaiT^ pLtadi/i^ and Galla^ Etidocia^ with many more
Captives. Heemarryed Endociato his ibnnc Hunnencus -., Plaadiax.oOljbrius
a Roman Senator. Others write that Gez/fericHs to appeafe Mmia/ms who was 20
moved for the lolle Rome hadfuffered fent,to him PUcidia with her mother-,
but before they came ii^.jmVi;« was dead, andfoif^'had them. Gallia now is di-
vided among the Burgundians, Goths, andFrancks. But on a fudden Ai/itm
whom Maxinm had made his Generall invaded the Empire of France,which he
was forced to lay down again,and to accept of the Bifliopwrick of Placenria. But
thinking himfclf not fafe there,returned into Gallia where he dyed of griefe. Him
4-4 2 6. fhortly after followed Munmim who dyed the 7 year of his Empire. He was a
A. C. 45^. peaceable and religious Prince.
Leo fucceeded to 7i/^m/z;»?/^^, heewasaThracian,and had bcenea Tribune of
the fouldiers, he was the firft Emperor that was crowned by a Patriarch. Anato- 30
//ftsr was the Billwps name that crowned him. Hee maintained the Chalcedon
Faith -, and punillied the Alexandrians for murthering Preterius their Biiliop. He
made 7i:/4j«m:w/ Generall of his Forces, and fent him to govern the Weft, which
he did for 4 years, atlaftwas killed by iJ/f//»fr//^, whom hee had invited with
his Army to expell the Alans out of GaUia. Leo made a league with the O-
ftrogoths, who drove Hcrmcu-s the fonne of AttiLi into Scythia, and the Sueves
out of Spline. //r<a?<ir/V«j King of the Gepidre, a people among the Getje, the
firft who freed himfelfe from the flavcry of Attalus his fonnes, received Dacia
from Leo. The Goths had Pannonia, a part of the Alans had the lower Maefia.
445 I. After Ma]0)dmiSy i^T/^rw reigned 3 yeares, under him if/c/w?r defeated the A- 40
A.C.A61, lans, breaking in upon Italy, and killed 5 f«r^«.f their King. By a Candle left
burning in the f or«wcareleflely, Conftantinople took fire, which could not be
quenched in 4 dayes. Antioch, Gallia, and others parts were (liaken with Earth-
quakes, which occafioncd Mamerttis Bifliop of Vienna to iaftitute larger Litanies,
which afterward were wont to be fung ftill the fixt week after Eafter. Severus
being killed hy Ricimtrtht Goth y^/2?^f?»/«^ is fent to Italy by Leo ^ upon the
4 44 5' intreaty of the Romans, his daughter Ricemer marryed, and fo was quiet a while.
A, C. 465. jri the mean time Genfcricus is defeated in a Sea fight. Leo's Fleet was 1000 and
J 00 ftiips-, but ihortly after, Bafdifctts the brother oi Ferina, Augufia^ ('whom
Leo upon the recommendation of his two great Generalls Afpannd Ardahittius ^q
both Arians, had made Admirall) treacheroufly loft this Fleet to the Vandals,
Bafil.jcus being an Eutychian, and willing to pleafe his two Patrons , that the
Arian herefie might flouriih. Ricemer o^i^o the Arian befiegeth his Father inlaw
^»?/^(?w«« in Rome, which hee took, and then murthe red him, having reigned
4452. 5 yeares; but hee lliortly after dyed, to whom fucceeded y^»/m/j- 0/)i^r/V«, who
J.C.A12. dyed 4 months after. Then did /.i?^ upon the importunity of y/y]?<ir, create his
fonne C<«/.zr, at which the peopercpinedjthat an Arian fliould reign over them.
But
Chap* 4- Hijiory of the IVorlL ^y
but not long after Lee finding ylfpars treachery, commanded both him jind his two Jn. Mutt^
fons to be flain and bequeathed by wU],the Empire to his Grandchilde by Anadnii L*/>r%wl.
his daughter.
To olyhrius fucceeded Glycerius at Ravenna-, he bribed the Goths to keep but
of Italy, and fo did Leo to keep them off from Greece. Wholhortly after dyed of
a loofeneflc, having reigned 1 7 yeares. Hee named J-ulim Nepos for the weftern
Empire, whocommingto Italy by Sea, removed G/ycw/^ after he had reigned
5 yeares, and made himaBilhopin Dalmatia, InZ-M's time Chtldencai King
of the Francs, was banilbed by the people fforhis infolency) into Thuringia^
10 and by them ^gidim a Roman Commander is chofen : but 8 years after Chi/de-
r/V/^ returnes, and is received again, whofc reign afterward was more moderate.
The name of France was given to all that part which Merovnm held. About this
time dyed Pope Leo^ to whom fucceeded Hilaricus^ And at Conftantinoplc to
Cenanditis fucceeded Acacius, Stud/us a Confular man fct up an order of watch-
ing Monkes who were to fing divine Service, and to watch by lurncs night and
day : in Conftantinople.There a certain painter reprefented Chrift in the form
of ^ttfiier^ whereupon his hand withered. Vej'ii'vms brake out into gre«c
flames, with the a(hes whereof many countreys were covered : in memory of
which, an annual! folemnity was ordained to bee kept at Conftantinoplc. Eftty-
'20 f)&« and Dic/f^'rwreflifing to {land to the decrees of the Councellof Chalcedon,
*^' divided themfclves into divers feils^ the two chiefe were the Jacobites, fo called
from ^neob the Syrian, and the Htefitantes or Diacrinomeni , which doubted
whether or not they ftiouid receive the faid Synod. The Rogation folemnity
■vyas then inftituted by Mamereus Bifliop of Vienna: In which the time was fpenc
in fafting, praying, finging, and weeping, itwasoccaiionedbythe Earthquakes
of Vienna, and the irruption of Wolves and other wild Beafts into the City,;
which dcftoyed many people ; then did rMi Jonathan perfeft the Thalmud of
Jerufalenii
itfo's Nephew being dead in his infancy, deformed .^^»^ Z if o's foninlaw, a * '-
3® Cilician of obfcure parentage, and father to the fore fa id Infant^ fucceeds in the
Eaftern Empire, and Nzfirs ia the Weftern, whom Orejles drove into Dalma-
tiajas Ne^os had done Glyeerius before. Nefds his fonne called MomyHus^ is made
Angujlus^ and for his fmall ftature is named Auguflulus. But hee fhortly afrer is
banifticd by odoaeer King of the HeruH, who being called in by the friends of
Nefos^ overrun all Italy, Hew Orefies at Placentia,and took Rome 5 which is now
the 4 time it is taken, i. By the Gaules. z. By the Goths in the time of Hono-
rius. 3. By the Vandals in Martiam time. 4. Now by the Heruli. And 5. it
was afterward taken by AtttU. In the reigne of ^ujtinian , as wee fhall
fee, Odeacer named himfelfe King of Italy, aboliftied the Confular dignity,
4°tranfferred the feat of his Kingdomc to Ravenna, and fo that glorious "Em-
prc which began in Augufius ended in Augujlulus^ 532 years fince Ang'tfim
In the Eaft Bafiliftus brother to Ferim the EmperefTe, made war againft Zefio, A<^'^7^
(hee animating her brother againif her foninlaw, r^^c* being a coward,fled with
his wife Ariadne to Ifauri neer mount Taurus in Cilicia, where hee was bom^
there he lived one year and 8 moneths. In the meane time Bafthjcus as bad as
Zen9^ advanced the Eutychian herefic, and forced AcaciHs to iide with him a-
gainft the Councell of Chalcedon. But within two yeares his Army under Bar-
matus fell off to Zetio, againft whom they were fent , and brought him back to
joConftantinople, who fent away 5<ij?///ir«j with his wife and children to 3 Caftlc
in Cappadocia, where they periflied with famine. In Baji I ifcits his time, the Li-
brary of By^ntium took me^ inwhich 120000 bookes were burned. Ze»o be-
ing nothing betteted by thefe troubles, names for C«efar Bafilifcns fonne to Har^'
matus the traitor 5 hee firft kills Hermatus the father, not daring to truft him who f' ^
betrayed his Mafter, then after hee had named his fonne Cxfar^ according to his
proroife, hee makes him a Clergy man. ^^«<>'s fonne dyed, before hee attained
the Empire. And he hiiafclf being one day dead drunk fell down fpeechlcfle, hia
K wife
oS ThefecondPartofthe Book. 5.'
Un.MtiKi's wife Ariadne burycth Kim before he was quite dead, no mart offering to help him,
v-4S'^^/'«%*J though he groned lamentably, and fo dyed having reigned 17 years. 532 yearcs
after /«/. C-epr^ death.
Two years before 2'?;7t) dyed, Theoderictts thefonne of y^w4////King of the
Oftrogoths, havingoverrunThraciaand Mafia, threatens Conftantinople.-^^wo
a better flatterer then a fouldier, invites his enemy into the City, made him
Conful, and bcftowed divers honours on him-, and at laft perfwadcd him to
goe againft odoacer in Italy. TheodoricHs an adive Prince was eafily perfwa-
ded to this, being troubled that Italy the miitreffe of the World fliould bee .
fubjed to the obfcure Nation of the Heruli , and finding that odo.tcer having'®
fubdued Fhxbas Prince of the Rugi upon the Baltick fea (whofe feats were now
poiTeffed by the Longobarbs ) was fecure at this time •, haftcns into Italy, and
defcates him at the bridge Sotius , then gives him a fecond overthrow neer
44^0. Verona, whence he was called Ver»nenjis. In the third encounter hee drives
A,C, 4^0, him within Ravenna, who having made a fally upon Theodoricus in the night,
was beat back again -, a part of the Army was left to beficge the town c, with
the reft Theodoricus marcheth about Italy, makes peace with Hunericus King
of the Vandals in Africa, and frees Sicily from their oppreflion. This Hh-
ytericus worfe then Genferteus his father, upon the inftigation of the Arians,
baniflied and flew 400000 Cathohcks. Hee cut out fome of the Preachers aq
tongues : and at laft hee fell fo madde that hee tore and bit his owne flefh ,
fo that hee dyed miferably, his body being putrefied, and eat up with vcr-
jninc the 8 yeare of his reigne. odoacer after hee had bcenc bcfiegcd three
/ yeares in Ravenna, was flainc by Theodoricus^ who having recovered Italy,
recommended the care of Rome to the Senat , and made Ravenna the feat
of his Kindgdome. But being an Arian hee imprifoned Pope r^ohn, till hee
dyed there, for not permitting the Arians to have Churches. Hee imprifoned
at Ticinum two Senators , Symmachus and his fonne in law Soetius ; then
feifed upon their cftatts, andilcw them. Not leng after, at fupper, as face
was looking on the head of a fifh; hee thought hee faw Sjmmachus withjo
fiery eyes gaping on him, which put him into fuch a (baking, that he wascar-
ryed away to his bed and dyed. This Symmathus was not hee that in the time of
T'heodofitts wrote againft the Chriftians.
About Zene's time the South- Saxons erefted their KingdomeinEnglandja
y eares after their arrivall. The Jewes at Tiberias by the help of Rabbi Sen Afer,
and R. Ben. Nephali found out thofe Hebrew pricks which we ufe at this day in
ftead of vowels and accents, which arc read in fome words othcrwayes by the
Eaftern Jewes about Babylon, then by the Wcftern.£«y;V»j King of Spain was
the firftthere,thatgavelawesto the Goths in writing. Pope Gelafius compiled
the Canon of the Mafle, and the CoUedls or fhort Church- ^uy^zs.ClodoveHs thc4Q
firft Chriftian King of France is baptized by Remigius Archbilhop of Rhemcs,
who gave him the name of Ludovicus. The holy 'Oil was then (if we may bc-
leevc it) brought by a Dove from Heaven, with which he was, and his fucceflburs
are at this day anointed.
^'
C H A p. V. ^
The H Oman affaires ««i<fA- Anaftafius, Juftinus <«»df Juftinian. 2.' of th
Perfiarts^ Goths^ and other barbarous Nations of thofe times, 3. The affaires ^o
0f the Chnrch.
2I.no being ftarved in his tombc, for want of food eat up his own flefli,>^-
wiw^hiswifcnot fufferinganytohdphim 5 advancetn to the Empire
4i.vt»yi. Anajle^Hs^ with whom 'tis thought fhee was too familiar in her former
■^""^ husbands time 5 therefore now makes haft to marry him. Hee was before but a
€ourt Scribe or Secretary, called StkntiariHs, for Secretaries ftiould he f lent, he
was
Chap. 5 . Uifigry of the IVorlL
was nick named Dicorus becaufe the apple of his eyes were of two co\(A\K,Euphe^ AtJ<, Mtindi
milts Patriarch of Conftantinople, refufed to crown him, till he had fubfcribcd to VJ/V^V/J
the councell of Chalcedon : which in policy lie did , (hewing great juflice in the
beginning of his reign •, in abrogating thofe ads by which taxes were raifed by iin-
lawfull waycs, as of publick iTcwes, and fuch like ^ he baniflied all informers
from the city • and would fuffcr no offices to bee bought and fold. Ke banifhcd
• Longtntis^Zcno's brother, for afpiringto the Empire, at laft flew him for arm-
ing the Ifauri againft him. Kee forced tht Arabians who had overrun Mefo-
potamia and Paleftina,to make peace with him. Ke took Amida ^iomCabades the
'loFerfian King. Whom his fubjefts imprifoned for making it lawful! that
wives fliould be common. But his wife got himtobe difmiffed by proftituting
her body to the Goal Keeper. He ihortly after recovered his power, and became
a good friend to the Chriftians. But killed his brother who had reigned 2 years.
jnaftafius being fetled in the Empire, began to fliew hinjfelfe in his true colours
being difguifed before. He demands back his hand-writing, by which hec had
promifed never to moleft the Orthodox profeUburs.He banilheth EtfphemiHs,a.nd
fets up Mncedomtts in his place, from whom violently hee extorted his hand'
writing, and then baniflied him, advancing Timotfjeus his flatterer, and Pander.
Hce baniflied alfo the chief of the Orthodox Clergy. HebufltawallaSo fur-
aolongs dift^nt from Conftantinople,to keep off the barbarous incurfions of the In-
habitants about Pontus,Colchis and Mceotis. But he could iioc keep out Fitaliamts
the Thracian with his My flans and Scythians from plundering the countrey all a-
bout Byzantium',who alio befetthe City with a Fleet of Ships. But Anafiafms fent
Martimis captain of his guard with an army againft him, and by burning glafles,
which ProcUistht Mathematician had made,fet all the enemies fliips on fire •• yet he
was fain to begge for peace, which was granted conditionally, that the Orthodox
Bifliops which Armflafius baniflied, be recalled home ; and that a Synod bee cal»
led. Which was" aflented to, and FiM/Mw/w is made mufter mafter of Thracia,
and rewarded with a great fummeof gold. Pope Hormifdas fent to Aiuf-tfins
3 ^ about this Synod, but upon fomc difconrents,or miicarriage of the Legats , rhcy
were fent privately away, with commaijd not to return any .more into Greece. So
little hope there was of a SynoA.FU'viiiniis Bifliop of Antioch was aflauked by the
Eutychian Monks,becaufe he would not abjure the Councell of Chalcedon,butthe
townfmen fell upon the Mcnks,killed many of them, and drove many into the ri*
ver Orontes^ where they were drowned. Hereupon Flavkms is baniflied againe,
and the Eutychian Sever'us fet in liis chair,. who being incenfed againflithe Monks
of Syria for aiding Flaviarms^ht flew 300 of them,and would not fuffer them to be
burycd. Annitufim adding to the hymne of the Trinity thefe words, who jvas cr»'
afiedfer ff.f, as if he meant,that the deity was crucified,occafioned fuch a tumult in
. 40 the people,that he could fear fe appeafe them, though he layed down his crown be-
fore them.
In the fecond year of Amfi^fiws, odcacer was killed by Theohricus^ who was4 4.^ 3«
King of Italy 33yeares5 he repaired the decayes of R.ome, and was bountifulM.C.^:??*
to the people. CWci^^w then King of France, partly by the inftigation of his
wife, a Burgundian,and partly becaufe of his vow which he made,became a Chri-
ftlan, forhe vowed fo to be, ifhc obtained the vidory over the Alcmans, which
hee had. He overcame alfo Gw;'^fc'../ir/«j of Burgundy, and Theodmcfu the Goth
King of Aquitania, fo having inlarged the bounds of France, he fet up his Court
at Paris, he was angry with ^^y^/^/zw for diverting the Bulgarians, (a 'people
, 50unh€ard of till now) from Illyricum, and Thracia, where they were fearing them-
felves, and fent them into the We ftern Provinces. Thefe T^^^^ow/^j overthrew,
and added Syrmium with Pannonia to his Dominion. Amfiafius made Clodo-^
veils a Patrician, aftd named him A ngujlxs ^whence great jcaloufies arofe between
cledoveus and Theodericus^^Lnd then wars in which 30000 Francks were killed by
the Goths. Pope -^w^/'J/zw being dead, a bloudy quarrcll arofe at Rome, ^abou^
the cledion of a new Pope 5 fome flood for Symmachus 5 fome for Lau"
rent ins. Thequanelllafl;ed3 y cares, XillThedoricus cndcdit, who affigncd the
K 2 honour
ibo ThefecondFartofihe Book. 5.
^jS;t.JMu-/)^!honom to Sy?fimachuf xhax wasfirft nominated. About this time the Catholicks
V-*!'^/'"**»Jin Africa were fet at liberty by Gundamnndtis the Vandall, but ihry werebaniflied
afterward by Thrafamundus. One olympiiis as he was blafpl cming the Trinity ,was
vifibly burned by a fire dart from heaven. Theodoricus the Arian killed one DUc$»
ms whom hee loved well, becaufe he became an Arian for the Kings fakc,raying .•
Be that rvillnot befaithfullto God^ rvill never befmhfull to the King : lor he hated
thofe that changed their religion. Severtis the Eutychian Bifliop of Ahtioch
would have converted Alamundarus the Saracen king to Eutychianifm. The King
fained himfelf to be fad for the death of Michael the Archangel : the Biftiops told
4488. him an Angel could not dye, to whom he rcplyed ; Hciv then cealdchriji dye , //^®
A> C. 518.^^ >v'«J<';^/;y(^<'<!^^andfo flopped the Eutychians mouths.
AnajJ-afws having lived 8§ yeares,and reigned 2 7. was ftruck dead with thunder.
In his time the Accphali orheadlelTc hercticks, having no Biflicps to patronife
them, divided thcmfclvcs imo many feds : to wir, Trithaits, Agoncts, Thcopa-
fchites Jacobites, Armenians, &:c. A people of Perfu called Immercs, who had
been Jews, after 5d/<?wc« had vifited their Queen, but turned again to Gentilifm,
fent to AnajtafiHsiorz Bifliop, andfo embraced Chriftianiry. Alamundarus 2M0
the Saracen Prince was baptized. The Babylonian Thalmud was now finifhed by
the Rabbles, about 100 vea res after the Thalmud cfjerufalem, and 29. years af'
ter, the invention of the Hebrew pricks. The feaft ci' Michael the Archangel is^o
in&iitmcd. AnaJlaJtHs dreamed before he dyed that 14 years of his life ihould be cut
ofFjfor his herefie-jhe was forewarned alfo that he fliould dye by thunder.His ftatucs
and his wifcs are dragged through the ftrcets of Byzantium by the inraged people.
^HJlinus a T hracian bom, of a Sow-herd became Emperor, by bribing the foul-
diers. For v^ww?/»j the Eunuch and great Chamberlain to v^»4/?/i/?»j, had given
to ^ufiiniisz large donative tobediftributedamongthcfcfouldiers, wto did vote
for [\\sintn(L7heocritus whom he meant to make Emperour, In^inus preferred
himfelfe, and fo got the fouldiers to vote for him. Amantius bcirg thus delu-
ded ccisfpired with Andrerv the Chamberlain, and Theccritus againft ^usiinus^
but the plot being dilcovered, they were all three (lain. Amantius had dreamed a 20
488^. little beiorc this, that he was devoured by a great hoggc. ^ufiin tofhew his zeale
A, C.5ip.to the Counccll of Chalcedon, called his wife Buftcina by the name of Euphe-
mia the martyr, inwhofe church that Councell was held.He recalfd the Catho-
licks from banilhmcnr, exiled the Arians and Eutychians, thruft Se'verus from his
Biilioprickof Antioch, and condemned him to lofehis blafpbcmous tonguc.F/W-
lianus muftcr-mafter under Anajtafius^nd very intimate with ^nJH» was ( as its
thought) by his command murthered in the palace. In whofc place lujiinian his li-
fters fon was chofen.
C^^^^^'j the Perfian king having wars with ^ttjltn^ he hired for s,o\dZ elides
King of the Huns, to afnft him. Who being mvited by the PeiiianYor a greater 40
fumme forfook /«//>, and affifted the Pcrfian.7///?/»by his letters acquainted Ca-
bades how this diflioneft King had fervcd him, who could not deny, but hee had
received the money, whereat Cabades being incenfed flew him, and many more of
the Huns with him, which had not efcaped by flight; (there were 30000 of them)
and peace was made with lujiin for his fincerity , which laftrd not long : for
TfAthius King of the Lazors or Colchi revolting from thePeifian, came to /«-
//;?, receives the Chriftian religion and is baptized, therefore hee is called King
by /»//», and is fent back to Colchis, which then was fubjedl to the Pcrfian.This
caufcd aquarrclli the Colchi and Huns join with /«//» againft the Pcrfians. But
Cabades be-ng aged and fickly, defired his fonne Cojroes might bee adopted by In- jo
fiia-, wAvsM hr.d beene done, but that he \v2.shy Procltts his Treafurer difTwaded,
as being dang^.-ousboth to himfelfe, and to Inftinian. Upon this the quarrcll
grew gieatcr 5 and now not only is Cabades Itijlins enemy, lor advancing Tfathms^
ut Theodoricus Ferenenfis d\k>t^O'cyt'ckcmr\o the Arians. Pope John the firft
fucceftburto Hormifdas mtb Boetiusavd Sjmmachus, came to intreat ////?/»,that
hee would not bee too rigid againft the Arians, left Theodoricus fhould uk the
fame rigour in his Dominions againft the Catholicks . Thefe Embaftadours were
honourably entertained, and great joy there was to fee a Pope in Conftantinoplej
who
ChApT^, ~~ Hiftory of the World. lo i
"""who bccaufe he was above the Patriarch, Iufii» would bee crowned by him-, /lit. Mttadi
hee was the firft Empcrour that was crowned by the Popc^ jheodoricus \y'>/'\J
hearing of this was inraged, thinkins^ thefe EmbaffadoLirs had plotted with
lujUn^ againft him, and his VVcftern Dominion, tliercfove he Ibrved lohn in pri-
fon and ilew the other two (as was faid) with their followers-, he dyed Ihortly after 4 4 P ^«
himfclf. . ^'C.^i6,
His daughter AmaUfitnta fucccedcd with her young fonne AtljalaricHSyihty reign-
ed together 8 yeares, and reftorcd torhe Francs thofc parts of- Gallia, which the
Grand father had taken. After the death of ^i/.!r.'V«.f, AmaUfuyita made Theo'
lodatus her coLifin german Colleague wifh herinthekingdome, whom iLee ufcd to
reprove freely for his locfe manners. Shce alio put to deaththree prime men of the
Goths/or telling young y4//?r/f«/, that it flood not with the f^reatncfie of a Prince
to bee under the mothers ferula. B'Jt (lice for her good will towards her fonne
andcoufin, loft her life ^ for by command of T^foi.-?/«j fliee was ftrangled in a
bath. But Erkioxia daughter to Vtilentiniatiihc third foinfliuded her fonne
Childerictis^ that hee having obtained the kingdom of the Vandals in Africa, by
the death ot Tharjimu^d^ broke the Oath which his Father mace him fwcare, to
perfccute the catholicks, and hearkening to his mother, called home all the ba-
niflied Bilhops. lujtw in ihe mean time having reigned 9 yeares, and lived 77 dy-
8©cd of grief, for the overthrow of Antiochiaby Earthquake, in v/hkhEttphrafius
the Bilhop, with millions of people perifhed , fouremoneths before his death hee
nominated his fiftcrs fonne, lufiinian Emperour. In his time the Manichecs were
utterly dcftroyed by King Cabades in Perfia, becaufe they poyfoncd his fon Pha-
^/wr/^ with their herclies, and were tampering with him, to bring innovations in«
to the kingdom. C/(?^(7^'fJ^ fourfonncs divdedthe kingdom amongfl:them,and to
entertain peace with jUmaricus the fon o^AUrinus they marry their (ifter Clotilda
to him. AUricHs 2 King of Spain , and Aqujtam marryed with Amalafimh*
daughter to rheodoncm King of Italy. Shce was learned in the Greeke and
Latin tongues, befides divers vulgar languages^ whereas ItiBin the Emperour
*o could neither write nor vad.Al^mmcus marryed \vithir(?mi7/i the dauo;htcr of king
Clode'vejus, whom hee ufed roughly for holding firm to the Catholick Religion,
which cauled a warre between 'C^/Z^f^mw (who fucceeded Cledoveus) and Al-
i»<iw«J, who here loft his life. S.-5fW/^inftituicd the order of the Bcnedi^in
monkes. Slavi a people of Scythia invaded Iftria and the borders of "Vcnetia;
thefe in the time of Mduntius tranfplanted themfelves into Bohemia and Polonia.
The Hiftrians upon the comming of thefe Slavonians removed to the Ifle Ca-
pravia or Aegilon in the Tufcan S"ca, abounding in Goates 5 here they built Jufti-
nopolis. The Longobards invade Pannonia, whence they drive out the Huns and
Oftrogoths, Theedomtts reftorcs Spain and Aquitania to his Nephew AmaUri-
40 cits. About this time lived S.Brigidihdx famous Scots Lady,who was very intimate
with S.Fatric. ^
Ittpman fuccecded,a Catholick Prince, learned and fortunate, by reafon of his4 4 9 7°,
good Commanders, but covetous and wretched, extorting great fummes from^^.C, 527J
the people, which he fpent on his buildings and fouldiers. He fo broke the Perfian
with that war which lufiin began that he forced Cofroes the fon ofcdades to fuc for
peace. He flew alfo the rebellious Jews, hee caufed Triboniami and other Law-
yers to abbreviate and reduce into method, the old lawes confufcd and difperfed
in many volumes. Whence we have the Codex, the Digefis and Inftmtiom.Thc
reft ot Antioch is overthrown with a new earthquake, and in a dangerous fcdition
50 at Conftaminople above 30000 were flaine. For Hjfatius Pompejus and Prohus
coufingermans, and the Nephews of Amftafius, being armed by the people who
were weary of lujtinian's taxes, invaded the Empire, firft pillaging for five daycs
together, all that were loyall to lufmim. But Hipfmus and Potnpejus were both
flain, as they were offering to fcife upon the Palace, hy Beltfanus who being be-
fore in fomc difgracc, did now by this fad rcmgratiate himfelfe with the Em-
perour.
In AhkGilimer having killed Hildericus the fonne of H»»fww, and .H««f^'«
K 3 Falen^
I02 ThefecondPart ofthe Book. 5.
'^». Mmdi V^lcntwians daughter, took the kingdome of the Vandals by force. laftinian
Ky'>i^r\j\v\\o interceded for the \\ko^ Hildericm, finding his requelt flighted, and H/'/-
imf/« murthered in the prifbn, rcnt5e//pr/«j with an Army, who drove G/7/»?e>'
into Numidia,took Carthage, which had been 95 yeares out of the Romans
pofTeffion, finceG<?;i/fr/r«<-tookeir. Gilimcr being bcfiegcd and forced with fa-'
mine, was taken and carrycd in f:lver fetters by Beli farms to Iiiftinian, who as he
was led in triumph cryed out r^inity ofi'anities.andallis njanitj. Thus was the kins-
dome of the Vandals cxringuiflied in Africa, which had continued fince their firft
comming thither 108 yeares. lujtinian divided Afric into fcven Provinces,thrce
Confular,and feur Pr£torian.-that is,thrce were appointed bv the Confuls and pco- 10
ple,and foureby the Emperour,then Behjarim being made Conful is fent into Sicily
to revenge the murrherot the Qiieen Jmdlafverita^ who in prifon implored the
Empcrours help. Beliftnus having feifed upon ^xcAy^Theodattts fends Pope Agape-
tits to Conftantinople to make his peace with the Emperour. Jgapetus condem-
ned Anthimiis the Patriarch of herefie, and having got Menm to fucceed him,dy.
ed fbortly after at Byzantium, to whom by the appointment o^Theodatus Silve-
rmfucceeds. £f//pwj takes Naples, upon which T/'f^i3'^//« is llain at Ravenna
by his fouldiers for his carelefnefTe, and fo hce was puniflied for the murther
of y^W't/ii/^^ww his coufin cerman. r;>/_^« is made King by the Goths. Belifa-
ritfs was invited to Rome by the citizens, who takes it and repaires the walls 5 20
the Itahans fallofFeveryday to B<?//pr/w,r/V/^c.f joining with the Francs, raifeth
an Army ofi 50000 men, layeth ficgetoRome, Belifirius floutly defends it, fo
that 30000 Goths w^ere at this fiege deftroyed in one day. Thefiegelaffed a-
bove a year, in which time there were 69 skirmiflics, and the Goths at laft driven
from the fiege. Pope 5/7'z;w«j being accufed of treachery is hylnftinim's com-
mand baniflied Into Pontia an Ifland in the Tyrrhen Sea, called Porce. In whofe
place BelifiriHs (ctsvp Vigilias^ and then raifeth the fiege before Ariminum. But
the Goths affiflcd by the Burgundians, take Millan upon furrender,and put all to
the fword; it's thought at leaff 500000. of all forts, the women were beflowed
on the Burgundians. 50000 dyed ofthe plague at Picenum, and fo great was the 30
* famine, that mothers eat their children. This famine drove the Francs back again
into Gallia 5 wherefore Vitiges being in great ftraJghts, folicited Cofroes the Per-
fian to make warre upon the Emperour, who otberwaycs was like to bring all
his Forces into Italy. But in the meane while 5f///^w/<f tookc Ravenna, F///g-«
fubmits to him 5 the Goths proffered to Betifarim the Empire of Italy, which he
refufed, and retorning home upon ^ustinians command,carryed with him Vitiges.
In whofe fleadthe Goths beyond P^duakt up Tkeud/Mdus, who having fcarfe
reigned a year, was killed. Ararieus fucceedcd,who was flain fliortly after-, then To-
//7/?j was made King. Hethruftsthe Romans out of Ravenna , and overthrowcs
them in a pitcht battell. ^g
<5i !• BelifariHs uponhis returne isimployedin Syria and Pcifia againft Cofroes^ at
^.C. 541. which time the plague fo ragethat Conftantinople, that there dyed 1 0000 a
day. Cofroes burncs Seleucia and divers other cities. In Italy Neapolis is rcco-
coveredby the diligence of the Goths. The Garrifon is friendly difmifTcd, and
the Inhabitants almofl flarved, are kindly ufed. So flridl was the Difcipline ofthe
Army, xh^aTotiUis executed a kinfmanof his for lying with a maid,whofe whole
cftate he beflowed on her. Italy being indanger to be lofl again. Belifariiis'iscA'
led back from Perfia, and fent to Italy, where hee could doe but little good, be-
caufe the old fouldiers were either al gone,or elfe they were grown ffubborn.There-
foreTw/7^ takes Rome again,being betrayed, and almofl allflarved, and over- 50
throwes fome parts of the walls , but abflained from flaughter. In England
Occa King of Cantium having invited the Saxons againfl Arthur King ofthe
BritaineSj was difappointed ; for they were not permitted to land, wherefore they
take pay under the French King. Serditms King ofthe South* Saxons, feifethon
the Ifle of Wightjwhich he beflowed upon Stuffa and Whitgar, who deflroyed the
old ^dvAns.Whitgar called the Cafllc thereWhitgarsburg,now briefly Garesburg.
Selffarius returnes again into Italy, takes Tarentum, Spolctum, and Rome,
which
Chap. 5. Hiflory of the WorlL' 10 3
which hcefortyfiech; but the Periian warre being tcnzwcahy Cojroes, hcewasa-y^^. Mundi
gaine commanded thither. Whofe departure gave occafion to Totilas to over- Au/V^^
runnc againe all Italy : hce obtaincs alio Rome by the trealbn of the Ifaun^ which
now hee fenceth for himfelfc. Not long before this, the Danes bcin^ driven
out of France, fell upon Frifia. The Lombarbscame out of their countreys be-
fore this, Snionhdno then king of tlie Danes, they under their Captain Alboi-
tjits , on the borders of Pannonia overcame CttmniundiislQngo^ the Gepida:^ to
whom Syrmiumand muchof Dalmatia was fubjed. Shortly after iV^zrfw whom
^ujiin'uin fent to Italy in flcad of Bclifanus lends for thefe who did him goodie ^ 2.
lofervicein fubduing the Goths: in a fliort while after T6'f//.«^ in Tufcia was over- ^, C. 552.
thrown and killed. So Rome and Italy became fubjed again to ^//jT/«A<;i!,from
whence the remainder of the Goths were quite expulled, who chofe Tejas for
their King. He having raigned one year, was m a battell overthrown at Cum^, and
flaine.The 22 year of the Gothic war. Aligcrnus Captain of the Cumxan Garri-
fon, yeelded himfelfetoi\^.irfa. Shortly after the Francs and Alcmans, asthey
entered into Italy, and fell to plundering, were fet upon, ftript of all their booty,
and of 30000 Scairs 5000 returned home, the reft being conilimed by the fword
and the plague. So Italy being quieted, and Cofroes forced by many lofTesto
fuc for peace, both Rome and Conftantinople were fliaksn with earthquakes,
ao upon which follows the plague, which (wept away multitudes of people .- Injtmian
laying afidehis Crown, bellowed the money on the poore, which was wont to
be imployed on fports and playes. He made a law againft Sodomites, punifliing
them with the lofl'e of their genitals, and facriligious perfons with the lofl'e of their
hands.
Belifirius though now aged, yet was imployed againft the Huns,who had broke
in upon Cherfonefus and Greece, thefe alfo he overthrew, and ckared the Em-
pire of them. But after all his good fervices, upon fufpicion of treafon hce was
impnfoncd, feme fay hecwas forced to beggefor almes 5 but hee being found in-
nocent, was reftored to his wealth and honours,3nd two yeares after dyed in peace.
'^Qlufiiman alfo dyed thef^ime yeare, having reigned jSyeares and 7 mon-ths. In his^ ^ '3 ^;
time the fifth general! CounccU was called at Conftantinople^ in y^^'^chTheode- j^^e^^l
7US Bifliop of Mapfvefta in Cilicia, Theodorittts Bifliopof Cyprus, and /^-i«if Bi-
Ihop of EdcfTa were condemned, which had moved many dangerous difputations
favoring of Neftoria^ifm ; Origen was alfo condemned, though Figilitts the Pope
would notbcprefen^orgivchisaffent, for which caufe hee was baniihed, but re-
called by iV,ir/d'^ the Evnuch , and in his return dyed of the ftone in, Sicily. In
this Counccllalfo were condemned the two Originifts, Bidymtiszvi^ Enagrius^
for teaching that the fbules were extant before the bodies, that the ^Q^cls ftiould
bee favcd, and that the pai«ies of hell were not eternall. lujlinian occafioned
'^emuch barbaroufnefle and ignorance in his time, by converting the falaries allowed
for maintenance of fchoolcs and learning, to his owne ufe t, he fpsnr vaft fummes
JB building .• the chiefeft whereof was the Temple of S. Sophia, dedicated to the
eternall wifdome of the Father. Hee held before hee dyed, that Chrifts body was
immortall and incapable of fulfering from the time of his birth; which opinion
he forced upon all men, andbecaufe Eutychius the Patriarch of Conftantinople
would not give his alTent to it, hee wasbaniflicd, znAlehannes SchoUjlicus fubfti-
tuted in his place. In his time Da'uid an Indian king , upon a vidory hee had
over the Homeritsa people of Ethiopia, becameaChriftian,andhadaBifhopwith
fome Monkes fentinto his country, two of thefe Monkes brought home with
50 them Silk-worraes, which were before unknown to the Romans, and fo they learn-
ed to make filk ftuffcs, which they were wont to buy ready made, hitherto. As
Juftinrtf had commanded Chrifts Nativity to bee kept, {odidlupmanfejtumoc-
curfus Simeonis JTwwilHf, the purification of Mary^znd afterward Mauritius her fleep
or death.Then did the Avarcs a people of the Huns obtain from Iiiftiniait a place in
Pannonia to inhabit, upon the removing of the Longobards from thence into Ita-
ly, Gethes King of the Heruli, Gorda King of the Huns, Ahafgi and divers other
people uponTanais become Chriftians.The Sarmatians and their new King Ittlian
i^erc
104 ThefecondPartoftbe Book. 3.
■^n.Muneiiwtxt deltroyed. Tolctiim is taken byithe Francs, who plunder the Churches
v>:?'■^/"*^J thereof. The hereticks called Agnoeta' , held that Chrift knew not the day of
judt-'cmenr. Vo'^t Ag^fetm ior caWingf ujtiif tan Dtoc/etiany inthathce became
anEutychian,was fmittenonthefaccbya courtier-, fomc thinke lujlinian dyed
madde. jV.?r/^^ of the booties which heetooke from the Goths, built a Temple at
Venice to TAeo^mcw the Martyr, where now is the Church of S. Mark, kufer-
tHs Bifhop of the Francs converted the Boii or Bavarians to Chrift. The laft of- the
Confuls was BaftUm^m whom ended that honorable O^u.Childekrttts 8c his bro-
ther Clotbariiis, takes divers towns in Spain, and bring away with them the coat of
Vimentius^thc martyr, to whom they build a church in the Suburbs, now called S. ^-°
Germans.
C H A P, V I.
I. O/Juftin, Tiberius, <e;7^MaurirIus. i. of the Perfians^ Goths ^ Lengoiards.
Suevi, Jvares^ aud others of thefe times. 5. 7 he affaires of the Charch
then.
\
I>
:
Ujlinus the fecond a Thracian born, and Nephew to ^ujlinian by his daughter, ao
fuccecded^in the beginning of his reign he took off many taxes,built fair houfcs,
■and adorned the Churches. But fliortly after, being of an infirm body, hce
gave himfclfe to women and idlencfTc. Hee fold the Church livings, and by con-
nivence, permitted many injuries, till one demanding of him the Government of
the City, and wifliinghim to give way for execution of juftice, caufed a Senator
that was found guilty to be whipt, and fo the others by this puniflimcnt were af-
frighted. ^7iflm depofed Narfesh6x\o accufed by the Romans for his opprcffion,
and Longtnus is fent in his place. In whom began the Exarchat of Ravenna^thcEnif-
perors Deputies being called ExarchJ.Sophiaiht Emprefle, fcoffingly fent word to
the Ennuch, thatheefliould returneto fpin among the women. Hee returned ha"?o
this anfwer,that He rveuldfpn herfnch a thred^tts neither p^ee nor her husl>andJhould
hee able to unttvijl. Whereupon hce cals the Longobards into Italy, who under
4 5 3. o* their King AlloirsHs^ made no fcruple to exchange poore Pannonia for rich Italy,
A. e. 555. thither they came accompanyed with the Saxons and other Nations, leaving Pan-
nonia to the Huns, bnt conditionally, that if things fell not 6ut to their mindes in
Italy, ihcy might injoy againe their old habitations. This migration of the Lom-
bards intotely was prefaged by the ruffling of armed men in the ak.Narfes having
raifed the florm, forfooke Rome, and flieltrcd himfelf in Naples, Pope lehn the
third(who lucceeded Pf%w)fo]lowed after, defiring his return to Romcj but not
long after they both dyed, and left Italy as a prey to the Barbarians. In the inter- 40
im the Huns andAvarcsdid utterly extirpate the Gepidse, and the Saxons coun-
try being forfakcn, is rc-people4by the French King with plantations ofSuc-
vians.
^/^o/««j having pofTeflTed' himfelf of Gallia Cifalpina, called it Longobardia,
now Lombardie. He fpcnt 3 ycares and 6 months in the fiege of Ticinum,which
hee took,and made the feat of his kingdome, and called it by the name of Papia.
Three dukcdomes wereerefted: one called Forojulium now called Friuli, the fe-
cond at Spoletum, and the third at Beneventum. But Alboims in the 4. ycare of
his reign ended his life by drunkenneffe. He had killed forac yeares before Cuni-
mundus king of the Gepidje, whofe wife being dead ffhee was the daughter of C/<?- 50
thmus\\\z French King) He marryed with if(?//w»W4 the daughter of Cunimund.
One day at Verona in a fcaft,hee drunk to her in a cup made of her Fathers skull,de-
firing her to be merry with her Father. Shee in a rage proflitutes her body to Hel-
mjches the kings page, and to one Pm^/tf a refolute fouldier, defiring no other re-
ward but the m.urther of her husband. Upon this Albotms is murthered in his
chamber, as he was fleeping after dinner. Helmiches fiyes with adulterous Roftwund
to Longims the Exarch. Shce falling in love with another poyfoned Helmiches,z%
hee
Chap. 6. Hiftory of the World. 105
he was coming out of the bath •, he perceiving that hee was poy foned , drew his 4n. Mun/ii
fword, and forced her to drink up the reft of the potion : thus three murtherers arc Ky^y\J,
juftly puniflie^.
To ^/^^///«^ fucceeded C/^/>/;«f, who having reigned tyrannically 'i yeare and
6 months, wasmurthcrcd by one of his feivan s. After him the Longobards
chofe them Dulves,a5 they were wont. Thefefubduedagreatpartof Italy, and
made warres upon Gallia-, their lafted loyeaies, till one of them fell off to Lon-
ginus the Exarch. About tins time the peace was broken by lufiin with the Perfian
for he with held the payment of 500/. vveight of gold which hee ufed to pay to
10 Cofroes: He armed Areth^f the Ethiopian King againft the Parthians, and under-
took alfo the protedion of Armenia the greater. Martia-nts Iitjlnis Gcnerall, de-
feated the Perfian,and befieged Nifibis-, but Infim moft fool (lily took away M.tr-
tta/ius commiffion, and fubftituted Acacius as great a coward as himfelfe. This
made the Army in a rage give ©ff the fiegc, which the Perfian perceiving ^ pre-
fently Hormijda^ the ibnne oiCojroes^ fends Ardamanes with new Forces , which
far and neer wafted the Eaftcrn Empire ^ fo that ^(^^Am the wife of /«///;? (who
was now become phrenetick upon his bad fucceflej was forced to fue for peace.
/«///;? being recovered, by the advice of his wife made Tiber lus aThracian, buc
. a good fouldier, his fucceflburjto whom hee gave many wholefome admonitions,
join which hee Ihewed himfelfe a better Counfelloar, then an Emperor. And fo
grieving at his own follies and mifcarriages dyed the 1 5 yeare of his reigne. In his
time Cantabria was fubdued by the Vifigoths, who having overthrown the Sue-
vi, made Toletum their Regall Seat. In France there were civill warres between
the ioMtionntsdi Cloth anus. Two French Bilhops -S.J^/Mr/w and Salonms \vtx,t
degraded in the councell of Lyons , for arming thcmfelves like fouldiers , and
^o:rtg to the warsj but upon their appeal to Pope lohn they were reftored,yet after-
ward continuing in their lewd courles they were degraded again in the Councel of
Cabilon. Herebertus or Chunhertm^ xhcionoiLotharms or Clothanus King of
Paris,for putting his wife away unjuftly, & committing inceft with his two fifters,
^Q was excommunicated by Gfy/«rf««jBilhop of Paris, and fuddenly after dyed.
Tiberius Constantinus was made Co-emperor with Itifitn before his death, and
was crowned with his wife AnaJlafiAhy EutychiusxhtVaxvhxch. He was a juft,
mildeand bountifull Emperor, chiefly to the poore, whom ^£'/'/>'W the Emprefle
rcppoved,as being too prodigall •, he anfwers, that hee p^ould never rvMt wedlth on
earthy AS long ai hee laid H^ treajiirestn heavenby relieving the poore. For as hee
caufed a marble ftone to be taken up, on which was ingraven the crofTe , count-
ing it unchriftian like totread upon it, hee found many talents of gold buryed
there. Hee was alfo informed of the great treafure which Narfes liad hid ; with
tliis wealth he relieved the poore, and made war as^ainft the Perfians which had
40 broke in upon Armenia, and recovered all that had beejj loft under //^yi^/;?/^;; and
luftm. Cofroes being aged and grieving for his loffes dyed •, and made a Law that
no Perfian King hereafter fhould make war againft the Romans. T/^m«j having
found fuch good fervice from Mauritius in this laft Perfian warre, bcftowed his
daughter CoKftaatitta onhlm^ and having crowned them boLh,made him his fuc-
' ccffour in the Empire. He fliewed himfelfe fo gratious to the captives , that hee
fent them home without any ranfome. He releived the Romans with corn from
Egyptj when they wa-ealmoftfamilhed, and ready to furrender to the Longo-
bards, or long bearded Barbarians, who were grown very iiifolent, becaufe Tibg'
rius was wholely employed about the Perfian war.
Jo Tiberius before he was made Emperour by Itiftift^ was fent againft the Avares,
who being vexed by the Turkes their neighbours, removed from the higfier Scy- 4 4 '3 ^' ,
thia, and pafling over Caucafus, fat down upon the banks of Ifter, and threat- w<^»C' 5 ?''•
ned to takrSyrmium.In this expedition Tiberius efcaped narrowly from bein^ ta-
ken. But at laft he made peace with them. Cogams their King defired Tiberius to
fend him fome Carpenters to make baths for him after the Roman fafhion ; but
when the Carpenters came , hee forced them to build him a bridge over Danubi-
itSf that he might on all occafions plunder the Roman Provinces. T;if^/«J having
reigned
06 Thefecond Part of the ' B o o k. 3;
Jin. Mtindi reigned with ^nlt'.i^m 3 yeares and 1 1 moncths, and by himfclfe 4 yeares, dyed
\y*"y-\^ of a furfeit, eating too many mulberries. In his time PeUgita the lecond being
confecrated Pope without the Emperors knowledge, fent (7r^_^<7;7 then a Dea-|
con, to excufe him to Tiberius^ whom he could not acquaint with his confecration,
becaufe the city was befieged : then did Gregorj begin his Commentaries on
^oh ; and caufed Eutjchimihc Patriarch to renounce his Origenicall opinions.
:iuch violent Arians were in the Goths in Spain, that King Lemugildm flew his
own (onntElmingilJm^ becaufe hce forfooke the Arian herefie. Many Jewes in
his time became Chriflians. It's thought that Cofroes dyed a chriftian, and that he
fent two golden crofles, with other rich prefents to the Church of S. Sergius injo
Antioch.The remainders of theSuevi aie driven out of Spain,having leigned there
1 77 years. The Gothifli Kings who hitherto wore the fame clothes and ufed the
fame feats,that tlie Nobility ufed-, begin now to fit in a throne and to wear the re-
gall purple. One -D(7;?d^»jthen3was the firft that brought into Spain |he monafti-
• call protefiion.
A C K^ Miiimtins a Cappadocian born, fucceeds : an excellent Prince had he not been
'' ^'covetous. Having taken y^/'tw2/^»i.;r//j the Saracen in the Pcrlian war, and fent
him prifoncr to Sicfly, he had wars next with C<!?^^«rtj King of the Avares, who
bad taken Sy rmium the chief city of Pannonia,and exaded a yearly ftipend from •
the Romans. And not content with this, he fends the Sclavi to plunder and wafte 20
the Roman territor:es,whom MAuritius by his General Commentiolm fupprcfTed;
and recovered all the Roman prifoncrs , and the booty. Horm^fdas the Perfian
King flighting his fathers command, makes wars upon the Romans. Againft him
Maitriiius fends rhilifpkus^ on whom he beftowed his filler in marriage. The
Roman Army had rejcded their GenerallP/T/I-wi for his info'ency, and chofen
-Cermnnus^ but by the intreaty and eloquence ot Gregerj 5 they received Phillpfi.
tus for their Generall, who had good fuccefle againft the Medes and Perfians,buc
M'trtyrcpolii was betrayed to the Perfian by Sittu the Decuriorf, whereupon Ccm-
7ncntioius is fent in rhiliffictis his place. He overthrowes the Perfian netr Marty-
ropolis. Hormifdas being angry with Bar as his Generall,(who had fubdued the 36
Turks , and made them tributaries to Perfia)baniiheth him to Colchis,where Ba-
rai was again overthrown by Romanus Mauritius his Prstor.Upqn this Hormifdof
takes away the Generals place from him, and in a fcoffe fends him a womans gar-
ment. Baras to be revenged of this difgrace,faincs letters as from the King written
to the armies, in which he upbraided them for their cowardife & effeminatenefle,
I and withdrawes alfo a good part of their pay. Thefouldiers thinking thefe let-
ters to be reall,fwear fealty to Baroi. Bjnodoes a great man whom Hormifda had
p..t In irons was fet at liberty by his brojher i?^/j •, who feifeon tbe King, and
imprifon him. Thcfe having called a Parliament 5 condemne the* King
as unworthy of Government, becaufeofhis cruelty, and ntcdlefTe wars, befidcs^Q
his other crimes. Hereupon he is depofed, imprifoncd, and exoculated , his wife,
and fon whom he appointed his fucccflour, both put to death, and his fon Cof'
roes whom he hated is made King. This new King ufed his Father at firft very
kindely, but being exafperated by his railing language continually againft him ,
at laft commanded him to be cudgelled to death.This faft made him odious to his '
people,who fel from him to ^^r^^. Hereupon Cofroes flyes away on poft Horfes to
the Roman camp: He was received by ^robus the Patrician, and recommended to
M.tfiritws , whom he animates againft Burms, Narfes is fent with the Army, who
overthrowes Baras : befides many thoufand Perfians that were flaine, 6000 were
taken prifoners, Cofroes is reftored to his kingdome? who puts all the captives to 50
the fword, except the Turkes who are fent to the Emperour at Byzantium, and
fo in tlie 8 year o'i Mauritius a generall peace is concluded in the Eaft. But the
wars v;ith Cagams King of the Avares is not yet at an end. Many doiib'tfuU bat-
tels are rought betwixt them. And many inrodes are made by the Sclavi.But Mau-
nttti's in the 10 year of his reign removed Caganus out of Thracia by this trick.
Hcfaigned fome letters and fent them to M/a/^ the Praitor, who was then be-
fieged in acaftle by Caganm-^t wiflicth him to hold out the fiege,for the Barbarian
. lliould
Chap. 6. Hiftory of the World, i6y
fh odd be forced ro remove fuddcniy ; becaufe the Fleet which hcehad fcnt X-oJ^mnM
vvaftc his coaft, had already made great havock in his countrcy •, Chaganus ha- KJ^y^Jt
ving intercepted thefc letters, and fuppofing them to be true, raifed the fiegc and "* ~ '
marched homeward. But for 6 yeares afterthere were continual! wars-, lothat
ChagAtius fackt 40 cities of Dalmatia. Mauritius out of covctoufnefTe and the bacl
counfell of Cenmentiolus , gave way that CAgMns fliould take many of his foul-
diers prifoners, becaufe they refufed to contribute towards the charges of their
armes and clothes, yet tooke 12000 captives, whom hce offered to releafe
for a fmall fum, which Maurttms out of hatred and avarice refufed to pay. Where-
to fore Chaganns in a rage put them all to the fword,and would not depart thcncc,tilj
he had received a great (um of gold.
Mauritius was fo little fenfiblc of what he had done, that he abfolved Commen"
tiolus^ when hec was accufcd as the chief ador in this treachery , and his ac-
cufors were puniflicd 5 which fo incenfcd the people, that they flung ilones at the
Emperor as he was going to the Church. He had after this fome vidories over the
Avares. But fhortly after a Monke running with a naked fword through the
ftreets cryeth out, Ma.mit[us,fha/ljhertlyi>ek:/ledrvith the /word. A comet burned
for whole 6 moneths. At laft his heart fmote him, for the murther of the fouldi-
crs, and defired that he might be prayed for 5 In his fleep hee thought that hee
ioftood before Chrifts Tribunall, \whcrc he wsls iLskcd,rvhether /■je rvouU i>i pm/Jhed
here »r hereafter : heanfwcred^f^-tfZW, and fo he was by Phocat r, of whom he
undcrftood by Philippicus^ that he was a rafli young fellovy, but unconfiderable ,
and a coward-, then (aid Maimttus : if a coward^ then a murther er. This F hoc as was
3 Centurion, he had been Yeoman of the ftirrop to Tnfcus the Patrician; but
now a great ftickler againft Jkf4«n>/«5 his government. Whoufedhis army un-
difcreetly and rigidly, abridging them of their pay-,and refufing to let them have
any provifion but what they Ihould take from the enemy, and therefore willed
them to take up their Winter quarters among the Slavonians. Upon this the
Army did mutiny, and lifting up p^^r^zf on a Target, as the cuftome was, they
go falute him Emperour 5 Peter Maunttm his brother who had charge of the Army is
forced toflye. In Conftantinople they would ha-vcm^dcTheodofius the fon of
Mauritius ^oxe\(e Theodofius his hthet inhw Germanicus Emperor-, but Mauri-
tius had already imprifoncd Philippicus who marryed his own filler, upon fuipi-
cion. He cudgelled his fonne. Germanicus took fandtuary in a Church, whence
Mauritius would have pulled him out, but the uprore fo incrcafed , that hee is
driven our of the City; Phoc2s is xcctixtd^ who having, fworne to maintaine
the Orthodox Religion, is crowned by C/ri<fc«j the patriarch. 5 day es after j\f4»-.
ritius is purfucd by Phecas and taken at Chalcedon,where hee fell fick. In the
prefence of Phocas^Mauritius his two younger fonnes are flain, then his 3 daugh-
i|o terSj at laft Conllantina their mother and daughter oiTiberius^ though fome write
that the mother and 3 daughters having taken fanduary, were not beheaded, till
5 yeares after. Brt Mauritim having feen the execution of his fons,and his ownc
at handjCries out : ^ufi art thou 0 Lerd^ andrighteotts are thy judgements : and fo
fubmittcd his neck to the fword. After their heads were cut off, their bodies were
left on the fliore for the gazing objeds of the people ; but at laft they were bury-
cdin the Church by a certain Eunuch. Theeldcft fonne Theodofius ■vjs.s fled to
the Perfians by his Fathers advice : but he was fo eagerly purfued , that he was
overtaken, and by a command from phocas^ flain alfo. Shortly after Germanus
is killed, and his daughter the wife of Theodofius ; and at laft all that had any re- 4 j y 2;
^C^ation to Mauritius even his youngeft child of all, vi^hich was but an Infant , ^^ C". ^02.
and whom the Nurfc would have faved , by oftering her owne to death ,
which Mauritius refufed. He reigned 20 yeares, three moneths, and fome odde
dayes.
In his time the Saxons being weary of the Longobards Government, returned to
then: own countrey, which was now poflcffed by the Suevi ^ between whom there
arofe fuch a quarrell about the removing of the Sueves; that aoooo were killed.
5"he Lombards after they had bin ruled 10 years by DukeSjtheychofe them a King
whom
7o8 ~~ Thefecond Fart of the Book. 5/
M«Wiwhom they named Flavius^ becaufcthis was an honourable name among the
S^y'\r\j Romans ^ on him they conferred the halfe of their goods, that hee might main-
taine the greater ftate. Mauritim hired Childebertm the French King , to op-
pofe him , which caufed great troubles in Lombardy. Such inundations
of waters tliere were in Italy, that Tibris overflowed thewals, a great Dragon
fwimmed through the city downe towards the Sea, upon which followed the
plague, whereof Pope ?ciagim dyed .- this ficknefle lafted many yearcs. Grego-
riui is made Pope ; who by letters defired Mauritim not to confirm this eleftion,
but this honour was forced on him ^ and not without caufe was he called ^^^4/, if
we confider either his dOiSrine, or life. Hee appointed Litanies againft thati©
plague, which fwepc away in an houres fpace 80 people. Gregory fcnt Anftm
with fome other Monks to inftruft the Saxons in the Chriftian Faith, who had
now been fctled 150 yeares in England. Antioch 61 yeares after the former
earthquake was fhaken again, in which there dyed 60000 people. Gregory Biihop
of that City was ftrangely prcferved, for no fooner was he gone out of the houfe,
but itimmcdiately fell down: 5?^(3//« Patriarch of Byzantium affumfd the title of
Oeaimenicull Bifhop ; which Antichriftian pride in him Gregory ftiarpely reproved.
In Spain RicAredm the fonnc of King LibHigildui who killed his fon for being a
Catholick, drove the Arian hertfie out of Spain, and obtained the title of Catho-
lick King. He overthrew doooo French, who had broke in upon Spain. Hee^a
was both a good and fortunate Prince, who having reigned 1 5 years dyed at To-
letum. Sucn was the ignorance of that age, that neither the Latin tongue at Con-
ftantinople, nor the Greek at Rome was underftood. chilperkus King of France
was flaine by his fubjefts, at the perfwafion of his wife Fredegunda^ for his
cruelties, and herefics ^ a Synod of dz Biihops in Toledo is held againft Arianifm.
With Rcligion,learn!ng flourifhed in thefe South parts of England , till Charles
the gvcat, who fent for Beda'^ fcholars hence to teach in France and Italy. The
Slavi fet themfclves in Iftria and Dalmatia,which from them is called Slavonia :
Gregory calls himfelfe the fcrvantof fervants. He introduceth many ceremonies,
fets up divers Monafteries,one in his own houfe,and fix in Sicily,and fends abroad 3^
many Apoftles to preach the Goi^W.Columhmui out of Ireland preachcth to the
Pids.
Chap. VH.
The affairs of the Empire under Phocas and Heraclius, 2. Of Mahomet md
the Saracens. 3 . of the Church and divers Forraign fafages of thefe times,
P Hoc as who murthered his Mafter, and by fedition y got the Empire, by ty-^g;
rannymaintainesit. But not long-, for hee tyrannifed not much above 7 '
--. ^.w**. yeares. That Army of his which murthered i\/^«m/«if is ovcrthrowne by
C of roes. And hee who cut off the head of his Mafter, had Iiis own head itt laft cue
off with his armes and genitals. Not onely he, but the whole Empire fuffcrs, for
his cruell paricide. The Perfians fubduc Phenicia, Syria, and PaLeftina , they
waft Galatia, Paphlagonia, and Cappadocia. In Europe the Avarcsoverrunnc
Thracia,and kill every where the Roman Legions. In Antioch the Jews murther
the Chriftians, and among the reft ^»4///i/?w their Patriarch, whofc body they
burned. The J ewes for thefe outrages are condemned to lofe firft tlieir geni-
tals, then their heads. Phocas was a notorious drunkard, who being taxed by fome jgi
for that vice, ragcth on the people murthering multitudes of them : but tyranny
is (hort- lived : therefore HeracLttts Govcrnour of Afric, enters into a league with
Fnfcus and Gregor/ii Patricians, that hee who firft did difpatch Phocas^ fliould be
Emperour. Heraclins the fonne of this Heraclius.^ by a Flee t of Ships obtaines
Conftantinople. Photius a Noble man,whofe wife Phocas had abufcd,breakes into
ihe i alacCjAings down Phoc/ts from his thrown,lays him in Irons, and brings him
10 Heraclius^ who kicking him with his heels, caufed his genitalis with which he
abufecli
C- H A p. 7. Hijiory of the fVdrid .
10^9
abufcd fo many women to be cut off, and at laft his head • Ibme fay he was burned Jn. Mimdi
in a brafle furnace. It's remarkable that of all F/jocas his Army,which confented to v-<^'^/^%-''
the death of Mauritius , there are but two left alive , ih lefle then 8 yeareS
fpice.
Caganus King of the Avarcs enters Lombardy,kiIIs Gifuiphiis^ king Agiluhhus
hisGcnerall,andbefiegethForojuluim,andtakcsitby the treachery oC Romildit
the wife c^Gifnlfhus, to whom hee promifed marriage. Cagams hating the trea-
chery and leachery of Romildd^ performed his promUe for one nlglit , and lay
with hetjthen he delivered her to the luft of his fouldieis , who having] abufcd
jphcr, thruft a long pole through her. But her daughters more mbdeft then the
mother, prefervcd their chaftity, by keeping in their brefts the fleili of chijckens,
which putrefying with heat, fo ftunk that no louldier could come neer them, who
thought that all tht women of Lombardy had fmelled thus ranck. About this
time the Sclavi fliake off the tyrarinicall yoke which the Huns and Avares { now
called by one name Hungarians jhad laid on them-, and made one Sitrhon a French
'Merchant their King, under whom they defeated the Huns in abatcell. Ag-.hlphis
Duke of Talirinum in Lombardy is chofen King by Theudolinda (the widow of
the former King Autharus ) whom (Ik marryed,and made a good Chriftian ^ het
Gregory had by his letters feafoned with the Catholick Religion. This King made
JO peace with France, and with the Exarch5& caufed al Church Lands to be reftored-,
whicKhad been taken away. In Spain r/Y/mr/xf obtained the kingdomd by mur-
theringthe fonne oiRecmdui the former king, and he himfelfe in the 7 year of his ''' -*
reignwasmuitheredby hisown fubjedsat a feaft. Gindemara.s xh^x. followed
reigned 2 yeares, and Hefibuttts his fucceflbur 8 ycares. Pope Gregory dyed the 2
yearc of Phocas^ to whom fuccceded Sabimanm^^md. after him, 'Boniface the third;
who obtained of Phocof ^thax Rome lliotild be thehcad of all other Churches. He
was willing to comply with the Pope, kriowing how conducible this was to his af-
faires-, ^w«/{fff the third, 8 months after this dyed, to whom (uccccdcdBsr/rface
the fourthjwho turned the Pantheum dedicated of oM to all the Gods,t6 a Church'
3 o dedicated to lUry and all the Szims.Cofrees took Jerufalcm from the Romans and
carryed away the C rofle to Pcrfis with many thoufand Chriltians. About thefc
times the ufe of clocks and bcls was found out.Thc Roman government was quite
extuiguiflied in Spain by Sefwutuj King there
HcracUtu a Patrician,and fonne of Heraclian or Heraclius Governour of Africa, 4 5 8 p^
is made Emperour by the Senat and Army. He with his wife Fabia Bndoxiawctc ^'C.6ipl
aowned by 5fr^/«^ the Patriardi. Heindeavourcdfirft to make peace with the
Periian, but could not, except he would rejed Chrift and worlliip the Sun. In
the interim the Jewes infult over the Chrittians^having boUght from Cofroes their
conqueror ^0000 of them, which ihey barbarouily murrhered. Jerufalem bc-
40 ing taken ^ the Pcrfiansfeifenextupon Alexandria, Egypt, and Libya, fubduing
all to Ethiopia, about the 6 yeare oiHeraclim^ and in the 7 they tookc Caithac^c:
and at the fame time C4|4»w was pillaging Thracia. At the fame time alfo Jo-
hannes LmigiM fucceflbur to Smar.igdns in the Exarchat, and after him Eleuthe-
rius for their tyranny in Italy are flaine by the ibuldiers. Heraclius who could not"
mdic peace with Cofroes^ makes it with Caganusz, and fo removes his European
Armies totheeaft.- Exhorting them to remember thewTohgs done to Chrifti-
anity by C(;y;/7fj.T hey firft enter Armenia, and dcfcar5j(v«r«j the enemies Ge-
nerall there. In the 13 year of his reign he marcheth through the heart of.'PerCa,
killing many thoufand of Perlians,and overthrowing their groves, and fire which
sothey worfliipped. He had fo many captives,that in Albania where he wntered, he
fuftered 5 coco to efcape.
About this time appeared jV/.i^okb^? the Saracen, being left a poor orphan, he'^v^-^J*
marryed his rich miftrefle C/W/^j, whom hec made beleevc that his falling fick-
ncflewas butaconfternationof his mind, proceeding from the fight of the An-
gel Gabriel^ who ufcd to appear to him: which lye was confirmed by .S^rf/wj the
Monk, who was banillied out of Byzantium for his Neftorianifmjby whofe help
and ofanimpoftor Jew, hee compiled a gallimafry of crrours out of Chriftianj
L Jewi/b
^,jo ThefecondVaruftbe ^^^?-
<. "I^^^^J^J^vifti and Heathenifli writers, which he called Alcoran, wherein hce denyes
I Chrifts Divinity, and the Trinity -, approving Circumcifion and Polygamic. Of
this abfurd and impious book I have fpoke, in my caveat againft the Alcoran. He
was forced to flye from Mecha-, being in danger to lolehis hfe for his errours.
This flight the Arabians callHegira,thatis, thepcrfccution/rom whence they
compute their yeares. Cofroes mad at the fuccellc of Heraclms , plunders all
the Chriftian churches of his Dominions, and forces them to embrace Neftori-
anifm, already profeffed by the Armenians and Georgians. Hce invites the Bul-
garians, Avarcs, Gepid.'Bjand Sclavi to invade Conftantinople. Herarcliiis hear-
^A,C.6z6t'^^a of thisjcallsin the Chazari or Turkesto the number of 40000. Byzantium lo
is befieged by the Barbarians, who ten dayes after were forced to flye. Heracltus
marchethastarreas Nmive, where he dcfeates the enemie, kills Ra:(4tes their
Gencrall, and many of their prime men.Cofroes (huts himfelf up in Scleucia,and
fends Spar tar ins to ^iWchardarigas^ who with Sarharush^Kgah. Chalccdon,
bccaufc hec fufpeded that hce entertained correfpondence with Heractius. This
bufinclfe of killing Chardarigas was difcovcrcd, at which the Pcrfians were dif-
contcnted, and the rather bccaufc C<)/r<)fircfufcd to hearken to any peace with
C^fpr. G«W^^«W4j a Colonell to 54^4rw revolts to the Romans ; many of the
Commanders fals off to Siroes the Kings cldefl fonne, whom he meant to dif-in-
hcrit, 3.n6.iocta\vn Mer daces hisfon, by another venter. Upon this Heraclws^o
and Siroes conclude a peace •, wherein it was agreed that all places and captives
4598. fhould be reftored. Siroes the new chofcn king purfucs his father , overtakes
A,C,62%»^^^^ inhis flight, and laycs him in irons, then (hewing him his gold and jewels?
which he had bought at fo deare a rate from the Romans, by the loffc of fo much
blood, he left them with him to feed upon, for he was was kept 5 days without
food ; then having fccn Merdaces whom he defigncd for his fucceflTor, with his
other fonncsmuithcred before his face, by Syroes commmd he wasfliotto dcatfr
With arrowes, and fo he loft both his crown affd life by the Romans-, of whom he
had received both. Thus the captives & plunderings being reftored on both fide%.
the Crolfe and Zacharias Bifhop of Jerufalem,then a captive,wcre reftored. W^frrf- so
<:/;«j in the 7 year ofthiswar,returncd in a triumphant chariot to Jcrufalem bear-
ing theCrofl'e in his hand; upon this was inftituted the fcaft of the exaltation of
the Croife.
Heracltus underftarding by the Aftronomcrs that his Empire fhould bee laid
waft, by thofc of the circumcifion ; he thought the Jews had been meant, and
not the Saracens : wherefore hce forces them to embrace the Chriftian profeffi-
on j and thofe that rcfufed he baniflied out of his Dominions,commanding them
not to come within 3 miles of Jcrufalem. The fame was done by Sijebutus in
Spaine, and by Dagokertus the French King in Francc,againft the Jews, of whom
divers joined themfelvcs with i^i<»Ao»?f^, fuppofing him to be their Meffias , tillA<j
4602. jj^gy c^^ him feed upon Camels flefli, and then they fell from him again. Ma-
A. C.o^'itfjgj^^f having in 9 yeares fpace inlarged his Dominion by force and craft, his
wives made him away : hec dyed being 40 yeares old, the 2 2 year of Heradiust
His ftinking carcafTe whichhad lain 3 dayes on the ground unburyed, was put
in a^n iron cheft, and fent to Mecha. Hce promifed his Difciples he would riffe
again the third day, but forgot it. The Saracens fouldicrs who had ferved un^
cicr Heracltus^ were flighted by one of Heracltus his Eunuchs, who had charge
to pay them their arreares, but hce paid them with ill language, calling them
dogs, fo being incenfed for want of their pay, and with ill words, theyftirreup
the whole Nation of the Saraccns,being accuftomcd to robbing,againft Heracltus. yo
Thefe under Abuhecher their leader, Mahomet's kinfman, take Gaza, and the paf-
fages of Mount Sinai,being a while refiftcd by the Govcrnour of Cicfarca Pale-
ftina, two yeares after Abttbecher dyed ^ Hemar fucceeds. Who fell upon
Arabia, and tooke the city Bozra, then drove Theodorus HeracliHshxshxoxhttxa
Edeffa.
//^rrf<r//«^ fends an Army of 40000 under Theodorus Sacellarius and Bahants^
againft tj;i^ Saracens, SacelUrius^z.% firft deleated, then £4^rf»w having the dif-
advantage
Chap. 8. Hifloryofthe iVorlL Uj '
advantage of ground, andthcwinde which drove the duft in his face. Honn^r k[. AniJEwiii
feth upon Damafcus, then upon Phenicia. Thence he falls upon Egypt and makes W.^^'V^^.
it tributary. In the 26 year of Heraciius hce fits down before Jcrufalem , and iri
two years fpace takes k.JoSophoftfus the Bi(liop,and to all the Chriftians of Pale-I
ffinahe promifed fecurity. In the 28 year o^ Heradtus Antioch is taken, Muh'it
was is made Amaras or Prirtor of Egypt, as far as Euphrates. Then Nya/i/fii
another of their Generalls takes Edefla, Dara?, and Mcfopotamia. The ntxt yeare
they enter Perfia where king^J^m;- was dead, having reigned one yc^u Hormihas
fucceeded, whom they defeated and put to flight, and took the three daughters of
10 Cofroes prifoners, with all the kings wealth and furniture, and fo in a Ihort time
fubdued the Eaff , and conquered the Perfians, calling them Saracens now from
Sara Abrahams wife. Heraciius being grieved at this great fucccfle of the Saracens 4 *^ ' ^°
or Hagarcns rather, dyed of an hydropfic, having reigned 3 1 yearesi His.inceftu-^"^'<^4^?
ous marriage with Martine his brothers daughter, and his bereticall prcfefiion, in
holding there was but one will and operation in Chrift, as Sergius Bifhop of Con-
ftantinople, and Cyrtfj of Alexandria had taught him, were thecaufes ofthefe
miferies which fell on the Empire. Martina his inceftuous widow having poyfoned
kr fon in law Cenjlamine the third, after he had reigned 4 months,not without the
knowledge of Bifhop 5frj-/«j undertakes the Government. But having ruled halfe
20a yeare, fhcc was condemned by the Senat to have her tongue cut out, and her fort
Heraclionas to loofe his nofe, and both to be hmihtd.Confians the (onoi Confiaw
tine and nephew of Her4t://»j obtained the Empire. Pyrrhns the Patriarch who fuc-
ceeded SergiHs, upon a fedition raifed againft himjfled to Africa,to whom fuccee-
ded Paul.
About thefe times Edrvin king of Northumberland was chriflned by Paulims,
whoCe fucceflbur ofwaldus propagated the Gofpell farther in thofe parts. Ifaaeius^c^^'tmA ]
Exarchat of Ravenna robs Pope H<?yo«w of his treafurcs. One Mmritinskee^et^'^^^^'
of Records, aiming to be king of Italy, is by this Ijaacius apprehended and (lain.
In Lombardy Rgtharis fucceeded Ariobaldus^ who fct down in writing the Laws
3 oof the Lombards 77 yeares after their comming into Italy. Muchavms the Sara-'
ccn after 7 yeares fiege took C^farea Paleffina. In France irunchilide the
Queen mother of Childericus who had caufed much effufion of bloud, by fet-
ting the French kings at variance among themfelves,and had been the death of ten
kings, was by king Lotharius of France condemned to lofe one foot and one arm
then to be tyed to the tail of an unruly horfe, and torn in funder.To Lotbarius iwc-
ccedcd Dagohertus in Auftrafia,Neuftriaand Burgundy, His other fonne Ari'
^a/«J fucceeded in Aquatania. iJ»jPfr^«^ or iff ^f^/«j Bifhop of Woormsfirft,then
of Ratisbone converted Jheedon Duke of Bavaria to the Chriflian faith 5 Lupus l^i^ gj^
being banifhed by Xi)M4r/«jbaptizeth Duke ^f/t'w in Auftria. TheNeftorian he-fliop. *
'4orefieby means of C^/r^Jw fpreads far in the Eart, and continues to this day, whofe
Patriarch refides in Mozall or Seleucia of the Parthians.
Pope Bmiface the fifth made Sanduaries of Churches and Altars •, fo did Ho^
norius and Theodofws long before. The Jacobites fo called from ^aeob the Syri-
an increafe much. Pope Henorius the firft in the 4 Councell of Toledo is excom-
municate and degraded by the Bifliops. T he Wcfl Saxons are converted by the
preaching of Berinus ; fent thither by Pope Honor lus. Severus a Bifhop in Spain
is martyred. Chilenus a Scotch man converted to the Faith the Atrebates or
people of Arois, about Arras. The Univcrfity of Cambridge was txtStcd by
King Sigebert^ or as fomc will have it repaired or fnlarged by him , but founded
5oby Cantaher King of Spain many yeares before, when hte lived here in exile. Cyrus
the lafl Bifhop of Alexandria fave one, a Monotholit, paid to the Saracens for 3
years an annual! penfiori, and fo long Egypt in joyed freedome of religion^but when
Heraciius refufed to allow it the Saracens fubded it. Heraclms was the latt ele-ftivc
Empcrour •, after him it became hereditary .The Saracens feife on Perfia,which bad
continued in the race o^ Artaxerxes 41 3 years',that is from Artahanus the laft Par-
thian king till //(Jrw^?/*/^^ 2. the laft Perfianking.I><«^<'^fr/»f king of France erefts
many Monafteries and Churchesj hee covered S.i>e«/?ftf with filvcrjand made the
L 2 Duke
J 12 ThefecondPartofthe Book. 5.
"^Jlft Mttndi Dwlicoi Bfitany doe him homage. RothArifkin^o^ Lombardy placed in every
I dhurch two Bifhops, an Orthodox and an Arian,which occafioncd much mifchicf
and tadions. In Italy Sof^hrotfitis was the laft Bifhop of Jerufalem. From hence
till the year 1 100 that it was recovered by the Chriftians, it there were any be-
tween they were only titular. Pope Severmus fate in the chairc a year two months .'
his luccefrour^(»)&» the fourth lyeare 9 months, to him fuccceded rheodorusot
rheodoftus6 ycares 5 months. Pope ^ohnhy his letters reproves the Scots for
their Pelagianirm,& undue obfervation ofEaftcr- Peter vizs, the laft real Bilhop of
Alexandi ia ; for now after the Saracens had got it, the Bifhops were but titular: the
Saracens make Babylon the feac of their lcingdom,which before was in Damafcus- 10
they call their chief Vuncc,Amiras or Calipbas^thit is zfacce(jour; bccaufe Ebubc'
^ar was the firft Caliphas or fwcceffourof Mabemet^ the Governours of their Pro*
vinccsjthey name Sultans^
Chap. VIII.
The affaire of the Empire under Conffans f^^/^f o»^,Conftantine the fourth, Ju-
ftinian thefecond^ Philippicus Bardanes, Anattafius thefeeoftd, and Theodo-
fius the third, a . The affatres of the Saracens^ Longobards ^Spa/siards^FrefJch^ 2?
and others. 3. The affaires of the Church ix> that time.
4^12^ ^^ Onftam the fccond fon of Cenftamine the fecond fuccceded. He was a Mo-
AtC,6^1t ■ nothchfC,and a pcrfecutor of Orthodox men. f>y Theodorus Caitiep at the
^^ Exarch^Pope Martin was fcifed upon, and fent to this Cottfians who banifh-
ed him into Cherfona where hce was flarved to death, becaufc he condemned the
Monothclites in a Synod held by him-, in whofe chair he fet up Eugenius. He mur-
thcred his brother Jheodofius, though a Clergy man , with the horrour of which
murther he was fo affrighted in his ffecp (for he dreamed that his brother prefented
him with a cup full of bloud) that he refolved to transfer his feat from thence to 319
Rome,faying,f /"e Mother deferves more honour then the daughter, but he was difTwa-
dcd by his wife,children, & fricnds.Yet he went over into Italy,and made war upon
Kemoaldus king of the Longobards •• from whom hce tooke fome towns in Apulia,
and was fet down before Bencvcntum 5 but hearing that Grimoaldus Piincc there-
of was comming to raife the fiegc, Cafar removed to Naples, and there being
beaten by JZtf»»o<i/^«J he marchcth to Rome. Pope r/>4//4»w with all the Clergy
and people met him, A cloak interwoven with gold was by ConJia>7s prefented to
S. Peter which hee had better been without. For C<efar robbed the Churches and
City too of all their braffe ornaments, for 1 2 dayes together, and ftript the Pan-
theon that was covered with braflc, then he laid heavy taxes upon Sicily,Calabria,40
Sardinia,andAfric,and who did not pay, had cither their wives or children taken
from them. So that he was laden with the curfes of the Sicilian women, and un-
der this burthen hce dyed, being ftifled in a fcalding bath the 27 ycarc of his
reign,
4 ^i9' In the 1 1 year of Cenfims his Empire there rained afhcs, upon which followed
A. C. 6^9. a cruel plaguc^a Ghoff was fcen to knock at mens doors, and as often as he knocked
fo often there dyed fome cut of that houfe ; a year before his dczth^Sapor Govcrn-
our of Armenia who revolted to Muhaviof had his brains daflicd out againft a wall
by his horfe.In his time Homar having built a Mofcu at Jerufalem was ftabbed by a
Perfian, to whom fuccceded Hormanus^ who defeated Gregory the Patrician in A- jo
frica, having rebelled aeainft Confians, and fo impofed a tribute on that part of
Africa. ThenextyearwhichwasthefeventhofCtfwj?4;?j Muhavias in a Fleet of
1700 Ihips invaded Cyprus and took Conftantia the Metropolif of that Ifland. He
conquered alfo the Ifland Aradus after much oppofiition. Conftantinople was
delivered froma (iege by two fonnes of accrtainTrumpeter,whobroke their prifon
doorcs,ilewvl/»i><jj and fet the Fleet on fire, but Muhavias prepared a new Fleet
/ with which hce beat Conffantines ncct Phenice a harbour of Lycia, the Sea was
dyed
Chap. 8. Hiflory of the IVorkl. uT~*
died with the Roman bIoud,the Emperor was fain ro difguife hirtifelf in a poor ha- An. Mundl
bit,and fo efcaped.Then alfo did the Saracens fubdue tbc^Itlc of Rhodes, and in it v-</'V"VJ>
break down the Coloflus ot the Sun^which a certain Jew boui^hr. The braffe of
that (tatue loaded 900 Camels.
Shortly after this the Saracens fell out am.ong themfelves. Some o^ them fol-
lowed iv/rt/;»wW, feme Aly Mah omct s (on'mhw ^ who called himfclfe the true
Prophet, faying, ihatthe AngellC^/^r/V/ wasfenttohim, and not to Mahomet'
b>it by a miftake. Mtihavias during this divifion was humbled, and content to pay
a yeerly penfion to the Empcrour, which afterward when things were Ictled he re-
10 fufed to pay. He fubdued Haly and his fadtion, by intercepting the waters fo that
being tormented witji thirft they fubmited in the 1 5 yearc of Cor.ftance. Pope ri-
talunus brought the ufe of Organs into the Church, Ei.'gms Biflinp of Novio ntd'
glim converted Flanders to Chrift, Zechitts a Croatian, by birth a Sclavonian ha»
ving committed murther at hom.e,fled into Bohemia, and there planted. His'bro-
ther ifff^Aij planted in Polonia, fo called from jpo/^ which ir. Sclavonic ficrnifies a
plain or champion countrey. The pofferityofz^'f /»//// planted Moravia and Lu-
fatia. But RufliaandPomeraniawere peopled by the children of LechHs.Sii^eber-
tus in France, fearing hee fhould be childleflc made HHdebert fon of Gnmnaldus
his fucceflour. But beyond hope having pot a fonne, whom he called Dagohert
20 hee commits the care of him to Grimoaldus , and then dyed. Crimoaldus havin<j
fliaved X><J^<?^^r/ fent him into Scotland, and made his own ronnc/////^f^frrkin<^
The French hating this treachery, fueshim bdoxc^C/odoveiits, who imprifoned
hira, thruftsout HiUehert, and kts aphis own {onnc Hi/Jencus Kino of the Au-
flrafii. Clodeveius fpoiled all the Sepulchers of the Martyrs,of their wealth, which
his Father Dagobert had beftowed on them 5 and diftributes all to the poore. But
to make amends hee exempts the Monaftery of St. D^w«>neer Paris which his
Father had built,from the lurifdidion of the Bifliops. To him fucceeded Bbrmus-
about this time the French Kings growing diflbluteandcarelcfle, left the mana^
ging of the kingdome 10 the Govcrnours of the Palace. Homar ordained that e^
30 very month the Alcoranihouldberead. A\omonihtiomihhom.MAhometxn\\zh.
weakened the Empire. 7heodifcHs a Greek Billiop of Hifpalisor.Sivill, was un-f
bifliopped for corrupting Ifiodores workes, wherefore he becomes an Arabian he-
retick, indeteftationofthiswickedocffc, the primacyof the Church of Spaine is
tranflated from Hifpalisto Toledo. Eugenitts the firfl, ordained that Bifliops
fliould have peculiar prifons for Delinquent Clergy men. Cindafiihidus king of '
Spain, repairestheChurches which were demoliflied by the hercticks Peter'^uc
cecdeth to Paul in the feat of Conftantinople. To Pope Bttgenius who fare almoft
3 yeares fucceeded Vitalitis who was Pope 14 years :• from the firit year oiclvta-
nw/jwhich was the 66z yearc of Chriftjtillthe 750 which is about 90 yeares , ta
40 wit, till tipn the Father oi Charles the Great ,thc Major Demus or Steward of the
Kings houfe managed the kingdome, the kings themfelves taking their pleafures,
arid prefenting themfelves to the people but once a year. The Saracens under Mu*
havias (7/:{4«/ expelled the Romans and Vandals out of AfricajPope Adeodattts fuc-
ceeded to Vitalius^zndi fate 4 yeares.
Confiantims the.4"* called Pegomtus from his great beard which he wore when he 4 <^ 3' P* '
returned from Sicily, whither he went to revenge his Fathers death, was made Em- AjC.66g!»
peror in his Fathers time. He overcame & flew Me^entins the Armenian whom the
Sicilian Legions had faluted '^xVi'ptxox.Confi amine the Patrician,and al that afJifled
Me^fftfHs were taken by the help of Theodorus Calliof/a the -E.v^rf^,andpunifhed :
50 the Eaftern Princes, would h2.-vchzdTiberinsznd Heraclius Conftanmes twobro^
therstobe crowned, dcfiring a Trinuy of Govcrnours on earth, as there was in
heaven. Cenjlantine making fliew as if he affenredjfent for thefe Princes and flew
them as feditious perfons, and made his brothers uncapable of the Empire,by cut-
ting off their Nofcs. The Saracens in the mean rime wafte Africa,and cook ^oooa
prifoners. They take alfo Syracufe , they beficged Byzantium 7 yeares in which
time they loft many fliips and men,and were at lull forced to return home,in which'
return they lofl by afuddcnftorra all their but this lofle they repaired, and
' ■ '' L 3 fliorrly
1X4 ThefecondFanofthe Book. 3.
'J;} Mmdi(i^on\y:ikctthcy loft their fliips again, by the invention of Callinietis the Mathc-
v.,tf;^^/-<feJ inatician, who by a new invented ^xt cz\\c& Marimis or Gr^cus^ which burned in
the water, confumcd them all, with thcloffe of 30000 men. This fire from Callt-
mttf the Gr.-ecian is called Gr^iTK^- but indeed before this the Romans made bals
of fire which would burn in the water. The Saracens had alfo another lofle by the
Mardaitsin Mount Libanus • they made them fue for peace, which was granted
for 3oyeares, paying yearly during this time 3000/. weight of gold, 50 men,
and fo many of their beft horfes to C'cfar. Upon the report of this peace, C^fars
European enemies, fearing left their countreys might be made the feat of warre,
by prefents and intrcaties, obtained alfo peace of the Emperour; the ycarc fol- ^^
>4. C. 67P. lowing there was a great Earthqualce, a forerunner of the Bulgarian eruption
cut of Scythia upon the lower Myfia not farre from Byzantium,callcd from them
Bulgaria, and this from the river Bolga, whofe fprings arc trom the lakes of Mo-
fcovia .• againft thcfe ConfimtiHe marcheth with an Army,which made the Bulga-
rians keep themfelves within their trenches. This war was like to hold; C<«//?r be-
/ ing troubled with the Gour,went to the baths ot Mefembria,a city in Thracia. His
fouldiers thinking that hee had fled tor fear, began all to fly.which the enemy per-
ceiving,purfued and killed multitudes of them ; and fubduedthe Sclavonians-,Co»-
jlantme was forced to pay them a tribute , that they might not annoy the Roman
tcrritories.About this time dyed A/a<:/74a;//«3 Prince of the Saracens, to whom fuc-so
cecdcdiiis fon Gi'^tdus.
C OK fiantins cart now '^as , having peace abroad, to quiet all controverfies In
4653^ the Church alfo : therefore cals a Synod at Conftantinople of 280 Bifliops.This
A,C,6B0t was thefixtOff«»;f»/w//Councell,in which the five former were confirmed, and
the Monothelites condemned for hcrcticks : among which were Sergius^ Pyrrh»s,
Cyrus ^ Paulus^ Petrus 2nd Poipelietiorius^ who lived in the timeof//'fr4f//«j. But
fome excufe him in that he held there were not in Chrift two contrary wills. Thee^
f banes the Abbot was made Biftiop of Antioch. Alexandria and Jcrufalcm, fent
no Bidiops, bein^ow in the pofTefTion of the Saracens. Pope J^atho his Lc-
gats had the chief place in the CounccU next the Emperour. Who eafed Rome of 30
the money which was wont to be paid to the Emperour, for the Popes ordinationj
but conditionally jthat the Pope fiiould not be confccrate without the Emperors de-
cree. The Bifliop of Ravenna is commanded to receive his ordination from Rome,'
which hitherto he neglcded, prefuming on the grcatneffe of the Exarchs.
In Confiantins time Partharis king of the Longobards, after the death ofGrL
rnoaldfis is called home from his baniftment, and is made King. Bamba King of
Spain, having reigned 10 years with great commendation, and after hee had fub^
dued the Saracen Pyrats on the Coaft, became a Monk, Hildericus or childeri.
f«Jtnc French King, for caufing 5c^.'/<? a noble man to be whipped, was with
hiswifc great (with child) killed by this 5<'/^//(>, as hee was hunting; and fo Theo-/^o
^or/V«j,whohadbecnthruftinto a Monaftery, was called to the Scepter. To
^^f^^4f «; fucceeded D<?»;«aj who was Pope five yeais, his fuccclTour was Agatho
who fate two yeares. Under him began the fixt gencrall CounccU held in Conftan-
tinople, but it ended under Pope Leo the fecond,who fare not above i o moneths.
At this Synod the Popes Legat celebrated theMalTe in the Latin tongue bcr
* fore the Emperour and people in the great Church of S.^i?;'^;^ in Conftantino-
ple. In this Synod the Monothelits were confuted out of the writings of the Greek
and Latin Fathers.
C<«/4>-M Queen of Pcrfia with her husband and4opoo Perfians are baptized at
Conftantinople. This Pope Leo brought into the mafTc the holy kifle or of- 50
iukw pads. In Spain to Baffiha fucccedcd Erwgitis- in that time Maildulphus a
a Scotchman, was a famous profcflbur of Greek and Latin tongues in England,
To Leo fuceeeded Benedict the fecond, who was Pope 10 moneths, who fent
Chihams to preach the Gofpcll in Germany, chiefly in Franconia. His ficcef-
four ^ohan the fifth, was Pope i year. He ordained that the Pope (hould bee con-
fccrared in the Church of Lateran by the Biftiops of Oftia,Portunus,and Vclircr-
mim, which cuftomc yet continues, whereas before, he was only carried to St.
Petert
C H A p. 8 . Hiftory of the World. ^u^
Peters chaire where hce fate while Ahdmtelech King of the Saracens, iccov&ts 4»' Mtmdl
Pcrfia,Mcfoporamia, Armenia,and Hircania, having overcome his two enemicSjMa- Vy'VX/
JiAr in Pcrfis^and Said in Mefopotamia. Conon in the Popeclouie fiiccecded to Ioh»,
and fate 1 1 months. ConflAittine reigned 17 yeares.
^j'UpniAn the^econd fucceeded Confiantine, fon of Anajiafta the EmprefTe. He 4 ^ ^ ^*
by Leontttis his Generall fubducd divers Nations in the Eaft, whilefl: the Saracens A* C. 696,
were at difterence among them fel ves .■ for ^^^w^/ff A had great warres with the
Kings of Perfiaand Arabia, whom he fubdued, and fo ht put an end co the Ma-
humetan civill warre, In the 5 year ot ^njitmiw^ with whom the Saracens made
10 peace, by rcftoringto him Africa, and paying dayly 1000 pceces of iilver,with one
lervant and one horfe, conditionally that ^uflinim would clecr Lthanits and the
adjacent Mouncaines of allthcMardaires, which much infefted the Arabian ci-
ties. But in fo doing Cdfar weakened the Empire, for fo long as thefe Mardaitcs
held the Mahometans play ,they troubled not the Empire, but when they were
removed , the Saracenspower increafed. Hee alfo weakned himfelfc by breaking
the fccond yeare of his reign the league, which his Father made with the Bulgari-
ans. At firft he had the better, but afterward, he loft his Army, and was forced
to flye alraoft alone to Byzantium. In the 7 year of his reign, having entertained
30000 Sclavi, and truftmg to his power, brokethe peace with the Saracens, pre-
20 rending that the money which was paid him for a tribute, was not ftampt with his
Image. The Saracens calling upon God the revenger of perjuries, and carrying
00 the top of a fpeare in ftead of a Banner the Articles of peace, fell upon the Ro-
man Army and routed them. The Sclavonian Generall having firft revolted
with 20000 to the enemy, who corrupted him with money, ^ufiinim hard-
ly efcaped, who comming to Lcucatc ^ commanded the remainders of the
Sclavi to be killed and flung into the Sea. After this the Agarcns made havock of
the Roman Provinccs> and Sdbatim the Armenian Prxtor, delivered up Armenia
to them.
The Arabians overrun Africa, to whom ^<rjf/«/ the Patricianbctraycd the city
30 Lazica. But ^ohn brother to the Emperour Leontius recovered Africa again,and
drove out the Saracens. This Leontius had been imprifoned 2 yeares by Theo^
dofi»s and Stephums the Emperours favorites, but having efcaped out of prifon,
was by the Patriarchs help made Emperour. He cut off luHinian's nofe, and
banifhcd him to Chcrfenefus, having reigned 10 yeares. The two fycophants
Jheodofius and Stefhanus^ were by his command dragged through the ftrcets , by
ropes, f aftned to their feet, and afterward were burnt. L eontius after three yeares
reign was by Ttberius Apfimnrus (whom his Army had made Emperour, upon his
return from Africa) feived,ashe fcrved^f^tf/i^M/^i for he cut off his Nofe, and
then thruft him into a monaftery : then he fent his brother Heraclttts into %ria'
4oagainft the Saracens, who tooke and flew of the enemies about 300000. The Ar-
menian Princes killed their Agaren Governours, and returned to the Roman o-
bedience. But Mahumet Prince of the Arabians, fubdued the Armenians again,
and burned their princes alive. Yet in Cilicia he was defeated by Hemclius who took
multitudes ofthe Saracens prifoners, and fent them to his brother Abifmartts for
flavcsjwho about this time fent TheofhjUB into Italy as fucceffour to^f^^/^w iii the
Exarchar. After this ^upnian efcaped out of prifon, andmarryed with Theo'
dor A the (x^ttoi Chaganiis, with whom hee lived a whole yeare in Phanogoria a
town of Sarmatia, But the Barbarian king being corrupted with gold from Abif-
marusj promifed to betray him, which hee underftanding by his,wife, fled to Tre-j^ C.jof,
^obellis the Bulgarian king, by whofe Armes hee was reftored, the 10 yeare of his
banifhment. The third day after he laidfiegeto Byzantium, by fomc lluccs of
water which he opened, he got within the town. Abifmarus fled, but was overtaken
and brought back, multitudes of the people who had abufcd C^ftr wkh ill -lan-
guage as hee lay before the City, were flaine. Leontius and AbtfrnArus being in
kons fell flat at the Emperours feet, who troad on their necks, the people crying
out: Thoujl)iltwAlk ufen the Afpe^andthe Bafilisk^ and then they were both be-
headed. CallmicHs the Bilhop had both his eyes thruft out, and was banifticd to
Komc
1 1 6 '/ hefecond Part of the Book. 3V
Jih Mnrid' K.ome, and Cyrus let up in his place, who had incouraged the Emperour in his
\J>'*',/'\j baniihment to recover his right. Abifmarus had reigned 7 yeares. It's faid of
^tijttnian that {till when hee wept or blew his cut noic, he caufed one of Leonii-
^ . us his fadion to be (lain. For he had vowed before when he was like to be drown-
' •■ '_^ edinaftorm, that ifGod would preferve him then, he would Ihew nomercy to
' " ' ' ^ - his enemies.
Things thus fctled, King Trebcllk being honourably rewarded was difmiffcd ;
but afterward 5^//////?/4» quarrelled with him about the extent of their borders:
the Bulgarians being fuddenly fet upon by the ImperiaUfts,fledtothe mountains,
v\ hence afterward perceiving the Greeks to be fecure, came down and made fuchjo
flaughter among them, that J^nUimm in haft got on fliipboard, and returned
■wiih dilhonourto Conftantinople. Afterward hee lent an Army againft the
Chcrfona:ans, among whom he had been exiled. They in the beginning of his
delignes would have dcftroyed him •, therefore he caufeth them to be cruelly mur-
thcrcd, and their Grandees to be burned : and delighted himfelfe to fee 73000 of
their youths drowned in a ftorm. The Cherfona^i being thus barbaroudy ufed,
and tlieir childrens heads by J'^afliman's command dalhed againft the wals, im-
plore aid from the Chazari, and perfwade PM//' ^W^;??^, lately returned from
banilhriicnt, and made Admirallof the Seas, to invade the Empire , with him
joines £//^ the PriEtor, whofe children J-npnim murtheied in their mothers 2©
brcafts, and marryed her to an Indian cook. Bardnncs with I-has rife againft
the tyrant, whowasnowin Amaflrisa town of Paphlagonia, which £///W took,
4 ^ 8'2 . ^"^ '" ^^ ^fiftiman^ whofe head he cut off with his own hands •, and flew his fonne
ji, C, jiz.'^'^^'""^ whom he begot of Theodora^ and had made his colleague in the Empire.
This Avas the laft of Heradins his race, who of all the Emperours had the hap-
pinefle alone, to have a fixt fucceflbur of his own bloud. J-ufihiim reigned 7
years after hb banifhment. He was nicknamed Rhmotmetus hom his cut nofe;
his tongue alio was cutout by Leor.tins after he had been animated by the Aftro-
logians, and Calmtcus the Bilhop ( whom ^uftinim had firft defigned for the
flaughter) to invade the Empire. In his time a Synod was held in the palace cal-jo"
led Trullus of Conftantmople, wherein Clergy men are ordained to rctaine
their .wvvts. Pope ^f /^///^ who fuccccded (7(?«^« oppofed this Synod, wherefore
^njtinidn cornm.;nds lum to be brought to C;onftantinople-,but in vain,for the Ar-
my at Riivertha rLliftcd,and did not fuftcr the Pope to be touched. Befides Kiliams
that was" fern to convert the Fxanconians in Germany,who was murthercd there.
WighcrtHs with divers other preachers from England,were fent to convert the Fri-
fians,Danes, Saxons and others.
At ximtimtCii/iihertusxhcionnto^Bertayius -w^^ Kin^ of Lombardy. Him
AhhiJHs Duke of Trent, whom C umber : us favcdwhen his Father Bartanits would
have killed him, drove him out of his kingdome. But v^/f^//«j-tyrannifins; ovcr^Q
the Clergy; wasjuitcd, and Cnmhen is reftored-,who defeated ^/c/v/w in a battell,
•iind-t1;en ciit off his head and feet .To Cumbert fucceeded his young fon Ludbert ;
whomhe;recommendcd to the care of Duke ^//>>^j?^^'.c. But i^fr^'^A^f?-^ Duke of
-Taurinupi made war and overthrew the young King with his Governor Alfran<
dus-^ andfo made himfelfe King. He dycrh within one yeare of his reign, to
whom lucce'eded his fonne ^rz/fm/^ the fecond, who reigned 1 ■: yeares. He kil-
led the lawful! heirs, Ludbert^ whofe Governour ^//>r.W/« fled into Bavaria,
where he lived in exile 9 yeares : then being aflifted" by DnhberttfsDuVc of Ba-
' 'varia , hee returnes to Lombardy, where ht overthrowes in a great battell Ari-
:ferttis thevifutpcr^andin his flight at Ticiniim kills him. This Ar/pertus beftowedjo
tin ihcPopedome that part of Piemont, which ofold was called Alpes,:Cotti^,
^br Cottia- x5r Gothnx. Cerduella king of the Weft-Saxons was baptized at Rome,
'dhd thei:e dyed, to v^'hom {uccccded Im. Conrediis King of the Merca, thatis,of
'Nottrngliamfhire and Darb) {liire,taking op the fon of Sigerus King of the Eaft-
Saxons with-him, at Rome puts on the. habit of a Monk.In Spa-ne all the lews are
made flavd;s,^ their goods confifcated, ^nd their children delivered to 'Chrifti-
jans, to be Iwxd by them. Felix Archbifliop of Ravenna, for refufing to
' bee
C H A p. 8. tl^ftory of the World. ^lif
bee fubjed to the Pope , loofeth his Bifhoprick and both his Eyes. 4n, MuHdi
In Spainc J-uliwus a Grandee whofe wife King Rudencns abufcd, called the \y\'\J,
Saracens out of Africa, who opprefled the Goths, and in a great battell over-
threw if //-^(Tr/fwi- and killed him. The Saracen Generall was T^/r/c/^wj-, fronl
■whom the Mountaine Gibraltar, upon which he pitched his camp, was called of
old Gebel-Tarich. So now the Saracens poflefle Spaine, and drive the remain-
ing Go. hs to Bifcay and the Pyrenctan hils, and the ^ftures, whofe Captain Pf-
Ugituw^^ the firft King there. In France i'//'/««^ Duke of Oftrafia was Mafter
of the Palace under T^f^'^^r/c^;?, C/edevem undChrUil^erttisthc French Kings ^
10 whofe power he excrcifed ^ he made Lambert m Biiliop ot I rajedum, or Utricht,-
who enveyed againft Alpaida pifins concubine, of whom he had Care/us Mar-
teHuf. She caufed her brother Doden to murther the billiop, to expiate which
wickedncfTe (bee ereded a Colledgc of Canons-,but the murthci er was eat up with
vermine, the ftink of whofe body was lb odious, that he was flung and drowned
in the river Mofa. Egicas King of Spaiii was Uke to be murthered by the Jews,
which was the caufe of their hard ufage there, as is faid. Sergms was Pope 13
ycares, he added divers Litanies to the MaiTc. His fuccdfour was ^-ahu the fixt,
who fate 5 yeares*
Paulus Am\Aroi Hendea'in MdgudGracta is chofcn thefirft Duke of Ve-
ao nice under Ahifmarus 252yearcs fince the building of that City. The Egypti-
ans fall off quite from the Empire, and choofethemfelvesa King, whom they
call Caliph, Afric which Was recovered by ^f///?r;w from the Vandals,and had
continued fincc fubjeft to the Romans 170 yeares, is now poiTefied by rheSa-
raccns.The Weft Goths had now reigned in Spain 256 years, but(as is faidjalrea-
dy, arc driven into corncrs,which is ,46 years fince by the Huns they were thruft
out of Scythia. So the Saracens haVe now all Spain (except Gallicia the feat of
the Afturcs and Cantabrians) which they mjoycd 800 yeares together. The Vi-
figoths yet poflcflie Aquitania, but ten yeares hence they are driven out by Caro-
lus M^rtelltts^ Vitifa. the fonne of Bgtca^ King of Spain, orders the Clergy to
30 keep what Concubines they will, and forbids them to obey the Pope. Ulid king
of Arabia deftroyes the Chriftian church at Damafcus, commanding the Ara-
bick tongue to be ufed in ftead of Greek. To Pope ^ohn fucceeded Zefimus for 20
dayes,and afcer him Ctf«/4»//««j 7 years, whom ^«j>/w/<i» in Nicomedia hono-
rably ufcthjto whom hee confefled his finnes, and received abfolution, lying
proftrate at the Popes feet. He was the firft Emperour that ever kifTed the Popes
Feet.
philifpicus Sardanes ha.ving furthered ^tfjiiftiaf!^ obtaincththe Empire for
a yeares and 9 months. The Pope reje(f^s him as an hercticall Eraperour, for he
abrogated the fixt Synod, and reeftablilhed the Monothelites, upon the rcqueft
^0 of that Monkifti Aftrologer who foretold him, hcflwuld be Emperour. Cyr»s
the Patriarch is depofed by him, and one ^ehft an heretick is advanced. He prQ»
digally exhaufted the treafurcs which were 'eft by his predecefTors, fuffering in
the interim Thracia to be exhaufted by the Bulgarians, and Afia by the Saracens:
wherefore he was hated by hisPceres, two of which, to wit, Theodoras and
J»r4»?^i&«/ deprived him of his eyes, as hee was repofing himfelfe after dinner,
this was done by the advice of ^mw/«j the chief Secretary, who the next day 4 ($8 5:.^
is proclaimed Emperour. Pope Cen^Antine^ abfolves the Emperours fubjcdts^. c.7i5<*
from their allegiance to hirh. Artemius or AndjlaJ^us the lecond reigned one year
and 3 months^ Hee prepares a great Fleet againft the Saracens, and takes order
50 that Byzantium be furniihed with 3 yeares provifion. But the Army upon a fo-
dain fedition forceth one T/^f(?^(?//«j of Adramyttum, a CoUcdorof Subfidies,
and a quiet man, to accepit the Empire againft his will. Am(tafius \mont)Mi
laycth down his Emperiall Enfignes, is made a Monk, and is fent to Theflalonicaj
he was both a good fcholar, and a good Catholick. He put dovvn J'^hn the here-
tick, and fet Germmus in the chair ot Conftantinople. About this time dyed fi-
finus. Carelus Martellus is imprifoned by his ftepmother PlearudU Piptns wi-
dow 5 but Dugtbcrtus being dead, he cfcaped out of prifon, and recovered his ta-
,j3 TbefecondFart ofthe Book. 5/
~ • ■ T"thers dignity, which he fo managed, that he eftabUflied his pofterity in the king-
t'y^r\J ^°^^ ' of^V'Xnce. Theodojius was Emperor not much above a year,for underftand-
^gC^ ing that Leo ijattrtcus was made Emperour by the Army,and that his fon Theodo-
A C 111 /'" ^^^^ vsik^Vi prilbnerjie refigned up his intereft to the new Emperor ,and having
' received the puWick Faith for his indemnity, he with his fon enter into holy Or-
ders,in which they fpent the remainder of their days atEphefuS;in his his time Af«-
^almiis the Saracen took Pergamus.
C H A P , I X. I^~
the Rortidn ajfaires under Leo the third^ and Conftantine the fifth. 2. Of
Pipinus, ^W Foruigne affaires. 3. The Church affaires ef theft times.
LEo the third called before /y^«r»f Ctfwi);? from his country I fauria, had been
Governour of Albania in ^ujiit)iart'% time, and fubdued the Abafgi a people
of Scythia.Now in the beginning of his Empire he is exercifed by the Sara-
cens, who with a Fleet of 3000 thips befiege Conftantinople almoft 3 years, but
of this great number fcarfe 5 efcaped, but were all confumed with famine,plague
warre, thunder, ftormes, and artiriciall fires in the water. The Bulgarians alone j©
killed 22000 of them, as they were plundering of the countrey. In the meane '
while Sergius Prcetor of Sicilia, with one Gre'^or)i,aime at the Empire, but they
Were quickly fupprelTed by Leo-^ Gregory was killed, 5fr^/«/ upon fubmilTion |is
pardoned. Leo in his third year overthrew Nicetas Xjlimtes and feifc upon his
whole eftate for aflifting Artemius (who was now banifhed in Theffalonica) to
recover the Empire. Artemius with his Bulgarian Forces arrive at Byzantium,
hoping the City had been for him, but finding it otherwayes, the Bulgarians for
money betray him to Leo, who put him,with all that were of his plot,tothe fword.
The plague at this time was fo hot at Rome and Byzantium , that it confumed
3COC00 Inhabitants. Ty^m overflowed the walsof Rome: the Jews were a- 30
A.C.jiS. gain deluded by a falfe ikff//?^, a Syrian born. Which caufed Xeo to force bap-
tifme upon them, for which fome of them were fo defperate , that they burned
themfelves with their families. One Radhodus a German Prince and Heathen, as
he was ready to be baptized, asked whether there were moft of his Anceftors in
heaven or in hell, it was aniwered in hell •, with that he pulled his foot out of the
water, faying: I tvill rather follow many then a few -^ but within three dayeS
after he dyed •• So G;;(/<:/ a Saracen Prince was perfwaded by a Jewifh Im-,
poltour, that heefliould raigne a long time, if hee would abolifh the Im-
4^9?' ages of Chrifl, and ofthe Saints,which he went about to doe, but dyed the next
^.C. 725. year after. -^
Leo in the 10 ycarc of his reign commanded all Images to be aboliflied.PM/^-
ficus Bardanes had commanded the fame before, but was refilled by Pope Con-
famine^ as Leo is now by Pope Gregory the fecond, who would not fuffer any
tribute to be payed to the Emperour out of Rome and Italy, becaufe he took up-
on him to alter religion. This gave occafion of great troubles in Italy ,between
the Pope and the Exarch, till it came to that palTe , that the Emperoijoft ail his
power in Italy, and had almoft loft it in Byzantium-, for not onely were his offi-
cers murthered by the tumultous multitude , but the City alfo was afTaulted with
new Fleets of Saracens and others, which were forced with lofTe to be gone. Leo
depofeth G^rwd^sj the Patriarch and other Bifliops, for refifl:ing his command 5®
about the Images, andfetsup Anafiafitts'Pimarch, whom Crf^ cry in the Synod
which he aiTcmbled condemneth, and then dyeth the i6yeareofhis Pop-dome,
to wlwm iiicc ceded Gregory the third, no leiTe zealous for Images then his pre-
decefiTour, againft whom Leo (cm a Fleet of iliips, v/hich mifcarrycd in a ftorme.
Upon this the Pope cals a Councell, and excommunicates all enemies to Imagc-
worfhip. This fo inxagcd Leo that he did cruelly put to death divers learned
men and others, who diftiked his proceedings againft Images. Oectmemcus pro*
fcflbur
Chap. 9. H^ftoty^fthiiVM. nf
fcffour in the Colledge of Conftanrinople is burned with his bookcs. Hereupon JnTMundi
Rome and Italy by Grf^omi means fall off quite from the Greek Empire. A \y^>r\J,
league is made betcweenthe Pope and the French againft r,»/>/>M^^«/ the Loil.
gobard, who was now bcficging Rome. Corelus Mitrtelluj caufeth LuitpranHits
to raifc his fiege and be gone. Leo feeing all his revenues in Italy to be ftopped,
gave order to confifcate all the Popes revenues in Sicily and Calabria. He pur-
pofcd to be revenged upon Italy, but was hindred by the incurfions of the Sara-
cens upon the Eaftcrn Empire. Gregory having excommunicated the Emperor, 4 7 r 1;
dyed the 10 year of his Popedome, whom Zfofollovvcd fhortly after. He reigned AC.74ii'
10 24 yeares and a moneths : before his death the wals of Conrtantinople, Nicea
Nicomedia, and other towncs were fliakcn down with earthquakes. In his time
dyed venerable Beda-^zx\6. lehriBamafcen for patronifing Images, was banifhcd a«
mong the Saracens. Z,f^ dycdofabloudyflux.
In this Leo's time Endon Duke of Aquitania, calls into France the barbarous
Saracens to fupprcfle the greatneffc of Marte/ius^thcy under Abdiran their General
take Garunda and Burdeaux. CW/a being aided by the Lombards and Ger-
mans, fubduesthe Saracens, and kills their CtnQxaW.Eudon, repenting for cal-
ling in the Saracens, turnes head againft them. It's thought there were killed
in that war 375C00 Saracens, of the French oncly 1500. Pope (Jrf^(?r; fcnt
20 to congratulate with Marte/lus this great vidory, and withall to implore his
help for the City and Church of Rome. The Venetians and Pantapolitans, by
the Popes authority (hook o^ Leo's Government, they kill the Duke of Cam-
panic with his fon, and foon after P4«/the Patrician and Exarch,whofe fucccffour
Eutychius is excommunicated by the Pope. The Romans fweare to defend Gregory
againft the Empcrour. The Exarch with Lmtfrandus King of Lombardy, en-
ter into a league to fupprefle Rome, Benevcntum and Spoletum, and to reduce
them again unto the Empire. But Grf^ory made all quiet, ind a peace is conclu-
ded. Tiberitis who thought to be King is killed. Inoi King of the Weft-Saxons
commanded that each houfc fhould pay a penny to St. Peter yeerly. LUitpran-'
^odtts confirmcs the donationof the Alpcs, the Patent whereof written in golden
letters was carefully kept at Rome. Pope Gregory the fecond, ordained that
on every Friday in Lent there fhould be fafting and folemne mafle. He fent
E outface or Fwefred to convert the Frisians and their neighbours, who is made
the firft Billiop of Ments^Undcr Martellus S .yfillibore convened the Weftphalians.
Whilcft Pergamus was bcfiegcd by the Saracens, they were perfwaded by st
(Magitian to rip open the belly of a woman with child, and to walh their right
hands in the childs bloud, which they did in hope of vidory. But they loft it^
with thetown,in Godsjuft fury.
Pelagius descended of the Gothifh Kings, is made the firft King -of Afturia
4oand Legion or Leon, by the remaining ChriftiansofSpainc^ fourycarcs after
Ruderichzd loft Spaine to the Saracens. Hee tooke for his armcs a red Lion in
a white field, which yet the Kings of Leon wear to this day. From him is de-
fccndcd without interruption P^///^, the noW Kingof Spain. The Kings of Na-
varand Aragon are dcfcended from Garjioi Ximenimihc Goth, and nrft king
that reigned among the Pyreneans. The Chtiftians that were permitted to live
in Spaine were called Mozarabes,becaufe mixed with Arabians.This liberty con-
tinued till Alfhon^uiihtkvtnxh. About the yeare 11 00 that the >4/»;^4i Arabi-
ans came into Spam , they fuffered no Chriftians to live among them. MarteQus
fiibdued Burgundy and Aquitania, flew Eudon ^ nnd drove the Saracens quite
5eouc of France. Alfhonfm the firft King of Galicia, foD in law, and heirc to Fe-
Ugim drove Ariaaifm quite out of his kingdome •, for which he obtained the
name of Catholick for him and his pofterity. Abathaminus Cdytha nephew of
Abdmelech having fubdued Egypt, built Cayro where Memphis of old flood.
Prctfn him Caylnph became a title of honour, both in Egypt and Babylon, or Bal-
daCi About this time dyed Carolut MarteUus , who would not be called Mqtr
Demits as his predcceflburs, but Prince of France. Wt\dx.mo(ons Carolomanus
andP//>;««jtoruleFrancc.Thefefuppre(red the Saxons; then CarobrMnus he-
came a Monk. Ctn-
itio Thefccond Fart of the Bo' o k. g:.
Ay. Mundi Conita^u/nc the (\it\-\^{onncx.o Lec^ IfaHricuscdWcdlcoKomachiis ^ tor being an
^_/"y^>^c lie micro Im;Tges, was crowned at twoyearcs old, therefor^ the firft that was
called rorphyrogcrttius. He was called Copror.ymus from fouling in the Font when
hee was baptized, which forae held as a prefage that he would pollute Religion.
He wasfulpeded tobeaNeftorian. Whileft he was imployed in the Saracen
war, Arttibujdiis his fifters husband, by xhc:iido( Afi/ijiafius the Patriarch, fet
up the Images in Byzantium again, and for this caufc was ialuted Emperour by '
the people!, which caufed three yearcs wars. In the end G'^'w/?^?'/^/^^ took -4rM-
i>iifdus and his (on, thefc he blinded. AnasiafiHs the Patriarch he caulcd to be car-
rycd about the city upon an Afic, w ith his face to the Afles tail, but afterward lo
reftored him to his fpirituall charge. In the fifth year of his reign ^whileft the
Saracens were involved in civill broiles , he overrun Syria and Aflyria, he tooke
the city Gcrmanitia between Cappadocia and CUicia, and there advanced the
Ghriffian religion^ He made a league with the Bulgarians, and marryed with the
daughter oi Caganus .^ who after Ihee was baptized was called /re»f. But his ha-
tred to Images, reliques,and interceflion of Samts : his perfecuting of Pricfts and
Monks who fidcd not with him,forcing them to marry, caufing them to be beaten
and banillied to Cyprus, which was then invaded by the Saracens: his buyrmg,
burning, drowning and breaking of pidurcs and Church ornaments, madije him
odious to the people and Clergy, many calling hmithc young Leopard, and bratj^
of the old Lion -, ibme caled him C^halltftMs^ bccaulc hee loved to wallow in
horfe dung. The fixt andfcventh yeare of his rcignc were terrible by reafon
of a violent plague through Calabria, Sicilia,G recce and Thracia-, at Byzantium,
there wanted people to bury the dead: fuch darkneflc there was for lo days to-
gether in Augiift, that mens hearts failed them for feare ; fuch Earthquakes were
in Syria, that hils wereturncd into valleys, and towncs removed 6 miles out of
their places.
Cenjlmntitte calsa Synod at Conftantinople, in which were prefent 338 Bi-
fliops, who condemned Image- worfhip. This Councell he named thefevcnth
Occumenicall, notwithftanding the Popes oppofition. He was not content to de- 30
molilli flatues and Images , but violates the Temple of Euphemia the Martyr, in
flinging her odoriferous bones into the Sea, which being driven by the wind to
the Ifle Lcmnos, were taken up and brought back to Cbalcedon. Hedrew5/c-
pkfj the Monk out of his cloyfter , bceaufe hee taught men to defpife worldly
greatnefle. He killed and baniflied many of his Grandees •, he made all men fwear
againfl worfliipping of Images. Gonjiafitine the Patriarch who fucceedcd to
A»Afififi$fs^ was accufed of fecret plotting and correfpondency with the baniflied
Princes,for which caufe he was baniflied, and then bafely murthered. It was trca-
fon to lay , Mother of God help us: or ta watch at the tombcs of the dead. He
took fometownes of Armenia from the Saracens, and filled Byzantium againe4o
^Vilh Armenians and Syrians, which had becne almoft cxhaufted of people by
the plague. In the 2 2 of his reign he took'C occafion to quarrell with the Bulga-
rians, whileft they were intangled with civill difcords-, he defeated ZeUtines^
their new King, who was therefore murthered by his people, and fliortly after his
fucceffour 5^^.w/Mvas baniflied for defiring peace: but the Emecrour comming .
viponthem with new Porces, made them iue for peace, which they obtained: but
Telerichust\\dx King refolvcd tobreakeit, by afTaulting fuddcnly the Roman
Forces. For thatpurpofeanambufliislaid, which was difcovered to Cx[Ar by
fome of the Bulgarian NObles. He without flie<iding of bloud feifed on the am-
biifli, and took all that lay in it. rf/^mZ/w perceiving his plot was difcovered ^50
thought to finde out the difcoverers by theiemeanes. He makes fliew as if he
would fubmit himfelfc to C.fpr, for this caufe he defires the names of fuch men
as might be fitteftto be imployed in this Negotiation, and fuch as C^/<ir might
put moft truft in i, divers of Tilnichus his friends were nominated unawares ;
thefe the Tyrant murthers fuppofing they had difcovered the plot. Conpantine
to be revenged on the Barbarian for his treachery, refolves to fall agamc upon
Bulgaria, but in the interim he is taken with a burning Feaver, which was fo
hot.
C H A p. r . Hijlory ofthe IVorlL iTT
hor, that hecryed our, he was in burning flames, and fo dyed, having reigned A»7Iutndi
almoft 3 J years. He had been three times marrycd, his firft wife was In'nexk^t Bui- K^/TSTs^
garianmothcrtoX^o, whom he marrycd with IrtKc Attic^i, who made him a^745'
Grandfather, by the bfrth of his nephew to Ccnftaratne ^ in the 30 ycare of his ^* ^' 77^»
Empire.
In this Emperours time, the Turkes breaking out of the Cafpian ftraits d-
ver-run Armenia and Iberia-, and being richlyladcn with bootics,rcturn home.
This was about the year of Ch rift 753 and 764. At which time there fell out
fuch a cold winter,that the Euxin fea was frozen 30 foot dcep,and 100 miles over.
I Q Upon this followed fuch a hot fummcr, that the fpr.ngs were dryedup. Mouii-
taines of ice broke town the walsof fomc towns. To £»/r^M»^«j in Lombard/
fucceeded Rutchefins , who forgetting the 20 yeares peace he made with Pope
Zscchdry^ and which he confirmed by an oath , beficged Perufia. To his camp
the Pope repaires, and fo wrought upon him, with prefcnts , and his eloquence,
that to expiate the violation of his oath, he refolves to enter into a Monaftcry,and
did accordingly, with his wife and fonnes : but his brother and fucceflbiir Ai-
ptlfhus tooke another courfe. For hec feifed upon Ravenna, and the whole
Exarchat, and drove Etttjchim the Exarch to Byzantium. This Government
had laftcd in Italy 182 yeaires under 10 Princes,
^o Aijiulphas withheld from the Pope thofe towns which hee faid belonged to St»
Peter. Wherefore Pope Stephen who was the firft that fealed his buls with lead,
and the firft that was carrycd on mens (houlders to the Lateran,implores the help
of Francc,which he obtains for the courtefie Pipw had received of Pope Zacchary^
which was this: Pi fin had two brothers^ the one CarclemamMs was cntred in-
to a Monaftery ; the other Gryphon was killed-, wherefore he affecfling the king-
dome of France, by his letters dcfircs to know of Zacshary , tvhether a liupid
Frinct or an a^ive [ubjeB were jittefi to rule. The Pope Underftanding his
meaning , gives prcfent order to Boniface being lately made Archbifliop of
Mints, to znnoinx. Pipin King of France, (oChtlpericus being held unfit for go- -,
government, was forced to lay downe the Scepter and Crown^ andtocoritcnthim-^^,? *^
fclfc with a Monks hood. He was the laft of the Mcrcvean race. Thus Pipm be- * '* -^
ing eftablifticd in his throne by the Popes mcanes, could doc no leflc then aflift
him to recover his own-,whercfofe having paflTed over the Alpes with an Army,hc
wrcfts from Atjiulphm thfc Exarchat,and Pcntapolis •• and for the good of his foul
he bcftowed as a patrimony on the Church» Ravenna, Bononia, Imola, Fa-
ventia, Ferraria s and in Pentapolis , Ariminum , Pifaurum , Ancona ,
Auximum and Urbinum, of old thefe provinces were called j^rmilia , Fla-
minia, and Picenum. Attbis day they are named Romandiola, and Marca An-
conitana.
.Q No fooner was P}pi,*$ti returned to France,but AOtulphm repenting of his bar-
gainc, bcfiegeth Rome with an Army, wafting all the countrcy about with fire
and fword. Wherefore Ptpins help being implored again, Atjidphtts is forced
to pay the third part of his treafures, and a tribute to the French. Snortly after he
broke his neck with a fall from his horfc, as he was hunting. Pipin having with
a long war Wearied Cuaiofariw Duke of Aquitania, for denying of the Chur-
ches rightS;and the Duke at laft being killed by his people, crilargeth his Domini-
on by the addition of Aquitania. Confiantwe the tmperourin hope to reco-
ver the Exarchat of Ravenna, fends prefcnts to Ptpin^ and among the reft a rich
Organ, the firft that was evcrfecninthc Wcft.Buttono purpofe, foritWasah-
5ofwered him, that thofe countries were purchafcd for, and given to S.Piter-.Co
Pipin dyed at Paris. To Chdr/es hclck A\i(i]:3.Cn^td CarolomanMnhis other fon.
Burgundy and Alemanhia. Gafcony is divided between them. He founded the Jx.']€%i
BiftiopricksofSahzburg,Ratisbone, Aichftart and Frifinge. Burchard fouhded
the Church of Hcrbipolis or Wittsburg,and Boniface the Abby of Fuldcn in Ger-
many,
Aiftulphtu being dead , Ratichifus had a minde to recover the Kingdome of
Lombardy, flighting Diftderius who from the Duke of Tufcia came to fwaj/
M th?
122 ThefecondPartofthe Book. 3.
^z!!.M»»<^^the Sceprcrof Lombardy,but Pope Stephen changed his minde ^ he having con-
\..^?^'V'"«^j firmed Defid-'rhis^ received from himfavcntiaand Ferrarla.lnSpainto ////?^5«-
fus fucccededhis ibnne FroioUs^ who overthrew ^n^aphU'S a Prince of the Sa-
racens on the borders of Gallicea, afier which time Spain was no nnore tribu-
tary to UinmaUrus the Babylonian. For Ahderamen thruft out J-uT^fhus
and made himfclf king of Corduba.Thc Saracens were now diftraded into fadi-
ons, fo that their Donainion was divided among divers. Abuhales had Perfia,
Sa'tmus Egypt, Habdallas Syria, who having killed the other two obtained lo
the whole tmpire of the Saracens 2 1 years.He laid heavy taxes on the Chriftians
and favoured the Jewes, yet permitted the Antiochians to choofe them a new
Patriarch, having been 40 yeares without one. He puniHied i5 of the Pcrfian
M^gi^ for offering by the vertue of certaine inchantments to flye in the aire,
whence they fell down and hurt thcmfelves. Hddallus Vxincc of Arabia d^^ed
the fame month that ConficMine did. The fame year Adelgiftis ibnne of Defi-
denus King of Lombardy filed to the Emperour Charles the Great, having in-
vaded his Fathers kingdome, which had continued 206 yeares. Charles was
fet on by Pope Hadrian^ bccaufc Deftderius laid claim to all the lands granted
by P/ptn to the Romian Church. And Charles had devorced his wife Ber-
tha the daughter of Defidenus^ v/hich made him a greater ftranger then before,
to the Lombards; wherefore pafTing over theA-lpcs with his Army, he gave 20
battellto Deftderius^ whom he defeated, and drove into Ticinum^ at lafl tooke
him upon furrcnder of the town, whom he fcnt with his wife into France 5 for
his fonnc Jdelgifus was gone to Conflantinoplc. So Charles obtaines all Ita-
ly except Neapolis, and tiie Provinces belonging to Sicily. He reftores to
Pope Hadrun the Exarchat and Pentapolis. Who having called a Synod makes
A, €»']']')» Charles a Patrician, and power is givea him to inveft Bilhops. Two years be-
fore this Italian war, the French made war upon the Saxons, as yet heathen
Idolaters, who exercifed cW/^jhisarmes 33 yeares. The Church was much
beholding to thefc two Princes, Piptri and Charles^ for their munificence to-
wards her, for propagating Chriftianity, and fupprefCng Heathenifm,Judaifm, jq
and hcrefies, for a fetled Parliament in Paris, the work of Piptff, who was the
firft that brought the ufe of Organs into the Wcflern ehurch,after he had beca
prcfented with one from the Eaff ern Emperor; he alfb brought into the Gallican
Churchjthc regulated mufick of Rome, for before him, the French mufick was
con£ufed,aiid inharmonious.
Chap. X.
The af aires ef theEntpre iwderLco^ Irene, </W Conftantine. 2. Of for- i^
raigne affaires under Charles the Great, 3. of the Church affaires in
thofe times,
A* C,775. «• ^0 the fourth fuccccdcd to his Father co^ronymm. Hec was alfo called
I ftrfh-jrogenitus^ bccaufe in his childhood hee was made Co-emperour
*"*'with his Father, and was clothed with 2 purple robe. He banifhed his
brother Nieephorus with divers more, upon fufpition, that he aimed at the Em-
pire. By his prefwafion Telerichns King of Bulgaria being baniilied by his own
fubjcds, was baptized, andmarryed with Irenes cowdn german, then hee was
made a Patrician. Leo was perfwaded to make his young fonne Confiantine yo
Co-emperour with him. Hee had warrcs with the Saracens in Syria, where
hec killed 5 of their Amiras, and 6000 Arabians. Hee removed the Jaco-
bite Syrians into Thracia. Bythiswar hcexafperatedtheMahuraetans, fothat
they overrun Afia, but all provifion being conveyed into ftrong towns, they
were faine to return home without cffeding any great matter. Mahdy con-
trary to his oath pcrfccuted the Chriflian within his Dominion , fo that di-
vers fuffcred Martyrdome. Leo perfccuted and punifhed the Imagc-wor-
Ihippers
C H A p. r . Hiflory of the l-VorlL
12:
lliippcrs as his Father did. Thefifr yeare of his i eigne, hce woulds needs J«. MunJi
fee upon his head- the Sacred Crowne befct wirh nch Jewells which jz-jw- L-Ou'^^^j
rjcii/s had dedicated in the Church of S. Sop/jja upon the wearing* of this4 7 5 0«
Crowne , his head fwcllcd with caibunclcSj then he fell mtoa violent fearer'and ■^•^•7^oi
fo dyed.
Charles the fon of Pipi» fucceeded profperouHv in his wars againfl: the Saxons,'
Wcftphalians,Huns,Ang3rians,HciTians. RudguudMi the Longobard with divers o-
thers. In all his conquefts he fettles Chnftianity.Hc gave many honors,and crea-
ted many Nobles, of fuch as had done liim good fcrvice. He had alfo oood
lofuccefTein Spaincagainft the Infidels, but in his rcrurc k loft the greatcft part of
his Army among the Pyrcna/an hils, the Vafcones being better acquainted with
thofe places deceived ihcm, and cue them off. Herein were ilaine Eginhardus
AnfhdntHs^ Roland, and many more of his chief commanders. The Saxons un-
der Wttskundus their Generall oftentimes rebel 'ed,and were ftiU fubdued^hey were
fupplyed ftiU with Auxiliaries of Danes, and Vandals, bur at laft ff^;>/ W^w was
baptized in the year of Chrift 785. Charles ereCie J the Bifhopricks of Paderborn
Mindcn, and Ofnaburg in Germany. About this time Xmenlus the tirft King of
Navar dycd,to whom fucceeded GarT^cas EHnicui^ who relieved Pampilona , and
took many caftles and garrifons from the Moores. One Xf/rw was the firft that
ao taught the Polonians about this time to fliooe horics.
Irene Leo's widow, with heryoung fonne ConjUntim rule the Empire. She was
a great defender of Images. Having underftood that her husbands brother had
plotted treafon againfther, lliee caused them to be lliaven,and then made Priefts
of them, and baniQied all thofe that favoured them. To make her fonncs Em-
pire the more firme, (lice contracts him to Charles the Greats daughter,for thac
purpofe fends Elifeus the Eunuch to inftrud her in the Greek tongue and cuftomse
Shee overthrew in divers battels Elpdm$, Prartorof Sicilia, and forced him to
£ye over to the Saracens in Africa, becaufe he would have fet up Nicefhorus
C'onjiantjnes Uncle. Shec let the Saracens enjoy Afric quietly, being afraid of
30 their power, and made the Empire tributary to Aaromhe Saracen Prince. P^*/
the Patriarch repenting that he had withftood Image- Worfhip, enters into a
Monaftery-, T4r.i/7«^ his fuccefTour advifeth /r^»tf to call a generall Synod,which
was doTithy Vo'^t Adrians afTiffance, whofe Lcgats were there. The place was
firfl at Byzantium, then Nicea of Bithynia. In this, 7 generall Councell was
undone whatfoever had been done by Leo Ipitrtts^ and his fonne and grandchild
concerning abolishing of Images. The 6 yearc of her reign a great commoti*
on was raifed, which difliirbed the proceedings of the Synod, fo that the Bi-
{hops being 3 50 in all were forced to rife ; the EmprelTe making fhewof an ex-
pedition againfl the S-:racens, demands all the armes of thofe who were of the
<jocontrary fide and enemies to Images, which when fhee, had gotten fhee banilh-
eth them all from the city, and arms her own party,and calls the Councell again^
the S year of her reign at Nic£Ea,Image Worflrip is their concluded,and by her au-
thority confirmed. . '
After this fliee diffolves the contra^ mide between lier fonne and Rhotildei
and made him againfl his will to marry wirh one Mar-j an Armcntan. She fends
alfo Adalgifas the fonne of Defidmus^ with fome Commanders to make new
flirres in Lombardy againfl Charles •, becauie hec had feifed upon the Duke-
dome of Bcneventum. But Adalgijus is overthrown by the French and Lom=
bards in a battell, wherein he was taken and put to death. Conftam'me per-
joceiving that his mother did what fheliftec^, and was altogether ruled by Stau-
r4fm a Patrician ^ and that hce being the lawfull heire, and now of yeare?
fufficient to rufe the State, was flighted, and kept like a child under the fe-
ritla-, refolves to take the government upon himfelfe. But fliee on the other
fide will not part with any fhare of her pouer-, keepes her fonne at home
under corredion being 7.oyeares of agc; baniilieth alhvho adhere to him, and
makes the fouldiers fweare fidelity to her alone, and not to acknowledge any
power in him whileil (lie was alive* But the Armenian Armies were conflanc
M 2 tit
Y24 "^ ~~Thefecond Part of the Bo o K. 5;
jSn.Mundi'in'thtk loyalty to ConFiamme ^ and would not acknowledge the mothers fo-
v-^^'V^fcJ veraignty , whofe example moved other fouldiers, againft their oath, to tall off
from'thc EmprelTc. Therefore Confiantine by their hcipe takes the rcines in
his owne hand, commands Stauratms to forbeare meddling with State affaires,
and confines his mother to h;r palace at Eleuthcrium , which fhee had lately
built, iR which lliee was entertained with all princely refped, and the next year
he intending an expedition into Bu]gana,and another inro Arabia, reftorcs her a-
gain to her former power 5 which when fliee had obtained, flieefell to vex and lO
punifli all his friends and acquaintance-, hee makes an expedition iuto Bulga-
ria, but with ill fuccefTc, for his army was defeated, and his chicfc ft Nobility ei-
ther killed or taken prifoncrs. Upon fufpition of treafon, hee caufcd his three
Dncles Nicefhorus^chnjlo^hcrus^zn^. Niectus to be apprehended,and their eys to be
putout,which cruelty made him to be hated,chiefly of the Armenians,and to make
hirafeUe the more odious hee puts away his wife Mary^ pretending iliee would/
have poyfonedhim, whereas it was known ilie was a vertuous and religious Lady't
then he being puft up for fomc good fucccfle h)6 had lately againft the Saracens,
takes one Theodate a Virgin out of the Nunncry,and makes her his Emprcffe,which
iuccnfed the Monks againft him^who accufcd him of bigamy, for which he baniUied
them.
Cettfiamine makes a fecond expedition into Bulgaria, to takcoff(if he could) 26
the tribute, which they fo infolently demanded, but undcrftanding that his
wife was brought to bed of a fonnc, hee repaires to the City, and commends
the charge of the Army to his mother : fliee takes this ablence ot her fonne ,
as a fit opportunity to rcinveft her felfe in the foveraignty -, to this end both
fhee and Stauratms with bribes and flatteries workc upon the Army,whofc good
will fhee obtained. Upon this the Emperour is called home from the Saracen
war,thc intent was to apprehend andfccurehim, which was done accordingly; he
. thought to haveefcaped, but could not, wherefore hee is brought back to the
^^ s City, ancfhis eyes are put out, 5 ycares after hee had fo ferved his Uncles,and
A.Cqs^. Q„ that very day. Not long after he dyed, his deathwas accompanied with 17^0
daycs darkncflc, the eye of the world difdaining to looke on thofe who had thruft
out the eyes |of their Soveraign. Hee reigned 8 yeares alone. His mother aftet
this reigned 3 yeares, in which fmeftiee put to death her husbands Uncles, that
they might not afpire to the Empire. Embafladours are fent by her to Charles
for confirining a folid peace, tor parting the Empire bctv»'een them, and for the
making up ot amatchbetweenC^^r/wandher; nee likewife fends Embafladoiirs
to Conftantincpleto thefau.etffedl., but whileft they were there a great change
fell out •, for Irene being fick,it was given out by fome of the Grandees,that flie had
nominated Nicephcrus the Patrician 10 fucccedher in the Empire^ upon this.,hc is
falutcd Emperour by the Armies, to whom hee gives the oath of allegiance ,40
then befiegcth Iref^e in the Palace, makes her deliver up all her treafures^
then baniftieth her to the Ifle Lesbos., where fhee was fccurcd with a ftrong
guard, there fhee pined away with griefe, and dyed, having reigned 23 yeares.
Nicevhorus difpatchcth the Embaffadours with letters to Charles, denting a
ratification of the peace, propounded by Irene, Charles having again fubducd
the Saxons, hee tranflates a great number of them into Flanders and Bra-
bant. Hee beat the Sclavi and Vinidi, as they were plundering of Magde-
burg. Hee takes Thaffilo forne in law to Defiderius, who by his wifcs pcr-
fwation had renewed the rebellion. Him hee condemncs of treafon, and then
fends him to a Monaftcry. Charles alfo fupprefTed the Hungarians, who were 50
Thajfiloes affociates, and had invaded Germany. So having after 8 years warrc
fubdued the Huns, and quieted Pannonia, cW/wafTembletha Synod at Franc-
furd of 300 Bifhops, wherein Neftorianifm is condemned, which Elipandtis and
lelix two Bifliops had renewed , and it was defined that Chrift according to
his flelli was the true fonne of God, and not adopted, and that in his huma-
nity he fhould be worftiippcd, nolelTe then in his Divinity. Image worfhip is
condemned, and the fecond Synod of Nice rejc(Sed. ^Iphe/ffus a.Ko King oi
Afturia
Chap, io, Hiflory of the fVorU. 12^ '
Afturia and Galliciain Spaine wearycd with payment of Virgins which was cK-J».Mtmdi
a(aed by the Saracens, in' way of a tribute, refolvesto fight them, and did ac- V-^^'V^^^J
cordingly, in which bicteli hee defeated ihcm, took Lpbone^ killed many i coo
of them, and freed a great part of Spain horn the Saracens yoak. The Enfigns
of this viftory he fends to Charles. After Stephen the fourth, or third as fome
fay, who fate 4 years fiicceeded Adrim the iirft,whofatea5 yeares. He ordained
that everyday loopoore people lliouldbc fed in the Lateran Court. In Leo'i
time a coffin or cheflofftone, was digged out of the ground. Chrifijhallkhora
of a Virgin. Inhimlhelee've^ wasingraVenon it, the decfd body that was found
loin it, is thought by fome to bee Plato's^ this was found a little before
the warres of Charles with the Avarcs and Boii, whofe laft King Taffilo hee
tooke with his fonne, and put them in a Monaflcry. About this time England
was invaded by the Danes. Inthcyeare 791. the Univerficy of Paris is crcdkd
by Charles^ whofe firft profefTours were foure Monkcs, all Beda's fcholars , to
wit, Rtibams^ Albi}nts,CLmdins and Scottts ; not Scotusfuhilis the Francifcan, who
lived long after; he ereifted alfo the Univerfiries pf Papia,Qf Ticinum,of Ofnaburg',
and renews that of Bononia fonnded byTheodofms.Tp Hadrian fucceeded Leo the
thii'djwho fatc4 yeares:he lofl both eyes and tongue by the malice of the Romans.
He efcaped out of prifon,and was reftored by CharUs.ln his time the Empire was
•totranflated from Greece to France. But which was a greater wonder^ Le& was refto-
red again to his eyes and tongue.
M 5 JM
J26 Thefecond Part of the Bo o k. 4;
The fourth Booke
O F TT H P
S E C O N D P A R T
,INTREATING
Of the times from CHARLES the Great; till
F HI LIP the Emperour in the Weft, and the French
Empire in the Baft, containing 400 Yeares,
Chap. I.
Tf)e affaires of both the Empires Huder Charles in the WeJ}, under Nice-
phorus, Michael, and Leo in the £ajl. 2. of the Nations fttbdmd By
Charles.
, tH^i?Z£ 5 having obtained the name of (7rw? for his con-
4 7 7 ^' ^^^^^^^ quells over the Saracens, Saxons, Danes and many other bar-
-rf.C.Soo. ^^/Md^/^ barous Nations, is brought to Rome by Pope LeOyVfho having j©
"^ beene condemned to pn(on , and to lofe his eyes for fome
crimes objeftcd againft him, efcapedout of prifon, and either
by miracle received his fight again, or elfe hce did not totally
lofc it, the executioner taking pity on him* Charles was at
Paderborn in Saxony with his Army, when the Pope came*, who made no delay
to follow his ghoftly Fathers condudl to the Impcriall City with his Army, where
having called a Synod to examine the crimes objeded againft the Pope 5 he was
told J that the Bijlwp of Rome was not to be judged by any man. And therefore no
crime being there alleadged againft him, hce cleared himfelfe by his owne oath,and
fo was abfoivcd, and placed again, to the great griefc of his enemies, in his pontifi-40
call chair. To requite this favour of Charles ^ in S. Vtters Church upon Chriftmas
day, the Pope foleranly pronounces him Emperour,retting the crown on his head,
and the people with loud acclamations, faying : Lcn^ life and viiiory to Charles
Auguftm , crowned by Cody the Great^the Peace-maker^ Emferour of the Rotnans.
Hence came the cuftomc,that the Weftern Emperours received their Crowns from
the Popes. For the Eaftern Emperours had been now for a long time flighted at
Rome, ever fince they oppofed lmages.C/.'<»r/fj now intends to fubdue Sicily , but is
retarded by Irenes Emhaft"adors,who promifed marriage with her^this EmbalTie was
acceptable to Charles, who hoped by this marriage to unite the two Empires again.
But Aetiusxht Eunuch, who endeavoured to have his brother Leo then Governor jo
of Thracia and Macedonia to be Emperour, marred this match^and he was alio de-
ceived,for Nicefhortis (as we have faid) obtained the Empire.
Nicefhorjts a perfidious and covetous man, fpared not thofe by whofe heipe hee
obtained the Empire. Hee got by his faire proniifes Bardanas the Patrician whom
the Eaftern people had proclaimed Auguftus, to relinquifli his title, fwearing hee
fliGuld receive no prejudice by it ^ no fooncr had Bardanas devefted himfelfe, and
cntrcd of his owne accord into a Monaftery, but Nice^hortts under hand cauled his
eyes
Chap. i. Hiftory of the World, 127
eyes to bee thnill: out, and then wcpr, as if this had been done without his know- 4n, Mmdi
ledge. Then hee makes Stauratim tlie Tonne (for the father was dead) his Co- Ky^f'\J,
Emperoutj and fliortly after fighting againft the Snracens, hee loft the batte!l,nar-
rowly efcaping himfelfe. Hefortifieth Ancyraof Galarin, and other townes to
keep off the Saracens incurfions .- but bafcly hee made himfelfej his fonne, and his
Empire triburarics to the Mahometans, who under Aaron being 300000 ftrong,
overrun Romania. Hee promifcd to p;iy yearly 300000 pecccs of filver for the
Empire, aud 3000 for himfelfe and his fonne ; binding himfelfe alfo not to repair
the Forts demoliflied by the Arabians. But fliortly after iV/fi?/)^^r«J- as his man-
10 ner was broke the league-.which brought the Saracens upon Cyprus,who overth;ew
the Churches of that Ifland,and drove out the inhabitants ; they alfo invaded
Rhodes, bur could not take the town, having lofl their Fleet in a ftorm. Shortly
after Aaron dyeth, to whom fuccecds his fonne JJ/^^fw^f , hee had civiil warres
with his brother which was pernicious to the Cbriflians and Arabians of thofe
places, many Churches and Monafteries were deftroyed. In the interim Nicef ho-
rns giveis himfelfe to wanronnefTe, hee abufeth two Ladies of great beauty , and
bcftowes one Theophania another mans wife^an Athcnian,and of kin to IrenCt upon
his fon.
Nicephriis fearing Charles his incicafing grcatncffe fends EmbafiTadors td prof- j^c, gjo^
aofci him Italy, except fo much as lay upon the Sea betv-^een Naples and Sipontum
or Siponio in the Apulia.He defired they two might live as brothcrs,rhat one might
injoy the Eafl, the other the Wefl. It was alfo covenanted that Venice which had
now flood35oyeares, fliouldbcfree from both the Empires. Yet this fame year
they drew upon themfelves, both the Grecian and French Forces'? for they had
expelled ^ohn their Duke : whom Nicephorus would have forced again upon them.
But the French under P////;«j were fembyC^rfr/f^to affiftthe Venetians. Who :
finding ohelerins the Tribune thrufl out of the City, for favouring the French,
fell fowlc upon the Venitians-, but having loft many of iiis men, and done no good,
WAS forced 10 make adifbonourable retreat to Ravenna .• yet Charles fufferedthe
50 Greekes to enjoy Venice. Nicephorus the 9 ycare of his reign invades Bulgaria, to
be revcHged on Crunnus king thereof, who had ieifed upon the fouldiers pay by
the way, as it was conveying from the Empciour to the camp. Hee had aUo taken
Sardica, and killed many 1000 Romans. But was willing to make his peace Jwith
Hicepherus-^ and to give fatisfadion -, which proffer was rejcded, and an army is
fent to waft Bulgaria. But fuddenly in the night Crunnus fals upon his camp, made
great flaughtcr among the Romans, undViWcd Nicephoms himfelfe in his pavil-
lion,whofc head Crunnus faftned on a long pole,and carryed it about. Moft of the
Nobility were flain,all the arms and the imperial wealth in the Cimp were carryed
away 5 sunrmus Cxfar received a wound in his neck , and fled to Byzantium ,
40 where many who hated the fonne of iV/^ep^oraj, intended to make CuropaUtes
husband of Procopia Stauratias his (ifter Empcronr. Michael Curopalates perceiving
the peoples inclination towards him, and fearing left hee fliould bee prevented,
procured alfo the fouldiers goodwill, fo the next day the Senat being called, ^hc
was faluted Emperor the third month after the death of Nicephorus. Stauratins
hearing the acclamations of the people, put on a Monks habir,in which 3 months
after he dyed of his vvound,which did ftink aiad fefter.
Michael being fetled de/ired the friendfliip oi Charles and Pope Leo, propound-
ing a match between his fon and one ofc/W^j his daughter. After this he led an
Army againft the Bulgarians,but with ill fucccfTcfor the Barbarians prevai!ed,who
50 wafted Thraca and Macedonia, and drove the Chriftians out of Beroeaand An-
chialum*, many imputing thefc mifericsto Image-worlliip, andwiihing that the
fonnes of Copron-jwim were fent for out of Panormus,to tree the Empire from the
Barbarians: thefe itf/f/^d?/ puniflied with banifhment, and the lofTc of their eyes.
Crunnus propounded peace to i\//Vy^/if/ on this condition, that he might enjoy the
ancient bounds of Bulgaria, and have liberty to receive fugitives •, which being
denycd liim, hee fals upon Mcfcmbria,and by the help of a certain Arabick Chri-
flian, whom Michael had defrauded of his pay , tookeit, and in it muchtrca-
fure.
1^8 The fecond Fart oft be Book. 4/
^». Muiid' ^^'^'^* Shortly after he gave fiich artoverthrow to Michaels Army, that he having
\y'>)/''\^^o\)i all, and in defpaire ever to recruit again, fled and changed his robes with a
Mcnks habit, and left the Empire to Leoxh^ Armenian. Theo^hjUB Michaels
lonne, being already called Emperour, had his genitalis cut off, and hec with his
mother Vrocopia and brothers were baniilied. Nicephonts reigned 9 ycares.5/<i»-
rat/fn the younger one year, and Michael ialmoft 2 yeares. The Danes afore
this had invaded England, and carryed away great booties , they vvere called
Normans, a generall name to all the Northern people, their Kiris Godefrtd had
warrcs with Charles^ with whom hec quarrelled for invading the Nordalbing
Saxons, now called Holiatians. Two years after Godcfnd with 200 Oiips arrived in 10
Frifia, where having fubducd the Frifons inabattell, impofeth a tribute upon
them : but before hce could encounter with Charles^ hee v/as killed by a fouldier.
To himfuccecded Hemingm his brothers fonne, the fame yeare that Pifinm
king of Italy, Charles his cldeft fonne who beat the Beneventins, and Venetian
Cap aines, departed this life -, when upon the reftoring of Venice to Nkepho-
rus^ peace was concluded between the Greeks and Francs. The next year peace
XC 81 1 . w:;S concluded between the Francs and Danes^ Hemtngns fent him divers pirefents
and then dyed, towhomfucceeded Sigcfridus and Anilo ^ who both were flain
in battell, and i iogo with them of the Danes •, Ha^ald and Reginfrid obtained
Denmark the fame time that Michael got the Empire of Byzantium. Butthefcj©
brothers were driven out of their kingdome by another faftion, who had lived '
4784. in exile among the Suiones now called Swedes. This fell out the fame yeare
-<f.C.8i4. that Chi-rUs dyed of a Fcaver and Pleurifie the 72 yeare of his age 5 having
tccn King of France i^y. of Italy 42.andEmperour 14. yeares. Hee was ho-
nourably burycd at Aquifgranum, now called Aix, (where he dyed J in our Lady
Church built by himfelfe.He was a wife, valourous,learned and fortunate Prince,
He built divers religious houfcs, Churches and CoUeagcs, hee inftituted the la
Pecres of France. He built a moft fumptuous bridge over the Rhcne ncer Mintz.
This bridge was counted halfe a mile m length, ten yeares were fpentm build-
ing it: which a yeare before his death was burned downe, fomcfayby cafualty,3q
othersby iJ/<(?/^A»j the Archbilliop,bccaufe in the night time many robberies
were committed there. He gave Teutonick names, (that being his own tongue)
to the windes and moneths. Hce appointed proper Leflbns for each Feftivail
day, to be read in Churches. He was canonized by Pope ^/fX4»rf>r at the dc-
firc of Frederic the firft Emperour 5 and a hymne appointed to be fung to him
at Aix. He fubdued the greateftpait of France, of Spain, of Italy , bcfides
Pannonia, Saxony, Hifiria, Dacia, Liburnia, Dalmatia, and many barbarous Na-
tions. The Greeks with prefents fought his friendfliip, fo did Aaron Prince^
of the Saracens , who fent him an Elephant, a rich clock, and other Princely
gifts. He bequeathed by his laft will alibis treafures on charitable and pious 46
ufts. Hee never mifcarried but that time he returned from his vid:ory over the
Moores in Spain, forashewascommingdowne thePyreniean mountaines hee
loft his Army, by the treachery of the Vafcons, as we have fhe wed. 23 Me-
tropolitan Ciiurches inherited his treafures •, to wit,Rome, Ravenna, Millan,Fri-
uli, Gradus, Colen, Mintz, Saltsburg,Rowen, Tievcrs, Sens of old Senones, Vi-
fomium or Bifontium, Lions, Rhemes, Aries, Vienna,Tarentafia, Ebrodunum,
or Yuerdon, Burdeaux, Turoncs or Tuors, Bituriges. Charles had four wives,
1 . Htrmir.gardu daughter to Defiderius King of Lombardy, whom hee put away.
2. Hildegardis daughter to Godefnd Duke of Alemans, who bore to him 3 fons,
cA4r/c^, P/^/;7, and Z<)flW7V,and four daughters. 3. J- affrada z Trench Lady.50
4. Z.w/^4Mj an Aleman.By his Concubines he had other children, one of them
called Pjpi»,\\'ho was crooked,with fomc others plotted treafon againft him,which
he prevented, and caft his ton into a Monaftery. Among his three fons lawfully
begotten he divided his Empire,to ?//>/« he gave Italy, to Charles Germany, to
Lndi)vic France and hither Spain,but Pifirt and Charles dyed before their Father.
Pij>!n left one fon Bernhardm and 5 daughters. CharUs dyed the yeare after his
brother,having fubducd the Sorabi a people in Lufatia, and killed their King Mi-
loducfis. After
Chap. I. Hiftory of the World. 12^
After the death oi Charles the Great's two Tonnes, the Saracens and Moores in- 4». Mnad^
vadcd Italy, cAWn- fends his Grandchilde^fr/>v/rj^/.'.>-, who tooke from thenmNi- yy^^^J.
cea in Gallia of Narbon, and Centum cclLc in Hetruria, which fome think e to be
Ctvitd-vechia. Pope Z-ft'tJie third, after he was reilored by C^^ir /a/ate i6 years
fo in all he was Pope 2 c ycares. Egbert fubducd all the South part of Great Bri-
tain, and ordained it lliould be ever after called England. In Charles his time
jcooo Saxons with their wives and children arc planted in Brabant and Flan-
ders, and many Flemings are fent into Saxony. The 12 Pecres of France
which Charles inftituted were 3 Archbhhops, i ot Rhemcs.,2 of Laudon,or Laon,
10 3 of Lingon orLangres. Thefe were alfo Dukes : thiee Bill^opS; and Counts or
Earles: i.of Bellovaciimor Beauvaisin I'iccardy. 2, OfNovionor Noyonin
Piccardylikewife. 3. Of Catalaunum or ChalonintheDuichy of Burgundy,
Thefixof the Laity were. I three Dukes, i. of Burgundy, 2. of Normandy,
3. of Aquitan or Gafcony. Then 3 Earles: i. of Flanders, 2.of Tholoufe,
3. of Campania, which at this day arechanged according to the pleafure of the
King. Among other Nations fubjeft to C/'j>-/fj, England alfo fubmittedtohinaj
who fent thither GkhIo to fubdue it. The clock and candlefticks which the Perfian
king fent to Charles he beftowed upon ourLsdy Church at Aquifgranum or Aix
in Province. The Saracen King of Gallicea being fubdued by Charles, received
2©the Chriftian Faith. The Northern people that molefted the Chriftians in Ire-
land are driven out by the Scots. Crunhus the Bulgarian King was not con-
tented to carry about Nicephorus his head on a pole, but hee alfo at laft
made a cup of it to drink in. Charles creded 9 Cathedrall Churches, to
wit, Monfter, Winden, Ofnaburg , Brcm, Paderburn, Vcrdcn , Hamberg,
Hildemen and Halberftad in Saxony. Heufedto have read to him in fuppcr
time S. jiufm of the City of God.He caul'ed Pa;dus Dmcenus write the lives of the
Saints.
In the Haft to Michad fucceeded Z^^ the fifth. Hce fubducd Crnvaus that
was now putt up with fo many viftories, and gave him a deadly wound by an
joatTow, who after this vidory over Cr»»»«j, commanded the abolrtion of Im-
ageSj banillicd Nuephorus the Patriarch , for withftanding his edi(5l , and fee
Up TheodatHs in his roome. Michael Balhus confpired againft him; for
which trcafon hee is condemned to bee burned , but by the intreaty of his
Empteflehee put off the execution to his owne deftrudlion, till thefolemnity
t>f Chrifts Nativity was palled. In the meane while hee kept the key of the
prifon: but in the night time not being able to fleep, hee rifeth and goeth
into the prifon, where hce ieeth Balhtts fleeping foundly upon the bed , and
fAfias his Keeper lying oa the ground. At which Let was much moved,
and with his hand gave threatning fignes , for Papias affe<^ion to his prifoner :
AC one of the watchmen upon Z-c«>'s departure awaked i'^/'/.*^, and told him of the
Emperours being there, and of his anger ^ hee awakes Balhus and tells him
what had happened : upon this they tell the Aflafinats , that they mufl dif-
patch the Emperour quickly , or elfe Bdbus who was condemned, would dif-
cover them. They being affrighted at this, without ddayputon Priefls habit,
and joine themfelvcs with the finging men in the Quire, having their fwords
under their garments, fo while the Emperour was finging Divine Hymnes, with
the reft they fall upon him, cuts offhis head and hand-, thtn run into the prifon,
breaks off the fee : ; ■ s from Balbns^ and proclaimes him Emperour .- then crowns
him in the fame Ch*ppell where i,fo was killed: they baniih his wifc,and 4 fons,
50 after their privy members were cut off. Ze^ reigned 7 years and 5 months.
CHAPd
I20 Tbefecond Part of the Book. 4.
An. Mttnd't
Chap. II.
The affaires of the Empire under Ludovic /<«(5?Lotharius, in the Wefi^ under Mi-
chael Balbf.s, Theodofius, Theodora, Michael thefecond^in theEafi. z.Tor-
ratgn affaires of tho^^e times and of the Church.
4. C. 814. T Udovic f called ihc godly from his bounty to the Clergy and the poorj about
I a month after his fathers death , removes from Aquitain to Aix ; where
•^-^hee began his reign. He renewes the league with Leo the Emperour ofjo
Byzantium. Pope Xf<> being dead fucceeds5r<?/'/;f;? the fifth, who crowned La-
dwuic at Rhcmes the third yeare of his reign. To Stephen who fate but 4 months
{ucceeded P<?/f/W^- who was Pope 7 yearcs. zWfJWf was like to be killed by the
fall of a porch or gallery at Aix, by which fall hee was hurt in his body , and
mortified in his minde. At the fame time Sclavmints King of the Eaflern Sclavo-
nians revolted from him , and Bemhard in Italy raifed an Army againft him.
But when Ludovic was marching wiihhisForcesagainft ^e-r/j^jr^;/, hisfouldicrs
forfookehim, andfohefurrenderedhimfelfero his Uncle. Ludovic having af-
fembled a Councell at Aix, condemnesthe chief authours o^ Bemhards fedition ;
the Clergy men he punifheth with degradation, and the Laity with lofTe of their 2®
eyes, and both with banilhment. Among thcfe were Anfelmus Bilhop of Millan,
and Theodtilphtis bifliop of Orleans or Aurelia. Bemhardusakw dayes after hee
had loft his eyes dyed, which made Ludovic gvkvc for hs rafh fentence. Not long
alter this Irtnengardis his wife dyed,by her he had 3 fons, Lotharius^ Pifinus^ and
Ludovic : but the lolTe of Ills wife was recompenfed,by the regaining of a loft king-
dome : for Sclicmir was brought captive, who not being able to excufc his rebel-
lion,is devefted of his kingdome.
A.C, 2,26^ Lndovic after this marryed with one J-udithi, a Bavarian and his neer kinf\vo-
man, this marriage coft Frederic bilhop of Utrecht his life,for he fpokc againft it,
as unIawfull,whereupon ^uditha fent fome Alfafinats who murthercd him at the 30
Altar. About the 7 yeare of his rcigne, he had a cruell warre with Luidevictis
King of Hungary •, which war ended with the death of Luidevicus. Bemhard
King of Italy being dead in the monaftery, where his Uncle put him, Lotharius
is made King of Italy, and Cicfar by his father Ludovic^ who marryed to liim
Jrmengardii the daughter of one Hugo. Afterward he fent him into Italy , and
defires Pajchalis the Pope to proclaime him Emperour. This Fafehalit was eleded
Pope by the Romans, without the Emperours knowledge; at which he was dif-
pleafed-, but quickly pacified again by the Popes cxcufe ; who purged himfclfe
by oath, that hee had no hand in the murther of the Emperors fervants at Rome.
To P^jc halts fucceeded Eugenius the fecond who fate 4 yeares, and then gave 40
place to Gregory the fourth,who fate 1 6 yeares.
In Lndevic's time the Danes by Ehbe Archbifliop of Rhemes were converted
to Chriftianity, who caufed Heraldus (that was lately after his banilhmcnt-, fet-
led again in Denmark by Ca'far's means^ to be baptized at Mintz, with a great
multitude of Danes. About the time that Rammir fucceffour to Alphonjus in
Spaine obtained a great vidory of the Saracens, wherein were flaine 40000 Bar-
barians: but this joy lafted not long , for the Dane was expelled by Godefrids
fonnes -, the Saracens out of Spaine wafted Barcinone or Barcellone in Arragon
.row, but in Aquitain of old : the Bulgarians plundered Pannonia •, for which
caufc many of their Commanders and Officers for their neglcd wcrecafheered.jo
The fpoile that was done by the Saracens in Spain is repaydby £(?»;y^«Earlof
Corfica who plunders the coafts of Africa, and doth not fuffer the Saracens to
fettle their wealth in Sicly, which they tooke lately from the Governour there-
of under Balbus. Ladcvtc was feverc againft the rich apparell of the Clergy.
But the Nobility percc.ving that hee was altogether ruled by his wife ^nditha ,
they ftirup Pipn King of Aquirania againft his Father, as unwortiiy to reigne
any longer j with him in this confpiracyZ-o/^4r/«j is joined, lately come out of
Italy,
Chap. 2. Hiftory of the World. 131
Italy. J'tiditha is commanded from the Court • and the Emperour liimfelfe^^^^Ti^AriB^^
is threatncdto be put intoa Monaltcry, but the controverfie was quickly taken v/V^^
tp, the Emperour and his Tonnes are reconciled •, the Authours of the rcbtlli-
on are fliut up in Monafterics, ^uditha. isabfolved , and reftorcd to her dignity
again, and Ludovtc to his Empire by tlie Germans help. Barnhard Bade of
Barcilona who was accufcd of adultery with lier, fwliich was the maine caufc
of this rebeUion of the Tonnes againft the father; proffcrredtovindicaWliisinno-
ccncy by his fword •, but no adverfary being found, hee cleared himfelfe by oath
and IS alio reftorcd to his honor. Pipm would not give his confcnt to this,whcrefore
10 hee is confined to Aquse in Aragon : but he efcapcd thence into Gafcony. Which
when his father underftood, hee commanded that P/p//> fliould be fecured at Tre- .t'c R '
vers-, but he having made his party m Gafcony ftrong, and his brothers being ' r '
animated by bad CounlcUours to joine with him, they refolve to take armcs,and
to force their father to give over the Empire, the rather becaufc they thought hi*
love was altogether fct on Charles the balde, his fonne by ^udnha. With thefe
Pope C'rif^^rji the fourth combines, threatnmg to excommunicate the Emperor,
out of a grudge, becaufe Ludovic commanded that the Popes eledion fhould noc '
be validjUnlcfle it were examined and confirmed by his Legat.Atlcngth both Ar-
mies meet ncer to Bafil, ready to fight, but the Pope cunningly goeth over to
20 Ludovic J pretending to reconcile him to his fonnes, but indeed to protrad time,
thiit the Emperours army might be wrought vpbn his fol!ow<;rSj, to fall off to his
fonnes: which partly by promifes, partly by thrcatnings was eiFc<riied. Ludovtc
being thus forfaken, went over to lus fonnes camp hoping tg. be kindly uftd by
them, but he was put in prifon, and his power wrefted from him. This unnatu-
rail ia6l was fo odious to Varimis and Beruhardui,^ that they fend Ldtharim a
challenge, either to fct his father at hberty,or elfe-to fi^ht with either of them. He
laid the fault upon the Bifliops, and fo leaving his Father in the, Monaftei'yc^ St; ,
Dennis, retires to Burgundy , where he begins ro fortifie himfelfe, and to raife • t .;* 3
arms: in the meane while X Wowc by the help of his friend? is reftorcd againc
3c to his right, and Zff/^m«f being for/aken by nis brothers, Ludovic znA Ptpin^
came humbly to his father and fubraitted himfelfe to hismer^y, who^ having
ftiarply reproved him, gives him the oath of allegiance, which he took^and then
returned to Italy. Ludeijic ftopped all palfages towards Italy, that none might
come thence into Germany without his knowledge. Ehbp that converted th«
Danes with divers other Bifhops are degraded , and banifliicd for their feditious
counfels, the reft of the evill counfellours are purfued by Divine juftice, for ifl..
the fpace of 7 weekes the plague fwept them all away, in whofe deftrudion Z«j •
dcvjc rejoyced not, but prayed for them. Fipn the fifth yeare after he was repof-
feft in his power was ftruck with an untimely death, which was ufhercd by a co-
40 met, at the fight of this Ludcvic prefagcd ibme evill comming , wherefore hee
by alms giving and prayers labours to divert Gods anger.
After this, by the perfwafion of 5f^«rtW/&4, hee divides his Dominions among
his fonnes. To ie'/^^mj he gives the Empiie, with Italy, and the South part of
France, eventotheriverM^fa. The reft of France he beftowes on Charles the
Baldc ^htha's fonne, and to Z.wx/i'w^ he bequeathed Germany-, who not con-
tented with his portion, laid ch'.m to all beyond the Rhene, and to began to, make
new commotions. Auguftus haftning to appeafc them is forewarned by a ter-
rible cclipfe of the fun, tliat the light of the Empire (hould be removed, which fell
out true the lame month. For the Emperor dyed of giief, and of an Inpofthurae
50 ncer Mintz the 64 year of his life,th€ 18 of his Empire.Dr^^* his brother Bift]op4 ZiOi -
of Metz in Lorrain,fometime the Capitol City of Auftrafia, performed his fune-vtf. C. %4Pi
rals there with great folcmnity.
Michael Balbtts a Phrygian born, a defender of hercfics, a hater of difputationSp
a countenancerof allReligionSj adenyerof theRcfurrcftion,andof Divcls, a
maintainer of whoredomes,a rejcderof lawfull oaths, the fink of all wickcd-
nefTc : as he nefarioufty got the Eaftern Empire, fo he ruled it, or rather raif-
ruled if. He was called Balhs from his ftammering tongue. He could neither
read
1^2 Tbefecond Fart cf the Book. 4.
Ar Chrrfli r"d nor write, and therefore fuffercd no childrcnto be taught to read, left they
\^y\r\j ftould belearnedcr thenhimfelfe. One T/;(?»Jifo- who called himfelfe Conjlamine^
a Tribune, and who had defeated the Hagarins, ftrovctobeEmperour^ there-
fore with a great army bcfiegeth Byzantium : but Winter comming on he was
forced to raifc the fiegc,and return the next {fpring. Many encounters he had with
54/^w:but at laftby the help of the Bulgarian's Thomas is defeated,& flyes to Adri-
anopolis where he was apprehendcd,iiponthc furrendcr of the City by fam:ne,and
tortured to death,his bands and feet bcmg tirft cut off. Perinthus the Metropolis of
-Thracia.called alfo Heraclea from Herdclius^ held out a great while againft Balhas
in defence o( Them Of. So did alfoPanium, but they v\cre at laft taken. In thciq
8 ^'3' fneane while the Agarens of Spain feifc upon Crete,and there fettle, having made
828. flavesof the Iflanders.Thc Saracens of Afric invade Sicily,which they took by the
treachery of one Eufhtpti us, s^hcm the Prictor of the Ifland fliould have executed
for the abufing of a W\v[\;Balhtu ftrove to recover thcfe>but was ftill beat off with
loflc.Dalmatia likewise (book off the Grecian yoak,and became a kingdom. Thus
^^9- _ the Eaftern Empire being torn,i5-T//'«« dyed ot a Phrenfic and Strangury , or as
•feme fay of a Bloudy flux,having reigned 8 ycares. ■
To-iwm fuGcecdcd Theefhiltts his fon, who juftly punifhedthc murthcrersof
■L^o Armenius, though they advanced his father B » Ltu s ixom. theprifonto the
Throne. He puniftied his wlfes brother for building fo clofc to a wrdows houfe, j©
that he ftopt up her windowes. Many other ads of jufticc he didj and was a great
Cncnfiie to Images. He burned off the fingers of one La'^arus a Monk, for painting
Or colouring of Images. He confcffcd that he never had to doe with any woman
' but his own wifc,cxcept one Lady,for which hee was forry. He was a great lovec
of Mufick. With divers fucccffc he made excursions upon the Arabians. He took
Sozopetra in Syria, Amira's native place, in requitall of which Amira tooV A-
morya in Phry^ia (whence T/'^e/'^;/*^ derived his pedigree j killed many thou«
841' fands in it, and imprifoncd the Nobility ,whom Theofhilus would have ranfomcd,
but could not, whereupon with gtiefe hccfell fick and dyed the 13 yeare of
his reign , the neXt ycare after Ludovic's dcceafc , but before his death hce JO
had overcome and flain 7heofhsbtts whom the Pcrfian Army of 30000 men had
rtamed Empcrour.
• Inthcrcignofthefe Emperours (74r/;(« King of Navar dyed , to whom after
4 years inttrre^mm fuccccded Eumctts who Was anointed King. The Bulgarians
had received the Chriftian Faith the former age, but were fincc returned to Gen-
tilifriJjthcy arc made Chriftians again under Z.a^tfv/V.^d'.C.Siy.afterward A».Z6o
they were totally converted under Theodora. Near Tulle in Belgica a maid lived
3 years without meat or drink. The Paulicians then flouriflied in.Phrygia and
Lycaonia,thcfe were a new fcdl of Manichces patcht up of Judairm,Gentilifra,and
Chriftianilm-jthcfe were favored by Ballxts.By the skil of George a Venetian Prieft, 40
at the-chargcs of Ludovic water Organs wtrc made at Aix. Ludevk parted with his
right of election of the Popes and confirmed the Emperors former grants to them.
S. Marks body is tranflatcd from Alexandria by Sea to Venice, to which a mag-
nificent Church is erc^cd. The Fcaft of all Saints which had been 220 years
before this time, obferved in Rome, is now by Z,«</<J'i'/Vimpofcd upon France
and Germany: the Saracens plunder in Italy, and rob the Vatican at Rome,
but in their returne they made {hipwrack.yi//'^o»/atf the third firnamed the Great,
reigns in Spain, £^^rrr in England, Kenfteihthc (ccond Cdnof Alf inns in Scot-
land.
To Ludovic fuccccded his fonnc Lotharius in the Empire. He would have fub- 50
jefted his brothers to him, as Empcrour, and attempted to deprive them of their
inheritance ; making Ludovic to content himfelf with Bavaria,and Charles with
Gafcony, which they muft hold of him in Fee. Thefe fcorning to be fubjed
to their brother, and to loofe their Patrimony , undcrftanding alfo that
bee had raifed an Army againil them , refolve to join their Forces together, and
to withftand Loth*riHf: a bloudy battell is fought nccr Antiffiodorum or Acxer
in Province^ in this confli(il above 1 00000 men were flain, on both {ida.Lcfharius
loft
Chap. 5. Hiftoryofthe IVorld. 155
loft welnigh all his Army,and he was fain to fly to Aix, where he recruits his army-, th/. Chrijll
the next year his brothers meet him again in the field-,but his Ibuldiers being mind- Ky\~\Jj,
fuUoftheirlaftgreatdcfcat/orrookhim, fo that he was forced to flye again. Yet
doth not mean to give over,but recolleds his Forces ^and encarapeth neer Matifcon
a town in Burgundy, thither his brothers came with their Army ^ as they were
ready to fight, the Peers of the Empire did lb mediate between them, that Ludovk
ihould have Germany for his iliare, Charles iliould injoy France , and Lot/yanus
Italy with the Empire, and fo much of Germany as lay between the two rivers,
theRheneand Mofell, hence the countrey was called from Lotharius Lotharin-
10 gia. Pifm the fonne of Pipin had Aquitania, which Charles not long after aim-
ed at, not without great loffc of his men, yet at laft by force he got it, and iliut up
pififis two fons,to wit, Pipn and Ch.irlcs^xniio two Monaftcries, whence they made
an cfcape, but were brought back at laft. Ludovic Germankm beftowed on Charles
the Archbidioprick of Mints.C/'*?r/('j- killed alfo Bemhard^lws mothers favourite of
old. Litdovk Germanicm fubdued the Abotriti a people bordering upon Bulg.a*
na,and killed their King,who was the caufe of their revolt,and fet Dukes or Go-
vernours over them. He caufed 1 5 Bohemian Dukes to be baptized, and brought
all their countrey in fubjedrion.
About this time, the Normans with a great Fleet plundred the coaft of France,
20 and by the river of Loire cntred into the bowels of the countrey as farre as
Paris. King Charles not being able to force them, perfwaded them by mony
to be gone out of his Kingdome. They had firft infefted the Spanilh iho3re,buc
were beat off by King Rammirw^ they molefted alfo England, Frifland, and Sax^
ony, they overthrew Hamburg, which Charles the Great built as a bulwark to keep
them out. At laft they took the Ifle Valaci a,and called it Seland: fo after they had
done much mifchief abroad,and had vexed France 20 years,they returned to Den-
mark laden with gold, where they deftroyed one another with civill ^zx%.Lotha-
Ti}is the Emperourunderftanding that the Romans had a minde to deliver up the
City to the Greek Emperours, hee made a journey thither ^ puniftied the authors
30 of this plot, changed the Magiftrates and reaflumed his ancient right in confirm-
ing the Popes cledion. Returning from Italy, he divides his Kingdomes among
his 3 fonnes. He declares LWowV Emperour and Lord of Italy. Hpe placeth
Charles in that part of France which of old was called Gallia Narbonenlis, and
Braccata, containing Languedoc,Provence and Dalphine. Lotharius the youngeft
is fetled in Lotharingia or Lorrain : fo being weary of the world, and forry for
the great mortality that was in all his Dominions by the plague, willing alfo to
expiate his rebellion againft his father ; layeth afide his Empire, and entereth in-
to a Monaftery called Brumia neer Trcvers, where the next yearc after hee dyed,
having reigned 15 yeares. His fonne Charles did not live long after his father.
4^ hetharim having put away his wife Bitberga^ marryed his Concubine Baldrad<t
the Biflicp of Colens filter, wlierefore he was excommunicate by the Pope, which
cofl him a journey to Rome; where he obtained abfolution. then having affifted his
brother in fuppreffmg the Saracens, in his return homeward he dyed of the plague
at Placentia having loft a great part of his Army. This L<»f/A/r/«J had two'Tons by
his Concubine^ Ler/',7r?;.'^the third, and //«^o Duke of Lorrain. hudovicm Ger-%S^i
mantcm had long wars with the Sorabi,Bohemians,and Marcomans. He had three
fons,C4;'<?/ow4»/«thceldft whodyedof an Apoplexie , Charies furnamed the
groffeand 'Ludo'uk. His daughter L»%rfr/.z, lived a monafticall life-, toLudevic
the third fon oiCerm.tnicm tlie Empire fell.
50 In the reign of Lotharius the Arabian Mores plundered the coaft of Campania^
feifed upon Bcneventum, fackt Caffinum and pillaged the Suburbs of Rome: then
was Sergms the fecond Pope,before his Popedom he was called Os forci or Swines
face, of which being alhamed hee changed his name to Sergius , whence it caoie
to be a cuftome afterward for every Pope to change his name. He fate 3 yeares,
towhomfucceedcdZ^cthc fourth, who fortified the City againft the, Saracens,
and by the help of the Neapolitans and Cajetans overthrew their flect.Tlielflan-
dcrs of Codica and Sardina, were forced to leave their habitation to the Saracens,
N and
1 24 Tbefecond Fart of the Book. 4;
. ^;^y^/^- and to dwell at Rome, Z,eo was the firft that forbid laymen to be in the Qiiire at
\/'\r\j Mafle time. He caufed Cloyfters or Schooks to be built neer the Churches. Leo
fate 8 yeares , to him fucceeded ^(?A'ei//c? the third, who fatc2yeares. After
whom fate Nichohus the firft 9 years. He excommunicated Lothantis. In Spain
JjaUaragm^ii thcthird,and after him his fon Maheniet reigned, nvho 3 times per-
fccuted the Chriftians. The Saracens take thelfle Lipara, and in it they found
the reliques oiS.Bartholdmerv^ which fhey abufe and difperfe.
At Conftantinople TAfo^tfM the Wii'c oi' Theop/jili/s the Emperor, reigned in
her fon Michael's his minority. She was given to Imagcs,thercfore repeals the ads
of Theof lulus againft them, depofeth ^-ohn the Patriarch, and fcts up Methodius^ 10
who being accuied of whoredovne,clcercd his innocency by llicwing to the Judges
his flirunk and dryed genitals. The Bulgarians rebell againft £tf^<>r^i their king,
for being a Chriftian, but hec overcame them in a battell , and by Theodtra
obtained the inlargement of his territories. The Paulician Manichees, fell off
totally from the Arabians , and infefted the Provinces of the Empire with
many incurlions. About this time Codahjciis the Monk mif-underftanding
St. Anjiif/s Dodrine of Predeftination •, taught that God abfolutely decreed
the falvation and damnation of men •, and that Chrift did not dye for all. Af-
ter Htncmarus Bifhop of Rhemes, and Rabamis Biflwp of Mints had refu-
ted him, Lodovic drove him out of Germany. Then lived Etelmoolph King 20
of England, who made his Kingdome tributary to the Pope. Kenneth the great
in Scotland was yet alive. He by a ftratagem of filli skins,with which in the night
he wasclothed,andlpcaking through a bugles horn, incouragcd his Nobles to
give battellthenextday to the PJds which they did accordingly, fuppofing they
had been warned by an Angell-,and obtained fuch a vidory as quite cxtinguifhed,
the Pifts Nation.
8 5 J. Michael having fliut up his mother in a Monaftery, undertakes, the Eafterne
Empire. He wasadrunkenfoole,aflavetohispleafures, his belly, and his flat-
terers, heefpent the whole treafure his mother Theodora left, upon his luxury
and pleafures, and at laftwas famtomake money of his robes and houfliold- 30
ftuffe. He was twice defeated by the Saracens : but his Uncle Petronas gave
them fuch an overthrow, that Iiee killed their King Amtrus, and tooke his fonne
prifonner : but after Petronas was dead, the Saracens tooke head again, and feifed
on the Cyclades Iflands, and with their incurfions infefted the Grcekes in Sy-
ria, Muhael bcfiegcth the City Samofata in Syria, but was beat oft' with almoft
thelofleofhis lite. Hee made ^W^^ his Uncle by the mother, Caffar, and
committed all to his managing. This Bardas advanced learning, by ereding
Schooles, and profeftburs of all Arts, to whom hec allowed good maintenance.
Hee made great ufe of one Z.f<? a learned man, who in the Ifle Andros had been
taught Rhetorick, Arithmetick and Philofophyby Michael Pfellus. Jmirtimnes ^q
the Saracen Prince offered to T/7ft?^/^/7«j this Michael's father, a great fumnie of
money, if he would part with Leo, to teach the Sciences in his Dominions .- but
Theofhilus confidering the great happinefte and honour that learning brought to
Greece, and unwilling the Agarens Ihould out ftrip the Grecians in knowledge,
would not part with Leo whom hee made Bilhop of Theflalonica, which dignity
hee loft under Theodora, for fubfcribing againft Images. But Bardas for his Bi-
flioprick , gave him the Mafterfliip of all the Colleges which hee erefted.
This fame Bardas was excommunicate by Ignatius i\it Patriarch for devorcing
his wife. But hc&xhxxxH Ignatius out of his place, and fet up Photiusa.\c3imci
man: whofe BibUothec and Nomocanon are yet extant, with BalfomoKS^Q
Kotes.
In this Emperours time the Roffi or Roxolani, whom at this day wee call
»Mofcsand Mofcovites,inhabiting the North fide of Taurus, with a Fleet invade
. 'liixin Sea, and lay fiegc to Byzantium, but were forced to return by ftormy
\ without cflTsding any thing. Michael grew every day worfe and worfc
^^^l^ivn ""'^ fottilh : one time being in his fports,news were brought him that
and iti mc ..j-ggn fjj.p ^hich fignified the Saracens had invaded the Em-
thc beacons \\v ' ^ .
Chap. 5 . Hifiory of the ff^orLL 1^5
piie. He caufcd the watchmen and Beacons tp be removed., that his fport might /4fJ. Chnfii
receive no interruption. He mocked all reverend ceremonies in the Church, can \ijf\r%»J.
iing them to beaded in an Apiih way, by hiftrionicalJ young fellows. He had
railed one.S'i///^/ anHorfc-courfcr, tobcmaftcr of- hishorfe-, he was a poor ex-
ile ; but Hiid to be defcended from the ancient family ot \hc jdrfjci^d. He was (oS 6 6>
wcllbclovedby Michael^ that he heard his taireaccuduionsagainft 5W^f, whom
hecfuffered tobemurthcrcd in hisown fighr, bccaufc he ufcdto reprove him foi:
his fooleries. Then he marries this Bufilius to Eiidocia his owne Concubine, and
prodaimes him Cc'cfar ; in his mad humour he u(cd to cut off the nofcs or hands
10 and heads too fometime of his moil familiar friends, in fporr. The new Caslar
fearing left he mi^ht be thus ufcd, endeavours to prevent it, by the death of the
tyrant, which was haftned by this occafion. A certain waterman highly extolling
and flattering the Emperour, was by him clothed with the purple robe, then turn-
ing to Bafiltpts Cwho frowned to fee this fight) Have not 1 power (faith he) to make
this man an Emperour as well as thcef" Bujil/us fearing that Michael might fpeake
in earnefl-, in the night when he was drunk and a flecp, he brake into his chamber 8 6 7«
with his allbciates and murthered him , having reigned alone ii yeares with his
mother 14. Bafil of ahorfc-courfer becomes Emperour, and rules the Ealf 17
yeares.
20 ^
Chap. III.
The affaires of the Empire u»der Ludovic the fecond. Caxolus Calvus. Ln-
dovic//&^r)&W,4W Carol us CrafTus wtheWeJiy^ndofBiCiiwxs in tkeEafi.
2 . offorrain affaires efthefe ttwes.
LVdovic the fecond Lotharius his eldcft fonnc was made Co emperour with
his Father, hee with the help of his brother Lotharius ffoutlv oppofcd the
^Kj Saracens at Benevcntum .• but having lofl a great part of the Army by fick-
neflc, he left the defence of the town to Adilgifus Prince of Salcrnum,who in the
Emperours abfence revolted to the Greeks, with all the towns of Samnium,Cam-
pania and Lucania. Ludovic to be revenged of this treachery, rcturncs into Ita-
ly, and recovered the revolted townes, even Capua at laft which had made long
rcfiffance, and drives the Saracens out of Campania. But hee fhewed himfelfc a
weak Prince, in fiiffering hirafelfe to he deluded and perfwaded by Adel^ifas^ to
disband his Army •, which when hee had done, JddgifusWwh. fire and fword fet
upon his Palace having no fufficient guard, and forced him to fweare that hee
would never come again within the confines of Bcneventnm, and that hee would
40 not revenge this wrong. But Ludovic was abfolved Ihortly after by the Pope from
this forced oath, and lb comming upon Adelgifus with an Army, drove him out
of Italy into Corfica,and puniflied his friends that remained. So having fetled I-
taly, he dyed at Millan the 20 year of his reign,without iffue male^whichminiflred 8 7 5,
occafion of quarrell for the Empire , betwcene his Uncle Chtirles furnamed the
Baldekinooi France, and i-W^wV king of Germany. But this conTOverlie was
betimes compofed in a Synod , called by the Pope, in which by gencrall confi^nt
Charles is named Emperor,and is crowned by Pope ^oh?i the eight,at Rome whom
fome call ^ohnxhc ninth.
Bafilms the Macedonian having by the murther of Michael obtained the Greek 87^.
50 Empire. He firft of all redcmands the money which Michael had profufcly fpcnt,
caufing every man to reflore who had not right to it. Yet when it was reftorcd, he
was content with the hUfc, returning the reft again: hee preferred none to places
of judicature, but fuch as were uncorrupt, and free from covetoufncffe. His ears
were open to all complaints, and he was a carefull provider for the poore. rhotius
the Patriarch fufpcnded him from the Communion for his murther, wherefore he
dcpofeth iiim, and lends 'iox Ignatius who had been banilhcd .• having difcovercd
a plot of his Grandees againft him. Hee invcfts his three fonncs Conpntine^ Leo,
N 2 and
j^6 ThefecondPartofthe Book. 4^
\/ln,Chrifti^^<^ y</^.V(i,(7,^fr with the ImpcriallEnfigncs- Of liis fourth {en St efhtnhttmzAc
«.x?^='^/*<wJ a Clergy man. Againft the Eaftern Asai'cns h; e fought with good fiicccfTc, and o-
vcri'Ltiall Afiacven to Euphrates, where heetookc in many Caftlcs, and fo re-
turned in triumph to new Rome. Heercftorcs Photins againc to his Patriarchar,
078. Ignatius being c'ead •, and yet Photins for oppoiing Images had beene condemned
by a Synod at Conftantinople. Baftlius by Nice f herns Phocas d\ovz out of Apu-
lia (which with fomc other places adjacent belonged upon agreement to the Greek
Empire) the CartbaginianSaraccns which had invaded it, and took Ragufium (aio
city in ^clavona, where Epidaurus of old ftood; from them, by the help of Ln-
dcvicxhc fccondEmpcrour^ and of the Venetians. Hce overthrew the Saracens
power at Sea, and converted many Jcwes to Chnftianity, to the profeflion of
which he perfwaded alfo the R-ofTi.-and fo he did the Bulgarians, whofe King having
entrcd into a Monaflery, delivered the government to his fonne ^ but fliort ly after
perceiving that he was falling back to Gentilifm, reafTumes his own power, dcpo-
Icth his fonne, and puis out his eyes, and then makes his other fonne King. 3afi-
liffs alfo overthrew the Mahum.etans, and flew C/'r/pf^m their Prince, who had
invaded the Greek Territories. Hecrooke in C.rfarca ofCappadocia, and laid
waftemanyot thecountreysof the Agarens. The Saracens of Tarfis with their
Arnirtts wrote defying letters to 54////«j fliewing that neither he, nor the fonne of
Marj fhould be able to brcake his power : agaipft thefe Bragadcces Andrew 3 20
Scythian and Patrician is fcnr, who fo quelled them, that fewof all that bragging
Army were left -• but Andrew is depofed for not taking in of Tarfus, and Stypejo-
ta^ whv fe tongue was nimbler than his hand,was fcnt. He careleffely fate down be-
fore the wals,and neglcdted to intrench himfclfjWherefore he was fuddcnly furprifcd
by the Saracen horle.
Zff^Vtvt and j5/7/?/ joining their Forces together fupprefTed the Weflern Aga-
rens, and tooke the Sultan prifoncr, who being brought in triumph to Capua,
and luddenly laughing at the volubility of the chariot wheelcs, was asked why he
laughed, heanfwered, that he faw in the whirling about of the wheeles, the Symbol
ef humane incenfiancy . For this faying i«^<'wf received him into favour , but heejo
was deluded by him, when he perfwaded him to tranfplant to fome other places
the chicfe families of Benevcntum and Capua, to prevent infi.irredions,thcn he in-
formed thofc againft whom hee gave this advice , that Ludovic meant to remove
them, whereupon they fell off from him, and carryed back the Sultan into Afri-
ca, yet at laft they were forced to fubmit to Lndovic.Bafil having reigned 20 years,
one day in his hunting was wounded by a Stagge, of which wound he dyed.- the
Staggegot him by the girdle on his horns, a Courtier for drawing his fword to
cut the girdle, wasunjuftlyput to death, asif hee intended to kill the Emperour.
H.^c left behinde him three fonnes above named, the four^ Confiantine was dead,
his daughters hee fhutup in Monafteries. About thcfe times fome write that Pope 40
^o.i}i the woman lived, whom fome call 5''<'^« thefeventh, fome ^''''^w the eight.
Nicolaus the firft fate 9 years,to him fucceeded Adrian the iecond, who was Pope
5 years. PhotiKs the Patriarch calls a Synod at Byzantium againft Pope Nicokus^
upon thisafchifm is made between the Grceke and Latine Churches 5 and then
openly theprocefTjon of the Holy Choftisoppofedbythe Grcckes. Cfrillus and
Methodius preach to the Sclavonians, and Dalmatians. Pope Adrian the fecond
wasthe firft that crowned Elf red the fixt King of England. Then was the Uni-
verfity of Oxford crcded, where 3 Colleges were built by the King. Some think
the foundation of this Academy was laid in the Britains time in Wilrsfhirc, and
from thence tranflated by Elfr^d to Oxford. In Scotland reigned Donadus the fifth, yo
who overthrew the remainders of the fugitive Pids afTiftcd by the Englifli,and not
long after was overthrown himfelfe, in another battell by the Englilh. His fuc-
ceflour Confiantinex.\\tkcondd<:kz.x.tdx.\\t Danes in Fife, and in a fecond bat-
tell was defeated by them.
3 7 J/ Charles the Bald Grandchilde to Charles the Great, fucceeded in the Empire,
to Ludovic, He by bribes got the Popes good will, and therefore was preferred
to his elder brother Lttdovtc, who entrcd upon France iji his brothers abfencc,
bot
G H A p. 5 . Hijiory of the iVorlL ti'i
but flioitly after dyed abroad. About 37 years after the dcceafe of his father Lttdo- J/r. chrifii
vicus Pius J hisfonne C'trolomanms held Bavaria, Bohemia, Moravia, Carinthia, V-^"V^>jj
Pannonia three yeares. His other fonne Ludovic held Belgium, France, Saxony,
and Thtiringia, with the Earoli. c/'^r/fj-thegioife obtained Sucvia, Alfatia and
Lorrain,till he got the 'Em^ixc.Caroltis Calvtis his fccond wife was Rothildis the wi-
dow of Lotharitis^ the deceafed Emperour,hy whom hce had children, bur they
all dyed. Hee was a proud, but a cowardly prince-, having made Bofon his wifes
brother Duke of Italy, prepares an Array againft his brother who had invaded
France, but underftanding hee was dead, lefolves to imploy his Army of 50000
10 men againft his brothers fonncs, therefore hafteth towards Germany. Ludovk^l.^^
tlic younger laboured what he could to make peace-, but not prevailing, he with his
people betake themlelves to fafting and praying-, after which hee marchethwith
his fmall Army againft his Uncle, whofe great Army he fo defeated, that he was
faine to flye for his life. Caroltts Calvus falls defperately fick upon this over-
throw, but being recovered, hee is fent for to Italy againft the Saracens, who
were fallen upon the Popes territories^ as foone as he c arrived thither, hee makes
Bofon King, and fends his Army againft Caroloman his coufin German ; and then
out of feare flyestoRome, Caroloman foriakes Italy. C?/'i'w about to return to
France falls ficks at Mantua. It's thought he v^zs^oy^ontdhy. Zedechias a Jew 8 7 7*
2ohisPhyfitian. His brotheri«(af<;w King of Germany dyed the year of Chrift 882.
Ciiroloman of Bavaria deceafed two ycarcs before A. c. 880, Charles the GrolTc
fuccecdcd in the Empire.
About that time Pafyuintm and Varfrand Dukes of Britanny, having killed Sa-
lomon their King, fell at oddes between themfelves; a cruell battel! is fought, in
which TafqHtntan though backt by the Normans , is d€featcd by Varfrands
fmall Army, and when Pafijui/jtan renewed his Forces, hee was put to flight by
rarfrand though iickinbed. Pope ^tf^w,the eight who fate ten yeares, crowned
3 Emperours in 4ycaresfpace,towit,cW/« the Balde, Z,«i(7wV the Stammerer,
and Charles the Grofle. Swarmes of Locufts in France for one dayes fpace dark-
30 ncd the air •, till flying to the Britifh Sea, with a fudden blaft of wind are all drown- 8 7 /^]
cd ; upon this foUowcs the plague and famine, which confumcd the third part
of the people.
Ludovic the third firnamcd Balbus or the the Stammerer^ the fori of Cahus^ hi^
ving with much pompc and magnificence intertained Pope ^oh» the eight at Ly-
ons is by him inverted Eraperor,and crowned by Hincmar x\rchbi(hopof Rhemc iZf^l
He did not live long after, nor did he any memorable ad : for he dyed the fecond
year of his reign, not without fufpition of poyfon. He fcnt his crown as he was dy-
ing with his rcgall robes to his fon Ludovieas yet but young.To whofe (hare France
fell, to his other fon Caroloman^'Buioundy. Ludovic in the year 882 dyed, Caroli- 882.
Ataman in 884. The Normans under RoUo'n their Captain feat themfelves in that part,
which is from them called NormaBdy,it was called Neuftria before. Theodoricus
was created the firft Earl in Holland.
C.irolus the third flrnamed Craffo or Grofc, the youngeft fonne oF Z«^tfi'/tf
the fecond King of Germany, obtained the Empire from the poftcrity of Xwij/a-
'vic the third, he was brother to Ludovic the French King(who dyed a year after his
cldcft brother Carolomari)znd great grand childe to Charles the Gfeat.His two bro-
thers being dead, all Germany, Italy, and France did now belong to him. He was
forced to let the Normans quietly injoy that part of France called Normandy froiii
them: and upon Godefrid the Norman he beftowes Frifia with the daughter of
^oLotharius. His brother Xw^fJwV tooke a part of Lorrain from the French. Hb
defeated 5000 Normans neer Scaldis, and was defeated by them in Saxony having
loft laEarles, and 2 Bifliops, among which was Duke Brunno the builder of
Brunfvvick. His brother C*iro/<)m.w dyed ofthePalfie. This Charles the Groffe
overthrew Hugo and Bofon^-who laid claim to the Kingdome of France. He thruft
Out Hugoseyes^ andclapt himupinaMonaftcry. Hedrove^e/owoutof Vienna,'
then pofted to Rome where hee was crowned by ^ohn the eight. Ludovic be
ing dead , the Normans rage with fire and fword in Germany , they plunder
N I Utriehl
ip — — fhefecond Part of the Bo o k. 4^
'AnXhrifli Utricht, CoUen, Trcvers (whofeBilliops they flew) with many other towncs. L«-
t,^a'>y^^^ iiovic's onlyfonneat Ratisbonc falling from a window broke his neck. Charles
having made peace with Godtfrid King ot the Danes or the Normans, he caufed
him to be baptized. Vo^it^ohn the eight having faie lo yeares was poyfoned,
and then knockt in the head, his fiicceflor Martin the fecond h\. not much above one
yearc. T/Wtf Earle of Tiifcia, and Duke of Spoleto being guilty of treafon, toa-
void punifliment, cals into Italy the Mauritaninn Saracens .igainft him. charUs
fends his Kinfman Bcrengarius^ whooverthrowesF/W^. Hfeatlafl: clecredhim- lO
felf by oath of the treafon objidted againft him, and fo is received again into
Churles his favour, Caroleman the fonne of Balbus is wounded by a Boare as he
was hunting, which cofl: him his life. Charles after much happindfe, and many
Viiftories, was faine to come under the tuition of his brothers fonne Arnul^hus^
whom the Francs, Saxons, Bavarians, and other Germans made their King at
Fr.';ncfurr. Becaufe Charles bad caftoff his chafteand lawfullwife, andhadgir-
B80. vera too much advantages to the Normans enemies of his Kingdome; therefore
finding all his friends to forfake him, he fent prefcnts to Arnulfhtts defiring fomc
maintenance for his ]ifc,which he obtaincd,and the next year dyed, having reigned
almoft 9 yeares.
in his time Rollott being fctied in Neuflria or Normandy bordering on the Bri-
tans, and Gallicocean , the capitall City whereof is Rothomagum or Roan, re- 2©
ccived the Chriffian Faith, and with it Charles the Simples (or as others fay)
Charles the GrofTes daughter in marriage, and a new name alio, for he was named
Jltifert^ from whom dcfcended the Norman Dukes, arnong whom was Richard
the kcond, who by his fword conquered Apulia, Calabria and Sicilia, having dri-
ven out thence the Greeks and Saracens. This Carolus Grains had for wife Rtcharu
du daughter to the King of Scotland. About the fe times the African Agarens,
overthrew Syracujis •, Mdalla a new Caliph of Africa, abjured Mahomet, and fol-
lowed Haly; and withall changed the Saracen rites and Prayers •, his nephew
BimediMiltts having obtained E^ypt fet up his regallfeatat Cair, equall to that
of Babylon. The RolTior Ruffi were miraculoufly converted to Chriftianity-,3o
for the Billiop whom Bafil fent for that end, cafl bis Bible in a flaming fire, which
was found among the aftics untouched by the fire. It is reported of the Emperor
B*fily that defiring to fee his fonne Constantme who was dead, one Theodertts a
Monk, reprefcntcd him, as if he had been alive, for this Baftl's other fonne Leo^
gccufeth him for a witch, but ^4/?/ favoured and admired him. Theodorw to bee
revenged of if<», counfelshimtowcarcadaggerinhis bootes privately, asafpell
againft all danger, and then informes his Father, that Leo meant to kill him, for he
carrycd a dagger in his bootes for that end •• the dagger being found , Leo is laid
in Irons, at which the people were much aflBidted,crying out, Jla(fe Lord Leo:the(c
words a Parrat learned, and one day as Bafil was at dinner fpeaks them •, at which he 40
being moved,and earneflly intreated by the people, Leois fet free. About that time
alfo the Danes invade England again,and are cxpulfed,except fuch as becameChri-
ftians. Theephylaff is fent by Phetius the Patriarch to be Bifhop of Bulgaria. C/&4r/«
the GrofTe was the firft that dated his Letters and Patents with the year of Chrift:
whereas the Eaflern Princcs,even untill the Councell of Bafil ufcd no other com-
putation in their fubfciipcions, but that of the WorId,according to Eufehius his ac-
count, which is erroneous.To Martw fucceeded in the Popedome Jdrianihc third
who fate one year. He renews the Decree of Pope Ntcolaus the firft,to wit that the
Pope fliould be chofen by the Clergy and people of Rome without the Empcrour.
To him fucceeded Stephen the fixt, or as fomc fay the fifth,he fate 6 years. 50
CHAP.
Chap. 4. Hiftory of the World. 1 3 9
C H A p . I V. K/^y^KJ,
of Carolus Craflus and Ludovic the fourth in the Weji. a . o/Leo and his fo/t
Condantinc in the £dfi. 5. Oftheafiircs eflta/yfiermany^ Spain, Scotland,
and other pa^'Jges of thcfe times.
10 - - .
fucceedcdhis Uncle Cr.j(/~w, who had a fonne called Bernhardt by a concubine:
and Ludovic B/iliius ha.dz pofthume fonne named Charles, but thefc were paffed
by, and the French choole for their King odo or Otho the Earl of Paris , who
had ftoutly defended the City againft the Normans. Him Arntilfhus permitted
to be King, conditionally that Ixe did homage and fealty to him .• the Italians
chofe for their King Berengarius the fonne ot Eberhard^ Duke of Friuli : others
chofc f/Wt? Duke of Spoletum, who defeated ^^r^.v^^w/; in a battell, and forced
him to Rye to Arniilfhus. ^We having got the Empire of Italy, enjoyed it but
5 years. For Ferenganus by the help of Jmu/phus obtained it, who ftript him ^ ^
20 of his Empire, and drove him to Spoletum. Hee dyed the 3 yearc of his Empire, ^ ^ ^'.
vomiting bloud. His fonne Lampertus Emperour m name dyed in hunting. Ro- ^^ ^'^
duiphuszhe fonne of C'tf/«r^ia?«jandGrandchilde of Hugo /ihbas makes himfelfc
King of Burgundy, the Normans breake in upon France and Germany: the
Hungarians upon Italy, Pannonia, Carinthia, and Moravia : the Chriftian Bri-
tains in a battcll killed 1 5000 of the Inhabitants that were Gentiles. Amulphtts
brought the Hungarians firft into Germany, bywhofe help hee overthrew the
rebelling Bohetaians. The Normans at firft defeat Arnulphas h\i Army ^ but in
a fecond battcll are fo defeated by him that fcarfe were any left to carry home ti-
dings. The Danes who were then the chief of the Normans lofl two Kings Godc'
^ofridand SigfrtdWith 16 Enfignes. Berengarius being affaulted by an Army under
Lambert Vido's fonne was forfaken for his tyranny by his own fouldiers, and fo
loft his Kingdome. otho King of France is driven out by Charles the iiraple fonne
to B alius,
Jrnulphus h forced to make ahothcr journey into Italy againd Lamhert, who
was crowned by Pope forwfl/r^j. He layeth fiege before Rome, and enters it by
the guide of a Hare : which the fouldiers purfuing with hooting towards the
walls, and the V/atch thinking that they were comming to affault runnc away:
and fo the imperiall City, which from Pope Leo was called Lconina is furprifcd 8 9 6'^
by a Hare. Amuiphus'is crowned there by Formofus^ and his enemies areputto
^Q death ^ the Romans take the oath of allegiance to him: the government of the
City is committed to one /'<'r<?Ww. Z/7w^fr/ in hunting was killed by //a^tf Earl
of Millan, whofe Father for rebellion hee had put to death, when he was King.
From this time that Armdphus is crowned , the Germans claim title to the
Empire. The wife of Ftdezwd mother of Lambert was tlitn at Firmum, which
fliec held but againft Arnulphits. Shee cunningly fends to him by his fervant iSpgl
poyfonable drink, which put him in a Lethargy, and fo the fiege broke up. >ir-
nulphiis the third yeare after his imperiall inauguration dyed of the loufie difeafe.
This Kingdome of Italy begun hy Berengarius ^contmucd^to years, till the 32
year of othoxhe. great, whothruft out Adelhertus. The Italian Kings were thcfe,
eQ\. Berengarius, 2.Ftgo. ^. Lambertus. ^. Ludovtc l\\c fonne of Bofon. ^.Hugo.
6. LothariHS\\\\i\\\\i% father, 'j. Berengarius xhc fecond. 8. Adelhertus, To Adri-
an fuccecdcd Pope Formofas who fate 5 yeares : fome thinke that Charles the
fimple-, the French King after the death of Otho, was the firft that wore in his
coat the three hWxs. Roduiphus about this time cre6lcd the kingdom of Burgundy.
To Formofus liiccecded Boniface the fixt, or as fome fay Remanus^ who was Pope
a5dayes. His fucceflfour Stephen thefeventh fate one year^. Hee hated Formo-
fus fo much, that hee condemned and abrogated all his Decrees : drew his body
oiit
i^o Tbefecond Part of the Bo o K- 4.
An.Chrifli. out of his tomb, robbed it of all its pontificall ornaments,an i having cut off three
\^/'>/'\^ of its fingers,commanded it to be flung into Tibns. ^omarms fucceeded who fate 3
months, and to him ^ohn the ninth,who was Pope 2 yeares.It was agreed that the
Bi(hop of Rome fliould be called Pope, and the Billiop of Conftantinople Patri-
arch, and bo.hOecumenicallor Univerfall.
^9 9- To BAfil'm Conftantinople fucceeded Leo his fonne, called the Philofopher
for the love he had to learning. Hce remembring the wrong done him by Jhe-
odorus S'tntdarenHs the Monk in belying him to his Father,firft degraded him (for
noAV he was a Bifliop) then caufed himtobewhipt, and then banilhed to Athens,
where his eyes werethruft out by his command : andbecaufe Photitts favoured 10
him, hee is depofed from his Patriarchall chaire, fent into a Monaftery, and his
brother 5/f^^f« placed in his roome. Hee wasdidiked by his people, for doat-^
jng upon his Concubine Zoe^ whom after his wifes death hce marryed. He made
warres upon Ang&us or Bcrengarins Duke of Lombardy. Hee raifcd fuch cu-
ftomes upon the Bulgarian goods, that they tookeup armes againfthim. Leo
not being ftrong enough to mafter Simeon the Bulgarian King, cals in the
Turkes bordering upon Ifthcr, thefe were called then Hungarians, they at firft de-
feated the Bulgarians, but at laftwere defeated by them: the battell was fo
great, that of the Bulgarians were flaine 20000. and moll of the Imperialifts
were killed. 20
One Bitjilius coufin gcrman to Zoe^ cor.fpircd with fome others againft Le/f^
but the plot was difcovcrcd by 5x'»<'»^i- an Agarcn, aud B.}fi/h banilhed. Leo'^
- third wife was £«^<?CM who dyed in childebed. On the day of Pentecoft as
Leo was going into the Church, hce was knocktdown With a cudgell, and nar-
rowly efcapcd death. One Alexander wis fufpedcdtobe the Authour of this
plot: but nothing could be proved againfthim, yet hee was quartered and
burned. Leo entertained friendihip witli Amulfhtis , and fent him divers pre-
. fents. He would one night try how vigilant his guard was, by difguifing him-
fclfc, and bribing theni with money, the firft and fecond guard tooke money and
let him pafle, but the third would upon no tearmes, but beat him and impri-30
foncdhim. So knowing who were falfe, who true, hee expels the one from
his Court, and advanced the other: hee reigned 25 yeares, then dyed,having
p t I . left the Empire to his fon Conjiamine which he had by his laft wife and to his bro*
500. ther Alexander.
Ludevtc the fourth fon of Armlfhrn fucceeded his father in the Weft-Empire.
His tutors were 0/A(j Duke of Saxony, tundHdtto Archbifl:!op of Mints. In his
fiiinority there were many civill broiles. Znendebold Arntilfhus his baftard was
killed by his own fubjefts whileft hee was ftriving to reduce them to his obedi-
ence. Ltidovk the Emperour for a great fumme of money made France tributary
to the Hungarians,who upon this becoming infolent fall with fire and fword upon 40
the Italian cities beyond Padua. Ludovrc the (onneo^ Be fon drove Beren^ar/us
out of Italy into Bavaria,and upon this disbands his army thinking all was fafe,but
Verona, which favoured Bercngarius calls him again into Italy, who comming
fuddcnly with his Army in the night feifech upon hudovic ^ and deprives hira
both of his eyes and kingdome : fo Berengarms is faluted Emperour. About:
this time Nicolam the Patriarch excommunicates Leo the Greek Emperor for his
fourth marriage •, Nkolaus was entreated to abfolve him, but would not, where-
fore Leo depofeth him, and fends him into a Monaftery,and then fets up Luthymi-
«j 5/wf//«j in his room. After Le^'s death , his brother Alexander gover ed the
Erapire,or rather negleded it,giving himfelf to voluptuoufnefle & gormandifing, 50"
He thought to have emafculated his pupil,but he was hindred by dcath,for having
overcharged himfelf with too much meat and drink, as he was taking horfe hce
broke a vein,fo that he dyed bleeding.
In Germany there were civill wars alfo in Ludcvits time •, for Adelbert Earl
of Bamberg, for 7 yecrs ftood out in rebellion againft the Emperour, the Biibop
of Mitzburg, and Conradus Earl of Eaft Franconie,oppolcd Adelbert or Albert^who
in this expedition loft his two brQthers,wherefore to be revenged he treacheroufly
mwr-
Chap. 4. Hiftory of the IVorld. i^t
murtheredCo/'/Ww. LK^<>wVrummonshimroappeareand to give account of Ati.ChTft
thismiirthcr •, but refilled, whereupon an Aimy is kvyedagainft him. Ha.toVA- \yy\Jl
(liop of Mintz perfwades Aikrt to fubmit hinilclfc to the Empcrour,\vhich he didj
and thenimmediately being condemned of high tic.ifon, he loft his head.- his
pofterity afterward became Marqueifcs of Auftna. There brake out alfo civill
wars in Lorrain, and other places of the Empire, which brought the Hungarians
out of Thrace into Bavaria, wafting Paunonia by the way. Lndovic with all the
ftrength he could make fights tliem tor three da}'cs toi^ether ^ in this battell hce
loft the flower of all the German Nobility, and hunlelfe was forced to flyc: the
10 Hungarians purfue their vidtory with fire and fword, fo that Ludovicns was faine
to buy peace ot them for a great ium of money, which coHi him his life •, for up-
on this he grew fickly and melancholy,and in the 24 year of his age dyed, having
reigned 1 2 years : in him ended the Ufuc male of Charles the Great, from the be-
ginning of whofe Empire, to the death of this Ludovic wtxc III years. He dyings ^-
childlclfe miniftred occafion of much trouble in the Empire,till by confent Hcnri-
Jlcxar/dor Leo's brother on his deathbed recommended the care of his brothers
fonne Confiai^ttine being yet but 7 yeares old, to his mother , and to fome of ihc
Nobility : having made Fhocas Gcnerall of all the Land Forces, and Romar.m an
20 Armenian Adrairall of the Seas : but Cenfi'intirjus Ducas the fon of Andronicus-
aiming at the Empire, raifed afadionagainftthe young Emperour, which was
quickly appeafed by the Tutors and Pr:»torian Guard, who feifcd upon Ducas,
and cut off his head. Then thefe Tutors began to ty rannile, which canfed com-
motions in the City •, and drew the Bulgarians againft them,v/ho fate down twice
before the city^the iie^e could not be railed without much intreaty, and great fums
ofmonynhey pillaged Hadrianople twice, and in their laft expedition they wafted
Thracia,and made incurfions upon MdiCtdoni^.CoriJitwtin^ longing to fee his mo-
ther Z(?£',Avho was baniilied from the Qownhy Alexander .,{[\z is fent for,who fhort-
ly after takes upon her the govcrnment,and removes moft of Confiarntms Tutors.
30 Ronianui the Admirall having removed Conllantines mother from the govern *
ment ar.d mued her up in a Monaftery, he marryeth his daughter to hini, and then
fctting him afide, makes himfelfe and his ov/n fonnes Emperors,and fo ruled the
Empiie 26 yeares, but at laft hee was taken by his fons and banifhed. Thefe fons
Cor/Jiantjfie leiicth upon whom he Ibaveth and makes Priefts of them : and then
ruled all alone. He recovered in Italy from the Lombards Beneventum. Hee had _j ,-,
no luck againft the Saracens. He quieted the Turkes with money which he could
not doe with armes, and converted many of them 10 Chrift, at laft he was poy-
foned by his owne fonne Km/ar,(ts^ after he had reigned 54. years, 13 with his fa-
ther, Uncle and Mother, 25 with 'Kewaaus his fatlier in Law, and 1 5 years alone :
40 but the poy fon being noi ftrong enough to kill him, he recovered and betook him- .
felfe ever after toaprivate life 5 fequeftring himlclle from the world, in hill O-
lympiiswizhonc Thee dor cus Sy'^ctts a devout man: his life was cquallto his
reign, for he lived 54 yeares. Phoc^is Ger.crall of the Land Forces was opprelTed
by the greatneflc of R (?/».«« /w,and his cys put ovx.V^omiinns flighting his fon in law
Cor.jhf.'iine fo much, that he was fain to get his living by painting-, Had made his
owne fonne C^r/y?f^/j'f- Emperour, but hedyed fliortly after. At laft Conjim^
tine being deluded and abufed 26 yeares together by ^om-inus^ and his two other
Ibnnes-, by the help of Stephen his kinfman he laycs hold upon RomMm whom
he lliaved, and ban.lhcd to Prota a fmall Ifie in Bofphorus Thracius. His 2 fons
^o^s they were with him at dinner, were fuddcnly by his command layd hold
on, put in Irons, and fent to keep their Father R«W'»«w company in his exile, in
which one of them ConBmtme by name, as he was ftriving to eicape loft his life. ' "^
To Pope J'shn the ninth, who called a Synod at Ravenna in which he rcfcin-
dethallthcdccreesof Pope5ff^//f«,fuccecdcd5f;#^i://t'? the fourth, who fate 3
yeares : after him came Le» the fifth or fixth,wIio after 40 daycs was caft into pri-
fon by chnfiofher tlie Pricft , who invaded the Popedome •, this having fate 7
moneths , was by i^cpe Sergius the third afliftcd by the French King imprifoncd
and
1^2 Tbefecond Part of the Book. 4:
An.Chrift't ^^^ afterward made a Monk:fo was alfo Chnfopher after he had fate 7 months.Ser-
\J'\''\^g'"s the third fucceedcd,who was Pope 7 years. He rebuilt the Lateran church from
the ground which fell down in hs time. About thefe limes Gregory called the Great,
King ofScotland/ubducd the Danes & Northern Britaines,wcnt over to Ireland,
befieged Dublin,and took it, where he was mddc PiotcifLor of Ireland, during the
minority of young Vttncan the Prince. After his returne into Scotland, he be-
gan to build the City of AbcrdeninapleaHint place betwccnethe two rivers of
Dee and Done famous for Salmons, which beyond Seas are of more account ,
and dearer then any other Salmons. In King Milcolumbm his time,about the year
of Chrift 943. Cumberland with Wcftmerland are annexed to the Crown of Scot 10
land conditionally,that the Scots King lliould fwear fealty to the King of England
for thofe lands.
912. The race of Charles the Great having now failed ^ Conradas Duke of Eaft
Franconi ( his fonne that was killed by AdelbertfM) is by the Pcercs of the Em~
pire made Emperour. Againft him confpire Amttlfhus Duke of Bavaria, Gijil-
^fr/ Duke of Lorrain, znd. Burglard DukeofSuevia, who fend for C^ir''///^ Pofi-
huTKm o\xt of France, with whom //t/>;7 the fon of O^/^f joyns his Forces. This
diflenfion had broke out into a civill war, but that the eruption of the Hungari-
ans into Germany hindred it-, thefe came with their whole ftrength upon Bavaria,
but were defeated by Duke Armtlfhus^ with whom having made their peace,thcy 20
fell upon Italy : where they were overcome by money, not by armcs^and fothey
return to Germany,making havock of all before them, fo that Conradm was fiaine
to buy his peace, by payment of an annuall penfion. After this he profcribcs his
enemies, and drives Amulfhus out of Bavaria, who returns thither again, aftcrthe
Emperours death. He beheaded the two brothers of the Duke of Lorrain : hcc
fufpcded the greatneffe of Henry the fon of otho Duke of Saxony, and the ra-
ther becaufe he was one of thofe who had formerly confpired againft- him -, there-
fore he imployed Hatto the Bifhop of Mintz to catch him ^ Hatts by a golden chain
thoughttohave intrapped him,or elfe by Conradm his army to force him^but Hen-
ry very wifely avoided the treachery, and fortunately defeated the Army. Hatto 30
being troubled in confciencc for caufing fo much bloud to be fpilt,removed himfelf
from the Court,and was eat up by rats. After this Cenradus fals fick-,who notwith-
ftanding that Henry was his enemy, yet knowing his power and worth,namcs him
Emperor3& fo dyedrhe reigned 7 years,& was the firft of the German Emperors.
^ I 8. To Pope Sergim the third, fucceeded Artaflafim the thnrd, who fate 2 yearcs.
About this time anew order of Bcncdidin Fryers,was inftituted in Burgundy by
one Otho or Oddo. Ennim the Goth King of Arragon drove out the Moorcs
that were returned to Arragon and Cdtiberia : there were at this time three
eminent men in Spain,nan:iely Ferdinand^ who obtained the Kingdome of Caftile
and Lcgio. i.C^ra^sf King ofNavar, and3 54«^/«5Kingof Arragoa, Garcias ^q
his pofteritylafted not long, therefore Navar hath becnfubjed fometimes to the
Frcnch,fometimes to the Spaniard.
Chap. V.
The affaires of Italy ^ Germany^ France^ and other laeighbourirtg cotmtreys under
Henricus Auceps, and Otho the Great. 2. The EaHerne affaires tm^er
Conftantine and his [on Romanus. 3. The affaires of the Church.
50
^ I p, ■^T' "Tr Enricus Auceps or Henry the Fowler ffo called becaufe he loved fowling)
■■"^ the Nephew of Arnulfhus the Emperour by his daughter Ludgarda was
^^ -•■the -firft Saxon Emperour, Arnoldns Duke of Bavaria, thought by force
of armes to obtain the Empire : but when both his Army and Henrys were ready
to fightj he fo mitigated y/r»o/^ with his wifdome and eloquence, that he fub-
mittedtothe Emperor^and from him received power to eftablifh the bifhops of his
own jurifdiftion. The Hungarians fornon-paymcnt of the tribute promi fed by
Ludovic
Chap. 5. Hifiory of the IVorU, 1 42
LiidoviCihc Empcrour, over- run //<?//r)''s countrcys of Sa:iony , killing all xht An, ChnQi
men that were above i4yearsof age. //<'»?')( though fickly at that time, yet raifed k^^>/''%J,
an Army, and fought the Hungarians neer Me' burg in the confines of Saxony.
Hee charged his foul die rs to keep off v/itli the Targets the firfl flight of arrows
fliot atthem, andthenfiiddcnlytoruili in upon tliem as they were making ready
to flioot again, which they did accordingly, and by which meanes they 2,ot the
vid:ory, driving thefe Turkilli Farmers-like llieep before them: few of them
cfcaped, but either then were killed, orihonly after by the imprifoncd malefa-
ftours who were fet at liberty to puriue and deftroy the reft of thofe Hungarians^
10 So having quieted Germany, hee creds divers Offices called Marquifats, for
guarding and fecuring the Marches and borders of the Empire from forraigne
force. Againft the Danes he fet up theMarquifatof i'f/>'/?////i-, whence came the
word Danimarchia or Denmarck : againft the Henets heerededthe Marquifat
of Brandeburg : againft the Polonians and Bohemians the Marquifats of Lmsberg
and Mifffe : and againft the Sorabi or Sucvi, theMarquitatof Lufatia. He began
alfo to build the Churches of Mifnie or Meyftln in the upper Saxony, of Bnn-
dehiirg^zndoi Havelkitrg. He caufed c/wr/c j the iimple ffo called for his ftu-
pidity) to fubmit the kmgdonic of France to tlie Empire, and to reftore the kmg-
dome of Lorrain,which he took from Rudbert the fonneot King (9i<>,which Rud-
xohm he killed in a battell, when he claimed from Charlc^ the kingdome of France*
This Charles was fliortly after apprehended in Gafcony, and tl^re committed to
prifon where he dyed the year following : his fon flew into England. Rodtdphus
King of Burgundy takes poftefTion of France, his kinfman Ludovic having extor-
ted from Berengariiis the kingdome of Italy, which he iliortly after loft, and his
eyes to boot. But Berengarius recovered Lombardy, who would have forced
L.imbert to buy the Biftioprick of Milkn, and put divers of his Princes in pri-
fon, wherefore the Italians call in Rodulpbns of Burgundy-, Berengjirtus to re-
fifthim, hires the Hungarians, and by their help takes or kills his fadious fub-
)efts, except EiLdGilikrd whom he difmiftes^ but within 30 dayes G 2 lii>erd
30 forgecfuU ot this courtefie, brings Kodulphtts back into Italy,who being received
by all-, BerejtgariKs haxh nothing left him but Verona.Three yeares after BerengA'
rius got an Army together of perfons difaffeded to ^odiilpbus-^ a bloudy battell is
foughtjin which Berengitrius is defeated,and (liortly after murthered by one Flaf}-
bert whom he had advanced, who for-this murther was hanged by Melo Berenga-
r/«jhis friend.
The Hungarians after the death of Berengarius riige through Italy, take and
jaurn Ticinum. Redulphus do3.ts upon Ermengardu the ftrumpet, and negleds
the publick affaires •, wherefore he is forfaken by liis friends, is forced to flye
back into Burgundy and to leave the kingdome of Italy to HngoEiAc of Aries,
^owho kept good correfpondency with both the Emperours. In this meane time
great commotions are at Rome. Guido MarquefTe of Tufcia husband to Maro'^a^
who was xhou^h. \.Qhc Sergius thethird's Concubine , enters the City with an
Army, kills P^^^r Pope ^Pf'/^/x's brother, in his prefence ftifles the Pope himfelfe
in pnfon with a pillow held to his mouth, fets up ^ohn the eleventh, who was
thought to be the baftard of Pope 5f/_j/«^ by this iW^r <?:(/<?. After the death of
Cttido this King K«^<? marries her -, bywhofe meanes he got Romc,but was ex-
pelled again by Albencns the fonne of Guido the Marquefle by this Maro^ia.Th^
King raging at this affront, revengeth himfelfe upon iW'<;;-/ G«/<^w's brother,
and puts out his eyes, then creates ^<>/tf« Duke of Thufcia, and beftowes Pro-
^QVcnctxx^onRodulphus^ that he might not lay claim to Italy.- after this Hugo o-
VerthroVvS ^rwcW/w Duke of Bavaria at Verona, and drives him back into Ger-
.many. Byit he coi.ld not recover Rome from Albencns^ though he had beftowed
his daughter upon him, nor could he hinder the Saracens from wafting Fraxien-
xxxm^ o, keepe off the Africans from plundering Genua. God blafting all his en-
terprifes,for his iacriledge«ndwhoredomes with his Concubines, among which
was Bertha\\\t widow of Rodutphiis King of France.
Heurj the Emperour overcame the Sdavi^bcfiegcd Prague, and made a league
^44* ' Tbefecond Fan of the Bo o k. 4;
'An,Chri(livi'yth WencepatfsDvke of Bohemia, who the yeare after was tieacheroufly mur-
c,.i5?-v-«i*~> thercd by his hroihcr Bolejlms in the Church. He killed alio 1 20000 Vandals in
9 2. 5. a great battell ncer the Baltic fea, for wafting Saxony. He made Vomjus King of
9 3^' Denmark pay him tnbute,he fiippreffed alfo the Rhcdarii a people of Sclavonia,
and cauled many of the Northern people to receive Chnltlanity. Among the reft
he vc\2.dcChiufa King of jthe Danes to be baptized. At laft having againc de-
feated the Hungarians, and diftribured among the poore , tliat tribute for
§^6. which they had raifcd this war, Hce dyed of a palfie the 18 yeare of his lO
reign.
/ At Conftantinople Stephen tlic Patriarch was now dead, Ivj-phon a Monk is
named his fuccclTour, but conditionally, that after a certain time he Ihould re-
fign his Biflioprick to 7heoph)Ucl^ fonneto Ri'.'^rfw/J the ^Emperour, being yet
very young,this Trjphon was unwilling to doe, till he was pcrfwaded to write down
his name onablank-, and thenCJEfars friends filled it up with a refignation of
the Patriarchat •, to which T'ry/'/'i?;!? was forced to ftand, bekig (though ignorant-
ly) fubfcribcdby him •• and fo aboy of 16 yea res old was made Patriarch.
Inger King ot Ruffia with 1 5000 faile befieged Byzantium, but they were fo de-
feated and difperfcd that few of them returned home. Ludovic fon to Charles
the Simple, after his Fathers death is called home by Hugo. This Ludcvic was
called tranjmirin from his his travelling beyond the Sea. Hec found France 20
full of troubles , therefore marcheth with his Army to Lorrain , hoping to
p'jp. recover that which his Father refigned to Henry, but hee wasrhruftout thence
againe by Otho thefonne of Henr'^^ and Gifelhert Henrfs fonnc inlaw, and
Governour of Lorrain , with the reft of thofe that rebelled are killed by
Otho.
Oth^^the firft furnamed the Great, for his happy government of the Empire
36 yeares , the fonne oi Henry by Mathilda the Saxonwas annointcd at Aix by
the Bifliopof Mintz. Hee firft fuppreft'ed the Bohemians, and then put an end
to along and feditious v;ar raifed againft him by difaffedcd perfons,to their own
ruine. Tancmdrta Otho's brother becaufe he had not the Marquifat of Brandc- 30
berg conferred on him, joines himfelfe to I.krhard^ Count Palatin^ and Cifelbert
Duke of Lorrain , and fo fell upon the town Barduic, and fackt it, but fhortly af-
ter hee was taken and flaine. Hberhard zxm^s Henry otho's other brother againft
him, who is aflifted by Frederic of Minfz, the Emperour having fubdued the fons
of -,4r;?<?/^ Duke of Bavaria, who were in armes one againft the other about their
Fathers inheritance, and having repaired Magdeburg or the confines of Saxony,
which hebeftowedon his wife lor her dowry, marcheth over the Rhenc againft
his enemies, whom he fv.bdued by good counfell more then by force. Many of
them being ftruck with Divine terrour flung down their armes-, and the rather
when they perceived how rcfolute he was in defending the Churches rights,and40
that hce would not confent to part with that upon any tcarmcs, which was de-
dicate to God. As he was at prayer in a Church of Alfatia, newcs came to him
that his chief enemies were overthrown hyConradus Duke of Suevia, that ELer-
hart\va.s{\2An^andGifell>ert drowned in the Rhenc, that the Bifliop of Mintz was
forfakcn by his people and gone they knew not vihkhcr. Henry otho's brother find-
ing all had failed him,comes in black apparell to the Emperoar at. Franckfurr, falls
down at his feet,cals for mercy jpromifing ever after to be faithfull and obedient,
and fo he was pardoned.
Lndovic the French King, let fall the war hee undertook for recovering of Lor-
rain, and marryed with Otho's fifter the widow of Gillekrt. Bertholdus Duke jo
of Bajoaria marryed her daugher. Conradus took to wife Luidgard Otho's daugh-
ter, with whom he had Lorrain. //frW4i^;?«^ Duke of Suevia marryed his only
daaghter to Liiithulfus Otho's fonnc. In Italy Berengarius the younger put him-
fclf under Otho's protedion, which occafioned King Hugo to enter into a league
with the Saracens whom he might have deftroyed, after hee tooke Fraxinetum
their ftrong garrifon ; but Berengarius by Otho'shelp got in afhorttime the P
talians love, who difliked Hugo's government, whereupon Hugo retires to
Provence
Chap. 5. Hiftory of the IVorlL i^M
Provence, where he dyed, and left his fonne Lotkanus xo the councfie of Beren- J». Chrifii
giintis: who being fetled in luily, received in a tax I obulliels of money towards ^u^^'^OisJJ
the removing of the Hungarians thence : fo much Hugo had payed heretofore.
After this 0//'^ with 32 Legions enters France, and (cis Ltidovic thch' Kino at
liberty, vrho was confined for hanging up Heretert hi's fathers enemy, aiid for kil-
ling WiUmm of Normandy. Shortly after this othc made wars with the Danes
whom -he caufcd with their King Haraldxo embrace Chriftianity, which H^irald
afterward was depofed for his '11 government by his own fon Sue,. 0: who deftroy-
ed Religion again, for which he was highly beloved of his people, and 5 times by
10 them redeemed from the pyrats,who had taken him.
Shortly after this Z.«'//w///j//«^<?'sfcnnc dyed of a Phrenfie in Italy. Beren-
garins\\vi Governour befieged his widow Adciheide daughter to King Rddtilfhiet
and heir ol Italy : xhc Queen with Pope Jg.'petHs the fccond, implore Othos help,
who fends his fon Luithtdphns^ and comes after himfelfe with a greater Army.
Bereag.irius ivA Alkrtot Alhericus^^xtcxhxnii out oi xhcix kingdome. Adelheide
is fetatlibeny, andmarryed to the Empcrour. The daughters of Berengarius
are fent into Germany: then Conraam otho\'i.Q'sx in law is made Governour of
Italy, who having taken 5fy^»^rfrw with his fon conveys them into Germany:
but Lmthnlphus or Lvdolphus othos fon diiliked his fathers marriage : and Con^
^C}radm found the Emperour not well pleafed with his fervice in bringirtg Berenga-
r'itis into Germany, wherefore they two confpire againft O/Z^tf 5 zndBerengarius
having fworn fealty to the Emperour is fent back to ^Italy. But Aquileia and Ve-
rona are affigned for Henry Qtho'% brother : this difTenfion coft much bloud ;
but Coy^ri\dus\)^ furrenderingMintztoOf/^^, was made friends with his father
in law : Ludo! finis having feifcd upon Bavaria, feared himfelfe in Ratisbon? ,
Avhere he was fo fti idly befieged , that being pinched with famine , was forced in
a poore habit to fubmit himfelf and to beg for pardon, which was granted him by
his father,but he was (harply reproved by He}}ry his Uncle.
After this the Hungarians who were brought into Germany by the rcbels,com- 9 J j^
30mittedmany outrages, but neerAugufta 1 00000 of them were overthrown by
eight Legions of Othes-^ Co;7r4^«j who had heretofore called them inwasflainc
in this conflict. The Sclavi alfo at this time were deflroyed in Germany. Her-
marinus ^//;/;^w received from 0/^othcDakedomeof Luneburg. So after that
Othohzd overcome his brother Tofiguardus^ and fubdued the Bohemians, Hun-
garians, and dekated theconfpiracyof his brother Henry with his complices;
and had forced // ■'^i' C<i^f//« tarle of Pa; is to reltore France to Ludovie ^ in
which expedition he loft his Englilh Lady Editha.: and after hee had broken the
ftrength of Beretigaruis in Italy , and delivered the captive Queene Adelheide.
whom he marrycd : after he had broken the plot of his fonne Ltido'fhus^zn<i his
4ofonnein hwConradm. After he had vanqiulhidthe Danes, and by the help of
jdddiigus Bifliop of Hamberg, had converted them to Chriftianity, and fetled
3 Bifliopricks amongft them : after he had overcome the Hened, and brought
them alfo to Chriftianity : after all thefe noble exploits and good fuccefte, hee
is vifited with an afflidion, as it were with fome water to temper his wine, in the
death of his fonne Rudolf bui , who had done him good fervice in Italy a-
^ainb Btroigan US , his body was honourably buryed by Will:Am his brother
BiHiop of Mintz in the Church ot St. AWan. Ludolfkis and William were Otho's
fons by Editha.
The death of Xrtrt^c/p^//j occafioned BercrgnriustoRk out again, being urged
50 thereto by Pope ^Sc/,;? the twelfth : fothato//)^ is called again into Italy; but be-
fore he went, he called a Diet or Parliament atRatisbone, where he declared his
fon Otfjo being 7 yeares old Emperour, and committed his education to ^T/iifww?
his brother; upon this he enters Italy, takes :n Ticinum and the other Townes,
purlued Btrengun^s^ and in the way enters Rome, where he is by Pope ^ohn fa- gCit
luted Emperor,and all both enat and people take the oath of allegiance : after this
hee purfueth Bo-tngj'.tcs^ wnom he tooke prifoner,and brought him to Gc many,
where hee was condemned to pcrpetiiall impiifonment in Bamberg, where hee
O dyed
I ^5 Thefecond Part of the Boo k. 4.
'jS^.Chrifli ^y^'^i with his wife. In the mean while the Pope repenting of what he had done,
K^J'^/'"^^ cals Aihertus tht (on o^ Berer(gari(is into the Cky -, whereupon 0th makes ano-
ther journey to Rome ^ the report of whofe march made the Pope and Albertm
to flye: the Citizens take the Oath of allegiance the fecondtime to Otho ^ and
fweare never to create any Pope without the Emperours confcnt. VVithall he cals
9^3- a Synod here, in which Pope ^ohn the twelfth, for his pertidioufneffe and other
crimes is depofed: and Leo the eight is fet up in his roome , who confirmed the
Emperoui's aflent in the eleftion of Popes, with Anathema to thofe that (hould lo
oppofe this decree. Of^o alfo fwore not to order any thing in the City without
the Popes aflent, which oath forae think to be fuppofititious, but when Otho was
gonc,the Romans being corrupted by Albertm call home Pope ^ohi7^ and depofe
Leo: after the death oi^eh/'i one Bettedi^iis chofen.
otho hearing of the Romans revolt, returnes again with his Array, and bcfie-
' ^* geth the City fo clofe, that they were forced by famine to yetld. Pope Bcnedici
is banifhed and conomitted to the cuflody oi Adaldagm bifhop of Hamburg ,w here
he dyed : fo Italy after 5o yeares trouble under divers Lords is fetled by Otho.
Pope Leo being dead, the Romans deiire the Emperour to name his fucceffourjhe
names ^<'/>'» the thirteenth, whom they prefentlyimprifoned. Upon this Otho ia
a rage returnes to Rome, fets up again the Pope, hangs thirteen of the prime
Authours of his imprifonment , whips the City Governour , fets him on an 20
AlTe with his Face backward, and condemnes him to perpetuall imprifonment ,
then becaufe he meant to Itay fomttime in the City,thc better to fettle the people,
he fends for his fonne Otho, and there caufcth him to bee declared Empcrouc.
Nicephorta of Conftantinople fent to Otho to renew the old league between his
Anceftors, & the French Empcrors,to that purpofe oMi? demands Jheophdmatho.
daughter of i?tf>»4«»f, and daughter in law to Nicephorus (or a wife to his fon ;
which the Greeks refufed,and ;.ffronted his EmbafTadourSjwhereffflre he pillagcth
Calabria and Apulia, and at laft in fpitc of them carryed away Theopha»2.t,and
married her to his fon, then returns into Germany ^ where he makes one Her-
wannus Duke of Saxony,a man of mean extraction, but had done Otho good fer- jq
vice ; and had faithfully governed Saxony in his abfence. He beftowes on him
the inheritance of the Marquiile o(Steden there. The laft Duke of this race was
taken by //ew^ the fourth, and imprifoncd, where he dyed without iifue-malc.
1 hen Otho among the Heneti ereds the Biihopricks of Aldeburg,Havelburg^and
Brandeburg, and fubjeds them to the Metropolitan of Hamburg. Amongft the
Sorabihe makes biihopricks of Magdeburg, Merfburg,Cicen, and Wifnen. At
91 Z' laft he dyed fuddenlyofan Apoplexy the 57 yeareof his reign being begun.
He was buryed at Magdeburg : a little before his death, Hme Bifliop of Mintz
who fucceeded?^7////i/w the Emperours fon, was eat up by rats, for deluding the
poore people whom he burned m a barn, calling them the rats of a common- 40
wealth. Otho by Adclheidc had 3 fonnes, He?irj^Brmo^ii.nd Otho his fucceflbur
and one daughter Adelhade^ whom he marrycd to Hugh C^pet Earl of Paris,and
King of France. Or^^ founded a Church in Denmark called from his name O-
tenfta otothoma. In his time Pope ^o^« the fourteenth called a great bell by his
own name, whence came the cuftome of naming and baptizing bells . About thcfe
times the Univerfity of Lovan is founded by ^ohn Duke of Brabant. ParnafTus
a City in Lombardy is overthrown by the Neighbours, and all the Inhabitants
killed, for maintaining the herefie of the Anthropomorphites,they who recanted
their herefie were fpared, and permitted to build Crema, a town hard by. Ste-
phen the firltKingof Hungary, for his piety was canonifed. WiHiam the fe-co
cond Duke of Normandy was killed by Rollo : fliortly after that Dukedome was
turned into an Earldome , and fcifed upon by the French Kings, which mini-
-ftred occafion of long warre betweenc France and England. Ethelfian King
of England got from otho Conjiantines fword , in the hilts of which was
one ot the nailes that faftnedChriftro the'Croffe. He obtained alfo the Lance
with which hisfide was pierced, a peeccq^the CrofTe, and of the Crowne of
Thorns.
Komams
Chap. 6, HiftGryofthe IVorlL
A1
'Koma/tw the younger having poyibncd his father ConHaniine ^ reigned in An* Chrijil
Conftantinople 15 yaires, loyeares vvhilefl his father was alive, and 3 yeares v-i/'V^fcJi
alone. Hec was much addidcd to luxury and wantonneflc, therefore was fur-
named the Childe. Nicefhortis Phgc^ his General! took Candace the chief town
of Crete, whence the whole Ifland is called Candy, and expelled all the Saracens, a d l,'
Hee beat alfo the Saracens in Syna. At laft Komanm having fpoiled his body
Wth luft and glottony, dyed, being 24 years old, a childe both in years andman-
ncfs. His firft wife was Berta Hugo's daughter King of Italy, his fccond rheo-^
fhaftia of whom he had Bafilind Co»JIa^aifje^iind one daughter Theodora who mar- 9 6 ^e
10 lied xoZim/fca, who afterward was made Emperour.
To Pope AnaftafiM the third, fucceeded L^mdm who fate 6 moneths. After
him came J-ohniht tenth 13 yeares, then Leo the ninth followed 7 moneths. Ai-
tev Le0^Stephe»(.xte i moneth. ^^o/;;/ the eleventh; his fucceffour 4 yeares. Leo
the feventh followed 3 yeares. Then came ^^^/'/^i?;? the ninth or eight 3 yeares.
MMims the third fucceeded 3 yeares whole fucceflbur was Agi^em the fecond
7 yeares. To him fucceeded j-ohn the twelfth 9 years, then Leo the eight i year.
^ohn the twelfth returning from his banilhment fate 3 moneths. Benedici the fifth
fct up by the Romans agamft Zfi> the eight, was Pope 2 months. Leo being re-
ftored fate 8 moneths : to him fucceeded ^C;,/,;;! the thirteenth, who fate almoft S
10 yeares. In Scotland a great Army of Danes were defeated by means of one Hx'j
a country man and his two fons •, the Scots at firft were forced to flye being over-
powered by the Danes •, but this Ua'j with his two fons being at plough, met thera
in a narrow lane,and upbraiding their cowardife,made them for Ihame return,who
fell with that violence on the Danes, that they utterly deftroyed them. Ba'j
was rewarded with as much land as a Falcon could flye over at one flight ,
which was 6 miles in length.- Whence came the noble family of the Hay^ whofe
chief is Earl of Arroll. ,; . ,.-,,,,..
3° CvHAP. VI.
Ihe E^Jferfj affaires «»^(r;' NicephdrusPhocas,Zimirces,Barilius,<i»^Cohftan-
tinCi 2. of the We(iernunder Otho the fecond. 3. OftheTurks^andfome other
pafitgesofthofetwtes. . . <,
R Oma/i ti4 hcins, dead and his two fonnes Consiantine QiX\d Bafil ^ as yet toa
young to meddle with publick affaires, Nicephonis Phocas is bytheEa-
ft'ern Army declared Emperour. ' He marryed with Theofhmia the Wi-
dow oi Romamis , He defeated the Saracens in CiJicia, recovered much of Afia
40 and Syria, and took in Antiochia the MetropoUs : butbySeahisfuccefle was not
fo ^oodjioi Manuel his Admirall loft hisl-leet and Army, and was taken him-
felfe by the Saracens. Bringes the Chamberlain thought to have beene Emper-
our,and to that purpofe was incouraged by Zmiifces Generall of the Land Forces,
to look after it •, but he was hated by the people, therefore Nice f horns carryed it.
Poljeuclm the Patriarch would have diflblvcd the Emperors marriage with Theo^
fhania^ pretending a fpirituall affinity, becaufe hee had been Godfather to one of
her children-, but inthe Synod which was called for that purpofe, it was conclu-
ded, that the Emperours marriage could not be hindred by fuch affinity. This
Nicefhofrm was a good fouldier, but a bad Emperour, for he oppreflcd the peo-
50 pie with heavy taxes, pinched them with hunger by ingroffing the corn, and rai-
ling the price thereof. He abafedthe coin, and yet railed the value of it. Where-
fore knowing how hateful! he was to the people for his covetoufnefTe , and bad
fuccefl'e his F.lcet had in Sicily, being fpoiled upon the Syrtes by the raflinefTc of
young Mwud the Patrician 5 hee caufed an high wall to be built round about his
Palace •, but that could not fave him ; for foon after the vyall was finilhed,although
he kept the keys of the gates himfelfe, yet he was found out by Zimtfca and the c-
tljcr confpirators, who being pulled up in baskets, gotoverthe wall,andinthe
O 2 nighc
1 48 Tbefecond Part of the Bo o k. 4.
/If}' chr/pnight tirtic break inf6^his chamber,where the-murthered him. Mot long before his
L>-x-\/-"^j deathj as he was in the Forum, the people railed and flung ftoncs at him-, fome
9^9' think his wife TheofhAnU had a hand in his death, being jealous that hee would
defeat her fonnes by her former husband, of the Empire, and confer it on his
brother Leo. He was no friend to the Church, but envycd her wealth complain-
ing that it was mifpentby the Clergy, therefore would not fuffcr any lands or
money to be given by legacies, or other wayes on Churches or Clergymen. He
dyed the 57 yearc of his age, and reigned 7 yeares. The Saracens be- 10
ing inraged at the great lolles they had fuflained by Ntcephoms in Syria ,
they burned downe the goodly Temple of Chrifts Sepulchre, with the Paui-
archinit.
969. NHtfnortis being murthercd, Zitftifces invades the Empire, whom Polyinetas
the Patriarch would not crown, till he had clecrcd himfelfe of the murther,and
banifhed Theophania, (whom others call Theodora) and all the reft of the con-
fpirators, and till he had repealed Nicephorm his Ad concerning the cledion of
Biihops, to wit, that none be cholcn B;lliops without the Emperours conient: all
this being performed by Zimifees, and having fworn that he did not touch NicC'
fboriis^^Hc was crowned by the Patriarch, who about a month after dyed,to whom
fuccecded Baftlim the Monk. Zirmjces obtained a great vidlory over the Sara-
cens as they were befieging Antiochia. He made peace with Otho by fending 20
him his wife Theophanitijwho was crowned at Rome by Po^c^o^n the fourteenth.
He made B aji I and ConjUnttne the Cannes o( Roman t^-^ conforts with him in the
Empire. He fubdued the Roflians and Bulgarians, by Bardas Sclerus his wifcs
brother, who tooke the Bulgarian King prifoner, and made them fue for peace.
After which vidory he rode intoConftantinoplc in a triumphant manner,carrying
in waggons the plunder of Bulgaria, and the Image of the Virgin M^'ry with great
folemnity.Hccaufedftamp upon his gold and filver coin, this infcription, ^eftts
'9 7 5* chrifi Kmg of Kings-, at laft having reigned almoft 7 yeares, he waspoyfoned
by Bafil his Chaniberlain, for reproving his covetoufnefre,and threatning to take
hisplace from him. Ztmifces favoured the Manichees,and called them out of A- 20
fia into Europe.
$6^t About thcfc times Mieflaui Prince of Poland received the Chriftian Faith, and
was baptized : from which year the Polonians began their Calender. Harald King
cf Denmark with his wife and fonne Sueno are baptized-, who before worlliipped
$6 6. Chnft and Idols together, now they flung away their Idols being induced there-
to by /'t'/'^o a Clergy man, whocarryed before the King a burning Iron in his
hand, without hmt, Edgar King of old Albion fas he was ftiled then) perceiving
how England was obnoxious to forraign invafions,as firft by the Romans,and then
fo often by the Danes and others -, for want ot fliipping, caufeth a great
Navy to be built, which hke wals fliould fccurehis Kingdome. Egbert had 40
built fome fljips before,and 50 years after him Alfred^hwt they were either difufed
or confumed by the enemy.
Otho the fecond being twice declared Emperour in his fathers time, once at Aix
^ '* and the fecond time at Rome, is by ail received, after his fathers death, except
by //fwr^ Duke of Bavaria his coufin german, who by the help of fome Bifhops,
caufed himfelfe at Ratisbone to be proclaimed Emperour. otho funimons him
to fliew caufe why he afl'umed that title, he perceiving his owne errour, and
how few came to aid him, layeth afidehis claime, andfubmits himfelfe to the
Emperour, who gave him his life, butbanifliedhim, and bcftowed the govern-
ment ot Bavaria upon Otho Duke of Suevia, his nephew by his brother Lu- ^q
dolphus. He caufedalfo//4ro/^theDane, ATf/fo the Polonian, and Sp/jflaun the
Bohemian-, who had entred into league with Her^ry^ to lay downe their Arms. But
whikfl 0/^i) is thus imployed, io/W//^ the French King by force, of armes la-
bourcth to regain Lorrain. otho marchcth againft him with an Army, at the re-
port of whole approach Lot haritis Ryes -J upon this oM^; purfues him, wafting
and burning all before him, even to the walls of Paris, then having burned the
fuburbsj retreats with his Army laomcvyards, Lotharius purfueth him in the rear-,
many
Chap. 6, Hiftory of the IVorU,
_ H9
many of Oiho's Ibuldicrs were drowned in the river Axona, and many hee loft at J;i. Chrijii
ArduenHa; and if he had not made the more haft, he had fallen into the hands oi U/WJj
the French. Yet fliortly after peace is made, and Lorrain is reftorcd toO^^(?,though
the French Peers ftormed at it. Some parts of the country the Emperor affions to
the Bifliops of Collen and Leege-, the reft hebeftows on C kirks the brother of Xo-
thtiritis^ conditionally that he lliould hold it in fee of the Emperour, as a Province
of Germany.
Things at home being thus compofed, Othe intends an expedition againft the
Greeks and Saracens. In his minority he had done his Father good fervicc in A-
lopuliaand Calabria, againft the Greeks: whom he drove out thence .' butwhileft
hee is bi Tie at home , the Greeks by the help of the Saracens of Sicily, undet
Bafil and Coffjlantirje recover thefe countreys again , being loft by Nicefhortts,
Otho to regain them raifeth a great Army of Germans and Italians, which under
Otho Duke of Suevia expelled the Greeks out of their Garrifons of Iftria and
Dalmatia. At Bencventum a great battell is fought, in which Otho ,was defeated,
and he hirafelf hardly efcaped.-for he flung away his arms and clothes,that he might
runnethe move nimbly towards theBayof Tarentum, where his wife Thee^ha-
Ttia was, but before he could get to the town , he was intercepted by the Sara-
cens, and fo was fain to leap into the Sea , and there was taken by the enemies
ao fliips, who not knowing him, let him goe again for a pcece of money, fo he came 982^
fate home; where he raifeth a new Army,and returncthinto Italy, to fight the
Saracens, whofe Forces he utterly dcftroyed •, after the battell he punilheththc
Roman and Beneventan fouldicrs , who treacheroufly forfooke him in the firft
conflift-, the chief Romans he puttothefword ataFcaft, andtheBencventinshe
punifhed by the toiall deftrudlion of their City which he levelled withthc ground. 983*
Shortly after he dyed at Rome,having reigned 10 ycars,and was burycd in St. Pe-
ters Church in a porphyrie tomfcf.
About \\\\.si\m^ AdeWert Bifhop of Prague being weary of the Bohemians,
went down to Pannonia, and baptized Geifa King of Hungaria ; thence he went
30 to preach in Boruflia, where hee was torn in pceccs by the Barbarians. To Pope
• ^^fj/i/? the fifteenth fucceeded^^^eia^/c? the fifth or fixth one year-,he was ftarved to
death m the caftle of St. Angelo. His fucceflbur was Donnus the fecond,one year.
Boniface the fcventh followed who fate 7 moneths. BenediBxhc fixthor feventh
his fucceffour fate Syeares. S/^?/'^*?^ King of Hungarie fends to Pope Benedici
to have the title and Crowne of a King conferred on him, which he obtained;
but thisfivour was dcnyed to it//ff//?^«j Duke of Polonia, whofentto Benedili
the Biilwp of Cracovia- St. Edward x.\^t fonne of Edgar King of England, and a
hopefull Prince was murthered by his flcp-mothcr to advance her owne fonne
Bthelred-^ whofe Kingdome layd in bloud profpercd not, but became tributary
40 to the Danes ^ who laid heavy and yearly taxes upon the land , before whicfi
time impofitions called then Dane-gelt were not known in England. Othohzd.
by Theofhania otho the third, yet a childe ^ Hugo or Uhictis MarquifTe of
Saxony, and $ daughters. Otho's minority occalioncd new troubles in the Em-
pire.
Zimifces being poyfoned by Baftl the Eunuch, the Eaftern Empire came to ^j- 9 7 J»
fil and Corijiantmc the fonncs o^ Romantis the voungcr. Confimtine was more ad-
dicted to his pleafures,then to govcrnmenc.B^/// being 20 years old^ and Cenfian'
tine the 17. began to manage publikc affairs by the advice oiBaftlxho. Eunuch.Hc
recalled his mother Theopha»ia to the Court, being baniflied thence. Fearing
50 the greatncffe oi Bardas Sclerf(s^[oc2.ikd from hisharlh orharddifpofition,who«"'^M^^
had done in the Eaft great fcrvice, he tooke much of his po\^cr and command
from him, making him contcntwiththe government of Mefopotamia. But hee
would not be content to be thus affronted, therefore raifeth all the power he had
in the Eaft againft B.ifil, defeats his Army, and takes in Nica'a the Metropolis
of Bithynia : upon this Phocas Bardas is fenc for from his banifhnlent,and is made
Generall of all the Forces of the two Ciefars. He in a Duell having wounded
Sclents^ put to flight all his difturbcd Legions. Sclerus was fain to flye to Cofrtes
O 3 she
^-Q ThefecondPartofthe Book. 4^
•, 'chnftt the Sultan of BabyloiT,but being accufed of treachery, he was imprifoncd •■ So B>tftl
^^' - nbein<^ freed from civillwars, rcfolvesto recover Calabna, and Apulia, T/'^^i^^^-
»/4j°dowry. Or/^ointhcfixthyeareof his reign, marchcch into Iraly with a grcac
Army, to defend his wites dowry. In the fiift confld he defeated the Greeks and
Saracens, in the ft cord he was defeated, ss we have faid . About this time oUus
King of Noraway converted his country to Chriftianity,and fcnt fliortly after fomc
to convert Ifland.
'Ba^il I nderftanding that George Lord of the inward Iberia, had invaded the lo
bounds of the Empire, fends an Army againft him, and forceth him to buy his
peace for a great fumme-, till payment ot which he gave his Ton as hoftagc, but
he afterward flood not to his promife ; therefore Ba^d\ Army fell upon him ,
and utterly defeated his Forces, Hee fubdued alfo the Saracens in Sy
riaand Phoenicia. Shortly after he and the Bulgarians fell at variance for fomc
wrongs offered by them to the Greeks. About which time thercgall family o£
Bulgaria ended in Peter who was now dead. Thereupon 4brotfiersofanancicnt
family flrovefor the principality : Three ofthcfe failed by death, the fourthi .^4-
tnuel byname, taking advantage of the civill wars of Greece invades divers, of
their towi.s which he tooke. 5<i/»/ upon this undertakes an expedition againft Bul-
garia, where his Army mifcarryed by the treachery of his Commanders. And
withall P^^<:<«^ who before had defeated 5f/f>-«j-, now rebels againfl ^4/?/. For he 20
finding himfelfc flighted by Ba^il, whom hee had delivered from fo great an
enemy, invades the Empire 5 but hee was overthrownc in divers battels , and
at lafl dyed fuddenly. Bajil alfo had good fucccffe againft the Bulgarians,
by the induff ry of his Generall Unnw. He took fome townes beyond Mount Hc-
mu$,and the next year he invaded Bulgaria himfelf, and rebuilt the Greek Garifons
in Theffalia that had beene demoliflicd , about the time that Verewundus
King of Spaine had overthrovvne Almanfer Lord of the Corduban Sara-
cens.
Samuel King of Bulgaria could not be quiet from molcftingthc Grccksj where-,
fore Bafil[<f[\\\c 38 year of his reign fuddenly falling bchindc the Garrilons that so
kept the narrow paffages between the hils, put them to flight, and withall tookc
1 5000 Bulgarians , whofe eyes hee thruff oiit, Icaving^nely for every hundreth
a Captain with one eye, to conduifl the reft, thefe heefentto Samuel^ who be-
ing affrigted of fo many calaniitous people, became fuddenly vertiginous, and
within two dayes dyed. His coufin German S/'*^/''/?^^*^ to be revenged , raifed an
Army.,?but this alfo was defeated, and he himfelfeflain, foatlaft Bulsaria was to-
tally Uibducd, and the chief Nobility was tranfported to Conftantinoplc. Hereupon
(hortly after the Crabits and Syrmium the chief c City of Pannonia fubmittcdto
Caefar.
At thcfamc time the Turkes, a race of /^#«w/ inhabiting the North fide ofAO
Caucafus, were fentfor, andimployed by 2f.^^tfw;/, Sulran of Per/is and Media
againft tire Pcrfians , who were animated by Imtrgus ( who was of the bloud
royall of Perfia) to rebell,and vindicate their liberty, from the Saracen yoakt.
Cofroes then had ^W/w 5f/^r«/ with many other Chriftian(buldiers,hcpromifcd
to fet them at liberty, if they did defeat the Perfians, which they happily did. So
Sclertis having obtained theviiSoty, returnes to the Chriftians, and joines him-
felfc to BarJiU -fhocas, who was then contefling with Bafilioxiht Empire. He
cunningly fcnt his fonne i?tfw4«ffj as a fugitive to affift Baftl-^ whileft he himfelfc
ftayed with Phocas^ to the end that if 5^/// prevailed, Romams his fonne might
procure his Fathers pardon; if PW^r^ prevailed , that then hee might obtainc iiisjo
fons pardon. Baftl having got the vidory, Rowatitis who was now become his
favourite, pcrfwadeshim to remove the Eunuch ^^///^ (by whofe meanes Ze-
mifces was murthered) from all government being he was hated by the people;
this was accordingly done , Zemi[ces fhortly after dyed of griefc. phocas
alio dyed fuddenly. Sclerus by his fonnes meanes is made the chiefe Steward of
the Palace. But before came to Byzantum, hee loft his Eyc-flght with age.
The Prince of Iberia being now dead, Bafil feifcth npon it. He recovered alfo
Media
Chap. 7. Hiftory of the World. 15 1
Media and Chazaria the 4yearc of his Empire, and made the Princes of Tripoli, An.Chrijii
Damafcu*;, and others who were plundering the Territories of A ntioch, to become \y>^'\J,
his tributaries, thus being pufri-p with vidorics arid wealth (for he bad heaped
togcrheriococo talents ot gold, bcfidcs jewels, pearks, and an infinite made of
filvcr) hee began to flight both citizens and fouldiers, and to account of learning
as a thing life lefie, which made him more feared then loved of his people. So
intending to recover Sicily from the Saracens,i'cnds his Fkct before with a purpofe 102 t,'
to follow himfelfj but his journey was hindered by death. He had lived and reigned
72 years, 50 alone.and the reft of the time he was Co-cnperour wich his Father ;
10 then with Nice^horm^znd. after him with Z.mfces,
Ahcr the death ot Baf Iiks h\s yonvgcvhvothcr ConJJaKtifie ruled xhc Empire 3
years,by others rather then by himfclf. For he could fcarfe fpife fo much time
riom whoring^drinking,dicing, hunting,and Stage playing. Under him divers towns
of Syria and Phenicia, re-aflumed their liberty, and killed their garrifons. He fcnt
twice to fupprefTe the Saracens in Italy and Sicily, but did no good. Yet by his
Gencrall Conjlmtimis Diogenes^ Governour of Syrmium snd Bulgaria, hce
drove away the Scythians beyond Ifther. The Governour of Samos over-
threw the Saracen Fleet which had wafted the Cycladcs. Hee caiifcd Ejj-
manus Jrgyrus to marry his daughter Zee^ having taken his former wifeioa >«
iofrom him, whom hee fliaved, and put into a Mon-.fteryj but the third day af-
ter the marriage, he died the 70 yeareof his life.- in his haft and furie heulcd
to kill or blind his chiefe Courtiers, and thcnio >vecp and repent when itwis,ioa
late. . ''":■■' ■ ■■ .d i:: -ij.oi-!^; I : •, ,::., r- ' .:Oiyu.' :
Cofroef the Saracen being dead, Mahewet h'is Cucccffout infcriour in ftrength
to PifafiriHs Prince oi the Babylonian Arabians, was fain to call in theTurkes
(as wehavefaid) for his afliftance •• by whofc help he overcame the Babyloni-
ans and Indians: but having other enemies to buckle with, he was loath to Ice
tbe Turkcs goe home, till they had done the neft of his work •, therefore hee dc-
taincs them inPerfis,and befets theriver Araxesfover which they were to pafs^
5-^ with ftrong guards. The Turkes were highly incenfed, that they fhould be forci-
bly kept from their native countreyby him who quietly injoy^d his own country
by their meanes : wherefore inaragetheyforfooke him, and being about 3000
tooke pofteffion ;of the mountaines,and fell to plundering the Saracens. Mahomet
to drive them out of their ftrong holds fends 20000 men, who were put to flight
by Tangrolipex MiicaletHs the Turifli Prince. The Sultan inrag'cdat thisdifgrace,
blindcs many of the Captaines who were fent againft the Turkes, and fo terrified
his Army with threatnings, that moft of them fell off from him to theTurkes,
The Sijltan 'O be revenged raifeth-an Army of 500000 men, who were all defeat-
ed by the Turkes. So Araxes being now made paflable, the Turkes came
4°fwarming in upbnthe Teriitories of Babylon, and fo they obtaine the Saracens
Kingdomc.
':l!70J ^i'.'
Ch AP. VII.
The affaires of the Weficrn Emfire under Otho the third, Henry the feccnd^aiid
• Conrad us //^f/fff?;;^. 2. Di'vers parages of Enghwd, ScolLwdj Italy , France
andether farts of Europe. 3. offemePoP/s.
50 •^"V 7''^'' the third, asyetachilde fucceeded tohis Father, forwhofe fake hee 9'
§ 1 was beloved, though difaffeded by fome becaufe his mother was a Greek.
V..-^ Therefore Henryhxs coufin german, andDuke of Bajoaria took upon him
to be young Othe's Protedor, and to rule the Empire.- but the Saxons being
mindiull of tl.eir oath and allegiance to Otho, by the help of the Princes got the
young Emperour again out of >/^»r^j hands , and reftbred him toTheophmia his
mother, and Adelhid.i his Grandmother, under whom he was bred inallkind of
divine and humane learning. His mother fome few years aftcrdycd, fotiiat his
Grand-
7 hefecond Part of the B o o K. 4.'
. . ^^,,^/^- Grandmother had the iole education ot him, tillheby theevill counfell of fomc
\y'\<'\J gi'c^" heads, puts her away. In his minority new troubles fprung up, Crtfctntim
the Roman Conful will have the City choofe an Emperour of their own, and caft
oft the Germans in France. ie^A^n^j makes wars upon Germany for the Duke-
dome of Lorrain,vvhichO/^i) the fccond took from him. In Germany //f/iry the
Bavarian returning from banifnment, after the death of Of /^e'^/zcx/zc^^, not ondy
recovered Bavaria,but aimed alio at the Empire. «f
When Otho was come to yeares of difcretion, he falls upon fetling the Empire :
in the interim Lotlunim was forced by death, to give off his challenge of Lorrain.
His fonne furvivcd his Fat'ier but one year : Charles alfo dyed , the brother of lo
Lethanm^ as he was challenging the kingdome of France, v/hich Uugh Capet
Earle of '-'aris invaded and obramed now the whole race of Charles being ex-
tindl. This Hugh began the third race of the French Kings which hath lafted
till this day .- the firft race began in Merofhem or Clodo'veus^znd. ended in Hilde-
rnm. The fecond which began in Fifin and ended in this Ludo'uicih.tl^ik. Hu-
go ;acknowledgcd Othe for Emperour, and permits oiho the fon o^ Charles to en-
joy Lorrain as in fee from the Emperour. But dcbarres him from his right in
France.
V . (?//'<' having feded Germany, bends his whole ftrcngth to appeafe the diftra-
^ions of Rome and Italy. Therefore underftanding that Crejcenttus did domi- 20
necr in Rome, and hadthruftoutthe Pope, he marcheth tliither with his Ar-
my, but in the way at Ravenna, newcs came to him, that the Pope was dead,
wherefore he appoints for his fucceflbur Brnnno his kinfman, fon to Otho^ Duke
of Suevia, and nephew to Ludolthtts^ whofe name was changed to Gregory the
fifth. He is fent before toRome,the Emperour with his Army followes, who be-
ing Ictinto the City, pardons Cre[cemtus upon his fubmifrion,and then is crowned
Emperour by ihePope. Allthingsbemg there Ibtled, he marcheth back toward
Gcimany, but he was not gone far, when Crefcemiw thrufts out Gregory^ and fets
WY^oharmes Placcmrms a wealthy man, and withall fortifieth the City with Bul-
warkesagainffafiege. Hee flauts himfelfe up within that ftrong and fpacious30
building called then Moles Hadrtani^ being his buriall place, then the tower of Cr^-
fcentfus^ now the caftle of St. Ai^gelo. Otho hearing of this, rcturnes to Rome,
the Citizens open the gates, prefuming on pardon, which was promifed to Cre-
fentius , if he did deliver up his flrong hold,which he did 5 but the promife was
not kept ^ for Crejcentttn being carryed on a jade through the City, with his face
b.ackward, and torn by the people, was at lafl hanged with 1 2 more of his affoci-
ates, Johannes Placentwus h^i^hisnok cutoff, and his eyes put out, and then
was flung down headlong from the Capitoll: the other Senators that were ac-
cefTary to this plot Othd banill-ied into Saxony. Upon this fedirion it was agreed
between the Emperour and Pope, that the Germans alone (hould have power to 40
choofe their Emperour, and the Pope to confirme the Eledion. When hee is
chofen he was to be called Citfar, when confirmed by the Pope, Auguflus. By
which meanesallfadions both in Italy and France, for the imperi all place and
dignity fliould be prevented. And Italy with Germany fliould be the ftrongeru-
nitcd againflthe incurfions of Saracens, Turkcs, and other barbarous Nations.
This would be a meanes alfo to quiet the Italian Princes , who fell out among
thcmfelves, and ambitioufly ftriving for the Empire deflroycd one another,and
chiefly by this the Popes power was bridled, who tookeupon him to nominate
Emperours, which caufed much bloud Ihed. There were 7 eledors appointed
to avoid confufion and quarrels, to wit, 3 Bifliops of Mintz,Colon, and Tre- 50
vers, and 4 fecular Princes, the Palfgravc, Duke of Saxony , Marquefle of
Brandeburg, and King of Bohemia: but whether thefe were ordained then by
Otho or afterward, when the Empire was in tlie Family of the Suevi, is uncer-
taine.
Otho having fetlcd the Empire , undertakes a pilgrimage to the bones of Adel-
ben in Polonia, where being magnificently entertained by Bolejhus Duke of
Poland, by way of recom pence, hee named him King : and eredcd there an
Arch-
C H A p. 7. Hiftory of the World. 1 5 5
Archbifhoprick at Gncfnau, under which were Crocovia,Colberge, and Vioti- dn.chrijii
(laen. Suffragans. He was forced to make a new journey to Rome, to appeafe Ky\'\J
the commotions tlierc raifcd by the Pope, for being excluded from the Emperors
cledion. There he fell in love with the widow olCrefcenttus pretending to marry
"^cr, but when flic perceived, that hee meant no fuch thing, upon his returning to
Germany, flie prelentshim withapaireof poyfoned Gloves, which killed him itoi'.
the 30 yeare of his age, of his Empire the 19. He dyed childlefle, his former wife
jv/dry,daughter to the king of Arra;^on,he caufcd to be burned,becaufe flie had falfe-
ly accufcdandcaufedtobeputtodeathayoung Noble man, with whom fliee
to was in love, for that he would not polkitc the Emperours bed at her inftigation;
to be revenged of him, flie accufeth him as if he meant to ravilli her, where-
upon he was condemned and executed . But his wife Ihortly after to prove his in-,
nocency, carryed in her hand a burning iron without hurt : Which induced
O^/'o to doe juflice on his perfidious Emprefle. otho's bowels were interred ac
Auguftaor Ausburg, by i/^A?ry of Bavaria his fucceffour,who beftowed on them
a marble tomb: his body wasburyedat Aix. He was a prince indowed with fo
tnuch wifdome, learning and piety , that hee was called the wonder of the
World.
In Otho'sixmt arc recorded flrangc prodigies, as uncouth earthquakes and^9 5.
aoComets,fliowres of wheat and little fiflies out of the clouds. In Sicily necr &^
tna were heard Ihange cryes and yellings, which were then fuppoied to be the
complaints of tormented Ibules in purgatory ,whence the feaft of All fouls was or- 9 S* 7«
dained. Fire brake out of the river Rhcne which burned down the neighbouring
villages. Great Frofls in the midft of fummer, which deltroyedgrafle and corn,
whereupon followed plagues and famine , and the eruption of the Sclavonians
upon Saxony. Vlodomirta Duke of RufliaismadcaChriftian.
To Bentdtfi (\xccteAtd^ohan the fourteenth,who was Pope 3 months,and then
vas impriibned ; whereupon 5fl/?{/rfff the fixth was re-inthroned, and fate fourc
months, his luccefTour ^ohn the fifteenth fate 8 moneths : to him fuccceded ^ehn
Jothe iixteenth, who wasPope loycares. Gr<'^o>-)'thefifthhisfucceHbur2 yeares.
^ehn the feventecnth a Greek and Magician,thru{t out Gregory for 10 raonths,but
•was himfelte deprived both of his dignity, eyes, and life by Otho^ and Gregory
rcftored, to whom {\xccctd!ti\Cerebertus or Sjlvcfier the fccond, a Mathem.ati-
cianand Philolopher, and therefore in that rude age, lie was thought to bee 1
witch. He was firft Archbifliopof Rhemes 5 then of Ravenna, lafbly of Rome,
where he fate 4 years.
Much about the fame time the Empire of Germany, the kingdom of France,
Poland, Hungary, and Bohemia wereeftabliihed ^ ar.d tliekingdomeofthe A-
rabians in Corduba which had continued 300 yearcs, had its period ; and theni 000,
4obegan the Hebrew tongue to flourifli there , under R.^-cfeph^ who turned the
Thalmud into Arabick, then an Academy of Saracens was eietted at Ba-
bylon.
In England the Danes were generally maffacrcd for their intolerable tyranny
and oppreffions, whereupon Swam King of Denmark armed witli rage and
power, came with a great Fleet, and conquered this land, drove King Ethelred
to Normandy, but upon the death of ^ir^/wf he was called home-, whofe Forces
Knute or Cumtus Swuines fonne defeated. Ethelred being dead, his fonne Ed-
n/tt^'d Jrofijide fought divers battels with the Danes, net without good fucceffe,
till at laft he was betrayed and utterly defeated , and fo dwnim obtained the
joKingdome. But neither i'nwwe nor his fonne Camtush^d fuch good fuccefle in
Scotland, for in two feverall battels they were woifted : in thcfirfl5jv<««e was
utterly defeated,and hardly efcaped with his life:in tne lecond Camn was fo wcak-
ned, that hee was forced to fue for peace, in which it was agreed,that the Danes
fliould depart Scotland, and that neither Scots nor Danes fliould molefl one a-
nother, during the lives of Mtcolurnbtisxho. Scots King, and Sw.nne the Dane.
Yet this MillcolHrnbui or Malcolme^ whom the Danes could not hurt was after-
ward murthciedby fomeof hisownfubjedsinhisbedy becaufeoffome oppref-
fions
1 <5 4 Tbefecond Part of the B o o K . 4<,
An.Chr (liS^^^^ committed, or at leaft permitted by him upon his Nobility 5 but vcn-
fc^«ii«k^-^ gevincc purfiied the murtherers immediately after , even the lame night-, for ha-
ving miftaken their way in the fnow, they fell into alake, in which they were
all drowned, mcnandhorfe, as they were flying away, the ice breaking under
them.
Otho the third being dead without children, Hearf thcfecond fiicceeded : hee
was Duke of Bavaria, a Saxon by bloud, but a Bavarian by birth .• He was the ne-
phew of Otho the firft by his brother. In the beginning of his reign he was oppo-
sed by Ethard^ MarquiflTe of Saxony, whom 'Luiuirius and Bermo Dukes of
Saxony killed. He/jry alfoMirquifTe of Auftria, with his brother Bmnno Bi- 10
fhop of /^ usburg madeinfurredtions againfthim, but they were quickly fuppref-
fed. So having fetled things at home he went againft the Heneti, who had fallen
off from Chriftianity, which they had imbraccd in 0/Ao the firfts time, and were
now become heathen Idolaters, having firftdeftroyed their Churches, andmur^
tliercd their Bidiops. But //f«r)' brought them again under the obedience of Chrift,
and made them rebuild their Churches, then he endowed the Bifhopricks with
new rcveneus, chiefly that of Marburg, to which he affjgaed a great part of the
fcarldomcof Marburg. Having fubdued the Hcneii, he made wars upon the two
Bolejlatiy the one king of Poland, the other Duke of Bohemia : thefe having
flowcn out into op:n hoftility againtl him, he caufed to fubmit to his obedience, 20
and to doe him homage. He converted alfo the Earldome of Bamberg ( Earlc
iJ/«(?/^ being dead without children) into a Biflroprick, and fo inrichcdand ho-
noured it, that hee made the chief Princes of Germany the Bifhop of Baraburgs
Vaflais, and to doe him fealty, fo that the Elcdors as yet hold of him in Fee ,
whaifoevcr they enjoy as Elcdors. He fupprellcdalfo theinfurrc<5tion of i/f»ry,
and Theodoriciis brothers to Cunegunda. his wife, who ftormed becaufe they could
not enjoy their fiflers eftate being now dead, and which the Emperour had diflri-
butcd among the Clergy men. Thefe two bi others raifed an Aimy againft him 5
invaded and took Ausburg, then thruft Brmno the Emperors brother thence 5
but the Emperour overthrew them both in abattell, and depofed Henry from his 30
Dukedomt^yct afterward upon fubmiflion, reftored him.
Hcrmannis Dukeof Sueviabcing dead, he made Ernejius husband to Gifelhis
coulin oe: man Duke thereof, and fo having fetled the troubles of Germany, he
'* addriffes himfelfe for Italy, to take poffeffion thereof as Emperor, to fupprcfic
the Greeks and Saracens there, and tofubdue ^rduinus whom the B'lihoips and
Nobility had proclaimed Emperour at M!llan,who in two great battels was over-
thrown by the Emperour and flaine. Henry was taken pi ifoner himfelfe, but ha-
ving deceived his Keepers, leapt down from the wall, and fo broke his thigh,
1014. ^vhichmade him halt ever after, whence he was called HenrpheUmc. After this
vidory he was crowned Emperour by Vopc BenedsH. After this hee marcheth^
towards Apulia and Calabria, againft the Greeks and Saracens, who were ftrug-
ling for that part of Italy, a fhare whereof William Dukeof Normandy had ta-
ken from them under 0//;o the third,and at laft that whole country of ^rf^i^/iGz-^e-
<r/<j became fubjeft to the Normans. But at this time Henry fubdued both the
Greeks and Saracens, and tookc from them their New Troy, which the Greeks
1022. ^'^d lately built in Apulia -, in that fame place where anciently Hannihals campc
lay. This was the third journey that Henry made into Italy, and the laft. In his re-
turn homeward, he had conference with iJc^tn King of France, about fctlingthc
State and Church : and to that purpofc they appointed to g^ve the Pope a meeting
l^^o 2 4. at Ticinum, but death prevented this , for the next ycare after he dyed at Gro- 50
ning the52yeareof his life, and was burycd in his own Church of Bamburg.
Hee reigned 22 yeares. Being childlefle, hee nominated Cenradm foi- his
fucccfTour. -Hee was a pious and a munificent Prince who, (as they fay"> lived
perpetually chaft with Cnnigmda^ though marrycd. Hence hee was called
Saixit.
In his life lime he had many wars with the Poloni3ns,Bohemians,Italians,Ruf-
fians, Greeks and Saracens, in all which he had good fucccflc. He had a dangerous
war
C H A p. 7- Hiftory of the World. 15 5
~~\var mxhBaldrvin Earlc of Flanders about the Dukedomeof Lorrain, vi\\ychhc dn.Chrijl
oave away after the death of Duke otho^to GodefridPv\ncc of Arduenna: but V-Z^VX^
^e^ry by the helpc ot Ro[?ert King of France, and Richard Duke of Normandy
took Gantand wafted Flanders, fothat Baldwin was fain to lubmit, who recei-
ved in Fee from the Emperour, the Ifle of Zeland, with the City Valentina. In
the time of this H^/^ry, the Tinkps tooke Jerufalem from the Saracens, and over-
threw the Temple which Conftannne had built there. The King of Denmark with
a ^rcat train went to Rome, to intreat the Pope that the Churches of his king-
dome might be exempted from the jurifdiftion of the Archbilliop of Hamburg .•
10 the Pope promifed to fend a Cardinal! thither, for that purpofe, but nothing was
done in that matter till Gregory iht feventh, who fubjededall the Churches of
Denmark, Swcthland and Noraway to the bifliop of Breme. The Tranfilvani^
ans by the mcants of -S^e/^fw King of Hungary rcceivedthe Chriftian Faith-fot
he tooke Giult with his wife and children prilbners, who being releafcd were all
baptized, Cmmus King of Denmark and England, obtained alfo the kingdome
of Norraway. Rainmir thefonne of Sanclms Major was fitft King of Arra-
gon. To Syhefier fuccecded Pope ^''^^^ the feventeenth or eighteenth, who fate
4moneths: his fucccflburjffl^^ the nineteenth fate 4 yeares, to whom fncceeded
Sergius the fourth, who was Pope two yeares. BenediSi the feventh or eight fate 1 1
lOycarcs: andfo many yeares fate his fucccffour ^'-''^^^ the nineteenth or twentyeth.
C/t»«f»j King of England marryed -Ewwf widow to king Ethelred. He went a-
bout to extirpate thole of the royall blond of England •, therefore fent away the
two fonnes of the late king Edmund^ and his brother, to be murthcred abroad',but
they were by divine providence prcferved. Hee went to Rome, and freed
the Saxon Schoole which the Kings of England had ereded there, from all im-
pofltion.
From the Saxons the Empire of the Wefl is tranflared to the Francs in the per- 1 0 1 45
fon of Conradus the fecond, who is called Salicus becaufe the country of Franco-
nia was called Salia, from the river Sala, whence came the Salique law, with the
30 French, which by the Salii or Francs were driven out of Franconia. The Em-
pire continued in the Saxon Family about 100 years 5 this Conradus was de-
fcended of the ancient Gibelins in Franconia. Hee marryed with Gifil Henry
the Emperours kinl'woman by whom hee had a fonne called alfo Henry. In the
beginning of his reign he was threatned with wars by his coufin german , and
competitor for the Empire, C«;!;o the younger. By ErneBus alfo the Emperors
fonne inlaw, by Frederic of Lorrain , by Boleflaus King of Poland, and if <?-
bert King of France, but all thefe clouds he difpelled by his wifdom and dexterous
carriage.
The third yeare of his Empire he prepares an Army for Italy, to quiet the
^ocommotions there : and withall holds a Parliament at Aix,wherehe declares his
fonne his fucccffour: whom 3 yeares after he made Duke of Bavaria, Duke
Henry brother of S. Cuniganda being dead. Hee caufcd thofe of Papia who
had dcmolifhed his Palace to rebuild it, hee quieted the people of Ravenna,
who would have driven him out of the City , and rewarded a fouldier who for
hin» had loft a leg in that skirmifli,with a boot full of filv^er. From thence he went I o a 5»
to Rome, where he was crowned Emperor by Pope ^ohn , and was conduced to
his chamber by two Kings,namclyC<j;^«f/« King of England, ^xidKodulfhus king
of Burgundy. At Rome two fouldicrs falling out about an Oxe hide, the one being
an Italian,the other a German, raifed fuch a tumult that many were flain in it, the
^pRomans being worfted, were fain to beg pardon bare footed with ropes about their
necks-, which they obtained. Cowr4^«fbeftowcd Apulia upon the Normans to be
held by them in fee of the Emperour for the defence thereof againft the
Greeks.
Whileft Coftradits wasinItaly,J'y<?dfwV of Lorrain, C««<7 of Wormatia , and
Ernefius of Alemannia Dukes confpired againft hun ', but Frederic dycth be-
fore the plot came to maturity. Cuno was glad to demolifh all his fortifications to
obtain the Emperours favour. Ernejlus having pillaged Alfatiaand Burgundy was
at
I ^.6 Thefecond Tart of the B'o o K.4.
Jlfi. Chnfti ai: 1^^ k>ilakcn by his louidicrs, and lb yeclded himfclfc a pnioner -, but attcrward
v\yVA^ flying out ayaine, was fo horly purfned by the Emperours guard that they inclo-
fed him wirhinawood, and flew him. About x\\\%xnntConradus broiwht i»f/-
feco the Polonian in fubjection, who had expelled his brother Otho ou: of the king-
d-nneby themcansofG//?^thc Empriflc, he was reconciled to Com\idus , and
1032. was restored to the third part ot Poland. He quieted alfo the Francs, French,
and Bohemians and Stephen King of Hungary, who made war upon Conradus for
the Diikedome of Bavaria, which he claimed as his fonncs right, being the childe
o'i henry the Saints filler ; but the war ended byrhe death of Emencns Stephens
fonne. 10
Kod^lpfjifs Kingof Burcundy by his will bequeathed his kingdome to Ccma^
J o 3 5. dus . but Otho nephew ro V^odulfhus by his filter laid claim to ir, and thought by
the fwordto obtain it, but he loll both it and his life to boot, being killed in the
battel!, and fo Burgundy was made a Province of the Empire , having continued
a jkingdome, from the death of CarolusCalvus 144 years. It was made a king-
dome under Arnnlfhus^w. was afterward parted into the Dutchy^which the Eraper-
our retained, and the county which fell to the King of Francc,this V>.odu!pbuswho
gave it away was the tenth and laft king.
After Cotiradus by his fonne Henr'j had (ubdued the Bohemians,he marryed hira
to Cnrielindit daughter of Canutus king of England andDcnmark^llie being brought 20
to bed of a daughter to him, dyed in Italy, and was buryed in Limburg , at that
time the bifliop of Millan with fome other bifliops of Lombardy, railed a fadion
againft the Emperour, which he fupprcft by taking in of MiUan,Parma, and the o-
ther rebellious towns, and by banifliing the feditious biihops. So having quieted
Lombardy, he rcturnes to Germany, and puts his fonne in pofleffion of Burgundy.
Hermanmis Duke ot Swevia being dead oi- the plague in Italy, the Emperour bc-
I o J 9' flows that Dukedome on Otho nephew to Otho the third, Emperouf by his fifter,
at laft he dyed fuddenly at Utricht in Frifia the 15 yeare of his reign, the year be-
fore dyed St. Cunignnd^ and St. Stephen^ king of Hungaxy. Cofiradus was a valiant
and wife Prince ; he ibewed princely magnanimity in his warre againft Mifeco^Q
king of Poland, whom Vdalricus the Bohemian tooke prifoner, when hee fled to
him for flieltcr. The Emperour hating the treachery of him that did betray
his truft, would not countenance the 1 raitour , nor receive the King as a pri-
foner. Hee was buryed at Spire in the Church which he built himfelf.
About this time in Ferdinand the Great, were united the kingdomes of Caftil,
KavarjandLcgido, by the marriage of^4>zJ?M the onely fifter and heir of Vere-
nrnnd^ and at laft Aragon alfo by the death of '^amirus his bafe brother. In Eng-
land to CamitHs fucceeded his fonne Harald^ who reigned but 4 yearcs, in which
time hee.baniflied his ftcpmother Emme, and put out the eyes of Jlfredhcx fonne
by Ethelred^and caft him into a loathfome prifon,where he dyed. In Scotland king ^q
I>onaid did homage to Canutm for Cumberland. Hee was murthered by Macbeth
his coufin german, who got himfelfe to be proclaimed king.The Danes had fo ma-
ny overthrowes in Scotlandjthat they vowed never to returne thither in a hoftile
manncr,for not oncly were they deftroyed by the fword, but many of them were
poyfonedwith the juice of feeds oiSolanumfomniferum^ an hearb we call Night-
ftiadc mingled with their bread and wine. ^
CHAP,
Chap. 8. HifloryoftS^orU: 15^
. ■• £.' Afi. Chrifii
Cha»; YIII. .v^rv?%^.
T^e affaires of the Eaflem Empre under hxgyxo^o\\xs^^ Michael, Calaphates,
Zoc, Theodora, <a/?<^ Monomachus. 2. of the Tmkes and Pofes of
thefe times. ■^. of the Polonia»,Hrf/>gariajt^Ef)ghJ]}y Scott/Jh^ and other affairs.
ti
COnltamine the Greek Emperour being dead, Romanus the third , called
Argyropolus^ from his too gieat bounty, or rather prodigality, fucceeded.
Hee to ingratiate himfelfe with the people took off the tribute, which
they called allelengtum-^ impofed on all rich men by Bafil. This was to bee paid
by wealthy men to the children of thofe fouldiers which had dyed in the warres to
confirme his title. He put away his wife, and married with barren Zoe the daugh-
ter of Ctnsiantim^ flie being 50 yeares old, and he 60. He inrichcd the bilhops
who had been beggered before : ^ndihzxi\^tdi7heodoraZoes fifter intoanlfland
upon fufpition : and fent Con^antine Diogenes for affcding the Empire into a
ftrong tower, where he killed himfelfe by leaping fiom a high window, left he
Ihould be forced to difcover others that were of the plot with him. He beat the
Saracens at Sea,but was beat by them on the land : for as hee was ftriving to reco-
jQver thetowncs of Syria. which his predcceflbur had carcleflcly loft, he was over-
come and forced to flye to Antioch-, whereus hee might have had thefe townes
without lofle of bloud, had hee hearkened to reafon rather then to ambition,whilcft
he ftdved to extort that by forccj which was proffered in love ^ yet by the help of
Amnas of Tripolis, whohad fallen off from the Egyptians, hetooke in two
caftlesin Syria: but could doe no good againft the Saracens in Sicily nor againft
the Normans in Apulia being aided by Conradus Cxf^r. Under him George Ma-
niiices took Edeffa by ftorm, where finding the Epiftle which as they fay Chrift
•wrote with his owne hand to King Alg^rtu^ he fent itS to Conftantinople.'but Ihort-
ly after this 'Romanus by exadions oppreffed the people : and bccaufe hee could
JO not make his old barren wife fruitfull, hee began to ftight her, at which the libi-
dinous woman being impatient, began to dote upon Michael the Paphlagonian.
This the Emperour fufpeftcd, but Michaelhy oaths d-enyed there was any af-
fedion htiw cent Zoe and him, for which perjury he was taken with the Falling-
fickneffe,which abated Kornanm his fufpition ; for hee thought that Zoe could not
affedl one troubled with that difeafe : bucatlaftRe^^/?/^/ was poyfoned hy Zoe^
and being one day in the bath, the adulterer held downe his head in the water, till
hee was almoft ftifled, and then being laid in his bed,dyed immediately , having
reigned 5 yeares,and 6 moneths, to whom by Zoes help fucceeded Miehael.
Michael for his adultery and murtheris rewarded with the Ealtern Em.pire, at j q , 4,
40 firft he ihewed himfelfe a good Governour, but not fo good a Scholar as his pre*
deceffour, who was skilled in the Greek tongue, in Philofophy, and in the laws.
All the while that Michael was Emperour, his Dominions were vexed with co-
mets, plagues, ficcity,fterility, earthquakes and locufts, which fo devoured tJK
• fruitesof the earth, that the Inhabitants were faine to change their habitations:
thefe locufts were by a ftrong winde carrycd into the Hellelpont,and rhere drown-
ed, but after they were left dry upon the Ihoare, they revived, and for 3 yeares
together wafted Thracia, tillatlaft they were deft royed at Pergamus. At firft
Michdel made much of Zoe^ till hee was throughly fetled, afterward he kept her
up fo clofc, that all her fervants were removed from her , and none fuffered to
5 0 fee her, or fpcak with her, but by leave of the Captaine of the watch,who exami-
ned thecaufc of their comming. Some thinke 3//f^<tf/wasvifitedwithancvill
fpirit, which to palliate, he called the Falhng ficknefle. Hee made three yeares
peace with the Amir as of Egypts widow.Under iiim George Maniaees by the help
of France recovered all Sicily from the Saracens, after they had poffeft it 2jo
yeares, who were at civill warres among themfelves. But Stephen fooliftilylcc
the Sultan efcape, for which being ftiarply reproved by Maniaces, hee wasaccufedf
\yj Stephen as if he had aimed acthe Empire. Upon this George is imprifoned ,
P an4
j_ eS TbefecoiiPartoftbe Book. 4.
'^I~fl^d Stephen made Governour ofSicily, who in a ftiort. time loft it alUgainc;
I .^^-^r^ Michael falling into an Hydropfie,an4 fo unfit for govcrnmcnt,and being touched
1041. in confcience for his murther and adultery, entrcdimo a Monaftery, where hee
dyed, having firf^named for his fucceffour Michael CaUf hates ^ his nephew by his
fiftcr he reigned 7 yeares. In his time a Thracian woman killed a certain ftran-
oerwith hisownfword, for offering to ravifti her, which fad was fo approved
by the 1 hracians, that they crowned her with garlands, and flung out his body
into the ftrects, who as a felf- murthercr lay there unburycd.
Muhael CaLiphates the fonnc of Stephen who loft Sicily, was adopted fucceffor
by Paphiago^mdconfirmcdhy Zoe, who made him fwear, he would be faithfull 10
and loving to her, but he quickly forgot his oath and duty. For he banifhed Zee,
and depoii d his Vnde ^ohn from his Governmentjby whofe help he obtained the
Empirc,when he tell on his knees to Zof,befeeching her to ccmRT:m Michael's adop-
tion. He cmafcukited moft of his kindred : but for this his infolericy, the people of
Cor.ftantinoplc rofe in armes againft him.calls home Zoe with her fifter Theodora,
makes ihcm lay downe their monafticall habit , and afTume the imperiall-, in
the tumult 30C0 Citizens were flaine by the Pra:torian Guard, yet the Citizens
prevailed who thruft Michael . vi'iih. his uncle CoapaKtine into a Monaftery,
and then put out their eyes, and drove them out of the City. Not kng after
old Zoe marry ed againe to Coiifiantim Monotnachits whole former wife was 20
the nephew ot liomanus ArgyefoUis, \\vci\ Michael had banifhed upon fufpition
of his too much hmiiliarity with Zoe. But now hee is called home, with
his wife Sclerema : fo now the Empire is guided by one man and three wo-
men.
1042, This Cor-jl amine Monomachui is confirmed in the Erapire,which he much weak-
ned by his prodigall wafting of the treafure, which made him lay heavy taxes
on the borderers ot the Empire, to keep otf forraigners, but the borderers grew
carelefte, and let all break in that would , when they faw the treafure exhaufted ,
and the burthen lye on them, thxy knew their condition could not be worfc under
ftrangcrs. Michael GovernourOf I>yrrachium,(now Durazzo a City in Mace- ^q
donia on the Adriatic,) under J^/t'sfw^t^w was killed with 40000 fouldiers by
the Sc) thians, whohad wafted the Triballians and Servians people in Mefia join-
ing upon Pontus. George Mantaces, was animated by • his Army to invade the
Empire, which he did •, but he was flaine in Bulgaria-, though his Army had the
better of the Imperialifts.aad fo this ^var ended. Leo Torencius kinfman to Mette-
ntachm did alfo enter in competition for the Empire, -which Monomachus percei-
ving, catfed him to be fl:aved with intent to put him in a Monaftery. But hee be-
ing well beloved by the Macedonians, was received at Adrianopolis, where hee
quickly raifcdan Army, with which hee bcfiegeth Byzantium, and had taken it,
but that he was dull and neglc died his opportunity, permittijig the Emperours^o
Eorces to incrcafe, by which in divers battels he was overthrowne , and at laft
taken alive by his enemies, who thruft out his eyes. vUdomirus Prince of Ruflia,
for having had one of his men killed at Byzantium in a quarrell, rai fed an Army
of I ococo, which in boats made of one peece of timber;, called Monoxyla hee
brought afore Conftantinople^conditions of peace were offered him, which hee
refuted, therefore his Army and Fleet inGodsjuft judgements were utterly o-
verthrown.The BofTini a people of the Eaft,were fubdued by Menomachus.
At this time the Turkcs were grown fo ftrong, having taken Babylon , and
fubdued Media, that they fend an Era baffie to the Emperourik/<?»tfW4crA«j offering
to make a league with him, conditionally that he will become tributary to the jo
Sultan, but the EmbafTadour was flighted, and fent back without any anfwer ;
whereupon the Turkes overrun the taftern Provinces, even to theSeaCoaft of
Byzantium, where they encampe ov€r againft the City. Monoraachushzd lately
fubdued the Pazinac^e a people of Scythia •, and having converted them to Chri-
Hianity, placed them in Bulgaria : he fends 15000 of thefeto Iberia to fight a-
gainft the Turkes 5 who had taken ■•Liparitas the Iberian King prifoner , and
Hiadeliim fwear never to raife armcs againft the Sultan any more. But rhefc
Pa2;inaf«
C H A p. 8. Hifiory of the IVorlL i 5^
Pazinacse would go no further then Chryfopolis, therefore they fwim their horfes An. Chrifi^
over the Hellcfpont, and join thcmfclves to their country men, wafting Thra- v».^"V^ji
cia, Macedonia, and other parts neer Conftantinople ; at laft , after divers skir-
mishes, they make a league for 30 yearcs : in the meanc time the Turkes make ha-
vock of all without control ^ for the borders lay open, being the Gnrifons were
difchargcd for want ot pay. But the Turkilh conquefts were a little flopped by
a vidory obtained againft them by the Prefident of Media , and by the ci-
vill warre that fell out betweene the Sultan of Pcrfia and his brother A-
braham.
10 Mommachus being long troubled with the Gowt, fell at laftinto a Pleurifie and 1054.
dyed, having reigned almoft 13 yearcs. He left the Empire to Theodora Zit'%
fifter, who dyed not long before, being 70 ycares old, Shce reigned alone almoft
2 ycares •• fo finding her felfe aged and fickly, by the intreaty of the Peers, (he
names Michael Strattoticus for her fucceffour and then dyed. To Pope J^ohn the'°5 5*
nineteenth or twentyeth fucceeded Btnedtci the eight or ninth, who late 1 5 ycares.
But his chair was invadedby5)/'y(?/?frthethird,who fate one moneth, and then
was forced tofurrender his pontificate to Btmdi£i again,and in this fchifm Gregory
thefixthischofen, who fate 2 years: fo that now Rome is like the three- headed
Cerberus. After them came Ciemens the fccond, who fate p moneths.and after him
40 Dartta[ct(s the fecond, who was Pope 2 3 dayes •, then came Leo tlie ninth, who fate
5 ycares. About thcfe times Ca(imir of a Monk and Deacon became Kmg of Po-
landjbcing the next heir, with whofe orders and vowes the Pope diipenfed* Queen
Rax J. the mother of this Cafimir^'iox her mif-government was fain to flye from the
fury of the people, wiih this her young fonne- fornotonely had (liee incenfed
her ownfubjefts, but the RuiTians alio who broke in upon the North , and the
Bohemians who pillaged the South part of Poland. In memory ot this dif-
penfaiion given to Cafimir^ the PolonianKnights,at certain folemnities in the
Church ufe to weare long white furpluffes, after the manner of Priefts and Dea-
cons-, the Plebeians were taxed by the Poll to pay yearely one penny towards
30 the maintenance of a pcrpetuall light in Saint Peters Ch\Mch.: they were
alfo injoyned to bee fliaved on the crowne like Monkcs , and to weare fliorc
haire.
Berengarius the Archdeacon broached his dodrine againft Tranfubftantiation,
whichafterward he recanted, whether willingly or by force, is dou,btfull. The
dignity of Cardinalls began about this time to be in rcqueft. At Rome was found
aGyantsbodyuncorrupted, which being fet up vfght, was higher then the City
walls : Its Epitaph was this. Here lyetb Pallas the j'ome of EvMdir^ killed bf
lurnus his Lance. The Hungarians fell off again to Pelagianifm, and killed the
Clergy : but Andrew the fourth King of Hungary, made it death for any man m
^0 his Kingdomc to profeffe Paganifm.
In England i/W/jt/;«r fonofir»«/ by Q^tnt Emme fucceeded to Harold,
whofebodyhecaufedtobeuntorabcd, the head ftruckoff, and flung into the
Thames. He punilheth fuch as were guiliy of the death of Alfred his brother
by the mother. Hce ojffended the whole State by grievous taxes •, he called home
Bdvi>ard)[(v3 other halfe brother out of Normandy-, then dyed fuddenly the fe-
cond year of his reign : and in him ended the Danifh Kingdomc in England, ha»-
ving laftcd but 26 ycares under thefe 3 laft Kings. Edward the Confeffour
is crowned. He was fon of Eihelred^ and is commended for his gcntlenefl'e, con- 1042.
tinency, and piety, who with his touch cured certain difeafcs. Yet the Earl Ged-
50ji'7»madeinfurredioriS againft him, becaufe hce favoured the French too much
that were about him,being led altogether by them : till at laft hce made his peace
with the King-, whereupon the French forfook both Court and Kingdomc : which
occafioncd the firft difkcence with France.This Prince having reigned 24 ycares 10^5,
dyed, his corps was interred in the Church of Wcftminftcr, which hce had
founded a little before. In Scotland Macbethus having treachcroufly murthcrcd
King2)»»w»,invadedthcKingdome, andfor lyyears po0cflcdit, untill Mileo-
lumbns the flain Kings fonne being affifted by King Edfvard of England ^jth
lopQQmca^KCQVQizditiiom Macbethus. P % Cuaf«
^^<^ thfecondVmoftbe^ Boo if. 4^^'
The trouUcfome apires of the Wefi, mdtr Henry tke third, md Henry the
fonrtk. 2. The afaires 6f Italy. SPAi/f,P0rtftgd^f}cily. ^i The PefCi^
thafetmes. .~ '^ ''Z!'/''^'"^r-':/''
Y* "TT Emy the third, firnanned the Bkck, from -thtcolour of hts hair, fucceed-
^ '^ 1 1 ^^ ^o his Father Conradus, againlt him Frat/fiaus king ot Bohemia made
JL. JLwarre by the affiftance of P^ffr King of Hungary •, in this warre Henry lo
loft the chief Commanders of his firft Army- His expedition againft the Bohemians
was fruftrated, becaufe they had flopped all the palTages and high-wayes by cut-
cingdowne the wood es. But in his fccond expedition hee forced them to fub*
mit, and to pay the annuall tribute which they had refufcd. Hee had another war
againft the Hungarians , who had depofed King Piff ^r grandchildc to Stephen for
being too favourable to ftrangers, and for maintaining ot Chriftian Religion :
but pretending his mif-government-, Ovo was the King thcyfet up againft him.
Uefiry employes Leopold Marquifl'e of Auftria , who having recovered a great
part of Hungary, forced this new King to beg for peace and pardon, which was
^ranted him .• but afterward falfifying his oath and promife, hee renewed the war aO
in which hee was utterly defeated, put to flight, and at hft being apprehended,'
was brought to Peter ^ and was by the Icntence of the Pcercs of Hungary
1050. beheaded. But Peter would not bee induced to forHikc Chriftianity and
to profeffe Paganifmc, wherefore the Hungarians confpired againft him, and
fcnt for his kinfman Andrew whom they had baniflied ; him they made King , and
put out Peters eyes,who fhortly after dyed at Alha Regia.
After this Henr'j marryed with y^j^^^wthe daughter of W///m»; Prince of Pida-
via •■ hee rejcdled the Mufitiansand Players that came to the wedding, think-
ing thcfe fooleries farre below his imperiall gravity .- but hee could not enjoy
peace long; for Godefrid Duke of Lorrain entrcdinto league with the French 30
king, and with Baldrvijt of Flanders, to expell his brother Gottello out of his
part of the Dukedome, that fo hee might injoy all alone .• this fo inctnfed Henry
that hee caufed him to bee apprehended and imprifoned, yet upon his fubmifTi-
on hee let him goe, and fent him with aid to Pope Leo the ninth ag'ainft the
Normans. In the meane while BenediB the mT\x\\,Sflijeficr the third,and Gregory
the fixth. Anti-Popes made fuchftirsin Rome and Italy, that the Emperor was
forced to repaire thither, and to call a Synod at Sutrinum not far from Rome. la
this ^(r«(f<5//c?, who had fet up his refidence in the Palace of Lateran,-Sjf/i/<'y7<rr at S.
Peters^ and Gregory at S. Marks^ were all three depofcd, and Sindeger or Suideger
Bilhop of Bamburg was eleded,who was named afterward Clemens the fecond. 40
In this Synod alfo was confirmed the former Ad, that no Pope fhould be chofen
without the Emperors confent.
After this Henry being crowned Emperour by this Clement^ marcheth with
his Army into the farther part of Italy, to compofc the differences becweene the
Normans and Lonabards, fome whereof were yet remaining there ; fo all things
there being fetled, Hee rcturnes for Germany •, but before hee could get out
of Italy Pope clement the fecond is poyfoned , and immediately after him
Pope Dam/fta j therefore hee was faine to choofe Pope Led the ninth , who
was the third hee chofe before his departure from Italy. This Leo being af-
terward to ftayinRome, accompanies the Emperour into Germany, where in 50
the CouncfU at Mints affcmblcd thei-e by Henry, the Pope was forced to
fubmit and give way to the Bifhop of the place , who claimed it as his
due.
After Henry returned from Italy, hee made an expedition into Hungary, a-
gainft Andrew xhdt King, to revenge the death of P^/er-, but hee had nofucccflc
in this intcrprifc: oncly Andrerv the King was flaincby a fall from his horfc,
and tjodc under foot. Hee banifhed C^midus of Bavaria, for his mif-govern-'
mcflt
^59
C H A p. 9 . Hiftory of the fVorld.
ment, and for cnrciing into league with the Hungarians, who aclaft made their J». chnjt}
peace with the EmpciOLir by promifing to pay a yeerly tribute, and to furnifli v-<i''*V^iiJ
him with Auxiliaries upon alloccafions. Conrams dyed in his exile: where-
upon//f^^ry made his young Tonne //i"/?/)! the iciirth Duke of Bavaria, being but ^^
2 yearcs old, and got him to bee declared Emperour. Then hec fent back Pope '
Leo into Italy with an Army under the conduifl ot Godefrid Duke of Lorrain
to fiipprefTe the Normans, who at firfl were put to fight, bur recollediing their
difperled Forces overcame their overcommers. Shortly after G odef rid i:nanycdiQe el
with Beatrix xhe widow of 5»«//vicf Marquife of Tufcia in Italy , Henrj fiifpe-
lofting that Gtf^f/r/^(whorc Faith was wavering, and fpiritam.bitiousjby this mar-
riage aimed at the Empire, returnts with an Army into Italy to put a Hop
to Godefrids intentions; in the interim hee crownes his fonne at Aix , being
4 ycares old. Hec flayed a yeare in Icaly,\vhere having fetled all things hee in- 1 q ^ 5.
vades the Sclavi of Lufati3,by whom his army was totally routed, and he fliortly
after dyed ofgrief,after he had lived 40 years,and reigned 17: he wasburyed at Spi-
ra necr his Father ConradusM^ was a good and mild JPrincerhis firfl wife was daugh-
ter to the King of England, who dyed childlcfle. His fecond wife Agnes bore him
i/^»r)i the fourth.
This Henry the fourth was 7 yeares old, when his Father dyed, who
20 committed to his wife the care of this Pnnce .• and his education to ConrA-
dm a Noble man of Suevia« Shee wasalfo trufted with the Government of the
Empire, which prudently fliec managed for 5 yeares Ipacc •• but afterward be-
ing depofed by the plot of ibme Princes in Saxony, ll,ee lived privately in a Mo-
naftery.The young Emperour is conveyed fraudulently into Saxony by the Bifliop
of Colen. £f^£r/Marquiffe of Saxony, and O/zcthe Saxon who lately had obtain-
ed Bavaria of the EmprefTe, pretending that they would breed the youth in Mili-
tary Difcipline, and State affairs which he could not learnc under his mother, buc
rather effeminatenefs; whereas indeed their aime was,cither to procure to themfclves
the Empire, or at leaff the adm.iniftration thereof during the childes minority*
30 In the interim the fouldiers grew licentious and outrageous for want of difci-
pline , and having got to themfclves a fit Captaine Otto the brother, begot of
W////4wMarquifleof Thuringiabya.Concubine, they began to rob and plunder
Saxony, this theevifli Army of robbers was at lafl defeated by Bruno andEdert
brothers, Marquifl'es of Saxony, being affiftedhy.theEmperours Forccs,the battell
was fought above Mesburg, where the young Emperour was placed a httle way oflp
from the Army, asaterrourtotheeneniyjandafpecflatourofthc vidory. In this
conflid Briifto was flainc, and fo was Otto the ring-leader of the robbers, whofe in-
heritance in Thuringia was feifed on by Echert MarquifTe of Sixony, who ereded a
Colledge of Canons at N3umburg,and iranflated thither from Cyzicum, the Epi-
40 fcopall Seat.
Hei^ry being 13 yeares of age, undertooke the managing of the State j
and firfl hee affifted Salomon his kinfman King of Hungary , againfl Bela who
thruft him out of his kingdome .• this Bela's Army Hefiry overthrew , arid re-
eflabliflied Salomon in his kingdome : then hee waged warre againff the Sclavi of
Lufatia with good fuccefle •, but the Saxons Itorming that the Empire fhould
bee anywhere, except among themfclves confpired againfl the young Emper-
our , the authour of this confpiracy was Otho Duke of Bavaria , whom a little
before Henrj had fent into Italy with the Bifliops of Colen and Trent, to confirm
the Italians in their allegiance to the Emperour, and to demand the ordinary trr-
5obute. 0/^i?byinfinuatinghimfelfe with the Princes of Italy, brought a fufpicion
upon hirnfelfe, that hec aimed at the Empire. The chiefe adors with him itl
this confpiracy were the Bifliops of Magdeburg and Halberflad, with feme Dukes
and MarquifTes. But he quickly overthrew their Forces by the help o^ RodHlfhM
of Sucvia,and others. This -R«>^«//>/^«5 being defirous to take up the differences,and *
end the war, interpofed hirnfelfe as a Mediator between the Emperour and them jbut
they rcjeif^ing all mcanes of reconciliation,werc apprehended and imprifonedjaftcr-
P5
i6o TbefecondPartofthe Boojc^4;
jiti.chnjiivii^^ cfcnping out of prifon, they grow more c;iger and fierce againft the Emper-
^^^^j^'-N/-**-* our then before. Otho the Bavarian was not indeed in the bactcll, yet he was con-
vidted oftrcafon againft the Emperours Hfc, wherefore hec loft Bavaria: which
caufed him to raife new Forces againft He/iry out of Saxony and other
places.
1073. Pope Gregory the feventh, called Hilddra»d hdote, was chofen without the
Empcrours content againft the ancient lawes of cledion, Hesjry to bee revenged
of this wrong ; raileth an Array , but hee was pacified by Gregory for the pre-
fent, who not long after makes a decree, that henceforth the Emperour flwuld ^^
have no hand in the Popes eledion, andwithall cites Hei-jry to make his appear-
ance in the Court of Home, to anfwerto fuch things as ihouldbee objeded a-
gainft him, concerning his wicked life andfimoniacallpraftifcs in permitting all
Billiopiicks and Chuich-dignitics to be bought and fold. At this the Bifliops
ot Germany ftormcd, but the Saxons were glad, v/ho :iflift the Pope againff
107^. Henry. Hee therefore to cleere himfclfe lepaires to Rome in the midft: of
Winter, that the fentence of excommunication againft him might bee taken
off. Hee was forced toftay from morning to evening bare-foor, and without
any food before the Popes Palace , ere hec could bee admitted inro his
prcfcnce, which was not till the fourth day after, then being admitted, and iharply
reproved by the Pope, hee is injoyned todifmilie his Army, toforbeare medlmg20
any more with the government of the Empire, orclfe to hold it of the Pope,and
withall to call a Parliament. The more fierce was Gregory againft him, becaufe
hee iiad called a Synod at Wormcs: wherein Gregory was condemned of
Simonie.Toclearehimlelf of which he took the Sacrament, imprecating againft
himlelffudden death, if hee were guilty of the crime of Simonic, andwifliing the
Emperour to doe the like, which he refufed,afifirming that he would make it ap-
pear in the Parliamcnt^how he had difcharged his duty in managing the Empire.
But the Pope fearing left He/try ftiould gather ftrength again, and revenge
the affronts put upon him, fends his Decree to bee proclaimed in Germany,
whereby /ff wry is excommunicate;, and by the inftigarionofthe Saxonsacroivn^o
of gold is fent to Redtdphus Duke of Suevia, with this infcription •, The rock gave
Z 0 8 0. to Peter, and Perer /<? llodulphus the Diadem. Redtflphus upon the perfwafions of
the Bifliop* of Mints and Colen, that hee was bound to obey the Pope and not
to kecpe Faith to him who was excommunicate^ accepts the Title of Carfar,
and is crowned at Mints 5 and fo takes poffefiGon of the Empire; forgetting
what favours hec had received heretofore from the Emperour. Then he prepares
an Army againft him, relying on his owne and the Saxons power, with whom
joined divers Biftiops and Dukes. But the Francs and otfiers abhorring this
perfidioufnelTe, under Duke Codefndtts Bilieaeus in the Emperours abfcncear
Borne, raife an Army to defend his right. Henry underftanding by the Billiop40
of Strasburg what was done, ftealesaway out of Rome, fends a new Duke in-
to Suevia, drives Redulplms his Garrifons out of Mints, encounters with
the Saxons in nine feverall battells, in the fourth whereof Redtilphus is de-
feated, deadly wounded , and his arme cut off-, which when it was prefent-
ed to him as hee was dying, contefledthatwith this hand he had confirmed his
faith to Henry which he falfihed, and fo accufing the Bifliops for their wicked
counfelSjdycd.When it was told the Emperour that if ^<^«//>A«/ was richly intorab-
ed. / envy no t that honour to him (faith he j hut w/p that all my enemies were thus
tntombed.
Redulfhus being flainc //f/??-;/ converts all his force and fury againft the Pope, 50
from whom hec meant to recover his rights , which hee had invaded, but firft
hee calls a Synod at Brixia , wherein hee caufcth Gregory to be excomunicatc and
depofed, and imprifoned in the Caftle of St. Angelo , having named for his fuc-
J O 8-4. ccflbur clement Bifliop of Ravenna .- whom hee brought to Rome after two years
fiege, and there placed him being confecratcd in the Pontificall chair, and was by
the lame Pope declared Emperour, and crowned with his wife Bmha. In this
cxpedi-
Chap. p. tHjiory of the World, 16 1
expedition H era j con c^cdxht Normans for afTifting the Pope. But the Saxons iln.chnjli
after Rodulphus his death renew their Forces, and male Hermamis Prince of vy''V'"\J?
Lorrain Emperoiir by the Popes cottimand. He fought with Henrj^ and over-
came him neere the town of Wurccbuig: butheewas quickly dr'.ven thence m-
to Saxony, where he thought to renew the warre, but was forlaken by his
fouldiers/ Hee at laft by the fall of a gate which hee was befieging was 1088.
(lainc with many others. After h\m E chert Marq-uifle of Saxony invaded the
Empire: but hee fliortly after wasflainc by /:^f//ry's guard in a Mill, whither
\ he had fled. Thus the fury of the Saxons was by (o many bad fuccelles /jme-
lOwhat abated; but the Popes indignation increafed: for Urbiwxht fccond, (lir-
rcd up againft He»r), his fonne Conraaus by his firft wife •, who by his fa-
ther had beene made Governour of Italy, but he being taken away by untimely
death, Pajchalis the fccond fcts up his other fonne tler/ry againfl him whom
his Father had named his fucceflbur in the Empire. Hee by the help of the
Saxons, wrung the fcmpire fiom his Fathc", whom t^e Bilbop of M:nts inj 105?
the prefenceof his fonne difgracefully dcvefled of all his imperiall ornaments.
But whileft the old man went about to raiie ncvy" Forces to revenge this i i o 6,
wrong, he eyed at LeodiLm the 56 \eare of his age., and the 49 of his
reign 5 whofe Body was not burycd in 5 ycares fpacc after his death, at laft
zoit was removed from Leodium to Spira, where it was intomhed neer his Fa-
ther. This war againft Henry lafted 38 ycares fromthe time he went out of
Rome till he dyed. He had two wives, by the firft he had Conradtts^ who having
marrycd Rogers daughter of Normandy,called himfelf King of Italy ,but(liortly
after dyed,and was buryed at Florence He had another ton H tnrj the fifth , who
Succeeded him.
In Henry the fourths time divers Billiops & Princes of Germany made an expedi-
tion into the Holy land, but with ill fuccenc,for moft of them were deftroyed by the
Turks & SaraccnSjfor of 7000 fcarfe 20.-0 returned home. In Spain AnjdVxrx^ of
Gallicia after fome years fiege took from the Saracens there greateft City Toledo,
30 and there cftabliflied the ChrifttanReligion. This age produced the Carthufians
by Bruno of Colen : and the Ciftertians by Y^obcrt Abbat of Molifmum : the old
'Benedictines were much deg nerated from the rules of their Anceftors.We fhewed
before thax the Normans had taken Apulia from the Greeks -, Wtllum the fon of
Tancredus was the firft Prince there,then Droge^o whom fucceeded Himfnd. After
him came R£'^mfr//rfrrfW,who were all brothers: thisRo^fr/ helped the Popci^TV
againft the Empeiourjandtibdued Calabria wi;h Sicily, whereupon ff>-<?f«A-;' the ,
fcvcnth excommunicated him -, b- 1 afterward he fubmitted to the Pope, and was i © o o,
contented to hold thefeProvincesin fee of the Church, paying a yearly revenew
to the Pope. The next year 'Robert with 1 5000 overthrew Jlexius the Greek Em-
40 perours great Army of j 00 and 70OCO. Hereupon jlexius for a great fummc of
money procures Henry the fourth to mvade Kut>errs Territories, but he imployes
the money againft Pope Gregory the i'evenih,whom he Quits up in prifon-, takes pof- .
fion of the Palace of Lateran where he piaceth Gmhert the Anti- Pope. Kobert re-
turning with his Army,drives home the Emperour to Germany, puniflieth the re-
bellious City,rets Gregory f ce,and brings him to Salernum where he dyed : and i o 8 5»
Ihortly after followed the death of Kohert,\vho left the Dukedomes of Calabria and
Apulia to his fon R<'^m»f.
About thefe times //f«r)i by extradfion a French man having marryed Thereftai I0 0»
the daughter oi Al^ho/ifta the fixth King of Caftile, with her got the Earldome of
50 Lufitania or Portugall. He by his valour drove out and iubdued the Saracens, and
fo obtained the principality of Lulitania,which was the beginning of the kingdom
of Portugal : The Temple of the holy Sepulchre,which was demoliihed by Sultan
Califba^ IS rebuilt by the permiffion oiBaber CaUph of Egypt,at the coft of Mono-
chus and Argyropilus. The Vandals and Sclavi having killed Gottjchdus xh6t
Governour with ail religious perfons they revolt again to Paganifra, which is now
the tliird time. The Church fervicc or Liturgy in Spain was compiled by S.
Leander
62 TbefecondFart oftbe Bo'OK.4,
*,, (-ly i}-,Lu:rid r:\i\dS. I(iodorcz\\cdMo':(^iK''i(>Kmisc\nn§ed by Gregory the feventh. One
V/^VX/ ^^^'■^'' ^" Eremit, and afterward a Captain in the Holy War, was the firft that
1086. taught to jray upon beads. The Dukedome of Bohemia is now ercded into a
Kingdome : for Frut (Iran bxaiife he fubdued Leofcldm Marquifle of Auftria, is
by Hehry the Emperour at Mintz declared King, and crowned by Gilbert Arch-
bUbop of Trevcrs. The Italians by the perfwafion of Pope Fi^cr invaded Africa,
where they killed icooco .SarvUens, and overtlirew their chief Cities. Abftinencc
from flefli on Saturday es is injoyned by Gregory the levcnth. The States of Ve-
nice and Genua contend for the maiteryof the Sea, both of them having done
good feivice for the Holy War. But at laft the Venetians obtaine the totall com- lo
mand of the Sea. Roger Duke of Normandy was the firft King of Sicily^
Apulia and Calabria: to whom fuccee.xd his fonne William furnamed the
Wicked.
To Pope Leo the ninth fucceded Fi^or the fecond,2 years after himcame''5^;/'^tf/»
the leventh,by fome the 9 ,by others the 10, he was brother to_. Gotfridoi Lorrain.
He being fent to Byzantium cals a Synod, at which becaufe the Emperor and Patri-
arch would not be prefent the Cardinal departed, & with Apoftolicall indignation,
beat the dufl: from his Sandals, he was chofcn Pope after this witliout the Emperors
fuftiage : and fubjeded the Church of Millanto the See of Rome, having been in-
dependent 2CO yeares. He fate but 7 months, to him fuccceded Benedict the ninth 20
or tenth, who having fate 9 months, was thruft out by Gerard Bidiop of Florence,
called NicoIahs thelecond, though foir.emakethefetwodiftindmen..Hecauled
jB(rf//^^m/j openly confcfle that the true body of Chrift was eaten in the Sacra-
ment, which opinion was confirmed by Lar'framw^ who wrote Bookes to this
ijurpofe. He wasPope 3 yeares, towhf m fucceeded Alexanderthe fccond, who
lad been Bifliop of Luca : againft him was fet up Cadulus BiHiop of Parma, who
coinming twice to Rome with a great Arir y, thought to obtain the Pontificate by-
force, but could not. Alexander fate 11 years, his fucceflbur was Gregory the
feventh,whowasPope 12 years. He could lliake fire out of his fleevcs when hee
was angry: he inhibited the marriage of Clergy n=ien,which Henry the fourth com- 30
nianded -, in thofe daycs marryed Clerks were called Henrician hcreticks. Againft
this Gregory Henry advanced to the chair one Guabert or 6'//^fr^,aiTuming the name
of Clemens the third, who was Pope (but not without oppofition) 1 7 years : after
him came Ficlor the third, who fate one year, and then was poyfoned , to whom
.>.\ - fucceeded D'^'W the fecondjwho fate 13 years. He animated the weftern Princes
to undertake the Holy War.
' ' •'- -*' • C H A p. X.
The Enfiern affaires under Stratiotkus, Ducas, Diogenes, Michael, Botoniates,
<«;?<^ Alexius, z. The Holy War ah d Kings of ^erufalem^ and new orders of
Knighthood. 3. The affaires of Cyfrus.^ Portugall^ England^ Scetland^andthe
Pofes of this time.
IqkS, "f N the Greek Empire to Theodcra fuccceded Michael Straticticus^ focalled,bc-
1 caufe ameer fouidier, being unskilfull in Government, and all things clfe;
■A for which caufe he was chofcn by the Eunuchs of the Palace i that he bearing
the title, they m ght in effedi rule tlie Empire. But he flighting the fouldiers, and
■Nobility- he.being very aged, befides his want of skill , the Army chofe Ijaacw ^q
Ctmnentii to be Emperour, againft whom A/rrf//^//f/« kndsTheodorfts.^ with an
Army, blithe was deteated by ComnehtM^ whereupon Stratieticw wilUng to make
his peace, fends to allure Cuwnenus that he will-make in his laft Will him heir of
the Empire, With which C<?»?w;?»!' fcemed to be contented, till he faw that Stra^-
tioticm under hand did bribe the people and Nobility, to the end they would not
give their confcnt to his election. Therefore Cownenw fends the Patriarch to
degrade
i
GjsAP. to. MilioKyt^of the World. ^ 163*
ti(^gia;d<;|iin)»,,,vvho,as l34:wa%;f>eiifwa4iP§, '^'''''^'''''■^^^^ to pa:t willingly with the ~^zr.ci^r//2*
E^iifice, ai4^e|d tjp,c P^twifch what; rewajci lie Hwuld have for leaving an earthly O'^VNjr
kingdoQPCv, lifi afifwcra^i'^bat he fliould receive an heavenly for it: Vponthis,hee 1057.
refigoed the E^pire^haying. reigned o#p }icar, and then takes himfelf to a Monafti-
CaUllfe;. : ,. :;..:./ : .
■ C*w«(ff;«A ^ij^<;(;eedc4>>yWr $rfld,e,pQ^(^4 the Patriarch, tiiat advanced him, then
t^s upon-the CJMitch reveiBU<?S to tiU up \i\s, exhaufled t caiure. He made warre
Wyon the Hw'gatians, af.d Boflyu, and,fjoi'Ccd them to beg for peace. One time qs
bt" was huntingj. he was fo a^righted with the fight of an horrible Boarc ( whiqh
lofome thinke-wasan apparition) and vyithfudden ligdtning and thunder that he
fell from, his horfe, atcethce had reigned 2 yearcs^ and 5 months, and liaving
tefignedthc Empire to Cof^^mtme DrK;as,\ic betooke hmiielf to a private life.
Ducas was, fo covetous th^t to ipare charges he disbanded a great part of his Ar- j q ^j^^
my,and garrifons,giving thereby boldnclfe tothe neighbouring Nations to invade
that little of the Empire whicii was left ^ whereupon the Uzzi a people of bcythia,
being 60000 in number paft over the Ifther, and invaded Macedonia and Greece.
Ducai beiug deftitute ot fovildiers for want of pay , becancs himlelfe to prayers
and tearSjby which armes God was oveECome>vvho icnt a plague among the Uxzi, 10^7;
which fwept away moft of them: the remnant were deftroyed by the Bulgarians:
lOthele calamities were forewarned by an ea;thquake,which overthrew divers houlcs
and Tcfiiplcs .• there (liined alio a Comet as big as the Moon at the full, but as the
Moon increaled, this clecreaied and vanilhed. Dtiivn a^ivanced J-ohmHCs Xifhili-
pus of Trapezuntium to the Patriarchate,affirming tliat he had rather obtain ho-
nor by fcholars then by fouldiers. Having reigned 7 yeares and 6 months, he dyed
of a lingring dilcafe in the 61 year of his reign : he recommended the Empire tq
his wife Eudoaa,^ whoiit he caufcd to fvveare that Ihce would never marry again,
nor leave the En.pire to any, except to his three fons, MicfMci, Andromcus ^ and
Cortjlahtine. Shec therefore undertook the Government, but finding thatthe Em-
pire was much weakenedjand the enemies thereof increafing dayly, and that there
JO were need of a ftronger defender then her felf, refolves to break her oath , and fQ
marryeth 7 months after her husbands death with l^omanus Diogenes^ a good foul-
dier,who became Emperour fhoitly after.
Diogenes againft his promiie made to Eudecia^ excludes her out of the Govern-^
mcnt, and undertakes the Empire alone, that he might without oppofition reco-
ver the honour of the Eafterntmpirc,almoftl'jft3 by reafontheTurkes had in-
vaded Afia, wiiichthey were like to carry clecr away having noGarrifons to re-
(ift them. Thcielore he marcheth into Afia againft the Forces of Afpafales Ca-
liph of Babylon, whole feat was now in Perfis , he by his Sultans had fent two
Armies, one into Cappadocia which he wafted, the other into Syria ; with thefe
^c>JP/<^^f/;ciencounter,'-,^ceteatesthem, takes Hierapolis and Alepus, and feifeth on
their plunder,which hey had laid up in Neociefe.ira. His next expedition was
into Cappadocia,* where he had divers encounters with the Barbarians, who by
the help ot the Armenians overthrew the greateft part o\ them. After this pre-
fuming on his good fucceflc, he would needs fight with AT^n the Sultan,who of-
fered iiim honourable conditions of peace,but he rejeded them. He fought ftout-
ly with the Turkes, then towards die Evening returned into his Camp. Androni-
fvs the brother of Con^^'ntme Ducas^ fuppofing Dtogems had fled -, withdrawes
his Forcesiiiddenly. and leavi s him for a prey to his enemy : but hee perceiving . ■'
trow he was betrayed, refolves to fight again notwithftanding, which he did cou-
-p ragioully, and killed maoy of the Turkes, but at laft by the fall of his horfe which
waswoundcdj he was taken by the enemy and brought to the Sulcan, who firft'
troad upon his neck, and then commifcrating his cafe, ufed him with all refpeft,
and havmg made a league with him, after he had honoured him with divers rich
prclents, be las him goe home, where hee found harder ufage-, for being
hated by Euae^u and her children, in his abfcnce, the Empire was conferred
QH HahAel the eidcXt fon <?£ Mcas^ who beficge.d Diogenes in Adena , then
*•!,.' caufed
164 Tbefecond Part of the Boo K.4;
^ Chrih ciufed him to deliver up the towne, upon affurancc that hce Ihould receive no
Cy^-y<\^huni but Af/f/;4/r/ againft his oath , thruft out his eyes, his head for want
107 I. of good looking to putrified, and fo he dyed, having reigned almoft 4 years.
'} ohim Mifhael fucceeded, whofe fnmmc wis Parapwactus from finAtium the
fourth part of med-jmnu^^ which was a meafure equall almoft to two of our budiels,
becaule in his time was a great famine, in which this meafure of corn was fold at a
deer rare. A little before this famine was born a monfter with Goats feet, and
one eye in his forehead, upon which followed a great plague. This Michael ^zyz
himfelfe more to ftudy then to government, under Pjelltts the Philofopher whofe
Arithmetick is yet extant •, hence it came to paflc that the Eaftern Empire was ru- 10
incd for want of a good Empcrour. For the Turkes fubdued all the countreys
?bout Pontus, anderededa Kingdome, called yet Turcomania. Towards the
Weft the Croats or Hcneti overrun all the countrcy even to Byzantium , and at
laft feated themfelves in that part of lUyrisor Pannonia, which of old was cal-
led Liburnianow Croatia. The Crabats or Servians infeftedBulgaria.The Em-
pire being thus without a guide, Ntcqhorm Botomates ^ who wasdefcended of
Nuefhortu Fhoctts^ enters into a league with the Turkes of Afia, zndNicef ho-
rns Briemiim Duke of Dyrrachiumfets up a new Kingdome in Thracia, Botoni-
ates at the fame time poffefleih Nicasa. Brienniui is overthiowne by Rufe-
lim LAtnim ^ wherefore 5 of Pw/Wf 5 growing potent by the Turks power, made 20
JW;f/;<«f/ give up his Empire which he did willingly5andcntred into a Monaftery,
with his wife A/<jrr,hav.ng reigned almoft 7 ) eares. In the Patriarchat to learned
Xifhjlnidi fucceeded Cojmiu a dunce.
1078. BotenUtfs fuccecdsin the Empire, who firft of all fupprefleth Briennias i3,x\i
kills him, then he defeats Comiamine Ducts ^ the fonne of 3f/<:^//f/ whom the
Army had proclaimed Emperor at Chryfopolis : but the brothers Alexit con-
fpired againft Botoniates^ and by the help of the French beficgcConftantinople,
which having taken, they raged promifcuoufly upon all ages and fcxcs. Then
they thruft B0toniat(s'u-\x.o a Monaftery, after he had reigned 3 yeares. So the
1081. Empire is divided among the brothers. Alexim he had the imperiall title and 3^
power, his brother Ifiacius hy anew name is called Sebafiocrator: the third
called Adrian ^is n^mcd Prot of ha jhs ^ and the youngeft Sebajlos. Thefe four
divided alfo the revenues of the Empire amongft •'them, fo that there were not
mcanes left for the Emperour to refift an enemie.
Alexius wanting money fell to exadions and rapine, in ftcad of gold and fil-
vercoin, hecmadeufe of braffc, yet would have all his taxes and tributes to bee
paid in gold. Neer Epidamnum he received a great overthrow by the Normans
under Duke Robert. He loft the Iflands of Chius, Lesbus, Samus and Rhodes
to the Turkes, under their Captain Zacchahiis ^ who alfo tooke from the Greekcs
1196. Creetand Cyprus. Alexius alfo had warres with the Bofini who overthrew 40
him, and made him buy his peace, by afllgning them fome lands to dwell in. He
was alfo defeated by Gedefnd of Bullion in his expedition into the Holy land :
he Lvcd 70 yeares, and reigned 37. a little before his death all his friends forfook
1 1 p 8. him,fo findmg himfelf flighted;dyed withgrief , having firft named his fon ^ohtt
Emperour. His body was buryed without any folemnity : he was Co-Emperour
with Henyy the fourth.
InthefcEmperourstimethe Holy war was undertakan by Gedefrid Duke of
Lorrain with his brothers Bufiachius and Baldwin^ by Robert of Normandy,
Hugh brother to Philif the French King,with divers^others. Peter the Eremit had
undertaken an expedition before this, but with ill fucceflc, his Army which con- Jo
fiftedof 40000, came to nothing, for they were utterly deftroycd by Solyman
the Turk, after they had fuffered much by the Bulgarians, in their march to-
wards Afia^ there were alfo before Codefrtds two other Armies fent, thefe
were defeated by the Hungarians: but G (?^</r;W had better fucccftc, who having
fold his patrimony, the Dukedome of Lorrain to the Bifhop of Leodium, fpent
it all upon this expedition, which he undertookc about the middle ©f Augoft,
' and
Chap. lo. jjifiory of tk World. i6^
"and arrived witli his whole Army before the end of that year at Conftantinople. dn.Chrifti
He ipuftcredhis Army ^t Chalcedon now called Scutari, and found that it confi- v;>^\jr
ftcdof ^00000 Foot, and looooohorfc, their badge was a red Croflcon their "*
tlioulder. The Turks had fubdued all from Pontus to the Hellefpont in the fpacc
of 40 ycares •, the Greeks and Saracens being driven out thence-, and both the Ca-
liphs of Babylon and Egypt much weakenedjthcy had alfo fubdued Palcftina, and
taken in Jcrufalem: but Jiis th^y did not enpy above 8 yearcs/or it was retaken a-
gain by the Saracens.
The firftconflidtheChriftianshadwas atNicj^a, mxhSelymm the Turkifli
10 Sultan, and firft of that name, whofc great Army they overthrew, and after 26
dayes fiege took the town, and in it the Sultan Soiym.irjs\w'ik. In .4 yearcs fpace
they fubdued Lycaonia, Cilicia, Syria, Mefopotamia, and Comagena, all the
Turkes being either deftroyed or fled : thefe vidoriesfo affrighted the Saracens,
that theCalyphaof Egypt, by Embafladours was glad to fue for peace. They
bcficgcd Antioch and after 9 months took it. ^m thcSukwnBclckacor fcnt an
other Army of Perfians, who beiieged the Chriflians within the City , fo that
they were pinched with famine 3 the Greek Army fcnt by Alexius to raife the
fiege,durftnot venture upon fo numerous an Army of Saracens, wherefore the
weftern Chriflians within perceiving they were in a defperate condition made a
20 furious fally upon the enemy, whom they routed and put to the flight. The Sa-
racens iofl here above icooooj but the Chriflians fliortly after this vi<5tory loft
5CGC6 by the plague i at laftthey befiege Jerufalem now in the Saracens pof-iop«,
iionj and after 38 day esfiege took it, not without much difficulty, for they
were fo famiibcd , that they went praying for 8 dayes together bare footed
about the walls, and at length were animated to fall on again by a ghttering
Target which they faw in the air over Mount Sion. The City bemg taken,
and io muchbloud (bed, that it came uptothe horfesknces-, Codefnd who firft
fcaled the walls, was by generall content made King ; but he would neither
take the Title nor Crowne in that place, where our Saviour had been crowned
30 with Thornes,whcrc hee had fuffered death, andfo much dishonour •, yet there
he cflabliflied the foundation ofa new Kingdome,which the Saracens poffeffcd a-
bout 360 ycares.
Baldnin the Kings brother was now in poffeflion of Cilicia, Comagena,
and Mefopotamia, and was honoured with the Title of Farl of IdeCTa which
is a City in Comagena called Rages in Tobias's Hiftory , at this day it is
named Orpha. Tamredus nephew to Guifcardus by his fiftcr , obtained the i i 0 o.
Gcvernm.cnt of Tiberias. Boewttndus Prince of Tarentum , who was one
of the undertakers of this expedition , got the government of Antioch :
But this ycare proved fatall to many Princes, for GedefridKing of Jerufalem
^odyed, having reigned one year. Boemuiidu'S Duke of Antioch was taken by the
Turkes, whom T*ncredus Earl of Tiberias fucceeded. William Rufus King of
England was killed by chance. i/f«r)iofLovan was flain in running a tilt. Briti-
faus King ofBohcmiawasmurthercd by a highway rcbber as he was returning
from hunting.
To King Godefrid fucceeded his brother Baldrvtn Earle of Edefla. He by
the help of the Fleet of Genua took Caefarea of Paleftine, Ptoleraais, Tripolis,
and Berythus, with other townes, the third part of which is affigned to the Ge^
nuans. Apamea alfo and Laodicca townes of Syria, were taken about that time,
and fo wasCarrjB of Mefopotamia by Beemund (who had been ranfomed)and
-QTafitr$dus. But they loflit again, whileft they were flriving for the fupcriority of
it. Hereupon Beemmd returnes to Italy : but having married with Co/nfiantia
the daughter of Fhilif King of ErAnce,he returns to kniioch. Robert Earl of Flan^
ders vjixhEuJlachiust\it Kings brother, goe back again to their ownc countries.
Baldmn having taken the Iflc Pharos in Egypt , after he had raigned 18 yearcs
dyed.
To him fucceeded his coufin German i«W»«w deSurga in his time was in-
ftitutcdl
.^S6 ThefecondPart of the B1c5ok.4
fA c/'r;/?;ft'^'-'^^*^ the order of the Knights of St. 5ee^» of Jerufalcm, afterward of Rhodes:
ij.^^'>'^j'"\j ihcfc were to wait upon the King in his expeditions againff the common enemy,
to defend and enlarge the bounds of C hnftianity ^ to clcare all the wayes of Pil-
orims to Jerufakm from theevcs and robbers. Thcfc did good fcrvice whileft they
were aiTiftcd by Chriftian Princes , but being forfaken by them, they were for-
ced to give lip Rhodes to the Turke , and to containe themfelves within the
fmall confines of Malta. After them fprung up two other Orders of facred Knight-
hood : to wit, the Templars and Teutonics, the Templars hiid one Hugo De Pa-
gan if ^ and G^«/rf.!/ for there Auth ours •• thcfe feated themfelves in Jerufalem,
and were to guard the pilgrims from the Sea fide to Jerufalem, and back againe. lo
But in pioceUe of time they difperfed themfelves into all parts of Chriftendomc,
aiming at nothing but wealth, greatnelTc, and luxury, being quite degenerate from
their ill ft inflitution •, fo that the Chriflian Princes having aforehand plotted their
deftiudion did fuddenly at once extirpate them, after they had continued about
200 ycarcs, in the reigne ' of /?f;?r)' thefcvcnthEmperour. The chiefe Mailer of
I 190. this Order had his feat at Jerufalem. The Teutonics from their profcffjon and
Symbole were called Marians , their beginning was at Ptolemaisinthetime of
Hefiry the fixth Emperour , where ccrtainc rich Citizens of Lubec and Bremc
built a large Hofpitall for if rangers who fliould be of that Order; from thence plan-
• tations were derived into Germany •, their firftMaifer was one Hcfiry Wdpodim. 20
Thcfe Colonies growing numeious and wealthy,in the time oi Frederic the fecond,
fiibdued Pruifia and Livonia, and kept out the barbarous Nations from thefe parts.-
but when thefe Knights grew loofc, effeminate, and carelellc, PrufTia and Livonia
I I 3 I. were torne from the Empire. King Baldrvin having defeated the Turkes at Da-
mafcus, and ihe Saracens of Egypt, and taken in Tyrus, dyed in the 13 yeareof
his reign.
Buldrvh being dead, the Princes fell at variance among themfelves, which
increafed the ftrength and courage of their enemies. Fulco (on in law to B'lldwin
is made king, in whofe time there was nothing but civill jarres about the princi-
pality of Antioch : he having reigned 1 1 years dyed at Ptolemais, by a fall from his 3°
horfe in huntingjcaving two young fons BddrvJn and Almericus.
Baldwin was affiff&d by Cfl/?rWw the Emperour by land, and Z,w^ the French
I I 62. King by Sea. But Conradus having loft his Army in the ficge of Damafcus and
Afcalon returnes home. Baldtvitt having at laft taken Afcalon , dyed atBery-
thus the ?4 yeareof hisreigne .- to whom fucceedcd his brother Almeruus^ he
invaded Egypt, and fought with .S'-^M^r^?;? the Sultan, who had driven the Caliph
out of Egypt. Hce had warrcs alio with his fucceffour Saladm , but with no
fuccefl'c. Almericus dyed the 12 ycarepf hisreigne, leaving a young fon 5/jW-
)v/«, who being leprous, and defpairing of ever having children, made Baldwin
ionm of Williaru Marquiffe of Moatferrar, his fiftersfonne, his fucceffour, whom 40
Cuido his Fvitherin lawpoyfoned, that hee with his wife Sihyl/a might obtaine
thcKingdomc, whereupon Raimnndtis the young Kings tutor made warrc againft
G«/Vio, heeto ftrengthen hiscaufedrawcs5<iW/»f out of Egypt, which was the o-
verthrow of that kingdome of Jerufalem, for hee took' upon furrender Ptolemais,
Afotus, Berythus,andA(calon: and after one moncthsfiege Jerufalem, 88yeares
after it was taken by G ode f rid.
Siljlla with her fourc children were killed in the tumult , her fiftcr Ijalrella
the wile of Hurnfredm 7oromus was carryed awav by Conradns MarquilTe of
Montfcrrat , hoping in her right to obtaine the kingdome .- but hee was mnr-
thered, and Hem-j Earle of Campania and Lord of Tyrus, marryed withi/i-jo
hella^ but refufed the title of King of Jerufalem, becaufe Guido Lufignmns. a
French man laid claimc to it in the right of S'^hillas children, whofe Father in
law hee was. He helped .fi/tW^ King of England with money when he was about
to rccoverthe Chriftians loffesin Afia, and forthis mony Cyprus was pawned or
fold to Guido '^ after Rich ird had feifed on the Ifland and had taken Alexius
Commms prifoncr. His poftcrity held Cyprus till the death of^acohs i,ufig)$Ams^
the
I 1
Chap. lo. Hiftory of the World. 16/
the laft King, and then it came into rhe pcff.flion of the Venetians. For his dn.chrijil
Widow being a Venetian borne, and too wcakc to buckle with the power of vy'^V^Vjj
tiie Turkes, refi^r cd it to tie Venetians:' who held italmoft loo ycarcspay-
in'i a ycarcly tnbutc of 400CO Crownes to the Egyptian, and after to the
Turkirti Siiltan. But they lolt it to Muflafba Gcnnall of the Turkes under
Sel)mfis the fccond .• As for the Kingd.)me of Jernfalem , ^ohn Dc Breen
was the laft Chriflian King thereof in Syria or Pakftinc, whole daughter 7eO'
hind manycd xoFredric Empcrour and King of Naples , who in her right called
himklfKing of Jerufalemj which title the King of Spain retaines as being King of
,0 Naples.
In this Holy Wavre the Vcnctians,Gcnuans, and Piftns did much good fcrvicc
by Sea, and innchcd themfclves with the fpoils of Syria : the Genuans commanded
tlie^gean, Boiphoriis, HellefpontjThracijnand Euxia Sea -, the Venetians were
nialteis of Lrccte5Peloponnerus,theCychdes,Theft'alonica, andlfles of thelo-
iii.m S^asj thelc two States having opprefTed thePifans, contended long
about the maftciy of the Sea with various fucceffe, till at laft at Me-
thon the Genuans were overthrowne, and fo the Venetians became abfolute
Maftcrs.
About this time began the Kingdomc of Portugal in jlphoKfm the fonne
20 of Hc/}ry Ear! of Lonain. This Henry manyed with Tarejia the daughter of uil-
fhor/fus the fixth king of Spain, who took Tolctum from the Saracens. Henrf
obtained Portugall for his wifes portion, whofe fonne j-ilphonfus was con-
tent at firft with the Title of Duke: but having fubdued the Saracens,
Jiee was faluted King by the fouldicrs. The Monaftery of Clarevall was
crcdfed and S. Bnrnar'd made the firft Abbot thereof, S. JgKes inftituted her
Order of Nuns at Jerul;tlem. otho Bifliop of Bamberg converted Pomeraniatoijio J5 ^
the Faith. , ,!i . .
In England King Hnrald was afTaulted by his younger brother 7ouIiai» and . '- -
Harftger King of Norway, both by Sea and Land'-, but thcfeboth were flaine, ^
^o^nd Harald obtained the viftory. Shortly after William Duke of Normandy,^ ®*^|* ,
pretending a right to the Crowne of England, by the laft Will of King Edrvard^^^f-i
his kinfman, landed in Sufttx, where a bloudy battell was fought, in which ffa*
rold was llainp, and with him almoftdi thoufand Englifli-, and fo ended the Sa-
xon line, about 5 00 years after the firft coraming in of //f«^{/?. , William was re-
ceived into London and crowned on Chriftmas day at Weftminftcf by Aldred.
Archbilliop of York ^ the next fpring Wilham returnes to ^Normandy to fettle
his affaires there, andtakes withhim thechicfeof the Englifli Nobility : fearing
left they might revolt in hisabfence. Upon his return there were divers difcon-
tents and rebellions at Exeter, Oxford, and chiefly in the North, the Nobility be» ' ' '- -
.g,ing difcontcnted withl^r////<J»25bounty towards the French: but hce fubdued them i 0 7 4^
al), and defeated alio afterward another rebellion in the Iflc of Ely. Prince Edgar
Williams competitor, with many of the Englifli Nobility were fled to Scotlafid, ^ _^ ^
who wereproteded by }^\x\2, Malcolm : whereupon VVtlltam with a puilTant Ar- '• <■
my enters Scotland, where both Kings conclude a peace. Edgar fubmits, and
is rcftored to grace, and a £ure maintenance. Roger Fits-Aukr with many others 1078^
confpire againft William • but the fire was difcovercd before the flanie broke
out, and fo the plot vamflied ^ after this the king in the 13 ycare of his reign -*
fubdues Wales. In Normandy his fon Robert rebels againft him,which drew FVUli-
am over thither with an Army, Robert lying in ambufli with 2000 men, fell upon
,.^the King, defeated his Forces, unhorfcd the King himfelfe, and wounded him in ,,k a^ j
* thearme,butheewas cured at Rouen, and reconciled to his fonne, vvho rebellsi ^«9«
thefecond time: and upon his fathers arrivall, fubmits againe to him at Bur-
deaux: but VVtHiam brings him into England, and employes him againft the ^
Scots: for now the -league was broken ^etweene the two kings. After thisi 082^
his fonne Hemy^ and Louis the French kings eldcft fonne fell out at GhefTe,
and Wounded each other; which occafioncd a Warrc betweene the two Fathers :
Qt The
1 68 Thefecond Van of the B'c)ok4.
'Jti^hrijtnhc FrencI* with Rokn invade Normandy, VViUi'^m enters France, and at
^\Jr\r%U Rouen IS reconciled the third time to his fonne Robert .- a fhort peace was made,
which was quickly broken: for VViUimi refufeth to doe homage for the king-
dome ot England, though hee was content for Normandy. The French
1087, king mocking him for his great belly , made VVtUiaw tm^x France againe,
where at Mantz he was hurt, and thence conveyed fick to Rouen, and (o
ended his Warre. William changed thelawcs, and puts them in French, al-
ters the tenures: but the cuftomes of Kent were prefcived by the mediation of
the Archbilbop Stigand. Hee feifed on all the Forrefts and Chafes of the
kingdome. Hee dif peopled for 30 miles fpace the countrey of Hamdiire on icy
theSeacoaft, and made it aForreft. Hee feifed upon the Plate, Jewels,
and Treafurcs of the Monafteries , pretending that the rebclls had hid their
wealth there as in priviledged places : he relyed much upon the advice of LanfraKC
an Itali:.n born, and Archbifliop of Canterbury, he dyed at Rohan the 74 ycarc
of his age, and ai of his reignc: his Corps lay three daycs neglefted, till
his youngefl: fonne Henry had it conveyed to the Abbey of Cane, where it could
tiot bee interred, tint ill the ground wherein hee lay was pnrchafed. To Robert
his eldcfl fonne hee left the Dukcdome of Normandy , to VFiUiam his third
fonne England -, to Henr) the youngeft , his treafure with an yearcly penfion •
hisfccond fonne R/VA4y</ was ftaine by a ftaggc in the Forreft ; vjhcre FFilliam to
the fecond alfo was flainc by an arrow, and Richard the fonne of Rohirt Duke
of Normandy broke his neck. Hcc ercded kvcn Abbyes of Monkes, and <5 of
Nunsjbefides his munificence to 9 Abbies & 1 Nunnery in Normandy.In England
he founded one Abbey where he fought his firft battell,and two Nunneries, one ac
Hinching-brookc in Huntingdonftiire , and the other at Armchevvc in Cumber-
land.
S o 8 7= William the fecond fucccecicd , who was fainc to make an agreement with his
cider brother Robert , who challenged the Crowne in right of Primogeniture,
,- -, r, by paying to him joooMarkes per ammw Odo BifhopofBayeux, with divers
!>,> ci of "^^^^'^^''^y* ^^"^P^'^^^^^"^ ^^'''^^'^' and invites i?<>^^>'nnto England, but 30
thi: King by ingratiating the people to him, and by granting them many freedomes,
difappoihted the plot, takes in divers Forts*, which his enemies had pofTefTed againfl
him, and tranfports an Army into Normandy, where hcc tooke many places from
1088. itf^f//, though afTifted by the French •• at lafta peace is made betwcene them,
that the Surviver of cither of them ihould fuccced to the rule both of England
and Normandy. After this FFill/itm ailifts Robert^ againfl: his brother Henrjy
who had taken the Fort of Mount Michel^ for not repayment of the money
S0 9X* which J/wrjf had lent Robert zgzm^ William: the King was like to have been
taken prifoner , as hee was alone on the Sea flioare neer the Fort, had not refcuc
come the fooner , for his horfe being loff, hee defends himfelfe with the faddle 40
from the darts fhot at him: at laft Henry is reconciled with his brothers, and
I d O 2t ^2S allowed to hold in morgage the Countrey of Confiantine^ till the money was
payed.- but when the day came, for want of payment J?/9^frr is imprifoned,and
forced to renounce the Countrey of Conftantine, This was after Roberts re-
turrie from Scotland, who was imployed there againfl: Malcolirte. After this
Robert raifeth Forces to recover the Caftlc of Darapfront in Normandy taken
by Henry ^ and invcighcs againfl vVilliam for underhand dealing, but he palTeth
over with an Army into Normandy , and fees the French King tofoibearc aid
to Duke Robert. Hee thereupon made his peace with rr^///'»w : who upon his
^0|?4«i return made warre upon Scotland, and Wales 5 in Wales the Earle of Shrewf- 5©
bury ufed much cruelty, but was afterward fhot in the eyes, and tumbled into
the Sea. Robert of Moubcrry raifed a fedition againfl William which was by
his diligence foon ended* V<ebert being dead in the Holy expedition. King VFil-
Ham obtaines Normandy, and fo became more infolent, laying heavy taxes on
his pcopkjkceping Bifhopricks vacant,that hee might receive their revenues,taking
money ot the Jewes>and felling all fpirituall prcfcrijientSjwhich hcc profufely fpent
on
Chap, i i . Hiftory of the World. i6p
on buildings,and on the French to keep them qiiiet.^he makes another expedition in- d^^hrJft^
to Normandy againft Ceutede U l-lcjihe^who had iVrpnkd the City of Mains ^^^W^
him he takispnlbncr, and after releafes him: at lalt hce was (hoc by Walter i j qq^
Tercll 3l Norman in the new Forrelf, being 43 yearns old, and having reigned
12, years. . : . ' . ,.
■... In Scodand M'tkohn or M/Jcolr4ml>rfs fnnamcd C^^w^Jr^-, reigned. He brought
in the titles of Dukes, Marquifl'es, Earlcs, Barons and Knights. The Nobifity
before were called Thanes He entertained Prince E^g.n- with his mother and
iiftcrs, and divers of the Englilli Nobility, wJiich fled ro him fiom the tyranny
10 of IVih/'tm tiie Conqcerour. He marryed MJiyg'if a c\dd\ lilterto Erdgar: then
many Englilli planted thtmielves in Scotland. Inthemidll of Staiimore was c-
rcdcd a Crc-jTe of ftone called Rccrofle or King-croile, with the King of En-
glands llatueandarmesonthe.onefide, and the King ofScotlandson the othen
This Crofle divided thetwokingdomes. He erected the Churches of Durham
and Dunfermling, He delivered Edgar to VFilham^ but upon honourable tearms.
He was threatned with a civill warre at home by the Moravians, Rolllans, Ca-
thanefijns and Iflanders :, but the quari ell was compored by the mediation of the
Clergy. The infurrcftionin Galloway was fupprefledby one PTalter^ whom-
for his good fcrvice the King made chief Steward of Scotland: whence the fir-.
20 name of 5/^n'.7;/; had its originall He cieded twoBilliopricks,tov.at, ofMurry
and Cathncfle.He aboliflied that barbarous law of £w^^/ ///J,Avhich authourifed the
new marryed Brides to proftitute there Virginity to their Lords. As Malcolmc
was beficging Anwik Caftle which FFdluim Rufus had furprifcd, hee was
(lame by one Robert Mowbray^ who delivering the Caftle keyes to the King on
the point of his lar.ce, runne him through- the eye; hereupon Mowbray was
called _ I'crcic^ of whom are the Earlesof Northumberland. Prince Edivardin
revenging his Fathers death was alio flain ^ this double lolfe was the caufe of queen
Margareii death. He reiged ■^S yeares, his body with his fons were tranflatcd from.
the Abbey of Tinmouth, to the Church of Dunfermling.;
JO At Ronic to U'^bAntho. fecond,fueceeds /(t/c^^/Vir the fccond, who fate iS years:
he called a Councel at Lateran : in which he anthcmatifeth Henry the fourth ;
another Ceuncell he calleth at Florence againft i^/«e;zr/«w Billiop thereof, for
holding that Antichrift was then borne. Hecaufed //^wy the fifth, in his Fathers
liie time call a Synod at Northufenin Thuringia againft Simony and the marryed
Clergy. The Synod called at Trecaflinain France, was called by P.ifib^ltsfot: the
lame end, he calsalfo another Synod at Lateran , in which he excommunicates
HiVtry tiic fifth,for medling with inveftiturcs of Bifbops. In Vajchalis his time were
3 fchifmaticall Popes.
40 ^>^- •' _'L ,
Chap. XL
The Wcficr,i afairs under Henry ihe ffth ^ and Lotharius Duke of Saxony,
2. The £-i//tr» /WfrCalojohannes. ^.Thcaffairs of France^S^AW^Englartd^
Scotla;id,Derimark^^c. rvUh the Popes of thofe times.
HEnri the fourth being dead, but not burycd (for his body by the Popes
command, lay five yeares without fepulturej //c»r)' the fifth, his fonne
fucceeded. Hee firft punifhcth Henry Duke of Lorrain, Robert Earle,
of Flanders, with Colen, Norinburg, and ibme other cities, who were faith-
full to /fa;>7 the fourth: then he affifts /^/w«j King of Hungary againft Co/^w<j».
Shortly after hce made war upon the Polonians, for denying to paying the ac-
cuftomed tribute to the Emperour •, but the Bohemians his Auxiliaries fal-
ling off from him,hc loft the batteU, and was forced to give off the fiege of Glo-
Q^z govc
\yo TbefecondPart ofthe Bo"bK.4
Jl». Chrijii gove , and to make his peace with the Polonian. In the fifth yeare of his
(L-^V^%^ reignc hcecnteierh Italy with an Army, to regaine his right of inveftiture
of Biihops and Abbots by the crofier ftaff and ring. A right which the
Get man Emperours have obraincd for above 300 ycares, ever fince Charles
the Great ^ on the other fide FafchAlis claimed that right as belonging to the
Clergy and people of Rome : and whereupon Henry befiegeththe City, takes
it, and in it the Pope and Cardinalls: which hee imprifoned, till his privi-
Icdges were confirmed ; which being done , and crowned Emperour, hcc re*
turns into Germany , where hce beftowes an honourable funerall on his Fa-
ther at Spire, but the Clergy ftorming at the P jpes conccflions, and Henry's 13
power in Ecclefiaftick dignities, they caufe him to repeale his former grants ,
and to excommunicate Hemyiov his Simony, and wichall they ftir up the Saxons
to rcbell,by the Bifhop of Mints , who travelled through Saxony incouraging
the people to joine with Lothariu^ xhc'ivDuVc. if^^/Z/'A/w MarquifTe of Bran-
deburg, and Sigefrid PaUtm of Saxony, fwhofe 1 fe the Emperour had late-
ly fpared) with diveis others fide with Lothanm. hnt Henry in agrcat battell
overthrew all thefe Forces , and (lew Sigefnd : after this vidory hec marry-
ed with MathiUis the King of Englancls daughter at Mints, where Duke
Lotharim in fackcloth fubmitted himlelfe to the Emperour, who pardons
him. 20
But Lmharitts fliertly after this , forgctfull of his pardon, with the Bifliop
of Halberjiad , raifc new tumults, and with a great Army of Saxons, en-
countered with the Emperour in the County ot Mansfield, and defeated him;
in this copfl:ft Hugerus Earl of Mansfield Henry's chiefe Generall was flaine,
and hec himfelfe was forced to flye , and to remove as fiirre as hce could
11©^. from the fury of bis domeltick enemies. Hec goeth into Italy, being fent
for to take pofTeffion of the inheritantance ot Mathildii widow , who was
fifter to Ecbert Marquifle of Saxony. This yeare was terrible by rcafon of
ftrange tbunderings , earthquakes , and apparitions in the aire. Pafcalis hear-
ing that Henry was marching towards Rome, went into Apulia, where hee 36
raifeth an Army of Normans, with which as foone as hee came to Rome,
hce dyed, to whom fucccedcd ^ohan Cajetan, who tookc the name of Gela-
Jiusthc fecond. Hee lefufed to abfolve Henry from his fentence of excom-
munication, wherefore hec is dcpoled, and ont Berdinus or ('as fome call him)
Mauritius a Spaniard is made Anti-Pope, whom afterward Calixtus who fuc-
ccedcd, GeUfius tooke prifoncr, and baniflied, having excommunicated the Em-
perour again -, wherefore hee is forced to rcturne into Gcrmany,with a refolution
to punifli Mints for the perfidioufnefTe of their Bidiop ; but hee durfl not, becaufc
hee underftood that the Saxons were making new preparations againfl him by
the Popes inlfigation. Gelajius not being fuffcred to live at Rome, retires him- 40
felf e into France, where hec dyed the firft year of his Pontificate, and there Guida
of Vienna called Calijltts the third , is made Pope by the Cardinals at Cluni-
acura J who refufed the Pontificall habit,till the Romans had confirmed his ele-
ftion. Hee continuing the Papall hatred againfl Cxfar, at Sutiium feifeth
on Berdinus the Anti- Pope, who having ki him on a Camell, leads him to
Rome in triumph, where being difgracefuUy ufcd, hce is thruft into a Mona-
ftcry.
The Emperour finding himfclfc too weaketo rcfift the Popes power, being
backt by France, Italy, the Normans, Saxons and others , is pcrfwadcd by
his Peeresto yecld, and to refign againe the inveftiture of Biiliops, and elcdi-S®
on of Priefts to the Pope, which hec did : and this agreement was publiqucly
proclaimed at Wormes with great acclamations of the people, who hopcid by
this for pcrpetuall feienity. In the meanc while i^o^mw Prince of Sicily, flight-
ing the Emperours threats and exhortations, invades Apulia and Calabria, in the
abfencc of Duke VVilltam , by the inftigation of Califius the Pope, the Vene-
tians drive the Babylonian Turkcs from the fiege of Joppe, asid after 4 months
iiegc
2 122.
Chap. 1 1 . Hiftory of the World. 1 7 i
ficge tiike in Tyrus the Metropolis of Phoenicia, having firft covenanted yNiih dnXhrifti
WtUtam. Viceroy of Paleftine , that they Ihould enjoy the third part of V/V'NJ?
the Maritime; townes they tookc in. Shortly after tlie Pope dyech-, Henrj
having compofed the troubles in Belgium raifed by Lothanm of Saxony,
having alfo aided //?«ry the king of England, his Father in law againft Levis
the French king, he makes a, journey to Utrich, to fetde the difordcrs of that i i 2 j.
place, where, he fell fick and dyed the 19 year of his reign. In his time otho Bi-
ihop of Bamberge converted Pomerania to the Chriftian Faith. Her:r'^ dying
childleffe, left Franconiato C<?«W;/f ofSuevia, whoafrer Zw^d>7»^ wasEmper-
^o our, he repaired the City ofNorica,and built aMonaltery to 'b.Aegtditu^ which he
greatly inriched.
Lothartus Duke of Saxony was made Emperour by the inftigarion of the ii i 5,'
Pope, and Saxons, who were willing to afliirae their ancient dignity and
power. Cojtradui /ff«rjf the fifth fifters fonne, who had got Franconia by j^tw^
the fifth , as his Father had obtained Suevia by Henry the fourth, challdiged
the Empire in -right of his mother ; yet Lothanus carrycd it. Conradits
hoping to prevent Lothanus^ haflneth for Italy to obtains the Popes confirma-
tion, having fecured Ulma, Norimberg, and Aufpurgfor him, buthefpoiled
his caufe by invading of Lombardy , and accepting there of a Crovvne from
10 the Archbilhop of Millan, thnugh it was but of iron ^ for Pope Honortus
excommunicates him -, fo that he was forced to fpiiake Italy ^ but when
hee returned to Germany, hee found the Cities which he had fortified j
all furrendredto Lothanus, whereupon finding all hclpe failed him, by the
mediation of 5. Berahard who flourifhed at that time, he was reconciled to Lo-
tharius.
^ "Lotharim being fctled, upon the rcqueft of t'ope Innocent i\ic fecond, he came l i 3 2«-
■vvith an Army into Italy, to fupprefle the fadion at Rome, which had fet up
Anacletas an "Anti-Pope; when he came, the faction fied, and hewasCTOwncd
Emperour by Innocent, whom he brought back tothefcity,beingdrivenoutbya
3 ©prevailing party. Xtf^^tfy/i^j demanded the Emperours rights back again from
Innocent -J but being dilTwaded by the Pope and S. Bemhard whom hee
brought with him , to claime that which had caufed fp much trouble and
bloudlhed , lets fall hiscemand. After this, he made a fecond expedition in-
to Italy againfl Roger King of Sicily, who had invaded the Churches lands.
Wherefore having pafTcd the Apenius without refiftance, he takes in Ancona, i it^
Spoletum, and other towns, and by the help of the Pifan Fleet purfues Roger
by Sea and Land, fo that he was forced to abandon Italy : which at lafl being
fetlcd the government of Apulia was committed to Keginaldus^ and of Thuf-
cia to Henrj his fon in law , bur as he was returning into Germany, through
40the grovej of Trent, hee fell fick in a poorc cottage, and dyed the 13 year of his
reign, and was burycd in a Monaftery of Saxony, called from him LotharU Cx-
fartii.
Before this laft expedition into Italy, LotBarius pacified the troubles of Den-
mark, which were occafioned by Magnus King ?iicolaus his fonne, who
had murthcrcd Canutus his coufin German. £/-/t«j brother to this C4»«/*/ im-
plored the Emperours aid againfl the muitherer, who With his Army quieted
the Cimbrians a while ; but after hee was gone Ericus with his Forces
which confided moft in horfe , f ell • fuddenly on Magnus his quaitcrs, kills
him with moft of the Danilh Nobility. Shortly after N:choUus Father to'
$0 Magnus was murthered with his guard in his own Palace ; by this mcanes
£ricus obtained the kingdorae of Denmark. Lothanus authorifed Vemenus
to gather together and to teach the Roman Lawes, which had been neglected
above 600 years. Rome and Bononia were the places appointed for this read-
ing. About this time alfo Gratjan the Monk compiled together the Popes
Decrees, to which many additions have been made by the fubfequent Popes.
From hence fprung up the Ganonifts and Schoolemcn j the one maintained
0^3 «^<^
ij^ ThefecondPartofthe Book. 4.
'jSn. Chrifii ilie Popes Hierarchy, the other his Doftrine , which Schoole doftrine was '
v^::r-'%/"^«.>j compiled afterward in Fredertc the firfts time by Lombard , called the Ma-
iler of the .Sentences, on whom ThowAs^ Scotus , and innumerable Schook'
men ^ have commen'.ed. Lothcirms had by. his wife i^/A-^ one fonne, who dyed
young, and two daughters, the one he marryed to Henr)x\\z proud Duke of Ba-
varia, to whom he gave Saxony, the other he beftowed on LovU the bearded Earl
of Turingia.
le^o. ^" France to Hur^h C^pet fuccecded his fonne Robert^ who built many
Churches and Monafteiies: he reigned after his Fathers death 36 years: to him
fucceeded his fonne Hemy the firft, who placed Wilhdtn the baftard fonne 10
of V^tbeit Dike of Normandy in his Fathers inJieritance , having flain 30000
Isern-ians, he dyed the 28 yeare of his reign, whofe fonne I'hiiif a childc
iticceeded, Baldiv;n Earle of Flanders was his Governour. He was excommu-
nic.te by i-'ope Vrban^ for fcpudiaring his wife, and marrying another, but
1 108. two yeaics aftrr, he was abfolvcd and reconciled, he reigned 49 ycares-, to
him fucceeded Loniis the fixth furnamed the Crept : for fome difference be-
tween him and the Archbifhopof Rhemes , he would be anointed ar Orleans,
and crowned by the Biihop of Senon. He faw 5 Popes m France, to wit, Vrbaa^
1137. p.ifchalii^ GeUfms^Cal/xtus, and hmocent. He reigned 30 years , the Monaftery
of Clarevall wasercdted in his time, the firft Abbat whereof was S. 5fr«Wi^. i®
jlphoiyfiff the fevcnth was called Emperour of Spaine, by his death the
kingdomcs of Legio and Caftile were divided in his two fonnes Smctim and
ftrdwdndm, in his time the Arabians in Spaine called Almohades, would
fliffer no Chriftians to hve amongft them under pain oi- death. The ninth
gencrall Coimcell, and firft among the Latincs called the Lateran of 906
"*■ ^ Bifliops and Pricfts was held, about the recovering of the Holy Land from the
Saracens and Tuikes.The Synod of Rhemes was fummoned by Celafins and held
by C^/zx/w againft Simony,inthisthe Emperour was excommunicate. And coun-
cel alfo was held at.Neapoli in Samaria for reforming oiM^knntts.Lovis is excom-
municate by Stephen biihop of Paris, for invading the Churches rights. Af- 30
ter which hee lived not long, befides he loft his fonne Phihp as hec was
riding thro')gh Paris in his regall ornaments, by a fall from his horfc, by which
he dyed fuddenly. One Tamdemus authour of the Adamites, feduced many
people at Antwerp-, againft whom was i'etvp No rbertfn bifliop of that place, who
.c "was authour of that order which was called Premom Jiratenfis-^ from the place
where hee retired him felfe. In a Synod held in France , it was ordained
that the Knights Templars ftiould wcare a white cloak, of which order there
were not at firft above nine-, but in thefpaceof 50 yeares they grew to be
300 •, abounding in wealth, befides innumerable inferiour brethren, which they
called fervants^ their office was to defend the high-wayes and pilgrims to-AO
wards or from Jerufalem, as the Knights oiScixvx^oh?t were to provide lodgings
and ufe hofpitality.
In the Eaft to K^lexim Comnenns whileft he was yet alive fuccecded his
fonne cdo]ohar)iies, a better and greater man then his Father ; for hee fub-
dued the Turkes in Afia, the Scythians and Tartars in Europe, who had
fwarmed like Locufts into Thracia and Macedonia in time the of Alexius
Commntti. Thefc Calojohannes drove out-, he fupprcfted alfa the Huns
fo4"wx»j'«''' neer Belgradum : a place famous for the {laughter of the French by the Hun-
garians , as they were marching towards the Holy Land. He fent EmbafTa-
dours to congratulate Z,o?W//« his vidory againft i^tf^er/'w. whom he drove jo
out of Apulia. He afterward entred into league with Conradtts Sucvus. He
was a rich Prince in money ; therefore bought Anuoch for a great fumme
from Ramund Prince thereof, finding fome refiftance as he went to take
pofleflion, hee wafted Syria: he tookc Sofopolisthe ftrong City of Pamphi-
lia by a ftratagem , caufing his men to ride as necre as they could to the
Wor,kcs , and let iflic their arrowes at the Garrifon, and then to runne away
towar«ls
G H A p. II. Hifiory of the World. f .1^3
'towards the Woodes, purpofcly to toll the Garrifon from their ftrong' ho'M, jlw.cAr^^
which was done accordingly, and fo the Grecians wheeUng aboiit entred \y^/>JJ
the Towne. He tookc Caftamon from the Pevlarmenians, and returned with "'
triuinph to Byzantium •, but this happinefle Lifted not long , for fliortly af-
ter TAruf'natiins the Turk, and then M-ihnmet recovered what they had loft,
and Gangra to boot with the ftrong City Pontus: at laft, as hee was hunt-
ing of the wildc Boare in Cilicia , he hurt his left hand with one of the
poyfoned arrowcs which tell out of his quiver, wliertby it gangrened,
and his whole body was inleded, fo he dyed the 25 yeare of his rcigne.
10 The Phylitians would have had his hand cut off-, but hee refufed , faying.
One hiiiidcd Cefar was not ft to governs the Worlti. He had four fonnes^
two dyed before him-, of the other two, he chofe Manuel the younger,
to fucceed him, finding Ijiacius the elder of too harlh and fierce a na-
ture to governe. About this time dyed ^ohn a Stamfis , who had lived a-
bove ^60 yeares, for he was a fouldier under cW/ei the Great,and dyed under
Lijvisxht Grofle.
In England Hem'^ the firft firnamed Beauclerke for his learning , theiio©«
■ youngeft lonne of William the firft, was crowned after his brothers death,
Robert being then in Apulia: hee recalls A,/[clme Archbifliop, furnidieth the
20 vacant Biihopricks with fit men, relieves the Laity of their prefTures, and
puniflieth the Minifters for their exadions. Ralph Biftiop of Durrham is
imprifoned for his cvill counfcUs to the late King : the Court is reformed,
the lights in the night are reftored, which were forbidden by Willi'im after
the coojetfen bell. He marryed Maude daughter to Margaret late Queen
of Scots, and Neecc to Edward Atheling: but Robert having returned in-
to Normandy , arrives at Portfmouth with a ftrong Army to recover the
Crowne : the Armies being ready to encounter , for avoiding bloud a peace
was concluded , that Henry fliould be King during his life , paying to RO'
birt 3000 markes fer annum, 2. That Robert furviving Ihould iuccttdi.
3^ ^. That all Robert's friends Ihould bee pardoned. After Roberts departure
Jjenry alTumes the invefticures of Bifhops , which Anfelmus oppofed j Henry
fends to the Pope Pafcalis to let him know the collation of church dignities
was derived to him from his predcceflburs. A»felme oppofeth the Ambafla-
dours at Rome, wherefore hee is baniflied: but by the Popes perfwafions
ylnjelme is reftored, and the Kin? forbearcs to meddle with the 'v^hurch. In
the interim Robert de Belefme Earle of Salisbury fortifies his Caftles, and
combines with the Welch againftthe King, but in 30 dayes his caftles were
retaken, and his complices fcattered, and the Earle banilbed into Nor-
mandy, where combining with William Eirle of Mortaigue, he commits ma-
4^ny outrages, Robert conniving, at the fame, and afterward joining with thefe
Earles, railed Forces againft King Henrj^ who being invited over by the Nor-
mans weary of Roberts opprelfions, and incouraged by Pope PafcaS , fights
againft his brother and defeats him , then brings Robert priloner to England,
commits him to the caftle of CardifFe, where hee lived 26 yeares-, his eyes
were put out for attempting an efcape : fo Henry after his brothers death i 1 0 4,
became ablblute Duke of Normandy : hee kept good correfpondency With
Scotland, and France -, hee fent into Wales a colony of Flemmings, which
muchinfefted this counrrcy: he had fome debate with the Earl of Flanders,
about the payment of a penfion, which the Earl claimed , but the debate was
50 more verball then reall. But after this Lem's the Grofle, had fome quarrels
with him about the Dutchy of Normandy , which was intertaincd by the
quarrcU between the Pope, and Henry the fifth Emperor. The King of England
having marryed Maude his daughter to him, animates him againft the Frei;ich, ^ ^
who Uipported the Pope againft him ^ but by the mediation of the French
King Loi-is^ the Emperour fubmits to the Pope: all differences are takeiiup
bctwcene thcin and Levis -^ fo that the 'King of- England was difappointed 5
yet
J -^ The fecond Fart of the^ Book. 4.
'^-"x^r^i^TveTkeTontinues hTs^quarreirwitb Lovis ^ for procuring Fulh Earle oi An-
CS-v^ecou to felzc upon the countrey of Maync, and animating BaUwm as isfaid
aeainft him for with holding his Penfion which was paid by the conqucr-
our oncly to BaUivm the fihh Earle of Flanders during his life, and was up-
on couvtcfic continued by fucceeding kings. But He^iry beat the French, and
at laft they were reconciled.Afrerthisthe Wellh rebelled, and were fubdued by
him : but hee was much afflifted for the lolTc of Wi/liam the young Prince,
who was drowned returning to England , with many perfons of honour, and
their attendants to the number of^HO, bcfidcs 50 Mariners. After this
the Empcrour being dead , Henry marryes his daughter Mauiie to Geffery plan. 16
iageitet the fonne of Foulke, Earle of ylnioit, by whom ihce had three fonncs,
1014. Hefiry who was King ^ihcr Stephe>i, Geffery and mHiam. Thefirfl Parliament
^ ' _j^f/;ry eitabliflicd in'Salisbury confifling of the three Eflatcs.- about 5 yearcs
after the death of Anjelme. Ralph Bifhop of Rochefter, is made Archbi-
ihop by the King , and gives him his invcftiturc , but rhurfion the Kings
Chaplaine , who was dcfigned tor Yorke , refufeth to fwearc obedience to
Ganterbury,appealcs to the Pope, whoabfolves him, inverts him, and gives
him the Pall : the king is forced to fubmit in this alfo to the Pope •• at laft
havinc' reigned 35 yeares, he furfercd on a Lamprey, and dyed, he was buryed
in the'Abby of Reading, which he had founded. He ercdcd two BifliopricksJ®
of Ely and of Carlyle .• and founded the Mqnaftericsof Circefter, Reading
and Shyvborne. Hee compounded withPriefls for annuall Penlions to keep
their wives. He levyedbuttwo taxes on his people, the one was to maintain
his wars againft France, the other to preferre his daughters marriage with the
Emperour: in him ended the iflue males of the Conqueror. He built the manner
of Woodflock,and inclofed the Park with a ftone wall.
In Scotland Mnlcolme being dead, the Crowne was ufurpcd by DomaU, who
was afliftcd for that end by the king of Norreway, which k> exafperated the
people th;;! they fcnt for Duman M*lcolmes fonne out of England , upon whofe
approach Bomld fled, being forfaken by his people, the fixth moneth after hee 30
had invaded the kingdome. Neither did D«wf4» continue long, for his govern-
ment was fo harfli that hee was hated by his people, upon which Donald got
' Mak fender Earle of Mermes to murther him , and then returning from banifh-
ment, invaded the Crowne againe, but in the third yearc of this fecond invafion
hee was taken and impnfoned, where he firft loff his eyes, then his life. To this
Donald Makolmes hxoxhtr fucceeds Edgar Malcclwes (onnc, who lived peaceably
9years,hebuilttheMonaflery of Coldingam, who dying without iflue , his bro-
ther Alexander fucceeded. This king in the very beginning of his reign,was afTaul-
tcd by an Army of the difcontcnted youth of the kingdom,whom he defeated near
the liver of Spica. Afterward hee was aflaultcd in the night as he was aflcepj^o
by fome afll'afinates, who were let in by one of the groomes of his bed-cham-
ber-,but he fuddenly awaked,flcw to his fword,killed the groom, and fix of the aflTafi-
nats, and fo hotly perfued the reftithat few of them efcapcd, After this delivery he
built the Church of St. Michael at Scone. Having alfo efcaped drowning in a
florme 5 he ereftcd a Church to St. Columbus^ and inriched the Church of Sr.
i I i 4^ Andrervs. He dyed without iffue ; to whom fuceeeded his brother David -^ who
gave himfelf to building and repairing of Churches and Monafleries,he built Holy
rood houfe, with 9 oth'er Abbeys, and two Nunneries, one at Carlilc, the othar
at Berwick, and two Abbeys near New-Ca(fle.Tothe6 former Bifhopricks, he
added four tnorc,to wit5Rofs,Breichin, Dunkeld, and Dunblane, allowing thenijo
large revenues out of the Crowne Lands, by which hee impovenfhed his fuc-
ccflours. Heepofleffed Huntington j belidcs Northumberland, Cumber and
Weff merland. Hee walled Carlilc : and had fome quarrels with king Stephen of
■j J 5 rt, Englaad, which were lliortly after compofed. Mmde the Emprefle fent her
^ ft>n7ic Henry ("who fuceeeded Stephen afterward) to receive the order of knight-
hood from king David his great Uncle, whole cldcll fonne Prince Henrj of
Scotland
Chap. h. HifloryoftheWorll. 175
Scotland dyed, to the great giiefe of the kingdome7 liis eldcftlbnne MaU 4n,chri^i
{olme David caiifed to bee declared Prince of Scotland, and made Wiltum i>vS^
his fecond fonnc Earl of Northumberland : at laft D.Ji//^dyed the 29 ycarc of his - -^
reign.
In Rome to PafehalU who fate 1 8 yeares , fucceeded GeUfitts the fecond one [■'
yearej Berdittui called Gregorj the eight was Anti Pope. To GeUfius fuc- ■'
cccdcd Caltxtui the fecond five yeares ; his fucceflour was Honorim the fc-
cond five yeares .• his Anti- Pope was Ctleflinm rhe fecond. To Honorius fuc-
ceeded Innocent the fecond 14 yeares. When hee came into France , the
loParifian Jcwcs prefented to him the Volume of the Law wrapped up in a
rich cover of cloth 5 to whom hee faid: Almighty God , remove the vaile
from pur hems'. He annoints at Remes Lovis ^c younger King of France*
Chap. XII.
I. A brief t Hiftorj of Egypt from Aiigiiftus , till the Turkijh canqaefii
20 2. The rvefiern af aires under Frederick Barbarofle. j. Divers fajjages
of Italy^ Germany^ and Denmark , a/id the other Holy VVarre. 4. Di-
vers occurrences , and the Peps of tbefe times , with feme parages of
Tartaria.
AFter ^gypt had been fubdued by ^«^«/?w C-epy, it remained fubjedl tcS
the Romans till the Empire wastranilated to Greccc,and then it was under
the Greek Emperour till being weary of their oppreifions, they called in
the Saracens, whofe Calipha they chofe for their Governour, and fo (baked off
the Grecian yoke; this Caliph was defcended from Mahomet the Impoftour , and
JO different both m Government and profeflion from that other Caliph of Babylon.
The laft Caliph of ^gypt being much troubled by y//?»mc»f, who in the king-
dome of lerufalem l^icceeded Baldwin^ craved aid from the Sultan of Syria , who
fcnt thither Sarracomxhzn Army which overthrew Almericui ^ and drove the
Chriftians quite out of ^gypt, this being done hefuddenly feiied upon the Ca-
liph, whom he imprifoned, and daiht out his brains, and then makes himfelf king
ot i£gypt,to whom iucceeded SaUdin his nephew by his brother. He overthrew
the Chriftians in Syria and Paleftine, and brought their kingdom of lerufalem to
nothing .To him fucceeded his brother,whofe pofteri^ty reigned till Melechfala . he
finding his beft and oldeft ibuldiers almoft quite extinCi by rcafon of his Gontinuall
4€ wars with the Chriftians, and not daring to confide in the treacherous and effemi-
nate Egyptians, buyes of the Tartars, who had lately broke into Afia through the
CafpianStraights,andhadfubduedthe Cappadocians , where of old dwelt the
Colchi,Iberi, and Albani along the Euxin .Sea (at this day they are named Men-
grcUinSjGeorgians , and Siberians) he bu\ es I fay of the Tartars their captive
flavcs,tranfports them into Egypt,& trains them up in Military difcipline,by their
help he overcame XfT'ow the French ^king at Damitia, in ^Egypt, which was the
old Heliopolis or Peluftfm, takes him prifoner,anddeftroyes his brother B.0l>ert^
with his Forces, who was got farther into ..tgypt, for this good fervice Melechfa-
/djchofc out of them a guard for his own body, but not long after he was mur-
50 thered, by this new guard, who feifed on the kingdome after it had been polfeffed
by the pofterity of ^arracon about 100 yeares.
Thefc flaves having now made themfelves kings , chofe Alcair of old called
Memphis or Babylon, for the feat of their kingdome: the country out of which
they came is now called Cercalfia, the inhabitants are of the Greek Religion with
the Mufcovites and Raxolans,their children were wont tb be fold, and by Mer-
chants tranfported by Sea to Alexandria, and thence to Memphis, where abju-
ring
^« 5 tbefecond Part of tbe^ __ Bo o K.- 4.
(AihC^rifli]^^^^^^'^'^^^^ ReligbnVthey'vvere fenttofchooletobe inftruftcdin the Ma-
Carv^Li burners Religion, and then were trained up in Mihrary aftaues , and lo were im-
ployedinthewars, which cuftome the Turkes learned, in making of their Jam-
fanes: thefe were called Mamaluchs, which fignifiethcircumcilcd. None were
admitted cither to theregall orequcftrall dignity in Egypt, but thofc that were
thus born, and educated, fo that neither the Mamaluchs children did inherit their
fathers equeftrall, nor the Sultans children,the regall honor.The firft flavc that ob-
tained the kingdorae was T»;-^«ewf«/^-, he was intituled the Sultan, and (o were
all the fucceeding Kinss, as before they were called Caliphs. This new Sul-
tan releafed King Lcms from his impnfoment,and grew fo infolent andimperi-i'^
ous over his fellow fiaves-, that he was murthered by Cothus^ who for this fad
was faUucd king by the Army of Haves, and was after he had overcome the
Tartars, {\d\nhy Bemocddcr^ whofucceed d. He drove the Chiiftians out of
Syria, and recovered Antioch. After he had much wafted Armenia, he was
poyfoned at Damafcus. Afe/ff/'/<t/Hucceeded,whom £//->/> thiufl: out of his throne
and murthered. He took from the Chriftians Tripohs,Sidon,Beritus,and Tyre
and razed them , fo made them unulefuU for the Chriftians, he was murther-
ed by one of his guard in the camp, his fucceftbur Mtlechjeraj/h , or vftrephus
tooke PtolemaisthelaftChriftiantowne, and razed it to the ground. He was
murthered by his guard, as he was hunting, to h:m fucceeded Melechuafar ^ and 20
after this Aff/ffWf/, with divers others, uU crnhbeius^ whofe names arefcarfe
known,much leffe their adions. lh\s C^uhheim was a great fcourge to the
Turkes under B^]ti\et thefecond, whom he overthrew in two great battels,I1is
fonne Mahomet fucceeded contrary to their cuftome, therefore he was depofed,
and upon this arofe divers fadions in the Court : fo that in three yeares were
five Sultans, the two laft were Camffon^ Gnurm, who reigned 1 6 yeares , at
laft fiding with the Perfian againft the Turk, 5e/^w«^ the firft was overthrown
and flain in the battell. The laft was Tonombcius , whom Sdtmm overthrew,
tooke prifoner, and hanged him up in the gate of Memphis, fo ended the .d/^-
mduchs kingdome, having continued 260 years. Egypt fince that time remains 30
a province tothe Turks.
Cof:radusxhc Emperor before his death named Frederic the firft,called Barhroffk
and /ienoknhus from his read beard, for his fucceflbr, though he had a fon of his
1155* own now at years •, at this time Henry of Auftria,and Henry of Saxony his fonne in
law did contend for the Dukedome of Bavary. This controverlie was fo taken up
by the Emperor, that Henry of Auftna was honoured with the title of Duke, who
before was but a Marquifte •., and had withall a pait of Bavaria afligned to him. He
held aDyet at Mersburg,where he compofedthe diiference between C^nuttisthc fon
oi Magnus^ Sneno thciono^Ericiis^ zrxdWooldewarus the (ono^ Cdrmtas whom
Magnus flew, which three contended for the kingdome of Denmai'k.- tlxire it was 40
agreed that Sueno fliould hold the kingdom of the Em^Qxox^Cimtus oi Sueno^ and
VFoldcmar fliould be bound to appear fuch a day in the high Court : fo Frederic
having in fome fort quieted Germany,he makes an expedition into Italy ,being cal-
led upon by the baniftied Apuhans, and fome Cities of Lombardy, which were
oppreflcd by the Millanois , who aimed at a Soveraign Dominion. He ufed great
feverity againft Verona for excluding him the gates.becaufe he was not as yet con-
firmed by the Pope. Millan for a time fubmitted to him • then having crofted the
Appcnin,he enters Rome, where he is crowned by Adrian the fourth, not without
great tumults and oppofition of the people,fo that he was forced to fight within the
City in his own defence •, in this conflid many were taken and flain, and many 50
drowned in Tiber. After this he returned into Germany, where he compofed the
difference between Arnold Bifliop of Mints, and //fww» the Palatin •, the Bi-
ihcphe fparedbecaufe ofhisage,and"order,beinga Church-man, but hee caufed
//f^w^wfortroiibling Germany with a netdlcfle war, to carry a dog upon his
(boulders, holding him by the hindmoft legs before all the people-, which then
was accounted a great piinifliment. Hee caufed alfo Bohfiaus Km^ of Poland to
pay
C HAP. lo.^ ____Jliflory of the IForlL , -^y
pay a fine or muL^, forneglcding to bring in^the'Emperiall ExcW^rlnT^'c/^r/Zi
yearly tribute. ty^r\
Bur wiiilcft the Fmperour was imployed at liome, the Millanois made new work ^^^^
for liim abroad, byopprelTing their r.ei-hbour Cities, and drawing many mto
■ their rebellion •, with whom Pope Ai/nm confpired , who alfo cxafperated
Frederick by fending him word,that the Empire was at his difpofin", to give it to
whom he plea led-, wherefore he thought it time now, to look to himfeltf therefore
with an Army he paffethover the Alpcs, falls upon Millan which hcetookby
^^ftorm, and was about to dfftroyir, but upon the fubmilfion of the citizens, with
naked fword about their necks, and croffes on their breafts, falling downc at his
feet, he (pared it, ytt heimpofcdon themamulftef 9000 markes,3ndinjoined
them to build him a Palace [|in the city, and refign over to the Empire their coin, ^ ^ 5^*
harbours, and cuftomes,and withallto repair the towns of Cumx and Lauda,which
they had i'poiled.But fcarce was Frederic gone thence into Burgundy,whcn the Mil-
lanois enterinto a new confederacy with other cities, with ff/ZZ/^w of Sicily, and
a great number of Cardinals, animating the Pope to excommunicate him,bccaufe
he made the BiHiops to doe him homage, for their temporalties , which he affirm-
ed were given him by the bounty of his predeceffors, hereupon the Millanois ftone
Frederics Embafladours, and intend by fome aflTaflinates which they had hired ei-
^^ ther to poyfon or ftab him •, wherefore he enters Italy again, overthrows Crcma,
a confederate city with Millan, fights with the Millanois army, defeats them and
befiegeth their dx.'^. Adrian in the mean while as he was preparing the thunder of
excommunication againfl him, is choakcd with a flye in his drink, and fo dyed: but
before his death he bound 14 Cardinals by an oath, nottochoofeanymanPope
but him who would oppofe Csefar and maintain the caufc of Millan, and o^FFjI-
liam the Sicilian. Hence two Popes are chofen, one Roland named Alexander^ i60,
the third: by the Millan fa ft ion, the other 0J?^^^'/4/^ named r/c?or by the Emper-
ours fide, to whom were joined the kings of England, Denmark, Hungary and
2Q Bohemia: a Synod is called at Papia, where ^/fA-<i»^fr is cited to appcarj he con-
dcmnes that Counccll,and rcfufeth to come, affirming hirafelfc to be above Coun-
cels-j he excommunicates alfo Frederic for holding with r/cTi^r, and procures the
greater part of Italy and France to fide with him : upon this Frederic f als again up-
on Millan turioufly,takcs it by ftorm, overthroweth it to theground,and foweth fait
onit^ then the chief adtours of this laft rebellion were condemned and beheaded ii 6 lt>
the refl wandering up and down in Italy,and deflitute of all help and corafort,fct up
a new order called Htimiliati.
Pope ^/fX4W<!r in the mean time was not idle, but drew France, Spainc, and
England to his party. Venetians alfo with Padua, Verona, and others places join
with him againfl Frederic. The Romans call home Alexander-, thetownes of
40 Lombardy call out the Emperours garrifons, and all arm againft him. In the in-
terim Filter the Anti-Pope dyed at Luca-, in whofe place was fubflituted one Gttido
of Crcma, who takes the name o^Pajcalis. Frederic is forced to return againe into
Italy, where having croffedthe Pope, he takes Ancona; encounters with the
■Roman army at Tufculur^, where they lofl 15000. He enters the city; Alexan-
der ^yts^ and f 4/?4/w is pUced in the Palace of Lateran ; the Romans take the
oath of allegiance to Frederic. But he lofl divers principallmen in this fight,
befides there dyed of the plague the Bifhops of Colen, Ratisbone, and Spire ,
with Frederic the fonne of Conradus C^far, and divers other prime Commanders ;
this lofs with the oews of the Greek Emperour,who had promifed aid to Alexander
50 conditionally, that he would refloreto him the Weflern Diadem, and the jea-
loufic he had of the Italian treacheries , made him to returnc in haft to Ger-
many.
About this time •, after VValdemar had killed Suene'^t murtherer oiCanntus he
obtained the Kingdomc of Denmark •, and made divers expeditions againft the
Sclavi, who with their Piracies infcfted the Danifh Iflands. He brought Ktclotus
Duke of the Sclavi into great ftraights, that he was fojrced to deftroy many of his
own
^y§ TbefecondFanoftbe Book. 4.
j^K. Cklfhovri-iC towncs •, Hcpimm Leo. And Alhertm Urfus walled moft of his countrcy
,^-^,y'-^an.i peopled It v/ith Flemings, Hollanders, and Fiiflanuers, who erefted divers
Churches there. Roftoch was built by I'rjmijlatf^ ionn&i^i Niclotu< . Watdcwcr o-
vcicame the Rugi. Encm King of the Succi fubdued the rinlanders. The Mer-
chants of Breme and Li;b,c , by their arms brought the Livonians toChri-
tbamty. Dantfick isbi.ilt bythe Danesin the mouih of the liver Viftula. In
Italy the rebels by the afliftance of >4/fX4W(f?' and the Greek tinperour, rebuild
MiUan, they build aUb another City, which from the Popes name, they called
Alexandria and peopled it with 150000 men. Frederic xo hinder the Popes pro-
' ^ ' ^* ceedings, prepares a fift expedition into Italy, after |.c had dcmoliilicdthe wals and 10
fortifications of Mints, which had lately murthered their Bilhop Amoldus^ and had
banilhed C/wy//4»w his fuccefTour: for Co;^rW«j the Popes Bilhop of Mints, was
joined with yi/.^x^w^cr, and mainly oppofed the Emperour, who fent ChnUiAnus
the banillied Bifliop into Italy, He did good.fcrvice there for Frederic^ in recover-
ing AnconaaSeatown,from the Greeks. The tlmd year after he came thiilier,
by the addition of C^efars Forces he befieged Alexandria, which held the Csela-
rians play a long time to their great kfle. Whcrciore heewas forced to make
p.tace with them: and fo disbands imprudently a great part of his Army, where-
upon the Lombards revolt again: Frederic is fain to fend back for his disban-
ded men-, and becaufe the power of Henncus Leo was great in Germany, as 20
being Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, having alio conquered the country of the
Sclavi, and bciug likcwife in league with Waldewar King of Denmark ^ having
befidcs done good lervxe at Jerufakm: the Emperour earneftly implores his
help, which hee favouring the Pontifician party, dcnycd, pretending that hee
was aged and infirme of body. Frederic was vexed at this denyall, yet ven-
. tured upon the Ligurians, and was by the treachery of the Brixians overthrown.
His Eagle is taken,' and he knockt downe from his horfe, being miffed 5 dayes, it
was thought generally, that he was dead, but the fift day he (hewed himlelfc at Ti-
cinum, where the Biihops all protefted toforiakehim, ifhedidnotfubmittothc
Pope. 30
In the mean time Alescander tniftrufting the Romans , fled to Venice in a
Sea mans habit, otto Frederusionwith. a Fleet of 50 fliips purfues him. The
Venetians in defence of the Pope, encounters wiiho//o, defeats him, takes 48 of
his iliips, the other two being funk, and carryes him prifoner to Venice. The
Pope to reward this good fcrvice, beftowes on the City a ring of go}d,with which
they fliould efpoufe the Sea to them, which curtome is yearly obferved upon A-
fcenfion day by caftirg a ring into the Sea. Frederic having loft both his lbns,the
onebydeath, the other by captivity, finding alfo that, his enemies increafed both
in number and power, and that he was not able to help the afflided Chriftians
inAfiaj in this turbulent condition of the Weft, rcfolvcs by the advice of his 40
117 7. friends to agree with the Pope •, who would condefcend to no agreement, till
Frederic iliould come, and tailing downe at the Popes feet, fliould petition for
abfolution: then that hee lliould quiet Italy, and lead his Army into Afia.
Frederic having confented, repaires to Venice ^ and at the Gates of S. Marks falls
down at the Popes Feet, who fets his foot on his neck, faying: thoupalt yvalk
upon the Bafilisk and Affe, and tifen the Lion ^ and the Dragon thou fha/t tread,
Frederick replycd : mt 10 thee bat to Peter. Yes faith the Pope , both to me and to
Peter.
The Pope having honoured Venice with many priyiledges, returnes after 18
years wars into Rome,wherc he calls a Synod , in which he affumesthc power ofjo
canonizing of Saims, to him and his fucceffoursalone.TheWaldenfes there arc
condemned and decreed, thatthey fliould be fupprcfied by force of Armes. Peter
Xow^rfr^is unjuftly condemned of hcrefie, concerning the Trinity. It was alio
decreed that none mould be held for Pope , but he who was chofen by the major
2 I 8 I . part of th.e Cardinals, and that the Roman M^igiftrates Oiould fweare .obedience to
him and his fucceffourSjand then dyed.
Frederic
C« A p, 1 1. Hifiory of the World, 1 8 1
f;Y<^mr/^' returns to GtT^ww/, tofit himfelf for h\sAj(cit7c\ cxj^edition, to yln.Chnlii
that end he calls a 1. iet at Tdmherg^ where he accufeth Hcnriais Leo bf Trea- '-♦'"V^^
fonjcondemns, and piofcribes him, commanding the neighbouring Princes to
invade his Caftlesand Dominions^ he gave away Saxotuy to Bernard o^ Anhalt^
and Bavaria to Otto of IVitteljbuch, for their good fervice to him : yet Leo by
the means of Henry King of Englinci^ his father-in-law, obtained fo much of
his land again from t rcdeiicl<^JLS now the Dukes of Brunjreich and Luneburg do
poflelle. The Duke of Bohenna for his good fervice to Frederick at MilUn^
obtained thetitleof King, or atleafta confirmation of it. Some think the
10 feven EledJ-ors had their original at this lime; It is certain, that before this,the
Marquefle of hrnHacburg and Valatme of Rbcm were of fmall account , and
Bohemia but a Dukedome. A ftcr this, Frederick^ declared his fori Heury^dejar^by I i 8 3^
girding his fword to him. In theDietat il/ewfzi the next year, Pope Lucius
the 3. and Frederick quarrelled about the Roman Confuls, whom the Pope
would have aboliflied , and therefore was thruft out of Rome by the Citizens --,
they quarrelled alfo about the Principality o£ Alaulds or Math, I lis ^ which
CW^>-challengedasgiven totheEmphe, the Pope as due to the Churchy be-
(ides C^far chofe Rodolphuf for Bifhop of'lrevers , but the Pope fet up Voloma-
r»j being nominated by the greater part of the Canons^ therefore !«£•//;«• re-
aofufeth to confirm i/f«>^ in his Regalities, eiccept his father would give over
the Empire. At MilUn the marriage was celebrated between Heary \ redericki
fon, and Conjiantia the daughter of Williavi King of Sicily , by which means \iZ€„
.<^p«/w and ^/f//;' returned again to the Empire : This Henry efcapeda great
danger at Frford : for as he was compofing a difference between Conradus of
Jldent^, and the Lantgraveof T/iwr/w^/^f, the floor of the chamber yeelded^
where they with many others were 5 four Earls, atid divers Gentlemen fell
down into a finke 01 privy , where they had an uncleanly death. Pope Lucius
died at Veronal, to whom fucceedcd Vrbanus^ called Inrbanus^ from difturbing
the peace of Italy, in raifing his Country-men the Lombard! againft Frederick ,
50 ^^hom he was about to excommunicate, but that death prevented it : Some
think he died for grief at the lofle of "jerujdem. ToVrban fucceeded Gregory
the 8. who died at Tifa the 57. day of his Pontificate his fucceflor was Clement
the 3. who by his Ed id urgeth the Holy- war againft the Sarazcny^ for Saladin
the Sultan of j¥.gyp had taken five and twenty Cities from the Principality
o{ Antjoclj which City alfo had been loft by the corruption of the Patriarch
' who was bribed , had not the unexpeifted arrival of the Sicilian fleet uiidet
William hind red it.
The Chriftians having loft all in Syria and Fh<enicia;<cyiCG^i TripoU^TyrUf and
Jntioch^ having loft their Army, and the CrofTe, the Templets and Hofpitalers
40 beingflain by Saladine^-and "jeritjalem furrendred: Fre<^er;c4,3ffifted by Richard
of England znd rhilip of France, prepares an expeditioti intoSyriai, therefore
advancing the Croffe, he gathered an Armyof 300CO. ifaacius the Eaftern
Emperor made fome refiftance , fearing left Frederick! intent might be to fub-
due the Grecians^ but afterward underftanding the truth, hefurnifhethhim
with flipping and provifion : he pafled over the Propontk into Ajia, but the
F>-c'«f/)and Ew^/-/) fupply could not comefoon enough, being hindred by
ftorms. Frederick recovered Cilicia^aixi killed multitudes of Turks at Iconn'xi
which he took, & upon the Sultans fubmiflron reftored it, then he drove Sala-
dine! forces cut of Armenia ^ but unhappily as he went into the river %erra , ot
50 as feme call it Cydum, to fwim, he was carried away by the ftream ^ and with
much difficulty drawn out by the fouldiers , he remained fpeechlefle f >r three
dayes and fo died, having reigned 58. years: he was a valiant Prince,but full of
troubles 5 by the father he was of the Gibeline race, and of the Gitelfhi by the 1120.
mother ■-, he was buried by his fon Frederick, in Tyrus^ who undertook the re-
mainder of the war, conduced his Army to ^«//<?r/f , and there left a ftrpng
Gairifonj thence he went to Laodicea^xQmdy to revolt to the Sarazen, which he
R. pacified
iSz The Second Tan of the Book. IV.
j4ft. Chrifti pacified , and fortified, he took alfo Bcrythus and other Towns, then went to
.W''V>»-' relieve Ftokmais , where he died of a peftilent Fever., and moft of his Army.
By his fecond wife Beatrix ^Frederick had five ions^Henry his fucceflbr, Fredericks
of whom I fpake now , Otto Earle of Burgundy^ Conradus Duke of Suevia, and
rhilip Duke of Titfcia , who reigned after his brother Henry. Its written of
Sarbarojja^ he fo much honoured Pope Vrban , that he lighted from his horfe
when he rid to meet him, and held the Popes ftirrop , but afterward he raifed ,
the cruel fadion in Italy hetweca the Fontificians which they called G«e/pj,and
the Ctefarians called GrbclUns^ from the two families \n Germany , between
which of old was deadly feud : (hortly after his death the third Holy-war iq.
ended , about which time two Orders of Knighthood were made in -^p^m,
the one oiCalatarava^ the other of S. Jago or James , but I finde that thefe Or-
ders were more ancient, for Santius King of Toledo inftituted the Knighthood
oiCalatrava^ Jn.ii^o. fo called from the Province where they were fetled 5
their garment was black, and on it a red-croffe : The Order of S. James was
much more ancient , being by King Ramiro inftituted when he defeated the
Moors at Compejiella:) at which time St.James of Compefiella was honoured with
many priviledges, and great riches, their Enfign was a Rcd-croffe in form of a
fword.
About thefe times Fetrus Aboilarduf or Alardifs , broched many dangerous Qd
errors in Divinity, againft whom under Leirjf the younger, a Councel is
held at Senon. From Fetrus de Bruis fprang up the Fetrobrujlani called Sacra-
mentarians. Gilbert hs Forretamts Bilhop of Foi&ou was depofed for denying the
Divine-EiTence to be God , but upon his recantation he was reftored. The
Archbiftioprick of Lisbon in Portugal is erefted, and the four Archbifhopricks
in Ireland^to wit, Arntagh^Dubltn^Cajfils^ and Touman. By Pope Adrian^ Williant
is crowned King of both Sicilies^vj\\\ch. he holds in fee, then began Sicily to be
called Feters-Fatrimony. Livonia or Lijknd is converted to the Faith by
S.Menardus, who by Pope Alexanderthe 3. is made Bifliop there , where now
is K/^4 the Metropolis. 3^
Much about this time alfo, the Tartmans^ a mighty and warlike people,but
without fetled habitation , wandringupand down the vaft Northern Coun-
tries of Europe and Ajra, being fubjed at firft to that great Lord called Vncam
or Fresbyter-John^ to whom they paid the tenth of their Beafts for tribute, but
he fearing their multitudes which daily increafed, refolves to difperfe them
into divers Countries , which fo difpleafed them, that they forfook their for-
_ r 2 mer places, and went further North, refufing to pay any more tribute to Vn-
cam 5 then they chofe for their King one Cingis Can, who in a fhort time grew
fo great, that they fubdued nine Provinces next them , and at laft came upon
Vncam with a great Army, and flew him, and fo Cingis poflefled his ftate, and ^o
daughter too,which Vncam refufed to beftow upon him in marriage , when he
defiredit^ the fucceflbrs of this C/w^zf waxed fo potent, that they over-run
the great Country of Cathaia , wafting many times the Dominions of the
Turl^s^ Mufcovifes, Folonians, Hungarians and others, of whofe antiquities and
actions I dare not fpeak , becaufe for the moft part fabulous and uncertain :
They are of different Religions, fome Chriftians , fome Mahumetans , and
' ' 7 !• fome Pagans. About this time, a certain mad Sardinian lived a longtime in
woods and defarts among the Deer , feeding on grafle , and walking upon all
four like beafts, one day as the King of that Ifland was hunting, he wastakcn
and brought to his parents, who would neither fpeak to them, nor tafte either 50
of bread or wine, but eat grafle^ in the night he made an efcape to the woods,
and was never afterward feen. The Order of Heremites^ called IVilliamites
from tVilliam Dukoof Glafcony their author, fprung up at this time, they were
to follow the rules of S. Aujime. The eleventh General Councel , and fecond
of the Lat/nes , was held in the Latheran by Pope Alexander j there the ffal-
dcnfes fo called from it'Aldo of Lions, are condemned , and the Popes eleftion
by
Chap, i 3 . Hifiory of the IForld. 1 8 3
by Cardinals alone eftabliOied. Tetra. a town beyond^^r^^t^, is made a Ei(hop-^«.ari/?»
rick. The jfeire/ are perfecuted in Fr^we and Germany^ tbrcrucifyinc^a Chri- U^/^'N^
ftian child. The Carmelites Order began ih the Defluts oisyna^ which after- * * 7 7*
ward was brought vcAoEuro^e^ h^ Albert Patriarch oiConjiammo^k. There
was long debate between the Popes and the Romans, about thegovemment
of the City, and form of Magiftrates : this difference lafted fifty years from
Innocent 2. till clement 3. who at laft prevailed. ' 1 1 8 8,
In Rome to Pope innocent 2. fucceeded Celejlme 2. five moneths : his fuc-
ceflbr was Lucius 2.eleven moneths : to whom fucceeded£«(^t'«/^ 3. S.Birnardf
,c difciple,who fate eight years, to him he wrote his Books oiConJideration : his
fucceffor was Annjiajius 4. one year : to him fucceeded Adrian 4. an EngliHi-
man, who had before his Popedome converted the Nonvegians to the faith
he fate almoft five years: ^/^X(i«<^er 3. fucceeded, who fate one and twenty
years, longer then any other Pope except S. Peter ^ who fate five and twenty
years s Stlvijir I. and Adrian i. who reigned three and twenty years 5 his
Antipopes were, r'<ytfr 4, C^/zx^Mj 3. and Pafchalts ^. To Alexander {uc-
ceeded Lncim 3. four years 5 he was the firft that v/as created Pope by the Car-
dinals alone ; his fucceffor was Vrban 3. one year, whom Gregery 8. fucceeded
for one moneth and 27 dayes : Clemens 3. fucceeded for three years.
20 ■« ^ [ '
Chap. XIII.
^he Eajiern affairs under Manuel Comnenus, Alexius, Andronicus, Ifaacius and
Alexius- Angeli. 2. TAc'/j^wr/o/France, Spain, Denmark, Conftantinople,
Rome, England and Scotland, in thefe times ^ vpith divers other ^iJJ ages.
5. Henry the 6. Emperor.
TO Calojohanties in the Eaft, fucceeded Alanucl Comnentis^ a perfidious,
turbulent, and unhappy Prince. Conradus the Emperor of the We(l,and
he, married two fifters : yet by his treacherie and confpiracie with the
Saracens^ the A rmies o£ Fredericl{^and Lewis the French king were overthrown^
for Conradus having crofled the Thracian Bofphorus^ entred Ajia-^ where he was ^ * 4 /•
promifed to be furnilhed with all neceflaries by the Greeks, who both de-
ceived him, and betrayed all his counfels to the Sultan oilconntm^ whereby
the German army was fpoiled with famine and the fvvord, and unknown dan-
gerous wayes : wherefore the Emperour was forced to bring away the re-
mainders of his army, and to fend Frederick^ his brothers fon poft, to acquaint
theFrencharmy who were going to Iconiufft^ of the Greeks treacherie, for
40 they had fuborned fome to tell the French, that Iconium was delivered up to
the Germans,purpofely to bring them to the fame miferie : it was laid that the
Greeks mingled chalk and lime with their flowerjby which they poy foned the
Latines. Conradus ftayed a while at Ephefus. The French at the river Meander
were beaten by the Turks. il<?^er the Sicilian, to revenge the Latines wrongs,
with a Fleet of (hips takes Corcyra, and waftes all the Greek coaft. At laft Con-
radus and the French arrive at Syria ^ Leveis hafteneth to Jud^a. Conradus be-
ing brought to Vtolomais^ and thence to Jerufalem^ gave way to befiege Damaf-
cus^ which coil the Latines much blood 5 for having taken the fuburbs , the
City was upon furrender, till the Princes began to quarrel whoQiould bego-
$0 vernour^ the old fouldiers perceiving that 'I heodoricus o£ t landers wa-^Wke to
carry it, removed their camp to the other fide of the City,and fo permitted the
inhabitants of the fuburbs to get within Damafcus, which fo angred the Em-
peror, that he left the fiege, and returned home by Conjiantinople inglorioufly 5
the French followed the next Spring, and were like to be furprifed by the
Greeks, had not Roger encountred with Michael raUologus^ Mamiels chief
Commander.
R 2 At
184 The Second Tart of the Book. IV.
Jin. Chrifti At that time , Roger brought from Chdck Silk-makers into Sicily and
•WVN.' Apulia. Another Fleet of Chriftians at that time took Lisbone , and the
Country about from the Saracens 5 tMat City was delivered to Alphonfus^ made
lately Duke ofLuJttania by the King ofCaJiile. The Danes and Saxons brought
the Sclavi to Chriftianity. Lewis returning from SicHy into France, put away
his wife Flianor, pretending the unlawfalneffe of that marriage, by 1 eafon of
confanguinity : (he prcfently married to Henry o^Anjou, King of England and
Tivi\<icoil<iormandyhy right of his mother, Earleof Angiers and T«r<7« by the
father, but by the right of his wife Earle oiPoictou and Duke o( Oafcoigny^
which occafioned great war between England and France. Legats are fent jq
from Armenia to Pope Eugenius^ to be inftru^ted in the myfteries of Chriftia-
nity, who brought news, thsit Presbyter-John that great Eaftern Prince had
overrun Media and Perjia, purpofely to invade Jerujalem •-, The Juries alfo up-
on the departure ofConradus and Lewis, chiefly the Sultans of DamafcHs and
Jconiim,be^an again to make excurfions upon the Chriftian territories. Jofca-
linus Earl ofEdeJJa^as he was at ftool, was furprifed and imprifoned. Noradjnus
made excurfions upon Antioch. Manuel the Greek Emperor obtains Edejpi
from Baldwin the 3. and within a year loft it to Noradin". Raimundus Prince of
Antioch\%{\w\hy Noradine, whofe widow ile;»o/<^ of Caftle married, and with
her obtained ^«^/(7cA .• He fupprefled the high- way robbers of C/Z/ci^^ and for^o
want of his pay frorri the Greek Cxfar, plunders Cyprus 5 and afterward to pre-
vent a greater war,fubmits to Manuel. The Templers and Hofpitallers,though
much inriched with booties, deny to pay their Tenths any more to the Patri-
arch of JertifaleM, having for mony procured immunity at the Court oiRome.
In Manttds time lived Eujiathiu^, Homers Interpreter,and Biftiop of i hejjalonica^
who manfully refifted Manuel, endeavouring to corrupt the Chriftian doftrine
■with fotne points of Mahumetanifme. As this Emperor had many faults, yet
fome good things he had in him •■, for he was very bountifuU, in forcing all his
treafures upon the Sultan of Iconmm, when he was in want of money, ( but I
Ihould rather call this prodigality : ) He was alfo tender-hearted, for not jo
only fent he Greek Chyrurgions to cure his fon-in-law, Baldwin 3. king of
Jerujalem, who had broke his arm in hunting, but hehimfelfalfoonhisknee
did ufe to foment and bind up the Kings broken arm : He ftiewed alfo his
piety, before his death, in repenting that he had entertained Aftrologers, or
hearkned to their predictions, finding them by experience to be falfe and de->
luforie, for they had promifed that he fliould live fourteen years longer then
he did, therefore by his hand- writing he condemned their impoftures ^ he
1 1 8 o. reigned 38 years, and died the 6o.year of his age 5 a little before his death he
refigned his Empire, and imbraced the Monaftical life , he had two wives,one
was Conradus Cafars wifes fifter, the other was daughter to Raimund Prince of ao
Antioch, of whom hehad /4/ex/«f his fucceflbr.
This Alexius was betrothed to Anna daughter of Lewis the French king,
which exafperated the Greeks, fearing the Latines would become too great
in ByLaniium : therefore they fend for Andronicus the coufin-german of ^/e-
xit(s, living in exile among the Turks in Chaldaa -j he raifeth an Army, which
he brings in viewof^^!:.a«^/«»/, having firft overthrown the forces of Proto-
Jcbajins, who undertook the proteftion of the young C<if/ir^ afterward AndrO'
nicHs puts out his eyes, and imprifoned him : So being admitted to the go-
vernment, he thrufts out all the Latines^and many of them he murthers 5 then
undertakes the proteftion o£ Alexius, whom he carried on his ftiouldcrs to the 50
Church to be crowned ^ then having removed all that might oppofe him out
of the way, he accufeth Xene, Alexius his mother, of treafon, as if ftie had plot-
cd with Bela king, o( Hungary againft the State, and fo ftrangles her s fliortly
after he ftrangles the young Emperor, being but fifteen years old, and having
reigned but three, whofe body being wrapped up in lead was letdown into
the fea.
Andre-
Chap, i 3 . Htflory of the World. i'g^
Andnnucus having murthered Jkxius^ reigns alone, and marries with Anna. An.Chrifi'i
or y^sWt'f who had been betrothed to ^/t'x//^^, being as yet but eleven years L-/^''"'v-«
old,and he an aged man. He took IV/r^.? and Tr///?.?, exerciling all kind of cru- i i <^ 3.
elty on his enemies who had fled thither. Akxui'^ Alannch Nephew and the
Latine fouldiers Hie to WiUia7}t king of Sicily , who to revenge the wrongs re-
ceived from Andrnniciif^ took Jhejjalonica & Dymtchitmi^ tiling all kind of cru-
elties againll the Citizens. In the mean time y^«<a'TO»/f/// rageth like a favage
beaft at Z^J'Z-^w//«///,upon the li v ing and the dead alfo, caufing them to be drag-
ged out of their graves : Underltanding that one whofe name began with
jothefe letters, j'.^'. was to be his ruccelfor , and that it was .//Ti^r/^f ^»_gv/«.<-, he
fent one to kill him, who was killed by him ^ whereupon ^«_gt/«f fearing the
cruelty of Andronicits , fled into the Temple;, the people immediately in a
great tumult falute him Emperor. y^«(;//w//r.-«f perceiving that he was hated
by the people, forfaken by his fouldiers, and purfued after by .v illiamo? Sicily^
h^ thought toefcapeby fea, but couldnot by reafon oftheftorms^ therefore
he is laid hold on, brought back to the City, fct with his face backwards on a
lean fcabbcd Camel, his right hand being cut ofl\,and one of his eyes thruft out,
at laft is brought upon a theater,where he is hang'd by the feet upon two poffs,
and there by the enraged multitude is torne in peeces by pincei s and flefli-
20 hooks, he crying out in the mean while. Lord be incrripdll and, IVhy do yon
hniije the broken reed ■' So he died after two years reign, and in him ended the
Comncni.
ifaaciHs Angeliis by the popular fadion is made Emperor : he at firfl: com- 1185.
plied with the people, and eafed them of many burthens ^ he overthrew the
Sicilian fleet fent againfl him , and took the two chief Commanders Wchard
and Baldwin-^ but undeaftanding that King William ■Wdis preparing another
Fleet for revenge, he made his peace with him: He was much troubled with
twofalfe Alexii^ who called themfelves the fons of ALinwl--) but having fup-
prefTed them, he gave himfelf to luxury, wantonnefIej,and opprefiion. He had
30 ill fuccefTe againlf xhtAIyjiansoxWallathians^ who rebelled againftbim: He
drove to hinder B^r/>^J77/^^V march through T/jnir/^, but fo doing he procured
his anger, to his great lolTe : He fent a Fleet to regain Cjprus frorh ifaacms
Comnenus the Tyrant, but with no fucceffe : He committed facriledge in rob-
ing the Churches. At laft he was feifed upon by hi? own brother Alexius An-
geliis, (whom he had redeemed from the Turks with much gold, and made
him his Confort in the Empire) and was by him deprived both of his eyes and
government, the lo.year of his reign, being deluded by the Aflrologers, who
made him believe that he fliould r6ign two and thirty years: His fon long
after got him out of prifon_, who upon the change of aire and diet (hortly after
40 died.
AlcxiuiJjigehis^ who changed his fir-name, and would be called CpMnenus ^ 1 1 9 5.
having blitWed his brother, invades the Empire s but as he was riding in tri-
umph with the Crown on his head, the Imperial horfe ("having more wit then
the people that chofe this Tyrant) flung him down,with which fall the Crown
broke, an ill prefage. He gave himfelf to rioting and tyrannic : he threatncd
to kill alexins the younger, fon- to ifaacitir, who therefore fled to Venice^ where
he procured the Venetian and French affiftance. At that time Boniface Mar-
quille oiMontferrat^ Baldwin Earl oftlandci's^ with divers other Commanders,
were met at l-cnice, to have their afliftance in their expedition to A/ia, which
$0 was promifed with a great fum of mony , conditionally that they would affifl:
the ll.epublike to beliege the Town J'''^'-*''''? that had revolted from them to • •
the H/tngar /an r^ which accordingly was performed. In the mean time -^/cx/«r
arrives,complaining of his Uncles tyrannic,his Fathers imprifonment, and his
own ban iOimcnt •■, promifing them great matters, if they would aid him to put
duvv^n iheTyrant.
R 3 Upon
I S6 "The Second Tart of the Book. I V.
An.Chrijii Upon this a Fleet is prepared of two hundred and fifty (hips, in
'*'*'~V'^*«- which were thirty thoufand Foot , and a thoufand Curifers. Alexitfs the
Tyrant, in the interim, fufters his Towns to be taken in the Eaft by the
Sultan oi Iconhtm^ and his Armies to be beat by the Schythums and WaU
hchians. The Venetian fleet fets faile from Dalmatia , and arrives into
the Bay oi ByLiintium^ having broken the Iron-chain which fecured the
Bay : Upon this , the Tyrant robbed the Emperours Tombes, and fled
with a great treafure of gold, having reigned eight yeares. The City-
gates are opened to the befiegers , and the Citizens adore their old Emperor,
whom the Latines had delivered out of prifon and re-inftal!ed ; but the peo- |q
pie defire that young Alexius wa'^x. bejoyned with his father Ijaacius:^ this
was granted, conditionally that the old man would ratifie his fons promifes to
them : but the people murmured and fretted, that fo much treafure (hould be
given to the Latines as was promifed, crying outjthat the Empire was pawned
by a Child,to a proud and covetom Nation ■-, hereupon the Latines being in-
cenfed fall to plundring, not fparing the Churches,they fct on fire the Saracens
Synagogue, by which a great part of the City was burned ^ there is no end of
their exadionsiThe two Emperors fate ftill^permitting their deliverers to pay
themfelves •-, whereupon the enraged multitude, by the inftigation oi Akxnfs
£);/r^ a flout man, met together in the great Church, railing againft both the 20
Csfars, calling them tvrl Angelsjand threateningto choofe another Emperor •-,
in the interim old ifaaaus dieth , and one Nicolas Canahtts is named Emperor :
Alexius upon^this fends bac^ for Boniface the Marquis, and the Latines, to put
down this new Tyrant. Dhcih ffirnamed Alurzu^/is^ from his hanging-bro\\s)
comes privately to yi/ex/wj-, counfels him to flie betimes from the fury of the
people, and therefore gets him to come out of the palace, pretending thnt he
Would proteft him;, but he prefently rhrufls him into a dark dungeon,and then
ftrangles him the 7. moneth of his reign , and withall dravves Catialus out of
the lemple: forfometime he defended the City againft thebefiegers^ at
length hegoethout to treat with them, but was beat back with lofle^ he 20
fuftainedthe fiegea while, but finding theCity unable to hold out, he gets a-
way, the 76.day of his governmcnt,carrying with him En phroj/nc the Emprefs,
and her daughter EHclocia^w'nh whom he was in love. Ihcodoms Lafcark fon-
in-lawto Alexius Conmemis ^QA\\\\QW\(e. At \dSi the Grecians fall to petition
for quarter, fubmitting themfelves to the Latmes^ who ufedthcm with all
kind of rigor and tyrannic. Thus the chief G)w;,»;/ departing out of the City,
and the reft yielding themfelves, C;'&rfw^//w/ and its Provinces fall now into the
power of the L<i/^7«ej-. After this, 71 ///rs:,;////// or Afurzipklus is apprehended in
Telopannefus^ brought to ByLmtium^ where his eyes were thruft out, and he
flungdownfromahigh tower by the Latines 5 the people raged on the dead ao
carkafTe, tearing it in peeces. j.
The City being taken , fifteen men are feleded who fhould name the Em-
peror : the J'efjetians were to name a Patriarch of their own Nation, if fo be
the Empire (hould not fall to them : So the Earls ofFlafula-s and S.rau! named
five men apeece, Montferrat and the Allobroges as many more , the Venetians
name the reft;, the fuffrages fell to Bdldivin Earl oiFlaitders^to whom was given
the halfof the Cities, of the Provinces, Tributes, and other things which they
had conquefted in the war. Thus the City being fctled, they march into Thra-
cia^ where all places between Byzantium and Aclrianopolis are furrendred.
£<tWjr/w to gratifie his fellows, Atchxcs Boniface the Marquis King of 7/ip^rf/y, -^
and beftowes the Ifle oi Crete ( which Boniface had got as a gift from Alexius
y.ngelu f^and which he willingly refigned)upon the Venetians 5 this occafioned
1204. the emulation betwixt the Venetians and Gemiok. So now the Eaftern Emoire
is transferred frohi the Greeki to the French,
Ib
Chap. 1 3- Wflory of} he World. 187
In Ffvrwrt', to Lcir/f the Gioflefuccecdcd LcrvJs the j. called the Yotinger : y^n-Chriih
he tnanietl with .-^Z/Tr/onr the daughter of ^^V///^w Duke of Cviyr/o/e;;. He made " ^ "
his expedition into r^i't;//,w<f 5 where he lofl: his Army by the Greeks perfidi-
oufnelle (as we ha^■e find) after a years ftaj he rtturns,and divorceth Alknora-^
then marrieth with J^Urj^ or as fome call her Bcalrix^ dauglner to Alphonfin 7
En^pcror ofspjin, and Alicnoru (as is already Taid) married with He.nry Duke i i 5 o.
oi'biurmandj and King'of rw?/.?/?<^. This Lewk died at Park the 44. year of his
reign. Tohim fucccedcd r/j////),called /^■w^/z/^ofjand /i/f/eo^/.r/^^d-.- he was made 1180.
king in his fathers life-time ; He baniflied the Jerrex out of France:, and with
10 Richard oirniLirid went to ralcji'ma^ where with the confederate Princes he 1 1 9 i»
took AcoM.i^ and retums the fame year into France : He had five years war with
Richard ofEfJo^lmdi^ he obtained tvra vidlorieSjOpe over the Eng'ifli at VoiQou^
another over Otho the Emperor in ): hinder si, he died the 43. year of his reign
nfrer his fathers death. In his time was held a Synod atfrf;'-^, in which the
Clergy parted with their Tythes, for promoting the war againft 5.t/^i^7«c the
Turk : he much enlarged and 1 e.tutified Varis. In his time a cuflome arofe
in hr^wcc 5 that when any Prieft was dying, he laid on his breaft a paper
containing the true faith of the Fvefurreftion , becaufe at that time
fome made qucftion of it. Then alfo did fome Citizens of Srcweand Lubec
aofet up the Order of the Marian fouldiers at rtolomak^ after the form oF
the Teutonick order, which two are by fome confounded : Colonies of
thern were tranflated into Germany^ to fubdue the ScUvi and other Northern
infidels.
In England^ after the death of King Henry ^ Steven Ezrle of^ Boloigne, fonne
and heire-apparent of Stephen Earle of JB/<yj, and ofAdela the Conquerors
daughter, made himfclf Ring, albeit he had folemnly vowed to King He«rjy
to forther the fucccfiion of Manld the EmprefTe , and Henry'' s daughter.
He feifed on the treafure of his unkle King Henry, and difperft it among
fuchashel^new would fbnd him in need. He created divers Noblemen and
goK-nights, and releafed the Dane-gilt, caufing fome rigorous lawes to be
mitigated: He much advanced the Clergie with priviledges and immuni-
ties, exempting them from the Temporal Magiftrate ; he erefted many Forts
and Caftles : he gave all CmnberUnd to David Ring of Scots and uncle to
Jtlauld theEmprefle, that he fhould not help her to recover her right, he
alfo made Davids eldeil fon Earle of Huntington ^ yet not long after (va.
her quarrel ) he wafted the North with fire and fword , till he was forced
withlofleto retreat By 7 ^wy? c>« Archbifhop of Ti?/-^. Inthefixth year of his
ieigne, ;i/.r///.''5wiih her bafe- brother Robert Earle of Gloucejier, landed with
an Arm)', which was much increafed by the accefTe of Englilhand Welfh :
40 the King with his Army encounters the Fmpreffe :, a bloody battell was 1 1 4.2.'
fought , in the end the King is taken , being forfaken by his common-
fouidiers, ar.d fcnt to the Caftle of Brijlol, and after three monethsfet at
liberty, to free the Earle ofclocejier who was taken prifoner. TheEmprelle
is received into Londok , where ftie was like to be furprifed , for refufing
to reftorc King Edwards lawes 5 therefore (he fuddenly flies to Oxford^ where
(lie is unexpcftedly befiegedi; butcloathing herfelf, with her chiefeft com-
jslices, in white, (he efcaped by the benefit of the fnow, and got away in a
Ihip to N(?!7/MWi:/)' i After this was peace. In the 17. yeare of this Kings reigti
died Gecffery fUntagenct husband to the Emprefles, and Henry shdrt-f»antle
uq her eldeli: fon married Elianor ( as was faid already ) heire to the Earle of
TotBou. This Henry \vz$ enc^>uraged to invade England, which was his due
in the right of his mother. He therefore arrives with his Army, whom King 1151!
Steven encounters, whofe only fonne Eujiace was unfortunately drowned,
which caufed a peace ; for Steven being childleile, adopted Henry, and pro-
claimed him heir-apparent to the Crown : the Prince returns to Nor^iancfyi
and .
1 88 The Second ^anofthe Book. IV.
An.Chrijii and the next yeare after King Steven died, the nineteenth yeare of his
*'^'"^*'^^^ Reigne : he was buried in the Abbey of FeverJ}?ar/t in Kctit , which he
had founded. And fo in ticnry ^ the Saxon blood is again leftored to the
Crown.
1 1 54. As Henry was befiegingone of his Caftles in Norminclj^ which was fur-
prifed by the French, newes came to him of King Stevens death ; He was
advifed to raifcthe liege, and haften for Engbnd-^ but he refolves not to
ftirre till he had taken the Caftle, which upon this was furrendred : then
he jTailes into Fnghtnd^ and is crowned. He reformed the Common- lawes,
and divided the Kingdome into fixe Circuits , appointing Judges twice jq
every yeare to ride thefe Circuits. He banilhed the ftrangers ^ who had
flocked hither in great multitudes, and fuch of the Nobility as had ad-
hered too much to King Steven : He caufed moft of the Inland-caftles
to be demolifhed : He feifed on all Crown-lands which had been aliena-
ted, and refumes into his own hands CiwtberUnd^ Northm/hcrland^ and
Hunhngton : He married Gcoffery one of his youn8,eli Tonnes, to Conjiancc
daughter of Conaccus Duke of Bntuny , by whom he had that Dutchy ;
his youngell: fonne married with AdeLt K.ing Lcwjf o£ France his daughter;
and he beflowed his daughter Aiauld on Henry Duke of Saxony^ about
which time died the Empreile his mother. He never fuffered his Souldiers 20
to be idle, but did ftill cxercifctbem at home or abrond. In the 19. year
of his Reigne, he failed into />i7/«J, and made himfeUe by his Victories
1 1 7 4. Lord of that Country. He caufed his eldeft Son Henry^ and his wife htargnret
the French Kings daughter, to be Crowned twice ^ himfclf, then cond time,
ferving as a Sewer at his Sons table ; who then bragged ^ ikit his Father
rvas hut the Son of an Ffnprejje^ but h/wjelfe the Son both of a King and glveen.
His fonncs Henry ^ Geofery ^ and John ^ with the Earlcs of Leicefter and
Chcfier^ and William King o^ Scots ^ took part w ith the French againft him;
yet Henry prevailed, and pardoned his Sonnes andLordsfor this rebellion.
Prince Henry died before his Father, and 'John was poyfoned by a Monk. 30
The rebellions of his Sonnes put him into a Feaver, which killed him in
four dayes : He died in Normandy ^ the five and twentieth ycaie of his
Reigne , and was buried at Fountcverard in Fratice. He was a fortunate,
wife, and valiant Prince : but unhappy in his Childrens rebellion; his
vain dotage on Roj amend ^ whom he loved above his chafte wife Elianor;
and in his quarrel with 'ihomas Becket Lord Chancellour, and Archbi(hop
of Canterbury , who would not be inverted by the King , but went to
Komc 3 and received his Pall fromi Innocent the fecond , and was made a
Legate: at his return, he furrenders his Chancellorfhip and Grcat-feale to
the King, not fliewing him any reafon why he did fo. Upon this difcord^o
between Henry and 'ihomas , the Clergie grew infolent without control!;
whereupon the King calls a Parliament , in which King sicvcns Law for
exempting the Clergie from the Temporal power, is aboliilied, bythecon-
fent of theBifhops, even of Z^ecAe/ himfclf at jafl, but with much adoe ; who
after he had fworne to allow this at^, yet rclapfes, and obtaines the Popes
pardon for this fin of his: hereupon the King feifeth upon all Beckets Tem-
poral lands, and demands an account of 3COCO marks, which he had in his
Chancellorfliip turned to his own ufe : This Becket refufed to doe, and went
privately to Rome ; after whom the King fends letters to the Pope, complain-
ing oi' Becket ; but the Pope took his part,and threatned the King with excom- 50
munication,unlefie he were reftored. In the interim he is recommended to the
Abbot of Fontinjiack in France^ to whom the King fent to have Z'c<-/;g/ turned
out, and withall forbids acceilefiom the Pope into England, Beckets friends
alfo are banifhed : The Abbot fearing the Kings difpleafure.perfwades ihcmas
ro leave hishoufe; then did Icnvi' the French king procure him better enter-
tainment.
Chap. i 5 . Biflory of the Worldl i8^~^
ment, and animated t he Pope againft Ring Umry ^ who fails over into France^ AnjChrip-
and in the French Kin gs prefence proffered to reftore Thomas and his friend s, w/V^rf
if he would take the former oath and fubfcribe ^ which he utterly refufed to
doe, except he might adde this exception, Sdvo honors Dei 5 which highly
difpleafed the King, who returns into England : twoLegats with an Inter-
dift againft him came from Rome, which made him palle over to Normandy
to conferre again with Becket, who was ftill the fame man > fo the King was
forced to reftore him. The young King Henry w^s alfo offended with him,
for refufing to abfolve the four Biftiops whom he had fufpended for perform-
jQ ing the folcmnities to him without his leave, and fo was confined to his iioufe
m Canterbury '^ but within foure dayes after, Becket was murthered by fpure
aflafinatcs in his own Church, for which the Pope accufeth the King, and en-
joyns him to war three years inperfonin Palejiina, but this he redeemed by
crc<fting three Religious houfes, he vifited Beckets ftirine, walking bare»
footed from London to Canterbury as he was enjoined, and there was whippe4
by all the Monks 5 the four murtherers died miferably in exile, within four
yeares.
Richard firnamed Cour-de-Lwn, king Henry the 2. his eldeft fon now living, nQg
fucceeded his father : he firft of all enlargeth Queen Eleanor his mother, who
20 had been reftrained by Henry, fordillikinghis wantonneffe with Rofamond.
She governed the kingdom, till her Son came home from Normandy : ftje (et
at liberty prifoners for fmall offences, and paid many of their fmall debts : 'm
this her fon Richard did imitate her, pardoning ordinary offences, and freeing
all his debtors. He made his brother John Earl oi Lancajier, and married him
to the Earl of G/(?c£/^eri- heire^ he gave h.\ma\io Nottingham^ DevonJIme^ and
Cornmd:, but he proved unthankfull, in affefting the Crown. This Richard
in a ftiort time by his bounty exhaufted all his fathers treafures. He was per-
fwaded by the Popejto accompany in perfon Frederickthe Emperor and Philip
AugnjiHs of France^ into the Holy-land 5 Sicily is the place appointed for their
30 meeting : And becaufe he would not be burthenfome to his people in taxing
them, he fold his Forts of Barwick^ and Roxburgh to the Scots King for looool.
he fold alfo the Earldom o^ Durham to the Biftiop 5 he made fale alfo of divers
Honours and Manors. Having fitted himfelf for this expedition, he commits
the government of the Kingdome to William Longchamp Bifhop of Ely, who
Ihortly after was made the Popes Legate. Then he failed to Cyprus , being
driven thither by tempeft ^ which he won,and fold to the Templars for 300GO
marks : Thence he fail'd into Sicily, where he difcontented Philip the French
king, becaufe he denied him a ftiare in his conqueft oi Cyprus, being he was ab-
fent when it was taken, and becaufe their covenant of equal-ftiaring extended
40 only to the Holy-land ; yet they agreed for the prefent , and proceeded to-
gether in their journey, having good fuccefle againft the T/^r^^ ^ they took
many Towns and Forts, and among the reft Aeon, where Richard pull a down
the Banner of Archduke Leopold fet on the walls, faying, that his own Banner
(hould be firft fet up, feeing he firft entred the City^ at this r^;//p was much
difpleafed again with Richard, fo that he returned in a rage home, carry-
ing with him the Forces that belonged to the Emperor and to Leopold :
Ring Rich.ird notwithftanding , by the help of fome Chriftian Princes with
him,perfued his victories againft the '7'«)'i^/;and then returned to C>'/'r«r, which
he won from the Templars, and exchanged it for jfen//rf/e/», with Guido ox Guy
$0 oiLejingham, the laft Chriftian king,whence Richard was ftiled Ring ofjerufa'
km. In the mean while, the Biftiop of Ely (fon of a Cow-herd) did fo tyrannife
over the kingdome in his Proteftorflaip, that he became odious : wherefore 1 1 9 i.
perceiving how he was hated, went difguifed in a womans habit to Dover,
purpofing to leave the kingdome-, but he was difcovered, and by the people
dragged up and down , and after fent to the Tower; but when the King re-
turned, he was reftored to his offices : ftiortly afterj as he was travelling to
Rome.,
1 90 The Second Tan of the Book. IV.
An. Chrifti Rome, he died. In the Kings abfence,hib brother ']ohn feifed upon many Towns
^^f'^'''^^ andFortSj angry that F/^ was preferred tohimin the Protedorfliip: K.rhjl/^
alfo made many incurfions into Normandy ^ which caufed king Richard to for-
fakehisConqueftsiny^/i.- but in his return he fuffered fhipwrack, between
JfjHjlcia and Fe«/f e,and by fwimming faved his life 5 he was Ihortly after taken
prifoner by Leopold m Aujirra^ and fold to the Emperor Wewrj the 6. for 60000
marks, from whom heranfomed himfelfe for 1 00000 pounds: then he rides
port toNormandy^xMkth. an army,and revengeth himfelf upon the French king.
In this meanwhile his. brother 'f<?/)«repaires to him, with humble fubmiffion
and acknowledgment of his diiloyaltyjlaying the fault thereof upon Elys mif- iq
government 5 hereupon "john is received into the Kings favour. Richard^xipoix
his return, ranfackedtheMonafteries, taxed the people, and refumed all the
Mannors, Caftles, and Offices he had fold, into his hands, to pay his ranfome,
80000.1. whereof he paid, the reft was difcharged by Leopcld, whom the Pcpe
excommunicates for making Richards, prifoner, aher his good fervice in the
1193* Holy-war. He caufed himfelf to be again crowned King ^ then tranfports an
Army intofr^wce, where at the Caftle o{ Chalousneer to Ljfnois he wasftiot
with an arrow, of which he died within three dayes, the 9. year of his reign j
but before he died, he won the Caftle , caufing all to be put to the fword ex-
I I 9 9. cept the malefaftor,whom he pardontd. In the beginning ofthis Kings reign, 20
Robin-Hood and Uttlc-Jokn robbed and fpoiledmany rich mifers and uferers j
but Robin being betrayed bled himfelf to death , fo his theevifh rout was dif-
perfed. King Richard was buried at fo iteverard in Fran^ e, at his fathers feet :
he left three parts of his treafure to his brother John ^ and the fourth to his
fervants.
I I "5 2. ^" Scotland^ to David fucceeded his grandchild Malcolm^ againft whom
Sumerlcd Thane or Ear] of y4rgili rebelled, whofe Army was defeated, and he
driven into 7/-e/./W by Gilchrijiiits Earl of -.^«^««". King Henry of Fngland, for-
getfall of his oath which he made to king David when he knighted him, that
he would never trouble him nor his pofferitie for thofe lands he held in Eng" 30
land^ took the jurifdidion of Carl /Jk from the ArchbifhopofG/.i/c^ 5 then he
caufed this young King to fwear him fealtie at Chejier, and carried hira againft
his will over with him into/' r^wte, thereby to keep the Scots from invading
England^ and to bring Malcolm in diflike with the French king. At his return
into Scotland, he endeavoured to pacific the offended Nobility, excufing him-
felf, that what he did in affenting to king Henry'' s demands, was by force 5 and
fo they were pacified for the prefent. After this, Malcolm is invited by Henry
to the Parliament at Tiory^, whereheis accufed fbraffifting theFienchs there-
fore his lands in England were forfeited to the Crown : upon his return honve-
ward, the people were foincenfed, that they had almoft feifed on him in his a©
houfe at Berth : He complained to his Nobility,how he had been circumvent-
ed by Henry, wherefore a war is proclaimed j, the two ArmiesmetatC^r/zyfe^
but to avoid blood-fliedding, Wcwrj was contented to lezve Cumberland and
Huntingtonto Malcolm, and only take Northumberland from him, to which
i!/.?/w/<«ii/againftthemindof his Peers affented, and therefore was defpifed by
them ; Upon this the country of Callorvay rebelsjbut in three battels they were
defeated by GilchriJiE^r] of Angus. The J\ Moravian rebellion was worfe, in
which the Kings forces were beaten firft ■■, but a new Army being fent, the Mo~
ravjons were quelled, and moft of them killed or fled. Sttmerled took occafion
1162. ^^y thefe tumults, to invade the fea-coaft with an Army , having the afliftance 50
of malecontcnts; but he was apprehended, and his forces defeated. The Par-
liament propofeth a marriage for the King, being now 22 years of age 5 but
he rcfufeth to marry at all, preferring Celibate to the married life.and fhewing
that he had provided an heire for the Crown. So all being quiet at home and
abroadjhcgave himfelf to repairing and building of Religious houfes,and died
116'^. fi:ortly after, the 2 5 year of his age, having reigned above 1 2 years.
To
Chap, i 3 . tiiflory of the TTorld. i p i
To Mxlcolm fucceeded his brother William. He is called upon by king Htnry An.Chrifi.
to do homage for CnmherUncl and Huntington 5 for that caufc he repairs to him, UOOw*
and withall remands NorthitmberUnd as his due. Henry promifed to fatisfie him
the next Parliamentj at which he was defired tobeprefent; thither when he
came, Henry going over to France with his Army^takeslVilliMft with him againft
his will : having ftayed there fome time, with much adoe he got leave to go
for Scotland, whither when he arrived, he fals to fettle the kingdome, and to
build forts : then he fends Embaffadors to Henry, to demand TSlorthun/berland :
Henry being bufie in the French war, was content to part with a fhare o^North-
10 htt/nberland, but not with all '-, afterward this fhare caufed a new war, for fVil^
/m«» demanded the reft, and Henry was forry for giving fo much 5 Armies are
laifed , and incurfions made on both fides 5 at laft they came to a parley, in
which William vinexpeftedly was furprifed by 400 horfe in ambufli, which he
thought to have been Scots, and carried into France. Having ftaid there fome
time, he ranfoms himfelf, by delivering unto the Englifli four garrifons, viz,,
Edinburgh, Sterlin,Rofhurgh,3.nd Barwick^, with fifteen hoftages, till the fum
agreed upon was paid ; in the mean time he is difmifled, who being returned
home, he with his Nobility fwear fealty to the King of England, till thefe gar-
rifons were redeemed; then he quiets the tumults at home. King Henry de-
20 mands, that the Bifliops of Scotland ftiould acknowledge the ArchbiOiop of
J(?r4.for their Metropolitan, which they refufed to do, for this caufe they com-
plained to Pope Alexander 5. who freed the Scotilli Bilhops from fubjeftion to
the Englifli yoke. Shortly after this, Gilchrifi kills his wife the Kings fifter, for
being found in adultery : he is fummoncd to appeare to anfwer for this mur-
ther, who refufeth, therefore is profcribed, his honfes puU'd down, and his
whole cftate forfeited : Some years after this, the King returning from Murry,
where he overthrew Donald Baan that had rebelled there, meets with Gilchriji
inthehabitofabegger, whom demanding what he was, fell flat at the Kings
feet,eonfefliing his miferable condition 5 at which the King being moved with
30 pity, confidering his former greatneflTe and good fervices , reftored him to his
ancient honours and eftate.
King Richard having fucceeded Henry , and preparing for his Eaftem expe- 1 1 9 O;
dition, fends home the Scots hoftages , and reftores to William his three garri-
fons, (for Edinburgh-CaMewzs redeemed before , upon the payment of the
fourth part of the ranfome J he frees him alfo and his fucceflbrs from all bar-
gains and covenants made with king Henry 5 in requital of which favour, IVil-
liam fends him towards his charges in the Holy-war loooo marks, and fent his
brother DavidEavl of Huntington to wait on king Richard^ who in his return
from Syi'ia was ftiipwracked;, fold by the Egiptians , bought by the Venetians,
4© and fent home the 4. year after his departure from Scotland. King Richard alfo
being returned, was vifited by king William and his brother, with a prefent of
2000 marks ; here Williant fell fick , and it was rumoured through Scotland
that he was dead , which gave occafion to Ha^-ald Earl of Orkney and Cathnejje,
to pick a quarrel with the Bifliop of C^^A^e/Ze, and then to thruft out his eyes,
and cut out his tongue, but William being returned, he caufed Harald to be j j g g^
apprehended and hanged, having firft put out his eyes, and emafculated all his
male-children. This fame year Alexanderkmg VFilliams fon was born.
King "JoAw of Fw^/^w^ quarreled with William, for refufing to aidhirh a-
gainft rhilif the French king ; therefore began to eredi: a garrifon over againft
50 B^rip/f A, which the 5rof/ threw down again : upon this Armies are raifed on
both fides 5 but without any blowes, a peace was concluded, and agreed, that
Williams two daughters ftiould marry '^ohns two fonnes, and that nO garrifon
ftiould be built neer Barmcl{. After x.h\s,William loft his youngeft fonne, with
his nurfe and fourteen more, by the fudden inundation o^Tay^ which drown-
ed a great part o( Berth in the night-time,fo that the king hardly efcafied him-
felf j therefore he caufed the Town to be built in a more fafe place upon the
fame
icfz 'The Second Tan of the Book. IV.
An.Chrifii fame river, and called it Terth^ now S.Johns-town. After this it was agreed be-
.v<*>— ^^ tween the two kiflgSj John and WjlliaM^ that for the time to comejthe children
of the Scots kings (hould do homage for their lands in England , but not the
I 2 I A. kings themfelves. Not long after this, William died , the 74 year of his agej
and of his reign 49.
In Rome^to Clemens 3. fucceeded Cehjiine 5. who fate 4 years and 7 moneths:
he excommunicated all Fr4«ce for king P^z///?/ divorce, who had repudiated
his wife Gclhcrga •-, he confirmed the Teutonick Order, prefcribing to them
the rule oiS. Attgnjime^ with a white-garment and black-crofle, injoyning
them to fay in 24 houres, the Lords Prayer^ Creed^ and Ave Atari j^ 700 times, i^,
To Cf/f/^7»c fucceeded Innocent:^, whofate 18 years and7 monet;hs : He fent
feme Religious men to convert the 'lartars, who by the ^^r,?s,c«x perfwafion
preferred MahumetanifmetoChriftianifmei fome think this was done after-
ward by Innocent j^. He alfo procured Livoniaio imbrace the Chriftian faith:
under him was held the 1 2. Oecumenical Councel at Lateratt^ at which were
prefent two Patriarchs, ofConJiantinople and Jeruftlcm^ fevcnty Archbifhops,
four hundred Bifhops, twelve Abbots, and eight hundred Priors f, in this
Synod the word Tranjiibjlantiation was confirmed. About this time fprang
up the Order of Predicants by Dominicus the Spaniard, of which are recorded
to have been 4143 Monafteries : the Jliinurites Order by Franch the Italian, 20
of thefe were 900CO. in rlafind's time : the Carmelites, by Alhert Patriarch of
Jerufalemj the Eremites Order alfo o(S. Anjiin, gc the Order of the Holy-lrinity.
1 1 9 1. In Germany^ Henry 6. fucceeded to his father Barbarojja^ whofe wife Conjiance
daughter to Roger king of Sicily , was married out of a Monaftery j by her
Sicily was annexed to the Empire : when flie was fifty years old , fhe was
brought to bed at Tanormus of Frederick 2. in a publike Chappel which Henry
had built to that purpofe , that it might be feen the child was not fuppofititi-
ous. He was refifted in the beginning of his reign, by the Bifhops oicolen and
Liege^ with whom the Burgund/anr fided, but they were quickly fupprefl'ed by
Henry^ after he had put the Birtiop of Liege to death , who was more aftive a- 20
gainft him then the other. After many conflifts, he quieted the Sicilians and
Jpdians who would have revolted from him , and put divers of their ring-
leaders to exquifite torments, fleaing fome of them alive, blinding others, and
thrufting fbarp pikes through themf, fome that aimed to be Kings,he crowned
with Iron-crowns red-hot : for this caufe he was named Henricus Ajper^ Henry
the rough or (harp. In Italy he placed new Governours, to keep them from
rebellion : Being well ufed at Cremona and Bcnonia^ he gave them power to
coin their own mony. The death oi Saladine^ (who caufed his fliirt to be car-
ried in his funeral, with this acclamation, Here is all that is left of the great Con-
queror of the Eajii) gave hopes to Henry of (bme good to be done in Syria:, ^o
therefore he prepares an expedition, and to that purpofe fends great forces
before, under the Bifliop of Mentz. and divers other Commanders, who took
Joppe from the Saracens^and fortified divers Towns : but as Henry was coming
after with his fupplies, he fell fick of a feaver at Mejjana, where he died i, fome
think he was poyfoned by his wife, for his adulteries :, he was buried at Td-
»o?w^ in a Porphyric tomb, having reigned fomwhat above fcven years: his
fon Fredericks-was now five years old , whom he committed to the care of his
brother P/j////> i him he had made Governor ofHetrurja^ and married him to
1199- Irene the fifter of Alexius the Greek Emperor. Henrys death hindred the Chri-
ftians progrefle in Syria. ^q
luSpain^ theNitwidians, Moors^ and Africans^ being arrived in great fleets,
fet upon Alphonfus king ofCaftile, whom they overthrew, and laid waftehis
country, fo that the French were afraid they would pafle over the Pyrenean
hills thither : this expedition of the ^<i<?ri- into Spain, was occafionca by the
D.iifes, frij/anders^and Hollanders, who in (everal fleets let upon and wafted the
coaOiofBarbary ; in revenge whereof, the Moors fell upon Spain.
THE
» ty ^» t-' J tVX-J t/ V» ^' ^' «y -^ tj \
k . ^ ."ii? -i^ '^4^ OZ?* r- /^ >/
■ffffffl
^H
THEf .FIFTH BOOK
OF T H E
SECOND PART =
htreatingof the times from Thilip Emperourin
the Weft, and the French Empire in the Eaft, till tVenceJlaus the German
Emperour, containing theHiftory of 200. years.
-Mio Y'
I.
■ ''/" ' ''"■ ■■ Chap. I.
X. 1 he Troubles of HvLXO^t under VYi\X\Y>^ Otto the Fourth^ andYxcdexickthe
SecondjFmperdursoftheWeji. 2. Jhe Affairs of the Holy Land. 3. 0///>e Danifh
and other Furopeian /Affairs.
^ He report o^ Henrys death being come, ThiUp hafteth from > ^/ /, .
^ He/r«rM into Ger««4»;', fending the Peers of the Empire Cj^Sj
before, defiring them to fulfill the will of the deceafed 120a
Emperour, in confirming his fons Succeffion,and his own
Proteftorihip^ but Pope Innocent by his Legatsfentto
the Princes to refcind the will oi Henry ^ and to rejeft Phi-
lip from the Government of the Empire, for he hated
Frederickznd his race,and fo he did Phihp^for curbing the
Popes power in J/-*/^.- therefore he is excommunicated, and the Bifhop of
Sutrie that abfolved him degraded upon the Popes inftigation. Many voted
for Bertholdus D. oiLoringia : but the King of Bohemia^ D. of ^^/x-^w^Marqueft
ofAfyfnia and ^^z/^re, with Others in Parliament declared Philip EmperOurt
which Bertholdus perceiving, and that his power was too weak to refill:
yielded to rhilip 5 upon this the Pope inftigates the Princes to confer the
Empire upon 0/?^ the fon oiHenrictff Leo^ and withall excommunicates Philip
which made the Bohemian and other Princes to fall ofF^ hereupon Otto is
Crowned at u4;:if bythe Bilhopof Co/e«5 but Philip being nothing de'je^^ed
40 raifcth nn Army, takes in Straus burg, and at ^p/re encounters with Otto^ whom
he defeats and puts to flight ; upon this the Lantgrave of Thuringia after
his Countrey was wafted by Philip , fubmitted : then, becaufe the Bohemians
fided with 0^f<?, Philip falls upon them with fire andfwordj he forced alfo
theCities upon the K^/«e,evenCtf/e« it felfto yield, fothat Adolphus the Bi-
ft]op v\ as fain to crown him at ^/x, notwithftanding K.Richard and K.lohn of
England ftood entirely for OWtf,being his Uncles : Otto thrufts Adolphus out of
his BiOioprick, Phihp maintains him 5 hereupon another Battel is fought by 120 7 •
Colen^ in which Ctto loft the Field, and was forced to flie into England.
Conr.idm Bifhop oiMentz was lately returned from Palejiina j he for fiding
^^ with rhiljp, is ftript of his Bilhoprick by the Pope, and fo was his fucceflbur
Ludolphus, and Sigifrid^ Philips enemy,is made Bifliop : but an end was fliortly
after put to thefe Civil wars by the Marriages of Philips Daughters , for the
two eldeft he beftowed upon the King of Bohemia and Duke of Brabant the
third he married to Rjchdrdth& Popes Nephew by his brother, and the fourth
to his Competitor Otto, who upon this left off profecuting his right in the
Empire : By this laft Marriage Phihp bought his peace, but loft his life 5 for
A a 0ne
2ii The Second Tart of the Book. V.
jjfi.chnjir. one otto Pt^'ittelibachiits who had been a fuiter to this daughter, and was by
v-f^VN-* Philip encouraged in the fuit, but afterward rejefted, in a rage gets into the
room where rhrhp was at Bamberg with a private friend , and thrufts his
Dagger (which he had under his cloak) into the Emperours throat, of which
wound he dyed, having reigned ten years almoft 5 the Paricide efcaped by
1208. means of Erbert Biftiop of Bamberg, but afterward he was apprehended and
(Iain, rhilips body was buried at Bamberg^ and from thence tranflated to
Spire by Frederickj-he Second 5 his wife Irene dyed (hortly after with grief.
Otto fucceeded to Phihp, for fo they had covenanted, that Otto fliould not
meddle withthe Empire whileftr/'i//p lived; bat he did not enjoy it long 10
quietly, for ftiorrly after he had been crown d by Pope Innoceta the fecond at
Rome^ (where his Gold prevailed more then his Sword ) there arofe aquarrel
about the Principality of il^rf«4 fometimethewifcof /Jewrj/the Fourth 5 this
(be had bequeathed on the Church of Rome, but the Emperours ftill claimed
it as their due ; therefore Otto refolves to recover by Armes both that Mar-
quifat and the other Territories with-held from Frederick^ the Second's Tu-
tors. At this refolution of Otto's, Pope Innocent was highly offended, and
becaufe he would not leave ofFhis claim, he is excommunicated 5 therefore
Otto fets Guards upon the Pope, fuffermg none to have accefs to him j which
caufed fuch a tumult in the City, that Otto, not without great flaughter, was 20
fain to flie thence into Lombardy, where he collets his Forces and invadts
Romandiola, Ttifcia, andtheMarquifatof y^»^o«4; thence he marched into
jipiilia to recover what the Pope had detained from the Empire : in the meaa
feafon the Popes curfe is publiftied in Germany, and the Princes are deiired to
thruft the Excommunicate Emperour out of his Government. Hence arifeth
a new War, which drew Otto home out o£ Italy, fome do fide with him , but
more with the Pope 5 hereupon the chxti German Princes, with the Bohe-
mian, fend for fre^^eric/^ the Second out of Sicily, remembring the promife
they had made to Henry his father, about fetling his fon in the Empire. I^re-
derickcovnts into Alfatia ; Otto with his Army prepares to encounter him,but 50
moft of his Souldiers forfook him, fo that he returns into Spain j Frederick^ in
the interim takes in all upon the Rhine, then being crowned at Aix, he makes
a League with Philip the French King:; theKmgo£ England iihiks Otto with
men and money, upon this the War is renewed ; but it lafted not long, for
I 2 I 4. otto being defeated by the French, and forfaken by his men, refigned up his
Empire the fourth year after he had undertaken it, and five years after this
refignation died of the bloody Flux, and was buried at Brufvpige.
In thefc Civil wars of Germany, the Marquefs oi Brandenburg drew the Sclavi
I 2 1 8. to rebell againft Canutus Ring of Denmark. Peter Bifhop of Rofehild an'ived
in theO<^er with an Army, which he landed in the Marquifat , a bloody Bat- 40
tel is fought, and he taken prifoner, but efcaped, and with another Army de-
feated the Marquefs as he was plundring of Sclavia, and took divers places in
Holfatia from Adolphm the Earl who aided the Marquefs : At laft Lubec being
taken by Valdemarm D. ofslefvic who affifted Peter, Hamburg is furprifed by
him, and in it Adolphus. Canutus being dead, Valdemor the fecond is faluted at
Lubec, King of DenmarkjinA Sclavia, and Lord of Nordalbingia. Adolphui for
his ranfome delivers up the ftrong Fort oiLavenburg to t)ie King.
About the fame time Philip of France recovered all Normandy again, the
270. year after it had been given to Rollo the Dane, from whom till this time
were reckoned twelve Dukes, fix whereof were Kings of England, odoacer 50
¥k.\r\go( Bohemia, for fiding with the Pope, is depofed by Otto the Emperour
at the Dyet ofNorimberg, and his fon fet up in his place.
The tValdenfes, called commonly the poor men of I^'tfw/, Albigenfes and
S^g^^w, were bufie about thefe times in oppofing the corruptions of Rome,
Jigainft whom the Dominicans and Francifcans were imployed by Argu-
ment, arid the Earl of Mont s fort with fome other Princes by the Sword, many
of
Chap. I. Htjiory of the J^oHd. 213
of them were flain, and many burned for Hereticks : the Saxon r, Wejifalianf^ Au.chnfii
FriJIanders , and Jujirianf were making an Expedition againft them , but v-/''V'"n^
changing their mind, theyaffifted Spain againft the Mooret or Kingof iI/<?-
rocco. Peter King oiArragon loft his life in amfting the Albigenfes.
FrederickyizVing fctled Germany^zndi annexed again Belgium and Lorain to the
Empire, was fain to be crowned the fccond time at Aix^ and to take a folemn
Oath to the Pope, that he would raife all the ftrength he could to recover the
Holy-Landj for which purpofe alfo he aflembled the Councel oiLateran^ and
promifed to declare Fre^mr^Emperour , but before this could be performed^
10 Innocent 6hcA at Per«/?«w,as he was going to compofe the War between the
Pifans and Cenuok : At laft Innocents promife was performed by his Succcf-
fov Honoriuf. After this, Fre^/er/Vi^returns to Italji, to take order with the
Tufcians and Apnlians^ who by the affiftance of the Bifhops, had invaded and
fpoiled the Emperours Territories 5 thefehe fubdued, and removed the Bi-
Ihops out of their places, which fled to rhe Pope for remedy, who defired
Freflfbv^r^to reftore them 5 which he refiifing, and withall inveighing againft
the Popes pride, covetoulhefs, and frauds, gave occafion of new troubles, by
which all Italy banded againft the Emperour5and at laft the French were called
in to the Kingdom of Naples^ (thefe troubles were prefaged by Earth-quakes,
20 and blood mingled with duft, out of the clouds, at Rome.') The Emperour is
excommunicate t, the Sicilians take up Armes againft Frederick^ having (haken
off his Govemmentjtherefore Frederickjs forced to leave Italji^and to pafs over
into SiiiljfV/hich he quictcd,and performed Funeral obfequies to his wife Con-
Jiantia lately dead : Thence he returned into Germany^ where he held a Dyet
at IVufceburg^zuA made his {onHenry by Conjiantia his Colleague in the Empire,
but afterward condemned him to perpetual impiifonment in Calabria, with
his two fonSjby confent of the German Princes(where he died the next year af-
ter)becaufe he aimed to dethi-bhe his Father,againft whom by the Popes infti- ' ^ ^ ^°
gation he ftirred up the Cities ofLomhardy : This quarrel was fomewhat miti-
50 gated between the Pope and Emperour by John de Bregna K. of Jer«/a/ew,who
acquainted the Pope with the danger ofAjta^znA that i^Damiata had not been
furrendred again to the Sultan, the Chriftian Army had been drowned by
opening the fluces of N///^-. He alfobcftowed his daughter jf^/e upon Frede-
rick^, with the Kingdom ofjerufalem for her dowry, to engage his fon-in-
law againft theSarazensin^/Zi^, Fre<^er/f ^^having undertaken the Expediti-
on, fends his fon Henry into Germany jto have a Dyet called for raifing of mony
horfe and men towards this Expcditiont
Ludovic Lantgrave oiThuringia is by the Princes made chief Cottiiiiander of t 2 2 <
the German Forces. Fr^-^er/V)^ invites the German Princes into Cremona^ to
40 confult with them about the Empire, for he could not with fafety leave Italy.
This the Pope fufpefted, wherefore by raxfmg of Lamb ardy he hinders the
meeting fi but Pope H^wriof dieth in the interim, to whom fucceeds Gregory
the ninth, as fierce as the former againft the Emperour, accufing him for
lingring in Italy^ and negleding the Afiart Expedition, whereas he knew that
Frederickhy his fon Henry was promoting the bufineft in Germany 5 Brundufium
was the Rendevouz ft)r the SouldierSj where the Lantgrave of thuringia^vd^
divers others fell fick & died ; FrederickjiSio himfelf Was ill difpofed, by reafon
of the unfeafonable weather, and when he put to Sea, was beat back again by
contrary winds, fo that he was forced to ftay at Brundufium ; the Pope not-
50 withftandingrageth againft him, accufing him of perjury^ adultery, and cru-
elty to his wife , of treachery alfo, in fufferingr>4«?/4^<t to be loft 5 therefore
he curfeth him, and denounceth war againft him, to that purpofe calleth Bre-
gna or Brcnntfs his father-in-law into Romandiola, giving him the Title of
Exarch «, he armes alfo the TufciaHs and Lombards againft him. Frederick, to
purge himfelf from the Popes criminations, calls the Princes together at Ra>-
vemta, but the tumults oiLombatdy hindred that meeting, therefore he clears
Aa a kim^i
11^. T7:?e SecondTartofthe Book. V^
M.Chrifii. himfelf by writing. So having repaired his Fleet, he fets faile for Afta^ having
y-^^-^r^-t fent before, with the greateft part of the Army, Remold D. of Bavaria^ and
1228. Mafter of the Horfe, the charge of Italy was committed to Remold D. of
S pole turn : but becaufe Fredericktook not his leave of the Pope, nor expiated
his crimes, contemning as it were the Popes curfe, he commanded the Syrian
Armiesnottofollow,ortoobey him,andwithalllayeth hold on the King-
dom o^Napkf^ and fills all Italy with troubles : Fre<^er/r4.notwithftanding for-
tifieth Joppe, and forceth the Sultan to reftore Jenifalefff, Bethkem, & Nazareth.
This Brennus or Bregna had married Mary the daughter oiAlmarirus King
oi Cyprus and JerHfalem^and with her received the Title of King : he did good 10
fcrvicein ^/w^but being forfakenof-^w^rcivKingof H/m^^rj', who having
wafhed himfelf three times in Jordan^ thought he had fufficiently paid his
vow, returns home with his Army : being (I fay) thus forfaken, and hope-
lefs to recover Palejima , he intrencheth himfelf between C^faria and the
hiW Caiapha, and grew fo ftrong with the continual aid of Pilgrims, that he
much infefted the Barbarians , then having got a Fleet of Ships , he failes to
Damiata(o( old Heliopol/s) in ^^^-f^, breaks down the Chain which kept off
Ships from entring N?/^, and at laft,not without mwch labour and blood took
the Barbarians ftrongeftHold. Here Saphadinaswas flain, his fon wanting
provifion, retreats from the place with his Army, Conradin the Sultan of Da- 20
mafcus and Jerufalem, and the fon oi Sapbadin^ offers conditions of peace, and
promifeth reftitution of the Crofs, and all that the Chriftians had loft in Cyria^
or rhenic/a ^ this was liked by .ill the I atincs, except by rdagiuf the Cardinal^
who would yield to no tearms till Egypt were firft fubdued ; At this^Conraditt
in a rage demoliOieth the walls and chief buildings of jerufalem^ C£Jaria^ and
other places, that they might not be ferviceable to the Chriftians, who loft
many men by the Plague and Famine 5 at laft, Damtata after a years fiege and
a half, is taken ^ Telagtm claims it as the Popes due 5 King Brennus retires to
TtoUtnais^ who with much intreaty of the Princes returns , Telagius the
Legat urgeth the fubduing oi Egypt ^ and fiift of the regal City Cayre , whom 50
Brcnnm refifteth, alledging they came not iox Egypt ^ but for recovering the
Holy-Land , but the Legat would have his will , therefore commands Lodo-
vjckoi Bavaria to go before, and the reft to follow, threatning to curfe thofe
that obeyed him not 5 about 70000. went for fear of his curfe ^ nofoonerhad
they pitched their Tents about ten miles from the City Cayre^ when the Ni/e is
let in upon them, many were drowned, and the reft forced to forfake
Haniiata^ and to leave Egypt --i the Sultan of Damascus made Truce with
them for ten years ; upon this Brennus repairs to the Pope for new fupplies.
About thefe times, W' 4 WcW4r the fecond, King oi Denmark^^yNzs furprifed
and carried away with his Son by Henry Earle o£ Stterinuat ^ whofe Wife the 40
King had abufed whileft Henry was abfent at theholy War,notwithftand-
inghehadintruftedhferwiththeKing, hoping (he could not have been any
where fo fafe. This King having recovered by his Armies , and fubdued the
Sdavian coaft of the Baltick^ Sea , and having regained Hamburgh from Otto
the fourth, was in his fleep feized upon by night, carried away in a Ship , and
imprifoned in the Caftle ofDaneberg-^ fo that two years after he was forced to
ranfome himfelf with 3 5. Talents of Silver, fo he recovered his Kingdome,
but in the interim loft the Town o^Vandalia^ which revolted from him.
1230. Frederick^ having returned from Afia, ftiewed that he was not dead , as was
given out , purpofely to encourage Brennus to invade Apulia and Calabria^ be- 50
ing the Lands of one dead in Excommunication. Frederick^ lands in Sicily^ and
overthrows in a Battle the forces of his Father in law , and reconciles himfelf
to Pope Crcg^?^, who had been driven ontofRomehy the People forhisexa-
ftions,-. and was indigent of money 5 therefore the Emperour by Leopold o£
y^;//ZrM fends him a great fumme , and upon that he is Abfolved and entertain-
ed by the Pope : So they joyn their forces together againft the Rebels and
Hereticks,
Chap. I. Htfiory of the JForld. zz<
Hereticks, raging on them with Fire and SwordTF,-e^er/c>^on the Mejjamatn A».chrm
in Sicily, Grcgery on the laitom 5 who being again purfued by the Romans y-^^^AS
aiming at their antient hberty , ftoutly defended himfelf : At Reatum a
bloody battel is fought, in which 30C00. were flaine : After this he fends his
Preachers about for raifingof men and money again for the Holy Land A
great Army is raifed under Theobald King of Navarre and other Commanders-
They march by land/ufFering much hardfhip and lofTe by the way ^ butlhort'
; lyafter they were come to Ftolemak, the Turks Army overthrew them fo
that few efcaped, who returned home with difhonour. * '
10 About this time Ferdinand King of Cajiik took Hij}alis and Corduba from
the Sarazens , and "^ames King of Arragon, Valentia and Majorca, driving the ' ^ ^ ^'
Barbarians into Africa: And about the fame time did He«ry rebel againft his
Father Frederick, whom he alfo would have poyfoned as fome think upon
fafpition that he loved his Son C<?«m(^«f begot of jfo/e the Queen of ?er«^^«!r
better then him. The fame year, FreJmV^ married ifabel Sifter to Kins, Henry
the Third of England , then did Pope Gregory fet forth his Decretals ; f re^-
ric^^prepareth an Army to chaftife the Lombards, chiefly the rebellious Miliar
nek'-i but the infolencies committed againft the Hungarians by Frederick df
Auftria , who defpifed the Emperours Summons, caufed him to raife his Siege
20 from before Millain and return home, where he ftript the Aujirian of all
his power and bands 5 then renews his quarrel with the -^ii^rfwzj-, whom he
fubdued, and took in Sardinia fubjeft of gld to Sicily : The Pope challenpeth
Sardinia as a part ofthe Churches Patrimony, f»"e<^er/V/^refufeth,ftiewin2it
belonged to the Empire, the Priviledges of which he was bound by Oath to
maintain; upon this Fre^/erzc^ is accurfed for an Heretick, and an Enemy of
the Church : He on the other fide, by Letters to the Chriftian Kings exculeth
himfelf, and accufeth Gregory of high crimes, whom the Rohians upon hope
of gain by his prefence, received again into the City.- Then did Gregory
ftrengthen himfelf by the Venetians and Genmis, who had contended long for
go the Dominion ofthe Sea 5 between them he made a League for Nine years
that they might be the better able to aflift him againft Frederic^: He alfo in-
vites Lems the French King to take upon him the Empire , which he reflifeth,
yet afterward both Lewis of France and Henry of England fell foule with Frede-^
rick., forimployingthe Eavle of Tolonfe bis forces againft Raimund Earle of
Trovince,vfho was Father in Law to both Kings.- hdwever,Fr^^zc4was preva-
lent againft the Pope by Land, and againft the Venetians at Sea 5 onely Ferraria '
was recovered by Gregory.Such confiifion was then in Italy,that the Emperour
could fcarce know who were for him, who vi^ere againft him 5 therefore he
brought in for diftindions fake the Barbarous names of Giielphs and Gibellms
40 which two Families had heretofore quarrelled in Germany j the Caefarians arc
named Gzk///»x, the PontificiansGw/p^j; thefetwo fadions fill all places of
Italy with blood, moft Towns fell ofFfrom the Pope, even Rome was ready to
forfakehim, but that he in a folemne fupplication caufed the heads ofthe
two Apoftles Veter and Faul to be carried through the City, to move the
people to commiferation.
Frederick, in the mean (pace takes Eeneventum by ftorm, and overthrows it*
he drives the Benedi&ines out of their Monafteryat Cajfinum, and gives N«-
ceria in Abulia to the Saracens (whom he drove out of -yza/j/ : )Hefalsfud-
denly upon Ravenna and fubdues it. Upon this Gregory cals a Synod at L^te-
5q ran for depofing of Frederick,, who by his Letters to the Princes fliewed that
both the time, place, and per fons, and other circumftances were fox Gre<?ories,
advantage, but all to his prejudice ; therefore he ftiuts up all paffages to Rome
both by Sea and Land, and intercepts fome Cardinals going thither whom
he imprifoned, with divers Biftiops , which fo grieved Gregory that he fell fick
and died, the 1 5. year of his Pontificat, and almoft 100. of his life. Then did
Faventia. after a long fiegc yield to Frederick^: his two fons, Conradns and
Aa 3 Henry I
zz6 The Second Tan of the Book.V.
Att.Chrijli. Henry drove the Tartars itom. Damtbiitsi, thefe had plundred roland^Hungariaj^
''•y<^^'^^~'^>^ SilejU-^ the Church wants a Pope for twenty one inonethsj in which vacancie
Fre^/er/rj^ removes the Univerfity oiBononiA into Vtidua.--, at laft theEmpe-
rour by the intreaty ofBaUvpw, who had left Ajta, and o{ Rawmnd the Telojan^
being both now in Italy^ difmiffeth the imprifoned Bilhops and Cardinals,
wifhing them to choofe a new Pope, which they negleding to doe, were for-
ced by Fredericks Krvncs^ zm^ Lewis the French Kings threatnings; at length
Innocent the Fourth is chofen at Anagnia^ now called Campagnia di Roma ; he
'245' pretending that Frederick, meant to kill him , fled to Genua from Rome , and
then by Sea into Lions -^ in the interim , the Romans overthrew Fredericks i©
Garrifons , and in a Skirmifti one like unto the Emperour was killed , where-
upon it was rumoured that Frederick, was kiUed,which caufed many to fall off
from his Fafcion.
The Pope in this mean while choofeth new Cardinals,whom he honoureth
with Scarlet Garments and Hats ^ then he fals with his Curfes upon Yrede-
rick^ and invites the Germans to choofe Henry Lantgrave of Thttringia for
their Emperour , which was hindred by Frederick/ Armies , this not fucceed-
ingj the Pope cals a general Council at Lions , there "Petrnf de Vineh with
1245. others ftoutly pleaded for F>'e^r/f)^j yetnotwithftanding he is anathemati-
zed: But to (hew how much he flighted thisCurfe, he fals upon opprefiing
the MiUanois again 5 but finding divers of the Princes to forfake him as an Ex- *~*
communicate Perfonj he promiieth the Pope tomaintaine the Holy War, if
he would abfolve him and fettle his Son Conradus in the Empire, which by
him was refufed^ of this Fre^mri^ complains to the Princes, but Innocent
proceeds in folliciting Henry to accept the Empire, which he did at laft, whom
Conradus Fredericks Son oppofeth with an Army , but his Commanders bemg
bribed forfook him, fo that he was fain to return with dilhonour to his Father:
after this, the Lantgrave by the help of the Bi(hops,playes the Emperour , and
as he was going to receive his Inauguration at Vlma^vfdiS fet upon by Conradnsj
the Landgrave had the better, but a Referve of 1 5000 Conradus had laid in 30
Ambufti , breaking out fuddenly on the Lantgrave, defeated his Army,
in which he received a wound, and of that died Ihortly after.
Innocent being much troubled at this, fends his Oratours abroad to foUicite
^'' the Princes to rife unanimoufly againftFrc-^mt;^, and withall fends a great
Summe of money to William Earle oi Holland^ to raife an Army and to invade
the Empire , but the money was intercepted by Fredericks Friends j yet by the
diligence of C<7«r/i<^«x Biftiop of C«//^;f, and the other Prelates of Ger/«^«y, as
alfo by the continuall preaching of the Francifcans znd Dominicans ^ infinite
fummes were raifed for ^F7//;<r«f, with which he raifed an Army that drove
Conradus King of the Romans quite out of Germany , wherefore Frederick.
refolves to go into Burgundy , that from thence he might fend forces againft ^^
Lions where the Pope was 5 but in his journey he was flayed by P4r/«</,which
thruft the gates againft him ; he refolves not toftir till he had taken it, but
the fiege lafted a whole year, in which time he builds a new town clofe by it ,
which he called Vi&oria^ and caufed new Coyn to be ftampt in honour of ^7-
^^r the Martyr , to whom he vowed to build a Temple, if he fubdued the
City : He had there three Sons with him, Henry the younger whom he crea-
ted Vice-Roy o€ Italy, Frederick.the baftard Prince otAntioch and Governour
of Tufcia , and Henjtus King of Sardinia 5 he had alfo received Elephants
and fome other wildebeafts out of ^/r/f^i, with thefe he made publick (hews ^q
atanunfeafonabletime^ andfpent his treafure vainly, fo that he was faine
to turn his new ftampt Gold into Leather money , promifing to repay it again
in Gold : The Citizens of ^arma proffered to furrender upon Articles, which
were denyed them by Frederick^^ wifhing them in fcorn to eat fparingly, and
make much of their provifion, for thatfhould be the laft that ever they
fhould eat j this fo exalperatcd them, that defperately they (alley out upon
the
Chap.z. Htjlory of the JForld. 127
the Csfarians (Frederickhtmg then retired for healths fake, with fome part oiAtt.Chrifii.
his Army) whom they defeat and put to flight, feife upon 1 5000. Horfe, and WV->-»'
cut ThaJd£tfs the General in pieces, and the new City l^i&oria they overthrow
and level with the ground.
WillUm oi Holland in the mean fpace, defirous to be confecrated, laid fiege
to AiX:, the Dukes of ^<«f<7»;' and B^i^^Wd were again ft hirti, but he had the
Biftiop ofColen, with the reft of the Clergy, for him, whofe Armes and purfes
were at his command ^ by their help, and by an inundation of water, the City
yielded, and received JVil/ia/ft. About this time Petms de Vineis, who had
10 pleaded fo much ioxVrederick^ was ill rewarded by him, upon fufpition that
Pope Innocent had hired him to poyfon the Emperour by his Phyficianj, who
having brought the potion, and willed by Fre^ericA.firft to take it, poured it
on the ground ; upon this, Pe/m eyes were thruft out, who to avoid further
punifhmentjorelfemadfor being falfiyaccufed, beat out his own brains a-
gainft a pillar. In the_mean while Frec/er;c4begins to prevail again j he drove
William back into Holland-^ he fubjefted Parma^ being fecure,with other Cities
in Italy. People began to murmure,that the Popes perfecuting of Frederick^
kept him from ji/fo, where all was now in danger to be loft , many revolted
from Chriji to Mahuntet : Hereupon Innocent is defired to receive Frederick,
20 into favour again, that he might heal thefe fores of Chriftendome, or elfe that
he ftiould be gone from Lions^ but he remained inexorable j and therefore
fends to the King ofEnglandto have Y>nrdeaux for his refidence, being he was
baniftied from his own Church. In this mean feafon Frederick died in Apulia, 1250.
of poyfon, as fome think, of a Feaver, fay others ^ and to haften his death the
fboner, his Baftard-fon Manfred fMed him with his pillow •-, he died the 38.
year of his Empire, and the 54. of his age •-, by his Will he left a great treafure
towards the holy Warr '-, he was buried at Panormns in a Tomb of Porphy rie,
on Manfreds charges, to avoid the fufpition of murder.
He was a Prince eminent both in vertue and vice : he was a good Scholler
aoandLinguifti he OMCed AriJiotkyGalen^Ptolofny, a,nd Avicenna to betranfla-
ted into Latine out of the Greek and Arabicks heereded an Univerfity at
N/«p/eJ-, corrected many ofthe Laws, and was a lover of learned men; he had
three wives, the firft was Conjiantia Queen oiArrago% of whom he had Henry
the elder Duke oisuevia and King of the Romanes 5 the other was Jole^hregna's
daughter King oijerufalem^ whence the Title of King ofjernfalem was an-
nexed to the Kings ot Sicily and Naples, of her he had Conradus, on whom
Fj'e^^ewVA.conferredthe titles of his brother Henry, and bequeathed him Sicily
and Naples : The third was King Johns dau^terof England, of whom he had
Henry the younger : he had al{b,befides divers daughters, baftard-fons; Alan-
jLOfred vnnce of ^^trew^ww*, who ftifled him for giving away Naples from him,
HenJiHs King oi Sardinia, whom the honanians killed, being ftiut up in an iron
Cages axidTrederickWiaceofjintioch.
Chap. II.
I. 7he true ejiate of the Eajiern Empire. 2. The affaires tf/ France, Tartary,
Denmark, Poland, England, Scotland, Spaine, and other places. 3. The Popes
of thefe times.
^ rX^He Greeks having loft theEaftem Empire, ^alduinus Earl of Flanders,
I being but ga.years old, is made Emperour oiConftantinople ; who to in-
^ large his Empire,paffeth into Afro, having fent his brother Henry before,
againft whom Prufa of Bithinia ftiut her gates. Baldwin was quickly called
back ont of Afia, upon the revolt of fome Cities \n Macedonia and Thracia,
among the reft Hadrianopolk, which held out fo long, till 'John Duke of Mjfia
came
ii8 The Second Tart of the Book.V.
An.Chrifij. came with his Army to raife the fiege ; the Latine Army is overthrown, and
^•^^^^-^^^^^^ huUw/n with divers Commanders taken prifoners ^ he had reigned but one
year^ when he was laid in irons, at lafl: they cut off his hands and feet, and fo
left him alive for a prey to the Birds, but he died the fecond day after. The
^' Latines to be revenged, rob and murther both by fea and land, fo that they
and the ^cj'^/jMff/deftroy one another. Henrji, BaUrems brother, fucceeds in
the Empire 5 and Boniface the Marquis having loft moft of his Townes , fhuts
, himfelf up in ihejfalonica. Miferable was the condition oi Greece at this
' ^ time, men devouring one another, as Wolves do fheep.
In theEaftjPrw/i, Nkha, Smyrna^ Epbcfit^, and divers other places, with the 10
hydiatis, fubmitted themfelves to Thcodorm hafcam^ who having got toge-
ther a Fleet of Ships, fubdued divers Iflands. David and Jkxus^hwthexs, the
Nephews oi Andronicus fometimes Tyrant, Mdobrandinns the Italian, and the
Cenuok who took Crcte^ tore away divers limbs from the Greek Empire. Henry
made peace with the Bulgarians, and married with the prince of Bulgaria's
daughter , fo returning with his Army to Eyzantiim^ he fortified the City ,
where having left a Garrifon, went to thejfalonica^ where the Marquis of
Montsferrat was , whom he made King there , and then returned to Conjian-
tinople 5 where he died the 1 1 . year of his Reign, having betrothed his daugh-
ter Jolantu to retntf Antijiedorenjis^ who in her right claimed the Empire, and 20
then he went to Rome to be crowned by the Pope. In the mean time Theodo-
1216. rus Lafcaris^ who had overthrown the Turks in a great battel, and killed the
Sultan with his own hand, made himfelf Emperour at Nicha, and feifed upon
Epirus and Dyrrachium, that he might (hut up the Emperours paflage in his
return to the City , he befieged the Tower, but to no purpofe ^ fo he promi-
fed to raife the fiege, if Jheodorus would give him the publike Faith for his
fafe departure, whicl;i he did accordingly 5 but as the Emperour waspaffing
through the Woods o£TheJfaly^ he was treacheroufly apprehended by fome
Forces in ambufh, which brought him to Theodorus^ by whom he was condem-
ned, imprifoned in a loathfome Dungeon, and two years after beheaded 5 his ^q
widow ruled the Empire in the mean (pace, till her fon Robert was returned
from France^ becaufe he could not come by Sea to the City,the Enemy having
(hut up all paffages, he makes a long journey through Panonia and Myjia.
When he had got the Empire, he admits Martimis Michael^ the Venetian
Pretor, out of his love to the people, to be his Colleague in the Empire^ but
he lived not long, for he died in yicbaia, as he was returning after his inaugu-
ration,from Rome 5 his fon Baldmn was as yet too young for Government,and
the L<i/r.?>v«/ with the Ctfw«/«x were bufie in ufing all means po(fible to reco-
ver the City; which danger the Venetians perceiving, entred into a League
with the one to deftroy the other 5 therefore they advifed the young Empe- 40
rour to marry with the daughter oi Alexius Comnenus ; but the French Peers
fearing a change of Government in a Grecian afhnity, rejefted this wholfome
advice, and by the fuggeftion of Pope Gregory^ they made a match between
the young Emperour to MtrfA^ the daughter of BrennusKingo^JerHfalem^
whofe fifter, or (as others fay) daughter ^tf/e, Frederick^ married. So long as
Bfenn.is lived, Baldwin was ftrong enough for his enemies j but after his death
the enemies increafing, and his treafures being fpent, which (hould have main-
tained the /'e»c//i^(« Fleet, he was forced to repair into //<«/;', hoping for aide
from Frederick (then before Varma) and the Pope, but both failed him , yet
when he heard of the death of TAe^jJorwr Lafcarrs^ he took courage, and re- 50
turned to Conjlanlmople, hoping to quell his enemies i but Michael PaUologfu
forced him into the City, which he befieged, and at laft by treachery took j
Baldwin efcaped narrowly in the nightjand got into Italy by Eurtpus 8c Eubela^
then in the Venetian po(re{rion. Thus was Conjiantinople loft by Baldwin
the fecond, the 60. year after it had been poflefled by haldtvin the firft.
ihcodovHs Lafcaris Emperour oiNicha, having defeated the Turkifh Sultan,
whofe
12 i8.
1226.
Chap. 1. Hiftory of the IForld, 219 "^
(whofe head he carried upon a long pole about his Anr.\\to the ten our ohhQj^fj.rhnfii,
Turks, who fointcd at the light thereof, and iiibmitted'to him ) reigned 18. V.-'-V-xJ
vcars^ and then died, leaving for his fuccellbr jfo/w;/;/(;j- Ducm his fon-in-!aw 1222.
vvhoin59. ycarsofhis Reign recovered almoft all the Empire from the La-
tines, and then dyed , whofe fon T/aW^jv/j- Z.,t/<:\t)7j fucceedcd, who died the ^ ^ 5 5^
fourth year of his Empire, being 5 6.y cars old, and left a fon, ^ohn by name, of
6. year? old, to fucceed him ■, but Michael VaUoloz'is ufurping the Empire 1259.
ihruft out the eyes of this young Emperor, vvhofe tuition he had undertaken j
and lb being now ten years of age,lofl: both his eyes and Empire at once.
10 In France^ "Philip raifed an Army againft the Albigcnfes^ who were defended
by the King of ^)vv(^<J»,and Kaimond Earl oilholonfe . In this w^r^Simon Mont-
fortiHs^ General of the Catholike Forces, gave divers defeats to the Albigcnfes
and at laii: v/as killed at the liege oiTholoufe^ which was given him by the La-
teran Councel as a reward. This war was renewed by K.Lt'zvAc the S.and deter-
mined by his Ion St. Leiv/r, who caufcd Earl Kxmtand at Vans to abjure their
opinions ^ and then he beftowed his daughter, with the Earldome oflhohufe
upon Alphonfo the brother of St. Lerv/f. The tnglij]} were beat out o^Rochel ' ^ ^ 9*
and a great part o^Gafcony^ by hepis the 8. who returning from his Jlbigcn- i 2 4 a.-
Jian Expedition, died the fourth year of his reign, whofe fon Lerok the 9. was
20 crowned at Khcmcs the fame year, the 1 2. year of his age ^ he for his good life
was canonized by Boniface the S.and called Lems the Saint : he fubdued in the
begining of his reign T-Joeobald Earl o(Cimpui»a^:xnd Hugh Earl ofAIarchiai^thea
having made peace, and being recovered of a dangerous ficknefs, he raifeth aa
Army,and under the lign of the Crofs faileth into Egjipt^ obtains a Viftory
and withall Damiata ; thence he marcheth to Cayr:^ and was in a fair poffibi-
lityto have taken it, ihtCalyph Forces being much weakned : bntbyreafon
of the unwholfome vapours of thofe Marifli places, the Peftilence grew lb
violent in the French Army, that multitudes died 5 fo that the King being de-
feated, and taken prifoner, was forcedtoyield to fuch conditions as pleafed
30 the enemy, to wit, that Damiata (hould be reflored, with the captives on both
(ides, a great fum of money (hould be paid, to wit , 8000. Marks of ?old ■
and truce rnddefor 10. years 5 fo the King and Army were difmiffed : The
Kings intention was to have recovered Jcrnfakm from the Farthiam^ who be-
ing beat oat of their own Countrey by the T^z-Z^^rj-, cntred ^^r/\«', tookjerufa-
/e/»3 and deftroyed it, abuling and polluting the Temple of the Holy Sepul-
chre. This King Was very devout and religious, caufing publike fafting and
prayers through all his Dominions, when France was vi(itcd with the PIa<yue :
he redeemed the Holy Reliques of Chrifts Paflion, among which was the
Crown of Thorns, from the Venetians, to whom Baldwin had pawned them
4c for a great fum of money, to be imploy ed againft the Creekfy which incenfed
them exceedingly againll: the Latines, (torming that thofe Reliques (hould be
jpoflefled, bought and fold by them, whereas they had been fo carefully kept
by the Grecian Princes fo many years. Levpk had alfo a religious Mother
Blanra^ who in his minority and abfence governed the Kingdome with great
prudence ; by her meanes peace was made between France and England. This
fame Lewfs took many Towns in Brittany^And caufcd the D^ do him homage j
he advanced the llniver(ity of r^tm^ after many Schollers had left it upon
fpme jarrs between them and the Citizens : he would not be perfwaded to'
forfakc the' Army, when the Plague was hot among them in Rgypt^ but ftayed
50 all the while, and v/as at laft infeded himfelf 5 the fame of his fandity caufed
a gf-eat Prince of the T(?r/<?rj-, and many of the 5^ j'/^/'/^wj- to become Chrifti-
ans^ he ftayed 5. years in theEafl, converting the Barbarians by his good
life 5 he fcnthome his two brothers C/j^/r/cj- and y^//'/j(7«^'^/, to comfort their
difconfolatc Mother.after they were fet free, being taken prifoners with him:
as he was returning homeward , his Ship was caft upon a rock by a florm,'
B b during.
230 The Second Tan of the Book.V.
Jn.chnjii. during which time he prayed kneehng , and fo the Ships got off without
L/~r"N-' hurt.
About thele times the Tartars^ under the condud of their King Horcottas^
did in great fwarmes enter Ajta and Em-ope •-, they fubdued Perjis^ and all the
Countries between that and Tanais ^ at length they over-ran PoLmd and H«»-
gary, even to Jifjiria : upon this. Pope Innocent fends fomc choife Francifcans
and Dominicans, to try if they could bring thefe Barbarians to the know-
ledge of Ciirift, which they did accordingly, (o that their new King Mago, or
Meto^ was baptized : Halon, King Meto's brother, having defeated the Turks,
recovers i?>r/,?5 and was in poffibility to have fetled the Chriftians again in 10
Jentfalcm, had not their own difcords hindred, and his departure thence 5
for at that time his brother Meto died, and he v^as called away to inherit the
Kingdome.
\n Denmark^ to IValdemar the^.fucceededErif^r, whofe brother ^^e/ was
made Duke o^Jutia j this Ericus , as he was preparing to chaftife Lubcck^ and
tiof/tbtirg^ who had entred into confederacie againft him , was treacheroufly
murthered by his brother ^ie/, who having reigned two years, was in Gods
juft judgement flain by the Frifones in a tumult, as he was railing an Army
againft them,for refofing to fubmit to his unjuft exadions. To him ilicceedcd
Chr/Jiopher^thethivdbroxheY!, againft him his fubjefts rebelled, and threw 20
down his Caftles and Houfes '■, he imprifoned his Archbilhop, for which his
Kingdome was under the Popes curfe nine years.
Tolmd at this time was afflidted with Civil Warrs : for Conradtts and Henry
the two Tutors of young Bolejlaur the King, ftrove for the Principality, divers
battels were fought, till at length C<?»r<t^«/ the Kings Uncle prevailed 5 but
the Queen and her fon were more inclined to Heniy 5 wherefore Conradus
feifethon the King, andfliutshim up in a Monaftery, where he made an
efcape, having intoxicated his Keepers with wine, and fo betakes himfelf to
Ht'«rj,who with much trouble fetled him again in his Kingdome, both the
I 3 4. o. Tutors fubmitting. In the interim, the Tartars break in upon Poland^deiiri.^y- 30
ing all with fire and fword ; fo that the King with his wife fled into Hungary
to his Father-in-law 5 but he alfobythe fame ftormwas driven out of his
Countrey :, which fell likewife upon Sjle/ia and Moravia. BolcJlaH! was glad to
hide himfelf in a Caftle ; in the mean while, the fon oi Henry the Kings Tu-
tor, upon the death of his Father, who was flain in the war, takes pofleffion
oi Poland, whom Conradiis^ Bolcjiaus his Uncle, drove out •, but he did not en-
joy the kingdome long, for he grew odious to the people, for laying heavy
taxes on them, that a way was made for Bokjlans to return, who upon the
death o£ Conradus ^ which fell out fhortly after, poflefled the Kingdome
quietly. 40
1247. ^^ England^ 'John Tlantagenet^ youngeft fon of King Henry the 2. fucceeded
to Richard^2\he\x. Arthur Flantagcnet his Nephew, and fon to Geoffrey his elder
brother was then living, whom rhilip the fecond King of France animated
and affifted with men and money agabft King jf^^w, fothat in a (hort time
Jr/^7/r levied a puifant Army, and invaded N(>WM«(^, where he took divers
ftrong places 5 at length King John came over with a ftrong Army,and fought
divers battels with his Nephew 5 after which they came to an agreement,and
a place was concluded, butftiortly after interrupted by the French King, who
with a more numerous Army enters Normandy^ and depopulates it: king John
for want of money and courage gave way to the French Viftories, till the ^^
people cryed out on him, and furnifhed him with a large tax, every lufty man
proifering his fervice •-, upon this an Army is raifed and tranfported into Nor-
mandy, where cruel battels were fought, and the French defeated ^ Arthur the
kings Nephew, and rightful heir, was taken prifoner, and fent to the Caftle
oiRoan 5 where upon hope to efcape , he leaped from the Walls, and was
drowned
Hiftory of the Jf^orld. zy[
drowned in the Ditch. The next year following the French king pretending ^tt.chrHii
title to that Dutchy, invaded it vyith fuch a power and fury, that the whole «<.^^~V-n^
Countrey,to avoid defolation,(libjefted it ftlf to him. Shortly after this, Pope
jK»(?a'«/ the third quarrelled with king j/<?/>«, about the eleftion of the Arch-
bilhop of C^Hfo'^ar)/ 5 for upon the death of HW;er^, St. Jujiins Monks there
without the kings confent elefted Raynold a brother of their own of whom
they took an Oath to repair to Rome for his invefture and pall : the Kinp- be-
ing difplcafed at this, they eled J(AiH Gray Birtiop of Norrcich^ in whofe behalf
the King fent to the Pope, intreating him to ratifie this laft choyce; but the
10 Popellighted the Kings Letters, and confirmed the firft election ^ yet under-
llanding that divers of the Monks difliked the firft eleftion, becaufe it was
• done in the night, advifed the Monks to eleft.?ew«Lr?;igf<>« the Cardinal of
C/>ry/tf_g<7w?,whichwas doneaccordinglv,albeit the K.prohibited the choice, who
ftorming that he was thus flighted, writes to the Pope, that he would not from
thenceforth fufFer him or his Kingdom to be thus cnflaved to Rome: The Pope
anfwers, that the eleftion (houldftand, requiring the King to give him quiet
pofleffion,and to recall the banifhed Monks, and authorifed 4.Bifhops to inter-
did the King and Kingdom, if he did not obey ^ the King upon this feifed on
thefeBiftiops lands and goods, promifing to do the like to all that ftiould have
20 any recourfe to jRo/«f:,wherefore the Pope fends his fwoLe^z.ts^PandHlphus and
D«r,7«/,wi(hing the King to fubmit himfelf to the Pope,and to be reconciled to
the four Eilhops, and the Monks of St. Jujiin, which he was willing to do
Conditionally that he might not allow the Cardinals eleftion^ upon this the
Legats pronounce the Popes Curfe againft the king, abfolving his Subjefts
from their allegiance, and withall gaye his Crown to Phrlip the French king : ^*
this fulmination the King flighted 5 and to Confront the Pope, he enters Scot^
land-w'ith a great Army, becaufe King AlexanJerihG fecond had fided with
the Pope, and entertained divers of his rebellious Clergy^ theScottifh King
to avoid further trouble, reconciled himfelf to King joh». King Philip of
30 France having now fome pretence to war upon England ^ provides a great
Army, but 300. of his Ships laden with Viftuals were furprifed by King
John^ fo his hopes failed him : but the Pope purfued the King fo eagerly with
his Thunder-bolts, that he was fain at laft on his knees, before Pandttlphuf, to
confefshisdifobediencetothepope^ and craving pardon, by a publike In-
ftrument under his hand and feale refigtied his Crown to the Pope,which Pan-
dttlphus kept four dayes for the Popes ufe, and then gave the Crown to King
John and his heirs, referving a tenure thereof to the Church o^Rome^ with an
annual Tribute of loco. Marks, 7060. for England^ and 3000. for Ireland.
Many of the Nobility upon this revolt from the King, and flie over to France
40 to affift rhtlip againft him, who was making preparations for his fon Lejv/f to
invade England-^ which he did , and was like to have carried it, had not the
Pope required Philip and his fon Leivif to'defift from all hoftility againft that
Crown which was holden of the See of Rome : this jnjunftion the French
King refufed to obey 5 v^herefore the Pope fends Guallo the Cardinal of Saint
il'/^irf7«r hither, who accurfed r/i///;?, Letp;^, and theEnglifti that fided with
them: Hereupon the common Souldicrsforfook their Leaders, and went
home, and divers of the Countrey people fell to robbing and plundring the
houfesof the Nobility and Gentry that were accurfed 5 which caufed them
beingdeftituteofmeans,andforfakenoftheirfriends,to fubmit to King jf<>)&)tr}
50 who pardoned them, and reftored them to their Honours and Lands 5 and fo
after this followed peace. The Pope ftiortly after, in theCourtcel o£ Lateran
publillied, that the tenure o£ England wns to be of the Church of Rome. At the
fame time Otho theEmperour, Peter KmgofJrragon^ and Raymund Earl of
7/)(;/(?///f, with fome other princes, were excommunicated for herefie, aswas
pretended, but indeed to fubjeft their temporalties to the pope; andthere'^'
fore it was decreed, that no man fhould be made EmperOur^ until! he had'
Bb 2 fworn.
X 3 2, T^he Second Van of the Bo o k. V.
An.chr/jii. fworn his homage to the rope. But the Clergy was never heartily reconci-
A-y^-W^ led to Yi'm^john^ againft whom they ftiUbore a private grudge f therefore
inthe Abbey of5n7/w//ci^neerL/«r<>/// hewas poyloned by a Monk of Saint
.Jjernards OxAex^ who to make fure work, drank firft to the King, and poy-
foned himfelf for company^fome think he died of a furfeit of peaches and new
,Alc. Ringjff^/jw reigned 17. years, and was buried at IP'mrheJier. In the 7.
year of his reign he went into /rt'/^«<j/, and reduced that revolted people to his
obedience. In the 9. year he renews the Londoners Charter for the annual
1209. elefting of a Maior and two Sheriffs. The next year London-Bridge was built.
He had two fons, Hmry^ who fucceeded him, and Richard Earl of Cornwal and 10
K'mgohhc Romans. His three daughters were,jftf»« the eldefr, married to A~
/tx^w^frthefecondgKingof^T^?//:, Ehanor^wit'e to Simon Earl o£ Leicejier^ .
and Jfiihflthe youngeO, who was married to the Emperour.
I 2 I 6. Henry, King Johns fon, was crowned at the age of 9. years, whofe Proteftor
was the Enrl oi Cloucejier. In this Kings minority, the French invade this
Kingdomejwith whom the Welch take part, but the Protedor ftoutly op-
pofed them : The Pope in the mean time thunders out his curfes and Ex-
communications againft the French, and their adherents : At this, Prince
Lcn'Af defifted from Armes, but his father P^////) (hipped new Forces to aide
his Son. Hugh de Burgh Mafter of the Cinque-Ports rigs out a Fleet, and beats 20
the French 5 wherefore Prince Lewis makes peace with the Englifb, and for a
fum of money received, he furrenders all the Forts and Towns he had taken ,
and returns to fr^wrc. Upon his departure, a Parliament is called, in which
King Edveards Laws were eftabli(hed,and the grand Charter, or Magna Charta^
the Wardfliips and Marriages of Wards granted of old to King Edgar and Ed-
Tcard the Confeflbr, were revived, and a voluntary Tax given to the King for
railing of Forces to be conduded by il/r/wri^ Earl of C^^v/n^i?/, the Kings bro-
ther, for recovering of r^j'/ccr/ and GWro/^^« again from the French^ which
Provinces were fhoitly after recovered by the fame Richard^ but invaded
again, and taken by the French, and re-taken afterward by the faid Richard 50
the fecond time -^ at laft a peace is made between the two Kings. After this
the Barons of f «^A?«<^ were difcontent with King He7iry, for applying himfelf
jnecrlytoftranger>, andnegleftingthem^ which error the King perceiving,
he reconciled himfelf to his Nobles, and refumed the Earldom of Chejler into
' his own hands, John Scot the Earl thereof being dead without iffue male ^ the
four daughters of this E^rl were, by way of exchange, enriched with other
Territories and Honours. Prince ndrvard, the Kings fon, is married to Elianor
the King of Stains fifter, on whom he beftowed Giuan, Ireland^ chejier and
tJales-^ thefe two laft dignities he annexed to the eldeft fons of the Englifh
Kings. Not long after a SchoUer in Oxford intended to murther the King, 40
but milled him, for that night he lodged not in hi'= ufual bed-chamber , fo the
Traitor was apprehended and put to death. In the 24. year of Henry's reign,
Lcvpk the 9. invadeth Guian, againft whom King Henry carried over an Army 5
divers skirmiihes there were, with diverfe fuccefs : After King Henries return
into England^ the French King married his brother to the daughter of the
Earl ofT/j(7/'///f, to whom he gave r<y/7erj and the Englifli Territories in Al-
bernc--, he invades ajfo the Earldomcof^/^rrA; king M-wry upon this tran-
fportcth an Army unto j5«>Wei2«x'5 and neertothat place fought the French,
but loft the Field 5 whereupon the Earl oi March fubmitted himfclf to the
French king, f/ewry upon his return, married his ^\{\.txxo Alexander ]^\x\g of 5c
Scots. The ropes exadions were fo great upon this Land, and his demands
fo unrcafonable, in fending his Mandate to have 300. Romans preferred to
the Benefices which Ihould be firft vacant in England., that the Clergy gene-
rally murmured, theArchbifhopof Crf«/er/>«r)', £t////;/W, in difcontent givds
overall, and retires tothe Abbey of r<??///»/<?c vnErance-^ and the king was
fain to compl;iin in the Lateran Councel againft the rope, who had no other
faris-
Chap.z. Biflory of the JVorld, Z32
latisfadlion from hitn but this, Let us firji hH the great Dt\<igfl»^ (rhat.is, FrerJe- An.Chnjir,
rickx\\cEmye\o\\\^itndlhcti w.- jha.ll qHickl) tread donn thcfefettyjnjkjs that W''V~\-*
is, the infeiiour Kings and Princes.
In Sci>tland^ to king UilljaM fucceeded his fon Alexander 1 6. years t)ld 5 he
being invited into Enjilattd hv the oppreikd Clergy under king john^ falls up-»
on the Royalifts and their Landa with fire and fword, Kingj'^/^win requital
enters Scot land, wafting all before him in Loth/an. Ahxandcr wasdtterred
by the Popes curfe, from rffifting Prince Lcw^' of France againft Ring iohn
who had now religned hi? Kingdome to the Seeofiiw/c-; therefore he re-
10 turns to Scotland^ but with great difficulty, king )ohn having caufed the Brid-
ges over TreW/ to be broken down-, but his death (by poyfon, ) did facili-
tate Alexanders returnjWho being abfolved by the Popes Legat from his curfe
makes peace with Ring Henry of England^ whom the Pope had now eftabli-
fhcdinhis Ringdome. The .9c^^/ reftore C^r/;/d which they had taken in the
former war, and the f»^e///7jfurrender5cnp/r^. The Legat by his excommu-
nication raifeth a great fum of money from the 5rtf^7/Z; Clergy, who joyning
with the Clergy o{ England^ fend Meflcngers to Rome with complaints againft
the Legates fordid and unjuft carriage, on whom the Pope fet a great fine. "
y?\gidi/fs the Cardinal after him was fent to raife more nioney in both Ring-
20 domes, which when he had lavifhly fpent, returns empty to Kome, f)retending ^'^'^'^^
he was robbed by the way : After him, another Legat comes, but he was
commanded todepart,witI out giving him any thing. After this, a great Re-
bellion was in ii'?^;/*- under one G/Z'tj^/r, who had taken Innernefs^ and done
great hurt thereabout : Cuni/n the Earl o^Biichan is fent againft him,whom he
defeatedandtook, with his two fon;, their heads he cut off, and fent them to
the king. Thepcopleof C<T//j«ej/ burned the Eiftiop, with fome others, in his
houfe, having before complained of his exaftions : the chief aftors were cru-
elly put to death ^ and the Earl ofCaihneJs being fufpedied to have had a hand
in this murther, though abient, was brought to the king, who upon his fab-
qo miffion was pardoned. After this, another Rebellion of icoco. difconte%ted
perfonsjunder i homas the Eaftard-fon of Alan Earl o£Cal/ojva); was fupprelled,
with the lofs of 50co.Rebels, and their Captain. After this, he loft his Queenj
who returning with the £«^^///)!) Queen from vifiting the Reliques of C^w/er-
/>«rj, fell fick and died, being childkfs ; he married again, and had bv this
wife, ^/exrfwicrtbe third, who fucceeded him. Two years after this, whilft;
the king was at Haddington^ the Earl oi Athol was burned, with fbme others in
hishoufc. r^^r/fi^,the chief of the i?/<jr.<-^ was fnfpefted; hetoclear himfelf
offered a Duel with any of his accufers, which being denied him, he fled with
divers of his Family, into Ireland. Another tumult was fupprcfled in Jtrgude ;
40 and not long after this the king died, the 51. year of his life, and of bis reign
the 3^.
\x\ Rom e to Clemen ! the i\\\x6. fucceeded Celejiine the. third, tvho fate four
years : his fucccflor was ;w»<7rt'w^ the third, whio was Pope 18. years; In his
time the Greek church, by meansof iW^^ir/wEmperotirof the Eaft, was re-
conciled to the Latine, and v/»/7«/<^ the firft of the Latine Church, was made
Patriarch of Conjiant/nopk-agzhd whom the Greeks chofe Michael the fourth
who fate without the City. The Venetians take Crete or Candy from the
Greeks, but permit them to retain their Greek Ceremrnies. This Ifland was
the caufe of 70. years war bet ween the Fe»efw»j- and Genuois^ which by Gre-
p gory the 10. was at laft compofed, fo thai, the Ifland remained in the power of
the Venetian!. Feter the fecond, king ofArragon^'^TLS crowned by this Innocent
at Rome, who authorifed the Arch-bifhop oflarracon to crown his Sivcceflbrs
at C^farangiipa. His Succeflbur 'James took from the Moors the kingdome of
lalentia, and Mnrtia , with the Baleares. Alexius Comnenur^ father-in-law to
*lheoderi0 L^rfr^w, erededanewEmpireat Traperunt.num, containing C^;?;?//-
idoeia and Colchis. St. Clara, di Difciple of St. Francis, fets up a new Order of
Nuns.
1
134 The Second ^^ an of the Book.V.
^«.C/jr////. Nuns. ToCckjline fucceeded Gre^tfr; the 9. who fate 14. years: He Canoni-
zed St. Dotmnick^ and St. Francis , and forbad the Civil Law to be read at
Titns : He digefted the 5. Books of Decretals into that method they now have ,
he forbad L ay-men to preach. Power is given tothe Archbifhop oiMcnfLXo
confecrate the kings of Bohemia^ which continued long, till one of them fold
that priviledge to the Church of Prague. To Gregory fucceeded Celejime the 4.
who fate but i S.dayes 5 then followed the vacancy of one year nine moncths,
in which time S.Fer^/«A«<^drives the Moors almoft quite out of Spam 5 having
obtained both the kingdome of Cajiilc and Legiorr^ with Corduba and Hij^aL s,
heertdcsthellmverCny of SalmatJca. Innocent the 4. ischofen Pope^ he fate 10
1 1 . years. About this time the Bible was diftinguiftied into Chapters, as now
we have them, the diftindion before was uncertain. Robert Sorbona, a Divinq,
founded and enriched the Colledge ofSorbon at Varjs. To Innocent fucceeded
j4/^x4«ier the 4. who fate 6. years, he reconciled again the Greeks and La-
tines in the Councel oi Lions.
ghap. in.
I. Fredericks jptf^mfy. 2. The Affairs of the Wefiern Empire ««</^r Rodul- 20
•phus, and others. 5. O/France, England, Scotland, rf»f/tf//.)er/'/4fe/. 4. Oftht
Topes ofthefe times, and other memorable things.
\Rcdcrickthe. fecond, before his death, had made his Son Conradu* king of
of the Romans and ofSialy 5 to his Son Henry ^whom he had by his Englijh
Lady, he bequeathed the kingdome ofjerujalem, and to Manfred the go-
vernment of Italy. Conr/iflm fell furioufly upon thofe Towns, which after his
Fathers death revolted to Pope Innoce?tt : He overthrew l^aples after eight
I 2 5 I. moneths fiege, driving from thence all the Nobility h he plundred Capua and
un\jjalled it, and burned Aqumum. But Manfred aiming at the Empire of ^o
J^<i/> and ^/a/j/jpoyfoned CtfwrWwi, four years after his Fathers death j, a juft
reward for him, who had caufed his younger brother Henry^ and his fon Fre"
derick^ to be murthered : Manfred alfo commanded Conradinm^ the fon of
Conradus^ to be poyfoned, having undertaken his tuition ^ and then fals upon
the Towns of Apulia, and of the kingdome of Naples, which he took from the
Pope, and fo made himfelf King, giving out that C^w^^mz/y was dead, but
was not : After this he feifeth upon Sicily, and to make himfelfe the ftronger
againfi: the Popes power, he makes a match between Fete)' the fon ofjoff/es K.
of Arraii^on, and his daughter Co;{/?<t«?>(/. Upon this, Vrban the ^. Alexanders
fuccefl'or. curfeth Manfred, and armeth Charls of Anjou, brother to Lewff the 40
French king, who encountring with Manfred, defeats and kills him, andfo
obtains both kingdomes, paying to the Pope fourty thoufand Crownes
yearly.
Conradinns being now of years, and having raifed an Army of Germans,
with whom divers Italian Townes joyned ; Conradus alfo, his brother, Prince
of Antioch, helped him to recover Sialy ^ the Saraz,ens likewife afiifted him 5
all Sjcily yielded, except Tanormm, Mejfina, and Syracuja. Conradmm after
this, fighting with Charles, is defeated and taken, and fo was FrederickDukc
1268. of Aujiria, both whom upon the Popes perfwafion he caufed to be beheaded ;
as for Conradus Prince of Antioch, he firft pulls out his eyes, and then caufed 50
himtobeh.inged. Thus the French obtained ^/a/; ^ whofe tyranny, pride,
and luxury was fuch, that John Duke of Proclyta, whofe wife the French had
abufed, and himfelf by them was plundred,having advifed with Pope Nicolas,
(Charles his enemy) as alfo with John PaUotogUf Emperour of Conjtantinoplc,^
(who had lately taken By^antiufftfrovn the French) and with Fc^erking of
Arragon, Manfreds fon-in-law , they all agree to cut off the French, and to
con-
Chap. 3- Htjiory of the JVorld. 13*^
cor fer Sicily on the Arragonians 5 a Fleet for this purpofe is prepared by both yin.Chr/Jii
kings, and the bufinefs kept clofe for two years together, till the very hour •-*^^*''>-
that all the French throughout the whole Illand were deftroyed, as it were, in
a moment, except a few who were in the Ihong Caftle of spirlmga :, it is
thought, that in the fpace of two hours, above 8coo. were flain by the Sicili-
j;z/, who fpared not women great with child, but ript up their bellies, and 1285.
da{l]t the infants againft the ftones, that none of the French blood might there
remain; (this was done on Eafter day at evening Service, Mxrch 30. Hence
the ^xo\Q\h^Vef^er£ SicuU.') The (laughter being finifhed, Peter oi Arragon.,
10 who flayed at Hi^^o in yf/r/cy^with his Fleet, waiting for the event of the Si-
cilian confpiracy, was fent for, and by the Nobility hath the Ifland furrendred
to him. Thus Charles loft Sicily quite, who though he raifed a war againft the
Arragonians^ yetthey kept the Ifland till his Race was wholly extinguiftred,
and then they obtained alfo thekingdome o^Naples^ being invited thither by
^(7u« the widow : And thence alfo the French were quite excluded. Ahex-
\\2ixdi Ferdinand king of Atragon dying without iffueMale, left thefe king-
domes to Charles the 5. his Grandchild by his Daughter.
Williatn the Emperour being flain, ashe was preparing an Army againft the i 2 5 7^
Trijlanders^ Germany was divided into Factions about a new Emperour, fome
20 were for Richard Earl of C<?r«xr^/, k. John oiEnglands fon, others for Alfhonfm
king oiCaJlile^ both had made parties by giving large bribes,and both are no-
minated:, Richard^hyx^^^\^o^so^Adent%yColen^ zn<^ th^ Palatine \ but he
being too eager and violent againft thofe that were for Alphonfuf^and having
run himfelf out of all his monies by his too much bounty, is forfaken of his
own party, and fo forced to return to England. Alphonfus being fent for into
Germany by his own party, to wit, by the Biftiop oiTrevers^ the Duke of
Saxony^ Marquefs of Brandenburg, and king o{ Bohemia i, but delighting more
in Mathematicks then in Dominions, and being fearful to ineddle with the
diftradted eftate of Germany, ftaid fo long in France, that he loft both the Em-
go pire and his own kingdome, which his fon Sanciu feifed on ; therefore he re-
turns difcontented to ^/w/, where with grief he died, having advanced the
knowledge of Phyfick and Aftronomy, to his great charges, and the benefit
ofpofterity^ for he fpent above 40000. Crowns in compiling of his Tables,
and interpreting of Arabick, and other books into Latine.
Ger»z^«y being expofed to every great mans violence, for want of a Head,
and both Fredericks faftion and the Popes were fo ftrong there, that no man
durft venture to meddle with the Imperial Government : Pope Gre^tfr/ is at
laft moved with the afBidions and complaints of that Countrey , fo that he
gives order to the Eledors to choofe themakingof the2lc«?ii«/, otherwife
40 he would provide one for them : When they met at Franckfort, they unani-
moully pitched upon Rodulphtts oiHabfptirg, who was then befieging oiBaJtl 3
upon the news of his Eledion, which at firft he did hardly believe, he makes
f eace with the Bajilians, repairs to Aix, where he is crowned with his wife
Anna. As foon as he was fetled, he applyes himfelf to compofe the differen-
ces of Cer/-«4«;'^ complaint was made againft 0?/i>c<2r king of W;e-e?/irf, for in-
vading and feifing upon Anjiria. The Hungarians had invaded the lower,an(i
the Bavarians up^er Auflria'^ their oppreflions were fuch, that the people
tefolved to invite thither, either Henry Marquefs of Myfnia, the husband of
Conjiarra, who was fifter to Frederick^ the laft, or elfe one of his two fons.
50 rrc«ce/74«x king of S^Aew//^ perceiving this, married his fon Oitocarto Marga-
ret the "W'ldov/, who had boirn two fons to Henry, Fre^s/er/c^. the Emperours
fqn : Upon this Match, Ottocar pretending a Title, invades Aujiria, which he
did not long enjoy, for Rodolphus the Emperour overthrew him, brought . ^o^
him on his knees, and took Aujiria from him, which he beftowed on his fon
Albertus, who(e pofterity hath poflefled it till this time. But not long after,
Ottocar fcorning that he (hould be thus ufed by Rodolphuf,yfho had heretofore
been
1^6 The Second Tan of the Book.V.
An.chrifij. been his fcrvant, being alfo inftigated by his wife Csinigaftda^ (for he had un-
■v_<?-^N/=N>vj juftiy repudiated Margaret) fecretly raifeth locco meoj, and with monies tries
to corrupt the Peers to forfake dejar ^ but the bufinefs could not be fo clofely
carried as he fuppofcd 5 iox Rodolphns With, din hnwy oi Germans and Hunga-
rians beat ottocar^ whom a cominon Souldier killed after he v/as taken, be-
caufe he had killed a brother of this Souldiers. In this Battel the Emperor was
beaten down from his horfe, yet recovered, and 14000. werellain 5 prefently
after this Moravia is fubdued. A new League is made between C^far and the
Queen o^ Bohemia^ that C£fars daughter (hould marry with IVenceJlans the fon
o'^Ottocar^ and fo he fhould hold Bohemia, in fee of the Emperour. iq
After this, Kiil^h forceth the Bernens ^Helvetians ^ and Burgimdians to fubmit
to him, and having in fourteen fevcral Battels got the better ftill, he is
honoured with the Title ofVlCTORlous^ In Jhiringia and the neigh-
bouring places he pulled down 66. Caftlesof the Rebels^ He reigned 18.
years, in all that time he never faw Italy ^ affirming that the former Emperours
went thither rejoycing, but returned forrowing: Wq hQdowQA Romandiola
upon the Pope , He fold to the Bononians^ Florentines^ Gemiois^ and Liicans
their liberty for gold 5 He deftroyed all the High-way Robbers in Germany^
29. he put to death at onetime^ There was one who refembled fomewhat
Frt'^cT/fy^ Duke of ^wewrf, who was beheaded with Conradwns-, this fellow 20
began to draw people into Rebellion, fo that the Emperour being afraid, left
off the fiege oi Columbaria, and made (hew as if he would fubmit to this new
C<cfar, whofe knavery when he found out, he caufed him to be burnt alive.
But the Pope fearing his greatnefs, renewes the Decree for recovering the
Holy-Land, which was almoft gone, for in three years after it was all fwal-
lowedupby the£gj'p/7<iw/. He alfo fet out an Ed id for the defence of Itdy^
the Sea-coaft of which, fpr want of Garrifons, was expofed to Piracies. Ano-
ther order he publilheth for expelling the French and Spaniards out of Sicily
and Isiafks , and if the Emperour made not hafte to reform thefe diforders, he
threatens to invade Hctruna and the Exarchal or Romandiola in Ticeniwt^ Fla- ^^
/j/ima^^ndJEmil/a^ he allowed alfo for the holy Knights, the fourth part of
the yearly Revenues 5 but Ralph not being willing to quarrel with the Pope,
parted with the Exarchal^ as we faid.
Ralph the Emperour being aged and fickly, calls a Diet of the Princes,
wherein he moved that-his fon yi//>er/ might be his Succeflor 5 but not pre-
vailing, and finding himfelf ill-difpofed, removes from Franl^fort towards
1201. ^f ""'^'5 ^^y '"?3 ^^^ ^^ ?fi ^'^ ^^•'^ "^^'^^ Emperours^ and fo died by the way, the 1 9.
* year of his Reign, and was buried at Spire^ neer Vhilip of Sttevia. He had by
his wife Anna^ Albert Duke o^Attfiria^ Ralph Duke o^ Sttevia^ with divers other
fons and daughters : In his time Ptolemais was onely left to the Chriftians, a- 4.0
bout which, whilft the Patriarch of jfcr«/^/t:»/, the kmgs of Cyprus and Sicily^
the Hofpitallers, Templars, and Teutonick Knights llrived for fuperiority.
Sultan fUelccb Sap herates (that \s to fay, the illuftrious King) beficged it two
inoneths, the Chriftians within not being able to hold out longer, got away
privately by Sea^and fo the Town was utterly deftroyed, 196. years after the
Conqueft: by Godfrey o^BuUoign 5 fo that in Ajia, onely Cilicia^ now called ^r-
wt'WM w/»i?r, retained the Chriftian Profeffion. Amain caufe of our loffes in
r/;<f;;/rw, and the Lc^uw/'j was the quarrel between the Venetians and Gcnxok,
upon fulpition that rhilip of Montferrat Governonr o£ Acre or Ptolemaif was
ir.ore favourable to the Venetians then the Genttoit : There was alfo in the e^
Town a Church of Saint ^.r/*^, for which they ftrove; the Pope underftand-
ing this difference, decreed that the Church fliould be common to them both '-,
whereupon the Gcnuois got into it fivfl, filled it with Souldiers, and turned it
1259. into a Garrifon : The Venetians hearing of this, in a rage parted from Tyre
with three Gallies, enter forcibly the Port oiAcre^ break down the Chain,
and burns 23. Ships with two Gallies of the Gennois , afterward they over-
throw
Chap. 3. Htfiory of the TTorld. 237
throw the Church, nffirming that the Gemiois had profaned it : Of thefe fmall Jn.Chrijii.
beginningSj fprung that war, which held fo long, in which many cruel Battels W^V>-»
were fought 5 the Venetians zx firft being fuperiors, by the affiftance of the
Tifans^ and of their own Forces.
In France S. Lervis reforms the Laws and the Judges •■, ordaines that all bla(^
phemers and profane fwearers by Gods Name,{hould be burnt in the forehead
with a hot iron, wiftiing he might be fo burnt himfelf, conditionally he might
purge his kingdome of that hainous fin : He built and finifhed divers Reli-
gious Houfes, as that of the "jacobins at Taris^ of the Cordaliers^ of the Carthu-
10 Jfans^ and others : he married his fon rhilfp to the hifanta FUzabeth^ daughter
to James king oi Arragan ^ he reconciled the difference that M'as between the
children ofMirgarct Countefs o^Flanders. Having fetlcd his kingdome and
boufe, he goeth on Ship-board at Marjtles^w'nh his three fons, Philip, John and 1270.
retei\ and fets (aile for Carthage^ where he takes divers Ships in the Port , and
finks the reft, and then laid fiege to the City , a fvirious battel was fought be-
tween the frc^rld and j^/cx^r/, which continued doubtful a great while, at laft
a party of the French Army getting between the City and the Moors^ feifed
' ontheCaftle,andtookit !, the 7l^<7tfri- having loft their Fort, and being aflaul-
ted on both lides, fubmitted, and were received to mercy by Lervis, and fo the
20 Town was furrendred. After this, the French Army marcheth towards lunis,
the Royal City at that time, with an intent to take it : The king of Tunis en-
counters them with his Army in the way 5 a Battel is fought, in which looco.
yj/i)(??v are killed, and the wbole Army defeated, andfohe marcheth to the
City, which he befieged 6. moneths fo clofe, that no provifion could come
thither 5 the Citizens begin to think of a furrender, and were beginning to
Article, when the Plague feifeth upon the French Camp, fo that many died
every day, among the reft. Prince John, who from this fad unfortunate acci-
dent was namxd Triji.t»,\\e was born whilft his Father was a prifoner in Egypti,
and Saint Lcivis himfelf, to the great grief of his Army, and of all good men^
go died in the Camp of a Flux, the 2 5. o^Augujl ; after whofe death the king of
Sicily arrived before Tunis with a great Army, to the comfort of the French,
much dejedted for the lofs of their good king. Henry alfo Earl of Cornwal
fhortly- after arrived with a great Fleet, hoping to finde Saint Lewis alive,that
they two might joyn their Forces with Prince Edward oi England^ for reco-
vering of Syria. Tunis being now befieged by Italians, French, and Englijh
both by Sea and Land, the y^/tf<?rj- within, whoufed to make daily fallies be-
fore, do now begin to faint and yield , the Chriftians being weaty and fickly,
yielded to a peace, that the Barbarous king fhould permit the Gofpel to be
freely taught through all his Dominions, and that he fhould pay yearly to
40 the king of -S/f 7// 40C00. Ducats, which wasthefum due from -S/d/y to the
Pope : After this,the Chriftians refolve to go for Sicily, there to refrefti thcm-
felves with the change of aire,but they were furprifed by the way with fuch a
ftorm, that all their Ships were fcattered fundry wayes, and many of them
funk and torn •-, befides , the Plague was fo hot amongft them, that they re-
folved every man to his own home, and to give ofFtheir voyage intended for
the Holy-Land,
To Saint Lewi/'fucceeded his fon Fhilip the third, firnamed the Bold t the 1271,
next year after his return from Africk^ he was crowned at Rhemes ; he made
Guy Earl oiFlmders in place of his brother, who died in Sicily. The Queen-
50 Mother following thefteps of her Husband Saint Lewis, gave her felf wholly
to devotion, and founded in the Suburbs oi Paris a Covent of the Order of St.
Francis. The King made himfelf Lord of TAtf/t7«/e, the Heirs thereof being
dead. His eldeft fon Lewis was poifoned by his Chamberlain Peter de la Br'oche,
who accufed the Queen, PA/Z/pj fecond wife, ofthemurther, as if (he had
done it, that her children might fucceed to the Crown : The King fends to an
old Wizard in £r<ii'^^j famous foe divination, who exeufed the Queen, and
C c laid
2,}8 The Second Tan of the Boo k. V.
AH.Chrifii. lijid the blame on La Broche, whom upon this he caufed to be hanged. He re-
«-*''vr>-' duced the G.tfcoigns : He raifedagreat Army againft ^^rr^^t^w, whofe King
1284. j^^f^j, j^ad feifed upon Stcily, and v\ as excommunicate by the Pope, and his
■ kingdome befrowed on rhilif Valois^ king rhilipi fon. At the fiege of Certmda,
which rhilip took, Peter was killed^ but Roger Adimm\ o( the Arragoftiatt
Fleet falls unexpeftedly on the French, as they were removing thencc,becau{e
^ of the Plague, and fets both the Town and Fleet on fire, and fo they make
their way through the ryren£a7t Straits with their fwords. rhiiljp at this news
p fell fick and died at Verfirtiantwtftx Parpjgnan^and was buried at S.Denk. This
' ^ 5* year was famous for the death of three Kings, namely, of Charles King of Si- 10
eilj, Peter King oi Arragon^ and Vbilip King of France. He reigned above 1 5.
years^ he left two Tons behind him by his firft wile ifabel the daughter of Ar-
ragon^to wxx^hilip the Fair^his Succcliburjand Charles laloisi^o^his fecond wife
Murji the Brjhantine , he left Leiv/s alive.
r/j////) tiie Fair had almoft continual wars with England zx\d Flanders^ that
were Confederates : by his brother C harks Valois,he defeated the Forces of £<^-
vpard the Second, and recovered GaJ coign. Ctiy E^rl of Flanders^ who took
12 9 3' part with Edward^ was overthrown with him at 'iurn^ by the fame Valois^ and
caried prifoner to P.tris with liis two fons.After this the Flemings rebel againft
129$, the K. and defeat his Army at Cotirtray i, but two years after, they fought again 20
at Andoviaropolis^ and were beaten by the King : Then there was a peace con-
1504. eluded between them. . This VhAip for refuling to undertake the Holy War,
was accurfed by Font 1 ace the 8. but his Succeflour Pope BenediB abfolved him.
ClMiens the 5. who tranllated his feat to Jvimon^where it continued jo.ycars,
confpired with this P/j////) againft the Templars, whom they deftroycd, and
1207. beftowed their wealth on the Hofpitallers, except what they put up in their
I 3 1 4.. Exchequers. He fixed the Parliament, which before was ambulatoryjatp^w^
and built the great Hall of his Palace, with other convenient rooms for that
purpofe •■) and at the requeft of the Normans, he granted them a Parliament at
Rotten their capital City, which fits twice yearly, in the Spring and Autumn, 20
for fix weeks at a time. About this time Queen Jane founded the Colledge of
Navarre. King P/i///^, after he had been royally entertained in F/^Wer/, with
all the coft and magnificence that could be devifed , left: fuch Governours be-
hind him, who did fo tax and opprefs the people, that they refolve to (hake
ofifthe French yoak '-, to that purpofe a cruel maflacre was committed on them
at Bruges in their beds at night •■> and all the Gentry of Flanders, with the peo-
ple, arm thcmfclvcs againft the king, who was raifing an Army of 24000. to
mine Flanders^ and was on his march as far as Dotvajr ^ but being difTwaded by
his fifter.king Fdirards wife,upon his inftigation, who was loath that Flanders
fliould be fwallowcd up by the French, Philip returns back with a part of his 40
Army,leaving the reft to Garrifon the frontier Towns : but he could not be at
quiet with himfelf, till he had revenged this muither of his Subjefts upon the
F/c///7;7^'j:,therfore under the comand of theE.of y^r^m he fends a great Army
againft them who furioufly and fooliftily fet upon their Ti-enches, where the
Flemings held them play fo long,til a great part of their Army wheeled about a
private way, and fell upon the Rear of the French, whom they fo diforderedj
that 1 2COO. Horfc and Foot were flain, befides many prifoners , Count Artois
with many of the Nobility, were killed, over whofe dead bodies, chiefly of
the Earls, the enemy barbaroufJy infulted. Upon this defeat, the king fends
old Guy their Count, to fee if he could perfwade them to fubmit upon hope 50
andpromife of pardon:, but they would not yield : and withall, being puft
up with their Viftory, they invade the Countrey of /^f»<t«/^ ^ but they were
beat back from thence. The French king fends for 6. Gallies from Qmua, re-
folvingtgbcat the Flemings bothby Sea and Lands but they being nothing
daunted, make excurfions as far as ^rr<*f, fertingfireonthe Suburbs thereof j
but the French recovered fqme part of their honour loft at Curtray^ by defeat-
ing
Chap, j, Uiflory of the IForU, 239
ting the flentinp neer Saint Omer^ where they killed 1 5000 of them, and fliort- An.ChriJi,
ly after 800. oiBntgef, and 500. before TottrNciy t, but thcfe lofles did not difl vh<^^><j
courage them , therefore they refolve with frefli Forces to aflault the French
again ■-, which they did with fuch fury, that Valois took his heels, but the king
with his Army fought ftoutly, and got the Viftory, with the lofs of 6oco. Fk-
tnmgs on the place ;, among which was found the body o^ William^ fon to Giiy
■ Count o( Flanders. This defeat made the Flemings fubmit to peace, which was
concluded upon this condition, that 200000. Crowns fhould be paid to the
French king, and Flanders reftored to Robert^ Guy's eldeft fon, fox the Father •
10 was dead in Fr^»fe.
About this time, Cajfan the Tartarian Prince, who was become Chriftian,
having defeated the Perjians, and chafed the Sultan out ofsyrja^ writes to the
Pope and French king for their aide, and alliance with the Latine Princes, for
recovering of ^er«y^/f«? ; Upon this, Pope Boniface the 8. fends menacing
Letters to P^i///7, to promote with all fpeed this Expedition: which Letters
the king flighted, and withall imprifoned the Bifhop o^Palmiers (which place
he had lately erefted into a Biftioprick for the Province of JSIarbon) for hold-
ing correfpondency with the Pope againft him j, and forbids any of his
Clergy to repair to the Councel which thp Pope had call'd : Hereupon he is
20 excommunicated, and his Subjeds abfolvedfrom their Allegiance 5 fothat
the king was forced to fet theBilhop at liberty. But Bonifice not yet contented
ftirsup^Z/'er^Dukeof^'^/^^'MjeleftedEmperoUr, to invade France i, but he
ftirrednot: He folliciteth alfo thekingof f«?/<^W^but he could not, being
imployed in h\s Scottifi W2irs. P/jJ/pfendsanEmbafladorto the Pope to be
reconciled 5 the French Clergy fend alfo three Deputies in their names to ex-
cufetheirnot waiting on his Holinefs at the Councel ; In the mean while the
Pope was feifed on at Anagnis^ a City 6£ Ahrttzzo, by Sciarra Coloncfs, a Ban- [ ■. \,
dito o^ Rome J by the French Kings aide, and carriea to Rome, where he died ^ 3 *^ S-
fhortly after. This Fhilip afterward being prefent with the Kings of England
go and Arragon at the Popes Coronation in LJons^was like to be fmothered by the
fall of a wall, which killed and hurt many, among the reft John Duke of Brit-
tain wns flain. The Templars were accufed by this King and the Pope, of
hainous crimes, and of keeping correfpondency with the Turks and Sarazensj
therefore were condemned to be burnt alive : The great Mafter, with his
brethren, protefted before God at their death, that they were free from the
crimes objefted againft them. The Templars of Germany were more favour-
ably dealt with, for though their eftates Were taken away, yet none were con-
demned, but fuch as were found guilty. The Hofpitallers being enriched with
theTemplarsEftates,raifed a great Army, with which they took the Ifle of
A^ Rhodes from the Turks. The war of Flanders was beginning again, be-
caufe the money agreed upon 5 was not as yet payed ^ therefore the
French Army enters the obrders ; but upon promife of fubmiffion and
payment, the peace is renewed. A little before P/>7//pj- death, a great tu-
mult arofe at Lions between the Epifcopal party and the Royal , about their
Rights, which with much ado was appeafed by Leir// King of Navarre^ and
theConnto^ Savoy. The King died at F<?»^rf7»-/»/(?<i« where he was born, and
buried at S. £)e««;i-, having reigned 24. years.
In Etigland^kmg Henry the third hearinig of St. Lervishis captivity, and that
he was willing to refign Normandy^ \£ Henry would come to his refcue ^ Upoii
50 this, he prefently undertakes the Crofs, and demands the Tenth of his Clergy
and Laity, for defraying of the charges, exhorting the people to attend him 5
but he found the Low .'owrj- backward ^ a Parliament is called, in which the:
demanded Tenth is denied by the Bifhops and Lords ; but fuch were the .
kings wants, and G<i/m^« was upon revolt, that another Parliament is cal-
led, and a Tenth is granted by the Clergy for three years, andScutage three
Marks of every knights fee by the Laity for that year. The king refumcs
Cc 2 Gafcoigfi
240 The Second Van of the Bo o k. V.
JfrXhr/fti. Gajc'oign from his brother ii/cA^r^, who hadpofleffed it now 27. years, and
v.^c^'A/^"^^^ gave it to his eldell: Son i-V/w-^v/. KrJM>-<^ was unwilling to part with his pof-
feffion,and fo were the Gaf coigns to part with him : Whereupon S/mon Mon-
^Earl oichcjier^ afternman^ is lent with a Charter for 6. years, to curb
them. Three years after the OaJ coigns accufe him of Tyranny :, the king fends
for him, but he being fupported by the Nobility, contefts with the king, who
is fain to fend him back again to his charge, withpromifetothe Gaj coigns^
that Prince EdwanHhoxxXd come (hortly after 5 but Jllonfort tyrannizeth more
. then cvcr:^ wherefore Henry goes over into Gafcoign with goo. Ships, and
dcpoCcth. Jllonfort ••, andbecaufe the Gafcoigns had put themfelves under the lO
proteftion of the king of 5p<t/», who claimed Title to Aquitatte^ Henry propo-
fetha Match between his fon Edward^ and Elinor the Spaniards {\iker--, The
Marriage is agreed upon and folemnifed at Burgos, where the king of Spain
knights the Prince, and quits his claim to Aqtntane. Henry inverts the Prince
and his wife therein, and gives befides to him Ireland^ IFahs^ Er/Jhl, Stamford,
und Grant ham. After this, king Hcwry returns homeward by Faris^ with one
thoufand Horfc, and is feafted by Saint Lewis lately returned from captivity.
Upon king Hewrj'/ arrival into England,hc fines thcL^«^^wr/,though they had
prefented him with a hundred pound inmony, and two hundred pound in
plate. After this, El/nar the Princes wife arrives with a great Train. There 20
comes alfo from the Pope y}lcxandcr the Fiiurth, the Bifhop of Bononia^ with
a proffer of ^/(v/y to Ed/ziond the kings fecond fon. Theh comes Rujtandus'
with power to collect the tenth o^ England^ Scot Ltnd^znd Ireland, which is
denied him ^ he comes alfo with power to abfblve the king from his Oath
for the Holy V/ar, if he would dclhoy Manfred fon to Frcdcrickshe Emperor,
now k'lngoi Sicily and Apulia 5 but the Apulians angry that the Pope ftiould
give away their Land to a iiranger, heJp Manfred to defeat the Popes forces.
In the mean while, Richard Earl of Cornwal is eleftcd King of the Romans, and
crowned at Aix. King Henry demands a Tax for attaining the kingdome of
Sicily for his fon Edmund-^ two and fifty thoufand Marks are granted , but 50
this contents him not, he demands a greater fummc, which is denied him.
Hereupon Prince Edward is fain to mortgage Stamford, and other Towns, to
William de J'alencc,to fupply the Kings wants. After this a Pajliament is called
at Oxford, called the Mad Parliament, where many wrongs are complained of,
and many things eftabliflied tending to the weakning of the Kings Preroga-
tive : Twelve Peers are chofen, whereof the Earls of Leiccjicr and Gloucejier
were chief, to whom power was given to maintain the Laws made lately,
which were ratified by the King unwillingly , but he being difpleafed that
the twelve Peers (hould remove from him mod: of his chief Servants, calls a-
nother Parliament, where he complains of this wrong •-, but they fo little re- 40
gardcd the kings difpleafure, that they ratified the Laws formerly concluded
on: This made the King comply with France 2Lnd Scotland for aide. He re-
I 2 6 I. fjg„5 fslormandy, with the Lordihips oiAnjou^ Voytiers, and Mayn, to Lewis , in
lieu of this,Hf;/rj is made Duke oiGuyan, for which he was to do his homage :
He alfo procures two Bulls from Rome^ by which he and all others that had
fworn to maintain the late Lavvs,were abfolved x, notwithftanding the twelve
Peers went on in reforming abufes, and removing from their charge fuch O^
ficers as the King had placed. The king publiflieth the Popes Bulls, counter-
mandcth the Authority of the twelve Peers, and makes the Londoners {^eixx.
to aflift him. The Barons upon this raife an Army, and write to the king, be- 50
feeching him not to fupprefs the Oxford Laws,and withall they march toward
London, fpoiling by the way the houfesof all thofe who held for the Popes
Bulls :, they write to the Londoners, who fent the Letter to the king, and their
refolutions to hold with the Twelve Peers in maintaining the late Lawes, and
fo they receive the Barons into the City with joy : from thence they march
with the Army to IVjndfor Caftle, where they plunder and difplace all the
-. Aliens
Chap. 3- Hijiory of the IVorld. T^i
Aliens, who had Offices there. The Lords of the Kings Councel gave order ^a.ChnJi/
for reftitution of the Aliens goods ^ but the Barons refufed to obey : At laft ^«^'~V'%-
thefe differences were referred to the judgement of Saint LeTvis^ whofe fen-
tence was, that the twelve Peers fhould loie their authority, and nonefhould
rule but the King. This fentence, as partiall, isrejefted by the Barons who
repair again to the Marches of If ales, and levy a new Army 5 in their march
toward London^ they plunder and burn the houfes of Sir Roger Mortimer who
counfelled the King to withftand them. The Prince levieth another Army
which is beat by.the Barons, who remain Mafters of the Field. After this Vi-
loftory, they are joyfully received at London jand two Conftables eleded by
fome Citizens gathered a multitude together, who fpoiled the houfes of Ri-
chard King of the Romans, lately returned from Germany, whom the Barons
forced to fwear to maintain their caufe : But now he becomes their enemy,
who before was mediating a peace. The King in the interim furprifeth Nor-
thampton, and in it S'n Teter A/on t fort, and Simon, Leicejiers €\dci\^ {on, who
had raifcd an Arrny thereabout for the Barons. Another Battel after this
was fought neer Lcms in SuJJex, where the King with his brother Richard,
Pi'mce Edtvard, with many Knights and Gentlemen are taken prifoners, and
more then 5COCO. flain. Afterthis,apeaceismade, and agreed that the King
"20 fliould confirm the twelve Peers authority 5 which being granted, the two
Kings are fet at liberty, and their two fons left for Hoftages with the Barons,
who fend them to Dover Caftle.Then did the King call a Parliament,in which
he fwore to maintain the Barons rights, untill they (hould be reformed, if any
thing were amifs. Hereupon the Princes were enlarged. Shortly after the
two heads of the Faction, Leicejierand Glouccjier, did jarre about thcfc Ordi-
nances. Prince Edwar d,n^on this^ with Glojicejier^ Warrein, and Sir Roger Mor- I 2$ 5 ,
timer raifed a new Army ^ Leicejier did the like 3 a cruel Battel is fought at
Everpam in ?ftfr£'^:^t'>yZ?/r^, in which the Barons are difcomfited : Heve Simon
Ear] o( Leicejier, with his eldeftfbn, and S'n Hugh Spencer, with many other
30 prime men were flain '-, the Earls carkafs was inhumanely mangled by the
Souldiers, who cut off his head, hands, feet, and privy members. Upon this
Vidory, the King calls a Parliament, in which he recovers his former power,
and the Barons utterly loft theirs : The King alfo inftigatedby his brother
Richard, refolved to confume London with fire •-, but the Citizens came humb-
ly fubmitting their lands, goods, and lives to his mercy ^ but he was fo im-
placable, that he would not hearken to them, nor to any for them , till at laft
the Prince mediated in their behalf, and fo the King was content with a fine
of one thoufand Marks i he pardoned alfo the Cinque-ports, for their rob-
bing at Sea, during the troubles. But the Earl of Gloucejter, who by his revolt
40 from the Barons, had furthered the kings good fuccefsj being flighted for all
his good fervice, grew defperate^goeth to London,sind there the rafcality flock
to him, and having committed divers outrages, falls upon the Kijigs houfe at
Wejiminjier, which they ranfack and plunder^ but the Prince again inter-
ceded both for the Earl , and the other offenders : The Earle defirous to
be imployed, requefts that he might be fent with an Army to the Holy-Land,
\vhich was granted, becaufe the K. was willing to be rid of him 5 but he ufing
too long delayes, loft this opportunity, which was laid hold upon by Prince
£c/7P^r^, who condufted the Army into the Holy-Landj where he did brave
fervice, and raifedthe fiege oi Aeon--, he was traiteroufly wounded with a
50 poifoned knife by a Sarazen, but recovered. His Coufin HenrK fon to the king
of the Romans^ was flain in the Church oiViterbo in time of divine Service, by
his own coufin-german Guy de Mont fort fon to Simon Earl of Leicejier^ in re-
venge of his fathers death : king Richard died ftiortly after ; and the next year * « ^ ^
following k.He«r;the 3. departed this life, the 65. year ofhisagCj and the 57, ^^
of his reign , he had by his wife Elinor 6. fons, whereof two furvived him, Ed~
TPard and Edmundi,znd two daughters,M«r^4ref, wife to the king of Scots, and
Beatrice^ who married '^ehn the firft D. ofBrittain, ICo
ii
241 l^he Second Tart of the Book. V*
Jff.Ch>'r/i/. To Hcwy (ncceeds his Son Edn>ardy being now in -Sjr/^, who three years
L/^!r\J after his departure from F;7^/4?Zi^5 begins his voyage homewards?, he lands in
S/crly^ where he is royally feafted by Charles King thereof^ he is alfo in Italy
honourably ufed by the Pope and Princes:, and in France entertained by Ph/lip
the third , to vyhom he did homage for his lands held of that Crown 5 at laft
arrives in England after fix years from his fetting out : Alexander King of
Scots, and 'john Duke of Brittain were prefent at his Coronation : He began
betimes to clip the Clergies wbgs, by caufing the Statute of Mortmain to be
enafted^ againft which afterward the Clergy petitioned the King , when they
liad raifcd him a great fum of money , but they were not heard : he abridged 10
alfo divers Monafteries of their Liberties , and took from the Abbot of Weji-
mh?fter the Return of Writs granted him by King Henry the 5. Herefolves
to fubdueW^^/ej- which had alwayes been a receptacle for the Engli/I) Rebels:he
fummons Leolm their Prince to be prefent at the Parliament who refufed,
therefore he enters If'ales with fire and fword , and forceth Leolm to fue for
peace, which he had , paying a Fine of 50000 lib. and 1000 lib. per ann. but
withall delivers him ZiZ/wtfr, Simon Monforts daughter Earle of Le/fe/?er,with
whom he was in love , iTie comming from France was taken at Sea ^ yet for all
this, within three years he rebels again with his brother David ^ on whom the
King had beftowed divers graces^ an Army is raifed againfl: him, Leolm is flain 20
in the battell, and his head is fent to King Edward^ who caufed it to be
crowned with Ivie, and fet upon the Tower of London : thus ends the laft of
the Welch Princes ^ his brother D^i'/<^ is apprehended, drawn at a horfes tail
about the City of shrevpsbnry^ then beheaded, his heart and bowels burnt, his
head fent to the Tower, and his four quarters to Brijlol, Northampton, Tork^,
and Wmchejler. In this interim Jlphonfm the Kings eldeft Son twelve years
old dyeth, fo Edward born at Carnarvan is heir of the Crown, and firft of the
Englifh who was ftiled Prince of Wales. After this, King Edipardat the death
of rhilip the Bold, paflcs over into Fr4;;re , there to do homage to the new
1286. King Phil/p the fouf th for Aquitam ^ then he reconciles the King of Arragon 33
and Sicily in Spain^ and redeems Charles Prince of Achaia(Son to King Charles
of Sicily^ prifoner in Arragon for 30000 lib. After three years and {vx. months
being abroad, he returns into Ew^^/^jW, calls a Parliament , reforms divers
abules , and cnricheth himfelf with Fines laid upon corrupt Officers and
Judges:, he banifhcth the Jews, feifeth Upon their eftates, for which the King-
dome gave him a fifteenth , and the Clergy a tenth i many other fupplies of
money he had in his time, he new coyned all the old money which had been
defaced by the jffii'j 5 for which two hundred ninety feven fufFeredat one
time in London. He was chofcn Arbitrator by the Scots , who were divided
about the true fucceflbr of King Alexander ^ and as he was going Northward, ^o
1290. ^^^ vertuous Queen Elinor dyed, who had fucked (as fome write) the poyfon
out of his wound given him by the Sarazen. Whereupon he i-eturns with the
Corps to Wejiminjicr^ he caufed Crofles to be erected at Stamford , IValtham^
IVeJi-chcap, char/ng, and elfewhere in memory of her, with her ftatue thereon.
After this, be returns to the North, and by his means Baliol is made
King of Scots , who afterward upon an affront offered him in the Court of
En'iUnd^ defies King Edward, fo a long Wat begins^ King E^^iv^ri:/ enters intoa
^'^9 7' League with Guy Earle of Flanders, with Adolph the Emperour , to whom he
fends 1 5000///'. to recover his lands in fMWfr, and with other Princes, fohe
fends an Army into France , where all his Territories are forfeited and feifed ^^
upon for refuiing to come and do his homage. He then enters Scotland with
40C0 Horfe, and 30000 Foot, befide i coo Foot, and 500 Horfe of the Bifliop
of Dnrefme:, many places in Scotland Are fubdued, and Balwl fues for peace, and
doth homage : after this he raifeth heavy Taxes on the Clergy and Laity; the
Clergy rcfufe to pay, whereupon they are put out of the Kings proteaion :
But wen they faw how they were expoied to all wrongs for want of Juftice,
they
Chap. 3. Hifiorj of the TrorJd, 143
they fubmitted, and redeemed themfelves and Monafteries , which the King y?».cW/.
hadfeifedon. His brother f^/woW in the mean while dyed at ^vt?// havinff W^v^
befieged Ettrdeatfx a long time to no purpofe : upon this news the King calls a
Parliament , in which he defires his Lords to go to Gafcoign , which they re-
fufed, except he went in perfon, which he could not do, becaufe he was tyed
toaflift GAyEarle o£ Flanders^ whofe Daughter the French King kept as a
prifoncr in Pay if, for that Cuj/ was to marry her to King Edwards Son : Befides
the Fre«f/j King falls upon F/</«^erj- with an Army of 6ocoo and wins many
Towns : Kirigit^n'^r^^uponthispafrethover into F/^w./iw with 500 Sail and
10 and 1 8000 men, but was difappointed .of the Emperours afliftance and fo
could do little good for Guy: He ftaid that Winter in Gaimt, where helofV
manyof his men whom the Gmtois killed in a mutiny, and Edward h\vnk\?
hardly efcapcd 5 therefore he is forced to makepeace with the Vrcnch King
for two years, and to leave (?«/ to himfelf, whofbortly after was carried pri-
foner to r<«r/5-,where he dyed (as fome think) and his Daughter of grief. King
Edward upon his return, undcrftanding that the Scots by the courage of // V/-
liamWaUai', had almoft regained that Kingdome, makes a new invaiion, and
defeats the Scots in a great battel at Tonkjrh^ during this time, the Exchequer j -> q o
and Courts of Juftice were kept at r^r;^ about fix year?. At the Parliament ^
20 held in S. Andrews^ xhc Scots (except Wallas and his partyj fwear fealty to the
King of England.
In Scotland^Robert Abbot of Dumferling'VfZs removed by King Alexander the
third from his Chancellorflaip, for legitimating the baftard daughter of King ^^5 3-
Alexander the fecond , intending (he (hould fucceed if the King died without
ifliie 5 the Seal was delivered to GamelinHs Archbifhop of St. Andrervs. Some
of the Lords being fummoned to anfwer for their oppreflions , refufed to ap-
pear 5 wherupon they are by the young King declared Pvebels^ they watching
an opportunity when the King was thinly accompanied , feifed on him , and
carried him to Sterling^ pretending they removed him from his Englifti Coun-
50 fel by which he was much ruled, being lately returned from England^ with his
Lady King H(;«mj- fifter , and a great Englifti train : but the arrival oi Acho
King oiHorveay , with 120 fhips caufed the King to be fet at hberty , and the
Lords to be pardoned^ for then was no time to quarrel, when the common
Enemy was fo near. This Acho pretending right to fome of the Scottifti
Weftem Iflands , came with iocbo Danes , a^d fnddenly feifed upon two of
the greateft Ifles 5 then he landed his men on the ftiore of Cnnigame , againft
whom Alexander Stevpart grandfather to him who was firft of that name King
o( Scotland J, was fent with an Army 5 he after a long skirmifh defeats the
Danes, kills fixteen thoufand on the place , and drives the reft on ftiip-board,
40 all the ftiips were caft away on the Ifles of Or/^neji by ftorms,except four which
came fafe home to Norrcay:, ftiortly after this King Acho d ied of grief ; his Son
Magnm was glad to make peace with the Scots, and refign all his right in the
Weftern Iflands, for which he was to receive 4000 marks prefentlyand a hun-
dred marks yearly,befides a match is made between Margaret King Alexanders
daughter, andHangonan King Magnus his Son; about this time King Alexander
tookthelfleof -/I/-^//, it was there agreed that it (hould be under the pro-
te£tiono£ Scotland, and that the King of iIc/4« ftiould furniflithe Scots with
ten ftiips when he ftiould be required : After this , Alexander fends five thou-
(and Scots to aid King Henry againft his Barons in England, where moft were
-Q killed , the reft taken prifoners.- At that time there was great emulation in
Scotland between the Nobility ahdClergy,whofe wealth and power was much
envied 5 complaints of wrongs done by lome young Lords to the Clergy were
brought to Alexander, which he flighted 5 but the Clergy threatningi^p com-
plain to the Pope, King Alexander was forced to comply vviththem, for
avoiding further trouble, and caufed fatisfaftion to be made them e, in the
interim a Legate from the Pope comes tocolleft money for the Holy War,
but
Z44 ^'^^ Second Van of the Book. V.
^».C/jr//?/. but he was not fuffered to enter the Kingdome, and anfwer was made him,
WV^Vj that the King would himfelf raife moneyj and fend Souldiers to Syria f, there-
fore an Army is fent under the Earles of Carrie and At hoi to the French King
LetrffySc to the Pope a thoufand marks. Not long after^the King loft his wife,
and both his fons , firft Davicl^ and then Alexander ^ who had married the Earl
of Flanders daughter : Margaret alfo his daughter the (lueen of JSlorway
died, who left one daughter,callcd the Maid of T:^om>aj>,Ey his fecond wife the
Earl of Drr/x his daughter in France^ he had no iffue ^ for the fame year of his
1285. . fecond marriage, he fell from his Hoife neer Kingorne, and dyed the five and
fortieth yeer of his Age, and the feven and thirtieth of his Pvcigne , his death 10
was much lamented both for his good Laws, and his juft government.
After Alexander r death , Six Governours are fet over the Kingdome , three
for the South-fide, and three for the North-fide of f<7r//>. In the meantime,
K-ing Edvpard finding an opportunity to unite the two kingdomes , fends Am-
bafladours into 5^f(?//^W, withPropofitionsof a match between his Son and
the Maid oil^^orrcay^ Inheritrix of Scotland --i the match js agreed on, and Am-
baffadours fent to Norway to bring away the young Queen 5 but (he was dead
before they came, to the great trouble of England^ andalmoft the ruine of
Scotland^\v\\\Q\\ was torn into many factions by divers Competitor ; the two
chief oFwhich were ^johnBalliolznd Robert Bruce '-y John had the better right, 20
but Rohcrt the molV affcdions , and both ftrong parties to fide with them 5
Sritce had lands in England^ Ba///ol in France^ and both had great pofleffions in
Scotland: To avoid civil wars, the controverlie by gcnerall confent is referred
to kmg Edjvard o(Engljnd^hoth,hvcciu{e oi hhiitheis afltedionand alliance
to Scotland, and of his own defire Lo have renewed this affinity with a new
match; King /i(;/ij?,Wupon this comes to C^rjv/ri^, cals the Nooility thither,
notasSubjedSjbutasFriends, they fent their Deputies 5 He firft fwears the
Competitors to ftand to their award, then he fwears the Peers to obey him
that (hould be named king ^ this oath be caufed to be ratified by their Hands
and Seals-^ then he choofeth out twelve prime men oiScotlandyHs many of £«^- 50
land, whom he fwears to give their Verdift juftly and fincerely^ the chief
Lawyers of fr<i??re are fent to, for their opinion in this difficulty , but their
anfwer was not fatisfaftory : the twenty four were cnclofed in a Church alone,
to determine the controverfie 5 in the mean while Edward deals with Bruce a-
partjWhofe title was weakeft, and proffers him the Kingdome, if he would be-
come his Vallal, which he refufed •■, then he deals with Balliol^ who accepts the
proffer -^ fo Bal/iol (ix years and nine moneths after Alexanders death is decla-
red king of -STi'/AtW, and crowned at Scone -^ hut Bruce and divers others re-
fufed to fwear Allegiance to him , who repairs to King Edward at New-Cajile,
to whom as he promifed, fwears Fealty, to the great grief of the Lords, who ^.^
could not now tell how to help it : But not long after, the Earle of Fifes bro-
ther having his lands wrongfully given away by BaUiol, and his brother mur-
thered by the Abcrnethies without juftice, appears to king Edward Qtt'in^ then
in Parliament: BalUol was called upon to anfwer to his accufation , and to
come down to the Ear, C for he fate next the king) at which indignity hefo
ftormed, that he went home, cals a Parliament, at which were prefent Ambaf-
fadorsfrom f nrwa-, (iefiring a renovation of the old League; and alfo from
£»(?/4«,^3demanding affiftance againft the French according to their allegiance.
The French League was preferred and renewed, being at that time of five hun-
dred years continuance , and the Englijh allegiance rejeded, as being extorted ^^
from a king without confent of his Parliament. Upon this, a defiance is fent
to king Edward^who having a Flett ready, intended for France, fends it to Scot-
land^wi^'ichthe Scots overthrew in the mouth of the river toward Brfrxp/V^.*
this foexafperated king £<iwrfr<^, that he invites Bmce to accept of the king-
dome, and withall befiegeth harwicl{^, which after a long fiege by a flight was
taken 5 for king Edvcard making fhcw of a retreat, the Town-gates were open-
ed,
Ch A p. J . Htfiory of the JVorld. 2^^
. opened,thefouldiers wentouttorefrefhthemrelvcs:in the interim, the Engliffi ArKChr^(ii
Horleretumfuddenly, enter the town and put all to the fvvord • then he be- ""^^^n^J
fiegeth Dnnbar and takes it, and defeats the Scots army that came to relieve it •
Upon this Edinburgh and Sterlin are furrendered 5 at laO^ V^al/tol fubmits himl
felf and kingdome to Edxvard: who fends him by fea into Fn^Uml, and caufeth
' the Scots Lords to fwear Fealty again to him .- Balljol is imprifoned the
fourth year after he was crowned, but upon the Popes intrcaty isfentinto
Trance^ whither king Edn>arda\Co Went with a great army. In this mean fpace
John Cmrin Earle of Bnchan is fent by the Scots with forces into Englaid^ who
10 with Fire and Sword fall upon Cumberland zndNorthitmbcrland-^ /k///^Aralfo a
private man, but well defcended, of a high fpirir, and ftrong body, pittying lii's
countries fad condition , gathers an army together , and allhults the Engliih
Garrifons beyond ¥orth^ which he took in, then hghtsCr,yy//V;^Zi,r»/( whom
king Edxvard hadlefttobeTreafurer of-S'ftf//,m^)defeatshistorces by Sierl/n-
and with his army enters England, where he ftayed without oppofition three
moneths, and returns home with much bootie. Upon the report of thefe pro-
ceedings, K\i\gEdu>ard hafteneth out of f r^»rp, raifeth a great army, and
marcheth to StaMmor or Stainfmoore^ the Englifh feein g the carriage ot U'al/as
and his Captains, with the order of his army , which confided of 30000. re-
20 treated without fightings ff'al/of fearing fome treachery did not puiVue^
Hereupon, the Scots Lords who held for King Edward, envying /?7///^ his va-
lour and fucceffe, gave out that he aimed to be King himfelf , and that it were
better for the Scots to be fubjed to King Edward^ then to a new upftart ^ be-
fides, the Scots army began to mutiny among themfelvcs, which was the caufe
of their overthrow fix miles frorn Sterling-^ in which conflid ten thoufand
Scots werefiaine : JVal/tK upon this difmiffeth his forces, and King Edward re-
tmns into England. The Scots that ftood upon their liberty, fend to King
rA7//p of Fm»fe to mediate for a peace with K in gfV/jr^r^, which was granted
for feven moneths 5 during which time, the Ambafladors that were fent to
^b Pope Boniface the eighth were intercepted by the Enghp arid imprifoned ^
this with fome other wrongs incenfed the Scots again , who drove all the En-
gUP, znd Scots that were for Kin gF<5^3J?^r<^5 out of their Garrifons; another
army is fent into Scotland ^ which being divided into three bodies were all
three defeated in one day by an army of eight thoufand Scots ; which fo en- 1302,
raged King £^jr/«r<^, that he raifed the greateft army that ever wasraifed by
him 5 he rigs out alfo a great Fleet, and fo invades -^f^^/^W by Sea and Land :
fo great was his army, that it went through the moft pait of Scotland without
oppofition •■) onely Wal/as would fally out of his Ambulhes now and then upon
the Rear : King Edv^ard with fair promifes would have drawn him to his fide
40 but could not prevailed all the Caftles and Forts which had held out againft
the Englifti hitherto, now yeelded^^ Sterling which held out three months, was
faine to furrender for want of provifion.The Scots again(except Wallas and his
party) fwear Fealty to King Edward, who returning iqj^ £«^/4«f/ carried with
him the antient Records, MonumentSjLibraries, Learned men, and theFatall
Chaire oi Scotland. WaBas keeps himfelf in fafe places, till he was betrayed by
h\sk\en6.Montiethto king Edward^ who caufed him to be put to death in
London , and his quarters to be difperled to divers parts of both Kingdomes.
King Edward now thought all fure 5 but he found afterward that he had to
to doe with a flippery Kingdome, which he could not long hold ; For Robert
5Q Bruce the fon of halliols competitor , and John Cumin Ballrols Coufin-german,
taking the oath of fectefie from each other , combine to revolt ^ they agree '
that Br«fe{hould be King, zad Cumin next in dignity; and (hould alfo enjoy
all Viruces pofleffions, which were very great •-, yet Cumin repenting of h js bar^
gain reveals the Plot to king Edward, who refolves when opportunity fervedj
to have him queftioned for high treafon : Earle Corner or Glocejier^ hruces old
friend, advertifeth him of his danger,not by word or writing, for he durfl: notj
. • ^ D d but
146' The Second Van of the Book. V.
Jn.Chriftr, but by fending him a pair of gilt Spurs witii fome money by his fervant ^ pre-
^-^'"V'^ tending he had borrowed thefe of him ; '2>ntce underftanaing the meanings
caufeth three Horfes prefently to be (hod backward , that in the Snow the
tracks might not be known , and with his two fervants rides poft into
5f»^/<W, whereby the way he intercepts <:«»/;«/ Letters going to King Ed-
veard^ in which he found, that Ctintin did inftigate the King to difpatch Bruce,
with what fpeed he could,for he was a dangerous and adive manjpopular and
potent in Scotland : Up, in this Bruce gocth to finde out Cnmin^ who was then
130 5' in the Gray-Yriers Church at Dnmfrifc^-nn6. llieweth hi m his own Letters5which
hedifclaimed; with that Bruce in a rage runs him through with his fvvord, i©
and leaves him dead in the place.
In Rome^ Alcxmder the Fourth was Pope C\x years 5 in whofe time Daniel
Duke o't Rujjia made the Popes Legate in Tclonia believe, that he and his
Countrey would be of the Romijlj communion, and Would maintain the Chri-
ftian Religion againft the Tartars^ whofe power was grown formidable to the
Chriftian Princes -, but as foon as he obtained what he fought for, to witj the
Crown and Title of King, he continued in the Greek communion. To Alcx~
ander fucceeded Vrban the fourth, a Coblcrs fon f, he fate three years, he or-
dained Corpus Chrijii day : In his time Byzantium was taken with eight hun-
dred men, by ?aUologus^ from the Latincs, in whofe Family it continued al- ao
moft two hundred years, till it was taken by Mahtmct the Turk. To Vrban
fucceeded Clemens the fourth ^ he v/as Pope three years, and had two daugh-
ters by his wife, who was now dead. After two years and ninemoneths \&~
czwQy Gregory the tenth was cledred, who fate- four years-, he ordained the
ufe of the Conclave in the Elcftion of the Pope, to prevent future vacancies,
for the Cardinals muft not go out of the Conclave, fill they have chofen a
1274. Pope : He ordained in the Counocl of Lions, that none fhould undertake the
charge of a Parochial Church, till he was five and twenty years old. About
thknme d'ledl homas Aqifinof, being fifty years of age, and the Whipping
Hercticks arofe, who preferred their Whipping to Martyrdome. Pope Inno-^^
cent the fifth fucceeded, he fate fix moneths ; he was the firft Pope of the Pne-
dicants Order. Adrian the fiftli fucceeded, who fate but one moneth and nine
dayes ^ he died before his C- I'Tccration, and revoked the Decree of the Con-
clave, which revocation was confirmed by his Succeffor John the one and
twentieth; and fo without the Conclave were elcfted Nicholans the third, Mar-
tin the fourth, Hononus the fovath,^ icholam the fourth, Cclejiine the fifth, who
renewed the Conclave, and F(?w//^?ce the eighth confirms it. John the twenty
one, or as fome fay, twenty two, fate eight moneths; To him fucceeded N/-
cholaur the third, w ho fate three years, eight moneths ; In his time the Turks,
after they had been fupprefled by the Tartars^ gather new ftrength,and invade 40
n the remainders of the Greek Empire. Pope Martin the fourth fucceeded four
1200. yj^^^j.^ ff(??/^>v«/thefourth followed two years; he confirmed the Carmelites
Order, and turned their party-coloured coats into white 5 and confirmed al-
fo the Order of S. Aujiins Eremites. Honorius the fourth fucceeded, and
ftte two years: In his time 7l(7,^«/^/wj- the Emperour fubdued the He/z^e^Mwx,
who before vvere fubjcfts to the Earl o'i Savoy. Nichohus the fourth fucceeded
four years '-^ he was the firft Pope of the Francifcans. To him Celeftine the fifth
fucceeded five moneths, who was deluded by a voice through a Cane, as if it
had been from Hcaven,willing him to refign his Pontificat to Boniface : he de-
creed, that the Popes and Cardinals (hould ride on Afles,as Chrift did,and not ^q
on Mules and Horfes ; he openly in the Confiftory laid down his Mitre,Rings
and Sandals, and fo refigned his Pontificat to Bontfacexhe eight, who came in
as a Fox, reigned like a Lion, and died like a Doginprifon; he Canonized
S. Levpjs-, and ordained the Jubilee to be every hundreth year ; In his time
the ftreets of Park were overflowed with the Sein,fo that there was no paflage
through them without boats: He put on both the Pontifical and Princely
hatit.
.Chap.4- Htflory of the World. 247
, habit, caufing two fwords to be carried before him. The Tartan imbrace Ma- jin.ChriJii.
humetanifiHj and fo loft both Chriftianityj and y4//<i together. Hence the Ot- XTWA
j tomans began to flourifti. Selymtis the Turk married with the daughter of the
.Prince of the Precopit Tartars, who feated themfelves in Tanrica Cherfone'
fits. This Match produced Solyman. And much about the rifing of the Otto-'
man Family, arofe the Houfe oiAuflria.
10
Chap. IV.
I. ihe Eajiem Affairs under Michael Palxologus, Andronicus the elder^ and
younger. 2. T^e Turkifh 4«(5^ Tartarian -^jf^?ri-. 3. The Affairs <?/ Hungary,
Poland, Denmark, the Low-Countries, chteffy Holland, and the Switzers.
IN the Eaft^, il^/V/j^e/ VaUologushdivmg hYmdedJohannes Lafcarus, invaded
the Empire, and drove the French outof2;^2S^«f«//« 5 he gave Fern or Ga~
lata^ over-agai'nft By%antinm^ to the Genuois for their good fervice. A^a-
tines Sultan oilconium being driven out of his Kingdome by the Tartars^ fled
tothisTl/ir^je/. Twenty thoufand Sw/^^^mw/ invade T/jr^c/ii, and plunder it.
The Sultan oilconium^ whom Michael had kept in ftrait cuftody, efcaped by
helpofthe^9'//)/d«/. The Sultan of f.g;;'/'^ and Arabia having the Hel/ejpont
open, carries away many of the Scythian flaves, about Tanais and Meotzs^ into
■Egypty by whofe help he drove the remaining Latines out of the Eaft. Michael
to ftrengthen himfelf by the Pope and Italian Princes, againft his enemies, re-
pairs to the Councel oi Lions { leaving his fon Andronicus to rule the Empire)
^o and there acknowledgeth the Popes Supremacy,and reconciles the Greek and
Latine Churches : but upon his return home, he was hated for yielding to the
Pope 5 and being dead, was denied the honour of burial by his own fon. He
lived eight and fifty years, aid reigned five and thirty. He had two fons. An--
dronicus his fucceflbr, and Conjiantine^ a good Souldier, who had fought fuo
cefsfuUy againft the Turks , but Andronicus^ upon fufpition that he affedted
the Empire,put him in prilbn.
Andronicus hired the Alani that dwelt along the coaft of the Euxine Sea, a-
gainft the Tttrks : Thefe Almi being impatient of the flavery they were in
under the Scythian Tartars^ repair in great multitudes to Andronicus^ for fome
40 new habitations within his Dominions ; Thefe he armed againft the Turks in
Ajia^ by whom they were defeated 5 and fo many as efcaped the Turks fury^
faved themfelvcs over-againft Lesbos on the coaft of Greece. Rogerius Laurea^
Admiral of the Arragoman or Span/fi Fleet, againft the French in Sicily^ was
invited by Andronicus with his Fleet againft the Turks. He get§ leave of the
Arragonian^ having made peace with the French^ to go with his Colleague
Tiringerius Terza. Andronicus^ to make them both the more cordial to him,
creates Rogerius^ C^far ^ and Tiringerius^ the great Duke : Thefe did beat the
Turks in divers battels, but for want of pay they became enemies, and fell to
plunder the Greek Territories. Rogerius is killed in the tumult, and his Col-
50 league was taken afterward by the Oenuoi!^ who ftript him both of his Admi-
ralty and life. The Cataluni^ defcended of the ancient Catti and Alani^ much
infefted Andronicus^ againft whom heraifeth an Army o£Thracians and Mace-
donians :^ but he was put to the worfe,and forced to flie. Thefe Catalansjby the
help of the Turks, wafted Macedon , and without them over-run Thejfaly 5
thence paffing into Bteotio and Attica^ furprifed Athens and Thebes^ where they
feat themfelvfis, having killed the Prince o£ Athens.
Dd 2 At
The Second Tan of the Book. V.
Att.ehnfiji At this time 'John Prince oiThejJaly dyed without ifliie, having lived three
''.'<^^^Si'^'^>^ years with his wife Irefie, the baftard olAndronicm the Emperour ^ and fo the
dominion of the Angeli ceafed in Tkjjaly^ Epirus, and Mtolia^ apart of which
returned to the Emperour, and the reft the Princes and the Catalans tore away.
Some of the Turks who turned Chiiftians , went to the Prince of Servia : the
reft made a league with Andronkus ^ for a fafe convoy to the Hellejpont^ and
from thence to Cherfomfus with their booties 5 but the Emperor kept not
promife with them , and fo they were cut off"by the Genuan and Bulgarian
forces^ for which perfidioufnelle the Turkj were enraged againftthe Chri-
ftiaus in Afia. In the mean while Maria Domicil/a^who by right of blood claim- 10
ed title to jffr/^/c'W, rcfigns her right to Charles K'ln^o^Sicilj ^ though Hugh
1287. King of Cyprus claimed it. The Armenian Chviftians being deferred by the
Tartars were miferably butchered and deftroyed by the Turks : The falling
off of the Tartars ixom the Chriftians and Chriftianity, and their civil wars
among themfelves, gave opportunity tothc^gyptians under Melech-Mejor
1288. to befiege and take Tripoli^ which they burned, and in it killed feven thoufand
Chriftians. his (onnc Scriphcts ^ about three years after, took rtolefaaff\i\xh
6ooco.horfc, and 140CCO. foot: there were flain of the Chriftians 30000.
the reft that efcaped were drowned with ftormSjCxcept a few which recovered
-Cyprus. Tjru^j Sidott^ Bcrituf, and whatfoever the Chriftians had in Syria was 20
deftroyed. This Senphuf afterward , as he was preparing a Fleet to invade
Cyprm^3.% murthcred by his own Captains, who fell at variance among them-
felves. Cai.anui the fon oi Argon Prince o^Tartary^'wdiS invited by the Saraz.ens
to embrace MahumetanifmcT which he did for a while to obtain his ends,
therefore permitted the Chriftian churches to be deftroyed : but when he had
increafed his wealth and ppwer,he fell upon the Mahumetans znd'^xWcd them:
upon this Mclcch Nafor the Tyrant of Egypt fights him j but he, though al-
inoft defeated , fo carried himfelf, that he left 200CO Sarazens dead on the
place, and drove the Sultan into Ealdac or Babylon of Egypt. This vidory gave
a ftiort breathing to the Chriftian afrairs. 3*
The Greek Church was now divided into three Faftions; fome holding
with BecfAt the Patriarch of the Latine profcffion, fome with Jofeph the other
Patriarch who was put out, and fome with -(^>ye«/»;f who was dead. Where-
upon to quiet all, Andrcnicus m^kcs Gregory of Cyprus Patriarchy Becuf and
the^ontifician party are banilheds, Gre(^(?r)/ alfo (hortly after isdepofed, and
AthanaJ/uf the Eremite is fubftituted, who becaufe he fent every Biftiop home
to look to his own flock , foure years after he alfo is depofed, and driven into
thedefarts. Andronicus by evil counfel deftroyed the Grecian fleet as ufelefle,
being now affianced by marriage to Spain, which had the kingdome of Sicily :
but the want of a fleet gave occafion for all pirats to plunder the Greek coafts. 40 .
The Venetians of Byzantium pretending fomeloflTes they received by Andro^
vicits^ plundred both by land and fea t, which gave occafion to Othoman a petty
Prince in Carmama^ (but of an aftive fpirit,and ftrong body ) to raife an army
againft the Chriftians ^ fo that he with other Turkilh Commanders divided
igreat part of the Greek Empire amongft them. In the battel that was fought
in t^cT/t^cjKj between the Gree^j and 7 wr^r, for the booties which the Tar^/
Carried from Crecct under the fafe conduft of Androniats , his fon Michael loft
the day , and withall the Imperial ornaments , which the Turk^s difgracefuUy
ufed. They brake into Thracia with fuch multitudes, that they plundred it all, ,
fo that in two years the Eyz^intiftes durft not go out of their gates ; The moft $•
of the Cities or Bj'^/jwi'i are taken by Ottoman , who makes Pr«^-« the capital
city of his new-ereftcd Monarchy ^ (b the Chriftian Empire in the Eaft is but
ameer Sceliton. The calamities that fell on this Empire by the Turki, were
prefaged by frequent earthquakes, comets and ecclipfes in the fun and moon.
AndroHicHs lived till he was feventy years of age , and (aw not only thefe pub-
lik,e calamitic?, but alfo the private miferies of his own family 5 ibr his i<»ines
•-^ and
Chap. 4' BifioryoftheJVorld. 24^
and grand-children proved both flagitious, and factious againfb each other, Att.Chnfih
and moft ungracious to himfelf ; for Andronkus the younger, fonne to Michael V-^''^w'"Nb>
and grandchild to this y^«<5^rtf»7V«^ the elder, thruft his grandfather, being al-
moft blind with age and forrow, into a Monaftery, where he dyed 5 Michael
■ the father of this younger Andronicus, was dead before 5 Manuel the other
fonne of this Michael^ was killed by the City-guard , whilftin the night he
went to find out this diflc^ute brother Andronicus the younger.
CazMHuhQ Tartar (aswefaid) having beaten the Egyptian Sultan, was
matter of ^^^. He was by profeffion aChriftian, and therefore married the
10 King of Armenia s daughter. Finding that his Kinfman Cayden was raifing a
Faftion in Terfia^ fends Ambafladors to the Pope and French king, for a union
with the Latine Princes, towards the regaining of the Holy-Land, But he
committed a great error, when he intrufted Caycaphns a Saracen fugitive with
the government of Damafcus , having been governour before in that place
under the Egyptian : for this Saracen revolted from him,and brought all Syria.
into the obedience of the Egyptian Sultan. And fonow the thoufand ycarcs
are ended, in which the Church did reign with Chrift 5 for Mahmtets religion
prevailed fo faft,that it drove ChrifHanity out of the Eaft. The Armenians and
Cyfrians endeavoured to recover Syria^ but could do nothing,becaufe Cd%>uniii
aofellfick. The Egyptian Sultan carried away all provifions from the Chriftian
quarters, and poifoned the graffe and fodder. After the death of C4z,<z;/;/j-, his
brother Campanda turned Mahumetan 5 and fo the litrlij over-ran all, even to
the gates of Byzsantiunt.
Michael PaUologus hthet to Andronicus the yonngCT, be'mo: in TheJJaly^ and
underftanding how his younger fon-^/r««e/ was killed, died for griefe. Old
Andronicm^ receiving continual complaints again It the oppreffions of his
grandchild the younger Andronicur^ was refolved to imprifon him : which
he underftanding by the Patriarch, fled to Adrianopolk 5 and by the help of
John Cantacuzenus^andSyrgiattnes the baftard fon ofConJIantine^znd grandchild
go of old AndronicHs^ who was now hated for the continual taxes which he was
forced to lay on the people againft the Turkj^ raifed an Army againft his
Grandfather: therefore young Andronicm^ promifing exemption from all
taxes, drew almoft all Jhracia and Macedon to fide with him 5 fo that the old
man was glad to content himfelfe with Byzantium^ and a part of Macedon^
leaving the reft to his grandchild. Upon this rent, the Turh^s build fhips, with
which they infeft the coafts o(Thrace and Macedon.Where^ore old Andronicus^
to fornifh himfelf with mony againft them , was forced to fell the ornaments
of the antient Emperors. But Syrgiannes^ angry that he was not Colleague
with young Andronicus in the Empire, flies to the old man , and puts him in
40 hope to recover all again. Young Andronicus at this raifeth an Army, and
brings it to the gates oi Byzantium, pretending his grandfather was dead 5 and
to deliver his mother Xene , whom Conjiantine the Defpot or Lord had carried
away by fliip from ihejfalonica to Byzantium , and there imprifoned her : But
her delivery caufed a new peace ^ and the rather,becaufe Philadelphia was now
befieged by the 7«/-/^/. Young Andronicus is now crowned and made Confort
of the Empire with the old man , but Syrgiannes is imprifoned and plundred.
In the interim, Ottoman fubdues almoft all Byth/nia-^ who having reigt>ed
38 year^ died, and was buried in a Silver-tomb by his fon Orcanes^ after he i 3 2 6«
had taken Pr«/i by famine. After this, yonng Andronims defirous to reign
50 alone, makes a league with MichaelDcfpot or Lord oi^ulgaria^ with whom he
marrieth his fifter,purpofely to defeat the old man,which they did by the help
of their Captains, who Wonhipped the rifing Sun ; Conflantinople is betrayed
the old Emperor feifed upon, and by the advice o^ 'Niphon the Patriarch is
depofed, who with grief loft his eye-fight. Young Andronicm makes an expe-
dition into Ajia againft Orrd«e/,where he was wounded in the foot,and fhame-
luUy loft his army to the turk^s ; After this he fell defperately fick,upon a cold
he
z^o The Second Tan of the Book.V.
^«.C/jr//?/. he took after bathing. The report ofhis death thruft the old Emperor into a
. (-/"V^W Monaftery in L^z.<?«//«wiwherc iheodorus Synadenm made him abjure his Em-
pire^and change his name from Andronian to Antonius. But young Andromcus
Tecovers,and was invited by thtB/dganan againft the Trihal/?^h\it refufed to go,
being content to fleep in a whole skin. This Bulgarian Lord had married Ja-
dronicia his fifter (as was faid) and therefore put away his other wife, lifter to
the King o^Scrvia--, whereupon this King made war upon the Bulgarian,thruft
him out ofhis principality, and put Alexander his kinfman in his place.
1352. About this un\G,Orcancs the Turk took N/aea ofEythwia, after a long fiege.
In the midft of thefc miferics, old Atidrenicus dyed in his Covent, the $0. year 10
ofhis reign. Young Androttjcuf makes war upon^^/cx^jW^r the Bulgarian^who
defeats him, and having cooped him up with the remainder of his forceSjtakcs
pittyonfomanyChriftians, and proffers peace upon promife of future mo-
deration. After this, Syrgiunncs is accufed of treafon, but efcapes,and with the
tribidli invades Jllacedonia. Androniriis not able to fupprefs him by force,mur-
thers him by an afl'alinate: the Triballian Prince being bribed by the Emperor
makes peace with him,and fo Alacedon returns again to the obedience o^Cafar..
The Ccnnois in Vent were grown fo ftrong, that they flighted Androtticifs. Ca-
titnes a Cenuan feifcth upon Myi ilcnc , but not long after Andronicns recovers
it, having brought the rhoc^am into lubjeftion. The -Jry^/^MWi beyond Ijiher 20
overrun Jhraaa, and carried away for (laves 30000. Greekj and "Turks. Orcattei
did lie in wait to furprife Ejxant/um-^hut CantitcHZ^emis with 70 Greek horfmen
overthrew a great number of the Turkifh infantry. Androtiicus calls in the
T«r/^r upon the ////rA/«/,who had offended him : And whilft he is fubduing
Aetolia and Epinis (which fhortly after he loft) Orcanes takes Uicomsdia. of By-
thinia^ and fo the next year, the Tw^f without rcfiftance overrun T^r<ifw; a
J 2 4. 1, while after they paflc over the Hdlefpont . and by the help oiSolimati, Orcanes
hiseldcftfon, took it. Shortly after, y^«(^r<?«/f«j- died of the Spleen, being 4$
years old,and having reigned 20. He left two fons by his WiitAnne the Almum^
John Sc Manuel, over whom he appointed governor 'John CantacMzenus, whom 30
he made fwear to be faithful in preferving the Empire to his young TpnpWJohn:,
but he (hortly after forgot his oath,flightcd the youngC<f/^r,and to make him-
felf greatjhimioured the Greek Princes, and married his daughter to Orcan the
Turkifh Sultan. Orcjties having reigned 3c years, died.
In Hungary^ K. Lad/Jl.itcs with L'oleJ/aus had fcarce driven out the Tartars^who
had overrun Hungary and Pol.md--, when the people, who hated the tyrannical
deportment o^LadiJlait'^ choofe for their King kndrerv^ called Venettn, from his
mother and educationjbeing Venetian: he was grandchild ofK.Andreiv by his
{on Steven. After the death of this Andrerp Fenetus^Charh Nephevf to dandtts
oisicdy^ Robert Uncle to charls^:\nd tVenceflatis the Bohemian,became Compe- 40
titors for the kingdom; butthePeeres chofe Otto the Bavarian^ who being
taken by the Trrin/ihiin/an^cCcaTpcd by the help ofhis wife,and returned home:
Albert eftablifheth Churls in the kingdome, who baniQied many ofthe Nobi-
lity, and fo he prevailed over his Competitors.
In roland was the like conteftation : For to Y^.Bckflaus fucceeded Lefcus
Nigcr^ Vv'ho h.ad fubducd the Jazygesand Riifstans, and his Competitor Conra.-
dtis lilafoviitx^ whom divers ofthe Nobility had chofen for their King. This
LefcHs died without iflue 5 wherefore Bolejiaus A^afov/us^ Henry Fret jjlave^znd
LadiJIaus Lu3icus brother to Lefcus^ ftrove for the fucceffion. Jn the mean
while, Wenccjlaiis the Bohemian invaded the Territories of Cracovia and Sen- ^q
domir/a^ in right ofthe Queen, who had bequeathed them to him 5 the Tartars
fall upon feme other places of that diftradfed kingdom: in thefe tumults,H(r»r/
Fretijlave dieth, and rrimijlatts is chofen King by the Polanders, who lived not
above feven moneths after. Then was LadiJIaus chofen : bijt he who with fo
much toile and trouble got the kingdome, with too much eafe and luxury loft
it^ for the Peers depofedhim, and conferred the kingdome upon ^^e»ce/^«^
the Bohemian. ~ In
Chap. 4. Biflory of the JForld. 25 1
In Demtark, Ericm the fixth , Grandchild to Waldemar by his fon chrjftd-Aȣhrjfij.
fher^ was trcacheroufly murthered, to whom fucceeded his fon Erkiis the fe- ^'''v^^v-'
venthjbeingachild, in his miriorrtyj the Kingdome was well governed by
jlgker of Brandenburg and the Nobility. The Kings murtherers were all bani-
iheds Pyrats feverely punifhed 5 the Holfatians ^nd Vandals reconciled^ the
Territories of iJo/^tfcA, and other places over-gainft Denmark,^ reduced intd
the Kings obedience. This Ericus afterward became tyrannical and facrilcgi-
ous, who for his wicked life, and the whoredomes he committed upon divers
Noble Matrons, wasmurthered in a Barn, where he was found deeping, by
1(5 feven affafinats, who gave him feventy wourtds. He married his Daughter
Sophiato Waldemxr King ofSwethland^ who for inceft with his lifter was driven
out of his kingdome 5 to whom fucceeded his brother L^,;///?.?//^-. To Ericus
the feventh in De«»wri^ fucceeded Ericus the eighth, who obtained feme Vi- i 3 ^ 9''
ftories againft the Teutones ^ He died without iffue, having reigned three and
and thirty years. To him fucceeded his hxot\\Gt Chrijiophcr^ an unfortunate
and carelels Prince, a hatenof his Nobility, and an oppreflbr of the people ^
for which he was driven twice out of his kingdome. He pawned to ihcHol-
fatiam all Scania^ who upon this aimed at the whole kingdoitie, which the
Danes perceiving, called home again king Chrijiephcr^ whom they had bani-
20 (hed, and let loofe his fon E>*/f«/, whom for his bad government with his fa-
ther they had imprifoned , biit fliortly after both the father and fob died.
Magnus x)[\e. king of S*e/^/4«^ redeemed Sc^«7^ from the'Holfatians for fe-
venty thoufand Marks of filver. Waldemar^ king Chrijiophen other fon, was i 2 2 ->.
declared king 5 but he was not as yet returned from the Emperours Courts
during which time, the Holfatians feifed upon 'jutia^ but their chief Comman- „
derswere in one night furprifed in their Garrifon, and murthered by the
l>anes : Upon this the new king Waldcmair returned home.
In the Low-Countries, ||^A« Duke of 5r<«/'4«/buyeth the Earldbrne of Nf-
tnonrs and Dutchy oiLimbttrg. The Earl o^Geldre next heir oppofcth. A war
30 followethjin which neer Colen^ the Earl is defeated, and taken prifoner, with
theBifllop ofColen^Adolph oflSIajffovia,znd Henry oi UtceWnrg. The Earl of Ge/-
<^re, npon renouncing of the Dukedome, isreleafed. Henry's fon married the
Duke oiBrabants daughter, and with her had the Earldome. Not long afterj
'^ohn was flain in Tornament.
Holland^ called by the Romans^ Batavia^ in the time o£ Charles the Great, was 1294,
over-run by the Danes'^ but about th\s time Flotentim the fifth was Earl of
that Province, who was treacheroufly murthei-ed by fome male-contents, as
he was Hawking, becaufe he had made a league with France^ to the prejudice
ofG«j'Earloff/rf«£/erj-,andtheKingof£«^/4«i^5 the murtherers cut off his
4° hands, and gave him two and twenty wounds. Before him were fixteen Earls,
the firft was Didericuf a good man, who ftoutly repreffed the Normati invafionj
to him fucceeded DzV/er/f«f the fecond,of whom no memorable aft is extant.
Arnolphtfs followed, who had long wars with the FriJIanders, in which he,
with the moft of his Nobility were flain. His ibrxDidericusoxthedoricus the
third fucceeded, who had wars with the Frijlanders ^ whom the Bilhop of , a^^
Vtricht aflifted againft the Earl, whom at laft he defeated. His fon Thedorktis ^ ^'
the fourth fucceeded ; he unwittingly killed the Biftiop oiCokns brother ^ in
revenge of which, the Earl being fled, two of the chief Nobility of Holland
were murthered by thofe ofColen : To requite this murther, the Earl burned
50 all the Ships oiColen and Leege which were then in Dort^^ and imprifoned the
Merchants : Upon this, the Enemy feife upon D<?r^; the Earl gets into the
Town in the dark , a doubtful skirmifh was fought, in which the Earl at laft
had the better^ but in the morning he was wounded by one of the enemies in
the thigh, and died within two dayes after. His brother Florentins the firft
fucceeded, againft whom the Bifliop of Colen and Leege^ with fome neigbour-
ing Priaces, raifed a great Army, feven and twenty thoufand of which were
drowned
i^i V:'he SecondTart of the Bqo k. V.
Jn.chrifti. drowned in the Ditches neerDort, and the reft flain by the Earls Forces :
.w^V^ After four years peace, his former enemies renew their Forces, and in-.,
vade HoUand zgaiQ , and were overthrown again ; Butwhilft the Eairl with
fome Troops were fecurely refrefhing themfelves neer the Mofe^Alrad hxothev
to the Duke o£ Lorain with frefh Forces falls upon the Earl, whom they killed
with two thoufand and fix hundred of his men. This murther was afterward
repaid by the Citizens o^ Dort^ who killed all the murtherers. The Earls
Widow Gcrtrudis, during his fons minority, for two years ruled the State. She
married Robert the Friflander^ fo called, becaufe he with his wife ruled Holland^
which was then called Frijia j this Robert was fon to Baldwin Earl o£ Flanders^ lO
againft whom William'^imo^oi'Otricht raifedawar, which ruined Ho&«^.
Henry the fourth Emperour beftowcd this Province upon William^ who to ob-
tain it the eafier, procured Godfrey (from his low ftature and crookednefs, cal-
led C?7/'/>er)DukeofLwWff,toaffifthim, who with a great Army overthrewt
the Hollanders^ and drove Robert with his wife and cjiildren into Flanckrs ^ fo
by the Bifliop olVtrichtfiodfrey was made Prote<5^or ofHol/and. After thisjhe
falls upon the Wejl-Frijlandcrs with fire and fword, and in a Battel kilk eight
thoufand of them ■-, but afterward, as he was on the clofe-ftoole at Antrverp^ he
was murthered^his death was Ihortly after accompanied with the Bi(hops,who
was a great Favourite oi Henry the^4. and an enemy to Heildebrand. Didericus iS
the fifth, fon to Florcntius^ being now of age, is affided by Robert Friflanderfind
the Flandrians^ to recover his Fathers Province : Him theBifliop ofVtricht op-
pofed with an Army,affifted by Ccnraduf the Stieve, whom the Emperbur had
1 0 Q 2. made Earl o( Holland j but they were both defeated by Didericus^zndfovced to
refign their claim to him the right owner. His fon Florentiits the fecond
fuccecded^a peaceable and juft Prince,who died in the prime of his years 5 to
whom fucceeded Didericus the fixth, who was forced by Henry the fifth to
hold Holland in Fee of the Empire : He aimed to be Earl ofFlanders^but miffed
of it. He twice fubdued the ^f^c//-Fr//?<i»^er/ ^ then his brother Florentius ta-
king part with Frifia, was the occafion of much blood-flied. At laft Lotharius 50
the Emperour reconciled the two brothers. Florentius afterward was mur-
ij^i thered. Diderims had fome controverfie with the f /<^«£/rw«/,about the Iflands
ofZeland, but he died before the controverfie was ended. To him fucceeded
Florentius the third, who married the daughterof He«ry Princeof^r*?^/^;?;^^
he had fomcconteftation with the Bifhop of Vtricht, but the Emperour Bar-
harojja reconciled them : He had wars alfo with the Yrijlans^ and did good
fervice under ^(irW/'^i, who by the H(?iK«Wfhips brake m upon Dantiata or
Telufiun:. Having ruled Holland three and thirty years, he died in the Holy-
S I 9 O. Warj and was buried neer Barbarojfa in Antioch^ whofe fon Theodoricus the
feventh fucceeded ^ He had wars with his brother William about Frijland-^ the 4«i
quarrel at laft was compofed, by affigning Eaji-Frijland to William : He had
wars alfo with Flanders^ and a controverfie with the Duke ofOeldrc about the
eleftionoftheBiftiopof'Z^^r/cA^5 the matter was referred to the Pope, who
made the Earl Protedor of the Biftioprick, till a new Bifliop was chofen. He
' had alfo wars with the Duke of Z,tfm», whofe woods he cut down and bur-
ned, and carried the Dukes brothers away prifbners ; but Lorain^, by the help
o( Colen, Limbnrg^ and Flanders^ fet upon the Earl of HoZ^^W, and took him
prifoner. In the mean while,the Bilhop oiVtricht fell upon Geldre and Holland
1203. with fire and fword s but Ihortly after, the Duke, the Earl, and the Bifliop
were made friends. Then the Earl died, having ruled Holland thirteen years '-, 50
to whom fucceeded his brother William, who was oppofedby the Earl of
Lojffen^ whom he defeated.Then underftanding that Malcolm King oi Scotland
tis Uncle was dead, and that he thought himfelf next Heir, repairs into Scot-
/tf»<^ with a great Fleet, where he found a party to joyn with him 5 but per-
ceiving what great oppofition he was like to have, and that the Earl oiLoJfen
had invaded Holland in his abfence, returns home, and drives out his enemy,
having
Chap.4. Hiflory of the Tf^orld. 153
having ruled nineteen years , he died , to whom fucceeded his fon Vloren- An.chrijii.
tins the fourth, he was father to William King of x}i\^ Romans^ and to -Mir- y^'-V-'
garet^ who had at one birth 365. children 5 he was imployed with the ^ ^ ^ 3*
Dukes of Brabant and Cleve^ by the Pope and Emperour, to fupprcfs the Hea-
then Idolatrie that was begun to fpread in thofe parts , He was killed in a
Torncament by ClareMontanus. To whom fucceeded William the fecond his
fon , being fix years old. His Protedor was Otho his Uncle Bifhop of "Z;- * 2 3 5;
tricht. The Earl on his wedding-day was like to be burned with his wife, for
the houfe took fire fuddenly, fo that it was burnt down, with divers in it, and
10 much Plate and Jewels. About twenty years of age, Vrederickjihc fecond be-
ing excommunicate, he accepts the Imperial Crown ^ he removed his Court
from Harlem to the Hague^ and built the Palace there : He had Wars with the
flandrtans about the Ifle Walacria of Zeland, which they claimed as their
Ifland •■> A battel is fought,in which the Flemings were overthrown, drowned
and flain. After this, Charles oiAnjou, brother to King Lercis of Francc^renews
the quarrel in behalf of the Flemings;, having received Hanonia as a reward
for his affiftances but William dxovQ him out thence, and then a peace is
made with F/^Wer/. After this, being at Vtricht, he is wounded in the head
■with a ftone which was flung at him, for the Frijtans^ and thofe of Vtricht ha-
20 ted him •-, and as he was making an Expedition againft the Frijlanders, who
had rebelkd, he and his horfe were both drowned, the ice breaking under
them 5 and being found, was cut in pieces by the Frijlanders : He had been 1256,
King of the Romans feven years. To him fucceeded Fbrentius the fifth ^ in his
minority were great troubles between Holland and ZHricht 5 as foon as he was
of age, he made an Expedition againft the Frijlanders in revenge of his fathers
death 5 thofe he fubdued 5 about which time many Towns of Frijland were t 2 g 7
drowned byan inundation : Then alfo was Ze/^w^/ united to Hb//^»ri by mar-
riage of C?«;' the Earl of Flanders daughter with Fbrentius : He was one of
thofe Competitors -wkhBalliol for the Cro^vn of Scotland, being defcended
50 from Jda wife to Florentius the third, and daughter of Henrji Prince of Scot-
land; but by the advice of King f^xp^r^ he fold his Title for a fumme of
mc«iey : he had wars with the Flemings^ and for making peace with France he
was murthercd (as was faid.) To him fucceeded John the firft his fon, whofe
protedion the Earl of Cleve undertook , but he was put out of this Office, by
^ohn Earl of Hannonia. About this time great troubles fell out between Hol-
land 2Lr\A Vtricht. MiddlehurgzXfo mZelandwas befieged by the Flandrians.
The young Earl of Holland having married King Edroards daughter of Eng-
Und^wzs much carried away by his Favourite Wolfardus^yvho caufed him to in-
fringe the Liberties of Dtfrf, upon which arofe a Civil War : Dort will not
■40 lofe her priviledges '■, therefore the Earl befiegeth it, but is beat off with lofs.
Wolfardus is fo hated by the people, that they hanged him by a long rope out
of a high window, where he was imprifoned, difgracefully abufing and
wounding his body. The Weji-friflanders being wearied with a continual 1298,
war, fubmitted to Helland, which overthrew their Caftles, and feifed upon
half their goods. After this, the Earl died, not without fufpition of poyfon,
to whom (becaufe he wanted iffue) fucceeded John of Hannonia^, fon of King
WiUiams fiftcr.
About this time the Stvitzers or Helvetians began to Cantonize themfelvesj
they for their good fervice in If^/j/ againft the Sarazens^ were permitted by
-Q the Pope and the Emperour Ludovic^^ fon to Charles the Great, to live after
their own Lawcs 5 which liberty they enjoyed till Italy and the neighbouring
Countries were diftrafted by the Gnelphs and Gibellines 5 then BarbaroJJ'a took
them into the proteftion of the Empire ; but when the Houfe of Atijiria be-
gan to opprefs them, and infringe their Laws, they revolted, and vindicated 1307.
their ancient Liberties, which they maintain to this day. The three Cantons
that firft revoltedj were ^»>77i& C whence all the reft arc called Stpitzers) Vry^
Ee and
if 4 The SecvM ^artofthe Bodk.V.
An.Chrijii. zndVnderval^ which with Lncerne^ Z«^^,and SokirH retain the CatholikeRc-
lyV^J ligion^ but Fr/^«rg, £rfj?/, Fer»w, ZwricA, and -?cA4j9^tf«z. are Calvinifts 3 the o-
ther two, G/^rAr and Jppentzel profefs both Religions.
C H A p. V.
I. The of jirrcf Germ?.r)y Hnder Adolphus , Albertus, Henry the /event h^iQ
^«i^Ludovic<?/ Bavaria. 2. ihe affairs <?/ Sicily, Naples, Florence, Rome,
and Millain, and other parts of Italy, with the adjacent CDttntfies, frcm the year
129S. till 1347.
^
Dolphiis o^Najfovia^KmCman to Gerhard Bifhop o£Ment'^.}s by his means
declared Em pcrour: Count rj/rf//«e ftood for Albertus o^ Jiijiria^hnt
^could not prevail,and was hated for this ever after by the Biihops Fadi-
on, whofe creature Adolphus was ^ he toftrengthen himfelf in the Empire,de-
fires to marry his Ton to Albertus the Aujinan, which motion is rejcded 5 ^o
whereupon a war is railed between ^^c/pflwi" and Albertus^ both for this re-
pulfe, and becaufe the Emperourhad bought the Principality o/l ihuringia.
with the money which he received of King Edward oi England^ upon hope
that he would affift him and Guy o^ Flanders againft the French 5 but he
failed both^ wherefore both (having made, peace with the French) became
his enemies. The German Princes fcorned that their Emperor (hould become
a mercenary Souldicr to the Englifi Kingdome^ and the Thuringians ftormed
that they (hould be bought and fold. Albertus ofAuJiria (hewed that he had
reafon to ferve the French, if the Emperour would abafe himfelf to ferve the
Ettglifi : Hereupon forces are ralfed againft Adolphuf, whom the fame Bifhop go
oiMenfz, that made him Empcrour, depofeth, and fetteth up againft him
Mhert o^Aujiria^ with whom tlie Princes joy.n 5 onely the Duke of Bavaria^
and Rodolp bus Count Palatine, whowas(on-in-lawto Adolphuf, adhered to
I 2 Q 8. him. Neer Spira the battel js fought ^ Adolf hus too haftily with his Horfe,
before the Foot came up, fell upon the Au(bian3, who had the advantage of
the ground and Sun 5 The Adolphians are defeated, and Adolphus himfelf
wounded in the eye, andbeat down from his horfe, whom as he was riling
again from the ground, Albertus runs into the neck, and kills him, the eighth
year of his Empire ^ he was buried at Spire.
Pope Boniface the eighth , who fpeaking through a long Cane in the wall, ^o
had made Celejiine lay down his Pontificat, endeavoured to make peace be-
itween theFrench and Arragonians,perfwadingjf4WCJ to reftore Sicily to Charts
•the Lame 5 but Frederick^,, brother to ^ames^ came in the interim with a Fleet
from Spaiff'mto Sicily, and is faluted King by the people. When J^iww was
dead, Robert, fon to Charles the Lame, came over into Sicily, and took Catana ;
^butthe5/f//w»/,whofavouredthe Spaniards V!\oxcth.&\l\\Q French^ in a Sea-
'light defeat Thilip, the brother of Robert, whom they took and ijmprifoned.
Fro/er/c^. recovers in a (hort time both Sicily Stn^ Calabria m Fktrtiria, The
Gennois were fo incenfed againft the Pifans, that they funk great fliips in the
mouth of the River, to hinder their Navigation ; About which time , there -^
were fuch fearful Earth-quakes, that the Pope being at Mafs, was forced to
IgiveofF, andrun out of the Church into afmall Cottage, fearing the earth
would open ; then alfo appeared a Comet. The Gibellines and Guelphs now
raged in Italj/^ but under new names, of White and Blacky the Gibellines were
named White, whom the Florentines drove out ofthpr City, "wittiDaates
the Poet. The Pope, to be out of danger, removed liis Seat to Avenion
in
Chap.5. Hifiory of the TForld. i^^
in frrfwrf, which C/ewewUhefixth bought^ the /^^/m^ affairs he committed to ^».C/>r;7?r,
the care of three Cardinals; the Popes abode in fr^«« was feventy years in '-*'~V^v.»
which time divers Schifmes were in the Churchjthe//^^/7^«j choolingaPopeof
their Nation, and the Fre«r/j of theirs. This time the Iialians called the feven-
ty years Captivity o^ Babel,
^ibertus having flain Adolphus^ is made Emperour 5 fuch was the concourfe
of people to fee him , that the Duke o^ Saxonyw^t fqueczed to death with
the prefs. He reconciled himfelf with OttoY^vks of Bavaria^ whofe Unkle he
hadkilled: But this friendlhip lafted not long, for 0//^ being cal'ed to be
10 King of Hungary fell upon Syria-^ but (hortly after. Otto is by the HiMgarjans
banifhed. /ilbertus delires to be confirmed by the Pope in his Empire which
Boniface refufcd to do , fhewing by the Crown on his head , and the fword by
his fide, that he was both Pope and Emperour himfelf; yet fhortly after in ha-
tred of Philip theFair,he declared him Emperor,and withall conferred on him
the title of France: but Philip to elude the Popes fury5beftovved in marriage his
daughter Blanca upon Ralph Alberts Sonithis^/it-r/ made his Son Ralph King of
Bohemia^WenccJIaus the feventh being in a tumult flain in Moravia-^ but Ralph in
the very beginning of his Reign,was murthered in his chamber^Wc^r; Duke of
Carinthia, and Son in law to If'encejlaus tht fi-ath, having feizcd on the King-
20 dome, notwithftandingthat Frederic^ Alberts other Son was elcded King by
the Peers. Albert hzd wzrswhb Qtto of 'Bavaria ^ whom Conradus Blihop of
Salt s burg affified^^nd withall fo endangered the Emperors life with a poyfoned
cup, that had he not vomited prefently, he had dyed ; yet he never
throughly recovered. Afterward the fame Emperor was flain, and cut in
peeces by means of the Duke of Carinthia , whilft Albert was making war
zgdxnfiFrederickof Myfia^ which Country he aimed at, as being a convenient
inlet to Bohemia. This Fredenckw'X'a Son to Albert Earle of Ihnringia a wicked
man, who would have murthered his wife, daughter to Frederick thefecond,
Empetorjbeing animated thereto by a harlot whom he doted on: Alberts Lady
BO fled to fave her life, and as fhe kifTed her Son Frederick, in her flight, whom fhe
bore to this Albert^ in her paffion flie bit his cheek, the mark whereof he ftill
retained. D/efr/c^;* Marquefs of Myfia, Alberts brother, commiferating this
difconfolate Lady, gave her entertainment , and made her Son Frederick, his
heir to Myjia^ at which Albert the Father ftormed,and caufed this his Son to be
imprifoned a whole year, till by the favour of his Keepers who pitied his cafe,
he was let go. After this his Father Albert dyed miferably. Frederick, fubdued
all his enemies at lafV, and among the reft Albert the Emperor, and fo obtained
both the Earldome of Thuringia, and the Marquifat of Myjia. The Emperor
v/as fet uponfirftby ^^Aw his brothers Son, whom he had removed for his
4°loofelife from the government of Suevia. This John gave the firft blow,
thrufting his Dagger in the Emperors throat; after him came others who clave
his head in the middle, and others gave him divers wounds in the breaft ; he
dyed the tenth year of his Empire. 1 3 0 84
Albertus being dead , Philip the Fair of France Was now in hope to be Em"
peror, having the Pope within his Dominions; wherefore by his brother
Charles Valoife^ he raifeth an Army : but the Pope confidering how dangerous
the tranflation of the Empire might prove to the //4/m« Princes , fends fe-
cretly to the feven Elcdors to haften the eledtion of a German Emperor, which
was done accordingly; and Henry FjaxX of Lucelburg was chofen upon the com*
50 mendations of his brother haldjmn Archbifhopof 7'r^f^er/; the Pope by his
Legats declares him Emperor, conditionally that within two years he would
repair to Italy , and there compofe the long differences with which it was al-
mofl ruined : he to that purpofe fets himfelf, but firfl refolves to fettle
Certnany ; therefore he confirms Frederick, the Sonne of Albert in his
polTeffion of Aujiria , conditionally that he would refign his right in
Bohemia^ which when he had aflented to, the Emperor by confcnt of the
Ee 2 Ele(Sk)rs .
z^6 The Second Tan of the Book. V.
An.Chrijii. Eledors, depofed Henrj the Carinthiatt, and made his own fon ^^^ K.ing , by
^^<^^V^ marrying him to Elizabeth the daughter of Wencejlaus the cldcft, and neecc to
Rdfh the Emperor. Henry after this , compofed the wars of Mypa or Myjin4^
fo that FrederickShonXd content himfelf with Ihuringia and Mjj/w, and (hould
leave the lower Lufatia to the Bohemians : fo Germany being quieted, he raifeth
an Army for Italy^ but firft he performs the Funeral ceremonies to Albert and
Jdolph^ whofe bodies he tranflated to Spire, and declared all thofe to be
Traitors who had a hand in the murther of Albert, all which dycdmi-
fcrably.
In Italy moft of the Cifalpin Cities had changed their Governours 5 the Sca^ 10
tigers had feifed on Verrottn , the Vajjerins on Mantua , the Carrarianson Padua,
the Venetians on Ferrara^ and the Florentines on Fijlorium'-, in M/Zi'^mthe Jurri-
ans chief of the Cnelphs under G«7<^<? had fupprelfed the GibeUins, and driven
cut thence M4^f/>cn' the Vifcount , whocomplains to the Emperor , being on
his march towards Mil/ain, he reftorcs them both to their ancient patrimony
and fets the City at liberty ; but bccaufe Iknry placed Mattherv on his right
hand, and Gttido on his left , as he was going to receive his iron Crown , Guida
raifeth a tumult in the City which had indangcred the Emperor, but that
Matthevp fuddenly raifed all his friends , and by the help of the German forces
fell upon the Turrians^ and drove them out of the City 5 the charge of which 20
was folely committed to Matthew. Cremona , Vhacenz>a , Tarma , Tapia, and
Brixiunt, who favoured the Guelphs, were reduced by C^far, to whom the Crc
monians with ropes about their necks acknowledged their fault, and paid their
Fine. Erixittm alfo was punifhed with a muld, and demolition of their walls^
and one Theobald who had caufcd them to rebel , was torn in peeces by
horfes.
I<?/;fW<^ and other places being fetled, H^«ry goeth for Ge»«^ , and from
thence by Sea to /'//>, the Army he fent by land towards RonK, where the two
families of the Vrjini and Cohmni for three months together skirmilhed daily,
that the ftreets ran with blood, Robert King of Apulia fon to Charles the lame, 5®
aided the Vrjins againft the Gibeliins who ftood for C^tfar , and ftrove to keep
him out of the City, but the CoUimni prevailed and brought him in, where he
was crowned the third time with much difficulty and reluftancy of the Car-
^ * dinal Legats. C£far after his Coronation made haftcout of that turbulent
City, and fual to the Germ.m Emperors : he made a League with Fredericks of
Sicily, who then had war with Robert of Apulia : the Florentines with the Bo-
nonians^F crrar/ans^^nd other Cities, held out againft the Emperor, who burned
their fields and provifion , that they might for want be forced to yeeld the
fooner : He fummoneth Robert to appear and anfwer to his accufations,but he
refiifed to come, and fo is condemned of Treafon and Rebellion,his Arms are 40
torn,and his right and name of Ring taken away. This fentence Pope CleMent
ihortly after repealed , as may be fecn in his Conftitutions called Clementines,
fet forth by his fucceflbr ']ohn the 2 3. Henry having laid fiege to Florence, and
preparing to go againft Robert upon the invitation of the Neapolitans, is poy-
ifoned by one 'Bernard a predicant Friar , being hired thereto by the Floren-
tines ^ the murtherer,who poyfoned the cupjl, or as fome fay the Sacramental
' 3 1 3' bread, was flia'd al ive. Henries body two years after his death was tranflated to
rif£: the Florentines in thee battels were defeated by the Pijans, who ftood for
C£jar3indiheGibel/ins-^ wherefore the Legats and King K'^/'er?, offended at
this fuccefs, give their afliftance to the CweZ/^A/, whofe Army Matthew Vifcount 5©
of Millain defeated : Hereupon he is excommunicated by Vafco the Cardinal,
and Legate to the Pope^ yet his fons had good fuccefs againft the Guelphs, not-
withftanding the aid they had of the Neapolitans under Robert, of the
French under Fhilip Valoife, and of the Germans under Henry Duke of
httjiria.
John aftcr.his fathers death raifed an Army, and confirmed the CaEftrian
forces
Chap. "j. Bifiory of the Jf^orld, 2.^7
iotcci in Italy : He enlarged alfo Bohepfiaby the addiWon of LMfat/a, and z Au.ChriJih
great part of Silejia--y which Country lying between Poland and Bohemia, fell ^-'''V^-*
off from both, and made rhemfelves free , but having abufed their freedome
with inteftine broils, the Bohemians fubdued them : This John was afterward
killed in the battel of Crefs^^in which Were flain alfo Charles Valoife^md thirty
thoufand French.
After the death of Henry the feventb, the Empire wanted an head Fourteen
inonths,becaufe of the rent among the Eleftors, for the Bifliop ofMentz. and of
Trevers^ with the Marquefs of Y>randenbnrg ftood for Ludovic of Bavaria j but ' 3 I ^'•
lO the Biftiop of Colen^ the Pal/grave^ and Duke of Saxony^ were for Frederick^ of
Aufirja : both were crowned, Ludovic at Aix the ordinary place, by the Bifliop
^iMentz, zndTrevers^ whofe dficc was not to confecrate^ Frcdericl^^athonnoa
which was not the ordinary place of Coronation, by the Biihop of Cokn
whofe charge it was to confecrate the elefted Emperor : the King of Eohemia
with his caiting voice, conferred the right title on Ludovic ^ yet to avoid jars.
theEleftors, by the Popes advice, were content that both fliouldbe called
Emperors, and both equally rule together, as of old, M. Antonius and L.Vems
Valentirtian and Valens , Gratian and iheodojim^ with many others , reigned to-
gether as Colleagues. Ludovic thruft his brother Rdph the Pa/J grave out of his
20 inheritance, becaufe he preferred Frederick, to him 5 This Ralph afterwards
dyed in England. But thefe two Emperors could not agree; Germany is divided
into two faftions, which laft eight years 5 thefe troubles were prcfagedby i
Cometjand accompanied with famine and mortality ; five feveral battels were
fought, the two greateft were, that at FJimg in Stievia^ which was befieged by
Frederick for adhering to Ludovic 5 in this conflidt many of the Nobility were
flain and taken on both fides, for the victory inclined to neither, however the
Cegc was raifed. The other great battel was fought near Muldorffe in Bavaria
which Frederick, had invaded with ten thoufand Hungarians , and twenty ' 3 ^ ^»
thoufand Anjirrans : Ludovic meets him with theftrengthof B<?/&ew//z, and
QQ the neighbouring parts; great (laughter is commicted on both fides; at laft the
Hungarians are forced to give gi ound^ and though the kujirian horfe held out
a whUe longer, yet they yeeld at length % Frederick, with his brother Henry are
taken prifoners; three years was this Emperor detained a prifonerj, then was
fet at liberty , conditionally that he would be content with the bare title of
Emperor whilft he lived, l)Utfliouldnotnot meddle with the Government,
nor enter into //^*?/j' : Seven years after he dyed , his brother was releafed by
reftoring of fome Towns and Forts in Moravid^ which in this War the A«^
firians had taken from the Bohemians.
khet this \\dioxy o^ Ludovic , Pope jftfA«tbe22. ot 23. accufeth him for
AD aiding Gakacius oiMillain againft the Guelphs^ and for exercifing his Emperial
right without the Popes confirmation 5 his anfwer was, thatus foon as he was
cjkfted, he was to adminifter juftice , and to defend Galeacius , who had a juft
caufc^ upon this Ludovic is condemned by the Pope as an heretick , and the
fentence declared againft him at hvenion^ for maintaining that thePope was
not to meddle with fecular affairs. Leofoldus brother to Frederick.^ who came ,
not in time to aid him, doth much hurt in hlfatia and Helvetia , afterward he
became mad and dyed. jf<?A«King oiBohema^ and cW/er King o£ Hungary^'
with Otto Fredericks other brother over-run Aujiria , ftiortly after Otto dyed,
and fo did Frederick,^ being confumed by a Love-potion. Four years after the i^^bi,
50 viftory, Ludovic marcheth into Italy to eftablifti the Gibel/in f&^kion , the chief
of which were G4/e4C7«f and his four brothers, John^ Mark, Luchin, and
Steven,V\{ccnints of'Millainjthe fons cfMattherp. Galeacius had taken Placenza
irom klhertus Septus : upon this. King Rxfbert ^the Pope , and the Florentines^
who had be«imclefted by Cd/irxf/Kx, a great friend of the Galeacii^ entred
into a League, with whom the French King joyned, in hatred to the Emperor,
to re-eftabliih the Gttelphs in I/^//|the Qihilins underftanding that ?hilif Valois
258 "The Second Tart of the Book. V*
Jn.Chriflr. and his Confederates were raifing Forces againft them , they befeech the Em-
.WV^W peror to haften into Italy , who did fo 5 he was met at Verona by Mark , who
complained ofhis brother Ga/t'jc/*y J that he did aflume the fole command
over Milain, infringing their liberties. This accufation Ltidovic put off, till a
more convenient time : in the interim he goeth to Milam , where he is pom-
poully received by Galeae/ uf^and in the Church ofS.AmbroJe receives his Iron-
crown from the Bilhop oi AretmagxcsxGibeUine. Here was prefent at that
time Cairn Scaliger, with a thoufand Horfe and fome Foot-companies , to wait
on the Emperor; who having heard bis accufation and iT/^^r^-r againft Gale-
acius, underftandingalfothatthei^/;Z/4«<7^' would pay his Army, if their Re- 10
publike might be freCjand having intercepted fome Letters oiGaleacius enter-
taining Correfpondency with the Pope, he puts him with Ltichin and 'johrrhxs
brothers, his fon Actiu^^ and fome others in clofe prifon ; Then were chofen
four and twenty men out of every Tribe or Ward to rule the Commonwealth.
And fo having left iW(?«//i'r/^^?»'/ with fome German forces to guard the City,
la^/otvV pafleth into Hetruria^ and fo to Rome, where he complains to the
Cardinals and Senate of the wrongs done him by Pope "John 7.2. withall he
makes one Feter C<?r^<lr/»a• a Francifcan, Antipope, by whom he and his wife
1328. Margaret Lady of Holland and Frijland, are crowned in the Vatican. But no
fooner had Ludov/c left the City, when this poor Antipope ( called now Nico- 20
lauf 5.) is by Boniface Earl of Prfa apprehended, laid in irons, andfenttothe
Pope at Av'enion^ where he ended his dayes in mifery.
About this time the Emperor takes Cajirutius Duke of Luca out of prifon,
and beftows honours on him -^ r.t whofe requcft the Vicounts are reftored.
But all this could not fecurethe Emperor in Italy-^ for he found them, upon
the Popes difpleafure, to fall from him 5 befides, iiowe had received King
Robert o^ Naples ^ his forces in Oermanyvjtxc defeated, the CattidiX\d. Saxons
had revolted ;^ And fearing an Italian fig or pill, makes hafte away into C?e»"-
7>tany-y where having aflembled the Peers, he makes confefsion of his faith, as
he had done at Ro»/e before the Cardinals , and complains of the Popes inju- 30
ftice and tyrannic, defiring the continuance of their allegiance to him: withall
he ufeth the beft means he could to be reconciled to Pope BenediQ the ninths
j/o/j»rfuccelfor; whofenthim word, that he could not abfolvehim, being
hindered by the Kings of frtnce and Naples. Ludovic^ to be revenged on
the French king, who follicited the Pope to make him Lieutenant of //^t/;',
joins himfelf in league to King Edward of England^ to the great prejudice of
France, which was wafted by their forces. Wherefore the French King cun-
ningly got the Emperors wife to take him off" from the EngliJIo , afturing him
by oath and promife that he would reconcile him to the Pope , which he did
not : He procured alfo lohn King of Bohemia to forfake him, who with a great 40
Army enters Ita^ pretending that he went to fettle the troubles of Lombardy^
where the Lieutenants or VicouQts of thofe cities which Uidovtc had left to
their governmenr, ftrove for the dominion of them. King /*/j« fuddenly fei-
feth upon Brixia, Cremcna^ Fapia, and divers other cities 5 whereupon the
Cttelphs and Gibellmes (being affrighted at this fuccefle, and fearing left Philip
Valojs and the Pope had confpired with King lohn to fubdue all the Italian
cities, and to divide the dominion amongft them) of long enemies became
now fi iends,and enter into league againft lohn^ whom they defeated at Ferrara
and drove him out of Italy 5 yet he retained Farma^Rsgium^ and M«/i»4, which
he comnutted to his Son Charles. 50
Ludov/c having conferred the Dukedome of Corinihia upon the Auflrian^
which King John hoped ftiould have been given to his f n in right of his wife,
the daughter of Henry of Car/nthia ; he declares himfelf an open enemy to
Ludov/c^ and joyns with France^ where he loft his life. Pope Cletnent the fixth
wht) fucceeded Bened/Sf^ renews the fentence of Excommunication, delivered
by Pope John againft Ludov/c, and urges the Eleftors to choofe another Em-
perour.
Chap.^. tiipory x)f tl>e World. v^^^
perour, and becaufc theBlflio^ of i/^rt/i Wouldnot call the Princes toge- An.Chrijir
therfbranew Elettion, neisfirifl: ekcbtnrtiuhicated, and then depofed, and ♦"i<"v>N»
another Bifliop put in his place 5 but the Eleftor oiTrevtrs^ who had been Lii~
dovtckf chiefCounfellbr and fupportef, fell off from him, and encouraged
C^4r/e/ Prince ofiS<?Ae/WM to undertake tne Empire: The like did the Duke
oi Saxon. The neWBilhop ofMentz aflembleth the Princes. CharU-s Marquefs
oiMoravia (whofe Font-name was If-'enceJ/dtis^ but afterward called Charles by
Charles the FrenchKing, who had ri^hrried this Bohemians AuntJ) King Johns
fon is eleded, and is conveyed to Jix to be crowned ; but the City denied
to him entrance 5 wherefore he is, by the Biftiop of Ctf/(?>/, crowned at Bonua^ a
Town upon the i{i>i«e ncer Colen : Notwithftanding'that Ltulovic^ by con-
feffion of his faith, had refelled the Herefies objefted againft him, and had
ftraightly charged, upon pain of profcription, that none fhould obey the
Popes Orders, nor leave off performing of Divine Service^ becaufe of his Ex-
communications. The French King did labour to reconcile the Pope and
Emperour, but in vain 5 for the Pope would notabfolvc him, except he
would openly confefshisHereficSj,refign his Imperial Crown, and hold it of
him 5 which Lndovic refufed, affirming, that though he had his Confecration
from the Pope,yet the right of the Empire was not in him^ but in the Eledors:,
ao but Ludovic died the next year after this new Eled:ion, by a fall from his horfe
as he was hunting,or rathet by poifon,whiCh he could not vomit upjiherefore
he thought by riding and agitation of his body to difpel it 5 but the poifon 1347;
was fo ftrong) that it put him into a Convulfion fir, in which he fell from his
horfe. He reigned 30. fome {ay 35. years ^ his wife JlJurgaret^ daughter to
TViI/ia//ttheth\rdo£ Hal/and, went to take pofleffionof that Province fallen
to her by the death of her brother IViUtafft the fourth, killed by the Frif-
lunders.
About this tittieJ the Florentines being oppreffed by C^ftt^irtnis and their
own civil difcords, yielded thcmfelves to C harks Duke of CaUbria^ fon to Ro-
30 bertKlngoi Naples. Lndovic Gonzag.t invaded the Dominion of At.intHj^ ha-
ving killed PajJ'eriniis Lord thereof. Cains' Scaliger^ Lord o^Veron.i^ having ta-
ken in Padua, and TarviJfuM, from the Carrarii^ died, whofe fon Majiinus fuc-
Geeded. Cakacius alfo died with grief, having loft his fathers Principality by
Cajiruti/ff Uukc of Luca^zndLovd o{ Pifa and Pijioriu/ff^ whom the Pope ex-
communicated, as he was riding in triumph into Lnca for his Vidory over Pi~
fiorium^ updii which he died with grief^ and his children ftript of their inheri-
"tance by th.t femperour, who had for Cajirutius fake incurred the Popes dif-
pleaftire. Majiittus Scaliger to his fathers inheritance added Vicetia.^ Lrjxia^
Eergomts^Parma^andLuU^ind aimed aKoat Venice, which was his undoings
4'^ for the Venetians tookftomhim Padna and Tarvijfitm. Lui: hi nits the Vicount
ftript him ofSrixia and Bergomns. Benedidf the eleventh fends his Legat to pa-
cific the tuihulfs in Kw/e, where by his command F/'4«c;x Petraichthe Poet is
carried in pomp to the Capitolj and there crowned with E^yes. He confirmes
Scaltgerwith the other Princes in their late purchafed Dominions / but a dan-
gerous war afofe between the Florentines andPifans^ in which Florence was
like to be-furprifed by Valter Duke oi Athens, who was fent by Robert King of
Uafks to affift them ^ for he undertaking to fettle things, was made Protet^or
bytheRepublike, buthemad^himfelf abfoluteLord^ whereupon the Bi-
(hop of Florence raifeth the people againft him, who both drove hm out of
'50 the City, and the Nobility with hiiti. ,1
' The Kingdoihe o^Naples at this time was in great trouble ^ for King Robert ^ 3 4 4-'
the fon of cA^r/w theLairfie, dying without iffue male, iTtarrieth his Neece
5o-«»byhis {on Charles^ who was dead, to ^»<^r(?iP King Charles of Hmgaries
youngeftfon, and makes him his Succeffor^ but he not being able to fat isfie
har uniTatiable luft, was by her means ftrangled, and then marricth with Ludo-
Vic the Prince ofrarentumsion^ and her Coufin-german, who had more right
to
x6o 'The SecondTartofthe\ Book. V.
Jft.chrijiu to the Kingdome then the other. Hereupon hudovic K^ofHungarji, to revenge
w^v^^w his brother Andrews death, marcheth into Jpulia with a great Army, at vvhofc
approach Lndovjc with his inceftuous wife and parricide fled ^ and fp he fei-
fed on the Kingdome. Shortly after, the H««^<zm» having kx\c^ Naples ^ re-
turns home. The Tarentine with his wife^being in Marjtks^repan to the Pope;
at kvinion^ who buyes this City of them, and re-eftabhfh them in the king-
dome. Not long after the Tarentine dieth, and his wife marrieth with James
the Arragonian, Duke of Calabria^ whom flie within a while cafts oft, and
marrieth with Otto o[B>rioij'ivic, and adopts Levpis o^Anjon, brother to Charles
the fifth o£ France^ fon of king John. Pope Vrban the fixth being offended at lo
the levity of this woman, invites hudovic oi Hungary to repoflefs N4p/e/,which
he refufed, becaufe of his age 5 but fends Charles the fon of Lewis of Dyrrachi-
iim^ and husband to Af^r^^^T^, J^^w/fifter, who fuddenly enters Italy before
Anjou was ready,defeats Otto oiBrunfwicki and imprifons him ; and Joan^ who
had yielded her felf, by his command is ftifled with a pillow held on her face.
'Three years after Otto efcapcd out of prifon, and recovers Naples j but fliortly
after died. Lewis o( Anjoii^ by thchelp of Clement the feventh, raifcd 30CCO.
men, with which he makes war againftC/>j>7ej two years together, takes in
larenttinr^ with feme other places, and was like to carry the whole kingdome j
but being poifoned by a draught of infefted water, died; and fo the Army, 20
and withall the kit gdome fell to Charles without blood-fhed, who fliortly af-
ter is called back into Hungary againft SigifmHnd, where he is treacheroufly
killed by the Queen widow. His fon Ladijiaus took Rome twice, being divi-
ded into fa(Si:ions. Againft him, Alexander the fifth, and the Florentines call in
Lewis o{ Anjou J fon to the former, who defeats Li«^///^«/j but afterward .^»-
jou was worfted, and the Florentines forced to make peace on difadvantagious
tcarms. L^^:////^;// is poifoned at iifwe 5 to him fucceeded his fiftcr J<'^» in the
kingdome, who adopted Alphonjus^km^ Ferdinands fon oiArragon^ and after-
ward dif- inherited him,(he promifeth the kingdome to Lewis of /4»/^»,grand-
child to the firft Lewis : Hereupon a war is raifed between Alphonjus and 30
Leifis^ in which Alphonfus at laft got the vidory, and left the pofleffion of the '
kingdome to his bafe fon Ferdinand. Lewis^ by Joans confent,^ makes his broi-
ther Renatus Heir to the Crown , but ftie dying,hc loft his right. His fon John
was defeated at Troy. Renatus the father conferred his right upon. his brother
Charles his (on, who was onelyleft alive of the ftockof Anjou -^ he left his
right by will to Lewis the 11. o£ France. C harks the eighth, the fon of
Lewis , by claiming his Right, occafioned great wars between Arragon and
France.
Rome, in the Popes abfcnce, is torn in funder by the Columnii and Vrjlni.
One Nicholaus a Scrivener did \o infinuate himfelf into the foolifti multitude, 40
by his wit, that he made them beleeve they might recover the Cities ancient
Monarchy, by adhering to him ; whereupon he took upon him the Titles of
Augujius^ Severus^znd Clemens , then feifeth upon the Capitol •-, multitudes both
of the City, and abroad, adhere to him : he fends his Edids to the Italian
Princes to fubmit themfelves to him , he fends to the Pope to repair into the
City within the prefixed time of a year, or elfe to lofe his Pontifical ; he' com-
mands the feven Eleftors, and other Princes of Germany to wait on, him,or elfe
he would proceed againft their contumacy ; but the next year this fliort-lived
Emperour was by the Popes forces driven out of K<7/»e and Italy, apd after-
ward being apprehended, was fent in chaines to the Pope. About this time 50
the Peftilence foraged through Europe, that it fwept away the ttiirif part of
mankind : The Jews were accufed and burned for infefting the^prin^s^
Chap. (5. Hifiory of the World. 1^7
Chap. VI.
Jn.Chrifii.
I. 7he Eajieru Affairs under the Palaeologi. 2. A brief Hijiory of the Tiirk?,
til/ the year 141 a. 5. TAe^r/i;/H//?<7ric/>/ Sweden, Denmark 4»<^ Norway,/;/^
the fame year 141 2.
AFter the death oi AndronicHsfenior the {on o^ Michael, the Valaalogi be- 133 2.
lb
gan to reign at Byzantium, which race continued 121. years. Androni-
■^ -^cuf junior having (as is already faid)depofed his Grandfather, reigned - ^
eight years, and left John Cantacuzenus Tutor to his two fons, ']ohn FaUologus ' 3 3
and Manml. Sixteen years after Cantacuzenus was driven out, and John TaU-^
ologus reigned leven and twenty years, whofe fucccflbr was Mamtel 5 he riile(^
fodr and thirty years, to whom fuceeded his fon John feven and twenty years^
whofe Succeflor was Conjiantine the eighth and laft, for in the eight year of
his reign C<7»^4«f7»<7p/e was taken by the 7«r4r.
20 Cantacuzenur, for his ambition in aiming at the Empire, is banifhed^ vvhere^
upon he railed an Army, with which he vexed jftfA»,and his Mother a widow,
five years together 5 at laft took Byzantium by treachery, and made himfelf
Emperour, and ']ohn his Colleague, on whom he beftowed his daughter in
marriage ; but he difliking his father-in-law's greatnefs, fled to Teftedos to
raife Forces againft him^ and procured Francis Catalufcus the Genuan to aflift
him, for whofe fervice he gave him the Ifle Lesbos with Mitykne, which his 3 5 4»
pofterity held till Mahnmet the fecond. Cantacuzenus in the interim enters
into league with the Venetians, Catalanians, and King of Sicily againft the
Genuois. A war is begun, the Gc»»wV in a Sea-fight at Scutari^ between By-
20 zantiumdindchalcedonj get the Viftory, under ^arw Admiral of their Fleet 5
but the next year the Genuois at Corjica are overthrown by rifanus the Venetian.
who funk one and forty of their Gallies. After this Aitna renewes his Fleet,
and fights rifanus necr reloponnefus,defeats and takes him prifoner with 5000.
more, whom he carrieth in triumph into Gewa^?. Upon this Cantacuzenus re-
mits the Empire to his eldeft fon Andronicur, and fhuts himfelf up in a Mona-
ftery. His youngeft fon Manuel he makes Defpot, and Governour of Sparta in
Laconia: His daughter he had married before to OrchanesthQ Turkj^ but An^
dronicus is driven out of his Empire by PaUohgus, and flies to Rhodes, hoping
to finde affiftance of the great Mafter ; but failing of this he repaires to
40 his brother at Veloponnefus , where he fpent the reft of his life in pri-
vate.
John having obtained the Empire, or (hadowof it rather, went to Italy
for affiftance, but being flighted there, returns to Byzantium and feeing he
could not maintain himfelf againft the Bulgarian and Servian Forces in
Armes againft him, he makes a league with Amurathes, to whofe proteftion
hebo?hfubmits himfelf and Kingdome, promifinga yearly tribute, for the
payment whereof he delivers his youngeft fon iheodorus as hoftage : By this
means the Greek Emperours became Vaflals to the Turk. John, in his
abfence had made his eldeft fonne Andronicus Governour of the Em-
^Q pire; and his other fonne Emanuel, Ruler of Tbejffalonica, Andronicus was
accufed of Treafon , as if he had confpired with Amurathes his fonne to kill
the Emperour; therefore with fcalding Vinegar his eyes were put out.
Bajazet fent Theodorus into Peloponnefus , having put the Cantacuzeni to
death. Blinde Andronicus, having recovered a little fight, complains of
his father and brother to Bajazet , who thruft both the Father and the
fonne into a dark Dungeon, and conferred the Empire on Andronicus^
F f but
z62i: The Second Tan of the Book. V*.
^».C/ir/^/. but three years after Emanuel efcaped outof prifon, and by the hclpof B<i-
L/'Y^W jaz^et thruft him from his government , and fent him bound with his fon Johtt
to the Turks Court.
Emanttel having profFerred a yearly tribute of three millions of Crowns
to ^ajazet^ obtaines the Kingdome , he is enjoyned to deliver up ThiUddphia
which had been divers times befieged in vaiujto give hoftages^and to bind him-
felf by oath to aid the Jjtrks with Auxiliaries upon all occafions. But notlotig
after, johtt the fon of Andronicm accufcth his Uncle to '^ajazet , : and alienates
him lb from Emmiiel^ that be befieged Bjz.'W?/«w,and feeing he could not take
it by force^refolves to gain it by fiuninejbut the fudden breaking in oiUmsrlan jq
the Scythian^ diverted him from his enterprife. Emanuel intending for ilw/y
toprocuremenand money of the Latine Princes againft the Turks ^ lq-aV€S
^ohn the fon o^ Anclronuitf governour of the Kingdome in his abfence^
'^ "• ^ for he was now out of the lurks favour, for complying fecretly with his
brother : ibeodorus, the other brother, fearing left J5^y<i£-e^ would havetaken
Ejizantjiim , when he lay before it , fold j4rgos and Nauplium to the Venetians^
and Sparta to the Rhodians -^ But the Turks afterward deftroyed Jrgosy and
Sparta returned to the FaL-cologi. This Emanuel had feven fons , by his Tnrkjfi
wife, widow to the King of Trapezuntum t^ John hisfucceilbur, Andronicus
governour o£ Thejjahn/a, which he after fold to the Venetians ^ and fo in 20
Teloponefus obtained UlantitKCa of his brothers^ His third fon was Alichael-^
the fourth l/jc(7^/or«j Prince of Teloponefus^ he ftrove with his brother John
for the Empire, choofing Amurathes for Arbitrator :, the fifth Demetrius^ He
took from the Albans rdoponnefus by the Turks help , for which he paid a
yearly tribute of fifteen thoufand Crowns, at laft he yeelded himfelf and
Sparta to Alahumct --y The fixth Thomas, who after Byzantium was taken ,
and relopouncfus lofr, lived obfcurcly in Rome 5 The fevcnth Cofifiantim^ fuc-
ceeded 'john in the Empire.
About thefe times Greece was torn in pceces by the Venetians^ Cenmis^
Neapolitans^ Spaniat^s^ Bulgarians , and Servians^ or Tribal/ians ^ everyone of 3 3
thefe fnatching away a (hare of that wretched Country , not long after the Ve-
netians \o(i^thens to Antonius the fon o^Reincrius the Vlorentine:The widow of
this Anthony after her husbands death, bought the Principality from Mahutmt^
and falling in love with a Venetian Merchant ( who for her fake poyfoned his
former wife) made him Prince , who being accufed by the Gentry of Athens
for Tyranny, \shy Alahumct commanded to be (lain , and his wife alfo, and
then commands the Prefident of TheJJaly to take poflefiion of Athens-^ which
afterward, becaufe of the often feditions of the CitizenSjhe deftroyed with its
Tower, and fo cndeth this famous City for Arts and' Arms, having
flouriflicd from Solon to this Mahumet two thoufand years : now it is 40
a poor Fifhcr-town. Theodoruf Fmanuels fourth fon kept out the Turkf by
land from Teloponnefus by building a wall in ifihmus reaching between
the Ionian and Mg/can Seas, where ftoodthe two Cities Corinth and.iM'ft'
gara. ' : ■!;; ■ 1
To Emanuel fucceededhis eldeft fon Jo/jw , who being ftript of all power
could aft nothing memorable:, he went to the Councel of F lorence^2ind fliortly
after his return dyed, to whom fucceeded Confiantine the feventh his youngeft
brother. He had done good fervice againft the Turk/ before he was Emperor;
but when A murat he rh-Jid taken Heradca , he was forced to fubmit to the Con-
queror,and to beat down the wall again of reloponncfus^ which afterward the ^^
Fe«efMWJ-fetup, h\it Afahiimettof^Wy overthrew it. In him ended the Greek,
Empire, 'Byzantium being taken by Mahumet.
The 7«ri^/, originally Schytians^ or Sarmatians^ who had broke into Ajia
through the Cafpian ftraits, and had ferved Heradius againft the Ferftans^ who
afterward ferved the Ver (tans, and fubdued them, and withall received
from their conquered fubjefts UlahMmclamfmc : whom afterwards the Tartar t
much
Chap.5. Hijlory of the JForld. ' z6}
j much weakned 5 but after their departure , the Turks recovered all tiiat they Aff.Chnjii.
\ had loft in yijia^ and much more, dividing themfelves into divers Tetrarchies >i*''V->^
according to their Families, of which the four chief were, the y^Jfimbei, Cattcle-
lori^ Caramattus^ and 6ttomatms. The firft pofleffed Cappadocia with Armema
P . the lefle; The fecond had the Country Sinope about 9ontHs ^ The Carmans
had Cilicia, and the Ottomans Bithi»ia,an.d the Country about Olympus : but ia
time Mahumet the Ottoman fwallowed up the Candelerjans and Caramans
Countries, whofledtothe>^j/zw/'e<i«j-forhelpf, of thefe came Vjjiimcajjanis
who fubdued the Kingdome of Per/?<? , and had long wars withthe Ottomans^
10 as we ftiall fee hereafter. The occafion of the quarrel were Hali and Homctr
the two Interpreters of Mahumets Alcoran^The Ottomans followedh'^// the reft
Bomar. The firft Ottoman began to flourifti about the year 1 500. and reigned I 3 2 7.
twenty nine years 5 He was the fon oiOrthogtdies^ chief of the Ogiuian family
and was called Ottoman from a fmall Town of Galatia^ named Ottomanziatm. '
He took Natolia and Ancyra in Vhrygia , Sinope in Galatia, where King Mithri-
dates was born and buried, and Sebajiia in Cappadocia , it is at this day called
Siva j He fubdued alfo Prujrathe Metropolis of Eythma, and there made his
refidence, though fome adfcribe this to his fon Orchanes. A little before his
death, eight thoufand Twr^r brake into Europe^ having paflcd the HdleCpont
20 and joyned themfelves with the Qatallam. ottoman left three fobs j the
youngeft Orchanes^ ( the other two brothers being flainj) fucceeded.
Orchanes fubdued Myjta^ Lydia, Lycaonia^ Phrygia.andCar/a^ extending his
conqueft to the Hel/ejpont and Euxm fea, whilft Cantacuzemis ^ and the
P^/^<)/i?giareftrivingformaftery5 fome think he wasflain by an arrow at the
liege of Frujia, others that he was killed in a battell againft the Tartars-^ Some
write he reigned two and thirty years , others but two and twenty. To aim
fucceeded ^4;i««r4/Aer the firft, whofe elder brother Solyman^ that firft of the
Twr^f entred Europs with an Army, was dead ofa fall from his hbrfe, as he was
courfing an Hare. This AmHrathesovercimcthcTrihal/ians^ enemies to the
^o Greeks, and took in divers Towns of 7Ar<za4 5 multitudes of Chriftians fled
into Adrianopolif , whom he befieged and took. Thendefirous to tranfport
them into AJta, he was advifed by his Priefts to pick out every fifth man that
was mofthandfome and found ^ thefe were diftributed among the Tnrks to
learn their difcipline and exercifes, and after three years to be brought to'the
Port and made Janifars^ in which confifteth the Turkfj]) ftrength againft Chri-
ftendome. He makes Adrianopolk the feat of his Kingdome. He plundets
ikr4fei/e«74,and gives the bootytohisSouldiers, but uhderftahdingthat the
Myjians and Triballians had raifed a great Army againft him , was refolved 16
rcftore to the Creeks their Cities again, and to return into y^^ , had not
40 the Earthquake which overthrew the walls of many Townes ' invited
the Turkfs to poflefs them. He falls upon the Triballi as they were'in drink,
and fubdues them. Sufman King of Myfta^ to pacific Amurathes, beftows
his daughter on him , the other he marrieth to Jndronirus the fon of
"John , who became ftipendary and tributary to the saltan. After this
Amurathes fubdues the Govemours of Ajia who had revolted from him!
Whilft he with jf«^« the Emperour were abfent in ^^ , his fon^^wz^j With
Andronicuf Johns {on, combine againft their Fathiers, who Were rewarded
both with the lofle of their eyes. Amurathes at laft fubdued Lararm thfc
Defpot of Servia or Tribal/ia , and put him in prifon ; to revenge this
-Q wrong, afervantof Lazarus faining himfclf a fugitive, got accefsto the
Sultan^ whom prefently he run through with his fwordj and fo dyed
Atmtrathes^ after he had fought fevcn and thirty Battels, and (reigned two o
and thirty years, fome fay but three and twenty. His fonne Bajazet fuc- '5o9»
ceeded.
^ajawt the firft, with ftrangling his brother 'Jagupe, begins his Reign:
he enters with a great Army the Bulgarian and Servian Countries, called
^f 2 anciently
2(54 ' '^^^^ 5'^OT(^ ^^m of the Book V.
AtiXhrijii. anciently Myfia and Tribullia, along ifiher to the Pontic lea , and defeats
v<?'^/^->^ 7l/^rf«:r the De/po/ with all the Nobility ^ and fo rangeth through iHjricum^
Macedonia, and Albania^ even to Hungary without oppofition , driving thence
multitudes of Chriftians,and infinite ftore of plunder. Shortly after, he over-
runs Ihejjaly and Thrace^ even to Bofp horns , then deftroyesthe Suburbs of
Syzant iufn, and fo affrightcth John TaUologm^ that he is forced to feek out aid
of the Ynnch 5 Charles the fixth then reigning , fends "John Earl of lifvern his
Coufin-german, who afterward got the Dtttchy of Bargmidy with an Army to
affifl: 5/^?/////««'^ King of H/wgijryagainft the common enemy, divers Princes
of France and Germany accompanied John. After they had joyned their lo
forces mth Sigifnmnd, they march through Servia^ and obtained fome fmall
vidories by the way. Then they laid fiege to Nkopolif, which gave time to
B-i/'/tz-eftoarmhimfelf, who having gathered together two hundred thou- ,
• fand, fent before eight thoufand light horfemen , which the Frcwf/j fet upon,
1296. and after them the Hiingunans and Germans i, but on a fudden they were en-
compafled with the whole Turkjfi Army. The French firft go to wrack 5 the
Hungarians feeing the FreKt/j horfe returning without their Riders, betake
themfelves to their heels:,57^//w««^efcapes to Byzantium in a Galleys jo/j« and
divers others are taken J fome whereof were cut in peecesby 2^.j7(«z,e/.f com-
mand 5 "John with five others were ranlomcd for two hundred thoufand 20
CrownSj,which was paid by /,/wex Prince olMytilene. JyA« upon his return or-
dained the Order of the Golden-Fleece, in memory of his banilhraent in that
Country where the Golden-Fleece was found by jafon , and where Pe^ej'and
Andrew the Apoftles preached : Their garment is of crimfon Velvet, with a
Mantle of the fame lined with white , and richly embroidered round about
with a border of Flames and Fleeces f, the Hood alfo is of crimfon Velvet, the
Collar of gold, the Toifon or Fleece hanging thereat, either in memory of
Jafons^ or of Gideons Fleece. Some think this order was inftituted afterward
by r/j///f Duke o£ Burgundy :\nd Eax\ of Flanders in the year 1429. having a
refolution to conquer the Holy-Land, 3°
JBajazet ahcr: this viftory returns to the fiege o( Conjiantinople , which he
was forced to give over, upon the entring oi Tamerlan into Ajia^ having
four hundred thoufand horfe, and fix hundred thoufand foot. This 'tatmrlan^
called by the Gn-e^f T/A^j/^i, was a Citizen oi Samarcanda Metropolis of the
Zagatains in "fartary. He entring Ajia takes^n fome Towns oi Armenia^ and fets
on fire Snltania called of old Tygranocerta fometime the feat of the Perjian
Kings. So having crofled Euphrates , he enters Cappadocia where he took
Sebajiia now ccAlcd Snias^ and in it put to death Orthobuks Bajazets fon. He
cauled his horfe to tread to death all the Captives, being innumerable. Bajazet
with a great Army met him at moam Stel/a, where Pom py overthrew Mi~ ±0
tbridates^ at the foot oi Antitaurus^ a cruel battel is fought, in which a hundred
1400. and forty thoufand were (lain j, V>ajazet is taken , his horfe being fhot under
him with luany arrows, who being brought to Tamerlan was fhut up in a iron
Cage,which was in derifion carried through4/?W,and mzdeTamerUm footftool
when he took horferthus was the murtherer of his brother ufed,and that cruel
Butcher of Chriftians two years ago, when he defeated the French gindHunga..
rians. j\t laft perceiving how he was made the Icorn of the world, and forced
to eat the fcraps that were flung <from "i amerlans table like a dog , and feeing
his Concubines abufed in his prefence, chiefly his beloved Wife, the daughter
of Lazarus the Dejpot ^ out of impatience dafhethout his brains againft the 50
iron grates of his Cage , and fo dyed , being unwilling to be carried' alive in
tr ium ph to Samarcanda.
After this viftory Tamerlan having pafled over Taurus^ enters Mefffpotntmia^
fubduing all before him even to the Syrian fea. He defeated the Egyptian
Sulivin^not hrfrom Pelujium. All the Cities of -^jtm, even Davjiafcfts^ dthH
yceldcd to him. Hiscuftome wastoprefentawhite Flag the fixft day that
he
Chap.^. Btfiory of the J-Forld. t^.^
he fate down before any place, the next day a red one, and the third a black 5 ^«.Cy&>-//?.-
the hrft did fignihe mercy, the fecond punifhmcnt , and the third death to ^-"^""^V-Sw
thofe that held out three dayes againft him. So having glutted himfelf with
fpoils and viftories , and the plague raging in his Army upon the defarts of
EgyP^ ^^ returns m triumph to Samarcmida^ where he died , he reigned forty
years, and Baja-z.et 24,others fay 2 6. What TamerLm fuddenly got, was as fud- i 4 o ^<.
denly loft by his fons, in their mutual quarrels. Bdjaz^et left five fons, the firft
yjlma^ who feifed on the Dominion by the help of the Souldiers, and four
years after was killed by his brother Mulfuman ^ whomfome xi^Wsolytmn.
10 This fought with his other brother Moyfes^^Nhomlamerlan had taken prifoner
and fet at liberty. This Moyfes was overcome by Mulfuman t, but afterward
for his infolent government he is depofcd , and delivered by the army to
Moyfes^ who put him to death. Moyfes afterward for his tyrannic is delivered i 4 i Si ~
to his other brother Mahumet^ who ftrangles him , and imprifons the other
brother i^Z/z/r^/j/M for aiming at the Empire. But the Greeks give to BaUzct
two fons only, to wit Cehbinus and Mitjiapha.
Scancliaox Scandinavia^ from whence of old iffued out upon the Roman
Empire, Swedes^ Normans^ Vandals and Goths , contains now three Kihgdomes
Sivethland^ Denmarh^^ and Norway : Srvethland is the ancienter, giving original
20 to the Kings of£)f«/;/^r4and Norway^ forD^wthe firft king of Dtw/z^r/^, which
from him was called Dania^vJSiS the fon of H«we/the fixteenth King o^Srvcden-
; but there had been five and twenty Rings in Srveden, before there was
any King in Ntfrn?^/. Haland and others who fucceeded him were but petty
Kings, H^r^W the firft was the firft Monarch there. Sweden was governed by
its own Kings, till Ericbfon (otherwife Smeck^) Ring oiSrvcden and Norway was
depofed by his fubjefts, and Albert Duke of Megapolis his fifters fonne made
King, who oppreffing the Nobility, and filling the kingdome with Gcm^w/,
the Peers fell ofFfrom him to Margaret Queen ofDenmark^and Norivay^ who
was then in arms againft Albert , and fo the three kingdoms were united , till
2Q the Kings began to defpife the Swedes , and commit all power t6 the Daner ^
whereupon the Swedes and Norwegians chofe Charls the fon o'iCanutus a Noble
man ofSwethland^ for their King : but the Norwegians being enticed by Chri^
Jiiern the firft. King of Denmark. , fubmitted to the Danes.
In Swethland^ Gufiavus the firft defcended from the ancient Swedifh kingsi
freed his country from the Danifhyoke^ in thankful remembrance of which
benefit, his pofterity are allowed by the Swedes to inherit the kingdome. The
firft Chriftian King of Swethland was Biornm ; before whom though they
reckon an hundred Kings , yet are their ftories fo defedive, that moft of their
names and adiions are buried in oblivion. This Biornus lived about the year
40816. in theiimeoflejr^- fon toG/»4r/j- the Great. The next we find after him
is Ericuf SanBus^ whom they reckon their 1 24. King. After him the pofterity
ofSnercherus and Ericus reigned by turns : for Snercherus king of the Goths'
^tvd Swedes^ being murthered by his own fervant, Ericm obtained the king-
dome by his worth and prowefle ^ He made good lawes, converted the F;»-
landers to Chrift, and governed his kingdom in peace and juftice j yet he was
murthered by his Nobility. To whom fucceeded Charls the fon of Suercherus^
after he had reigned two years over the oftrogoths^who fell ofFfrom the Swedes
for choofing EricHs to be their King, after whofe death he governed both
kingdoms eight years : but being hated for his affeftion to the Danes ^ he
50 was murthered by Qanwttts the fonne di Ericus SanCius ^ who believed that
C/'<i>'/j had confpired with the Danes to murther his father : He died in the
year 11 68. Qauutus fucceeded, the fon oiEricus San&us^ who died with grief
for murthering Charts^ in the year 1 1 92. Snercherus the fon of Charls fucceed-
ed; He intended to revenge his fathers death upon the pofterity ofCanutns,
but his Danifh forces were overthrown, and he in another battel was killed by
his fubjeftsj an.\ 210. Ericus the fonne oiCamtus^ havipg efcaped the fury of
Suercherfff.
tl66 The Second Van of the Bo o k. V.
j^n.Chrijii. Snerchcrus^Tc'igaed 6 yearsanddied, <t«.i2i6. Wisionlohn, a youth of great
W''V^**' hopes, died the third year of his reign. Eriats ^albm^ great grandchild to
Bricus San&us^ lucceeded , His kinfnian Canutus confpired againft him, and
drovehitnoutofhiskingdomes, but he raifed an army, defeated and killed
CartHttis^ and returned in peace to his kingdom ^ He fubducd and converted
the Tavefiji^ by the help of B/r^cr«/ Prince of the ojirogothr, and then died,
4W.I2 50.
Valdemarus the fon oiY>irgerus was chofen King in his fathers abfence, who
returning from the Tavefiii challenged the kingdome, as being rather due to
him then to his fon 5 but was refifted by the Army, and contented to be Tutor 1 o
or Protedor during his fons minority. Valdemar after his fathers death, by the
inftigation of his Danifli wife, tyrannizeth over his brothers, for which he is
depofed by the Swedes5and ftript alfo of the kingdom of the Goths.Wxs brother
"M-agnus Laclolus fucceeded, d«.i 276. who took his brother Valdemar prifoner,
and fo the quarrel about the dominion ended ^ He murthered at a feaft the
chief men amongft the f tf/f /»»»^/ : then giving himfelf to devotion and works
of piety, died, ^r/^er/fer his fon fucceeded, an.\i%2. the murthcrer of his bro-
thers, whom he accufed of treafon, they to defend themfelves, raifed an
army againft this Tyrant, and took him prifoner 5 afterward reconciling him-
felf to them, invites them to a feaft, and trcacheroulJy layeth hold on them 20
and puts them in a dungeon , where they pt rifhed with ftench and famine,
(for he flung the keyes oftheprifon into the deep river hard by, that none
might have accefle to help them ) upon this his fubjefts take arms and drive
him out of his kiagdome into Deumark^^ where he died miferably with his
wife. Magnus Smeech fon o^Ericus^ killed by his brother iVrger»^, fucceeded
aft.i^i^. He was a wicked and libidinous Prince : In his wars againft Ntfrw-y
he was taken prifoner by Hacjiiin the Norwegian king, from whom being de-
livered be fied into Denmark^-^ there he profcribes all the Swedifh Peers, which
they flighting, call in Albert the Megapolitan , whom by publike confent they
confirmed in the kingdom at Stockfichfi-.^ He proffers reconciliation to Magnut, 50
which he rejefted, preferring war to peace ^ wherefore he is taken prifoner,
and kept in cuftody (even yeares, till he was freed by his fon haqHin. Albert
afterward began to flight the Swedes^ therefore is flighted by them, and in his
wars with Margaret Queen of Denmark^ is taken and detained feven yeares a
1 -^ Q A prifoner, at laft is forced to abfolve the Swedes from their allegiance, 4«.i 394.
^ Margaret the Dane, wife to Haqmn king o^Norvoay fucceeds^ and is now Lady
of three kingdoms^ A magnanimous Princefle, but covetous, and one that
made no bones to break oaths and promifes 5 (he committed the chief places
of truft to the enemies oiSwethbnd, and out of hatred to the Swedes left them
and made her refidence in Denmark , having firfl: procured the kingdome to 40
1412. Ericuf her Nephew by her fifter, (he died, and was buried at Flensbnrgh
4».1412. i|
In Den ff/ark,, Waldemar the third, whom they reckon their 94. King, fuc-
ceeds his father Chrifiofher -^hs was (irnamed the Refrobate^^oxhxs wicked life.
In the begining of his reign, an.17,/^0. he cuningly got the poflHTion oi Scania
from King Magnus , and his Caftles which were kept by the Germans. The
next year he invaded Onland and Gotland^having flain in that 500.in this 20CO.
and loft them both again the fame yeare. He found his kingdom much im-
poverifhed and wafted by foraign incurfions , but he left it rich and flourifh-
ing: He was a cruel Tyrant againft his Nobility , which he endeavoured to 50
extinguifh , therefore they often rebelled againft him , but his daughter
Margaret Qnecn of the three kingdomes afterward fcverely punifhed tho(e
rebellious Lords. This Waldemar being threatened with an Interdift by
tJhePope for his tyrannic and perfidioufnelTe, returns this Anfwer;
Waldemaf
OiAp.7- Hifiory of the World, ' x6^
Waldemar King ofDcntnzxk.to the Pope of Kome^ fends greeting. We have An.Chriftj.
our nature froof God, our Kingdotne from our Subjects^ rpealth^ front our Parents W^''S-•*
and our faith from thy Preddcefors^ vphich if thou voilt not let m enjoy quietly^ wl * 3 7 5*
fetid it back^a-gain by thefe frefents. Farewel.
Hedied, yi«. 1375. Tohimfuccceded his daughter Margaret, Who byheb
father had Denraarkj^ by her husband Haquin^ the Ton of Magnus Smccc^ or
smtg, Svoetbland and Norjray : She reigned 52.ycars after her husbands dca'th 5
rhe finifhed the war begun by Haqmn againlt Albert King ofSiveden, whom fho 1589.
took prifbner with bis fon Ericm^ and his father Duke of MegopoUs^ with the
K) Earl of Htf//4//^5 and many Barons. y^Z/'erf after fix years captivity, is let free
onxronditiort to pay 6coco; Marks for his ranfome, or to deliver up the City
HolMte^ orelfe to return aprifoner5 Hofe/e upon his Letters is delivered up,
and {o the three kingdomes are united ; and it is agreed, that in the eleftioii
ofthe King, the 5^werfej and £)<i;zwfhonld have the firft futFrage by turns, but
the Danes not content with the firft fufFrage in the eleftion of Ericns, they
challenged it alfo in the eledion ofchr/Jiopher^ which fo offended the Swedes^
that they chofe them a King of their own, Charles the fon of Canutus. Marga-
ret being childlefs, (for her fon Olaus was deadj (he fends for Ericus her Ne- >^
phew out oiVomerania, and makes him King at fifteen years of age ^ fo they ^ 3 9 6'
20 reigned together till (he died. He married Philippa the King of Englands
daughter. At laft Margaret died, and was richly entombed at Ruj'childa^ I 41 2^
Jn. 1 41 2.
To— TTTT .yj:i:bu '
Chap. VII.
I. The affairs of Italy s Germany, Bohemia, f/>e Netherlands, under Charles
the Fourth^ and Wenceflins^Entperours^ 2. The PP'ars Letiveen Venice and Ct-
' r\\X2kforthelfk «?/Tenedos, from the yeari^^<^. till 1 400.
ALthough Charles the Fourth, fon to King John of Bohemia, had beeti
crowned at i?<7««rf before the death of Lwis/o'yic the Emperour, yet he
now being dead, divers of the Electors make void C/w?7fx his Eleftioa
as fraudulent 5 wherefore in the Dyet of Frank^fort, Mentz, Palfgrave, Saxott^
and Brandeburg proffer the Empire to King Edward the third of EngLwd^who
had lately beat the French and Scots ^ but he prudently confidering the dif-
ficulties of that great place, and the danger his own Kingdome might incur by
40 the French and Scots in his abfencc, waved that proffer : Then they invited
f re<:^?(;4,Marquefs oiMyfnia, a rich and potent Prince s, but he refufed the
motion, knowing that he could not enjoy the Empire (being chirle s wi^s al-
ready chofen) without much trouble 5 therefore Charles prefcnts Fredericks
with a gift of 1 000c. Marks. The Electors at laft fet up Gtinter Earl ofSrvarce- 1249,
hurg in Thuringia^ who came with an Army to Frankfort, whither Charles alfo
came with his Forces, but reftifed to hazard all his fortunes upon one bat-
tel, therfefore labours to undenuine his enemy without fhedding of blood,
whereupon he makes his peace with the fons oiLudovic his PredecelIbr,whofc
lands he had fpoiled with fire and fword , then he marrieth the Palfgraves
-Q daughter,and fo got the Houfe of Bavaria to ftand for him ; He alfo by a Phy-
fician poifons Gunter^ who died the fixth moneth after his Eledion , but Charls
is content to pay to his Heirs in recompenfe of their fathers lofles and char-
ges, 22000 Marks of filver, andwithall to refignoverto them two Townes
mThuringia-, he alfo brought back the publike Mart to Franl^fort, which he
had thence tranflated to Mentz. : and fo at laft Charles obtaijaes the Empire a-
: Ipne, not without much bribing.
Chartet
z68 The Second ^anofthe Book.V.
An.ChriJii C harks in his younger dayes was educated in Fraace with King Charles^
L/^r\J therefore brought many French cuftoms into Germany ^ and parted with the
rights of the kingdom of ^r/ex to the French, to the great detriment of the
Empire. This ^r/w is the chief city of N^ri-^^w, which the BurgHndians made
the metropolis of their kingdome 5 in this three famous Counceh have been
held. cW/e/ alfo to weaken the greatnefleofthe German Princes, armed di-
vers Cities againft them vvith immunities and priviledges 5 he inlarged Bohc
mm with Silefia. and Lufatia^ and made divers Countries thereabout feudatory
to Bohemia. He made "John and Jlhert^ Princes of the Henets on the Baltick fca,
Dukes of the Empire. He advanced the power of the Senate in Norimbergh^ 10
which had hitherto been opprcfled by the popular fury. Being invited by-
divers Letters from Petrarch and others, to fettle the tumults of Rome, he re-
1355. pairs thither^ After he had been crowned at Alilain with iron,is there crowned
with gold. There he ftayed but a fhort while, forfohe had promifcd by the
Cardinals to Pope Innocent 6. left his long abode there might weaken the
Popes power,and caufe alterations. At Milam he made Galeacius and Eamal/as
the Vicounts, Vicars or Lieutenants of the Empire in Lr^wrw. This Galeacius
was a great Lover of Learning; therefore by the advice of Pf^r^/rcA eredcda
Library, having before inftituted a famous CoUedge, in which his fon j<»A»
G4/wc/«j' allowed large ftipends toB^W/// and the two Raphaels to read the 20.
L-aw , to Marjilius to profclVe phy fick, and to Emanuel Cbryfoloras to read the
Greek tongue.
Charles having returned into Germany^ calls a Diet of the Princes, where he
contrafts and digefts all the ancient rights, cuftoms, priviledges and conftitu-
tlons belonging to the Empire, into an Epitome and method ; this was called
Lex Carolina^ 8c Aurea bul/a, the golden Patent. This contains all the rites and
lawes concerning the Emperors eledion, and (hewes how far each Princes au-
thority extends ; By this all contentions about the Emperors eleiiion are cut
off, and each Prince confined within his own bounds. This Patent or Bui was
made and proclaimed at Nmw^er^ A. After this Diet, C^(«r/e/ repairs to Pope 30
1355. Vrban 5. at Aven/on, whofe ftirrop he held, and followed him on foot. Then
dedicated the reft of his life to works of charity and piety. To fetlingof
2>ohemia, where he inftituted the Univerfity of Fragite, and enriched divers
I 9 6 1 . Monafteries and Colledgcs of Canons. At laft he laboured with the Pope and
Cardinals, alfo with the Eleftors by great fums of mony, for his fon Wencejlaus
to be his fucceflbr , whom with much ado he got to be crowned , and then
within two years after dyed,having reigned fince the death ofCunter 28 years,
1376. in all 31.
About this time , the Dukedome'of C?eWer fell from Reynold iot want of
iflue male, tolVilliam Earl of Julia, who married his daughter Mary. After- 40
ward, for want of ilTue, IVilliam of Mont s fei fed upon both Gelder and Julia j
and becaufe Arnold of Egmont laid claim to Gelder, Gerard the fon of William
gave up his right to Charles Duke of burgundy. Not long after this, Clevs
fell to the Eailes of Marca, for want of ifliie male. UnrgMndy was then in
the poflcflion of rhilip the Bold, brother to Charles the fifth of France,
who beftowed burgundy on him , that he might the more eafily obtain the
mzxxizgcof Margaret of Flanders. ThisDutchy fell to John Father of Philip^
by the death of Otto Duke of burgundy, hrabant was in controvcrfie be-
tween Wencejlaus of hucclburgh , and hewif Earle of Flanders, in right of
their Wives ; LeirJr prevailed , and left to his daughter Margaret , who 50
married with P^/Z/p the Bold, Flanders, Artok, the County of burgundy, Ni-
vern,R^hrltn,Salina,zndMechlifr. Vhilip left Flanders^ burgundy, and Artok
to his fon John ; Brabant and Lucelburgh to his fon Antony j to his third fon
Thtlip^ Nwern and Rethelin. Antonjes fon John Duke of Brabant , founded the
Univerfity of Lovain.
The
Chap.7. Htjtory of the IForld. i6^
TheEmperoT Charles having fold nnd given away fo many Towns , lands An.chrifir,
and priviledges from the Empre, much weakned it ^ his chief care was to en- ^''^V^v*
rich and honour Bohemia 5 he carried to Trague (which he had beautified and
enlarg€d)the Lance with which Chrifts fide was pierced,the Nails^the fponge,
and part of theCrofs , with the fword of Charles xhQ Great', and a Tooth of
John Baptiji^ which the Pope had honoured with a folemn Holy-day. He gave
to the eldeft of his Predecefiburs fons the Principality of Vpper-Eavaria to
his other fon Brandeburg , to William the third fon Holland and Hannonia , to
Margaret the widow their mother a yearly penfion ; but fhe difcontented for
10 the lofs of Holland, requires it again from her fon William , which he refufed^
upon this a war is raifed , and a cruel battel fought between the Mother and
Son 5 at laft Hannonia is given to the Emprefs for her life , after whofe death
JF;^M^?/ grew diftra died, and fo continued many years. Charles before his
death divided Bohemia into twelve Counties, and aboliftied the new feCt
of Whippers 5 he bought the Marquifat of brandeburg from the pofte-
rity of "^avare , and beftowcd it on his ibnne Sigifmund : when he fent
his fonne Wencejlaus to be chriftened at Aix , he fent with him his weight
in gold, to make him the more welcome to the Virgin-Mary^ at two
yeares old he gave him the Crowne of Bohemia-^ at fifteen he made him
20 AugHlius ^ having promifed to each Eleftor a hundred thoufand Crowns , for
payiinent of which he made over to them the publike tributes of the Empire:
he married his fon Srgijmmd to Mary the daughter of Hnngary , therefore fent
him thither to be educated in the language and cuftome of the Country , in
hopethathelhouldbe King; he made Lnnenburgz Dutchy, and punifted
thofethat imprifoned any Clergy-men.
About this time, the Venetians and the C?e««tfzr quarrelled, becaule Tetrinns
King of Cyprus at his Coronation , had preferred the Venetians to the Genuois-^
whereupon Cyprus is wafted , and Tamagujia taken by the Genuois. Shortly
after the Florentines being offended with the Popes Legat, caufed many
2,0 Cities of Italy to fall off fiom the Pope,who in their Banners carried the word
Liberty 5 with thofe the ^ononians joynjed ^ Pope Gregory fent an Army
of hritons to reduce them to obedience, but in vain, wherefore being
perfwaded by Catherine of Sena, and perceiving what lofle Italy fuftained
By his abfence, returns to Rome, andfo much the rather, bccaufe one day ,
reproving a Bilhop for being fo long abfcnt from his charge , who anfwered, ' 3 7 "•
Andvphydoyou vphopouldgive example toothers , Jiay fo long away from your
Ytijhoprick.? Divers Towns of Germany finding no favour or affiftance from
their Princes, enter into a mutual confederacie ; thefe are called Hanf-totons^
whereof there be fix in Vandalia, eight in Vomerania, fix in Trutenia, four in Li-
4.0 vonia, thirteen in Saxony, ten in Wejiphalia, fix in Clivia and Monts , feven in
Geldria, three in Tranjilvania , and three in Frijta, befides fourteen other
Towns that fell off afterward an. 1 5 54.
To Charles fucceeded his fon Wencejlaus in the Empire : when he was bap-
tized he fouled the water w^ith his dung,and fo he did the Altar two years after
when he was crowned King; this prcfaged his foul and vicious life, for he was
notorious in drunkennefs, tyranny, cowardife, and letchery : Inhistimemoft
Cities were infefted with feditions, and the high- way with robbers , whilft he
lay wallowing in luft and pleafures ; nordurftanymanadmoniflihimjhewas
fo cruel, that he fpared not to murther them at his table ; he carried about a
-^ Hangman with him,whom he called Goffip , becaufe he chriftened his childej
many times he would make him light from his horfe in the high- way , and
munherfomewhomhemet,whenhehadamindetoit ; He was fo offended
with his wife the daughter of Albert of Holland,xh2X becaufe (he reproved him
for his whoredomes.he drowned her Confeflbr for that he refufed to difcover
herfinslhehadconfeffed; and then befethis Maftif-dog which he kept and
fed in his chamber, upon her ,' and murthered her : He permitted many
G g thoufand
irjo The Second Tan of the Book V-
■^n.Chrjfli. thoufand 'jews to be murthered in a tumult at Vragne f, for which cruelties that
^-^(^^''^f^^ City was fo vlfited with the plague, that in oneParifh inthefpace of four
months, there dyed three thoufand five hundred : about which time was found
out by Ytcnholdus ISliger a Monk , the diabolical art of fhooting with Guns,
worfe then the plague : The Venetians were the firft that made ufe of them
agiinft the GewM^JW-. The people being impatient of fuch a Tyrant, notwith-
ftanding his ftrong guards,which he was ftil changing out of jealoufie and fear,
fcifed upon him, and imprifoned him four months at Prague : at laft, by much
1 3 9 3* intreaty he was permitted by the Senate to bathe himfelf, and to wafh away
the filth of his body 5 in the mean while having retired a little towards the lo
bank of the River to cool himfelf , he fpiesafilherboat, into which he leaps,
being naked, and his naked wa(her,S»//4« by name, with him, and fo efcapcs to
the new Tower on the River, where he is defended by his brother 'John Mar-
quefsof Lufatia, and rr(7f<?p/wx the Moravian : but he was never a whit bet-
tered by his imprifonment , for he made as much ufe of his Goflip the Hang-
man as before, and was not aihamed to ufe Siifan for his concubine, fo that the
people being enraged againft him , fent for his brother Sigifrntrnd who was
now Ring oi Hungary^ his father in law being dead, and his Competitor Charles
of N^p/c/ flain, but he was run fo much in dcbt,.that he was forced to mortgage
the Marquifat of Brandebiirg to his Coufin-germans , Jodocus and Frocopim 20
Marquifcs of A/^j'-iw^t : x.\iW\%ih^tSigifmHnd\jhoTnBajaz,et overthrew with
the Frcncht, he upon the invitation of the Bohemians^ enters the Country with
an Army , feifeth on his brother , and carrieth him to Vienna, to Albert of
^///Zrwjnotwithftandingthe oppoiition made by "John hisbrotherjandPrtfc^^p/^f
his Coufin-german : this Albert was fon in law to Sigijtnund. Ludovic of
Aujiria was (lain by the Srvitzers,
W^V»fe/7^H/ willing to efcape,promifed great matters to a Fiflier-man» who
ufed to bring the prifoners fometimes fmall Filhes, out of pity : this Fiflicr-
manby the helpof a long ftring got him into his Boat, and brought him
to Vicegrad , whence he got away in a Beggers habit to Prague , where having 3®
got within the Caftle , cries out , He was the King , and wifhed all Royalifts
toailifthim, upon this, above twenty repaire to him, and feifeupon the
Governour, whom they put in irons : Then did Wencejlaus force him to
write Letters, and to Teal them with his own Seal, inviting divers Magiftrates
into the Caftle, who not dreaming of the Kings being there, were by his
command apprehended and put to death : theFilherman was Knighted. Then
to ftrengthen himfelf, be marrieth with Sophia the daughter of 'John Duke of
I 4 O c. ^'i'varia : but the Eledors perceiving that he grew rather worfe then better,did
unanimouflydcpofe him from the Empire, having reigned two and twenty
years after the death of his father Charles-^he was fifty feven years old when he ^o
oyed, being taken with an Apoplexie at dinner, when news were brought
him that the people were in Arms, had flain the Senate , and were now com-
ming towards the Caftle.
Among other wrongs done by him to the Empire, the felling away of
the Principality of Mil/an , was not the leaft 5 for whereas till now the Go-
vernours of Millan were the Empcrours Lieutenants and Deputies, John Ga-
haci;fs the Vifcounr, for a fum of money , is made Duke and abfolute Lord
for him and his pofterity, and the Cap with the Scepter are fent him from
' 3 7 7« iVcnceJlaus. Under his father Charles the Empire was weakned by great quar-
rels and wars between the Earles of Wjrtenberg\ and the Cities of Suevia: 5©
In the firft combat three Earles, feventytwo Knights, with divers Barons
were flain by the Cities : but in the fecond connidt the Cities upon the
Rhine, and thofe of Suevia who had joyned their forces, were defeated by the
1286, JVirtenbergians and BavariansJbMt not without great lofle on this fide,fbr there
were flain four Earls,fixty Knights, and a multitude of common fouldiers : the
Helvetians had better fuccefs againft Leofold the third of Aujiria , whom in a
C H A P.7, Hifiory of the JForld. 27 1
great battel they defeated and flew , fo that the Princes were forced to yeeld An.Chrifii.
to the Switzerr. W^V^V*
The great quarrel between the Venetians and Cehnok fell out upon this
occafion. The two brothers Andronicns and Manuel fcvoxe for the Greek
Empire , Andronicus the elder claimed it by right of primogeniture, Manuel
the younger by his fathers laft will J who bequeathed it to him ; With An-
dronicus the Genuois fided, with Alanuel the Venetians. The one beftows
the Ifle Tenedos on the Genuois , the other on the Venetians , who prefently
feifed pn it, lying in the mouth of the Hel/efpont, convenient for Trade.
10 Upon this, Legats are (ent from Genua to Vemce , demanding reftitution of
the llland ^ the Venetians refufed , affirming they had it of him who had moft
right to it : wherefore the Genuoif fcnt a Fleet of ten Gallies under Arn$ts
Strupa. to Tenedos ^ which took foine of the Venetian Ships and burned them,
but could do no good upon the Fort, being ftrongly manned, therefore
they went to infeft the Venetian Iflands in the Jigaan Sea 5 hereupon the
Venetians rig out a Fleet , and the Genuois add ten Gallies more to their
Fleet under Lewis fUfcus , who meeting the Venetians , fell unadvifedly
with five of his Gallies upon them before the reft could come up ^ a cruel
confiift enfues, in which many were killed on both fides:, at laft the five
20 Genuoy Gallies were taken , the reft efcaped fave one which fell upon a
rocke , and was funke : The Genuois hearing of the overthrow , were folici-
tons for fan/angujia in Cyprus^ which they had taken from the King of that
Ifland, fearing left the Venetians would feife on it , or affiftthe Ring to re-
cover it 5 therefore they fend one of the Gallies that efcaped thither with
Arms and Men ; the other three were committed to the charge of Tetcr
Ticconus^ with command to repairto their other Fleet, with this Teter fails
into the Adriatic fea, where he did much annoy the Venetians^ who enter
into a league with Bernahos Prince o£ Mil/an^ knowing that he being a
near neighbour to Genua ^ could much annoy them, and hinder provifions
20 from them by land out of Gallia , and all commerce thence •■, they wifely
alfo make a league with lanus King of Cyprus^ ^ngry with the Genuois
for the lofle of Yamangufia : the Genuoif being much troubled at this
league of the Venetians with the Millanois;, which would hinder all Trade
with Gal/ia, Cifalpina, and befides force them to employ their men in
Land-fervice, which they (hould fend abroad to Sea; t/iey refolve to
make a league with Henry the Emperqur^ being offended with Venice
for jUiricunt, which they took from him : They alfp fend Legats to
the Patriarch of Aq^iUa^ from whom the Venetians had taken Trioli^
and to Franck Carraria Prince of Fadua, on whom Venice did ftill in-
40 crotch.
The Legats of Genua complain to the Emperour of the wrongs done by
the Venetians to the Empire 5 of theirinfolenciesin maintaining the younger
brother againft the elder, and in feifing upon Tenedos^and that their aim was to
invade the Empire : Henry anfwers them. That the Turkifti wars kept him oflf
from punifhing the Veuetians , yet as (bon as the feafon of the year permitted,
he would either come or fend an Army againft hm. With this anfvver the
0;»»w were plea led; therefore they caufe two and twenty great Ships to
be built v-and becaufe the y4_W7<f, chiefly Lamhas and Pagnanus had done good
fervice heretofore againft Venice j they pitch upon Lucianus Auria , whom
-^ they make Admiral of their Fleet, and ^\\ home all that had been pro-
fcribed or baniftied for robbing in the high-wayes. In the meane while,
Dcminicuf Fregofuf GoxemoMY of Genua ^ is removed by a contrary faftion
from his place , and l^icolaus Coarcus made Governour : fliortly after, all
the Fregofan family are baniflied the City; Dominic Fregofus and Pc/cr im-
prifoned, but Pe/er efcaped. The King of Cj/rw/ who had lately married his
daughter by the the Venetians oieans to Bernabos of MiUan^ attempted by the
i G g 2 help
z'-jz The Second ^ art of the Book.V.
jH.Chrijii help of five Venetian Gallies to take Famangnfta , but the Garrifon within
t/'V><v had notice of the plot , and prevented it by their vigilancie. Arnns Strttpn
having returned with his ten Gallies from the ^^<ea«Sea, Lucianus Anriti
isfent into the Adriatic with two and twenty Saile, which much annoyed
the Venetians. In the interim, the Emperours Army enters into the
Teritory of fr/tf// ^ Francis Carraria bcfets larvifium with Horfe and Foot,
the Towne held out a while, but feeing no fuccour come from Venice^
yeeldcd themfelves to the Emperour, by the pcrmifiion of Franck. The
Venetitfi^ upon this, began to defpaire of their Townes in lUiricmt
and Yrioli'-) but they were more folicitous after their Sea affaires^ there- lo
fore having rigg'd out twenty Gallies fraightcd with five hundred Soul-
diers befides Mariners, under Vjdor Pifanus : Lncianus encounters with
them'near P<»//'«5 the fight continued long and doubtfull, the greateft
flauehter was on the Venetian fide, which fo heartened Lncian^ that he
puU'd off his Helmet, hoping the viftory had been got, and in the in-
terim was fhct through the head , and fo dyed inftantly : They that were
next to him , for feare left the Souldiers Ihould be diflieartned , or the
Enemy encouraged, convey him afide, and place another in his Arms
where he ftood. V/cfor held out as long as he could, at length ha\ing
loft fifteen Gallics, flyeth hacke to Venice with the remainder of his 20
Fleet
The news of this viftory wrought great joy in Genua, which was quickly
quailed by the report of the Emperours death, to whom they appointed
yearly fuppHcations at the Altar of John the Evangelift in St. Georges
Church with yearly falaries out of the publike Treafure to his fon and
pofterity. Then they make refer Auria their Admiral , who repaircs with
one Galley onely to the Fleet in the Adriatic. The Venetians were much
troubled for their lofles , therefore they fend to Eernabos^ to invade the
Gamois by land, they might be forced to call home their Fleet out of
the Adriatic. Barnabos raifeth an Army, invades the Territories oi Genua ^o
with fuch celerity , that they plundered about the City before they had news
of his commingi he feifedalfo on divers Citizens, who were that time of
the year in their Country houfes. The City was in a great fear and uproar;
Ntcolans the governour fearing left his adverfaries would take occafion to
thruft him out of his Principality , commands that none Ihould take up
Arms but thofe whom he truftcd; and then having paid a great fummeof
money, eafeth the State of the Enemy, and prevents fedition againfthim-
'- felf : In the mean while the /^e«e/7d»/ fend nine Gallies to moleft the coafts
of Genua, which plundered fome fmall Iflands , and Sea-towns of the Enemy.
The Cemiois upon this rig out nine Gallies » becaufe they would not call 40
home their Fleet out of the yJi^mA/f. The Venetians ^rctw'mg this, fetfail
prefently to their Iflands in the Ag£an Sea 5 and the Genuok miffing the
Enemy , fail immediately to Vetrus Auria in the Adriatic , fo that now they
makeup thirty Gallies befides other veflels for caniage, by which re»/Ve is
About a mile from Venice on the Adriatic (bore, ftands the Church of.
St. Nicolas, which fenced them with a ftrong wall, and a deep ditch ; along the
fhore were divers forts ; hither Peter came with his Fleet to ftraiten the
Enemv :, having landed his men , Jie falls on the wall before the Church , and
with iTiuch lofle gains it,and with it the Church. Then he comes to the Town 5^
called cWm F^-/^, at this day C^/tf^74, with his Fleet; Frd«r«- marched along
the (hore with his Land-forces. The Venetians had filled the Towne with
hired Souldiers. Peter and Francis with all their Forces fall to ftorming
of the Towne, \\ hich was ftrongly defended by the Souldiers, with much ex-
pence of blood on both fides s atlaft the Townef-men being wearied out,
and over-powered with multitudes, delivered up the Town and Garrifon.
The
Chap. 7. Hijhory of the World. 2,75
The Venetians hearing of this lofs, and calling to mind the lofs o^Tar- AnXhrifii.
vijimt, and of their Fleets, the exhaufting of their Trcafure, the want *'^'^V">^
of commerce and decay of trade , with the fmall hopes they had in Ber~
nabos 3 they fend Letters to Teter in Clodia , to intreat for peace , alledging
to him the inconftancy of Fortune, the good that Genua fhould get by this
peace, and the glory that Peter had purchafed to th& Gcnuois^ it making
Venice fue for peace, which had hitherto been fo often viftorious, and
had never been foi'ced in feven hundred yeares till now , to fiie for peace.
Veter replies, that he was not ignorant either of the inconftancie of
10 Fortune , or of their ancient greatnefs , but that now they mufl: confider
not what they have been, but what they are , and that the conquered
liiuft accept of fuch a peace as pleafeth the Conquerour to give •■, but the
conditions were fuch , that the Venetian Senate rejeftcd them with
fcorne , preferring all extremities of warre to fuch unjuft conditions of
peace 5 therefore they refolve to fend Legates to Bernabos ^ complaining
of the miferies they were driven to, and that they had no other hope
left but in him , who by his Land-forces wafting tne confines of Genua ,
might occafion the calling home, of their Fleet : So the Romattei by in-
vading the Carthaginians drew Halciar out of Sicily ^ and Annihal out
20 of Italy : Upon this Bernabos afliires them , that he will not faile them in
this their extremity, and therefore prefently hireth three thoufand horfe-
men, who had been high-way robbers, thefe fuddenlymake inroads up-
on the Genuan Territories, which fo affrighted the Countrey-people , that
fome fled into the hills, fome into the Cities •-, the Geniiois prefently put
themfelves in Armes, with a refolution to aflault thefe Robbers, which
when they perceived, they refolve to be gone, but ambulhes are laid for
them , and all by-wayes and Groves are intercepted , fo that few of thefe
Robbers efcaped alive : In memory of this defeat an annual fuppUcation is
appointed at S. Georges Church,
2Q In the mean while Feter fliut up the Adriatick, fo that Venice was in danger
to be ftarved for want of provifion. Manuel the fon o^Calciannes^ the Vateti~
, d«/ friend, befiegeth Per<* the Gie»«4» Colony by Biz.antite»t '^ whereupon the
Genuois fend Nicholaus Marcus with three Gallies thither,but the fiege was rai-
fed before they came^ in the way Nicholaus meets with fome C?ree;^ Gallies,
and beats them. The Venetians underftanding that the Genuois were carelefs
and fecure in Clodia^ and that moft of their Fleet were fent abroad, they in the
dead ofthe night go to cWm infmal boats, and were fcaling the walls, but
were difcovered by the clafliing of their armour, and fo forced to return with
fome lofs. Upon the coming back of the Genuan Fleet to Clodia, one of theif
40 Gallies appproaching too neer Saint Georges Church, within halfe a mile of
Venice , ftuck faft as the Sea ebbed , and was feifed on by the Venetian
Boats ^ they loft alfo to the Venetians a" great Ship richly laden, as Ihe
was riding at Anchor neer Rhodes. The Venetians refolve to try once
more with Genua ^ for their lives and liberties , therefore privately they
prepare a Fleet of three and thirty Gallies, within their Arfenal, with
other Veflels -of burthen, intending if they could not ttiafter the enemy,
to tranfport themfelves into Candy with their wealth and Families 3 for
effefting of this work , becaufe the Treafurc was exhaufted , many pri-
vate rich men cheerefully brought in their Gold and Silver to the Se-
-Q nate , for which piety they were made Senators. Andrevp Contarenus then
Duke o£ Venice^ an expert Sea-man, with the greateft part of the Se-
nate , and four of the Nobility, arrive at Clodia in the night uriexpeftedly^
the Genuois then had in the Harbor nine and twenty Gallies, the reft were dif-
perfedin the Adrfatkkjj the fight begins with exhortations, Peter wilhing the
, "i . , Genmis
1'74 T^f^^ Second Tan of the Boo k. V.
An.chrijii, Gennois to remember their former fuccefles. Andrew defiring the Venetians
-^'<'W>fJ to fight for their Hberty, for their parents, wives, chiidien and countrey : the
skirmifh was doubtfula great whiles but the Ac«efM«/at laft wercworftc4
and forced to flie back to Venice : the Gemtok fuppofing the enemy had beeij
totally defeated and diftieartened, grew fecure, and neglecled to guard the
Clodian Harbour ;, Upon this the VeNetia/u finding that fomc Keels of their
great Ships which the Genttois had burned, were funk in the mouth of the
Harbour, refolve to fink fomc more filled with ftones, in the fame place, fo
that the Genuan Fleet could not get out : the /ewe^/jw/ having done thisj,
they gave a great (hout, at which the Genuans were amazed, not dreaming lo
the Venetian Fleet had been fo neer , therefore they get prefcntly on
Ship-board, intending to fight the enemy -, but as they were failing out of the
Harbour, their Ships ftuck on the funk vefl'els, and could go no further ^ fo
they perceived their errour, of which they repented, but too late; thofe in
C.«w^ not knowing of this ftratagem in the Adriatick^ had fent thirteen more
Gallics under Aiath.Marrufus to joyn with Perc/",who finding his Fleet ufelefjf,
that he could not get out, expofeth his Forces on the (bore, and made cxcur-
fions upon the enemies Territories '-, but as he was befieging the Caftle Bron-
duliiKf^ he was (hot in the head, and fo died ^ yet the Caftle was taken by the
CcnnoK^ who underftanding of their difafters in the Adriatick, were much 20
grieved, knowing that their treafury was exhaufted, and that the vigilant
enemy would not reft here, therefore they chooic Cafper Spimla ^ a brave
man , for their Governour, who prepares to encounter the Venetians by
land.
Venice having loft almoft three years the pofftflion of the upper Sea,
which now they had recovered , refolve to bdiege Clodia , being ftirthered
by the Plebeians, and women, who brought in their Plate and Jewels j their
Army fits <iown between Brtf»^/«////» and C/<?<^w, to hinder all provifion from
the Clodians. ^;7;«p/ii who was now come to CA'<5//<^» fearing the lofs of Bron-
(^w/;/;;/, made a bridge to relieve it, and perceiving the enemy advancing to- 50
wards him, exhorts his Souldiers to be couragious, a bloody battel enfueth, in
which the Genuans being defeated , flie diforderly back to Clodiai, in this
flight many were drowned, the Bridge which they had lately made
breaking under them with their weight. The VenetiAttf having thus de-
feated the enemy, fall to the fiege of Brondulum^ which prefently yiel-
ded ; then they befiege Clcdia, by Sea and Land : The Genuajf were much
dilheartencd, having no Land-Army, nor any by Sea, but their thirteen
Gallies under Ad/imffua ^ who durft not come neer to Qlodia , for fear of
the Venetian Fleet ^ and fufpefting that Bfrnahf with an Army would
invade their Countrey, they build a Tower five miles oft from the City 40
in a narrow paliage , to keep off Bcmabos. Mamtfm meets at SipontMfft
fix Venetian Gallies , and twelvb Ships of burthen , thefe he fcts upon
and burnes, and takes the Admirall ihad^uf , whom he fends prifoner
to Genua, and makes his way through fourty Venetian Gallies. JamJfMs
with five Gallies is fent from Genua to joyne with Matthew, but they
couW not get to Clodia, by reafbn of the enemies Fleet 5 in the interim Ber-
jw^ijj had fent fome Troops of horfe to plunder the Cennozs Countrey, but
tfaey were beat back with lofs.
_2^gQ The Clodians having now fuftained fix moneths fjege,and being forced
* ' fiw wantof food to eat dogsandcats, and findingall paflages for their re^ jq
lief fliut up by Sea arid land, deliver up the Town to the Venetians, who
fent the chiefe prifoners to Venice , the Genuois were known from gthers
by pronouncing rrafa. inftead c& capra , and were detained 5 the reft
were fct free. After this the Venetians take in Lnurmttim^ Jtijimopaltur ,
Fola^,
Chap. 8. Wifiory of the If^orld. z-j^
rola, with other Towns and Caftles they had loft. The Gemoit. pctctmn^ j^n^hrifii,
that they were all bent upon their Land-fervice , and neglefted the Sea , rig ''
out thirteen new Gallies , appointing no Admiral , but that each Captain
(hould be Admiral by turns for fome dayes. Thefe are commanded into the
Adriatick to joyn with M<i/f/jejp 5 they much annoyed the Fenetiatis. But Ni-
colaus Goarciis Prince of Gew/w , underftanding that Pe/crfre^^w his enemy,
who had efcaped out ofprifon, had raifed Forces and joyned himfelf with
^rnabos againft him and the State, fends for Spinuh and Marnlus to come
home with fome part of their Fleet : Thefe having fet their Forces oh (hore,
10 Peter with his Companies run away. After this, the Venetians by land, the
Genuois by fea, do much annoy each other. Vpon this, Amattis the 7. Prince of
^rf^^^y endeavours to reconcile thefe two States; to this purpofe Ambafladors
are fent to him from both , to whom the Prince makes a fpeech in commenda-
ti n of peace and con cord, of the mifchief of war, and of the vanity in ftriving
for a barren Ifland with the expenceof fo much blood andtreafure. Atlaft
it was agreed that both States (hould renounce their claim to the Ifle Tenedcr
feeing there could be no peace fo long as either of them poflefled it; The
Biftiop oiAqmleid was toenjoy his right in Frhili : fo the peace is concluded-
the fourth year of this war. The Gen uan Fleet is called home from the Adri-
2oaticli: The Venetians fend to the governour ofTe^e^^o/, to come away with
hisgarrifon, and to flight thecaftle, which he refufing to doc, the Gennok
were permitted to-ftorm the caftle, and to demolifti it.
Chap. VIII.
*
30 1. "iht lives of the Popes^ from the year 1 305. tiS 1589, 2. The hijiory of
Hollandrftt^ the next Provmces^fro/n theyear I7^3i. tiU 1404. The hijidry of
Saii^y, from the hcginning till the year 1 397.
WE will now fpeak a little of the Popes of thefe time§. To Boniface
the 8. fucceeded BenediS 1 o. fome fay 1 1 . he fate eight moneths and
fcventeen dayes ; He excommunicated all thofc who had a hand iii
the death of his Predecellor ; he reconciled ^mes and Peter deQolona. (whom
his Predeceflbr had degraded from their Cardinalfliip ) to the Church again 5
40heabfolved alfothe French king, whom £o«7/4« had excommunicated, and
his kingdome from the interdid. About this time Ottoman hid thefounda- 1 2 0 <
tion of the Turkifh Empire ; which Nation had been now five hundred years
in Ajia, but without a Monarchy till now. About the fame time alfo, FlaviUt
il/e//£«// in the Kingdome of Naples^ found out theufe of the Load-ftone
and Mariners Coinpafle. To BenediB fucceeded clemem the fifth of
Burdeaux-, he fate eight years and ten moneths ; he had been Archbifliop of
Xftrdeaux: This was he that tranflated his (eat to Avenion^ where his (uc-
ceflTors continued feventy years, till Gre^or^ the 1 1. Jt was at his Coronation^
that the wall fell down, which killed the Duke of Britain with many others 5
50 the Popes Crown fell from his head, by which he loft a Carbuncle worth 6000
Florens. He made 1 6 Cardinals, among which were James and Peter de Colona^
whom B^^'i^f^ had degraded. He confirmed the King of y^rr^^ow in the king-
dome oi Sardinia. In the Councel oi Lions ( which was the 1 5 gen. Councef)
he condemned the Begards & Beguins^ who denyed the Popes power, and held t 3 I a*
that man might be more pcrfeft in this life then Chrift was, and that one may
be without fin.He abolilhed the Templars^viho had ftood 184 years: in his time
Phili]^
iy5 T7^€ Second Van of the Bo ok. y.
An.Chrifti. Philip the Fair banilhed the Jewes out of^ France ; 7. years after Lervis Vtittus re-
4VVV-' ccived them Bgzm.Rhodes is taken after 4.years fiege ftom the Turk.The pain-
ted Horfe o(Co»Jiantinopk,to the great terrour of the peoplejneighed twice in
one night. John King o^ Armenia left his Kingdom to his brother,and became a
Minorite. Clemens confirms the Univerfity G^Orleans, which Philip ercfted. To
C/ewewf fucceed jf»/)« the22. whofate nineteen years and fourmoneths^ he
ered:edtheArch-bi(hoprickofT<)/e^<7, under whom he appointed fix Suffra-
gans : He fet up in Portugal a new Order of Knights, and alfo in Mgarhia^ cal-
led the Knights of Jefus Chrift, on whom the Templars eftates there were be-
'3^9* flowed, to refift the 5'(«mz.e«/ ; He fctout the Conftitutions called Extrava- 10
gaatet : He appointed the Ave-Maiy Bel to be rung three times a day, towards
the evening : He maintained that the departed fouls refted in certain recep-
tacles, in which they had not thevificnofGod, till the Rcfurredion , this
opinion he retraced upon a Decree of the Facultie of Pans : He canonized
ihomas Aquinas : He confirmed Burgundian CoUedge in Paris^ erefted by
Joanw'iie to Philips the fifth daughter totheEarlof ^wj-^^wwi^.* In his time
Alphonfus the eleventh king o( Spain, by the afliftance ofAlpkonfus the fourth
king of Portugal^ his father-in-law, overthrew the king of Morocco, and five
other barbarous Princes, befides 450C00 Sarazens, With the lofs of 20 Chrifti-
ans onely. The Plcflean Colledge at Paris is erefted by Godfrey Vlejfy. The 20
Earl of Lurbon is made a Duke. VLidiJIaus receiveth the Crown at Cracovia
from the Pope, whofepredeceflbrs, for the murthcr o( Stanilans^ had loft it.
Againftthis Pope was fet up Nicholaiis the Mth, hy Liidovic the Empercur,
who having fate three yeares and three moneths, died in prifon at A-
venion. .
I -> 2 c. To "John fucceeded in the Popedome Benedict the eleventh or twelfth ; he
^ * fate feven years three moneths: He founded the Colledge and Temple of the'
Bernardinesatfi^nx; he fet out a Decretal, thwarting his Predeceflbrs opi-
nion concerning the-departed fouls 5 In his time two other CoUedges were
built at P./r/.r, to wit, the Colledge oiEdnen by Bertrandns Biftiop ofEdua, and 30
the Colledge oiTnron by Eurgolus Archbiftiop of Turon. The Sultan of Egypt
1342. committed the cuftody of Chrifts Sepulchre in Jerufalem to eight Francifcan
Friars. To Bene did fucceeded Clemens the fixthjwho fate ten years fix months :
Hefent into Cermany to have war proclaimed againft the Turks, promifing
indulgences to all that fliould contribute towards that war , and befides, li-
berty to eat eggs and milk upon all fading dayes, except I.ent •> this priviledge
was procurcd by the Bilhops ofTrevers and Cokn^to their Diocefs, but becaufe
theBifhopof 7I/e«/z,reflifedto give aide, hisDiocefswas denied this privi-
ledge, fo that to this time they eat no eggs on fafting dayes. Clemens reduced
the Jubilee to each fiftieth year, and abolifhed the Whippers : In his time the 40
Delphinat oUenna is fold to Phil. Valois for 40C00 Crowns by Prince Humbert
who became a Dominican, upon this condition, that the French kings eldeft
fon (hould be called the Delphin, and that Humbert for his life (hould be al-
lowed yearly icooo. Florens. About this time in Fraficewas inftituted the
knighthood of the Star, and in England the knighthood of the Garter. This
~ Clemens was a great enemy to Ludovic the Emperor. To him fucceeded Tnno-
1352. cent the fixth, who fate nine years eight moneths i he reconciled the Kings
o( France and Engkndihc ratifies the Univerfity and Archbifhoprick oi Prague
in BoheiMta^ erefted by Charles the fourth. About this time John Wick}iff began
to broach his opinions in England. 50
J 2 5 e. To Innocent fucceeded Vrlfan the fifth, who fate eight years four inoijeths 5
this Pope confecrated Maraus the Neftorian Patriarch, who came purpofely
from JlUfai or Seleucia^ where the Patriarchs feat is, to be confecrated at Rome.
^j; X ! He oonfirmed the Order of Saint B^^ef. At this time >^» the frebch king
invaded Bm^^ww^, and annexed \t to France, vjhich Charles ofNavartlSimcd
ashbiiiheritance^ this Cib-ir/ej the fifth afterward beftowed it on hisbroth^'
?hilip
Chap. 8. '; Hijlory of the florid, 277
Philip the Bold. This Pope confirmed the Order of Mount-Olivet. To him j^n.Chrijir.
fucceeded Gregory the eleventhjwho fate feven years two moneths; he brought ^•^''V""'^
back his Chair from Avmion to Ko»/f,upon the revolting of his Towns in
Italy. Charles the wife about this time ordained^that the fons and heirs of the * 3 7 !•
French Kings, fliould be crowned and confecrated at fourteen years of age.
John Gal/eaaf/s having bought the Dukedome of iI///7<?« from WenccJJans took
away Verona, and Vinccntiaixomthe. Scaligers-^ Tadita^ Tarvjjtum^ and other
Towns from the Cararians^ and fubducd Trent, Verufmd, and other places 5 he
defeated alfo the Florentme!, with their Auxiliaries the French. The Polan-
10 ders for 900. years, even till the death oiCafimir the Great, had enjoyed their
own Kings and PrinceSjthatistilltheyear 1370. except IVencejIaus the Bohe-
mian •■) bxtt now Cajimir dying without ifllie male, Ludovic the Hungarian, and
his fon-in-law VLidtJluns jagel/o the Lituanian obtained that Crown, wliich his
pofterity enjoy till this day. After this Gregory had returned into Italy, there
arofe a great Schifme in the Church, for the Italians chofe an Italian Pope, to
wit, Vrban j the French chofe a Frenchman, Clement the feventh, who betook
hivakM to Jvenion-^ this fchifme lafted96. years, even till the Councel of
Conjiance. To Clement fucceeded Benedict the 15. oi Arragon, who fate in Ave-
nion. About thirty years after 'L?/-/'.^« the //^//^« Cardinal chofe Bi??///ia- the
20 ninth. Innocent the feventh, Gregory t\\Q twelfth^ France, Spain, England o
and Scotland followed the French Pope, Italy and other places the Ita- ^ ^"^ "'"
Han.
To Gregory fucceeded Vrban the fixth a Neapolitane,who fate eleven years,
he appointed the Feaft of the Vifitation of our Lady; hi his timeJageUo Prince
oiLitttania, after the death of Lw^/owcKingof Hungary ?xXiA Volonia, whofe
daughter he married , he imbraceth Chriftianity, and is crowned King of Po-
land in Cracovia, and is named Vladijlaus 5 his Countrey Lituania was the laft
in Europe that received Chriftianity. Great conteftation arofe between Ichn
the firft King oiCajiilc and Legian who had married the daughter o^ Ferdinand
^^Kmgoi Portugal, zndjohnthehai^^vdofthis Ferdinand, about the Crown of
Vortugali, but jfi'/jw the Eaftard in the end carried it, and of a Monk became
a King. This Pope allowed and confirmed the Monkilh Order of Jefuites fo
called for often ufing the Name of J E s u s. "john Columbantfs and Francis
Vincentiuf of Sevawete the firft Authors of this Order, they wore a white
coat, girt with a leather girdle, and a cloak of fine wooll over their coat ; they
went bare-footed,only they ufed wooden foles. Charles the fixth of France re-
duced the many Lillies in his Armes to three : In his minority the Clergy *
loft their Tithes, which were employed upon the wars. Thellniverfity of
Cracovia is inftituted by King JageHo, and confirmed by the Pope. Profelfors ^ 3 2 9.
^o were brought from Prague, they were maintained out of the Cuftomes and
Tole of Salt. Two Colledges were erefted, one for Divines and Philofophers
the other for Lawyers and Phyficians. To Vrban fucceeded Boniface the 9.
fourteen years eleven moneths ; this Pope injoyned the Anuates,or one years
fruits of Benefices, to be paid into the Apoftolical Treafure towards the wars
againft the Infidels. About this time Emanuel Chryfoloras^ by the Popes allow-
ance, brought back into /^<«/;y the Greek Tongue, which had been banifhed
thence 700. years. The Univerfity of Erfurd is erefted, and four Colledges
more at Paris. At Avenion to Clement the 7. fucceeded Benedi&the 13. Anti-
pope, who was depofed by the Synod of Park.
jQ We faid before , that to John the fourth of Holland fucceeded John the
Hanonian, who defcended from King William by his fifter; this Hanonian
was oppoled by John Renejfius heretofore condemned for Treafon ; he drew
to his fide moft of the Nobility, and feifed upon IValachria 5 the controverfie
is referred to Charles^ the French King , by the Earle of Renejjius , but he per-
ceiving Charles inclined to the Ear], appeals to Albert the Emperour, pre-
tending that H<»//rf»<!/ did now fall to the Empire j the Earles Family having
H h failed 5
zjS The Second Tan of the Book.V.
Jn.Chrijii failed; Upon \K\% Albert raifcth an Army, whom the Earl meets with his
i-/'"V^»-i Forces , when they were ready to fight, the Bifhop of Colen interceded, and a
peace concluded, conditionally that the Earl (hould hold Holland in fee of the
Empire; [oRenej/ins his hopeSwere frufiratcdj and commanded to forbear
medling with Zelatid t, yet he raifed fome troubles afterward in Holland , but
he was defeated and driven into Brabant. After this the Earl had wars with
the Bifhop of "Z^/r/r/j^, in which theBifhop was killed, and another fubftitu-
ted in his place. At laft the Earle defirous to live quiet, hc^^ov/^A Holland
upon hiseldeft Ton, and Zcland upon iVilliam^ and fo went back to Hanonia
or Ncrv/a, but his tranquility was interrupted by the wars o( Flanders with .^
ThiUp of France ; for the Earl o^ Artok^ fon-in-law to this Hanonian^ had in-
volved himfelf in this war, in which he loft his life, The Flandiians having
defeated the French, invaded Hanonia^ becaufe it fided with the French;
whereupon Holland^ to help the Hanonian, and to call back the Flindrian
Forces thence, falls upon Flanders : under the condud of Ifilliam , the
Flandriansin the mtcnmmvs^dcd WaUchria ^ ;F//7/<?a'/ is forced to encounter
them ; but his fuccefs failed, for he was defeated, and hardly efcaped to Mid-
dkbitrgh^ which he was alfo forced toquit to the Flcmin^^ who had now got
all IValachr'ia^ oue\y Zirizea remained, which was a fneker for ^^'///m;;'/ ; this
Town held out a iiege, and at laft with a few refolute Souldiers flew and 20
drowned I soo. of the enemies. Ctiyo^ Flanders upon this refolved to invade
Holland^ and firft he defeats the Battavian Army ; then takes in all the Towns
of North-HoU.ind, except Harli'M. TheDukeof i'nfi.'w^ claimes title to South-
Holland^ which fubmits to his Forces, except Dort ; this Town not onely held
out againft him, but at length, with incredible fuccefs, drove him quite out of
Ho/land. Cuy returnes into Zel.md, befiegeth again Zirizea, which ftoutly re-
fifted, though much oppreifed by the enemy without, and famine within. A
French Fleet is fent to joyn with the Zelanders againft the Flemings j Four
of the French Ships ftuck upon the fhelves, which the enemy intended to
burn with fome tire-fhips ; but the wind turning about , drove the fire ^^
upon the enemy ; a great fight enfued , in which the Flandrians were
defeated, and Guy carried prifoner into France: fo Zirizea and all Zeland
are now at liberty. RencJJins the prime incendiary , who had fled to V-
iricht, not daring to truft the Town, was ;naking an efcape by boat,
which in the River by the weight of the paflengers was funk, and fo
they were all drowned. Hannonins hearing of the great fuccefs of his fon, fell
lick with fudden joy, and died.
After this Robert Earle of Flanders intended to renew the warre with
Holland^ but is reconciled by the mediation of friends. About this time
it rained for ten moneths together, upon which followed a general Plague ^o
and Famine.
William after this had fome controverfie with "y/r/cA/ upon the death of
G//; the Bifhop, who held fome Lands belonging to Holland'^ he joyned him-
felf afterward to I k<;/cw<: the Emperour, againft Frederick^ theAuftrian, and
then forces the rebellious Friflanders to pay tnhwte to Holland. At laft this
* 3 3 /• Earle died, and was buried in Valenciens. He was fo juft, that he put to death
theGovernour oi Sonth-Holland^ioxtzkXn^ a Cow from a Countrey-inan ,
this was William the third.
To him fucceeded William the 4. he married the D. of Erabants daughter ,
by whom he had no children ; he afiifted Edrv. of England againft the French, -q
the Boruffians againft Cajimiroi Poland^ and the Spaniard againft the Sara-
zens 5 he vifited the Holy-I-and ; to him was offered the Empire, when Ludo-
vic v>/as caft out by the PopCjWhich he refufed to accept ; in hiswars againft V-
tricht he received a wound in the foot ; and as he was fighting againft the
Friflanders ^he was flain, and his head cut off in difgrace, and his whole Army
defeated; iie being dead without iffue^ hhfiikex Margaret , wifeto Uidovic
the
C'H A p.8. Htftory of the TForld, lyp
the Emperour fucceeded, who having ruled that Province one year returns to An.Chnjii.
her husband Ludovic, and commits the care of the State to her fon William of ^'<''V'>«'
favaria, conditionally that he fhould pay yearly to her i oooo Scutati 5 about
which lime Vtrichtvind Holland fell out, and the Hollanders vverebeat- but
.by means of the Duke of Brabant and Earl of Ckve^ the Bilhop was forced to
make peace with Holland. About this time Margaret pretending that her foil
did not keep his Articles, demands her Earldome again, which he upon this
ibrfook, to the g reat difcontent of Holland , for they loved him better then
the Mother; hereupon a Civil war arifeth between thofe who favoured the
Ip fon, and them who adhered to the mother: Leiden, Jn/Jierdam^ and moftof
the Cities held with William^ King Edward rf England affifted Margaret i,
there enfued a cruel Sea-fight between the Brill and Gravefend in the mouth
.of the Mofa. At laft it was agreed upon, that Margaret Ihould have Hanonia I 3 S^t*
and William the reft, who married with the Duke of Lancajiers daughter of
.whom be had no children : The Biftiop of Vtricbt and he had Wars afteir
which he fell mad, and killed one Gerard a Nobleman in his fu>y , wherefore
he is imprifoned, and ftrifearofe about the Government of the State; fome
ftanding for V/illiams wife , others for Albert his brother , who upon this
isfentfor; the old civil quarrel burfts out again, which not without much
2G blood and. trouble, was appeafed by Albert, who was Protedlor of Holland lo 1377.
years, i\t laft ^i//w«? being dead, ^//(er? fucceeded.
IlixxXq Albert having buried his former wife, marrieth with Margaret
the daughter of Adolphuj of Clive, of whom he had no childrei^s he do-
ted upoii Alitha a Strumpet, who was killed by the confent of the Nobility ;
thefe the Earlethreatned with death; the Earls fonne interceding for them
was forced to flieinto France from his fathers wrath; but John o^ Bavaria
obtained pardon for them all. Atkngth Albert died, and was buried at the
Hague. 1^0^:
Savoy or Sabandia, of old Allobroges, from a King of that name , was in
5g the Romanes time 3. Kingdome, whofe king Bitulto was taken by Fab. Max,
Afccvthe Romanes, the Bitrgundians ohtamed this kingdome, and was a part
of Gallia Narbonenjis, and of the Kings of Aries ; it was a member of the Em-
pire till the year (^i^^.whcnBerald of Saxony, brother to O/A^ the third for
killing^^iry his Uncles wanton wife, fled from Germany, and feated himfelf
here 'mthtC\ty Mori enna^ towliom fucceeded his fonne Fw/^^t-r* firft Earle
of this City, which title he obtained from Conradt/s , {omc fay Henry the
fccond Emperour, bccaufe his father Berald had recovered it with the
kingdome oi Arks to the Dukedome of £«rg««^^ from his enemies and
had made the way through the Alpes, clear from Theeves and Robbers; he
40 married the daughter of the Marquefs of ^efi:///?^, by v/hich he with his wife
■ becameiiis Heirs. He died at fifty years of age, to whom fucceeded his fon
AmadeHs, Humbert wsishnnedinS.'johns Church of Morienna^ which he had
beautified and inriched. • ■
To Humbert fucceeded hh Sotin6 At^adeuf "Earle of A fattrienna and
Marquefs of ^«y^ ; he was called Candattts by Henry the Third, Empe-
rour, becaufe of his long Traine or Taile 9f young Gentlemen that al-
wayes followed him. He affifted William Earle of Burgundy againft the
Prince of Z.<7r^/'«e. After he had given good proofe of his valour in that
war, ]^;died, and is buried with his Father. To him fucceeded Hum- io8oi
fc^ ^er* thei fecond >, who having fubducd the petty King of Brianconinm^
that tyrannized over his Subjeds and Neighbours : he went againft the Sa-
razens, and in the Holy-Land did good fervice in affifting Godfrey of Bui-
lofgn'y he coritrafted in' his long journey, adifeafe, which at length killed
him. In his time Bruno having drawn many fchollcrs with him out of Partf
retired ipto a defartneer Gratianofolis inNarbon^ and there inftituted the Car'
; a Hh2 To
zSo The Second Tan of the Book V.
AnXhrijii. To Humbert fucceeded his fon Amad£us the fecond: for his valour and good
<Jrsr^ fervice to the Empire, he is made by Henry the fifth Emperour, Earle of Savoy,,
which was held in fee of the Empire, of old it depended upon Bnr gundy ; but
whenthiswasapartof the Empire, Savoy was governed by the Emperours
officers, who abufing their power in opprefling the people, vi^re put out, and
this Am^daus made Earl e. He fubdued the Earle oi Geneva, who out of fpleen»
becaufe Amadous would not marry his daughter, invaded his Territories with
a great Army, which was defeated, and the Genevan himfelf killed. He had
quarrels with Lewif the Grofle of France^ which were taken up by St. Bernard:
Afterward he went againft the Sarazens mAjta, with the fame Lems, and I®
C(?»/"rf^«j- the third, Emperour, but in his return home he died in Cyprns. He
1148. crededtwoAbbies.
To him fucceeded his fon Humbert the third, who fo grieved for the death
of his wife the Earle of Flanders daughter , that he could receive nocomfortj,
till by the advice of the Bifhop of Geneva^ he went to two holy men who had
retired themfelves from the world , and profefled a ftrift kindeof life, neat
the lake Lemannus , from thefe he received fo much comfort, that in memory
thereof he ereded a Monaftery in the fame place , oiled Altacomba^ which
he richly endowed, and furniflied it with twenty Monks taken out of the
Cifterckn Abbey; there did the Earle himfelf live a monaftical life with thefe 20
Monks for one years fpace , and then returned to his government. By the
earneft intreaty of his people, he was induced to marry again; his fecond wife
dyed, and his daughter he had of her, which fo renewed his grief, that he re-
tired privately to his former coutfe of life in & folitary place near the fame
o lakcjwhere he founded an Abbey to iheVirgin-Mary^Avid. having placed Certain
" ^ '' Monks there, refolves to live and die with them ; but that he Was again over-
come with the importunate requefts of his peoplc,befeeching him to return to
his government, and to marry again for procreations fake : of this third Wife
he had a fon called ihomas^ whereat he was fo gladjthat to teflifie his gratitude
to the blcfl'ed Virgin , he founds a Priory at the entry of the faitte lake to her^ V^
and to St.MaHritiui the Martyr, and filled it with Monks out of the Society of
St. Pc^er of Chinie. At laft this devout Earle, after his return fiom FtokMaffi
with P/j%^«?«/^, fell into a lingering difeafe, and then died : He was in-
3 Q J tcrred in the Monaftery of Altacomba which he built to the Virgin. TO him
' * his fon 'thoMos fucceeded, being yet a ehilde.
The Earle of Burgundy^ Uncle to this Thomas^ undertook his tuition, whieh
he performed faithfully, keeping off all the ftorms which ufe to fall upon
States in the Princes minority. Ihomas being noW of years, fuppreffeth ttiC
forces of Guy Earle of Geneva^ him he takes prifoner with his daughter,whom
he was conveying to Vhtlip AugHJtitsi^t French King to be married 5 but the ^(^
Maid was fo in love with Thomas^ that fhe married him againft her fathers Cdn-
fent, therefore ihomas viovlIA notfet Guyzt liberty, beeaufe herefnfed to
give his confent , till he had made the Earldome of Geneva a Fee-fifttiitoS**
voy. After T/)<j«f^/ had returned from his expedition againft the Albigmfes,
whofe dodrine was much fpread through Narbon , he joyned the Prineipality
of Fientont (which was fallen into divers fadion^ for Want of a fu<5Ge{for, th^
Princes ilTue being extind) to his Earledome of -y^w;/. In Fientent he built
many Caftles to keep the Country in obedience,and eafed them of their heavy
Taxes, and fo prtvented all occafioas of rebellion. He fubdued alfo the Mar*
quefsof Alontsferrat, and the^j^^Jej, who were ccmfederate with Piemota, 5©
At laft grieving for being forced to fide with Frederic 2, Emperor AgaitifV the
1233, Pope, fell fick, and died.
To Thomas fucceeded his fon Amadous the third : he took divers |4aces in
Lombardy upon the civil quarrels of that people, and killed the goverttour fot
imprifoning his Ambaifadours as they were going from Jimtdttus td Ro0fe. H«
reftored the Country of Yalefia. to the Church of Sedun : At laft , Jetatting
from
Chap. 8. Htf^ory of the IVorld. z8 1
from Lions^dihcx he had ialuted the Pope,and had conveyed his fifters daughter jin.Chrijii
to be married to Charlet Saint Lewk his brother, he died, and was buried ^"'^"^^^'^
with his Anceftors in the Monaftery of Mtaco/ffha .• whofe fon Boniface fup- * ^ 4 ^<'
ceeded ^ his fortune was not anfwerable to that of his Predeceflbrs, for as he
, was fighting againft the Marquefs o^ Montsferrat, the Taurini and Jjienfes, he
is taken prifoner and carried to Taurimm, with his chief companion and
cownfeller the Marquefle oisdnjia^ where he was unworthily ufed, notwith-
ftanding Pope Alexander 4. had laboured for his liberty, which would not be
granted, and therefore the tauriniant are excommunicated; in the interim
to Earl Boniface with grief, fome think with poifon died, never having married 5
his body being ranfomed with a great fum of mony , was buried in S. ']ohns
of Maurienna. At this time fell out the captivity of Saint Lewis and his
brothers. 125^
Though Boniface had a fifter^ yet Hie was not permitted to fucceed, becaufe
of her fex , therefore his uncle Peter is made Earl of Savoy. Henry the tliird
of England^ who had married Elianor his fillers daughter, made him Earle of
Bichmond. For his fortitude and fuccefle , this Pe/er was called lutiior charlet
the Great. He purpofed to be revenged of Taurintuft for the death of Boni-
face, therefore laycs a ftrait fiege to it , which was relieved with viftualij
20 ftrangely j two hundred Boat-men, for a great fumme of money , chained
certain barrels full of provifion, which they fank into the river r^", fo artifici-
ally, that neither did they fink to the bottom, nor appeare above the watery
behind them certain Divers fwimmed under water j which thruft the Casks
forward ; and before there dived others, who pulled the Casks into the town:
but at laft this trick being either found out or fufpefted, a bridge of boats is
made over the river,and great peeces of timber driven into the ground, that
nothing could pafle that way j fo the Town having fpent her provilion , was
forced to furrender. The firft thmg IPeter did, was the punifhing of thofe who
had a hand in the death of 5<7»i^ 5 afterward this City of T«r/« was bellow-
*^ed by the Emperor upon Pe/e;*.
After this, Pefe^fubdued many ofthe neighbouring places, took in divers
Forts and towns upon theLakeof Ge»e^4,and difmifledall his prifoners with-
out ranfome, having fwom fealty to him. So Pc^crquieted all about him, and
. takes a journey for England to fee Queen Elianor his fillers daughter. The
Earl of Geneva takes occafion by Meters abfenoe to ftir a rebellion igaihll him j
and therefore feifeth upon fome of his caftles, giving out he was dead. Vpoa
the report of thefe doings, Veter procures 4000. Englifti foot, which he trans-
ported by fea io Savoy ly his coming was fo fuddcn , that none knew of it tilt
he was there: He firft takes in the Caftles that were revolted, and puts the
A© Governors to death ; then falls upon the Territories of Geneva , but by the
mediation of the Earl oi Burgundy a peace is cX)ncluded between the Savoy an
aid Genevan^ fo that the Genevan (hould pay a great fumme of mony to the
Savcyan for the charges he had been at in this war,Jind withall Antadem Ihould
fceep the Caftles which he had regained. Then he builds a ToWn called Mat^
gtfiffy upon the bank of the Lake,and four Caftles in the Territories 0^ Vienna^
afterward he makes a joumy vaxxi G€rmattyxi&yi[\lBJ.ehard^x\c^ Cornwall
who had married Elianon ir^tt Queen oiEugiatid^ and was in competitiori
with AlfhonfusioxxheEm^Q* Pe/^r having fwom fealty to Richard^ oht^Jmi
of him foil power and right over the Taurmii, tftragrJ^ SaUfsii, and Z^mlxif,
5Q for him and his pofterity --, but at lenigth Peter being returned from Germmj
into Sanwy, fell into a Kngrmg malady ,^ of ^vfcich he dyed , having made his 126^*
brother PAi/ij> (bemg then at K<?«»^) Iras heireandfuccefibr, in confirmation
eflvfeich he caufed his Ring to be delivered to him , &% Alexander did to
F^/c«W5 thiscufto»iec5ntinuedevePaherin*««»^. >
- rhiiif having received the ring ctf S. Miuum^ (which had been given to
|>^r«rbya certain Al^t)fucc««d$ in tkeEalldcnkes he was a Church-man,
ij-^ ana
2.82, 'TheSecondTartofthe Book.V.
An Chrifii. and held theBiftiopricks o^Lions and Vakntiim in Comtuendamihwi this Church-
v>v>-» life he forfook, and married. Thqleof^emeandfr/W^^, having made their
peace with the Emperor K^/^/j o( Habjpurgh , who had made war upori the
Stvitzers he takes fome towns and forts from this r/j//?/^, who complained
thereof to the Pope, hoping he would have dealt with the Emperor for fatif- .
faftion h but finding none, he fell fick with difcontent, and fo for ten yearcs
' ^ ^' together pined away, and died. He divided his eftate before he died, among
his Brothers fons : to I homos the cldeft he bequeathed Tiedmont j to Lerpis the
youngeft- the Barony of Vanixjum--^ but to Amadens the middlemoft , whom
he had br'ed and loved beft, he gave Savoy :, for confirmation of which, left his lo
brothers afterward Ihould quarrel with him, he beftowed on him S.Afanrice
his Ring, and caufed mony to be ftamped with his name on it •■, he alfo by his
laft will ordered , that if either of the other two brothers fhould repine at this
divifion as being unjuft, he (hould forfeit his legacie. Before his death, he
caufed proclamation to be made through Suvoy and Burgundy , that if he had
done wrong to any man, or was indebted to him, he would make fatisfodion
to the full. He beftowed the richeft furniture of his houfe upon the Abbyof
Altacomba , where he would be buried with his h nccftors j and increafed the
revenues thereof. ■
To Thilip fuccecded Amadeusi^. his brothers fecond foo. He had long war 20
with the Earl of Geneva, and Hutftbert the Delphin of Vienna : the Genevan
laboured to incenfe ih&Kias^ under pretext of wrong done him by Amadr.us his
younger brother, for accepting ^<ti;tfj^ hvit ihomiis was fo faithful, that he
would not ftir againft his brother V wherefore the Delphin got him with fome
of his forces which he had raifed in defence of his brother, into an ambulh,
and flew him : but fearing left Amadeus would be revenged upon his Country
for this flaua;hter, he invites the Genevan to fall; with fire and fword upon the
lands of Leir^- the youngeft brother, hoping by this to keep off the Savoyaa
forces from his own land. Amadem feeing that one of his brothers was killed,
and the lands of the other wafted, fals fuddenly .with an army upon the Gene- 30
van territoties , feifeth on the bridge which joyned Savoy with his brothers
countryi,and guards it -, the Genevan being amazed at \ this fudden coming of
AmadiMf-i prefently flies 5 the Savoyan takes in fome forts and caftles, which
he furniftieth with men and pr'ovilion to keep off any more incurfions into
his brothers country 5 the territories on both fides are miferably wafted with
fucandfsvord, and the inhabitants with plague and famine , till peace was
1298. concluded by the Popes Legats,and the Englifh and BurgundianAmbafladors^:
b)Lit this, peace lafted-not long :5 for when the Delphin underftood that the
Frilf infers whom the Savoyan aiMed, were .overthrown by the Bcrnem, he
tooKoCoafion upon this to irwadeithe Savoyan territories j againft his oath-4Q
and promife. Aifmicv^ was:now; fGrcedto-^take arms j therefore invades the
enemies .country, takesthe town Bellocdmba'^ and puts all that made refiftance
flo the fword s then he m^rchstKto Ox>ncellmmi whithtr the Delphin had fieds
toy{\m Amadem fejids an HecaJd^ accuGugium of his perjury, and challengiiig
him either Gngly, into. thefieldj^ ortomtethimAVithhisarmy^ theDelphii>
returned h.irti tlks anfwery Thache would .hoc contend with him in ftrength
of body, in which nnto3gl6ry tonfiftcd not,', for Buls were ftronger. then men,-
buthq would encounter his Amy with inothtr, when time ferved. Amad«m
perceiving the (jeg^. would beitjBg, and, His proviliohs failed, marched bacfc,!
and.jn the way took in a Gaftk^ and feifed;a'pon : great ftore of catteH. but the jq
,B^ £ I $c^r,tQf;]ii8 Army, was cutlcaffiibfythe pelpkms fouldiers who lay in ambufhf
qpdipuGh c^f tl?<| catit^Lwer^icegained. "Ilhe Saveyannpon this refolves to raife
ujprtefqrces , but^ by the mcQKi^of CliaMes King o^ Sicily a peace israade be->
twecnthcSavoyan^thc G^im/<rnf.Wi^ithQ il^tlphm. The city j(>«"fi« upon th^
WMi/jnp^of P/e'^«/tfw*, be!ing!lpngopprelled;biy the Guelphs and Ci'
l^(ijicj^izi laft chofe ^^/^^((^iKijJj'theiE JBipteftoTj who cci:6nciled;the fadion%
Chap. 8. Htfiory of the IVorld. 283
and aboliflicd their names. But in the abfence oi Amadeus ^ the Earle oi An.ckrifii,
Ge««/.i builds a Caftle near the Town , much ofFenfive to the Savoyen. He W^'^V^
again on the other fide builds a Caftle to offend the Gcnevan^And fo the peace is
broken again. The Dolphin alfo, who ftill fided with the Genevan againft Savoy ^
draws away fome of the Savoyen Tenants from their allegiance , chiefly Mom-
Leli^Loidof EntrefuentJUm. Hereupon Jmadeusheiiegeth Entremontiiiv^^ and
takes it and in it the Lord,who falling on his knees begged pardon5and had it.
YJ hiUi Amadeus was employed in befieging Entremontium , the Earle of
Gt'«e'y.?bythehelpof aflidionintheCity, got pofleflion of it, which did
10 properly belong to the Bifhop of Geneva, not to the Earle j but in a fhort time
the City declaring for the Savoyen , drove out the faftion , and the Earle was
fain to flie : Many were laid in irons , and their houfes pulled down , whom
Amadeus put to death as foon as he came , and took the Caftle which held out
againft him 5 putting all within it to the fwordy except the women : (hortly
after the Bifhop was banifhed for plotting to bring in the Earle of Geneva.
again , and his Caftle pulled down ; Not long after the Earle of Geneva.
dieth, and fo doth the Dclphin, whofe fons confpired to continue their fathers
quarrel againft the Savoyen, who hereupon fends his fon Edveard with a
puiffaut Army againft them 5 Edrvardohvjimsa glorious vidory, and returns
20 to his father with great joy : Atlength the Countries being wafted with long
war, a peace is concluded , and the Savoyens daughter is married to William
Earle of Ge»w^ ^ but this peace lafted not above two years j for the Delphtn
perceiving that he could not perfwade the Genevan to break with his fither
inlaw, labours by treachery to get the Town and Abbey o£ Ambrimaya ^ for
that purpofe deals fecretly with three wicked Monks of that Abbey , born in
Delph/ny, to betray the place , which they did , by letting in through a back-
gate the Delpbins forces^ this being done, the three Monks feife on the Abbot
in the Church-porch betimes in the morning as he was going to Mafie , and
hanged him from a high window , becaufe he was alwayes averfe from their
20 wicked courfes 5 the Savoyen heading of this wicked ad , fends a confiderable
Army thither,who fuddenly feifefl on Ambrimaya , puts all to the fword that
were for the £)e/p/j/«, and fends t|ie three Monks to the Ecclefiaftick Magi-
ftratetobcpunillied. The Delphin upon this, takes by treachery from the
SavoyentheOji{\\e Mirebellum , which heftrongly garrifons, and returns to
Delphiny ^ when he heard that the Savoyen was upon his march with a great
Army, who fits down before the ftrong Town of St. German in the Delphinatj
but perceiving the place was well provided of all things to endure a long
liege, he ufeth this ftratagem : He rifeth with his Army pretending to befiege
Languienum ; when thofe of St. German feeing the danger Langienitm was in,
40 fent out their chief provifions and forces to relieve it : Upon this, the Savoyen.
returns with his Army to S. German, which he takes with eafe, being deftitute
of their aid, which could not get in to them, yet the Townf^men fought till
they were almoft all llain 5 the Caftle alfo atlaftyeelded ; then Amadeus be-
liegeth and taketh the Town Amberievum. The lofs of thefe two places fo
grieved the De/;>A/« , thatftiortly after he fell fick and died. About which ^ 3°4«
time was the war between Vhrlip of France and the Flemings 5 Philip to make
himfelf fo much the ftronger, got the Savoyen and Delphin to refign both
their Annies to him, which they did, and after a long war peace is concluded.
Amadeus made his fon EdwardGenexsX of the Savoy forces.
PQ This Amadeus for his good fervice at Rhodes was honoured with the title
of Great, and a filver Croffe (the Arms of the Knights of S.John of Jerufalem')
was added to his Arms. He inftituted a CoUedge for fix little children in the
Monaftery of Clnny , who were to pray for the Earles of Savoy 5 becaufe the
Earle and his wife both dreamed at one time, that they faw fix little children
pray to God to fend the Earl and his Countefs iffue which hitherto they
wanted: This Colledge was called the HolyCovent. At laft, Amadeus^ as he
was
z8/\. The Second Tan of the Book V.
A^.CkriJii. was going to Aventon to procure aid for his fon in law , the Emperour gf Bjf-
^-<^"^^^^>-^ 24«//««z,againft the Turks, died, and was buried in Altacomki.
* 3 2 3- Edward the ninth, E^rle of Suvoy^ received the R-ing, and fucceeded to his
father, he was a good Prince and Souldier, butfowaftefiilinhis expences,
that he was forced to raife heavy Taxes from his people t, he picked a quarrel
with F<?«c/5wz«/ who married his fifter Mary ^ and without any caufe at all,
made war upon him , in which his Army was defeated, and had almoft been
taken prifoner himfelf, but that he was refcued by the Lord of Entremontmm^
whofe life he had faved heretofore, when he was taken by his father Arttadats.
This fame Edward interceded for his life the fecond time, where being Am- lo
balladour for the Delphin at Park , he killed in the Kings own prefence the
governour of his Palace, for which he had fuffered, if Edward^ being then pre-
1329. fent^had not begged his pardon. This Edward died with grief at r<o-«-, for
the ill fuccefs he had in his former war, and is buried in Altacomha.
Amadcus the fifth , brother to Edward being at Avmion with Pope ^ohn 22.
is called home againft his will, and invefted in the Earldom e by the Ring^
Edwards daughter, by the Saliqm law, is put by;, but her husband the Duke of
Britan would not fuifer her to give up her right till (he received a great fumme
of money for it. The Df/p^/;; growing infolent for the vidory he got a while
ago over EcJrv.ir/^ , began now with tire and fword towaftethe borders of 20
Savoy. Hereupon Amtdcttf, though other wife a peaceable Prince, is forced to
take Arms in his^fubjefts right, having firftm.adc a league with the Earl of
■Geneva:, hetherefoi'e firfrfcts upon the Caftle ]llonthoiifiiim ^ which he took
with great refolution and courage , for he was thefirft that fcaled the walls,
and leapt down thence upon a Plairl, keeping off the Enemy till his forces
came to his affiftance : after this he built and took in other Caftles. The
Delphin to requite Amadem , befiegeth the Caftle Terneria in Savoy 5 but as he
was coming too near to view the works, is killed with an arrowy whereupon
the Caftle was the more fiercely affaulted , and at laft furrendered, upon con-
dition that they (hould have their lives ^ but the Articles were prefently bro- ?P
ken by the befiegcrs, who put all the belieged to death, for the lofle of
their Commander, having no regard of fexe or age : the Caftle alfo is totally
demolifhed. But when Hwwkrnhe De/p^/w; brother fucceeded, rhtl/pFaloiJh
m'akes a firm peace between Savoy and the Ddphinat : So Amadetts gives
himfelf totally to building, repairing, and enriching of Religious houfe'sj he
gathered together all his Ancefters bones which had been buried abroad, and
laid them up in the Chappel of AltMomba. At laft he died, having left a young
1 342. fon Amadetfs nine years old.
AmadcHs 6. fucceeded,furnamed the Gre cw,becaufe he and his Court did wear
ufually green cloaths.Llpon the dcnhoi Robert King of^/cz7;'jthe Principality 40
XD^ Piedmont fell to this Awadeuf, and to James Prince o^Morea. Roberts Neece
being rejefted by the Saliqite law. The hrft ad Amadcus did, was the reftoring
of the Bifhop of Sedmmm to his place, being wrongfully thruft out by the
giddy multitude. After this, new quarrels arife between him and the Delphif/^
becaufe Hwg^ of Geneva had got the Baronry of Ge/Ji/tm^ which was given by
EIngard Lord thereof to Amadeus the fifth of Savoy. Amadetts the fixth fends to
Hugh that he ftiould come and do his homage for that Baronry, this he refiifcd,
fayingj, that he was bound to do his homage to the Dclph/n, not»to him.
Whereupon the Savoy en takes the Caftle o^Elor/monttim by ftorm,and flrortly
after the ftrong Town Geijtim. H«^/? of (?e«ct;^ to requite this , takes fome 50
Forts in Savoy, and puts all to the Sword. Great flaughter and fpoil is done
on both fides 5 till the De/p/j/« refigned his intereft in the Delphmat to Philip
t'aloife tiie French King. Upon this, the limits o^ Savoy , and the Delphinat are
fo fetled , that all occafion of future quarels are taken away. The river of
Gmerm is made the bounder of their Territories : But no fooner had Amadetts
disoanded his forces , when the Archbiftiop of MiUan took occafionto lay
claim
Chap. 8. Bifiory of the Jf^orld. 185
da!\m\.o Piefacnt, therefore entertains the disbanded Souldiers, with a muJ- ^n.chrijii
titude of high- way men , whom he employed to invade Viemont 5 yet in this ^^^"^^"-^
adtion he would not be fcen himfelf. But the Savoyen quickly fupprefled thefe '
Robbers, and hanged up r><i?^/(^andil(7^er^ their Captains, with many others
whom they took alive. After this he bought theBaronry o^ Vaulxium ^ and
made war upon the rr/«fe of Morea-^ for killing the Earls meflenger fent to
fummon the Prince : He took divers Forts and Caftles from this Prince, which
afterward he reftored, being reconciled to him, having I0II: Batmeus and
ChaUntJuf^h'is two chief friends in this war.
10 This Earle inftituted the orderof the^»«»«Wrf, in memory of the An-
nunciation of our Lady : He ordained fourteen of the prime Nobibity to be
of this Colledge, on each of whom he beftowed a golden Collar, with the
Virgins effigies hanging at it 5 within the links of the Collar, are engraven
thefe four letters, F. E. R. T. which was the Motto of Amadeus the Great,
who took Rhodes-^ for the meaning is, Fortitudo ejuiRhodum tcnitjt. The
annual folemnity is held on our Lady-day in the Caftle of S. Peter in Turin :
this example was followed by Leip^- the eleventh o^T ranee , who inftituted
the order of S. Afichael^i Philrp the governour of Burgundy^ author of the order
of the Golden-Fleece^ and Edward the third of England^ who ordained the
20 order of the Carter.This Earl ereded a Monaftery ofCarthuJians to pray for the
fafcty of this order of the Annunciation. After this,the Earl goeth againft the
Marquefs o^Salnz,z,es,who had confpired with theArchbifhop oiMillan againft
him, whomhavingbefieged, he forced him to come into his Pavilion in an
humble way, with a napkin bound about his neck , and publikely to beg par-
don, and to take again the oath of Allegiance. Afterward peace being con-
cluded in France, the Englifh fouldiers going to help the Marquefs ofAIonts-
ferrat againft the Vicount of Mil/an , were forced to march through PieMont-^
at which the Earl being offended takes up Arms againft them : the Engliflj
upon this take many of his Forts, and befiege the Earl iwLanfai, but upon
2Q the payment of two thoufand and four hundred pounds, the Englip are con-
tent to leave off the fiege , to reftore the Forts and prifoners, and to march
peaceably through the Country. After this he raifeth a great Army,and fo did
Lewis Duke of Burhon againft Peter K. ofCaJiile, who to pleafc his whoi e Mary
had ftifled his own wife Blanca fifter to the Duke oi Burhon^ and to the wife of
Amadeut : but hearing that Peter was killed by Henry his baftard brother, they
alter their refolution from invading Cajiile^ and intend to fet upon the Defpot
of Bulgaria^ who under pretence of friendship had imprifoned John Pak-obats
Emperonr of Conjiantinopk; he tranfports his men to Ca/frpolfs, which Amu-
r^^/icj had invaded : the Barbarians refifted his landing a while, but at laft
40 were forced to give way. As foon as the Chriftian Army was landed , they
had divers skirmifhes with the Turks and Bulgarians, whom Amadeus defeated,
and took in divers of their Forts , afterwards he befiegeth Varna^which caufed
the Bulgarian to fet the Emperor at liberty , who vtith Amadeus were received
into Biz,<«»^/«/« with great joy : But the ^4z;<?ye«difliking divers of the Greek,
Ceremonies in their Divine-fervice, urgeththe Empciourto unite the Greeks
Church with the Latine, towhichhecondefcended^ and to let the Earle fee
he was reall, he fends to Pera, where Amadeus was, the fons of his chief
Nobility as hoftages, and withall the Imperial Diadem, and fhortly
after he goeth himfelf to Rome for that purpofe^ but being denied by
50 the Pope a few Gallies againft Amurathes the Turk, he returnes home
without any thing done in the union , which might then have been eafily
cfFeeted.
Whilft Amadeus was abfent in Confiantinopk , 2utrnal>as Vifcount of
Mil/an, with his brother Galeadus invade Piemont, to whom joyned the
Marquefs of Sah/JJia, and Philip fon of James, Prince of Morea 5 Earl Amadeus
hearing of this, was forced to leave ofFprofecuting the union of the Greeks and
I i Latine
zS6 l^he Second Tart of the Bo o k. V,
An.Chrijij. L-«/wc Churches , and repair with all fpeed to Savoy, at whofe comming the
w''V>-' Enemy retreats back to Lombardy ; but the Satnfsian, and rhiUf of Morea. (lay-
ing too long bchinde, were cut off by the Savoyen. After this, the Marquefs of
Adontsferrat with the Savoyen help, overthrew the Vifcounts Army, which had
taken fome Towns from the Marquefs, and befieged^//^, upon this defeat,
ihefiege israifed. After this, Amxdeus is employed by Charles the fourth,
Emperour, Pope Gregory the eleventh, and Joan Queen o£ Naples, all
whofe lands were invaded by Barnabv of MilJan , and his brother Galeacius :
asainft thcfe the Earle marcheth , takes Cojfia , and reftores it to the Queen,
then takes divers Towns from the Enemy , and forceth Gakarins to make his lo
peace, which was granted conditionally he fhould not help his brother, and
foall the forces joyn together againft Barnaho, who upon this hafleneth to
JlJii/afT, fearing the Enemy would befiegeit, which indeed the Savoyen in-
tended, had the Popes forces come in time, which were now upon their
march , but could not joyn with Amadens , becaufe Barnabo had opened the
fluces and drowned all the paffagcs •■, yet afterward Awadeits made a (hift, and
got with great difficulty to the Popes Army at Eononia. Thcfe together
plundered the Countries of rlacentia and ParffM , and were preparing to fit
down before Placcntiai, but Awadtus fell fuddcnly lick, fo that he was forced to
be carried in a Liner to Mitnna--, and upon this the Army diilblved. After- 20
\v?.\d.AfftAdc:,'s being recovered, and now in the Kingdome of N^/'/ex with
an Army againft Pope cV^i^-;; the (Txtb, in defence oi Lcwk of Andes, fell
I 2 8 -^ fuddcnly fick again , with the Duke of Andes, and a multitude of fouldiers
^ andhorfes that had drunk of a water which the Enemy hadpoyfoned, all
thefedied : Amadeus his body is carried to Altaccmba. It is reported that
iSarnabo had poyfoned, before this expedition , all the bread and wine in the
Town oi Vicomercat ^ whither he knew Amadeus was fO come with his
forces ; but the treachery being found out by fome that fell fick upon the
eating and drinking of that poyfoned ftuffe, they were all cured by
■ St. MaHrke\i\% ring dipt in vinegar 5 though this is not likely, yet not im-30
poffible.
Amadeus the feventh, fon to the former, having received the ring, fucceeds:
he was now three and twenty years of age, and had already given good tefti-
monvof his valour in his fathers time, by taking in fome Towns and Forts
\xv)onx\\cV\.\vGX ArarJs'-) his dominions were enlarged by the Ifle of Tcw^tf/,
which was given to his father by the Venetians and Gemtok, between whom
he made peace, after they had quarrelled long for this Ifland , as we have faidj
the City Cun;a alfo was beftowed upon the fame Amadeus the father, by
legacy from the Queen of Naples. This young Earle made war, with good fuc-
ccfs, upon the Marquefs oi Mont sfer rat, for caufing fome of the Savoyen ^Q
fubjcdsto rebel. He took 5W«« with their Forts, and made them receive
again their Bifliop, Edroard the Prince of Morea's fon , whom they had thruft
out : he defeated the Marquefs of Saluzes forces which had invaded his
Country^ the Seigniority of N/cea chofe him for their Prince, and fo did fome
other Princes thereabout. But after Amadeus was returned home , one day as
he was hviuting the Bore, he fell from his horfe, and forely wounded his
thigh, whichaMontebankoutof /^/r/fd, who then waited on the Duke of
* 3 9 7 Burl/on, undertook to cure, but it's thought he poy foned him , for fo the Earl
as he was dying confefled : the Phyfitian is apprehended and imprifoned,
\yho having cleared himfelf, isbanimedoutof ^.iy<y, France^ Burgundy and ^q
Germany, into England. The Earl is buried in Altacomba.
sH ■
r Chap,
Chap. p. Hifiory of the World. z8j
Chap. !X.
The French Story from the yexr 1513. till 1380. imervt>oven mth diven
fajfages <>/ England, Flanders, Spain, Germany, Italy, &c.
J».Chr/Jii
IN France^io Philip the Fair fucceeded Ins fon Lewis Hutih , who had before I 3 i 3*
this time fucceeded to the Crown of Navarre^ by the death of his
mother ^ he caufed Enguerrand great General of the Finances^ for impofing
IQ divers Tributes on the people, to be hanged , and his image to be flung down
from the Palace ftairs where it flood. This King refolves to make an expe-
dition into the Holy-Land, being enjoyned thereto by his fither Vhilip , who
had for that purpofe fequeftred the Clergies ty thes > bur before he could ac^
complilh his defign , he died in the fecond year of his reign, having left his
Queen great with childe, his name was Jt>A», and lived not above eight dales :
foLerr^ had now onely one daughter '^oan ^ by 'Margaret daughter to Robert
Duke of Burgundy^ but flie could not fucceed, becaufe of the Salique
Law, which faith. Let not women fucceed in the Salique Land, which
was meant of France^ becaufe Ammian Marcell/n writes, that in his time
20 there were a people in France called Saliesi, therefore though the Duke
of hurgntty uncle to this Princefs flood for her right a while^yet at lafl yeelded
to the other Peers of France, and acknowledged P/j/7//> le Long^ the deceafed
Kings brother, lawful heir, who was crowned without contradidion :, he be-
ftowed his eldeft daughter on this Odon Duke of burgundy , and with her the
Country of Bitrgundy ': his fecond he gave to Lervtf Count Roberts fon of
Flanders, who in right of his mother was Count of N/v cm : the third was
efpoufed to the Delfhin of Vienna : jf<?«e the defundf Kings daughter , was
married to LeHJAf Count of Ewewx, who by her obtained the Kingdome of
Navarre.
2Q In the mean while, the Pope Confirms the peace between France and
Flanders , by which it is agreed that the Earle of Flanders fliould pay to the
French a million of Crowns in twenty years by equal portions. The delign for
theHoly-war ishindred, by the debate that was between Lewk of Bavaria^
AndFredericof Jujiria-j the Gibcllins that were banifhcd cwt of Genua ^rc-
cwxeMarl^ fontoMrf/^^ewchiefof theCz^e///«faftion, and Vicar of the Em-
pire to befiege Gfww^ , which fcnt to the Pope for his protedion ; the Pope
commands M^r^ to ceafe from molefting thofe who fought his proteftion^
Miir^refufed to obey , whereupon he is declared an heretick , and an enemy
to the Church, and fodenounceth war againflhim, for efFefting of which
40 he reconciles King Robert -vi'ith. the King of ^rr^^^?;, whom he makes to re-
^gneRhege to R.obert, who thereupon prefents himfelf before Genua with
fifteen Gallies of his own, and ten of the Popes, but thcfe could not
make Marl^ raife the fiege, till an Army was fent againft Milbn, which caufed
the M7//4««V return home to fave their City : PA;///»alfo, fon to Charles of
Valoff yZnd to Kin^ Roberts fifter, marcheth with an Army into Italy ^ upon
whofe approach G^/mj Vifcount, and fon to Matthew ^ proffers to fubmit
himlelfto the Fre«f^ Kings Arbitrator, which this young Prince believing,
returned with his forces into France , where he found the King dangeroufly
lick, and a great mortality every where caufed by the Jen?/, who pOyfoned the
-Q waters, partly hired by the Turks and Saracens, and partly to be revenged for
their banifhment under Philip the Fair 5 the Jexps are apprehended and
imprifoned , who that they might not fall into the Chrillians ' hands did
hang one another in theprifon; the laft man being left alone thought to
efcapeby a rope, but the rope brake, and he was found maimed, but the 13^ i»
next day was hanged. The King about this time died without iflue
male.
112 Charles
i88 T'he Second^art of the Book. V.
yift.Chr/Jii' Charles the FziT,rhilips brother fucceeded : He falls prefently to execution of
'-*''^'''>-' juftice^being omitted by reafon of the great mortality,and the lliort livesof the
late Kings. He caufed one Jordam^ a kinfman of Pope John^ to be hanged for
murther. Leir/:? Count of Net'er/ is imprifoned for his prefumptuous behavi-
our toward the King. One Hugh occafioneth great troubles in France, for
building a Fort in Cmen without the Kings leave , pretending it was Efiglifi
ground , At laft, it was after much debate demolilhed by Charles Valotfe , who
with an Army defeated Hugh , and his Englifi forces. This Charles was he who
caufed E«!'«t.Tr^»M//^ his fpecial friend to be hanged^for which faft afterward he
grew (o difcontented, that he fell fick, and died ^ but before his death, he pro- IQ
cured of the King leave to take down the corps from the Gibbet , and to bury
it magnificently. In the mean while, Charles the Fair having reigned feven
years, died, ana left his wife great with chiide : King Edrvard of England^ fon
to r/j///p the Fairs daughter, tifter to the laft King, claimed title to the Re-
gency, as.being next of kin^ but the French told him that he was tco young to
govern fuch a Kingdome , and that he had need to have a governour himfelf.
rhilip fon to Charles of Valotfe told him plainly, that France was not to be go-
verned by women, and that it was unreafonable for a daugher of France mar-
ried in England to claim that right, which was denied to her that was married
to the Bitrgnndiun , which was alwaies accounted French j much was debated 20
to and fro about this bufinefs : hi the interim, the Queen Dowager brought
to bed of a daughter;, upon which, rhilip of Valotfe is declared King, and con-
fecrated at Rhewes, and crowned at S, Dennis , thence he rides in great ftateto
1328. Eari-^^ where he is received by the Nobility , City, Clergy and llniverfity, in
great pomp 5 and a match is made between this new Rings youngeft fon
rhil/p, Duke cf Orleans^ with Blanch the former Kings daughter lately-
born.
rhd/p being fctled, refolves to make wars upon Flanders^ for not paying the
million of Crowns agreed upon 5 Earle Lerrrs fent his colledors to raife the
money, but they were (lighted , and he forced to flye , becaufe of a fire that 50
happened at 'iurney whilft he was there , the people fuppofing that he had fet
the Town on fire. The French King raifeth an Army and befiegeth Cajfel^
upon the borders where he Flemings had put a Garrifon 5 but he could not
either take the Town , or draw the befieged to fight , wherefore he falls with
fire and fword upon the Country all about, hoping to draw the befieged
out of their ftrong hold, but could not, : At length the Souldiers returning
with great booties to their Tents, began to make merry, and be carelefs^ the
Flemings feeing this, iflue fo fuddenly out of the Town upon the Camp , that
they had ahnoll: furprifed the King ■-, but the alarm being made , and the King
on horie-back, the French fall furioufly on the Flemings^ routs them , and kills 40
eighteen thoufmd^ fo Ca£el is taken, fackt and burned, and Count Levois is re-
fetkd in his Country, where the authors of the rebellion are put to dcath^
William Canute one of the chiefeft , was fled to the Duke of Brabant , but he
was forced to deliver him up to the King, who caufed his head to be cut off at
Farif. In the Rings abfencethe Clergy incroached much upon the fecular
Courts, of which complaint was made to the King 5 but he favouring the
Clergy was content to let them go on in their judicatures. Shortly after there
met at ^-W7fwj four Rings, towxt^oiFrance^oi England^ oi Bohemia^ and of
Afajorca : Ring ff^jv-^r^^ came to do homage for the Dutchie of G«/e». The
French Ring prepares for his expedition into the Holy-Land, therefore goeth ^q
to Avenion to confult with the Pope about it , and withall makes his fon 'john^
now fourteen years old , Dukeof N»r/«j;z(^and Ke^evxoi France. Then he
fends to the Ring of England to joyn with him in this holy expedition, but he
found that he was otherwaies bentjand intended to invade France , wherefore
the expedition into ralcfiine is laid afide.
Robert Earl of Artois^yfho had been fo hot for the Salique law,in the right of
King
CnAp.p. Hijiory of the U^orld, 189
Ring Thtlif againft the EngltJJ} Ambafladours, is now quite changed , and al- An.chhjii.
together for the E7tglijh Title , whereupon to fecure himfelf from F blips in- '>^'~V'>-»
dignation, conveyshischief wealth to f«r<^e^«x, then in the Etiglip poffeffi-
on,and repairs himfelf to Y^m^Edward in England^ who had already made
war upon David Ring oi Scotland, whereby the French King is ingagcd in ho-
nour to cifiiil his friend and allie 5 and now open afts of hoftility are commit-
ted by the French and Englifh on each other both by Sea and Land :, in the
interim king vhilif to ftrengthen himfelf the more, beftowes his daughter up-
on the young Duke off r<?/»tf«f, who was aimed at by William oi Hcnault^ for
10 one of his daughters, and drawes in all his ancient Confederates to joyne
with him in this war 5 for this purpofe be reconciles the Savoyans and Del-
phinats s, there is alfo alliance made by marriage between France and Bohemiu j
and for fear left the Flemings ftiould fide with the EngliJJ) , the Pope con-
firmes a folemn league between the French and Flemings , thele fwearing fide-
lity to France^ which they promife to keep, or to forfeit a million of Crownes 5
peace alfo is made between ^rr/t^<?« and l^uvar^ both kings engaging thein-
felves to ftand for France ; but Lewis of ^avare the Emperour takes part with
king E^TTrfr^i againft the French, becaufe he thought the French king kept
off the Pope from abfolving him 5 inlliamof Henault alfo was againft the
20 French, becaufe he intercepted the Duke of ^rabant^ with whom he meant
to marry his daughter ^^ the Duke of Gudders^ the Marquels of "jnliers^ and
EiftiopofCo/e» were alfo enemies to France '-^ but the Earl oi t landers ftood
firm to the French, he beheaded Le Courtijien a French Lord at Gaunt ^ for
keeping correfpondency with the £«^///Z\, upon which the Commons fell to
mutiny, and killed fome of the Earls Officers, and the Earl himfelf, pretend-
ing he was going to hunt, fled to France , the Fnglijl) in the mean time take
fome Townes from the French , thefe invade England, and plunder and burn
Southampton : Cambray is fummoned to furrender to king Edrvard^ as Vicar or
Lieutenant of the Empire, alledging that the City belonged to the Empire,
3,0 not to France, but the French Garrifon within refufed to obey.
The French Army confifted of four Kings , to wit , of France, Scotland^
Bohemia, and "Navar ; of fix Dukes, among which were the Duke of Un tuny and
Lorain, fix and twenty Earls, four thoufand Knights or Cavaliers,in all i cocco
Souldiersf, the F«^///& and Ger/»4« Camp confifted of 6ccoo. which by the
advice of Robert o^Jrtois was raifed from the fiege of Cambray, becaufe he
thought fuch a gallant Army would do better fervice in the Field, then to lie
idle a whole Summer before fo ftrong a place. The Count oiHenatdt , u pon
the borders of Fr^»rf, took his leave of King £(^n'^rfl', ftiewingthat he watted
on him fo long as he was within the limits of the Empire, being the Emperors
40 Lieutenant, but he would not enter into France to make war againft his Un-
cle : The two Armies being within two leagues of each other, prepare to
fight 5, the Challenge is fentby an Herald from the Englifti,and entertained by
the French s, butkingr/)//7;?isadvifed by Robert Kmgoi Sicily, and his wife
Councel, not to fight with the Englifti, and hazard France upon the fortune of
a Battel ^ the Dutch being weary of the French delayer, began to think of re-
turning heme t, Ring Edward gave them leave, and retires to Flanders with
his Army, purpofely to draw the "Flemings from the French to his fide, which
they were unwilling to do, becaufe of their engagement and promife 5 Upon
this Ring Fdrcard takes the tide oi^rance upon him, and weares the Lillies in
-Q his Colours, by this telling the Flemings, that they did not violate their oath
in fubmittingtohim,beingbothRingofFm»feandF«_g/rfz?(5?j and fo got the
Jeletnings to fide with him, for which they are excommunicated by the Pope.
After this. Ring Edreard'wtnx. over to England to raife money, having left his
Queen at G.««K<- ready to lye in 5 in his ab fence, Ring P^^///? ty his Neecethe ,
Emprefs, got the Emperour Len»^ of ^rf-y^rw to renounce the £«^^/7/7j, and to
take away from Edward t\iQ Lieutenantlhip of the Empire, becaufe he had not
paid
ipo T'he Second Tan of the Book.V.
u^n.Chrijii paid the fumm'e he promifed to the Emperour 5 in the mean while the French
t/'W' and Flemings made daily excurfions upon each others boVders 3 theEarleof
SctUsbnry before Ltjk is taken prifoner , and carticd to Park^ two hundred of
his men being cut ofFby the French, who took the T owns o( Efcandure and
Thin.
The French fcnt a Fleet of 380 faile to lie before the Sluce in Flanders^which
^ ^ ^ °* now iided with the Englifh ; King Edward encounters this Fleet with another
of fewer Ships, but taller and better manned 5 a terrible skirmifti enfues of fix
hoursjin which were killed 50000 on both fides •-, at laft the Englifli got the
victory, King Edward received a hurt in the anckle, which was fhortly after 10
cured 5 then having recruits from England znd Germany^ with the help of
upper Flanders^ he bcfiegeth "i i'«r«<i)', and Robert oi Artok with 50000 men
fits down before Saint Owtv, in which the Duke oi Burgundy was with a ftrong
Garrifon, who Tallied out upon the befiegers^ Coxxm Artois drew the Duke
as far as he could from the Town, hoping to have furprized him, but the
Duke fell with fuch fury on the F/ew/«_^j-, that he made them retreat difor-
derly, having killed 5000 on the place ; the Count retreats to the Camp
before Totirnay^ many fallics were made out of the Town, but at laft they
were put to that ftraight, that the French Army under King VhiUp was forced
to encamp within three leagues of the Englilh; in the night time Philip re- 20
lieves the Town with ^2000 horfe, which made YJ\i\g Edward out of hope
to gain that places therefore upon the intreatyof theCountefs of HewWf,
his wives mother, and filter to king vhilip^ he makes a Truce with the French
for three years 5 the Flemings are abfolved by the Pope^ the prifoners fet
free on both fides ; the Scotch King is carried home in French fliips, the King
of Bohemia, ftayes in France --^ the Duke of Brittain d\cih. by the way home-
ward : the King oil^avar raifeth an Army againft the Sarazens.
It fell out well for Spain^ that this peace was made^ otherwife the three
African Kings who had joyned their Forces with the Sarazen King of
Grenada^ and had defeated the Spaniards divers times both by Sea and Land, 33
were like totally to have fubdued the Countrey, but that the two Alphonfus
Kings of Cajiilc and Portugal^ with the French and Navar Forces in a great bat-
tel totally defeated the Barbarians, {c'lkd upon all their rich plunder, and car-
ried the African Banners in triumph to the Pope at Avenion ^ where
they were hung up in the chief Church. About this time Count Evreitx king
o^t<avar died i, and immediately began the war ofBritany^ upon the death of
Duke John,\\ho died, as is faid^going home from Tournay ^ he had married his
onely daughter before to Charles (on of the Count De Blois^ and of Margaret
filter to rhilip the French king ^ but Duke 'Johns third brother Count de Mont-
fort laid Title to the Dutchy oi Brittany, and for that caufe feifed upon Mantes, 40
Brcjt, Rhenzcs, Jenucz,, and the treafure of Limoges. Charles de Blois in right of
his crooked wife, claimed the Dutchy, both appeal to the Peers oiFrancc and
Parliament of P.jr;.r, who declare the Right to be in Charls : At which, "johtt
dc Montfort in a difcontent goeth into England^ and entertaincs a league with
'Wm^Edrvanl-', but when he was returned into 5r//^^;y, heisaccufed for do-
ing homage to king Fi^n'^r*^ for that Dutchy, this he denied; yet when the
king had commanded him to ftay inP^r/f, he ftole away thence by night,
wliich fo exafperated the king, that prefently he fent his Tonne, Prince John
Duke of Normandy with an Army to fettle Charles de Blois in his pofle)?-
fion of Brittany , who laid fiege to Nantes, and took it upon compofition, ^q
and in it John de Montfort , who is fent to Paris , and imprifoned in the
Loiivere.
Clattda , the mafculine wife of Montfort, took up Armes in her husbands
quarrel, fends to England for aide , feifeth upon Hembont whilft Charles is
belicgingK/jewc/, which being furrendred he brings his Army to Hembonf^
where as hewasaflaulting the wall, Clauda flips out with a party at a gate,
and
C H A p.5^. Htfiory of the JVorJd. 2^1
and enters the enemies camp, which (he plunders and fets on fire; but upon Jin.chrijii.
thecommingofthe Englifh fupplies, Charles raifeth thefiege. Pope Clement ^-^^V^-*
the fixth being newly elefted, procures a truce of two years between Charles
and Montfort. CUuda upon this gocth over to Fngland, where a Match is pro^
pofed between her young fon and the kings daughter : then (he procures a
fleet from England^ under the conduft of Ktj/'cr/ of -^r/-<?/f; xhclnglifi being
landed, feife upon r'c»»t'j- ; the Fre«cj?i with an army befiege it , but as Robert
was ftriving to raife the (iege,he received a hurt, of which he (hortly afterward
diedj at which king Edward was much grieved, and with an army pafleth him-
10 felfintoBr/7<i«;/, where having taken fome townes, upon the Popes defire a
truce for three yeares is concluded between France :ind England t, wherefore
Montfort is fet free,and (hortly after died.
Ring rhil/p in the interim caufed a ftriftfearchtobemade for fuch as fa-
voured the Englifh in the former war 5 divers of the Nobility of Ncr/i?««£/^
and Eritanji arc fent to Paris and beheaded, Jcoffrji de Harconrt efcapes into
England. About this time, one James <^e ^r/e«e/a Fleming, at G.?//;?/, made a
fpeech againft the French in favour of the Eng]i(h, and advifeth the people
to drive out their Earl for favouring the French, and to choofea newone,
or to admit of him whom king £<:/n'/ir^(hould fend. Upon this the Flemings
20 were fo enraged, that they tore him inpeecesand flung his carkalle to the
dogs. King Edrvard in the m.ean time with a thoufand fail arrives in hlormandy^ 13^6.
takes divers towns, burieth honorably the heads of Perfl and Eacchon , which
were fet up at Carentan^ for their fidelity to him. Then he went to Caen
where he fought with Raoiil the Conftable of France, and the Citizens, whom
he beat into the tov/n, and the Englifh entred pel-mel with them , about five
hundred EngUfi were killed out of windowes and from the houfc-tops , the
Conftable having faved himfelf a while in the tower, yieldcth to king Edward^
who commands Jeoffry to (et the town on fire, becauie of their obfiinacie, but
he defired the town might be fpared, becaufe he had divers friends and kind-
qo red in it , which was aflented to by the king. In the mefti while a Herald is
fent from king PA/Z/j? to king £(5^n7iir<5/, to appoint a day and place for a bat-
tel, king E<^K'(ir(^ fent word , that he would fight neer P</m, in the view of
that great city , which the French believing fitted thcmftlvcs theie for the
battel, but the EngliJJ] having deluded the French^ encamp themfelves neer
Crefcy in Tontett^ by a great wood ; in this battel the En^hjh \\ ere viftoriousj
in which were killed thirty thoufahd men j Count de Eloff, and de Sancerre^
with the E)arl of Flanders^ and king ofEohemia with all his forces were (lain,
befides twelve hundred Chevaliers, all of antient families; the Kvng himlelic
had his horfe (hot under him,and being mounted again by Count de Eeaumont^
40 fled to Bro^, and from thence to ^«?ze«/. leoffry de Harconrt hearing that his
brother was killed, fell off from the Englilh , came to king r/>7/i/? with a rope
about his neck, and caft himfelf at his feet craving mercy for his rebellion, for
which the king pardoned him.
JCing Edward finding Calice a fit port for his paflage into England, fate down
before it with his Army, and having befieged it eleven moneths, at laft took it
upon compofition ; fixe of the chief Burghers weredemandedbythekingto
be put to death, who willingly offered themfelves, whofe courage when the
king perceivedjhe pardoned them all. The French king during the fiege came
with an Army hoping to raife it, and therefore prefented battel, but the Eng-
-Q li(h would not leave their trenches, whereupon the French retreated. Charles
de Blok and his two fonnes were prifoners in England ; but he was fet
free upon the earneft requeft of his coufin-german the Queen of England.
The fame year died king Vhilip oi France, who left two (ons John his fuccelTor, i 3 5 c>-
^nd Philip Duke of Orleans. Then a Truce was made with England for two
years', in which time RaonlConiidible of France^whowastaken at Caen^ initi-
ated this youpgKings reign withhis blood, for he lofl his head, being accufed
of
zpi "^ The Second Tan of the BookV-
An.Chtrjii. of TreafoDj the Delphin having loft his fon in this war, and being about to
'•uC'^^/^^ fell his Signiory to the Pope, the French fo prevailed, that it Ihould be an*
nexcd to fr^wct', conditionally the kings eldeft fon might be ftiledthe Del-
phin. Charles d Effagm is made Conftable, whom Charles king oil^dvar fo
hated, that he caufed him to be murtheredinthenighttime^ and withall,
gave out that he was forced to do it in his own defence, and that the Confta-
ble intended to murther him ; Upon this King Charles is fummoned toanfwer
in perfon to his accufer?, which he refufed to do^ but at laft upon better advice
he came to Faris^ his faft was pleaded before the French King,and being found
■guilty he is feifed upon by james brother to the Duke of Burbon^who was made j^j
Conftable oi France after the death of d' Efpagne,and delivered to the Officers,
who were to carry him to prifon •■> but by the interceffion of three Queens, to
wit, oijane widow to Charles the Fair, this King of J^avars Aunt, Blanch the
Kings mother-in-law, and jane the Ring o^Navars wife, and the French kings
daughter, he was pardoned ^ buc yet he took this accufation for an affront,
and therefore carried a grudge ever after to his father-in-law, who when he
wasraifing fome Taxes on his Subjefts, to fupprefs the Lngltji'^ who out of
Efiiirdeaux and Caltce did plunder the Countiies, this King Charles did
what he could to hinder the Taxes, which notwithftanding were rai-
fed, though with feme difficulty and oppofition, chiefly of ^rras, which was 20
quickly quieted.
King Edward undexfcAnd'mg that an Army of 30000 French was raifing, re-
turnes to England-^ in the interim King John makes his eldeft fon the Delphin
Duke oi'Normdndy\ whom he fends thither to take polfefTion, where he is met
at Rotten by the chief Nobility of that Countrey, and by the king of Havar^ as
being Count D' Fvretix ^ KingJ hn hearing of N^t'r^r/ being there,makes hafte
to il<9«e«, feifeth upon him audjohn de Harcourt^ who was of Charles his coun-
fel, for which his head was there prefcntly cut off, and King cA^r/e/ fen t pri-
fonerto rark : Upon this the Townes oiEvreuxzvid Harcourt ftood out a-
gainft king }<?/;», ai^ all Normandy ready to mutiny. King Edward being ad- 3°
vertifedoftnis opportunity, fends the Earl of G/y»ce/?er thither with a great
Army , with whom joyncd rhilip^ brother to Navarre^ and Geoffrey
1356. Harcourt Uncle to John who was beheaded,thefe fall to taking and plundering
ofTownes, butthecommingofthe French king made them retreat 5 in the
mean while f^ir^r^ Prince o'tif'ahs went out of Biirdeaux with 2000 horfe,
and 8cco F«g////' Archers, befides the chief men andGarrifonsofC^/fc/^/y,
thefcoyerrun the Countries of r<?/^<?« and Berry, killing all the French that
made oppulition --^ which K.John underftanding, left a flying Army in Norman-
dy and marcheth towards Prince Et/ip^r^^, who having done his work, which
was to draw K.John out of NormandjiyXcneSits to Gajcoigny , where having met 40
with the Popes Legat, who came to makepeace, and finding the conditions
unreafonablc, intrenched himfelf within two leagues of Ptfi^/er/, a place by
reafonoflargc Ditches and Vineyards very difadvantageous for the French
Horfc.in which their ftrcngth confifted , thefe might have ftarved the EngUfl^
had they been patient, but they would needs fall upon them in their trenche%
^co of their prime men were chofen to begin the battel, which were defeated
hyxhclnghjl} Archers-, theFrench Army was divided into three battalions^,
the firft under the Conftable, the fecond was condufted by the Delphin, and
the third by the king himfelf, all thefe three were defeated one after another,
the king and his fon rhdip taken prifoners, and with them 1 500 Gentlemen, 50
5ocowere flain on the places great debate arofeam* ng the Souldiers for
their prifoners, fo that divers Gentlemen were killed, for the Souldiers would
rather kill their prifoners then part with them to others, roiffrers received
fome of the French that fled, but fearing that th€ Englifi would enter pell-
mell with them, ftiut their Gates , the king is honourably received into the
Princes Tent, and fealled; thence he vfasaniedto BHraeaux^ but the Gaf-
coigm
CHAP.p. Hifiory of the World. 2^3^
coigns would not fufFer the King to be carried into England^ till they were ap- An.Chrijii.
peafed by rich gifts and promifes. W%'>j
K. 'John is received in England with great magnificence ^ in the mean while
theD.ofNtf^'/'MW'^/affembles the chief men of fr^wre at Paris^ out of which
fifty Deputies are chofen toadvifehow the King (hould be fet free: there it
was propofedjthat the King o(Navar (hould be fet at liberty , that iix of the
Clergy, fix of the Nobility, and fix ofthe third eftatefliould govern the young
.Delphin; but he diflikingthis way, diflblved the Aflembly. The Parifians
murmure for raifing the value of money. The king of Navar being let out of
la P'^ifo'^ ^y ^ome of his own fadion, ftrives to raifc new troubles in Franccfi^ew-
ing that he had more right to the Crown then the k. of England^ which made
k.f^W'irii backward in aiding the Navarrois. David k. of Scotland, who had
been taken prifoner, was ranfomed for loooo Crowns. The French king was
content to pay his ranfome, but not to part with the right of his Crown. The
Delphin went about from Town to Town, raifing all the money he could for
his fiithers ranfome. Languidoc and the champerofs were very forward,even the
women to part with their rings and jewels, but the Varijians were hindrcd by
thek. of Navar,vf)\o b all things oppofed himfelf to the Delphin, who was in
danger of his life whilft he was there, having fome of his fcrvants killed in his
20 prefence. The k. of Havar raifed great Forces in Normandj, and fent for locoo
havarrok^ which took divers fmall Towns --, the Pefants alfq began to mutiny
and to take up Armes againft the Gentry, which made the Delphin leave Tark,
and having railed an Army of Gentlemen, deteated the Pefants^ then he
brings 30000 men neer to r<?m to curb their Faftions^ the Provoft-Marfhal
who ftood for Navar, being demanded the keyes ofthe City-Gates by fome of
the Delphins friends, is prefently flain for refufing, and the Gates are opened
for the Delphin, who cauied two chiefmen ofthe Fadion to be hanged, and p
then prepares to fupprefs the k. of N4z;<«r. ^ 3 5 °»
The Truce between France and England being ended, king Edward paffeth
gQ over to C^//fc, and from x.\\er\ceio Rhentes , a hundred thoufawi Crowns are
fent him to forbear fpoiiing and plundring the Countrey 3 thence he march-
eth to Paris^ and offers battel to the Delphin,who will not hazard his Ibength,
therefore king Edvcardhwins and fpoils all about Paris, intending to ruine all,
or to biing France in fubjedion 3 but when he underftood the difficulty of this
work by the Duke of G/(?«fe/?er, and being alfo affrighted with Thunder and
Lightning, which killed fome of his men, hedefifi:ed from his enterprife, defi-
ling pardon from God for what he had already done 5 fo now a final peace is
thought upon, which was concluded on thefe Articles, That k. Edward and
his fon fliould quit the right they claimed over Anjou, Tourain, Mayne^ and
tpHorntandy^ and that the French Ihould render C/«V« to them, and that they
fhould pay three millions of Crowns to the EtigliJJ:, and fo the Armies to be
difbanded on both fides, which being performed, kvagjohn returns to France
after four years captivity, where having faluted the Pope, he binds himfelf by
a vow to make an Expedition againft the Infidels, but firft he means to fettle
bis kingdome, and having occafion to go into England about fome weighty
Affairs, he died at Itf»(^<?», and was buried at S. Deww^-.
Charles the fifth fon to king ']ohn fucceeded : he made his chief abode at
Varis, committing the managing ofthe war to his brothers, and other Lieute-
nants 5 he defeated the king of Navar-^y Bertranfl du Guefcon a valiant Com-
^Q mander. KingPcter of Lujignan came from the Eaft into France, foUiciting
the Ring to further the Hojy- war intended bykingjftf/i»5 but he could not
prevail, for the Souldiers were employed in the Civil wars of Brittany : at
laft peace being made between J<««e the widow of Charles de Blois, who was
flain, and Mount fort, he is declared Duke of ?>rittany. Veter of Cajtile having
allied himfelf with France, by marrying the French Queens fifter, daughter to
the Duke of Bitrhon^ fell off from the French, andiidcd with the Engli(h >
R k his
■~2p4 "^ T/7^ Second ^^an of the Book V.
An.Chirjii. his wife he flighted and abufed, accufing her that (he had procured of a Jew
>-^<?'"V^^>-' that was a forcerer, an inchanted Girdle, to bewitch him, whereby he might
be made uncapable to govern, and fo (he might rule , (hortly after (lie died s, he
in the mean time having ftript He«ryhis Baftard-brotherofall his Lands left
him by his father, drove him out of his kingdome, and then makes war upoa
the king oiAnagott, a friend to France. The Baftard is brought back by Ber-
trand dn Guefquin, and crowned, having chafed away king Peter. The Prince
offrrf/wrcftores Pe^tTtohis kingdome. In the interim the king oiNavar is
i'urprifed, as he was (hewing the way to theEnglilh Army through theSpani(h
countrcy, and brought pvifoner to the k ng of Arragoti. The Engli(h defeated j^
0«c/7«/^, and took him prifoner, then drove out Hcwr;', and replaced feftr in
his kingdome. Navar having given his fon for Hollage, is fet free, and fois
CiieffiiH for a ranfome. Ht>:ty being furniflied with another Army from
f r^wa^, returnes into Cafiilc, where finding refer forfaken by the Englifh for
want of their pay, he defcars and kills him, and then made himfelfking by
confent of the whole kingdome.
The Prince of iValei being ncccffitated, impofeth heavier Taxes on Cuien
then the French ufed to do, whereupon they complain to the French king
and Parliament ;u Pt^nr, who would not feem to countenance their complaint
till their Hofiages\^cle returned from E«g/if«<^^ then did king C/)<jr/ej upon 20
reiterated compUi i'lts fend a fummons to the Prince at '^nrdeanx^ and open war
is denounced againll king E^-Ovard 5 hereupon divers Townes revolt from the
Englidi 0 l<^i"? l-'drvar I to defend Ctticn^ fends over an Army to Burdeattx^ who
took the Dutchefs o^Furbott, the French Qyecns Mother, with divers other
Dnmcs, prifoners, and let them not go without great ranfomes; another Eng-
li(h Army lands at C,i//f, burning and wafting all before them , they took and
burnt Lim.^ges for revolting to the French ; but at tliis time the Englijh Army-
had no great (ucctfs at i.and, and lefs at Sea, for their Fleet of five and thirty
laile was overthrown by the French and Caftilian Navy neer Rocbel. S. Severe
is taken by Cwfjuin. roiCioti and SainUonge are given ^.o^tDuk^sde Ferry, y:>
Kochd is furrendr'cd to the French, and a part of the Englifh Army under Ca-
prul ae Fus is defeated. The D of Fritany^k.Edwards fon-in-law,f1:rives to draw
135.^. the Brrtains to the Etjghp fide, but is refilled by (bme great Lords,which made
the D. retire to £»jj/4w4i having left Robert Canot an Englifhman Governour
oi B)/ta»j.,w\\om the French bcliege in the Caftle of Fre/;f,and his coufin Hugh
in Dcrvdl-^ thefe both accorded to furrender their Forts,if they had not fuccors
from /'«^/'««<^ within two moncth?, and fo Hoftagc9-are given 5 in this mean
time fupplics come from F«e/'»«'^, which would not land, though invited by
the French, but (layed on (hip- board till the two months were expired,8c then
C,«w/rcceivedthe'Englifh Army into £rc/?^ theFench threaten to kill their ^o
hofV^esfjC^wo/ replies^that then he would kil all ihQtrench prifoners inSri/^ffy.
The Englith En- balladors complain to the Pope, of the wrongs done them
by the French, in breaking the peace, and falfifying their Oaths 5 the French
defend themfelves, clearing both King Charles and his father from perjury 5
the Pope would not take notice of their differences, but was content to hear-
ken to the French touching the a^^Jxxsoif landers f for king Edward defirous
tomarryone< fhisfonstotheEarleof Flanders one\y daughter, ient to the
Pope for a difpenfation, which wasdenyed, becaufe it would caufe per-
petuall wane between France and England 5 for Flanders had thitherto
been a dependant of France:, fothis Match being broken , Philip le Hardy 50
Duk e of 5«r(^««i/j' married the Lady, whom if the French King had marri-
ed, the a.ddition o^ t landers would have been a great ftrength to France.
After this the King o^'Navar made his peace with France^ who (hortly after by
fomeaflafinates (who were put to death for this villany) intended to have
poi foned the French Kin g. Navars wife d ieth about t^is time, and he is decla-
red enCmy to France, fi-om whom they tak^the City Bvrenx. Shonly after
died
C H Ap.9- Hijiory of the ITorld.
^9%
^led^nnce Edward oiWales^ and the year following YJm^EdwardVashxher.jiM.ChriJii.
k.Charles remembring the infolencies that were afted in Paris during his mino- W^V^Vi*
rity and his fathers imprifonmeBt,ordained that after the kings death his eldeft 1277.
fon (hould immediately fucceed, and that he ftiould be crowned at the age of
14. and then ftiould be out of his non-age, that the Princes Governors ftiould
not have too much time to make themfelves ^vcat.Gttefqum takes many towns
from the EngUJIj on one fide, and D. rhilip h Hardy on the other took all from
them round about Calicefi) that he hem'd them in from making excurfions.For
maintenance of the war,fubfidies are laid upon fait and wine;allfr//</;y except
10 Breji is now under the French : hereupon Ambafladors are fent from E»ghwd
to the German PrinceSjComplaining of the wrongs done by France t, the French
Ambafladors on the other fide defend themfelvesjand complain of the wrongs
they fuftained from the Engliji}^ chiefly that they exafted more for the ranfom
ofk.John then xhcEgypiam did for S.Leveis^znd withall they defire theGermatt
Princes to renew their alliance with France^ which was urged alfo by Charles
the Emperour, Uncle to the French king, and by Wencejlaus his fon^ who to
make an agreement between the two kingdomes went themfelves into f rance^
where they were magnificently received in all places where they came,chiefly
at P^m, where great joy and pomp was ftiewed, and all prifon doors let open 5
20 but thefe joyes and the Treaty of peace were croflTed by the Queens death and
one of her daughters.
After this, the Emperors, French and Englifti EmbaftTadors, with the Arch-
h\ih.o^ Ravenna the Popes Legat met at Gaunt ^o advife about the fame peace,
but this meeting was alfo diflblved by the fchifme of the Church,which lafted
50 years, for Pope Gregory who removed his feat from Avenion to Vtomc^ being
dead, great debate arofe between the Italian and French Cardinals about the
eleftion of his fucceflbr, as we have already ftiewed, Vrban the 6. bein g chofen
by the one,and Clement by the other,who held his refidence at Avenion. About
this time D. Thomas^unde tok. Richard o£ England^ went over to C^/zVe with
50 8000 Englijh^ who from thence pafled into Brittany to aflift the Duke in Flan-
ders.The Gantok complain againft their Earl for raifing new Taxes upon their
Merchandifes, for infringing their liberties, and too much favouring oi Bruges
who cut a channel for the river Lk to flow through their Lands : this occafi-
oned a war 5 for the Gantois taking Armes and white Caps, were met with by
the Earl and his Army, who upon their Petition promifed to takeofftheir
Taxes, and to maintain their aacient priviledges^ and fothey laid down
their Armes and white Caps 5 h\xt'^oh» Ltonihcix Captain diflwaded them
from laying down their Caps,the badges of their liberty, whereupon they took
up their Armes and Caps again, and killed the Earls Governour o( Gaunt:, this
40 was done by the meaner fort, but the richer and wifer chofe 1 2. men whom
they fent to the Earl atSr«^ei-,who faling at his feet befeech him to take pity on
theirTown,like to be ruined by faftious ]peop\e:j0hn Leon hearing of this, and
that his cafe was defperate, if he ftiould be feifed on by the Earl,aflembleth his
white-Caps together,and falls upon the Earls Palace full of wealth in the Sub-
urbs of Gaunt, which they pillage and fet on fire ; the Earl highly difpleafed at
this, refolves to raife an Army, and for that caufe goeth to Terremond : Leon ia
his abfence marcheth with his white-caps to Bruges^ to whom the faint-heart-
ed Townf-men furrender themfelves, and opened their Gates 5 thence he
marcheth to Dam, where he is received, and ftiortly after , as its thought, was
-^poifoned: notwithftanding the death of their Captain, the White-caps la-
bouring to draw all the Flemings to their fide, went and befieged Hypre, where
the Earle had fome Companies of Foot, and Troops of Horfc,which defen-
ded the Town a while, at laft: were forced by the Townf-men to yield,, but
jiudenard held out againft.them. D. PhiWp o^Btirgundy fearing his own lofs in
thefe troubles o( Flanders, if his father-in-law ftiould be worfted by his peo-
ple, goeth to his brgther the French K. gf whom he obtains leave to mediate a
4 Kk 2 peace
z^6 The Second Tan of the Book.V:
jin.Chrifti. peace between the EaHe and his people , for this caufc he goeth to Tournay^
t/^vS-i whence he fends to the White-Caps to lay down Arms, and then he would
procure them a general pardon and aft of oblivion, conditionally they would
rebuild the Earles Palace at Gaunt-^ fo Arms were laid down on both fides, and
the Earle received with great joy into Gaunt.
In the mean while, Oliver^ Coufin-german to Roger governour of Gaunt,
who was killed , in revenge of his brothers death, took forty veflels of pro^
vifions going for Gaunt ^ which caufeda war between the Gentry and com-
mons of Flanders •, the like commotion was beginning in France^ for thofe of
Montpel/ierkiWcdxhe Kings receivers andcolleftors of Subfidies, and were
taking up Arms, but the Duke of Jnjou quickly fuppreffed them, and hanged
up the chief mutinerSjand laid a great fine upon the Town : then was Duke de
Berry ^ the Kings brother removed from the government of Langmdoc^ and
Count i^Fwx ( to pleafe the people) put in his place. This year died King
1380. Charles^ having left three children , Charles ^ Lewis ^ and Catherine-^ Duke d
AnjoH is made Protedor , the young King being as yet but thirteen years old 5
the Dukes of Burgundy and hurbon are made Tutors to the children.
20
Chap. X.
A prefer ut ion of the French Bifiory from the year i:^So. till 1407. In vohicfi
are interlaced divers pajfages of Italy, Flanders, Navarre, Afric, Britany,
England, Scotland, Spain and Hungary.
C Harks thefixth is confirmed in his Kindotne by the Peers aflembledat
rark-^ fo are the Dukes of Burgundy , the Kings uncle by the father, and
of Burbonhj the mother, eftablifhed governours to the children. That
day the King was crowned at iiAe«?w,being to dine(as the cuftome was) at the jo
Archbifhopshoufe, a conteftation arofe between Dukc^«/>« and Burgundy
about precedency^ Anjou claiming it as governour of theKingdome, but Bur-
gundy in refpeft of his Dutchy, and being Dean of the Peers of France. The
King, to avoid further difturbance of that folemnity , ordered that burgundy
for that time (hould fit next the King ^ wherefore Anjou being fet down firf^
B«>-5««<^thruftshimfelf between him and the King. At thistimethe Englrfh
had laid fiege to Nantes in hniaay , but having loft before it fome prime
Commanders upon the fallying out of the Garrifon, they raifed the (ie^e:
the hritons being wearied with war, defire their Duke to make his peace with
the F7:cnch King, or elfe they would forfakehim^ whereupon he was forced to 40
fend Ambaffadourstobegfor peace, which he obtained , and fworc fealty to
the King, but would not acknowledge Pope Clement-^ fothe Engl/f} return
home. Anjou the Regent of Fr<««ce did much favour Pope Clement^ becaufe
he promifed to give him the Kingdome o£ Sicily , which depended on the
Church?, for his adverfary Pope Vrban had fent for the Hungarian to feife ott
that Kin gdome, and to revenge the death of his brother Andrew , murthered
by his wrfe Queen Jane : but Pope Clement who had received Avenion from
her, was willing to fupport her caufe, therefore advifeth her to make Duke
cC ^«;V// her fon and heir, which (he did : he to raife an Army, got the King
to grant him Subfidies , which did much vex the people , fo that at Tark they ^^
mutiny, yet are appeafed by good words; but finding no deeds,they fall upon
the jfcjrx , whom they plunder :, and then upon the Kings colleftors and re-
ceivers of his rents, whom they rohof all their monies, and burn their books
of accounts : by «his example , other Towns deny to pay more Taxes. Lan-
giiedoc refufeth to receive the Duke of Kerry fcJr their governour , and caufed
Count <^t Foix to raife an ArmvMfainft him, which defeated fome of the
Duke«
Ghap.io. Hifiory of the World, ip7
Dukes companies , after which he advifeth them to fubmit to him for zv6\d'An.chriJii.
ing further troubles, which they did the more willingly , becaufehe was the *'*'"W-»
Kings uncle.
Pope Clement to ftrengthen Anjou's caufe in Sicily , impofeth a tcnt^i upon
the French Clergy, at which they ftorm , protefting both againft him and his
Cardbals , chiefly the Sorbon : John GerfoH declaimed in the Univerfity of
P4W againft this Popes proceedings, which fo angred Anjou , that he fent to
apprehend Gerfon, but the Schollers refcued him, upon this he retires to
Rome^ where he is entertained by Pope Vrbau ; a trap was alfo laid to appre-
jQ hend the Redor of the Univerfity, but he efcaped ; the Schollers grew fo di(-
content, that multitudes of them forfook that Univerfity. Divers Ambafla-
dours came to F4r/r complaining againft Clemenf for upholding a fchifme to
the great hurt of Chriftianity, feeing Vrbans eledion was generally approved
a more lavsrful then that ot Clement : AnjouRoodup, and maintained that
Vrbans election was forced by the Romans , whereas that of Clement was
peaceable. In the mean time, Charles whom the King of H«»^<irr;' had fent
with an Army into Italy againft the Venetians , having made peace with them,
goeth to Rome^ where he is by Vrban crowned King of Sicil):, this Charles was
defcended from Charles the Lame , and Mary his wife Queen of Hungary : he
20 without great oppofition , obtained Sicily and Naples , took Queen pnc and
Duke d( hrunfvpickjicr husbahd prifoners. Jnjou in the interim tries all
means poffible to raifc money , and impofeth in the Kings name a gabel upon
the twentieth part of Merchants goods , which is generally refufed : At laft^
as he was endeavouring by other means to raife money , a dangerous mutiny
arofc in r^w 5 fomeof the coUedours are killed , the City Magazine broke
open,and the people having armed themfelves,^they chain all the ftreets,open
the prifon doors, and let loofe all the prifoners : The Bilhop being fled, they
broke open his prifons, and let out one Aid>riot whom they make their Com-
mander 5 he had been Provoft o£ Paris'^ and done mudi good in repairing and
jQ building fome publike places^ but being accufed of herefie, he was imprifoned
bytheBifhop: being now delivered unexpeftly, he promifed the people that
it they would return to their houfes, he would the next day be ready to fcrve
them 5 but knowing what danger there was in being Captain to a mutinous
people, he ftole away that night out o( Paris : the like mutiny there was at
Ronen^ where the people made one Gras their King, commanding him to
abolifti all taices and impofiticAJS whatfoever.
The Parijians feeing that Atibriot was gotie ^ were advifed by John des
Marak , to fend him with fome others that were not criminals to the King to
teg for pardon,which was aflented to, and pardon granted conditionally that
40 they paid fixty thoufand Crowns, and that the authours of this fcdition be
put to deaths Marak returns with this anfwer to Paris^ onely he concealed the
putting to death the incendiaries, fome of which he caufed in the night to be
flung into the River, which made a new mutiny : hereupon the corporal
punilhment is put off, and the King is cwitent with the fixty thoufand
Crowns. In this mean while Duke d' Anjou is crowned it Averi/onhy Pope
Clement, King of Sicily and Jerufalem^ then he goeth about the Towns of
Frovince , defiring them to acknowkdge him for their Lord , (hewing that he
was the adopted heir of Queen Jane, their lawfiil Countef* ^ but when he faw
them unwilling ; he forced tbemj then marcheth into Italy with thirty thou-
*Q fand horfe , not againft Pope Vrban,ieit the Country (hould rife, but againft
King Charksnt Naples, Who forbore fighting with An] oh , purpofcly to weary
his Army by delayes : in the mean Wiiile Anjou dieth , fome fay by poyfon,
fohis Army without fighting returns with his corps to France>. King Charles
reigned four years at Kaplest, in the interim King Lewis of Hutigary dieth '• the
Peers of that kingdome call home King Xim^s , notwithftanding Sigifmond
the Ekaperours fm had mamcd Kit^ L«mf hi& ddeft daughter : King c harks
having
2,^ 'The Second Tart of the Bo o k V. ,
An.chrifli having left at Nafhs his wife and two fons, haftes to Httngary^whext he is
«-*^V>^ * crowned , and (hortly after murthered in the houfe of the Queen , widow of
Hungary ^ whoftormed that her daughter ftiould be deprived of her inheri-
tance : upon this Sigifmund is crowned in Hungary ^ and hadijlam the foil of
King Charles at V^aples.
About thie time a new war began in Flandtrs , upon the taking of the
forty fliips of Gaunt by Oliver Coufin to Roger who was killed : One John
Pr«»MZi gave out, that 0//wrdurft not feifeon thefe (hips without the Earles
command, therefore affembleth the White-Caps, and marcheihto Judenard^
and fuddenly furprifeth it?, the Earle hearing of this at LiJ/e, complains to the lo
Gantok^ that they had broken the pcojce made by the Duke of hm gundy ; they
anfwer , that he broke it firft , by fufFering Oliver to take their flaps without
reproof or punilhment : the Earle willing to iccovet Judenarde , and to live
quietly , agrees with the Cantois , that he would banifli Oliver , conditionally
tnat they banifhed Pruneau^ which was done, and Mdenarck reftored again to
the Earle, whoprefentlyfent to rebuild the demoliflied walls, andplaceda
ftrong Garrifon in it : after ihis rr«»e(7« is apprehended by the Earls Coufin
the Duke o^hrabant^ whom he (ends to Lijle in chains , where he is beheaded
and bis body broken on the wheel ;, the like end had divers others of Bruges,
and ellevvhere,Vv^ho had animated the White-Caps : the C?4«/<7/f fearing their 20
turn would be next in thefe punifbments , confpire unanimoufly againft their
Earle in defence of their lives and liberties , and to make fure work, they de-
molilh the houfes of the Gentry who favoured th« Earle, they alter the form
of government , and make ntw offices both for Civil and Military affairs 5 a
war began, which lafted feven years , in which died above two hundred thpu-
fand men.
The Gantok underftanding that the Earl was about to befiege Hyprf
which held with them, fent three thoufand men thither, and withal nine
thoufand were armed to fall upon the rear of the Earls / rmy, whowas on his
march with twenty thoufand againft H)/»re, whilft thty within ftiould fallyjo
out upon the Vantguard : but the Earle having laid many Ambufcadoes, de-
feated the Hypfeans , of whom two thoufand and foure hundred were llain,
the reft fled, and fo both Hypre and Courtray^ are furrendred to him , who pur
todeath feven hundred of the chief criminals \n Hypre, and took two hun-
dred hoftages of Courtray : then he went to befiege Gaunt, which he cculd
notfoinclofe, but two gates were free to receive fupplies from Liege and
Bruxels: the G^iw^fj/r being no whit difmayed at the Earles ftrength , fend out
z party by one of their gates which was not befieged, and went impiediatcly
to Jcrrcmiinde which they took,this made the Earl raife his fiege ; but the Gan-
iois ftiortly after received fome lofle , for two Captains with their forces 40
marched out upon fome defign, one of them was aftaulted and defeated by th.e
Earl , foth?t fix thoufand G<t«/«»- were partly flain, and partly burned in a
Church, whither they fled ^ the other Captain not being able to help thefe by
reafon of the marifti ground between them. Hereupon the Gantois chote
one General who fhould have abfolute power, his name was rhiLp Artcnel, be-
caufe many Generals did oftentimes crofle one another^ this P/)////' by the
mediation of the Bifhop of Lr^ge, the Duke oit hrabant, and Albert Count
of Hcnault, endeavoured to make peace between the Earle and his liib-
jefts : Vhilip proffered to the Earle at Tournay, where the A flembly was kept,
full power over the bodies and eftates of his fubjcfts to banifh and fine whom ^q
he pleafcd , fo that he would fpare their lives j the Earl would not have \^%
power confined, but would have all,both men and women above fifteen years
ofage,to come out of Gaunt o'osS.y with one garment apeece , and ropes about
theirhecks,tobedifpofedashepleafed ; -^r^t^wc/acquaints the Citizens, rhat
either they muft fufFer their throats to be cut , or elfe take up Arms to defend
their liberties 3 for his part he was refolved to, die in maintenance of their
cauife -
Chap, i o. Uifiory of the JVorld. ipp
caufe^ whereupon they all agreed to take Arms : with this hediufethqut ^nXhrijiu
of the whiteCaps five thoufand of the ftouteft and ftrongeft, with thefe hq ^ ~
marcheth toward Br«_gejjthey that remained were refolyed, that if thefe five
thoufand were cut off, they would burn themfelves and City , rather then
yeeld to flarery : the Earl at Bruges underftanding of Artenels marching
thither, flighting his fmall number, met him in a place difadvantagious td
him,with his Army, which was defeated and driven back into the Town,
whither the C?rf«^<?*r entered pelmel with their enemies : Artenel makes di-
ligent fearch for the Earl, whom he meant to have ufed with all refpeft , and
lo to have brought him to Gannt with all poffible honour, to induce him to (hew
mercy tohisfubjefts^ but the Earl hidhimfelf ina poor houfe, and thence
efcaped to Lijlc : Artenel gave charge that no hurt fhould be done to any
ftrangers within B>uges ^ becaufe he would not provoke forrcigne Princes
againft him. After this he pillaged Hypre, and feifed on the Earls tieafure, and
divers Towns yeelded to him ; its thought that now he had above a hundred
thoufand men in Arms , fo that the Earl was forced to implore help from the
French King, and acknowledgcth himfelf to be his vaflil; the French were not
unwilling to affifthim (though he had hitherto befriended the Englijl}') be-
caufe the Flemjtgs made excunions upon the t rcnch borders ^ order therefore
20 is given for taking out the facred Standard, called the AHri]iamr,te : this was
of red fiJke interwoven with flames , it was of old fent from Heaven to King
C/w«", to be carried in the wars againft Infidels : this Standard was not to
be ufed but in great neceffity, and to be carried by fome holy Knight, but
afterward it was brought out upon all occafions, and therefore at laft in a
battel agamft the tlemings^it was loft, none knowing what became of it. This
Standard being received by the King with great devotion from the Abbot, he
gave it to one Pefer rz//«r/ to be carried ; then having placed the reliqucs of
the Martyrs on the Altar, he begins his march with a gallant Army through
Artok.
20 The Flemings hearing of the French march , brake down pj-efently all their
bridges upon the River Lsr, except one which theyftrongly fortified : the
King fends the Conftable Clijjon with the Vantguard to gain the bridge,
the Flemings being hardly prefled, were forced to break down this alfo?, in the
interim whilft they were skirmifhing , a party ctf French in boats get over the
River who charged the enemy in the Rear, whom they utterly defeated, and
killed three thoufand on the places fo the bridge was gained and repaired^ and
the whole Army got over. Artenel upon this, leaving a party to continue the
fiege oi' AHcIendrde ^ marclieth with fixty thoufand againft ihe French , and
fights them 5 the fog was fo thick that morning that fcarce could any per-
Aofeftlydifcern their next neighbours, till the Aur/fiawn^ was difplayed, and
then (ifyou will believe) the mjft vanilhed ; The FrwrAAnny is divided in-
■ to three battalions 5 that of the Kings is charged by the F/e/;//«^/ , hoping to
take him prifoner, as the EngUjI) did King ^ohn ^ but the other two battalion^
falling on the Flanks of the Fkmingf, did fo preffe them that their ranks were
tlifordcred, who both hindred and hurt one another,and fo at laft they are to^
tally routed by the French i, thirty thoufand were killed on the place, and ten
thoufand in the purfuit 5 tJieboay of ^r/e«e/ was found yet breathing, who
refafed to have his wounds dreiled , not defiring to live after the loffe of
his Fellow-citizens, fo prefently died, and his body was hanged on a
50 Gibbet.
The report of this defeat Caufed the fiege before Audena^rde to rife in hafte^
then Dat»^ Bruges, and other Towns yeelded to their Earl ^ but the French
burned Conrtray , becaufe they found in their great Church the golden Spurs
of the French Gentry that were killed in that place eighty years before : There
were alfo found fome Letters written from the mutiners of Paris to the
White-Caps, which haft^ned the Kings r«vira thither; by the way he flopped
itt
300 The Second Tan of the Book. V-
JM.ChriJii- at ^t.Dvtmk^ to give thanks to God and the Martyrs for his viftory, and then
lyy^^ reftored the Aunjiammc to the Abbot ^ thence he marched through Paris with
his Army, without taking notice of the Provoft and Sheriffs that met him s
having at laftfung TcDcuw, m Nojire Dame^ he caufed the Townfmen to af-
femble in one place, whom he environeth with his Army, then did the
Chancellor upbraid them with their rebellions , and the King threatned to cut
them alloft', but his Uncles being there begged their pardons^ the Townef-
men on their knees cried for mercy, which they obtained , onelyafine was
put upon them , and three hundred of the chief incendiaries were beheaded^
the chains of the ffreets were carried into the Loure, and the King ordered i©
that henceforth they (hould have no tnore Provoff nor Sheriffs : but five
years after, their priviledges were reftored,with a Provoll and Sheriffs.
Shortly after this, the Gantois and Englijh, who held for Pope Vrhav, enter
into a league agai nil F/w/^-e, and Pope Clement : 'L'V/'*?* had granted to the
Kmgo^ England the tithes of the benefices within his kingdome, towards
this war^ eight hundred Englifli horfe , and ten thoufand foot are tranfported
mioFlanda-s^ who made war with divers parts of ¥ landers ^■^nd. yet pretended
they came to affift the Gantoh t, complaint is made againiV them , but no re-
drcfles : having t.xkca Boinhurg^xnA Gravel in ^ they fit down before ii/prc^ but
hearing the French Army was comming , fct the Suburbs on fire , and went 20
their way towards Cafjd^ but could not liay to befiege it , becaufe the Con-
fiable of F/viwre was drawing towards them with his Army, who purfues
them to Gravdin^ and thence to Bonrbourg^ where they are befiegcd, iind
forced to furrender, having leave to depart wiih their baggage. At which
time Z.tnwE.irl of Ylandcn died at St. Vnia\ and is buried in Lijk-^ his daughter
Margaret^ wife to Thilip Ic Hardy Duke of Burgundy^ is his fble heir, by which
ineans P/j?///? is now Lord of all V landers , except Gannt^ which would not yet
fubmit. Shortly after Dam is furprifed by one Arteman a Captain of the
Gantoii\\v\\\\^ the governour was gone to the Court. About Limoftn alfo and
r^JziJ^w there was a great infurrefton of malecontents under one Peter Brniers ^-^
their Captain :, thcfe did much mifchief till the Duke de Berry fupprefi'ed them
in a battelj and hanged the chief incendiaries.
The French King having an intention a long time to invade England , pre-
pared a great Fleet at the i'/// a- , yNh'xch Arteman x.\\G Gantois Captain refolved
to burn , but the plot was difcovered , divers of the plotters were imprifoned
andefcapcd, f me were hanged. Then the French befieged Dam^ whole
month '■) at laft Artem.m within not able to hold out longer, got away with his
forces in the night, the next morning the French enter, and having plunde-
red the Town, utterly de^roy it:, then they fall upon Ze^/^W with a Fleer,
which they pillage for aiding Gaunt , fo that ihey were forced to beg pardon 40
and peace from the Duke of Burgundy , which was granted them. From the
sUicc^ where the Fi ench had built a Caftle to guard the harbor, the King fends
'^ohndcVi'-nna his Admiral with llxty great fhips, to help the king of Scots
againfl the Engliili 5 this Fleet, with the Scots forces , burnt and fpoiled many
places in England i, but upon a falling out between the French and Scots , the
Admiral returned home, and told the King that he durff not fl:ay long in Scot-
land^ becaufe the people banded againfl him, and that England was in a good
condition to be conquer ed,becaufe the D. oi Luncajierfim in law to Peterk. of
CjJiilc(v\/ho was killed by his baflard brother Hemy') was gone into Spain with
the beft fouIdicrs,to fettle his wife in C^if//c.-for,faith he,The Englifh can eafily ^q
be conquered at home J but hardly abroad ; upon this the French king, with
the Duke oi Burgundy^ prepare twelve hundred fail to invade England--, but
Duke dc Berry the kings other uncle was againfl this cxpedition,and dilTwaded
the king from venturing his perfon, wealth, and Nobility, upon uncertain
fuccefs, bcfidcsthat the Euglifhwere all in Arms to refiff his landings upon
this the voyage is put off, and the great Fleet difperfed without adfion.
The
Chap-io. Hifiory of the PTdrld. 301
The hext year Le'epft Duke Toufain the Kings brother,married with Vdentine Att.thrijif.
daughter to ']ohtt Galeacius Duke of MilUn 5 and fliortly after the Ring went ^X'^o^
to Pope Cle/fient at AvenioM^where Lewk of Anjou (foh to that Letb«- who <lie4 ^ ' *
in Italy') is croVvncd K. oi Sicily and JerHfate/ff, purpofely to Crofle Pope Vrban^
and King Ladijlauf fon to king tharles of Naples. LangHedvc cotnplainS to the
Kingagairtft Duke ^e ^e/r// exaftions, therefore Count de Foix is made thejr
govemor,who married the King of Navars fifter,whom he flighted,becaufe her
brother owed him a great fum of itibney, which either he would not, or could
not pay, therefore fent her with her fon to him biack again, becaiife Ihfe took it
10 ill that her husband fhould prefer his baftard fon to his legitimate fon by hcr^
when (lie came to N4z;<tr, and had acquainted her brother of her husDands
bad conditions, he gives her fon a bag of powder, which he wiftied him to be-
ftow on his fathierjand that he would mix it with wine,fot' it would procure hii
love to his wife again : the yoUng man fihijply carried the powdet to his
father, who finding it tobe poyfon, cauled him to be put to death in a pri(bni
ThisRingof Ndt/4r was alio extreamly hated of hispeofilewhomheimpo-
veriftcd with continual exadiions 5 hereupon he is One night burned in his
bed, fome fay by accident, fome fay putpofely 5 for being feeble with age ahd
letchery, his body was anointed with certain unguents, and wrapt in a linneti
20 cloth dipt in Jqm vita , which prefently took fire by a candle that was in the
hand of one of his fervants then by his bed , and fo he was burnt , and withiri
two dayes died : Count Armignat alfo died about this time as he was on his
Journey from Italy ^ with an Army of French fent to help the Florentines 5
who were like tobe fu|jprefled by the Millanoisi
, After the two King^ of trance and England had riiade JjeaCe , and dit
banded their Armies , many French fouldicrs who could not live but by the
fword,aflembled together, dnd made to themfelves Commanders, i^^ iH
companies difperfed themfelves into divers Countries, forcing the InhabU
tahts by paying contributions to buy their peace of them. Count Armignac
30 having raifed a great fum of money, procures fifteen thoufand horfeand teii
thoufand foot of the J5<i«<^/^<7*.f to accompany him into P/ewtf»f agiiiijft ih<i
Millanois • "^ama Verme the Duke of Millans General, fliut himfelf up iri AleX'
andria^ not finding it time yet to fight this frefli enemy 5 Who perceiving he
would not fight, falls to plundering , and fo being laden with ftore of wealth
werte marching aWay fecurely : Verme being advertifed of this, chargeth theffl
in the Rear unexpeaedly, kills fix thoufand, and puts the red to flight , ./^r-
mignac\s taken prifoner, and died prefently after of his Wounds 5 fo f ranee
was quieted by the defeat of thefe unruly fouldiers , yet fome of them return-
ing made new troubles, till they were all furprifed dnd hanged, and the Cartle
^o of VantadoM" m Litnojin (which they had takerij furreridered. /bout this
time the Genuois being much molcfted by the African Pirats, which they could
notofthemfelvesfupipreflfej ekcfcfJt they would negleft their trading with
forreign Nations, wherein the greatnefleof their City confifted fends Am-
baifadors to the French king for aid againft thefe Barbirians,alleadgibg man^
reafons for their afliftance, as the vicinity of L/^^wrw to France^ the gfeatnefle
and wealth5and ancient glory of the French in fubduing thefenemies ofChrift,
and the danger thatChriftendome is in by the greatriefie 6f the Barbarian s,and
that the Ports, fliips and Wealth of Ge«»rf was at the French fervicej befides,
that the paflage from France to Afric was (hort.
g^ The motion was hearkned to by the French Gentry, the Duke of Burbbn is ' ,
chofen General; England is invitecl to Joyn with the French in this honourable ^ ^ ^ ^°
enterprife , which is willingly aflented to by the EngliJId Gentry 5 great conii-
pan ies pafle over to France^ who being joyned together march over the Alpes^
at Cf««<« they fihde agalldrit Fleet of Ships and Gallies ready and well ap-
pointed , among which were divers Venetian veflels which they had fent
ihither for this expedition , joyning their forces againft the common enemy,
LI though
302, . The Second Tan of the Book. V*
y^;;.C/jr//?/. though otherwayes thefe two Cities were mortal enemies. All things being
Ly-y^w ready, they fet fail for Afric : when they came within light of 'Tunis , the royal
City of Brfriijr/ , they fee the Barbarians in battel array ., whoftroveto keep
the Chriftians from landings but the Englijli Archers made the Barbarians give
way, fo that our Army landed : the Barbarous king fent fomeof his forces
into the City , the reft entrenched themfelves , who refufed to fight , though
often invited, fome light skirmifties there were between us andthe NHmidiam
horfej but when we could not draw the King to fight, though w^ burned and
ruined all the houfes thereabout , at laft we refolve to lay a ftrait fiege to the
Town,which ftoutly held out, notwithftanding the King durft not adventure lo
to relieve it , but kept himfelf clofe in his Camp. The Commander of the
Towne perceiving his own danger defired a parly , which would not be
granted, except he came out himfelf j this he would not yeeld to , fearing he
might be kept as a prifoner 5 yet fome Genuok who fpoke the Afncnn tongue,
are fent to parly with the Town,-governour , who wondred that the French
and EttgliJ}} fliould come to vex Afric which had never done them hurt, it was
anfwered, that the hurt Afric had done to Genutt , and the Ifles of Italy , was
done to them, being all Chriftians and of the fame faith. At laft they come to
an accommodation , the King fends to the Chriftian Army his Ambafladours,
where it is agreed that the Africans (hall not henceforth offer to moleft any of 10
the Chriftian Territories, that they Ihould fet at liberty all Chriftian prifoners,
and pay ten thoufand Ducats 5 and fo the Chriftian Fleet returneth to Genna^
and each man thence to his own home.
France is now quiet, but in Britany begin new troubles : for the two fons of
John Montfort being ranfomed by the Conftable of France a Britain , and the
eldeftof the two married to his daughter, gave occafion to the Duke to
fufpeft that the Conftable aimed at the Dutchy for his fon in law '-, therefore
one day invited the Conftable to a feaft , and after dinner pretending to fhew
him a new houfe that he had built, detained him there as a prifoner , at which
the king was highly difpleafed ; the Duke excufed himfelf, that he did this to 30
be revenged of (ome affronts done him by the Conftable,bcing a Britainhoxn :
this anfwer did not content the king ^ but the Duke of Burgundy mediated for
this Duke of Britany , who let the Conftable go, after he had parted with a
great fumme for his ranfome , and divers of his lands. After this , Peter Craon
the kings favourite, is banifhed the Court, upon fome difcontent taken
againft him by the kings brother the Duke of Or/crf^/. Craon fufpedf ing the
Conftable, that this affront he received by his procuring, watched him one
night as he came late from the kings lodging?, fell upon him, and fo wounded
him that he left him for dead , yet afterward recovered. The king was fo
enraged at this Craon , that he cauled his goodly houfe at Tarit to be pull'd 40
down, and turned to a Church- yard 5 and fufpecting that the Duke of Tr/-
f^«j had animated Cr^iow, he raifeth an Army againft him 5 the Duke fent to
excufe and clear himfelf, but could not be heard : therefore the 25. of
July ^ in theextream heat of the year, he takes horfe and marcheth before
his Army with a thin cap on his head 5 his Phyfitians and Peers diflTwade
him from going in fuch dangerous weather , but in vaine : he was fcarce
gone a mile from the City Mans ^ the Metropolis of Maine ^ when he was
taken with fuch a phrenfie , that he killed two of thofe that were next him,
and hurt divers others , laying about him, till he fainted and fell from his
horfe, and is carried back to Mans^ where he at laft was cured, but not totally : t^
the Duke of Britany with his wife and children, and chiefeft goody,had taken
(hipping at St. MaBo for England^ but underftanding of this accident , returns
home again.
About this time the people began to murmure againft the CGnftable,that he
could not have gathered together fo much wealth as he hadj without robbing
them; wherefore he to ftop their mouths,recOnciles himfelf to the D.and fo all
former
Chap. I o. HiftoryofthelVorld, joy
former wrongs are forgot and forgiven. The King being returncti to Fany^ the An.chrjfl}.
government of Fr^/wre by general aflcnt of thcPcers is conferred upon the kings " " '
uncleSjthough the D. oi Orleans the Rings brother laboured much for it;,but he
was too young for that employment. Many Playcs and Masks were performed
at Court to drive av^;ay the kings melancholy;, in one of the Ma5.ks, the king
with five othens difguifed themfelves in the fhape of Lions^ their linnen covers
were pitched^that the threds which refembled the hairs of wilde beafis might
ftick the falter; as thefe v/ere dancing the round , and fin giiig nuptial fcngs in
honour of a great favourite lately married, the Duke bf Ork ans ftood fo near
jo with his torch , that a fpark fell orl the king which fet all on fire ; every one
running to fave the king, left the others to fhift for themfelves, two of which
vvere burned prefently, and died with horrible skritches, two otliers died the
next day : the fifth was faved by water and wine flung upon him^the Dutchefsi
of JScrr)/ inftantly flayed the fire on the king by the long tiain of her gown
which Iheflapt upon it; the Duke, of OrMwj excufed himfelf, that what he
did, wasagainfthis will ; but this accident increafed the kings difeafe, for
whofe recovery many vows and prayers are made to God.
clement the Antipope bein^ dead, ArhbalLidours are fent from the
kings uncles to the Cardinals of ^w»/<?«, to defire that no Popefhould be
^ chofen till the fchifme were firft remedied , they all fwore^ that if he a"t Rome
would lay down his Pontificat , he (hould do the like ait Avenion , that was to
be chofen : Tierre de la Lune a C^Jiilran is chofen ,to whom the V ings uncles re-
pair, befeechinghimtomakeapeace in the Church , and that he would Ibb-
mit himfelf to a general Council ; he anfweied, that he would not leave the
helm of Chrifts (hip, fo longas he lived , and fo the Princes returned without
efFedting any thing, which much difcontented the kirg; butthePo|5e, to
pleafe him, authorizeth him to raife a tenth from the Clergy , this made him
more odious; whereupon command is given that no Bulls (hall be received
from him , and that no Clergy man (hould acknowledge him , and withal an
2Q Army is fent to befiege him; wherqupon he removes from Aveniotf^and rei u ns
home to Spain^ having the Eucharift carried all the way before him, that none
might hurthim.
Great debate arofe about the kingdome of Anagon^ between divers Princes
defcended from king Petcrhy differentbran ches : Duke de Anjou laid claim to'
it in right of his wife Jobant , the daughter of 'John eldell: fon to king Veterty
all parties were contented to fubmit themfelves to the arbitration of fome
holy and learned men, thele adjudged the kingdome to feri^;w.j«^ youngeft
fon to the king of Caftile^ and Leonar daughter to Te/cr king o£ Arr.igot?^ whofe
eldeft fon was dead, having left one fon named 'John of Cajlile. The kings of
^Q England and France meet near Calif^ where a match isconcluded between the
daughter of fr4»c?, and the king of fw^/./w^:^/ fon,
After the Chriftians were defeated at Nicapolis hy the 7;/r^,young Sigipmiiid
king of Hungary^ who had efcaped, returned into his Country : he it was for
■■Whofe caufe king cA^r/ej o^ Naples "was murtheredby oneA'ic^wat the com-
mand of the old Queen, both which were (hortly after put to death by ckirks
his friends. This SrgjfmHnd remthiag^ found that in his abfcnce the people had
been much wronged by theNobility,wherefore he cut off the heads of two and
thirty of his chief Lords; fome think this execution was done before the battel
b^NJcopolff^xxt he was fo hated for thisjand fiigfited for his overthrow at N.'t:-
50 P^l^) th^t two of the chief Lords of Hungary confpired againft himjand took
him prifoner,com]hnitting him to the cuflody of Njcons two foris, hoping f hey
Would keep him fure : then they. fent to Ladiflat^km^ of Naples to accept of
the Crown, butheremembring thedifafterof his hihexcharles madenohafle
thither ; in the interim the widow o^Nicon intreats her two Tons to fet free the
king, left jLrf^//''^*^ obtaining the Crown might revenge his firhcrs death on
them ; fo Sigifmind is fet free , who inftantly cuts off the heads of thofe
LI 2 i\W
504 ^^^^ Second Tan of the Bo o k V*
Arrjchrijii. two Lords who apprehended him. About this time Wemcjlaus the Em-
w''~V>-' perour being depofed , \Rohert his fucceflbur made war with the Duke of
Mitlan^ by whom he was defeated and driven back to Ger/^^i^y .• two years
after the Duke of MiUnn died.
Daring the French kings indifpofition, there arofea great debate betweerl
the Dukes of Orleans and Bttrgiindy about the governttient of Vrance : (hortly
after, rhili^ le Hardy Duke of 'Burgundy diedj but the feud between thefc
two houfes grew hotter , fo that Taris was much difturbed with the two
faftionsjwhich came to that height , that one night the Duke of Orleans as he
went late from the Queens lodgings, wasmurtheredinthe ftreets, by fomc jq
that fled immediately into the Duke of Burgundies houfe^ the Duke hjm-
1407. felf fled to Arrns^ ^nd from thence into his own Country, where he found an
Army ready, which he conduced againft the Ligeok , who would not receive
their Bilhop.
Chap. XI.
The Hifiory of England, interrvovin rvith fame fajfagei of France and Scot-
Uadjfrom the year i^oi. till \^ $0. ao
I 5 o I. A P^'^^^ being made between Trance and England^ King Edward the firft
/A makes a third expedition into 5rtf//4«(^, where he did nothing but be-
-*• ••-fiege Sterling three moneths , which in the end was furrcndred upon
compofitionj but the King kept not his promife ; The Scots complain to the
Pope of King Edwards ufurpation over them,being hitherto a free Kingdome^
the Pope writes to the King to forbear medling any way with Scotland^ as be>-
longing to the Church : The King defires his Holinefs not to trouble him-
felf in this matter, alleadging that Scot land z^penahed to the Crovm of Eng-
land. Then being furnifhed with men and money, he makes a fourth journey 3^
to Scotland, where he had fealry again Tworn to nimj then returns home , ancl
removes the Exchequer from lor/^. Sr. Nicholas Segrave being accufed by
Sr. John Cromwel for treafon , offers to juftifie himfelf in a duel, which the
King denied him ^ whereupon he leaves the Kings camp, and goeth beyond
fea to fight his enemy , for this, he is adjudged guilty of death , but by the in-
terccfllon of the Peers is pardoned : then the King makes inquiiition for in-
truders on other mens lands (this writ was called 7m//»rf^o») for batteries,
ravifiiers, murthereis, &c. He terrifies divers of the Nobility for their former
infolencies, and got great fummes of them : He got the Pope to unty the Co-
venants made between him and his fubjeds,after he had fent him fome golden 4^
vefiels for his Chamber. But when he heard that 5r«ce was king oi Scotland^
he was fiartled , and begins to comply again with his people : Tembrook^^
Clifford and Percy are fent with an Army to relieve his Wardens of Scotland'^
he follows after with another A rmy : three hundred fons of Earls, Barons and
Knights, aflemble to wait upon the Prince in this expedition, all whom he
girds with a Military belt , as the King did likewife the Prince , whom then
he Knighted : then the Ring made a folemne vow to be revenged on Bruct
^ 3 ° 7* for the death of Cumn.
The thirtieth penny of the Clergy and Laity, and the twentieth of all
Merchants being granted, the King makes his laft expedition into Scotland^ ^o
before whofe arrival , Bruce was defeated by the frauds and family of Cumin^
affifted by the Englifli forces that were fent before : ^ruce efcapes, his brother
and fom.e Lords are found out and executed 5 the Wi^O-oi Robert Bf'wceisfent
prifoncr to Lofidon : the Countefs of huchan is put into a wodden Cage , and
hung out upon the walls o£ Barrvick. The King calls a Parliament at C4r///7(?,
in which he yeelds to the Pope the firft fruits of all Churches within his
Dominions,
Chap.i I. Htflory of the U^orJd, 50^
Dominions, and the Pope granted the King all the Tenths of thofe Churches Ait.Cbrijih
for two years. In the mean while King Tiruce tecovei s new Forces, allailes the W%^>m
EarlofFf«?irtfA^,and defeats him ^ then three dayes after chafes the EArleof
Gloucejicr into the Caftle of ^yer, where he befiegeth him^ but the (icge is raifed
by King E^ir^zr^/j forces, whoatlafr, having flied fo much blood, dieth of a
Bloody-flux, uponihefandsoi Scotland by ^Hn-ongh, by which wc liiay fee,
that the Kingdomes of this world iare built upon fandy fourtdations •-, hereigti-
cd four and thirty years feven moneths, his age was (ixty eight : his fiitceffor
\V3iS Ecitfard the fecond, on whom was conferred the Earldomeof C^r^m^//^
to EdMund King BJchardt fon of the Romans being dead without iflue ^ biit this
Earldome young King Ec^jr^r^rfbeftowed on f/erce^^^f^owe, whom he ffctal-
kd from his banifhmentjnotwithftanding his father had forbid him, being
he had corrupted his youth, and caufed this young Prince to commit divers
riots, for which Prince Edvt>ard had been a while imf>rifoned by h« F**
ther.
King Ei^irW the fecondprefently upon hisentring into his Government^
difpleafed his people by recalling Gaveftone^ and beftowing oh him not onely
Corntvalj but alfo the Biftiop ofchejlen goods, who had been his Father^ Trea-
lurer 5 him he arrefts, imprifons, and beftowes all his eftate upon this Gave-^
iofione^ becaufe the Bilhop had complained againlt the Princes riots to his Fa-
ther 5 then makes a new Treafurer, arid removes all his Fathelt Oncers with-
out confent of his Councel ^ he calls a Parliament at Northat^ptbn^ in which a
fifteenth of the Clergy, and a twentieth of the Laity are gfanted him. After
his fathers Funerals, he is married to //a/'e/, rhili^ the Fair'S Daughter, thd
Nuptials are performed at F«iK77g» With great fdlemnity , inthefecond yeat
of his reign he is crowned, which was like to have been hindred by the Lords,
becaufe he fufFeredhimfelf tobe totally ruled by Oavejione, who corrupted
both him and his Court with all manner of excels and debauchery 5 but hd
promifed the Lords, that he would perform their defires the next Parliament.
20 Shortly after his Coronation,all the Knights-Templars in England are arr efted
and imprifoned. Gavejione is profecuted by the Lords, whom h6 flights and
nicknames. A Parliament is called. Magna charta confirmed, ill Counfellors i 2 i ©„
and ftrangers are removed, the Kings power reftrained, zrid Gavejione bani-
ftied into Ireland, Thcfe Articles are ratified, and Excommunication denoun-
ced againft fuch as (hould contradift them, by the Archbiftiop of Canterbury^
lately recalled from his banifhment ; but the King fliortly after calls home his
tnimon Gavejione, whomhemarrieth to his Neece, fifterto Gilbert de Clare
Earle ofGloureJier, and daughter to John de Acres^ and beftowes on him the
Jewels of the Crown, which he fold to ftrangers, and conveyed away much
40treafure.
The Barons threaten the King with a war, unlefs he put away his minion^
who therefore is baniftied again, and threatned with death, if ever hereafter
he be found within the Kingdome ; he ftielters himfelf a while in Flanders^
but finding no fecurity there, nor elfewhere, returnes to the King, who joy-
fully receives him s the Lords upon this combine againft him, an Army is
raifed, the King is befought to deliver up G4t;e/?tf»e 5 but he conveyes him to
NenJ-Crf/^/e, where underftanding of the Barons Army, they both remove by
Sea to Scarborough Cajile^where the King leaves him guarded, and goeth him-
felf to IVarvprckjInre 5 Scarbnrongh is befieged, Gavejione is taken, whom the
- Lords (notwithftanding the King foUicitedfor his life) condemned him to
the block, and beheaded. After this the Lords threaten the King, that unlefs
he would ratifie the laft Articles, they would force him .• The Prelates, with
the Earl oiGlouceJier^ and two Cardinals fent from the Pope, labour to recon-
cile the King and Lords; the Cardinals are checked for intermedling with
bufinefs concerned them not 5 yet the Lords yield to deliver up to the king
the Treafuresandjewels which they took from Gavejionej fothat he would
grant
5o6 The Second Van of the Book Y\
An.Chirjii. grant their Petitions. About this time Queen ifabel at IVindfor is delivered of
'-''<^'^''^^^"^^>^ afonnamed£d'jr,ir(r/; a Parliament fliortly after is called, in which the King
complaines againft the Lords, and they againft him ^ atlaftthcy areperfwa-
dcd to crave pardon of the king, which they obtained, and their Articles are
confirmed. . >5 ..\
In this mean while king 5r«ce growes ftrong in ScotUnd^ which he ha^ al-
moft totally regained, and with an Army invades EngUnd •-, king Edward rai-r
feth an Army of one hundred thoufand againft him : Neer Sterling upon
the River Bannoch^^ Bruce with thirty tHoufand horfe and foot encoun-
tred king EdiViird-^ the Scots had digged trenches which they pitched full of j
fharp ftakcs, and covered them over with hurdles and turfe, by which the En-
g/z/Z* horfe Were confounded, and their whole Army utterly defeated, here
were killed divers Lords and Earls oi England^i^ven hundred knights,Efquires
and Gentlemen, of common Souldiers ten thoufand, many prime men taken
prifoners, but the king efcaped back to Tork , who defired to be revenged on
^ 5 ^ ^* the Scots^ but could no^ x\\c Enghjl) borderers run all away, leaving their
countreyto the mercy of the enemy. This war was accompanied with Fa-
mine, Dearth, and Peftilence,' fo that a Parliament is called at London to abate
the price ofViftiaalsjthe Dearth notwithftanding lafted three years,by reafon
of exceflive rainesjand a murrain among the Cattel, both the King and Lords 20
were pinched in their diet. About this time the Earle of Lancajiert wife is
taken out of his houfe at Can ford mDoxfctJIjire^hy a deformed DwarffjClaiming
her for his wife.jand by, her the Earldomes of Lincoln :Mid Salisbury^ it's
thought the King was an J<Q"or herein, for which the King was taxed, even byi
a woman difguiledon horf-back, whotQd^ into PVeJin/mJier-HaU , when the
king was at dinner there on Whitfnnday^ anti delivered him a Letter, wherein
his evil courfes were reproved 5 fhe confeffed Ihe was hired fo to do by a
knight, who iik^wife juftified his faft. .
Not only did Robert Bruce overthrow the king twice, and obtain the Crown
of Scotland^ but he fends over his brother alfo with an Army into /re/4«^, a 30
great part whereof he conquered, and made himfelf king,which he held three
yearsM.Edrvard it feems intended to have had the Earl ofLancaJler murthered
bythe^c(7rr,asappearcdby a Letter fent from him to the ^rc?/ J- k. which was
intercepted, and the mefl'enger executed. The 5'c<7// plunder as far ^sTork^:
Hereupon a Parliament is called at Loudon^ money and men are raifed, but the
EftghJJj Army mutined and came to nothings BarrvicI^^ is (unendicd to the
Scots ^ k.Edmtrd beleaguers it 5 but the Scots to raife the fiege, enter with new
Forces upon England^ and had almoft^furprifed the Queen neer Yorl^:) the Earl
ofLancdJier withdrawes himfelf from the fiege of Barrvicli^ becaufe the king
promifed the Towneto Hugh Spencer his minion;, this Spencer with, his fa- 4.0
ther fo exafperatedtheLordSjthatthey took up Armes againft the king, and
forced him to banilh them both. Ten thoufand EngliJI) are defeated again by
the ^c^??/, who killed 3000 of them:, wherefore K-Ei^jr^fjW concludes a Truce
with them for two years, and returns with difhonour home. The Queen is
denied lodging in theCaftle oi Leeds, belonging to the Lord Badlefmore^SiS (he
was going towards Canterbury^ whereupon the King befiegeth and takes it,
hangs up the KecpcT^Badlcfmoreswiie and children are fent to the Tower,and
all his eftate feifed on:, then the king raifethan Army againft the Barons ,
whereof divers fubmitted themfelves to him , chiefly the two Roger Mor-
timers-^ The Lords that held out are difcomfited by the kings Forces^ the 50
Earl of I^wr^yrer with many other Lords are taken and executed. Prefently
upon this the King marcheth with a mighty Army into Scotland^ whence he
was forced for want to return without blowes •■, the Scots purfue him,and had
almofttaken him, as they did his treafute with the Earl oi RJcl.Mond 5 fo ha-
ving willed all as far as the walls of Tork , return richly laden into Scotland.
Sir Andrew Mar 14^^ who for taking i-<2«r'i/?firprifoner at Borough-Brigs^ was
made
Chap. T I. Htjlory of the TTorld. 307
made Earle oiCarltlc i, upon fufpition for combining with the Scoti^ is drawn, A>}.Chrjji'rt
hangedj and quartered for treafon, at Lf'Wirfw/, , w^o>^
And now the king and his Clergy fall afunder about the Bifhop of Hereford^ * 3 5 ^.
whom he arrefted and accufed of high-treafort for aiding the rebellious Lords^
he refufed to anfwer without leave of the Arch-bifhop oi^Cdnterbury 5 his fel-
loW-Bilhops then took him from the Bar, and delivered him to Canterbury 5
afterward being taken and convented, the Bifhops with their Croffes eredted
took him away again from the place of judgementjand excommunication de-
nounced againft thofe thatfhould lay hands on him 5 but the king finding
10 him guilty, feifeth on his eftate. In this mean while the French king feifeth
on all the king of EngUnds Territories there, for omitting to come over when
he was fummoned, to do his homage : The spencers held it unfafe for him to
go over in perfon, his kingdomc being fo diftempered 5 therefore the Queen,
lifter to the French k.is fent, who negotiates fo with her btother,that all quar-
rels (hould end, if king Edward would give to his fon Edieatd the Dutchy of
Aqnitane and Earldome oiPontheu^ and ferid him over to do homage , which
was aflented to '-, fo the Prince is fent over with the Bifhop oi Exefer^'^Yio per-
ceiving fhortly after his arrival fome plots between the Queen, the Princej
and Roger Mortimer lately efcaped out of the Tower of London^ acquaints the
20 king therewith ^ he upon this fends prefently for them , but they neglefting
to come, are proclaimed enemies to the king, and order taken at all the Port^
that they ftiall not be fuffered to land 5 The Queen, upon fufpition that her
brother would betray her to the Spencers^ who had bribed his Counfcllorij
thereto, withdraws to the Earl oi Renault and Holland^ whofe daughter rhjhp
(he contrads with her fon the Pritlce ^ by the Earls means (he is tranfported
oyer into England^ lands at Harjvich^ With the Prince, the Earle of Kent the
kings brother, Vembrokg, Mortimer^ John the the Earl of Henaklts brother, and
7^00 Flemings-^ ftieis received by divers of the difcontented Lords, and by
ihcBi(ho^sof Hereford and Lincoln.
20 The king upon this craved aide d{ London^ but found none ^ Death is pto-
claimed to thofe that affifted the Queen 5 all her adherents are commanded to
be deftroyed,except the Queen, Prince, and Earle ofKent •-, a thoufand pounds
proffered for Mortimers head. So leaving the City , he departs towards the
weft, where he is flighted, without hope of any aide 5 the Queen marchetH
with her inereafing Army to Oxfords, the Eiftiop of Here/tfr<^ preached, and con-
cluded from his Text, 2 King. 24. My headaketh^ that the aking and fick head
6f a kingdom was to be taken off. The Queen proffers 2000 pound for young
Spencers head, and proclaims, that the Souldiers fhould not take from the fub-
jeft any thing without ready money, otherwife to be puniftied with the lofs
40 of a finger, hand, or head, if the value of the thing taken came to three pence,
fix pence,or twelve pence. The king finding no aide,and being perfecuted by
the Queen, upon fufpition that he would have murthered her, fecures old
Hugh Spencer in the Caftle o(BriJiol^ and commits himfelf to the Sea, lands in
fTrf/er, and is hid in the Abbey of Ne/A : the Queen is met 3it Cbucejier with
aide from the North, then wins the Caftle of ifr/J/^/ ; Hugh Spencer Earle of
PVifrrhe^er/isukett, drawn, hanged in his Coat- Armour, headed and quar-
tered, at Henr/^rc/ftieproclaimesjthatif the king would return and rule the
State as he fhould, he fhould be reftored to all again -^ but he came not, where-
fore the Prince is made Guardian of the kingdome, hath fealty fwom to him 3
&Q a new Chancellor and Treafurer are chofen..
The king is at laft found, and by Henry Earl of Lancajier, brother to" the late
Thomas, is conveyed to the C^kle o£ Kenelvporthi, 4:h.e younger Spencer now
Earle oicloitccfter, is drawn and hanged on a Gallows fifty foot high, and had
the like execution which his father had ^ the Earl oi Arundel, with two Ba-
rons, and others that adhered to the king, were executed at Hereford-^ Baldock,
the Chancellor, being a Prieft, was pined to death in N&^gate. The Londoners
force
3 o8 "The Second Tart of the Bo ok V.
An.Chrifli. force the Maior, who held for the king,to take their part •-, all prifoners are let
^^•^'-^r^sJ out^ the Tower is taken, and ']ohnPVeJlon the Conftable pat to death, the
12 2 7. Bi^op of Exeter, the kings Treafurer, is murthered ; the Queen returning
with the Prince to London, call a Parliament, in which the King is depofed,as
unfit to govern j Prince Fdwardis eledted , Canterbury preacheth on this Text,
Voxpopuli vox Dei 5 the Queen feems difcon tented at this eleftion ; the Prince
to comfort her, fwore he would not accept of the Crown without his fathers
confent5 wherefore three Bifhops, two Earls, two Abbots, and four Barons,
three Knights of each Shire, and Burgeffes of every City and Borough are fent
to the imprifoned King to require the renunciation of his Crown, which he lo
aflented to, having excufed his mifgovemment, and thanked them for eledb-
ing his fon. After this he is removed to the Caftle oicorff, where he was mur-
thered by his Keepers, who through a horn,which they put in his fundament,
pierced his guts with a burning fpit, having reigned nineteen years and about
eight moneths : After his depofing he was the Founder of Om/Colledge and
S. Mary Hall in Oxford , he had two fons,P. Edward^ and John oiEttham Earl of
Cornwal, who died young in Scotland-^ his daughter J^an married to David
Princeof Sctf//4W,and£//4»ortothe DukeofOeWsr/; Some write that he
was carried up and down from one Caftle to another, that his friends might
not find him, and all plots difappointedjand that he was murthered luBark^ 20
ley Caftle 5 but I will not ftrive about circumftances.
King Edward the third being but fourteen years old when he began his reign
was thought unfit as yet to manage the kingdome; therefore five Bilhops
and feven Lords are chofen to govern the kingdome ; but the Queen and Ro'
ger Lord Mortimer ruled all. The ftrangersthat came over with the Queen un-
der the Earl oiHenaults brother,are fent to joyn with the EngliJ}} Army at Tork^
1328. againft Scotland, but a quarrel arofe between the EngUp and the ftrangers , fo
that nothing was effeded, and the Scots Army returned. The next year the
Marriage with Philippa oiHenault is folemnized, and a Parliament held at Hor-
thampton^m which a diftionourable peace is concluded with Scotland,and their 30
homage releafed ^ Jane the Kings fifter is marred to David fon to Robert Bruce 5
S' RogerMortimer is made Earl oiMarch^thc Inftrument or Charter of the Scots
fealty is reftored : In the Parliament held Qiortly after at Winchejler, Edmund
Earl of Kent this young Kings Uncle, for intending to reftore the King his bro-
ther,is condemned -, he ftood four hours on the Scaffold for want of an Execu-
tioner, at laft one was found.
The next year a Parliament is held at Nottingham, in which the Queen
lofeth her great Joynture, being three parts of the kings Revenues, and is put
to a penfion of a thoufand pounds per annum. Mortimer is accufed for procu-
ring the late kings deathjfor receiving a bribe of 20000 pounds from the Scots 40
by which the Army efcaped at Stanhop-^d^xW 5 for making a diftionourable
peace with Scotland, for bebg too familiar with the Queen, and for the death
of the kings Uncle j for thefe he is condemned,drawn, and hanged at Tyburne,
where his body hungtwodayesas a fpeftacle. After this, king Edward being
fujnmoned by Philip Valok now k. oi France, goeth over to do his homage for
theDutchyofG«re«^ by this he acknowledged the right of his Competitor
for that kingdome, becaufe king C/tjr/e/ being dead without iflue male, the
Crown by the Salique Law fell to PhtlipValois the Coufin-german, and not
to king Edward,xho\i^ neerer,and the Nephew of the faid king Charles, as we
have already ftiewed in the Hiftory oi France. King Edwardihsn did his ho- 50
inagCjby prefenting himfelf in perfon in the great Church of Amiens^m a crim-
fbn Velvet Gown embroidered with Leopards , having his Crown on his
head,. a fword by his fide, and golden fpurs on his heels; king rA////> fate in
his Chair of eftate in a violet-coloured Velvet Gown embroidered with gol-
den Lillies, his Crown on his head, and Scepter in his hand, in the midft of his
Peers 5 king Edward by command of the Chamberlain of France puts off his
Crown,
Chap. T I. Hijlory of the irorld. 3^^
crownj'fwordandfpurs, then kneeling on a crimfon velvet cufliion before ^w.C/jr/T?/.
king rhil/p^ proniifcth to be loyal as Duke oiCuyen and Peer oiFrance^to King •-^''W-'
Thilip 5 the Chamberlain pronouncing the words of homage before, and piTt-:
ihg his hands together between the French kings hands 5 then king Edward
rifetbjand kiHeth the French king(as the Lord of the Fee)in the mouth.
After th isj V. Edward returns to England^ and aids Edward Ealiol fon to lohnl
who 32 years before had ufurped the ciown, and was depofed. This Edward
Baliol^ whilft the young k.DavJd Bruce was in France^ got himfelf to be crowri-
cd king at Scone^ having firft defeated the Bruceans, by the help of thofe Scots
10 that were for B/f//^/ 5 yet this new Ring is drivenout of^co^/4«<5/by the Bru-
ceans. King Edward comes with a great Army , and after three moneths fiegc
takes Bcra>ick , and defeats the Scots army at Halidorpn-bill^ who came to raife
the (Tege^ here were flain 7 Earls, 900 Knights and Baronets, 400 Efquiresi
and 5 2000 common fouldiers, (^the Scotifli writers mention but 14000.) The
Lord Seatot!^ who was governour of Benvick^^ conditions with king Edward.,
that if refcue came not by fuch a day , he would render him up the Town, in
aflurance of which he delivers him two of his Tons 5 but when king Edward
fawthe Scots forces come before the day , he fummons5'c4^<7» to render the
Town prefently, or elfe he fliould fee his two fons executed : The Lord being
20 doubtful what to doe, is encouraged by his wife rather to lofe their two fons^
then his faith to his Prince, charity to his Country, and dignity of his Family-
And fo the two young Gentlemen were hanged.
K. Baljol being fetled in Scdtland^^ at Newcajik doth homage to the king of i ^^ji
England^ for which the Nobility ot Scotland are difcontented, and threaten to
drive him out : So that k.Edward was forced to raife vaft fums of mony upon
, theEnglifh to maintain theScotifh war,and three years together goeth thither
in perfon with new Armies, being defirous to fubdue -Sc(7^/^«(5/ before heat-
tempted France. A Parliament is held dit. London, wherein the FleMingi arc
invited hither to make their Cloth , becaufe no Wool! was to be tranfported
50 beyond feas , this was to draw the Flemings to fide with him againft the
French : It was alfo enadted , that none (hould wear other then Englifli cloth^
except the King,Queen,and their children : Tenths, Fifteenths, the Ghurchea
treafure for the Holy war, Subfidies of wools, and the goods of Lombards, Clu-
fteacjues, and Cijlerciatts ^ are given to the king towards this expedition into
France:, the Emperourand divers German Princes fide with him. Then the
Ring with his Queen and Children go over to Flanders, thence enter France 5
the two Armies look upon each other, nothing was aded, only a Hare ftarted
before the head of the French army, which occafioned a new knighthoodjCall'd
knights of the Hare: other particulars we have mentioned in the French ftory.
40 K.EJw^ri^ after a years abfence returns mto England^ leaving the Queen in
Brabant : He lands about midnight at the Tower,which he found unguarded.
He calls a Pari i amen t,and receives great fubfidies of Clergy 8c Laity, and hath
loans of many wealthy menrFor his mighty fubfidies,tJivers pardons are grant-
ed, and the great Charter confirmed. The Englifh are worfted at Lijk, but the
French fleet is beat at {ea.Tournay is befieged by the Englifti^A challenge is fent
by k.FJtoard to k.Philip,but rejefted. After Tournaji is befieged 3^months,by the
mediation of Fhiltppa's mother (a Nun) truce is concluded for one year. So Q^
rhilippa after 3 years abfence returns to England with the king : me had two
fons in Flanders:;, L!onelD.o(Clarencejand']ohn(boTn at GauntJD.of Ldncajler.
50 The king complains that he was forced to raife the fiege from Tiw<r«^^, for
want of mony, for which he accufeth John Stratford Archbifhop of Canterbury^
he by his letters (for he durft not Come to the king in perfon) clcares himfelf
and accufeth the king of tyrannic and oppreffion, chiefly of the Clergy, divers
of whom he had imprifon drtheking is forc'd to collogue with his Parliament
for more fupplies ofmonies,8cconfirms divers grants,which when his turn was
ferved, he revoked. Shortly afterthis, John of Montfort being in competitioiii
M m with'
3 1 o T^he Second ^art of the Bo ok V.
Art.Chrijli. with Charles de Blois about the Dutchy of Brjtanji, craves aid of king EdvcarJ^
WOr>-» as we have (hewed before. Many bickerings there were between the French
and Englijh in Britany, till a Truce of three years was conluded.
K. Edro^ird after this drives y..David owt oi Scotland into the If lands. William
MontacHteY.ix\ oisdisbury conquers the Ifle o^Man^-whom k.E<s/jr4r^ftiled king
thereof. A Society of the knights of the R.ound-table,in imitation of k.^r^^«r
is deligned, and a chamber of 200 foot round ereftcd at Windfor for the fame:
J 2 . o. then began the Order of the Garter at Wmdfor^ occafioned by the garter of the
Countefs o^SaHsburj^ taken up by the king in dancing with her, the number
of the knights are 26 befides the king^ thefe held a yearly feaft at W^7»^rj 10
where the fame kmgEdward founded a Church,and gave to certain Priefts and
Prebends large ftipends to ferve there ^ he ordain'd alfo 1 3 aged decayed Gen-
tlemen to be there maintained,to pray for the profperity of the Knights.
In a Parliament at ^^w/w/^er complaint is made againft the collation of
Benefices on llrangers, therefore a Letter is fent to Pope Clement the 6. from
the Lords and Commons, feconded by the Kings Letters, by Sir john Shordich
a civil Lavi^er, defiring the Pope to recall all fuch collations and refervations 5
all Patrons alfo are prohibited to grant fuch collations under pain of imprifon-
ment or death , in this Parliament Archbiftiop Stratfordu^on fubmiffion is re-
conciled to the King,and P. Edward about the age of i ^.is created P.o£ Wales, a ^q
tenth is granted by the Clergy, and a fifteenth by the Laity, then general muft-
ers are taken through the whole kingdom, then k.Edrvard goeth over to Flan-
ders, James Artevile is imployed by him to induce the Flemings to revolt from
their Earl, but he had his brains beaten out at Gunnt for his labour, and fothe
kings defign failed him. And now the wars break out again between France
and England-^ K. Edvpard left the Lords Tiercy and Nc'y// Wardens of England^
and takes with him the young Prince being aged 18 years, and an Army of
4000 men at Armes, icooo Archers,befides Wellh and Irifh •, he lands in Nor-
mandy, and divides his men into three battails, one to march on his left hand
along the fea-coaft, the other on the right conduced by the tv/o Mar(hals,and 50
himfelf in the midft with the main Army 5 the Earl of Huntington is Admiral ,
of the Fleet, he firft facks Caranton and burns it, having found the heads o^ Ba-
con^ Viercy, and others there maffacrcd by li.rhilip, then he takes Lo, Cain, and
other Towns,then he goeth over the river Some and defeats the French which
were fent to hinder his pafl'age, being 1 000 French horfe and 6000 foot , the
Englifh Army confifts of 30000. the Prince hath the Vantguard,wherein were
8co men at Armes,2ooo Archers and 1000 other , the fecond battel was com-
mitted to the Earls of y^r««^it7 and Northampton, the Lords RoJ/e, Willoughby,
S.Alban, Multon^und others, wherein were 800 men at Armes,and 2000 Arch-
ersjthe third battail was led by the K.having 700 men at Armes and 2000 Ar- 40
chers, the French Army confilted of 60000. wherof there were above 3000 Ba-
rons, Knights and Gentlemen, befides 1000 more of the Earle of Savoys, the
Vantguard he commits to his brother Count de Alanjon, the Rear to the Earle
oi Savoy, the main battel he leads himfelf^ Alanfon contrary to the k. of Bohe-
WM i advice would not fuffer the Ge/;flw/ Infantry (which confifted of ISOO
Crofs-Bows) (hould make the firft front, therefore by changing the feat of the
Army he caufed diforder and difcontent, befides a fudden rain fell which dif-
folved their ftrings, and made their Bowes ufelefs.
King Edward from a Windmill-hill perceiving the enemy difordered, fends
to charge the Cenoves, who prefently recoil 5 Alanfon with Savoy ^ Lorain, and ^q
the Delphi ft deVienois, through the Genoves ro,^ ftirioufly upon the EngliJI)
battel where theprince wasjthe French king feeing his brother like to be wor-
ded by the Englijl), makes up to dif-ingage him^ the fight grew hot and
doubtful :, King Edward is fent for to come up with his aide, but refufed,when
he knew the Prince was alive,for he defired that the honour of the day (hould
be his j the French Kings horfe being (lain, and he conveyed out of the field,
the
Chap. 1 1. Btfiory of the JVorld. 2 1 1
the reft Were difheartned, and fo the EngUJi) ^ot the day, 3CCC0 were flaih, of^Xhrijii.
which were 1 5000 Earles^ Barotis, and Gehtlcmen ;;, other particulars we havfe ^-T^^'
touched in the French 'flory r the next morning King Edroard fent out three
hundred Lances, and two thoufand Archers, to difcovcr what wasbccomfeof
the enemy, whofoiindfome Troops Commingtothe Artny, being ignorant
of what hadhapnedj thefc are dlfb defeated. The Engl/p Forces ftnt t5
aide Alontfort z^amii Charles ^e 5/i>/V,prevailed,and took Charles prifoner With
fome Lords and Knights. That year alfo King David o? Scotland is over-
thrown by the Qiieen of f^^/^^^^^ahdhetfore^es, fifteen thbufand Scots wqvq
- flain, the Earles of f //e, Menteth^ Afurrey, Sutherland^ with the Lord DoHglaJs^
the Arch-bi(hop of Saint Jftdretps^ahd others &re taken prifoners. Henfy df
hattcajier With ah Army of fix thoufand pillageth the countrey d^ VoiQdu,
Kmg Edxffardhe^iegeih Calice. The French King having punifhed his T rea-
liirers and Colledors, raifeth a great fum of money^ and with it an Army^ but
could not raife the fiege from Calice, and fo breaks up his Army and retumes
to Park ; two Cardinals are fent to make peace, but could not : Calice h fur*
rendred, which continued with the £«^/;y/j two hundred and ten years after ^
fo a Truce being made for fome mbnethsj King £^n'4r^ retumes triumphing
home.
jiQ Thefe W2(rs were accompanied with great plagues dnd famine, fo that in 1
fiiort time half of the people died. King E^rp^r,^ goeth over again to Calked
imderftanding it was like to be betrayed by the Governouf for 200CO crowns,
Monfieur de Charnej/ fent the money before^ and he comes after with fome
Forces, the money is received, and the King goeth out with his Forces to
meet him, i (harp encounter there was, the King was difguifed, and twice
beaten down by one Riboumont^ whdm afterward he took prifoner, and for his
valour rewarded, and fet him free without ranfome. After this the King got
the Caftle o£ Guifnes aeev Calice for a fum of money , and ftiortly after the < ^ - -
French King died. '3 50»
go . ■ ■ ^
Chap. Xll.
A prdfecution of the En^'iihjiorj/ fra;ff the year i ^50. till 11^^^.
THe Spaniards had taken ComeEkgliJh Ships laden with wines in the Ri-
ver Garoune, wherefore King Edtvdrd feiCed on fome Spanijh Ships laderi
with cloath, as they were paffing from Flanders. The Monies here are
abated in weight, and yet pafs according to the former value, which caufed
40 much murmuring among the people.The Staple of WooIIs is withdrawn frotft
Flanders J and fet up in Englarid^ becaufe the young Earl Levpk on whom King
EdvpArd would have beftowed his daughter, Was got aWay and married to the
Duke of BrabaHts daughter. A Parliament is held at Pi ejiminfier^ in which
Weares, Mills, and other ftoppages of Rivers hindiing boats, are commanded
to be removed, all common Whores are injoyned to wear hoods ftriped with
divers colours, and the wrong fides of their garments outward. Henry Lord
Derby is made Duke o^Lancafier. Charles de Blots is fet free to procure his ran-
fome of 40000 Florens. The Pope labours to make peace between the two
Kings, but could not, becaufe the French king would not part with the Ho-;
-Q mage due for the Dutchy o£ Aqnitain. The Prince of Pf^'aks fets forth with
900 fail for Gafcoign^with 1000 rfien at Arms,2ooo Archers,bcfides the Welch
foot. Three moneths after K, Edrvard gaffes over to Calice with another Army^
where he was met with 1000 Geftftaft^aElefnifi} Mercinaries,his Army cpnfifted
of 5000 men at Arms, 2000 horfe-Archers befides the foot 5 London fent 300
men at Armes and 500 Archers.-butthis Army returned without effeding any
^thing, for the French kbg would not fight.
Mm 2 AfteU
3T1 "''""^'^The Second Tan of the Bo®k V;>
An.Chrifii. After this. King Edward is invited over into France by the King of Navar^
'»-'<J^'V"''^^ whom the French king had imprifoned 5 as v^-e have fhewed f, for this expedir
tion fifty fliillings is granted to the king upon every fack of Wool for fix
years : but before he goeth to France , he marcheth with an Army to recover
jJerzi'if^.vvhich had been taken by the Scots whilft he waslaftat Calis-^ he rer
gains the Town, and Baliol refigns his (hare of Scotland to him : In the interim
Prince EdiVard wa.'}:eth much of the French Territories ^ fo that the French
king is forced to raife another Army, which encounters with the Enghfli near
Popkrs^ and is overthrown by them ; the particulars we have (et down in the
French ftory : the French king is brought over to England , and lodged in the .
Savoy : King David o( Scotland is ranfomed : Farif rebels againft the Dolphin, ■
caufeth him to releafe the king o^Navar'-i the Provoft afl'aultsihe Dolphins
houfe with three thoufand Artificers ^ he ruftieth into his chamber , and flew
two Marftials o£ France^ and withall takes and puts on the Dolphins hat
edged with gold on his own hej^d, and fets his own party-coloufed hat on the
Dolphins head, and fo he goeth Qut, caufing the two dead bodies to be trailed
along the ftreets for the people to gaze oh : then he writes to the other
Cities of France to )oyn with him , and to take his livery as the Dolphin had
done^ but they refuled : the Dolphin in the mean while efcapes from Parff,
raifeth an Army , and quels thfc 'P*tr/y?^K/. Thefe troubles hindred the Kings 20
ranfome.
King Edward having kept ^cFrench king four years prifoner , and finding
that there was no hade to ranfome him , and that he would not yeeld to do
homage for the kingdome of France , refolves to take poffeffion by the fword§
therefore he paileth over to Calk with a Fleet of eleven hundred fail 5 he di-
vides his Army into three battalies, one he commits to the Prince, another to
the Duke of Lancajier ^ the third-he leads himfelf^ he marcheth to Parfs, and
took divers Towns by the way 5 the Dutchie of Burgoyne redeems it felf from
fpoil for two hundred thoufand florins of gold : the Dolphin was now at
Park which he had maftered , king Edward could not get him to fight, where- 3®
fore he returns to Srf#4«)' 5 where having refreftied anti increafedhis Army "
returns to Park^wYAch, he found fp, well fortified by the Dolphin that he could
do no good on it : at lall:,being terrified with thunder,vows to make his peace
I 3 6 1, with Frattce , which was done j^ and^ king Jolin ranfomed : king Edward calls
a Parliament, in which the accord is ratified by the Eftates. The Priors aliens
have their land reftored, which w^re held from them during thefe wars. Ano-
ther great plague followed , in which with many other Noble-men 5 died the
D.o£ Lancajier a good Patriot,whofe daughter and heir was married to John of
Gaunt, who therebyis made D.o^ Lancajier : the Prince marries the Countefs of
Kcwfjdaughter to EdmundhTother to Ed. 2. Aquttain is beftowed on the Prince, ^q
who with his wife and Court goeth over to live there ^ his fon Lionel Earl of
Vljier \s(tnt'\nto Ireland with fifteen hundred men, and is made Duke of
clarence-^ king Edward keeps the day of his birth,and fiftieth year of his age,as
a Jubile,and pardons divers ofFences^he caufeth the Common- pleas which be-
fore were in French to be turned into Ertglijh ; he makes many good Laws
againft gluttony , drunkennefs , excefs of apparrel , he makes Clergy-mea
his chief officers, becaufe he relied upon their fanftity.
He was vifited fliortly after by John the trench king, who died here, as like-
wife by the king of Scots and the king of Cyprus. Prince Edward after his go-
ing over to Bttrdeanx^ affifted Peter of Cajiilc againft his brother Henry^ whom 50
the Frcwr/j aided ^ he beat the Frewr^, eftabliftiedre/frin his Throne, and re- ■
turned victorious to Burdeaax t, but not long after Peter is overthrown and
killed by his brother, fo the Prince is deceived of the great rewards promifed
by Peter ••, hence the fouldiers murmure for want of their pay, to pacifie whom
the Prince is forced to raife taxes on the Country of y^^7«/^?w 5 complaint is
made to Charles the fifth the French king, who fummons the Prince to appear
I before
Chap. 1 1. tfijlory of the IVorld. ^ 1 3
beforchimat r^w, contrary to the Articles of agreement between the xwo Jin^chrTjin
KingSi the Prince refufeth tocome , hereupon moft of his Country revolt to '
the trench, [o that what king Edrvard with much blood and treafure had beer!
getting in two ycars,is loft in one. After this^the French king fends a Navy to
trouble the coaft of England : king Edward feilds john oi Gaunt with an AnnV
vmtoCalif^ .which marched without any great oppofition to Bnrdeaux to the
Prince his brother j, wafting the Country as he went : another EngliJI) Army is
ientilnto St. Omcrs under Sir Robert Knowla , depopulating all in his Way till
Jie came to Tans-^ he took foihe Towns in the Earldome oi Anjou^ which
10 again revolted to the French upon a defeat given to the Englifj by king
Charles.
King Ef/rrW upon this diforder, calls a Parliament^ in which the Tempo-
fality grants himaSubfidie of fifteen thoufand pounds, but refufed by the
Clergy , wherefore the king in anger removes them from their places of truft
bnd profit : the Prince being fickly returns home to England^Wxth. his wife and
fon Richard^ born at BHrdeaux^ and refigns the Dutchy oi Aquitain to his
father^ the Duke of L-«»r<i^er being left bchinde 5 and having buried his wife
two years before in the great ficknefs , in which alfo Queen Philippa died j, he
marrieth Confianee, eldeft daughter to Teter king of Cajiile^ by whom
aohee had the empty Title of King oi Cajlile and Leon^ but their da«ghter
Katherine afterward became Qiieen of Cajiils and Leon^ being married
to Henry 9. who was in pofl'eflion : her pofterity were kings of Spain^
Edmund Earl oi Cambridge married Ijabel king Peters youngeft daughters
£?<7»c/ Duke of C/<fr<'Wfe marrieth the Duke of A/z/Z^^t daughter, and fliortly
ifter died : the other two returned to England with their wives. Rochel is be-
fieged by fea find land '■, the Earl of Pembrook^ is fent with forty fhips well
manned and monied , but he is defeated there by the Spanijhhvvnzdo^ and
taken prifoner^ Kiog Edward fent forth an Army to recover thefe lofles, but
was beat back by contrary winds 5 nine hundred thoufand marks fpent in this
JO expedition. Shortly after this the Duke oi'Lancajier loft his Army among the
mountains of Fr4«re, before he came to P«rJe<?«x .• the next yeai he returns,
having etFefted nothing , but loft all the Towns oiGafcoignt^ except Burdeaux
King Edxpardbe'mg (upplied With a new Subfidie, defires to end tHe quarrel
with fr;?»ce by Treaty^ two years are fpent about this at Iriiges^ tut nothing
done^ for the French demand Calk , and great fums of money , which could
not be granted *. In the mean time the Staple is removed from Calis , becaufe
of the danger of Merchants goods. Another Parliament is called at Weji-
minjier 5 the Ring calls for money j the people for redrefs of abufes in his offi-
i^Qcen, and that the Duke of L«»C/?y^er, Lord Latimer the Chamberlain, y//z<re
Pzer^'e the Kings Concubine, and fome others might be removed froin Courts
to which the King aflented. Anotherjubileeiskept in this Parliament, being
the fiftieth year of the Kings reign 5 another general pardon is granted, onely
William Wjcham Biftiop of Winchefier is ejccepted by procurement of the
Duke of Lancafter t, but this Jubilee is turned to forrow by the death of
the Prince, upon which the excluded parties return to Court, the Speaker
of the Houfe of Commons la Mare is committed to perpetual imprifonment
fit 'Nottingham at the fuit of Ahre Pierce , who now took upon her to fit and
intermedle in the Courts of Juftice^ theDukeof L^wf^y^f^r now manageth
50 all • but to prevent mifchief, Richard oi Bnrdeaux \r\ Parliament is created
Edrle of chejier and Cornwall^ and then Prince o(JVales, left John of Lancajier
ihould fupplant him i, the Earl of March is commanded by Ldn cajier over to
guard Cd///, which he refufeth, therefore his Office of Marftial is given to Sir
fimry Piercy. Prince iUchat^d is fet in the Kings feat in Parliament by han-
cajhr ^ who demands of the people more Subfidies^ which is denied till U
Mare the Speaker be enlarged : then the Duke demands aid from the
BifhOps^
3^4 ^/^^ Second Tan of the Book. V»
Jff.chnjih Billiops, that is alfo refufed till the Bifliop of IVjnchejier be reftorcd.
WY"^ At this time jf<?/j« Wjck^liffe^ being deprived juftly of his Benefice in Oxford
by the Archbiftiop of Canterbury , did begin to inveigh againft the pride and
wealth of the Clergy and Monks 5 which hath at moft times been a pleafant
doftrine to covetous mindesj he gotprefently ftore of difciples, afterward
called Lollards ^ profeffing poverty , going bare-footed , and meanly appa-
relled !, he taught, that in times of neceffity Lay-men might feife on the
Churches and Monks revenues. Thefe opinions he preached boldly , being
fupported by Lancajier and Fkrcy^ wherefore he is cited to anfwer in Pauls be-
fore the Bifhops : at the day appointed he is accompanied by Lancajier and the 10
Lord Mar(haI,who animated him againft the Bifhopsj fome harlh language fell
out between the Bifhop of London HPiercjiJbecauCe he commanded Wicl{liffe to
fit down before his Ordinary^ Lancajier took the Marlhals partjwho threatned
to pull down the pride of the Bilhops ^ and to pull London out of the Church
by the hair of his head 5 this fo exafperated the Londoners , that they vowed
rather to lofe their lives, then fuffer their Bifliop to be thus ufedj the more in-
cenfed they were againft the Duke, becaufe he threatned to take away the
Maior of Londons power. The next morning the Citizens aflemble , and be-
ing animated by the Lord Fitzxpater ( whom at firft they fufpefted to be their
enemy) take Arms, aflail the Marihalslnne, broke open the gates, andfetaao
prifoner at liberty, but found not the Marflial, who with the Duke dined that
day at the Savov , which by the multitude is aflailed 5 the Duke and Piercy
efcape by a boat, and complain to the Princefs , who then was at Hennington
x\tzx Lambeth, with the young Prince : a Prieft for fpeaking againft Pefer U
Mare was wounded to death , the people thinking he had been the Marftial
difguifcd ^ the BiQiop of London was fain to go himfclf and appeafe the
people, who upon his exhortation , andbeingthetime of Lent, forbareto
aflault the Dukes houfe, whofe arms with the Marftials they hung up reverfed
in fign of treafon : they alfo were perfwaded by the Princefs to make their
peace with the Duke, which they aflented to, if he Would have permitted the 50
Bilhop of IVincheJier^ and la Mare to come to their anfwer. They fent alfo to
the fick King, excufing this tumult, and that it was raifed upon information
that the Londoners ftiould lofe their liberties, which the King aifures them was
never in his thoughts, but rather to enlarge them.
The Parliament confidering the Kings wants, grants him a Subfidie, which
was to be committed to certain Earls and Barons to fee it iffued 5 every one
above the age of 14. years was to pay four pence, onlyAlmefmen exceptedj
every beneficed Parfon was to pay 12. pence, and other religious perfons four
pence the head. The Maior and Aldermen are brought to the King at Shene^
and commanded to crave pardon of the Duke for their offences j, they again 40
excufe their innocency, and promife to bring in the malefaftors who
ftiould make fatisfaftion, but for all this they were put out of their places^
and others put in their room : in the interim , the Kings Concubine
and other his attendants, perceiving him dying, fnatcht what they could,
even the rings from his fingers , and pack away , leaving him alone vvith
a poor Prieft, v^'ho willed him to ask mercy for his offences, and to remembej
his Saviour, which he did, and fo died at Shene near R/chmondthe fixty fourth
year of his age, having reigned fifty years and four months. He founded
Fajl'ffiinjieran Abbey near the Tower, a Nnnnery at Det ford, Kings-hall in
Cajttbridge^ an Hofpital at Calice^ St. Stevens Chappel at Wejiminjler , with the ^q
endowment of three hundred pound per^»»;/«/ to that Church, bcfides his
augmenting of ^r/W(5//or Chappel, with provifion for the Church-men and
poor Knights^ He enlarged alfo IVindfor Cadle, and that o( ^eenborough, with
the Fortifications of Crf//cc.-his wife built Queens CoUedge in Oxford^who bare
him feven fons, five of them had iffue 5 Edward Prince of Wales, Lionel Duke
of Clarence, John Duke of Lancajier, Edff/ifndE&il of Cambridge, Duke of Tork,
afterward.
C H AP. I i. Hijiorj of the TForJd. 3 1 5
afterward, and ihotftits of ii''oodJiock 5 (lie had five daughters, four lived to be Jn.Chrijir,
married; ifahel the eldeft to 7«^c;e/r^«/ Earl of Soifjon) and Bedford^ "joan to W'^VNw
Alphonfo 1 1. King of C.////.? 5 Mary to Mont fort Duke of Britany ^ and A/4T-
^4?v^ to Hajimgs Earl of rembrook.
Richard 2. fon to the black Prince fucceeded, being eleven years old. In the
firft year of his reign, King Charles of Prance alfifted by the Spaniard^ ranfackt ' 3 7 7^
and-burned Plymouth^ Dartmouth^ rortj}>zouth^ Rye^ and other Marititie Townsi
but they were driven to their (hips by the Eark of Cambridge^ Buckingham and
Salisbury. AleJ<;ander Ramfey in the eight with forty other Scots, fcaled the
ID walls of Berwick^ Caftle, and took it, intending alfo to furprife the Town, but
were prevented by the Townefmen , who hewed away the ffayes of Draw-
bridge, which fell into the ditch, and fo the Scots were imprifoned, the Englijh
befiege the Caftle with ten thoufand men , at laft it was with much dijfficuhy
yeelded, iLww/ryonely was pardoned for his valour. Shortly after the FrwrA
land again, who fpoilDowr, IVinchelfay^ Hajiings^ andCravefi^nd^ and return
home with great booty : To be revenged of thefe wrongs , a Parliament is
called, a Subfidie granted of four pence by every man and woman above four-
teen years of age, (but the levying of this caufed much trouble) eight thou-
fend men are fent over into France who fpoil all in their way till they come to
40 Britany, where they were kindly received by the Duke lohn Montfort. Upon
the payment of the forefaid Subfidie, a dangerous rebellion began, which was
promoted by J^/jw^r^Z/ a faftious Prieft , who told the meaner fort of people
that they were the fons of Adam , and had as great right to the wealth of the
land as the chief Lords thereof 5 whereupon multitudes of the bafer fort both
in the City and Country flock together, who make ^r^^ T)/er a Taylor their
Captain; Wall the Prieft, "jack, Straw^ Jack.S hep herd ^ and others are made their
direftors; they march towards I. wij/^w, rifling and pulling down the Lawyers
houfes, and force the Gentry either to flye or joy n with them; they beheided
S^ John CavendiJI) ch'ici ]u[tice of the Kings- bench, and John of Cambridge
§0 thePrior;caufing theCovent to furrender up theirCharters granted to them by
Camttus their Founder. They require of the king being then in the Tower, to
come and fpeak with them , who went as far as Gravefend with his chief
Lordsjbut fearing the unrulinefs of that mad rout , ventured no further j but
returned to the Tower : the next day they came to London , and if the gates
had not been opened to them, they threatned to burn Soiithwark^^ fo they are
let in , feafted , and rich gifts prefented to them to pacifie their fury ; they
rifled and burned the Savoy ^ jf<?A« of Gaiints houfe, killed all his officers,
robbed the Innes of Court, burned their Law-books, and facrilegioufly rifled
the Churches ; they robbed all ftrangers about London , and open all the pri-
40 fons. Wat Tyler caufed the head of his old Mafter, a grave Citizen,to be ftruch;
off^, for fome correction he received of him for his offences when he ferved
him , his head was born before Wat upon a Lance : they grew to be fixty
thoufand in number, and affrighted the king, as they lay at S. Katherines near
the Tower.
The next morning the king goeth to Mile-end Green to fpeak with theRebels;
in the interim Watlylar enters the Tower with forty more , robs the kings
mother and broke her head , and beheaded Simon Archbiftiop of Canterbury^
becaufe upon the beginning of this commotion he had imprifoued John Walk
At Mile-end Green they defire the King, that they and their pofberity might be
-Q made Free-men, which the king granted, and gave them his Banners for their
fafe cofldud, and withall pardons them; this promife the king performs by in-
ftruments in writing; but Wat T;'/er,with twenty thoufandgtefolves firft to rati-
fack and burn London^ and fo they come to Smithfield,the king repairs thither
promifing them pardon and liberty 5 Tyler demands the kings fword from the
Efquire that bare it ; the Efquire told him, that the kings fword fliould not be
given to a knave 5 whereupon T)/er fwore to have his head off before he did
eac
3 1(5 The Second Tan of the Book. V*
Jfi.ChriJii. eat and drink : John Hadley Ma'iov o^ Londof? then wirh the King, drew his
L/''y~\^ fvvordandcut Ty/trinthehead, andfellcdhim to the ground; upon this, the
reftrefolve to be revenged for their Captains death : the Londoners to fave
thcmfelves and the King, fent him an Army of eight thoufand men; before
they gave the charge 5 the King defires the Rebels to fubmit , or elfeto re-
deliver his Banners, pardons and manumiffions 5 which being in fcorn redeli-
vered, the king in their view caufed them to be cancelled and torn , which (6
difcouraged the rout, that they ran all away, the chief of which were by their
companions delivered to juftice afterward, who with fifteen hundred more
were put to cruel deaths. io
P After this, the king married yinnefiiker to JfcttceJIauf the Empercur; then
^^ ^* calls a Parliament, in which his two uncles, Edmund oi^Langkji is made Duke
of Torl{, and Thomas of IVoodJiockJDixke of Glocejier ; henry of BHlIingbrook^
{on to John oi Gaunt y is made Earl o£ Derby-, Fdjvjrd rlantagenet fon to Ed-
mund of Langlcjiy is created Earl of Rutland. At this time the king was mided
by his favourites, De la. Po<he Chancellour, whom he made Duke of Suffolk^^
andDeFereEarlof Ox/i7r^, andMarquefs of DwW/w, whom he would have
made Duke of /re/<;j«4i if his Lords had confented thereunto ; he caufed his
coufin Sir Roger Mortimer, Earl of Jllarch^ fon to the daughter of Lionel Duke
of clarence , to be proclaimed heir apparent to the Crown , but he was after- do
ward (lain in Ireland hythe^eheh. The king now flights his Nobility and
their- counfel, and intended to furpiife the Duke of Glocejier^ with the Earls of
Warwick^ and Arundel at a banquet,but was prevented by the Maior o^London--,
and afterward in Parliament, they were fo ftrongly guarded,that he could not
feife on them : Dc la Pool demands four fifteens for the king, which is denied
by the Parliament, who declare, that as the king once a year may call a Parlia-
ment , fo the Members thereof may break up and depart, if the king abfent
himfelf for forty dayes together; they demnnd alfo /^Ftf^^/toprifonfor his
wicked counfels, and require an account of the kings revenues how they
were wafted; the king requires fifty of their choifeft men to be fent him to go
confult with, which is refuted , (hewing that publike affairs muft be handled
publikely in Parliament : the king at this was io incenfed, that he fwore he
would rather fubjefl himfelf to trance then to his own fubjefts; the two
Lords which were fent to him, namely , the Duke of Glocejier ^ and ihomas
Jrnndel Archbill,op of Canterbury^ fo qualified the king, that he returns to his
Parliom.ent , and then was De la Tool condemned^ fined and imprifoned for
coufeniiig tliC King, to whom all his lands are given , and twenty thoufand
marks befides, his Chancellorfhip taken from him, and beftowed upon Can-
terbury ; thirteen Commiflioners are appointed to examine the Kings officers
concerning their behaviour, this the King fwears to allow; all that fhould per- 40
fvvade the King to the contrary, Ihould be executed as Traitors : fo a Subfidie
of one half fifteen is granted.
The Parliament being ended. La Tool^ and De Fere Duke o£ Ireland, with di-
vers others are releafed by the King; and at Notinghaw the Kings uncle Thomas
of IVnodJiock , and Thomas y?r««^e/ Archbifhop, are pronounced by the kings
Judges guilty of High-treafon : the Nobility petition the king that he would
ratifie his former oath , and thrufl his evil Counfellours from him , which he
refufedtodo : hereupon the Lords raifea ftrong Army, which thefe evil
Counfellours perceiving, perfwade the king to furrender Calice to the French,
whereby he fliall reconcile himfelf to ^r^«ce , andfhallniafter his Lords, who i-q
otherwaies will mafter him; but the king would not hearken unto this coun-
fel, yet endeavours to curb his Lords, by commanding the Maior oi London
to raife him a fpeedy Army of fifty thoufand men; but the wifer Londo-
ners would not yeeld that they fhould take Armsagainft the kings faithful
LordFjwhoadvifed him to nothing but what tended to his and his kingdomes
happinefs : hereupon the king relents, and fends to his Lords, acquainting
theiti
CHAP.t2L. Hiftory of the TForJd, 317
.them th:U he would call a Parliament , in which his favourites (hculd be ^a.ChriJIi.
brought to anfwer to their accufers, and to be puniQied, if guilty : upon this Ya^S^
the Lords disband their Army , which the King perceiving , caufed Robert de ^ . '
Feretoraife five thouland men for his own defence j this made the Barotls
jealous, therefore they renew their itrcngth, and fo encompafled the Duke,
that he was forced to fwim his horleover thel haniei ^ and fo efcaped into
France^ where five years after he was fiain by a wilde Boar in hunting , whofe
dead body was by the kings command embalmed and brought over , his Fu-
nerals were folemnized with all magnificence fit for a Prince. The Lords exe-
to cuted fome of his chief fervants, and difperfedfhe reft of his guard, when he
was gone over the Thames-^ then they conduded their Army to London^ where
they were bountifully entertained. Shortly after the Lords are admitted to
confer with the Ring, a Parliament is fumtnoned^ the kings wicked Coun-
fellours and Judges are condemned of High-treafon, 'John Earl oi Sdkbury
and S'lv N/cholas BreMbre\oii their heads, Ircjtlian the chief Juftice was har>ged
at Tiburnj the other Judges were fpared upon the Qiicens importunity , but
banifhed.
The truce between England arid France being near an end , the French Ad-
miral is fent into S cot I and 'With a thoufand of the French Gentry and Nobi-
20 lity,and two thoufand Arnls^thefe were flighted by the Country people who
loved not wars , but were entertained by the Scots Army , which confifted of
thirty thouland, thefe march into E«^/^«i^ wafting all before them , but hear-
ing that the King was marching towards them with fixtythoufand-Archers,
and eight thoufand men at Arms , they went over the mountains into Wales
ufing there all kinde of hoftility, as king Richard ufed the like in Scotland^ ha-
ving facked and burned fome of their chief Towns. When the Scots Army
returned home , the Country people were mad at the French for coiiiming
thither,knowing that France had engaged Scotland in thefe wars to ferve their
own turns,and not for the good of Scotland-^ whereupon they ftrip the French
20 of their horfes , arms and money , and fb fent them home ; the Admiral and
fome other honourable Perfonages they kept as pawns, till fatisfaftion
was made for their lofl'es in this war. The French king fent the money
that was demanded, and fo the Admiral, Barons, and Gentry are difr
miffed.
The French king pretending to conquer England^ rigs out twelve hundted
fhips with a formidable Army 5 king Richard prepares to welcome him with a
hundred thoufand fighting men. The French Army is accurfed by their own
Country-men for their plunderings as they marched , and when they came
to the Low-countries , for want of food they fold their arms , horfes and
40 cloaths , for their numbers were fo great , and the Duke of Berry the kings
uncle,who liked not this expedition, was fo flow in comming, and the French
were grown fo odious for their outrages in thofe Countries, that this great
Army diffolved and came to nothing.
After this the Scots invade England, king Richard prepares to go againft
them^ but by the mediation of forreign Princes, a truce for three years is con-
cluded between England, Scotland aud France , and afterward enlarged to four
years more ; and now king Richard having made peace with his neigbours,
lends John oi Gaunt his uncle with an Army into Spain, to demand the king-
dome of Cajiile in right of his wife Conjiance eldeft daughter to king Veter j in
tQ this expedition the Duke of Lancajier carried himfelf fo bravely , that the
king of Spain married the Dukes eldeft daughter by his faid wife. And gave
him eight waggons laden with gold, and a yearly penfionof ten thoufand
marks, and then the Duke married his youngeft daughter to the king of Pt'r-i
itigal, who had aided him in thefe wars, and then returned home with wealth
and honour. In this interim the king and Pope quarrelled, and then it was in
Parliament enaftcd ^ that the Popes authority ftiould here ceafe, and no more
N n appeals
3 1 8 T^he Second Tan of the Bo ok V .
^«.Cy&r/^7. appeals be made to ii<?we upon the penalty of a rr^w««/re extending to per-
'-*'~V">-' petual imprifonment,and forfeiture of lands and goods. Shortly after Queen
jinne died , and two years after this the king married to ifabel daughter of
Charles 6. of France^ which caufed a peace of thirty years ^ the two kings met
between Calice and Arde^ and then did the king furrender Brcji to the Duke of
Bntaif?, a place which had coft much Englip blood. Thomas of IVnodjiock re-
proves the King for this, and fo procures his anger , which fet the King upon
plotting his death , who alfo intends to deftroy his Barons^ for he was made
believe, that if he did fo, he (hould be made Emperour : upon this, Gbrejier^
Arundel zndPf'arxpjck^nre apprehended, and then he calls a Parliament, in lo
which John EuJ/} Speaker in the lower Houfe,in a flattering fpeech impeacheth
the Lords, and chiefly Thomas Archbilhop of Canterbury of Treafon, who was
counfelledbythe Kingtoabfent himfelt, with an oath and promife that he
ftiould receive no prejudice , yet for want of his prefencetoanfwer forhim-
felf, is condemned and baniihed; Artmdelh beheaded; lVarr>ni\ upon his fub-
miflion and repentance is confined to the Ifle of ^/^A/,wherc he died in great
1396, want and mifery ; the Duke of Glocejier is fent to Cahcc, though unfentenced,
where by the Kings direftion, Movobraj Earl of Nottingham caufed him to be
fmothered between two Feather-beds,for which fervicc he was made a Duke.
Authority is granted by the Parliament to eight perfons finally to determine 20
all caufes as were not ended there, who being named by the King, decreed fuch
things as were hurtful to the kingdome; and becaufe the Kings guard were
Chepire men, to pleafe them, he would be called Prince of Chejlnre : he made
Henry oi'BuIiinbrooh,^ John oiCaunts Ton and heir, Duke of Hartford^ his coufin
Ed.rlantagenet Duke of Aubemarle, and Thomas Mowbray MzxihdXc^ England^
with divers others, on whom he beftowed the lands belonging to his uncle
Thomas of U'oodjiock , and to the two deceafed Earls of Artmdel and of
Warwick}, he granted alfo pardon to all except fifteen whom he would not
nominate, to keep his Nobility in fear , left any of them might be one of the
fifteen. ^ 30
Bu!Iinbrook_ Duke of Hartfordhe'mg grieved at the Kings mif-government,
acquainted MowbrayDnke of NorfolkjhextWMh^ purpofely that he might in-
form the King:, with this he treacheroufly mif-informs the King, as if BuUin-'
brooks aimed to difhonour the King , which was not his intention 5 wherefore
Kfrz/orc/isfentfor, andconfeifethtotheking what hefaid, but denied the
untrue fuggeftions which were added, and to clear himfelf challengeth the
Duke of Norfolk to a duel, which was accepted , the king did not fuffer them
to fight , but exiled the Duke of Hartford for fix years, and baaifhed Norfolk,
for ever 5 Hartford is honourably received in France by king Charles 6. on
whom for his excellent parts , he would have beftowed his uncles daughter 40
the Duke of Scrr)/ in marriage, had notkingK/fA^r^ hindiedit. Not long
after this, Duke hartfords father John of Gaunt died , whofe lands and move-
ables the king feifed on, and beftowed them on his fycophants; for which un-
juft dealing, his uncle the Duke of Tork , and the Duke of A ubemarle his
coufin forfook the Court. Shortly after the king farmeth out his kingdome
to his favourites, raifeth an Army and {aileth into Ireland^ which he fubdued.
In his abfencc, Hijrf/or^, with Thomas Archh'iihopo^ Canterbury ^ returns into
England to make claim to his Dutchy of Lancafier , at his landing, both Lords
and Commonsflock tohim in fuch numbers, that he had quickly a great
Army,which he leads to London^where he is feafted,thence he marcheth Weft- pq j
ward.
K.Richard being returned,and perceiving the Dukes ftrength,and that Scrope
io9 9' Earl of Wiltjhire, with Bufl) and Green his three evil Counfellours had loft their
heads, defpairing to do any good by force, comes to his coufin, and proffers to
furrender his kingdome to him , which the Duke fcemingly refufes, defiring
onely his own patrimony, and reformation of publikcabufes, fo he caufed
the
Chap, i i. Hijiory of the Ji^ofld. 3 1^
the king to be honourably guarded to the Tower, and then aflembleth a An.ch'nfth
Parliament, irf which thefe Articles are propofed concerning the kings ill '
government : i. That hehindred his duel w'nh. ]llowbray hisfalfeaccufcr
and yet baniflied him unjuftly for fix years. 2. That he would not (bfFer any
man to plead for him in his abfence, though he had licenfed it under the great
Seal. 3. That he would fufFer no man to be a Suiter for the faid Dukes re^
turn. 4. That he had fei fed upon his father 7<^^» of C?<?«»^j lands and move-
ables , and given them to his gracelefs Counfellours. 5. That he had coun-
felled the Archbifhop Arnndd to abfent himfelf frc )m Parliament, that he
lo might not anfwer to his accufers, and then unjuftly baniflied him. 61 That he
granted an unjuft prohibition under his privy Seal , when the Chancellor re-
fufed to grant it under the great Seal. 7. That he caufed Jllonhray to fmother
theDukeof G/tfce^er, whom he unjuftly baniflied, and then advanced this
MoTphray to wealth and honours. 8. That the King unjuftly robbed the
Clergy and Monafteriesto further his Irifli expedition; 9. That he carried
with him the plate and jewels of the Crown to Ireland. lOi In laying heavy
Fines upon wrong information. 1 1 . That he devifed crafty oaths to undo his
fubjefts. 12. That he caufed defperate Ruffians to accufe rich men for their
wealth, i^i That he enriched his wicked Counfellours with heavy taxes laid
20 on the people. 1 4* That he cancelled all Records which teftified his oppref-
fions. 15. That he faid, the Laws were in his ownbreaft, and hereupon put
many unjuftly to death. 16. That he ufed to write craftily and ambiguoufly
to forreign Princes. 17. That he permitted his CheJIme guard to rob and
murther without punifliment. 18. That he had diflionourably ftiled himfelf
the Prince of C^e/j/re. 19. That hethreatned the Lords in Parliament, that
offered to fpeak any thing of Reformation. 20. That he exaded great Fines
of thofe whom he had pardoned. 21. That he placed and difplaced Eurgefles
in Parliament as he pleafed. 22. That he had exiled and executed divers
Lords for procuring a commiflion in Parliament to enquire of abufes, which
20 commiflion he had ratified by his oath and inftrument in writing. 23^ That he
procured the Popes bulls to curfe fuch as oppofed his unjuft laws, contrary to
his own la w made feven years before againft the Popes authority. 24. That
he had difplaced good Sheriffs, and elet^ed others that were for his turn.
The authentick copy of thefe Articles is fent to the King , who confeffed
them,and his own infumciency in government,and withall under his hand and
feal refigns his CroWn to his coufin Henry of BuUinghrook,^ Duke of Lancajier:
which being read and approved by the Parliaments Kingit/f/»4ri/isdepofed^
and the faid Duke made King , who was inftalled by Wr««t/e/ Archbifliop, his
companion in baniftiment : then was king Richard lent to Pomfret Caftle, but
^ fhortly after by the new kings command , who thought himfelf unfafe whilft
Richard MveA. ^ he was treacheroufly murthered; Sir Pierce Exton , and eight
other armed men more fct upon him, from one of whom he wrefted a brown-
bill , and therewith flew four of them , then fought with all the reft, till the
cowardly knight ftruck him in the hinder part of his head with a pole-axe of
which blow he prefently died;king Henry caufed to be proclaimed^that he was
lawful king by conqueft 5 by refignation , and by inheritance as next heir to
km^ Richard ; But indeed Edmnnd Mortimer Earl of Afarch^fon to thzt Roger
who was flain in Ireland^ and declared heir to the Crown by king Richard had
more right, as being defcended from Lww/ Duke of Clarence, eldeft brother
50 ^o 1^^" Duke of Lancajier king Henries father , and third fon to Edward the
third ; but he perceiving that there was no contefting againft the fword and
poffeffion , betook himfelf to a private life , wherein is leffe glory, but more
fecurity.
N n "2 Chap.
310 The Second Tan of the Book V
jin.ChriJii.
Chap. XIII.
Ihchijiory «>/ Scotland from the year \-^o6. till the year 1377.
Ohert Bruce having made his peace with the Pope for killing Cumm in
Tr% Obert Bruce having made his peace with the Fopetor killing C«w/« in
1306. yj j.|^g Church , got himfelf to be crowned at Scot7e , but he had hard be-
-^-^ginnings^ for he was twice defeated by the Cumin i ^ affifteft by the
EngUp, (o that he was forced to hide himfelf divers months together in the
mountains and Iflands 3 having onely one friend to accompany him ^ inthciQ
mean while his brothers and friends were fearched after and betraied, moft of
them were put to death , his wife was apprehended by the Eavl of Rojfe , and
fent into England : but when all his enemies thought he had been dead,
he fuddenly appears with aconfiderableftrength^and takes in Caricl^^ his own
Caftle, now poilelled by the Englijh^ whom he puts all to death ^ from thence
hegoethtoE««er«e//e5 andtakes that Caftlealfo : The report of this made
great commotions in Scotland^ fo that multitudes being difcontcnted with the
EngUfi government , flocked to him , and now he hath a confiderable Army,
with which he marcheth Northward, and demolifbeth all the C^^ftles there,
that they might not be any more fhelters for his enemies^and that he might not ao
weaken his Army by putting garrifons there, 'joht Cttrmn Earl of Bttchafi
hearing of i>»fe his fucccfle, raiftth an Army of Scots and EngliJIi, and
marcheth towards Bruce ^ but finding how refolute the Eriiceans were , and
that he coaldnot confide in his own Army, becaufe many favoured Ertice^
he makes a truce with him , in the interim fends for more forces out of
England.
Shortly after king Edward dieth,and king Bruce falls defperately fick,where-
upon Cumm raiierh an A rn y, hoping that either Yjruce was dead, or unable to
fight, and therek) eafit timetofet upon his forces ^ but he knowing how'
needful the prefence of a Commander was in an Army, caufeth himfelf to be 3*^
fet on horftback, though unable to fit but as he was upheld by two of his fer-*
vants5 this fight fo encouraged his fouldiers,that they fought derperately,and
defeated Cumm; Ariny near Ennerury. Shortly after Br«rc recovered his
health, and led his Army into Argde^ which he plundered, and drove Alexan-
der Lord thereof into EngLnd^ where he died in great want. Gal/orray alfo is
fubdued by King Roberts brother Edvcard Ytrucc. The report of ^ruc his
viftories drew King Edward 2. of England with his Army into Scotland^ .vhich
was increafed bv the Scots that adhered to England^ but this great preparation
came to nothing:, for the Englrfi for want of provifion were forced to retreat,
KingRobcrt having removed all the corn and cartel thereabouts to places of 40
1510. fafety. The next year hruce having regained the Forts which the Enf^lrjh held
\x\Scotland^hc:\n\:i(^esEngland -wnhzn Army, and returned without oppo-
fition laden with fpoil •-, after this Verth is taken, and the walls demolifhed by
King Robert-^Rofeburgh^Ed7nhurgh-Ca(i\c^znd other llrong holds,with the Tfle of
Mfwarefurrendred. The Engl/fi thatwere in Sterl-ngOiiWey being beneged
hy Edward hruce ^ capitulated tofurrender within a year, if no fupplycame
from England'm that time, which was aflented to by Edward, for which King
R.obert was angry , yet yeelded to the conditions that he might not difheartch
his brother. In the mean time King Edward of England provides an Army of
one hundred thoufand men , confifting of Engl/p , Scots, French, Flemings^ 50
3.nd Hollanders: The.9c<?^i- Army under Bn/ce was thirty thoufand, thefe pitch
their camp near the Englijl) by hannocb am ^ two milc'^ from Sterling ■-, before
the battel the E>7.g///?) fend eight hundred horfe towards 5'?er//;7^?, which were
encountred and defeated by five hundred Scots horfc under James Donglafje :
the next morning isappointed for the main encounter, the Scots are divi-
ded into three battels , the right wing was led by the Kings brother , the left
by
— — — ^
Chap, i 5 . Bijrory of the IForld. 3 z 1
by Kj«<5/c;/;?/j, and the main battel by the King himfelf^ the particulars of this j^ii.chrijiii
fight we have (hewed in the Englifli iVory, onely here is one pallage not ton-
ched there, to wit, that the Englifh perceiving afar off upon the mountaines
the Scotch Carriages with great itore of cattel, and fervants that attended on
the Army, fuppofed frefh forces had been comming toaffift the Scots i this
conceitjafter the overthrow they had in the ditches, fo difiieartned them that
they betook themfelves to a diforderly flight,in which multitudes were killed
and taken ; fo great was the lofs,that for three years after the Englifh were qui-
et, though provoked divers times by the Scots \v\c\x\{ions\x^on England^ 200
10 of the Englifli Nobility and Gentry were flain, about as many more taken pri-
foners ^ the King efcaped by means of the Earl o^Jlfarch into Dtmbar^znd from
thence to ZJjnvir)^, whom Douglas purfued with four hundred horfc^but could
not overtake him '-, in this battel four thoufand Scots were flain , of the
Englifli fifty thoufand j Sterling-C^{)i\^^ according to promife,is furrendred.
About this time jf<?A«/^(?«/^e//j, who for betraying ^F^//^was made Gover-
nour oi Dunbritton Caflle by the Englifli, intended by furrendring that Caftle
to Y^mgRobert^ to have furprifed him, for he hid had a great many Englifli in
a low wine-cellar, who fliould have fuddenly feifed on the King at dinner and
tranfported him to England in a fliip which they had ready for that purpofe^
2otheplot wasdifcovered totheKingby aLock-fmith^ at the day appointed
the Caftle is furrendred, and by A/o«/e^/j the King is invited to dinner, who
defired firfl: to fee what flore of wine M^as in the Cellar, after fome tergiverfa-
tions ufed by A/onteth, the cellar- door is broken open, and the Englifli Souldi-
ers brought out, who having confefled the plot, were put to death, and Moh"
/e^Aimprifoned, but his life fpared, becaufe he was allied to fome great men,
whom the King at that time would not offend. The next Spring 5^np/f)^ is
taken by the Scots^ having been twenty years in the Englifli poffeffion : then
a Parliament is called atyiyer^m which the Kingdom i« confirmed upon Robert j
and becaufe he had but one daughter, to avoid more controverfiet about the
OQ title to the Kingdome, it was decreed that Edtvard the Kings brother, after his
deceafe, fliould fucceed, and his children j but if he fliould die chiidlefs,
that then Mary the kings daughter and her pofterity fliould inherit, therefore
they think of providing a fit husband for her.
After this, Edivard Bruce is fent over to Ireland with an Army, where he is
made king, and prefently fubdueth Vljier, then marcheth with his Army
through the Weft of Ireland^ an Army is fent thither from England j king
Bruce goeth himfelf into Ireland with anotlier Army to aide his brother who
was already defeated and killed by the Englifli before he could come to help
him. King E^n^./r^^of £«g/(/«(^underfl;anding that king Bna^e and much of the
40 Scotifli ftrength was in Ireland, fends an Army into Scotland, which was de-
feated by Douglas, Governour of the Marches ^ this Land-Army mifcarrying,
the Englifli Fleet land their Sea forces, and infeft the coaft s the Earl o£ Fife
with five hundred horfe went to encounter them, but feieing the Englifli
ftronger then he thought, was retreating^ but being met by the Bifliop o^Dun-
kel with fixty horfe, was encouraged by him to return againft the Eng-
lifli ^ and with that the Martial Biflbop takes his Lance, puts fpurs to his horfe,
and with his company falls furioufly on the Englifli, whom he routed, many
of whom by preffing into the boats, were drowned about five hundred j this
Bifliop Stnclarevev after was called the Kings Bifliop. That Summer the Eng-
50 ^ifli befiege Barvo7ck,aT^d the Scots march as far as Torl{ wafting all before them^
iheArchbifliopofthatplaceraifethan Army of Prie s. Artificers, and Huf-
bandmen, all which were overthrown by the Scots, the Archbifliop with a
few more efcaped; this was called the white battel, becaufe in itfo many
Priefts were fiain. King E<rfirW hearing of this defeat, raifed his fiege from
'Sartvick,, and returned with his Army into England^and then a fhort truce was
made between the two Kings.
King
312, ~^The Second Van of the Book V»
An.Chrijii. King Robert after this calls a Parliament, in which he wills the Nobility and
'^'<^^V=^ Gentry to (hew by what evidences they held their Lands ; at this they were
much troubled,moft of them having loft their evidences in the late warsjthere-
forefuddenlytheyallftoodupin Parliament, and drew their fwords, crying
out that they had their evidences in their hands?, the King at this was very
angry, yet fmothercd it, till he found a time to revenge himfelf, which (hortly
after fell out, for many of the Lords being guiltyjand fearing the Kings wrath,
confpire to betray the kingdome to the Et»gli(h j the Kbg hears of the plots,
divers Letters are found to that purpofe, whereupon the plotters are appre-
hended, a Parliament called, and the Letters produced, fo all of them are con- iq
demned of High-treafon, among whom was David Brechen the Kings (ifters
fon 3 many were grieved at his punifhment, becaufe of his blood, youth, cou-
rage, and ftrength of body, who had done good fervice in the Holy-war, and
becaufe he was no ador in this plot, but onely concealed it.
About this time came the Popes Legats , upon king Edrvards procure-
ment, to mediate a peace between the two kingdomes, which when the Scots
would not yield to, they are excommunicated, who to (hew how little they
regarded this excommunication, follow the Legats as they were returning
into England with an Army, fpoilingall in their way with fire and fword^
King Edtvard in requital of this wrong, marcheth into Scotlandwith an Army, 26
but provifions failing them, they were forced to return, for Kmg Robert had
conveyed all proviuon into Garrifons and the mountaines, the Englilh in
their return fpoil and burn fome Monafterics '-, the Scots follow and deftroy
alias farasTorA, fothat K. E^s'w.rr^ hardly efcapes, his Army being defeated,
fo the Scots return with rich fpoils, and king F^s^w^r^/ Treafure. After this,
the Scots fend away two EmbalTadours, one to the Pope to appeafe his anger,
which was quickly effeflcd , when he underftood that without ground King
Edrpard the i. had begun this war in claiming fuperiority over Scotland^which
was a free kingdome ; the other Embafl'adour was fent to France^ to renew the
old League, which was alfo done, and withall it was agreed , that if any con- 3^
troverfie (hould arife about the Title of the Crown, the Parliament
(hould decide it , and whom they eleftcd the French king would main-
taine.
About this time, one Hatiton an Englifh Gentleman, for commending king
Robert Brucc^ was hurt by one Spencer^ whom the next day he killed, and with
that fled into Scotland, where he was rewarded by king Robert with large Ter-
ritories, and made ^ Peer of the land, from him came the family of the Hamil-
tons. King Edn>ardof England being murthered, and k'mg Robert growing
old, a Parliament is called, in which King Roberts young fon is confirmed his
fucceflbr, to whom Robert Stuart the kings Nephew by his lifter was to fuc- 40
cced, if his own fon (hould die without iflue 5 and to avoid all fviture quarrels
about the Crown, James Douglas is fent to John Baliol in France with fome pre-
fents, to the end he might refign his title to the Crown, which he did willing-*
t 3 2 7. lyj acknowledging the wrong he had done in accepting that Crown 5 and
withall highly commends king Robert Bruce.
King Edivard the third of EnglandCends Embafladors into Scotland to Con-
clude a peace 5 but the .9rtf/i- perceiving fome frattdulent dealing, inftead of
making peace, proclaimed war with England : Thomas Randulph and James
Douglas are fent into England with twenty thoufand horfe without foot, that
they might run through the Countrey without impediment^ KingE^n'W50
provides an Army of fixty thoufand Dutch and Englifh j Carlile and Newcajik
are guarded to keep in the Scots from pafling the river , but in vain, for they
pafledthe river where it was fordable, the two Armies were within three
miles of each other eight dayes together, before either knew of it, by reafon
of ftormes, rain , and overflowing of the Rivers, onely the Englifh were
alarm'd divers times in the night by the Stags running in heards to and fro,
which
Chap.13. Hijiory of the TVorld, 313
which they thought had been the enemy 5 at laft the Engliih found that the An.Cbnjih
Scotch Army was pitched on the fide of a hill, from which they could not per- *-»^^v~>i^
fwade them to come down into even ground , but one night the Scots per-
ceiving the Englifli Army carelefs, Douglas is fent with two hundred choife
horfe, which got through the Army even to the Kings Tent, and had cut two
cords thereof ^ but the Alarm being fuddenly given, the ^co^j- returned fafc
to their own Camp, having killed three hundred of the enemy : the Englilh
expefting hourly when the Scots would give onfet, at laft they underftood
that Douglas with all his forces were marched back into Scotland^ the Englilh
10 refolveto return home likewife ; and not long after Embaffadours are fent 1528.
from £«^/rf«^ to treat with the 5f of/ for a perpetual peace 5 in the interim 4
truce is concluded for three years.
The next year, in a Parliament at Northampton peace is made with the Scot^^
the Articles we have mentioned in the Englilh ftory. King Robert having cele-
brated the marriage of his fon with the king of Englands filler, and being noW
aged and iickly,he commits the Government of the kingdom to ^ho. Randulph
his fillers fon, and "^ames Douglas^ and betakes himfelf to a private life, then he
makes his will, in which he names David\\\s fon his fuccelior, being now eight
years old,and next to him Robert Stuart--, he exhorted his Lords to mutual lovej
20 ^nd wilhed them rather to fend yearly Governours unto the Iflands called
JEbHd£^ then to appoint one Lord over them, becaufe there would be lefs cor-
ruption, and more quietnefs ; likewife that they Ihould not in their wars with
England hazard all upon one battel, but rather tire them with alarms and
skirmifhes^ and laftly he forbids them to make long peace with England, left
for want of Military exercife they grow either carelefs and effeminate, or elf?
fall out into inteftine quarrels 5 he recommends alfo to "James Douglas his Vow
which he had made for an Expedition into the Holy-Land, which by reafon
ofhis age and troubleshe could not perform, therefore wiiheth him to carry
his Heart to Jerufalemj there to be interred, which James undertook the next
«o year with a company of refolute young Gallants, who joyn themfelves with
the king of ^rrrf^<?» being then ready forthe fame Expedition, in this Wap
againft the Sarazens he did good fervice, but at laft rulhing too defperate-
ly upon the enemy ncer an Ambulh, he loft his life ^ king Robert was 15 5^*
dead a year before this Expedition, Anno 1329. the four and twentieth year
ofhis Reign.
Randulph Earl o^ Murrey is made Protestor, as the king had ordained 5 he (b
cleared the kingdomc of theeves, High- way-robbers, and idk wanderers,that
the country-people could fccurcly keep open their doors, and leave their
rural utenfils all night in the open fields , if any goods were loft, the Country
40 Juftices were to make reparation, and the king to fatisfie them out of the
goods of thofe that were found guilty 5 one cunning-fellow had ftole his owri
goodsjwent to the Juftice for reparation, which he had, but after being found
to be ftealer ofhis own goods, he was hanged for his labour, and all his eftate
confifcate 5 it \vas lawful for any publike Officer to kill him that made refift-
ance. Ring Edward oi England^txcxiVm^ he could do no good upon Scotland
fo long as this wife and vigilant Viceroy was alive, fent a Monk who profefled
Phyfick thither, who underftanding that Randulph was troubled with the
Stone,got accefs to fpeak with him,and undertook the cure ; Phyfick is giveri
mixt with poifon, which wrought gently 5 the Monk pretending he wanted
-Q fome drugs, got money to buy them, and to defray his charges, he returns toi
king Edward^ affures him that by fuch a day Randulph would be dead 5 uport
this an Army is levied, and fent into Scotland-., king Edward [ends fpiesto view
the Scots pofture, who finding they had an Army, and that the Viceroy was
there yet alive, return and acquaint king Edward therewith, who caufeth the
lyingMonktobepunilhed, and the Army to retreat, leaving fpme Garrifpns
on the borders to keep off excurfions j Rttndulph not being able, becaufe ofhis
ficknefs
314 ^-^^^ Second ^artofthe Book.V.
Jn.Chnfti. ficknefs to purfue the enemy, difbands his Forces, " and prefcntly after died at
lyW' i'I:f«y/t'//'Hr?3 having been Viceroy two years.
The King now being but ten years old, Duncan Earl o^Afarre is elefted Pro-
te^or : that very day newes is brought, that Edward Ealiol was entred the
Forth with a great Fleet of Ships ^ he had been encouraged by one Laurence
Irvine an Englifli-inan, who lived in Scotland^ but for his mifdemeanors was
forcedtoflieovertofn<«ce 5 he acquaints S^i/ztf/ of the diftraftions in Scot-
land^ of the weaknefs of the King, and the ficknefs of his Protedor Randulph,
ofthe aide which he (hould have from King Ef/wi^j-i^, and of many friends he
fhould find in Scotland ^ upon thefe pcrfwafions, Baliol obtains a Fleet of (hips 10
and fix thoufand men from King Edward: As Baliol was landing his men at
Kmghorn^Jlexander Seaton aNohlemSin of thofe parts,with fome Forces oppo-
feth him. but Seaton was killed with a great part of his Forces ^ Ealiol having
refreflied his Souldiers^ which now were increafed to ten thoufand, marcheth
towards Perth^ and fits down neer the river, the Scots Army was divided into
two bodies on each fide of the river , 5^//<;/ fearing to be inclofed, refolves to
fight with one of thofe bodies a part, and firft on the Viceroy which was far-
thefi: off, and fecmedmoft fecure; one Andrew Mttrreji in the night guided
^<:?//s/ over the river where it was fordable, who falling unexpectedly on the
Viceroy's Army, routed them, though at firft fome refiftance was made, yet 20
the diforder in the Scots Camp was fo great, that inftead of oppofing the Ene-
my, they fell foul among themfelves, three thoufand Scots were Hain, the reft
fled to Perth, but ftiortly after yield the Town to the EngUp, which Dumbar
with the other Army refolved to befiege, but upon better advice they retreat^
Baliol u^on this good fuccefs, and finding multitudes of Scots to flock to him,
refolves to declare himfelf King, to whom divers Lords whom he had taken
prifoners, were forced to fwcar fealty.
J 2 o 2. Baliol finding himfelf fufficiently ftrong,goeth to Scone^vihexe he is crowned.
Young KingArai^ with his wife, to be out of danger, are conveyed over to
the French king ^ \\\sY>Any m^kc Andrew Murrey ^K\ng Robert Bruce h\s fifters 30
fon, V iceroy, who prefently raifeth an Army, and befiegeth Perth, which after
three moneths ^xczc they took :, the Earl oitifc, who held the town for "Baliol^
is fcnt to prifon with his wife and children ■, Ahtrrey ofTilibardin, for guiding
B/?//^/over the river, is executed 5 the walls offer/A are dcmolifiied 5 a thou-
fand horfeare fent into Anandcl ( where B^tZ/^?/ was fccure) by the Viceroy,
thefe fell fuddcnly on his forces in the night, fo that he was forced to flic away
halfcloathed upon a horfe without bridle orfaddle, divers of whofe friends
were killed^ Alexander Bruce, King Davids k'mdnan , who had taken part
with W/o/, was taken, but pardoned : the Brucians knowing that B^//<?/afted
all for and by the King o£ England, fortifie harrvicl^, where they put Alexander 40
Seaton Governour ^ an EmbafTadour is fent into France, to fee the young king,
and to require aide , but the the Brucians are twice defeated by the Baliolans^
Kmg Edward fends Forces to aide B^Z/W, whootherwife could not fubfift a-
gainft the other fafti on, not regarding his affinity with Bruce, nor the peace
that was made, nor the oath which he took, and to make fhew of a juft watjhe
demands Barrvick^, which Bruce had by right of Arms gained from the Englifi^
king Edward befiegeth the Town by Sea and Land, Douglas brings an Army to
raife the ficge, he was advifed to go with his Army into England-^ but he to be
revenged on king Edward for hanging up Seatons two fons, would needs fight
upon unequal ground and tearms, andfo loft the day 5 in that conflift ten ^q
thoufand Scots were flain, the Englifi alfo loft many, befides their Fleet, which
was fired by the Scots.
After this, Buliolhad divers bickerings with the Brucians, fometimes pre-
vailing, fometimes yielding ^ in the interim a new Army from 'England enters
Scotland^ both by Sea and Land , in the Forth, the Engliih Admiral, with moft
of the other (hips, were battered againft the Rocks wiih ftcrmes; the Land-
army
Chap.13- litflory of the TForld, )l^
army marcheth as far as Glafco^ where an Englifti Parliament is called^ thext An.chriftr^
David Cumin¥-2ix\ oi Athol is made Goverxxouxo^ Scot hwd^ and l^m^Edvoard WVSw
carried with him Ealicl into EfjgLwcl, for he durft hot confide in him. Cumin
feifeth upon all the Lands of the Stuarts^ and having the Southern parts at hi's
devotion, he marcheth Northward, where the Counties oiBMchan and Jl/u)^~
rey fubmit to him. All Patents went under th,e ftile of Ec/jr^rir/ and Baliol s, btit
whillt Cumin was fo far North, R(?/>er; Stuiirt who had hid himfelf in Dnmbrit*-
ton began to appear, and having raifed four hundred of the Cambels in J'rguile
went to take in fomeof the next Forts, which they did with gbodfuccefs,
io upon this fome of the neighbour- Counties began to fide with him, Co that his
Army increafed like afnow-ball, beCides John KanMphEarl of Murrey was
returned from France with aflurance of aide from thence ; fo now having ta^.
ken courage, they make two Viceroy's, to witj this Kobert Stuart^ and 'johif
Kandulph 5 he with a confiderable Army marched Notthward, at whofe ap-
proach DavjdCuvtinbemg forfaken by divers ofhisSouldiers fled to Lochaber.
where he was befieged, and forced to yield, and withall to fwear fealty tb kirig
Bruce, and trufting to his promifes left him there as his Lieutenant, then being
returned to Lothien^ he with the other Viceroy calls a Parliam.ent, in which
was great emulation between Cnmin and Douglas lately returned from E»J?-
Poland.
Shortly after YiSn^'E^dvPard with Baliol iiiyades Scotland by Sea and Land , k
Fleet of a hundred and fixty faile enters the Forth ^ King Edipardhy land mar*-
cheth towards Perth ^ in the mean time Kobert, one of the Viceroyes falls ficlf,
fo the whole burthen lay upon Kandnlph, who With a part of his Forces tti-
counters the Oelderlundcrs neer Edenburghj and defeated them, for they cam6
to aflifl: the Englifh, but he ufed them kindly for Philip Valok his fake , but a^
he was conveying of them, he was intercepted by the Englifh Faftiouj and
brought to King Edward then befieging Perth^ which being furrendred, Kih|
Ef^jf^r^ returns to E«^A?«i^, having had fome lofs By ftormes in his Fleet. Dif
go vidcumjn is by him left Viceroy, for he carried Baliolwixh him. Cumin who
Jiad found favour before, (hews none now, but perfecutes thfe Brucians with
all cruelty 5 yet a party took head againft him^ under the Earl of March^Mitr^
rey and Douglas, who never would yield to Baliol i) thefe with confiderable
Forces defeat the Cuminians ; upon this Victory Jndrerv Aiuirrey is made Vice^
roy, forS?«<?r^wasfick, arid Rij«i«/;»A a prifoner. New fupplies are fentof
Englifh, to relieve Cumins wife, who was befieged by the Brucians t, they
march as far as E/§:i« in Murrey, hvan Aberden, take divers Forts, and relieve
C«wi»/Lady5 they en joy ri the fix next Monaftcriestb rebuild the walls of
Terth. No (ooner were the Englifti gone home, but y^WreTr-jWajrej/ with nev^
40 fupplies regaines all the Forts and Caftles beyond Forth, except Perth and th6
Caftle oCCupre, then enters England, and returns with great booties : the Gar-
rifon of C«/?re, for want of provifion, was forced to be gone, who returning
homeward through L(?/;bw« over the fandsj were all drowried upon the Corn-
ming in of the tide. . - ■ ; ■ . ,;
The next year, Dumbar-CsMe is befieged by the Eiarles- of Jrundd i^^y,
and Salisbury fix moneths together , and at laft were faine to leave it ,
having loft many men before it by fallies '-, aftet it was relieved by Jlexander
Rdw/ej' in the dark of the night. ,' '.^
Murrey having beaten out the Englifh from inoft parts o£ Scotland in
<Qtwo yeares and a half, died, whom Stuart fucceeded as Viceroy, wholi)^
the help o£ Douglas got divers Victories over the £»^//^ and their parties
in Scotland. '■'.''
Perth is befieged above four months by the Scots, at laft the Earl of kojfh
takes it 5 the Englifti are difmiffed with bag and baggage 5 Sterling alfo is fur-^
* O o rendrect
^z6 The Second Van of the Book V-
An.Chrifii. rendred by the Englifh, and F.denburgh-C^i^Xc is taken by Douglas. Frafer and
•-^<5^V'>>-' twelve more , being difguifed in fea-mens apparel , as if they had come
lately from an Englifh Ship then in the Forth with wine and other provifion
were let in, who prefently killed the Porter, took away the keyes, opened the
Gates, and let in fome companies who lay in ambuPn j after a great skirmifh,
the Englifh were forced to yield : In the mean while Alexander Kamfeji enters
Horthumberland with an Army, which plunders the Country, and returns with
great booty, he ispurfued by Englifti Forces, which he defeats by drawing
them into an ambufh, where he had hid great ftore of foot, and fo brings hoine
1 3 A 2. ^'^ plunder ; then he takes in Roxburg , after this, he with Randtdph and Don- j q
' g/^ drive the Englifh out of all their Holds in 5(r<?^/^wf/, Icavbg them nothing
but Barn>7cl{. This year returns King David Bruce with his Queen, after nine
years abfence. King Edward having made peace with France for three years,
prepares all the flrength he can to invade Scotland s he had then in his Army
6ooo horle, and 40000 foot, befides a great Fleet, which was fo fhattered with
ftormes, that it did him little fervice.
Upon King Davids return, Scotland is divided into fadions, caufed by the
murther oi Alexander Ramfey^ whom Donglen treacheroulJy killed, becaufe he
had got from him the government of 1 evict : This much troubleii King Dtt-
vid, who made fearch for Douglas^ and found him,but by the mediation of il<»^ 20
hcrt Stuart^ and 'Others, he was pardoned and made Govcrnour of Roxburg
aii»d Tcviot, for fuch then was the power oi Douglas^ that the King durfl: do no
otherwife. Differences being thus com pofed,Dtf?;/(^c ntrarytothc advice of
liis Lords raifeth an Army agajnft England^ into which he made three feveral
excurfions, and returned with great fpoiles 5 At laft a peace for two years is
concluded with England^ conditionally that King rhiUp of France would rati-
j&c it, without whom King DavidcoMm make no peace, nor King rh/lip with
Eftgland, without the Scots 5 but the French being defeated by the Englilh,ft:ir
up King DrfW(^ againfl: EngLmd^ who invades and fpoiles all as far as Ditrhafft,
in an unfeafonable time, his owb Countrey being diflradcd by civil broils be- 3©
tween the Earl of/lfl^/e and the Lord of the Iflands ; the Englifh Army come
unexpcftedly upon Kimg Dawd^ a battel is fought, in which many of the Scots
Lords were taken or killed 5 King D^iwi^/ was taken prifoner by Copland^ two
of whofe teeth he flrook out with his fill after he had lofi: his weapons •■, upon
this Viftory divers of the South Countries of ^c^j/Z^W yielded to the Englifh,
the reft being employed in civil broiles againft each others but the Englifh
Ihortly after loft thefe Countries again. Kingjohn o£ France fends money into
.Sr«r/<i«^ to raife Souldiers, defiringalfo that the Scots vrould make no peace
with England^thty receive the money, a few Souldiers are raifed which make
excurfions upon England^^theyuke. alfo harwickj^nd burn it^ the Englifh enter 40
LoHthien with fire and fword;, Fallot again fwears fealty to \i\\\^Edirurd.
The Englifh being again dnv&novxof Scotlmd^ king D^f^/^isranfomed,
who upon his return dif-inherits Robert Stuart^ his elder fifters ft^n, and makes
Alexander x.\iQEax\ ofSHthcr/andc ron,and his Nephew by the younger fifter,hiis
heir p but he dying fhortly after, king D^w^is reconciled to Stftart >, after this
Scotland is much affiided with great inundations of water, and the Plagu^^
king David wanting iflUe, in a Parliament propofed, that for the good of both
kingdomes, the king of England or his fon fhould fucceed to the Crown df
Scotland:, this motion was fodiflikcd, that it was prefently hufhed : In the
mean while the High-lan,ders continue in arms amongft themfelves, whom 5p
when the king could not reconcile5heincreafeth their quarrels^to the end they
might dcftroy each other, and fo the kingdom iTiould be quiet f At laft thie
1377. king dieth in Edenburgh-CaiXie^ the nine and forty year of his Jife, and the
fevenand forty of his reign.
Chap,
C H A p. 1 4 • Hifiory of the U^orld. 3 zq
An.ChriJiir
Chap. XIV. wi<V>^
J frofecutjon of the Scotifh Hijiory^from the year I 3 7 7. tiU the
year 1460.
KlngiloZ'er^^fwrtr^fucceeclethtohis nnc\tT>aV7d Bruce : his Cotonatiofl
was oppofed by William Earl Donglajji^who claimed the Crown in right
of Buli&l, and the Cw«?r»x 5 of whom hewasdefcended 5 but his claim
10 was fo diRaftcd by the Lords . that he was glad to give off and fubmit to King
Robert^ and to confirm his allegiance ; the King marrieth his daughter to Earl
Williams fon. This year^the fourteen years peace between the two kingdomes
is broken by the Englilh , who at a Fair killed a friend of George Dwftbar i, he
being denied fatisfaftion^ the next day with fome forces hfe plunders the Fair^
burns the Town and kills many in it : the Englifh to be revenged , fall with
fire and fword upon the lands of SirJc/>« Gordon^ who in requital invades
England^ fights with Jc^AwIr^wrw, whom he takes prifoner with many other,
and carrieth them with great booties to Scotland. Henry Tierce Earl of Ntfr-
thumherlandrzikth. feven thoufand men, and with them marcheth tb Dunce in
20 Scotland^ where Johannet Scotus fubtilis was born , this Village is fix miles
from England'.the Country people thereabout in the night-time upon the hills
made fuch a noife with their rattles , which they ufe in driving away the Deer
from their Corn^that the Fngliji] horfe being affrighted^broke their nalters,and
,ran away-^theEnghfi alfo fearing more danger then there wasjtook their flight,
and left their baggage behinde them 5 the fame day Gordon by ambufti took
Thomas Mnfgravc governour of Berwick,, with fome of his Troops Which
were going to joyn with Piercy.
Shortly after this Ambaffadours arrive from France^ to renew the old
League with King Robert^and to perfwade him to invade England:ln the meant
50 while Alexander Ramfey takes Be)*n>ick, Caftle , and afterward furrendred it.
James Earl Donglajfe kivades England with twenty thoufand horfe and foot,
and returns with great booties : the Englifh in requital enter Scotland with
fifteen thoufand under Talbot , who as they were returning through a narrow
valley with their fpoilj in the night time wctc fetupon by five hundred
Scots ^ the Enghjl) thinking the number of Scots had been far greater, fled
diforderly , many in the flight werellain , many more drowned in the River,
two hundred and forty taken. Jo hn Duke of Ldncajicr is fent into Scotlafjd to.
mediate a peace j which was cohcluded for three years, Lancajierhemng of
the civil broils in fw^/rfw^/, upon the publike Faith dayed in Scotland till the
40 EHgliJh ftorm was over. ■■ a •
The three years Truce being ended, DoHglajJe Lord of Galloway , with the J 3 ° 4»
Earl of March , befiege (ome Engtifj Forts arid takes therh : LancajUr is lent
againfl: Scotland with great forces both by fea and land, whoforthe kinde
ufagehehad received a few years before -^Lt Edinburgh ^ would nOtfufFer the
fouldlers to ufe any violence:, the Sea- forces in the \i\t Armonahxxxncd down
aMonaftery 5 the like cruelty theyufedin fome other places, till the Scots
forces fell upon them, and having killed feme, and taken others , drove the
reft on fliip-board, forty of which were drbvvned as they held by a cable
which was cut. Scarce was Lincajier returned home, when DouglaJJe falls vtp-
_Q on the Englifh forts, and regains them : A peace in the mean while is made be-
tween France and England^ in which Scotland was alfo included; but before the
Scots knew of it , the Englifh with ten thoufand horfe , and fix thoufand
Archers invade Scotland^ and fpoil the lands of the Dongjajjes and Lindfey's^
which being done, they fhew the Scots, that a peace was concluded, and with-
all the French Ambaffadours come to affure them thereof; the Scots ehraged
at this perfidioufnefs and mokcryjTcfolve to be revenged^ king Robert labours -
Oo 2 to .
.^|S ' The Second V. art of tipe Book. V*
Jr^.Chnfii. tcTpacifie them •, in the interim DoHgLiJJe ^ Lindfcj and Dumbari\o\QO^Nzy pri-
L<:*'V*V-i. vatcly from the Court, and unknown to the king, raife an Army of fifteen
thoufand, with which they enter England^ wafting all with fire and fword to
J^ewaijile:) then having returned with great booties^ apd many prifoners, they
caufe a peace to be proclaimed. . ,,
About the end of the peace, the French Admiral with two thoufand foul-
diers, and pay for fix months, comes into Sxotland 5 he brought alfo four hun-
dred compleat Arms for fo many Gentlemen 5 thefe with the Scots aid invade-
f^orthimtberlind^ overthrow three Caftles, but by reafon of the great
rains.and floods, were fain to return witli their booty :■ King Rickird of E»g~ 10
/,?«■;/, in revenge of this wrong, enicrs Scotland wichCmty thoufand foot, and
eight'thpufandhorfe, befides with a great Fleet by fea, thefe. with fire and
fword wafte the Country of Lothian. The Scots unwilling to encounter fo
great an Army 3 refolve to draw King Richard, ont oi Scotland by invading
England^ therefore they enter Cumberland^ fpoiling ail the Country there-
about : )^\n^Richard would have purfued the Scots Army, but could not;
by reafon of the rocky and mountainous waies between themjand the difficulty
to fihdethe Scots Army, therefore he returns home the; fame way he camej
and the Scots alfo retire out of England ^ who with the French refolve to take
the Town and Caftle of Roshnrgh , but becaufe the French would have 20
had the Town to themfelves if it had been taken , which the Scots would not
yeiEW too, they gave off their intended ficge ,: the French fouldiers being fent
home 3 and the Admiral retained as a prifoner till fatisfadion were made for
the wrongs they had done to the Country people of Scotland. Williant
Donglijjc fon to Archibald Lord of Galloway^ (ails over to Ireland with an Army
to requite the wrongs he had fuffered by^the If ifh , who had made excurfions
\\\to Galloway. " . '
DoHglajje having landed his ^orces,n,ear Kp'linford, fo affrighted the Tov^n,
that they fent to .^iticle with him,- : DongLi/Je accepts of a 1 reaty 5 in the in-
terim the Town fcnds^to Dnndall{<{oY:\id , five hundred horfe are procured, 50
with"thefe and their 'OWn,forces they march out againft Dongla-jje^ hoping to
fubdue his Army, and tp feil'e on his ftiips^-but they were fubdued themfelves,
their Town ficked and burned, fifteei?,(hips then in the harbour are taken and
laden Vv'ith booty, fo DougUjJe returns vidtorioys to Calloivay^ having plunde-
red thelfle of A tan by the way. At his return, when he underftood that his
father was marched upon an expedition \r\to Fngland^he follows him:the Scots
being willing to be revenged on thp. Engliih for the fpoil done on Lothian the
former year by KiugK/c/jW, defire King Ktfic/t that an Army might be fent:
he being now aged and willing to pe quiet , would not yeeld toanyinvafion
of England^ therefore the Lords repair to the Earl of F//e he Kings fecond fon, 40
(for the eldell 'joh>j was lamed by a horfe, and unfit for aftion^ thefe refolve to
raife ah Army without the knqvvledge of either King:, but they could not
carry the matter fo ciofe from Kiiig Richard, who by Spies was advertifed of
the Scot5 proceedings 5 and therefore wills the Northern Countries to be in
rcadincfs : the Scots Army confifted of thirty thoufand^ the Englijl) fent a Spie
d ifguifed in a Scots habit, to difcover the Armies intention ^ he having found
out all 3 andrctuining to his horfe which he had tied to a tree, miffed him
b'eing ftoln/o that he was £iin to foot it,which caufed fufpition, therefore he is
purfued and brought back and forced to reveal the whole Englip plot , which
made the .S'ct'/^/ alter their refolutions. ^O
Two Armies being raifed, the bigger marcheth by the way of Carlijle
under the Earls of f //e , 7'^^'''''^ 5 J^^ar-^nd Sutherland, and 'DottglaJJehoxA of
CuUc.ivd}i, the other tnters 'Northun/berland under the Earls o£ Murrey and
71/.rir/'3 'this leOer Army waftes the Bifhoprick oi Durham-^ Henry dind. Ralph
riercies^the o\dEav\ oil Norikii^p/berlands two Tons, are fent with fome forces
tofecureNai?i.ry'//c; thither the Scots mvixch, fome light skirmiffics for two
• ■ dayes
Chap, i 4. Hiftory':t>f the Worlds i yip '
dales together the}' had vVith the Fng/Jh : At Lift James DouglaJf^'z)^'d ^»XhriJii'
Henry Vienj fought a duel in fight of both the Armies 5 P/erc; is Be^lt "**''"'V'>»^
off from his horfe, and his fpcar taken by -DdnglaJJe , ivhich 'he Ccil'fied
away with him : the ^f/?l/ were ranching away with their booties /vv^it^
'an intent to joyn with the bigger Arlivy , biit bceaufe /Vefrj' bragged, thh't
Douglttjje fhould not carry his Lance to Scoilancl^ therefore he Vefolv'es xo
ftaytwoor three dayes tofefwhat r/t'r<y' WOiilddo, who was very e.a'ger
topurfue the Scots io recover his L.lnce , but \yas ddvifed hot to dbfotor
fear of Ambufhes , for t'Hcy could not think that fd fmall ari .Ariiiy \v6tild
10 have ventured upon ]\krrcajile ^ bux that! they had greater for'fe, at t'ahd',
yet finding there was noambuflij- pKrcy with 'ten thourandhdrfe and 'foot
purfiiesthe Scots, which were fcar(2:ebalf fo'inahy^ a crner fight etifaetl^,
which continued till it was dark, the dayes beiftg then at lOngfeft ; fo "having
refted a while, and the mornin;g:appearih^/ the confli(3: i^:^'^reriewt?<^,iih
4yhich DonghtJJe is flain j but his death (^biibealed', at laft bi6th,ther?t!r'^///
Jjeing wounded and tak«n prifoners, xhc'Engltj)) are dithe3rthed' arid' ifT?^,
of whom one thoufaffd and eight hundred-'are flainei, 'a'nd'arhqu'ftrfid
wounded j and onei thoufand and forty tafceivpfiforiers^ of the' .Jr^/V
one hundred are flainei,;and two hundred takth'. ^And hoW the;BifhH]^''of
20 Dw/mw with his forces/ were come, they (hoiild have joyned \'i'mi'-¥M-9^
but he would not ftayfor them, fo earn eft he w^sf m regajne hts t/jiHdet
The Bilhop underftanding that F/trWe/ Army -was def^ate'd--' wa^' iri^'.k .3- » t
doubt what to do : At laft beingi ervcoivrage^i by the'-^bidntryy' w'Riifi ' "^^
made up his Army ten thoufand , hee purfues the Scots ^ hoping to
finde them carelefle upon their former fuccelic, or elfe wearied with
fighting.
The Earl y?/?<rrc;'3 who now had the charge of the Army, D^w^/^z/e being
dead, underftandingthat the Biftiops Army was comming upon his forces,
calls a Councel of war concerning the prifoners 5 fome would have had them
go put to death 3 being dangerous to keep fo many, but this was held cruelty^
therefore an oath is taken of them that they fhould not ftir during the timeof
the fight i then they put themfelves in battel-array , each one is commanded
to found a horn,v^hich by the eccho of the neighbouring hills made a hideous
noife , fo that the EngUp) fuppofed the Scots to be more numerous then they
*vere ^ this noife, and the fight of fo many dead^bodies before them killed iri
the former conflict , the unskilfulnefs of the Commanders, and rawnefs of
the fouldiers, fo dilheartned the EnglrJIi , that they retreated ; Upon this the
Scots return homeward, tialph riercy not being able to travel by reafon of his
wounds, got leave with fix hundred of the other prifoners to return home
40 upon their parol , the poorer prifoners were let go without ranfome :, tknry
Tiercy with four -hundred more are carried into Scotlmd^ and Ihortly after
ranfoined. The other Army which was in Ciif/tberUnd^ was not fo glad
for this victory, as fad for the death of Doi/glujj'c , a man highly honoured
and beloved for his valour, and fo much the more becaufe he was killed in the
prime of years. And fo much of this battel fought at Otterbttrn., not far from
Nerecajtle.
Upon the return of the Scots , King Robert by reafon of his age finding
himfelf flighted by his Lords , and unfit for adion , calls a Parliament , in
which Robert his younger fonne is declared Lieutenant and Governour of
PQ Scotland. Not long after this King lioier/ died, the feventie fourth year of his I 5 9 0<
life, and nineteenth of his reign:, upon whofe death Alexander Earl of Buchan^
to revenge himfelf of the Eiftiop of j7/«rr<?r,who had angred him, fets the Ca~
thedru!C\n\u:h. of Igrfi on fire. To King Robert fucceeded hisfon john^whoby
an Aft of Parliament had his name'changed to Robert^ either becaufe the two
Johns of England and Fnt«fc were unfortunate Princes, or elfe becaufe the
two firft Roberts of Scoilund were brave men ^ there were two Families
of
5 5 o ^he Second ^art of the Bo ok V.
jin.chnjir. of the Highlanders^ whofe feud was fo great, that they could never be re-
wO^^v^ conciled, till it was agreed that thirty of either family (hould fight hand to
hand in the Rings prefence, which was done accordingly in open field by
1596. Perth, whither multitudes came to fee that horrid butchering fpedacle 3 they
were all killed except one of the one party , and eleven of the other , who
were all grievoufly wounded -, and fo the fi,crceft of thefe families being (lain,
the reft remained quiet for many years after. Two years after this , the title of
Duke came into Scotland , the firft that was fo called was David king Roberts
fpn, being eighteen years old, whom the king in Parliament ftiled Duke of
Kothefai, and his brother Kobert Duke of Albaine: This title of Duke was 10
proffered to Eirl Douglajfe , but herefufedit. Not long after, George Dumbar
Earl of March had betrothed his daughter to David king Koberts fon, and had
already paid a great part of the portion^ At this u4rcbihaldE3ir\ Doitglajje being
offended, copnplained to the Parliament that the kmg had beftowed his fon
without theifppnfent, and withall proffers his daughter with a greater por-
tion, which is accepted ; Upon this Dnwbar yvkhhis family removes in great
4ifcontent into^«^/^«W!,3ciynes himfelf with Piercy, raifes forces , and invades
jp(j«|/<«//^hisland$ : hereupon Dnmbar is proclaimed Traitor, and hiseftate
cpijpfcatet, a Herauld is fent to king Heary of EttgLmd to demand Duutbar, and
to complain that the peace was broken-:kingHe»rj' having given no fatisfaftion 20
to the Herauld, befioes, becaufe P/erc^ and r«wW with two thoufand horfe
an4 foot had GntxtA Scotland , (but were driven out again with the loffe of
1400. ^heir booty by DoKglaffe) open wars are proclaimed againft England.
THE
Chap. I. Hifiory of the Jf^orld. 3^7
^ti.ChriJii
THE SIXTH BOOK
OF THE
SECOND PART:
Intreating of the Hiftories of the World, from
the Year , i4oo»
Chap. I.
I. The Affairs o/Italyj Germany, Hungary ^«£/ Bohemia under Wenceflausv
Rupert, Sigifmund, Ewperowrj-. 2. The Counveh of Con^zxvCG and '2>z.^\\,tpith
foftti other ^ajfagh from the year^ 1400. till they ear ^ 1439'
( N the time qiWenceJlaui fell put the year of Jubilee, which 1400,*
ftiouldhavebcenayearof reft and gladnefs, but proved
the beginning of that mifer^ble rent in Chriftendome,
which is not y€t made up ^ "John f(«//e,or Goofe (for fbthe
word fignifiesjf having read IVickiiffs books fcnt him from
England^ began to preach openly in the Univerfity of
Pr^^weagainlt Jubilees and Indulgences, againft Purga-
tory,lmage-worfhip,Tranfubftan tiation,and other points
held by the Church 5 this new Doftrine of hjs made fuch a diftraftion in the
Univerfity, that moft of the Schollers went away thence to Erford and Lipjia^
where out of the mines of rrague fprungup thefe two Univerfities. About
a hundred years after out of this Coofe's egg was^ hatched that Colling, which
did more hurt to new iRff^/e, then the Goofe of the Capitol did good to old
H«//e being driven bytheBi(hopfromI'r<*j:«e, retires to the Village where
he was born, and preacheth there openly the famedoftrine; complaint is
made againft him to WcnceJJaw^hm he neither could nor did any thing againft
him, for he was (hortly after depofed by the Eleftors ofMentz,, Colett^ Trevers^
and the Palfgrave, 'joddct/s Barbntus Marquefs oi Brandeburg^ is named Empe-
tour by Co/e«and Meatz,^ which ejeftion was approved by Wencejlaus his Cou-
fin-german •, but he was never crownedjfor within fix moneths of his eledion
he died 5 then was FrederickoiBrM^rpickj\2iX<c\Gd by the Eledors, but as he Was
Coming to be crOwned,the Bilhop of A/f«/c. fct upon him in the way and mur-
50 thered-him; at length ifw/'er^ of £«rtwrM Eleftor Palatine is inade Cicfar^ and
crowned at Colen by the Bifhop, for .Jix which favoured /re«f^j»y^would not
open their Gates, but them and other Towns which held with WenceJJaus,
fiiortly after Rupert brought under j this hitfat was defcepded from Ludovic
the Fourth.
- The Pope upon the Elmxntims requeft, who were molefted by John Gateas
t)f Millan^ gave way to iSwjper/. to require from the Priefts of Germiny their
Tenths
332, T^he Second Van of the Bo ok VI.
An.Chrijii. Tenths for railing of an Army againft Galeacitfs , whofe wealth and power was
^-•^^v'>^ become formidable both to the Pope and the other Italian Princes , but
Rupert was refifted by the Bifhop of M'tUan, who alfo made Leopoldof Aujiria
and the Bilhop of Colen his enemies : Trevcrs likewife made reliftance, yet he
raifed an Army 3 being promifed by the Florentin.es two hundred thoufand
Florens^ as foonashis forces had touched the Territories o^ Galeacius ^ he
marcheth thence into the Country of Brixia , but was beaten back into Trent
by the Dukes Army 3 thence became to ?adna upon the defire of the Vene-
tians^ where he was met by the Florentine Ambafladours with fome forces and
money to renew the war, but not finding the forces and money anfwerable to lo
his expeftation , and that neither the Pope nor Venetians would openly affift
him, he returns into Gerw^w;/ : Whereiipon Galeaciui fends his forces againft
Tionoma^ affiftcd by the Florentines^ he obtains the viftory and the City with-
all J which had been the occafion of fifty years war ^ Bentivolus the tyrant of
that City was imn. He befiegeth Francis Gonz,aga. at Manttta^ and forceth him
to yeeld the Town , being almoft drowned by letting in the Rivers / o and
Athejis-^ he took from -^fdZ/^erj Verona. andVincentha, and fliortly after Padua
from Cararius whom at firft he affifted againft Sraliger. After he had taken in
Bononia^ he crofted the y4p/;;/«a with his victorious Army, andftrucka great
terrour at Florence^ but a violent feaver ftopt the career of his viftories, 20
whereof he died in this expedition, having left behinde him 'jo A<i««ej- Maria^
and Philips who were the laft Dukes of Mil/an of that race of Vicounts^ and one
daughter Vakntina majried to Lcwk Prince of Orleans , fon to Churles 5. of
France.
After the death of Ga/fir/«f, the Guelphs and Gibe^/ins at MillanicW again
to deftroy each other with fire and fword;^ the Cities lately taken hy Galea-
cius^ fell off" fiom his fons, and the jurifdiftion of Millan^ to their feveral go-
vernours; Brixia to ram'ulphus^rapia to FaciniUs Canis^Cretnona to Benz>ones^c.
Among the reft lonnnui tell off to the Pope, fo did Ajfijimtmznd Penijta Cities
o£ Vf»bria. ThcFloretHincs with their money purchafed Pif£ from Gabriel ^o
the Ea!Tard-fon of" John Gulcacius. .?ew^ having killed Corregius their Go-
vernour, rcafliimed their liberty, -which was accompanied with many bloody
feditions. The / t'wc^/V?wj upon thcfe changes, promoted their Territories as
far as For^tm , )iily and /;.■'•/> \ f6tliey grew great by the ruines of the Scaligers
and Carrarji 5 for 'Novell us Carrarius the fon of Franck)\dL\'\x\^ recovered PaduA
bythe/'cwe//<j?;airifianc(-_ forgetting his benefaftors, ftirsup PVjUram Scaliger
to recover rer<?«<; , v,h\chwht:n fVtlliavf had obtained, Carrarius poyfoneth
him, and then murdereth his two fons, that without oppofition he might
enjoy the Empire of t'effnu ^ and not content with this , he afiaied to take in
Vnicentia^ which hatm j), his tyranny, caft her felf upon the / enetians patrocine^ 4^
they being glad of this occafion , make open war againft C^HT/ir/^a- , whofe
forces they fubdue , and drive him within the walls of P<«(^;m , where being
ftraitly befieged , he with his two fons were forced to yeeld to the Venetians^
who caufed them all there to be ftrangled , his other two fons efcaped, but
died ft.ortly after in Hetruria ; Upon this the Venetians obtain Verona, Vincetitia,
Colonia^Fcltrnpy/^Bcllunum and Padua. And thus was the greatnefs of Millan
which had fwallowed up almoft all Italji on this fide ofLatium, torn in peeces,
Johannes Maria became a moft bloody Tyrant , taking delight to fling to
hungry Maftiffs condemned perfons, or fuch as he hated^ thefe dogs he ufed
to feed with mens flefh, and then to keep them hungry that they might prove 50
the more fierce and crueU but hewas atlaft by fome Alfaflinatesmurthered "
in the Church, who cleft his skull clofe to his eyes, and cut off his right leg, a
grateful fpcdVaclc to the people 3 who extreamly hated him: his brother and
fucceftour rhil/p revenged his death, and recovered Brixia , Placentia^ Comtis-^
Cremona^ and fome other places, but loft quite Hc^mr///, Vmbrio, Mmyha and
Vicenunt'-y he beheaded Fz/W/z/z/z^r the go vernour of Cre/«7^»^, who being upon
the
C H A p. I . Bifiory of th'e U'wld, 335
theScarTbldjWasckbortedtoreflentj anfwered, That he Was rofarfroin he- ^^-.cAr/y//;
penting , that he was forry he had not broke the necks both of Stgijh/uncl *-*''V'>»
theErapeiourj andPope /tfA«23. vvhenheentertaihedtheiiiwitha banquet
upon the battlements of his high Tower.
^/?emhe Etnperour feeing but little good to be done iii //i?/)-, rtturns, a^
we faid, to Germany^ permitting the Italians to decide their oWn quarrelSjWhd
were then diftraded into Italian and French factions by means of the Anti-
popes. LjcliJldUflixtigof Naples , feeming to favour the faction 6£ Gregory 12;
came fuddenly upon ii«?Wf, being then in great diftraftions, and took it, with
10 fome other Towns belonging to the Churchy he threatned alfo the Florentines^
h\xt Lewis of yinjoH being invited by the Popes letters , comes and joytis his
Forces with thofe of Florence and Seva^ upon hope t6 obtain the Kingdome of
Naples-^ fo he recovers the City for Alexander 5. and drives out Ladijlaus^ whd
not long after, with greater forces returns and takes Konte , having ilapprcflcd
the Pcntificans and French Auxiliaries^ he killed many of the Citizens, oVbi:^
threw the walls , took the Caftle ofS.Angelo^ with divers Towns belonging
to the Church 5 and kept them till his dying day, notwithftanding that he
was anathematized by Pope ^/ex-rf«(:/er?, deleft by will the Kingdometo his
lifter 7^4« 5 who as is faid, repudiated her htisband James Burbon Eatle df
20 M^ri-^/rf, and adopted ^/pA^^w/ir^ King of ArragoH^ thinking thereby to inake
her party ftrorigagainft the Pope, and thofe o^ Anjou-^ Alphohftfs hai^ihg
flighted her , was rejefted by her , who fent for Lewis of Ahjoii's eldeft foil,
after whofe death (he furrogated his brother Renatus , whenbfe arofe bloody i 4 ^ ^i
wars between the houfes of ^rrd:^c« and v^»/V« , the Popes fiding fometimes
with the one, fometimes with the other. In the interim Rupert having
reigned ten years died , and was buried at Heidelberg'^ he was married twice,
and left divers children behinde him; In his tiine fhined a terrible Comet
which prefaged the wars of Bohemia raifed by Hu/fe , the troubks of Italy by
means of the Antipopes, and the defeat of the Chrilliaii Armies by the
30 Turks. He built a Church and Colledge at H«V/e//'er^.
To Rupert fucceeded Sigijfmnd the {on of Charles ^. ■Cvhdm Ludovic Kiiig
of Hungary had adopted for his fon, intending to make him heir to the
Crown, and husband to his daughter, but Ludovic being dead, arid Sigtfmmid
as yet a childe , the Queen-mother governed the Kingdomc 5 the Nobility
diuiking her government, (cn6.f 01 Charles King of Naples , foh to Andrew
King Ludovickj brother, who being received with general applaufe, was
by the Queen-widow poyfoned ^ and the Italians driven out of Hungary ^ but
his death was revenged by John governour of Croatia , who put to death the
mmthererS, and having dragged the young Queen with her mother by the
40 hair upon the ground, caufcd the old Queen to be drowned, and her daughter
he imprifoned^ whom (hortly after, fearing an infurredtion, hefetat liberty f
Sigjfmund upon this comes out of Bohemia with a great Army, invades Hungary
without oppofition,and being now 20. years of age,is croWried arid fnattied to
the young Queen. After this he repairs to Croatia , befiegeth the gOvernour
whom he took and beheaded, with 32. thOre that fided with him in his rebel-
lion againft the young Queen : the Hungarians repining at this feverity im-
prifonedhim, committing the charge of him to one of the widows of thofe
whom he had beheaded ;, but upon great promifes made td her, (he difmifled
him, who having again obtained the Kingdome , which hfe fecurtd with gar-
-Q rifons in all places, he put to death Steven Veivodas the chief author df his ini-^
prifonment, by which he quieted the reft.
Concerning Sigifmutid? bad fucceffe againft Bajdz.et the Turk, we
have already fpoken, whofe fortune vvas no better in a fecond Battel
againft Celebin Bajazets fonnej who had got over the Hellefpont, and
had fdn upon Bulgaria and Macedonia. Sigiftnund encduntrcd with
the Turks near Samatidria^ not farre from' the Banks of Ditmibitt^i
P p but
354 The Second ¥an of the ' Book. VI*
Jn.chnlii. but loft the battel by coniming too late. Notwithftanding this bad fuc-
L/^V\-J ccflb, he is called to the Empire by the Eledors^ his chief care was to
fettle peace in Chriftendome now aiftrafted by three Antipopes ^ to wk,
JiC»cd!& 13. Gregory 12. and John 23. whofe refidencc was at Benonin^
Crcgories at Areminnm, and BcnediQs at Avenion. Sigijmund finding that
a Synod was fitter then Armes to compofe thefe diftra^^ions, procured by
the confent of the Chriftian Princes, a Synod to be called at Conjiance^
where were prefent all the Princes or their LegatSj even from By%a.ntium
and Trapeznad. Here Adolphus 2. Earle of Ckve , and Amadettt Earle of
Siivoy^ were created Dukes of the Empire^ the Marquifiat of i5>'rfw<^^^K^^?, 16
with the Eleftoral dignity is fold to friderick^Burgrave of Noriherg, who had
done good fervice for Sigifmmd againft the Hungarians and Bohemians.
Albert the Septeffwiro^ Saxony died about this timCj wbofe Dominion and
Eleftorfhip Si<^iff»imd trahsferred upon Frederic, furnamed the Stotitt^
Marquefle of Myjhiu for his charges and good fervice in the Bohemian
warres : he crefted out of the ruines trf the Univerlity o^Pra^e, that of
Lipjia.
The Synod being diflblved, ^/^7/5«««<^ intended to make warre againft:
rheTurk, and torepaire his honour loft in the two former battels , but he
was taken off from this defigne by the commotions of Bohemia , therefore 20
having made Moravia furetohim, and Silefia^ he put to death thefedi"
tious Citizens of Vratijlavia the Metropolis of that Country for invading
/: . . the Government , and flinging downe the Senators from an high Tower.
TThe Bohemian warre was haftened on by the violence of the Hnjjits ^ who
were enraged for H«/^eV deaths therefore they perfecutcd with all hoftility
the Prieftsand Monks, fome of which they banilhed, others they murthered,
having pulled downe and burned the Religious houfcs^ and broken to •
peeces the hnages and Statues in their Churches. Divers battels were
fought , but the Hujjits under the command of Zifca obtained the vidory^
-1420. the Empcrour enters Bohemia with his forces to fupprefle thefe tumuks5 3o
and having taken Fragile, was downed and anointed King of Bohemia^
then he falls upon the Bohemian forces ^ but was repulfed and beaten by
them, and compelled to retreat into ^/or^wd for a new leavy ^ In the mean
time Pope Martin <,. by the Cardinal of If^mchejier, had ftirred up all
Gcrvuny againft Bohemia -^ three Armies were raifed, one of 5rfJP0«/ by their
Duke, the other of Francons by the Marquefle of Br-^w-^iwrg , and the
third of B<iuir/^«j-, ^wczv^^/fj-, and others , by the Archbifhop of Trrocrj .• AU
thefe Forces by a fudden panick fear were diflipated^ the like fucccflc
had that Army which was raifed by Juliaftus dejannuf the Cardinal 5 di-
vers other attempts were made upon the ^hcmian Fiufsits , but with ill 4.(>'
fiicccfle.
Upon this the Councel ofBaJtl is called^ the Emperour with great pi^j-
mifes ii invited into Italy by rhthp Maria. Vifcount of Mil/an ^ againft
i 4. 3 I . whom the tenet fans and Florentines made war both by Sea and Land 5 being
received at il//iZr«, he is crowned with the iron Crown ^ thence he went to
r^!,-.w.i where he wintered. In the Spring he comes to /!<?»/« , and u|pon the
day of Peruicoft is crowned by PHgtnim the 4. Thence returning through
Ferraria and MantM^ creates John Francis Oonz.aga Lord of M<i«r»<« , Mar-
quefle. Thence he returnes through ^ajil mto Hungaric , and from thence
into hohcm/a which now was quieted by the Councel o( hajtl. Here ha- ^^
J .7 ving obtained of the Peers that Albert uf Aujiriacus his fonne in law
^^'' Ihould fucceed him to the Crowne^ he retires to his daughter in M<?ni«/<T,
where he fickned and died the twentieth year of his Empire, the feven>^
teenth of his Reign over Bohemia, and one and fifty over Hungary , the feventy
feventh year of his age^ He was hurkd n Faradmum or Varafin : He was a
good Prince, a Iq^er of, Leainingi Hecaufed the Hiftory oi Arrknmtohe
tranflated
I
C H A p. I . Uiflory of the TVorld. 5 3 5
tranllated for him out of the Greek into the Latine. He hated flatterers, Art.chrijiu
therefore one day he beat one of his Courtiers for flattering him to his face^ v-^v^W
iit which the man repining cried out, Why doft thou beat me, faid the
jBatterer':' Why doft thou bite me, faid the Emperour? He was very muni-
ficent:, but one day riding through a water, his horfeftoptand pilled in it,
to which one of his Courtiers faid, Thishorfe is like his mafter^ the Em-
perour dertd to know his ineaning, the Courtier tells him, That as his
horfe pilled there where there was too much already, fo he beftoWed his
bounty on thofe that needed it not, and neglcfted thofethat were in want:
10 The Emperour fhortly after fills two boxes of the fame bignefle, the one
withfilver, the other with lead, which he prefents to this Courtier, willing
him to take hig choice of either ; he chofe the leaden box , which when the
Emperour faw, he told him that it was not for want of good will in the
Emperour, but of good luck in the Courtier that he was not richen
Sigifmimd is commended for divers Apothegmes, and for his clemencie^ '
faying , That others killed their enemies withfwords , but he ufed to kill his
enemies with favours. His firft wife Mary King Ltidovici daughter of \^
Hungary^ died a. year after their marriage : His other wife Barbara a la-i
fcivious woman , bare him one daughter Elizabeth heir of the King-*
20 dome whom hee bctroathcd to Albert of Anjiria , he imprifoned his
wife Barbara for treafon againft him , for Ihe plotted with the Peers
of Bohemia to feife on the Kingdome ; but after his death Ihee was let free^
her life after this Ihe led infamoufly, and died miferably of the Venereal
plague.
There was nothing more commendable in this Emperour, then the paines
he took with the Chriftian Princes in calling the Synod o£ Coftjiance , to
fettle the diftraded eftate of the Chriftians caufed bythethree Antipbpest
The Cardinals at P/fa had conferred their Papacie on John 23. Gregory
an dBc»e^/<? being excluded, who flighted this aft of the Cardinals 5 there-
:?ofore to take all quarrels off, the Pontificat isconferted on Otto CoUwmius^
and is named Martin 5. the other three being forced to yeeld 5 in this
Synod Tetrus de Aliaco Cardinal , and Gerfan Chancellour of Park laboured
for a reformation of the Clergy and Court of Rome^ but to no purpofe ;
here fVickliffs doftrine is condemned , fo are John Hujj'e and Hierome of
Tragtte :, HtiJJe was firft degraded, and then delivered up to the Secular power ^
iipon his head was put a paper-Miter , with the pifture of three Divils , and
this Infcription , {_This is the. Arch-heretich^ : ^ Some write, that he Ihould fay-
before his death, i hat out of his ajloes JhotUd arife a Swan which theyjldould not
burne of they did the Gonfe^ and that a hundred years after they jJdOttld an- I 41 5,
40/iver to God and him. Which words the Bohemians ftamped upt>h fome
of their coin : he was burned in July^ and Hierome of Prague the next
September aiier. In this Synod was renewed the decree of Communicating
under one kinde : It was alfo ordered, that the fifth year after the end of
this Synod Ihould be the beginning of another, and afterward every
tenth year a Councel Ihould be held^ by virtue of this conftitution a
Synod was held at Papia , which from thence , becaufe of the plague j
was tranflated to Sena. This was diflblved by Pope Martin 5. becaufe
Alphonfns Ring of Arragon , who hated Martin^ endeavoured to reftore
Vetrus Ltmenjm to the Pontificat, which at Conjlance hee had loft:
-Q therefore B^j?/ is defigned for the next Synod. Julianus the Cardi-
nal is fent into Germany to promote the Bohemian war, and to call the
Synod.
In this Councel of hajil, at which divers learned Bohemians were 14.21.
prefent, it is decreed that the Synods authority was above the Popes ;
but Fugenius 4. fucceffour to Martin, fearing left the Synods power
fliould erufli the Papacie,. commanded it to be tranflated to Bononia:
Pp 2 This
33^ The Second Tart of the \ Book VI«
An-Chrijii. ThiTwaslb diftalteful to Sigifmund the Emperour , and the reft there, that
v-'<5?^V°>>-' they cite Etigcnius to appear at BafU ^ or elfe to lofe his Pontificat», here- "
upon Etigetuus was forced to ratifie the adts of the Synod , but taking ad-
vantage of the arrival of 'John raUologus Emperour of Co/ijiantwople , who
came for aid againft the Turks, he enjoyned the Synod to be tranflated to
Fenaria , and from thence to Florence ^ this difpleafed the Fathers of Bajil^
who defired the Greeks to repair thither, if they meant to do any good to-
wards their union with the Latine Church ;, but Eugenius hindred their com-
ming, and now Sigifffiund being dead, he ftirs up the Dolphin of France^ who
afterward was called Lewis the ii. to raife the Synod with a great Army, j^
thefe committed great infolencies in Jlfatia, but in their journey to Bajil
wereworftcdby the5iv/7z.erj-, who alfoloft their lives there. This tumult
drove away from Fafl the Princes Legats; the Greeks were perfwaded in
IA2Q. ^^'5 alTcmbly at Florence^to affent to the Proceffion of the Holy Ghoft,
to celebrate the EuchanfTin unleavened bread , to acknowledge Purgatory,
and the Popes power, which was fo difpleafing to the Greek Churches,
'--5(/' upon the return of the Emperour and Patriarch, that they denied Chriftian
burial to all fuch as fhould affent to thefe Articles : In the mean while
the Synod of Bajil depofeth Pope Eugenius^ and fubftitutes in his place
Amadem Duke oi Savoy ^ whoftiled himfelf Fe//x 5. whence fprung up z^o
new fchifme , which was ended by the death of Eugenius , and the voluntary
aft of Eelix^ who furrendred again the Pontificat.
Chap. II.
The Hiflo)y t?/ Swethland iind Denmark, from the year 1412. till the year
1587. 0/ Denmark ^w^ t'/Swethland,/?// 1590. 3°
2 'Y'^ Swethlttnd(^s we have faid ) to Afargaret (uccecded her nephew Ericas
^ ' I Dlike of rom-rania , he was a great hater of the Nobility , whom he much
-■■ weakned in forreign wars both by fea and land ^ his government was op-
pofedby Engrlbert Prince of D^/r^r//*? whom the D^wejflew, and by Charles
fon of Camiiiis governour of the Kingdome, who drove Ericus into Denmark^^
where finding no help or fecurity, drives to make his peace with his own fub-
jefts, and to return home, they upon his fubmiffion were contented to re-
ceive him again s, but as he was returning home, he feifethupon Gothland^
intending to exercife Pyracie there upon all the Northern (hips; but being 40
befet round by ch.irles Canutns ^ and fearing the Danifli forces, furrenders
himfelf ro his peoplc^amongft whom afterward he reigned peaceably fourteen
years from his Coronation : To him fucceeded C hrtjiophcr Talatin rDuke of
Favaria^ nephew[to EricMshy his lifter 5 he had wars with England^ but re-
turning viftorioufly home, fell upon Lubec without any fucceffe; he loft
his Fleet by fhipwrack upon the coaft of Snecia^ as he was ftriving to fur-
prife the ?''?«<r/j//c Cities : In his time the Kingdome was ruined with plague
and famine. Atlaft having loft in the fea all his wealth, dieth in Denmarl^
childlefs.
Srocthlmd being governed fome years without a King , at length by 50
I 4 5 o- the confent of the Peers who were weary to be ruled any longer by
Forreigners, elefted c/j^r/c j Camttus for their Kbg : He fubdueth Nor-
way , andlayeth heavy Fines upon the Danes for making war againft himj
the people being irritated by the tyranny of their Governours, and animated
by the Archbiftiop o£VpJalen^ a rebellion is raifed, which to fupprefs, Charles
removesto Ccdanunt^ where he expefted aidefrom Poland^ in the interim the
people
Chap.i. Hiftory of the IVorJd, 337~~
people obtrudes the Kingdome upon Chnjiiem King o^Devmark nnd ciovvnes ^tf.Chnflh
him. Cj^/Z/z/j- Bi(hop of L/wt'^prw, and the Archbilhops Nephew having raii'ed ^"^"^•'"n-*
an Army, drives out of the kingdome all that fided with Chnjljern, and in a
memorable battel defeats C/)r////er» ; upon this Charles h called home out of
rr/tj/iit, and by the popular breath re-eftabli(licd , he placed milder Governors
over them:, atlaft-, being full of years and peace, died, to whom fuccecded '47 0*
Sh'MO 5/«re,Nephew to Charles by the fifter ^ he defeated the Fleet which Chri-
jiiern had fent :igd\vA Stockhohn^-M\6. overthrew his Army which had let down
before the walls, fo that after this he never made any attempt againft Swedtrt 5
10 but his fon 'john^ by the affiftance of the Rnjftans^ and taking occafion by the
faftions between Steno and Stianto^ a great man,invaded SwethUnd^ where by a
Fadion he was crowned 5 but fhortly after fupprefled by Stetto^ who brought
back to Smalanda the Queen of Denmark, , whom "^ohn had carried away and
married ^ but (hortly after at a feaft he fickned and died the 50 year of his j ^ q 3.
government i he was well beloved for his excellent partSj but chiefly for re-
fufing the Crown when it was proffered him.
Snanto Prince of the Ojirogoihr, and Chancellor of the Kingdome, is eleded
Prince of ^n'e^A/^?^.^. G<Ji5/(5^/^BifhopofL/»f^pe» conveyed privately the body
of Steno to Stockholm. Suantohay'mg entred into a confederacy with the L«- ^ 5 i 2^
20 ^/^.er/, made war upon ChriJ}iernihe7. againftwhom whilfthe was making
preparationsj he died the 8. year of his government, Steno Sture the younger
5a4»^(7«j fon fucceeded, who whilrt he was fighting ftoutly againfl: Chrjjiiern
which had invaded -S'xp?//)//tW with a new Army, was killed by a cannon bul-
let 5 he being dead, and the Svpedijh Army defeated, Chrijiiertt was invited by
the Danifh faftion,&. is crowncd:,but the Peers whom he fufpefted on that very /
day of his Coronation are treacherouf Jy by him murthercd at a feaft , having
caufed firft the Town gates of Stockholm to be fhur, that none might efcape, a-
bout 94 were maffacred, whofe bodies were left unburied three dayes on the
ground,to the horror of the fpedators ithe body of Steno but lately buried,by
go the command of this new Tyrant is digged up, and burned with the reft ^ at i r 2 o
length he plundred the widows and fons of the murthered Nobility 5 but hea- '
ring that thirty thoufand of the people were up in arms againft hitn, he ftole
out of Stockholm, and through woods and by-ways efcaped to Denmark , the
fame moneth that he was crowned 5 neither was he quiet at home, for having
embrewed his hands in the blood of his own people, was extreamly hated, fo
that Frederjcky^is Uncle, Prince ofHolfatia, with the Lubikers, raifed an Anny
againft him :, whereupon being terrified in confcience he flies into ZeUnd with
Ij'abel his wife, C£fars fifter, and his children, the third year after the maffacre ^ 5 2 3«
of Stockholm.
AQ, In the mean time Cujlavus the fon of Ericits who had efcaped out of the
hands of the Dane, under pretence of negotiating for C^r/^w^ the widow of
Steno, marrieth with Sieno's daughter, and by the confent of the Peers , and
wealth of the Lubikers, enters upon the poffeffion of the vacant kingdome 5
after this he aboliftieth the old religion, and embraceth the doftrineof the
uiugufline confeflion •■, at laft having governed the kingdome prudently eight
and thirty years, he departs this life, leaving for his fucceffor Erictts whom he
begot of his wife Katharine the Duke of Saxons daughter 5 after he was
crowned at Stockholm, he made wars upon the Y^anes and Lttbikers, by which i 5 60-i
he encurred the hatred of his friends and neighbours ^ his brother John Duke
50 of Finland was much difpleafed with his conditions 5 he having married Ka^
tharine a widow, and fifter to Sigifmimd King of Poland, lent him a great fum
of money, for which he received in mortgage from the King divers Caftles and
Garrifon towns in Livonia ^ EricHs being fufpitious, thought his brother had
entred into league with the Polonian Jind Dane againft him, therefore makes
war upon him, and having apprehended him with his wife and whole family
at ^bo a Tov7n in Finland^ caufeth him to be brought to Holmia^ where being
fub^
3 38 T'he Second Tan of the Book VI.
Jn.Chrijii. publikely condemned, was iinprifoncd, and moft of his chief friends pat to
^-^"W^^ deaths after four years imprifonment: he was fee fice^ about a year afcer he
feifeth on his brother Ericits^ devefts him of his kingdome, and commits him
1568. to perpetual imprifonment : hereupon John is made king ot StvcthLnd by ge-
neral confcnt^ he had war with the Dme diudi Jlltifcovitc which killed many
years •-, he died and left one fon, SrgifwiittJ^ who was elected king of PoLtnd^
'John was of his fathers religion, confonant to they^«i,'//////7i.confeffion5 but he
fuffered his fon Sigip/iimdio be inftrufted privately by his mother Kathcrine
in the CathoUckSMth^ yet would not fuffer any other profcflion but Unhcran-
ifme publikely in his own kingdom s theref.;re he left his brother Charles Duke 10
ofFinlmJ, a rigid Lutheran, as an hoftage with his people, that no innovation
1590. fhould be in their Religion, and withall in his fons abfencc appointed him ex-
ecutor of his will, and titular King oi Srvethland.
1 4 I 2. In Denmark, Alirgaret, as is already faid, being dead, Erici/sve'igncd alone,
he was the Duke of Pomcraniu! fon, and great grandchild of ^^<i/Jt7«4r; he
learned his cruelty and perfidioufnefs oi Margaret ^hy whom he was educated.
In his time the ^/e/'wwJ^ made irruptions into De»»Mr/^, but to their lofs, for
they were defeated and repulfed by the Queen and Nobility,whofe overthrow
in thefe wars, Erkits that hated the Peers, did chiefly aimc at •-, he being flight-
ed for his perfidioufnefs and injuftice, is expelled out of both his Kingdoms ^q
into Gothland^an Illand fit for his fafety,and for exercifing of pyracie , during
his abode here, he much infefted the5jpe<^//Z)fliips, but was favourable to the
Danes^ to whom he left a\\ Gothland to be poflefled and kept for him in his ab-
fence ^ for not finding himfelf fecure enough in that Ifland, he returns to PO'
merania. This Eriais is infamous in the Hiftories of Sivcthland and Dcnmark^fat
his adulteries,perjuries,plundrings,tieacherics,injuftice,and fcvcn and twenty
feveral treafons^ when he fled to Gothland^he carried with him the whole trea-
fures of his kingdome, and C^cil his Concubine, who was the chief caufe both
1428. of his wickednefs and miferies. To him fucceedcd Chrijiopher Duke of Bava-
ria, the great Grandchild alfo of /I dWe>«i«r, he was chofen by the confentofoQ
King Eriaif 5 he was much offended with the infolencies of the Hans-towns,
which were grown fo wealthy and llrong, that they flighted their neighbour
Princes, chiefly Lubec which the Dana had built, and was hitherto fubjed to
the Danifli Kings, but now by treachery and cunning had fliaken offthejr
yokcjand aimed at the government of their Governours f, therefore to reduce - >
them to their former obedience , he raifeth out of all parts of his kingdome
great fums of money, which fo dil'pleafed the Northern Juitlanders that they
rebelled, but were quickly fupprefled by the King, and grievoufly fined ; his
v/ikwusDorothji daughter to jfc/i6« Marquefsof ^r^WcW^^ he died child-
Icfs, the feventh year of his reign in the Caftle of Hcljingor-^ he was a Prince ^q
well beloved of the Danes, but hated of the -Sire^a, over whom notwithftand-
ing he reigned till hib dying day.
1447. To him fucceeded chriji/anus the firft, fon oi'theodorkus Earl of Adenhurg^
he was clcfted by the advifeof ^^<'//'A«/Dukeof H<)//Q^whis kinfman^ he
married 'Dorothy the widow oi Chriftofher his predeceflbr, of whom he begot
a d^\.\%Wc\\ Margaret byname, (who was afterward married to the King of
Scotland) and two fons,'J«/j« and Frederickjj in his time the Swedes fell oflf to-
tally from the Covenant of the three Kingdomes, having chofen and crowned
a Kmg of their own, to wit, Charles fon ofCamttus, and Lord Marflial of that
Kingdome, but he at laft was expulfed for his tyranny and perfidioufnefs, and
Chr^iianiif washy them accepted as their king, to whom they were notloiig
fubjed, for divers of the ^-w^/tx rebelled againft him, and called home again
Charles from Gaunt, where he had lived in exile feven years ; this ChrijiianHs
was a. clement and bountiful Prince, whofe government had been without
blood, if his fimplicity had not been abufed by fome fycophants, to the great
prejudice of SreethUnd, for '^obn Archbifliop oiVpfal/a, by the malice of fome
falfe
Chap.1. Bifiory of the JVorJd. "^^ ~33F
falfe inforrt>ers (by whom often-times Princes are abufed) was apprehcn- /in.ckrijiu
dedbyCinJifnww/, and highly wronged being fent into Ot««^r4, where he '-^"VN-f
lived in great mifery, and yet it was by his means that the King obtained this
Kingdome, forthis Aichbifhop was the main man that oppofed the tyranny
perfidioufnefs and cruelty ofKingCA/jr/e/j that ftood molt for the peoples li*
berty, but Ring Chnjiianns having found out the knavery of thcfe mif-infor-*
mersj fends the Archbifliop home again to Sweden with much honour, and j e-
ftores him to his former power and dignity ^ in requital of which flours, he
remained faithful ever after to Chrifiianm^ forgetting the injury of his capti-
jQ vity : this Ring having redeemed Holfatja witn a great fum of money, railed
by way of taxes from his fubjefts ^ Swcthland alfo Being fiabdued by his Arms,
and OothUnd regained, having married his fon John^and vilited Rof?/e for Reli- 1481;
gions fake ^ at laft after three and thirty years reign he died, and was burietl
at Rofchild in a Chappel which he had built and richly endowed,on the South
fideof the Cathedral Church of Saint Lucius the Martyr 5 this place he had
inriched with<iivers ornaments and Reliques from Rom^.
To him fucceeded his fon "John the firft ^ he married Chriflinx daughter of
Erm^iitf Duke of My fni/t, whobare him two fons Chrijiiemus and Fredcricky
and one daughter, Elizabeth^ who was married tojoachim Marquefs of Bran-
^Qdebitrg:, this jftfA« almoft reigned two and thirty years over Dc«/«.jr,^:, in the
beginning of his reign, fome of the prophane Peers ftirred him up againft the
Clergy, but when he perceived that it was out of malice and covctoufnefs
thefe profane men defired the overthrow of the Church, which isftill expo-
fed to the hatred of the Laity, he took all Ecclefia<lick perfons into his pro-
teftion ever after i, but what thefe covetous wretches could not effed by this
King againft the Church, they afterward did perform by Chrijikm and-
fredcrick^ the firft. "John intended war againft Steno Stara Govemouc
of S7X>cde, which his mother Dt^wf/vy kept off whilftftie lived, but after her
death he fought and fabdued the 5BV<^ex, yet fcarce in joyed lie that kingdome
_Q three years, for Stcno and Snanto rebelled, to the hurt of both kingdomes. y <q j^
^ Queen Chrijiirta was belie ged and taken in the Caftle o^Hohas 5 he was unfor*
tunatein the battel o^Dztm.irfe which he loft, but had better fuccefs by Sea
againft the Lw^e^er/, who were alwayes enemies to the kingdom oi Oenvtarkj^
he died of the Plague in the town oi'Olburg, and was bu ried at Cttonia ^ he was j < j 2,
a Prince both prudent and religious, much lamented after his death eren by *
thofe that hated him in his life, forefeeing the tyrannical go-eernment of hw
fon Chrijiiern the fecond, whom the Hiftories call worfe then any Phtt^if^
Uero^ or Scylla^ for having found a peaceable and plentiful kingdom, he left it
moft calamitous, by his facriledge, impieties, cruelties and perfidioufne£),fpa-
jQ ring neither ecclefiaftick nor fecular perfons, but raging on the dead as well a$
on the living, for which his Nobility were fo offended, that by the help of hi? _
Uncle and Lubekers, they drove him out of his kingdome, the 9. yeare of hit> * 5 ? ?*
reign, ten years he lived an exiled man in Germany ^ afterward returning with . ;3 7. i
an Army into his countrey, hoping to recover his kingdome, was taken pri-
foner, and detained in captivity till his death, which befell him at Ca/kfiburg
having lived 77 years arm fome mc«ieths, he was buried at Ottsnia neer his fa- j 5 5 ^;
ther 5 his'Concubine was the caufe of all the miferies that fell on him and hi?
kingdome, he married with jf/^ki daughter to Philif Ringof S/?.«« and Archf
Duke of j^^r/rtT, who4iv€d ten years-, and was buried at CJ^mw/^, a moft (chaftg
C'c and religious Lady, who bare him three fons, two of which died ia their in-
fancy , the third departed in the Hungarian warre under his Uncle Charles
5° the fifths Emperour, the fame day that his father was taken prifoner ^ flie
bare'hhn alfo two Daughters, Dorothy married to F rd.::/(.vvf^Count ralatinc^?A-\d
Chnliinu the wife of Francis Sfortia Duke of MilUn^ and after him of Francis
Dukeof Z.or47«e.
Frederick^
3 4 o T'he Second ^^m of the Bo ok YA,
An.Chrijii. Frcclerirk^the firft fuccecds King of Denmark and Nonr.iy -^ by his fathers laft
^-^^^'"^^ vviU he was made Duke of slcfvic^ Holfat/a^ Stormj.ri<t^ IVagru^ and Dttm.njl
chir-, bur being a child of nine years^ his brother the king divides thefe Coun-
tries with him ^ when he came to mans eiiate, he demanded of his brother the
Legacies his father left him, and complained for detaining his Dominions
from him, but receiving an unpleafing anfwer, he was contented to fit quiet fo
long as his brother lived, whom he aided alfo in his wars againft the Ditmar-
fiians--) at laft entring into a confederacie with the Daniili Nobility, drives
him out df his kingdome for his tyranny, and undertakes the Government of
D':»fffarkjind Norway^ Hafnia furrendred to him, whither calling the Nobili- lo
ty together, he held a Parliament, in which Chrijiiem for his tyranny and trea-
' 1524. chery iS depofed, and Frcclerick^c\GdiQ6^ who prefently confirmed the privi-
ledges of the Nobility as foon as he was crowned j he commanded that the,
Lutheran dodrine (hould be publikely taught in the Churches j he died at
Gottorp, and was buried at Slefmg in the Quier of the Cathedral ChurchjWhere
he was honoured with a Monument of Alabafter 3 he lived fix and fifty years
and reigned ten^ he had two wiyes, the firft was Jnna daughter to John ElcfVor
and Marquefs of i)r<r«^'/f/'«r^, who lived fourteen years with him, he had by
her C/jr////^« the third, king of Denmark^ and Dorothy l. the wife oi Albert
Duke ot CornJJia, his other daughter was Sophia \v\k to EitgiJIj us the Tenth, ^
Duke qfstet/n in Fomcrania. 5 llie had three (onsjohn^ Aclolphifs, and Frederick^ '
and three daughters, Fltzahcth mother to Sophia^ who was wife to Frederick^
thefecond, Kingof£>f«-!«4r4, ^«»(i that died of the Plague, zv\d Dorothy the
fecond.
Chrj^ianus the third fucceeded ^ he firft of all took care to fettle the Chur-
ches of his kingdom, committing the charge of a general vifitation of Ecclefi-
aftick perfons to Widenfcius Dodor in Divinity, whom he fent for out ofJlLtg-
deburgj and to ^ermannm Tajiiifs Paftor ofFlenjhurg^ with whom were joyn-
1557. ed fome of the Nobility , he was crowned by John Bitgenhagius of Fomerania^
., ^: and reigned four and twenty years in great moderation and prudence 5 at laft -^
the fix and fiftieth year of his age he died ; his Son honoured him with a mag^
nificent Monument of Alabafter and Marble at Rofchdd, whither his body
was trarifportcd with great iblcmnityi his wife Dorothy the Duke of Lower
I 5 S 9- S//xtf«y/ Daughter lieth buried by him, ftie died twelve years after her hus-
band, (he bare to him Frederick^the fecond King of Denmark , Anna wife to Att'
gtijtiis Eleftor ofS</x<?»;'and M^rqueCs of Myfnia, AJagnns Duke of Holfatiaj
J 5 7 I • Dorothy wife to WiBiam Duke of Br unf re ick^^ and John the younger Duke of
Holfxtia.
Frederick^the fecond fucceeded ^ he had wars 7 years together with Ericui
the 14. King of Sivethland, till the year I $70. at length by the mediation of aq
fome Princes, peace is concluded between him and John brother to Erjcus 14. •
all the reftofhisrcigtrhe lived peaceably 5 at lafthefellfickofa lingringdif-
I 5 8 7. eafe, O&ob. 5. and died the 4. of April following, having firft received the Sa-
crament, and prepared himfelf with confefiionof his faith and prayer 5 he
reigned 29 years, and lived 54. he died in Sit land in his Princely houfe of An-
- - derjchovp:^ he was much bewailed by the whole kingdome, chiefly by the
Church and Schools, for he was a great freind to Schollers 5 by his wife Sophia.
he had Elizabeth, Anna^ Chrijiianus, Vlricus^ Augujia^ Hedewiges^ and John 5 his
S ucceflbr was Chrijiianns the Fourth, of whom we will fpeak hereafter.
50
Chap.
Chap.}. Hifiorj) of the IVorU, 347
Jin.ChriJii.
Chap, III.
iheHijiory of \^o\hh6i^ and the neighbouring places ^ from the year 1404. t/H
1 5 14. vpith fomc fajjages of Mmcht till I'i^o.
IN Holland ^E^t\ Albert Being dead, his foti William fucceeded , commended
for a good fouldier, a juft Prince, and a mun ificent benefador to the poore; ^ ^ o 4;
his firfr wife was Mary daughter to Charles the feventh of trance^ by whom
he had no children 5 but of his fecond wife Margaret^ the Prince o^Burmndies
daughter, he begot jf^ctf^^ his onely daughter and heir: He had fome diffe-
rence with ^r^e//«ftr a Lord of that Country, who had feifed upon the City
Worchofft^ or Gorcum. The Bifhop oiVtricht affifted the Earl againft this Ar-
kelim^ from whom he took fonie towns ^ Camera was burned to alhes , and the
fame fortune was like to fall upon Goratm, if the Duke oi Odder ^ and John
of ^/t'y^r/iielefted Prince of L/ege had not mediated a Peace between them;
There were alfo great troubles between this John the Bavarian and the Citi-
20 zens of Liege , wJio defpifing the government of this Prince^elefted another 5
but Earl i^/Z^/rf»/ by the aide o£ John of Ettrgtindy hiskinfman,^«/^;/jof 5r<z-
hant, and iheodoricm of Namnrs ^ overthrew thcfe rebellious Citizens in d
bloody battel , arid withallaboliftied all the priviledges of that City, impo-
fing a heavy Tribute on it : This li'illiam alfo had feme quarrels with Rcnald
Duke of GeWer, but they were at laft compoftd by the addition o^Arkeliuf his
dominions to VViUiams. After he had fettled all at home , he »iade a journey i'4 1 7i
to Hannonia^ and fhortly after dyed.
To him fucceeded his onely daughter Jaroba^ whofe whole life was nothing
elfebut a wreftlingwithhad fortune: for her firfi: husband the Dolphin of
50 France, John by name, fon to Charles the fixth, fhortly after her hafty marriage
withhimjdiedofpoyfon^ ftie was then about fixteen years old, in the prime
of her youth, when (he gave her confent to marry with John of Brabant
though (he was retarded from that by Religion and propinquity of blood,
yet Pope Martin the fifth gave her a difpenfation, which was revoked again
by the authority of .S/<?//»«'«^ the Emperour. This being unknown to Jacoba
fhe confammates the matrimony at the Hague : In the interim, j^/j« o£ Bavaria
aiming at higher matters, refigneshis Epifcopal feat to the Pope, and mar-
rieth with the widow 01 Anthony Duke of Brabant:, befidcs , S/cjC^i/md the
Em perour confers upon John of Eavarta the Arms of Holland^ to whom that
40 Earldome feemed to appertain , he being the next heir male, to whom the fe-
male fex was to give place : Upon this, he enters Holland \w\ih. an Army , not-
Withftanding theGrandees refifted his claim,a{firming that the woman was ca-
pable by their antient laws of the government of that Earledome : But John
of Burgundy made peace between them upon thefe terms ^ that what the ba-
varian did po{re(re,he (hould enjoy by the right of Fee : yet the next year the
war was renewed by the City of Leydcn, which lided \v\th la cohwr, but the
inhabitants being pinched with a flrait fiege,were forced to yeeld^ and fub-
mit their necks to a new Lord. lohn of Erabant was forced, though without
his wives knowledgCjto deliver up the whole government of the Country to
50 the Bavanan •■, hereupon arofe divers je.iloufies and quarrels between the mar-
ried couple, fo that (be grew carelefle, out of indignation, both of her husband
and of the government ■■> belidcs, the (iniftrous waies ufed in making up of this
match ftuck in her ftomack,and fo ufing this for a pretence,(he manieth the D.
of Glocefler^ without the Popes difpenfation 5 this exafperated her former hus-
band,fo that he having undertaken the government of Holland upon the death
Q-q of
341 'The Second ^ an of the Book. V I*
jin.Chrijiu o^lflhnoi Bav.tr'hJ^ goci\\ into Hatmonia^ and being affifted by the Forces of
WVV-' rhilif Duke oi'^urgiimly^ overthrew in fevcral skirmifhes the Anny ofjiicoba^
whomhetookprifoner and delivered her to the Burgundian, till the Popes
opinion orjudgement was known concerning this match, but (he efcaped to
hollmd in a mans habit, where (he was joyfully received by thofe Cities of the
Hocrki that fidcd with her, but many other Townes adhered to Philip theBur-
gundian : Hence followed a cruel war, the Duke oF Glouccjicr affifled Jaroba,
but rhilip at laft got the better 5 After this the Popes fentence followed, ma-
king her divorce from her former husband unlawful , with a command that
fhe ftiould commit her felf to the cuftody o^Amndcu^ the Duke oi Savoy ^ till 10
things were peaceably compofed. Hunfred of Cloucejier having repudiated his
wife,marrieth with another ; After ih\s Jacoba laid liege to Harlem^ which (he
was forced to raife again, and fight with rhdip of Eurgimdy^ whom at lafi: in a
longbattel (he overcame, and drove him into Lej'^ew. In the mean while as
fhe was making greater preparations, jff^« o^Brabcint^ from whom (he had di-
vorced her fel^ died, which now put her in great hopes of obtaining Holland
ngain ; but thefe hopes were quickly blall:ed by her overthrow (he received
neer Wiringa in a battel againft Phil/p^ with whom (he Articles, that he (hould
beProtedtorofHcJiZjKis/, but the dominion (hould remain in ner, befides,(hc
(hould never marry without the conlent of f/)////* 5 and withall, if (lie died 20
childlefs , he fhould be her I'ole Heir : fo the Countrey enjoyed peace a
while, which afterward broke out into new difcords ^ for jacoba being of a li-
biiiinous naturc,fell in love with Francon Borfal/10, which when rhihp under-
ftood, fuddenly he feifeth on him, and fends him prifoner to Rupelmond^ with
command that he (hould have his head cut off , but the Governour of the
* Caflle beiog !o;gh to meddle with the blood of fo great a man, gave out that
Hcrfalim was beheaded •■, rhiltp repenting of his ra(h fentence, when he heard
of this, was much grievedjand wept, for he delighted not in blood ^ but when
he heard that ^orj-.iLm was alive, he rejoyced exceedingly, and withall, ratifi-
ed the marriage between him and jacoba^ on thefe conditions, that (he (hould 3^
totally refign her right, that 'Borjahu^ (l^ould lay claim to the Earldome of
Ojlerbitnd:^ if they bad children, they (hould enjoy their ancient Dominions,
if they had none, that then all thefe Countries (hould devolve to the Heirs
ofPh/hp theBurgundian, and fo (he dying childlefs,the Houfe ofht^rgmidy be-
came Lords ot H^mnonij, Holland^ Zcland^ and We^-trkjland-~, and thus F hi lip
became a moO: potent Prince, his (irft Marriage with Michadia the daughter of
Churkf the (ixth of France was fterile,and fo was his fecond Matrimonys but by
the third match with Eli^abeih of Portugal he. had three fons, one of whom,
Mtrtm by name (the reft being dead) fucceeded him. P/j////) after this had
long wars with the French, at laft a peace is concluded upon this condition, 4*^
thatP/j///p fliould endeavour to recover amongft other territories the Earle-
dome ofG/fen^h[it fn m this he wns hindred by the Englifh out of Cali ce^which
was then under them. At this time, the tumults of Gaunt and Bruges filled the
whole Country with diforders : One day as 'Phil/p was pa(rmg through Brugefy
the Citizens fell upon his Company, killed the chie/eft of his Nobility , and if
he had not broken open the cates, he had been murthered there himfelf,(b
that hemrrowly efcaped. Tl is high indignity he could not digeft, till he had
belieged the town fo clofely, that it was pinched both with poverty and hun-
ger, for want of trading and provifion : whereupon the town is (urrendred,
eighteen of the chi-f plotters were put to death, and the reft: forced to redeem 50
their lives, and the Princes favour with a great fum of money : after this
he fuppreffeth the Gan /y, and other fadions thereabout ^ he made his
natural fouv.i: David V>hihov of Vtricbt , though the Citizens withftood him 5
he alio affifted by his power Lemf to the Crown of France , at which
time the folemnity and ceremonies of the golden Fleece were performed
at
C H A p. 3 • Hiftory of the World. 345
at the UAgii':'-, this Order was firft inftituted at the Nuptials of Vhili^ and An.chnflL
Ifahd. ' .W'V-^*-*
In the mean time thofeoflrV^e offered divers wrongs to the Earls heredi-
tary countries, and drove Laveis Bnrbon out of his Biflioprick. The Earls fon
Charles^ (irnamed ^ellicous^ oxHardy^ was fent with an Army to fupprefs them,
which he did, but they prefently rebelled again, whereupon the City D?;m»-
/«/;/, a famous place then 5 is made the objeft of the Souldiers fury, who kil-
led many of them with the fword, and drowned multitudes in the Moft^
they overthrow the Towers and Walls of the City, and burried down the
10 houfes with fire ;, fo at lafl: the Citizens of Liege were forced by this exemplary
punilhment tofubmit, and beg the Princes favour. After thefe wars, this
good Earl died with age and ficknefs at Emgis the 73 year of his age, to
whom fucceeded Charles Mortin , called the Bellicotis , he was three times i 4 6 8^
married, firft with Katherhie daughter to Charles the feventh, Kiqg oi France 5
fecondly, with Elizabeth of Bnrbon^ by whom he had Mary the Heir of his Do-
minions 5 thirdly, with M^r^^re^ daughter to the Dukeof ler^, andfiftertp
Edix>ardx\\t^.Yi.mgoi Engldnd--i he fought divers battels with good fuccefs;
he fuppreffed Liege , as we faid 5 he began a war with Leiv^ the eleventh,
King of France^ which was upon agreement fuppreffed ^ he had fome Sea-
20 fights with the Duke ofWarvoick^^ againft whom he aided King £<sfw^r^' when
he was driven out of his Kingdome into Holland^ he had wars alfo WixhAr-
noldDuke o£Geldre J who had fold Geldre and Zutphania to Charles j all this
Countrey he added to his Dominion, and received it in fee from the Empe-
rour j but Cefar afterward gave aide to the Earls enemies at Colen and Nove-
Jfum^ a Town belonging to Colen, and there was like to be great trouble, if the
Popes Legat had not taken up the quarrel : he had long wars alfo with the
French,and was twice defeated by Reinold o£ Lorain the French Genera!. After
Nancy wcis taken by the French, C^/ir/er layes fiege to it; a long and bloody
battel was fought h at laft the Earl being betrayed by Campobajiis an Italian,
20 was drowned with his horfe in a Lake the 43 year of his age j he was a wife i a 7 ^
man, a juft Prince, and a good Souldier ; he fet up a high Couirt of Juflice at
Mechltn, and in the greatHallatthciFii^aeheufedtoadminiftcr Jufticehim-
felfj fometimes every week •-, he beheaded the Prefident of Zeland who had
put to death an innocent man, that he might abufehis wife; this Prefident
having had his defire of the woman, fent her the dead body of her husband,
which the Earl underftanding, fent to the woman the dead body of this Prefi-
dent or Governour, and made her heir to all his goods : This Earl was too
greedy of glory and dominion.
To him fucceeded his onely daughter Mary^ the laft of the houfe of B«>*-
40 gff»^}'i from which the right of thofe Countries were tr^nflated to the Houfe
o^Atijiria^ and fo to Spain , her tuition John of Clive undertookj till ftie was
married to Maximilian fon to Frederick, the third, Emperour, which was the
originall of the Houfe o^A/tJiria's greatnefs. Lems the French King fought
her for his fon, but was rejeded , for which he was highly iiicenfed. The
troubles arofe again between the Hoec^s who took Leydenfic the Cabil/ans who
feifedupon Dort. The Princefs in hunting was flung from her horfe, with
which fall ftie broke a rib, and died of an Impofthume , ftie was buried at
Br«^e/,to the great griefof her husband, towhomfhe bare Fhrlipof Jujiria^
franc/s wh© died an infant, and Margaret. Philip the fecond, Heir of thefe Do-
- minions,beingfcarce as yet four years old, had yl/^x/Vw/Z/^w his father for his
Governour, by whofe prudence the faftions of the tfoecks and Cabillans were
quieted, the rebellion of the Geldrians fuppreffed, the Townes of Ruremmd
and Venloa having fubmitted ; he extinguiftied alfo the differences with
Yrance^hy betrothing his daughter Margaret to the Dolphin, who Was deluded
by him, affeding rather the D. oi'&ritanies onely daughter, whom he married;
Maximilian had alfo wars w^'ithOattnt and Brw^^-jWhofc ftout ftomack he at laft
544 'The Second ^ art of the Book. VI.
Jn.Chr/fii. fuppreffed, but after he was called to the Empire, he left the care of
w^^'V^ Belgium to his fon Philrp, now almoft iixteen years of age ^ he by Johanna
1506. (Jjiughter to Ferdinand Ring o^ Spain begot Charles the hhh^Fcrdinand King of
Hungary and Bohcma , and feme daughters afterward married to the chief
Princes of EKropt'j and by the death of jf^/)« o£ Cajiik he became Heir of di-
vers Ringdomcs^ he wasavertuous and peaceable Prince^ at length being
full of wealth and happinefs, died at Burgis a City of Granado^ not without
fufpition of poifon -, his heart, as he defired, was buried at Jerufalem : To hina
fucceedcd Charles the 5. fcarce fix years old, whofe Aunt Margaret in the mean
while governed the Ne^/»er/^«d/ ^ but after Charles attained the years of pu- 10
berty, the whole countrcy of Belgium folemnly acknowledged him for their
Lord. After this, ztVakdolid the chief City of old C<i/We, fometime the refi-
dence of the kings of Spain^ with great magnificence, Charles takes polleffion
of his fathers kingdomes.
Charles , by the death of Maximilian Emperour , his Grandfather, is cho-
fen by the general fufFrage of the Eleftors, Emperour of the Romanes :^yNho
was no fooner gone into Cer»/^«j', but the 5'/>^»i(«r^j- rebelled, bymeanes of
the infolent Government of William Croi'pis Chierins^ whom Charles had left
as Viceroy of5p</7« 5 the Nobility envied the government of a ftranger. Peter
C/r^;7/«j",being aided by the Peers, under colour of vindicating the liberty of 20
SpainCf goeth to Valledolid^ where he feifeth upon Joan Mother of Charles^ and
carried her away as his prifoner ^ but fiaddenly an Army of ImperiaUfis being
levied, they regained the Queen, fet her at liberty, and put to death the chief
rebels. C^^^r/fj- finding how requifite his prefence was, to extinguifh the fire
of intcftinefeditions, makesa journey to ^p^w, where he flayed eight years,
but whilft his prefcnce quieted Spaine^ his abfence occafioned troubles in the
T^ctherlands ^ raifed by the Geldrians , and Zutphanians ^ who being at laft
fubdued , were forced to fubmit to the pleafurc of the Conquerour , which
was, that Gelderla-nd and Zutphania being efcheated to the Emperour , they
1514. fhould be held in fee from him 5 this Zutphan is a town in Gelderland^and hath 3^
been an ancient Earldome, and is feated on the River Tjk. Groyning alfo
a Towne of i^yeji-FrieJ/and^ which, had been wrefted from the Duke of S^-
xony by theEarleof Fajt-Frjejjnd, and {old to Charles Duke of Gelders^ was
to be furrendrcd to Charles the Emperour 5 to whom alfo Henry of Bavaria^
the laft Biftiop ofVfricht^ being expelled by the Citizens thereof and Duke
of Gelders , refigned his jurifdiftion 5 the firft temporal Lord of it was
Charlts^who built a fair ftrong Caftle here; yet I finde in Bell-Foreji upon
1509. GnJcciardin , that William Enckeroort Cardinal, and Bifhop ofTortona in Spaitt^
took poffeffion of this Bifhoprick by a Deputy , he himfelf remaining then at
Rome, whofe Succeffour was George of Egmont fon to John the firft Count of 4^
Egmont ; he ruled this Biftioprick five and twenty years , whofe Succeflbr
Frederick^ of Tautenburg was Bifhop of the place twenty yeares , after whom
fucceedcd none but Titular Bifhops; Epifcopacy with the Roman Religion
1580. bein g both driven out at the fame timCgnot without great tumults, and almoft
the overthrow of that City.
Chap.
Chap.4.. Hijiory of the IForld. ~ ^^^
Jn.Chrijii.
c H A P. I V. urv^^
qhe Hijiorjf 0/ Savoy, and the neighbouring parts ^ from the year 1397. tiH
the )ieari^<,2.
IN Savoy, Amacleus the 8. fucceeded to his father Jmadeus the 7. There was i a o 7^
great ftrife who fliould have the tuition of the childe 5 for Bona Biturica
his mother. Bona Borbonia his grandmother, Letpis of Savoy Prince of Mo-
10 re^(who had married his lifter) the Earl of Geneva , and Thilip Duke of Bur^
gimdy , did all daim an intereft in this childs tuition, and government of his
Earldome : this gave occafion of great differences, which were not ended till
^w^^s^eAvhimfelf being now of age, and having married Mary o£ Burgundjf
(according to the defire of both parents whilft they lived) undertook the go-
vernment: He was a Prince of great hopes, and on whofe prudence and power
his neighbours did much relie. Italy at this time was grievoufly afflifted with
plagues,rudden deaths, Civil wars, and fchifmes in the Church, all which were
portended by a direful Comet , and other fearful meteors. For mitigating of
Gods wrath, and removing of thefe judgements, fupplication and proceffions
20 were made through all Towns and Villages, multitudes of people going
about in white garments , and fuch as did not wear this colour and go about
with them, were counted prophane^ this garment was of white linnen, which
covered them all over head and foot : All ages, fexes and conditions of people,
from the meaneft: fort to the Princes, undertook this Penance freely, chiefly
the Clergy of all degrees , fo that for three whole months there was no other
publike exercife performed 5 neither during that time, were there any quar-
rels or Law-fuits.
This AmadeHs beftowed upon the Celejline Order all that building called the
Savoy at Lions^ which heretofore had belonged to the Knights Templets, but
go after their abolition to the Knights of S, ']ohn of 'jerufalem^ which buildings
thefe Knights had beftowed upon Jmadeus ^. for his good fervice in reco-
vering the Ifle of Rhodes to the Chriftians : The fame Amadens 8. gave order
to his fon Lewis to build a Chappel in that place , and to increafe the revenew
of thofe few Monks which he had invited thither , having as yet no more but
feventy five crowns per annum allowed them, which was performed by Lewis r
accordingly, who alfo enlarged the bounds of the Monaftery 5 this was in ho-
nour of ?cter Cekjiin not long before canonized. About this time John Bifhop
of Liege was expelled his Biftopprick by the Inhabitants , and purfued alfo iti
a hoftile manner : this wrong William Earle of Henault did highly refent (for
40 this lohn was his brother ) and prefently implores aid from the Duke of Bur-
gundy who had married their fifter,againft the Liegers-^ the Burgundian aflents,
and withall invites to the confederacie Amadeus , who had married his fifter :
thefe raifed a great Army , a cruel battel is fought , in which Pierxveijtus the.
chief author of theBiftnopsexpulfion, and his fon, who affumed the title of
Biftiop of Liege^ with eight and twenty thoufand Liegers were flain , and John
the Bavarian reftored again to his Biftiopprick : Firius General of the Savoyatt
forces, with the Gentry of Savoy that were with him , behaved themftlves fd
gallantly in this confiift , that the Burgundian invited three hundred of theni
allowing large ftipends to be of his Life-guard, fetting Virjiis over them as
Captain •■> but not long after , fome differences falling out between Amadeus
and Levpis Duke of Burbon about ihe Principality of Dumbar^ which the
* Savoyan claimed as a part of his dominon, Vinns boldly by a Herauld de-
nounces war againft Lewis of Burbon , at which the Duke wondred that a pri-
vate man durft be fo bold, therefore he fufpeftedthat Amadeus had autho-
rized him to do fo, and the rather, becaufe Virius had feifed upon fome Caftle J
in the Country of Dumbar : Some think that he was encouraged by John
Duke
5 4^ T^he Second Tart of the Bo ok VI.
Jn.Chrifli. Duke of Burhon -^ however it was, the Burbonian with an Army before Virius
,w^V->rf ^as aware, regained all the Caftles which he had taken, and withall threatens.
to proclaim war againft the Savoyan, if F/r/«/ be not delivered up to him : the
Savoyan who difclaimed altogether this rafhnefs and boldnefs of /■/;■/«/, de-
livers him up to the Bnrbonian, conditionally that he (hould be ufed as a pri-
foner of war, and difmifled again after he had received fatisfaftion from him
fortheloffesfuftained j this was agreed upon , and the difference about the
right of homage which the Savoyan demanded of the Burbonian , was com-
pofed by the Duke of Berry-) but this accord was not long-lived, for Charles 6.
King of Fr4«(re being offended with the Dukes of Orleans and Bnrhon upon lo
fufpicionsandjealoufies, invites jf<?/»« Duke of £«r^K«c7j, and y^wadcits to fall
upon the lands of Orleans and Burbon with fire and fword, which was done ac-
cordingly : Amndeus employes Virius^ giving him the charge of five hundred
Curifers, fierhoHrgms\%iQx\x\>^ the Burgundian, thefemake havock of all
whither they went : Berry , Burbon and Or/ww/ being highly inccnfed at thcfe
wrongs, enter into a league both againft the Burgundian, whofe greatnefs they
hated , and the rather becaufe his power was greater with the French King
then all the other Princes, and likewife againft the Savoyan , who had mar-
ried the Burgundians fifter. What miferies and defolation fell upon fmnce by
this confcderacie, may be feen at large in the FrenchHiftories. ^^
This /Imadeus waited upon Sigifmnnd theEmpevour , as the fecond Earle
of the Empire, when he went to France about a Synod for removing of the
Papal fchifme^ the Emperours Ambafladours could do no good , therefore he
was fain to go himfelf, being attended upon(according to the ancient cuftome
when the Emperour travels out of the Imperial bounds J by the Princes
Electors, four Dukes, four Lantgraves, four Marquefles, and four Earles of
the Empire ; Amadeus \nh\s journey (cWdck-', fome think truly, fome think
1 4 1 5. fainedly, as being unwilling to meet or converfe with Orleans , the Burgundi-
ans great enemy , and fo returns home, where underftandingthat Genita was
much diftrafted with inteftine broils, he fends one thither under colour of-^
fome other bufinefs to try fome of the Citizens under-hand, if the Emperour
by their help might obtain the City, which would be to him of great confe-
quence for entring into Italj upon all occafions : this meffenger not carrying
his bufinefs clofe enough was difcovered , and by Barnabas Guanon the new
clefted governour of Genua ( George Adurinus the ancient governour having
freely laid down his office in thefe tumults) is apprehended and condemned
of treafonj but before the expiration of one year, this Barnabas was by
1 4 1 7. ihomas Fregojius thruft out of his office, and banilhed from Genua. Though
this plot of Ataadeus fucceeded not , yet his good will was feen to the
Emperour Sigifffiund^ which he rewarded by making him of an Earle a aq
Duke, and becaufe he doubted left Geneva and Laufanna. would unite
themfelves with the confederated Switzers , as the Cities ofthe Valtelin had
done, two years after he obtains ofthe Emperour full and fole dominion
over thefe Cities, which grant was approved by Pope Martin. After this
Amadeui made peace between Charles the 7. of France , and vhili^ the Good
Duke of Burgundy, whofe father John was killed by the faftion of Orleans^ and
procured that all who had a hand in that murther ftiould be expelled France.
After this rhilip D. o^Millan made war upon Savoy , and feifed upon Novarra
and Verfelli, becaufe Amadeus had made a league with the Venetians the D. of
Millans enemies, fo that the Army which the Millanok had raifed againft the -^
Venetians and Florentines, was emploied againft the Savoyans^butv^w^^ew/ to
be revenged, raifeth a great Army , andby the afliftance of the Burgundian,
^XilexsLombardy with fire and fword, fpoiling all the Territories o^ Mi Han :h\xt
Sigiftfmnd the Emperour , who was now preparing to go for Italy to receive
the Imperial Crown , obtains free paflage through the Duke of Mdkns
Country, and withall procures a peace between VhiU^ ztxdAmadeus^ in which
Hovaria.
Chap.4.. Hiftory of the World, 347
Novaria and f cr ce Hi are rcdored by the Duke o^ MilLm^ who took to vi'ife Ati.Chrijifi
ili/jry daughter of y^»M^f«j- . In the mean while the French King had loft a Uf^V%J
great part of his Country, in his wars with England and Eurgundy. The Prince
oi Orange intending to invade the Delphinutjfends to<?<x':^<); forhelp^ which
was promifed on this condition , that the Savoyan if he obtained the viftory
ftiould have that part of the Delphinat in which Grat/anopol^ w;ft feated, and
Vienna: but the event of this war proved otherwaies then they expeded 5 for
fcarce had 0/'i^«^eentred the Delphinat, when GaHcourtiHf the Governour of
that Country under the French King fet upon him , and overthrew his Army,
jQ fo that he was forced to fave himfelf by flight, a great many Gentlemen were r A^i-
taken prifoners, and above three liundred (lain. After this a great battel was '
fought between iie«4?«f of ^«;tf«, and Ant honji theLorangerEarlc oi Vaude-
utcntium-.) this was of the French faction, the other of the Burgundian,
the Savoyan aflifted Anthony , who got the viftory , and took Renatus pri-
foner.
Now Amadeus being fixty five years old, and growing weary of the \vorld^
reputing with himfelf the hazard, vanity, and uncertainty of humane affairs,
refolves to change his courfe of life , and to perfwade fome of thofe Knights
on whom he had alwayes moft relied , to do the like ; but firft he picks out
20 two of them , whom he took afide into a private place, and acquainted them
[^That he alwayes truly loved them, fo that he ftill rejoyced in their company
and prefence when he was in all his glory ; and now defirous to live a private
and retired life from the tumults of the world , he was in good hope they
would not forfake him, promifing that he would never forget their kindnefle
in this, and that for diet and cloathing they (hould do noworfethen he.3
Thefetwo Gentlemen wondring much at this refolution of the Duke, Qgave
him humble thanks for his good opinion of them , and his affeftion to thems
but with all they wilhedhim to confider, that God had inlarged his Domi-
nions and Titles alfo , that now he was at peace with all his neighbours, that
2 he had dutiful and obedient fubjeds, and a fair iflue of children, and that no-
thing was wanting to make him truly happy ?, therefore humbly defired that
he would not preTer a private life to the welfare of his people committed to *
his chargejWhom he ought to rule and keep in peace,to advance the good^and
punifti the bad 3 to chufe out fuch men as might adminifter juftice without
partiality,that this was the high way to eternal happinefs^ This they thought
good J out of their duty , to put himinmindeof, yet no wayes willing to
crofTe his defigns.] To this the Duke replied, QThat they were miftaken in
placing true happinefs in outward fplendorand dominion^ for (faith he)
There is no felicity but where is liberty, which isonely to be found in the
^o private life, being fecluded from the tumults and dilquietnefs , cares and
fears, theunfeparable companions of greatnefs 5 for aptivate man enjoyes
more happinefs in a day , then a Prince doth in a year 5 for the one can travel
up and down the world fecurely , and fatisfie his eyes and minde with thofe
delights, which the other cannot without much fear and danger both to his
own perfon and fubjeds 5 for how many Princes have been taken travelling
out of their own dominions, imprifoned, and Qiamefully murthered, even to
the hazarding of their people, who by this means have been expofed as a prey
to their enemies 5 befides, Princes ears are ftill abufed by flattering Parafites,
fo that they feldome hear the truth , and are made believe they are adorned
with moft vertues, and blefled with greater happinefs then aJl other men,
which is moft falfe,and meer mockery : Again, private men are for the moft
5'-' part longer-lived and healthier then Princes, as being contented with more
fimplefare, having better ftomacks by reafon of exercife^ andthefrefli air
which they ftill enjoy 5 whereas we are cloyed with variety of difhes, fauces,
and drinks, fo that many times we loath our meat^ and are opprefl'ed with fur-
fcitting and drunk.ennefs,and thofe bad effeds which enfue from thence. N ow
if
3 48 ^he Second Tart of the Book VI*
-^^.Chrijii. if you will look upon the aftions of Princes , vvhatfoevet* good fuccefle
they have in wars and government , is afcribcd to fortune , or to rheir
Counfellours, or the courage of their fouldiers, but if any thing falls out ~
amilfe, if a battel or City be loft, thefault is prefently imputed to the Prince,
as being either carelefs, or treacherous, or timorous ; I will fay nothing of the
continual jAiloufies and fufpitions of Princes 5 in time of war they are ftill
fearful left their counfels maybe betraied ^ or their perfons delivered up to the
enemy, in time of peace they are afraid of infurreftions ^ they are alfo ftill
molefted with the. unbridled defire of domination , preferring that to all
rights of affinity and confanguinity: it is alfo madncfs to count them happy be- ,^
caufethey pollefsm.uch, for the greater their pofleffions are, the greater are
their moleftations , and the more they have, the more they covet 5 whereas
private men are content with little, and their defires are comprehended with-
in a narrow circumference. I will not deny, but there is fome happinefs in
thofe Princes that can by their milde and juft government procure the good
will of their fubjeds, but this holds not long, for they are forced often-
times to puniQi Delinquents, and to impofe heavy taxes and payments
on their fubjefts, by which they forfeit the love and good opinion they
fhould have of their people, and fo they live ftill in fears and jealoufies,though
they have about them ftrOng guards:, therefore if you duely confider the con- 20
dition of Princes , you will finde much more felicity in rejeding then ac-
cepting of a Crown, which is ftuft with fo many cares and fears, that if you •
fhould finde it on the ground, you would fcare ftoop to take it up. Thefe are
the reafons ( my friends ) why I defire to withdraw my felf out of the tem-
peftuousfea of publike employments, into the fafe and quiet harbour of a
private life, hoping to injoy more happinefs then heretofore , and the rather
if I can have the fruition of your fociety: 1 will therefore commit the burthen
of government to my fon Lctv^ , yet referving to my felf the chiefeft power
and command.^ •
The two Knights hoping that the Duke would not continue long in this S'^
refolution , but that it was a fudden conceit , which upon more ferious
thoughts he would change^aflbnted to his defires,profefling they would never
forfake, but follow him whitherfoever he went, humbly thanking him for
counting them worthy of fo great honour as to impart to them his refoluti-
ons, and to chufe them as his companions. Upon this , the Duke about mid-
night accompanied onely with thefe two, and a few more of his domefticks,
removes to Rjpat(iit?7t , where about a mile from the Town (food a large and
pleafant building upon the bank of the lake Lanfanna , which Jmadeus in his
younger years had built there for pkafure:^ there ftood alfo a Monaftery de-
dicated to S. JlLmrice^ whom Amadcus his anceftours highly honoured as 4.9
their titular Saint : Hither the Duke having entred, puts on the fame Mona-
Itical habit which tlie Monks of that place wore; the garment was long, of an
afh-colour , which was girt with a rich girdle, over this a cloak with a golden
crofs on it;, the garment had a long hood, which when the Monks let fall on
their fhouldiers , they wore on their heads red hats like Cardinals 5 they ufed
alfo to bear in their hand a writhed and knobbed ftafFe : jEneas Sylvius^
afterward Pope rms the 2, faw this Duke in this habit, attended upon by ten
Knights in the fame habit, and of the fame order. But this fudden departure
and refolution of the Duke did much amaze his ISobility , being no wayes ac-
quainted with his counfels in this; all his fubjedsalfo were much troubled ^q
that he Ihould forfake his glory and dominions to imbracefuch alife, who
lent to acquaint him how unpleafing this aft of his w.as to his people of all
forts, and how unbefeeming hisown greatncfsand wifdome; but he returns
anfwer, That by this departure he had neither diminifhcd his grcatnefs nor
judgement , nor his care of them , but would provide that the State of Savoy
ihould receive no damage thereby, theufoie wifhtd thtm to pcjfevere in
their
Chap.4. Hiflory of the JVorld, 34^
their wonted allegiance. In the interim he fends for all the chief men of his ySti.Chrijlv.
dominions, defiring his two fons might be brought to him; then he declares tyV^-*
Lewh his eldeft fon Prince of Tiemont^ and his younger Earl of Geneva^ and lb
delivers over to Lejp^ the government of all his Provinces on both (ides of
the Alpes , but referving to himfelf the fupreme power , neither did he lay
afide the title of Duke, nor would he have any thing of concernment
afted without his knowledge and approbation. At laft he difmiflcs the Aflem-
bly or Parliament, wilhing them to retire to their homes , and to be obedient
to his Sons 5 twenty of his domeftick fervants he retained with him , the reft
jQ departed with great forrow.
The Duke took great plcafure in conferring vi'ith the Prior of that Covent,
telling him, That now his life did much refemble the condition of thofe who
having efcapedfhipwrack, fate fecurely on the fhore, beholding thofe (hips
that wereftrugling with the winds and waves, fearing every hour to be fvval-
lowed up by the impetuous billows of that angry element. To whom the
Prior replied gravely, QThereis nothing (faith he) Excellent Prince, that
more refemblcs the wretched life of man then Navigation^for we fee that they
whoarenotaccuftomed to the fea-life,naufeate and grow fick with the agitati-
on of the (hipjWho thinking to aleviate and eafe themfelveSjget into theCock-
2Q boat, as if the caufe of their naufeating proceeded from the greatnefs of the
fliip,not the agitation thereof: juft fo are we, who bein g troubled and difquie-
ted in minde as it were with the affiduous waves and ftorms of the tumultuous
fca of this world,think that the laying afide our greatnefs,dignities, wealth and
publike imployments will eafe us, and that we fliall live happily and fecurely
infolitudes, cloyfters, and retirements 5 but we delude our felves with Ihews
and appearances, for ftorms may as well attend on him who lives in a
cottage, as in a Palace. Pardon me, moft Illuftrious Prince , if I fpeak freely,
for I am bound by my Allegiance and Order, to fpeak truth without
flattery, which is the bane of Princes, and doth more mifchiefe to them,
jjQ then open enemies : It is no great matter to forfakeyour Palace, State and
Honours, if you for fake not your felfe , for he that follows Chrift muft deny
himfelfe, he that retires into a defart, and carries with him his unfetled
thoughts, and unruly affedions, what benefit hath he more then they who
remove out of one place or air into another? We muft therefore above
all things clear and purifie our mindes from allgrofleand terrene thoughts,
before we can be fit for heavenly meditations ; Chrifts fouldiers muft not be
intangled with the affairs of the world, faiththe Apoftle^ for as the eye can-
not at the fame time look upward and downward, neither can the foul
elevate it felf to Heaven , whilft it is deprefled with the weight of earthly
AO thoughts, as they are whom the delights, honours, and riches of this world
have wholly pofTefTed, whom the world forfakes before they forfake it;
Married men arc ftill perplexed with cares for their family and children,
fingle men have a continual conflift with their unbridled lufts : fomearein-
ceflantly troubled withdefire of wealth, others of revenge, fome of ho-
nours, others are never fatisfied with pleafures \ how many do we fee expofc
their lives to the dangers of the fea in their long Navigations to remote
Countries, for a little gain > few dayes pafle in which the ferenity of our
fouls is not obnubilated with the clouds and fogs of terrene affedions, fo that
fometimes we »are deprived of our nights reft ; our beft courfe therefore is to
50 bid adieu to the world, to defpife her flatterings,to divorce the body from the
foul , and not to fuffer any commerce in fpiritual things between them , and
' withal to account the ftorms C which fometimes feife on us , and which we
cannot avoid in our Navigation through this tempeftuous Ocean) fent by
God to drive us home the fooner to the wifhedfor haven of happinefs :
Letusfoufetheworldasif weufed it not-, let us not fo fet our affedions
on friends, country, wealth, honours, and other mundane emolumcntSj
tv r as
~^ The Second Tan of the Book VI,
An.Chrifti. as to grieve or to be troubled when we are feparated from them ; let us part
v.'<^''V=>>-' without repining with our wealth , lands and pofleffions, by which often-
times the minde is clogged , Gods anger provoked , and much mifchief pro-
cured 5 fo (hall we finde a new light (bine in our fouls ; and we (hall become
new creatures, having put off the skin of our old natures , fo lliall our fouls
be fitted like wax to receive new impreflions of grace, when the old charaders
of our fro ward and perverfe difpofitions are obliterated, which is effefted by
the benefit of a retired life, by which our exorbitant and boy ling aifeftions
are cooled, and the unruly motions of our mindes, like fo many wildebeafts
are tamed 5 by this means the venomous weeds of pride, luft, hatred, cove- jq
toufnefs, and fuch like will be eradicated, that the tender plants of grace
and piety may profper and flourifh in us 5 our tongues (hall be accultomed to
praife God , our ears to hear his will, our eyes to behold his glory , wifdomc
and power in the Creation and Government of the Univerfe ^ our whole
fenfeSjfaculties and imployments will be totally taken up in fpiritual .delights
and comfortable fruition of our God , whofe fweetnefs will make us account
all things elfe bitter and unpleafant 5 to attain which happinefs, thereadieft
way is to devote our felves to prayer, reading,and meditation on the writings
and holy lives of thofe bleffed fouls , who by fighting the good fight , have
now attained the Crown of righteoufnefs : For as Painters who take the 20
copy of a choice pifture, look (ledfa(tly on it , and take notice of the lea(t
lineament -, fo muft we diligently obferve and follow exaftly the lives and be-
haviour of thofe holy men, conforming our felves as near as may be to their
ftriftnefs of life ^ this courfe if we take, we (hall doubtlefs obtain our defires,
but if we give off and faint , our labours will be loft , and our end miferabk.
This was the fumme of the Priors fpeech , with which the Duke was much
delighted.
The Councel of Bafil (a Town in Helvetia upon the Rhine') being called
firft by Pope il/.«-/;« , then by Pope Eu genius^ for fetling the controvcrfies
oi Hitjjc ^ as we have already faid, after the controverted points were de-S"^
termined by ydian the Cardinal, Vo^GEugenius his Apoftolical Legat, a
reformation of the Hierarchie was urged : Philip Duke of Alillan a great
enemy to Ettgcnins , (tirrcd up the Princes and Cardinals againft him , ac-
cufing him of divers crimes 5 being cited, he refufeth to come , but fends his
Legats, whereupon the Cardibals, with the reft of the Synod, depofe Engeniui,
and fubftitute in his place this Jmadeus^ who for hisfanftity and piety was
now grown famous; Engenjus in vain goeth about to diffolve the Synod, and
calls another at Eerraria^ which becaufe of the plague was tranflated to
florcnre. ^w^rfe///, now called fe/;x the 5. is fent unto by hisfonin law the
Duke of Millm , and the Fathers of the Synod to acquaint him with his 40
eleftion; he modeftly defired to be excufed, in regard he was unfit for fo great
a burthen and honour, having now renounced the world , and being bred a
fouldier, he was altogethet ignorant of Ecclefiaftick affairs; that office is
fitteft for one (faith hej who hath fpent his whole time in Church mattery
otherwife it may prove as unfortunate as it did to Peter Momvius^ /««. 1294.
who though a profefled Anachoriteof the Celeftine Order, yet accepted of
the Pontificat. being altogether ignorant what belonged to that high imploy-^
mcnt, and fo having fat fix months, was depofed, and ended his life in prifon :
profperity is more dangerous then adverfity; this is oftentimes maftered, that
is harder to be overcome : Thus he excufed himfelf, but at laft by the impor- 50
tunity of the Legats fent by Duke Philip of Millan^ and the earneft intreaty
of his other friends , and chiefly his fons , who thought this dignity con-
ferred on the father for his worth , redounded to the childrens honour,
he fubmitted himfelf to the plenfure of the Synod : fo the eleftion
being ratified, he is honoured by the Pontificial habits which the Legats
cloathed him with. Shortly after hee takes his journey for Bafd^
hcvnl
I
CHAP.4. Hiflory of the TForld, 351"
being accompanied with all his Nbbility 5 when he came, all the Cardinals, An.chrifij,
Avchbifhops, Bifhops, Abbots, with the reft of the Clergy, Lawyers, and all \W~>r\J
that were there in the City flock in great multitudes to meet him, fo that
many were killed in the prefle s he receiveth his facred Orders by degrees and
intervals of time^ then being by the accuftomed ceremonies made Blfliop, he
js brought between two Cardinal Deacons tq a Theatre ereded over againft
the Town-hall 5 after he was fet down, the Cardinal on his left hand takes oft"
his Epifcopal Mitre, and the other Cardinal on his right hand fets upon his
head the Pontificial^ the reft of the Cardinals and Clergy in their Eccleiiaftick
_ habits ftood round about him , the multitude in the interim with joyful
ftiouts and acclamations wilhing all happinefs to the new Pope, then the two
Cardinals that crowned himpubliftied the Popes indulgences , the one in
Latine, the other in the vulgar tongue^ thence he is conveyed to the Black-
friars Monaftery,after this manner : Firft, the Cardinals domeftick fervants
and officers went on horfeback , after them went the Popes fervants , among
which his Chamberlains carried each one a red bag like a (hepherds pouch :
after thefe went the Cardinals kindred , whom twelve grooms of the horfe
followed , every one holding his red banner , bearing in them the Popes
Arms ; after thefe the City Magiftrates followed , with one oithcTeutonic
2Q Knights carrying a banner with a black croffe in a fil ver field upon itjwhich are
the Arms of that Order : after him went a Nobleman of Savoy carrying a
banner, in which were the Pontifical and Savoyan Arms conjoyned : after
him rode one who carried a banner, and in it the Arms of the Knights of
Jeritfiilem : the horfes of thefe Standard-bearers were in rich trapings , and
themfelves in compleat Armour ( except their headsj covered with copes or
rich robes of filk, on which were imbroidered their Arms : after thefe twelve
milk-white horfes richly traped with filk and gold were Ied,then four Gentle-
men with Targets, every one carrying a red hat on a fpear , thefe were fol-
lowed by the Popes Chamberlains, after whom went the Princes Ambafla-
^^ dours, and Roman Nobility , whom the Apoftolical Sub-deacon carrying the
crofle followed , hewasufhered by two Apparitors with their Maces i then
went twelve of the Popes intimate friends in fcarletj each one bearing a white
Taper, two others bore before the Hoft two filver candlefticks or lamps, with
the lights burning, the Hoft it felf was carried on a white horfe under a
Canopy , encompafled with rich Tapeftry of filk and gold , with the Popes
Arms on them: after the Hoft came the Sacrift, and after him the Scribes or
Secretaries of the Synod , among whom was JEn£as Sylvius^ afterward Pope :
after thefe followed the Advocates of the Confiftory^the finging men, Sec. and
after them two Sub-deacons, a Greek and a Latine^ then rode the Arch-
^obiftiops,Biftiops, Abbots, &c. next to them the Cardinals^ andlaftofall, the
Pope on a white horfe richly adorned with gold and fcarlet , eight Noblemen
carrying a Canopy over him, with a numerous guard of Gentlemen in Arms ;
after thefe the Marflial flings money among the people to keep them off from
prefling on the Popes guard. As foon as the Pope had entred the Black-friars
Church,he bleffed the people , and prefented his foot to be kifled by the Car-
dinals and Nobility : after this he entertains them all with a moft fumptuous
feaft in the Epifcopal palace of Baftl-^ then having named who ftiould be the
Officers and Minifiers of his Court, he createth fome eminent and learned
men Cardinals , among the reft was Tanormitan the great Dodlor of the De-
crees, who was imployed by Pope Eugeniuf to plead for his right in the Couti-
50 cc\oi Bafil^ but when he came thither he pleaded againft him, he afterward
was fain to lay down his Cardinal(hip,and live obfcurely at home.
JmoAetts by accepting of the Pontificate 5 gave occafion to a new fchifrne,
which is reckoned the "27. The French^ Srvitzers^ MiUatioif^ Neapolitanr, and
thofe oiPJemont fided with Felix and the Sa-voyans-^ but the Venetians favored
Eiigenitff^ being born there, fo did the Florentines and Thnfcians. Hence enfued
Rr 2 along
352. 'The Second Tan of the Bo ok VL
An.Chrifii.'S. long war between F.ugenius^ iheKing hi S fain ^ and the Duke of vlf//Z/«.
*<'*^''\'~>^ rhrlip Duke oi Bitr gundy adhered to Fiigejn as ^ though he was the fon oFFc//x
• his wife. Frederick^ the Emperor firft held with Felix , but afterward he Tided
with £w_ge«/ay , who was now become a new man , and by his clemency and •
bounty had got mofi: mens afFeftions from Felix. Upon this the Italian Princes
enter into a confederacies with whom joyned alfo the Duke of Millan^ that he
might not feem to be fingular. About this time, Balthafar offida Governor of
Bononia^ for his cruelties and injuftice is apprehended by Francis sfovtia^
(author of theconfederacie between the Venetians and Florentines) and fewed
within a Bears skin raw as yet and bloody , fo that he had no ufe of hands or lo
feet, whereby he was poyfoned by the Ifench and vermine which that raw
skin begotjand fo dyed miferably. rhil/p Duke of Burgundj not only got mod
of the Princes to fall off from Felix ^ but likewife perfwaded charl-s the
French king to do the fame : hereupon cA^r/w fends Amballadors to Rome^
1446. B^jii ai^d savo_)\ to mediate for an accord between the two Popes, in the mean
time Engcnim fals fick and dieth, the 1 5. year of his PontiHcate, and the 60. of
his age, to ■whom fucceeded Nicolaus the fifth. Lerekthe fonne of Fel/x the
Pope, labours much with the French king to fVand for Pope Nicholas , that fo
peace may be eftablifhed in Chriftendome 5 for he was forry that the blame
of this fchifme fhould be laid on his father,who deferved it nor,being as all his 20
progenitors ever were, a ftout champion of the Roman faith, charls upon this
fends his AmbafTadors to L/t'w/, wifhingLery/y-of^ftxj^ytodothelikc, and to
procure fome Legats from Bajtl^ that meeting together they may confult how
peace might be fetled in Chriftcndome.
The next jf///;' after, there arrived at Lions, bcfidcs the Kings Ambafladory,
the A rchbifhop ofTrevers, and Legats from Cokn and Saxony 5 Pope Fehx fent
Lewis Alleman the Cardinal : ihefe confulted till November:, at laft it was a-
greed, they fhould give ft7;x a meeun^ at Geneva ^ thither when they came,
they met with other Legats fent from France^ England^ Sicily^ and other parts,
ff/zx, wh^ againft his will accepted of the pontificate by the perfwafion of 50
Tanormitan the Abbotjand fome Cardinals who were unwilling to be depofed,
doth refolve willingly to deveft himfelf of it i therefore openly in the Synod
of Laiifanna (for that of ^rf/// was diflblved by the Dolphin ) fe//x aiming
more at the general good, then his own honour and emolument , renounceth
the papacie, transferring all his right he had to it upon Pope N/choIas 5 which
fad: was highly commended and admired by the Synod, as may be feen by the
teftimony they gave him, and which they left upon record to all pofterity, the
fumme of which was this : Having bleflcd him, and wifhed him all happinefs,
they Commend him for his piety , modefty , love of peace, and liberality to-
wards the Church, who in fuch a time of diftraftion would rather fuffer him - 40
felfthcn (lie fhould fulfer, who by his humility hath advanced her peace and
dignity '-, therefore they thought good to nominate and create him Bifliop of
Sabinia^ Cardinal of the Chnxch of Rome^ perpetual Vicar and Apoftolical
\.cg2Lt o\ex Savoy^ TkKiont^Montsferrat^ SaluJJes^ Ajien^ the province of iJow/,
Jitfpirgb, Laufanna^ BaJ/l^ Strasburgh^ Conjiance^ and fome other neighbouring
cities and diocefles, and withall to appoint him in the Church of God the
fecond place after the Pope, who was to rife whenfoever Felix came into his
prefence, and to prefent his mouth (nothisfoot)tobekified : And becaufe
he preferred peace to the greatefl honour on earth, they decree therefore that
he fhall wear the Pontifical habits and arms, except theFifhcrs ringjthe CrofTe 50
on his Sandals, the Canopy, and the geffation of Corpus Chrijii mxxft be
left for the Pope ; befides , whenfoever he pafieth beyond the borders of his
own Legatihip, he may ufe the Arms and power of a Legate; they exempt
him alfo from his perfonal appearance in the Court oiRomc, or at a General
1449. Councel. Thefe honours and priviledges the Synod thought him worthy of,
for his excellent parts, and chiefly for removing the fchifme and caufing peace
bv
Chap.^. Hijlory of the U'^orld, 353
byhisvnluntaiyrefignationof the higheft place on earth. After this he re- jJn.chriJii.
turns to his Cloyfter, where he fpent the reft of his life in devotion, and then W'-vVi* '
rcfigned his foul to God, anno 1452. fome Write 1459.
C H A p. V.
10 A profeciition of the Savoyan Hjflory^ from the ycarc 1452. till the
yeare 1503.
TO Amadem fucceeded his fbn Levek^ a great follower of his fathers Ver-
tues. He performed exemplary juftice upon Bolomerius the Chancellor
oisavoy^ a wicked and covetous man, who had made himfelf extream
rich byoppreffion, who for his own ends and gain kept Ff//x longer in the
Pontificate then he was willing, for had it not been for this wretch he had re-
(igued it long before. Len?if commands him to be apprehended, who being
convifted of high crimes , is condemned to be drowned in the lake with a
20 great ftone at his neck , to the great content of the Nobility j to whom he had
been a m.ain enemy. About this time, rhilip Maria T)VikGoiMilland\e6.: He
had beheaded his former wife, to marry with Mary the fifter of this Lervk. But
the people being weary of tyrannie, which they had fufFered under him and
his predeceflbrs, refolve now to aflert their liberty 5 therefore they choofe a
Government of twelve men in their city,overthrow the caftle, and tear rhilips
laft will in peeces 5 and withal they fend to F?v<5fer/<:4. 3. Emperor a Cup of gold
of great price,with promife to fend him everyyear fuch another,that he would
not fufFer any to bear rule over them hereafter. The Venetians upon this took
occafion with a great Army to feife upon rlacentia, Cremona, and other cities
56 belonging to the Dutchy o£ Mil/an. Francis Sfortia, philips fon in law , after
their example falsupon fome other places in the fame Dutchy :; which Lervif
oi Savoy perceiving, he feifeth upon Falcntia a city neer to him,and fome other
places. About this time alfo a war was raifed by Charles 7. o^France, againit
this Leivis o{ Savoy and Vhilip Duke of Burgundy^ becaufe Lewis had betrothed
his daughter C^r^?/^ without bis knowledge to the Dolphin his fonne, and
becaufe Ph/l/p had received and entertained the Dolphin when he fled out
of France , and withall the King fends him this melTage , Jhat in entertaining
his fonne^ be chenfjed a Foxe m his hofotne^ rvhich would hereafter devoiire his
chickens, which proved a true prophefie. The Dolphin being impatient of
40 delayes, deals with the Burgundian to fend to Savoy, that he might at laft
enjoy his wife, being now kept off^ from her fiall five yeares. When theAm-
baflador came to ^<iw/ , Duke Lewis thought his meflage very juft and rea-
fonable, therefore fends his Daughter with a great train to the Dolphin at Nu^
fiturs, where (he was prefently married to him.
The French king was much troubled at this match 5 therefore the x\rmy
which he had provided for taking in fome Towns oiVicardy, and fome places
from the Burgundian , he turns againft the Savoyan :, the rather, becaufe he
could do no good againft the Burgundian, who had forefeen and prevented
the French plots : befides, the Ring pretended that the Dutchy of MilJan
-Q belonged to the French crown, therefore by a Herald demands from the Sa-
voyan Valentia and other towns which he had taken there J, he alfoaccufed
the Savoyan for making incurfions upon France , and fome write that the Sa^
X'oyan Nobility under- hand ftirredupthe French againft leir/x , becaufe he
ufed them roughly for adviling his father to retain his right to the Papacie ;
but atlaftthecontroverfiewastakenupby the Popes Legate at Litfw/ » who
Was fent to make peace between France and England^
Lcms
354 '^^■^^ Second Van of the Book. VI.
An.Chrijii. Lexok the fecond Ton of this Duke Lervk^ married with Carola. the onely
^^*'"'^<^'>t>» daughter oilohn King ofCjpruf, by whom he obtained that Kingdome : but
lames the baftard brother o£ Carola, being affifted by the Sultan of ^gypt^ thruft •
LevpU^ out of his kingdome, and overthrew his army , which Duke Lewis and
the Knights of K/>^i^ej had fcnt thither 5 and fo this wicked baftard obtained
the kingdome. Queen Carola fled to Roffie, where ftie was entertained by Pope
T/^ the fecond 5 who faid, that juftly her husband had loft that kingdome,
whofe father Duke Lervk had been fo averfe , and flow in fending aide againft
the Turks and Sara%ens. Amadeus the eldeft fon of this Duke Lerr^fjrefembling
much his father and grandfathers qualities, delighting more in peace then lo
wars, in a retired and monaftick life then in publique employments,was fligh-
ted by the people , whofe eyes and hopes were fixed upon tne youngeft fonne
rhitip, a youth of a comely prefenceand ftature, and of an aftive herokk
fpirit: Duke Lew^- the father underftanding how his peoples affeft ions were
^ fet upon Philip , began to be jealous of him , the rather becaufe he himfelf was
'* ^* grown infirm and unweildy, his fon young aftive and lufty ; therefore he un-
dertakes a journey toLervfs the eleventh of France his fon in law,with his eldeft
fon Jmadeuf , and being highly incenfed complains grievoufly of his youngeft
fon : King Lewis wifhed his father in law not to trouble himfelf, he would take
acourfetofecurehisfonPA////', to whom prefentlythe King fends a young ^O
Noble-man, and one ofhisfervants, upon pretence of imparting to himfome
fnatter of weight from the King , who was defirous to fpeak himfelf with him.
Vhilip fufpeding no hurt, goeth prefently to the King , by whom ( againft his
promife) he is detained , and fentto the Caftle of Lothejia , where he was kept
as a prifoner two years together,to the great grief of the SavoyanNoh'iWtyiWho
loved him and hated the father : About the end of thefe two years Duke
hems died at Lions^ whether he came to fpeak with the French King, the twen-
ty fixth year of his governinent 5 for he took not the ftile of Duke till hisfa-
. ther was created Pope : His heart was buried in the Church of the C£lefiines^
which there he built by the command of his father ; his body was tranfported 3^
to Geneva, where he lieth entombed with his wife Anna.
I 4 6 (?. His fon Amadcffs the ninth, and third Duke of Savoy fucceeded, a prince
in goodnefl'e and integrity nothing inferiour to his Father and Grandfather,
but of an infirm body, and oftentimes fubjeft to the falling-fickneffe : He de-
lighted no way in war, but having fettled all at home , he went to the French
king with his Sifter Bona, who was fled to him, being driven out of Millan by
thetyranny of the-S/^r//?. The king entertained him courteoufly , and with
fo much refpeft, that his fubjefts of .y^w^ obferving fo great a king did thus
honour him, were content to live quietly and obediently under him ^ he was
fo open-handed to the poore, and fed fo many every day , that his Nobility 4^^
complained of his prodigality, to whom he anfwered, that the prayers of the
poore were the chief wals and bulwarks of his dominions : thofe poore men
he ufed to call his fellow-fouldiers, &: to feed and cloath them fometimes with
his own hand , to confer with them, and to fit among them. One day a certain
AmbaOadour asking him where his Hounds were, he caufed all his poore
men to be brought into a great Hall filled with tables and good meat, to which
when they were fet down, he brings in the Ambafladour , and told him, that
thefe were his hounds with which he hunted after heaven, and that to feed
thefe poore people was food to]him more excellent then any Manna. He had
a long and tedious ficknes which he bore patiently, comforting and confirm- 59
ing thofe Noble-men that came every day to comfort him , ftiewing them that
God was never fo neer to us as in afflidions , which were the fafeft remedies
againft our fpiritualldifeafes^ at length, after a long conflidt with death, he
delivered up his charitable foule to God.
I 4 7 I. Xo him fucceeded Thilhert his Son,the firft of that name,and fourth Duke of
Savoy ; he was but four years old when his father dyed : His mother JolanJa
a wife
Chap. 5- Btfiory of the 1 For Id, ~" ^^^
a wife Matron, and Sifter to Lewk theeleventh the French Kinjj, undertook yln.chrifti,
his tuition i zt \vh\ch.\.cwisoi France znd Charles oi Bur gundy aam^A being ^'''^"^*'"^
potent Princes both , and both having an intereft in Savoy by divers affinities
but they were of different mindes and difpofitiotis : 7<''''«'^'« prudently kept
them both off, by making fair weather with both , till Charles was overthrovm
in the battell at Gr^«/tf»,where he loft above thirty hundred ihoufand crowns-
then (he changed her minde, which had been till now more inclined to Charh
and fides altogether with her brother of France ; This being obferved by
charts , who loft another battel about three weeks after the former and con-
10 fidering with himfelf how much he was now wcakned, and what prejudice
it would be to him, if Jolanda fhould make the French King Protedor of Sa-
voy j by the advice of the Bifhop of Geneva, and of his brother the Earl o£Rho^
montium,he feizeth upon lolanda, and commands her to be brought with al her
femily into Burgundy ^ where fhe was kept as a prifoner. But when Charh
thought he had been fure of Thilbert and his mother , he found that their
keepers had deluded him by conveying the Childe to Camcrinum , a place ouif
of all danger, wliither theBi(hopofGe«e7;4came, a wavering and covetous
man , and who upon the incitements of a Knight of Rhodes, imployed by the
French King to work upon the Bifhop , forfakes the Burgundian , and withall
20 delivers up to the Ring both the Childe rhilhert^ and his little brother Charles ■
with the Caftles oiCamerinum and Alontmelian^ihen feifeth on the place where
Jtf/^»<^rf*sTreafure and Wardrobe were, which he referves for himfelf: This
highly difcontented the Burgundian^ confidering what lofTe he had fuftained
in the 'W'ar which he undertook for the Earl of Rhomontium brother to this^
Bifhop, which war at laftcoft him his life at N/r«ry , by the treachery of one
Campobachiufi, and fo he found that the Fr<?»c^ King had truly prophefied of
his fon, that he would prove a Fox.
In the mean while, lolanda defirous of liberty, and to fee her children em-
ployes a Nobleman of r/c;i?/(?»nn a meffageto her brother of Fr^«fe for that
jopurpofe^ who though he had no good correfpondency with his Sifter, yet
fends her word, that ere long he would fend for her into France , who accor-
dingly fends churls Amboife governour of Campagnie with fome forces who
palling without refiftance through the Burgundianscountry , enters the Caftle
of Roveretid which was carelefly kept, and brings away lolanda with her femi-
ly into Savoy ^ neer to the French Territories. King Lcvpk goeth from Lions to
lurou^ there to receive his Sifter , where having provided fair lodgings for her
fends divers of his Nobility to meet her, and he himfelf with all his train at the
town gates receives and falutes her merrily by the title of Lady of Burgundy.
After fome complements, he brings her to her lodging, giving order that fhe
40 fhould be ufed with all refpeft and accommodations : yet for all this , they
were jealous of each other, and fhe longed to be out of his claws , but a league
at laft was made between them, and confirmed by Oath ; fo after eight dayes
entertainment, he difmifTeth her with her children. After this hedefireshis
Sifter to permit her fon Vhdbert to be inftruded in the Delphinat by Luifim a
Noble-man there, in the French tongue and manners , that fo he might have
the greater afFeftion to i'rance : To this the mother affented j but when
the King perceived that the Savoyan Nobility iiitended to exclud Luijittf^ and
' to undertake the care of the Childe themfelves , he caufeth him to be removed
from T«)v« (called of old T4»r/»««^, a City in Piemont^ and which anciently
50 was the feat of the Longobards") to Grenoble or Gratianopolis^ fo called from the
Emperour Gratian that enlarged and beautified it ;^ now it is the chief City
of the Delphinat, and honoured by hewis ii with a Parliament. There
'thilbert was married to Blanca Maria daughter to Galeacius Duke of Mil/an
being both young and of the farhe age : therefore G^/e^r/«f undertook the tui-
tion of his young fon in law , which he performed carefully , and with great
commendations, mfy'ight of Johannes hudovicus Bifhop of Ge«e»<i theChilds
Uncle,
35(5 The Second ^ art of the Book. VI.
JnXhrifti. Uncle, who by finiftrous ends endeavoured to get him into his cuftody ^ but
v.'*^^'''"^-' GJcactus by a plot feized upon this turbulent Bifhop at Vercellk , and fent him
prifoner to Turin , fo the Childe efcaped this danger , which the year after he
could not avoid : for having made a journey to fee Charles the eighth of
France , his Uncles fon at Lions, he fell fuddenly fick, not without fufpition of
Poyfon given him by fome of the Biftiops friends , and fo died the fourteenth
148 I. year of his age, and thetenthofhis Principality, tothegreat grief of his
people i, for he was a young Prince of great hopes , and of a fweet difpofition.
A blaling Star about that time prefaged this fatality.
To rhilbert fucceeded his brother Charles the firft, the fifth Duke of lO
Savoy ^ a young Prince no lefle eminent in vertues and naturall endow-
ments then any of his predeceflbrs •-, but in the flower of his age and fortunes,
having fcarce been Duke feven years, he was taken away by untimely
J , g g death : It was fufpefted that Lewis Marquefle of SaluJJes had fecret-
' ly caufed him to be poyfoned , becaufe he had got a great vidory over
him i for the Marquefle refufed to doe the homage due from him according
to the cuftome of his predeceflbrs to the Dukes of Savoy , therefore Duke
Charles made war upon him , overthrew his Army , and confifcated his
whole eftate as a Rebel; but three years after (c^<ir/ex being now dead) he
recovers by the Duke of MiUans means his eftate again. This young Prince ^^^
alfofubduedthe Gahiens ^ a people inhabiting the Alpes of Lignria: he left
behinde him one fon called Charles the fecond , or Johannes Caroluf^ being yet
fcarce one year old ; hhmothex Blanca , becaufe ofthe Dukes infancy, retain-
ed the government oi Savoy , to the great content of the people 5 for ftie
was a vigilant, milde, and juft Princefle , whofe chief care was to breed her
fonne in vertue and piety , therefore fufFered none to converfe with him
in his minority, butluchas were eminently pious and prudent, knowing
how dangerous it is for young Princes, being yet but tender plants, apt to
receive any impreflion, to be ill feafoned, and how prone they are by na-
ture to drink in the poyfon of eviil counfell. About this time Charles the 3*^
1494. eighth of France undertook his Expedition into Apulia^ againft the king-
dome.of N^/'/e/ ; as he was pafllng through Savoy , Blanca in her beft equipage
met him, and prefented him with a goodly Horfe, which did him great fer-
viceinthat war, and carried him out of many dangers ; ftie beftowed alfo
upon him towards his charges great fummes of gold and filver. The year
after Duke Charles died, the (eventh year of his Dukedome.
To hiin fucceeded Thlip Earl o^BreJa, and governour of the Delphinat un-
I AQ 5. derKmg Charles-^ this was a wife man, whole counfell Blanca alwayes fol-
lowed. He was the fon of Leir/f, and grandchilde to Amadeus the eighth Duke
oi Savoy \ being now aged , he accepts the government of the Putchy 5 he 4*^
had been alwayes a great warriour and a wife counfellour , and very inward
with the French King, who made him knight of the order of Saint Michael^
and great Steward oiY ranee : having governed this Dutchy one year and fix
months, he died at C<?OTer7«;f»/, and left for his fiicceflTor his fon rhilbert the
I 4. Q 7. fecond, firnamed the Faire 5 he was bred in the Court of King Letok of France,
with his fon C/)^r/e/ the eighth, for Lewff had married his Aunt Carola: he
waited on King Charles in the Neapolitan war; he ruled his people with
great moderation and wifdome ; he afllfted King Lewk the twelfth in the
wars oiMiUan with two hundred Couriflers, whileft as yet he was but young.
When Thdip Arch-Duke of y4«/?m returned out olspam^ and was come to 5©
L/^?///, where peace is concluded between the Fre«r/» and .9/><i7»4r<5//, between
C(ejar and the Arch- Duke, and their confederates , He went to vifit Margaret
I 5 Q o. his Sifter, wife to this r/»i//'erf, by them both he was entertained fumptuoufly
as he was returning to the Netherlands. At laftthis Philbert died, the twenty
fifth year of his age, about the fixth year of his government ; this year where-
in he died was fatal to multitudes of people , by reafbn of the great infedion
of
Chap.5. Uiflory of the World, 35^
of the aire ; this was a rich prince , for befides the dominions and revenues of^».ChriJir.
hisPredeceilbrs, he added a yearly revenue of twelve thouilmd Ducats , paid V«-'''"V^>*i
hiin by the Millanoif : His vertuous vi'ife Margaret ereftcd a Chappel after his
deathj in which (he entomb'd him. His fuccelTor was Charles the third , bro-
ther to rhilkrt by the father, but not by the mother, Which was the occaficn of
great wars afterward.
Chap. VI.
The Uelvethn Hjjiorjij from the beginning till theyear i^2l.
THe Svpjtzers in the Romans time were a warlike people , which they
(hewed by the overthrow they gave to L. Cajjiuf the Conful, they inten-
ded to have forfakeii their country,and to feat themfelves elfwhere^ but
Cafar then being Proconful of France, puts a ftop to their proceedings,by hew-
ing down the Bridge ofCeneva^aad rai(ingaFort between the Lake and Mount
"jura ; firfV, by intreaties, then by their ftrength , they (trove to move C<efar for
apaflage;, but when they faw they were ftill defeated by the Rowans ^^ they
caft themfelves atC^fars feet^who upon delivery of PledgejjCommanded them
to return home, and rebuild their demolifhed Cities, which they didjand lived
2Q afterward in obedience,and within their own borders, till the commitig of the
Sarazeas into Italj ^ then their aid was delired by the Popc(as we have already
faidj which was a(rented to, conditionally they might freely enjoy their lav^^s
and anticnt cuftomes : To this the Pope willingly condefcended , and withall
I fent them a red Banner with the Crucifix on it , in token of their valour and
good fervice againft the Sarazens. After this they lived quietly at home, imi-
ploying themfelves in Husbandry, untill fuch time as their Nobility began to
tyrannize 6ver them 5 then being confcious of their antient valour and conti-
nued liberty.made refiftance. About the year 1 300.the Counts of Jufpurge(a(-
terward Dukes) had placed a debauched Gentleman in one of their Caftles of 1300;
jSq t/V4»74 in F^/^ree/, who having done divers infolt^ncies , and ravilhed a young
Lady, was by her two brothers (lain. The Count ofTeriftg to doe juftice on the
murthererSjWas refifted by the people, who overthrew three of his Caftles iti
one day, and flew divers of his Officers. The Vndcrwaldians by thi^ example
were animated to the like outrage, complaining alfo of their Nobility : Here-
upon the Suavi with thofe ofVro, Zurich and VndervaU^ entred into confede-
racy : the Nobility, to fupprefle in time this increa(ing power, raifeallthe
forces they can, but with ill fucce(re '-, LeopohlDuke ofjujiria was defeated by
them, and fo not long after was Charles Duke of Burgundy : Thus for their va-
lour they were courted by divers Princes,chiefly by the French^fox whom they
.Q did good fervice againft the Spaniard^ both in Italy and France t, (ince Lems 1 1. '
they have been penfioners to that Crown, receiving yearly thence forty thou-
fand FlorenS, twenty thoufand to the Cities, and twenty thoufand to particu-
lar pcr/bns. - Thefe Cantons are now fo divided , that eight of them are of the
Catholick Faith, and in penfion with the King of Spain , the other five are of
the Protertant Religion, and ferve the f rcwf^King •■> who when he dcmandeth
any forces,they call a Diet at the kings charges,who alfo defraieth the fouldiers
wages. Albert uf of Au fir i a had many bickerings with the ^zr/Zz-erx, after they
had Cantonized themfelves, and was preparing a great army againft thenfi,
but being murthered by fome afl'affinates, and his children bufie in revenging
CQ his death, there was nothing afted againft the Srpitzers. Henry the feventh
of Lutrelburg who fucceeded , confirmedthe priviledges of the three Cantons,
who were fo vigilant to prevent the plots of Alhertm his fons, that they could
do them no hurt. Thefe three had firft made a league for ten years, but upon a 121 5;
great viftoryoA'er their enemies, they made a perpetual league, with which
tlicy acquajntedLtfR'/i' the Emperour by their A gents,and with their late vifto-
ry : Upo'n this, in a Diet at Norinherg^ the Princes of Aufiria are condemned of
treafon,& tlieir whole eftate thfey had in thefe Helvetian Cantons ate confifcated
$ C to
J58 T^he Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Chriflj. to the Emperour, and the Cantons liberties confirmed , and then they fwear
WV'>^ homage to him , who fent '^ohn Albergiut to be their govcrnour : he promifed
to defend them from the power 8c claim o^Aujiria. , and that they (hould have
their own Courts of Judicature in their own Country ,both in civil and crimi-
nal caufes. The ^w^r/rfwj having received fo great an overthrow by the ^n?//-
z,ers , and finding the Emperour raifing war againfl: them, they were forced to
make a Truce with thefe Cantons , whom fhortly after the Pope and Bifhop of
Conjiattce excommunicated ; and Frederick^of Aujiria^who named himfelf Em-
perourjprofcribed them : but by command from Ludovickshe Emperour, they
12 2 7. were abfolved by the Arch-bi(hop oiMent%. The Pope having exeommuni- lo
cated Ludovick^ the Switzers make a league with thofe Cities of the Empire
which ftood for Lndovick^ againfl: Frcderkkoii Aujiria , and upon this, Lucerftx
an ancient City upon the river Rufa,etitered into league with the three Cantons^
which highly difpleafed the Aujirians^ under whofe jurifdidion hitherto this
,City hadbeen : In it were divers Citizens that favoured the Aujirians , thefe
had plotted to let in the Anfirian horfe by night, but the vigilancy of the other
party difcovered and prevented the plot : divers skirmifhes the Lncemans had
.after this with the /4«/?rw«/, in which thefe were ftill worfted , who feeing
I they could doe no good with open hoftility, fall to perfwade the Townfmen
• to break off their league with the three Cantons , fhewing there was more help 20
to be had from a Prince fo potent and neer, then could be expected frotti thefe
towns. Butwhenthisway they could doe no good, they refolve to murther
I the chief abettors of the Canton League^ a folemn Oath is taken by the plotters,
and they wore a badge of red upon their fleeves to be known by ; the maflacre
was to be afted the 29 of June , but was difcovered by a Boy that very night it
flbould have been put in execution, for being afTembled in the dark , the Boy
palling by, over-heard their difcourfe , and that they were to kill the Watch,
and open the Gates to an Army of Horfe,that came to affift them : the Boy ac-
quaints fome Butchers with this, who were making merry together ^ they in-
form the Magiftrates, who fudenly with a ftrong guard feife upon the plotters; 30
a meflenger is fent to the three C<t«f<'«J for aid, who difpatch 300 fouldiers
for Lucerna, to guard the City 5 the plotters are brought to their iryal, but be-
caufe divers men of quality were among them, the three towns interceded for
them, who folemnly fware, never to fl:ir againfl the He/wf/^w League : It was
alfo orderedjuo clandeflin conventicles or private oaths fhould be hereafter in
that City . About this time,the Aujirians were reconciled to Frederickjthe Em-
perour, to whom they complain againft the confederate Cantons ^ thefe excufe
their revolt, as being thereto necefiitated : at lafV, C^far orders that the Cities
of TjgtirKm,Berne^ and Bajil^ fhould makepeace between them, who by their
1334. Legats made a Truce of thirty moneths , which after this was renewed : fome 40
Jioftilities were afted during this time , but no open war, till Tigurmt confede-
rated with thefe Cantons , and fhortly after Ber»,with fome other towns.
TigHrnntzt fiiii adhered to Frederichjo^ Anfiria^a^iu^ Ludovickjoi Bavaria^
but after fell ofFto Ludovick^ when the other had refigned the Empire for a
great fum of mony,for payment of whichT/gwrwAw with three other towns were
pawned by Ludovick, The 1 igurans to free themfelves , promife to be no lefTc
taithfuU to the Bavarian, then they were to the Aitjirian : this fo offended the
Aujirians and the Pope, that the town was excommunicated,and continued fo
18 years together, the Priefts having forfaken it , with the Monks, onely the
Francifcans went out at one gate, and entred at the other : In the mean while, 50
they take and demolifh fome Caflles that annoyed them 5 and the year after
they alter their form of government, choofing i?. chief men , and 12 inferiour
Magiflrates under them,to rule their City,which occafioned much trouble 5 for
the Commons difliked their government^ and accufed them of oppreffion and
briberies^ wherefore fome of them being guilty, fled out of the Cityj
others laid down their offices 5 thefe were fined and banillied for fome
time J and Magiflrates chofen out of each Tribe. And becaufe the town
RaferfviU
Cmp.6. Hiftory of the If^orld. 355J
Rapcrfvila. wlio had a harbour for all Tigm-in fugitives , who there being but Aij.chriftj.
twenty miles diftant, did much annoy the Magillratesof 77^«n/w, therefore L/^/'^W
theyraife an Army and lay fiege to Raperfvila^ which they were forced to
raife again^ becaufe their provifion failed , and hearing that the Earl of Hahef-
furg a great Patron of the fugitives was gone to Grmovhim a Caf ile at the
head of the T7^//m/lake, they haftened thither under the conduct of Earle
Toggius'-i in the firft encounter the T/^riw/ were worfted, and T<)g^/^ taken
piifoner; but after they had better manned and fitted their (hips , they fell
again upon the enemy, and gave them a great defeat, in which Earle H/i/»e/-
^^rg was flain, with divers Gentlemen^ in revenge of whofe death, T(?^_g//^ at
Raperfvil is cut inpeeces : the next year a peace was conchideded between '3 37^
the Tigitritts and the enemy, that the baniflied Citizens fhould pay fix hundred
marks of filver , and Ihould continue in exile five years ; but this peace held
not longj for the baniflied performed not the Articles , therefore by the Em-
perours leave, their houfes and eftates are confifcate^ the year after, by the me-
diation of Agnes Queen of Hntigary ^ daughter of Albert l. of Aujiria , the
peace is renewed , but foon after broken , becaufe divers of the Nobility of
G'erw./»>' difliking the T;^«r/« popular government , affifted and encouraged
the banifhed Citizens, therefore the Tigwins to make themfelves the ftronger
20 niade a league with the Citizens o£ Conjhntia and S. G^//, as Hkewife with
theBiOiopand City o£ Bajtl^ they madfe alfo divers Knights of the Rhodes
free of their City, to indeer the Nobility more to them , becaufe moftof that
Order were Gentlemen 5 this much difheartned the exiles who defpair-
ing now to recover the City by ftrength , plot with Earle Habefpurg ( his
fon whom the Tignrins flew not long before) and fome other of the Nobility,
and with thofe of their own faftion within the Town ^ and fuch as were dif-
contented, and^delighted in innovation , to furprife fuddenly the Conful and
his adherents in the night, and fo to feife on the Cityj but the plot was difco-
vered the fame night it (hould have been afted, by a fervant which acquainted
2Q the Conful 5 whereupon prefently the great Bell of the City is rung out, a
fign alwayes of danger, the people ran prefently to Arms , great execution is
made, partly with weapons, partly with ftones and bricks upon the houfes,the
Butchers with their axes did good fervice, in memory of which a brazen Lion
as a badge of their valour is beftowed on them 5 this they ufed afterward in
their anual folemnity to carry about the ftreets.
The Inhabitants of the leiTer Town upon the left fide of the Riverjfought
ftoutlyagainft the enemy upon the bridge, which they had prepoffelicd by
means of a Filher-man who difcovered the plot to them ; this Fifiier-man
carried fome of the plotters in his boat , and having overheard a whifpering
AQ that they meant to kill him left he fhould betray them , overturned the boat
and fo left them in the River , he got on fliore and alarms the people ^ the
enemies after a hot difpute were worfted^ fifteen of them were flain,^/. takeil,
among whom was Earle Habefpurg^ the reft by means of the darknefs efcaped,
the dead bodies were kicked and trod upon three dayes together 5 the day
after, feventeen of the prime plotters were broken on the wheel , fome be-
headed , the Earl was imprifoned , and his Army without the Town in fear
and confufion ran home. Shortly after the Conful Brn/tius with an Anny bc-
liegeth Raperpvil,the neft and harbour of the plotters, the Town on the third
day yeelded, fome of the plotters in it were killed, fome efcaped^ the Townf-
50 men fwear the fame fealty to T7^«r«»/,which they ufed to give to their Earl :
after this they fall upon Marchia the Earls Country with fire andfwonl, fo
that the Inhabitants were forced to fwear fealty to the Tignrins:) but when
they heard that^lbert o^AuJiria.'Wzs raifing forces to aid the Habefpnrgians^znd
to keep their Rendcvouz at Raperfvil^ they burn the Town to the ground.
Some Towus of Alfatia made league with Frederick^ of Anjlria. againft the
Jigitrins^ who had taken an hundred and feventy Townfmen of that Country
S f 2 prifonersi
'^ The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Cbrifii. prifoners, the Alfatians to recover their prifoners raifed an Army by the
'-'<^^'"V^^^ help of their neighbours, the lignrins wifely declined this war , being already
exhdufted, and therefore reftored the prifoners : After this the T/g^^nw/ fend
a petition to Charles the 4. Emperour, complaining of the wrongs done them
by Earl Habefpttrg and his confederates j, excufing their own aftions , (hewing
their innoccncy^ and defiring his afliftance for the maintenance of their liber-
ty , being willing to fubmit to his Imperial commands, if fobe the Aujirian
would be quiet •-, the Emperour anfwers that he would endeavour to pacific
the Aujivi.itt, and their other enemies , but could not force them , being their
power was greater then his, therefore wifhes them to ufe fome moderate jq
tranfaftion with their enemies 5 upon this the Tigurins fend Legats with pre-
lents to Albert of Anftria , who at firft gave them good words , but at the
fecond meeting was rough with them, being incenfed by the Nobility , accu-
fing them for deftroying both the old and new Raperfvil, for wafting Marchix
which belonged to him as fupremeLord, therefore wifties them to reftore
what they had taken , to rebuild what they had demolifhed , and to make pe-
cuniary fatisfaftion for what they had wafted, and fo he would pardon them ^
the Legats rcpliedjthat their City had fufFered much wrong by thefe places in
harbouring and aiding the fugitives and rebels,therefore they humbly befeech
him, that he would not urge them to fuch inconveniences 5 the Prince in 20
anger told them,that if the Jigttrms did not make reparation for thefe wrongs
willingly.jthey ftiould be forced to do it.
The 77^Mr/wJunderftanding by their Legats the Princes refolution; of his
forces now raifing, of their great danger and weaknefs, and that there was no
hope of help from C<efar 5 they refolve to enter into a confederacy with the
Wt'/w/7rf« Towns, feeing they all had the fame common enemy the AHJirian
and lignrum , by reafon of the Lake hiy fo fit for commerce with thl^
J 3 5 I • Towns'^ upon this Legats are fent who are kindly entertained,'and the league
ratified , in which the firft place in all publike aftions is given to Tigurmfi^
though it was the fifth that entered into the Hf/wfw« league , becaufe of the 3^
dignity of that City : The report of this new league, hafteneth on the Au-
firtan to befiege the Town , fearing left by their example more Towns would
combine ngainft him, therefore with an Army of 200. horfe, and 20000. foot,
he fits down before the City 3 which thefour confederate Towns had fuffici-
ently manned and filled with provifion, after fome light vifitations, they came
to a parly by the mediation of fome friends, in which it was agreed they both
lliould refer their caufe to the Qntcn o^ Hungary ^ this was not liked by the
four confederate Towns, becaufe the Queen was the AHJirians fifter , yet the
'Iigurhts confiding in her integrity, perfwaded the four Towns to aflent,
which was done, and pledges given by the City 5 with the Qiieen are joyned 40
two Aifeflbrs or Judges, thefe gave fentence in behalf of the /^»/?r/i?«,wi{hing
tlie Trgttrw! to give him fatisfaftion for his lofles, they alfo laid fines upon the
other confederate Towns for revolting from Aujiria : this fentence was rati-
fied by Queen Agnes , the Smtzers promife to ftand to the verdift , though it
was unjuft , but the Duke not content with this, demands 'John of Habefpurg
of the 'tigunns without ranfome, which was denied by them, wherefore
againft his promife he imprifons the Tignrin hoftages, and renews the war.
The Sivitzcrs finding no hope of peace , refolve with joynt forces to feife
upon Glarona a Town and valley of twelve miles in ]ength,encompafl'ed wkh
the Alpes except in one place, which after this expedition was fortified with 50
a wall and trench : the people here being weary of the Anflnan government,
fubmit thcmfelves without refiftance to the confederate Towns, and fwear to
be firm in their league with them ; mean while the Jignrins fend an Army a-
gainft j^cula a garrifon of the Aujlr/ans, which had done them much hurt, they
fire the Suburbs 5 and plunder the Country thereabout^ but as they were re-
turning with the booty, they were encountred by 4000. Aujiriaus ^ whom
they
Chap.6. Kfiory of the J'Torld, 36'!
they ovei threw.being theinfelves not above i ^co.ftrongjthey flew yoo.cf the Jn.chrijifi
enemy. The next year the y^////>7./« in hope to rtcovev GLirona , is defeated ^^■^'^'^'''''^^J'
by the Inhabitants, the like fuccefs he had in Snitia-^ divers places on both
fides are fpoiled : about this time alfo the City of Tk^/wz?/ made league with
the Sivifz^crs : this Town ftands between the TV^wm;/ and 5«7^/^wi, and ufed
to do them much hurt s at laft being weary of the Jnjinan government,after
fifteen dayes liege furrendered , conditionally fwearingthat if the yJuJhiatz
within lb many dayesfhould fend relief, they might return again to his obe-
dience, therefore they fend to the Duke for help, but the Legats found him
10 more careful in providing food for his hawks, then aid fbr his peop>le , there-
fore having obtained his good will to furrender the Town to the Switzers,
they made league with them : prefently upon this T/^/zrHw is befieged again
by the ^ nj in Of ii, but a month after by the Marquefs o£ Brandcburgs means a
peace is made on thefe Articles , That John of Habefpitrg now three years i
prifonerfhou'dbereleafed without ranfome, and that the Attjinan Ihould
freely difmifTe the imprifoned hofbagesj that Glarona and Tughtm fhould be re-
leafed from their oath, and return to the obedience of Jufiria^ in other things
the 5'TP/^cerx league fhould ftand : Ha bej pur gi us is releafed without ranfomej
but fo were not the hoftages, who were forced to pay 1 6co. crowns; Raperfvil
30 is fortified with a garrifon which invaded the T/^wnw Teritories , and killed
fifty of their men; this bred a new war, Ttigium is again taken by the Sivitzers^
and Bern fides v\ ith them.
Bent built by Berchtold Ekike of Zermgia.^ who meeting with a Bear in that
place, called it Bern in Dutch •-, this City he bellowed upon the Empire , which
Frederick the 2.Emperour endowed with divers priviledges ; afterward it be-
ing opprefled by Earl Kyburgim , it took the Earl of Savoy for its protedor ;
he rellored to this City her former liberty for the good fervice the Beruats had
done the ^^ra(y^» againft the Burgmidian : After this they had divers wars
with Godofrid and Rodolph of Habeffrirg^ with the Tw'kJfi Aujirians^and others
2Q of their neigbours, they beat the Vf/derrvalds in a battel : afterward they both
made a league with the confederate Towns of ^jv/^zier/^rw^, upon which T/-
^';/r«OT is the third time belieged by Charles the 4. Emperour, and Albert of
Attjiria : the Jignrim petition cLxrles that he would not perfecute them
being an Imperial City , defiring nothing but the confervation of their
liberties, and willing to yeeld to any reafonable demands ; Charles w^on this
deals with the Anflrian for an accord , which being by him refufed , the fiege
was raifed without doing any thing, and five years after peace was coricluded
between the ;^;//fr/4« and Tz_^m«/, on thefe A iticles : i. That reftitution be
made on both fides. 2. That none oi the. Aufiri an fubjefts be made free of
At^Ti^tmwi. 3. That none meddle with the Fee-lands of others. 4. That the
Tigitrins hereafter make no leagues with the AJtjirian fubjefts. 5. That the
Srojtzers injoy their own confederacies. Some controvcrfies after this -arolei
about Tugvtm -whethex that was the Aitjirians^ or included within the Siritzers
confederacie : C^^zr/e-f his opinion was, thatT«^/«»/ was not in the confede-
racie, the -Sa?//" were of the contrary minde-, the matter was long debated, at
laft a Truce of a 11. years was made, during which time, Tugitim and Giirona.
remained in the We/w^wK league , yet they yeelded fubjeftion and fealty to
the Auftrian^ who placed governours over them yearly >, this Truce was con-
tinued for more years after : Albert being dead, his fon Leopold who hated the
50 Switzersy and durft not himfelf make war, fet the Englrfi oi Angles upon them^
thefe wafted both the Anjirian and Helvetian Territories , but were at length
beaten and driven home : After this Earl Kyburgiusxtxade war upon Berm^ 127 6-
, but being worfted, was glad to make his peace with him. Some yeafs after
the Aufirian fell out with the Luceraatf, and hanged their Legats which 'they
fent for reparation of wrongs done by the Governours; upon this they de-
fire the help of the confederate Towns, who joyning their forces, feife
upon
3(5i The Second Van of the Book.VL
Jft.Chrifti. upon Rottcnbtirg belonging to the Jujlrian , and deinolifh the walls and forts
*^/^'\r>tJ thereof.
1285. The Aujlrian Governours willing to fi(h in troubled waters , forced the
confederate 5n'//z,erj- to rife again in Aims, for great maflacresand outrages
committed upon fome neighbouring Towns and Caftles of the Confederates^
a great battel is fought, in which Duke Leopold fon to Albert is flain, and with
him 6j6. of his Gentry •-, the Helvetians elated with this viftory, fall upon the
enemies Forts and Caftles, divers of which they demolifh , and take fome of
their Towns^ upon this a Truce is made for one year, which being ended, the
jiujlrian with 8000. men falls upon the Helvetian Territories with fire and 10
fword, but were by the Confederates again defeated , who flew 2000. of the
enemy,befides 500. that were drowned in the River , the bridge over which
they were flying being broke down with their weight^after this fight ihe Con-
federates took divers Towns and Forts from the y^«/?rM« .• atlafta Truce of
feven years was concluded, which was afterwards continued for twenty years^
and at laft a peace of fifty years was agreed upon. The Abbot of S. Gall made
wars upon Abbatifcella , a Town under his jurifdiftion , now one of the con-
^ ' federate Towns of Switzerland : the controverfies between the Abbot and
the Town, were often debated, but at laft tried by the fword , the Abbot was
overthrown 5 upon this the ^///?m« takes his part, but ftill the Town pre- 20
vailed, and made a league with the Smtii ^ who took in divers Towns and
Forts j at length the Abbot was fain to fue for peace, and leave the Townf-
men to enjoy their liberty. Seven years after this war , the Anftrians and
Helvetians renew their old quarrels, and withall the wars; iox Frederick^ oi
Atijiriahnv'mg convened Pope 'john22. from the Councel of Conjiance, he
was profcribed by the Emperour, and excommunicated by the Councel:
hereupon the Confederates are by the Emperour and Councel abfolved from
their oath , and willed to break off the fifty years peace. Verbigenum^ Bada,
and fome other places of Anjlria were taken by the Sroitzers.
1 4.2 '^. In the year 1422. the .S'jr/Zz.frx fent an Army over the Alpes to recover the 3^
Town Lepontiiim taken from them by the Duke of Millan j fothey did
in the year 1425. and the year after, but could not recover the Town,
J 2 6. >'^^ *^^^y ^^'^f'^^'^ the vallies belonging to the Duke. In the year 1456. a grie-
vous Civil war by the ^j/Jir/ans procurement arofe among the Ajjjzfz.erj, firft
between T7g7nv///i! and 6'«/; ;«///, this was affifted by the Confederates: but in
1444. *^^ y^^^ 1444* ^^^^ memorable battel was fought near Ba^l between the
Frcftchundtr the Dolphin, afterward Lervis the 11. and the SrvitZjers^ who
beat the French that came to raife the Councel of Bajil, as wehavefaid:
J 1 iTQ. after this a peace is made. Not long after, the /^///?r;(?« war followed againft
*^ Duke Sigjjhund^ whom Pope f/^ excommunicated , and ftirred up the 4*^
Srvit%ers againft him; but after many skirmifhes, by the means of Ludovic of
1 A 6 o ■^•^^''^''w, a peace is concluded , and fix years after the Duke of MiUan makes
. \(.l peace with the 5n7/z,crj-s, two years after this , the Attjirian war is renewed,
77/ ■ 3nd eight years after began the Burgundian war, which continued three years,
, .-jy and ended Vv'ith the death of the Duke : this war was caufed by the Aujlrian^
^ foxSigifmitnd'Dwkeoi Anjiria^ being forced by badfuccefsto makedifho-
nourable peace with the Helvetians ^ morgageth the lands which he had
near them, to Charles Duke of BHrgundy , a proud and potent Prince in thofe
dayes, purpofely that occafion of quarrels might be given between him and
the Snvtzers^ who fent for a renovation of friendfhip , and the old league be- 50
tween the Fnrgnndian and Svpitzers 5 but Hagenbarms governour under the
hnrgnndtan of thofe morgaged Provinces, hindered the Helvetian Legats from
having accefs to the Duke, befides many affronts were put by him and others
of the Nobility upon the Helvetians ; the people under his government, being
wearied with oppreffion, petition Sigifmundof Anfiria their ancient Lord, to
redeem his lands again , which was obtained eafily from the Duke, being of a
gentle
Chap.^. HiftoryoftheJVorld. ^6j
gentle and eafie nature : but the Burgundian Would not part with the hold Att.Chrifiu
he had of thefe lands , befides that Hagenhachiuf did ftill more and more W''^r>rf
apprefle his people , divers wrongs were done by the Burgnndians to the
Switzers.
In the mean time Len>isii.o£ France^ who hated the BurgH/tdi an , under-
hand ftirs them up againft him, and furhifheth them with mony ^ to this end
he makes a league with them, and by his means alfo Sigifmund is reconciled to
the Sv^itzers -^ Re^atus D\xkc of Lorain, the Cities of Stirasburgh and 5^/;?/, withi
their BifhopS', enter into a league with them , and fo doe many other Towns,
10 Mean while Hagenbachius is taken prifoner , and beheaded , The Atcjirian.
having paid the mony he borrowed, recovers again his lands. In the interim
Charles makes war upon theBiftiop of C<?/e«,claiming a title to that Bi(ho|jrick5
againft him Fredmckthe¥xn^exox raifeth an army,and commands theSwitzen
to hold the Burgundian play at home ^ but no fooner had they entred Burgundy
and defeated the Burgnndians , but the Mjlrian makes peace with the Burgim-;
dian, outof which the He/z/efM«/ were excepted. Upon this, Charles t\xtns all
his forces againft the Confederates , in the firft battel the Duke was beatenj
who a little before had againft his promife hanged the fouldiers in the garifoti
oi Grantf on ^who upon quarter had furrendred to him : In a fecond battel the
20 Duke was again defeated, having loft 26000 men : In the third conflift at
Uancy in Lorain, which was then befieged by the EttrgHudJan^ ( againft wHotri
Rcnatus D.of Lontmwasaflifted by the Helvetians) Charles was killed in the
flight, and fo by his death the war ended. The next year after this Burgundian
war, the Duke diMiUan and the Helvetians fell at odds , about fome wrongs
done by his fubjeds to the inhabitants of the Valley ofLeponHitm -^ in this bat-
tel the Milianois were defeated, but the next year by means of the French kirig
were reconciled to the Smtx.ers^ with whom the fame year Pope Sixttts made
a league, and granted them large indulgences and priviledges. About three
years after this, TigurHm^ Bern, Lucerna,Friburgh,nnd Salodorum taade a private
30 league among themfelves, becaufe in thelaft Burgundian war they thought
they were partially dealt with by their fellows, who took an equal (hare in
the booty, but were not at half the charges and trouble that thefe forenamed
Towns were; At this league the other Towns were offended,flaewing that the
t^ucernatesznditheix fellowes had not povi^er to make a league without the
general confent of 4II the confederates : The matter after much debate is re-
ferred to Nicholas Vndtrvpald an Eremite of great cfteem among themj who
difannulled the new league,and perfwaded them in a free Affembly or Parlia-
ment to end the controverfie, and withal that Friburgh and Salodor (hould be 148 L
received among the Canton towns j and lb by this means there are now ten
40 confederate towns oisvett'ZxrUndM'iA. fo this Commonwealth of ten Cantons
continued for twenty years, till BaJflB<.ScaphttJfHnt, and after thefe AbbatifcellA
were added 5 The former eight, called the old Cantons, had continued before
this addition oiFribnrgh and Salodor, 125 years, fo that all that time the Smt"
%ers commonwealth confifted of eight Cinton-towris only.
iri-T I i«1-n-T,
i* '
Chap.
~^ The Second Van of the Book VI.
An.Chrtjit. ^ t.tt
>,,^r=s/-o^ Chap. VII.
Fi
I
A profecittiott efthe Helvetian Bifiory ^ till the yeare 1 521.
\Ribitr^ was built by Berchtold 4. Duke of Zeringmm^ fome few years be-
fore Fe/*«; after his death, Bern fell to the Empire , and Fr/W^ to the
Earls of Kyburg^ by whom afterward this Town was fold to il^//'/> the
Emperor, and finceit hath continued under the houfe of ^«^?v<ialmoft two
hundred years : yet in the year 1403. being opprefled by the Auftrian Nobi-
lity they made a perpetual league with Bern , but yet continued under the iq
Auftrian dominion : for though the Helvetian Cantons made a league among
themfelves for one anothers aid and fupportation againft their enemies, yet
they did not abridge or abrogate the juft and old rights of their ancient Lords:
this league oiFribitrg with Bern lafted 45 years ^ but afterward in the wars be-
tween ^'t'Z'^/ and Fnhnrg^ theBernatf adhered to the SavoyanSj with whom
they had been a long time in league ; but a year after the war began, the Fri-
biirgers being worfted , were reconciled to Savoy, by the mediation of the
French, Burgundian^Atid Helvetians. The next year after this peace was made,
the Aujirian comes to Frihurg, to fee if he could perfwade them to make war
xxvon Bern ■-) which when he could not do, but perceived that they began to 20
incline to the Helvetian league, and fearing he fhould not long retain them
in his obedience , he fends thither the High-Steward of his houfe, to acquaint
them that he Was to be there (hortly himfelf, therefore all the gold and lilver-
Plate with rich Hangings and other Ornaments, were borrowed of the Townf-
men , to adorn the State-houfe where the Prince was to be entertained : All
this wealth privately the Steward conveyed out of the town , and on the day
named tor the Princes comingjhe with his attendants and chiefeft of the town
went out on borftback to meet him 5 the Prince came not , but fent fome
horfe-men, who having met the Steward and his train, a ftop was made, and a
fpeech by him to theTovvnfmen , fliewing, That fince their afFeftions were 3^
moxe inclined t'O the Bernan and Helvetian league then to their antient Lord,
hfi thought good, to reap fome benefit by them 5 Andfohe departed to the
Prince with his plunder. -Upon this the Fr//7«r_gcrj made a league with Bern,
afidthe ^TT/izuirJ:^ therefore thefe in the Burgundian war fent a garrifon of a
thoufand men to guard Friburg. After which, .J«/Wor entrcd into a confedc-
iXdcveWithiheCantons. ; . : ,■ '
■ y Isalodor,. an antient City, as appears by the-Roman monuments in it, was up-
i, ^s iv oiiithc incurfions of the Huns and Frdncons into France demolifhed 5 but when
the French grew great, this Town- was tebuilt, and placed under the Bifhop of
Geneva -, Under the German Emperors, this hath alwayes been one of the 40
Imperial cities. When L«£:/<?t^if/^the Bavarian, and F>Wcr7f)^the Auftrian were
iojcothpetition for the Empire, Salodor adhered to the Bavarian , whereupon
they were excommunicate by the Pope, and befieged by the Auftrian^ in that
war the Bernats fent them a garrifon of four hundred fouldiers : they had
war alfo with Earl KybHrgins , and were by him defeated : atlaftin the year
1::^ 5 1, they made a perpetual league with Bern-^ there the ^ufirian war being
ended, in \^\i\ch Leopold was flain, they were reconciled to the Auftrians.
Laftly, after the Burgundian war,they were with theFriburgers admitted into
the Helvetian league^after which the Helvetian Army was overthrown by the
1487. jviiUanois upon the Alpes : the next year after they aided Sigifmund Duke of 50
y^«i?r/,z againft the Venetians 5 after this they ferved the French King in his
wars againft the Duke of Britany, z.wd\x\ Italy againft the Neapolitans and
the confederate Italian Princes*
1490. About three years after this,3 Civil war arofe among the Switzers by means
oft he Abbot of S. Gal), who had begun to ercft a new Covent 5 at which the
fubjefts of the Abbot ^verc offended , as fearing that the rdiques of S. Calluf
would
Chap.7. Htflory of the World, 3^f^
would be removed from the place where they had continued fo long^ befides An.chrifih
they doubted the trade of Linnen-cloath which was made there, would be U^~Y">«
tranflated to liofacitm where the new Covenc was begun ; therefore fuddehly
having confpired together, they fall upon the new building, and overthrow
ki at this the Abbot being incenfed , delires the aid of the four Towns which
were in league with him, with whom fome other Towns alfo joyned f, but this
war ended without blood,for the Abbatifcellans made peace with the Sn>itz,ers-j
after this the City of S.a^// being befieged, they alfo made their peace with
the Helvetians, a fine was laid upon the Abbots fubjeds , and fo they were re-
,Q ceived into favour.The laft Aujirian or Suevic war followed,begun hyFrederick^
thcEmperour, butpurfued by his fon Maximilian after his fathers death :
Fredericks had caufea a great league to be made among the Princes, Cities, and
many of the chief Nobility, purpofely to overthrow the Helvetian libgty,
he was the head of this league himfelf : Levris -12. of France^ claiming
title to the Dutchy of Milan , did earneftly defire to be in league with the
Switzers , which they willingly imbraced. All means of accord being triedj
buttonopurpofe, abattel is fought ucslV Conjiantia , in which the Svpitzers
were worfted, but the fight being renewed the fame day they beat their
enemies, and fo they did afterward m eight feveral battels 5 the Auftrians
20 being broken with fo many defeats, at length by the mediation of
Lercfs Sfortia Duke oi Millan , a peace is made, in which the Helvetian
liberty;^and pofleffion of their places taken from the Auftrian is confirmed.
This was the laft great war which they made againft forreign Prince* in de-
fence of their liberty , except that they made againft James Medices Lord of
JlUtjfium.
As foon as the peace was made, Galeacius Vifcount o^ Mill an raifed five
thoufand Smtzers againft the Magiftrates will , who told them they were
bound by league to aid the Fre»c6, but by the help of thefe Sroitzers Duke
Levpk recovered MiUan'-^ yet afterward the Switzcrs not being able to refift the
jjQ great forces of the French before Novaria a Town of no ftrength , they made
their peace and went home 5 Duke Lervk thought to efcape in the habit of an
He/w^/^w common fouldier , buthewasdifcovcredj taken, and carried away
prifoner into Fr^«ce : the fame yeaxVlricus ^ Uuke o^ ff^irtenberg, makes a
league of twelve years with the Sveitzcrs : Afaximlian alfo the Emperour
makes an hereditary peace , or renews rather that which was made before by
his father Duke ^i^/y^^aw^^, wWhtheionr Cantons o^T'igurum, Bern, Vrania,
znd Vttdertvald. The next year after, JJ^^y// and ^r^pAw/^ were taken into the I5oi' '
Helvetian confederacie , both thefe Cities are upon the Rhene--, Bitjilh the
biggeft of all the confederate Towns, and very ancient, for we read of it in
Ao Ammtanus Marcdlintis s, it was honoured with divers priviledges by the
German Emperours, alfo with a Biftioprick aud Univerfity^ it firft was in
league with Tigur^ Bern , and the three firft Cantons, in the German troubles
when Ludovic the Bavarian was excommunicated by the Pope 1327. then
afterward with the T/^«n«i- particularly, 1347. When the £«^///Z) plundered
jilfatia. under Leopold o( Aitjiria^and were preparing to befiege Bafil, the Can-
tons fent a ftrong garrifon to defend it, fo that the Englijl) were fain to leave oft
their enterprife, and the rather becaufe Charles ^. was marching with his
Army againft them. In the Aujirian war , which Katherine of Burgundy the
wife of Leopold made againft them, they received aid from Bern and Salodor^
50 dw.1409.Cin the Councel of Brf/?r)with fixteen hundred men they defeated the
whole French Army 5 they aflifted alfo the Svpitzers againft Charles of Bur-
gundjx,h\it in the war beiweenMaximilian and theSw;/z.erj-,B^/ftood neuter,
in which City at laft peace was concluded between the Emperor audSmtzers
hy the mediation o£ Lerp is Alaria Uukeo^ Mantua •-, in fine, being hated and
wronged by the ^///?r74M , and the Nobility, they made a perpetual league
with the Svpitzers^ anno i 501. Scaphuja fo called from Scapha a boat^
T t becaufe
:^66 T'he Second Tan of the Bo ok VI.
Jn.Chrifii.hecauk the boats that come from the hkeo^ Cof;Jf .wee along the Rhene,do
w^^VN-' unload here, by reafon of the great precipice of the River from high rocks^
the Town rcceivcth by this means great cuftomes : at firftthe Abbot of that
place was the chief governour 3 afterward obtaining divers priviledgei from
the Emperours, they (hook off the Abbots power, but it was fold afterward
by Lerpk o^ Bavaria to the Aujirian^ under whom it reinaincd eighty five years,
till the Councel of Cottjiance^ where Frederick^ of Auftria for conveying away
Y>opejohn 22. wasprofcribedby-S/^7yw««itheEmperour, and his elbte con-
fifcated , and fo this Town was added to the Empire ; afterward Frederick, 3.
of the ^///?rw« family 5 being Emperour, bellowed it upon Duke Sigifmund \o
of Aiifiria^ who fent his Legats to take the oath of Allegiance to the Ji/Jirian,
which they refufed , except they might retain their priviledgcs^ this would
not be granted 5 whereupon they made a league with the 5'3r//z.frr, an. 1454.
which they conftantlyobferved after, wherefore they were divers times af-
faulted and molefted by the Atijlrian , and at lalt proscribed for aflifting the
Helvetians againft Sigij'mund of Aujlria^ by the command of Pope Pius , but
they were afterward releafed from this profcription at the Auftrians charges :
About the year 1479. the league between the Smtzers and ScaphitJ/a was re-
newed for 25. years, in which the ^V;/ and Vnderwaldms were comprehen-
ded : At lafi: having affifted the Helvetians both in the Burgiindian and Suevian 20
war, a league betv/een them and the w.Cantons is concluded for ever,^j;M $01.
After the Stp//::^^?"/ had made a league with France, theyaffiOed Charles 2.
and terpjs in the Neapolitan wars, which proved unfortunate to FJelvetia--, for in
the firft: war they loft their health, being infefted with the Neapolitan difeafe
or French pox , and in the fecond they loft their lives by the fword of the
enemy, who in two great battels overthrew them. An. 1 507. they aflifted the
Frc«r/j agaiuft the Ligiirians, and refufed to aid the Emperour Maximilian
againfc the trctich. An. 1 509. they aided the French in the confederacy they
made with Spain.^o^t 'Jitli/0 and the Emperor,againft the Venetians. The next
year after. Pope j'«///«' 2. made a league with the Srcitzers^'who fent him 6000. 30
men into Italy againft theDukeof Ferrana^ who had feifed on fome Church-
lands , but indeed his aim was to drive the French out of Mil/an , which the
Siri!Z,ers perceiving forfook the Pope, and returned home without their pay ;
next year 1511.3 perpetual league is made between the5n'7^xerr,and the houfes
oi Aiijir:azr\A Burgundy :, the Fre«r/) upon the expiration of their league de-
fired to renew it again with the Srvitzers , who were unwilling becaufe they
feared the Popes anger, for the French then were his enemies 5 befides,the
French had refufed to continue the SrP7tzers pay , after the league was ex-
pired 5 they drowned alfo the Suitens Poft with his letters , and fold in open
IVJarket the Cantons Badge, which the Pofts ufe to wear. 40
The French having beaten Pope Julius at Ravenna, the Srvitzers fend into
Italy for his aid twenty thoufand men, who joyning with the Venetians (then
reconciled to the Pope)took Cremona and Ticinum^ and drove the French quite
owtoi Millan , fo that they had nothing left them but the Caftle^ upon this.
Pope ^r'';us honours the Srvitzers with the title of [^Defenders of the Church:']
Then fviit to them Banners adorned with certain Images, with a fword and
Cap of maintenance, the Enligns of liberty : Maximilian Sfortia by them
being leftored to hi? fathers dominion, makes a league with them , and with-
all beftowsonthem Zl«^?^w<7, Locame, Mendrife, andthevalley of .^/^^/V^ he
gave -alfo to the Confederate Rheti or Grijons the Val-Telin^ or toUurenc. ^o
Charles alfo Duke of Savoy , whofe Anceftors had made a private league with
fome of the Cantons^ makes now a new league for five and twenty years , with
the twelve C-jw/fwx : The Frf;?cA alfo defired their amity, which was refufed,
becaufe they kept ftill the Caftle of Millan, and were found to corrupt fome of
them with bribes ; wherefore the f>*f»f/> Legats are commanded to depart out
cf their Territories ; Hence the war is renewed , the trench befiege sfortia in
Novaria
Chap.7. Hiflory of the JVorld. ~~'^'^ 3^7^
tlovaria with a great Army, in which Town were four thoufand Srvitzers^ and An.chrijii.
eight thoufand more were fent to them j thefe obtained a great vidtory over L/'V^,*
the Fnurh, whom they drove out of Italy ^ in this battel fourteen hundred
Sivitz^ers were loft : after this vidory Maximilian Emperour falling off from
the French Covenant, raifcd an Army of fixteen thoufand Sivitzers with
whom as many more voluntaries joyned, thefe were conduced into Bur-
gundy againft the French^ to them C^far added fome Regiments of horfe under
the Prince of Wirtenberge ^ thefe befieged Divio or Biion , the capital C^y of
Hurguttdy-) Trimonil the Governour not being able to hold out, made his peace
10 with the Swit%ers on thefe conditions , that the King fhould quit his claim tp
the Dutchy oi Mil/an, and (houldat certain times pay them fix hundred
thoufand crowns ^ for performance of this four Noblemen are given fqr
Hoftages, yet the King would not ratifiethis agreement, becaufe he would
aot part with his claim to Millan '-, whereupon the Srvitzers refolve to put the
Hoftages to death, if the King did not the fooner confirm the agreement, and
withall intended the next winter to invade Fr^wce 5 the King upon this fends
Legats to conclude a perpetual peace with the ^irifaer/ , but the Kings con-
ditions were fo unjeafonable that nothing was done5fa,ve onely that he gained
time,and hindred the invafion of France : in thefe meetings AbbatiJcelU or
JO ■^i'/'t'*^^^ was added as the thirteenth C<z«f<?».
Jbbatifcella is the name of the Country, and chief Town thereof; the
Country is feated above the Town of S. Gall , among high mountains upoa
the frontiers of the Gr(p«x, it hath eight principal Towns or Pari{hes,thp
chief is Jbbatifcella , that is the Abbots Cel or Chamber; for the Abbots of
S. Gall, Lords of this Countryjmade their chief refidence in this Town : thefp
of Apfenzel made themfelves free fiift by the fword , then by their money tO
the Abbot; they had feven years war with C««t? Abbot of S.G^//, who was
aided by the Inhabitants about the hkc Jcronium or o{ Conjiance ^ asalfo by
Frederick^ Duke of Anjiria , the Biftiop of Conjlance , the Earl of PVirtenberg^
2Q with divers others of the Nobility : thefe were defeated by Jppetizel, which
at laft the Inhabitants of S. Gall affifted againft the Abbot ; they took five
Towns, and above fixty Caftles, fome of which they demolifhed ; in this war
the Jbhatifcellans joyned league with the Helvetians : at laft Rupert the Em;
pcrour made peace between the Abhatifcillans and their enemies, at Conjiance^
rf«. 1408. after which they became a Commonwealth, the form whereof
they retain till this day; before this every Town had their peculiar Enfign,and
A ffembly or Parliament , now they have but one Enfign , andone Aflembly
for all. Three years after this peacCjthe Abbot of S. Gall began to trouble the
Jppenzellians with new procefs , whereupon they make a league with fix of
AQ ihe Cantons :, therefore upon complaint made by the Abbot, they arepro-
fcribed by the Emperour , and excommunicated by the Pope, for which they
cared not, being naturally fenced with mountainSjand having little commerce
with ftrangers ; the Priefts that refufed to do their office, in obedience to the
Popes command, were fome baniftied , and fome put to death by them. The
Abbot complains again to the Imperial Eleftors , who wrote letters to the
German Princes,and Helvetian Cantons^to force the Jppenzellians to their duty:
xheSrcitzers utterly refufed to make war upon their confederates,but they me-
diated for a peace, which was concluded the fourth year of their excommuni-
cation , after the Earl oiToggenbttrg had defeated them in two feveral battels :
50 this peace held not long, for the Gentry that were their neighbours about the
lake Acronitun, or of Conjiance , intended to invade the Abbutifcellians with
their Cavalry, but they could do no good this way, for the Abbatifcellians
feifed upon Rineck^^ and the valley of Regufce, 4».I445. the Lords of the(e 1445,
places got them again to be profcribed, but gaining nothing by this, they fold
them their rights for fix thoufand Crowns : after this an. 1452. they made a 1452.
league with the feven Helvetian Cantons againft the Atijirians^ Burgtmaians^and
Tt 2 the
^ The Second Tan of the ]3ookVT-
An.Chrjjit. the Sneviatts or SitaubeaMs : At laft an.\%i^. ihey were received in the number
*'^<^^'^^'^'"^^ of the Cantons. Now the five laft Cantons, except B^//, were long before
their admiffion into this rank, confederate with the old Cantons 5 and this
priviledge the Cantons have above their confederates , that they can give
their advice and fuffrages in all publikc aflemblies, they govern with equal
authority thofe that are under them j, and are equal fharers in all bcoties got
in the wars.
F^artcff of I'alok fon-in-lawto Letvfs 12. offr<««c^, having fucceeded to that
crown, refolves to profecute the war againft MiUan^ begun by Leivfs. Againft
him MaxtmdianX.\\QExn^txov^Ferdinand¥k\n^of Spain^SfortiaU\.\k.Q of Millart^ j^
with the Sroitzers, enter into a league, to whom was joyned Pope Leo 10.
I 5 I 5« The Srvitzcrs Army confifted of 50000 foot, the French unwilling to en-
counter with them, labour to draw them to a peace, which was eafily obtain-
ed, becaufe they doubted the confederate Princes were not finccre to them,
feeing they received not their promifed pay, befides the Emperor fent not the
horfe to guard the foot, as he was bound to doe , he fufFered alfo divers of the
German foot to ferve the French king ; the Popes and Spanilh armies would
not pafle over P^, nor )oyn themfelves with the Switzers : therefore being
deftitute of help and pay, they made peace with the French, upon which
twelve thouland went home, the reft prepared to follow the next day: but 20
Sfortjit difliked the conditions of peace, therefore with the Srvitzers that were
of his guard and fome others he fals upon the French about the evening, and
withall the Switzers fend to call back their fellows that were marching home-
Ward, Ihewing them in what danger they were^ upon this they return, a
cruel encounter enfues, in which divers of the French Nobility loft their livesj
at the firft the Switzers had the better, but in the next encounter were defeat-
ed, and fo retreated to M//A?«, where they left for the Duke a garrifon of 1 500
in thecaftle, and then return home. Upon this defeat of the Switzers, the
French feife upon the Dutchy ofMillan , which the Emperor fought by force
to recover the year following, but could not. In the interim,the French make 30
peace with the Switzers for ever, which was confirmed, an. 1521. All the
521- Cantons joyned in this league, except the Tigtirim^ who could never be in-
duced to alTcnt to it: for Aliith''w Cardinal of Sidiin or Siou had diverted
their minds from the French : Zuingltus alfo their Preacher told them, how
bale it was for them to be mercenary fouldiers , and for pay to fhed innocent
blood J, how far this was againft the mind of Chrift, and the praftife of their
anceftorSjand that this mercenary way was an expofing of their liberty to falej
bciides, that this new league abridged them of their power, for not they, but
the King was to choofe his officers, and thefe to raife the fouldiers at their
plcafure ; again,this league was in divers things deftrudive of former leagues ; 40
moreover they had no reafon toaffiftthe French with fouldiers, having re-
fufed to affift Maxmtihan the Emperor ; and for any benefit which by this
league would accrue the State, they could find none, only fome private per-
fonsmjghtbe enriched by the French pen fions, the love of which, and the
■u'ickedncfle which attends upon a military life, might occafion much mifchief
in their country, as effeminatenefs, covetoufnefs, diflblutenefs, negledt of huf-
bandry & good arts, idlenefs, luxury, drunkennefs, whoredoms, blafphemies,
which are the fruits of wars, and weeds that grow in military camps ; it was
urged alfo, that the French affiftance could do them little good , that there-
lying upon pay and penfions was a diftrufting of Gods providence, and that 50
inoft of the former leagues they had made with foraign Princes did turn to
their prejudice, lofle of their men, and inteftine difcords. For thefe and other
rcafons the 'Tigurini could not be drawn into this league : But the other con-
federates were of a contrary mind^ affirming, that all war is not condemned in
Scripture, for divers holy men have been fouldiers, and have afiifted their
friends; that the Helvetian fouldiery is not mercenary, feeing they are to
ferve
Chap.8. Hifiory of the J^orld, " ~~vS6~'
fervc but one King,and that by covenant ; ifthe Kineenioin m nnIo,„f i "; ''
it was in the Magiftrates pou4 to deny hhn aid, Vth'^^^^^^^^^
common fouldjer was not to enquire into it, bcfides,the57vv/ze.xCountrr i! ^^
populous and barren, and obnoxious to many enemies haters of their libertv
therefore they ftand in need of forreign employments and affiftants -^ neirhS
was It a rejeftion of divine providence to make ufe of fecundary means- their
youth alfo by this employment (hould be trained up in military difcipline fo
needful for defence of the Country ; and though fomc forreign leagues havd
^ not proved fucceffeful^yet their leagues with Lewk 1 1 . Charles 8. znd Lervk 1 2
ic of France, have been advantagious to them. Upon thefe reafons the Cantont
grounded their perpetual peace with Fruncd
Chap. VII r.
Of the Helvetian C^«/e<^er4fej- J tiB the year 1602.
HAvingfpokenof the Helvetian Cantons^ we will now briefly relate the
Confederates and Allies of Switzerland : And 1. of the Abbot of
S.Gall. Ga//us W2L$ 2 Gentleaizn of Scotlaftd, difciple to Columbamts the
^o Abbot, with whom he travelled into France, and thence into Ctl/W/iw; 5 he
preached the Gofpel , and converted many from Idolatry, at a place called
luggen near the head of the Lake of Zurich, and then at Brcgents at the head of
the Lake of Conjlmce, and in other places of SmtzerUnd fixteen years: being
invited to the Bifhoprick o£ Conjiance, herefufedit, recommending one of
his difciples to it, and fohe retired himfelf to an Hermitical life, an. 620. on
the mountains above the Lake of Conjiance , where nCw is the Town and Co-
vent of S. Galh^ there with fome of his difciples, he built a Cell , and in holy
meditations fpcnt his dayesithere did his difciples remain,whofe pietv was re-
warded with rich gifts from the French Kings, and Dukes of Akman or
S'^Suaube : atlafl: the fraternity increafing in number and wealth, S.G^iZi'j-Cell
is turned into a Monaftery, eighty years after his death, npinus the fonof
Charles Martelmcide Othomur a Priell, the firft Abbot of S. Gall, who with his
brethren began to profelTe the rule oiS.Benedi&.The wealth and power of this
Monaftery did foincreafe, that the Abbot thereof was reckoned among the
Princes, and was of old under the protedion of the Emperors, who out of the
Gentry of Suattbe or Jleman uled to fend governours of that Abbey; but nfter-
Ward being negleded in the troubles between the Popes and Emperors and
tjuarrels arifing between the Abbot and Appenzel, to which the Town of
S. Gallwzt joyned, and fome of the Abbots own vaflhls,and therefore ftood in
40iieed of fome powerful proteftor, Cafpar Landenhergthe 52. Abbot defired to
be joyned in league with the fouvHelvetian Cantons ofTigttrnm ovZttrich Litcem
Su!ts,ar\dGlark or GlaroMa,w\\om they chole for their protedors and defenders
their liberties, rights, cuftomes, andpoflefiions : This power alfo is given to
thcCe Cantons , that all places in that feigniory belonging to the Abbot, ftall
give free accefle to the Cantons when they pleafe, and that in all controverfies
the Abbot (hall ftand to their verdift : Abbot Vhricns^Landenbcrgs fucccflbur,
ordered that each of the four Cantons in their order , ftiould fend one of their
• Councel to ftay with the Abbot two years, and to be Captain of all his Couii-
try,and to be prefent at all pleadings^^ and that the half of all mulfts and fines
50 fliould belong to the SH?/fz,e>'j-, likewife that all the Abbots fubjefts fhould
aftlft the Cantons in their wars ; this league was renewed by Vlricns, when the
Townfmen of S. Gall and Appenzel had pulled down the begun Monaftery
>oi Rofac, who by the Cantons were fupprefled , and reduced to the Abbots
obedience, this league continues yet :^ and though the Abbot and Cantons be
of different Religions , yet they fend according t« their league a Captain to
govern his fubjeds in civil affiiiis, and to maintainthe Abbies rights*
The'
570 'The Second '¥ art of the Book. V I.
An.Chrifti' The town of S.G<?//oweth her original to the Abby , and her privileges to
W''VX^ the Emperors her protestors, though the Abbots fubjeds, with whom fome-
times the Townfmen ufe to quarrel about their privileges and liberties, which
they were forced forfums ofmoney to redeem of the Abbot. Afterward the
town of S.GaU, in imitation of Abbot Landenberg^ united themfelves in league
to fix Cantons, namely Zurich^ Ber», Lucerm, Smtz,, 7ugium or Zug^ and Glark.
This league was made perpetual and confirmed by oath , a.n.i\'^\. They had
made leagues before this time with fome of thefe Cantons^which was only foJC
fome years.
' The Rheti or Crifons are antient : for before Chrift,the Tufcans being driven lO
from their homes by the Gauls under the condud of their Captain Rhetus^
they poffefled the Alpes , and from his name they called themfelves Rhetians'^
in the Romans time there were two Countries called Rhetia^ the firft and
fecond; and not onely the Alpes , but a great part of Suevia or Suaube and Bd-
varia weie called Rhetia-^ the firft and old Rhetra containing the fprings of
P,hene, a great part of the Alpes, with the neighbouring valleys on both fides,
is called now Crifons^ and of old Cani : there are three leagues of the Grifons^
the firft is called the High-league, and it contains nineteen Commonalties, ten
of which are loft, the fecond is called the League or Covenant of Gods houie,
becaufe of the Bifhop of C«r/^ or Coire who is comprehended within it, this ®
contains nineteen Commonalties, two of which fpeak Dutch , the reft broken
Jtalian'-i the third is called the League of the ten Jurifdidtions, becaufe of the
ten Commonalties in it ; thefe people have divers times made leagues with
their neighbour Switzers-^ the two former have made a perpetual league
with feven of the Crf«/(?«j- 5 the third entertains conftantfriendfhip, though
not a folemn league with them : the upper League oxGrifon^ entred into
a confederacie with the feven old C/r«/o«j for ever 5 the next year after, the
14 97* league of Gods houfe joyned themfelves to the fame Cantons 5 thefe had long
controveriies with thofe of the County of Tyrol ^ by whom they were much
wronged, and finding no redrefs , though the Emperour MaximtUan had ap- 3^
pointed firft the Bifhop of C(7;//?^«fe , then the Bifhop oiJuspurgto arbitrate
thebuGnefs, yet nothing was done,; but were ftill put ofiT with delayes till the
^///^rMWj- had put themfelves in Arms with intent to invade the Grijons un-
expcftedly; whereupon they fend Legats to! jguruw where the Svcitzo's were
then aflembled , to have a perpetual league confirmed between them , which
was gladly entertained by the Cantons and ratified : the next year after this
1498. followed the Stievian war, in which the Grifons ftoutly defended their borders
againftthe y^///?>7./M/, whom they oftentimes defeated hy the Switzers help,
at laft having got the better , both the Srvitzers and Grijons made their peace
with M,jxir,nlian 5 ever after the Grifons helped the Svpitzers in their wars in t"
Ital)'^ when John James of Medices^ afterward Marquefs of Marignan^ had ta-
ken the Caftle of yI/«//e upon the lake I^^r/w/ or Ctf«?e , znd Clavenne from the
Cr/fons-^ the Sw/tzers fent them aid, by which the enemy was driven out of
their Territories : at this day the Grz/^wj- as well as the Cantons are in league
with the French, and ferve him in his wars, but they have their Commanders
and Regiments apart from thofe of the Switzers.
The lalejians are three diftind people, inclofed with high mountains, and
inhabiting the valley between the fprings o^Rhene and lake Leman-^ thefe were
called anciently Vibcri or Juberi^ Seduni^ and Veragri ^ the two former are now
called the high Vale/ians^Si are divided into feven Diocefes^the Veragri or lower 50
VahjLms are fubjeft to the other •■, but the Bifhop oiSedun or Sjon is their chief
both inChurch and State-aifairs,he is called Count andGovernor oE I 'alaif -xhey
made their firft league with the three Cantons of Vn , Lucerne and Vnderwald^
an.i/if\j. when they had wars with William Raromns the Bifhop, and his father
Gnifcard v/hom they had banifhed, Bern helped the Biftiop ^ the other Cantons
who vv'crc neuters, fearing left this fiding of Eern with the Valefians might
caufe
. . — ' ' -^-r-. r-7— — ' '
Oap.8. Hi pory of the World. jji
"caufe a quarrel between Bem and the three above-hamed C^«f<?«/, they whh j^»>.Chr4jiH
much adoe made up a peace, in which the Rjronii were fefldred : after this '«-*^~V^b-»
war the I'aleftitns made a temporary league with Bern , which in the year 1 47 5
was made perpetual ^ two years before this, they jcyned themfelves to the
three above-named Cantons, ann. 1533. At triiurg a league is concluded be-
tween y^<^r7rf»Biflhop ofsion^ and feven Diocefles of the Valctians , with fevert
Ontonfj to wit L»cerKe,Vr/^ Suits^VuderwaU^ Zng^ FribUrg , and Salocior or Sai
7f«rre 5 to defend the Roman Religion againft all oppofers.
RotvU is fcated beyond Danube in Germany , on the left fide of the river
jQ N/iYt': Ft is an Ilnperial Chamber or place of judicaturejWhither the neighbour-
ring countries make their appeals ■, which if any contumacioufly do reliftjthey
are liable to the Imperial Ban orprofcription. The firft league tliefe of K<?/w/
made with the Sivitz,ers^ was for fifteen years, under Fredcrickjhe third Empe-
rour, 4«». 1463. which afterward they renewed upon occafions : atlafl-^the
league is made perpetual with all the Cantons, ann. 1519. NoW becaufe Rot- , ^ 4 ^ ,
"vjl is featcd fir from the borders oi Helvetia^ fo that an Army cannot be con- ^
dufted to them 5 they are tied not to make any war, but upon utgent neceffityj
and that not without the Sn>itzers confent, without whom they are to make
no league.
2Q Mulhoufe a City in the County o^Ferrat or SeqUana^is thought to be the fame!
that ^rJabiniiMoi' old ^ it was anciently an Imperial City , yet governed by
the Bifhop ofStra-sburg ^ but in the wars between Ralph dVtiabfpurg and the Ei-
(hop of Strasburg^ Mulhoufe was taken from the Bifhop, ana his Caftle in the
City demoliftied ; fince which time it hath been one of the Cities of the Em-
pire : Their firft: league they made \yith the Svcit^ers , was in the year 1464.
for this City being infefted by the Nobility , to be freed of their ty ranny^they
make a league of fifteen years with Fribnrg^ Eern^ and Salodor 5 and by the me-
diation of Eern^ the other feven Helvetian Cantons receive them into prote-
ftion. This fo incenfed the Gentry thereabouts,that they took up arms againfi:
jjQ this City 5 but the Cantons fo aided them with garrifons within , and forces a-
broad, and fo ftraitly befieged PVakipotit a t;own of Aufiria , that the Gentry
were glad to make their peace. Then in year 1 506. the Mulhoufians were
united to 2?^/;, nine years after they made a league with the whole thirteen
Cantoi-15.
Eknna. ftands pleafantlv , upon a Lake full of Fifh , and befet with Vines,
and is under the Biftiop 01 Eafih jurifdiftion, but enjoys her own priviledges.
In the year 1303. this City made league with Eern^Strasburg^EaJil^ Friburg^
znd Soluerre jto fuppreflethe high way- robbers which infefl:ed all that country^
three years afiter, they made a particular confederacy with Eern i, their third
.Q league was made ann. 1532. and fifteen years after they renewed itjWhen John
oiViana Bifiiop o^Eaffl^ a man of an unquiet fpiritjmade war upon his neigh-
bours, and being offended at this Union of Eienna. with Eern , falls fuddenly
upon the ToWn, and imprifoneth the ^ernois that were authors of this fociety^
but the Berwtfzf in revenge, fall upon the BifhpsCaftle in the Town, and freed
their Citizens ; then they made war upon the Bifhop and his confederates the
Salodorians^ vi^afting many places of his bifhoprick.
GenevathchitCity of the ^Sobrogef , of which C^far fp^aks, lieth neer the
Switzers xxpo^Lzke Lef»an, at the headofK/jp«5 it hath been fubjed often
times to Fire 5 in the time of Heliogabaluf it was burnt dowti : AnreUan re-
50 paired it, and endowed it with divers priviledges, and called it by his name
Jurelian 5 it was wafled by the barbarous Natiofts that made irruption into
Trance : About two hundred 8c feventy years ago,it was twice burned.The Bi-
fhoprick had great immunities, and fo had the City ^ yet they kept good cor-
refpondency with the Bifhop : The Earls of Geneva were great enemies to her
liberty , who notwithflanding were the Bifhops Vaflals . and held their Earl-
dome from him in Fee ; She was alfo often troubled by the Earls oi Savoy , fo
that
37i T'he Second Van of the Book. VI;
Jtn.Chr/fii- iwoii atw. 1420. AmademD\jkQoi Savoy {^xo\e to obtain of Pope Martin the
M^^'-'V^ light of fuperiority o\cr Geneva by way of exchange , but Jc'/jw who was then
Bilhop , agreed with the Citizens for himfelf and fucccflors , that the liberties
oiGcneva{\\o\x\d. never be exchanged or alienated :, if any (hould endeavour
an exchange, that he be accounred a traitour. A ftervvard, when the Emperour
Maximilian had made rhilbcrt Duke oi Savoy and his fon in law, Lieutenant of
the Empire in thofe parts 5 he and his brother Churls endeavoured upon this
title, to fubjeft Gcwc^ri to them, pretending that the priviledges of Lieute-
nantfhip were granted to the Princes o^Savoy by Cfyarls the fourth 5 who not-
withftanding had taken away from Amadeus their Earl, all power over Geneva: 10
Thefe troubles made the City enter into league with BtT;?^ apd Friburg^ which
was renewed and made more firm ann. 1536. at which time, the Duke of S<t-
voy and Eifhop oi Geneva raifed war againft the Town, for changing their Re-
ligion. There hath been oftentimes intentions to confederate Geneva with the
Cantons, which hath not yet been cfFefted.
l>ieocor/iiim or Ncufchajhl is in the Country of Avanches. on the Lake bearing
the towns name. In the war between LevpU' the twelfth ofFrance and the Sa'it-
z^crs , Eern in behalf of all the Cantons feifed upon the town and the whole
County, placing a govcrnout there, which the other Cantons did in order,
c\CQptthoko(Zwich^ath(t~ioanI-]cochbergia Duke Longovils widow, upon ^®
certain conditions procured the County to be reftored to her ( for it belonged
anciently to the Earls of Htfor/)/?er^) which M'as done in the year 1529. before
this time it was annexed to the Cantons of 't'ern^ Lucerre, Fnl'itrg^ and Soliewre^
on certain articlcs,which upon this rendition were confirmed. At this day the
Lords of this County are by a peculiar league allied to Bern.
Befides thefe corffederate Towns, there be others belonging to the Helvetian
common- wealth , which may be- called (iipendiary, becaule they ferve the
Srpitzers in their wars upon their own charges , thelc have their own laws and
MagiftrateSjbut the foveraignty remains in the Cantons, whofe publique E-
difts they are bound to obey ^ thefe towns anciently belonged to the Aujirian^ 3^
but the Srr/fzerj- in their wars with Aujiria obtained them, upon certain con-
ditions, that theyllibuld enjoy Under the Cantons the fame priviledges they
had under the ^^////'r/^M:^ thefe are five in number, namely ^ada^ Eremgartan,
Frauv'nfeld, MelJingen^ niicl RaperfvU.
Bada on the river L7mag is fo called from the hot baths there , it is therefore
named'fherwopolis :, this town is mentioned in Cor. Tacitus ^ it had anciently
two caftlerf, the one upon a high rock, demolilhed by the Smt%ers^ the other is
garrifdnedby them^ it had alfo Earls of old, who are now extind, to whom
Succeeded the Lords of ^/^/'/}«r^, who joyned this and other things to the
Houfe o^Anjina ^ at lafl-,it fell from them tothe Sn'//z,erj,in the council ofCon- 4*^
Jianre , becaufe Vrcdenckoi Auftria maintained Pope 'John 22. againft the Em-
perour and Council :, therefore he is excommunicate, and proscribed, Sigif-
vnind the Emperour with the Prince of Bavaria made war againft him : the
S)r//z.trj- are comniaindcd to war againft him alfo, notwithftanding the fifty
years peace they had lately made with him, becaufe he was excommunicate
iind an enemy to the Church and ftate 5 if they refufe to break the peace , they
Ihould be excommunicated alfo with the Avjtrian : the breach of this peace
was alfo warranted by the Princes Lcgats at the council, and the Jurifconfults,
Ijccaufe the Emperours fubjefts, in all their aftions, muft except either exprcf-
ly or tacitly the Emperours Majefty and Rights. The copy of this Decree was 50
fent them, and withall is ftiewed them,that whatever they have pawned to the
Aiijirian heretofore , doth now belong to the &npire, and that the Emperour
will make no peace with the Aujirian^except he confirm the Helvetian peace:to
this war at lail ihey aflcnted 5 but withall they defired pay, becaufe they were
poor ^ the Emperour told them his money was ftiort, but he would beftow on
them whiitevcr goods of the A/tJirians they poflefled, or ftiould obtain in this
war
Chap.8. Hi ft or y of the l^orJd. 373"
war tillthey had their pay ^ he exhorts alfoZ«^/V/>to take arms , promifing y/w.c/jr/7?i
themthat Aurtiian Country beyond Mount ^//'/*f in perpetuall Fee: Upon ""
this the 'IjgHnns in the year I415. befiege Alellinga , and the third day take-
it : thence they went to Brengarten ^ where the Cantons ot S///// and Zug
joyned with them , to whom this Town alfo funendred it felf, undet- the
proteftion of the Empire^ divers other Towns the Switzers took from the
jiujirian. Then the 'Ijgurhts by the help of the other Cantons, except Ser^^
befiege ^d^ii the ftrongeft place belonging to the Jujinaft , and which had
often done them much hurt by excurfions .: after three weeks fiege , the
10 Town furrendersf, the Caftle held put fome time after, till all neceflaries
began to fail them : at laft, they capitulate to furrender if the Jujirr.m do
not relieve them at fuch a time 5 meanwhile, the y^ujirian makes his peace
with the Emperour, and command isfent to the Sxvitzers to disband their
Army, but they would not give off the fiege of this Caftle till they took
anduurnedit, becaufe of the much mifchiefe they had heretofore fuffered
by it; the Gentry ftormed at this , but could not now tell how to help it^
Now the Emperour intending for S/'.»7», to bring from thence Peter de Luna^
otherwayes BencdtCf the ninth, to be Pope \ and his treafure being Cxhaufled
both on the Council and on his wars, he ingaged B^tda with fome other
20 Towns and Lands to them belonging, for a fumme of mony to Zurich --y Jikes
wife to Ber« he pawned the Country o^ Ergovo ^ which they at this day doe
folely polTefle. The next year after, Zurich made the Cantons of t«ferw,S«7>/^
Vtjcienvald^ Z«e,and Claris^ (harersof this Pawn or Mortga^ ; but thofe of*
Vri at firft rcfufed to fliare, thinking it a breach of the peactf 'y but being bet-
ter informed of the lawfulneffe thereof, grounded on the Emperours and
Councils authority, were content to pay their money and Ihare with the reft,
and fo did Ber« alfo. 'i^
Brt'w^'ir/tv/ one ofthe Mortgaged towns, is feated on the river tiujfe^ vffo
German miles below Lucern ;, it was firft under the Empire, then it came to the
go HabfpHrgs, from them to the Jujirian Princcs,who derive their beginning from
them. AlcUingen another of thefe pawned Towns on the fame river, cne Ger-
man mile below Bremgarten , it belonged to the Earls of Habfptrg 5 thefe two
Towns with ^4^./ were taken by the ^a>/>2serx for the Emperour: Now they
are under the eight Cantons, who fuffer them to retain their ancient privi-
ledges. Rapcrfuil ftands on the Lake oi Zurich or ligurum 5 it firft belonged to
the Earls ofiiaperfvil, then to the Habfpurgs 5 it fell to the Switzers antt. 1458.
Here were two fadions, the one Jujirian^ the other Helvetian , of thefe Duke
Sigifwuttd earned away fome prifoners to Oenipont or Inffruc , which made the
other joyn with the Svpjtzers ^ but the prifoners were reftored by the Smtzers
40 threatnings and interceffion .• After, the Smitzers war againft Conjlance 5 thofe
of IJri^ Sitits^ Vnderwald^ and CUrk^ obtained leave to march with their Army
thiow^ Kaperfvil-^ who when they came, feifed on the Town ; Vvhichbyrea-
fonoftheHe/t'e/ww prevailing fadion there, fwore Allegiance to thofe foure
Cantons, under whom they are yet, and enjoy -their ancient priviledges
which they had under the y^«_/?rid». Two years after the taking o^ Raperfvif,
the feven Cantons feifed on Fravpe»field^ the chief City of Tjirgeaor Turgorc^
in their war agamd Sigifffiund of Aujiria'-) to this war the Cantons were inci-
ted by Pope T///^ or ^wt'*?^' ^//wwf , who excommunicated Sigijmund forjm-
prifoning Cardinal Cufan^ Biftiop ofBrixia or BreJJe. Vitodurum or ff'rKterdnr^is
$0 a town in Kyburg belonging to the Canton ofZunch, it was then under the Ju-
jirian 5 this town fufpefting that the Tigurins Would flirprife them, ftiut their
Gates on the Fare-day of S. G/»Z? againft theCountry people, and would not
open them upon any intreaties of the Governour of Zurich : Hereupon Zurich
forbids all commerce with this Town, and the y^«^r;.i?/ftrcngthcnsit with a
garrifon : The T/^«r/«/ with the othei Cantons befiege Vitodurnvr^ foat laft
the Switzcrs Qhvi]x\, atttj. 1460. the Country of Turgors with the Towns of
Uu DieJJcfihow
^-74 T^^^ Second Van of the Bo ok VI.
An£brifiu Dkffenhow on the Rhine^ and Yrawettfield: this war alfo of the Cantons with
W-'V^W th6 Aitjirun was haftned on by two brothers, FigtUnd Bernard Gradlcrs , who
being op'prefled by Sigijmmd^ appealed for juftice to the Cantons.
There are alfo under the Swit'z^ers nine Bailiages or governments , to wit,
the County ofBa</p,the free Provinces, Twr^fltr, Sarunetes or Sargar/f^ Rhegujci
or the Valley oiRhin, Lugano^ Locarne^ Mendnfe , and the Valley o€ Madiej
theiaftfour are beyond theAlpes in Italjr, and fpeak Italian, the reft fpeak
Dutch. ?>ada is fubjed to the Cantons of Zurich, Lucern, Vn^ Suits^ Vnderwald^
ZugyCUris^zndBern -J thefe are alfo Lords of Twrgtfw, except Bern: the ju-
dicature of criminal caufes was taken from Frederick^ oi Aitfirij. intheio
Council oi'CoffJiance^ ^nd piwnedhy S/gifwund tbeEmperourtotheCity of
Cottfiance 5 but ann. 1490. Maximilian Emperour beftowed it on the Switzers,
the free Provinces are thefe Caftles and Villages upon the left fide of the river
Hw/f, above and beneath B>'e^z«'«r/c«^ thefe are called free Provinces , becaufe
the three Villages of Mcgenberg^ Richenfef , and Ergow or Vil/a P'erbigtna. had
theif ftveral jurifdiftions and officers , as diftind provirKes, but now are made
one. This part anciently was called the County of Rare, it is now under the
Cantons^namely Znrich^Lucetne^Vri^SHits^Vnderwald^ Zug^ and Glaris'^ it was
taken by Lucern in the war between the Helvetian and Frederick^of Aitjiria ^hnt
the other Cantons claimed an equal (hare in the government with Lucernt^ 20
acccMrding to their ancient agreement 5 that all (hould be common , whatfo-
ever was taken in that war : the matter was referred to hern^ whofe verdidl was
for fheequalftiaringofthe jufifdidion by the other Cantons : The Country
is fmaljtherefore the govern our who comes hither fome times in the year hath
his rf;fidence in the Abbey of M»ren. Sarnuetcs or Sargans , fo called from the
rivet S4>-4 hard by them, this Town and Country belonged andently to the
Earls of iVerdenbtrg^ then to the Aujirian ^ who fold it to the Earls of Tc^, from
Vvhomthe Earls oi Sarganrov Werdenberg redeemed it : At lafV, j«». I483.
George 6f fferdehberg fold it to the feven ancient Cantons, who fend thither go-
vernours by turn , under whom the Town enjoys its old priviledges. Rhegu- 50
fri oh the Rhene, are a part of the GnfoMS , they that dwell on the right fide of
the iiAewc, are under the y?«_/^r/d«j but the inhabitants qb the left fide belong
to the Sw/f z-crx. Frederick^ Togg took all this Country from the Attjirian by the
Em perours command, at the Council of Conjiance. Afterward this Country
was divers times pawned and fold, till at laftthe Cantons of Z«r7c/),L««r»e',
SuJts^Gltrk, Vrr^ Vndcrrcald^ tug, havitig aided the Abbot of S. Gall againft A-
petjzel, obtained for their pay this country : afterward they admit the Abba-
tifccllans the ancient Lords thereof to a ftiare in the government, fo that now
it is Under eight Cantons.
Beyond the AlpeSjthe Cantons have fout Bailiages or Governments in /^^r/y^ 40
the firft is Lifgano^^pon the Lake ^ the fecond is Locame , where was a ftrong
I 5 I 3. Cafllc, not inferiourtothatof j'l^/iK*?«^ the third is i1/e»<^r7/? ; and the four is
the Valley ofMadia--, Maximilian SfortiaUxjkc of Mi/Jain beftowed thefe upon
the Cantons, for their fervice in beating the French out of Italji, by the com-
mand of Pope "jhim : he beftcwed alfo on the Grifons the Val-lelin ; but three
years afterj when Francif the French King had defeated the Svpitzers at Marig-
tiaii^ and driven the Duke out ofMiUain , he confirmed this gift , and fo have
the fucceeding Dukes of Mil/ain done : All the Cantons fend Governours
thither^ except Appai^el, becaufe this was not then one of the Cantons , when
the Sivitzcrs obtained this gift. Bilitoninm is under the three Cantons of Vri, 50
Sttits^zndVndcrvMld : this town belonged to the Earls c^Mifairk^ till the
Duke of M/7A;/« took it by force ^ but being retaken by the Earl, he fold it to
"Vri nnd Vnderrvdld ^ from whom the Duke recovered it by treachery : Since
which time the 5n'/7:::L'r-f have had many battels for regaining this place, the
poflcfTion of which at laft they obtained , almoft eighty years after they had
* loft it : For whileft the French and Millainois were in continuall wars, the
Townf*
Chap.8. Biflory of the ITorld, 57^"^
Townfmenforqviietncfle fake furrcnder thcmfelves to the Cantons oi Vrf^ A'n.Chr^u
from vvliom the French have often attempted to recover it , but in vain, it is U/'Y^^
now divided into three governments under the three Cantons.
The Stvjtzers have made divers leagues with their neighbours: with Mil/ain
ami. 1 466. between Gakacim and Blanca Maria his wife^and the eight Cantoris^
then between Galcucruf Miir/a sfortia^ and thbfe ofVri about the Valley of Lc-
fontiit or Liviner : the Duke grants to Vri the civil jurifdidion of that Valley;
who were for this to pay the Duke a yearly tribute , four Hawks and a crols-
Bow. Ferdinand Gon%aga ann. I55C». gbvernour of M//A/7i!z , in the naine of
^Q charts the fifth Emperour, renews the league with the Srvitzers , which was to
continue four years : after the death ofcharls the fifth , this league hath itot
been renewed by the Kings ofspain, now Lords oiMillain^ with the Helvetiaiti^
though amity is carefully entertained between them 5 yet Philip the fecond of
Spjin made a confederacy with the fix Catholick CantohSjto wit, Lu<:ern^ TJrd-
nia,Smts^S/hjnia,Zt{g^and Friburg, for maintenance of the old Faith i, this
was confirmed at M/Maitty ann, 1 588. the Catholicks o^Jppmzel were admit-
ted into' the fame focietyj^ww. 1597. ■.
SipJf»Mnd o^Aujiria. made a perpetual league with the Svpi tiers , which was
confirmed by the Eriiperours Maximilian^ Charles the fifth, and Ferdinand,
ijoThis Syigifmnnd vfd^ithe^ono^Fredericki who carried a Way Pope jf<?/j;* from
the Council of C(?»^^«<re : he had many battles with the ^rvitz^ers ^ bywhotti
being often beat,he labours to draw aid frorn K.ing Levpk di France '■, but he who
had felt the S witzcrs valour at the council of^ajl , would not meddle in the
bufincs : then he implores the Burgundian, to whom he niortgageth fome
Countries neer Hehetia ^ that he might purpofely quarrel with the SwitzerS 5
•but the Burgundian governour was fo tyrannical , that Sig/f»nind was glad
upon the earneflr entreaty of his opprefTed fubjedts to redeem again the mort-
gagej and to make a league , that was to be renewed every ten years with thd
Switxer againft the Burgundian , whofe power was too great for either of
aq them apart. Ann. 1474. hot onely Sigifmiind bfJuJiria, but alfo Rcnat/k ofLor-
rii/»5Mrith the BiftiopsofS^r^/i'for^jB^T?/, and divers cities, entred into confe-
deracy with Hehetia againft the Bitrgnn.lian ; but after he was llain, Sigiftfiimd
being childlefle, refignes his principality 10 Maximilian the Emperour , refe^-
ving onely to himfeif an annual penlidn 5 ihisEniperouf renews the AHJiriatt
league with Hehetia^aHn. 1 5 i i. in which was comprehended the houfe oiBtir-
pmdy^ and his Nephew Charles how ttnder his tuition, with the tVvelve Can-
tons, Appenztl^ the Abbot and Town of S. Galli Maximilian alfo promifeth fot
his Nephew cA^>-/ej-,- that he will yearly pay to each Canton V^o hundred
crownsas a prefent in Z><r/f A j to the Abbot and ToWri of S-G^/Zjawd to ^p/'f»-
40 ^^h *^o ^^'■^^ of them 100. crowro^ titt Char Is he b( years that he can manage his
Dominions himfelf, v/ho was alfo to confirm this League, which he did, ann.
1543. fo far as concerned the houfe o^ Burgundy ^ ioi AuHria. was then under
the government of his brother terdinand.
TheDukes of Savoy did anciently entertain amity with Bern^ Friburg,and
^olttorc 3 and Charts father to rhilbert made a league of twenty five years witK
all the Cantons^ ann. 1 5 1 2. during which, the Duke was to pay yearly to each
Canton at Bern two hundred crowns : about the end of this league,Duke Charls
loft the greateft part of his Dutchie to King Francis oi France , in this war Bern.
in defence of their confederats of Gf»et;<z/eifed upon fome part of the Diatchy:
50 the renewing of this league was interrupted by the wars o^ charts 5. now pro-
teftor of Savoy, againft the French in Tiemont ; but afterward rhilbert fon to
Duke Charles being reftored to his Dominions by the French^ made a perpe-
tual league with fix Cantons o^ Lucern^Stdts^Vri^ Vnderrvald^ Z«^,and SoUterre^
and after this, the otM^i Cantons jbyncd in this: confederacy.
Ofthe French kings, Lewh ii. was the firft that made a league with, and
paid to the Switzers an annual penfion : this was after he had tried their va-
il vt 2 lour
37^ "The Second ^^ art of the Book VI.
Jn.ChnJii.louv at Eajil, where he loft 6000 men by 1600 Switzers:) In hatred alfo of the
v-*^~\^'>^ Bnrgumliati^ by whom he had been lately beaten, he makes this league for ten
years, piomifing to each Canton a ftipend of 7c co Franks. Charles 8. Ibnne
to this Lt'ip/r, ren - wed the league 4«. 1483. and imployed the-S"2f//z.«'jin his
war agaiiift the Duke o^ Brttany , whom he overcame, and alfo in the Nea-
politan war. Lewis i2.hisfucceflormadealeagueoftvvelve years with them,
that by their help he might again recover Millan. This war being ended,
hevcis refufeth to pay any more the Svpitzers penfion, wherefore they in anger
make a league with Popejnliuf 2.rf«.i5io. by this meansSfortia is repoilciled
oiMidan, and the French beat out. Francis Valois fon-in-law to Lewis fuc- 10
ceeded, who beat the Stvitzerr^ and carried the Duke of Millan prifoner into
France --y but (hortly after he made a ftable league with the Cantons, conlider-
ing how conducible their amity was to France^ and promifeth to pay yearly
to each Canton 2000 franks, and as much to the Valejfans :, to the Grijons as
much as hevpis 1 2. paid them, and 2coo franks over and above , to the Abbot
of S.GjU and to his fubjedVs, and to thofe of Toggenburg , 600 franks j to the
City of ^.G^///, 400. to A/ulhoufe, 400. to thofe of the County of 6=/«*?r, 6co.
and it is agreed, that the places heretofore under the protedion oi Millan
(hall enjoy now under France their ancient privileges : many other articles
were concluded between them, and ratified at Vrtburg^ in the yeare 1516. 20
It was further agreed five years after, That the French king might at his
pleafure, when he was threatned with war, raife fix thoufand i'w/fz-erx at
leaftj and not above fixteen thoufand without the Magiftrates permiflionj
thefe levies the Cantons muft not hinder or call back, except they be
in danger themfelves of invafion •-, but the French king is not to imploy
the Srvitzers in any fea-fervice , but on the land onely j if the Srvitzers be
invaded, the French king is to furnifh them on his own charges with two
hundred men compleatly armed, or elfe two thoufand crowns every three
moneths, befides twelve peeces of ordnance, and a thoufand franks yearly
to each Canton during this league, which was to continue three yeares after 30
the death of King Francis : his fon Henry who fucceeded made a new league
with the Sjvitzers, on the fame articles which were agreed upon by his fa-
ther 5 this continued five yeares after his death j in this the Srvitzers were
not to aid the French in recovering their loft dominions in Italji , but were to
help him in regaining the town and province ofBolon in ficardy : this league
was made at Salodor^ an.i 549. in which all the Cantons were included except
the TigHrins and Fcrnois. Laftly, Charles 9. fonne to King Henry ^ renewed the
former league i, fo did Henry 4. who promifed to pay the Srvitzers for their
1622. arrears due to them, a million of gold. The fixe Catholike Cantons are al-
lowed to continue their league with Millan and Savoy. ¥^
Chap.
Chap. 9. Hrftorj vf the IForld. 3-7-7
yln.Cbrid}
Chap. IX.
7he Swedifli H/Jlmy, from the j ear 159c. til/ the year t6^l.
Slgifrtund fon to 'John is declared King of SwetkUnd^ attA 590. He returiijj
from Ills kingdom oiroUttd, and is crowned at Vpfal/ak'ing ofSrvethLind.
Fraticfs MalafpinaE'\(hop oi^Vrhitt and the Popes Legat , Was earned to
inaugurate the King after the Pontifician manner , hoping thereby to reduce
the Roman religion into that kingdome ^ but he wasoppofed by the Parlia-
10 ment, chiefly by ^daf» Andracan Archbirtiop of Vpfalia, who told the Legat,
that it was againft the cuftome and lawes of that kingdom, for any except the
Archbifliop oiVpfalia to fet the Crown on the Kings head , befides (faith he)
the King muft fwear to maintain the Auguftine Confeffion exhibited to Cbarls
5. fixty four years ago, and no other Religion in that kingdom but that which
was eftablifhcd by Gujiavus and 'John 3. the Kings late predeceflbrs , in the
Parliament of "Z^/I/^/m. The King perceiving that all the Aflembly fided with
Adant^ he was content to receive his inauguration from him ^ his Coronation-
oath was given him by the Chancellor o^SrvethLnd^ by which he promifeth to
maintain juftice and truth , tofuppreflevice, to govern the kingdom^ with
20 T.Charles and the Swedifh parliament , to admit no ftrangers into his counfels
or chief offices of his kingdom^ that he will lay no taxes on his people except
hebetheretoneceffitatedby wars, or the marriages of his children, or repa-
ration of decayed caftles '■, that he will maintain the privilcdges of the Nobi-
lity, Clergy and people, and their peace and welfare. Then in the Parliament
(bme lawes were enadted for governing of the kingdom in the Kings abfcnce,
who the next ^me after returned to Vbiand. But within few years after, in the 1599;
Parliament held at Stockholm he was depofed by the States of Srvethltud , and
the next yean 600. in the Parliament at L/«r(?/?/)e», he with his children and
pofterity arie totally excluded from the kingdom oiSteeden^ becaufe contrary
20 to the will and admonition of his Grandfather he fell off from the Proteftant
to the Roman religion, and invaded Srveden his native foile with an army of
ftrangers, to the great danger of undoing his Uncle Charles^ the Nobility,
Clergy jand whole Kingdome 3 which is grieved for that his Majefty hath in
this violated his promifes and Coronation-oath, for which caufe they were
forced to renounce all fealty and allegiance to him : yet in regard of their
love to him, they are content that his fon (hall fit upon his throne, if fobe his
Majefty will refolve within Cm moneths to fend him hither to be inftrufted in
the Proteftant faith, under D.Charles his Majefties uncle, and the other Peers
of Swethlandi, but if the King refufe to perform this within the prefixed time,
^Q they muft difinherit him and his pofterity ; therefore they befeech his Ma-
jefty not to flight the humble petition of his Kingdom, nor welfare of his
pofterity.
The fix moneths prefixed for the Kings refblution being paft, and no an-
fwer from hini, a Parliament is called, in which Duke Charles is defired to un-
dertake the kingdom, which he refu fed, till the other fix moneths were ex-
pired, in which the young Prince was to be fent to be inftrufted in the new
religion and laws of the kingdome, that when he fhould attain the full age of
24 years, he might be crowned,and not before. In the mean time they defire
Duke Charls to manage the State-affairs during the Princes minority, whethet
50 he come or not ; and withall they are rcfolved,if D.cA.?r/x die before this time,
to choofe three eminent men to govern the State, and to breed the young
Princes in the Proteftant faith 5 it is alfo enafted, that \i Sigifmunds fonfuc-
ceeds to the crown , he ftiall provide an honorable maintenance foY his Uncle
Duke 'John , in his Dutchy ofojirogoth , and that he fliall permit D.Gujiavuf
Jdolphuf fon to D. Charles to inherit without moleftation his fathers Duke-'
dome in as ample manner as his father poffeffed it ; it is likewife ordered, that
if
37S ^he Second Tart of the Book. VI .
An.Chrijii- if theKingruffcvs himfelf to be dethroned^ that Duke c/»<i?-/fx (hall fucceeds
.v^-W-' and if he die before any of the young Princes be fit for government , he (hall
be governonr whom Duke Charles Ihall name in his lallc will and teftament ^
but ifhe neglect- to name any , then the State will chufetwoor three faithful
governours, till the young Princes defcended of Prince jffl/j« , or of Duke
GiiJiavHs AclAphns (hall be of years, it being in the power of the State to chufe
which of them they fhall think fitted for government. lathe meanwhile,
becaufe King Si'Jij'mimd had fallified his oath , departed twice out of the
Kingdome without leave, lent Armies of aliens againfi: his native Country,
and hath refuted to give any anfwer to their petition, therefore they dif- 10
inherit him and his pofterity 5 they alfo order that Prince 'John Iball have for
his maintenance the Y^MXs^-^inOthrogoth^ which once was poffefled by Duke
MLifrnts^ except fuch Territories as belong to Duke CA.jr/cf by patent, inftead
of which Duke J^/wfliall have other lands of the fame value , fo that Duke
|^<?/.'» (hall content himfelf with thefe, expefting nothing elfe in this King-
dome, except what he can claim by right of inheritance : It is alfo ordered
that the Duke ihall entertain none that goeth about to fow difcord between
the Regal and Ducal families , but fuch only as ftudy the peace and welfare of
both families fo nearly linked in blood ; withall they humbly befeech Duke
Charles for the prefcnt to accept of the Crown , as being moft worthy th«*^pf ^'-^
by reafon of his many good office s he hath done to this Kingdome , efpecially
in promoting the Proteftant faith againft all oppofition , to the hazard of his
life and eftate ; and this they make known by their Legats to foreign Princes^
that Duke charks ufed not any 1 niftrous means to attain this Crown , but was
again and ap;ain uiged and preiled by the joynt importunity of Peers and
people to accept the fsme , and therefore they refolve to admit of none other
for their King, but Duke charks^ to whom they fwear allegiance, and refolve
to give him all the rights and honours belonging to the Crown oi Sreeclen^
though he fliouUi refufe the ceremony of Coronation : They alfo enad,
that after the death v£ Duke C harks ^ his fonne Gujiavus Adolf hns fliall 3-*
fuccctd to the Crown , and after him his lawful heirs male fucceffively 5 but
if Duke Charles h\% heirs male fhonld fail, then Duke John and his heirs
fhall lucceed fo long as that line ll.all remain -, which John and his fucceflours
« fhall fwear never to make any league or union with King Sigifmund^ or
his heirs 3 tending to their obtaining any foot again in the government of
this Kingdome : John Momv^ii take heed that he never go about to pro-
mote Papacie, except he with his whole progeny will lofe their intereft for
ever in this Kingdome : They alfo advife Duke Charles^ that during his
fonnes minority, he would nominate a faithful and prudent Governour
and Tutor, wlio after his death might wifely adminifter the Kingdome, till ^""^
hib fonne attain the age of tour and twenty, and that this governour (hall be a
Svpede^ and no alien.
After the States had fworn fealty and allegiance to Duke Charkstht fon of
CitjiavniY)\^kcoi Snderman^'Nericia ^ andlf'ermelandi, he undertook the go-
vernment of the Kingdome, but without the name or title of King, and fo
continued till the year 1 607. when by the joynt confent of the States, he was
crowned King of Srveden^ to whom, and to his fon Gujiavus after him , and to
his fuccelTours the inheritance of the Crown is confirmed by a folemn oath of
Parliament. He had before this taken from the Polonian a great-part of Livo^
ma. Upon his fecond fon Duke cW/<j r/j///p they confer his fathers Dutchy 50
of Siider/nan^ Ncrhiu andiyermeland ^ with other fpiritual andfecular jurif-
didions poflefled by Duke Charles his father , before he attained- the Crown •■>
Duke John (hall inherit the Dutchy of Duke Magnus ,- If Duke Gujiavus
y/<;.W/;%.r dye without ifliie male , then his brother Duke Ci><«r/t-r rA^V/p , and
the males of his body lawfully begotten, fliall (uccced to the Crown •-, if thefe
fail, then Duke John and his heirs male fliall inherit the Kingdomej in default
of
Ch a p.8. Hiftory of the TForld, 3 j^
of thefe, he (hall facceed that iS next to them in blood : but if the whole -AnXhridh
Cyjiaviitn mafculine race fail , then the femtlles (hall poliefl'e the Crown iii as ^^^'"V-"^
ample manner as the males j, and it Ihall be lawful for them, to chufe theii" owii
husbands , fo that they are not Papifts, nor enemies to the State^nor llrangers^
but of fome Noble family of Srvedet?^ or fotne GermaH Prince defcended from
Gujiavus^ of the Ang}tjian faith 5 if the Queen (hall do t)therwife5(he muft look
to be dethroned : they promife alfo to provide honourable maintenance for.
the other Royal or Ducal daughters , who muft not marry without confent of
Parliaments, neither mu(t any of the Rings or Dukes fons take to ihemfelvfes
JO wives of another Religion, or marry of their own head, without acquainting
the States, and if any (hall perfwade or counfel them to dootherwife, or
to change his Religion, he (hall be guilty of High-treafon, andwhofuever
refiifes to imbrace the Augnjian confeffion , (hall forfeit bis eftate to the next,
of blood, and ihall be baniftied the Kingdome : It is alfo enafted, that none of
the Blood-royal of Sveeden (hall inherit this Crown, if he accepts of any for-
reign Kingdome, except he make his perpetual refidence in the Kingdome of
Sweden^ feeing Sigifmunds accepting of the Kingdome of Polatidj and refiding
out of this his native Kingdome, hathoccafionedfo much mifchief, as hath
almo{\ ruined it.
The Kingdome being eftablifhed in King Charles and his heirS , he reigned 1 6 i to-
four years, in which time he had war with the D^«e/ , in this he fell into a
difeafe which killed himj the 61 . year of his life^ he left behinde him two fons,
Gujiavuf Adolf hhs^ and Carolus Vhil/ppuf^wnh one daughter, he had wars •vvith
the Volonian in Livonia^ where he was defeated : He had better fuccefs before
he was King, when he killed two thoufand of Sigifmunds Army, feifed on his
camp and money , and caufed him to deliver up the Chancellour , and other
incendiaries to punifhment : nor was he fuccefllful in his wars againft the
Danes , for Chrjjiianus 9. of Denmark,, having fent a Herauld to Charles fot
reftoring of the Danifh (hips he took , was flighted , and no anfwer at all rc-
. turned 5 whereupon the Dane be(iegeth Calmaria a (trong Town in Sroethland^
^ and atla(t takes it by ftorm , in which men women and children were put to
the fwordby the inrap|;ed fouldiett, though the Town was taken , yet the
Caftle held out. In the interim the Swedes took Chrijiianopolfs from the Danes
byaftratagem : forthisTownhad fent letters to the King for fome Auxili-
aries s, thefe letters being intercepted by the Swede ^ a garrifon is fent with
Danifh colours lately taken ^ fotheTownisfurprifed, burnt, and tnoft of the
Inhabitants (lain , the Dane takes divers fhips from the Swede , and beats him
again out of Calmaria , after he had retaken it ; upon this the governour of
the CafHe furrenders that alfo to the Dane , where were a hundred and eight
brafle Guns,and fix war-fhips, with all their furniture^ divers other Cafiles alfo
■^ furrendred to the Dane , which fo incenfed Charles , th?jt he fends a challenge
to Chrijlianuf for a duel , which was rejefted and laughed at by the Dane^
wherefore King Charles with grief and age fell fick and died the next moncth;
about the end of that year moft of the Swedifh (hips were taken by the
Danes at Elsbnrg , the other Key as it Were of Sreeden , and five months after
the Caftle is furrendred.
To Charles fucceeded his fpn Gujiavus AddJphits , he vi^as crowned at four j 5 j *;;:
and twenty years of age 5 three years after he married with A/arji Eleanor Uder
to George William Elector o^ Brandenburg^ fhe bare him a daughter Chrijiiana by
rename, who died the fame year fhe was horning thertfhe bare him another
daughter called alfo Chrijiiana j who now reigns, fhe was declared heir to the
Crown in the Diet at Stockholm •-, for Duke Charles Philip hef editary Prince of I & 2 Ji
Svpethland^ and Duke of Suderman^ died childlefle in Livonia. The Danes ha-
ving taken Calmaria And Els burg, the two chief Forts o^ Sweden upon the
Baltic^ and Hefperian fea , divers cruel battels being alfo fought ^ and the
plague raging among them, apeaceis concluded, in which the Swede was to
leave
}8o The Second Tart of the Book VI«
An-Chrijii, leave off the title and claim he had to Lappoma-^hG was alfo byArticles to pay to
^-^^^'VJ^ the Dane towards the charges of this war 1 2 Tuns of gold, till which be paid
10 2 0. pjsifii^g fliall be left in pawn. Gtijhivus after divers hot difputes with his uncle
ofrtf/4«<^,\vhoin many times he foiled,atlaft made an honourable Truce for fix
years ^ he took in Newbttrg and Straiburg^ being aided by Leather-guns, inven-
ted th^n by one £//^ Tr;/?«j ^ the r^/rf«<^e>" recovered again Ne»?/»«r_g, who laid
fiegealfoto Strasbnrg^ but was beaten off by Oxe^/Zerw the Chancellor , from
Meva he was driven back by the King of Swede , notwithftanding the Polan-
dcr was affifted by the Imperial forces, therefore he was forced to make peace
with Gujiavuf^ who rertored to him Straitsburg, Djrfavia^ and Fraeberg, but rcr jq
tained what he took in Livoma and Bomj/ia ^ fome Towns were fequeftred
into the hands of Erandenhurg--, the two Kings promife mutual affiftance to
each other againft any third party that ftiall make war upon either of
them.
Cr/z/^iiwt/beingangry that the Emperour Fer(;//«4«t/2. had fent aid to the
Polander againft him in Borujjia^ and had rejefted his Ambafl'adours at the
Treaty of Luoec 5 he complains by his Legat to General IValJiem, of the Army
fent againft him under Arnlium : I-Faljlein anlwers the King rcornfully5that be-
caufc Csfur had fo many Armics,he was forced for want of other employment
to fend this to his friend the King of Ft^Aw^^ againft the Swede^ befides Ciijiaviis ^^
was earneftly invited by thebanifhed Princes of Gcrwany^ and chiefly by the
Proteftants who daily complained of the wrongs they fuffered , to come to
their affiftance ^ he was alfo jealous of fome plots intended againft his King-
dome, when Duke Albert o^ FridUncI, in the Emperours right, arrogated to
himfelf the title of High-admiral of the Ocean and Baltick feas, which title
never any Emperour had before ufurped^ the pyracies alfo exercifed upon the
Swedifti fhips did much afflid and grieve him, therefore he complains to the
Imperial Eleftors (who in right of the Empire were to take notice of the
differences between Princes)but svhen he faw no redrefle, nor hopes of peace,
he fends abroad his Declarations, that all might take notice how he was ne-
cellitnted to take Arms ^ therefore having prepared a Navy, he enters the 5*^
1630. j^^ q£- jiffgja on Midfummer-day,where as foon as he came on lhore,he fell on
his knees, giviny^ thanks to God forfo happy a beginning of his expedition,
praying for a happy iiv. ccflc in his counfels and adiohs ^ and then prefently he
falls upon ff'olgijf^ which he took, having driven thence the Imperialifts; they
whowereinCd//v;A//iW andjnliniw! ^ fet fire on their Towns, and went their
way ; then he makes Stetmum the other Metropolis of Pomerania to fide with
him, (hewing that he meant not to withdraw Tomerania. from the Empire , or
to bring it under the Scepter of Sweden , but rather to defend it againft un-
iuft violence and tyranny^ upon this Duke Bogijlaus enters into a league ^q
with him : thisCouiAtry at that time was in a woful condition , being worfe
ufed by thefouldiers t)iat quartered anx)ngft them, then by an open enemy.
Stiirgjud was feifed upon by the Swedes in the night , who drove thence the
Cxfarians, rajevalcnt?t beirig exhaufted with contributions, and robbed of all
hei prime men, receives gladly two troops of Swedifh horfe or Dragoons,
upon this G^^/2i/«r fends thither fuch a multitude of Imperial fouldiers, that
the unarmed and fearlul Town was not able to refift, and fo the Swedes faved
themftlves by flight, the Townfinen were maflacred, the women abufed,their
wealth plundered, and the Town with the Churches, n^twithftanding the
intreatics of the Clergy , Were confumed to afties •■, this was inSiptember : the 50
Jidy before, Pcciinnm received the fame meafure from the Imperialifts, though
itwas not tainted with rebellion.
About this time a Diet is called at K<i///Wf^ the Proteftant Eleftors of
^.ixofjy and Brcmdmhitrg refufe to be there in perfon , but fend their Ambaffa-
doursi the Pc pes Legats were there, by whom the league is renewed •■, and it is
(iidcrcd that a great Army flwll be raifed to force the Princes to make
rcftitutioa
Chap.9. Hijiory of the IForld. 381
reftitution of the Church-goods 5 the Emperor by his Edift complaining of v4«.c/»ri/if.
the wrongs done him by the Srpcde , whom he never offended , in making an ^•♦'^vSc
hoftile invallon upon dnnany , threatneth profcription of all thofe who (hall
any wayes aflift him 5 he commands alfo that all fliall be leady with mehi
money and provifion againfl: the Swedes : The King on the other fide prbtefts^
that he defires nothing more then the peace of the Churchjand that the Empe-
ror would admit a Treaty to that purpofe^but in the mean while he profecutes *
the war, for he takes in the Caftle of Wolgajien , and by that means got a great
part of r<7///t,n/;/M to fide with him^ then he falls upon divers other places
10 whLch made refiftance, as Tratfund^Earth, and the Caftle of Damgart, which he
tookbyftorm, and put theGarrifon to the fwordj, upon this Rihbvn/tza a
Town in the Dutchy of i^/e^^^f^/^' on the confines of F^^wt^nrnw, opened her
gates to him : then the Ring by his EdidwiQieth the ^e^^po/z^^wj- to forljke
the tridlunders , and to receive again their lawful Dukes Adolf hits Frederic^^
and 'John Albert, unjuftly driven out, otherwayes he will proceed againft theift
as Rebels with fire and fword , this his demand being grounded on Juftice,
Confanguinity and Religion : The fame Edidt he fends to Rofioch threfe
miles off, but there he was prevented by a thoufand Imperial horfe, who de-
filing leave to pafle through the City ftaid there, and feifed on it for the Duke
20 of tridland^ and furnifhed it with all kinde of provifion , but Francis Charles
Duke o^Lavcnberg, having raifed fome forces about Albfs^ took in Boufenburg^
W/nPem and other places for the Sweden but the fudden comming of Remacritf
Colonel of a thoufand Imperial i ft?, made him retreat to Racebnrg, where be-
ing denied entrance into the Caftle, is taken prifoner by Count Pappenheim^
who purfued him with fome troops. Colberg mean while, a Sea-pbrt in rome-
rania^ is befieged by the Swedes z, lorcjuatus General of the Cxfarian forces iri
thofe parts did what he could to raife the fiege , which continued all that bit-
ter Winter till the end of fc/)r/.w7, during which time there was great exe-
cution on both fides, but at laft the King took it by Gujiavus Horn ^ dndputto
36 flight the Imperialifts : irl the interim the Diocefleof Magdeburg which Chri-
Jit an WiUiam governour thereof had recovered , is again invaded by the Im-
perialifts, who with their multitudes over-ran many places thereabouts, and at
length laid fiege to Magdeburg Metropolis oi Saxony^ thither the King fent
iheodoricus Falkgnberg to affift the governour, all the provifion and Arms
that were in Alensleb lately taken, were tranfported to Magdeburg--^ but
being befieged by Tappenhem^ he is forced to give up the Town, who
with his fouldiers fwear never to bear Arms thenceforth againft the Em-
peror.
Theruineof this City was prefagedby the fall of one of the Towers of
:pS. Katharines Qhuxch, and Ihortly after , Novem.iS. by the overthrow of the
otherTowercaufedbya^iolent windj about the fame time the Tower of
S. Johns Church fell , and with its weight beat down the roof of the Church;
the fame ruine befel the Churches of S. Ann, Gertrudis, and Sudenbttrg:, the
iatched Gallery or Cloyfter from the Biftiopis Palace to the Cathedral Church
felldoyvnat the fame time; five Wind-mils, and fix Water-mils were over-
thrown by the windsjbefides great hurt done to divers houfes:Thus God doth
ufeto ftiew his fword before he ftrikes, that he majsexcite us to repentance,
prepare us with patience, or make us inexcufable if we flight his warnings.
Germany at this tirrie was in a fad condition , being torn in peeces by {o
50 many Armies. About the end of this year, the King of Swede had twelve i 5 5 5j
thoufand horfe, and four and thirty thoufand foot, his Army then confifted of
Germans, Swedes, Finlanders , befides three Troops of Laplanders who iri the
midft of Winter came to him irx skins, thefe were all Archers ; the Emperors
Armies were far more numerous, butlefferdifciplincd, and more rapacious;
Gtor^c Eleftor of BrandebuYg^ being prefled on the one fide by the Emperor^
X X on
382. The Second Tan of the B
OOK.
y^«.C/)r////. on the other by theKmg who married his fifter, within his Provinces mo-
»-*^%'''>»-' Jefted by theeves and robbers 3 without affrighted with the Northern guefts
who fought to quarter with him ■-, to fave his Country from ruine, he com-
mands his fubjcfts to be in Arms, and to feife upon all Iwgh-way men,
though in fouldiers apparrel. On Chriftmalle-day the fame year, the King
takes by ftorm Gnffcnhage of Tomeranin^ fo that this Country is now cleared
from the Imperialiftsj who were all killed or fled , and forced to leave their
plunderings behinde them : the King upon this giveth folemne thanks to
God at Stetin , and caufeth his Army in their camp to do the like , to whom
he prefcribed certain forms of prayer, all praifing God for this former years \q
fuccelle.
I 6 3 I. About the beginning of the next year, Lewis i'^,. oi France fends Hercules^
ck Charuace Ambailador, to take up the difference between the Rings of
Poland :\nd Sivsck^ and to make a league of five years between France and
Swethland, for defence of the Ocean and Ealtick-feas, for reftitution of the
afflided and banilhed Princes oi Germany ^ and for demolifhing the Forts
which have been built among the Grifons fince the beginning of this German
war ^ for this end the Sveeck fhall maintain thirty thoufand foot , and fix
thoufand horfe, towards the charges of which the French WiW pay him
yearly forty thoufand Imperials; that levies of men fliall be permitted in ^o
cither Kingdome, and that the Religion in Germany iliall be exercifed as
hitherto it was by the Imperial Edifts; King Charles alfo of Britain fends
fome Forces under the conduft of Marquefle Hamilton into Tomerania.
About this time the charge of the Imperial Army is taken from Albert
Duke of Fridland , becaufe the Catholick Princes did fufped him, and is
conferred upon Count Til/y ^ who ismadeGeneraliffunoof all, both Cxfa-
rianand confederate Armies, he prefently views the Armies, reforms the
Military qifcipline now grown loofe, buyesupall kinde of provifion , and
furniff,eth fuch places as he found weak with Men and Arms : the King
fends fome Regiments to Gitjiavus Home for taking in of Landsberg^^^
hce marcheth himfelf with fixteen thoufand to Demmin^ and in his way
takes upon fur render Nt;n;-£n/«i;/e«W^, with fome Caftles : Treptoviais for-
fiken by the Imperialifts : Malchjn is furrendred to the Swedes. About the
midfi: of February^ Demmin is befiegcd, feated in the confines of Merchlenberg'-,
fo is Colbcrg in Pomcr.mia , and Lands herg in Merchia , all three at the fame
time by the Kings Fqrccs : Dtv!^//;//« not being able to hold out, is furrendred
by the Governour with the Caftle, where was good ftore of ordnance
and viftuals; the Governour with the Garrifon is permitted to march
whither they will. About the tndoi February ^ Colberg yeeldeth, the Go-
vernour with nine companies of foot, and fix of horfe, have leave to 4*^
march away, but without their colours, to Landsbcrgt, in Colbcrg was great
fiore of i^mmunition, but no viftuals, fo that the Garrifon was forced
by famine to yeeld; five dayes after the furrender, foxne Forces were com-
niingwiih provifion to relieve the Towne, thefe narrowly efcaped from
being taken by the Swedes : Landsberg held out the fiege till the end of
ylfnl. Aftrange thing fell out at iif^/cc/j; for one i^r/z/c/er a Townfman killed
liatzfield the GovernoujifWith a blow of an axe in the neck , affirming he was
induced thereto by an Angel; neither would he acknowledge any fault he had
done in this, though he was tortured with divers torments to death.
Count Lil/y , to retaliate thefe lolles, takes New-Brandeburg by ftorm, 50
and puts the Garrifon to the fword ; he takes Kniphus the Governour
with his wife and daughters prifoners •-, in the very Church was the Conful
with the Townfmen murthered, nine Colours were taken ,^ the Town expo-
fed to' plunder , and then forfaken ; he loft in this fiege and ftorm about two
thoufand of his men ; thence T///f, returnes to A/agdeburg, becaufe bee
, could
Chap.5>. Hijtory of the JForfd, 383
could not fet upon the King being intrenched; in his march he loft fome oF his An.ChrjJiU
menby theSwediftihorfe, which took Licbemvdd and Ncvp-Brmdtburg diC- WV->w
armed by the T///m;/j- ; the Magdeburget-fm Tilly r abfence had made fomc ex-
curfions, and furniftied their City with Arms and Viftuals; but when he re-^
turned about the end of March^ they were quickly driven out of their works
which they had made without the Town , therefore finding they were hot
ftrong enough to oppofe Tilly's forces , they fet fire on Sudenbtirg , arid
the new City , which were their Suburbs 5 mean while the S wedifh Ring be-
fiegeth Francofurt upon the river Vjadrm^ whofe Suburbs alfo the Garrifori
10 burned down , but the King unexpectedly taketh the City by force upon
Palmfunday, where he found much provifion and wealth , two thoufand Im-
perialifts were here killed , and eight hundred taken prifoners , Scaumhnrgy ■
Tjeffenhach, and MonticaculHs the chief Commanders, with the Common fouT-
diers fled 5 the City was fo miferably plundered, that the enemy was
forry to fee it , who with much ado made the fouldiers give off; feventeen
dayes after , Landsberg is furrendred to the King , five ahd twenty companies
of foot, and twelve of horfe , went out with their colours flying : Silejifi i j
tiow laid open to the Swedifli fouldiery, Old-Brandeburg about the, end of .
jlpnl is forfaken by the Jillians^ the Eleftor of Btmdeburg is fummoned by th^
aoKing to deliver up the two chief holds of his Electorate Gujlrinum an<i
Spandavja to the Srrede ^ who promifeth to reftore them asfooh as he fliall
raife the fiege from Magdeburg , to this the Eleftor would not aflcnt till he faw
Serlinum befieged , and then he was content to give up Sfandavia , where tne \
Garrifon took the oath of Allegiance to both Princes ; the Eleftor of Saxony ^
John George is defired by the King to let him have free paflage through his
Country,, and to joyn his forces with him in raifing the fiege from Magdeburg^
the Elector would yeeld to neith demand , fearing to make his Country the
feat of warre, which hitherto had been quiet, nor did he think it either
fafe or warrantable to maintain the Magdebtirgers againft the Emperor,
30 though they complained of the wrongs offered them by C^far, notwithftand-
ing they (hewed all obedience to him, therefore now they were in hope to
be affifted by their own Prince, and the S Wedifh victorious Army, but their
fecurity deceived them, for whilft the King was doubting whether he might
fafely relieve the Magdebtirgers or not, CowntTappenhem comes with more
forces to the fiege 5 if the Town had forefeen this, they would have
ftrengthened their Garrifori with more men , for now they had not above
two thoufand foot that were found, and two hundred and fifty hOrfe,
yet they made divers fallies out of t he Town , even three in one day , to the
lofleof the befiegers : T;^ fummons them to furrender, orelfethey (hould
40 look for no mercy; their anfwer was, that they would fubmitif fo be they
could have liberty to fend to the Eledors and confederate Cities for their
advice herein ; mean while the Imperialifts draw nearer with their works
to the City, and prepare to ftorm; at the firft the Towhfmen and Garrifon
ftoutly beat them off, but their power failing them , they could make no
ufe of their great Guns : theCsfarians on the tenth of May^ the fatal day of
that City, perceiving the works towards the new Town^ low , and the watch
afleep , who did not think the enemy would have ftormed fo great a Town,
that day,being already part feven of the clock , refolve to fall firfi on there^
then was the Bilhop with Falkenberg and the Senate in the Councel-houfe,
50 conferring about fending of a Trumpeter toTilly, who proffered to fave
the Town , and procure their pardon , if they would deliver up their Bifiiop
and Minifters to him , and receive thirty I\oman Catholick Eioftors , pay a
hundred thoufand Dollers, and admit a garrifon; but this was rejefted, where-
upon r^/?pcw/je»^/ with his forces falls upon that part Of the works which was
weakeft ; his word was Jefuf Maria , their mark or badge a white-ribbon
^bout the arm; in the very firft Encounter, Falkenberg who came to make
Xx 2 good
384 The Second ^^an of the Book VI,
An.ChriJiK good that place which Pappenhe/ft had affaulted , was (lain , and (o that part of
**'<5^''*«'^'^^^ the City is loft ^ theGarrifon andTownfmen fought ftoutly folongas they
were able, till the Casfarians to quiet them fet the City on fire , which proved
as prejudicial to the befiegers , who thereby loft their plunder , as to the
Townfmen who loft their habitations; for the fire was fo violent by reafon of
the wind, that this great and ftatcly City was in the fpace of four and twenty-
hours burnt down to the ground,in which fix Parilh Churches were confumed
in the fame fire , all the Churches , ftreets and high- way cs were covered with
dead bodies, in the Cathedral of S. Catherine were found three and fifty mur-
thered, the Governour being wounded in his head and thigh is carried away iq
prifoner, with moft of the chief men and Minifteis; the barbarous fouldier
fpares neither fex nor age, abufing even youBg girles to death ; yet the High-
church, and the Monaftery of S. Alarj were faved from the fire, and fo were
1 59. houfes, but all the inhabitants were either (lain or taken , the number of
the flain is not certain , but it is reported that two and twenty thoufond were
flung into the river ^Z/*^ which flows by the City; fix hundred Townfmen
were chained, though they were able to ranfomethemfelves; fome made an
efcape by a fudden fire in the enemies camp , a great many being ftript of all
were forced to beg , moft of the Minifters were preferved and provided for
by their Fellow-proteftants ; the deftruftion of this City (^ which had now 20
flood, and been a Metropolitan about feven hundred years ilnccOtho the
firft, who fenced, adorned, and honoured it with this dignity ) was prefaged
by a Throne fet in CajJiop<ea ^ by founds in the air like the difcharging
of Ordnance 5 by ftrange obfcurity in the air , by the fall of divers Towers ^
and by a monftrous birth which was taken out of the dead mother,
the childs head was covered with a peece of fiefti like a helmet which
could be eafily taken off, he was cloathed with a skin like a fouldiers
jacquet , with round kernels like bullets in it , he had alfo boots on his legs :
God by this would let us fee, that as the birth of this Monfter was the death of
the mother, fothat Town or Country whichbreeds armed fouldiers within
them, are at iaft deftroyed by them.
Chap. X.
The profecutionof the Swedifh Hijlory under Guftavus , yr<?«« 1631. tiJIthe
ffiidji ofi6^S-
THe fame day that Magdeburg was buried in her own aflies,the Csefariaas
burnt down the bridge of Defavia^ with the Fort joyningto it, to .q
hinder the Swedes paflage that way , who were much perplexed for the
cftate of that City which they negledted to relieve, the King being bufie upon
a Treaty with the two Eleftors of Saxony and Brandenburg, whofe confede-
racie he defired; a great part of his Army took up their quarters about Crofnx
and Glogove in Silcjia : Gujiavus Horn was raifing new forces in Marchia^ there-
fore Spandavia is again demanded by the King , Cujirimim is delivered up to
him 5 upon Marchia is laid a monthly taxe of thirty Dollers towards the
charges of the war. In jf««e news was brought to the King that Ghryphkroald
which hemeant to take in, was already fubdued by the Sivedijh horfe who
were riding up and down the Country, about the Town, for fodder ; Teritjius 50
the governour,Knight of the Golden-fleece, hearing fome Mufquets {hot off,
runs out tokaow what the matter was, and was fuddenly killed with a Muf-
quet bullet, not thinking he had been fo near the enemy , upon this the Town
is prefently befieged by the Sveeder^ who fend a fummons to the Townfmen
and Carrifon tofurrender 5 the Souldiers within , though they had loft their
Captain, yet venture to fally out upon the enemy, but are beat back again
into
Chap. 10. Utfiory of the World, ^^^
into the Town, who defpairing of any fuccour, rcfolve to prefci ve themfclves; An.chri(ii,
therefore J//^p 1 6. they deliver up the Town to the Swedes, who found in it '
great ftore of military provifion. So now the Imperialifts are quite driven out
ofPoMerdftia.
This Country being now fecured, the Swedes march into 'Afarchra^ where
they feife upon Werbena, a place fit for their encamping, and for all forts of
provifion. The Imperialifts under Got^iut invade the Town Cothm in the
dark which they take and plunder. 7//!^ 's^ Army quarters at yI/dt«//eW, and
plunders the neighbour country oi'ihurmgia. The Eleftor oi Saxony cals d
'O Diet at Lipjick,^ of both the S:ixon'ics^AIdrrhia,HaJfia,FrancoMi /^Si. Suevia^whevc^
in was propofed, what was the beft and next expedient for reftorihg peace into
Cermmy ; There were prefent the Legats of the two Dukes of Megapolk, A-
dolphus Frederick^^ and John Albertus^ whom C<<f/ir had driven out of their an-
cient poffeffions 5 thefe raifed an Army, and being affifted by the Swedes, fe-
folve to retake their pofleffions again. Albert took'm Severin^ Adolphtts frcdc-
rickputzovjum a Bifliops feat being forfaken by the VFallcnjienians who as tiiey
were going to /i(?/?tfrA with their booty, were ftriptof all. The King hiffifelf
did accompany the two Dukes his kinfmen, in great ftate to Gujirevia^ where
he gave them pofleffion of their ancient inheritance .• thence he marcheth td
^O Magdenberg^^vi^ by the way feifeth on Tangermund ; then he pitches his Camti
neer Werben^2t.nA gives charge to fome Commanders to take in Haverberg , and
refolves to be revenged for the loffe oiMagdenberg ^ with all the ftrength he
hath, in the mean time, Queen M4rM £/e«tfr arrives at Ifolgafi with fome
young fouldiers out of Swethland , Marqueffe Humbleton, and Alexander Lejly
bring eight hundred Scots and Englifli into Tomerania. At Lipjick it is ordered
V that the Imperial Army,which made but a prey of Germany, (hould not be ad-
mitted within any of their Towns, Caftles, or Towers j and withall, they re-
folve not to part with any of the Church-lands now in poffeffion of the Evan-
gelical Princes, becaufe the Pope claimed them not by way of juftce and law^
3^ but by violence and the fword ; befides, it was a bufineffe to be decided in a
full Diet of Princes, and not by the Emperour alone i therefore, VVjlUara Lant-
grave of Hajfia raifeth an forces for the defence of his borders .• to hinder this
levy, Tilly haftneth to Erford, which he fo atfrighted , that the town prefently
opcneth the gates to him i then he draws neerer to the borders ofCattie to hin-
der the raifingof the Hajjians^ but Pappenhevr^who did yet remain about Mag-
deburg^ got him to divert his army elfewhere , for the King had marched oVer
old Marchia, where he took divers Towns, and was come to VVolmarjiad to
feife upon the ftrengths of Magdenbnrg, but that he was kept off by a greater
, power.
4° Til/y perceiving there was no other vs^ay but with his whole Army to foil up-
on the King, fends a part of his Horfe before, he follows after with the body of
his Army; Gufiavus having intelligence of his march, and not being able to
encounter with fo vaft ?in Army, intends to weaken fome part of it •■> therefore
he fends Rheingravi uf^ with fome other Cornets of Horfe, who fell upon and
difcomfited three Imperial regiments, and return with rich booty ; but Charls
Ludovickthe Palatine, who in this war ferved under the King, was (hot, to the
faid Kings great grief. T/7/y, to recover his loffe, began to draw neer the Swe-
difh Campj, but could not draw the King to fight ; yet for three dayes toge-
ther there was difcharging o(Ordinance,and divers fharpvelitations : at laft-,
5° Til/y recedes with fome lo0e. In Mansfield^Eggo tiirfloibergius with his Italian
forces joy tishimfelf to T/iTy : he compels Snevia, and Franconia^ to renounce
the League of Lfpj?r, and to pay tribute to the Emperoun The S wed i(h Kings
army is increafed by the addition of thefe forces under Horn and Tottu^ /He
gives two regiments to fr/^/^»>- the Lantgrave for Hajjia, which was courted
by the Imperialifts to fide with them. But to my purpofe:at Franckfort on the
Main an affembly was held of both parties tor an accommodation, which
proved
386 The Second Tan of the Book VI.
jin.Chrifli ^ proved f luitlcfle. Tilly to incourage his drooping fouldiers/als upon the Duke
V^''V>*' o^ Saxony^ whofe afliftance he demands, and requires alfo an abolition of the
decrees of'upJicl{}, this being denied by the Duke^T/Z/j/ fals upon Meresbtirg^fets
Frebrng on fire, and plunders Jilifniu far and neer , to the undoing of the inha-
bitants. The Eleftor accufeth Tilly for thefe wrongs^ ihevv'ing how he had
violated the Imperial Laws: he commemorates alfo his good fervicesto the
Emperour^and manifefts that he hath been faithfull to him hitherto in every
thing that belonged to him as Enjpcror, who therefore ought not to do any
thing contrary to juftice and his oath, which if he doe, he (hall not efcapc the
hand of a revenging God ; but when the Duke faw that this way be could not 10
prevaile, he makes a firm league with the Ring of .yn'.'^e^ , and lets him enter
his provinces^ he openeth the gates IVittenberg for hiin about the beginning of
Sepcmber : The Elector of Brandeberg having his Country exhaufted with
contributions and plunders, promifeth to aid liim with all the provifion and
tnoney he can raife , in this interim TiUy lofes no time,but encompafles Lipjlck,
wafting all the Country about it , and fammons the City to open the gajtes to
him 5 which returned anfvver, they could not without the confent of their
Prince ; whereupon Tilly prepares to ftorm , the Townlmen burn down their
Suburbs, and make all things ready for defence : but the frefh example of
jW^g(^e/'«wdeftruftion,which was threatned to Lipjick,^ fo terrified themjthat 20
they yeclded , the publique Faith is given to prefcrve Religion and the Com-
monwealth 5 new garrifons are put in the City and Caftle , the Eledtoral gar-
rifon is difcharged : But Fortune which hitherto fawned upon Tilly ^ begins
now to frown, for the Suxon perceiving that he had loft a great part of hi s ju-
rifdiftion,held it needfull for him to fight , for he thought with himfelf that if
Saxorty^T huringia^ Tind Jll/fnia ftiould maintain three Armies all the Winter,
they ftiould be undone j he knew hiscaufewasjuft, imdrefolves to rely on
Gods Providence.
But the King thought it not fafe to hazard upon one battel two Eleftorat?,
nor to venture the new and raw fouldiers oiSaxony againft the old and beaten go
Imperial Troops , therefore held it better to procraftinate : yet at laft, being
overcome by the Dukes importunity, prepares to fight, and firft having
folemnly called upon God in his prayer, he exhorts his Souldiers to piety and
fortitude 5 his word was (God with us) his bage or mark , a green bough faft-
ned in their Helmets 5 he undertakes the leading of the right wing himfelf^
the charge of the leftjhe commits to the Duke^ neer rodetvitza a Village, fourc
miles from Lipjick , is the place defigned for the Battle , the Imperialifts took
theadvantageof the ground, fun and wind, which the Swcds by degrees
gained of them by wheeling about ; the King mingled his Horfe and Mus-
ketiers fo, that they galled the Cefarians and beat them ofF^ the Swedifti left- 40
Wing, confifting moft of the new levied forces of Saxony ^ began to give
ground, and to put Tilly in hope of vidVory ^ but they were opportunely aided
by Horns foot, which lay in ambufti in a little wood, that upon the encourage-
ment oiAHriihcim the fight is renewed, and the Cefarran horfe put to flight , fo
that in a {hon time, the whole Army was routed : the night comming on, and
the ay re being obfcured with duft, and the fmoak of powder , made the king
forbear purfuing of the enemy , fearing leaft there might be fome treachery or
ambufh , therefore refolves the next day to fight again 5 but when the morn-
ing came, they found the enemy was totally defeated, by his Ordnance, bag^
and baggage left behinde, there were found about fifteen thoufand flain bo- 50
dy's ^ Tilly himfelf was Wounded, both Armies werealmoftequall in number,
in all fixty thoufand 5 the moft of T/Z/j's force were old fouldiers. This victo-
ry was prefaged by a white-Dove that lighted upon one of the Saxon colours:
fome report that before the fight, water was turned into blood at Hal/ and Mcr-
feburgi above one hundred Imperial Colours were taken 5 Tilly fhot with a
Eulletj which onely bruifed his skin, but could not peirce it , being made im-
penitrable
Chap. I o. Hiftory of the IForld, 387
penitrable, as the Chyrurgion thought, by diabolical art ; he efcaped,not with- ^n.chrifii.
out great pain of his bruife, to Hameha. The Ring feifed prtfently after this UOT^J
upon divers towns, and the Duke upon Lipjic/i, who gave publique thanks to
God for recovering fo foon again his loft territories : then it was agreed, that
the King fliould march into upper Germany J the Duke into S/lcJia and Be-
he/ft/'f.
The King in his march takes in divers Towns and Caftlcs, as Snewfurt, Her-
bipolk^ forfaken by the Bifliop, with the Tower well furniilied with all things,
the garrifon were all killed for refiftingfo long, but the women by the Rings
IQ Proclamation were preferved both from death and abufe : the Bifbop o^Bam-
/»tr^ out oifF fear, ftiakes of his catholique confederacy, and bindes himfclfby
oath to the King, andtokeepoff plundringpaysa great fumme of money ^
divers other places alfo were taken by the Swedes and Haffians, moft towns of
Francftftj fware allegiance to the King,who permitted to the fubjefts liberty of
Confcience. \n November a\{oHanovia is taken in for the Ring by Chrrjiopher
HaubaUifs.The Ccfarian forces of lowerSaxony are much dejefted upon the re-
port oi'theLipJicJ{^vid:oTy-,RoJioch is delivered up to the Megapolitaf7sihcvt were
five hundred horfe , and fourteen foot companies, which made their peace,
and marched away : VVifmaria held out a while, and made fome fellies upoiii
20 the Swedes 5 butatlaft, cmSu Thomas day ^ Gramm.nm the governour was
forced to furrender, who marched out with three thoufand fouldiers towards
Gryphifmtld ^ divers of which fwear allegiance to the Swede. The Imperialifts
every where take their flight, fuppofing TiUji had been dead of his wounds, of
whom there was no news a long time 5 at length it is reported, that he was re-
covered, and had raifed a new Army. At Rottenberg another battel is fought^
in which the Imperialifts are again worfted ; hereupon divers other towns fub-
mit to the Swedes^ even Frank, fort^ famous for its Mart, and the Emperouts
Inauguration, opened her gates for the Swedilh Armytopaffe. Upon the u-
niting of the Hajjian forces,divers other places furrender,the Bifhops of Me«ft&
20 2nd r; '(?r;«j-, w'xih. Anffjelm^Cafwire^ retire toColcn. About the 7 oi December
the King fends his army over the Rhene j^five hundred of the firft that got over,
fet upon fourteen troops of Spanilli horfe and chafed them, which made the
King thank God for the danger his men had efca-ped : Having pafled the
Rhene^ he takt's in Oppenhem 5 Stcnie is forfook by the Spaniards^ and Vl^'orms by
the Lorrenois. Mentz, after a fierce ftorm for divers dayes is furrendred to the
King, with the Tower and Fortifications, December 23. where he kept his
ChriftmalTe w ith great folemnity, and heard a Sermon in the Caftle-Church :
many other towns alfo fhortly after the furrender o^Mentz, , fubmitted to the
King, whofe \'iftorious Army over-run almoft all Germany from the Baltick
40 Sea to Me«^& ill one year 5 in which alfo fell out a great Earthquake in the:
kingdome of N'^p/e/,the eruption o^Vefuviusj^\npx\g great ftones twenty miles
off, and the mine of the towers on the Jefuits Church in Vienna, by the wind,
even in the Emperours prefence.
The next year, AmbaflTadours are fent to the Swedifh king, from Francc^Eng'
landy and Ragoifzius the new Prince ofTranJehania'^ the French Embaffiewas
for a truce between the Stvede and Maximilian Duke of Bavaria^ with the Ca-
iholick confed erats, which was granted , for thefe made fhew,as if they meant
to ftand neuters 5 hmPopeVrban was againft this neutrality, therefore he
raifeth great fums of money upon the Clergy o^ Italj^wh'ich he fent to the Em-
50 perour, and makes a league between the Eleftor of Bavaria and the Germari
Prelats. What the Englifh Embaffiewas, we know not^ but fhortly after Frc-
derick.the fifth,Palfgrave3 was furnifhed with Gold out of England ^ and Soul-
diers out of Holland for the recovering of his Patrimony '-, for which end, he
joyns himfelf with Gitflavus, Ragot'z.ius had difcovered a plot intended againft
himby theCe//irr/«j-, which made him fall offand to feek occafion of excur-
fion upon Hungary and Silejia , if he could have found any aide from the cdri-
federate
^ "The Second Tan of the Book V I.
AnX:hr?(ii. federate Proteftants. In Bohemia, the Saxon Army under Artibem takes Prague
w^V^-* * and divers other Towns thereabout , the Eledor hinifelf rcpahes thither and
fets up again the Proteftant religion ^ the heads of thofe which were fet upon
the bridge at rr^5«c, he caufed to be taken down, and decently buried 5 the
bani(hedBtf/)t/i^/d«j- return to their homes again , and great joy eveiy where
■ there was 3 but offhort continuance;, for yi/^tr^/ 7 ■/i//<'»//t'« Duke oitridLncf^
whom theEmperour had laid afide upon the Petition of the confederate Ca-
tholiques,is now made GeneraliffimOjand fuddenly furnifhed with a great Ar-
iny5 lacobnsGalUs ixn^CowrM Sultzen joyn their forces with him, wafteand
plunder all the Country about Prague , which caufed great dearth and fcarcity ;,o
of Viftuals : fo fudden a fear feifed on Bohemia and Sihfia^thoii both Countries
became a prey to the Imperialiib , who could not for the Snow doe any great
hurt inM/jwM.-the cold winter could not refrigerate the fouldiers courage ;, the
Swedip forces brak in upon Alfatia 5 the Csfarians plunder the country about
Strasburg^ whom a party of Horfe from the City defeated and plundered ^ the
fear of the conquerour over-ran the Dukedome of Vl'irtenberg , and the Mar-
quifat of Bada: the Imperialifts are killed and chafed every where, Frankin-
dal'm the Lower Palatinate is befieged , and fundry other places are taken by
the Swedes.
In lower Saxonyjthc people rife againft the Roman ifts.^o/i« Frederic k^fkorm- 20
ing that he fliould have the titleof Archbi(hopof^re/».',andalltherevenews
of his Diocefl'e to be taken from him by the C<efarians , raifeth fome forces , fals
upon Vcrda and Btirg which he took, and fhortly after he loft , and again reco-
vered them •-, fo miferably were thofe places toffed to and fro , like tennis-
bals. Pappcfihem alfo raifeth new forces,and takes in divers places. The ruines
of Magdeburg are left to the Swedes, who place a garrifon there : many parts \
of Germany are laid wafte by the rapacious fouldiers on both fides,many towns
taken and retaken 5 A peace in the mean while is in agitation at Torgave, but
to nopurpofe: theDukeof^^x(?«;ej- daughter is betrothed to Chrijiianits 5.
Prince oiDenmirkj^ her eldeft fifter was married to the Lantgrave of Hejjen 5 ^o
and Alary the fecond, to the Duke o(Holfutia : VHcus brother to this Chr/ifi-
amis the fecond, conduced a regiment to the affiftance of the Electoral pro-
vinces. Tilly is now again recruited, and marcheth towards Bavaria. Noriberg
had received within their gates five troopes of Proteftants, Vim alfo joyns
with the Swede : at Ambitrg Tilly is furnifhed with Ammunition, Viftuals and
Money , by which he is made able to rage with fire and fword upon Northga-
w^, and the higher Palatinate. Horn takes ^^w/W^, theBiftiopefcapes to 5^-
Twr/rf, thither T/Z/y marcheth: whereupon Horn withdraws his forces in the
night, but not without fome loffe to the T///m«j-j and marcheth to Stieinfurn,
whither alfo the King comes with his whole Army , and is royally entertain- 40
ted at^oriberg : His comming hither made TiUy remove back: to the upper
Talatinate^ wafting all the Countryes and Towns through vyhich he marched.
The King goeth to the Danotv, and taketh by ftorm Donaverd 5 Til/y follows
him at the heels, and takes the ftrong Tower Raina on the river Lyons , over
which the King makes a bridge : the Tillians took pofleflion of a wood hard
by, whence they difcharged their great Ordnance on the Swedes , to hinder
their making of the bridge ; but they were fo intrenched, that they did more
hurt then received, for in letting play their Cannon againft the wood, {0
tore the Trees, that the boughs and fplinters of them fpoiled many of the ene-
my i fo that Tilly received a hurt in the thigh,and yiltringer in the head; there- 50
fore in the night, they flie to Neiv/iwr^and Jngoldjlad, having loft one thou-
fand men.
The King having finiftied thebridge,and tranfported his Army,fenta party
to take pofleflion of Nervburg^ forfaken by MaxmuUan cf Bavaria and Tilly.
Then fummons yinfpurg to open their gates, where were eighteen Companies
of footj and two of horfe, placed there by Ctefar and the Bavarian^ to keep
< under
Chap.io. Btfiory of the If^orld, 3S9
under the Proteftants, whom they had difarmed, and forced to leave off their Jln.chnftu
publike exercifes; the Citizens defire the King to propofe honourable tearms ^-''"v-S^
to the Garrifon , otherwayes it was not in their power to force thein, nor td
open their gates to him; four dayes after, Articles being concluded be-
tween the Ring and the Garrifon , they march away with bag and baggage,
withtheir Arms and Colours flying : Asfoonasthe King had entred, he re-
moves all the Pontifician Magifrrates, and commits the government of the
City to the Proteftants , having taken of them the oath of allegiance ; from —
thence he marcheth towards Ingoljiad ^\v\\QveTil)y\zy{\ck^ and by the way
10 takes in fome Towns : mean while the Danes and Svpedes were like to break
out into an open war , by reafon of fome infolencies committed by fome
Swedifh fouldiers in HoZ/^^^w , as well upon the Kings as the Dukes fubjefts;
but the S wedilli Commanders making it appear , that thefe wrongs were of-
fered by fome private fouldiers without the knowledge of their Captains , or
of the King , the former league between thefe two Crowns was renewed by
their Amballadors. In lower Saxony ^ottus the Kings Lieutenant there took in
Ttixtehnd^ and intended to fall upon Stada^ but that he was hindred by Pappen-
hcw, who with bis flying Army over-runs all Saxony and Wejiphalia , with the
Diocefle of Brcme, wafting all with fire and fwqrd, who having received fome
20 oppofition and loffe by Jottuf^ returns into higher Germany : Jottits is fent for
by the King. Arnheim General of the Eledlroral Armies in h'x^tx Germany^
was almoft intrapped by Wallcnjicn^ under pretence of making peace;
for he had recovered fm^wc about the beginning oi Aday ^ whence hedif-
mifled the ga'rifon withtheir fwords by their fides, being two and twenty
companies of foot, and two troops of horfe, they marched to Leutf/ieritz
where the ftrength of the Saxon Army lay ; but if Arnheim had not de-
parted the fooner thence , he had been encompafled by Duke Fridlands
Arm}', therefore he efcapes over the bridge of Le/z^^/er/V'zinthenight, and
comes to Virna.
go Whilft thefe doings were at Jlbk^ there was much aftion upon the Danow
between the Swedifli King, and the Eleftor of Bavaria , who having left Tilly
tut Ingoljiad, cunningly en com paflethfi^^/f^tf we; he makes ftiew of mufteting
one of the Garrifon troops without the gate; but whilft the Citizens were
going to Church , that Garrifon feifed on the gate, and fuddenly nine troops
of horfe enter the Town, who plundered the Townfmen of their beft goods
and money : the i'^v^r^w afterward made this his chief feat; in the interim
Count T/Z/j/ dieth at 7«^<7//?W of the wound he received at Lycus t the King
begins to lay fiege to Ingoljiad^ but as he was viewing of the works, his white
horfe was ftiot under him ; Chrifiopher Durlaccnus ^ a Marquefl'e , was killed
40 with a bullet, and one of the Kings chief Commanders was mortally
wounded , wherefore the Swedes held it beft to give off their enterprife j lo
they march from thence to Monachium^ the Bavarians chief feat , which with
fome other Towns fubmitted to the Sveede ; in Monachium were found a hun-
deredand forty brafle Ordnance, and other great Guns, in one of which
were hid thirty thoufand Crowns; the Country people were fo inraged
againft the Swedes^ that they cut off the nofes and ears of divers ftraglers , and
killed many of them; the Boors rife in great numbers and kill divers garrifons^
but they were quickly fupprefi'ed by the fouldiers, and their chief incendiaries
put to death :but when the King underftood that the Ratisbonians made divers
5c>excurfions, and had taken Weijjenkirg^ he leaves ^^■y^^m, and returns to Do-^
navcrd, into which he puts a ftrong garrifon , the like he did in Ausburg and
Rama. And now the Imperialifts being ftrong , all Germany is in a flame ; Off a s
the Emperors Lieutenant rageth with fire and fvvord through Alfatia^ fome
Towns he burns down to the ground;5^p7>c is taken,and plundered : Oxenjiern
:it Nen>Jiad {Ms upon a party of the Csefarians, from whom he took three
colours and fome part of their plunder ; Duke Fridland having taken in Egra
Y y and
390 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
J rU.i(ii and EUmho^, prepares to unite his forces with the Bavarhns; Ta^fenher^^
t!2^-s%i having wafted the borders of H#^ , threatens ihunngia-^ 5/r^y^«r^ which
now Tided with the Swede , fends to King Gnfiavus three troops of horfe and
fix hundred Mufquetiers : the Bavarian having left a garrifon mRambone^
marcheth with an hundred thirty four Cornets of horfe , and eight and
fifty companies of foot, which he joynedtothe Walejtinc forces ^ this made
the King, being now near Honberg^to intrench , and to fend for all his difper-
fed forces^ in the mean time T«/?rffe//«fcroneof theSwedifh Colonels was in-
tercepted by the IVallajien forces,who took him prifoner , and cut in peeces his
whole Regiment, at which the King grieved exceedingly 5 at length in Jidj/^ ^^
upon the drawing near of both Armies, divers skirmiflies and light encoun-
ters were made, neither of the Commanders being willing to hazard the
whole Army ^ FridUnd endeavoured to keep off provifion from the Swedes^
but the Swedifh Auxiliaries who were comming to joyn with their main
body intercepted the Caefarian provifions.
About the end of ']uly , the Csefarians had laid up great ftore of corn and
other provifion in f-re//?^.^, which when the King knew by a Captain whom
he took prifoner, he fends 'i>/prf^f//wx lately difmiffed by Walkjiine WithiomQ
Dragoons thither, hebreakingopen the gates with petards, enters the town
in the night, burnt all the corn, and drove away the cattel:, the King comming ^^
to aid TKpj^e//«/ with more forces, makes anambulh fortheCa^farians who
were comming to revenge their lolles, out of which he fuddenly fallies , and
put the enemy to flight, having killed divers. About the midft of ^«i:«/, the
Kingof5'H'c^e/z was fifty thoufand ftrong, fo that they dared the Cslanans
who were entrenched ; after the Armies had thundered three dayes together
with their ordnance againft: each other, the Wallejlenians began to march
away^the King therefore Augitfi 24.f;ills upon the Imperialifts,all that day they
fought till the night parted them ^ of the Imperial ifts were Hain a thoufandj
of the Srvedes feven hundred: FridLtnds own horfe was fhot under him : at lait
about the eight of September , Gitjiavus for want of viftuals was forced to rife
firft and march away to hSeivjiad--, at Noribergv^eie left three hundred horfe and 5^
eight Regiments of foot : tridLwd being out of hope to recover Noriberg^
fcts fire on the neighbouring villages , and marcheth to Forcheim ^ whofe rear
was fet upon by the garrifon of Nor 1 berg.
Out of the Diocelle of Trovers ifliieth a new Army,which Ojja and Monticu-
cuIhs joyn to their own forces, with thcfe they wafi:e and fpoil all the Country
about, but they were refifted by Home , who purfues them into upper Alfatia^
where he took Benfcld and other places^ theDukeof 5^xo«/e/ forces had
been fent away, fome to Silefu^ others to the Swedifh camp : hereupon Holkjur
one of the Csfarian commanders, with 8cco. refolute men , falls with fire and .^
fword upon Saxony^ M/Jnia and Nar/Jh , burning and plundringas far as
Pre/J^ the Dukes feat ; he exadeth great fums of money from the Town of
Jnnebergfind puts a garrifon in ZH7ccavja--^lValJlcin divides his ArmyjUnd fends
the Bavarian forces into Bavaria , Gallai with a party is fent into Bohemia^ and
FranconiaWaljiein retains to himfelf, Callas fubdues all the places he went
through to the Emperor, and waftes Noricum ; Waljtem takes in Columbac and
Coburg^ but the Caftle held out for the Duke of Saxony : the King alfo divides
his Army, a part whereof he fends to attend the motions of Fridlattd:
Fy.cina was delivered up to the Bavarians by A/utfe fa/I the Swedilh governour,
wherefore by the Kings command helofethhis head, and the Town is re- 50
taken by the Swedes in offober-^ Bcrnhard of Vinaria falls fuddenly on the
Carfarian Croats, defeats them, and takes ten colours from them, which
made Fr7ci/,/«ij/ change his refolution, who thought to break in upon Thu-
ringja--) the King cuts off the Z/^z'.trMK Auxiliaries that were going to relieve
Laiifen..', which at length Kn/phi/Ji/0 took for the Svpede : in Saxony^ GaUas and
HolI{\vai\c all, who take in Freiberg for the Emperor, the Citizens were forced
Ch A p. I o. Hijiory of the U'^orld. 3 9 1
to pay icoooo. Doll ers to keep otT the fouldicrs from plundering; and the An.chrifit,
Eleftor redeemed his Chappel and Tombs of his Anceilors from Ipoiling for ^-»^"V-^k.'
eighty thoufand Dollers. Jrnbem iuhdms the \owtv yllf.ttjuiox: xheSrvedesi
Iridlattd doth the like \n Saxony for the Emperor. Lipjic^ 0&oh.22. is fur-
rendred to Hoik , the Inhabitants are difarmed and pay to the Emperor 50000.
Dollers. r.o/?pt7/*y delivers up ^/tv//c«^7/r^ to the Csfarians, for which after-
ward he loft his head. Many other Towns, to avoid prcfent mine, fubmitred
to the Imperial yoke in Saxony -^ which Pappenhem alfo threatens with fire and
fword, being now returned from his fruitlellc expedition to Vtrrcht--, the King
JO perceiving that his confederate Duke oi Saxony was in danger to lofe all his
Country, makes hade to relieve it before the two Armies of Waljicin and Pap-
penhcm were conjoyned.
The fatal battel was fought at Ltitzen the 6. of November^ after fome light
skirmifl:es, the next day as foon as the Sunne had difperfed the clouds, the
Ring having called upon God , and refufing to cat any thing, leads out his
Army, which the enemy encounters with great fury 5 the heat of the battel
was about ten of the clocks the left wing of the Ca^farian Army began to give
ground, which the King obferving, prelkth on them the more eagerly, and
purfueth them fo for in their flight, that he received divers wounds, of
20 which he died immediately the eight and thirtieth year of his life, to
the great grief of his Army, but to the encouragement of the Croats,
who wheeling about the Rings viftorious wing, fell upon the Swedifti
carriage , but were beat back with loffe : Bernehard who had the charge
of the left wing, behaved himfelf fo bravely, that he put the enemy to
flight: and now the battel feemedto be at an end v but Pappenhem^ to his
owne ruine, makes haftefrom Hall^ rallies again the difordered and run-
ning Caelarian Troops, with whom he joyns his owne forces, and be-
gins a more furious conflict in the darke, then that which was fought
by day-light, in which he loft his life honourably ^ the fight cotitinued
20 till eight of the clock, and then the Cafarians gave ground, retreatuig
to Lrpfic^- they left behinde them fome part of their Ordnance and
baggage '-, about nine thoufand of both fides vvere killed, and two of the beft
fouldieis of their time, Ring Ciijiavui and Pappenhem--). the Ring prefaged his,
own death , and wiftied his friends not to truft in him , whofe breath was in
his noftrils , but rather in Chrjji Jefus , who promifed he would be with his
Church to the end of the world. .:.
Duke FridUnd the. next day after the battel left Lipjtc^ and being
highly difpleafed that fome of his officers had forfaken their colours, and
plundred their fellow- fouldiers , he afterward at Pras,nc condemned them to
4.0 death by aCouncelof war. Holk^ delivers up the City-keyes to the Senate
of Lipjic ^ of which the Saxons^ Navem. 10. took pofleffion, being fur-
rendred to them. The Rings Army j though their head was gone, yet re-
folve to profecute the work , they toke Chemnitz, Ple7_ffenburg zndZniccavia,
under the command o( Bernhardt Knip hits and Home'-) the fame Home took
■alfo the Imperial City C^//«itnrf , which had been taken five years before by
the Imperialifts , the Proteftant Religipa is there fet up again , and their
liberties confirmed by Articles. Haggenove admits a Swedi{h garrifon;
Franke'idaleh rei^ored Novepi. 26. to the Palfgrave, the Spahifh garrifoti
is thence tranfported to Lucemberg. Frederic!^ the PalfgriWc, having by
59 the Swedifti aid recovered a great part of his Piatrimotiyl, dcpar'teth
this W^e ax MentZyNavember ic). hee left tenne Children behinde him ,•
begot of the Lady Elizabeth daughter to Ring James -^ his brother
titdovic Philip:^ who had alfo loft his eftate undertakes the adminiftra-i-
tion of the EleftoratCx lands : Oxenftertt Chancellonr of Stverhldnd i, isl
made Prote6i"or of that Ringdome , and oichrjfliana the Rings only daughter?
>indheir, being now feven years old. 'About this time the Diocefie of Co/c»
Y y 2 which
35)1 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
^«.C/)ri/?/. which had been the fanftuaiy of the exiled Prelates, is now much molefted
v.'<^''VNio by lyjUiam of HAjJaxc^ and Henry Baitclfs, who took divers Towns there , a cer-
tain fouldier being a prifoner in St. ZHafis Church, fets firetofome barrels
of Gunpowder there, which was the death of 300. perfons^ the Duke of
Luneburg having an Army of 1 6coo. falls fuddenly upon the Imperialifts , of
1^33' which he takes 400. prifoners , the reft being above a 1000. he puts to flight,
whom the ^we^e and 5^X(;«j-purfue, killing and plundering many of them,
Anderac'xs befieged by Count Ifenburg, and his Csfarian forces , who were
ftoutly repulfed by Rantzovius the Holjiatian governour, who fallied out three
times upon them 5 at laft Bauclif comming with new fupplies forced the Impe- jo
rialifts to raife their fiege after they had made breaches in the walls by their
ordnance, and were ready to enter the Town : Hamclia is befieged by Ltme-
burg^ but the Town had within it fix foot companies, and two troops of
horfe, with all fort of provifions which made the fiege longer then was ex-
pected •-, William Landgrave of Hajjia defeats the Csfarians that were com-
ming to the relief of the Town, of thefe 7000. were killed, the reft fled , and
Hamelia. at length is taken. Horn this year did great fervice for the Crown of
Swede by taking in divers Towns in Germany , but in Jlfatia the .Boors made
another infurreftion , in which divers fouldiers were killed and tortured by
them , but Rheingravius fupprefled 400a of them , and hanged up 1 30. At 20
Bibrac were feen two 'fwords in the Aire , the one was bloody , and the other
fiery ^ fo the year before in Germany^ the Lakes were feen all bloody 5 in their
bread,and on their trees blood was feen, a two-headed calfe^and a two-headed
childe were ingendered in March. Raina is by the treachery of the Townfmen
delivered up to the ^^i^i^mw/ again. Htfr»xandthe r/»4m« forces being joy-
nedmake up 28. thoufand foot, and 12000. horfe , with thefe they fall upon
Bavaria , they defeat 'John de Werds horfes , and take in divers Towns , mean
while the Cafarian and Bavarian forces do joyn near Ratkbone : FridlandWixh
a great Army enters Silefa-j the Polonian forces are overthrown by the Sivedes:
Vlricus the Danilh Prince defeats 2000. Cxfarian horfe , and takes Brattra
from them^ the King of Denmark,, and the new elefted King of Poland^
VladiJIaui 4. fon to Sigifmund labour much for a general peace in Chriften-
dome 5 fearing left the Turk having defeated the Pcrfian , (hould fall upon
them •, but the French and Proteftant party in Germany would not hearken to
any till the liberty of Germany (hould be reftored^ Oxenjiern is made Prefident
of the Councel of war : the French renew their league with the Swedifti party.
HeidelbergWith the Caftle is retaken by the Proteftants. In Swethland the aft
is renewed for dif-inheriting Sigifmunds heirs fi-om that Crown, and the
jiHgufian confeflion is again confirmed '■, the care of the young Queen is com-
mitted to the chief officers of that Kingdome , and the war againft the Cjefa- ^o
rians is continued till a firm peace be concluded , for this parpofe the taxes on
the mills and houfes are eftablifliedj the Kings corps is fent home to be inter-
red in his Anceftors tombe.
Chap. XI.
The Savoyan Hijiory from the year 1504. till the year i^2o.
1504. V^ Harks the third, the ninth Duke of Savoy, fucceeded to his brother Phil- 50
f bert,he was fon to Duke Philip the fecond : the firft year of his govern-
^^-^ment was accompained with fueh a plague through all Savoy, that there
wanted men to bury the dead, and Till the ground : the firft ten years of this
Duke, Savoy enjoyed much peace 5 till he made ufe of the French army againft
the switzers,v/hich had made excurfions upon Savoy, and plundred fome parts
of the Delphinat : this army Frmck the Frepch king and Nephew to this
Ckarlec
Chap, i i . Bifiory of the World, 3 9 ^
ChMs by his fifter, had raifed for recovering of the Dukcdomeof ;i///7./»^ tht ^ckiTiif
Sivitzers were angry with Charls for permitting t)ie French Army to patle tho- v-^'V^
row his Territories, and affifting them with neccllaries, which favour the
Switzers had denied them by the Duke, though they were beaten, and Alil/an ^ "> ^ ^'
furrendcred^ yet they ftill hated the Duke, rtorming that their Cities in Sa-
voy and Piemont were open to the French, and fhutagainll thern^ and that
the Duke had furniflied the French with Victuals and great Ordnance. Fran-
ks returning from MilJati^ walks on foot with all his train to Camerimim in per-
formance of his Vow, and is magnificently entertained by the Duke in his
10 houfe divers daies together, after many complements and thanks given by
the king to his Uncle, he returns to Lions , but thefe courtefies were afterward
forgotten by king Francis^ when he fent againft Savoy a great arrny, under Fhi-
lip Chabot Admiral of France , who ftript the Duke of a great part of his Dut-
chie, notwithftanding he had the help of the Emperour Chads $. the caufe of
this quarrel proceeded from the claime which Francis laid to the Dutchie of
Savoy by his mother, the daughter of Margaret oiBurbon , firfl: wife to Fhilip
father of this Duke charls ; to his faid mother Francis alledged the Dutchy be-
longed, and not to Charts^ becaufe (he was the eldeft 5 and upon the Articles of
marriage between Thilip their father,and the friends o^Margaret^vt was agreed,
30 that without difference of fex, the children of their bodies ftould fucceed.
Whereupon, for ten years together, Ambafladours were fent to demand that
Dutchy, which Francis faid belonged to him in right of his mother, notwith-<
ftanding the woman was excluded by the Salique law among the Savoyens :
at laft, he defired fo much of it as lay in France, on this fide of the river of Ro-
han , being given to his grandmother Margaret oiButbon^ in right of her mar-
riage : He demands alfo Brejja^ and forty years arrears, amounting to 180000
crowns with all the intereft 5 befides, fome part oi Piemont as belonging to
province ; he complains likewife that laurinum and other towns beyond the
P(?, were annexed to the Dutchy of Savoy, durmg tht heat of this war, and
30 after the death oi Robert king of Sicily^ Count of Province^ and Prince of Pie-
mont 5 befides, he faith, that the county of Nice^ and Haven oiVille Franc, did
alwaies appertain to the county of Province, but now by the treachery of the;
inhabitants, under the power of Savoy 5 that divers places alfo of the Marqui-
fat oiSalnfJes were violently taken away from the Dolphin by the SaVoyen r
moreover, that the Duke had fcornfuUy rejcfted the badge of St. Michael, fent
to him by the French kingiVnth the Captainfliip of 100 Courizers,and a pcnfi-
on of twelve thoufatid crownsjand lafi:ly,that in hatred of the French D. charts
had affifled the Spainard and Burgundian, and had alwaies been in league with
the Emperour Charls 5. and at that time too when he was unfortunately taken
40 prifoner by him, at the battel ofPapia : For thefe ieafons,Savoy is nbad^ a prey
tGtheF»"e»fA,whofeife upon the high countries thereof i to the Bemois who
invade the low and fruitfialleft parts 5 and to Charls the Emperour, who takes
poffeffion of the chiefCities.
Others doe give thefe reafons, why Francis was fo offended with D. Charlesi
r. Becaufe he pawned his Plate to aS\i!i Charles of Burbon, then a Rebel and
enemy to the crovm of France. 2. Becaufe he preferred the counfels of his
wife, a Lufitatiian, and fifter to Charles the fifths wife, before Francis his uncle*
5. For fending gratulatory letters to Csfar^ after his vidory at Papia. 4. For
endeavouring to break off the league between France and Helvetia. 5. Becaufe
50 he received the city oiAJla, the French patrimony above a hundred years, in
Italy: this C««y^ gave to the Duke, to keep out the French from ever entrihg
again into Italy. 6. Becaufe he would not part with the city Nicea, a Colony
of the MajfiUaHs in Province , which the French had pawned to him for a fum
of mony, though the mony was tendred by the King , who was not willing to
part with that town, both becaufe of its ftrength, harbout, and fituationj, as
parting Italy from France^, 7. Becaufe upon intreaty he would not give way
that
~^^ "the Second T^rt of the Book VI."
^w.cMT?/. that the Pope fhould give the French king a meeting there. 8. For denying
w^"V^ * paffage through his country to the King , when he was haftening to Millan to
be revenged on the Duke of that place, for caufing his Ambailador to be put
to death.
For thefe caufes the Duke fo incenfed the French king, that he rui-
ned his country. His policie had been better ( fay fome ) to have held in
yN\t\\ France^ both by reafon of its vicinity, of its power, andalfooftheneer-
neffe of blood between the King and Duke , then to hearken fo much to the
Emperor, and to be led away by him , who was too far off to do him either
hurt or good. The Srvitzers alfo, upon therequeft of Geneva, threaten war i©
againft Savoy, if the Duke offer to trouble that city, which was in league with
them. CA/ir/e/ having fent a crabbed anfwer to the ^jr/Zz.erj , and perceiving
what danger he was in , fends privatejy to Charles the Emperor, being then at
Prf«flW/»»/ after his viftory at T««//, for aid: but the matter was not carried
fo clofely, as to conceale it from the French king , who was the more enraged
againft D.C/j-^r/e/, becaufe he demanded of the Emperor fome places in Italj^
promifing him in lieu thereof all that he poffefled in France behind the JlpSy
with the city of Geneva , fo that he might have eafie accefTe to the confederate
countries. If this had fucceeded,F)-^«a- had been undone, the Emperor having
an entrance made for him : but the King a while took no notice of this, till he 20
had anfwer from theSavoyantohis demands, which were, That he might
have a free paflage to Alillan. This being denied , he claimed the Dutchy of
Savoy as his due ; and the rather , becaufe he could not truft the Duke with
fuch places, as might let in his enemies upon him when hepleafed. Mean
while, becaufe the King fufpeded he ftiould receive no good anfwer from the
Duke, he makes ready a ftrong army under PA;//p C/)^/'^/^/««- his Admiral^ he
firft feifed on the tranf-alpin towns , then having paffed the Alps he takes in
fome of the fub-alpin places. But the French victories had a check given them
by the MtUanois^ who ftaid his progreffe , otherwife VerceUiz. and a great part
of the fubalpin territories had been brought under the French yoke ; befides, ^q
Thilip was ftopt by John Cardinal of L(>r47«, whom the Erriperor had fent
with proportions of peace , and therefore wiihed rhilip to go no further then
the river Diiria , aad that he (hould not offer any aft of hoftility to hinder the
peace, left he incur the Emperors difpleafure. Thilip did as he was counfclled,
thinkingthc Emperor thereby would be the more traftable,and that he would
not aft any thing diftionorable to him : but a little while after, the war broke
out again, and in a ftiort time, by the valour of Count Fanus Vaulinuf;^ Francis
obtained almoft all S.ivoy.
The French writers ftrive to excufe king Francis his invafion of 5'rf7'<y,and to
blame the Duke , but indeed, the kings reafons were but fpecious pretences^ 40
and the true reafon was his unbridled defire of domination 5 otherwayes he
would have preferred that neerneffe of blood with the Duke to any title ^ but
indeed it feems he had nones, for it's unlikely that either Duke Thilip would
have afted any thing againft the Salique law, or that his people, would have
afl'ented thereto, being carefully from the beginningobferved by themj fo.
that with much adoe would they fufferat any time the mother, during the
nonage of the Duke, torule that Dutchie : neither can Duke charU be blamed
for entertaining a league with the Emperor, confidering his powCT and great-
nes, as alfo the many and long leagues between the Houfes ofBtirgundy and Sor
voy ^ and that faithfull correfpondency between the Empire and Savoys be- ,50
fides, Duke charls thought there needed no other league with king FratfcJs
then that which nature had already made, to wit, confanguinity. The lofie
therefore oi Savoy cannot be imputed to the Dukes want of pQlicy,or any neg-
ligence, but rather to that all-ruling Providence which hath prefer ibed cer-
tain periods of time to all powers and principalities, which are no lefle fubjcft ,
to change and mortality then the men themfelves of which they are com-
pofcd.
Chap, i i . Htjtory of the IForld. 3'^ ^
pofed. And although King Fr4«c// was a good Prince^ yet in this he was no Jtr.chrijig,
good man, toinvadeand challenge anotheis right , and much lelle could he ^-^"V^
be a good Chriftianjwho would make a league with that great Antichrift and
call in the Turk upon Chriftendome , becaufe he could not otherwayes be re-
venged on the Emperor, this was an ad ill-befeeming the moft Chriftian
King.
Duke Charles made no refiftance to the French forces , for indeed he could
not, having exhaufted all his treafury on the Genevan war, for that City took
occafion to rebel upon this difcord between France and Savoy , therefore
10 the Duke did what he could to reduce them to obedience, which he could
not becaufe of ferw which took the Genevans part 5 befides the Duke relied
I on the Emperors power and authority, thinking the French would have fub-
niitted to what agreement he fhould make : the Emperor indeed was much
incenfed againft the French, of whom he complained to the Pope in the
afl'embly of the Cardinals, that Francis had invaded the Territories of a
Prince joyned fo nearly to the Empire by affinity, and under theproteftion of
the Empire, yea the Empires Lieutenant; the hainoufnefle of which aft he
aggravates, in that it was againR the Kings own Uncle : having complained^he
marcheth towards France with his Army , whence enfued a long war between 1525.
20 the two great Monarchs of Chriftendome, to the great deftrudion of
riemoNt-^ the fuccefle of this war was various ; at laft the French Kbg having
recruited his Army, and raifed the fiege from Taurjtmm and Pignerol^ a truce
for three moneths is concluded, and after them for three moneths longer
1^ whichbeingexpired, and all hopes of peace blafted,the war is renewed.
^ C^i/r/e/theEmperor had called a Diet at Ratisbotie (^^incxentXj Augujia Ti- l54li
beria^ for com poling the differences of Religion, in this the Duke oi Savoy
complained of the wrongs done him by the French King without any groutjd:
the French Ambaffador there, anfwers by a writing , which caufed great de-
bate and different opinions among the Princes,fo that nothing was concluded,
30 whereupon the war (as is faid) was renewed ; mean while the Turkifh fleet of
150. Gallies which the French king fent for , arrives into the harbour of Mar-
Jiles^ under the conduft of Hariadcn Acnobarb a notorious Pyrat, thefe having
fpent moft part of the Summer in that harbour, upon the French kings defire,
for whom Solym.in had fent them , befiege mc£A a haven Town in Province
both by fca and land , hither theBifhop o£ Geneva being driven out,tranflated
his feat : this Town,after the great ordnance had battered down the walls and
forts,fought ftoutly againft the Turks,whofe ftandard they took,the ftandard-
bearer being killed , but at laft the Town is taken, plundered and burned, yet
the Caftle ftanding on a high cliffe, held out by the valour of Paul Simeon the
4.0 governour thereof, and one of the Knights of Rhodes. Alphonfus Gujiavus
hearing that the Town was befieged , but not taken , ( he was the Emperors
Lieutenant in //<!(>' , and W\ce.-roy oi Millan) makes hafte to relieve it, with
him were joyned D.Charls his forces, thefe feeing the Town deftroyed,relieve
the Caftle with all neceflaries for a long fiege , commending the valour of Si-
meon and the fouldiers that held out,and preferved the Townfmen , Aehobarh
now out of all hope to gain the Caftlegteturns to Marjiles : Guajiius mean while
layeth fiege to Montevic one of the chief fub-alpin Cities , whofe defection
from the Empire had drawn many others after it , at laft after a long fiege the
Town yeelds, and ftiortly after 85. Caftles fubmitted to the Imperial yoke.
50 Acnobarh fends out of the Port of iholon (of old Tarenta, which is towards
Marjiles ) two paftage-Earks to Solyman at Conjiantmople laden with captives^
among which were divers boyes and handfome maids,thclc had been perpetual
flaves to the Turk and Devil, had not Garcias Toletanus the Vice-roy of Naples
his Ton with fome Gallies fallen upon the Turkifti convoy, which he overcame,-
and fo refcued the two Barks; thefe he fent home with a ftrong convoy , and Cd
Solyman came Diort of this booty ,38 alfo of the rich prefents \7hichAen0barb had
appointed ,
35)5 "The Second Tan of the Book VI.
An.Chrifli. appointed for him, all which were taken by Garcias : Aboui this time Lnxen-
}^<W>J Inrg which Charles D. oi Orleans^ and fon to King Fratuk had taken two years
before, was retaken by the Csfarians, with divers other Towns. The French
layfiegeto Carigna which G/mJ/w/ endeavoured to raife ^ a hot skirmilhlaftcd
an hour/m which the Marquefs was worfted, and hardly efcaped with his life ■■,
in this fight 9C00. were flain, and almoft 2000. were taken; the Town being
1544' tired out with continual duty and famine, atlaftfurrenders. The fame year
C^j^r calls a Diet at Spire, thither King Fr^«<:^ fends his Amballadors with
feme inftruftions in Print, but they were not permitted to enter :, and withall
Franck is declared an enemy to the Empire, for invading the Duke of Savoy s 10
Country,and for calling in the Turks upon Chriftendomejwho had taken from
the Savoyan the Town and haven of Wic^aov Nijja , therefore they order that
war be denounced againft him , and that the Duke be reftored to all his goods
andeftate; An aft alfopaffed for fix months pay towards the maintenance of
of Cccfars Army, confifting of 24000. foot and 4000. horfe ; All French foul-
diers are baniftied out of G«-»/^Hj,and punifnment threatned againft thofe that
Ihall harbour or relieve any : Thus a great Army being raifed , theEmpeiof
invades France on the one fide, and the Englifi on the other^ many Towns are
taken, much blood ftied, and a great fear at Faris^ but an unexpefted peace is
concluded; yet fome years after the war was renewed, fome Towns are taken 20
J 5 5 * • by the French in Fiemont, but they are forced to forfake Vercellce after they had
taken it, upon the report of C^e/^rj- Army that was marching thither : Atlall:
Duke Charles ended his troubles, which he bore with fingular patience, by de-
Earting out of this turbulent life into a more peaceable and calm , and was
uried at Verce/IiC.
To Duke charts fucceeded his fon Emanuel Fhilhert : he was bred from his
childhood in the Court o£ Charles ^. Emperor, who loved him exceedingly
for his eminent parts, and made him Captain of his Life-guard, confifting of
4000. horfe : afterward when the Emperor Charls transferred all his King-
1555. domes and power upon his fon P/j/7/p, the fame Emanuel w:ns by rhihp made 50
governour of the Low-countries, in which office he fo behaved himfelf for the
time he was in it, which was four years, till he returned to his own dominion,
that he left behinde him a good name; he bare his fathers loffes fo patiently,
that God at laft reftored him to his inheritance : King Philip made him Gene-
raliflimoof his whole forces, by whofe valour he obtained that memorable
vidory over the French at S. ^i/«/^7« , and withall took the City it felf. Tv\o
years after, peace being made between king Philip andkin^Henrj o^ France,
Emanuel was reftored to his fiill eftate , and withall married with Aiargarct
Henries fifter; but the French retained a while in their hands Tttrin , ViUanova,
jjien^ Guierfc and Chivali , which at laft he demands by his Legats from King 40
charls 9. of France^ who fucceeded his brother Francis ; but the French loth to
part with them , put off the Duke with long delayes andexcufes, alleadging
that N/ce^? and Villafranca^ with their dependances, were anciently annexed to
the County o^Trovince^and fubjeft alwayes to the Counts o£ Province^ and that
Queen Jo.m Neece to Robert king of Naples and Earl of Province, and after her
Lerv/s- the firft Duke of Abides whom flie had made her heir, did poflefle thefe
now when the houfes of Amdes and Arragon fell at variance for the kingdome
of N<rf /c'jthe Savoyan upon this took occafion to feife on Nicea and VilUfranca^
having no title to them J andwouldneverfince that time be induced to part
with them ; but the French kings have right to them by the laft will of Charles 50
Duke of Amdes, Earl of Province^ and king of Naples, the laft of that family :
Th'isChurles bequeaths his whole eftate to Lewk 1 1 . of trance, and to his fon
Charles, whom withall thefucceeding kings of Fr4»re he makes his heirs ;
therefore the Savoyan muft part with thefe places to rheFrench,before he can
have pofleflion of the Towns which the king holds from him; fo likevvife the
Principality of r7e«?i)«/ did of old belong to Province, and was pofleflcd by
the
Chap.i I. Uiflory of the JVorld. 35^7
the above named Qjoan. The French alfo prove the County oiAJien belongs An.ChrifiU
to them, becaufe 'john Gakacius Vifcount of Millan gave it in Dowry with his ^"♦"V^^dsi
daughter Valentine, when fhe married with Letvfs D. of Or/e<?«j-,great grand-fa-
ther to K. Charls 5 this County Charts 5. Emperor injuriously feifed upon,and
the Savoyen againftall right hath hitherto enjoyed it 5 they fhewalfo that
there have been many debates between the French and Savoyefr^aboxit the Mar-
quifat of SaliiJJes ^thzt the Counties of Genevaand Foucignium depend upon the
Delphinat, and are held in fee of the French^ therefore the Savoy en ought to do
homage to K.. Charls for them, as his anceftors had done heretofore. Lafl:ly,the
10 French Ambafladorsfhew, that whereas Fhilip oi Savoy hdc\\v\g married with
Margaret oiBurbon, and that Ludovica mother to K. Yrancis was the daughter
of this M^r^^ref , and that it was agreed upon, artitles of marriage, that the
children ofrAiZ/p and M<?r^4re^{hould have (hares in their eftate 5 that there-
fore the Vrench king had reafon to lay claim to fome parts oi Savoy.
Thefe and other reafons were alledged why the French king might retairt
thefe controverted towns, yetforquietnefle fake, becaufe France then had
many enmies, both inteftine and forraign, King Francis the fecond brother to
King charls fends to Burdiloun Govemour oiPiemont to deliver thefe towns to
the Savoyen,conditionally that he will part W\thSavillianum^zr\6. Pigfterol wkh
20 the adjacent Abbey %Hrdtllonius , upon this he cals together the chief Captains
and Governours of thofe places5acquainting them with the kings pleafure , it
was at laft agreed, not to obey prefently the kings command, but to ftay for
further order , feeing he was asyet under age, not fit to meddle with the af-
faires of the kingdom , and that this was a matter of great concernment , chief-
ly feeing it was agreed upon in the laft meeting at Lions between the Kings
and Dukes AmbafFadors , that Nicea with the tower and fubjacent places
(hould be reftored to the King, and that Fojfanmt with the adjacent places , as
likewife the County ofj^njien, and whatfoever by right of inheritance belong-
ed to Francis the hrft's mother, likewife the Marquifat of 5^/«^^,and alt
go places appertaining thereto, which the Savoyen heretofore took away inju-
rioufly from the Earls of Province, whileft they were imployed in the holy
war5 all thefe they held fit Ihould be reftored to the King. As for 7«n>;, when
the inhabitants faw themfelves forfaken by D. Charls^thcy of their own accord
fubmited to the French king Fr/jwc^- 3 petitioning earneftlythey might here-
after be under the proteftion of France, which was affenied to by king Fr4«-
cis : Upon thefe confiderations , 'Burdillonus thought it fit to acquaint king
charls \i\s mother, the king of N<?z/i«r then Lieutenant over all France, the:
Princes of the Blood, the Conftables , the Marlhals j and Chancellor, and the
kings Counfellours with thefe paffages, And humbly befeecheth them that
40 the kings Patent might be mended, and all their names added to it , that the
blame may not lie on him, if hereafter any thing (hould fall out amifle 5 with-
all he defires, that what (hall be concluded by them concerning this bufineflTe,
may be confirmed alfo by all the Parliamentsof France^ chiefly that o£ Paris : . - > ^
This was the fum of his Petition , which to moft of the kings Councel feemed 5
unreafonablc, feeing the reftitution of thofe controverted Places to the Savoy-
en was agreed upon at the laft meeting of the Spanifh and French Ambafla-
dours at Lions : therefore the French king had fent an exprefle Mandate for
their reftitution ^ and to this purpofe, Mai^garet king Charls his Aunt was mzv-
ncd to Ewaftnet Philbert Duke of ^<j^<?)' , by which marriage they have chil- *
50 d ten to inherit thefe lands. Therefore the opinion of the Councel was, that
reftitution (hould be prefently made to the Duke without any further delays,
for this caufe a new Order is fent , which confirmed the former, (hewing with-
all that what was concluded by the Councel of State,alwayes attending on the
king, was not to be ratified or queftioned by any Parliament of Fr^wfe 3 fee-
ing by the cuftom of that kingdom,the kings Councel is of greater dignity and
authority then any French parliam«nt.
3^8 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
Ah.Chrijii. The king to fatisfie Burdillon^ caufed the king o^Navar and the reft of the
v<^'"^^'^^^ Senators to put their Hands and Seals to the kings order, though without pre-
(ident or cuftome 5 he is commanded therefore prefently to reftore the contro-
verted places,conditionally that the king be put in poffeffion by theDukeof the
places, agreed on in the lafl: conference at Ltons^to wit, Savillan^ Petroujte^ Pyne-
roU^ ^niiGinoUiy but the two former were reftored by Henry 3. at Turin^ where
he was magnificently entertained by the D.F«/<t««e/ in his journy from Poland^
when he was comming to receive the Crown o( France , his brother Charts be-
ing dead ; this he gave as a gift to his Auntjthe Dukes wife,and her fon Charls.
15 7 4' About fix years after, Emamtel Philhert departed this life at Ihrin , whofe body 10
was buried at Vercelles^ in his fathers tomb.
To him fucceeded his fon Charts 4. firnamed Emanuel , he was born the 61.
I S 8 0. y^^^ of this Century,and in the 80. year fucceeded. In the 8 year of his govern-
ment, he invades and takes the towns oiCarmamola and Saluftum, which were
in jurioully detained by the French from him^for in the conference at Lions the
French King promifed the Sfainard^that the Savoycn lliould have reftitution of
all places taken from him by xh.Q French in the laft war bet ween them, which
lafted 23 years , except fome townSjamong which were thefe two now named j
thefe the king would \tizml\\\ Margaret lliould bring forth children to her
husbandjand then would refi:ore them; But he did not, though often foUicited 20
after the birth of D. Charts ^ Wherefore he takes them by force, being there-
to animated by rhitJ^ 2. oispa}>/ his father in law j and finding a fit opportu-
nity thereto by reafon of the.diftra6tion o^ France^ by their civil wars.
Chap. Xll.
The Hijlory of Hnngivy front the beginning till the year 1 532.
THe H«»/apeopleof ^f-j'/Zj/^, tranfported themfelves into this part of
Titnonia, which from them is called H««^.ir^5 it was inhabited by the
Coths^ who by the Huns were driven out thence: Many of the Ojirogotht
joyned with the Huns^ and fo made up one Nation : the Vejlrogoths went into
Myfia and Thracia^ by the confent o(l atence the Emperour , conditionally that
they lliould defend the borders of the Empire from the Huns ^ but the cove-
toufnefle and negligence of the Roman Governour« gave occafionboth to
Goths and Huns to invade the Empire, fo that after divers battels , the Romans
were forced to let the H««.r enjoy all P^«tf«/<? quietly, where as foon as they
were fctled, they chofethemfelves a King, Atttla by name, .who much mo-^Q
lefted the Romans .• in his abfence he left his brother Buda to govern his king-
dome, whom after his return from the wars oiMyjiay ihrace^Macedon^ and lUy-
ricutn^ he caufed to be ftrangled, upon fufpicion that he affefted the kingdom.
After this, he invadeth Germany and France, with a nurnerous Army, fpoiling
all before him with fire and fword , but was met and overthrown by Mtius^
in this battel 180000 Huns were flain, Attita fled by night into his Camp, com-
manding thofe that were about him to burn him, ifthe enemy (hould obtain
the Camp, becaufe he would not fall into their hands alive: But when he
faw the enemy was retreated,he fals Furioufly upon all the neighbouring coun-
tiies, Iparing neither fex nor age \ then he goeth to Sicamhria . now called B«- 50
da , where he gave himfelf to his delights ^ but he could not be long without
aftion : therefore aiming gt the Empire of the world, he invades 7/^/; with a
hugh Army, which ftruck fuch a terrour there,that after he had taken Aav.ilei*
after three years fiege, many out of all parts oiltaty fled to the Iflnnds of the A-
driat/'ck(c2 , where they built them a City, now the Queen of the Sea : many
other Cities of j/^/jfubmittedtc him 5 hq,abftained from Rof»e upon thein-
T treaty
Chap, i o. Biflory of the World, ~~3^7^
treaty of Pope Le^?. Being returned to Pamnia, hediedofan Apoplexie, and^«.cW-
fudden erruption of blood. After his death, his children driving for his Do- U^Hw'
minions, loft all : fo that the Goths feifed upon ranonia^ whofe power after
this grew fo great, that they had got almoft the whole Empire o^ Italy, odoa-
cer the Gothifli king made Jugnjiulus refigne the Empire , fo that he, and eight
Gothifli kings that fucceeded to him, enjoyed the Weftern Empire with Tano^
«/<«, whom the Lowbards drove out of ranonia firft, then out oi Italy ; Thefe
being wholly addidted to Italy ^ left ranonia. to the remainder of the Htms^ con^
ditionally, that if their affairs fliould not fucceed in Italy^ they might be recei-
lo ved again into Tanoma ^ they under their King Albonjus ereded a kingdome
in Italy. The H/mx make eruptions upon divers parts of Germany, with great
lofle to both Countries.
In this mean time, two hundred and fixteen thoufind Scythians breake in
Xi^onVAnoniaihxou^ Mufcovia and Sarmatia. \nDacia, w4/z«^<f defcended of
y^W;/^, did reign : to him being flain {xxccetded Ar^adius ^ who fends to ^w^j^er
then Prince of -y^rw^f/^?, a horfe richly trapped, and a requeft, that he would
fpare fome of his wafte lands to his people,who wanted ground 5 Srtates at firft
aflbnted, but hearing of the rapacity and multitude of that people, refufed 5
whereupon he raifeth an Army : but the ftrangers challenging that land as
20 due to them, and bought by the horfe that was fent, march out againft Suates^
whom they defeated and drove into the D<z«tf»?, where he was drowned. Ar-
fadiits feifeth on the Country, and divides it among his Captains ; thefe being
fetled, and the Stythian yoke caftoff, they call themfelves Hungarians, and
had divers wars with the Polonians Bohemians^and Moravians. Charts the great
being molefted by the Hungarians invades their Country, and by his fon Pipifi ^
drives them out of all the higher Hungary. Gaba. their King, at Buda, in the
midfl of his jollity and pleafures is taken and imprifoned,where he killed him-
felf. charts caufeth the idols of Mars and Hercules there to be deftroyed, and
Chrift to be preached 5 he difarmed the people,difmantled the towns, and laid
go heavy taxes on them. When charts was dead Lindentm a potent and faftious
man, endeavoured to (hake off the yoke , and to reftore Hungary to its ancient
liberty , therefore Levois the Pious, to whom Hungary and the adjacent Coun-
tries were bequeathed by his fathers Will , raifeth an Army againft him ; Lin-
dentus marcheth with his forces, having wafted Carinthia, Dalmatia, and Bava-
ria : but he was defeated and driven to the mountains by Lewzr , to whom at
laft he fubmitted, and was pardoned. After this, the H««^<iri<i«j- were quiet
for fome years j but they break out again, invade Italy, and made Berengarius
who came againft them , to buy his peace. After them the Sara%ens fall upon
Italy, whom Albert Duke o^Etruria, defeated ^ but being flighted for his good
4^ fervice, he cals the Hungarians again into Italy,vfhich they miferably afflidted,
and made 5ere»^^r7«/ tributary thefecond time; thence they fell upon Ger~
many , and having defeated the German forces, they plunder Bavaria, and
Franconid--) thehavock and wafte they made in Germany, broke the heart of
Lew/^r the Emperour : Conradus his fucceflbr became tributary to ^Aungarys
Henry his fucceffour denyed to pay this tribute , wherefore they lay wafte
many parts of Germany ^ but at laft they are overthrown , and their Cap-
tain taken , whofe life they would have redeemed , but could not. Then a
peace of nine years is agreed on 5 but before thefe were expired, they demand
their tribute of the Emperour, who inftead thereof fent them a lameand
50 mangie Dog ; they to be revenged, fend three hundred thoufand men, whofe
cruelty in Germany was unfpeakable i, at length Henry defeats the, mone hund-
red Sc fifty thoufand are flain, & fifty thoufand of them taken prifoners : thus
Germany tefted a while -, then they return into Italy, and are quieted by a filver
fop from Berengarius 5. Toxk their K. not forgetful of their overthrow in Ger-
f»any^8-L hearing that Henry was dead,refolves to fall upon Saxony,hut Otho the
Emperor kept them out thence:fome years after,whcnO/A<? was diftrafted with
Zz 2 Civil
400 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.ChriJii. civil wars, T<?x/rf- invades Germany in divers places ^ but when the Princes were
V^J'^V'^O-^ reconciled, Otho raileth a great anny,and overtakes the Hung.iria/ts laden with
fpoile neer ^«J'«rs; , where a cruel battel is fought, and the Hungaiian army
quite routed, multitudes of them were drowned in the river, iomethat had
efcaped were burned in the houfes where they hid themfelves^ king 'iox;s is
taken with four other Princes, who all afterwards loft their heads.
^6<^. The kings olHiwgary , after they received the Chriftian faith , were thefe :
Gay feu ^ who was baptized by Adalbert Bilhop oii'ragHs-^ StemnVixs Ton was
baptized by the fame Bilhop , and afterward canonized; the Emperor Henry
married his fifter tothis 5rcw>/,and fo all Hwwcj^r)/ became Chriftian. This king lo
lived a holy life :, he built a fair Church on the hill 5m^£iw, and endowed it
heeredtedalfotheMonaftery oi^, Martin^ and another goodly Church, the'
burying place of the Polonian kings, with divers other monuments of his pie-
'039* ty-, he was buried in liis temple at Strigon. To him fucceededhis lifters fon
refL'f-,who for his tyranny is depofed.His fucceflbr was^^/'/'^jWho having reign-
ed three years, v.?as depofcd for his tyranny , and Peter reftored again •■, in his
time Hungary began to fall off from Chrillianity :, he reigned five years and
1047. fix moneths. Andrevp K.Stevens kinfman fet up again the Chriftian faith 5 he
hadtwofons, Sobnicn and David-^ he caufed Solomon to be crowned at five
years old 3 which occafioned a war between Andrew and his brother R/..', in 20
which Andrew is killed , and buried in the monaftery of S, Amian^ which he
1062. built himfelf. Belt his brother fucceeded, who had 3 fons, Geic%a^ Ladijliuf^
and Lamprtus : He was the firft there that ufed filver-coyn, weights and mea-
fures, and fet prices upon wares ^ he built a Monaftery in Zewkzare^ in which
be was buried ; he defeated Henry the Emperors forces,which were fent to aid
1065. his brother^ he died in the year 1065. Solomon K. ^^/^(S^jvrrx fon fucceeded,
but is driven out of the kingdome hy Gekz-a -^nd Lad/JIam the (onsoi Eela^
therefore he lived an Eremitical life in 7/^r/.? , where he died. G?icza BehCs
'^^7 7' eldeft fon fucceeded ^ in his time Hungary was vifited with a great famine. His
fucceilbr was his brother Ladijlam^ called the Saint, for his innocencie ; he ad- og
ded Dalmatia and Croatia to Hungary -^ he had many wars with the Scythians -j
^°9 5* he died childleffe. Colomannr^ Geicza's (on Cncceeded--) he was firft a Biihop,
and while he was king a cruel tyrant , he put out the eyes both of his brother
.^nd his brothers Ton , his bvother Almus afterward was by him murthered in
the church 5 he had two fons, Ladrjlauf and Steven who fucceeded to his fa-
^ ^ ^ 4- ther, being as yet young 5 he was called the Lightning by his fubjeds, becaufe
, his aftions were ludden and ra(h 5 having no children, and weary of govern-
^ ' mcnt, he betook himfelfto a Monaftery, where he died.
BeLi 2. called the blind , becaufe C^//-»/^««*y had blinded both him and his
father ^/;;/»^.<", fucceeded, he was a good, though a blind Ring : he had four 40
fons : He overthrev/ and put to fiight Colmannm his baftard , who had raifed
^ ' forces againft him : He died -^«.i 141. and was buried at ^//"iire^^ife or 5f«/«-
ncijfenburg , the place where the Hungarian kings are ufually crowned and
buried. Hisfon Gt?/fz.</ 2. fucceeded; hefupprefied the5</x^«j-,y^///Zr74«j,and
Bavarians^ who had invaded H/w^^^rj ; he was a pious Prince, and built divers
' ^ Churches,leavingfourfonsbehindhim5hedied^w.ii6i.hiseldeftfon5few«3
fucceeded, he had wars with the Venetians in Dalmatia ^ with Emanuel the
Greek Emperor, and with Ladijlaus and Steven his kinfmen , by whom at laft
he was expelled the kingdom^ he died childleffe, and is buried at Strigon.
^^73- His throne was ufurped by Ladijlaus 1. fon to blind Bela \ he reigned 6 months, 50
and after him his brother Ladijlaus 5 moneths^ \i\m.'K. Steven ■2,. overthrew,
they died both the fame year. Bela 9. brother to Steven 3. fucceeded, who
cleared H««^j;7 of Highway-men^ his fucceflbr was Emericus the eldeft of
119^. his two fons, who died fhortly after his father, he left one fon, Ladijlaus 3,
who reigned but 6 moneths. Andrew 2^ fon to 'Bela 3. fucceeded : he made an
expedition into the Holy-land, where for his good fervice againft the Sultan
- of
Chap, i i. Bijlory of the JVorJd7 (3P7)~
of Babylon, he was honored with the firname orjcn/Jhlcv/ : his wife Gcrtrndj^ Jv'chTiftf.
of whom he had four fons, was wounded mortalh' by the Palatine or Viceroy '^-''^"V-nJ
oiHiwgary^ for foUiciting the Palatines wife to uncleanneile with her brother.
After K.y^Wrczr J- return from jftTwpAv//, he married again j he bellowed on
the Nobility of H/r»|.j;7 divers privikdges. Hisfon £f/,/4.fuccceded5 in his
time 5COOOO Scythians wade all B.ujfia and Todolia^ thence they fall upon too.
Hungary^ where a battel was fought , and the King with much ado efcaped in ^ ^*
a fervilc habit , many prime men of Hungary were then flain f Great cruelties
on all fexes and ages were exercifed for three years together by thefe Barbari-
IQ ans, who returning to M^otis the Lake, imbrace Mahumctanifme. King Belt
by the affiftance of the Knights o^ Rhodes was reRored to his kingdom , he was
buried in the Gray-Friars at Strigon. To him fucceeded Steven 5. his fon 5 he 127 5.
overcame 0/-/)<7r^«>- king of F(>/)e;?//<?3 and the king vfiW^'^r/^alfo, and made all
MyfiaX.xhvLt.7Lxy to him ^ he left a fon behind him Ladijln^., and fifary who
married with Charles king of Sicily , by whom he had Charles Martcl father of
that Charles who afterward was king oi Hungary. Steven was buried in the Ifle
Buda.--) his fon L,f^/y<W;«' 4. fucceeded 5 in his time the Scythians again invade
Hungary , wafting all with fire and fword , and two years after returned home
with great booty. This king was murthcred by the Cumani. Andrew /^. fuc- i 2 9 i.
20 cecded 5 he was the fon of Steven Venetuf, and grandchild oi Jndrerv 7. father
of this Steven ; he fubdued Jnjiria , and died at Buda , where in the Church of
S.John the Evangelift he was buried. He being dead^the Pope declares the fon 130 i.
oi Charles Mariel king o^ Hungary ^ but the Hungarians chofe Wencefiaus or La-
dijiauf the king oi Bohemias fon for their King , whom afterward his father
called home into Bohemia. Hungary at this time was divided into three fafti-
ons 5 fome were for Chtrls^ fome for Wenceflam^ and a third party for Otho D.
o{Eavar/a, who was crowned at Jlba regalk^ and reigned almoft three years 5
hxxl Ladijiaus F.^iyroda carried him away prifoner to jf^zy^w//^ or Tranfilva^iia
and fpoiled him of his kingdom. Charles Robert fon oi Charles Marteland Mary
50 daughter of Y^.Steven 5. is crowned : He was a great fouldier, and amplified I 3 i Oi
the kingdom of Hungary by addition of Bulgaria and divers other places j he
married the fifter of C^//?/irking oi Poland^ of whom he had Ludovic : He was
in danger to be murthered by a Gentleman of his Court, on Eajier-day, who
ran at him with his fword ;, but he was favedjand the Courtier executed.
Cafimir king oi Poland made a journey to vifit this king Charles his kinfman
and becaufe he was childlefTCjhe names Ludovic (fon to K.charles who married
hisfifterj to the kingdom of Ptf/^W, fo that this I«<^tfT;if became king of both i 2 a 5
kingdoms 5 He had two daughters only, to wit yl/^ry who married with -S"/^//! *
mundking oi Bohemia^ who by her obtained the kingdom oi Hungary^ and Hed~
/^orvigaQneex\oi Poland. This Ludovic was a great warriour, he drove all the
Je-ms out of Hungary ^ he was buried at Alba Regalis^ in the Chappel which he , o .
built. To Ludovic fucceeded his daughter Jllary^ who married with Sigifmund ^ ^'
king of Bohemia^ and afterward Emperor^ flie with her mother iZ/z^ie^/j go-
verned the kingdom, becaufe Sigifmund was as yet too young, and fuffered
herfelf to be totally ruled by fome Peers of the Empire^ which being ill re-
fented by the Nobility oi Hungary ^ they invite C/»^r/e/ king oi Naples to the
crown oiHungary : Not long after, this Charles was murthered by the two
Queens, as he was at a conference with them 5 fo the Italians were driven out
oiHungary^ and the Queen recovers her kingdom. John governour oi Croatia
50 to revenge k.Charles his death , feifeth on the Queen when (he was in progrefs
with her mother and Peers ^ he cuts ofTthe head of the Regicide, drags the
Qiieen with her mother by their hair upon theground, then drowns the mo-
ther,and imprifons the Queen,and withai abufes all her maids of honour 5 but
afterward out of fear he fets the Queen at liberty, who having returned home
is met by her husband Sigifmund with a great army out oi Bohemia, he without
oppofition is crowned king oiHungary, the 20. year of bis age ; then he makes
an
(3^8) The Second ^ art of the Book. VI.
An.Chriftj. an expedition into Croatia^ where he befets the governour, takes him,and cuts
WN'-^wt off his head. Charles 2. firnamed the Lcfe^ K.ing of Naples ^ Ton to Andrew
^385- brother oFKing Ludovic^n chofen King ot' Hungary ^\n oppofition to Sigiftnund
und Mary:, but he was murthered at ^«<^<«intheCafl:le, atthe inftigation of
Qiieen Elifabeth by one Blajiuf. Queen Mury dying childlefs, leaves the King-
dome wholly to 5'7_g7y»/!««^, which he enjoyeth,and marrieth with the Countefs
oicUra, by whonri he had one daughter Elifabeth. Not long after this, the
1396. Turks invade Bulgaria, a Province of Hungary^ a part whereof Sigifmund re-
covered, but not without much blood 5 in that cruel war there fell 20000.
Chriftians, and 60000. Turks,the Chriftians were beateujand the King efcaped i©
by flight: after this overthrow the Hungarians imprifoned king Sigifmund^
who afterwards was reftored to his liberty and kingdom, this king in a fecond
I 4. o 9. battel is beaten by the Turks,.and the next year after is chofen Emperor^ twice
in his time the Boors oi Hungary rofe upin Armsagainfthim , and twice he
fupprelTed them. He reigned with his wife in Hungary 5 1. years, and died the
1 4 3 7- 71. year of his age.
Albert Arch-duke of Aujiria^ by marrying Ring Sigifmunds oncly daughter,
obtained both the Crown of Hungaria and Bohemia, and befides is chofen Em-
peror 5 he had two daughters , Elifabeth wife to Cajimir King of Poland , and
Anna who married with William Duke of Saxony : The year after Sigifmunds a©
death , Amurath the Turk invaded Hungary ^ Albert intending to give him
battel, pitched his camp beyond Danubius, where being taken with a loofnefs,
1439. hafteneth for Vienna , but he died by the way thither ; he left his wife with
childe , who intended to marry with Vladijlaus the King of Volands brother
and Duke of Lituania-^y mean while (he is delivered of a toy called Ladiflaus
heir oi Hungary ^ whereupon (he alters her minde concerning her intended
marriage^ and refolves (now having an heirj not to marry the Duke, which
bred great quarrels and troubles in Hungary ; the childe is crowned the fourth
month after his birth % notwithftanding Vladiflans enters Hungary with an
Army, and by feme is faluted King, he befiegeth and taketh Strigon-^ the Queen 3^
with her childe flies into Aujiria to his Protedor Frederick, the Emperor^ and
carried with her the Crown ofHungary^which 2 3.years after kmgMatthias was
fain to redeem with a fum of money ^ mean while ZHadiJIam is crowned with
fome of the reliques taken from the head of S. Stephen. The Turk took oc-
calioii by thefe jars to feife upon Rifcia :>four years aittr ^ladiflam is defeated
in a great battel by Amnrath, in which be(ides the king, there were (lain many
Princes and Pre)ates,and 30000. Chriftians. At this time king Ladiflaus Alberts
(on was five years oId,then at Vienna.John Hunniades or Corvinus is made Vice-
roy , and by Ladiflaus for his valour deputed Vay vod of Tranjilvania , for he
had beaten y^w7<>*<r//» 5 when the young king, being twelve years old j came to 4®
1^55. Hungary, he made the fame "John, for his good fervice,Earl ofBiJiria. After this
lohn put again Mahumet to flight,took from him a hundred great field-pieces^
but he died the next year after,to the great loflTe o£Hungary,which by the fadi-
ons of the Nobility was much afflifted.'y/r7f7//Earl of Cilia is killed by Ladiflaut
and Matthias,the two fons of Hw^wWer^whereupon hadiflaus is beheaded,and
Afatthias who was King afterward,is imprifoned at Prague-^ King hadiflaus after
this beat the Sultan, andkillsmanythoufand Turks : In the nineteenth year
of his age, at the very nuptial folemnities with Magdalen the daughter of King
Charles of trance, he died.
Matthias Corvinus fonto John Hftnniades is ranfomed out of prifon by the 5^
Eifliop ofWaraden for 60000 Scrutati, and withall is elefted King of Wnng^ry.
Frederick 3. Emperor layeth claim tothe Kingdome, as being next heir to the
defiinft King : Matthias now was 17. years old,and capitulated with Frederick^
that the houfe of Aufiria fhould by his laft will inherit the Crown of Hungary
1462. if he died childlefs; his firft marriage was with the King of Bohemia's daughter.
1\m Matthias \\i,% fortunate in his wars agajnft the Turk, which lafted two
years J
Chap. 1 1. J^ift(^0 ^/ th^ I'Torld, ^599)
iifter he had redeemed the Crown, it was put upon his head with great folem- Jn.ChriJti,
mxyan.\\6^. whilf^ he again is imploycd in his wars againft the Tiirk.,the Bo- V.^^V's-*
hemians befiege lyrnavia on the borders oi Moravia, but were fliin to raife the
fiege again. The next year after Matthias cnWs a Diet tor aid againft the Turk ^ 4 ^ 7«
and Boheinianithen he marcheth to Pofonia^and fubdues ahnoft aWAJorazia and
Silejf a.'Not long after Cajimir fon of CaJtmi7-Vi.o^ rolaf/cl^\i invited into Hjmgary
by fome of the Priefts^but when he was come to N/trta^there Mathiaf beliegeth
him 5 Cajimir perceiving his danger efcapes by night and returns to rol'arzd, a-
gainft him and the Bohemian Matthias makes war,which at laft was compofed.
lo in the year 1476. Beatrix the k. of Sicilies daughter is crowned at Alba regalis,
the marriage is kept at huda-^ in the interim the Turk fubdues Dalmatia^ makes 1476.
inrodes upon Hungary ^ixnd carries avi^ay above 30000. captives, he waftes alfo
with fire and fword Dacia^ by which name Aialachia^ MoLdavia^Bnlgaria^ or the
lower Myjia^ Serbia or the higher Mijta , i3in\TranJllvania were meant of old :
when the nuptial folemnities were expired, Matthias'^iw^des Aujhia^ becaufe
he was flighted by Frederick^ the Emperor when he was a Suiter to his daughter
Knnegnnd-^ here he takes in fome Towns and Forts : the Cajfarians are over-
thrown at Haymbttrg by Matthias^ which prefently after he befiegeth 5 the Em--
percr Frcderick^itr\d% 3000. horfe tb raife the fiege, a battel is fought, in which
.20 the Csefarians had the hettev-^Stefhcn hathor one of Matthias his Captains being
carried away prifoncr by two fouldiers, watching an opportunity,pulls out the
fword which was hanging at one of his keepers fide, with which he runs them
both through^and fo efcapes to his fe\\ows:Hay»/burg on the confines ofHungary
and Jitjiria is furrendred t.o Matthias^ and fo is the Caftlefor a fum of money :
after this he takes rruckja ftrong Town on the river of Leythe-^ having taken in
many Towns and Forts about Vienna^ he forceth it at laft by famine to furren-
derp after /.months fiege he takes Neujiad. At laft betaking himfelf to his reft a 1400;
while, and to be merry, upon Palmfunday at table after his mirth, he fell irito
fuch a paffion of angerj becaufe the figs which he called for were not fochoife
30 as he expefted, that he fell fuddenly into an Apoplexy, tumbling and roaring
like a beaft on the ground fpeechlefsjand fo died:He was buried 2i.tAlba. regalis^
he was both a good fchoUer, and a lover of fchollers, with which he furnifhed
his kingdome •■, he erefted a great Library, and took much delight in the com-
pany of Ke^/'-i'l/tfw/'rfwaf. /C"
L^c/7/7i7«j2.whpwasK.ofB<'^e«?/rf,marrieth with ^/^/Mwj his widow,andfo ^ ' *
becomesK.of H/w^i^ry.About thefe timtsMaximilian i.recovers Fientta^NeuJiad
and rnick. , with almoft all Aujiria:, then he takes Mba^whh fome other Towns
and CaftlcSjWhich afterward he reftored to Ladijlans^whok former wife being
dead, he marrieth a French Lady, of whom he had Ludovic and Attna ; it was
4.0 agreed between Maximilian and him, that if the K. ftiould die childlefs, Maxi-
mdian and his pofterity fhould fucceffively enjoy the Cjowns of Wimgary and
Bohemia. After this a great fedition was raifed in Hw^^.iry^for whilft the Cardi-
nal ofSirigon was preaching the Crofs for raifing of Forces againft theTurkjthe
Ambaflivdor of LadiJIaus at that time was making peace with Solyman : many
had taken Arms againft the TurkjWhich they would not lay down again, but
elefted for their RingjCaptain George Zeck^^who had heretofore given fome de-
feats to theTurk^ithefelike mad men run through Hw/z^^r/jdemolifhing divers
Forts and Mcnafteries, murthering the Gentry with their wives and children,
plundring their goods,and defiouring of virginsfithey hale the Biftiop ofchana^
50 with which death they threaten the Archbilh.of S/r;^o« and others^but fliortly
after,this new K.Ge(7r^e,with his Captains, were apprehended byCountj'(?y^« the
Vay vcdjwho ufed them with deferved rigor,he caufeth a burning iron Crown
to be fet on bis head, then two of his veins to be opened, the blood whereof he
prefents to his brother Luke \o drink, befides he caufed go.Eoors who had been
kept from food three daies, to fall upon their yet living king with their teethj
vvhofe flelh they tore and eatjbut tbe king feemed to be no waies dejededor
afraidi'
(4oo) T^he Second 'Pan of the Bo ok VI.
y4«^r/^7. afraidjhe only defired his brother might be excufed,being by him compelled to
WV>J this war^at length when all his limbs were torn^they bowclled him,and having
cut his body in pieces,they rod fome partSjand boil the refir'which they prefent:
to his fouldiers to eat , who having filled themfelves were tortured to death
I 5 I 6. with hnke Zecl\. King Ladijlaus died at B«i^^,and was buried in Alba regalk.
Tohmfucceededhisfon La^j/owcs. in the Kingdoms oi Hungarji ;ind Bo-
hemia-, in his time Solyman the Turk invadeth Hungary with a great Army, wa-
fting all before him ^ the place that lay firftopen to his fury was the Arch-
bifboprick of Colonza^ therefore the King by the Popes aid makes Paul
Tomori CnowaFrancifcan, but heretofore a publike and ftout Champion lo
againft the Turk ) Archbilhop of that place, for thofe times required fuch a
man there. King Lndovic married with Mary^ Maximilian the Emperors kinf-
woman, who afterwards was governefs in Belgium : King Ludovickj fifter
1526. Anna was beftowcd on Ferdinand^ who afterward was King of Hungary. King
Lttdovic underftanding that the Turk was again comming upon Hungary with
another Army, he meets him in perfon with ftrong forces, being urged thereto
by the Nobility, whofe priviledge was, as they faid, not to go to war without
the Kings own prefence, in this unhappy encounter there fell on the Chriftian
fide nineteen thoufand, befides divers Piinces and Prelates, among which
were the Archbifliop of Strigon, PaulTomori the Monk 5 the king having efca- 20
ped, fell with his horfe into a bog,where he died miferably ; two months after
his body in armour, with his horfe were found ••, he was carried and buried in
Alba re^4/*f:theTurk purfues his viftoryjraging with fire 8c fword till he came
to Btida the Metropolis,which was quickly furrendred to him,the Queen with
the chief of the City being fled to Vienna : the Caftle held out, in which was a
garrifon ofCer«?j«f,who perceiving that thelurks went about to fpring mines,
articuled that they might depart with their baggage 5 this was aflented to, but
promife not kept, for all of them were cut in peeces by the Turks cimiters,
onely the Captain efcaped,becaufe the fouldiers againft his will, had delivered
up the Caftle to the enemy 5 into the woods were fled above 25 thoufand 20
Chriftians, befides women and children , againft whom the Turks difcharged
their great ordnance 3 and almoft deftroyedthem all. After the Turk had
wafted higher Pancnia , he returns unto Confiantinofle. After the death of
Lndovic^ 'jihn the Vayvod of Jranjilvania is, by fome elefted king, againft the
will of the Palatine of Hungary^ and the chief Prelates, who had called in f er-
dinand brother to Charles "y. Emperor ^ (o that now* there were two kings ele-
cted: theVayvodfenttothe French king for aid againft kmg Ferdinand ^ o{
whofe injuftice he complained by his letters to the Emperor Charles and the
Eleftors, protefting that if he fliould be forced to feek for aid elfewhcre , that
he was not f o be blamed; wherefore when he faw no help, he fwore allegiance 40
to Solyman, defiring his^protedibnjwhich he had long fince propofed, if Ferdi-
nands power fhould be too great for him.
Ferdinand Archduke oi Attfirja. and king o£jBohemia is elefted king of
Hungary , he with a ftrong Army marcheth to Buda, which he taketh, with the
greateft part of the kingdome 5 after this he is crowned at Alba. Cajimir Mar-
quefs of Brandeburg his General, in this expedition dieth at Bttda , where he is
1529. honourably interred. The Vayvod invites ^<?/>,«f4»! the Turk into Hungary^
who takes by ftorm the Town and Caftle of Buda after eleven attempts ;
5ci« the Vayvod,whom the T^irks call Er^^/W, meets the Turk with rich
prefents, andkifleth his hand , by whom he is confirmed in the kingdome of 50
Hungary , and receiveth from him Buda the royal feat , which he held till his
death, an.\<,iip. After this 5(?/j»m« takes in diversTowns upon the Danow :
the 26. of Scptemb. he fate down before Vienna in Aujiria with 20oooo.Turks,
for twenty dayes together he playcth upon the Ci,ty with his ordn^cc, and
oftentimes aflaulted it , but in vain , he loft in that fiege above 8ccco. at
laft being forced with cold, he raifeth his fiege, and returns by Buda to
Byzantium. Chap.
Chap.I5« Hiliory of the IVorld. 40I
Chap. X I I 1.
I. J pro fecutioft of the Uun^arhn Hifiorie , from the year^ 1 5 3 2,
tiU 1 6 z g.
\oljmaft being enraged for his great lofs at yiema , and that he An.Chrifit
was forced to raife his fiege, returns with a great power , ^y^^T-^
to wit 5 300000 men^ and 120 great Canon. He firft be- ^53*'
fiegeth the little Fort and Caftle ofGmtA j which he affaul.
ted thirteen times, and thirteen times was beat off with
great loffe At laft perceiving the courage of Uicholas
^urithy an Hungarian^ and Coyernour, who would not yeild, though the
Town was almoit battered to the ground with great Guns, invites him to
afurrenderuponfairtearms^ Tliat he (hould remain Governour as he
was '-, and that all the Inhabitant^ fhall ftay and enjoy all that they ow
without any hurt. The Hmgariatt accepts of the conditions : Then
the Turk removes to the borders of Stiria : He permits his chief Bafhai,
with fifteen thoufand, to waft and plunder the Countrey before him ; but
ao as he was returning to the Army with his fpoiles , he was fo circum-
vented between the Mountains by fome Cdfarian Hot fe going for yiema ,
that fcarfe two hundred of fifteen thoufand Turks efcaped^ The Empe-
ror in a (hort time raifeth an Army of thirty thoufand Horfe, and two
hundred thoufand foot , which when the Turk underftood , he retreats
with all Ipeed to his own confines. About five years after , Firdimffd
raifeth an other Army of eight thoufand Horfe,and fi^tteen thoufand foot,
under the conduft of Catrian ^ who perfidioufly betrayed the Army to
the Turk. Not long after, this Traytor labours to perfwade Cdunt Ni"
eholas of Serinwn , with whom he was intimate , to fide with the Turks;
go But Nkholof caufedhisheadtobecutoff, which he fentto King FfrM'
mrtd as a prefent , for which , he was rewarded with all Gatrians E-
ftate.
rfoh;ty the Vayvod of Tranfyhama , dyethat Buda: he left behinde | j^Ci
him a young fon, in whofe Non age, his Mother undertook the Govern-
ment. Ferdinand lieth Siedge to 5W4 , which'the Turks underftanding,
they make haft thither With a great Army, under one of the Baftia's. Fir-
dinand's Forces beat day and liight againft the City With their Ordnance,
buttonoend^ for they were forced to raife the Seige, with great lofs.
The Turk enters Buda , and Peftha. 5 the Government of both places he
40 commits to the Bellerbeg , andlendsaway iheWiddowand her fon to
Tranfylvania. About two years after, a numerous Army is fent by Fer-
dinand into Hmgaria , under Joachim Eleftor of Brattdehurg 5 with
whom the Pope joyns three thoufand Horfe ^ thefe befiege Peflha, playing
continually with their Ordnance oil it 5 but to no purpbfe, for the Plague
fo raged in the Army, that it fwept away many thoufands in a ftiort time.
That fame year there died at Vienna eighteen thoufand of the ficknefs. i54 3«
The next year SoUntan tikt^'m Bungaria^ the City and Caftle of Strigon,
after many affaults. Then three munths afte^, he takes Alba, Regalii up-
on furrender : It was Articled , That the Inhabitants ftiould be dilmifted
50 without hurt : but Soliman caufeth them all to repair to the Caftle, where
he difirms them ; then picks out the ftrongeft bodied of them, the reft
he commanded to be hewed in pieces : Then he makes Mahomet Zaoglii
Governour of all tiungaria. Four years after , Anna ^ Qnttn oi Hmga-
ria-t King Ferdinands vv^ite , died in Child-bed. The next year attei
i^iiig Ferdinand took ^gria, and divers Forts : Shortly after, in upper
A a a PanoniOf
AQ2, The Second Tart of the Book.Vl.
An.chriitiVanmiay by the Earlot 5/t/w, Anno^ i 5 5 o- 7 wf el, Ferdinands Gene-
\J^^\^^^ ralisdeleatedby theTurk, who takes divers places this year from the
'55° King, and beliegeth Agria ^ zx\ Epifcopal Seat,withallthe ftrengthhe
could'make: But the Inhabitants united themfelves by a folemn Cove-
nant^ Tublciibcd with their own bloud : fo that the Turks Army was
forced %i'ithfhame toraifethe fiege, having difcharged againft it twelve
thonfand bullets out of their Ordnance : Not long atter a peace is made at
Conft amino fie, between Ferdinand and the Turk. About fix years after,
the Tranfylvanians revolt from Ferdinand their King, to ^ohn Sigifmmd^
<on ot thcabovenamed Vayvod : and two years after, Ferdinand ischofen lO
Emperor of the Romans,
,^5o After the Turk had tzken Fe lie a ^ a ftrong Town in the higher Pa^
nonia: a reace is concluded between J"^ri/>«W and i^o/ww4». Four years
after Ferdinand died at Vienna , and was buried at Prague. His fon Max-
imilian thefecond, fucceeded in Bohemia, and Httngaria , and likew^ife
in the Empire. He was crowned King of //«;?g-m<« , with Mary his wife^
before his Fathers death. The next year after, Sigifmund the Fajvod ,
and Vaflall o( Solyman, violates rhe pe-ce, and takes Zatrvar , which
fliortly after was recovered bv Maximilian , with divers other adjaceat
places. After this, the Vayvod follicits Solyman to make an expedition 20
*5^5 into Hungaria : upon this, a command is lent to the BaCbai o£ Buda, to
be in Anns , and to begin the War. Mean while the Vajvod , who called
himfelf King of Hungaria^ fummons a Diet of his people , telling them
that his molt Clement Patron, Solyman^ hadenjoyned all the people of
Hangma to fubjedfthem(elves to the Scepter of his Vaflal,the Vajvod:
and not long after, Solymon enters Hmgaria^ whom the Vajvod met with
rich prelents, in hope to obtain from him that Kingdom ; but he was de-
ceived. The Bafliai of Buda befiegeth Palota, which is ftoutly defended
by Ceorge Thurin , and relieved by George of Helfenfiein. The Turks
feeing new Forces comming, run all away, leaving behind them their 30
Ordnance, and all their Provifion , after they had full eight days together
battered the walls, which are now again repaired.The Chriftians Inortly
after take Veffrin , and put all the Turks , except five, to the fword :
they take alfofomeCaftles. The fame year the Scythians upon Solymans
invitation and the Vay vods, fall with fire and fword on the higher Pano-
ma , carrying thence many Chriftians, but Ld^rtis of Schwend with
fome fmall Forces defeated ten thoufand of them, and then takes diver*
places from Ceorge Bebec an Hungarian Peer , who had revolted to the
Turk. Mean while the Emperor makes an expedition into /f»»^4rw , to
relieve the lower Panonia. which the Turk was now wafting : he fortifi- 40
eth fome places which were in danger to be furprifed at Taurinum , where
jhe Emperor was : therehappcnedfuchafire, that the whole city was al-
moft burned down •■, the fouldiers inftead of quenching the fire, carryed
away the Merchants goods : but the Emperor raifed a great fumme to re-
build the town again.
Anno 1567. At Confiantino^le , a peace for eight years is concluded
between Maximilian the fecond, aad Sdjmtu Sultan. One of the Articles
jp, was. That each one (hould keep quietly what he had gotten : this pacifi-
' cation was afterwards prolonged. John Sigifmund the Vayvod dyed
without iffue , but not without fufpition of poyfon. To him fucceeded 50
Stephen Bathori , who was to continue the annual tribute to the Turk.
This is he who afterward by the Sultans recommendation, was elefted K.
of Poland.
J -_ The Turk before the peace was expired , fell upon HungarU , where
^'^ he killed above one choufandGhriftians, an4 returned with great bpoty
About.
ft
Chap .M. HijUry of the H^crU. 405^
About the end of this year died Selymus at By'^antium : and two years af- >^». thnfli
ter MaximiliM at Rat'uhon. Tohioi fucceeded Ralph the iecond , his ^-"^"V"^^
forme : he was King of Hungaria. and Bohemia, before , and afterward was
clefted Emperor.
i^»no 1 5 7 p. The Turks fall upon a great many unarmed Chriftians, j -_q
being at a fair in Sixo : Some they hacked and hewed with their Cimi-
ters, others they led away captive , with their goods : they tyed two
thoufand of them together like Horfes, whom as they were carrying a-
way, the Hungarian Rufticks in great companies purfued , delivered the
10 Captives, and killed many of the Turks, carrying away the reft prifoners.
The like craelty in higher Vanonia was exercifed by the Turk, and the
like meafure they received trom the Chriftians near Agria. The Empe- j ego
ror had a conference with the Hungarian Peers at Pofonittm , about fecu-
ring the Kingdom from the Turks.
Annoi'yiz. Duringthepeace, an Army of fixty thoufand Turks, un-
der Sanzacui ^ broke in upon the higher Panonia , waiting with fire and
fword all that lay in their way : but as they were returning home with
their fpoiles and plunder, the Cxfarian Forces fet upon them near A-
gria j killed moft of them, and recovered the Plunder. The news of
ao this overthrow did highly move and incenfe the great Turk at Byzantium:
but when he underftood how the Turks without any ground or provoca-
tion began the quarrel, he was fatisfied and appeafed , and of his own ac-
cord defired a continuation of the peace , which was effeded between
Rodolfh the fecond. Emperor, and ^w«r*f^ the third, for eight years, be-
ginning the firft of January, K^nno 1 584. Yet three years after the Turks 15°^
robbed fifteen Villages, and carried away many Chriftians^ but Garge Se-
ri» recovered the bootie, with the lofTe of two thoufand Turks.
Some few years after, Matthioi ^the Emperors brother, with a great Army j 5^^
out of Germany, fell upon the truce- breaking Turks oiHungaria : Novigrad
50 isfurrendred to Mathias.Seri»,tzkes divers cafHes.T'/£/e»^4f^,having flaugh-
terd divers Turks, took fafprin by affault. Mathias fell upon Strigon, and
took the old town • but whilfl he was beleaguering the new town , and
hearing that Si«4» the Turk was coming , he rifeth with his Army againft
the (Jfr»Mw will.
This Sinan , with one hundred thoufand Turks,and fixty thoufand Tar-
tars, befiegeth ffavernum. A terrible battle is fought, in which Sinan loft
one hundred thoufand men. But Hardeckins, notwithftanding he was pro-
inifed by Mathias to be relieved within two days .delivers up ^aurin to.the
Turk : For which fad, afterward he loft his head. In this ftrong town
40 were one hundred fifty great guns,fix thoufand of the Garrifon were kil-
ted, three thoufand difmiffed. The Ifland Cetnora, over againft the town
was ftoutly defended by the Germans, Sinan being dead with grief e for his
many lofles, Mahumet the Sultan prepares to invade Panooia with a great ar- 1 596
my. Mean while the Chriftians take H<i*w»4, ufing there all manner of
cruelty , Which upon the coming of the Turk, they plunder and burn.But
the Ssiuw revenged himfelfe upon the Agrians, whom he put all to the
fword. -Papfa is delivered up to the Turk by the Chriftian Garrifon , for
want of pay : which town, whilft Swartz.emburg afterward befieged, he is
^tilled with a musket bullet. Rederus purfueth the Traytors, fome of which
50 he tortured and put to death. Philip Emanuel of Lorrain imployeth his ar-
my againft the Turks, from whom he took by iotcc Alba Regalis, but the
foxildiers dtfaced and ranfacked the town, not fparing the ancient Regal
bones and Monuments of Hungary. The Turks ftriving to regain the
City, were beat back with great lofs, but the next year the Conqueror
being dead, they retake the place.
Aaaa ' George
^04 ^^^ Second Tart of the Book. Vl.
yin.Chrifli Georg e Safta , growing bold upon the Turks weaknefs , (for the Sultan
'^-'"V"^ was yet a childe, and the Perftam had over- run his Dominions as far as Bn-
* ^'-'^ hjl0» ) raifeth an inteftine War between Hungaria, and Back. He forccth
theProteftantstohearMaffe, Plundering thofe that refufed; but the
Turks took courage, and withall, Pefta, being forfaken by the Chriftians ,
out of fear: afterward they take S/rifw/aw, after it had been ten years
under Rodolphtts. Bethteem Gahor , having married the Widow of Mojfes ,
the Ciculian, was in hope to become mafter of Tranfjlvama, but his hopes
were blafted by the vii^ory which Tampirius had over him. Sthephen Botfea-
ttts^ akinfeman o^Battors^ flood up for liberty of Confcience, in defence of iq
the Proteftants : acknowledgeingC<e/4rj right no otherways, then upon
this liberty. But the inteftin Wars caufed fuch fterility and devaftation ,
that for want of other food, parents did eat their children 5 which was
1 6 10 prefaged by a new ftar, as Kepler obferves. Mathias being eftablifhed in
Hitngaria^ makes peace with the Turk^ and enters Schema with a great Ar-
my, where he is Proclaimed King, and by the confent of his brother the
Emperor, is Crowned. Forgatziai the Palatin oi Hungaria, marcheth in-
to Dacia 5 where he brings dnudiepelu^ and other towns into the obedience
oiK\r\g Mathioi : but fhortly after he is beaten by B<»ffcr//^, and hardly ef-
1 6 1 1 caped with his life through the woods. Battoriui in Tranfflv4»ia,attevnpt- 20
ing to take CronJIad by (torm, fends Andrew Gietz,itis. to the great Turk for
aid • but Andrew promifeth to the Sultan fome Caftles, if he would con-
fer the Principality on him : order prefently upon this motioHjis given to
Mahtmet Baffai, that he fliould turn out Batterius, and fettle Giet:{jas in his
place .• Which Battoriui perceiving defires affiftance from the Palatine of
1 6 1 2 Hungaria, and Proteftion from King Mathias-^ at which the Turk was offen-
ded, and expoftulated with Mathias^ yet was net in capacity to make War
again ft him, becaufe of the Arabian Rebellion. GAbriel Batter , willing to
retain Dacia^ halted fo long between the Emperor, and Turk^ that Bethletm
161 3 Gahor rebelsagainft him,andatlaftby the7«rbaid, utterly defeats him , 5©
who the year following was murthered by his own lervants. Gaber alfo to
keep what he had got, fwears fealty both to C^/^ir, and the Sultan. The
Turks break th e peace, and burn fome towns in Hungaria. Gaber in Hmga-
ria and Dacia , fobjeCted Lippa ^ and fome other places to the Turk-, and
would alfo have delivered up ;^r4r4i3//» to the Sultan for a reward of his
1616 protection 5 about which, he and Humanoius fell at variance. Near Agria,
theTftrks making excurfions,are defeated by theHeidttccijhut in Pelonia they
have better fuccefs being aflifted by the 7'4r/4rj5whom the Cejfacks had pro-
voked by their dayly plunderings,
1 6 1 7 Mathias, King oiHungaria, and Bohemia, who was alfo Emperor , caufed 40
his Cofin Jerman, Ferdinand, to be declared King of Hungaria. Bethleem
Gabor, the Turks VaflTal, having by letters imparted his refolutions to the
Bfhemiam, and gaping after the Crown of ^ungaria , enters that Kingdom
. with a great Army J and takes C4/foT/i4, Po/jw, and other places , fome by
florm, lome by furrender : he affumes the title of Prince offiangaria, and
161 9 feizeth on the Crown , which was ufually kept at Pe/ow, and ufeth the Pa-
pifts with all extremity. Not long after, he calls a Diet of his Faftion (the
Clergie, and chief Peers of the Kingdom, being abfent ; and divers Cities
whofe Legates were there protefting againft it ) by which he is proclaim-
ed King of Hungaria : then he makes an incurfion upon Aujiria, and fends 50
io20 aid to the Pfllfegrave. D-aw/^/fy, attempting to take ?c/o«, is killed. The
Emperor fends out his Declarations againft G^^er, for invading the King-
dome of Bohemia, for delivering to the Turk fome Forts of that Kingdom ,'
and for affuming the title of King. Notwithftanding Gabor had poUeflion
of the Crown, which he removed from Fefon^ to a more fecure place , yet
refofetb
Cbap.Jj. Hijtorji of the U^orld, 40^
lelufeth to be Crowned. And the rather becaufe Bucquoi was entereg Hun. An. chrifli
garia with an Imperiall Army, with which many of the Princes and Cities '^""w-'
joyned and fell off from Gal/er. Eefides that, Bncquoi had taken Fefon, with 1621
divers other towns. Sothatnow(7<j^erwas in danger of lofing Hung^arii
totally : but the untimely death of Bucquei put him in frefh hoptes again ,
therefore he recovers fome loft places , befiegeth Pofon , but is repulfed
with great lofs : at 1 aft, he is reconciled to C/efar, and is enjoyned to reftore
the Regall Crown, and to govern thofe places now in his poffeflionjin Ca-
farsnawe. The next year after this, the Crown is reftored to C^/rfr, and j^^^
ioG4^cr fends an extraordinary Amballador to the Port, to acquaint the
Turk with the realons why he made peace with Cafar, fliewing he was ne-
ceflitatedtheretoby the defolation, famine, and ficknefs of //«;?^4r/(j , his
fouldiers not being longer able to fubfift there : befides, he feared a revolt
ofhis own people in Dacia^ by the inftigation of Cxfar , and the Polander.
Laftly , feeing the Stiltan had concluded a fudden Peace with the Foles^ he
was afraid the burthen of the War would be left upon him alone, but
wiihall he faith, that his Mafter meant not to keep the peace long , there-
fore defires full power from the W^4« that he, with the Balhaiof 5k^4,
might when they faw caufe invade the Empire or l?oland. This motion
20 was fleighted by the Sultan, who now was unfit for a War abrode, and per-
ceived that Gahsr aimed holy at his own ends. Yet the next year an Army 1^22
was granted by the Tmk to Gabor^ for fubduing ofHungaria, to the wonder
ofthofewhokntWtheTar^iWeaknefsat this time. Gabor being then at
Caffovia^ receives the Turkilh Forces, which he joyns with his own, but he
wanted Artillery and other neceflaries ; his chief hope was in a gencrall
revolt oi Httngaria ^ andafiiftancefrom the United Princes ofcermwy:
but the States ofDacia, affembling at Alba ^ulia fhewed how unwilling
they wear to break with the Emperor 5 therefore they fend to him, who
at yienna receiveth the Commiffioners kindly, and fends the BifhopofiV/-
^otria to D4cia^ where a new peace is concluded between Cafar, and Trsnfyt-
But not long after, Galor with an Army of 60000. over-runns tiungArUi
at laft he makes a truce often monthes with the Imperialifts. The next
year. Cm far raifeth an Army of 50000. to invade Hungaria^ which made the
Turk ;ealous,but Cafars Ambaflador aflured him,that the Emperor intend- _ ^j j
■ ed no hurt to the Port, but onely to recover what Gabor had taken from
him. Yet fome fupplies Were fent to €abor by the Turk : mean while, the
Prince fearing C<«/4rj greatnefs, makes an abfolute peace with him, dif-
claiming all title to Hungaria , and confenting that Cuefars Sonne Ihould be
40 prefently chofen King thereof 5 that the Prince of Tranfylvania^ fhould
ferve him in all his occafions ^ that Gabor fhould remain quietly, Prince of
D4«d, Earl oftheC^f«/^", and Lord of O/Jii;/**, which after his life fhould
[ return to the Crown oi Hungaria. This A rticle much troubled the Sultan,
who defired not that D4C/4 fhould depend on the Empire. After this <7j-
bsr fends to the Port for a confirmation ofhis Lady in the fucceffion to the , ^°
Principality of Back , which the Turk put ofF,becaufe ofhis troubles with
the Perftan. Yet fearing leaft the Prince fhould take a confirmation of the
Emperor, the grant is difpatched.
The Prince joyns his Forces with the Bafhai oiBuda. mlfteh endeavor-
50 ed to keep them from joyning with Count Mam felt ^m could not : fo af-
ter divers skirmifhes, the Imperialifts are beaten. But fhortly after , (74.
bor fends to Cafar, to excufe his taking up Armes, becaufe fome Articles
were not ob^rved. ^
Then he fends to the Port, to excufe his making of peace with Cafar ,
becaufe the Bafhai ofs«</4 was called away from him by the Sultan. So
^c5 '^^^ Second Tart of the Book.VI.
An ^hrtlti ^<»»»i like, he looks both ways. Yet underhand he aids the confederate
n^^tnL Princes, andftirsupther»r^againftc^/4r, fearing too much his great-
nefl'e.
For this caufe , the Baflia of BudA is continued in his place, and order
1637 given, that when occafion ferved he fhould aid Gabor. Ctefar fends a private
Agent to the Port, complaining againft Gdor, and that he was the chiefe
difturber of the peace : thefe Letters were intercepted by the Fififr , and
not (ufFered to come to the SalurJ, but fent to the Bafhai of Buda^ to ma-
nage things as he thought good. The T«ri at laft, upon Cafars fccond
complaint, checks Gahr for his double dealing. At laft, after all his jug- lO
1620 gl'^g tricks, death, which cannot be deluded feizeth on him.
C H A P. X I V.
Tl^e affaires of Germany, Hungaria, Poland , Turky, Bohemia, Auftria,
Millan, Naples, Cyprus, /i»^ Boruffia , «Wer Albert aW Frederick,
Bmperors y from tbe year one thoufandfeur hundred thirty eighty tiUtheytar
one thouf and four hundred eighty.
20
I Lbert , fon in Law to Sigifmund^m the fpace of a few months,
j^2g '^^J^^^^ being but Duke of ^»j?ri4, became Duke of Z««»>W^^,
TiMftm. Yklc ]yiarquefs of Moravia, King of Hungaria^ and Bohemia , and
WnhdW ^Empet or oi the Rer»ans. He fcarce fate two full
years in this dignity : for the fecond year of his Empire,
he was taken with a dy fenterie, by a furfet of Musk-millions, and dyed in
Hungaria^ near Strigon.
He was fain to fight for the Kingdom of 5tfAfwi4« For feme of the No^
bility had called in the Pelander^ againft whom, the Emperor imployed Al-
iertf Marquifs of Brandenhurge , who defeated the Polander, and made him 30
fue for peace, and leave Bohemia : to which Kingdom, c/^/^crt had a two^
fold Title 5 one by his Wife EW^beth, of the Royall blood 5 the other ,'
by vertue of a Covenant between the Jujlriam, and Bohemians jThat when
in either Houfe the iffue Male did fail, the other (hould enjoy the Crown.
The Htf»^4rM»x were not content that their King Ihould meddle with the
Empire, becaufethat whileft5/^//OT»W was bufie about the Imperial af-
fairs, ;^«r;^4r;<« wasexp.'fedtothefury of the Turks. The reafon why
Ftarfco, Chief of the Hufsites^ called into Bohemia ^Cafimir^ Brother to Ladi-
Jlaus of Poland, was, for that Albert was much addifted to the Roman faith ,
and a bitter enemy to H«/|^i? : therefore he fortified all the Cities of the 40
Hufsits, and joyned the Thaborits with the Colanders, but they were ( as we
have (aid) defeated, and divers Uufsits carried away prifoncrs by Freds»
rick, Elr^or of ^axeoj.
! C^Ur having left a Vice-roy in Bohtmia^ falls upon Poland with Fire and
Sw rd s but his ficknefs caufed a peace. He left two daughters behinde
him i Anoa, who married William, Duke ofSaxonitj and Eli^ethj wife of
Cafimir, King of Poland : he had alfo a Poft- humus fon , Ladiflaus, whom
his Mother Crowned the 4. month of his age, which Crown (he had fe-
cietlv conveyed,and hid for that purpofe.
But the Coronation ofthis young King, could not keep "hungaria from jq
troubles ; For Amurath, who lately had deprived George Defpst of Servia^
(vvhofe daughter he married) both of his Principality, and two formes ,
w horn he left at Sanderovia, which town the Turk took,and the two fons
hi • aufed to be both emafculated, and exoculated, pretending r hey were
abuut to raife new Forces for their Father : I fay , this Amuraih invades
hungaria^
Chap.i|. Ht/lcryoftheJVcrU. 407^
Hungaria, with Fire and fword : the Hungarians to encreafe their ftrength. An. Chrifii
propofeaTreaty between their Queen and Z-Jfl'/y/rfw of Poland* The Qi ^•■^'"V^^
willing to prcferve the Crown entire for her fon/efufeth to marry, which
occafioned a great War 5 For divers of the Hungarian Peers fided with
Ladi/lnus, others with the Poft-humu^ King.
Thefo/W^rby the help of the H«»^4r/4» Peers, take many places in
Hupgaria: the Qiieen on the other fide was bufie in retaking the fame pla-
ces. Mean while /^w«yd/^ was not idle, but brings his Army through
My(id, and Triba/iU, and fits down before Belgrade of old Taururum, the chief
10 Fort of that Kingdom
Ladijlafts gzve the charge of Tranfyhanid^ to ^ohn H»w/4icj, to keep off
the Turks on that fide. George^ he fends to the border;^, to keep the Turks
at £r/^r<«/f from excurfions. The Chriftian Princes undcrftanding their
danger , ftrove to take up the difference between Ladijlam and the c^eett
Mi)ther-^!ind withal!, to beftow her two daughters on the two broth ers,C<«/?-
mer and Ladijlius : in the interim, Huniades defeats the Turks, recovers all
MeldAvia^ and a part of Servta, with Bulgarii^ by the help oiLadiJlam. Htt-
niadts in one day, defeated the Turks in five feveral Battels , and towards
night, he utterly routed the BajhAt of Anatelia^ Amuraths his kinfman. 3 ooco .
20 Tftrks were here loft.
Amurath, to repair this lofs, fends C4r4w^«tfj the Bafha of /Ary^M, with
a great Army,which Ladtjlaus by the prudence of H»«zW«,totally difcom-
fited in the Valley afUemus. This fo affrighted Atnurath^thzit he was about
to have killed himfelf had not Hdibdus Bajha^who fucceeded Caramheius en-
couraged him to raifc a new army, and to elude, Fabim like, with long de-
lays, the courage oiUunUdes, by fhutting up the Streights of Mount Bfidg-
fe, which Zddf//Z(»w perceiving, returns in a tryumphing way, butagainfl
the will ofHuniades, to Belgrade, fhewing his booties to the people, and
with them,captive Carambeius.
50 Upon the reporte of thefe Viftories, Caramamus^ Prince oiCilieia n en-
couraged to invade Vemus, and Bithyma, the Turks Provinces in JJta , A-
tnuraths being unable to undertake two Wars at once , and fearing the
greatnefs of the Europaean enemy, fends Ambaffadors to treat with Ladi'
JldHS for peace, upon what conditions he pleafeth. It was agreed, that A-
mnraths ftiould depart out ofServia ■ deliver up all the Towns and Garri-
fons he had taken there, and reftore to George^ the Defm, his fonnes , and
whole Eftate, and for the time to come, fliould offer niip no wrong ; and
that he fliould not meddle with ^Moldavia^ and that part of Bulgaria which
was loft.
40 Amuraths defired , that he might onely retain Bulgaria , to which Ladi-
flaus affented , and fb the peace was concluded for ten years , and ratified
by a folemn Oath. But Ladijlaus^ a fiery fpirited young Prince, more Am-
bitious of War- like glory, then of peaceable fecurity , foon after kAvm-
rdths was gone into Afta^ breaks the League by the infligation of Pope jE«-
^w/w, and ^»/i4» the Cardinal, who perfwaded him he might lawfully
violatetheOathhetookto an enemy of C/&r//? , and that he fhould have
Abfolution, and withall the affiftance of the Pope, Philif Duke ofBurguri'
dy, and the Venetian Fleet, which fhould (top Amuraths from conveying aid
by the Uellefpem, out of Ajia into Europe. Upon thefe perfwafions and
50 hopes, that Ladijlaus fhould recover again the Greek Empire , and prefu-
ming on his former fortunes , marcheth with his Army through Walachia^
and Bulgaria, till he ftayed at Varna^ of old Dienyfiffolis^ a town in ^ulgaria^
where he fell fick,
Amuraths upon thefe news,leaves Caramamus^zndi returns to the tiellefpB»t
with all fpeedj and at CaSi$folfs, tranfmits his Army into Europe ^ in the
fight
4o8 The Second 'Fart of the Book. VI.
jf». Cj6r//?/ fight of the Italian FieetjWhich perfiduoufly fufterd them to pafs. The
S-^~V"N-' fhipsthat tranfported them, were thefeof Gemd. The Turks y/ith an
incredible celerity , march towards Adrianopelu, and before LaJiJlans knew
of any thing, lying yet at r<ir»4^ They pitch their Camp clofe by him :the
Chriftian Army was fo ordered by tittniadts^ that one fide of it was defea-
ded by a Lake, the other by Waggons and Chariots, chained together
like a Wall ; the hills behind them guarded the Rear : the fight continued
three days and night s together with fuch violence, that the fields run with
bloud. The Viftory was incliningto the Chriftians, tor the Turks began
to give ground, and to fly away diforderedly ; the Prelates too rafhlyio
drew the reft 6f the Army to purfue farther then was fafe ; for the Turk
perceiving that now the Chriftians lay open , who before were in a man-
ner enclofed with Fences , . he caufeth all bis Archers to let flie at them,by
which means they were prcfently difordered, and inclofed by the Turks
Legions.
The young King having got into the Turks Life-guard, had his Hotfc
(hot under him , and he himfelf was flain, with many wounds. The Pre-
lates in their flight fell into Bogges, and were drowned. WunUdet , with
much difficulty efcaped, and tbat part of the Army that fled, dyed mifera-
bly : fome with cold and hunger in the Woods : fome with .toyl and 3o
watching, and many drowned in Lakes and Pools. Julian, the Author
of breakmg the Oath, was found dead in the way,of many wounds .- fome
think he was murthered of his own party. Uttniades ythc fcourge of Turky,
chedefendor ofHungmM^znd Bulwark of Chriftendom, was preferved by
God for more work : He after this defeated Mahttmet^ Amuraths fucceffot
at the fiedge of Belgrsde, where forty thoufand Turks were flain 5 but ha-
ving overwearied himfelf,vvith two days fight, he fell fick,who commen-
in gthe care of his Countrey to C/&r//?,and exhorting his fons to virtue,de-
parted this life,
LadijlAus^ A litertus his Pg/i • hume ^ was educated by Frederick the Empe- 3©
ror , who would not fufFer the Uu/tgarians to enjoy him, though they had
often Petitioned, till he was of years and undcrftanding, fit for Oovern-
tnent ; in which he was altogether ruled by Ulrkus his kinfman , Earl of
QitU^ which encreafed the peoples ill opinion of the King, and their old
hatred againftU/r/cTM, who alwaies envied H«»i4</«s for his valor and hap- ^
pinefs, and uTed all opportunities he could, to difgrace and murther him .*
and being neither fatisfied with his virtues, nor content with his death,he
perfecutes his Children,Ld<//jf4«^ and jlf4«A/>»,whom by falfe calumnies he
thought to opprefs.
Therefore one day Ladijlaus coming to expoftulate with the Earl, from 40
words , they fell to blows : Ulricus^ that began the quarrel, and drew firft,
was killed by Ladijlaus^ who cleared himfelf to the King, and upon that re-
ceived the publique faith , and a pardon, with a purpU garment ; yet af-
terward upon new calumniations, the King caiifeth both the Brothers to
be apprehended ; He put Ladijlaas to death, caufing his head to be cut off
in that purple Garment he gave him. He was three times flruck by the
Executioner, and three times he lifts himfelf up , though his hands were
bound,calling upon God,and pleading his innocency,but the fourth ftroke
cut off his head.
The King perceivinghow he was hated of the people for this murther, 50
and finding no fccurity for his abode in WungarU^ gocth to BchemU , whi-
ther he carried with him Matth/as^ the other fon of HunUdts^ fearing leaft
the people might have in the Kings abfence tumultuoufly fet him free^be-
fides he could put him to death more fafely in Bihemta^ then in BungtrU^
where he was fo well known . But before the King had pronounced
fcntcncc
Chap.i4' HtlhryofthelVorld, 409
fentence ot death againft Matthias , as he was celebrating his Nuptials with An. cbrtfii
Margaret^ King ch*rUs the fevenths daughter oiThrace^ ntVrAgue^ he was >-'^v~^>-^
poyfoned, of which he died within few hours. Botebracim, one of the
greateft men in that Kingdome, feized on the Crown : who reftored up-
on the defire of the Wttngarians^ Matthiat to his Liberty, and beftowed his
daughter on him, with many rich gifts, by which he was fitted to receive
the Crown of Wungma , which was fet on his head by the general con-
fent of the people , who had not forgot what his Father had done for
them.
"10 But though Mmhias was thus Honourably dealt wiih, by the Bohemian^
•yet he fufFerd himfelf to be perfvvaded by f he Pope , to take up Arms a-
gainft him, to the great prejudice of Chriftianity.
To^/^crf in the Empire fucceedcd frfis/mc/ir the third, of K^n^tia^
whofe inaugurationwas accompanied with fome Auftrian troubles : for he
had after the death of Albert^ undertaken the tuition of Ladiflaus King of
Hungarid^^nd Bo/jemia ^ and Arch. Duke of y^«j?r/4. But Ulncus^ Earl of
C^/w, great Uncle to the Childe^challengeth the right of Tuition: with
him Albert fides : He was Fredericks Brother who demanded a {hare of his
Fa thers inheritance ^ but the two brothers were reconciled by the Ger-
20 man Princes, and Vlricus is commanded to lay down his Arms. After this
Frsdtrick endeavors to compofe the fchifm raifed by Pope Eitgenitts, in call-
ing a Synod at Florence^ againft that ofBafil:, but when the Dolphin brought
his Armeniac Forces , (fo called from the Earl oiArmmia in Gafcoin , who
was their Leader) againft BAfil^ he did not ftir, becaufe he hated the Svoit-
^rs , whomhefufFerstobeallcutofF, being 1600. in number, by the
French. Nor did ftir in that War which was between Albert the Marquifs,
and the Noribergers. In 8. battels, Albert had the better , in the 9. he was
beaten, and then he made peace with the confederat Cities.
Frederick having perfwaded Fcelix^ to refigne the Pontificat to UicholaSy
50 and him to confirm the decrees of Bafil , he repairs to Rome for his Co-
ronation, with Albert his brother, and Ladijlaus the young King. In his
journey he beftowed many Dignities, and titles of Honour upon the Itali-
ans, by which he procured much love among them. He entertained his
Spoufc , Lonera^ KingEdrvards daughter of Portugal, at Cena ^ thither flie
cameby Tea, and from thence he conveys her to Rome, where he w^
Crowned firft King of the Lombards. (For Millan was fallen to Francis SforttA
upon the death oi Philip Maria yifeceunt, which fucceflion Vrecieriik would
not allow.) Two days after, with his new Bride, He was C rowned Em-
peror of the Romans. Upon his return homeward, the Venetians^ and Fer"
40 r4W<J»i did Royally entertain him .• for which he made the Marquifs of
Ferraria,X!>\i]^c:,znAv/h\\the Venetians he made a league. Mean while,
there were po fmall troubles at home by the plottings ciQilian , and the
Aufirians, who demand the young King Ladijlaus to govern them : fo that
he was foreced , being fuddainly befet with an Army, to difmiffe La^
^ijlaus.
fr^d/wci&alfohadmucbtroublewithA/^m his brother, and SigifmUnd
Exercb oi huflriti^ about the Principality of that Countrey: for thefe were
Cofin JermanSj or fons of two brothets, and claimed an equal right : but
after a long War, the Emperor at laft obtained all AuHria. After this heJ
50 had troubles with Matthias Rtmsdes, about the Kingdom of Hungaria t this
was like to break outinto open War, had not the differences been com-
pofed by the Gfrwrfw Princes. For though fome of the Hungarian Peers
defired Frederick to be their King, Ladijlaus being dead, yet the major part
were for their Couutreyman H«»i4d?« , who yet could not obtain the
CrowD, which was delivered to Frederick with the tuition of the child , by
Bbb Elizabeth
4IO The Second Tart of the Book.VI.
An. Chrifti Elizabtth the Motfter, till he had redeemed it for 80000 Crowns. Mean
c/'^<^^J while , Pirn the fecond, the Pope, who had been Secretary to Frederick the
Emperor, had depofed Ijebergius, Bifliop of Mints^ for refitting the Levies
of Money in Germany, Gn)o^ntA by the Pope for the TurkiOi War; and bc-
caufeherefufedtotaketheOathimpofedonhim, which was. That he,
nor his fucceffors (hould not without the Popes leave aflemble the Princes
for eleftion of a new Emperor , or for any thing that concerned the ftate
of the Empire : this occafioned matter for a new War. Frederick Count
Vo\zx\i\ oixhc Rhene^znd. Ludovic oi Bavaria, both hated by the Emperor,
fide with the Bifliop againft the Pope ; but Albert, Marquifs oiBraniehnrg 10
with divers other Princes,take part with Jdelj>hus,the new eleded Bifhop:
who in a battel were defeated by the old Bifliops faftion, which was leffe
146 1 numerous then the other.
This War was fcarfe ended, when a more dangerous arifeth between
the Emperor, and Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungaria,about the Kingdom
of Bohemia , which the P ope had beftowed on Matthias again ft Beiebraciux,
the Unfits Patron.
But the Emperor would not affent to this grant 5 whereupon ./I/4I-
thioi is highly difpleafed, and the rather becaufe the Bohemiatfi and Empe-
ror , had chofen Ladijlaus, fon to Cafimer, King of Poland , by Elizabeth , 20
daughter to Albert of Auflria. In this War Matthias had got almoft all
Aujlria from Frederick. But Albert, Duke ot Saxony, recovered it all again
to the Empire , except Vienna, which Albert was loth to meddle with ,
becaufe of the ftrength and power of that City.
In thefe troubles of Germany , Frederick, makes a journey to Rome,that
he might perform his vow : but Pope Pius was dead , and had for his fuc-
ccfTor, Paul the fecond, a man of an evil report. After this, Frederick had
troubles with Charles Duke of Burgundy , that high fpirited and turbulent
Prince , who was much incenfed becaufe the Emperor would not confer
on him, the Title, Crown, and dignity of a King : nor would he confent 3®
that Charlfs fliould be Lieutenant, or Vicar of the Empire. Upon this ,
Charles raifeth an Army, with which he befiegeth Nevefiitm, or Neuijf , a
confederate City four miles below Coleft. Frederick on the other fide Le-
vieth 80000 men, among which were moft of the Imperial Princes. The
Duke of Saxenj was Standerd bearer. But whilft both armies were pre-
paring to fight , Frederick and Charls having had privat conference by the
mediation of the Belgic Princes, peace is proclaimed in both Armysj and
j±j^ it is agreed, That CA4f/« his onely daughter , fhould marry with Maxi"
mi'iau, the Emperors fon , who was to enjoy all the Provinces belonging
to Charles, if he fliould dye without iffue male. But out of this peace were 40
excluded,Z,<B'/if,Kjng of France,Sigifmund Exarch oi Auflria, the Emperors
Cofin Jerman, Renatns,Dvike of Lorrain, and the Switzcrs, who had broke
in upon Burgundy by the inftigation of King Levoit , and had taken two
Towns.
Charles then removing his Camp from Nttiff, fell upon the Lerrainer ,
whom he drove out of moft part of his countrey. Then he falls upon the
Smfzers, Lcrrains Confederates, and takes from them the town and Caftle
of Granfen 5 but at laft his Army is totally routed by them,fo that he hard-
ly efcaped himfelf.
The next year he was overthrown again by the Swit'^rs : and the year S®
after that, being the 3. Warre he had with the Helvetians, he both loft his
Army and life by them. The perfidioufnels ofCampobaftts, the Neapolitan^
'477 who forfook him, was the caufe of his overthrow, thus revenging himfelf
foir the cuff the Duke gave him on the ear heretofore. Thefe troubles
were accompanied by two Commets, the one appeared five years
before
Chap. 14. Hilhry of the World. 41 1
before the death of Charlts ^ and the other, in the fame year hcc A/}. K^h^ijli
dyed. v-^'^v'-^^
The death ofcAWw bred a new War between Maxifttilian , zr\6 the
French. He claimed the marriage of jlf4r^, cA4r/-'j his Daughter , accord-
ing to the Articles of pacification ; andwithallj the Provinces belonging
to her.
The frc»«r^ on the contrary, afiifted by fome Belgic Princes , whofe
Chief was Philip Ravefttn^ wafted Burgumj and Flanders , and changed the
Dukes Provinces : but atlaft M4x?w///rf» prevailed, though often times
10 in danger by his feditious Subjefts , chiefly at Brugis^ where they had be-
fet him. In 8. years fpace he recovered all his Father in law's Countries;
chiefly by the helpof^i^frf, Duke ot Saxony. Raveften is driven into
France , vi'here he was made Admiral of a Fleet, which he loft in a Sea-
fight with the Turks near the Ifle of LesSes.
Frederick^ after the death of Mathias^ returns to Auftria^ where he fup-
prefTed the High- way- men. He was much troubled with a running Can-
ker in the Foot, called by Phyfitians , Phagedena^ and having overthrown
his ftomack with Muik'Millions , he fell into a loofenefs that killed him
thejS. year of his life, and of his Empire, the 54. He left onely two i\^^
20 Children behinde him, Maximilian, who fucceeded , and Cmigmda, that
married with Albert of Bavaria.
In Bohemia^ Boiebracim^ againft whom the Pope had incenfed Mathias of
Hangaria, being dead, Ladijlatts is made King, who makes War with the
Hungarian ior Mor avi*^ zndi Sile^a f which in hatred of the Bohemian Reli-
gion , fubmittedthemfelvestotheH»»^4r^4». But the controverfie was
taken up by the Princes , without effufion of bloud : and it was agreed
that a part ofSikfta^ lying next to Bohemia^ with both Lufatia's , Ihould be-
long to LadiJlAM , but Matthias Ihould poflefle the reft of Sikfta^ with M^-
ytfWrfj conditionally, Thatifhe died without an Heir Male, it (hould re-
50 turn to L4^//?^'«x ; if he had an Heir, That then it fhould be free both to
him, and to Ladislatts , either to leave, or buy thefe Provinces for 200000
Crowns.
\n Italy ^ the differences about the Principalities of Millan , made way
for Francis Sfortia, a Mercenary Souldier, to invade it. For Philip being
dead , in whom the ancient Race of Vifcounts, itomMatthetv the great,
failed ^ fo chat none of that race was remaining, except Valentina^ Philips
fifter , whom ^oh» Galeatius the Father, had married to hewis of Orleam,
fon to Charles the fift of France-, with whom he gave the Citie i^Ba for her
portion , with this condition , That if her Brothers fhould die childelefs,
40 her children fhould be lawfull Heirs to the Principality of Infubria. This
grant was not Confirmed by the Emperor, but by the Pope. Duke Philip
had another Daughter , Blance, named by his Concubin , whom he be-
ftows upon Francis Sfortia^ and wiih&WjCremom for her portion : many laid
claim to this Dukedom.
Frederick the Emperor by the Law of Feuds, which gives Title of Lands
to the Lords, when there is no Heir; Cbirleso( Orleans , by the right of
his mother rdentina^ to whofc Heirs that Dtttchie belonged by the will of
Galeatius, Confirmed by the Pope; Alphonfus of Arragon,who feifed on Na-
ples , layeth claim by the laft will of Duke Philip , who named him Heir
50 for affifting him againft the V^»«/4»j,vvhen they threatened MiSan. Fran-
cis Sfortiain the tight othis Wife, the Baftard of Philip, and by his laf^ Will
challenges the Dutchie.Mezti while,the Millaneis aimed at hheity. Frederick,
being troubled with Domeftick broiles, fleights his Title. Charles of Or-
leant fends an Army into /taly , under the command of Reinaldus , but he
was taken, and his Army overthrown by the MiSanois and fo he loft that
Bbb 2 Prin-
^iz T^he Second Tart of the Book.Vl.
yf«.C/&f/y?/Princip3lily. ^/^/^ow/af, finding it too far from him , and befet with fo
^^>^^V*^ many Competitors, lets fall his claim. Meanwhile, the rf»««"<j»x finding
divers Cities of that D«/f/&i<?,un willing to be under Mil/an, begin to fifh in
thefe troubled Waters.
Placemia and Laudtn, freely fubmit to Venice. Papa and Dtrthona^ receive
F.Sfertia. Navarr ^\ymgx\Gy.tto Y ercelle ^ come under the Savoyen: but
Sfertia being hired by the MiUanois , took PUcentia and hauden from the V<-
netiam^ whom he overthrows in a great Battel : then they make peace
with him, and affift him againft the MilUmis^ and afterward they help the
MiUanois againft him, aiming at that Principality thcmfelves : but Sfertia lo
deceived thei r hopes, tor by his Arms and Fame, he made all the Cities of
that Principality lubmit to him. Then he called in Baja^t the Turk , a-
gainftthe Venetians: but at laftjlhePrMfA King apprehended him at Nc-
varia, as he was raifing of Forces out of Germany, Switferlaud, and the Gri-
fom Countrey. Hecariied him into France,where he imprifoned him : he
died miferably, and was juftly punifhed for his parricid and ambition, the
5.year of his imprifonment.
Frances, alfo, Grand-childe of !fohn Galeacies, was brought into France^
and there ihut up within a Monaftery. So \^evi>is the 12. obtained the
Principality of /»/«^r/iai and to corroborat his Title, he bribed fome a- 20
bour the Emperor Maximilian mthgoXA, to get his approbation. That
Lw« v/ith his poftetity, and Succeffors, (hould hold the Butchie of Miffan
in Fee of the Emperor.
Lewis obtained to this purpofe, the Emperors Patent , but with this
claufe , That he fhould hold this DwfcAic in Fee, fo it might not preju-
dice anothers Title : upon this, Pope 5f«//W ( that he might drive the
French quite out of Italy,who had already overthrown tbeLigttriany Sc V*.
netian power by land) joyns his Forces with the Yenetiam and Switzers,and
reftores Maximilian to his Fathers Principality, which he held til the com-
ing of King Francis, who having taken Profperus Celumnus,zt the foot of the 5©
Alpes,and beaten the Stvitzers near MiSan,he takes the City,and by a ftrift
Siege, forces MaA;/»i/7/a» tofurrender, who by poyfon loft the ufeof
his under (landing. He was carried to France^ where he dyed of Melancholy
and a Fever,
There now remains his Brother Francis^ whom Charles the 5.Emperor3
brought back j having in two feveral battels defeated the French, and ta-
ken King Francis prifoner. But after Charks had put Francis of MiUan in
polTeflion of his principality, he difpoffefTeth him again upon fufpition of
Treafon .• Vo^e Clement, xhe Venetians, and the F;fwA alfo, upon this are
made friends- for they thought it not fafe, thzt Charles the Emperor 40
fhould have too much footing in Italy ; therefore they refolve to main-
tain S forties caufe , but finding that Charles was coo potent to be forced by
Arms to this, they work upon him by intreatiesto rcftore Sfortia to his
principality , to which Charles aflented. Sfertia is invited to Benena, upon
the publick faith , where he receives his X>«/cA/f , and withall the Empe-
ror betroths to him his Neece by his Sifter, to wit, the Daughter of Chri-
flierrs. King of Denmark. By this double knot , Sfertia was tyed to the Em-
peror againff the Pre«f/& .• but the Duke dyed Ihortly after his marriage,
then, when Cdfar having taken Tunis, was returning to Naples, and from
thtnce, in a triumphant manner to Rome: the Sfortian race being extind in jo
this Francis of Millan, King Ffancis demands from Cafar, the principality
ofMiffan for him and his Heirs, being his right by inheritance , and Maxi-
milians grant. This was denyed by Charles, except Francis would reftore
the D, ofSavoj to his Lands which were violently taken from him by the
Frfw^,mof> of which Lands were refloredj but Cafar in the mean time
parts
Chap. 14. Htftbrji of the World, 4.1^
parts not with his Hold of Mtlian , which he enjoyed whileft he lived,and An. chrilli
then transfers it upon his fon /"/j/i/^. ^y~w^^
About thefe times Apulin is in great trouble , by reafon of the Wars be-
tween Amgon and An]ou^ which lafted twenty years, occafioned at firft by
the impudent lechery of Queen ^iJdw, whom Pope MArtin^ and Lewis oi
y^»«», did purfue with all Hoftility. Hereupon 5'<''»» Jc"plores the aid of
Alphenftts^ King o^i^rraion^ now in Corfica ; he upon her intreaties arives
at Naples^ with a Fleet of twenty fail, and beats the Forces of France , and
■ thofe of S/tfm'4 5 for which fervice, fhe adopts A /f^w/«f ; he was the Son
10 of ferdwand, and Grand-childe of ^e^w, King of Ca(lile^krragon^zv\d Sicily.
This Mphonffii being the wifeft, and learnedft Prince of his time could not
endure the infolence and impudence of Queen ^om^ therefore he force-
ably drives her out of NApks^ who prefently repairs to the Pope, accufing
A//'(&(J«/«ifofhis ingratitude, and impiety 5 therefore fhee cuts of her for-
mer Adoption, and makes Leww of A^jtw her Heir, whence arofe great
Wars ; in which fometimes th e Arragenian^^omtuonts the Andegevcn^ was
mafter of Naples.
Upon the death of Lewis ^ his brother Renatus undertook the War 5 but
he was fo employed in the Wars of BHtanj, that he left the Neapolitan War
20 to his fon ^eh» , who for divers years, but with ill fuccefs^ had Wars with
Ferdiftand,the Baftard fon of klphonfas., whom he made Heir of Naples by
his laft will. At length near Troy ^o/&» was quite defeated , having loft
both the Kingdom, and the Ifland kenaria^ now Ijcla. Not long after, be-
ing conveyed to Frame in a fhip, he dyed of a Fever • his Father Renatta
dyed (hortly after, childelefs 5 his Heir was Charles Main, his brothers fon^
who being alfo childelefs, made hewis the 1 1. oi France, Charles the 8. Fa-
ther, his fieir 3 who could never be perfwaded to recover his right oiNa-
^/m by Arms, affirming, that he would firft quiet all atliome, pull down
the greatnefs of the Princes of the bloud, and leave the Kingdom to his
go fon, free from trouble and fear.
Alphenfm dyed at Naples the 65. year of his age : he left the Kingflom of 1458
Sieil-j and krragon to his Brother ^ohn, then King of Navar , for his Wife
3/4»f4, againft his Baftard (on Ferdinand , King oF Naples. Charles the 8.
madeWar, but before any a(Sion,Ffr(i//«d»<:^ dyed, having left two fons,
Alphonfm his fuccefJbr, and Frederick^ and 4 Grand- childe, Ferdinmd of A/- ^^ ^
fhonfui.
^ohn o( Arr agon t'2fcothtx to klphenfui, the elder, left Sicilj to his fon
Ferdinand, of a fecorid venter, and married him to the lifter of Hentf, King
oiCa/iile, by whot^he had afterward, upon the death oi Henrj, and
40 his fon Kiphonfusj theLKingdom ofCaflile,Uenrys daughter being excluded,
becaufe fhe was born in Adultery. So Ferdinand is now King of Sicilj, and
of both Spalns. Shortly after by his conquering Arms, he added the King-
dom of Granndo and Naples, all which he transferred upon Charles the 5.
his Grand child by his daughter.
This is that Ferdinand who fubdued and drove out the Moors, by the ad-
vice of Cc«/4/'y»j the great, after they had inhabited Spain almoft 700.
years, from the time that Miramolinus, King of the Moors, was called in a-
gzin^ Roderick, Kingofthe Goths. For this Service ^ and for caufing the
2tfwr/ that remained in S;><i/», to imbrace the Chriftian faith, he obtained
50 the title ofCatholick. The difTention of two Kings in Granado,on of which
fubmitted himfelf as VafTal to Fef<J/»4»7,^, the other fled into Mauritania,
made this Conquefteafte to Ferdinand, who had both the affiftance and
councel of Coufalvtts in obtaining this, and recovering the Kingdom of Na-
ples from the French.The^e great changes and troubles of Europe were ac-
companied with 3. great Comets, which appeard in the fpace of i6.years.
About
414
ihe S.cvnd Fart of the Book V I.
An.Chnin About the year 1454. the Bsrufftans fell t;ff from the Miria» Knieht-s, to
^-'^^^ C<i)/w/>, K.ingot Fs/W, who fome years before had much vveakned the
power oi t he fe knights by divers viftories he had over them: he caufe
of their defeftion, was the Tyrannical Government of the i^d'ians.^ occa-
fioned by their often Wars, \j)fivbich when peeplegrotv weary ^thej kick off their
CO'vermrs.'^
The Boruf(ims )oyn themfelves to the Volander^on thefe conditionSjThac
they (hall be equally capable of all Honours, Offices, and vl'ces in the
Kingdom : they (hall have the fuffi-ages in Parliaments, and in eleftion
of the King -^ That their Merchants (hall rralifick in Poland fafely^ That all lO
Cu(l:omes and impoft< impofedby the M^r/rfw^, (hall be abolilhed 5 Th^t
no ftrangers be admitted to be Governors in their Towns or Cafrles :
they (hall enjoy their own goods, as heretofore, and (hall be ruled by their
ownlaws. But the Si?r«//?«>'j cunningly to cut of all occa(ion,either in the ^^^
Pol«»ia» to let up, or in the Marian^ to renew their Tyranny , difcharge all '^^
their Garrifons, and deftroy all their Forts, Caftles, and Cittadels, before
they made this union with Poland. This defection of the Boruffians , was
the occalionof 12, years War, between the Mariatis, and Polomansj at
la(f a peace is concluded between Caftmir of PeUndand Letvii Erlingt hufs
Mifter of the Marian Family, on thefe Articles , That the Caftles and 20
Tc'wasoiMarieburg^Stuma.^^nAChrifleburgi, with fome other places and
To^vnslying upon i'#wfr4»/4,(hould be delivered up to the Polander ^ the
Manans fhould retain the reft fo long as they would be faithfuU and fub-
)tdi to Poland.
This was the 2 50. year fince firft the Marians under Hermannw ^^alcenps^
were called in by Cenradtis M<j/tfw«^,againft the rebelious Boruffians on this
condition , That what they did fubdue by force of Arms, fhould be their
own. Since that time then that they began to deftroy the inhabitants, and
their Idolatry, and to replenifh the Countrey with Germans^ it became
a part of the Empire under Frederick, till now the Polander hath ob- go
tainedit.
About this time, ^ohv^ King of Cyprut^ married his daughter Carolota^ to
Lftp/ifot S/iToy, to whom he promi fed that Kingdom for her portion: after
King ^o/&«i death, ^4w«, his Baftardfonfeizeth on the Kingdom ; fhort-
ly after, upon theinvitati'^noftheC3r/>r/\'w,Lcir^ arrives, and 'James a-
voydsthelfland. But fhortly after he returns with an Army out of fj-ji^/,
and drives hewis^ with his vsnfe, and Rhedian forces, out of the Ifland : to
make his Title the furer, he marrieth with Aecatarina, daughter to Mark
Cornelius the Venetian, to which the Senate aflented, and withall, adopted
her for their daughter,that by her they might have the eafier accefs to that 40
Kingdom. Not long after the marriage, ^ames dveth, and leaves his vsdfe
great with childe to the Senat ^ this childe dyed alfo fhorly after his birch,
whereupon the mother returns home, and delivers the pofleflion of Cy-
frus to the Senat.
In the year 1440. when Yrederickhegiw his Empire, the Art of Printing
WJs found out at M/»/z in Gfrmanj. In the year 1477. Eherhard, Earl of
Wirttberg , whom afterwards Maximilian made Duke , ereded the Uni-
verfity ofJuhnga.
CHAP.
Chap Itf. htHoty of the H'orld. 41^
C H A P. X V.
The prcfecutientf the a f aires efCermsiny^ Italy, France, Spain, and the t-
ther neighhortng places^ under Maximilian the Emperor, mth the Coronati-
on of Charles the fifth^ from the year one tho^f and four hundred eightj ftx,till
one thottfandfve hundred trvenlj.
^^^gi Aximilian Was made Coleagu with his Father Frederick inthe Em- . chrifii
lo^ivl^ pire by the Eleftoralfuffrages. Hewasa wife Prince, agreat ^J'-^r^
^^^1 Scholar, and a good man.In his time the Univerfity of Witteberg i486
^^^^'^^^^ was erefted by Frederick oi Saxony: and that ofFranckfort on Via-
drus, by loachim of Brandehurg. Heliad 8, years War with the Belgians ,
who had rebelled. Thefe at laft he forced to fubmit to the Imperial yoak,
by the Valor and councel of that brave Commander, Albert, Duke o'tSax-
onj, who having fubdued Celderland, falh upon ^rifia, which Maximilian by
the confent of the Imperial Princes, beftowed on him, for a recompence
of his valor and charges. Some part of this Countrey he fubjugated , but
being prevented by death, he leaves an \mperfeft Vidory to his Sons,who
20 though they maftered them a while, yet could not long retain Friefland in
fubjedtion : for not long after, the Cities and Nobility confpire together,
andftiakeofFtheS4x^» yoak.
In the bcgining of thefe Belgick Wars, Maximilian found much difEcuL
ty for two years after his eleftion : he was taken and kept a dole prifoner
in Brugit, where he was difgracefully ufed , and forced to look upon the
tortures, and cruel deaths of his fervants, till he was fet at liberty by his
Father,and the whole ftrength of the Empire: after the death of (JW4»-
ihias, Maximilian makes War upon Hungaria, but at laft is contented to give
way to the Eleftion of L<*^/y74«*,Kingof 5o/&tfw/4,referving the right of fuc-
30 celfion to himfelf , and fucceflbrs , if Ladijltm fhould die without iffue,
male.
After this, he makes War in Italy, but with ill fuccefs, fo that he loft
all he poffeffed there. Firft, he Warred in Hetruria in defence of Pifa , a-
gainft the f rf»f/5» and F/srirw^iwj being invited thither by the Pope, Leroit
Sftrtia, and the Venetians. He was carried to that expedition in a Fleet of
Genua, but finding that he could not take the Town and Port of Libumunty
though he attempted it to the lofs of many of his men, he fent away his
Army to Lombard^, and he followed after, and fo returned into Germany .•
But greater wars were kindled by Char Is the 8.of France,^ high fpirited and
4<5 hot young prince. He hoped to gain all Italy by his right he had to Naples,
Lewis Sfortia had oportunely implored his aid againft the K^rragonians.
Charles, to make all fure at homCjmakes a League with two of his enemies,
to wit, with Maximilian^whotn he had incenfed by repudiating his daughter
j4argaret,And by carrying away Ann o( Briiany(hK Spoufe)by Lewis Sfortia,
vtio betrothed Blanct Ma.^y ( fifter of ^ohn Galeaciut') to hiro,after he was
defeated of his ^ritifh marriage: then he ingratiated Ferdinand of Spain,by
reftoring the rich City oi Perpennian, in the very entry of Spainjand thofe
lands which his Father lohn in the Celtiberian War had mortgaged for mo-
ney to Levfit the 11.
50 Charles then enters Italy with a formidable army, and fets at liberty Pi-
fa^ from the power of the Vlorenttns , and thefe from the Medices , and Send
firom Pandulphus Petrutius. He alfo brought his Army intoRome, and cau-
fed the Pope enter into League with him,and to deliver up Gemes, the bro^
tbcr of Baia:^t: thence he marched with unexpefted celerity to Haples^
upon whofe approach, ^//>^fi»/«;, with his fon Ftrdifntnd^ and his Unckle
Frt'
^i6 The Second Tart of the Book VL
jift Ch Tti Fye^f^f'^D retreated •, fo that he without great difficulty obtained the king-
v.^'^^AL dom, and entered liapUs in Triumph the firft of lamarj.
The neighbouring Princes, aftonifhed at this unexpefted fucceffe , en-
ter into a league againft the French : chiefly the Pope , Maximilian Cafar^
the Senate oi Fenice, Lewis Sfortia, with Ferdinand o( Spain:, which made
Charlesretreu--, and perceiving that the way by which he was to return,
was (hut up by the Venetians and Sfortia, (whom Lewis of Orleans in the in-
terim had invaded, and feized onNovaria ) he makes his paflage by the
fword, and fo having overthrown them in a bloudy battel, near the River
Tarrus^ he returns fafe into France, 10
But Charles continued not long mafter of Naples, for Ferdinand , fon of
Alphonfus^ renews the War, being affifted by Confahus^ whom Ferdinand o£
Spain had fent with a ftrong Fleet to defend Sicili : but in the middeft of
his viftories, about two years after the Viftory o^Charles,he dyed of a Fe-
ver, the right to that Kingdom being transferred upon his Unckle- Frede"
rick. Againft him a league is made between Lewis Sfertia^Pope Alexander^
Lewis the 1 2. of France, fon to Charles of Orleans^ fucceflor to Charles lately
dead , Ferdinand of Spain, the Vcnetians^and Florentines, on this condition.
That MzZ?<i»fliould be reftored to King Lfjv^, who claimed it by right of
inheritance^ and Cremona to the \^eneiians: Thar Cxfar Borgia, Pope ^- 20
/fxWfnfon^fliouldbeafiiftedtodeftroy the Flaminian, iEmilian , and
Umbrian Noblity , by which ilaughter he aimed at the Principality of
eifalpin Gallia, and that Ferdinand aud Lewis ihould divide the Kingdom of
hiaples between them» Ferdinand preferred a Kingdom to Confanguinity,
inrefpedtofwhichjhefhouldhaveafiifted Frederick. The hatred of the
Venetians againft Sfortia, caufed this League : for the Pope a little before,
with Sfortia^ and Venice, were in league againft France and Florence^ in de-
fence ofPifa : for which caufe they drew in Maximilian the Emperor; but
when fuccefs failed them, and the Venetians aimed at the fuperiority of Pi-
fa , Sfortia fell off, and oppofed himfelf to the Venetians ; which incenfed 50
them, and made them enter into league with the Princes againft him.
S/i)m4beingnowinagreatftrait, and finding no help from Maximilian^
whom the Swit^ers and Grifons had made War upon, he moft wickedly in-
cited Bajazft againft Venice, which was his ruin : For when he returned in-
to Lembardf, having the affiftance of the Swit'^rs Foot , and Bitrgundian
Horfe, he was betrayed to 7>rf»;«/«w the Frf«f^ General , and by him
conveyed into France to perpetual imprifonment. His brother alfo , Af"
canitis, the Cardinal, as he was flying to Placentia, was intercepted by the
Venetians, and delivered up to the Frcw^y; and fo M/'to within one year
changed her Lords thrice. 46
Frederick of Arragen^ who was nowintheKingdomofN^^/w, being ig-
norant ofthe league between the two Kings of Spain, and France, and
that they had parted this Kingdom between them, fent to Confalvtts for
aid ; but in vain, for he was fuddenly furprifed by the French, who were
come down into Campania , fo that he was forced with his wife and chil-
dren to get over intotheCaftle of ^f»4r/4forfafety : Naples being fur-
rendered, he obtains leave of Mamtireitis and ohegnius , the French Gene-
rals, to repair by fea unto King hewis of France, hoping to finde feme fa-
vor from him. This requeft was quickly granted, for they knew that he
fliould be there imprifoned. He left his young fone Ferdinand lit Tarentftm,
to keep it with a ftrong Garrifon, who furrendered both the town and
himfelf to Cenfalvus , who fent him into Spain to partake of his Fathers
fortune.
According to the agreement, the kingdome of Naples was divided be-
tween the two Kings ; the two Provences of Campania^ o r Terra laberia^
Jfrtf-
Chap.I«f. fiiftory of the World, 41-7
Jprutta,ox ^rxcminA, fell to the French^ with the City oi Nap/es^ the Re- > ch H'
gA\(cdxoi CumpanU. The other two, namely ^rw/^f, and Abulia, to the ^^^sPl^
Spaniard. But after\yards,becaufe one kingdome could not fatisfie two
Kings, the Yrench and Sfaniard fell out about the di vifion , and fo the Spa-
niardhzxiv\g quite expelled the /'rfwA,obtaiod the who le kingdom.C/c/Jr
Borgia, having nefarioufly murtherd the Italian Nobility,and poyfoned his
Father Alexander by a Cup, which he had prepared for the Cardinals, but
by the miftake of the Cup bearer, wnsprefented tothe Pope , by com-
mand from Ffri//«4«i/ of Spain was apprehended, and there imprifoned
10 3. years in the Caftle of Medina, whence he efcaped by ropes,out of a win-
dow, and fled to ^ohn. King of Cantabria, in whote Wars, with Alarims,
he was (hot with a musket bullet, and fo dyed. Upon the irruption of the
* French into Ita^y, Maximilian calls a Dyet ot the Princes at mrms, for ma-
king War againft the Turks 5 buthe could not effeft any thing: fhorly af-
ter he makes War againfl: the Helvetians, in which 200CO men were confu-
med. Eightbattclswerefought, in which M4xiwi/M» had the word:,
whofe aim was to fupprefs the growing greatnefs Cf the Stvi):!^rs, to reco-
ver the Territories taken from Aufiria by the Smt:{ers, and to reduce them
to the obedience of the Empire. At laft a pacification is made at 5<i^/.
20 Then began the Bavarian War, occafioned by Rupert the VaUtin, fonne to
Philip the Eleftor, who married Enpert to George, Duke of Bavaria's
Daughter, with whom he obtained from George ^^ part of the "Dutckj of 54- ' 5^4
i;4r/4 for her portion. C^e/ir would not ratifie this grant of B4<y4r/4 3 be-
caufe it was againfl the Cuflom of the Empire, and Laws of Fees, and pre-
judical to Albert t Duke of Bavaria •-, yet the Pope approved it. After the
death of George^ Maximilian would have a 3. part of the lands granted to
be affigned oyer to Aihert oi Bavaria^ another 5. to Rupert for his Wifes
portion , and the reft to the Palatines Family for the lofTes they had re-
ceived from hervis of Bavaria. Philip refufed thefe conditions,therefore
50 he takf 8 up Arms : Maximilian prefcribes himjand raifeth an Army which
much weakened the Palatine Family: Rupert was aflifted by the Bohemians,
2000 of whom were (lain. At lafl:, the Palfgrave being worfted, Frederick^
Eleftor of Saxony, reconciles him to Cdfar, cauiing him at the Dyet of Co-
len to make his fubmifiion to Maximilian, for which he incurred a while
the Emperors difpleafure, in that he would mediate for fuch an enemy of
the Empii e:yet C<«/4r pardoned the Palatin,and gave to Ruperts fons,a part
of that controverted countrey.
The-Venetian War was undertaken by almoftall the Kings of Chri-
ftendum, at the inftigation of Pope /«//«jj who had lately driven out of I5°8 ^
40 Bonomia, lohn Bentivo/us, being now 70. years old. Their power began to
be formidable to the other Princes : but after they had punilhcd the V«-
netians fufficiently, the fame lulius raifeth another War in defence of them.
Two years before this, P/&yiV/> thefonof Maximilian, Prince of Bohemia,
is invited to Spain by the Nobility , to undertake the Kingdome of //4-
beRa his Mother in law : Ferdinand perceiving his peoples affeftions more
inclined to Pi&y/;> then to himfelf, in anger he failes to Naples: but Phy-
lip being unacquainted with that hot climat, fed too plentifully, and fo fell
into a fever and dyed the 28. year of his age. He left by his wife two fons,
Charles and Ferdinand, and four daughters. Before his death , a Commet
^Q was feen.
^ When Ferdinand underftoed his fon in law was dead, having fetled Na-
ples, he returns into Spain, and by the way trieets with the French King,
with whomheconfultsaboutthe Venetian War, which the Princes were
willing to undertake, that they might curb the growing eftate of that Ci-
ty, which ufed to raife her felfe by the fall of othcrs,and aimed at the Do-
C c c minion
Ai^ The SecondTart of the Book.VI
An.chrift!' minion ot all Italy, Therefore Maximilian Cafar, Pope ]ulius, Lervis of
vJ'^<"s-' France, F£fi//»W of Spain, and hlphenfus of ^erraria^ enter into a Confe-
deracy againft them. Cafar was willing to be revenged on Venice , for
flopping his paffage into Italy, when he was travelling to Rome for his In-
auguration. He took from the Venetians by Ralfh Prince of Knhdt^ his
General, Vincentia, Verona, and Padua, and defeated the Venetian Ar-
my whereof poco. were flain. But fhortly after they poyfoned him at
1513 Verom, and fo the Cities revolted to the Venetians again. LwifofFrance
took from them , Cremsm, with fome other Cities : Alphonftis of Ferraria
feized upon divers of their Territories : Pope Ittlius took Ariminum,R.a- lo
venna, and other Towns .• and they were Fleeced alfo by Yerdimnd, Thus
being exhaufted of their mony by this War, and robbed of their Cities ,
and Territories, they humbly beg peace from Julius , which he granted
them, but could not perfwade the i^rf»f^ and (7fr>w4/?j, nor'the Ferrarian
tolay down Armes, which occafioned a new War, in which the French
take Bwflw<J, from the Pope ; whereupon he excommunicates Zw/^, the
French King, and pretends to bring back Maximilian Sfortia unto his Fa-
thers principality, whencehe was unjuftly expelled. The French l^\x\g
on the other fide, fieighting the Popes curfes, calls a Synod at Pifa^ in
which, after the example of the Synods oiCenftance and Bafill^ he defires 20
the Popes aftions may be queftioned ; to this the Florentines at firft affen-
ted, but fliortly after they recanted ; whereby the Cardinals and French
Garrifon by a popular tumult are expelled the City, fo that they repair
to Mi Ban.
The Pope was affifled by the Venetians^ Swifi^ers^ and Ferdinand of Spain,
who expelled out of C4»w^m, /o/&»3 King of iV4i;4r, being of the French
Fadion. Bchinde, France was invaded by King Henry of England. The
French and German Army defeat the Venetians near jithejis^ then they march
to Ravenna, where they totally rout the Popes army , of whofe men there
were flaia fixteen thoufand the reft flung down their Armes and fub- 50
mitted. «
After this, the Emperor calls home his forces, and makes a league with
Spain and England , which furnilhed the French with work at home :
wherefore the French Army is called out of Italj^ but as they were march-
ing, they are fet upon by the Switzers and Venetians upon the Popes infti-
gation, and driven quite out of Lembardi. So the Pope recovers again Bo-
w»i<i,andcaftsoutthe Beutivoli. G^««4 allerts her own liberty ; Maxi'
milian Sfortia is reftored to the principality of MiSan^, and fo are the Medices
brought back into Florence^ whom the French had driven out ; and fb end-
eth the Confederacie againft the Venetiam. After this. Let 10, takes from 40
S/tfm"4,P/<tt:f»«V<_, and jP^rw/z, extending the Churches Territories as far as
Fe.
LefvU of France, and Ferdinand of Spain , fecretly make a league , con-
firming Cantahria upon the Spaniard, and Milian upon the French : but the
French King dyeth not long after, and the year enfuing, the Spanifh fol-
lowed : in whom ended the race of the \^rragonian Kings , which had
reigned from the Berengary Earls of 5dr«^«>«4, 370 years, anda^oinS/rf-
Ij. His death was portended by a Commet. To Ferdinand fucceeded
1 5 1 5 Charles the fift, his Grandchild by his daughter. To Lewis fucceeded,Fr4»-
; 1516 cis, Duke of Angculefme, his fon in law ; he began his reign with the Itali' 50
an War, in which, breaking through the Alpes, he dcfeates the Switz>erSy
lighting for MaximiUan Sforti/t at Milian : the battel lafted two days 5 of
25000 men, fcarfe one halfe efcaped. He takes from the Pope Patma and
Placentia , reftoring them to the ancient jurifdiftion of the Infuhrians : the
Gaftleof M^/f4» isfurrenderedtohim, imd Maximilian conveyed into
France.
p
¥
Chap.I^. Htjiory of the IVorld. 419
France. Upon this fuccels, Fr4«fAf intends to invade the kingdome ot ^;;.C/&r/7?/
Haples , had not Maximilian Ctftr called him out oflta/y^ by ftirring up the ^^^'^v^^^
Sfvitzers and E»glifJ) againft him. The Venetian War begun by Maximili-
an 5 was ended by Charles, in the league between hin-i a id franctf^ on thefe
Articles. That C/;4r/« (hould reftore the kingdom of Navsr to his fon
lohu, if the Arbitrators fhould think fit, and withal! loocoo crowns yearly
to the French Kingout of the Kingdom of N^/'/f J, for confirming of his
right to that Crown .• alfo that Vero»a{hou\d be reftored to Venice upon
the payment of 2000CO crownsto Cafar at two times. Maximilian being
10 now oldjConfirmed thefe Articles,and the rathetjbecauf he had no hope of
aid from Sfvitzerland.But when Cfurles was eleded Emperor, which Francis
aimed at, this league was broke, and great Wars fell out between C^4r/^
and Francis, in which the pofl' ITion of Navies, and MiUan was recovered
hy Charles. About this time, C^&rfr/w Duke of (7f/Jfr/4»i/, upon the inlli-
gation and charges of the French, made Wars againft the Brai>a»tif)s^ in ha-
tred of the houfe of Burgundy.
About thefe times in the Diocefs of Sp/>«, the people began to mutiny
for their liberties, after the example of the Smtzers : but this fparkle
hid 2 5 years under the Cinders , brake out into a flame through all Ger-
30 many. At Vienna there was a meeting between MaximilianC^far Xadiflaus,
King of Hungaria and Bohemia, and Sigi fmund Jiing of PoIand,who renew
the old league, which they confirm by mutual marriages,That M4ry,Neecc
to Maximilian , fhould marry with Lfw/V, the fon of Ladijlatts '.Anna the
daughter oih tdiflnui fhould chufe either of his Nephews for her Husband,
with hope of fucceflion to the Kingdom of Hungaria, if hewis fhould dye
without ifTue male;That after the death of Ladijlaus ^Maximilian and Sigif"
«w««i fhould have the protection of the children and kingdom, but the
Hungarian Nobility, after the death of Ladtjlaus, which followed fhortly ,
negledted both thefe Guardians , and fell into Fadlions about the Tuiti-
S^onof theyoungKing, fcarfe yet ten years old ^ dividing his Revenews
and power among them, which gave occafion to the Turk (^Maximilian
being dead, and the Polonian involved in a three-fold War, to wit, the
Tartarian, the Ruffian, and Borufnacetu) to invade Hungaria, and take
Belgrade, the chief flrength of that kingdom. Maximilian held his laft
Dyet at Aufparg, in which a confultation is had about the Turkifh Warre,
for Seljmffs having overthrown the Sultans kingdom, did threaten Chri-
flendom. He recommended his Nephew Charles to the Princes to take
care ot him after his death, which followed fhortly after, having fallen in-
toaFever, and loofnefs the 59.yearofhis age, and the 3 2.of his Empire. '5i9
40 He had two wives , the firft was Mary of Burgundy, by whom he had Phi-
lip, who by marriage added the kingdoms of Spain, Sicily, and Naples
to the Houfe of Auftria : His other two fons dyed youngs his Daughter
Margaret was betrothed to Charles the 8. of France , but by him repudia-
ted , having taken by force Ann of Britany, the onely Heir of that Dutchj,
after fhe was promifed to Maximilian. Then Margaret was betrothed to
the Prince of Arragon, who dyed before the marriage j at laft fhe marri-
ed with that unfortunate Prince, Philbert of Savoy. Cxfars other wife
was Blanca Maria, Daughter to GaUeaeitts of Millan, and filter of ^ohn Git-
leas , by whom he had no iflue.
tfQ Some few years before Cafars death, I/^//i!»«W, King of PoIand,and Con'
ftantine, DukeofRofs, orRoffia, defeated the great Army of the Mufco-
vits, having killed about 400CO of the enemies near Boryfthenes. About
this time arofe the quarrel between the Francifcans , holding the Virgin
Mary to be conceived without fin, and the Dominicans , who held the con-
trary : which troubled the world, till fome Monks were burned for fpeak-
Ccc 2 in?
^lo The Second T^rt of the book. VI,
-«^».cAf//?nng through hollow Images of the Virgin, and deluding the people. An,
VV^^v.' 1517. M4r//»L«^;&£ybegan to oppofe the Popes indulgences : 100 years
atter, the burning of ^ohn Buffe at the Councel of Cenfia»ce, being encou-
raged thereto by Frederick ^Duke of Saxony, and feconded by Erafmus, Me-
UnBhen^ Bugenhagius, and others. Hisintentionat firft, wasonely toop-
pofe the abufe of Pardons, but being exafperated by Tecetias the Domini-
can, who burned his papers, and ftirred up other Monks to write inve-
ftivesagainfi: him : he writes to Pope Leo, and A/^fr^jArchbifhop of Mag-
deburg, Piimat of Germany, that he would fubmit his Thefes to the
Judgement and Cenfureofthe Roman Churchy and at thelaft Dyet of 10
M;j;f/zw///4»j held at Ausburg , he promifeth to Cardinal Cajetatj that he
would be filent, if his adverfaries would be quiet : but they ftill incenfed
his fiery 1 pit it, with more oy le , fo that now he proceeds further in oppo-
fing Image worfhip, Purgatory, Tranfubftantiation, and other controvert-
ed points.
After the death ofMaxmilian, the Turk having fetled Syria and Egypt,
prepares to invade Panonia : the Fr^/jf/?* King having beat the Switzers ,
and polTefl'ed himfelf of Millan, aims at Naples, and ftrives to tranflate the
Empire from Germany to France : Therefore he raifeth an Army,makes
way with Pope Leo the tenth : defires the Title of Emperor of Conftanti- 20
nople , and promifeth to make War againft the Turk. For this purpofe,
the Venetians are invited to joyn with him : Ambaffadors are fent into
Germany to treat with the Eledtors for the Empire. The Arch Bi(hop
of Mints fends to acquaint the Eledors that the Emperor was dead , and
I, that they fhould meet at Franckfort about his fucceflbr, who all met at the
day appointed, and place, in the Church of S. Bartholemew^ where the Pat-
tern called the Coldett huU, was read, the Decrees of which, the Electors
ftanding at the Altar, fwear to obferve. After this, they go from the Al-
tar to the Chappel, where the Eleftion ufeth to be 5 there the Arch-Bi-
(hop ofMints having prayed for diredion from God , and a blefling on 50
their proceedings, he makes a fpeech to them, fhewing the weight and ne-
ceffityof th,u bufinefs they were now about 5 of that concord which
ought to be amongft them : how diflenting lufFrages have heretofore
caufed much civil War : how much bloud had been fhed about the luc-
ceffion of the Empeior, till O/^othe^. by the Popes approbation eftabli-
fhed this Eledoral Colledge, by which thefe 500 years, the Imperial pof^
feffion hath remained in this Nation : Healleadgeth many examples of
mifery and deftruftion in Germany, by difagreeing Eleftions 3 and how
needfulatthis time concord is, when Germany hath fo many enemies,
and the Turk is threatningChriftendom : when the eyes of all Nations 40
are now fixed upon this Eledion .-When the Eifliop had ended his fpeech,
the Eledors commended him for hii wifdom and eloquence, and promife
to follow his directions. Mean while the Ambaffadors of Charles, King of
Spain, Arch-Duke of Auftria and Burgundy, with fome German Princes,
come to Mints, recommending to the Eledors, the wifdom, courage, mo-
deration, and other virtues of this Prince ; likewife his power and ability
above othe Chriftian Kings, which Maximilian perceiving, recommend-
ed him to the Eledors : this fo wife a Prince, fo loving to Germany would
not have done had he known the contrary. But the French Legates at
Confluence, with great promifeSjflrive to procure the Eledors fufFrages, 50
(hewing that they fhould not prejudice the Laws if they Eleded Francis
fortheir Emperor , if they confider the great union heretofore of the
G rmrJT and French Nation, under the Family of Pipin and Charles, almoft
ICO years: how by their united flrength they fuppreffed the i^embards^
Sarazens inlcaly and France:how needful their union is now to fupprefs
the
Chap 14. hiltorj of the IVurld, 4X1
the 1 urkb greatnelb 5 how much i='r<?»(rwv\ as affected to the well-tare oi An Chrifti
/M/y, whereof he had now a good part , which being uuited with Vrame^ ^^y^'v-^
and Germanfy would niafter the Turk both by Land and Sea. Befides that,
noPrinceinChriftendom was fo fit to be Emperor as frawcftf, both in re-
fpeft of his power, as of his Militarie ski), valor, and happinefs, whereof
he hath given good experience in recovering of Infuhria •, and that the
Germans fhould lofe nothing of their Liberties by this Eleftion, but rather
increafe them by obtained offices and places of Command in Franc&^ pro-
mifing that no French Garrifons fhould be kept in German)^ but the natives
10 of Germany onely.
The Eleftors thanked the King for his good will to Germany, promifing
to proceed in the Eleftion according to their Laws, and Oath which they
had taken. Not long before this, the French King had fent Legates to the
Srvttzers, (hewing them how needful! it would be to the peace of Chriften-
dome , and defVruftion of the Turk,if Francis were chofen Emperorjthat
therefore they would be no hinderance to this Eleftion , which was fo
much defired by the Chriftian Princes, and the Pope himfelf for fuppref-
fing of the Turk who was aiming at the total fubverfion of Chriftian laws,
and religion .• He promifeth alfo that the Swit^rs fhall be great gainers by
20 this Union, TothistheSir/V-ser^anrwer , That they would not hinder
or moleft the liberty of the Eleftors in their choife. They fend Letters
alfo to the German Princes, fhewing how the French were bufie to procure
fufFrages, and withall difTwade them from Elefting FrancU^ior that would
caufe much trouble in Germany, and that there v/as no need to chufe ftran-
gets, having fo many able men oftheir own Nation fit for that high im-
ployment. They write alfo to Pope Xw the 10. That he would not per.
fwade the Eleftors to chufe Francis , for that would caufe great Wars bs'
tween France and Germany , to the great prejudice of Italy. The Pope
by his anfwer feems to be inclined rather to Charles, then Francis , though
30 he nameth neither.
Mean while the Eleftors proceed to the Eleftion, the Bifhop of Mints
fpeaks firft, fhewing that it was againft their Oath, the liberty, Honour,
and fafety of Gtrmanj to chufe Francis being a flranger,&c wohfe aim was to
transferre the Empire into France, which could not be pofleffed in Germany
heretofore by Charles the GrofTe, and the Otho's, without great Wars. If
then Frances be chofem , the French will domineer in Germany, and will fet
it all on fire of Civil Wars : for he hath already denounced War againfl
Charles, and hath broken the old league between France and Burgundy , and
threatened War againfl Naples •-, befides, the Auflrians and Belgians have al-
40 ready refufed to be under the French yoak : and there is no more reafon
for Frrtwe to demand the (7<rw^;? Empire, becaufe they derive theOrigi-
nall oftheir Rings from the Gfrwrtw/, then they have to demand Troy
from the Turk, becaufe they derive themfelves from HeEiors fon. If Fran-
f» (faith he) be chofen, then muft the Eleftors make war againfl Auftria,
fo well defervingofGfrwfl^^, and violate the Will of M<JA:/wi//fl». They
will arm Francis, who is too ambitious of domination, with power to raife
War in the bowels of the Empire. As for his fuppreffing of the Turks, in
that he can do nothing, except firfl he fupprefs the Belgians at home , and
the Neopolitam in Italy. He concludes then Negatively, againft the Elefti-
50 on of Frfl»f« ; as for C/&dr/f^ he is doubtfull, becaufe S;'4?« is fo remote
from Germany, which by reafon of the Turks , or of civill difTentions, re-
quires the Emperors prefence. Befides, it is ro be feared that Spain having
once got the Emp»re, will not part with it again, nor will they ever fufFer
Germanytotn)oyMillan , which they have conpueredby their bloud.
Therefore he thinks it might be fafer to chufe one oftheir own German
Princes
412, The Second Tart of the Book.Vh
A». Chri(ii Princes , if any one had power enough to buckle with Spain or France -
^^y*^/'^^ but if thefe two Kingdoms fall out, Ctrmanj will be wronged for want of a
potent Emperor : which was the caufe that in Frederick the 5. time , the
^«r_^»«<a(;4«^ marched without controle through a great part oi Gtrn^anj :
Philip itf^rw domineered in /r4/y ^ and the Emperor himfelfe was befct
even in Aajfria , who was beholding to Bohemia for his liberty : and laftly
he was driven out oi Attjlria by the Hungarians •■, befides the late controver-
fies in Religion are like to make great broiles in Germany, which cannot be
fupprefled without a geHerall Councel , and a prince more potent then a-
ny of the German Peers, who muft both aflemble and defend the Coun 10
eel ; and no fmall power is required againft the Turk ^ therefore he con-
cludes in the Affirmative, that in refped of power, Char/s is the fitteft for
the Empire; and the rather becauie he is a German prince , as Arch-
Duke of Auflria, and not a ftranger : and befides , a prince of excellent
parts and temper for government, whereof he hath given ample teftimo-
ny in fetling Spain, and compofing the differences thereof : difcended
alfoof brave princes, if you look upon the virtues either of P^///^ his Fa-
ther, or oi Maximilian his Grand- Father : He is alfo of an age fit for Ad-
ion and Government 5 not a childe, nor an old decrepit man. As for his
remotenefs from Germary^ he may be fo jdealt with, (in refpedi of many 20
urgent occafions, and of his large principalities in Germany^and Belgium^ to
make his oftneft refidence there, feeing he will finde employment enough
in driving the French out of Italy ^ia keeping ofFtheTurks from Aufiria^and
in fetling Religion.
Having finifhed, the other Eledors defire the Bifhop of Trevers to
(peak, being a man of learning, judgement, and experience, asoneaccu-
ikotaed to puhVick employments boih in Rome and Cer many , and well ac-
quainted with the eftate of France. He therefore having commended
the Bifhop oiMints for his wife fpcech, fheweth , That if his opinion be
followed, the old prophefie will be fulfilled, which was, Thsit Maximili- ^O
an fhould be the laft German Emperor. But faith he, there fhould be no
need of a forreign prince, if the princes of Germany were not idle and la-
fie , but would imitate the valor of their progenitors : Yet if there muft
be a forreign Emperor, he prefers Francu to Charles j becaufe Spain is far-
ther off, which having got once the Empire, will hardly part with it again;
befides,if Charls fhould be elefted,bccaufe of his principalities inGcrmany,
then Francis may be chofen,who hath the Dittchy ofMiSan^and Kingdom of
Aries, anciently belonging to the German Emperors. Again, the benefit
that will redownd to all Europ, by the Union of France with Germany is
very great j for fo Italy will be quieted, the pope fatisficd, and the Turks 40
fiipprefTed r the French alfo, and German natures do fympathife in
love, manners and opinions -, but Spain as it is more diflant in place , foit
is more different in qualities, andinrefpeftof longinquity, lefs able to
help Germany at a pinch, and to endure our cold climat ; befides , That
Spain will have the glorie of all our Viftories, and make us their flaves 5
whereas the French will (hare with us : if Francis be Emperor, MiSan will
be as well ours as theirs, and the Be/g-y^wf will be lefs able to Mr againfl
him, and he will have the lefs caufe to War againft them, or to trouble /-
talj teeing Fy4»(r«enjoyethJtf/'/?<i;!i quietly; fo that he will have no thing
to hinder him from falling on the Turk. But if wechufe the Spaniard , 50
troubles will arife in Italy, and fo the Turkifh War will be hindred. The
French will fall upon Naples, and if he prevail, will force the Pope to an-
nihilate our Eledion, which will caufe unfpeakable troubles ; befides,
how hard it will be to get the Empire out of the Spaniards hands having
once hold ofit, may be conjeftured by the Carthaginians, who having
once
Chap 15. Jtitltorj of the l^^'orld, ^zj
once got footing in Suily, could not in many years be driven out thence , An.Chridi
nor the Spaniards out of Naples, nor can the Turks yet be expelled Eu- >^~VN-'
rope.
If we compare thefe two Kings together, we will finde that Francis is
the better Scholar, the wifer man, and more experienced, becaufe more a-
ged : in Charles there is but an inclination and difpofition as yet,to prince-
ly and military arts ; but in Vrancis there is a habit who hath with fuch fe-
licity managed his Wars in Italj, as to overthrow the Srvitzers, and fubdue
Mi It an : Therefore he concludes in the affirmative, for Fr4»fw, (hewing
10 what inconveniences will arifeto Germany^ by the remotenefs of Charles :
but he prefers to both a Native Prince oi Germany, who is fuch in Habita-
tion, Language, Manners and Original ; fuch a man may be potent e-
nough, faith he,if there be but worth and courage in him,and unity among
us: for when one told Lewis of France, That Maximilian was butjConful of
Aufpurbg fignifying his weaknefs, true, faith the King, but when he beats
his Drum all Fr4»ff trembles i intimating the Emperors power, which is
formidable to the neighbouring Nations , for (faith he) inferior Princes
fuch as {^Ibert Duke of Saxony , Albert Marquifs of Brandeburg , the
Bavarian and others , have upon occafion raifed great Forces , why
20 then ftiould we miftruft the Emperors pov/er, or prefer a ftranger to a
Native.
After he had fpoken, the Eledors fat filent a while , mufing what was
belt to be done ; at laft Frederick, Duke oi Saxony, delivered his opinion.
That Francis by their law could not be chofen : that Charles was a German
prince , and that they flood in need of a powerfuU Emperor in thofe tur-
bulent times, and that Charles was in this refpeft to be preferred before
all others : but yet that certain conditions for the liberty and fafety of
Germany, muft be propofed to him . To this the other Eleftors afTented.
The Bilhop of Trevers told them, that he forefaw the Fate oi Germany^zwd
50 change of the Empire, therefore wifhed them ferioufly to confider , but
withall for quietnefs fake, he would joyn his fufFrage with them, fo that
day was fpent in debates. Thenextday they meet to confult about the
conditions to be propofed to Charles his AmbafTadors then at M/'«//, which
being accepted,a day for the eleftion is fet inS.Bartholemervs chappel;M/«/i
is firft asked whom he thought fit fhould be Emperor , anfwers Charles
Arch-Duke of Auflria 3 then he asks the reft, they all anfwer the fame.
Thefe fuffrages were indorfed and fealed,and then publikely proclaimed:
whereupon the Arch-BifhopofMints made a fpeech to the Nobility and
people, thanking God for phufinga Prince fo eminent in Virtue , fb
40 excellent in power, fo fweet in his own nature and difpofition, who being
now of the fame age with Alexander when he began his Empire , was fit
for great Adions, and Heroick exploits. He thanked God alfo for the u-
nanimous afTent of the Eledors ; whereas heretofore their difagreeing
Eleftions have been the caufe of much bloudfhed and Civil Wars in Ger-
many 3 therefore he wifheth the people to be thankful, joyful, dutiful ,
and obedient to fuch a Prince, who is no ftranger to them but of the Au-
Itrian Family, which for above 80. years had deferved fo well of Germa-
ny, who hatih given already tefiimonies of his princely Virtues,by fetling
and uniting the fadions and warlike fpirits of Spain, which now was to be
$0 united to the German Empire. When the fpeech was ended, all gave a
fhoot, and with joyful acclamations allowed the Eleftion, and prayed for
the profperity of the Emperor.
The Embafladors of Charles are fent for, and their advice is required
about fetling of the Empire in quietnefs from the French Faftions , till
Charles ihould be ready to come himfelf : upon this Caflmir , Marquifs of
Sran-
4^4 The Second Tart of the Book.VI.
T Qyifii Brandeburg is appointed to place Garrifons where there was fufpition, and
iy^>sr\J to have an Army ready if need (hould require : fome Eleftors were joyn-
ed with him as his councellors : the Ambaffadors are accompanied by the
Elcdors to Mintz, who returning to Franckford, fend Fredericks, Palatine
of the Rher)^ with feme other Princes, as their Ambafladors to Charles^ one
ofwhom made fuch haft that he came to Barcinum, or Barellona from
Ftanckford'Wi nine days : He found the King in Bed, in the morning, whom
he acquaints with the glad news of his EledioUj for which he isre warded
with good ftore of Gold: thePalatin is met with by the King almoft
three miles without the town, to whom he delivers his letters , in which lO
the Princes exprefs their good will to, and great hopes they have of him,
whom they humbly defire to accept of the Empire,and to haften his com-
ing into German'^.
Charles^ by his Orator Mercuritiui, anfwiETs the Ambaffadots , That he
was very joyfull for the good will of his Countrey towards him, and their
gcod opinion in conceiving him onely worthy of that high employment,
and honour , therefore promifeth to return mutual love to his countrey,
and perpetual good will to the Princes his Cofins. In the mean while,
Charles was perplexed within bimfelf , when he confidered the great
weight that lay on him if he accepted the Empire, to wit, Wars both with 20
France and the Turks, and the offence he (hould give Spain in for faking
them : on the other fide, he thought it hard to refufe what God, and the
free Eleftion of his Countrey had cafl: upon him, tending fo much to the
honour of his Family . and well- fare of Chriftendom : Therefore he
wiftiethFre^fr/Vit to acquaint the German Princes, that he v/ould accept
the Empire ; then he c^lleth to God for wifdom, with Solomort to rule his
people, Grace to imitate the virtues of Trajan and Thecdofiui, two Spanifh
Princes called to be Emperors .• then having writ his Letters to the Prin-
ces, promifes to aft nothing v/ithoutthesi, and to be with what Ipeed he
can in Germany. He difcaiffeth the Palatine, after he had be£la\ved rich 30
gifts on him.
In the beginifig of the fpring, Cafar fet fail, and arrives in Etfglarsd,
where he is Royally entertjrned by King K«iry the 8. who promifed to
wait on him at his Goronation : fo a kague is confirmed between them.
Then he comes into Belgiur^, where he is received v;ith joyful acclamati-
ons, finding him now a man , who went from them a chiide. He made
fome ftay there lO fettle the Countrey , and to receive King Hewf who
came not, being hindred by the French , with whom he enters into a
league. At laft Charles comes to A^j:, attended by the flower of the Bur-
gundian^ and Belgian Nobility. He was met by the Eleftors , and reft of aq
the German. Princes : by the Prisfjs alfo, carrying the Monuments of
Charles the greet. The next day, beicfg the 1 2 cf Olisber^^ was crowned,
though the p'ague wis in the town. Mints and Celen put on his Robe, and
led him to theAltar, the Palatine carrying before him the Globe of the
w.orld; 5i!i>?«My, the Sword, and 5ra»ii3'«r^ , the Scepter: Trevers An-
noyntedhim: Co/ot and Mi««/ Crowns him. After he had fworn at the
Altar, then the Sword and Scepter were delivered to him ,• after this,the
great Feaft is prepared, in v/hich Mints Oiandeth with the great Seal in his
hand 5 Brandeburg with the Scepter 5 the King of Behentias Ambadador
is Cup-bearer ; and the Palatine, Sewer. Mean while,the Duke of Sax- 5^
cny diftributes Hay in the Market place to the Horfes : awhole Ox, fluff-
ed with all forts of Birds, is rofted, of which the firft difhis prefented to
1520 the n.ew Crowned King of the Romans : after the Coronation, Cafar y
lyith the Princes go to Colen^ to confer about the next Dyet, which was
appoynted
Chap . i6 . Htjlory of the World, 4. i^^
appoyntcd cobcheld at ^tfrwwjthefirft of ^a»«flry : this being done ^Jn.Chfifii
Charles returnes too into Belgium , and the Princes to their own ^'^^^'V^^
homes.
Chap. XVI.
7 he affairs ef Italy, Oermany ^'Netherhnds,it>ith the aliens of the Popes
of thofe times ^ and the Councelof Trent, ^c. under Charles the 5. Fer-
■•^ dinand fl»4 Maximilian , from the year one thoUfand five hundred twenty^
till ent thou fand five hundred feventj fix.
' Harles the fifth being Crowned (as is faid) in his firft
Dyet held at JVormes, profcribes Lather to ingratiate
himfelf with Pope Leo : but Frederick the Eleftor hid
him at Wartherg till the troubles were paft over, rai-
fed by C/jro/o/?a(/r«f for breaking down the Images;
then Lnther ttiwxvis to yitehergMezw while the Pope
^ makes a League with Charles to drive the French
ao out ofJnfuhria , and all Italy, which was eafie to be
done,by reafon the Svvitzers had fallen off from the French for want of
pay. MiBan is reftored by Cxfar to Francis ^fertia, brother of Maximili-
anr-) Pirma and Placentia to the Pope, who fliortly after dyed not without
fufpition of poyfon given him by his Chamberlain, in whole place was
fet up Hadrian^BHhop of Wir/V)&»,fometimes Csfars School- imfter,but then
Governor of Spain : He gave way for a general Synod to fupprefs the dif-
ferences in Religion, and to corred the corruptions of the Clergie. He
made a League between Charles Cafar, Henry of England, Lewis of Hun-
garia, and fome of the Italian Princes, having excluded the French, from
whom the Venetians fell off: in the interim , Adrian dyeth the fecond
50 year of his Pontificate. In his time the Inquifition begins to burn Luther-
ans as Hereticks : two Monks were burned at Bruxels. Luther rageth at
fienrj the 8- for writing againft him, and aHuming from the Pope the Title
of Defender of the Faith. Zuingliut, a Canon of Tigurum, caufed the Se-
nate of that City to caft off the Roman Religion. King Francis of France
taking occafion upon the Commotions of Spain, feifeth almoft all Navar^
and fends a great Army againft Millan : but Cafitr drives the French again
out of Italy, and fends CW/« of £»r^0;» into Province, who in vain at-
tempted Mafjyles. Francis retakes Millan^ being fbrlaken by Sftrtia^ but in
the fiege of Papia is taken himfelf prifoner, having feperated his Arrtiy by
i.o the advice of Clements 7. who fucceeded v^<^r/j».Hereupon Clements fear-
ing that C<«/4r would be too great in Italy, makes a League with the
French 8c Venctians,to tefkoreSfortia.Cdfar fets Francis again at liberty on
fuch conditions as he would not perform, and being angry with the Pope
abolilhes his power throughout all Spain. He takes the Caftle of Millan^ _^
and the Columnii invade Rome, where they befiege the Pope in his Ca» ' '
ftle of 5. Angela, and plunder his Palace of the Vatican. The Churches
are fpoiled,the priefts abufed,the rich men plunderedjthe Pope forced to
yeild upon C/ifart conditions, and the Cardinals Caps are openly fold.
Thus was Clement punifhed for breaking his League with the Empe-
5°ror.
Mean while the Florentines turn out the Medices,aad fet thetnfelves free:
Ge»«jisforcedtofubmittothe French power, which after this layeth
fiege to Naples, but the ficknefs foraged in his Army, that it confumed
Ddd 20C00
Ai(^ ne Second Tart of the Book.VL
\AnyChrifii 20000. the reft were diiperfed. Neither was their Frwf^Fortune better
U/'VNJ in Infubria^ for they lofe Genu* again with the Caftle, and are driven out ot
5ia/W4,and 5(»r^p» taken prifoncr^fo that the Confederates are now forced
to think of Peace with dtftr : but Germany is much troubled now with
Controverfies of Religion .• the Proteftants are divided among theqi-
felves '■) Carolo/ladifts, with ZHiflglius^ and OecoUmpadius ^ in poynts of the
Eucharift oppofe therofelves to Luther: many Lutherans are burned for
Hereticks : the Rufticks and fervants, under fhew of Evangelical liber-
ty, rebel againft their Lords and Mafters ; Luther with all his preaching
and writing, could not reclaim them^ but they in great flocks drive out
the Gentry, pull down their Caftles, kill and butcher all that make refift. i®
ance. At laftby the confederatSipmtfw are overthrown ntzxUlme^Fran-
conie^ and other place. About 50000 of them are flain, and their Ring,
leader is rofted alive at a gentle fire ; yet (hortly after they fly out again
by the inftigatjon of one Thomas LMunzerus^ a mad Preacher, but are ut-
terly defeated by philif^ the Landgrave : Mun^erus preaching is fpoiled
by the lofs of his head. Another Pvebellion againft the Bifhop of Tre-
vers , is quieted by the puniftiment and death of their Captain Siecin-
gus.
Mean while Luther goeth on boldly in his Reformation. He fets out
the New Teftamcnt, and Pfalms in Butch^ and caufeth Divine fervice to 2»
be performed in the Vulgar tongue, whofe labor in this is commended by
gC^/&» Duke of 54Artf»jr, who fuceeded his brother jFrfc/rr^f/t by George of
Brnd^urg^ by Erneftus and Francis of Lunebur?^ by Fhilif the Landgrave ,
fhillf of PomeranU^ and fome others. Thele protefted againft the dc-
' ' I52P crces of Ratifhen^aad Spire^in prejudice to religion : hence came the name
of Proteftants. Albert , Mafter of the Tenttnick order, and Duke of Beruf-
jia, marrieth with Dor0thj^ Daughter to Frederickythe firft King of Denmark^
then did the Rhodian Knights obtain the Ifle of 2li4//4,and at the fame time
the fweating ficknefs brake out in England.
Charles preparing againft the Turk, makes a League with the Pope at 30
BareeBona^ wherein it was agreed, That Cdfars Daughter Margaret^ fliould
marry with Alexander of Medices, and that he may be reftored to his anci-
ent Dominion of Florence. The Venetians alfo joyn in this League, and
delivered up the towns they had among the Samnites^ in Ficenum^ and -rff «-
It is alfo agreedjThat Francu paying 200000 Crowns,fliould receive his
Children again which were his Hoftages. Then after Cttfar had beaten
Solytttdn^he is Crowned at Bononia with great ftate by the Pope,to whom he
fwore to deftroy the Lutherans , who at Marpurg tryed to be reconciled to
ZuingUsii^ but could not. Shortly after in the Dyet at Jufpurg^they exhi- 40
bited the confeflion of their faith ,from the place called Auguflaaa , which
was openly read, but then rejeded by Ctefar. The Luther m Princes are
enjoyned to reftore all to the Church again, under pain of profcription ,
and not to write or fpeak againft the Roman Doftrinc. But Luther pub-
liftieth a book, exhorting the Germans to rejeft that impious Edift of the
Dyet, and to oppofe the Roman Tenets, and to defend the Proteftant
Princes by the fword. Cafar, to retain the Empire in his Family, caufed
his Brother Ferdinand, at Colen to be proclaimed King of the Romans.The
fame year Florence, after a long fiege is furrendered to C^/ir ,and according
to the Agreement between Cir/^rand the Pope, Alexander of Mediees^ihc j^
Baftard Ion of Laurence, is made Duke o£ Florence j but Charles finding the
Turk preparing againft him, makes peace with the Lutherms, by the me-
diation of i^lbert. Arch- Biftiop of Mints, and Ludovick, the Palfgrave. In
his Army arofe a great mutiny for want of pay, which made him alter his
refolu-
Cha p. i6, Ht/iory of the IV or Id, ^i-j
rciolunon, and return by /My into Spain. The Turks wall and plunder An.Chrifii
all where they came -, but in theirreturn lofe both their fpoiles and lives v.^-^^'-nL
in Helvetia-
The Bernois after the Example of Zurich and Bafil^ihdikt off the Roman
religion; whereupon by the inftigation of F/?r<^/»<T»^ and C/ewrw?, great
troubles are raifedj which the J'r*»£:i{» endeavoured to compofe, butcould *55'
not. At laft they come to a Battel, in which Zfl(/«^//«^ is killed, and his
body burned. oecelampadiHs grieving for the lofs of his friend, dyed. The
T/^«r/w recruit again, and try another Battel, in which there W3S fuch
Jojofs on both fides, that they agreed to live peaceably one with another,
notwithftanding feheir differences in religion. In Wififhalia a War is raifed
by ^ohno^Lejden, theTaylor , who being infefted with the madnefs of
Muntzer^ and back'd by Bernard Rotman^ Minifter of Monafler , cavilled a-
gainft Baptifme of Infants, braging much of Enthufiafmes and the Spirit t
A great part ofMenafler fided with him. No difputation nor councel could
work on thefe men ; but to ftrengtben themfelves they call in many
ftrangers, they thruft out the old Senate, and choofe new Senators 5 they
call the City 5^ertf/4/^w, and dream of new Apoftles, Kings, and Judges.-
but the Bifliop by the German forces fo befieged their new ^erufalem, that
20 it was vexed with as great a Famine as theold,and all kinde of calamities
and outrages. At length after fixteen months fiege the Town is taken 5
the Souldiers are put to the (word , King ^eh», KnipferdelUng^ Beruh^ and
their Minifter Kretchting, are nipped with hot burning pincers,and hanged
upon a high tower.
Pope Clement confirms a new Order of Capuchins , and procraftinates
the promifed Synod, leaving that burthen by his death to Alexander F^r-
neftus his fucceflor, whofe pontifical name wasP4«/the third : he feemed
verydefirous to have a general councel : He makes his Nephewes Car-
dinals : MantHA is the place firft named for a Councel , then Ficentia. Fif-
50 teen of the proteftant Princes, and 30 Cities do remonftrate to
his Embaflador rfr^fr/»« : That a general Synod, is the Tribunall of the
whole Church, not of the Pope alone j and thattl\e Fepe was a party,there-
fore no competent Judge: that heoughtnotfirft pfhimfelfto condemn
Luther^ and then force the Synod (o do the like. Luther at Sm^tcatd^framns
fome Articles, fubfcribed by certain Divines , which he exhibits to the
Synod at Mantua. ,
Mean while C^/ir makes an expedition intoAfriea^to reiloteMuleajfes to
his Kingdom of Tunu, being turned out by Barbtref^ the pyrate of Mitf
lene, whomSolyman had furnifhed with a fleet, himfelf being employed
4^ in the Pfr/?4» War. ^ar^^rp/i is overthrown , the Moor reftoredto his
Kingdom, and the Caflle Culeta built by Charles, which made the Chrifti-
ans Navigation the more fecure. The Turk took Selefteia,hut in his return
loft the moft part of his Army by Famin and Want. W hen c^y4r was re-
turned from Afric, he feizeth on Millan, (now void by the death of Sfer-
tia') as being Lord of the Fee. The French King on the other fide
claims it as his inheritance, andbecaufe the Duke of Savoy adhered to the
Emperor, he drives him out of a great part of his Territories , which fo
moved C^yir, that he made a great complaint to the Pofe at Rome againft
theFrench,3nd withall fends an Army into France : but Pope Paul, un-
50 derflanding that the Turk had taken C//jf4 in Dalmatia, Corcyrn from the
yertetiam, and fubdued Moldavia, makes a peace often years between C<e-
pr and the French at Nicaa, a town of Province, where he procures for his
Nephew O^avitts, the Widow of Alexander Medices, who for his iiitempe-
rate Letchery, was murthered by his Cofin Jermin, Lawrence. Cofmtts Me-
dices, is by Ciefar made Duke of Florence, but againft the Popes \(i't\\. The
Ddd 2 fteet
^z6 The. Second Tart of the Book. VI.
Aft.Chrifii fleet which the Rmperor , Pope and Venefuin fent againft the Turk , is ovcr-
v^'^v^^ thrown by Sarharojfa and ftormy weather. Luther tranflates the Bible into
^538 Dutch , and prints it •, whofe example in this , was followed by divers other
Nations: At Straishurg a Colledg is ereded , the lefiiits focietie is inftitutcd by
LoioU a Spaniard •, the Proteftant Princes make a league among thcmfelvcs ,
to whom is joyned the Dane^ who had lately changed nis Religion : Cxfar up-
on the intreatie oF his brother Ferdirtand , calls a Dyet at Francford , for re-
conciling the differences in Religion, where a truce is given the Proteftants.
Cafxr not long after this , having buried his Empercfs ifabel , King ^ohn
of P^^rfwf 4//'s fifter , makes a journey into /■r4Wff , where he is royally rccei- 10
ved by King Francis at Paris, and Eleanor his fifter , King Francis his wife -,
he fends Ambafladors to Venice to incite them againft the Tttrk^ whofe metro-
polis Conftantinofle was almoft burned down •, but the Caftle of Gule-:a was
recovered by Barbarofsax, then Cxfar haftncth to Belgium to fupprefs the rebel-
lion of Gaunt , whofe old Priviledges he took away, and put to death the fe-
ditious Authors, he appoints a conference at Wormes^ between the Catholicks
and Proteftants, which was interrupted by the Pope fearing a Schifme. Af-
ter this Charls growing more milde towards the Proteftants , indeavoured to
have a conference of moderate Divines at Ratisbon^ for reconciling fome con-
trovcred points ^ but Catarenus the Cardinall fearing the Popes diU)leafure, a- 2®
verted the Emperors minde,who refem it to the general Synod,for he was then
preparing of a fleet for i^lgier inKyifrick againft the Tttrks^which came to no-
thing, for the winds and ftorms fo (poiled the fliips before Mgier ^ that they
were forced to return into Sfain with great lofs •, fo likewife Ferdinand's pre-
paration in Germany againft the Turks did mifcarry, by the ficknefs in the Ar-
mv) and for want of difcipline : About this time alfo , Francis finding that-
charls deluded him about the rcftitution of Millan , and that he had put to
4eath his Legats going to the Turks ^ breaks off the league , and drawes Willi'
dm of Cleveland^ to whom Charls had denied the pofteflion of Gelderland^ to
fide with him, who therefore endeavoured to feife upon i^ntwerp •, for Charls 3®
of Egmund heir of his fathers quarrell with the houfe of Burgundy , left Gel-
derland by his laft will to William of ^uliers , and to his onely daughter Ma-
ry his wife , whofe fon William became heir of ^uliers , Cleveland , Gelder-
land, and other places -, this wealth , that he might the more eafily enjoy and
retain, againft the ^reat power of C^/^r , he thought ithisfafcft way to en-
ter into a league with -Fr^wf , which caufed afterwards great warrs. Charls to
ftrenethen his caufc againft Fr4«c« , ftrives to make the Pope on his fide,
therefore he labours to lupprefs the Proteftants 5 yet he would not part with
Parma and P latent ia^ parcels of the Dutchie oi Millan , to O^avius , Farnefi-
uSy Pauls Nephew. He prepares then to make warr upon France and Cleve- 40
land^ for this purpofe he reftores to Cofmus Medices his Caftles for two hua-
dred thoufand crowns : The French are affifted by Chrifiian 3''. of Denmark^
and Cuftavus the Smde, for fome wrong they had received from Charls •, Bui
^ Francis unwifely divides his Army into 5. parts , and falls upon 5^. feveral Im-
perial! Territories , by which he wcakned his power , and loft quickly the pla-
ces he took ; Cleveland loft fo many of his Townes , that he was forced to
fubmit to Crf/jr, and to content himfelf with the \oCso£ Gelderland: But the
French take Laudrefs and Luceburg , and afTift the T»rk in the fiege of Nicea ,
^^ and defeat the Cefarians in Piemontt, wherefore C^pr at 5^/>f gives peace to
the Proteftants till the next Dyet : Shortly after he recovers Luceburg , and
taJkes divers Townes from the French ^ wafting all his Countrey almoft to 5°
Farif , fo that Francis was glad to fue for peace , arid to reftore Savoy.
During the quietnefs which the Proteftants had under Charls , they ered In
divers places Colledges,and Schools for learnings but thofe Halcyonian days
held not long j for Cafar and Francis combine together to reftore the old
Religion,
Chap. i6 . Htjlory of the IVorld, ^z^
Religion , and to fupprefs all gamfayers : Therefore Proclamations are made An.chrifii
through all their dominions againft Proteftanifme : One Peter Brulitis for op- ^-/->rv»
poiing the Roman Faith , is burned at Turnaf •, The Wddenfes are maflacred
in Provence : Their extirpation was urged in the Dyet at Wormes. Paul af-
fembleth the Synod at Trent •, with him C^far^ the French y and Polonian joyn
in league , Cdij.tr is reproved and threatned in a fliarp Letter , which Luther
anfwcred , for conniving fo long at the Proteftants. Henry of Brtmfrvig-^ for
raifing new troubles , is taken prifoner with his fon by the Land-grave •, the 1 54^
next year after this Luther died , 29. years after he began this btall quarrell *
10 The conference at Rattsbon is dilTolvcd , the Proteftants complaining of their
hardufage^ and refufing to ftand to the decrees oi Trent. Mi^ts and Tre-
ver% fall off from Herman oiColen^ and Frederick Palatine, who were btely
turned Lutheriam : C£far raifeth an Army , Colen is profcribed by the Pope,
a truce is made with Soljman , left he ftiould hinder the warr intended againft
the Proteftants : The Pope promifeth to aflift C^far with 1 2 thoufand Foot,
50c Horfe, and good ftore of gold . Charls declares that his raifing of For-
ces was not againft the Cities , but (ome Princes who obftru(ited juftice and
the peace: The 54Ar^» and Landgrave,whomC<«/4r aimed at, remonftrate that
they were free from all crimes except Herefic , which was the oncly caufe of
2b the Popes war: moft oif the Prmces fide with the Emperor. lienmarkwui
now in league with Charls, and the houfc of Burgundy •, therefore to avoid
oflence, Chrifiian the third , would not alTift the Proteftants. The Saxon
and Landgrave are profcribed by Csfar , who hath now a great Army of
Pomijicians, Spaniards y ^nd Germans, with which,great Forces of the Belgi-
MS do joyn near Jngoijia notwithftandin» the Proteftants endeavoured to
hinder this conjunction : Cafar to diftract the Proteftant Army , affifts Mau-
rice the Saxons Cofin German , with Forces againft the Elector , with whom
before he had a quarrell : Hereupon the Proteftants are ncceflitated to tranC-
fen thck Army into Saxony , and to leave aGarifon in Suevidx The Land-
grave returns home with his Forces , unwilling to fight againft Maurice his
30 fon in Law ^ So it was eafie for Cdfar to fubdue the Sueves and Noricks. Fre-
derick Palatine, a friend but lately to the Proteftants , now reconciles him-
fclf to the Emperor , fo many otners fubmit to him : In the mean while the
Proteftant doctrins of traditions, Apochripha books, originall fin , juftifica-
tion by faith alone,and their opinions of the Sacraments are condemned in the
Councell of Trent.
The Saxon recovers what Maurice had taken from him, and withall furpri-
feth divers of his Towns , he drawes to his fide the Bifliopricks of Halberfiad
and Magdeburg, Cafar puts a mulct upon Ausburg and Strasburg , and receives
them into favour 5 But //^rw4« Bifhop of Colen , upon perfwafionof his
40 friends , refigncs his Bifhoprick : His fuccelfor Adulphus prefently abolifhed
the begun reformation : C^far takes in divers Towns in Saxony , in the inte-
rim his great Enemy King Francis dies , a friend to the Proteftants , not out
of love to them , but of hatred to Charls, therefore he ufed fometimes un-
derhand to furnifti them with money : Saxon being now deftitute ot the
friendfliip of France, is expofcd to the Emperors fury , who with the Forces
of his brother Ferdinand and Maurice , falls upon his Countrey •, the DuKt
had fent moft part of his Army into the Cities, therefore makes hafte to fbet-
ter himfelf in Witteberg , but Cafar foording over Albts, overtakes him , ^d
- forccth him to fight • In this conflict the Duke is wounded and taken: , and by
50 a Councell of Warr condemned to die , but he redeems his life by refignati-
onof hisElectorfhip, and by {\xtxtndxm% Witteberg SinA G ot ha to Caf art, his
cftatc was confifcate , and beftowed upon Ferdinand and Maurice ; a yearly
pcnfion was allowed him. At Dracenburg , though the Proteftants had the
Dettcr of the day ^rom the Ce far ians, yccthey were much dejected for the
affliction-
^jo 1 he tx'cvnd ^Partof the Book VI.
^«.CAr//?_/ affliction of i\\tSaicon. The Landgrave by pcrfwafion of MauriceXviS iow
""-^"V""^ in Law, and Srandeburg humbly fubmits himlelf to C^far , who detained
him prifoner : C£[ar carried away out of Germanj into his Provinces , about
500. piece of Ordnance, and cxadedof the Proteftant 160000 thoufand
crowns •, Ferdinand alfo punifhed the Bohemians^ for not invading , but rather
defending the 54x«;«^ Territories: The Proteftants are forced to fubmit to
the Counfell of Trent in many places •, but fomc jarrs arife between the Pope
^54^ jj^j c^far^for indeavouring to moderate the Counfell upon the Proteftants re-
queft i and for flighting the Papall dignity. Pope Paul being told by his
Phyfitians , that the aire of Trent was not wholfomc , transfers the Synod to ^c
Bononia^ againft which, defar by his Ambaffidors complains.
Maurice, for his fidelity to Cic/'^r , is made f\c&.Qtoi Sax on^j, he repairs
the Univerfity of Wittcbttrg - m all other places of his Jurifdidion he caufeth
the Proteftant Minifters, to be either depofed, banifhed, or killed : The exam-
ple of Francis S])ier^ who falling off from Proteftanifme , fell into difpair at
FaduA^ was the occafion that divers were converted. 3ucer,Fagim ^ and
Martyr^ pafle over into England : Brentim^ Mafculu-s^ and others, are ftrangc-
ly prefcrved. The Captive Saxon , Brandehxrg and the Palatine, favour the
Proteftants. Magdeburg ^ Brem^ and fome other places of Saxony^ ftand up-
on their libertie ; Flacctis I/lyrjcus h^Lvcs Witteburg , where he condemned 20;
Melan6ihons Faith , and goetn to Magdeburg •, which City CAJar profcribed,
Ijjo and commanded the Eledtor Maurice to befiege it. The Eleftors arc
wrought upon to transfer the Title of King of the Romans upon Philify Cafars
fon, by Mar-j of Portugall , but they would not recede from their firft Ad.
The Magdeburgers overthrow fome Forces of their enemies,among which were
aoo Gentlemen. Mean while Paul ^'^ dieth with grief ^ his fon Peter Loifius
being flain before by FerdinandGon^ga. After three months alteration,to Paul
fucceeded Julias 3*^ vvhofe name before was Johannes Maria Montanm^ he had
been Prefident or Moderator of the Counfell. Henry 1^ of France , fon to
Francis^ ftrives to ftir up the (7?rw4« Princes againft Charts^ chieflly Maurice ^S^
who was offended for the imprifonment of his Father in Law the Land-
grave-, Maurice combines with Colbert of Brandeburg , and the Mcgapolitans
with France • for the German liberty , he is leader of the Magdeburg Army ,
who having made his peace,leaves taeMagdeburgers to Cxfars mercy ,who lay-
eth a heavy fine on them , leaving them to their Religion and Liberty. Tnc
Proteftant Divines exhibit their Pofitions to the Counfell of Trent , but they
were rejeded. The Eledor Maurice having often Petitioned Cafar for the
Landgraves libertie , but ftiU in vain, makes war againft Ci^rfW^, feifeth upon
Auffurg •, and having affrighted the Trent Fathers, with the report of his com-
ing thither, they all fled. Crefcentius the Cardinall , Prefident of the ^^
Counfell , was affrighted in the night by a black dog. The French take
fome Townes of the Empire, and by Lorrain break in upon t^lfatia , and ex-
torts provifion from Straisburg. Maurice propounds a league with Verdinand
and the Bavarian.
The /"r^wc^ King underftanding that the C(/4r;4W out of Belgium^ were
fot into Champany^ wafting all with fire and {"word , turns afidc to Lucem-
itrg. The Saxon having taken the t^lfin Straits, kills and takes about 3000.
of the CdfarianSy which fo affrighted Charls and Ferdinand , that by the light
of their matches, they ftole away from Oenipont to Villacum by night : Oenipont
being taken, all goods belonging to C^fir or the Spaniards , were plunder-
ed, but the goods of Ferdinand and Germans , were not touched. A truce is ^
made at laft , and then peace. The Landgrave is difmiffed from his Belgick
prifoh. A free and perpetuall exercife of Proteftanifme in Germany is gran-
ted, and all profcriptions are abolifhed. Before this tranfadion, Uime , No-
riberg^ with the Bifhops of ^.iw^^rf , Herbipolis ^ and Mints ^ had fuflfered
much
Chap .1(5. Hiflory of the IVorld. 4; I
much lofs and dammage by Albert, who had alfo fubdued tVormes and Spire, An. Chrifti
and taken Trivers by furpiifall. Maurice fends his Army into Hungary againft ^-/-'Wj
the Turks, who had taken there divers Towns in revenge of Cafars taking of
hefhs in Affrick againft the peace. Ferdirtands lofles were fo great, that he
ivas forced to buy his peace from Soljman for an yearly penfion of 30000.
crowns. Cdifar ooeth againft the French^ but lofeth moft part of his Army
by ficknefs, and Iiis fortune began ftill to dechne , he made war againft Par-
ma and Mirandtila, being alTifted by the Pope , where he loft many men , but
did no good. Sena fell off from dtfar to the French , becauie the Cxfarians
^o built a Caftleinthat Town^ The Territories of Sena with long War was
laid vvafte, and at laft fubdued by Cofrnta Medices , who by Famin took 5^-
»4, andaddeditto hisPrincipallitieby C^fars permiflion. Henrj^ hy \hz
Turks alTiftance ,took the Ifle of Cerjica from the Germots^ and wafts With five
andfvvord , Qdfars Territoues , who on the other fide deftroyeth ibme
French Towns.
About the beginning of the year 5 1 of this Century, the Pope dieth , to
whom fucceeded Marcelltn i^ he alfo the two and tvvenrieth day of his Pon- j e 5 j
tificate , is fuddenly taken away by an Apoplexie , in whofe place cariie
^ohn Peter C arajfa^now called Paul 4''' a great Antilutherian and promoter of
aothe Inquifition, the confumer of 150 thoufand Proteftants in 30. years
fpace : heimpofed heavy tributes on the ^'^ww, and caufed them for diftin-
ftion fakejto wear yellow caps , being angry with Cxjar for oppofing his E-
ledion , he faifcth an Army againft Naples , his own Countrey , but Charts
being weary of the world , after the Example of Diode fwt . layeth down his
impcriall dignitie, leaveth his hereditary Kingdoms to Philip his fon, and the
Empire to Ferdijiand his brother , then retires himfelf into the Mdnaftery of
S.Bieroms Oiditx :, dedicated to S.Laurence by his fon Philip, in memo-
ry of the great Vi(5tory he had over the French at S. j^intins ■ this Coveiit
is in the Efcuriel near Madrid. Here Charls fpent two years in devotion, and
30 then died the 38 year, or as fomefay, the 40 of his Empire, and the 54
of his life , his deatiV was prefaged by a Commet : Mean while the Pope
aflifted by the Vrench , makes war againft Philip i who in revenge < fti'ips the
Pope of almoft all L4r/«w, wherefore he finding P^/7//' too potent to buckle
witn^ now the Vrench being defeated, and the moft of their Nobility taken it
S.^uintins^ and that oBaniim Vernejiuf was in favour with Philip from whom
he had received Placentia , admits of peace which was accompanied with the
innundation of Tihris^ that did more hurt then the war. In Charls his time,
VerMnand Magellan found out the Strait^ fo called from his name , and in two
years fpace failed about the world, and returned again to Sivill. In the fpace
40 of 20 years Verdinand Cortes , took multitudes of Towns the chief where-
of is Mexico, with many Provinces : The Country alfo of Peru is fubjuga-
ted by Farga and PiT^rus, in which is the great City Cjt(co : The Portugalls
alfo take many places in the Eaft Ww. Cafiritts obtains a great Victory a-
gainft the King of Camhaia, and withall takes Dio, the rich and great City of
that Country, which became the chief Seat of the Portugalli under King E-
mamel, and King ^ohn who looked more ftridly to the Government of that
place, then Charls did to the Government of America, being intangled with
the wars of Eur op, which occafioned the Spaniards to Tyrannize over the poor
Americans.
50 To Charls fuccieeded his brother Terdinand ., King o( Hungary 3.nd Bohe-
mia. He confirms the peace of Germany, advanceth the Univerfity of Sena,
erected before, by ^om Frederick the Elector, appoints a conference at
■ Wormes between the Papifts and Proteftants, which took no effect becaufe
MeUnBh on zndo^tx Luther Ans would not condemn (as the J?ow4w/?.fdcfi-
red) Cahiff ^ ofiandir and the reft who bad receded from the Augufian C6n-
feflion.
^2i The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
Jbt^hripl^^on-y ^^^ t'^e peace of Germany was not by this interrupted: But Livonia , a
^.•-V-^v^ Province of the Germm Empire, is much Ihaken by J-ohn Bafdides D.ot Af«-
fcovia^ beciufeupon their civill Warrs they had negleded to pay the tribute,
they owed by promife to the Mufcovtt •, therefore he takes Narva by furpri-
fall, layeth wafte the Countrey of Derhat^ and threatens the ruine of Livonia,
which at laft paid the gold , but yet could not pacifie the Tyrant. There-
fore the Rivaliens defired Chrijlian 3' of Denmark to be their protedor againft
15 59 the Rusfian by reafon Eftonic had anciently been fubjed to Denmark ; but he
wifely refufed , affirming he had more land then he could well govern •, yet
he helps them with money and arms , and the next year died : after he had 10
caufed the Bible to be tranflated into Danijl) , and had fet up preaching Mini-
fters in his Kmgdome : This year alfo was fatall to Queen C^^ary of England^
King Henry oiFrance, the D. ol Venice^ and Pope Pattl/i^^ whofe Marble fta-
tue the Romans contumelioufly ufed , by cutting off his hands and head •, they
deface all the Scutchions , or Arms of the Family of Carafa, they open the
Inquifition prifon , and let out the prifoners , and then fet the houfe on fire.
This year alfo JdolphftsD.o^Holfi fubdued Dithmars by the help of Frederick i^
King of Denmark , fon to Chrijlian 3'' : This Duke having utterly defeated
the Dithmarfians , they were forced to fend their \ riefls with white flaves to
beg pardon for their rebellions , which was granted conditionally they would 20
give up their arms , andfubmit to his Government; which was afTented to:
and withall , they were contented to pay yearly a Florens for every acre of
land they enjoyed . Tlie Livonians by reafon of their continuall opprefTions,
were forced to defire the King of Poland's protection, who made GothardMai-
fter of the Knights, Duke of Curland^ whcnih^iLivoman order had con-
tinued 358 years.
After 4 months debate , PiUs 4* called before ^ohn Angel o^ the houfe of
Medices^ is made Pope. At his Inauguration 18 men were killed, as they were
fcrambling for the money flung that day among the peopIe,and about 40 hurt,
an ominous initiation to his Pontificate : he pardoned thofe that abufed his 30
predecefTors , but was very rigid againfl his friends and nephews. He put
Cardinall Carajfa to death , and divers other prime men , upon fufpition of
Treafon. He confirmed Verdinand in the Empire , abfolves Charls f^ and
his fon Philif from Pope P<J»/f criminations. Ahdifu Patriarch of the Ea-
ftern Chriftians came to him , with a refolution to imbrace the Roman Faith,
which he did,and was fent back into Affrica with rich prefents.He ordereth the
generalCounfelltofitagainatTV^;?? , and fent his Legats to invite thePro-
teffants thither-, but the Palfgrave and Saxon with fome other Teutonick
Princes, meet at NauThburg^ and return this anfwer to Verdinand C^far ; that
they would willingly yeild to a nationall or generall Counfell if it were free, 40
which they could not acknowledge this to be : And they tell the Popes Legats,.
that he had no power over Princes, nor authority to call a Synod. When
they came to Lubeck , they were rejected by the King of Denmark , becaufc
thi Pope had accounted him an Heretick; 'But Philip King of Spain, and
Vrancii z'^ o( Trance ^ perfecute the Proteflants^ under whofe fuccefTor
Cfrarls p'^ they had fome reft, and withall a new name, for they are now called
Hugomts,from oncHugo^m whofe houfe they ufed to have their meetings. In the
Counfell of Trent there is fome debate between the Pope and Spanijh Bifhops,
who would fcarce yeild that their dependance fliould be from him. The
Kings alfo of 5|>4i» and Fy<t»cf, did ftrive there for precedencie , the one pre-
ferring the Title of Catholick, the other of moft Chriftian : The matter be- 5°
ing refeited to the Pope , he gives the precedencie to Trance. There was alfo
much altercation about the refidence of Bifliops, and the peculiar care of their
flocks, which they fhould have •, but nothing in that point was determined :
155} At laft the Synod is concluded. 27 Years after it was called by Paul^^zt
C^Iantua-,
Chap . 1 6. H'tftory of the IVorld, ^^
^ianttta ; and i8 years from the firft feflion at Trent -. It fate without inter- An. Chrip
ruprion5 years •, to wit, two under Paul 3'' , one under ^uliu^f ^^ , and two (-/'^n/'XJ
under Pi w 4'''; it was fubfcnbed by 255 Fathers j moft of the Canons
Were made by the Italian and Sp4m[}) Clergy, the French came not till about
the end of the Counfell •• Few of other Nations were there prefent. A
ftrid Oath is impofed on the Clergy and Magidrates to,to adh^re,and mairi^':
tain the determinations of that Synod. For thispurpofe divers BiHiopricks
and Archbifho^ricks are eredled in the Belgian Provinces , as at MechUn, Ca-
jneray^ Utricht, I^arlem, tMiddelhrg, J»tiverp^ BrugU, and clfewhere, which
ioproirloted not, but hindred the Pontifican cauie , and raifed a rebellion againft
i'/.'/7//» •, which (hook off the 5;'.i«//7> Yoke.
About thcfe times, King Ph/lip was beat at Sea hy^Sotjman the Turk , wh6
took the Ifle Meninges on the coaft o^ Affrick, in which the Viceroy of Sicily,
the Dukcof i/6'^/>j4 had ftrongly fortified the Caftlci Vor ^ialis the Baffai
that defeated the Spanip fleet which had bcfieged Tripolii^ takes in the Caftle
being weakly manned and vid:ualled, killed and carried away 18000 Chfifti-
ans, therefore Cofmui Duke o( Florence eredts a new Order of Knights, called
Stephanits again ft the Turks^&c aflignes for their habitation the Ifle Ehfa: Up-
on the Petition of William of Orange, Egntmd and Horn. K. Philip removes
2 0 ftom the Government of Belgium^ Antony Perenot, and Atrelacim the Car-
dinall , and gives a fuller power to his fifter Margaret of Vdrma. Ferdinand
having ruled the Empire 6 years in peace , died , leaving his fon Maximiliari
tofucceed. David George his herefie is detefted at B^///, who taught he was
the promifed fon of David^ and his body is burned to alhes ^ about that time'
'Francis Xaveriui the Jefuit is lent to ^apan and other Eaftern parts , to con- '
vert the Indians.
Maximilian i^ fucceeded to his Father Verdinand^ both in the Kingdoms of
jtun^ary and Bohemia,as alfo in the Empire,when ^ohn Sigifmund o(Trafiha-
nia, relying on the protedion of Solymsn, gave himfelf out to be King of Hun-
jo^^^^jhewasby cJW^xiwi/wwfuppreffed-, by reafon So/yw^w was then before
il/4/f<nvith a fleet of 205fiil-, fo that the aid lie fentto the Tranjilvanian
came too late. The Turk upon that enterprife loft 2 2 thoufand,3/^/?<« holding
out all the while ftoatly againft him ^ under the command of ^ohn Valet
great mafter of the Rhodian Knights. The Turks after fix months fiege, be-
ing rcpulfcd, convert their totter*d &torn forccs,upon the Ifle Chios ysshich had
been under the Genuots above 2C0 years , but now by Pialis Balfai is brought :
under t he Twi-)^//^ Yoke, at which time P/t«/ 4* died, who having exhaufted
his treafures on the Counfell of Trent ^ and magnificent buildings , was necef-
fitated to exati upon his fubjeds^ and to wink at Symone. To him fucceeded
jp Michael Chijferifis, who called himfelf P/Asf 5'''. In Bf/^^<( » the feeds of a
long lafting war are caft by the Spanijh harfli feverity , a mitigation whereof
was Petitioned for by Henry Bredenrod^ and the reft of the Gentry; thefe Peti-
tioners Were called Geu(ies,x.aat is, beggers from their mean apparel which nick-
name they retained aftcrward.When they had entred into a confederacie forrr,
Libertie of confcience •, this wife courfe of the Gentry was marred by the
inconfiderate zeal of tlie Calvinidn multitude , who fetting up Pulpits every
where, of their own privat motion threw down the Images •, But William of
0r4/if^f c:lufedaformofritesanddo6lrintobe compiled for the Proteftants
to follow •, to whom he gave power to preach in publick : at which Marga-
50 ret of Parma did connive prefently. Philip aboliihing all Liberty, and taking
the Government from Parma. Ferdinand i^lvaret Duke of Alha , a fieirce
naturedman, is by him made Governor. ^F/Z/mw being affi-ighted it his
comming, departs thence to bis Teutons • Egmund znd Home are cunningly
apprehended and beheaded. A Garrifon and Caftle are forced upon the Ati-
trperpians. Orange wanting help, obtained Condes Army, who had lately ex-
E e e totted
^54 ^^^ Second!^ art of the Book. VI*
An.Chrifii torted peace to his Hugenots from Churls^ By the afliftance of ^ohn Cajimer.
''■^"V"^^ jli/a, profcrihes Orange Ss a Traitor, and puts many of the Nobility to deathj
he alfo overthrew in a battel! Lewis of N.a^lau Ormge his brother. An Army
is fuddenly raifed by this William, intending to win or loofe all. Alba an old
beaten Soldrier knowing fo great an Army could not be fuftained without
pay, avoided fightmg-, . fo that William is forced to lead his Army into France
tor pay , : which in theiiiterim mouldred away . The Bclgians\\vj\.w^ pai'd in
Taxes twcntie hundred thoufand crowns , labour to eafe themfelves of this
burthen, and to avoid the Tyrants crueltic ^ therefore divers undertook a vo-
luntary exile ; where confuking with Orange^ whovvas alfo banilhed, they firft ip
feife upon 'Striel in Holland , then they make Ulufhing , Enchufen , and other
Townes to take their part. Lewis of Na(fau by a Stratagem , takes C^lonts in
Benault. William obtains Ritremmd ^ Lovan ^ and CMechlin, whilflyi/^^t
was befleging of iVi^wf^ : ^ux. Willi am noi being able to ra ife the ficge and re-
lieve his brother , finding alfo that the French, wholly intent in perfcciiting
of the Proteftants , were about to defert and betray him, he removes prefent-
ly to HoUdjU J which with Zeland he makes his own : So Mont s is reflored to
Alba. Man while the Ulujlnngers and Bnciffers beat the Spaniard by Sea.
Harlem is beixeged 7 months ^ at laft being forced by Famin yeilds to the Spa-
niard. In the aiidft of thefe troubles. Alba is called into Spain , after his ar,- 2p
rivall intO: Belgium 6 years. Lewis Requiefenfim fucceeded him^ who (hortly
after loil Middlcburg^ the Metropolis of Zeland ; but by Avila and Mandra-
gon he defeats the Belgian Auxiliaries at Neomag^ and befiegeth Lejden^ which
being almoft liimifted, Orange relieved by opening the banks, and letting, in
the water, by which alfo provifion was brought •, after this , he honors the
Town with an Univerfity.
Eequefenfms being dead, and a Commonwealth to be guided by States, is
fetled, till the coming of ^ohn of Aujlria^ the Belgians refolve unanimoufly,
by force of Arms to drive out the Spaniard : ^^Iba's Statues are abolifhed ;
the C7/««/^o^> perceiving how iht Spaniards out of the Cittadel had plundrcdiP
r^ntwerp , caft out their Garrifon , and make themfelves free, whofe exam- '
pie the other Towns follow. Not long after died Pope Pius 5* and SigiC-
mund King of Poland ^ in whom ended the race of the J-agellons , though ine
married two iifters. C-^prrn is loft by the Chriftians, but the battel! of Le-
1572 panpo is won by them : the Proteftants are mafTacred at Paris , Poland being
forfaken by Henrj , who preferred the Crown of France , is divided about a
new clcdion. Some are for Maximilian C^far^ fome for ^ohn Bator Prince of
Tranfylvania after ^ohn Sigifmund was dead. C^jar by flaying too
long in fufpence, and doubting whether he fliould fwear or not to the Poloniart
Laws brought to him by the Legats , was prevented by Bator , who marrying ^
witli Ann the fifter of King Sigtjmund^ obtained the Kingdom. Maximilian'
fhortly after died , the 1 2* year of his Empire , a moderate and juft Prince,
he. beftowed divers priviledgeson the XXnwex^xxxQoi Helmeflad , his faying
was wont to be: \_To compell the confcience is to force heaven ^ About this
time ^ohn of Aujlria^ Charts the 5''''' Baftard, reftored Amidas to his King-
dome of Tunis , after he had been flung out by the Turks , and built a new
Fort 5 but per ceivino that there was little truft to be given to Amidas^ he
makes his brother Fiduciam King of Affrick^ but to no purpofc, for the Turk
by Sinan Basfi fuprifed Golet and the new Fort, takes 500 pieces of Ordnance,
with other rich fpoiles , kills and beats the 5/>4W4r<// out of ^jfr/V^. 40. Years
after Char Is 5* had added Tunts to his dominions. , The fame year Cofmtu 5©
to whom the Pope gave the Title of great Duke of Etruria^ died, to him fuc-
ceeded his fon Francis : The Venefians fortifie Corcyra againft the Turks,
charts Prince of Spainior: pittying the hard ufage of tlie Netherlanders , is by
his father Philips pretending Treafon, imprifoned,whae he died, ^ohn Frede-
rick
Cbsp.iy- HiiuryoftbeH orld. 4-3^
rtck the youriger, Duke of J^.vow^, for aiding fome whom C^/dr had profcri- ^«^cAi//j
bed was pvofcnbed himfelf, and impiifoned , where he ended his hfe : Ham- ^^"^^^^
burl is fined in lOo thoufand Jochims to King Frederick for (poihng the Free-
dom of Trade. Mojhch by their inteftin difcords, is fubjefted to the Mega-
nohtan Dukes •, But upon acknowledgement of their fault, isreftored to
their freedom:In Maximilian's time the Proteftant Faith is propagated through
Franci, England, Scotland, Hangar-^, Foland^ and Belgittm, in the Bifliopricks
^Mooi Magdeburg, Halber(iad^Verdava^ and Dukedom of Brunfrvick : But as
they began to increafe in wealth and cafe, they fell into divers Faftions cau-
ic fed by needlefs difputes and controvcrfies, with which the world hatli been too^
long troubled •, at which the Elcdor of Saxony was fo vexed , that he thruft
oiit of his Univerfity o( Wittebergdivcvs profeffors, and imprifoned Cafpar Pea-
ctrm his Phy fttian • with Cracoviw his Secretary. Vdent'tne Gentilis for Blaf- j 5 ^ ^
phemy againft the Son of God, is burned at Y>ern.
CHAP. xvir.
the Affairs of Pottugall, Affrick, Cctmany , thi Netherlands , Spain , Po-
20 land, Hungary, Tranfylvania , Bohemia, RuiTia, Venice ^ ^e.mder
Rodolphus z^ Emperor ^ from the year i^j6.tiUi6i2.
^odolphtK z^ fucceeded to his Vz.i\\tr Maximilidn, both'ifi
his Kingdome and Vertues. About the beginning of his
timers ebajiia/t King of P<»r/«g-4// having made an unluckic
expedition into Affrica , to rcftore C^tahdmed King of
Ol€aitrita»ia^{wmR he warreth with hbdelmelech Uncle
to the banifhed Mahunied) he loft both his life and King-
dome : In this battell three Kings fell, and the Chriftian
2C Army was defeated. Abdelmelech in the fight died fuddenly of an Apoplexie,
Ma humed wzs drowned in the bogs , and Sebajlian flain. tiameth the other
Uncle of CMdhumed enjoyed the Fruit of the viAory , with the Kingdome
oi.Feffe: Portugall k\\ to Her^ryt\\cC^x6^r\2\\, an aged man 5 and SebafHans
great Uncle, who died about a year after, on whofe Kingdom Vhilif King of
Spain , Henrys fifters fon fcifed by the Duke of hlba. •, Anthony being driven
away, whom Lerpis^ Henry's brother begot in Fornication : Lisbon proclaimed
him King , but he was forced to flie , and as he was purfued , flung money
behind him , to hinder his purfuers : He by the help of France and EnglancC^
hoped to recover his loft Kingdom , but could not ; for he was beaten botn
40 by land and fea? and with Portitgall heloftalfothe Iflands A!!^res: The
Lorvcountrey wars under ^ohn of Auftria^ and William of Najfau , was porten-
ded by a Commet : ^ohn had deluded the Gantoit with hopes of peace ^ but
they being impatient of Tyrannic and mock'ry, rejeil the Spaniards, fend for
French and Germans , and refolve to make a Commonwealth of their own ;
they invite into Belgium, Mathias brother to Ralph the z^ Emperor , and who
afterward was Emperor himfelf, to be their Governor , hoping thereby to
finde the Emperor Ralph more favourable towards them •, till he came Willi^
am difcharged his place , who took in Amjierdam, Mechlin, Deventry, and o-
ther Sconces y whilft the Aujlrian was bufie in fubduing Brabant, fhortly af-"
50 ter they fend for ^ohn Caftmir the Palatine with an Army, and then fall uporl
robbing and defacing of Churches, and invading the Clergies Revenues :
but Ihortly after peace is proclaimed between the Catholicks and Proteftants
throughout Belgium , with Liberty of Confcicnce •, but the people of He- 1 5^^
nai*lt and Arteis , upon this were offended , and therefore called thcmfel^es
Molecontcnts , for they would admit no other Religon then the Roman.
Ee » The
A26 ^^^ Second Tan of the Book.VI .
Ati.chrip The ^tf/?/*/-*/* being dead of a Fcaver , his t^cphew Alexander Famefttu,
i>'>/'Nj Duke of Parma and Placentia fucceeded in the Government , whofe begin-
ning was accompanied with an Epidcmicall difeafe in his Army , which by a
loofnefs fwept away 1 2 thoufand: He reduced Utricht to the Sfaniard^ and la-
boured what he could to foment the inteftin difcords among the Belgians in
the mean while C<ifar fends into Colen 3 Bilhops , and 2 Princes to treat with
the States Ambaffadors about a peace between the Spaniard and them , but
1582 to no purpofe ; for Orange would not hearken to any peace without the enjoy-
ment of Liberty and Religion -, Wherefore he is profcribcd by the Spaniard,
Mean while VrancU Alanfon the French King's brother is invited into Y>elgmm, i©
who gaping long for that imployment, haftneth thither, but whilft Orange and
he were together at Antwerp , a defpcrat young fellow fet on by the Sfaniard^
fhoots Or/twje with a bullet through the cheeks, fo that he hardly efcaped
with his life. Alanfon having got fupplies from England , promifed much in
defence of Belgium , but performed nothing , having more regard of his
French, then of thofe Vv'hofe defence he undertook , and fwore to •, which ap-
peared in Brabant and Flanders, where at Antwerp he received a notable de-
feat 5 by means of the /"r^wfT^ , his jugling was much more dete<5led at New-
fort , Dunkirk y and other places , which give occafion to Par/»a to recover
Newport , and divers other Towns for the Spaniard. Hereupon the Go- aa
vernment is taken from him by the States, and he returns into France with his
French Forces •, but not lon» after , Orange and the States were neccffitated
to fend for him again , who died before he nad done any thing for the Com-
monwealth •, 'tis thought he was poyfoned, becaule they found he was forry
for his former double dealing with the States.About a month after, the Prince
of Orange is murthered by a Btirgundian^Balthafar Gerard,who had been htdjy
received into Orange his fervice, he fhot him with a musket at Delpb, not with-
out the knowledg (as 'tis thought) oiParma^ the murthercr was cruelly put to
death: Shortly after this, Ytrugis^ Gamt^ ati^iXi Flanders almoftis reduced
to the Spaniard. 30
In Germany the Prpteftant Princes and Cities , ftrivc by Conferences and
Synods, to take up the controverfies among themfelves : GehhardBiihoTp of
Colen , profeffing himfelf of the Anguftan confeflion , permitted freedom of
the Gofpel to his people , and falls in love with Agnes Manspeld^ whom he
intends to marrie •, but he is upon this depofed by the Pope , and forfakcn by
moft of his DiocefTe; Erneft of Bavaria being fet up in his room : Gehkardia
maintenance of his right, and Erneji on the other fide, raifcd oppofit Forces.
They fight upondoubtfuU terms divers battels, inonc Skirmifh JErwf^lofl
aooo old Soldiers, at length Gebhard is worfled, and upon the taking of Bort-
na, totally defeated of his Biflioprick by Ernejlus. A nationall Synod of 4*
Proteflants is defired in Germany , but hindred by fadious fpirits. Steven
J . g , V>at0r the new Poloniao King makes war againft Dantfiek, for rcflifing to fwcar
Fealtie to him, till firft he confirmed their Privilcdges : after much flaughter
on both fides , at laft by a friendly tran{a<ilion, their differences were compo
fcd : The PoUnder to requite the Mufcovits wafling of Livonia^ falls with fire
1 5 84 and fword upon his Territories, and takes from him many Towns-, fo that the
Mftfcevit is forced to renounce all he had taken in Livonia : The Swedes alfo
take divers places in Livonia from the Mufc&vit^ which Batorite defired might
be reflored to the Polander^ but could not prevail •, about this time an Epide-
micall infection run through all Eurep , accompanied with a coldc , and a j*
cough, called the weathers maladie , bccaufe fheep are moft troubled with it :
Few died of this difeafe. A little before this , the Mufcovits having had
Ibme contcflations with the Smde'vn Livonia^ whofe O tficcrs he put to death,
for caufing fome Towns fwcar Fealtie to Magnm , not to the Ruffian , (Jieti
the fame year that the Jefuits were obtruded upon Livofii^. Then it was
tha«
Chap . 1 7 . Hiflory of the IVorld. zj.^ y
that George Frederick^ Duke of 'Bmtsjia having paid a fiirn of money to the Jin. Chrifii
Dane, polfefTcd himfclf of the Dioccfs of Cunett as a Polonim fee.Thc next *-/'^Ou
year §ohn Baftlides the Rusfun Tyrant , having knockt his fon on the head
with his Cudgell, of which wound he died, and after 25 years war with Li-
vonia^ hediedalfo, exhorting his fon 7lkodor to live peaceably with his
neighbours. /
The fame year thePr^ecopit Tartars ^ohhcTurks confedrates becom theirflaves.
Pope Gregory the 17''' about this time reformed the Calendar , by thrufting 10
days out of the month of o£tober : Amurath the Turk^ began to fufpeft fomc
10 plot upon compliance between the Pope and B)i:(^«?/;; Patriarch , therefore
baniflieth the Patriarch , and takes away from the Chriftians two of their
Temples in Ow/4^?;w/»/f J for approving this reformation ol i\\c Calendar -,
which caufcd fome troubles at kuffurg in Germany , and Riga in Livonia -, di-
vers Proteftants, rather out of pride, then Judgement rejefted it : This .,^:
Gregory ereded divers Colled ges of Jefuics ^ whofe learning and holynefs be-
gan to be held in admiration : In Rome is inftituted a CoUedg or Seminary of
all Nations , to propagate the Roman Faith. 3. Ambafladors of ^apon fent
by the Jcfuits, arrive at Rome^ after 3 years travel, offering their fervicc to the
Pope who having royally entertained them,dicd within the fpace of two hours
20 of a Squinzee -, who all his tiiiie could not fupprefs the infolencies and robbe-
ries committed daily by 'his Soldiers , ahd thofe th^t had been profcri-
bed •, But 'batorius King of Poland^ by putting to death fome of his Nobi-
lity, curbed the infolencies of the great men in his Kingdome. So Frederick
a'* of Denmark brought the Rofiokers to fiibmit to Ulricus the Megapolitan.
The Farnefian Family of the Dukes of Parma , grew fanlous by the hippie 15^5
Xuccefs oi Alexander Governor of Bf/f /«iw, who after he had befieged Anmerp
one whole year , at laft upon compofition, took it •, 4 years were granted to
the Proteftants , to fettle there, or to depart , whereof many went and fctled j 5 36
in Hamhnrg. Mechlin and divers Other Towns fubmit to the Spaniatd : A
50 great ftorm hung over Riga , for rc(5fting Kins Stevens cdids of Poland^
who threatened it with fire and fword for opponng the iJcwjw Religion, and
putting to death fome of his Legats .• About this time fliowrcs of Lvcafts fell ^ 5 87
m Thracid •, of geefe and ducks in Croatia. , on which many people did feed,
iJHaximilian of Aitftria, Cajaf's brothelr, who by his Father was named
Kingof Po/W, marchcthto Cracovra mih^n Army*, but he was defeated
and driven back towards Silefia , where he was befieged and taken , and for-
ced to redeem his frcedofn With the lof& of his Kingdorti 5 which Sigifmund
obtains in die right of his Mother , being defcended ftom the Kings of
Poland.
tp Thcyearenftiiftg was fatal! to many Princes. Maxiniilia^ v^ziihtn^ owx. 1588
of Poland by Sigifnmnd, Frederick the fecond of Denntdrk died, Maurice
ion to WiUiam Cmurthered at Delphy and gi'and-chfld' by tht mother to Mau-
rice q{ Saxony is by the united StaitesG^ ^o/^4»^, n^ade their Govei-ifiop. The
.Sfanijh Armado confifting of 125 great ihips, aoooo Soldiers, loooo marri-
ners 2C00 Ordnance is defeated : Henry 3** King of France is flfMirthered by
^ames Clements , a Pominicm •, the Polander is moktVed by the iMitfcovit^
who took fome Forts fi:om him •, and by the T^r^-irw^-, who whti fire and
fword invaded his borders ; fo that he was fain to bity his peace of the Tii^' j jga
tar with a great (iinime of Money. GregoYf the 1 3* bdilg dead j FMix Mm"
JO r^i/r isjnade Pope, and cals himfclf .Si/Jst«f the %'^. a nicanmaWcrf^ Pareirttage;
but a rich Pope •, for he left 5 Millions behinde him , and yet in his Life-titilfe
very profiife upon ObeUsks,-High-wayes Churches, Pallaces, Aqil^dui^s; upf-
on Hofpitals aifo, and the r4r/f4»iBibliotkc •, He fpeht 38 thoufand' (!^rovsrii^
in removing one Obelisk alone. He incurred the King of 5^rf>Wf dilpleafuric
by denying to aide the Parisians wherii ^ty Vvcrc befiegcd^by "i^^fttrtrfi
Army
>^8 rhe Second 'Part of the Book VI.
JfhChriftTkvmy ■-, whereupon he dyed with grief. ^^ohnBaptifia CaJianxttsCuccccdcd,
s.y^'-^ called Urban 7"' his inauguration was accompanied with an Earthquake
through Auftria^ Moravia , and Bohemia, and a great ficcitie with heat, by
which fome rivers were dried up -, he died within 14 days of a burning fea-
j Q ver: TowhomfucceededM/Vk/rf^. Sforidrat czWcd Gregory i^'^ : he was
born the j^ month , and therefore had a weak fickly body , he died the id^
month of his Pontificat, in his time the plague and famin fo raged m Italy ,
that in one year at i{<»wf there died fixty thoufand people: He fpcnt upon the
French War 5COCOO crowns out of the publick treafure , befides 400CO out
of his privat Coffers. Crave Maurice mean while feifeth upon Jireda his na- ^^
tive towne in 'Braha^t^hy a turf boat , within which lay hid many armed men.
And fliortly after he takes divers other Towns. To Gregory 14* fucceeded
^ofm Antonim or Piemont , who aflumed the name of Gregory 9'^ he was of
1501 the Si>a»ijh Fa<5lion againft France, and lived but two months in the Pontifi-
cate. To him fucceeded Hipfolytus hldabrandinus or Clement 8 '' : Grave
Maurice attempteth to take the Sluice and Utricht^ but could not •, yet he takes
Steinvick^ and Covord, and divers other places upon the death of Parma. To
^5^^^ whom fucceeded Feter Frncft of Mansfield , whofeni his fon Charls into
France 5 to aflift the Spanifh fadion there.
About this time Sigifmund Bator the Tranfylvanian denies to pay the pro- 2Q
mifed tribute to the Turk^ and fo by the Jefuits perfwafion mcurs tiie difplca-
fure of a potent enemy, to the grief of his friends-, fome of which he kills fot
diflwading him. The Defpots of Walachia and Moldavia revolt to him : The
Waldchians fight the Turks and beat them, Strigon and Vicegrad are taken by
; the Ghriftians : Lipfa alfo fubmits to the Tranfylvanian^ and in a battell Sina»
loofeth 10000 of his men. Bator being now allied to the Emperor , is ai-
ded by him to take Tfr^^v//?/**, the feat of the Princes o( Walachia. After
many defeats given to Sman, he chafeth him beyond the river Agrius , where
hedicdwithagc and grief. Albert Atch Duke of Aw/r/4 , c:<e/4« brother,
of a Cardinall becomes husband to ifabelU Clara Bugenia, Philips daughter, 3^*
and enters Belgium in great ftate. Upon the death of Erneftm he beheeeth
\ - ' Caflis^ and takes it : A league is made between England^ France and Holland^
againft Sp»«, and confirmed by a viiftory obtained by the Engltjh md Hol-
land Fleet, againft the Spaniard at Cadi:(j The Hollanders fend a fleet to Ben-
tam^ a Town in ^ava the lefs : And another 10 finde out the North-eaft paf-
fage ^ to no purpofe , except to their own hurt, having loft the moft of theif
men with cold. In the mean x\me Albert nkcs Hulji from the confederates,
and they beat his Forces at Torvahut , having taken 38 Colours of foot, and
two of horfe with their baggage and money : About this time died Philip
Y'A ■ the z'^ of Spain , as they write of the lowne difeafe : To whom fucceeded ^c*
Philip ^^i whomarfied3/4rj-4ref daughter to C^^r/j the Arch Duke-, and
then alfo died Theodor Prince of Ruffia in whom ended the Bafilidan race.
Boris Federovit^tti the Queen of Euffia's brother 5 dealt fo with the people,'
that they preferred him to the Nobility in competition for that Scepter,which
by their fovour he obtained, and after this confirmed it by his fuccesfuU cx-
peditiorjugainft the Tartars • but afterward his government proved Tyranni-
call: Palfiai and Barnejleiit 5 Imperiall Commanders defeat the Tartars in
y, Pammai and befiege ^avarin, but upon the coming of the Turks, the fiege is
^ ^^ raifed. The Popes Forces which were levied againft the Turks in Panonia^wcrc
imployed againft Cafar Atefiinus barftard , fon to Alphonfus of F err aria, who
by the fword fought to obtain the antient Titles of that Dutchie , though he ^°
was Anatheniatized by the Pope , yet he fights the Romans and beats them :
but at laft finding his friends fall off. from him , herefignes Terraria to the
Pope i fo the war is continued againft the Turky and ^averin taken by Stvart-
^^Aw^/-^, with the lofs of 1600. Twit/.
Sigifmund
.(Chap. 1 7- Htflory of the fVorld, zj.^^
SigifmimdBntoriuf for fear of the Turks^ delivers up Ditcia or TranfjlvaniA An. Chrifti
t£>,C<«/^'' , afterward his minde changed, upon the perfwafion of t^ndrciv Ba- ^-''"'Vs^
ter Cardinal!, his kinfman, on whom he confers this Principality , and the ra-
ther, becaufe the promifed penfion was not paid him. Hence aro(c wars be-
tween him, and Maximtlian^ Ce/^r's brother , which incouraged the Turks,
who with 60000 men beleaguer Vnradin^ but arc beat off again -, and fo is An-
. thrtw Bator driven out of Tra/tfyhama by the i^uHrians , \^'ho took f^lha
^tilia, or Wafisnghurg , with divers other Towns. Framis Mcndo^ihc Spa- i6co
nifh Generall wndtt Albert^ takes divers Towns upon the Rhen , which exal'pc-
I c rated the Germans , and caufed C<xfar to fend expoftulatorry Letters to Men-
di>^a: On'the other fide. Grave A/^wr/V^ takes divers places fromthe Sptni-
a^d'. About this time a Monfter was feen at Pans like a Satyre, with a horn on
his head. Some maids , botli in France and Germany^ falted 3 years or more.
A ftrange difeafe callfd Pliea, or Cirragra, invaded Poland and Hungary. Fer-
dinand Arch Duke, fon of Charls that was Ralphs Qncle , at this time was
Governor of Styria : He goeth to Rome^ being the year of ^^'ubilcc, and fwears
tftthe Pope, JCQ extirpate the Proteftants within his jurifdiv^rion •, which upon
the Jefuits ini^igation, he did accordingly , by pillaging and baniftiing. all of
tb?A/(^»//>confeflion throughout S/'^r/y*,C'.tn»?^//j and Carmola, tliough
^0 they h'l*-^ paid for their freedome of confcience a great fum of money .• Cam-
fi^m^ chieC.Foit of Styria IS befieged by the Catholicks , ■ whowcreforced
by feafon of t:be cold froft, ("which in one night killed one thoufand horfemen)
to taife their fiege, to leave their Artilery and baggage bchinde them.
_ In Belgium hl^ert the Arch I>uke having brought his wife jfabei to Bruxels.^
is/bllicited by the Confederates to fend away all the Spaniards ovlX. of the
KetherLvnds , if joe would have peace fctled there. Totiii-s he would not af- idoi
lent, as being neither fafe £or him nor honorable y he pui^ofeth to befiege
Qfiend. Maurice ftrives 10 prevent him : , At Neipport a 'battel is fought, in
ihe beginning, of which, Albert had the better -, till the Confederates by their
danger grew defperatc ^ for being almoft inclofed by the Sea ', they fell fo
30 fujjionfly on their enemies, that the vanqiuflied put the vanquifliers to flight,
haying icilled above 4000, with the lofs of :20co of their own ; one hundred
Go4ours were taken from the enemy. laTraufylvama Michael yaUchut
€4fars Generall ^ , in a long and doubtfull battel^ defeats Bators Poifces, and
fubduesalfoagreatpartof Moldavia : He was mucbenvied by George Bafior,
who accufcd.him to Cafar as one tliat was ambidexter , ^and who aimed at
^he principality.-of Tranfylvania nimfelf : upon this , the chief command
over the army is committed to Bajia^ whom Valachus fcorns to be under,
therefore he goeth to the Emperor to clear himfelf , in the interim Sigifmmd
is again received by his people , and acknowledged for Duke of Tranfylva-
^0 »<<* •, hereupon Valachus is fent back with more Forces , who falls on the B.t-
torians^s they were carelefly marching down a hill, and with his great Ord- *
nance fo galled them , that they were forced to run • ten thoufand of them
at leaft were killed , and fo being incouraged by this Vi<5i:ory , thrufts 'S>afia
out of his command, by whom not long after he was murthered .• and Ba- _,
f w^iow fwears allegeance to C£.{ar. Batorius is driven into the Town 'Bijiricia^ i "^ ^
where he is taken -, and contenting himfelf widh a yearly allowance for his
maintenance, lives obfcurely among the 'Bohemian Barrons. fhortly after
one Moyfes Generall of the Ciculi^ who had been driven to the hills, takes up-
. on him now to be the deliverer of Tranfylvania •, therefore having gathered
^® together a confiderable army, feifeth upon Weffenburg , or Alba ^ulia. But
at laft in a Battel he is killed , and his army having loft 1 28 Colours , quite
defeated.' Mean while A/4r^ rageth at o/^W.fon almoft 40 months together;
all which time the befieged behaved themfelves gallantly,by often fallies , and
bringing in Provifion through the mid'ft of their enemies, by digging: a new
harbour
AAQ l^he Second Tart of the book. VI .
AH.Chrijii harbour , when the old was obftruftcd , by building a new town , whilft the
L^Arvj old is aflaulted •, by their many conflicts they had, not only with the enemy,
but alfo with famin and ficknefs,during whicn fiege, one huudred and 44 thou-
fand men loft their lives ^ atlaftitwas taken by theartandinduftry of Am-
brefe SjiinoU : For which one Town, Maurice took Grave the sluice , and di-
^ ^^ vers other places. Aiicr this xhe Ho/landers , and the other confederate pro-
vinces impofc an Excife upon their vi6luals,to have ready pay ftill for the Sol-
diers : The Indian Navigation is advanced , and the adventurers united in
a Corporation : They beat the Porttigalls out of Bantam , they fail about the
world, and return rich with Spamjh money. 10
About this time almoft all Livonia is made {ubje6l to Charts Stukrman, ex-
cept a few Towns on the borders of Mitfcovia , which acknowledged ftill the
Tolonian Scepter. Such devaftation was every where in the fields , that thirty
thoufand people died with cold and famin, which perfwaded fome of them to
eat their on children. Charts at laft returns to Srvede^md accepts of that Scep-
g ter he had before refufed. King Henry ^'^ o( France makes a Law againll
Duels. The S^'vo^f/? attempted in the night time to furprife Gf^^e-y^ , two
hundred Soldiers had already fcal'd the walls , and killed the watch ^ but a
boy with a Lanthorn raifed the Town, who armed themfelves , and apprehend
ded the Confpirators, whom they put to death. Pope Clement difpenccth 2%
with Sigifmmd of Poland^ for marying two fifters of the Aujirian Family,
and pcrfwades King Henry of France to call home a^ain the bani(hed Jefuites.
Chrtfiian 4'^ of Denmark^ vifits in his own perfon tne remoteft parts of Nor*
rvay^ giving Order for fetling of Minifters in thofe ignorant and remote cor-
ners. Hamburg , the moft flourifliing City of the Saxons , doeth homage to
him, as Duke of Helfatia , with great folemnity :ind magnificence : He er-
redeth a new Town from the foundation , which by^ his name he calls Chri'
fiianofolis , upon the borders of Smdland. To which he added upon the
fame borders afterward , two ftronger Fortifications •, to wit , Tychopotts and
Chrifiiana : In Belgium there is great joy for the birth of Philip the 4*, heir 30
to the Kingdoms o( Spain: Friejland is now made the feat of the war : Com-
mand is given to Count BucqHot, to raife Forces about tlie Rbene , which be-
ing parted over by Spinola , divers Towns are taken for the Spaniard : Mau-
rice attempts Antwerp^ and Spinola Berg u^on Som, but in vain: B«f^««alfo
takes fome places. Peace again is propofed by the Auftrians, but rejeiled by
the Hollanders^ as not daring to truft the Spaniard. The antient City of A/V,
as alfo Marpurg of Heffta , were much /haken and wcakned upon the change of
Religion, and admittance of Calvinifme. Brmftvig was atfirftlike to be
betrayed, but the Plot was difcovered and prevented : Then Hemic f*s ^tdius^
the neighbouring Prince,thought to have furprifed it by hiding of armed men 4a
in Waggons within the works , but the Townfmen defeated and flew them :
at laft this broke out into an open war. The Duke befiegeth Brmftvig^ dams
up the river that it had almoft drowned the Town , till a ftrong winde broke
dovN^n the banks, and gave way for the water to return into its old channel :
At laft by C-tpr J command, a truce is made, and the differences referred to
Arbitration: In Rome Vo^c Clement 8''' being dead, ^reat conteftationa-
rifeth about the eleftion of a new Pope -, The French fadion ftood for Cxfar
'Baroniui the great Annalift ; but the Spaniard oppofed him, becaufe he had no
good opinion of his claim, and Title to Scicily : Some were for Bellarmin rfie
great Catholick Champion , but he was withftood by the Mont alt an Fa<aion : 50
Ai\tn^xh Alexander 3/e^/c« being 70 years old, ischofen-, who calls him-
felf ieo, but he died the 2 5 day after j vvhofe fucceffbr was Crfw;iifef Bnrge-
fifffi afterward called Paul 5 '^\
In Ruff a great commotions were raifed by one Demetrim , who gave out
he was tne fon of Johannes Bajitides , who was thought to have been mnr-
thcred
Htjlory of the IVorld, ^4.1
thercd by V^oris Fedrovitzuts lon^ agoe .• He appearing on the Scene , ^zVtAn. Chrijii
out that he was hid in Monafterics, and educated by the Jefuits that he ^-'"V"'^^
might be the more inablcd for Government : The King of Poland beUeved
this hid been the true heir, therefore ailifts him with an Army , and beftowcs
his daughter on him. Shortly after he marcheth with his Forces into Ruffia,
gets the Cojpcks to llde with him. Many Towns and Caftles fall off to him,
in hatred of Fedrovit^M his Tyranny .• In his firft Incounter with Boris he
was worfted, but in the fecond he go: the Viift jry, and withall the life of ?jo-
ris, who was {lain and his children poyfoaed. Dcmetritts with the great ac-
*c clamations of the people, enters tjiiofqua^ where he is Crowned ^ tlien he
makes a league with the Polatfder , whofe daughter he brings in great ftate
from Poland and married her ; But the Raffim Nobility ftorming at the Po-
lonian infolencics and pride, confpire againft them , and the rather , becauie
they are perfwaded that this Demetrius is a counterfeit : The people alfo fi-
ding with the Peers, fall to murthering of the pW<>»/4;«j, whereof 1200 were
mauacred , befides 400 Ruffians difguifed in Polonian habits. Demetrius is
wounded in many places of his body, and difgraccfuUy ufed -, his Bride ftript
of all her wealth and ornaments, and fent back to Poland in a poor habit. Ba-
ft lius ^ohanides^ the chief man of the Confpirators , is by the confent of all
2c the Peers, proclaimed Prince. And Demetrius his carcafs drawn naked
up and down by a rope tied to his privities.
At Venice fome antient Zaws were renewed 5 among the reft, that none
fliould ere(5t Churches or Monafteries , nor beftow lands or houfcs on
the Clergy , without the Senats approbation •, they had alfo imprifoncd fomc
fcandal5us Pricfts. The Jefuits acquaint Claudius Aquavia theGenerall of
their Order, with thefe proceedings. Po^t Clement 8 ''being a moderate
man, winks at the bufinefs •, But PauI 5* of a more violent fpirit, Commands
the Venetians to abrogate thofe Laws,which they refufing to do, were excom-
municated , and their whole Territories put under an interdi(5l .• Yet moft of
the Cler^ took no notice of the Pope's anger, but olficiatcd as before . The
5° Jefuits offended at this , remove thence to other places , and write bitterly ,
(chiefly Be/larmin and haronius) againft the Venetians, whofe caufe is maintai-
ned by Francis Paulis Servita. , and Johannes Marfilius : At laft they fell
from words to blowes , Armies are raifed on both fides, the Spaniards aflift
the Pope, and the Hollanders the Venetian •, at length the controverfie is taken
up by tne French King : Hhz'Venetians arc injoyned to fet free the prifoners,
and not to ftretch the execution of their Lawes , further then their Anceftors
intent and meaning-. So the Pope's curfc was revoked , and the Jefuits ba-
niflied out of the Venetian Territories.
In Poland^ ^ohn Samoifcius had thrown the Jefuits out of his Colledge 5
40 after whofe death they grew very great with the King,ftopping his cars againft
the Proteftants complaints, whofe Church at Pofomium they burned^upon this,
the Nobility calls a Parliament, and ftiortly after thefe Parliamentier s,or Ra- n
chofians ( for fo they were called) take up arms againft the Kin^ •, one thou-
fand of whofe men they killed , and put the reft to flight , and nad not moft
of the Parliaments Army fallen off to the King , they had been abfolutely
vi(5torious. Then arms being laid down on both fides, the differences arc
referred to a free Parliament -, meanwhile the people tumultuoufly thruft the j^q„
Jefuits out of their Monaftery of S' Y>riget at Gedanum ^ and at Thorun they
50 take the great Church from them , and the Nobihty urgeth their banifhment :
Words are alfo caft abroad about election of a new King-, but whilft the
Parliamentieres ( called in their language Rachofians) were too feciire and con-
fident -, the Kings party falls fuddenly upon them , kills many , diiheartens
the reft, and diffolves the Parliament : Thefe troubles of Poland wefe for the
Swedes advantage, who in the interim ftrengthneth himfelf againft Sigifmund,
F f f whofe
The 'Second Tart of the Book. VI .
An. Christ whofe eftcem was daily lellened in SrvedUnd .- Tbefe troubles o i' F eland mo-
^' \^^ ved Mitthias the Arch Duke , to fettle with all fpced the commotions of //««-
aariit) by aligning over Tr,infylvamA to Betfcadtts , and giving Liberty of
Confcience : The Profultan upon the defection of Akfo^ Datnufcits , and
triPoUs, wa s willing to make peace with the Chriftians , therefore it is refol-
vcd there Ihould be peace for 20 years, during which time^yic/;wf^ Sultan
fhould call Cafar Father ^ and he Achmet his fon : That likewife both Cxfan
fliould every third year entertain friendship , by fainting each other with prc-
fents: 5o/f/ir4^/^ the chief promoter of this tranfodion , lliortly after died.
Ragotfciu^s is eleded , whole help the Rachokans of Poland required , but he ^'^
rcfufed , holding it unlawfuU for them to rife againft their Prince : And to
flievv how little he regarded dominion , he laid down again his Principalitic,
and trafmitted it to Gabriel Bator im ^ at which time the Perfian Ambaflador
at Prague, highly commending the power of his Mafler, and fliewing how re-
folved he was to overthrow the Oitoman Family, made Rudolph flow in entring
into league with the Turk. Mean while Mathitts grew gracious with die Hm^
garians^ and makesway with the Kobility for his ele(5tion.
This fame year was feen a Commet over Germany^ portending enfiiing trou-
bles there •, for at Donaverd, a Town in Suevia upon the Danorv , the Towns
people contumelioufly abufed the Abbot , as he was carrying the Banner and 20
Crofs in procefTion : For which caufe they are profcribed by Cafar^ and fub-
dued by MaximiliaH of Bavaria , though they had proferred fatis faction to
the Abbot. This occafioned fome differences among the Princes of the
Empire 5 the Proteftants defiling the Town to be reflored again to its
liberty, which the Catholicks would not hearken to. Mean while, in lielgmm
the War continues, and divers Towhs are taken and re-taken ; A military fedi-
tion is raifed in ^/^f^-Z^j Armyj which could not bee appeafed, till Diejf a was
pawned to them for their pay, which they received fliortly after. Divers of
the Mutineers were barii (lied, and fome that flay'd behinde executed. The
Ho/landers prepare a Vkctior the Weji- Tndies ^ which made the Spaniard and 3^
1 608 Archduke propofe a peace , to which the united States were inclined, if they
could have been fecured of their Liberty ; but that they may not be furprifed
with expedatiou of peace, a fleet is fent to Cal:{^ under Hemskirk , which infe-
fted the S/'<i»//^ Coafl , andfpoiled the Kings Navie, 2000 Spaniards wcvc
killed , and fo was Hemskirk himfelf •, a truce then is rcfolvcd upon , and the
united Provinces declared to be free from all claim or title , either of the King
or Archduke •, but withall its required that the Wejl-Indies fhall not be med-
led with by the //(jZ/rfW^^*" , otZelander : This difceptation held out fome
. months, at laft ^ohn Nairn a Francifcan^ is fent to King Philip , but he flaid fo
^ * long , that the French and Dantjh. Agents went away •, and fo the peace came ^^
to nothing •, yet at lafl a truce of 1 2 years was concluded , by the mediation
of the French , Englijh , and other Princes AmbafTadors , in which libertic
of commerce was left to the pleafure of the Spaniard in his dominions with-
out Europe r, Yet he was not to debar the Hollanders that were imployed by
Forraign Princes , in their commerce to the Indies. In Germany , Oiiathias
C<e/)jrV brother comes with an Army into Bohemia ^ todifappoint (as it was
given out ) the Spanijh intent , who had refolved to fettle Ferdinand the Arch-
duke in Hungary^ and the other Principalities of Auftria^ becaufe he was more
addided to the .Pope then the reft. The Bohemians promife to maintain C<<-
far's Title with their arms , if he would after the example of Maximilian^
permit them to injoy their confcience , this their Petition was deferred,there- 5*
fore Mathias was to receive Hungary and kuftria , who prefently forbids the
cxercife of the Protcftant Religion : The Bohemians take arms with in-
tent to defend themfelves, but withall, they humbly petition that they might
have the fame liberty in Religion which Hungary and Aitftria injoycd : To this
•the
Chap.iy. HiftoryofthelVorU. 4.4.3
the Prince aflfented^ and the Emperor by his Letters Pattcnts confirmed ; who An. Chrijii
alfo committed to them the ordering of the Univerlitie of Prague. The not ^-^''^/'Sj
obfcrving of this Grant, was the occalion of future warrs.
Shortly after followed the troubles of J^tdiers^ foY^ohamcs Guliclmm dy-
ing childlcfs, The Elector of Bmndebtirg^ the Palatine of Nervburg, and divers
otiiers laid claim to it in right of their marriages with the fifters of J-ohn dc-
fun»5t •, but the Emperor pretending that it was in his power to decide the con-
troverfie, fends I-^^/'fl/^^ of ^«/?m, to rule jC«/^m in his right , and in the
name of the Empire. Leopold's part is maintained by the Catholick Princes,
\o\>wX.Y)rAndibwg^ and iV«p»«rg-, by the Proteftants : Hence were divers mee-
tings of Catholicks and Proteftants, a part-, at HnU'vn. Smvia, the Pro te-
ftants meet,at Herliplis the Catholicks .• hence confederacies with forraign
Princes to the ruine of Germani. Brandeburg and the Palatine raife Forces,
and take in moft Towns of that Dutchie, except fullers ^ the City which Leo- ^
foldhdAt, but this alio was taken by Grrfx-f J\/.t»r/Ve, after two months fiege^
at length both iides lay down arms, who choofe certain Judges at Colen
to decide the controverfie , but to no purpofe.
About this time Gambdot x.\\cSAtra^ii oi Jlepo being defeated by the
7'tirkSy and deferted by his friends, obtains pardon from Achmet , upon pro-
i o mife that he would turn his Forces againft the Perfian ; who notwithftanding
continues his expeditions , and defires the Pope's aid , by promifing him
power over all the Chriftians within his Dominions .• He foUicites C^jars af-
liftance by fhewing what advantage it will be for him to joyn with fo potent a
friend as the P^r/?4» , againft the T»r^ •• For this caufe the Pope injoynes the
Heligious houfes to maintain fome profeflers of the Hebrew and hrabick
tongueSjthat he may imploy them among the Eaftern Chriftians. The PoUnder
having compofed his differences with the Rackofians^ prepares to be revenged,
both on the Ruffian and Sxvede.^ for the wrongs received from them ^ and with
. profperous (uccefs he defeats the Srveds in Livoma^zxiA the Ruffians in Litttania.
30 He befiegeth alfo Smolenfcum, the Metropolis of Lituania^ and after two years
fiege , takes it , where 200 thoufand UMufcovits loft their lives. Novograd
fubmits to Sigtfmmd , and fo doth the Cham of Tartar. Filna is burned by
the (JMufcovits.
In Holland Ar minim being called from his Minifteriall charge in kmfierdxm^
to be Divinity profeftbr in Le-jden , conferred with lunim by Letters , about
the point of Predeftination , and fome other Articles , he was oppofedby
Gomarm the other Divinity profefTor , who with lunius ftood ftifly to Cdvins
doilrine : Divers difputes and conferences were held about thefe points, fothat
Schollars, Magiftrates, and inferior people fell out into fadions, hrmnius'i
40 Difciples were called Remonfirantes-^ Calvin s Contraremonflr antes. This con-
troverfie was like to have ruined thefe Provinces, fo violent was the conteftati-
on between them. krminitis mean while died , the 9"^ year of this laft
jcentury. About whofe fucceflbr Vorfiius , there was no fmall trouble , fome
ftifly maintaining him , others accufing him as a Schifmatick and Heretick in
his opinions of the divine attributes, but at length King lamts got him to be
removed from Lejden •, threatning to renounce all friendfhip and league with
them , if he were not depofed ^ So he was fent to Gauda , and Arminianifme
by degrees fupprefted. Thisycar i5i2 , died Cxfar Redolphus ^ in whofe ^^^^
life-time Mathias his brother cunningly obtained Aujlria , and Hungary , to
50 whichheaddedBo^fwMa few months before his death ^ for Leopold's Soldi-
diers who were raifed for defence of luliers, confifting of pooo foot, and4coo
horfc, mva.dc hohemi a ^ Bwfj/w/f is taken by Stratagem , and the lefter Pm^wi*
by ftorm. Mathiits comming to aid the Bohemians , obtains that Kingdomc
from C^far , upon promife of payment of a yearly penfion. Leopold's army
fearing the power of Mathias, having received their pay, remove from thence.
F f f 2 Rodolphu.f
44-4-
The Second Tart of the
Book.VI.
An.Chrifii Rodolphtts died as the Civill wars of GermatJy were beginning to break out,
^-"^'^^ -^ having reigned 3 5 years , he left behinde him a rich treafure , he was a good
Frince , but too much addided to women, yet without Leg itimate children :
His 3 brothers Mxth'uts^ lAaximiliw, and Albert^ were alfo childlefs ^ There-
fore his coufin Germm was his heir : So the eftate of Maximilian is devol-
ved upon the children of his brother Charls , who by Mary of Bavaria had 5
1 61 2 fons, and i o daughters, the eldeil: fon Ferdinand^ afcer Matthiai, obtained the
Imperiall Crown. In Tranjjlvania Bator/us loft the greateft part of Fala-
chia-^ but he overthrew Thergafcins ^who ftrove to make King Matthias Mafter
of Tranfjlvania ^ but he was defeated by Batoritis ^ and driven into the ic
woods , there he lived in great mifery , till he went to Poland , where he ex-
peifted preferment, Sutfcius being fent thence with an army againft Mufcovia,
which was overthrown by the Rujfuns , and withall the Polander loft Smolen-
fciim : Batoritts in hatred to the lurks , applies himfelf to the hnfirians , fo
that G^^or by the S«//^j»j aiTiftance , makes way to invade that Principalitie.
A conference between the ivozw4» Catholicks and Protcftants was held at if^-
tisbon^ but to no purpofe , for the one would have the Church , the other the
Scripture, to be judge •, the one would have traditions with Scripture , the o-
thcr Scripture alone , to be the rule of controverfics. About this time , the
brothers of the Rofie Crofs , bragging much of their perfe(5Hon and know- 20
ledge appeared awhile , and then vaniflied. In Affrica^ Fejfe and Maroco be-
ing worne out with mutuall wars , are both fubdued by Mule Sidan King of
Fejfe , who had been driven out of his Kingdome by his brothers. This
mans Uncle Scheqitus,\v\ recompence of the money and aid he had from Sfain^
delivers over to the King of Spain , the ftrong Fort i^larachia on the ^ffri-
can ftiore , near Hercules his Pillars. Philip drives out of Spain the Moores,
who had been ancient Inhabitants , upon pretence that they had invited the
K^jfricans, and Turks into Spain. Thefe being ftript of all except a little Vi-
aticum, arefhipped atfundry times ( for there were 900 thou(and of them)
and expofed on the Affrican ihore to hunger, cold, and the fvi/ord. %o
l6l2
1613
CHAP. XVIII.
r/;tf *ij(f4/rj<»/ Germany, Denmark, Swed land, Holland, Ruflia, Italy, Hun-
gary, Bohemia, Tranfylvania, Poland, Grifons , France, Switzers , c^r.
««fler Matthias 4W Ferdinand I'^yEmperorsr, from the jeare 1612. tiUi6i6,
^Atthias fucceeded to his brother Rodolphus in the Empire ••
He calls a Diet at Ratisbon^ at v\ hicn were prefent dl the ^
Proteftant Princes, except the Elector of Saxony , who
had loft the pofTeflion of ^uliers: And Lodowick of Haf-
fid , who by his coufin German , Maurice was ftript of
the Government of Marpurg •, therefore Were both dif-
contcnted. Here the proteftants complain, [that in Spire,
Vienna , and other places of Judicature , the Judges
were all , or moft of them Catholicks , and that therefore the proteftants
Were fubje^ to all inconveniences , having no other Judges but their enemies.
They dcfire then, there might be the fame number of proteftants as of Catho-
lick Judges and votes ^ but in this point nothing was concluded 5 the prote-
ftants depart in anger , and nothing done but onely a decree to raife arms in 5®
defence of Tranfylvania againft the Turk • for complaint was made to Ach~
mat Sultan, againft Bator ins, for fiding with Cxfar , and indeavouring to deli-
ver the poflTefTion of Dacia to him. Upon this the Turk ftrivcs to make
Btthleem Gabor Fiduciarie Prince of Tranfylvania under him. Batorius having
weakned
\— — — — ' — i—
Chap. i8. Htflory of the pyo> Id, ^^^
weakned himfdf byhis crucJty upon the ^^atow in Dacia ^ putting lodtithAn.Chrifii
promifcuoufly every one chac was but fijfpected of treachery , was for want "^■'""V*^
of flrcngth defeated by Gabor, alTifted with the Turks Forces, and at laft was
killed :\t Faradiwiffij by the treachery of his fervants. G4^<?r fatisficth the
Turk by giving him Lippa witli fome other Forts, and pacified Cefar by fwear-
ing fcaky to hun. Achmei had a great mind to pick a quarrel with the Pano-.
nians , but was hind red by the Arabian (edition •, in which the Sultan loft A.
<i?»»;»: the Governouralfoof D.t/w/tyf«f was overthrown in a great battcl,by
the Ton of Bmeris Sn-da, who derived his pedigree from Godfred of Bullion.
•C'' Mlcr Chrifiidno^ Ba^mark^ hdidl^kcn Caiman a and Elsburg^ the Swedes
two chief Forts, u^on the Baltic zndthe HefpcrjanCca, a great mortality by
the plague cnfaed^ which occafioned a peace •■, wherein was articled that the
Srvede lliould relinquifh his title of Lapponia^ and fliould pay 1 2 Tuns of gold
to the Dane^ for his expcnces on the laft war ^ till the payment of which fum.
Elsburg Ihould be left in pawn.
The Hollanders at Conjlantinople , make a League with the Turk for com-
merce. At Aix and Colen,a fedition is raifed againft the Catholicks-, at Franc- i<5fi4
forty and Wormes againft the ^ews. ht Aix the Proteftants had been along
time debarred the exercife of their religion, and puniflicd for the fame, which
20 the Townfmen thought was a great oppreffion , therefore in a popular tumult
they feize on the City, and turn out the Jefuits : but by the French Agcnts,and
thofe o^^uUerSy a patcht peace is made up, to which the Catholick Senators
would notafTent.
At Colen many who were forbid the exercife of their religion, remove to
Mulheim two miles from the City ^ they oi Colen fearing left that new Town
of Ji/«//'^;>/z fliould out-run in wealth, inhabitants, and priviledges, their anci-
ent City, they labour to hinder the building and increafe thereof. Brandeburg
and Neivburg, are inhibited by Cefar from the building of that place^ and the "
inhabitants are threatned with deftrudion. Mean wnde, Wolfgangus Guliel-
rrms of Newhurg^ and Georgiui Gulielmus Marquefs, the Eledors fon, Princes
50 near of kin, fell out about the pofTeflion of their mothers lands- and withall
differed in religion : {or Netvburg having manicd Magdalen oiBavaria^ be-
comes Catholick the other a Calvanift, who by the affiftance of Hollandyfor-
tifies ^ulierSy as Nervburg had done the fame at Dujfeldorp. Cefar profcribes
Aix for turning out their ancient Senators , and the execution of this EdiA is
committed to Albert Cefars brother. Nervburg puts Cefars fentencC in execu-
tion concerning Mulheim , which he deftroyeth •, the Eledor of Brandebftrg
complains of tliefe Edids , as being againft law ^ in the interim, SpinoU fei-
zeth upon Aix^ and reftores the Senators ^ the Proteftants fly, they that re-
mained, were puniflied •, he overthrows the remainders of Mulheim ^ and brings
40 under the fubje<^ion of Nervburg^ Fefalia^ upon the Rhen , and other Towns of
the Principality oi^uliers. Maurice being called upon by Brandeburg^ takes
in Emerec and fome other places. Newbiirg upon the death of his Father Phi-
lip Ludovick , fets up the Roman Religion in his Dominions, and Brandeburg
advanceth Calvinifm in his Lands •, that he might remove as much in opinion,
as he was in affedion from Nervburg. At Berlin the people mutiny for chan-
ging Luther anifm into Cahanifm^ which they hated. The ^em for their great
extortion are driven out of Frankfort ^ but brought back again in great pomp.
AtWpr«?walfofome^^TVJarebaniflied : at Saline in Thuringia^ one F-^kiel
50 Ma/;, gave himfelf out to be the great Michael^ and Immortal Word of God 5
but by experience, he found himfelf to be mortal and miferable. Sntdcius a
Socinian, deny eth Chrifts Divinity, which blafphemy is entertained in Sar-
matia. and Dacia., at this day.
About this time Rujfia is much infefted by the PoUndermA. Swedes , many
Rujfians did now fervc the PoUnder in this war,in hope his ^ntaudijlatts fhould
/\.^6 The Second Tart of the Book .VI .
An.Chrifti be Prince ot Mifcovia : but thofe mutinying for want of pay , gave occafion
^--'^"'^'''"^ to the Tartars to invade Podolta. But thefc Mufcovites being pacified by gold
and large promifes, overthrew three feveral Armies of their Countrey-men.
1 615 Neuda^ Pie fcovia^ and oxhct i?«jjz.i» Towns , are taken by the Polander and
Swede. Mofqua is burned by the Polonians^ the Ru^tans refenting thefe lofTes,
begin to lay afide all private grudges, and the Nobility chofe a Prince of their
own rank, Michael Federovitim, who fends Embafladors to Ccfar and the Po-
lander for peace-, to which both affented.The death oi Francis Duke o^Mantu.i,
caufed a war in /m/)! ^ for Cardinal Ferdinand Gon^^aga^ the defimfts brother,
puts afide his hat, thinks of marriage, and layethhold uponhis Anceftors 10
Principality •, from him Charles Emanuel^ of Savoj , demands his daughters
Dowry, who had been married to Francis: and withall the Marchionat of
Montferrat the UMantuan^ being afllfted by the vice Duke of JW/Y/j;?, who was
a Spaniard, did claim iV/o»f/frr«i^ for himfelf-, and having raifed an Army of
Spaniards^ oppofeth the Savoyen , who floutly made renftance , till a peace
was made, and the Mantuan promifed to pay the Dowry or portion to Mar-
garet-^ the other differences were referred to arbitration. But when the5^<i-
?7iWpropofed hard conditions to the 54't;tf)if;7, the war broke out more vio-
lently then before , to the great effufion of bloi:d •, the French and SwitT^rs
ht\dvJiX.\\ih.t Savoyen^ the Italians and Spaniards , with the Mantuan. 7 he 20
Vice Duke gains r^r(rf//<€ for the Spaniard^ when in the interim the Savoyen
wafts many places in the Dutchy of Millan. Atlaft, the eighteenth year of
this Century, reftitution was made on both fides , and a peace concluded in
Germany. Henry of ^uliers^ offended with Brmfmck , obtains a profcrip-
tion againft that City, from Ralph the Emperor ^ the Dukes fon Frederick had
made peace with them, if they would have delivered him a key to open their
city gate at his pleafure •, this being denyed , he befiegeth them. During
•which time, 12000 of the befiegers, and :50ooof thebefieged, wereflain.
At length about the fourth monetn after the fiege began, a peace is made, in
which it was agreed, that the City, as their Anceftors had done, fliould fwear 30
AUegeance to the Duke. The profcription fhould be cancelled, the old com-
merce between the Duke and City ftiould be rcnued , and that future contro-
vcrfics fliall be decided by Law, not by the fword.
1616 Tht Venetians \ytxe ink^ed both on fea and land, by the Cr<)4?j plundring
oftentimes with fmall Boats, the rf«<?^M» great Veftels. Complaint is made
to i='errtf/»4«^ the Arch- Duke , againft thefe Pirats, butnothingdone, wherc-r
fore a cruel war enfued. In which Cefar and the Spaniard flood for Ferdinand^
the Hollander under ^ohn ofNaffaK, for Fenice ^ but they being unacquainted
with the Italian way of fighting, returned diflionourably home , without do-
ing any thing. Mean while Ferdinand^ as it were adopted by Matthias Cefar ^ 40
is made King oi Bohemia^ by the confent of his two brothers Albert and Maxi-
milian^ on this condition, that whilft the Emperour lived, he ftiould not med-
dle with the government. Hereupon he is crowned, nobly entertained by the
S4Xo», and realty fworn to him by the Moravians .Silejians ^ and Lufatians.
After a bloudy war between him and Venice^ a peace is concluded •, and the
mercenary Croats, thieves rather then foldiers , muft avoid Senga , in which
Town Ferdinand was to place a Garifon oi Germans. The confederate Belgi-
ans had now redeemed from the Englifh Fusing and Briel^ which were pawned
to Queen Elizabeth, At Amfttrdam and Belph great troubles about Armi-
nianifm. The Excife of Wine being diminiftied, and of Corn encreafed , fo 5©
enraged the people, that they brake in upon the State, or Councel-Houfe flung
the Excife money up and down, and forced the Senate to take off that Excife.
In this fcufflc, the women there plaid the Amazons, and no wonder when one
of them had been married fucceflively to twenty five husbands.
IhtArminims finding their adverfaries too ftrong, and that a Synod vvas^
called
Chap.iS. HijlotyofthelVorld. 447
called againft them, \\^xtzAv\(tidhy Bar nev tide ^ Crotim and others, tot2x(c An. thr$j,
forces atUtricky Leyiieff and Harlem , for thcit dxknccj ailed ging that each ^-^"^^^
Congregation had power to choofe their own Paftor : but Grave Maurice
fooncr then was expcdtcd, came upon Wfw^f, feizcth on the watch, difarms
the Citizens > impr.fons the confpiratorSjand placcth there Cahmian miniftersj
which much diiheartned the Remonftrants. In this meanwhile, the Holland
lliips finde oat another pailagc to the Moluccas beyond the Strait of Magellan :
in two years fpace fhey pafs the Line five times. In Ruffia before the peace was
made, the Folonians oni of Smolenjcuw^ made an irruption on the iJ«_///^w, of 15 1?
ic whom they flew eight thoufand, and took two thouGmd prifoners. By the
mediation of King -fames^ a peace is concluded between the Ru^tan and Swede.
Itwasagreed that Ar(?t;tf^r.t^ and fome other Towns taken from the Ruffian y
Ibould be reft^-ed to Michael the Exarch t, and that Gufiavta <^dolfhus King
ofSwede.^ flioiild retain five Towns : that neither of them fliould allift the Po-
/rfWf^ with arms. In Z/'-uowrf fome Towns are taken by the Swede, but by -
the treachery of Ftirnesbec they are furprifed by the Polander.
The proteftants in (7frw4;?)i celebrate a Jubilee this year 161 7. being a full
Century finceZ«?/ifr began to oppofe indulgences. At this the Roman Ca-
tholicks did much ftorm, and indeed this Evangelical Jubilee (as they call it)
QO hath occafioned much for row in (7frw4«)f ever fince: for then the Pope and
Princes began to confuk about fupprefllng of Lutheranifm ^ the brand was fet 161%
on f^tt\ti Bohemia, which caufed that woful conflagration in Germany^ prefa-
ced by the fatal comet feen that year, by the fall of a hill among the Grifons^
()ntheTownofP/«r<«, which was fuddenly overwhelmed, fo that neither the
place, nor face of a Town, could there be any more feen, but a Lake where
the Caftle ftood . This Earthquake fell out the 2 5 of Auguft^ that fame year.
The palace at P^m was fet on fire by Lightning from Heaven, which confu-
med the ancient Monuments and Statues of the French Kings. About that
time I being then at Salffhttrj, in the Deanry, was called out into the Court
50 to behold ( with multitudes of people, being then nine of the clock at night)
divers Moons or Meteors like Moons, within a bright cloud be(ct with divers
crofles.
The Papifts in Hungary and Bohemia, taking offence at fome Churches late-
ly eredlcd by the Proteftants, (huts them up, ordefaccththem. TheProtc- ^
ftants complain to the Bifliop of Prague and Abbot of Brunonia^ that this was
againft the Laws of Rodolfh»s and (J^atthiof; it was anfwercd that none had
powcrto build Churches in their Territories, without their confent, and that
therefore the proteftants were juftly punilhed. Then they appeal to Cefar,
who gave them no fatisfadion : he being now gone from Vienna , to be neerer
40 Ferdinands Coronation in Hungary., the proteftant Princes call a Diet, to con-
fult about preferving of their religion : upon this , Cefar is made believe that
fuch conventicles as they called them, were of dangerous confequence , tend-
ing to the Emperors overthrow •, and that therefore under pain of his highefl
difpleafure, they fhould be d iflblved . At this they were fo exafperatcd, that
they flung their Scribe, and two more out of the Caftle window, accufing
them as betrayers oftheir countries liberties, in appealing to Cefar.^ yet their
lives were faved* They fet a guard of foldicrs upon Sternberg^ the Governor
of the Caftle and Kingdom ^ they fccure Prague, and throw the lefuits out of
Bohemia -, and prefently by their letters to Cefar .^ and their publick declarati-
jc'ons, they juflifie what they had done. But Ccf/tr condemns their procee-
dings asfeditious, exhorts the Princes not to countenance them , and forbids
levying of foldiers, promiftng that if the Bafjemians would be quiet, he would
flotfllr, Gtherwife he would raife fuch an army as fhould chaftife their con-
tumacy. With this the people were contented, promifingto be peaceable,
aiid dcfiring no force might be raifed. Nor was Cf/ar avcrfc to peace, but
fomc
^^8 The Second Tart of the BooLVL
An.Chrijii fome turbulent fpirits who could place no fecurity in peace, being guilty of the
^-^^\^^ breach thereof, and fearful of Cc/^ir5 difpkafure, refolve to make war. Here-
upon Cc/^r by T^w^/r and 5wf^«o/,raifeth an army, Bohemia, draws xhc Site-
Clans and Lufatiam to joyn with them •, they bcficge Budvife a Town wholly
Cefarian^ and phice a GarifoninCr«^/?rf'yM. Tamp iriakcs in Bijiricium^ and
being repulfcd from Newhoufe^ plunders the Suburbs, then takes Pilgron : Count
Bttcqtiei comes with a bigger army to Sajlavia^ where a doubtful! battell is
fought, many flain on both fides •, the Palatin and Saxon Eledors would fain
have hid the fparkles under the aflies. But it was now too late , for the fire
was broke out into a flame. Mansfield takes Pilfna for the Bohemians , Buc- lo
^«e/ fights him -, and comes to Budvife, takes Crumavia: Tamfir returning
with great plunder to Vienna, is met by the enemy, and plundred of his plunder.
Turren makes excurfions upon Aiifiria-^ the proteftants there bemg angry with
Cefar, for undertaking fo rafli a war, without their knowledge. The Saxon
Elector labourcth for a cefiation , till peace be concluded : the Bohemians
i6i9 doubt of Cefars fidelity in keeping the peace. Divers Commanders at Yienna
undertake a new order of Militia againft: Hereticks. Cefar profcribes CMans-
feld, and in the mean while fals fick of a lingring difeafc , whereof he died
the 6z year of his life, and the 7 of his Etnpire. The Grifons Ihortly after the
Earthquake, fall into divifions, profcribing and killing all that were againft 20
their democracy, the exiles require forain aid , and make way for ftrangers,
to invade that countrey. The Venetians found out the plot intended againft
them,- and punifhed the plotters.
Ferdinand 2^, fucceeded in the Empire, he wa5 grandchild to Ferdinand fir A
by his fon Chads. In his firft Letters Patents he cftablifheth the priviledges of
Bohemia, and the publick Officers of the kingdom, ktxXnghy Matthias ^ but
now thruft out by the Peers. This was difliked by the Bohemians, therefore
they refolve to ftand upon their guard. The inhabitants whom Bucquoi affrigh-
ted with divers irruptions, are commanded to be in arms. Turren breaks in
w^onMoravia, and forceth them to fide with Bohemia. Wallenfiein gocih to5<^
Hungary for aid from thence. Turren having ovei-run Auftria , faces Wiennay
and takes the Suburbs, where he quartered fome days as it were in the Kings
prefcnce. But whilft he is drawing the ^w^g'^ir/'/tw^ and -(^«j?n4« proteftants to
confederate with him , Bucquois army increafeth by new fijpplies from Italj^
Hungary, and Belgium : With thefe he fights Mansfield,znd defeats him.Upon
this divers Towns open their gates to him, who laden with fpoil enters trium-
phantly Budveifa ; this caufed Turren to haften his return into Bohemia. Buc-
quois army now confifting of 17c 00, takes divers Towns upon furrender.
Tampir is fent againft Moravia. Turren being beaten back from Vienna , King aq
Ferdinand comes to Francfort , where the Ele«flor of Mint^, calls a Diet for
inftallin^ of the Emperour. This troubled the Bohemians , that Ferdinand
whom tney went about to un-King, fhould fit among the Eledors as King of
Bohemia : therefore they fend Agents and Letters, to keep him off from vo-
ting, whom they held to be no King. But their labour was in vain, for not
only was he acknowledged one of the Eledors, but alfo was chofen and con-
fecrated Emperor. The Bohemians on the contrary , kill the Tamprians in
Moravia, and throw the ^fefuits out of Silejia, Moravia, and Hungary. Be-
fides, thevery next day that PfrJ/»4W was made Cefar, they depofe him at
Prague, and in his place chofe Frederic the Palatin. When as the Eledors had
cited them to Ratisbon, for deciding of the differences-, the Palatin xhon^
he was diffwaded by the Electors, yet unadvifedly accepts of the Bohemian^^
Crown. Bucquoi being inraged , beleaguers Pijfeca, ftorms it, and puts all
the-Townfmen to the fword . Mansfield is profcribed by the new Cefar, who
rageth up and down the Country, doing more hurt to innocent people , then
'good to his new king Frederic that employed him. Gabriel Bethlem, or Beth-
lem
Chap.iS. HiJloryoftbeJVorld. ^/^p
IcemGdi'orPi-.ofTrartfyl'uama did mod hanto Ferdittand , who conCpmn" A ft.Chrifti
' with the Bohemians^ and gaping after the Kingdome ofHtmgary^zook Lajfovia^ lV^Ou
K' Pofomum^ and other places-, he ufcd the Catholicks barbaroully , and tranf-
■ - f erring the Crown of Hungary to himfclf , took upon him the title of Prince
■"' of Hungary : Afterwards meetings were held among the Corrcfpondents ("for
fo they v> ere called who fided with the Palatin and 'SiohemiA)zt Norimberg^ and
of the Catholicks at Herhipolts , about the way of promoting , their fevcrall
interefts and religions. Bucquoi being pinched with want , and forfaken of
the Hungarian robbers jWent alide into Aujiria , where the Proteftants fepera-
10 ting thcmfelvcs from the Fapifts^ had an eie on the fortune of Bohemia.
In Ho/iand J. Synod is called at -D<>rr , at which were prefent Divines out of
QxtAtBritain^Sivif^rland , Palatinat^ Haffa, Geneva^ Brem, and Emhden-,
In which thcfe 5 controverted Articles were debated, i. Whether Eledlion
and reprobation w ere abfolute, or had refpedt to faith and infidelitie. 2''. If
Chrift died for all. 5"^. If in God there are two contrary wills^ to wit, re-
vealed and fccret. 4'^ If effeftuall Gracecanberelifted. 5'''. If the faith-
full can finally , and totally fill from Grace. The Remonflrants rcfufed to
(land to then- verdid , who were both Judges and Parties , exhibiting a con-
feflion of their Faith with a proteftation, would not recant their opinion,there-
2 0 fore they were condemned of error, divers of them imprifoned , and mofl:
banillied. :^ohn Bernevild above 70 years of age , and who had been a good
patriot, loofeth his head, , for favouring the hnninian docflrin and plots , for
violating the 5e/^/V/C' Laws 5 foraccufing Minricezsiiht afpired at thefolc
dominion of Belgium. Ledenboroius one of the plotters killed himfelf : Greti-
us and H-ogerbetius condemned to perpetuall imprifonment ^ and their goods
confifcate ,^ but Grotias by his wife was conveyed out of prifon in a chefl. Ca-
/^r by his declarations doth nullifie the P^/^f/w Coronation , becaufeit was
not done by them, who had the power to do it, nor was it done [^ folio vacan-
te 3 much Icfs did it become the Palatin to take his Crown, whom he had ac- ^ ^^o
30 knowledged to be lawful! King of Bohemia , and had with the other Ele(Slors
chofen him C<xfar : He fliewed alfo that the Aujlrians had an hereditary right
over Bohemia^ which the Bohemians in their printed books refuted. But Pre-
^ derick the new King by abolifliing the Roman Faith in the Caftle of Prague,
WL" ^nd the Lutheran in other places,procured on himfelf mueh hatred-, the begin-
H^ ning of: his reigne was ominous , for he fent one SLtvata to take poflcflion of
Br the Town Gutjcinum with the Caftle, which was blown up with gun-powder
by SmirfitT^a the wife of. Baron Wartenburgitts , there periflied Itee , and SU-
vata^ with certain Judges , in all about one hundred pcrfons : Whilft Frede-
rick is bufie in making the Moravians^ Cilefians, and Lufatians fwear Fealty to
■40 him. <iMxradas conduds fromtCcp** new Forces into Bohemia^ Buccjuoi
fills upon the Mansfeldians out of order, for want of pay in the night , and
makes a grdat (laughter amongft them. The Tranfyhanian makes truce with
I C-«/4r for fome months. Bucquoi is forced by the Bohemians to retreat to
Cremfa: TheCoj/ztcA'j- which were the Po/o«/4;; Auxiliaries, fpoyleall the Lu-
I t^frrf« Countries with fire andfword, multitudes of people are driven into
j the woods, where they arc killed with cold and hunger, or the mercilefs cne-
{ mie. Thefc alfo were fometimes beaten by the Silejlans and Moravians. Ba-
ron Feljitu as he was purfuing thole Co]/4i:/l'i, fell unwarily into Bucqaoi's
quarters, where he loft his life, with many of his Soldiers. The Ele(5tor's
50 pittying the mifery of Germany labor (except Brandeburg) to perfwade the Pa-
' latine to renounce his Title of Bo^fw/4, otherwife they threaten to cake arras
againft him. Frederick replies that the cognizance of the Bohemian caufc
was not in a few Electors , nor In Ferdinand Archduke of Auftria , but in the
Kingdome of Bohemia, . or rather the whole Empire : Neither had he any
quarrel \mh.C<efar , hi\t with the Archduke •, therefoi?e faith he , forraigm
G g g Princes
'^ The Second Tart of the Book.Vl.
An.Chrifii Princes defirc the matter may be heard in a full Diet •• But the Bohmiarts were
s-^~V~N^ Co little moved with the Hledlors threatnings, that they named He^jry Fredericks
eldeft fon now fix years old , fuccelTor to Ins Father in the Kingdomc of
hohemiit,
CJtfar to vindicate this v rong offered to his Family , foUicites the Pope to
furnidi him \> ith money, 5/'/i/« and P^^/rfW with Forces. The Palatine finds
not that fupply from England which he expe(ftcd. The Trench King thought
it beft to reconcile the difFerences,therefore fends Ambafladorsto defire them
to be reconciled : Maximilian of Bavaria^ who had a great army of Papifts,
agrees with the 1 rotcft ant army under Joachim Ernefl ^ that the feat of" the iq
war fliould be contained within the borders of Bohemia , and the Provinces
unite to it -, prcfently the Bavarian marcheth againft the i^ttjirians that were
in league with Bohemia , and forceth them to renounce their league, ^ohn
George Eledor of Saxony , who had exhorted before Bohemia and the Palatin
to fubmit to Cicfar •, is by him imployed againft the upper and lower Lufatia^
both of which he fubjugates to the Emperor, which greatly advanced C/gfars
caufe. At the fame time Sp/nola with an army out of Belgium, by the King
of Spain s command invades the Palatinat.The Prince oC Orange with a ftrong
army marcheth into rf/<f//4, h'lshxothci Henry Frederick into the Palatinate.
In Hungary^ Gahor is proclaimed King by a Diet of his own Fadlion : Thence 20
he falls upon Aujiria^ and fends aid to Bohemia, he fhoots Tampire dead, as he
was attempting to take in Pofonium. Bavare having quieted Pmfiria , joynes
his whole Forces with Bucquoif's •, many towns by them are taken, multitudes
of the inhabitants flain , many of the countrey-people take arms againfl their
land-lords, wafting their Mannors, and plundring their houfes : the Bohemia»
army conduced by the King , did fomewhat retard the enemies procecdings>
fomc light velitations there were, but the Soldiers were unruly for want of
pay, whereas the Imperial army by reafon of their great plunders , and the
wealth of U^aximilian the Bavarian , was duely payed : The Palatine then
marcheth with all his Forces towards Prague^2Sid cncampeth but m a tumultua- 3^
ry way on a hill not farr off, with a purpofc to fight the Enemy , and to drive
him out of Prague •, but moft of his army put more confidence in their heels
then hands, for whilft they were intrenching themfelves. Count TiUy , with the
Bavarian and Cafarian army haftneth towards them : prefently about 9000
Hungarians laden ^^ ith plunder, run away -, in the very firft incounter of the
tv\ o armies , the Regiments of Turrin and HoUach are cut off, which fo 6\C-
heartncd therelt, that they began to grow difordrcd , and in a confufed way
being ftruck with a panick terror , run towards the City, x^nhalden and
Count Hollach , prevent the reft , and bring fad newes to the King that the . ^
day was loft, and that his chief fafety confifted in his horfe-heels. He pro-
cures with much difficulty truce for 8 hours,either to renounce his claim of Btf-
hemia, or to fight again: He found it unfafe to put all on the hazard of another
incounter, therefore having put his wife , children, and beA things in coach-
1620 cs and waggons, he haftneth into 5/7-«//« : The Crown and Records of the
Kingdom being left behinde. This victory fell out the S'** of November af-
ter tne Roman account ^ the dofpell for which day is , Give to Cafar the
things that are C^fars. The next day , the Imperialifts enter Prague in a tri-
umphant way. fo in a fhort time Bohemta fubmits to C* far: In this battel!
were killed of the Bohemians 8000. and 2C00. Ctjarians The Palatin Sol-
diers being deftitute of their pay , and forfaken by their Commanders , curfe
Bohemia mat ever they faw it , and foby flight every one fliifts for him- 5°
ieif.
Shortly after this , Maximilian of Bavaria , returns home, the charge of
the army, is Committed to Tt/Iie^ and of the Kingdom to Lichtenjlein. Of
the Proteftianc fi4c , Mans f eld had fome Soldaccs in Pilfna^ HtrmAnm Franctts
in
p
C h ap .18, Hiflorj of the World. 4.51
in Thabor^ and old Tmren in Mcranjia, in Falachia and Moldavi a , Gratian , at ^». chnjli
tliis time was Vdivod , whom the Polonians pioteded , the Turks and Tartars ^--^A'-^^
oppoied, bccaufchehad confpircd with the P(?/rfW£'r againft the 7urk -^ two
Ixitcels wercfocight- in the firft iht PoLtnders ^ inthelecond the Turks had
the better, in \vluch6>^i/^/.w with his Auxiharics were cut off. Hereupon Of-
m.in having mace peace with the Parthian , turns out of his Court the Poland
Ambaflador, and denouncetii war againft tlie King, who hardly efcaped with
his life , being afTaulted by an J(]a(in , as he was going into the Church j
by providence the blow was averted , the A(fafm. tortured , and open war a-
ic !?ainft the Turk is proclaimed. In the Valtelin, Ralph Plant being profcribcd
by the Grijons , enters into a fecret plot with the Catholicks , to kill all the
Proteftants there , as well ftrangers, as natives, which raaiTacre was efFe(5tcd
-accordingly : Then being aififted by the Duke of Feria^ Governor of Millan
with 4000 SoldierSjleifeth on the whole valley from Lake Comon to T^irol ,and
beats off the Gnfons united with the Valtebinols : The ]Duke of Feria mean
while builds in fit places ftrong Forts. The Venetians could not endure that
the gate of Italy fliould be fliut up againfl the French and Swit^ers ^ The
French King by his Ambaifadors , defires the King of Sfain to open the paf-
fage again. Upon this, divers confultations were held , but diverfly interru-
20 pted .• In the interim Pomfj Plant with his frietids are murthered in his own
Caftle. 1^21
. In the beginning of the next year Frederick the Palfgrave is profcribed by
Cafar for accepting the Crown of Bohemia , and fo are all thofe that aided
him. Turren who could not perfwade the Moravians to conftancie, flieth to
Bethkem G abor ,\v\\Qit elediion to thcCrown o( Hungary, C^far maketh nul.Thc
Palatin of Segeberg fueth for aid from the Dane and Saxon , but in vain; for
Citfar having declared he would maintain the peace and liberty of Germany ; -y
neither the Dane nor Saxo» would ftir, onely Chrijlian of Brunfwick ^ Bifliop
of Halberfiad raifeth an Army , which he conduced into the Countrcyof
20 CMints^ the Pallatin now Vv'as gon for Holland. Bncquoi had fubdued Mora-
viai, the Saxon Silefta, which was pardoned upon acknowledging of their er-
rors , the Moravians were left to defar's mercy : Spinola broke the league thar
was between the Princes of Onolt:{bac , Wirtenbarg^ Durlacen , and Haffe with
fome others that were united •, thefc procured peace for their own Territories,
and truce for the Palatinat, till means was ufed for a tranfadion. Mean while
ally inBohemia Eghts with Manffield , who had yet the poffelfion of fome
Towns there, and of the upper Palatinat. But for want of money, the Cap-
tains fold their Towns to Tilly • OManffield being reduced to great ftreights,
upon promife of pardon, money and honours, fubmits to C^/^r •, but having
40 ftrengthned himfelf, he revolts and violates his faith , and fo through the Ba-
varian Territories , he breaks in upon the lower Palatinat , and raifeth the
fiege of Yrankenthal • then he plunders the Territories of Spire and Straif-
burg , and pofTeffeth himfelf oiHagenoa : The Palfgrave publifheth a decla-
ration, wherein he flieweth the caufes why he accepted the Crown of Bohe-
mia, and withall, how.defirous he was of peace , if it could be obtained upon
terms of honor and fafety.
Count Bucqmi havins; fubdued Moravia., marcheth towards Hungary ^whttt
G^i^tfr cunningly rcfufeth to be Crowned. Presburg , Pofonium., and other
Towns, arc taken in by Bucqmi, who perfwades Seajlin George to fall off from
50 Cahor, he under-hand reconciles himfelf to Cxfar , and doth a great dfcal of
mifchief to Gabor , whilfl he was expecting aid from the Iwk -, for he inter-
cepted the Auxiliaries that were fcnt to him : Gahor at this tinae was in a low
condition, when f?«f^»(?/befiegingiV^«/o/«w was killed with 1 6 wounds, the
recovering of his body from the Hungarians^ coft \k\cCxfarians much blood?
Iiis death gave occafion to Gahor to regain many of his lofl: Towns and forts :
Ggg 2 But
7^1 TheSecond Tart of the Book.Vl,
AHiChriJli />ut about the end of this year, at the Diet of Nicloihnrg^ an accord is made
<.^'^^^'\^ between Cefar and him, and the Crown oi Hungary is reftored to Ferdinand.
Divers Towns are left to GAhof^ to be governed by him under Cefar. He ob-
tains alfo fome places in 5/7f//4, and the title of a Prince ot the Empire. Reli-
gion is left m the fame condition it was,when Fer din and wnAtxtooV the Govern-
ment of that kingdom. In the interim Silefu is much infefted by ^egemdorjf^
who layeth heavy Taxes on them, and fights the Saxon with divers fuccefs.
Twenty five Incendiaries are apprehended by the Saxon, and for Treafon arc
condemned at Prague. Whileft the Polonian is at war with the Turk , the
Swedes uVz Riga in Livonia, and Mitovia^ which afterward was re-taken by lo
the Polander^ and then a Truce was made.
The twelve years peace between Sfain and Holland^ is this year 21 , expired
in Afril. The Arch-Duke by his A^ent, wifheth the Hollanders to return to
the obedience of 5p<j/»,they anfwer that it was too late to expcd obedience of
them, whom Sfain had confefled to be free States . Hereupon Spnola, in Sef-
tember fits down before ^uliers^ and takes it the next Pf^r^/trji , notwithftan-
ding Orange did what he could to help the befieged. Whilft the CriCons
ftrivc to defend, the Valtelin arc beaten themfclves by the Spaniard ^ by which
means Leofoldof Aitjlri* on the one fide, and the Duke of Feria on the o-
ther, took occafion to plant the Roman faith there. The King of Morocco in 20
Africa^ about to take the Fort, built by the Spaniard neer Alarachia , is bea-
ten off with the lofs of his army, by the Spanijh Fleet, which in the Straits of
Cadi^'y took 32 Holland ihl^s. Out of the Molucca Iflands the Spaniards and
Engljh beat the Hollander. This year died Pope Paul 5''',of an Apoplexy ,thc
69 year of his life, and of his Pontificat the 1 6. To him fuccecded Alexan-
der Ludovifiui of Sononia , who made the peace between Spain and Savoy ,
1^22 whom after a few days Cofmm Bx arch of Hetruri a, foWov/cd-^ he left many
children behind him, his cldeft fon Ferdinand^yet a child, fuccecded ^ he was
under the tuition of his Grand-mother o( Lorrain^ his Mother oi Aufiria,
and his Uncle the Cardinal. The laft of March died King Phtlip f of Sf 4/Vi, 30
the 45 year of his life, and of his reign 23. Philip the 4* , being 16 years of
age fuccecded, who thruft out of his Court fuch as had abufcd his Fathers
lenity % fome he impnfoned , and fome he put to death.
In^'^Wif after died yi/^frf the Arch-Dukc, znd'in September following, Bel-
Urminexmx. famous Divine, being almofl 80 years of age : he was fifters fon
to Pope Mafcell/tf 2"^. Gregory 1 5 made a Law that the Pope fhould be cho-
fcn by the Cardinals only, without any refpcd had to the Letters of Kings and
Princes. Brunfwic did much mifchief this year in Wefiphalia , he took in ma-
ny Towns , perfecuted the Roman Catholicks , abufed the Clergy, defaced
Churches,and made mony of confecratcd Ornaments ^ thence he goeth into 40
Eisfeldia and Watteravia^ and other places thereabout, fpoiling all with fire
and fword. Mean while the Palatin returns into his own country difguiftd.
Mansfield zndtht Marquis of Baden, defeat 7V//jrncar Wijjoch: but afterward
the fame TtUy did totally rout the Mansfieldians , and took all their Artillery,
Paggage and Mony. Shortly after , Mansfield takes Ladenhurg , and defeats
the Leopoldians^ as they were befieging Hagenoa. Then he haftneth to joyn
with Bmnfmc^ but Ttllj did fo hotly purfueliim, that he retreats to Manheim.
Then 7if//yfeeks out B^««/»r/V)&, where he finds him with a great Army, but
without Ordnance , near the River Moen , where he forceth them all to fly.
The Duke efcapes over the Bridge, and was fo eagerly purfued by the Tillians^ j^
that with the weight of the foldiers the Bridge broke, and many were drown-
ed in the River. Brmfrvicks other Troops were cut in pieces byihcCf/)»r/-
Ans : Befides thofe that were drowned, three thoufand were killed j Hocbjls
was regained prefently.
Ths^idatin wnmng many to (\jxm{h Mansfield zndBrmfmck, and finding
that
Chap.iS. HtftoryofthelVorld, ^^
that his condition was deplorable, hefupports his hopes with the agreement ^».C/&ri/?i
at Brupls, then in agitation by Dighy EmbafTador for King ^ames;hc caftiiered ^-<^V~vj
CMansfeld, being defirous of the fame, many Towns & 1-orts fubmit to Ce(dr'^
Wormes and Sfire admit Garifons •, Heidelberg is befieged •, the PaUtin is con-
veyed to Sedan by the Mansjieldians , who joining with Brtmfwicks Forces,
brake in through Frmce upon Henault, where they had a (harp encounter with
Confalvm of Corduha, in which Brunfmcks arm was fo torn and {hattered,thac
the Chirurgions were fain to cut it off. Thence they make their way towards
Breda, in Brabant •, {harp Skirmilhes there were , and many flaiii on both fides.
1 o Brunjtvick was like to cary the Vidlory , had not the Mansjieldians for want of
pay , refuled to fight. Not long after on the fixt of September Heidelberg
after a ftout defence, was taken by T/7/y, the Garifon all put to the fword,
the Town miferably defaced and plundred , fo thatT///jf was fain to com-
mand the fold iers to give off. The King of Denmark fends an Embaflador
to the Emperor , defiring him to pardon the PaUttns temerity, for publick
peace lake , and to reftore him to his Eledorat, upon his renunciation of the
hohetnun Crown.But Cefar refers the EmbafTador to the agreement ofBruJfeh^
which went on with fo flow a pace, that in the mean while the PaUtin lofl all
his Country-, forSirZ/or^ferifr^difpairingof any aid, delivers up Manheim
io to Tilly, upon honourable tearms. In 0^(;^fr following, Leopold {ubdms the
Territory of 5/>/Vf, and other parts. ThcLandsoftheMarquifat of ii4df(?»
fuffered all kind of hoftility by the Bavarian foldiers , chiefly the Croats'znd
Cofacks. Thcfe Co/ifitj for their cruelty arc cafhiered by Cefar -^ forwherefo-
cver they went, like mad dogs, they raged on all forts of people , fex an4
ages, their cruelties, rapacity, and leachcry, which Germany {\}!&xt6. is un-r
fpeakable. But they were met fometimes by the S//f/?4»/, and rewarded gc-
cording to their merits. The Mansfieldians were little better in Wefifhalia^
and Eafl Friefland: plundring and fpoiling all places as they came, and impo^
fing Taxes at their pleafure ^ whereupon the lower Saxony by Cefars confent,
jc take arms for their own defence. All the Protcftant Miniftcrs are banifheql
out of Bohemia, and lAoravia. In France the Pacification is broken by the
King, who not without great flaughter takes Montpelier^ and other Protcftant
Towns, with which afterwards he makes an agreement.
The fame year the Pope Canonizeth //?i(?r, Ignatius Loyola^ Vrancis Trf^
Jia, Foundrels of the bare-footed Carmelites, znd one Philip Author of the
Congregation of the Oratory. He decrees it a fin , to fay, the Virgin M4-
rj was conceived in fin. He ereiis a new CoUcdge for propagating the faith.
He fends into Denmark feme Parfonatcd Divines, to feafon the Schools and
Pulpits with their DoArine of Rome, but with fmall fuccefs •, two Danifh
40 Ihips richly loaden, return that year home from Ceilan in the Ei^-InJies. $/>/-
»ola before Bergen ap Zem, lofeth Sc'o men, and at laft is forced to break up
bisfiege. lAa x imilian oi Bav art a. h honowcd wixh xht Palatin Eledorat, a-
gainft the will of M;»^j,S4Xtfw, and Brandeburg, but with this caution,that here**
By the Palatins fons and kindred fhould not be prejudiced. This was done at
Jt;«f*s^i>tfthe i5of Vebr^ary. The Popifli Doctors are deccftedin Denmark^ .^^
and banidied. A filvcr Mine is found in Norway, and a new Academy erc^
td in Seland. In Holland a Treafonous plot is difcovered againft Mamce, and
the Pinii- >^rmirHAns; the Ring -leaders, were Barnfelds two fons,one of which
efcr^d, theother with his complices was executed. The King o( Denm4rk
50 and the SdArc» Princes drove 5r»»/TwV;(r out of their Territories into Vriejlandj
wfiere Tilly falls upon his Rear, and by an ambufh fuddcnly furrounds his ^-
imy, which was very numerous •, the TilUans were but 500"^ > who put 5Q
§().^x.iA\tBrtmfmckians, killed fcven hundred on the place , took moftpt the
chief men prifoners, with all the Ordnance, Baggage and Pr-ovifipn. hrunf-
ftPkk himfeU cfcaped, mxh fomc Troups to Brevprd. MeppfM}^ furrcndred to
Tilly
454 The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
An.ChrifliTtlly. Vrifuk kiW moleftedby the cJJf^w/Jf/dfw^j, till Count Oldenburg obtai-
^-'"'^'^"""^ ned their pardon from C^far : For Tillj did not meddle with thefe cunning Hat-
pes^ yet ibme of them return to the Province of Mttnfter in Wefifhalia where
they loofe 15 Colours. Limbatis with moft of his Commanders furrender
thcmfelves : From that time the Mmfficldtans fell off daily, their Commander
accompanied with a few, flies.back to Holland^ and Brtinfrvick to Saxony. This
year died Gregory i j'*' of the Palfi^at Rome : His fucceflbr was Cardinall Ma-
^hxtis Barber mm ^ who took the name o( Urban 8^. Old Tiirren affifted by
the Turks, did much mifchicf in Moravia, fo did Gabor , till the Turks fell off
from him, and his Gfrw^w aid not appearing , he was forced to make peace jq
with the Emperor, who afterward took from the title of Princes of the
Empire. The Turks returning heavy with plunder , are killed every where
hyih.cCiefarianSj andftriptof their fpoyles : The next year peace is renewed
between Ca[ar and Tranfylvama •, fo at laft ^egerndorff'is turned out of Sile-
fia, Turren out of Moravia^ and Gabor out of Hungary.
This year ftrange things were feen in Germany, portending yet more trou-
bles. For in divers Poles water was congealed into blood, drops of blood
fell from the beams and rafters of fome houfes , the bread , the tables , and
books in fome places fweat blood : Armies fighting were feen and heard in
1524 the aire, and corn grew upon trees. Shortly after this the fparkles of war
begin to break out in Denmark and Saxony . Count Tilly places fome Garri- 20
fons'in Saxony, i\\ou^ Brunfwick was fled [ntoDenmark^znd had disbanded the
remainder of his Army : Thefe Garri{bns fo opprcflcd the Saxons with exaitir
ens, and want of provifion , that they complain to the Dane , and he to the
Emperor, that Saxony his neighbour Countrey was much opprelfed , though
they were no enemies either to C^far or ^av^re : It was anfwered, that tliofe
forces in Saxony belonged to the Bavarian^who could not with fafety disband
them, becaufe he feared the Saxon ftrength 5 yet if there were any within the
King's Territories , they fhould be removed. This anivver was fent by the
King to Tilly, who returns him this feoff. That his Soldiers had no wings to
flye in the aire , therefore muff have fome ground and earth for their feet to 30
ftand upon. This highly incenfed the King , who was now invited by the
Kings of great Brittan^ France^ Srvethland, and the Netherlands^ to ftand up in
defence of Kingly right. The Hollanders fend a great fleet this year into C/i-
i»enV<i, which feiiing upon fome .J/'^wyfc Veffels , take the Brfjr or port of All
Saints, with the Town, where they met with rich booties •• Sfinola about the
end of Auguft , fits down before Baieda. Maurice takes the anticnt Town of
Clive , with fome other places •, he aimed alfo at the Cittadell of Antwerp^
but his Stratagem failed . Breda having held out fiege 9 months , in which
time ^ujlin of Najj'au made many eruptions, and Henry Frederick with a great aq
army flrove to raife the fiege , but could not, therefore the Town was forced
by ficknefs and famin, toyeild May 26. the Soldiers marched out with their
arms , and the Townefmen had their liberties granted, but not their Religion,
after fuch a day. A little hckte,¥rederick of Toledo, recovered again their Bay
of Bra/?/ to the Spaniards. P/'/7i/>4* inhibited commerce between the Spa-
1 62 "J ^i^*''^^-, ^nti his fubjeds oC&elgium.
About the beginning of the 25''' year , the florms and windes were fo vio-
lent in Denmark and Golfatia , that not oncly trees were rooted up , but alfo
many houfes, towers and Churches blown down, bulwarks, banks , and ram-
pires overthrown by the fea , and land-floods, fore-runners of the enfuing
troubles. About the end of LMarch at Lavenberg , a meeting was between 5 ®
the Princes of lower Saxony, the King of Denmark, as Duke of Holfatia , the ;
adminiflrator of Magdeburg , the Bifhop of Brem , the Duke of Brmfrvick, |
the Megapolitans ; where it is agreed, that the Regiments raifed awhile ago for |
defence of Saxony be increafed , and a ftrong Army levied, over which the '
\ King
I
Chap . 1 8 . Htjlory of the IVorld, /|.55
King fliould be Gcnenll. Ih^ Grifons\v:ix mihcValteiin \s renewed. Vox An.chrifti
¥ra/jcc^yeme,znd Savoy vexed that a Province, (o convenient for them, fhould ^-''■V'Ni^
be wholly fubjeil to any other .• Therefore they enter into a Confederacy for
regaining it : To whom a Towns and 2 Counties come in and fubmit. Ma-
ny that had betrayed their CoLintrey were put to death, but the Catholick
Swtt^ers put themfclvcs under the prote^ion of Aujlria. Prefently Cleve be-
ing taken , the whole VdteUn falls off to the confederates . There is alfo war
made againft GfWM , for furnishing the S/'rfw/W with money and provifiohs .•
This War was eagerly perfued in the beginning by the Vrench , and Savoyen ,
10 in which the Ligurians were fometlmes worfted : Preton and Albinga are furren-
dred, but the Yrcnch were diverted by an inteftin War at home , between the
Papifts and Hugonots • in which Duke Sonliz: beat the King's fliips at fea , and
fliortly after is beaten himfelf, and driven into England. RochelxsheCxcocd
both by Sea and Land : Pope Urban confirms the new Militia, which began the
i^th ye3j. Qf j^is age at Vienna , and gives it the name of Saint Maries Concef-
'i tion. In Aujlria^ Bohemia. , Moravia , and elfewhere, the Proteftant books
are burned, their Church-fervice difturbed , and the profelTors of Reformati-
on banifhed. In France y books were caft abroad that the Hugonots inten-
ded to kill the King , and to recover their Liberty. Marcus Amontm de Do-
?o minis^ who had wrote againft the Church of Rome , whilft he was in England^
is inticed over to Bmffels by the Sfanifh AmbalTador, upon great promifes,
but from thence he is fent to Rome where he died ^ fome fay he was ftrangled
in pnfon , and in the beginning of December was burned. Shortly after the
Pope began his 3^/*^//^^, at which was prefcnt UUdijlaus the Prince of
Pfifand.
Ferdinand the Emperor having made truce with the Turk for 12 years,
knds Tilly and /"r/^/W with their Armies to invade the lower Saxony, al-
though the King of Denmark had conduced an Army of 24 tfaoufand to h^
r<>/lfwitfaout hurting any man ^ but declaring that his intent was onely to"46r
fctui the Saxo» Li bcrties. Till the 10* of ^uly there pafled no Ad of hofli-
3^ Iky on either fide : The Tillians made the firft breach by feifing upon a Fort
of Sdxonjg buik near Huxaria. i o Days after the King rid ing carclefly upon
the Rampire , feli with his horle into a cave 29 foot deep , where powder was
kept , onely covered over with deal-b oards , where after two houres he was
found aldve,but for three dales together he was accounted no better then a dead
man -, whcfcfbre the Enemy drawing near , the Danes retreat towards the Di-
occfs-of pW<i»rf ; McanwhilcT///)! with all his Forces breaks in a^on Brun-'
fmck ^notmdx&md'm^tht Saxons by their Agents deprecated the contrary:
HeplacetfcGairifonsin divers Towns, and makes havock of the Inhabitants
of Srunfwick , who therefore take Arms in their own defence •, The King alfo
40 requires in Cieftr's name, that he would remove his Army out of Saxony , but
in vain •, for Tilly befiegeth NienA>mgy which the King being well now recove-
red defended fo ftoutly, thzt Tilly was fain to give off the fiege with the lofs
of 4QOoof his men : Yet Stdt^navia revolted to him, by means of a certain
Captain who was bribed. In the interim Manffield gets recruits from £»^/W,
which no \v was fiWcn out with Spain for not refloring the Palatinat. Thefc
Forces (but much diminifhed by the way j with fome French and Flemins,
he eond^i(5i!S into Saxony , where he takes up his quarcers at Lavembnrg upon
Albis, when a little J>efbre, Brmfmck with good fupply of horfe , joyncs with
Che King. In this meantime Fridland enter? the Diocefs oi Magdeburg, where
^^hefcifethnponHrfW, his Soldiers alfo make inroads upon the Territories <^ 15a5
JT/j/l^er/rf^ without refinance •, but that the flame of this war mi»ht f^ead no
furt?her , by the mediation of the Electors of Saxony and BrandeMrg, a Trea-
ty for peace was held in O^oher^t Brunfmck, after 4 months difccptation ,
the Treaty brokcjpffvvtthout effecting any thing; for Titty would ^^oc part
With
^l6
The Second Tan of the
Book.VI.
Jti.Chrifii with Minda and Huxarta^ ncicher would he nor /"/-/^/jw^ confirm the rights
^-''■^'''^^ which the Nobility o(Saxo»y had purchafed over the Church-lands. So the
War brake out more fiercely then before- in which Br««/^m/: overthrew a
Regiment of High- way Robbers, with Soo of Fridlmds men. But Mans-
field plundring fome Villages of the Lubekcrs ^ was fet upon by the Townf-
men who fallicd out, killed divers of his Horfe, and flript bim of his plunder.
^ohtt Ernefi of f'tnarix, the Kings Lieutenant, takes in divers Towns.
Z,f<>/>o/<^ upon the death of his brother Charles m Spain, refignes hisBifho-
pricks of Strashurg , and Padua , and marries with Claudia of Medices, the
Duke of lhi>im Widow ^ the younger fon of Sigifmmd , Kin^ of Poland, i©
obtains the Biihoprick of Uratifla'vta. About this time died King ^ames in
March, and mtaurice Prince of Orange, the next .April after, both of a Fea-
ver,whofe deaths was accompanied with a great plague and mortality through
Great Britain, and many other places of Europe. The King of Sweden falls
upon Livonia fuddenly, and takes divers Towns from the Polander^ who la-
boured to recover Riga, with the lofs of 600 Citizens, by Turren the yonger^
the Swede alfo alarms Borupa in ^uly with a Fleet of eighty Sail. He takes
in there divers Towns-, he injoins the Dantifcans to put away the Polon/an
fliips, and to pay him the Tribute due to the PoUnder,. hwt thi% .Cit^ rcfiftcd
hiiii'ftoutly, ,.and,retarded his proceedings. ...... ,:..Urlv. .
1626
20
nol i\
'hAmXICA 31."
tiibr. ! '.,.CH.A,P..Xl){o : ..li/.doih mbn£ e''^'i='^f^f'5
AContimiattoH of the. Hifiory <?/ Geimany |> Denmark, Swedlar<d» Holland,
Poland, Italy,&c. W^r Ferdinand 2', from the year 1626. till the endof
1650. J , ^ ^l.^lk^^^a^< 1
-]. , . . . ■ In!: •m^-yrn
. H E flame of the Saxon war did this year break out into a great
conflagration. The Cefarian Army being too numerous to be
encountrcd with , the Saxons ftrive to keep off provifions from 3®
them. The Mansfeldtans therefore the 1 5 of April alTault a
Fort of Fridlands upon the Albis, by which he had provifions
brought him by water. The attempt was defperate and raih ;
for the Mansfieldians were but 8oor, whereas there was above 36000 Cefa-
rijtns, The Mansjieldian Horfe fainting , left the Foot to the mercy of the
Enemy, who cut off the Holland Auxiliaries, wliich were about 4000, the
reft fled. Thirty colours were taken, yet they write that of the Mamfieldians
not many above 1 500 were flain. In Ha([ia the Country people rife in Arms
againft the foldieis, many whereof they killed and plundred. Brunfwick his
upon the Province of Grubenhag, in the abfence of George Lunebarge pofTelTor 40
thereof, who was raifing Forces for Cefar, and fortifieth divers places with
Garifons -, befides, he beats in Haffia George his new Levies. The Emperor
by a Herauld proclaims at A/d^«/e^»r^ profcription againfl all of the Roman
Empire, that lliall affifl the Dane. Tilly takes Munda the key of Brmonia, and
puts alltothefword, except a few that hid themfelvesin Vaults, or on the
Houfe tops , who after the fury of the foldiers was pafl, ranfomed their
lives for mony. This was in the end oi May-, and about the fixtof5P»»c
\rm[rvick^\&d, fbme think he was poifoned: the 19 of ^w/y his mother fol-
lowed him, the 2>4;?^ Garilbns, theCa{lleofr<?r^/«. Tilly delivctsHapato
William the Land-grave, and marcheth to Gottinga, which was furrendred to 50
him, though the -D4;jf was coming with all his Forces to raife theficge. The
two Armies meet -, the Kings firft velitations were fuccefsful, Tilly having lofl
above fix hundred of his men, with fome Colours. The King purfues Til-
lies Rcare, and had now at Letter a found a fit place for defence , where he was
advifcdto hault, and not to follow the Enemy , who hadgotthevvindeand
advan-
Chap.iy. Hiflory of the World. 4.57
advantage of the ground. But he would go on, with a rcfolution to fight the An. thnjii
Enemy. The Avam Guard advanceth fo couragioufly towards Tillies Artille- '^-'''^V""^
ry, put hiiii in fome tear, till he was ftrengchned with George Lmdurgs
Auxiliaries ; then falling with all his Forces upon the Kings Foot,ro gals
them, that the Horfe pretendiug want of pay, wheeled aboutjand refu-
fed to 'fight, notwithftanding they had received their pay not long be-*
fore. The King did what he couUl to make them fight, but in vain,'
for they fliamefbily rid awa)', and left the Foot naked; whereof laoo"
were flain by the Enemy, and i8co taken prifoners, with 2^ Colours.'
10 Many prime men were (lain, Lott cr a ioxccd to furrender ; many alfo of
the T<7//<j»j were llain : the King efcaped narrowly from being taken;
this Battel was fought Augufix. Tillies Viftory was greater then his
Booty, for he durft n6t venture too far in the purfuit, becjufe he feared
Ambufcadoes. Two days after Duke Ermifwick renounceth the Afibcia-*
ixowci Saxor,-}^ and furrendersall Br«»p»i4 to Cefar, Tilly underftanding'
thsit W9lferCjt, whither the King retreated in his flight, was ftrongly for-
tified, would not befiege it, for fear of lofing too much time, but falls
to taking in of other places. In the interim the King recollcfts his difper-
fed Forces, and provides another Army for a frefh encounter with T/^y,
20 The Vtusrien and Mansfitldhsiv'ing joyned their Forces, which confifted
of 1 6000, brake in upon Silejia^ whom Bichman followed, but could doe
no good, becaufe the Silejians by reafon of his violence , Were alienated
from him; therefore divers places fubmit to the Yinarkit: and now
Mansfield being encouraged by the addition of Gahors Forces, and the mar. ^^^ ^
r\3ige of Katfjcrin oi Brandtbnrg^ marchethintoJjIflMvi^j and truftingto
the Turks aid, being animated by one of the Baffais, enters Hu/^ary. Thi-
ther Fridland being fent with an Army, is repulfed at Neutra, by the
Turks, and hath divers doubtful encounters with Mansfield -^ who fea-
ring fome coUufion between Fr^<f/a»^ and the Traaffhaffiapt^ refolvcs to
OQ go for Fenice, withthechoiceftof hismen; the reft of his Army he de-
livers to the Vinaritn. But in his journey he fell fick of the bloudy flux,
zt Bofnia^ (its thought he was poifoned ) and there died. The Finarien
alfo grieving that the TM»/5'/^'4»/4« had fain off to Cefar, died fuddenly,
the 52 year of his age. In Moravia the Bores rife againft Count /^fr^rr/-
dcrf^ forabufingthem, theyfirft flung ftones at him, then they fall
upon his guard of 1500 men, and killed moft of them, then they take
in divers Towns, and the mean while Petition Cf/i»" for a free enjoyment
of the Gofpel. At laft they grew fo fl:rong by the confluence thither, of
the baniflicd Gentry, and others that had fuffered in thefe Wars, that
^othey became Mafters of all y^ufiria, above Otnm. But their Vidorics
made a ftop at Lint^um, for they could not keep off cither provifion or
men from the Bavarian Army. At length they were fo prclTed upon by
Herhersderff^BrtKner^ and Lohel,and encompafled by their Forces, that they
fubmitted and flung down their Arms. But (hortly after being incenfed
by the cruel punifhments, which many of them fuffered, and the burn-
ing of their Houfes by the Duke of tiolfatia's Regiments, they fall upon
them betimes in the morning, difperft, and kill above 4000. They de-
feat the ^avariais divers times , fome of whofe Captains they killed.
L(^el and Brenner are beat to pieces by the heores iron cudgel^, and above
-Q 20CO men were deftroyed. Cefar being much troubled at thcfc difafters,
promifeth liberty of Religion to the Aujlrians^ and by his Proclamati-
ons at Prague, calls home the 'Bohemians that Were baniftied for their con-
icience. Afterward whilft thefe Scores labour to bring othiers into their
fociety, they fall to quarrelling and deftroying each other, till Poppen'
htim came upon them with a Brigade of 8000, difperf§s,kilspand deflroys
Hhh " them*
^58 The Second Tart of the Book. VL
An.Chrifii them ; lome clcaped, and fome were taken and refer ved for publick pu-
'-'"V'-vi nifttnent.
Mean while the Wars remove from the Gri/Jw to the French, whof:ll
out among themfelves about matters of Religion, ^arharintts the Cardi-
nal perfwades the frwcA King to make Peace with Spain ^ and that the
r^/r.//»beleftin depefito with the Pcfe, and that a Paflage in the Gf//tf»/
Straits, be opened for both Kings. But the Venetians and Saveyen were
at enmity with the Cenuoif. The French and £«g///fc fall out about fend*
ing away Qiieen Maries Priefts, which hindred the pay promifed to the
King of D<»/w4f i i to witj 140000 Joachims monethly from the £/;^///fc, lo
and 100 ihoufand Crowns from the Frtneh , yet the King not willing to
'be a meer fpedator of the German mifery, gathered again 6000 Foot,and
40ooHorfe, and fuddenly aflaults Hwa, which he took, though he was
fhot through the arm with a Bullet. Chriftian 5. Prince oi Denmark, haft-
nethprovifionintoi\r/fm^«r^; then the King goeth into tiolfAtia, where
he calls a Diet at Redenshtt 'g, about continuing the War. Rant^vius the
Vice Duke, promifeih his beft afliftance. Chriftianus ThomAus^n fent Em-
bafladorinto Be/^/«iwand France, but is taken by the way, andfet at
liberty again by Ijdella. He obtains from the confederate hel^idos
fome Forces for the Dane. The King had exhauHed a great Treafure,
and borrowed large fums of his people , in maintenance of this war, 20
which tended both to the defence of Denmark and Saxtay, Mean while
the Vice-Duke died, whofe Funeral the King in his own perfon honou.
i$ij red : Then he builds Forts upon Vi fur git an4 AlbU^to keep ofFprovifions
from Ttttf, whofe men offering to take the Rawpiers, are beaten off with
lofs. George Lunihurg takes Erandekerg by dorm. S lamersderff poSeffeth
the Black Friars Church in Havelberg, and fortifieth it 5 from thence he
killed with Mufquet fhot above 40oo.TheMarquefs of Dwy/rff, and old
Turren whom the Venetians honourably difcharged , now the Italian War
being almoA ended, are entertained by the King -, the Country of Lun^'
hnrg 13 pitifully wafled by the royal ScCefarian parties,burningeach others 30
Corn j and almofl through all Germany, there was nothing but wafting,
plundring, and murthering '•> fo that the three Ecclefiaflick Eledors den-
red peace, before Germany be totally ruined. The Boots of Bruofwick^
rob and defVroy about the Hyrcinian Woods, whom the Cefariam defeated.
Nirtheim IS (vLTreBdred^une 17. Mean while the TiSians arc pinched for
want of provifions, by reafon the Rivers AlhU^Wifttrgis, and HavlU were
guarded by the Danes : Therefore liBy to open a way, marcheth towards
Alhis, takes in fome places by the way. About the end of ^uly, whilfi:
the King is at the Diet of Rtdensburg , Tilly obferving the neglcft and
paucity of the Watch upon Albis, before break of day , Ferries over 40
a Company of foldiers, with as great filence and privacy, as could be,
when he perceived the Watch did not ftir. He fends over another
Company, the Watch awaked, which feeing one Company coming,
and another already Landed, they out of fear run away, and withall •
affright Betizenburg, near to which Town were divers praetorian co-
horts, who inftead of cncountring with the Enemy, falls to plundring
of their friends, fo that without refiftance, Tilly paffeth over with his
whole Army, and withall feizeth upon the Bridge, which the Dane had
built 5 fo all that Country on this fide of Alhu,hecomes a prey to the Ce-
farlans. In Holfatia alfo a controverfie arofe between the King and his ^
fitters fon Duke Frederick, who fearing the florm that was coming on his
Country ,and underftandingthat TiBies Army was got over, repairs fpec-
dily to him to make his peace. All that he could obtain,was this,that if he
would forfake the K. his Country 8c friends fhould fare the better, which
promife was fcarce performed. la
i
Cliap;!^. Htfloryof theJVorld, ^59
InStleJia. Cefar having pacified Bethleem GJhor^thc Danes could look tor no An.Chrifii
aid tbcncc, butvvhntthcy Ihould getby the fvvord. Therefore /r/i//jWfei- '--^"V""^
zeth upon divers Towns and Forts^ Him Count LMerodius^ and Bechman fol-
low, with 7000. A hot sk'irmifh enfueth, in which the Da?ies had the better,'
but when the Polonian Foot,and Croats were come to aid the Cefariam^Baudifi-
uf with his Regiments, betake them to their heelSjUpon which the prifoncrs are
ixlt^aicd.'FrandL'bttr^^ wfhcth the I>.j»cV to be gone, who having got the Ifle
i',e/<j,took Or pping at Grotenbrod : and now about the end of Aiigufi, FridLind
joyns with Tillyyind Ltmeberg^ who by the River Jljfria brake in Upon Storma'
10 ria •, the Holjat/ans who had feated thcrtifelves near Hamburg upon the confines
o'c Albis, return home. Hamburg vid.\x\\\tt\\ the Cefar ian Qz.m^.Y'iom Hamburg
they march to Pipperiberg, a Caftle in Storntaria, where Till'j was dangeroufly'
wounded with a Mufquet bullct,yct took the Caftle, by realon its powder was
fpent.Therc were not in Stormaria above 3 Towns that could hold out a while,
ind in Hif Ifati a orAv Redensburg-^ fo that the ftrength oiHoifatia confiftcd in the
Marchian and Sile^ian Troops,moft of which were gone from their own homes
to Derimark^\\olland^FriJlarid^Lubec)\amburg.z.x\d thofe of other places .Thofe
of Jl/^rc/^/ii had neither powder,nor(hot,nor hearts to fight", yet che Wolfattan
Horfe,;md the Scots Foot,fought ftoutly,t:ll they Were cut off. The K. ot Deri-
ve /Hark finding Gods judgments fo heavy againft him,3nd his people,cairfed a faft
for g days-, befides daily prayers and fupplicationstol>e had tnrough his two
K ngdoms . In the interim at Rendensburg the Enemy received fomc lofs;the K,
r' be ng forfakcn by moft,betook himfelf into F/<7»M,he permits the town to make
an honorable fur render. The Caftle of ^redettberg held out a great vvhile,to the
lofs of 400c of the Enemies-, at la ft its taken by ftopm, and the whole Garifon
f ut to the fword by Yridland. Marfia and ^ut:a. are expofed to pillage,not only,
of the Enemy, but even of their own Countiy m<n , which made moft of the
Gentry take (hipping , and remove farther into tycnmark, or elfe to Norrvny 5 ,
thinking it fafer and more honorable'to forfake^eir houfcs and lands,thcn their-
Allegiance and confcience. They only ^rieved at this, that they were conque-.
50 red before they fought,and baniftied before they took arms. The country there-
abouts with the Diocefs oiSrem , fubmit and deli^ei- up their Cislours to Tilly,
a whole viftdries are ftopt upon the (hoar of Fioriia .-"Stada which was ftoullv;
K^ defended by Sir Charles CKorgar2^\^as-§QV want of' food delivered up to Tilly i6z9
m the 2 5 (y^Kyipril. Niemburg by theTClngs pcrmiflion is ciclivcred up to the D.
P ofLmxburg. The Cefarians labour toperfwade the Hans Towns to joynwith
Cefar and the Spa>fiard^a^3.in(i DinmarKt, but chey-knowing howi powetful the
K. of Denmark was by Sea, did wifely decline fudh art Union, yet fliewed their
readincfs t6 ferve Cefar againft Denrnark and Holfatia , by carying to them all , -;-, j
Kind of jjixjvifiori, and performing fuch offices as they were injoined : yet fome
40 Hans TdWrts', either iiiyeigled by promifcs, or affrighted with threatnings^fub-
»mit their necks to the Imperial y oak •, fuch were Roftok^ WifmAria^ and all the
"J* owns C)i Pomerania , except Stralfoftnd, and StePirt^ which with thofi mighty
cities o'iSaxQny^ Lubec^Hawburg^Brmfnxck, Magdeburg, and Brem, retain their
ancient priviledges. Pomerania^Marchia^^nd Eaft i='r//Z4«i, with all the lower
S4.v«?«jr, arc fubjed to heavy Taxes, and domineering foldicrs, Hamburg was
careful to give all content polfible to the Cefarian Army. ^ ^ '''
The King in the Month of Aprils recovers by a ftrong Fleet Femiria,3.rkh
Ifland in ri\c I' altick Sea, having (lain or taken the Garifon confifting of feven
50 hundred. He tikes alfo fome Towns, and faces Wagria -. but «pon the coming
of the Cf/iem;? Army, hc'Teturns with his Fleet into Denmark^ having, put
a Garifon in F^war/4. The Impcrialifts impo'fe a heavy Tax upon Strd-
found '^ whereof though they offered a part, yet a Garifon is put upon them by
;4r«^w« an Imperial Commander. He under pretence of PcacCjlabours un-
3cr-hand to feize \x^QTi'De»holm, but the Townfmen perceiving his treachery,
H h h z prefently
^6 o The Secon d Tart of the Book. VI .;
4H\€hrifii prcfently feize themCelves of the place, and infiil upon a new agreement. At
-'*<"'\r-^ laft^ not being able of themfelvcs to refift his ftrength , they admit inta their
Town the I>am(}) Auxiliaries •, by thefe they ftoutly refiftcd all his aflaults,and
flew many of his naen. Helk the Commander of the i><t»//fc Auxiliaries, un-
derftanding, that Arnheim had been tampering with fome to betray the town
to him, he caufeth Letters to be fcnt, intimating to Arnheim what hower, and
into what place he fhould come. Arnheim not knowing his plot , was dcte-
ded , came at the hower appointed , when the Townfmen broke out upon
him and drove him back to his great lofs. They alfo fprung a Mine under
his works, which they blew up with many of his men. Hoik beino one day jo
abfent at a Wedding, the Senate had almoft yeildcd to furrender the Town ;
which he undcrftanding, returns and breaks off the Treaty, as foon as it be-
om •, which the Town was the more willing to break off, bccaufe a Fleet of
Daucs was now in fight of them. In one night during this fiege, there were
5 feveral aflaults upon the Town- works, by Fridlmds whole Forces, and fo
many repulfes % prefently the King with his two fons , Prince Chrijiian and
Duke Frederick^ came to relieve Hoik. Whereupon FridUnd broke off the
fiege, leaving his Works for the -D<t»fi to pofTefs-, who in a fhorttime took
divers places, fo that Pomeranix now was in hope of liberty, till the 22 o^ A»-
^tfi^ when YridUnd routed the Kings Army, and flew 400 of them* Upon
this the King, with the remainder oi his Army, takes (hipping and returns to 20
Denmark^ and J'r/W/rfW to the fiege •, this being the third year finceit began.
At lafl a Garilon of the Stvedes^i'i, admitted into the Town by the perfwafion of
Oxinfiern ChznctXom oi SvpedUnd^ who for that end was fent mto Denmark.
Tychopelis is ffoiitly defended by Rant^viui -, but the Forts on the River
Store, which the French carelcfly loft to ihe^Cefarians, fo kept off all provifi-
ons, that the Town Cremtts, after 1 3 months fiege, was furrcndrcd by Alefel.
dim the Governour, to FridUnd, upon teaims of fafety for himfelf, the townf-
men and Garifonv But!rytr/'o/'<?fenotwithftandingthc plague was in it, held
out fo long , thai in a ihort time YridUnd loft above three thoufand of his
men, and was fain at laft tQ burn his Huts, and raife the fiege. 3^
The Cefariutns Attguft 18., are beaten at Colmaria, where they loft many
men, befidcs a thoufand wounded, i In Stormariay^dDithmarfia, all places
S,v^ " far and. near, are wafted by the Iniperial Garifons there. A ftrangc thing
fell out at It:{eh •, the Gate of the Monaftery which the Cefariam took,
flew open, with a terrible jipife and clamour in the night. The plundred
Oxen kept there, were fuddenly fttlangled, their necks being turned round,
their horns faflned in the ground .
162$ In the 29 year of this Century^ the Danijh King held a Diet at Hafnia^zbout
reforming the Church Difcipliiie, and making Peace with the Empcrour.
For this caufc EmbafTadorsapefcnttoXtf^^f. The Cefarians atfirft would 4°
treat with them no other ways, then with a conquered people, but theEm-
baffadors flood upon the honor of the King and Kingdom. Five months were
fpent in Debates 5 in which time the D^wm had raifed an Army, and rigged
out a ftrong Fleet , with which they took the Iflc Stranda , with fome otncr
places. Hereupon FridUnd and Tilly fend to their Deputies , who were at
the Treaties of Luhec , to haften the Peace , for feare of greater mif-
chiefc. A Peace then is concluded , in which Cimbria Slefvigia, , Hol-
fatia, and all Hereditary places, belonging to the Helfatian, taken from
him in thefe laft Wars, are reftored to the Dane. The Kin» renoun--^
ceth all the other Provinces of the Saxons. The day before tne Peace
was made, Wilftria is taken by the Danes^ who by a meffenger fent from the
King, are commanded to lay down Arms. The news of Peace was joyfully
welcomed by the people, and folemn thanks given to God 5 efpccially by the
Vithmarfians, who the year before, ftrove to vindicate their liberty , but
could
Chap.ip. Htfiory of the World, 4,61
could not •, for finding no end of their exadions, and other preflures, in a rage An. thrijli
took Arms, bioke in upon 4"omcGarifons, and killed above an hundred of ^-"'"'V^-^
them. The Country people rifing , flew many of the Cefarians ^ which
brought greater mifery and fervitude upon them^ for the inraged foldicr
hac.kt fome, drowned others, and (hot divers with poifoned bullets,by which
they were tortured to death. They were glad then to be eafed of fuch cruel
Matters, but forry that the Saxons., Po?ncraniafts^ and MegapoUtans^ for whofe
defence they took Arms, did not enjoy the fame happincfs of Peace -, for the
Megapolitan Lands were taken from Adolphns , Frederick^ and ^'ohrt Albert^
ic brothel s, and depofited in the hands of f r/V/ZW at firft^ but now their in-
heritance is taken away, as if thofe brothers had been guilty of Treafon, for
joyning their Forces and Councel with the Dane againft Cefar : but they
made it appear, they entred into League with tlie Dane, for defence of 54a:-
ony only , and withall that they fhewed their obedience to Cefar ^ by lea-
ving the Dane , when by the Empcrours Letters , they were called away.
The Proteftants were much troubled about Cefars Ediii, whereby he reftores
to the Roman Catholicks all Lands withheld and taken from them, fince
the ti'anftvflion of Paffavia^ that is 75 years.
The Hollanders feized upon 22 Spanifh fliips belonging to the Plate Fleets and
2c ioaden with American wealth •, thefe they fpoiled,and brought with them into
/f<?i7Wfo much plate and other things, as was efteemed worth aro talents
of Gold. This lofs diftieartned the Spanijh foldiers, as much as it encouraged
die HelUnder. The Prince of Orange layeth ficge to Sylva Dw^, or Hertogert-
hofch^ by the French called Bulduc.^ which had been often heretofore attemp-
ted in vain •, but now after 4 months fiege, it was fain to yeild to the PrinCe,
but not till fome of the Gates were blown up by Mines. It was furrendred
upon honourable tearms about the beginning of September. A little before
this, Vefalia a rich and potent Town upon the Rhene., was taken by the Hol-
/W«r, with one thoufand two hundred Foot, and eight hundred Horfe in the
^Q night. Some bold fpirits fwimmcd over the Moat, get into the Fort not yet
finifhed, and kill the watch •, then they broke open tne Gates , and let in the
foldiers. Xtf/i;?«»theGovernour,beinofuddcnly furpriied, was fain to deli-
ver up the keys. The Townfmcn who had been dif-armed before , and were
angry with the Spaniards for abridging their liberty of confcicnce, did not at
all aitifl the Garifon. There was taken much wealth •, the foldiers were dif-
mifled, but the chief Commanders detained prifoncrs. In ^ttne^Ueinvfho
fozed on the Plate Fleet, had a Sea fight with the Dmkarkers , in which he
loft his life by a Bullet, but got the Vidory, which not he, but his Country
injoycd, ■■■■y-
40 The Magdehurgers having ftudicd to plcdfe the Cefarians in the Saxon War^
and permitted the bones oiNorbert an ancient Arch-Biihop , to be taken out
of ms Tomb, and caricd to Prague 5 yet they were wronged by the Cefarian
foldiers , who feized on their Farms and Villages near the Town , and are kept
offfromall provifion, even from the benefit of the River -^/^sr. Hereupon
fome of the Townfmen in a rage bring away into the Town iome Veffels laden
with Corn , and put to flight the Croat Thieves, which were driving away
the Town-Cattle. Hence arofe a War, though unknown to Cefar., as that
was of Stralfemd : Magdeburg is befieged, Fridland commands them to re-
ceive a Garifon , adding high threatnings •, but they behaved themfelvcs fo
jcftoutly, and killed fo many Cefarixn by (allies, that by the intervening of
ibme Princes and Cities, the D uke was quickly p3cified,and the City reftored
10 her liberty. Stralfound ftrives alfo to defend her freedom , though fhc was
much weakned by fickncfe. Hat:^eU makes an attempt upon the City , but is
beat off again with lofs. The King of iipciw having obtained divers Vi<fto-
rics againft the Polander^ at laft concludes a Peace for fix years with his Uncle,
he
^6z The Second Tan of the Book.VL
A».chrijti he had the year before fubducd Nervburg , and Strajsburg , with Leather Ord-
^-^^■sT-^^ nance, the invention ot" one £//^j T'n/'^f. The Po/^Wfr recovered Nervburg^
but was beat from the ficge of Straisburg by Oxenfiern the Chanccllcr , and
from Meve by the King himfelf .■ For peace-fake the Srvede rcftores to PoUnd^
Strakbur^g^ Dirfavia,^ and Frmberg, but retains what he had got in Livonia^
:ind BoruJJia •, fome Towns were left in the hands of Br^tndeburg , as it were in
defofito -, fo an offenfive and defenfive peace is made about the end of this
year 1629. The Holianders take divers places from the enemy ^ and drive the
Spaniards out of Felavia : They take alfo Farnnwbuck in Brafil ^ with much
bootie , and defeat the Spaniards at Mulheim , whofe Commander Johannes 10
Na([ovim was mortally wounded.
Qharls Duke of Nivtrn about this time, by the death o^Vincentius his coii-
fin Qerman^ takes polTcffion of Mantua, by right of conlanguinitie , and by
will alfo , but without Cefar's knowledge , who is Lord of the Fee. The
Spaniard and Savoy eft Storm at this, who have had old quarrels with the
Dukes of Mamua about Monsferrat •, fo the old Fadions between France and
5^/riw are renewed. The Savoj en tzkes the Spaniards ^:\.rt. Genua in the in-
terim is full of inteftin plots and treaciicries , which lighted heavy at laft upon
the contrivers : To Mantua s fide are joyned the Venetians^ the Viceroy of 5/'-
cily and Naples ^ with the Vice Duke of iWi//4»- thcfe troubles were attended 20
on by terrible Earth-quakes in yi///// J, which devoured above 1 7000 people,
there were alio prodigious innundations and blood gufhing out of fprings.
Gdjall the chief City of the Marquifat of Monsferrat was by Confalvus
Vice Duke of MiHan ftreightly befieged , till he was forced to rife thence by
the innundation of Fo, having loft above doco of his men 5 the Mantuan'xs
content to refer his caufe to Qefar . conditionally arms be laid down on both
fides: This was rejeded by the Spaniard^ who could not endure that the
French fhould have any footing in Italy : And by the Savoyen alfo, who had
obtained almoft all CMomferrat. Upon this Nivtrn fupported by France ,
goeth on more coragioufly : Meanwhile the Grifons fubmitto the Auflrians^ 3<^
flighting the Swit'^ers friendfhip, at which they were offended ^ but afterward
pacified by the Crijons Agents , Ihewing that Cdfar a6ted nothing that was
prejudicial to the ancient league. Merodius was Gencrall of the Imperial for-
ces-, whicli went from the Grifons to CMonsferrat , but the Plague confumed a
jg50 third part of them ^ yet recruits came daily out of Germany , by which they
fubdued a great part of Mantua , and befieged the City it felf i, but the Citi-
zens being ftrengthned by the Venetian Auxiliaries , made a fally upon the C*-
/drM»/,of whom they killed about3ooo,fo for that time the lieg was raifcd.But
returning afterward in^Pw/y, they tooVManttta for the Emperor , after that the ,^
French King had fubdued ^rfi'tfjrrThc Plague at this time raging throughout all
'Franfyhanianpontbcdcithof Gabor^ fecmcs to be more inclined to the
Sultan, ihenio C^Jar. Jhc French , Engltfh, znd Hollander , urgeearneftly
for the reftitution of the Palatin . The Belgian Forces increas ftiU , and in-
croach more and more upon Germany. The Swede is angry with the Cafari-
ans , for making war upon him ^ therefore by his Manifeftofliews , he hath
juft caufe to invade Germany : He inhibits ail importation of viduals into the
Sea-Towns ofPomerania and Megapolis, being poffeffed by the C<efarian Sol-
diers. At Dantfick, a Treaty for peace was begun , but before the AmbalTa-
dors could meet, .it was broke off : The Famin in Pomerania and Rugia , was
alfo great, that fome like Caniballs fed on mensflefh. Whilft things were 5®
in this condition, the Srvedijh .King enters upon Rugia, having defeated in fome
battels the C<e/<i.*-74« Forces , and Garrifons .• Then having feifed on fome
Ports, witli his fleet comes to Stetin •, tiie Governor delivers up the Town to
him, complaining how PemeKania, had fuffered by the Cefarian Soldiers , ta-
king
Chap .20. Hiflory of the JVorld, ^61,
king no care of the fafety of thofe that were under them. Cejar drove Prd- Am Chrifti
teftanifme out of Bohemia , Aujiria, Moravia , Glogovia , many Principal!- *-/'^/'Vl
ties of Silefia^ Stiria , Carinthia, Croatia, ^uliers, Cleve , Grifons ; Savare
doth the hke in both Palatinats. The Spariiard hzVing deluded King ^ames^
retains Frankinthal to himfelf j which was depofitat in the hands of Jfabd^
ArchdutchclTe ; thence Calvinifme is baniflied , and Manheim deftroyed.
The Towns of ^uliers^ Weftfhalia, and the Grifons under the Spaniard^rcccWt
Poperic •, The Lutherart Cities are fpoyled and plundred by Cefar^ Epifco-
pall rights poflTcfled by the Proteftant Princes many years, are demanded by
10 the firft owners -. A way is niaking for creating Firdinand 5 ', King of thd
Romans , he being Cefar's eldeft fOn by his Lady Mary of Bavaria ^ and tvfd
years befdie this was Crowned King of H^w^itry znd Bohemia. Cefarso^
ther fon Leopold is made Bifbop of Magdeburg^ Qhrifttanus Gulielmns being
thruft out. In this diftcmpered condition was Germany , when the King of
Sweden czmt iniok.
The King of Denmark had 5 fhips in the River i^lbis , or JElvt , which
with the great Ferrie-Boat , vverefeifed upon by the Hamburgers , preten-
ding that the King had begun to exa<5tancw Cuftom at Tychofolis from the
Sea-men, trading in that River, which they held to be theirs by ancient right?
2 o whereas indeed tne t)ukes of HolCaiia are Matters of that River, as Princes of
the Empire^ and Lords of Hamburg : The King alfo declares that he impofed
no Tribute or Cuftom upon Ships, but required fatisfaiSion for the hurt done
by the Hamburgers againft all right , upon the Holfatians , by eJcading a new
Exciie for vendible commodities and viduals. Shortly after this , the King
foughts 3 battels on (^Ibis with the Hamburgers^ in which he had the viclorVj
and drove them out of that River, the benefit whereof they had kept 4 months
from the Tychopolitans, *
^O CHAP. XX.
A continuation of the Affairs of Turky, Pcrfia, iSgypt, Greece, Armenia, ani
0 ther adjacent parts under Mahumet 1% Amurath 2\ Mahumet 2"*, Baiazec
and Selymus, from tie year 141 2, till 1 520,
E have clearly fliewed that B^/-j«^nhe T«r^, whom 7'^- I4ti
merlan overthrew , had 5 fons , fome fay 6 •, and fomc
but two .• However , the Hiftories record they deftroy-
ed one another, the laft furviver was Mahumet 1% who ia
a battel defeated his brother CMoyfes or Mufa^ drov^
him into a bogg , where he hid himfdf awhile , at laft
found him out and ftrangled him 5 this Mahumet made a!
j||. perpetuall peace with the Creeks , by whofe ajGfiftance he obtained the Empire.
W ■ He impofed a Tribute on the Trdnfylvaniatt , in his war with the Venetians for
P the Iflands of the ^onian Sea, he was worfted , aiid forced to part with Lamp'
* facum. The fr-«//if^/4w were defeated by him , he regained many places taken
by Tamerlan. Adriannoclis the chief City of Thracia was his feat.
To him fucceeded Amurath the i^, fon to Mahumet : His chief card was to i4l»
fupprefsthe Chriftians-, but i\\z^y\antws to hinder his proceedings, take
50 Mttflapha his Uncle out of prifon in Lemnos , where he had been kept by the
Greeks^ after his efcape out of his brothers prifon, and furntfli him with an Ar-
my : But in his incounter with Amurath^ he ^^ras deferted by the Turks, who
revolted to hmurath ^ fo be fell alive into his enemies hand, by whom he was
ftrangled, the 3<' year after he had raifed this war : Upon this bad fucccfs the
Gr^e^j Petition for peace, which being refufed by Amurath^ they fend for
Mufiapha
^]^7 The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
An.ChnJtt Mufiafha his brother, now 13 years old , and an exile in Ctlicia under the tuiti-
--^"^v"^^ on of Alihdms Baffa , to whole care he was committed by his father Mahumet,
The Cfeeh having furoiflied him with an Army , he takes Nicea, of Bithyma,
where he was betrayed to AmurAth by his Guardian , and then ftrangled :
Thcfe competitors being gone, Amur at h refolves to be revenged on the Creeks
their abettors •, having therefore overrun Thracia , and taken the remainder of
thofc Towes which belonged to the Greek Emperor,he layeth ficge to Thejlalo-
wV^committed to the Venetian care and protection , which he takes by ftorm
and utterly defaces ; prefently upon this, he fubdues with incredible celerity,
Phocis^ Attina^ioeotU^Adtolia, Acannmia^ and the whole Countrey from Pelo- jp
tonnefuf to Corinth, ^ohn Cajtriot did then rcigne in that part of Macedon
which lieth upon the Adriatick, at this day known by the name of Alhania • he
confidering his own weaknefs , and the Turks ^reatnefs, makes his peace , by
delivering up the Town Croia , and giving for iioftages his 3 Ions -, Conjian-
tin, Refofim^ and George^ who for his comely perfbnage, and other excellent
parts, was in high account vf ith Amur at h ^ who gave him the befl breeding
Turky could afl'ord , and called him Scandorbei^ or Scanderbeg^ that is , Alexan-
der the. gK2X -^ before he was fcarce fit to bear Arms , he is imployed againft
Carmanntu the Cilician^ which war he managed with great dexterity,and with-
all, killed two of the chief Combattants , who provoked him to a Ducll : ao
The one was a Scythian Foot-man, the other a Pcrfian Horfe-man , relying on
the Turks favour, upon the newes of his Fathers death , he Petitions Amurath
for his ancient Inheritance , which was granted him. But George ^o\hin\g
the lurk was not reall, makes an efcapc into Efirtts , where by counterfeit
Letters he gets Croiay with other places of Eprus and Macedon. For many
years toeetner he fo defended his Dominions againft Amur at h^ and Mahttmeti
that ftill lie defeated the 7'»r^//^ Armies. * Amurath having fubdued partly,
and partly wafted lUyrus^klhama^ and Bofna^ marcheth againft the BulgarianSy
Walachians^ and Servians , upon hopes to fubdue Hungary. George Deffot of
Servia humbly Petitions hmurath for peace , proffering his daughter to him 30
in marriage, which he accepts , and makes peace 5 which fhortly after he
breaks, and drives him out or his Kingdome,taking from him his chief towns,
and his two fons , whofe eye-fight he barbaroufly put out 5 by holding near
them a hot burning brafs bafon : George flyeth into Hungary to Albert of A<»-
firia^ who having raifed an Army died of a diflcnterie : Hungary being full
of inteftin broyls, calls in Laudijlaas of Poland. The Turk fets upon Belgra-
da^ but is beat off with great loifrc.
Amurath by his two Baffais wafts the places about Belgrada^ and makes in-
cur fions into Tranfylvania; boththefe were defeated and cutoff by ^obrt
Hunniades ^ who recovered a good part of Scrviaznd z\\ Moldavia. The 40
Turk alfo is beat in Panonia, fo that he is forced to fue for peace, and to rcftore
George Defpot of Servia. Then he marcheth againft Carmannm in Cilieia, but
is called back into I.urop upon the breach of the 10 years peace by Ladijlam^
who by the perfwafion of Julian the Cardinall, in the Turks abfence had inva-
ded his Europian Dominions : The Chriftian Army was defeated , and Ladi-
Jlaus{[iin, as we have already faid. Amurath ip\:£tu\) with this ViiSlory ,
marcheth into Peloponnefus , to be revenged on the Greeks who animated X^t-
diflaus againft him, there he breaks down the ftrong wall Hexamilium^hailt by
the Greeks and Fenetians^wiih 5 Caftles on it,to divide this Ijlhmt^s (6 miles of
length between the two feas ) from the main land of Greece. The Empe- 59
rors brother of By^ntium^with his whole Army appointed to guard this wall,
are overthrown by the Turk. After this Confiantin Paleologus the Greek Em-
peror, repaired this wall, which fhortly by command from Amurath , he
pulls down again. Here divers Forts and Towns arc taken by the Turk , who
upon a Petition for peace , made the Countrey tributary , and withdrew his
Army
II
Chap .20. Hiftory of the IVorld, 4.65
Army thence to their winter-quarters. George Cafiriot fo manfully maintained An. chrijii
the Efirotick war and his fathers patrimony againft Amiirath, that during tfes c^^V'VJ
fpace, he overthrew feaven feverall armies fent thither under the command
of fo many BafTaies , and at laft forced Jmurath himfelf , who had
Beleagucrcu Cioia with a formidable army , to raife h's fiege , having loft
multitudes of his Tttrks. After this difufter they write that Amttrath vow-
ed a folitary life , with a few Priefts in a Cave o^ Bithynia^ where he gave
himfelf to Contemplation , committing the care of his Doiriinions to
Halt Baffai. But, he was quickly called off from his Contemplation by
10 1-J urn iiJcs and Scanderbeg • The one having raifed a vaft Army of Hun-
garians , Bohemians , and Germans to repay the lofs of Chrifiians at
Varna -, The other had fubducd all Macedonia , and reftored to Bbfna^
Rafcia , and I/lyrii^ their Defpots , and thrown out the Turk's Garrifons ,
which Plunder Jlljrimm and Ijiria^ to the affrighting of Venice. George that
pcrfideous Defpotoi Servia , forgetful! of the help Hungary afforded him ,
betrays all the Counfells of Huniades to the Enemy , fo that by this means
hcloft two battels, yet was ftrangelypreferved himfelf ^ for being taken by
two Turks 5 he killed one , and made the other fly •, and when he was inter-
rupted by the fame George , he was reflored by him to the Hungarians ,
2 0 which occafioned a new war between the Turk and him-, but Huniades to fiiew
his gratitude , came and alfifted him when he was almoft defeated , and obtai-
ned a fignall victory over the Turks. Afterward in Epirus^ Amurath received
fo many lolTes, that he fell melancholy andfick, then being removed from
the Camp to Adrianopolif , he became mad , andfo died, having reign-
ed thirty two years, and lived feventy five» He was the firft of the Ottomans i ^50
that inftitutcci the Pratorian Guard after the example of the Macedonion Pha-
lanx : This Militia as xhcMamalucks of Egypt , was made up of Chriftian
children taken violently from their parents , brought up in the Turkijh difci-
pline and fuperftition , and forced to renounce Chriftianity , by receiving
30 circucmifion •, thefe the Turks call Janizaries, they guard the Sultans perfon :
At firft they were but 80c o armed with arrows and fpears, now they are al-
mofl double that number, and their arms are tnufquets .
He left behind him three fons, Mahmnet;, Turfm^ and Calepiff, Mahumet hz-
ing fpeflator himfelf,made Ji/<y(/"« Baffai choakT»r/?«( being but 18 months
old) in the water, when the child's mother cried but upon the barbarous Ty-
rant , uttering many curfes againft him , he to pleafe this his ftcp-mother,
delivers into her hand the author of this paricide bound t, fhe in the prefence
of the Tyrant, thrufl a knife into his heart , and ripping up his body^ pulls
out his liver , which fhe flung to the doggs : Amunuhes had committed Cale-
^of^w his third fon , to Hali BafTai, a man of great efteem with him: Mahu'
met caufed the childe delivered up to him by Hali^ to be ftrangled. Afterward
Hali himfelf was ftranged , being firft tortured by LMahumet^ upon pretence
that he held corefpondencie with the Chriftians ^ but indeed he was exceffive-
ly rich, which is crime enough to a covetous Prince. Some think that this
Calepin whom Mahumet Vdkd , wasfuppofititious, and notthefon of Amu^
rath , who was conveyed to By^mium , and from thence where it was taken ,
to Venice , thence to Rome by the Order of Pope Calixtus ^ who caufed him
to be baptized , to take a Chriftian name , and to be inftrudcd in Chriftian
doctrin •, afterward he went to Frederick the Emperor, who ufed him honora:
5obly: The reft of his life he fpent in ^«/?r/<«. ■ :... .^
Mahumet then the fecond , began his reigne with parricid , after thecxam-
ple of his Anceftors , and continued in his barbarous cruelties •, his mother
who was the Defpot of Servia s daughter -, had inftnided him in the Chrifti-
an faith , but he ad hered more to Mahumet xni [me :^ at la ft turned -plaia Athcift^
fcoHing at providence, and acknowledging n o other deitie but good luck : He
I i i was
A ^6 The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
-4«.C/&r//?/ was moft addidlcd to Militarie parts 5 and firft of the Ottomans that made
Ly'^Oi^ life of fea-fights , and fhips of war , by which he ftrove with Venice for
command of the fca 5 his firft and moft terrible warhck exploit wastliata-
gainft Conflantinofle^ which after fifty four days ficge he took the 2pof
Maj : Within the walls bcfides the Townes-people, there were but fix thou-
fand <7r^fir Soldiers , and three thoufand Venetian and Cenuan AuxiHaries ;
-wWxc^s, Mahumets army confifted of four hundred thoufand men, moft of
which were gathered out of the Chriftian Territories , he affaulted the City
1455 both by land and fca , he made three feverall breaches in the walls, where
the Turks gave furious affaults^but were ftoutly rcfifted by the Chriftiaiis , till jq
they were overpowrcd with multitudes : The Turk had brought out of the
Aegean and Euxin fcas two hundred and fifty fliips , to block up the har-
bour againft thefe feaven fliips of Genua , three of Crete , and fome of Chios
wereimployed : The Harbour alfo was chained againft the Turkifh Fleet;
which the Chriftians fet on fire and fb fpoyled , tnat it was ufelcfs a great
while , till by main ftrength the chain was burft , and fo the Turks got
within tlie Harbour , and battered the walls on all fides. The Tyrant ftood
upon a hill hartl by , exhorting his men to be couragious ; and fending fome
Troops of his own Guard toflayfuch as were faint-hearted, promifingthat
he who did firft venture upon the breaches , ftiould have command of the
oreateft Province in Europe , and if the City be taken , the Soldiers fliould 20
Kave the pillaging of it for three days .• And withall he threatens death to
any that did turn their backs : Oliahumet had provided great battering pie-
ces of brafs , one whereof was fo big , that it could not be drawn but by
70 yoke of Oxen, andacoomen: With thefe Ordnance he played againft
the walls forty days together ; then having injoyned a faft for three days , he
bids them all be ready to live or die together : Confiantin perceiving fmall
hopes of defending the City againft fo great a power , dcfircj a parly , which
was granted, and peace proffered, if he would pay yearly to the Hurkont
hundred thoufand crowns , or clfe prefently furrcnder , and depart with their
goods. Thefe conditions were diflikcdj therefore they fall to battering 30
a<^ain: ^upnianof Genua , who with three hundred ftoutmenfuflainedthe
firft brunt, was forely wounded, fothat he gave back, and with him the
reft alfo •, notwithftanding Confiantin earneftly laboured to have him hold out,
his wound not b:ing mortall : Upon his going away, (by which that Tower
where he ftood was left naked , Confiantin and thofc about him began to
fly-. The lurks perceiving this ) ruftit furioufly into thofe places ; the gates
were fo barricadoed with dead bodies , and the , keyes purpofly
flung away, that few or none could efcape : Faleologus was flain, ortroad
upon in the preffe , ftriving to get out at one gate , where were found eight
hundred dead bodies, ^ufiinian cfcaped to Pera, and thence to Chios ^40
where he died of his wounds and grief together : The Vi(5lorious Turks
race like bloudy Wolves through the City , fparing neither age nor fcx.
The murthers , rapes , plunderings , and infolencies committed , both a-
gainft the living and dead , againft the Pi(fturcs and Images of our Saviour,
and his Saints , and other Monuments of Chriftianitie , arc inexprcflable.
Above fixty thoufand Gentle-women, Matrons, and virgins , were carried
away for flaves. Ifidor the Cardmall who had been fent thither by the
Pope, to reconcile the Greeks to the Homan Church, which he had ef-
feftcd but too late , was taken and folde; yet difguifing himfclf fliortlyjo
after made an efcape.
' Pera over againft Sy^ntium , which the Lattins had in pof-
ffeflion , is furrendred to the Turks. Three days after , Mahutnet enters
the Gty, and pacifieth all Tumults : Hec made fcarch for fome
Prime men who had concealed themfcves, thefe he commanded to be cut in
pieces.
G!
U
p.19.
Hijhrj of the World.
\^1
1456
pieces. In their fcafts, they abufed divers matrons and virgins, and then bar- An. chnjli
buroufly miirthcrcd them : This end had that famous City wherein the Go- ~--'^^v~^
ipel flourillied from the firft , to the laft Confimtm , about eleven hundred
and twenty years -^ that light went out, being overwhelmed with M a fmmct an
darknefs, whicli was prefaged by tiiat flame from heaven , lliining one night o-
vcr the City, and the next vanifliing away , as the Turks in their ficge obfer-
ved. Yet Mahumct invited the Chriflians to dwell there, and to ufe their Re-
ligion, for that caufc he confirmed their Patriarch which they had chofen, by
delivering to him the Paftorall ftaff openly : This he did that fo great a City
io might not liedefolate for want of Inhabitants.
Three years after , Muhumtt (but not with the like fuccefs) attempted Sf/-
gTAde, where after tM o days fi^ht he received a wound under the left pap , and
was carried for dead out of the camp, which the Twh loft with all their bag-
gage and Ordnances , befides 40000 of their men flain there •, when he came
to hirafelf , he was fo inraged at this lofs and difgrace , that he would have
murchered himfef : x\fter this he provides to invade the K^egAnn Iflands, but
he was taken off by UjfufKcalfap.es of the Affmbc'utt Family of the Turks, Lord
of Cappadocia and C^rmema , who having lately killed Demorm the Perfidii
King , and feifed on his Kingdome -, puft up with this fuccefs , he fends rich
;o Per fun prcfents , to fliew the fruits of his Vid:ory , to cj^fahumet , and by his
Ambafllidors , defires that the T«r/t would not meddle with 7>4/'e:{«W and
Citpp.idocia^ which he had in marriage by his wife, Defpina, daughter of David
Comni/im. The Tyrant offended that an inferior Lord fliould give him the
Law , and envying his new obtained happinefs , provides an Army both by
land and fea againft him ; A part of bis fleet he fends before to Pontus , and
Syeope towards Trape:{ttnd, and follows himfelf by land ^ he overruns a great
part of AJia with \vonderfull celerity, and before he was dreamed of, pitch-
eth his camp near Ufimca(fanes : Two great battels are fought near Euphrates,
hnmrath Ba(fai the Turks Generally a Greek born , was here killed , and the
50 Turks Forces much weakned ^ but the third battel that Mahumet fought , was
more fuccefsfuU , for in it the Perfians , with the unacquainted noyfe of the
Ordnance were difperfed , and Ufumcaffanes forced to flye, having loft his fon
Zeinald who Was (hot there : Shortly after this Vi<5tory Mahumet fubdues S)-
nope^ and all Piiphlagonia , then he befiegeth both by Sea and Land , "[rape-
T^md the Royall City , and takes it , with the Kings Treafure s King David
In mfelf , his two fons, and Coufin German Calo ^ohames, whom he fent before
to Byzantium , arid there in his triumph cruelly murthcred , and with them tlic
whole race of theC(?/«rtf;?/.Then having of thefeKingdomes made Provinces,hc
fubdues Caramannus^'xnd takes Cilicia from him,thence returned to Bj^antium^
4c by his fleet he takes the Iflands of Lemnus and Zw^«,deftroys the City Mfti-
lene.pA\d tranfplants the Ijlanders. Catalufius Prince of Lesbos a Geman, was
by his command cruelly put to death : Then by his Land Forces , he invades
Dracula^ Prince of Walachia , by whom he was like to have been furprifed
and his Army , but that Mahumet Ba(fai , who fucceeded to Hali Bajfai in Of-
fice and dignity, got off the Army, but with great lofs. Then'having recrui-
ted his Army, he falls upon the upper Myfia^ and Illyricum , and drives Steeven
King of Bpfua out of his Kingdome, and kills him : But this Kingdome was
fhortly after recovered by Mathias Corvinus, with divers other places in Dal-
matia and Croatia , poffefTed by theTurks. Before his AJiatin expedition ,
50 he entrcd Peloponrjefus^ where he took away the Principalitie of the Paleologi
from the two brothers, Thomas and Demetrius.^ being then at variance : Deme-
trius complied with the Enemy , to whom he married his daughter : Thomas
having loft all, fled to if(;»?e- In the interim the r(?wer/^w repair the wall Hex-
amilium , to keep their pofleffions in Peloponnejus from the Turks incurfions;
which he perceiving , breaks in upon them with 80 thoufand men , wafts all
lii 2 the
I45S>
4,^8 The Second Tart of the ^ Book. VI .
An.Chrijti tlie Countrey about defeats \hzTfemtl(ins , takes in the whole Pelepnnefe , and
^"-^"V""^ throwes down the wall •/ fliortly after he cafts the Fenetians out o( Leshosy
having flain 5000 meniior they-hacl lately, recovered it with Lemnw. He takes^
alfo the-Iflc Eubxo from tTiein, hiving made a bridge over Eurypus , then takes
C/&j/wthe3oday afterjtwas befiegcd , the VenetUn Gallies not daring to,
give aiTiftance ,, yvho.liaving the winde favourable , might have feifed on , 01 '
demohflicd the,.bridgV t^e Tyrant being enraged at the lofs of 400CO of his
army flain this ficgc in divers skirmiflics, commanded that all in the Town
above 20 years old, fliould be put to the Sword.
This Tyrant not yet glutted enough with bloud, fends Bomnris and Mdre- x o
cius^ 2 armies into Ddmatia^ Homaris being a Geman by his father, naturally
hated the Venetians. In this invafion Novelltts the Venetian General was flain :
Stiria and Corinthia are not free from the 'Xurks fury. The truce being ended
between Mahimet and Scanderheg •, he fits down before Croia and Scodra , and
after a long fiege, takes them both. Scodra was furrendred by the Venetians,
at which time Solyman Bajfa takes Capha the head City of Boffhorus^znd a Co-
lony of the Qenuois in lauraca Chernfonefiis^ he makes alfo the Pra'copit Tar-
tars (who had thence driven out the Goths) tnbutarys to Mahumet : He cut off
the heads of two Gothijh Princes that were brothers s the refl: of that Nation
aftci\vai:(l)?<i/4:^f^fubdued. Scan deb erghoin^ driven out of his Countrey ,20
went to Italy , where he took part \vith Ferdinand King of Naples againft the
French : After this he died of a Feaver , as he was confulting with the Veneti-
ans about renewing the war againfl: the Turk ^ he died the 6^'^ year of his life :
I4<57 ^" ^^^ death-bed he commended the care of his young Ion ^ohn to the Sc-
mioi Venice. It's recorded of this -Sf 4 W^r^^^ , that out of the vchemency
of his Spirit, ftill when he was going to fight, his lips would cleave and burft
out with blood, he never turned his back, never was wounded , but once in
the foot Vvith. ail arrow: His army never confided of above 3000 foot, and
^000 hor{e •, he killed with his own hand above 2000 men , his ft:rength was
fuch, thatwjth-one blow , he could cleave a man to the H.avil. Machmet be- 3°
ing freed from the fear of Huniades and Scanderheg , having alfo fubducd his
neighbour Princes of Peloponnefus^ My fa and Iliyric'dm , makes peace with the
Venetians on thefe conditions -, that they flioiild deliver up to him Scodra , FC'
nATUs a promontorie of Laconia , with Lemntis , and pay yearly 8 thoufand
C towns, foiTtheir trad ing in the black Sea . A fter this he undertakes three ex-
peditions at the fame time , gaping at an univerfal Monarchy ^ to wit, againft
Rhodes by Mepthes Bajfai of the rice of the PaUolegi , by Acomathes Bafsai,
againft Italy and Rome, he himfclf marched into Jjia. Mejithes after many and
,, bloody attempts ( but in vain ) upon Rhodes, returned with the lofs of 30000
and.difgr-ice :' y^comathes, gnel^y affrighted; i//i/jf, and made the people flyc out
of Rowe, ' Mahumet liimielf at Nicomedia , fell into tormenting fits of the
1481 Colick, which in three days put an end. both to his life and viftories , the 5 ^'^
year of his age , and of his reigne 31 : He fubdued the two Royal Seats of
By'^ntitim and Trape'^tnd-^ 4 Kingdomes, Syria, Peloponnefus , Armenia, and
Sclavonia. He. took from the Chriftians 20 Provinces, and two hundred
Towns , he was a moft cruel and bloody Tyrant •, For when he took Hydrm-
tim in Apulia, he caufed the Arch-Bifhop of that place to be cut v ith a woo-
dcr^faw-, and tortured many to death •, he was a notorious whore-monger,
and 5odojcnit-, it's thought he caufed above twenty thoufand to be put to death
at times., {).efides thofe that were killed in the wars •, at laft he was poyfoned,
who himfelf " was the greateft poyfon of mankinde, chiefly of Chriftians and 5°
Chrjftianity. The Turkijh Garifon in Hydruntnm, underftanding Mahumet
was','de?;d,. delivered up the Town to Matthias Corvinus and the Italians, thae
befieged it , upon condition they might have their lives -, though they knew
AcmAthis w:as returning^ with 25 thoufands Turks ; The Greek Mufes which
' were
Chap. ip-». Hifiory of the Worlds ±^^
were banifbcd by thefe barbarous Scyt/jiaw^ found an habitation for. them mAn.Chriftt.
Italy, aiidpther Weftern Countries, being tianfpranited thitherby Chryfehf^pf,^ ^-^r\r%«;
Tra^c\untifts^Ca':{a,ArgyrDplui^Chalco)}dyleSy LA[faras^(^c. ■ ■■■'t'T
To Mahomet Cixccccded his (on Baja'^et^ who was when his Father di:ec5f, 'at '
his charge in C^/'/'<t^<)«4 , being their Governour. His Brother G ernes z\{o-
was then at Iconium-^ the chief City of Lacaenia , that Province being under
his command. The elder brother ji/«/?4^/'rf, who had been employed by his
Father againft Vfumca^anes^ and had put to flight ^ofefh the Perfian General,
the great fupporter of King Carmannm^ was dead at Iconinm^ by intemperance
1 o and letchery. Some difference arofe among the Bajfaies and ^anifares^zhouv
the fucceffion, fo that the quarrel broke out into blowes: a.th{i the ^antfires ■ '
or Pr£torians proclaimed .B;«j<i:(fr Emperour, by means of the Beglerbego£
Criecia^ and the Aga or Captain of the Pr^etonans^ Bajazets fons in Law.Some.
of the prime Commanders of the Horfe fa up Corchatus Bajazets fon , by pla-
cing him in the Throne, and delivering to him the Treafurcs and Caftles of
the Empire. Achtnet Bajja^ who lately took //y^nw/ww, joined with thefc.
Baja^t rides poft from Cappadocia^ complaining with tears,of the wrong done
him, by debarring him of his right. But he could not prevail till his young
fon of his own accord fubmitted the Government to his Father. The ^anifares
^^whom the ^^j/^/V out of malice hadftirred up, were pacified by large bribes.
G ernes alfo makes hafte out of Ljcaonia^ a aeer Province, but being preven-;
ted by Baja\et, is kept out of Bi\antium 5 wherefore he makes War, being af-^,
|, fifted by Carmamm, and the Egyptian Sultan ^ againft his brother ^ who over-
threw him in three Battels •• whereupon out of defpairs , he fled to Rhodes^
leaving at Carr(e his mother , and his fon and daughter , that were Twins,
whom Baja'^t put to death. The Knights of Rhodes fcnt Gemes 10 Rome, u^on
the defire of Pope Innocent 4. Lew^s 1 1 . of Vraf?ce,a.nd Matthias King of H«»-
gary^ in hope of fome great Viiftory againft BajaS^t. He lodged in the Fat/^ ,
can, and was given as an Hoftage to Charles 8. of France, with Valentin Borgi-
as, the Popes fon,.by Ale;cfinder 6. when Charles marched out of Rome to the
50 fiege of iV4^^f, But (jfwf J died by the way, being poifoned by Vo^c Alex-
ander, fearing : left CW/w in delivering him up to his brother, fhould thereby
obtain i?4;^;(e«.favour. K^chmet Ba(Ja , who had prcferved the Empire for
Bafa^t againft his brother, was foi- his good fer'C'ice ftrangled by the fame Ba-
jaiet, pretending that he meant to advance Gemes to the Throne : but indeed
\^ch?net had great Treafures, which caufed his ruine, but to the good of Chri'
ftians, whofe mortal Enemy he was.
This £^J4;^a delighted more in Scholarfiiip, then Arms-, yet to maintain
the power he had got, makes war firft againft the Chriftians, and in the third
year of his reign fubdued Walacbia. Afterward transfers his War into ^7?^,
40 to punilh the Sultan of Egypt, for aiding his brother Gemes with Vi<ftuals, Men,
and Money, againft him. For C/irmanntts of Cilicta was already fubdued,and
his Country made a Province. Caithhxm at this time was Sultan of Egypt,
by birthaCw4][/d», and by condition a fervant. From his childhood he
was inftruAed in the Arts, and Manners of the Mamalucs , and by the Law of
Mah0met was made free. Thefe tJiiamalucs were Chriftians of the Mufcovite,ot
Roxaldn profeiTion. Out of them the Sultans were chofen out of the Ctrca^ian
flaves, who dwelt upon the Fuxin Sea, and were cholen after the extirpation of
Saladiuf pofterity. Now , thefe Mamalucs are the children of Chriftians, and
50 muft be baptized , and educated in Chriftian Religion, which they are Co a-
bandon and forfwear , before they can be Mamalucs. This Catthhxius vyas
made Sttltan for his Valour •, the Egyptians ftanding in need of fuch a man, for
fuppreffing the Arabian Thieves, and curbing the P^r/^^wj, who made divers
irruptions upon Comagenc and Syria -, c^d keeping tile Turks from breaking
out of Cilicta upon the Egyptian Territories. A 11 thefe Wars he happily un-
d^coofe
^64. ^^^ Second Tart of the Book .VI.
An.Chrtfii dcrtook ; tor he fubdued the '.Arabians, and made them Tributaries. Then
^-''''V'""^ in two battels drove back thtPerfians beyond Eufhrates ^ and maftcrcd the
Turks twiceinC/Z/a^bythehelpand councel of two Italian Mamalucs^ the
two chief Tiirkifh Commanders, Mefithes FaUologm, andCherfeogles, were
taken. ThisvvasthefonofC^^//e'^/'/;<-j, Prince of ///jwww , who took away
his fons wife from him , which fo exafperatcd his fon , that he renounced
Chriftianity, and betook himfelf to Baja^t, whofe daughter he married.
In this Battel of T^^r///, fcareethe third part of an hundred thoufand Turks
efcaped. Baja^t being weary of the /^/^w wars, returns- back into £«rc^f,
149 ? where he takes Dyrrachium, and in the large fields olLtburms^ in Croatia^ovc^- ^^
threw the united Forces of ///ymw , Fanoma^ and Croatia. Then he made
War againft the Venetians, for defending the caufe of ^ohn Cajlriot , Scandcr-
begs (on, who had defeated the Garifon foldiers of V>aia'^t in Croatia , and
driven the Turks out of his Territories. Befides, the Venetians had prohibi-
ted BajuT^ts fliips in his Syrian Expedition , to harbour in Cjfrtts.^ though he
earneftly intreated them. Alfo Lewis Sforfia, a great ¥Memy of the Veneti-
ans, egged him on. The beginnings of this war fuccceded well to the Turk ^
(01c Schcndert^ Bajja, by Land made excurfions as far as T^^-y //?«»« , and De»-
« fA« the Turks Admiral, by Sea, cntred even to ^^i^ni in i>4/w?4fM, and ca-
^^ ried thence a great multitude of captives. He was once^n danger to have been 20
nkm by the Venetian Yktt, about Peloponnefus.^ among the 5por4^f Ifles, but
Crimannus, the Venetian Adm'ml^ eitherfor want of couragc,or skill, fuffe-
red him to cfcapeto the Bay of C<?r/'»^/',w here he took tl^e Town Nau^aBtm^
or Lefanto^ within the Bay of Aetolia, having a little before taken from them
Dy r r ac hium in Epirfis.
Two years after ^^j^:^?^ with an hundred and fifty thoufand men, brake in
upon Pebponnefus; he divided his Army into three paits about cJ^^^i?'^/?. After
divers SkirmiHies on both fides, he gets within the Town , when unhappily
theTownfmen fpying three Venetian Gallics, coming towards them with
Arms , Men , and Provifion, forfook their ftation, and went down to the 30
fhoar, to receive the Supplies fent them. They were all taken prifoners,be-
ing above a thoufand of tnem, and in the prefence of the Tyrant maflacred,
except fome patricii, whofe lives were begged by Cherfeogles^ Baja^ts fon
in Law. Some other places being affrighted at this cruelty, yeildcd to the
Tyrant , one of thofe was Pihs , where Nejtor of old lived. Baja^et after
this, returns as a Conquerourto5y;;^^w?/«»», but Spain and France refolve
to aid Venice. Pifaurius the Venetian Admiral, by the advice and courage of
Confahtts the Spaniard, took Cephalonia^ in the Ionian Sea, having a double
Harbour, and a rich Soil. He took alfo by florm Leucade^ and Nericum, and
put the whole Turkilh Garifon to the Sword. But the French Fleet at Lesbos, 40
attempting Mitylene^ had not the like fuccefs, for the fliips were fo torn, feat- .
tered, and wrackt by a ftorm, that much adoe they had to cfcape to Tarentttm.
At laft a Peace is concluded on thefe conditions, thitCephalonia (liould conti-
nue In the Vf;?m4« jurifdidion, as it was before the Turkifli Empire. Leu-
cas and iVmn/w fliould bereflored to the Turk. This Peace was the more
eafily obtained, becaufe in Persia ifmael the Sopbi^ defcended from Ufumcajfa-
nes by the mother, had made himfelf King upon the death oi^acuppus.,the fon
of Ufumcajfanes , whom his libidinous wife perfidioufly murthered. This
change of the State came in With the change of iW4/'e?wf/^4»fuperftition,which
by the wavering and credulous multitude, was greedily embraced. Thele 50
new Sedtaries, with great fuccefs, over-nm Cappadocia, and Lycaonia , kills
Baja^ts two Nephews , Orchanes and Mahumet^ two Baffais., the Qeglerbeg of
J(ia', and Hali^ and overthrows two Armies , before Baja^et knew of the
danger. Ifmael was the fon of Harduellis, a Perfian Prince , and of Aiartha.
the daughter of r//«wr4j/4«ej, who was the firft of the /^/i7>w^^.«;i' Turks, that
after
Chap. 2 0. HtfloryoftheJVorld, 4.71
after the murther oi Mdaonches , the Perfian King poffcfTcd bimklf of that An. Chifii
Kingdom. ,HarSe//es the Father, would hive the Mahu»teta» Law expoun- *-rf''"V"N-»
ded after the mind of Halt, that was Mahumets Interpreter, and Companion^
and not after the way oi' Homer, whom the other Turks followed, Hardttdles
by his affedted holinefs and ftriftnefs of life, above all other men, drew admi-
ration, and innumerable Difciplcs after him , which eagerly maintained his
Di<Sates, rejecfting the ancient Rites. W/«wf4j[/l<«fj being yet fcarce warm in
his Kingdom, began to fufped thofe great Meetings, and Aflcmblies ot peo-
ple , who many times under pretence of Religion, plot Innovafion-, when
10 therefore he finds, that by force he could not fupprefs HarditelUs, he makes
himhisfon in Law, by marying him to his daughter ^ of which mariage
came this fon Jfm^el .■ but ^acuppus Ufumcaffanfts his fon, after liis Fathers
death, by fome A^fafms murchered Hardite/lis^ and baniflied or killed his fol-
lowers, thinking this way to free himfelf of fear and danger. Ifmaelhemg
yet a child, got out of his Uncles reach, into HircamA •, and one of the chief
JL Difciples TechelUs, (called from his red Cap, or Turban Cufelbas, which he
™ wore for diftinftions fake) efcapedover £«/'^r4;^j- unto the le^ex Armenia.
Thcfc two overthrew the pofterity o^ U fume afsanes, and fo bufied the Turks,
that they could have no leifureto profecute their Vi-ftorics in Europe. Ifmael
2 o by maintaining his Fathers Docflrine, obtained no lefs love and admiration,
then he-, fo that ^acuppus being poifoned by his wife, he refolves to recover
his Fathers patrimony, and his Mothers Dowry •, to this purpofe , he arms
his Followers, and procured Auxiliaries from Pyrchales, a Prince ofHircama^
to whom he had fled. So in a fhort time he recovered his Fathers Eftate, and,
^ daily increafing in ftrength^ took by ftorm Symackia^on the borders of Media.
^ Then upon hopes of obtaining the Kingdom of Perjia , marcheth with his
Army to Taurifmm , or Taura , a flouriftiing City of the Verfians in the
greater Armenia ^ where Ahantes the fon of ^acuppus (who drove his bro-
ther Miratchamus out of Armenia znd Per (la) dwelt. He was hated by the
3c Citizens, becaufe he murthered many of them for adhering to his brother*
This City upon the flight of ^/t/4«f^5 thence, yeilded without blowestojf/^
mael, with the Kings whole Treafure. Then hearing that Alvantes hadrai-
fcd an Army, he fights him. ^/^'4«m- lofl both his life and his Army. Upon
the fame of this Vidory , the neighbouring places and people fubmit to his
Law and Government. Thence he marcheth into Me fop ot ami a againft Morat-
chamus, the other brother, who had an Army at Babylon, but he fearing Jfma-
els pov\ er, and his own weaknefs , flies with his wife and children, and all
the wealth he could convay, into Arabia. Ifmael havin^ with his conquering
Army over-run a great part of the Eaft , he marchetn out of Ajfyria into
40 Media, where he takes in fome Garifons of Ahantes, and returns into Arme-
nia. The Albanians, Iberians, and Scythians, beyond the Cafpian Sea, being ,
Tributaries to the Verfian, had not paid their Tributes in four years, nor had
they fentallthis while any Embaflador to congratulate the Sophies Victories,
therefore he reduced them to their duty by force of Arms. i Ap^
In this mean while Techelles by Preaching and Prophecying , drew Cappa-
decia to join both in Arms and Dodrine with him ; and by the Verfian
help, he breaks in upon Lycaonia , a rich and populous Country , where he
overthrew Orchanes and Mahumet , Ba]a'^ts Nephews-, then he marcheth
through lefler Afia, where Corchutus, Ba]a\ets fon, was with an Army, but
50 refufed to fight ; then through Galatia, he breaks in upon Bithynia , where
' he met with Caragius Bafsa, Commander of theAfiatick Horfe, whom
they call Belerbei, himTechelles put to flight, and purfues hjmto Camhia,
■ a town in thcmidftof Afia minor, and there beleaguered him. At laft he
takes the town, and Caragius alive in it , with his wife. From thence he
intended to take in Vrufia , the Metropolis of Bithynia , but was hind red
by
1
^-jz The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
Aft.Chriffi oy B^ija'^ets new Forces under Halt Bajja, ihe MactdoTstan tunuch , whcin
iv^V'VJ Techelles unexpededly meets , and to keep him off from tight ing, took
Caragiuitht Beglerheg^ whom he caried about in chains, and paled him
in the High- way, thatthey might be affrighted at this fad fpeftacle :,but
mdeed H.'ili Baft was fo inraged at this fight, that btcaufe he could not
overtake him with his whole Army^purlucs him fagerly with eighc thou-
fai^d Horfe, and lights him. In the firft cnc()unter^7'<'c/Yi7< j was worRed,
but (hortly after, he got the Viftory, and killed HjU Rc/fi. To whom
fucceeded ^uniis E.'//4, of Fpirui, whom Achmet^ Y,a\a'^ts fon , fijrniflied
with Forces. Heatlaft dxo^QTechtlUs ont oiAfta: Thus doe the Ene- jq
mies of Chrid deftioy each other. Bajaza being much troubled with
thedifafters of this War, wiih the Gout, and old Age, likewife with
the great calamities of that time, caufed by Eartl-quakes, and the
plague, began to confult with his "Biaffats about his fucceflbr, which oc-
cafioned Civil Wars ^ for 2aja'{et had three fons 3.\ive^Achmet, Corchut^
■jndSelymai, befides divers grandchildren. Achmet was beloved of his
F.!ther, hntxhc^A^ais ^xid^an zaries inclined in their afFedfionsmoft to
Seljmui^ by their incitation andafliftance of the PrxrepiiTartar^iwhoie
daughter 5f/j(W/« had already mariedagainf^ hi? Father ?^aja':^ts will) Se-
lymui takes Arms moft unnaturally againft his F.ither, but was defeated,
and by the Eaffais interceflion, reconciled again to him : yet afterward 20
in fpight of his Father, he was proclaimed Emperour by the (oldiers,
who fworo Allegiance to him: He began his Government from Paricide;,
for having thiult his Father out of his Empire, poifoned him by one Ha-
1512 w4»a^fn»5 the 66 year of his life, and of his reign 32. hewasabetter
Philofopher then Soldier.
Selymtu began his Reign, not only from the murther of his Father,but
of his two Brothers alfo, and their children. He ftrangled Achmtt and
Cerchftty his two Brothers, having firft overthrown Achmtt in a battel,
and treacheroufly feized upon Corchnt^ thinking no hurt, but following
his privat ftudyi onely when he heard that his life was fought after, he 50
endeavoured to efcape into Rhodes. Mftftuphm Baffa, by whofe help^^^
Ijmtn had got the Empire, was for this his good fervice, firft ftrangled,
and then flung to the dogs j his crime was, that his afFeftions feemed to
incline myore to Achmit, then to himfelf. Achmets two ions , Amuntb
and Aladin, both fled ^ Amurath to IjmAd the Sophi^ and Aladin to Camffo
Cmrius the Egyptian Sultan--^ whence arofe new Wars, which kept Sf/j-
mus off from invading Chriftendom. Amurath with a Perjim Army,
breaks in upon CappAdocii\ Ifmatl coming foftly after, and was like to have
caried all this Country, the people came in fo f aft to him, had not Chin-
demus ^affti Governour of Afuy fupprefled them with a great power, 40
Whereupon 5^/)iot«j pafteth over into A(ia^ where he fell upon theuni.
ted Forces of Amurath^ the Turk, and U[iaegle the Perfian Commanders,
with whom alfo Ifmatl joins his Army. When he heard that Selymta
was come.a bloudy battel is fought, in which Jfmael was (hot in the (houl-
ders, andfo was forced to withdraw himfelf out of the Army, whom
the foldiers followed , by which the Turk obtained the Viftory, but to
1 514 thelofsofthirty thoufandof his men, whereof many of them were of
great accompt with him 5 the Virfian Army confifted but of thirty thou-
fand Horfc , whereas the Turks were an hundred and fifty thoufand
Horfe and Foot. After this Vidfory, Selywut befiegeth Taurifia, the Perfi- 5®
am Regal Seat, which being by the Citizens furrendred, he wafted and
plundred. Shortly after, he brings back his Army into Cappadecia^ fear-
ing that Ifmatl was returning with a frefti Army oi ihtrian^ and Alba,
nian Horfe men, who at this day arc called Georgians and MangreBiam^
Chap. 20. HijioryofthelVorld. 4.7^
i
In Capfadocta the Turk takes up his Winter Quarter!;, AtTrajtel^tmd^ and An.Chifii
Amufia. The next year underftanding that /y5«/i^/ is troubled with inte- ^--'"V^v-x
ftine Wars, and that he was gone againft the fiyreanians^aud Balfrians^and
fome other places upon the Cafpim Sea ^ though he- was willing to weak-
en the Ferfian^ yet he intends to aft nothing in Armenia^ till he have firfl:
droven King »_^/4</tf/«/ out of that Country, for the wrongs he fufFered
by him in his former Expedition againft JjmaeL The Kingdome of Ala-
^o/wi bordered upon the Egyptian Sultan at Alepe ^ on Ifmael the Ssphi by
Armenia the lefs, on the Turks by Orpha^ or Edeffa^ famous for its Springs
loagainll Leprofies , and for the Tombe oi Balcwin, Godftj of Bullions
Brother. Firfl, then Scljmui takes the Town Cyamma([u<s^ the Key of ^r-
me»ia^ on the farther Bank of £«;i^r4/fj. After that, he fubdues the Ga-
rifons that kept the narrow paflagcs between the Hils, then he fights
AladeluSy who being affrighted witii the multitude of Muf4ueteers, flies
with his Forces into the next Woods. %^Udolt^s was betrayed by his
neighbours, and a kinfman of his to Seljmus ^ who caufed him to bee
drawn out of the Cave where he hid himfelf, and his head to be chopped
off, which he caried about upon a long Pole, through Ajut, in oftenta-
tion of his Viftory ^ then traufmits it to the Senate of Venice. Aladelus
20 his eldeft Ton efcaped to Eg'jpt. Stlymus divided his Kingdom into three
Lieutenantfhips. Then he returns into £«ro/)f, to defend the borders of
his Dominions from the Hungarians^ whom he quickly fupprefTedjin two
incurfions he made upon them. The fame of his Viftories, and prepa-
rations he was making for fubduing of Chriflendom, czw^tA Maximilian^
Cefar^ Laudijlam of Hmgary , and Sigifmundoi Pdonia , to call a Diet for
raifing an Army through all their Dominions for the defence of Chrifli-
anity . But the Turk underflanding, that the Chriftians meant only to
ftand upon their own defence, and not to invade, returns to his Army in
Lycaonia^ witharefolutionto profecute the /'«r/?4d Wars , and utterly to
overthrow //«><«/.
50 The Egyptian Sahanhemg{o]\icited by the daily prayers and tears of
the exiled PrinceSjChieffy of Aladin^the fon oi Achomat^ and Aladols eldefl
fon, had raifed a great Army of Egyptians znd^etvs^ and was now on his
March neer the River Or<)»/«, ready to join with the Ferfian. The Turk
fends EmbafTadors todefire either his amity, or at leaft neutrality. At
this time Campfon Gaarus was Sultan by the Votes of the Mamaluch^ after
divers tumults and flaughters raifed by Caithbei and his Arabian wife
T>ultiba, who would have had the Kingdom confirmed on their fon, a-
gainft the Mamaluc Laws, which made the Sultans Eleftive , not Heredi-
tary :, this Law Caithbei abrogated, after whofe death his fon Mahamet
invaded the Kingdom, whilcff two prime men^fA^<jri;»andC4wp/i»,dif^
^ pated for it. The J»f^zw«/«« being offended that their Law and Privi-
ledge was thus infringed,caufed Mahumet at a Feafl to be murthered. Up-
on this divers flaughters of the prime men enfued. At lafl the J»/4zw4-
Ittcs conferredthe dignity on Campfon Gauritts, a man of great worth : He
lemembring the Viftory he had over the Turks at 7'4r/«i,anfwer9 threat-
ningly tbthe Turks requeft, that he would not lay down Arms, except
Seljmus would reftore the fon oi A ladolus, to his Kingdom, and forbear
to meddle with any oflfmaels Provinces^ he alfo defires to be Arbitrator
5Qof the differences between him and the Sophi - this fo exafperated Selfmus
that he diverts his War from Perfia, and falls unexpeftedly uponCow4-
gena, an Egyptian Province , and incamps himfelf not farre from Alepe^
Camp fon brings his Army from Damafcus , and encounters with the
Turks 5 hut eajerbeius Governourof hlepo aad Comagena^ not only per-
fidioufly forfook, but alfo purfued Campfon^ io that the LMamalucs were
Kkk defeat
^7+ The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
^tt.Chrtjtt defeated , and Campfoit himfelf being heavy with arms , and troubled with a
"-^""^^^^^ nipciire in his belly, fell with his horfe, and was troad to death in the duft. Of
the Tnrks 30C0 were killed, of the Mamalucks looo , among which were the
Governors of D.imafctts and Tripoli ^ but a great flaughter was committed in
1 5 16 the flight, whilft the Peeres and Gentry were porting towards f/;(?r4/'<7/;f, fin-
ding themfelves betrayed by Caierhejus • thcfe Selymus perfues , who under-
ftanding they were got to Damafcus^ takes in HierapoliS', and fends ^mui Baf-
fai with a partie of horfe to Dumafctu , but the enemy was gone thence-, where-
upon the Turk marchcth thither with all his army, to whom the gates are pre-
fently opened •, Tripoly^Berytits^ Sydon, Ptolemnis ^ and other places did fub- 10
mit to Seljmus.
SelymHs having obtained Syria, fo fuddcnly, refolves to purfue the remainders
of the Mamalucks , who havmg efcaped to Memphis , had made Tomitmhejus
the Circaffian Sultan thcrc.in the place of Cdmpfon. The ArcAdtart high-Vv'ay
robbers are fupprefled by Sinm ta(rai , who opens a way to Ga^aJVomttmbejus
had fent GA^ellus thither with an army, who were defeated by Selymus^ all the
Egyptian Colours were taken , the Governor of Alexartdria , the Pra;tor of
Memphis^ one thoufand horfe, and great numbers oi Arabians were flain, Sinan
BafTai loft loco horfe , and many prime men. But the Arabians recruiting
fell upon the lurks at Ga"^ , and killed many of them , i\\\Selymus brought *o
his whole army into ^udea^ where he joynes with Sinan Baflai, and takes Gd^
upon furrcnder : Then he marcheth . within fix miles o{ Memphis^ where he
is enCountred by Tommtbejus , whofe Counfels were betrayed to the Turk by
(bme Fugitives ^ fo that Selymusoot the vidorie, moft of the Egyptian prime
men being loft : The choiceft of their horfe affrighted with the Turkijh Ca-
nons , fled and got into the City , the ftreets whereof they Barracadocd
tfith great pieces of timber 5 but this could not keep out Selymus , who
breaks through all impediments, and in three days fight deftroys in a man-
ner the whole race of CMamalucks : Some that had efcaped into a Church
and fubmitted themfelves to the tttrks mercy , were all by his command 3®
cut off.
Tomumbejus beyond Nilus recruited his Forces , another battel is fought,
and in it the Egyptians quite defeated , Tomtmbejus was found lurking a-
mong reed s up to the middle in water ^ after the Turk had a long time tortu-
red him , to make him confefs where his treafurcs lay 5 he fct him on a
poor Jade which carried him about the City ; then he caufethhim tobc
flrangled , and hanged up on an iron hook in one of the Gates , for a fpc-
* ^'7 dtacle to all pafTengers , of the one's Victory , and the other's miferie : And
thus ended the Kingdome ot the Mamalucks in Egypt , which from the extir-
pation of Saladins Pofteritie in OHelechlala , had continued about two hun- 4®
dred forty three years.
Egypt and Syria being fubducd , Caierbejus for a reward of his
Treacherie at Alepo , is made Governour of Egypt ; and Ga'^IUs , who
upon the overthrow of the Mamalucks^ fubmitted toih&Turk , isfeto-
vcr Syria. : Out of Memphis or Ale air ^ above 500 of the chiefe Fami-
lies , befidej multitudes of Women and Children of the Mamalucks
Progenie , and all that could be found of that race , are at Alexandria
cut in peeces by Selymus his Command.
Then he returnes in Triumph to Sy^ntium and threatens Chriften-
dom •, But in his preparation for Warre , he is arrefted by a Cankering SO
Ulcer in his Kidneys , which fpreading , putrificd his whole body , (o
that he died miferably in that fame place of^Ti&r<»f/4, where he endevouredto
g intrap his Father i?4ji^f. He lived forty fix years, and reigned eight. As
' he was breathing out his cruel foul, he commended his fon Solyman to the care
of
Chap. 2 1. Hijlorj of the World, 4.75
¥
o£PyrrhusBa(fa^ of Ciltcia ^ injoyning him to forbear the Perjlans, ixidto AnXhrifit
make war upon the Chriftians. He was a moft barbarous Tyrant , who fpa-, '-/*^<^■^vJ
reel neither Father , Brothers , nor any of his kindred, nor his chief Corti-
mandcrs, that did him beft fervice ^ nor his owt^. fon , whom he would have
murthercd with a poifoned Coat, which the mother fufpeding, gave it not
to Solymart, but to one of his Chamber, who by it was quickly killed. ^
I
10
CHAP. XXI.
"The Turkifb Hijlory under Solyman, Selymus, Amurath ^^^ Mahumet 5'', Ach-
mat, Muftapha, Ofman W Amurath 4''', /ro»» r^f^fwr 1520, till the end
0/16^6.
Olyman the only (on o^ Selyrfnu^ CueccededG allies, Govcrnour *5*^
of Syria, thinking himfelf now freed from his Oath by the
death of Selymus, revolted, intending to make himfelf Ma-
tter of Syria ^ for this caufe he entertains all the remainders of
the Mamalucs , and the inhabitants df that Country, which
flock to him in great numbers. He infinuatcs himfelf alfo in-
to the afFe<ftions of the great Maftcr of the Rhodes , from whom he dcfircd
fome Artillery, Arms, and Gallics. He fends alfo privately to Cajerheit*s in
Alcair^ Governour of Egypt , exhorting him to joyn , and to revenge the
blood of the Circafsians , and to rc-eftablifh in the deftrudion of the Tttrks^
the old government by Sultans. But Cajerheius confidering the difficulty
of this bufinefs, andtnat no credit was to be given to an old Enemy, kills
the Agent, and makes the Turk acquainted with the plot. Whereupon So-
go lyman fends Farates "Qajfai , with an Army into) Syria , which fo affrigh-
ted GaT^lles , that though he had taken Tripoli, and other Garifons from the
Turk J yet he betakes himfelf into Damafcus •, hither Farates repairs , with all
fpeed. G'4^e//ejrefolves to hazard all in one battel, and either to get the vi-
dory,orclfetodie honourably.- both Armies joyned^ in this conflict, both
he and his Mamalucs were cut off by this vifftory •, Syria is recovered, and the
fidelity of Cairbeiui is confirmed.
The next year after this vidory, by the perfwafion of the ^ani'{aries ^Soly-
man refolves to fall upon Belgrad in Hungary^ where were fet up many Tro-
phies taken from the Turks •, Solyman fends an Army to So^hia^ a City in S^;'-
4^0 via, and he hafleneth after, fo that he was come before the Hungarians knew
any thing. Ludovick the young King, was totally ruled by others, fo that he
was in eftdl but a titular King : Hence an Army could not be fuddenly raifedj
whereupon S(»/;iw4» took £f/^r4// without oppofition^ who after this victory
refted a year , then he refolves to try his fortune upon Rhodes^ though he was
difTwaded by his friends who were not unmindful of the lofTe, difgrace , and
repulfc Mahumet received there, bcfides the danger that might cnfue to the
Sultans own pcrfon by the Chriftian Fleet. Notwithflanding Solyman would
in this be ruled by none, butby his own Genius- therefore about the end of
^une^ he repairs thither vVith 400 fhips, and iooooo Turks ;^{th great flare of l^^^
50 Brafk Ordnance placed upon two Hils , which the Turks made themfelvcs,
fhovcling up Earth for the fpace of two miles from the City into a wondcrfiill
height. So great was the multitude of workmen,that in a fhort time they came
to the Townc- Ditches, working under ground for fpringing of Mines.
ViUadant the great Mafler , a French man born, behaved himfelfe
floutly, playing continually upon the Turks with his great Ordnance, that
Kkk z rhf
^7^ The Sei^jdTartofthe Book.Vi:
j^.Chrifii th^ Ditches wJ'r? filled with Head bodies •, yet Solyman would not give over^
^-^~v^^ though hfe had loft above thirty thoufand of his men by the bloody Flux. At
kft tne Towres and Walls being overthrown, the Turks- feizc upon the remote
parts of the Town. Then with their Mortar pieces, they batter down the hou-
Tcs within the City, to the terrour of the inhabitants. All this while the Kh-
<jji^whadnofupply from Chriftcndom , though the Turk had received Re-
cruits from Egypt and Natolia^ for Cajerbeim lent forty il^ips with all manner
of Warlike provifion. Mean while Pope i/.f^;7<i« arrived out of 5/'/w» into
Ital-j, with fome Hiips and Gallies , and about three thoufand Foot. Thefe
he was advifed to fend to Rhodes^ and joyn with the fifty P'enetian Gallies rea- i b
dy at Crete, but he refufed to fend them .• wherefore the Rhodians having nei-
ther help, nor hope, furrendred thcmfelves to the Turk , conditionally they
might enjoy their lives and goods, except the brafs Ordnance-, which was
granted, and carefully obferved by Solfman.; who would not fuffcr the foldiers
to touch any confecrated thing belonging to Saint ^ohns Church, when he en-
tred Rhodes with thirty thoufand men •, there was not a word heard fpoken a-
mortg them , but as filent as Carthufan Monks. When F>//rfzfewtxook his
Itavco'^ Solyman, hewasdifmifledwith all cOurtefie, (o that SolyntaH turning
about to one of his Bafsais^ faid , It grieVes me (faith he) to fee this Unfortu-
nate old man driven from his habitation, arid to depart hence with To fad a'o
countenance. So this Bul'warJc of Chriftcndom, to the honour of 5<?/y»4/»,
anddifhonourof Chriftendom, was furrendred after fix months fiege. In
Mgypt Cajerheiusdkd, to whom (ucccedcd i^comath Vmfsn, who thought to
have made himfelf Sttltm^ but his plot was deteded , and he juftly punifhcd
^!v ith death. Hahraim Bafsa^ Soljmans Favorite, is fent to quiet £gjft, which
he did with great wifdom-, wherefore he Was Oaortly after called home to Con-
JidittinDpk^ by Solyma», and honoured with the litk o( Be^lerheg^ or Lord
of Lords. • •
J 526 After this, ^^/yw^w proclaims war againft Hungary : King Ludvrvk raifcs
an Army of twenty four thoufand Horfe and Foot, of raw and unskilfuU men^ 3°
neither had he any fupply from the Chriftian Princes, except from the Pope,
who on his own charges raifcd for him fome German and Bohemian Foot.
TheTurkiili Army confifled of two hundred thoufand men, which tnade So-
lymxn admire the Kings folly, that would with an handful of men oppofe him-
(elftofuch a mighty Army ^ but the unfortunate King was advifed to fight
by Paul Tomor^ Avch-'Bliho^o^ Collocen^ who had heretofore in fome light
Skirmifhes, beat the Turk, but never encountred him before in any{et Bat-
tel. In the end, this unfortunate King, as wc have faid already, was drowned
in a Bog, not being able by reafon of his heavy Arms , to get out from under .^
his Horfe •, the thoufand Horfe, his Life-guard,in defending the Waggons and
Baggage, were cut off, the Arch-Bifhop, with the other Bifliops {Iain, and
the whole Army utterly defeated, fo that few efcaped with their lives, notwith-
ftanding that the Turkifli Ordnance did no hurt •, for the Gunners being Chri-
ftians, (hot purpofely over their heads. The Battel being fought, Solyman
marchcth to 5«^<t, where the Caftle was furrendred to him, the Garifon dif-
miffed with life and goods. Two brazen Statues fctup by Matthias ^ were
caricd thence to Confiuntinople as a Trophy oiSolymans Victory, who ftayed
1560 not long after \n Hungary, becaufe of the Winter, but returned home-, nor
^ ' s did he after this make any more War upon the Chriftians, only he laid fiege to
Vienna , which with loffe and difhonour he was fain to raife again. He alfo
beat the 5^4«i//> Fleet, and took from them the Ifle cJWw;«jw , over againft ^
the African Syrtes , the Caftle whereof was defended by the Duke of Medina,
Viceroy of Sicily. Piahs Bafsa^ defeated the Spanijh Fleet, that befiegcd Tri-
poli, and forced the Caftle to furrender, for want of water and vi<5luats -, about
1 8 thoufand Chriftians were (lain and caricd away prifoners to Co>tfia}ttinO'
ple^
I
Chap.zK Hijhry of the World, ' '. 4.7^.
pie, whereat ih-xt i\mz Busbeqft^us Ferdinands' EmbalTador was Refident, and An.^hr^
relieved many of them with ncceffaries. But as Soljmm was 'happy in his Vi- ^^"^s^^'s-f
dories abroad, fo he was unfortunate in his affairs at home-, for he conn-mit-
ted Paricide upon the f;i!rcaccufation of Hofja. or RoxeUna^ his beloved wife,
who hated CMtiftafha, SolymMs fon by another venture •, this Mtifiaph^t hsid
done excellent fervice for liis Father againft the Verfian, md was generally
well beloved for his excellent parts, efpccially by the ^ani^aries , wherefore
he was accufed for affeding the Empire, w* his Father was too apt to believe, •
therefore marcheth towards him with an Army .• fends for Miijlaph.i'w\to His
1 o Pavilion, who trufting to his own innocency , came boldly. ■ Solyman^^vc
order to fome Mutes that were ftrong men, but dumb,to fall upon him,' and
ftranglchim, which they did at laft not without much ftrugling-, for Wfli^
fhd being young and ftrong, made rtiiftancc a long time ^ the cruel Father,
Authour and Spedator of the execution, caufed his btfdy to be laid before the
Pavilion, for the janizaries to behold, that they might fee in what condition
he was now , whom they meant to make Erripcror. At Which fight they
were much ftruck with terror and forrow,but knew ho way tO help it: Solfntaft
alfo was much afflided by his other fon , which he had oiRoxoUna^ his name
WOLsBaja^et, he partly hated, partly feared "his^ elder brother ^f/)^«^>'Wh4
2c was to fucceed in the Empire : Thefe two broth^r^ had the eomAiand of t^o
Provinces, which lay neer together 5, this rveighbSijrHoo'd gave 6ccafi6n Of
quarrels , wliich coming to ^oljmdns ^ars,^ with co'm^laitits of fome who ha-
ted Saja:{et, that he intended to invade the Empire, 'to (leftro^ his brother
SelymtSy that he might not be deftroyed by hirn, when Hee fliould come to
' reign, and that he meaiit alfo to depofe his old Father. ' Preftn'tly coinma,ri^ vC'
is given b^y Splyman, that the two brothers fhoulcl be removed frpm their Prq-
vinces, and two other afllgncd them, that might be of a.greatef diftance. 3^-
ijmuf'm obedience to his Father, accepted of his pew T^,rovince, which Bi)'4-
^t refufedtodo, and withal fet up a falfeiy///?4/I&rfagamft,his Father, where-
by he incurred his Fathers difpleafure, and dan^ej: of ftrangUng •, but by^ic
CO intreatyofi?tf,vf//4«.t, he was reconciled ^ to his fo'ii, who fending for hirri^
checkt him fevercly for his infolency,' both again^ hiin and his brother, wifh-
ing him not to ufe any finiftrous means to obtain.the Empire •-, -which if God
had appointed for him, it fliould be his in fpight of all the \yorl4 > but if God
had ocherwife determined , all his labour in attaining to it, would be in vain -•
^yith this Stoical Dodrine, did he work upon his fon awhile-, then after he
had acknowledged his fault, and begged pardpA, a c«p of liquour wa§pre-
fented to him which he was fearful to drink, thinkjng it had been poifon j yet
perceiving his mother looked cheerfully on hirn-, did drink thereof, and his
Father pledged him in the fame cup. But afterward this Baja^t flew out a-
<<3gain.in rebellion, and was forced to flie into P;fr/w for (heltcr, where He was
apprehended and iraprifoned •, and at laft upon the Turks intreaty^ the Pirjla^
having received fatisfadion for the hurt he had fuftained by B4J4%^,with aripb
prefent from Solyman, delivers him up to Halfatt^ the Turks Agent, who caried •' . ' *
? him thence away by a Turkifh Garifon, and ftrangled him. The fame fate of
the Father fell upon his four fons alfo, who were all flain. This Soly man 3\(q
having had soodfuccefs againft ilWif^, attempts Malta with a Fleet of 205
Sail-, but'^t^/wr^/ffchegrcatMafter, foftoutly with his forces defended.it,-
by the affiftance o^Garcas the Sfdnijl) Admiral,that the Turks after fix moajdis
eofiege, and the lolis of twenty three thoufand men, were forced with ftiame to
depart, who wrackt their anger upon the Ifle Chios ^ which had been in he pof-
{^{fion of (ff;?aw,above : 00 years-,now it is brought under the Turjci/h yo)«e by
Fialis 3afs>t. And though Solymanshody grew weak by age,bieiog.BOW almoft
fourfcorcj, yet his aitlbmous thoughts were novat all we akned, inut even then
being folicited by the Tranfjlvanian , befiegeth Sigethum^ a city in Hungary^
-"" with
^yg T^f^e Second Tart of the Book. VI.
JH.Chrill* with 300 thoufand men, but in the midft ot his vain ho^cs , death cuts
ty^VVJ him off, having reigned 47 years , he was a Prince temperate in his diet,
comely in perlonage, carefull of his word, and generous in his aft ions :
his death was concealed by Mahtmet Bailai from the Soldiers , leaftthcy
(hould be thereby diflieartned. About this time the Ttfrfjr^ beakingin
opon Hungary , kept Lazarus Zutndms from relieving the befiegcd Towne
which at laft was taken , but not without the lols of 30000 Turks in a
. fally made by Nichflas Serinius , who in that aftion was cut off with his
Garrifon.
To S$ljnian fucceeded his fon Seljmus 2^ , he alfo fends aid to the TrM' j^
fflvdnian againft Hungsrj--, mean while Sfttndius takes divers Townes
from the TArtsr , whom he beats quite out of Pamnia , then takes fome
Townes from the Turk , and enlargeth the Territories of CAfar Maximi-
li<m, with whom Stlymas makes a peace for 8 years 5 about which time Cy ■
frus fubmits to the Turkifh yoke : For Seljmus pretended that this Ifle was
a member of the Kingdome of Egjft , whereof now he was fuprerae
Lord} atxd th&t the Fenetians in that regard paid a yearly tribute into his
Exchequer ; but now having falfified their faith to the Turks, they were
bound to make reftitution. ThtVerutians though much troubled at the
burning of their ArfeMl\Ate\j, yet refolve not toloofc that noble Ifland
which had now been one hundred years in their pofTeilion ••> therefore 30
they enter into league with Pope Pius 5'^ and the King of Sf ain , who
rigg out a flrong Fleet into the fea s but the ambition and quarrels of the
Commanders ftaying at CrtU, lofV all opportunity of doing c;ood j for in
,5,70 '^^s interim Cjr/>r«i is wafted by Muftapha and Pialis the Turkifh Generals:
Then the City Nkofta , after a months ficge is taken. FtanAvuflA^ called
54/j»Wiifofoldc, having for eleven months ftoutly fuftaincd all the Twr-
j^///) aflaults, at laft yeilded upon honorable conditions, had they been as
honorably obferved by the barbarous infidel 3/»j?4^)&4 , who though he
promifedlife, liberty and goods, yet moft wickedly murthered.thofe
whom by his Oath he (hould have proteftedj he caufed Antoninus Br/^aM- 30
m/fs his ears and nofe to be cut off, his body to be Head alive , and his skia
to be ftuft with ftraw , and hanged at the main yard of his Galley ; Of
the r*w«;'4W that were bound tot Crete, he made Gally-flaves, the chief
prifoners and fpoiles are fent to Selimus, but a CyprtJM Lady appointed for
iheSultam luft/et fire by fome barrels of gunpowder on the two fhips,that
neither (he, nor the other prifoners, nor ^oiles, were ever fecn or enjoy-
ed by Selimus. This Ifland the Turks bought at a dear rate , for they loft
about 60000 men in this War befides what they loft the year after, in the
battel of Zf/>4;j/*, at the Iflands caUed Echitiadx , fought by the Chriftian
Fleetjunder the command of Den ^thn of Aulfria, Chdrls the 5*'' baftard. 49
SehAflian yenerus, afterward Duke of Fenice , and M.Antonius Columns ,25
thoufand Turks were then flain, and 4000 taken ^ 14 thoufand Chri-
g ftian flaves were releafcd , the whole Turkiflt Fleet of 250 Saile,
^ was either torne or taken i onely Ulu^i^l with 30 Gallics efcaped. And
the year enfuing theTurkifli Armado appeared whole and intirej fo
that a Turk compared wittily the lofs of Cjfrus , to the lofs of an arm ,
which could never grow again , but the lols of Lepante to the fliaving of
ones haire , which will increafe the thicker. Not long after the Turks
take Goletum in Africa, from the Sfdniard by Sinan Baflai , befides the new
Fort, SCO pieces of Ordnance, and rich booties, upon the report of which 5
good oewes at Conftantinofle, Stlymus died, having reigned 8 years 5 a lit-
tle before his death he took Moldavia by treafon , killed the Vayvod and
anncxethitto JVatashia.
To 5«/jim»j fucceeded his fon Am»r4$h^^\yfho began his reigne with
the
Chap . ip . Hifiory of the World, ^yp
the parricide of his 5 brothers , whom hccaufedtobe murtheredin his An.Chrifll
own prefence : He intends to make VVar upon the Perftam 5 over whom ^--^Vn^
reigned Ifrntel the fon ot Techmafes , who alfo flew his brothers : He for
his cruehie is poyfoned by his own fifter , and fo Mihumet Hodabindes ob-
tained his fathers Kingdome. Againft him AntHrath was incenled , be-
eaufe he fomented and maintained the Affjrians againft the Turks -^ Be-
fides, A wwrjrA had fome Dreams animating him toraifearms againft the
Perfiam as Hereticks. The Tartars and Georgians, or iherkn Chriftians took
part with the Parthian againft the Turk. Thefe Iberians aided by the Colchs^
Armenians and Medes had divers and doubtfull incounters with Muflafha
that ctuelTurktjh Generall : The firft year of this War jothoufand
Turks loft their lives by the fword, famin, and water, befides the Eurojf^-
anTartars^ the Turks Auxiliaries were all cut off j wherefore Muffapba
is removed from his Generalfliip , and S/»4» BalTai is made chief Viher
or Counceller, whofe fticcefs in this War was no better then Muftapha's ,
who fearing publick punifhment, put violent hands on himfelf , his e-
ftate by this, fell to the Sultan. Sinan Baffai alfo for his bad fuccefs is put
out of his place and baniftied ^ neither was the luck of his fucceflbr Ft-
rates much better. About this time alfo the Prxcopit Tartars , who in-
habit Taurjca, Chtrfonefus^ of the Turks confederates are made their flaves^
^° which is the efFeft commonly of the Turks friendfliip. For becaufe Ma-
fjumtt the Tartar, would not upon Amurath's perfwafion affift Prince of'
man in his Wars, but went home pretending to fupprefs the Cejfacks, wa-
fting and robbing by the £»x/»(ea, therefore by ofman Balfai, and IJlan
the rd^Mr/ brother 5 now let out of prifon, he deprives ?<f4Aii(WC» both of
his life and Kingdomfe, and caufed both his fons to be ftrangled with
their father *, So Jfian is made Fiduciary King of thefe Tartars.
But this Mahumn had one fon who efcaped , he raifed an Army and re-
covered from ijlm a good part of his fathers Kingdome : Amurath in the
interim fends (7^4>} againft the P4r//&^4;;j, who in his journey had many
3^ difaftures, at laft he efcaped into Tauripunti which he fenced , and 5 days
after died of a Difentetie , whilft in the mean while Amurath being ta-
ken with a fit of the falling Sicknefs, to which he was fubjedf , had al-
moft brained himfelf by the beating his head againft the ftones. In Car"
»«/4, Amurath is beaten by the Chriftians , therefore is forced to renew
the peace with Cufar. The Turks alfo in a battel with the Parthians
which laftcd 3 days and 5 nights, loft about 80 thoufand men,and Taurift'
«OT,one of the Parthian Regall Seats is recovered again by them: After this
Viftory , the Parthian King betakes himfelf to a privat life , and fliortly
after died. Ibrahim the JEgyptian Baffai, fubdues the Maronits of Libmus^
4^ and the Trufi of the Chriftian profeffion , who were never till now
brought under the Turks yoke ^ but the Panonian Turks, whilft they break 1 5 87
in upon Croatia^ are all cut off by the Chriftians : Near Siffeea 1 2 thou-
fand Tttrks were killed or drowned 5 but the Grecian Prjetor to be reven-
»ged, came before S/(fIrf<i with a great Army andtookit.* Divers other
places are taken by them from the Chriftians , and divers from them by
the Chriftians : Whilft Matthias, Tiefeubachiut and other Chriftian Com-
manders in Hungary make War againft the truce breaking Turks under SC"
rinius and Sinan , Amurath weakned with leachery and fits of the ftone,
was conveyed by death to MaAttwWjParadife, there to fatiate himfelf
SO with all kinde of carnall pleafures 5 he reigned 2 1 years , in his time the
Turki break the league twice with the Hungarians , for which the Baffai of
iuda is ftrangled , and Sinan his fucceffor difplaced. Poland alfo was by
them invaded , with whom a peace is concluded. In a mutiny among the
Janifaries at Confiantinople 1 5 thoufand houfes are burned ; Rafch^VaU"
fhU and Mtldavia fall off from the T* rk. ^
To
t
4.8 o ^he Second Tart of the ^ Book.VL
"An^hrifii To i^mumth 3^ fucceeded his Ton Mahumtt 3^, who was circumcifcd by
v-Av'-s-' his father : He initiated his reigne with the murther of 1 8 of his brothers
whom he ftrangled. The Falachians who had revolted , fought fuccef-
fully againft the Turks, Strigon and Vicegrade are taken by the Chriftians :
Ferattts was ftrangled tor his wealth , and bad fuccefs together. LifpA is
taken by the TranfjlvamaD : Sinan in a (harp conflift is beaten, and loleth
10 thoufand of his men; at laft after many difaftures he is driven beyond
the river y^^r/'wi, where he died with age and grief; Upon whofe death,
Mdhttmet the ^tiltan marcheth toward Hungarf with a great army , where
he takes hgria, and defeats Maximilian s.x. Cafjovia, this great vidory was 10
obtanied 2co years after that other at Nicopolii : After this he returns
tr'iuwphingto Conftantwcpie ^ this viftory coil him 50 thoufand Turks.
^ Maximilian loft 20000 with 120 pieces of Ordnance and all the baggage.
Omat Baflai with 60 thoufand Turks befiegeth Varadirt^ from whence he is
beat off by the Chriftians with lofs; Mu/jumet being informed that his
Sulianejfe d\d enquire of fome Sooth- fayers what fliould be her fons fate,
1604 firft caufed his fon to be ftrangled in her prefence ^ and then commanded
her to be flung into thefea , with fuchas wereconfcious of her curiofitie;
but the next year he paid dearly for this his crueltie 5 for the Perfan took
Tdurijium from him. The Knights of Malta deftroyed Naupa0ur» and Pa 20
ira : Rufvormius havingcut off theTwrh atPeBum, recovered HMuana:
The Sultan with his over grown bellie , and goutieleggs, amongfthis
concubins and Catamits was furprifed by a pcftilentiall feaver, of which ,
he died the 54 year of his age , having reigned 8 years ; He had caufed
before he fell fick,all the wines in Cenfiantinople to be ftaved, except thofe
that belonged to the French, Et)gli(h^ and Vtnice AmbaflfadorSjUpon a fedi-
tion of the Janizaries.
To yi/4/;«w£< fucceeded his fon Af^»<?r being yet underage. Upon
inteftin Wars between the Hungarian nod Tranfjlvan,(nri, raifed hy Oeerge
Bajla j Pe(lum is regained by the Turks , and lo is Strigonium which had 3©
been loyearsinthepofleffionof 2{e^«/*^«f. A<r;&w<!* made 20 years peace
withC/e/dr : Mitthias having obtained Haingary ^ confirmed thepeace.
20000 Turks are overthrown by the Perfians at Babylon -, they have divers
encounters,} and various fuccefs in the Mediterranean fea with the Fhrentins
and Malu([es ; Baterins being accufed before the SuUan , that he held cor-
^^ ' 3 refpondence with Qdfar, and purpofed to deliver up Datia to him; there-
fore the Turk refolves firft to fet up kndrevo GretT^us , then Bethleem Gabor
as Fiduciaric Prince of Daeia , then he makes a truce for a time with the
Pdrthian He alfo renewes the 20 years peace with Cafar , that he might
be without difturbance, revenged on the Ctffacks, who having wafted^
the chief Cities of Mujcovia, and many places in Tartarj, they burned 24
Turkifh Gallies in the Black fea : And being threatned by the Sultan,
grew more infolent; fothat they over-run Thracia^ plundring all, even al-
moft to the Walls of Byzantium ; they wafte alio Bithjnia and PaphUg§nia,
inddediroy Trapezund , with it's Harbour , Gallies and Arfenall, they
burn Sinope of PentuSy and fo laden with rich bootie, return to Sarmatiaot
Poland, Achmtt fends to the King of Poland to have reftiiution for thcfe
loffes, whofe anfwer was that he was ignorant of thofe paffages : But
that the Turk could not revenge himfelf upon the Polanier , was, by rea-
fon of the Perfian, who prevailed mightily in kjia^ for by the revolt of a
Turkifh Baffai, he did wafte with fire and fword the Sultan's Territories 50
far and near ; and had almoft driven the Georgian King out of his Domini-
on, for adhering to the Sultan.
In the fixteenth year of this laft century , the Turks had many difa-
fters both b^ fea and land j for in the Mtditerranian they were beaten by
,. „., , - .wii-.M -;. -■--•; :- ■ die
Chap. 21. Hijloryof thelVorld. /|.8i
the Spamards^ Florentins^ and Malteffes'm Mxoti-s by the Cojfacks , in Afia by An.chrifli
the P<??-y?4»j, where they lott 4C000 by the plague and thefword : But being ^-'""v-^-
allifted by the Tartars, hty invade Podol/a, and drove thence great booties. At- ^^^^
ter this >^<rAwf? died in the 1 4 year of his government : In his time there died
of the plague in one year at Conftantinopk 200000. The Florentin put to flight
and took 42 Turktjh Gallies ; In one of" which taken by them v.'ere 300 {laves.
A Dervifiar is flain for throwing a ftone at the Sultan -• The Caftle of LuMgo
was taken by the Floremm : The ^ews expelled Pera^ Traffique granted to the
Hbi/^Wfr^ out of the 7«r^5 ill will to 5^^/» : jTurktfl) Gallies taken by the
J o Viceroy of Sicily. The Baflai of Sidofj for favouring the Florentin , is purfu-
^d by Jchmet^ whereupon he flyeth to Florence with 14' 00 weight of gold.
Naljttff BafTai is executed for holding intelligence with the Pcrfian. ^acaia,
the fuppofed fon of Mahumet ^^, joyned with the Jfiatick rebels,hoping there-
by CO recover his right : Achnet befides his Circafian SultanefTe , maintained
400 Concubins, he died the 50 year of his age.
Achmet dying , refignes the Government to his brother Miifiapha , who
had been fliut up in a Cell to follow his devotions-, fo being preferred to his
hxothcr Ac hmets fons pcrformes his Funerall Ceremonies, but he was en- 1^17
vied for his aufterity , and held unfit for fo great a burthen as the Govcrn-
2c ment of that Monarchy , therefore after three months is fent back to his old
Prifon : And ofmM being now twelve years of age , is made Sultan j a
youth of a fervent fpirit.
The Turks to be revenged on the Cosfacks , break in upon Podoliit^ where
k they defeat the Governor of that Countrey with three thoufandmen. In i^^S
Afia they had a great battel with the Perjians ^ which was fo bloody to
both parties , that though the Per/tan had the better , yet was contented to
fue for peace, which was granted upon the payment of an yearly Tribute
of iilk fluffs to the Turk •, who now being fecure of the Part hi m , falls up-
on FaUchia and ^Moldavia , by the aiTiftance of the Tartars , becaufe the
Fayvfld Gratian , had confpired with the PoUnder againft the Turks , there-
to fore Ofman endeavoured to deflroy him •, for this caufe he fends Campagius as
his Lieutenant. Two battels are fought , in the firfl the Polonian prevailed,
and Campagiui is killed •, In the fecond the Turks have the better , and Gra-
//4;»with his y^uxilianes cut off : Hereupon ofmxn turns the Polarid Ayxv-
baffador out of his Court , and denounceth open war againft him , who
at the fame time was like to be murthercd by a Villain. In CHioldavixz 1620
battell is fought , wherein the Turks defeat the Polander : But the next M^rct)
Prince Z.d^//Z4«f with fifty thoufand falls furioufly \x^oni\\e barbarians y and
utterly defeats them : ofrnan being highly inragcd at this, brings an army
of three hundred thoufand into C^ioUavia^ but againft the will of his friends.
j,QLadt(l4(0w[thCiKty xhondnd Polander s and Germans ^ defends the borders of
hisKingdome, untill his Father Sigifrnund fliould bring the. whole body oi
the Polonian horfe : The two armies facing each other , ofman affaults the
Polander^ and flrives to fhut up the Co/Jrfc^i .- So great was the flaughter on
both fides , that the Turk being out of hope to proceed any further , propo-
fcth peace upon equall conditions , which the Polander gladly accepted of,
all his provifions being fpent , fo that he had fcarce enough left for one day.
Of the Polanders and Germans were flain about 1 2 thoufand , befides many
that died of the ficknefs : Of the Turks were killed about one hundred thou-
5cfand, and as many more that died by other accidents, ^bout two years
after C>/J»4» the Sultan being fufpe<aed that he would change the Militia and
undertake a tedious pilgrimage to Mahumets Sepulchre, is forfaken by his
Janizaries, and his Uncle Mujiapha xciiotcd to the Government-, whofea- ^
ring leafl he might be depofed again as before, caufed ofman prefently to be
ftrangledj which done, he fends to C^epr an EmbafTador for confirming
LII the
The Second Tart of the Book. VL
-^ c7;r//^ the peace ; and allilts Twrrf» the elder to wa'te and plunder Moravia , but
j^^^;,^^^' (hortly after he is forced by the Janizaries to quit his government, and to
give place to Amarath 4. Ofvians brother being 16 years of age ^ fo in the
fpace of 1 6 months, Turkic faw three Sultans , whofe large bribes exhau-
ftedthetreafury :FortheSpachiand Janizaries efteem their Emperors
according to their bribes and donatives.
The tumults ofTarki fell heavie upon the greatefl: and wealthieft men,
whofe baggs were emptied and eftates plundered. Ar^iromm Baflai to
punilh the Janizaries infolencies, in offering to put their Lord to death,
raifed a formidable army in Afia , with which he threatned and affright-
,^2% cd ^he Royall City : The Perfiam laying hold on this opportunity, brake ^^
in upon the Turkijh dominions, feifeth on Sa^yhn, layeth fiege to Edeffam
of Mefofotamia. Arziron befiegeth Prtifta and kugeronia : A great army is
fentagainfttheFflrr^/Viw, which by him is much weakned and fhaken.
The Tartars to be revenged on the Ccjfacks , for the wrongs done by them
to the Hungarian Turks break in upon Pedelia ; Their firft expedition fuc-
ceededwel-butin the fecond they were drawn into an Ambufcadoby the
Po!a/)der, who killed multitudes of them. The Sultan underftanding that
Sias Ahauhe Parthian liing^ and husband of 800 Concubins was dead,
refolves to make a lafting & firm peace with the Part fiians '.therefore cau-
fed hrzirmim to fubmit, whom he made Governor of Befnia then he lets
^amktui drain at liberty from his prifon at Rhedes , and having defeated ^®
his competitor, makes him again King of T4r/4ry. TheFrew)& Ambaf-
fador who was imprifoned by Muflafha upon the efcape of Prince C$reskj
the Moldavian out of the Black Tower , was releafed by ofman. About
which time the Turks take Manfrtdonia in Sicilj^ and Vats in Hungary , not-
withftijnding the peace ; Prince Coresky is apprehended and ftrangled in
prifon : After two years of durance, he was a Lord of Poland, taken pri-
foner in the laft war. The 7«r/&j Gallies return from the Black Sea with
170 poor Ccjfacks in triumph ; The great Defterdar or Treafurer of Tur-
ky is ftrangled and flung out in his fhirt into the ftreets j for being too
rich. The Sultan flatters the y^rr^r to enter Po/W, but could not pre- 3'^
vail ; The Ceergians defeat the Perfiam , and lend many of their heads to
thePorti wherefore prefently a league is made with thofe (7Mr^^<M»^ ;
8coo Perfians defeated by the Turks neare M>f»l^ or Ninivie j at the fiege
of Babylon were killed between 5 and 6000 Turks : Newes alfo comes
to the Port from Babylon^ that the Perfians had befieged the Viziers camp
now in great diftrefs for wantof provifion , which caufed at Ctf»/?4»f/»o-
/)/f great diftempers; the Janizaries alfo mutinie againft Befiangi BalTdi,
for beating one of their order by the Sultans command , who could not
be appeafed by the Sultans intreatie, till theBafTai was difplaced. Tar-
tarian by the Turks inftigation invades Pedelia ■-, but returning thence 4®
with much bootie,is defeated, with lofs of his army.The Ce(facks upon this
prepare 703Frigot8 to fall upon the Sultans armado , which caufed great
fear in Conflantineple -, but by the mediation of the King of Great Britains
Ambaffador , who had made a peace between the Polanders and Turks,
the differences were taken off: Another mutiny this year is raifed a-
mong the Janizaries againft the old Chimacham George Mehemet Baffai,
whom the Sultan fwho would fain have proteded him) was forced to de-
liver up to their fury , who firft ftrangled him,and then cut off hiseares
and nofe, carrying them about in Triumph ; fome other great Officers j^
^Ifo they execute in fpite of the grand Seignior; nor were they yet paci-
filed , for thofe Janizaries who had no hand in the death of thefe
men, in a tumultuous way flock to the Seraglio pctitioaing with
threatnings that the Sultan would do Juftice on Segman BafTji, Lieute-
nant to iheitAga^^nd others who had bin authors of the laft murthers and
mutinies i
1^3 6
Chap. II.' Hiftoryofthe World. ■ 4.83-
mutinies ^ the Sultan. is bi'ought out into his Court , arid placecl in his 1rRr6^e, An. Chryt
Avho at Iflft with good words and wholfome advice pacjfieth 'thc.tumul't,^ijfj"-: ^^''v^x-;
ntnn Baflai's head is cut cflf before the Court doore^by the Sultan's command,
afterVvard divers Spachiand Jahiz^'ries, were ftrahg led apd flung into t!je
seit.' ■"';■ ■ ■ ,'^ , '■',' ': : \ ■■ ' ' "^[^'X.
About this time tiie Frince of DacU tomalic his credit the greatcr^"^r't|-^^
(; itrcs the Snk^n 'to write, a Letter to the Kirig and Princes united for t^tie li'
berry of G^Tw^^/r, thatthcy would pafevei cjn the union V. and liord'cor-^
refp'ondcr.cic v ith Ecthlccm (J,<hor^ <^,nd the Vifier or Governor of Buda.. Xhd
lo King of G rear Briiatn alfo.fends a Letter to the Gre^t Turk , concerning^^ihc ^^ ,, j^ ,
Treaty of Lyflgkr arid Timis^ complaining alfoof divfcrs wrongs done to' his
Subjeds, and requiring Jullice. To which thcTurk by his Letter aniwers.
that there fiiali be nothing wanting in him towards the maintaining of peace,
and union between themfelves and their Merchants ,' that fatisfadionfliall;
be made for wrongs done , and prevention ufed foV the future •• Overtures of
peace are made by the Viceroy of Naples in the King of Spaihe's name, witli
t-he Great tt^rk , and proniifes to fet free all TurkifJ) {[awes , to fecure the Sut-J
can 's Sub jedis in the MediterramM Sea , to fervc Turk'j with Eaft-/W/4 Coai-
modities , /^by the Red Sea, and to jTrocurc the King oi Poland' ibtt-^^ ^^^^
2c ftrain the Co(facks , from making ekcurfions'intp tlbe Black Seaj but this nc
gotiation canie to nothing , being found fraudulent',,' and 9pc|y' tO-affrighL.
Gabor , and to divert the Turks Forcdi from aidmg the enemies ot the houfc ttlC
Auftriii. At Babylon the Turks fled in the night, bp'riicd 'their^ents, and flun^' .^^^
their Artillery in Etiphrates •, the Fei-fiart purfuing , killed multitudes of them,'.
The next year Cemou in Arabia revolts from the Turk: ^ great .fleet is fent iti-.'-
to the Euxiri Sea to fhut in the Coffacks , in the ihtcfim fix Gallics of the "D,^
of Tnfcany took a-Galiionwithfomeleffer Ships of the Crf/><! ;flcct withricH^,
bootie, which caiifed 13 Gallies to be recalled from'the.Blacil Sea,, to pu'tfue-i
the Tufcans ; which they did, overtook them, and recovered th^ii: Ships wit|?.^
3c the bootie : A Perfian Ambaflfador arrives at the Ppirt with ovcrtj^res of pe:ac(fi.
and complaints are 'made againft the £»?■////; for foiiie wrongs done bythero,]^
zb{omcTkrkiJh Ships in the Red and Perfiari Scas; v»'hcreupon the King,' §.j
Ambaffadors fent Letters to the Englip for reftitution : Mean While the .I'fr-
(iam bcfiege i^chifca , take it , and kill 30c o Janizaries. Thenewes of Ac,-
King of Denmarks defeat , the Cefarians haftncd both the Turk and Gahor , to . ,
make their peace with the Emperor , it was articled that Gabor fliould be truej .j
and faithfull to the Emperor •, that he with his Army fliall depart out of C^-'; j
/rfr'i- Territories, that reftitution be made to C^/^ir of places, goods, and per-',
fons taken lately by the Prince ; and that tfic Princes Subjeftsfhall.dohd- .
40 mage to the Emperor. In the peace between C^far and the Sultan , it was a- :
greed that the new Forts built on the confines of Croatia fhould be deniolifh- ,:
cd, that all complaints be laid afide, no wrongs offered , fatisfaftionfor lof;^^
fcs made, and captives to be reflored, and Merchants to have free trade. Hi-
Ifl B;iflai , Gencrall of the Turk's Forces in Afia is raifed from the fiege o^Ar-. .
^niin, with the lofs of his rear Canon and Baggage, and with a mutiny in his ^
Army: This defeat was given by ./4^4/f^ BafTai 5 the Sultan Was much dif-
contcnted at this report •, yet refolves to profecute the war 5 therefore fends a
new Generall, and caufeth new Ordnance to be caft in his own prefence , hd- 161%
ping now to bring y^^^jf^i Baifai the revolted 7l»r^ to obedience. Not long
50 after the Tarta Han is openly declared a rebel! and enemy to ihtTurkifh Empire:
Sir Thomas Koe the Engltjh AmbaflTador at the Port is called home, after feme
conteflations between him and the French Agent, about the Jefuits , which by
his procurement, and the other Romijh Orders in Turkj were banifhed the
Turk's Dominions , except two which the French Ambaltador retained for his
own Familic : The Jefuits order had been ^ <> years at GaIma , they firfl quar-
Lll 2 celling
A.84. The Second Tart of the Book. VI .
jt»7ch7i(li celling with Cjrflltts Pmmch o^ Conjlafitit^ople, for maintaining theDo(5lrine
\^y'^^r^j of the Greek Church , Cwhich the Pope by his Emiflaries out of the Greek
Colledgein ifow^, creCicdhy Gregory^ endeavoured to fubvcrt) procured the
depofirionof Cyril^ and the inftalment of another. '1 hen Cyrd being refto-
rcd to his place, they got him to be baniHicd and imprifoned, who afterward
clearing himfclf, was re-cftabliflied-, upon this the French AmbafI'; dor, got the
ft.:nnp brought from ErgUnd ^ for Printing of fome Bookes of thcGrff^
Faith,to be pkindred : but this being rcftored again by the Vi^'ifr ,upon com-
plaint madeby the£«^////j, the Jefuits are feized on , and fcnt away in {hips,
with all their books and goods. lo
1629 The new eredted Vizier Hu^^erufh BaJJa, in the place of Hali Ba([a, , paflcth
over ^ich his Army into i^T^'tj where his faccefs was fo bad before Sagdar,
that he loft the third part ot his Army-, whereupon a new Vt'\ier^Halis Jchmat
Vfajla is made : fome conteftation fell out this year between the Engltjh
zndTurks, at Sea, which procured fome intercourfe of Lettere, and Comple-
ments between the Turk and King Charles of Great Brituin •, and fo the diffe-
rehcts were reconciled. Theold fO;(/>risdifplaced, and a CcfTation of the
War with Pfr/?^ for two years, is publiflied. HaUs Achmat Bajfa is made
Ff^e/y tothe difcpntent of the ^.w/^^Wfj who hated him, therefore one day .
1630 they knockt him down.froni his Horfe with ftones -, and though the 5«/f4»
came in p^rfort and interceded for him, yet nothing would fatisfie but his life-, 20
which in ihc futia^s ^rckncc^ they barbaroufly took away , by tearing him
in pieces. And the next rooming they mtitthe Seragl o^ and demand the
Mupiy with fome other of their Oncers o£ State , to be delivered up to themj
whofe lives by the Sultans mtreaty, were fpared, but their places taken away.
Thefe tumults \ycre raifed by the inftigation of Hufreff BajfayWho was difcon-
tented for being depofed : He was well beloved of tnc foldicrs for his bounty,
therefore Mortefa /^ajfa hath fecret inftrudions given him by thcS»lta»iO
ftranglc Hufreff, and to fend his Head privately to the grand Scignour •, which
was done accordingly , yet not fo fecretly , but that the knowledge thereof
came to the foldiers cars, who prcfcntly affemble, and rudely enter the houfc 3<^
of ther/;(ffr RegehBaffa^ who (hewing that he had no hand nor knowledge
in the murther, is forced to go with them to the Sultan^ and to know of him
who were the murtherers of Hufrejf: they ftay all the while in the outward
Yard-, he in the Evening returns and a iTures them, that thtSdtanwQvM fa-
163 1 tisfie them the next Morning. Then they gave out that the Sultan had mur-
thcrcd his third Brother-, but when they were brought forth alive before them,
they were for that night quieted. The next morning they affemble again, and
demand the Sultans Favorite to be delivered to them , which was done •, hira
prefeiitly they tore in pieces, becaufe the Sultans affedlion was greatly towards
him- then they fall into a new fufpition, that the Saltan had caufcd his three +°
brothers to be murthercd, after he had prefented them to the foldiers •, and up-
on tiiis they break into his Chamber , expoftulating with him for the death
of Hufrejf, and dcfiring the fight again of his three brothers, whom when
they faw , they rejoyced , recommending them to his favour, and the care of
his Officers. The next Morning, i\\cAgaoii\[t^Ani aries, who had hid
himfcir being found, was delivered by the 5«//4»"to them, who tore him in
pieces, and hanged up divers of his limbs in feveral places of the Town. All
Grangers during this ftorm, lay clofe within their own Houfes. The Dutch
Ambafladors Houfe was aflaul ted, and fo was the French, about fome Turkifj j®
1631 fliips taken and made Prizes, but the matter after fome debate, is referred to a
Trial in Law,
About this time Eleas Bajfa rebelled againft the Sultoft, and {poiled all
the Country near Smyrna , fo that the Conful and Merchants were forced
to Tranfport thcmfclves , and goods to Sdo. This Rebellion" was (up-
preflcd
Chap, i I. HiftoryofthelVorld. ^85
prefled by an army fenc thither from the Sultan. Regeb BaiTai the Vifier, ^«. C/^r;(^^
who was thought the firft a<5ter in thefe troubles , is ftrangled in the Sefaglio , i-^^V^^j
without any mutiny of the Soldiers,becau{e moft of them were abroad updn
fcrvicc. The year followiii" was memorable for the fight between two £>t- '
glip Ihips in the Bay of C/ijpwdra, and 30 Turks Gullies.
In this fight the Englijl) Ships took fire and were burned^divcrs were killed 5
the two >/iaflcrs , Harris and Wilde with 60 more , indeavouring to get to
fliore, were taken and put to the Oare. Of the Turks were (lain 1700. the iS^j
Captain Baflai hurt, and many Gallies made unferviceable. King Char Is up-
jo on the earneft dcfire of the Englifh Ambafladors, wrote to the Sultan in be-
half of the Captives , and for punifhing of the Captain Baffai , but to little
purpofc •, tnc King therefore to pacifie the Turk, ordered that noEngliJh fhould
trade in corn within the Levant : Mean while the two Captains died. A great
fire this year hapned in ByT^ntiam , which confumed fome thoufands of hou-
fcs •, and the Pcrjian war is renewed : The great Vifier is fent forth with a
part of the Militia , who durft not encounter the Perfians , but withdrew
himfelf by the way of Aleppo , where he fliewed his Juftice upon a corrupted
Judge or Cadee , whom for his wealth and briberic he fcnt in fetters to be a
flave in Cjfrm ; having firft cut his hairc , then he confifcates his great eftatc
2 o for the Sultan s ufc : A great fear fell upon all the ftrangers in Bj'^ntmn this
year- for their houfes were fuddenly fcalcd up : A r^«m<i» Merchant was
carried up to the Turret on his houfc, and tliere hanged , a red Flag being put
out to let the Sultan know that execution was done : The 4 Ambafladors of
France^ England^ Venice and Holland^ were carried to the Arfenall , and accu-
fed for building new houfes with Chappels without the Sultan's leave 5 where-
fore the French Chappel is commanded to be pulled down , which was done
the next day : The Merchants are impiifoncd, and are forced to pay 2000
dollais apiece for their ranfome .• The £;;^/;y7j payment came to 200c o dol-
lars, the 4 Ambafladors are again converted , and defiredto deliver up what
30 arms they had in their houfes upon pain of death 5 all other forts of people
were exadcd upon , but at laft the Sultan perceiving his error , and danger he
was brought in if this Tyrannicall ad fliould be known abroad, promifed
to make reftitution of other arms,though not of the fame that were takenCthis
not confifting with his h3noi)and fatisfadion for the monys feifed on,excufing
his fait, as being done of want , urged to raife money for his neccflitie. Thefc
troubles at laft were known to proceed from the French Ambafladors debts,
which they negleded to pay, though money was raifed in Marfelles to that pur-
pofe •, this made the Creditors call to the Sultan for Juftice.
The Sultan fearing a new infurredion of the Janizaries , caufed the Mujftd
40 who had all this while protcded himfelf under the great Turk , from their fu- ^^34
ry , to be put to death •, whereby they were quickly appeafed. The Sultan
prepares a great Army againft Poland^ for fome outrages committed by the
FoLicks and Coffacks •, this great army marched to Jdrianople, where they ftaid
40 days , till the mcflcnger returned from Poland, whom the Sultan fent with
certain Articles of peace; which were hearkned to by the Polander, and fo the
Army is disbanded. The French Ambaflador for fome mifdcmeanors is
fent home by the Suhans command , with his Declaration that he meant to
keep all fair correfpondency with the French Km^ , and the other Princes,
' whofe Ambafladors lay at Co;?/?4»r;«<?^/^. The Captain Baflai is preferred i^^j
50 and fcnt Baifai to 25Wrf : The Sultan refolvcs with all the ftrcngth he could
make to weaken the Perfians oreatnefs , therefore goeth in perfon with a nume-
rous army ; intending alfo by this to weaken his unruly ^ani'^ries , and to
keep them from mutinies by fuch imployments : In this expedition he took
Rei-van , a place of confcquence •, then marching as far as Tauris, rageth with
fire and fword without rcfiftancc 5 fo having loft divers men with want and
ficknefs.
4-86 Tloe Secmid Tart of the Book. VL
An.Chnp fickncfs, returns with more triumph then conqueft. The Snlt^n was no foon-
'"-''^^'''"^^ er returned, but news came that the Verfim with a great Army hefieged Rei-
•van. An Army is difpatched to raife the fiege, but before they came , being
hindred by their Syr^m^ or lent,the Town is taken, and the Turks in it put to
16^6 the fwordj orranfom. The ^'^'^^^(-jr/fj- finding that the -Sw/r^^ was notaffcdt-
ed to them, by employing them againft the Pfr//^;?^ , from whom Uttle was
to be had,but blows •, and that by thefe means he meant to weaken and wear
them out, they refolve foon to dcpofe him , others to put him to death. The
.S«/f4A? perceiving this, flings a fop among them to keep them from biting or
barking. He diftributes large fums, and fo mitigates their anger, andpro^i©
cures hisowafafety.
..ii-j-igA .I'.-Jh'" T ^ ^^^~
-UO/Ao ^;':!;'fij. .'.;.... C; -..iCHAP. XX[I. . '■ ■
^miwiinoi 3fl9t iiv^ar/ ji;/: 'l3i{j'tJi, .
Hhe^ Affaires df France Undst^i^hoxXs 6* Charls 7''', and Lewis i i''' ^fmn the
Ijyfeari^oj., ti/l the year 148:5, enterrvoven with thejlijlory of Burgundy, and
T.Mher hardening places.
, E have fhewed how during the indifpofition of Charls the *°
fixt ; The Duke of Burgundy caufed the Duke of Orleans
to be murthered , and how he fled into his own Coun-
trey of Flanders , where he found an Army ready ,which
1407 i^bS^^/i^ heconduded againft the Ligeoif, bccaufe they would
-rf^\ /m\ /M<&. j^Qj. j-eceivc the Bi/liop , who being of a great houfe, and
near in kin to the Duke of Bavere^znd brother to the Earl
of Henault and Holland , would not receive any higher order , then of a Sub-
deacon , abhorring the title of Prieft , upon hopes of attaining fomc rich
pofleflions , which fo troubled the Ligeois , that rather then they would ad-
mit him, they gave battel to the Duke o^ Burgundy ^ who killed 1 7 thou- 3*^
fand of their men upon the place J and utterly defeated them. Meanwhile
the Duke of Orleans his widow makes her addrcfTes to the King for Juftice on
the Duke of Burgundy , for the murther of her husband the Kings brother :
Burgundy hearing of this , rcpaires to Paris with a great train of armed men,
where he pleaded for the Juftice of his ail in killing him , who endeavoured
to kill the King , and had by witchcraft or poyfon brought him into this dif-
temper , purpofly that he might attain the Crown ; The King though he
1400 difliked the murther, yet pardons the murthcrer becaufeof his greatnefs,
which was fo much the more in that the Dolphin had married his daughter^
wherefore in a manner he governed both King and Kingdom. The young D. 4®
of Orleans fortifies Surges , which Burgundy attempts to take , but could not,
a little while after , a peace is made between them and the Englijh who came
to aid Orleans^ are difmilTed without their pay : They in anger caried with them
the young Count of Angolefme , Orleans his brother into England , where he
was kept 32 years. Mean while France is full of troubles by reafbn of the
King's weaknefs, the Duke of Burgundie's greatnefs , the heavy taxes laid on
1412 the people, which the Duke promifedto takeoff, and the £»^///?t Forces in
Normandy , who had already taken Caen , and Cherbourg , and were now
hdoxt. Rohan, burgundy having got one of the gates of Paris by the treache-
ry of ^ohn de Villiers^ to be opened to him , enters with a party of horfe, and 50
fcifcth on the King ^ the Dolphin efcaped , a great maffacrc is committed ,
for all thofe who had not the Saint Andrews Crofs ( which was the badg of
Y>urgundy) were murthered , among which were Qomt Armignac Conftable^
and Henry de Marie Chanceller ; who there loft their lives : This taking of
Paris caufed alraoft all the reft of the Kmgdomc to fide with burgundy. The
Dolphin
Chap .22. Hijlary of the JVorld, zl 8 7
Dolphin finding the troubles of Fr^mce could not end without the death of the An. Chrip
'B^trgundian , made means to have a Parley with him •, which bcintr oranted ^-.^ArVj
the Duke is prefently murthered by the Dolphin 5 whcreupon7Vji//V "^urgm-
die's {on , to be revenged for his Father's death, enters into league with the
King o( England^ who at that time had taken Rohan by Famin, after 7
months fiege, and withall delivers up to him Paris^ Charters^ Troy in Champa-
wf, the King, Queen , and their yong daughter Catherin-^ then he cites the
Dolphin to appear at Parts , there to be tried for this murther , but he not ap- 1418
pearing, nor any for him , isdeclaredunworthy tofuccecdtothe Crown, ha-
toving treacheroufly murthered fo greata Prince againft his Oath, and under
pretence of friendfhip and union ^ befides he married Princefs Catherirt by
her Father the King's confent to King Hcnr'^ of England , and was contented
that if King Charles dic^ King Hemy ihould fucceed to the CroWn of France ,
and his fons by A'^f/'m* after him.
King Henry as Regent of France takes in Ibme Towns, and leaves his bro- 1420
thertheDukeof C/^rw^e, to guide the kingdom, till he (hould return from
England^ whither he was going •, the Duke upon this, marchech out ofHoven,
with an Army, and fits down before Angters^ which hef^could neither induce
to fight, nor to ycild. At laftfetting upon fome Troops of French and
10 Scots^ who held with the J)<>//'/'i«, isflainin the place by them, and many
of his men taken prifoners, the reft fled, and foved themfclvcs by carying the
White CrolTe, the Colours of /"r^wf, iiWihcyczmc to Normandy. King
Henry upon the news of his brothers death, returns mioVrance^ where he
fhortly after died, and King Charles followed about fifty three days after.
jKatherin King Henries Widow, maried with Ojvf» Tudar^ a Welch Gentle-
man. In this Charles his time , the French reduced the Millanels that b^d
rebelled, to obedience of the Dutcheis his brothers wife. This King gave
the Dutchy of Nemours to the King of Nevar. The Dolphin and ^ohn his
Brother died, and CharUs the youngeft fucccdcth. This mad King reigned
30 forty two years.
To him fucceeded Charles 7. at the age of 2 1 . He contained himfclf fome- 1422
time within ^frry 5 wherefore in mockery, he was called by his adverfaries.
King of Berry : yet he ufed the Title and Seal of France^ though not as yet
confecrated at Rhemes. Whileft he was In his chief troubles with the Eng-
lijh^ a maid eighteen years of age, born in a Village o{ Lorrain, where fhe
ufed to keep Sheep, came to him, fliewing him that fliewas fentbyGodto
raife the fiege of Orleans : the King wondring at this, caufcd her to be exa-
mined by his Clergy, w ho perceiving her conffant and refolute , perfwade the
King to give her Arms, and fome Troops of Hoife, which was done accor-
4.0 dingly •, with thefe flie relieves the Town, raifeth the Siege , which had con -
tinued feven moncths^ and defeats the Englijh^ after they had taken divers 1423
Towns , and in f«ndry Skirmifhes beatpn the French. About this time the
Burgundian marieth with Ifabel^ daughter to King ^fohn of Portugal-^ and
King Charlsoi France at Rhemes^ is confecrated, whence he marcheth with his
Army to Paris : the Duke ot Bedford did good fervice for England^ but loft his
life before Orleans with a (hot from the Town; the Maid alfo received a wound
in relieving the Town. After this, fhe was taken by the £»^/z/?» at the fiege of
Compend^ which fhe had relieved ; but as fhe fallied out, fell into the hands
of her Enemies, who burned her for a Witch. After this, the EngUjb are 1427
50 defeated by the 5aftard of Orleans -, but the next year they take Vontarfon^znd.
the French Turnay, the Mafculine Prophecefs, that w as burned by the Englijh
is honoured by the Or/^^w^^ with a brafs Statue on their Bridge. The Eng-
lijh to countenance their caufe, fends for Henry the fixt, fon to Henrf 5, of Ka- j ^ ^^
therin, and Crowns him at Varis^, being twelve years old. Mean while King
Charles tzkes Carmtes , 01 Chartres , by a Stratagem. AnAmbufcadoe was
made
4,88 The Second Tart of the Book.VI.
JfKChriJli made in the dark,clofe by the Mte : in the morning a Carter is fent with FiHi,
'-'^"N'^'^ who offering to fell them to the Town , got the Porter to open the gate 5 in
break, they that lay in Ambufli, and made way for the reft of the Army, who
put all to the Sword that bore Arms, even the Bilhop of that place , becaufc
a Bftrgmdiaft,
Charles being nothing difmayed at the Bfiglijh proceedings, goctb on in ta-
king in of Towns, and the rather becaufe he finds Duke P^////> grow flack in
maintaining the Englijh caufc. Frarice in the interim is in a miferable conditi-
on. Multitudes fall off from the EngliJI} to the Burgundian^ whofe anger
was now pretty well fatiated with blood and niifery. A Peace therefore is i o
II 35 now propounded at Artebates^ or Aras, the French Gentry remonftrating that
they had no hand in the death ofthe Dukes Father, and that Frattcehzd now
fufficiently fmarted for that murther. The Duke wa^ willing to hearken to
Peace, but the 'EngUfl) in regard of their Title to France^ could not be fatisfi-
cd •, fo their AmbafTadors went away without effeding any thing : it was
then agreed between the King and Duke, that the King fhould build a
Church in the place where the Dukes Father was killed^ fliould place Ca-
nons in it, to do feryice, and appoint fufficient maintenance for them. Befides
the King bcftows on him and his heirs, the Cities 'of Mafcon^ and S. Gengon,
with all their privilcdgcs and depcndances •, The County oi Anxeure to him 20
and his fon Philif onely, for which they were to fwear fealty, and do Homage
tothe Crown of fr^tw?. Upon the fame conditions, he and his fon fliould
have the Towns above the River of Somme-^ fo low was the FrenchKmg
brought, and fo Potent a Prince was this Duke, that he was glad upon any
tcarms to disjoin him from the FngUjh • divers alfo of thcfc places were in
the Englifh pofreffion. Upon the report of this agreement, the Parifuns un-
der-hand, fend to the French Commanders abroad, that if they would pro-
cure their pardon , the City fbould be delivered up to them •, which being
promifed,and at the time appointed an Army ready at the Gates^ the chief Ci-
tizens crying aloud in the ftrccts,J'/'4w^, Vrance^ all the people prefcntly take 3^
Arms: ihe £»g"///^ being amazed at this, and feeing the /"rwf^ Army break-
ing in al] the Gates, prefently fly forfheltcr to the Baftile. Theftrccts arc
chained, all the Ertglijh, and their adherents, that could be found, mcn,wo-
mcn,aHdchildren,werema{racrcd. Thcfe in the Baftile ycilded upon promifc
of life, and fafe conduft to the next Towns held by the Engliftj. Burgundy
bcfiegeth Calice , but could doe no good, becaufe of the unrulinefs of his
own foldiers, and fome differences that fell out between him and his fubjdfts
at Bruges •, wherefore he brings his Army ftraight thither. He was let into
the Town, and fo many as tncy thought they could mafter •, the reft were - ^
excluded : but the foldiers within, breaking open one of their Gates, got out
again, and fo kept the Town from all provifion,that they were forced to beg
pardon of the Duke bare headed, and bare footed , and withall to pay him
a great fum of money. In the interim, the French are now in cafe to fend
Forces into Italy , for recovering of Naples, albeit the Englijh as yet were
not quite driven out of France.
About this time Lewu f^ whom Queen ^ane of Naples adopted, dicd,and
^ane her felf the year after. Ferdinand o/i Arragon, is advifed by his friends
to go for Naples •, but they who ftood for ^ njou, counfel the Duke of Bar^
Brother to the faid Lewis, is wifhed to haftcn thither , upon hopes he might
prevail before the reft, becaufe Queen ^ane had named his Brother heir to
the Crown. But he v. as prifoncr to the Burgundian, who had raifed his ran- ^
forae to a greater fum then was at firft demanded, becaufe now he was Duke -
of An]ou^ and Earl of Province, by the death of his Brother Lewis. There-
fore tr.it he ip'.ght take the fpeedier order for his ranfome, is kt at liberty up-
on his Parol, which he was careful to perform. But his wife ifabel, a Princcfs
' of
Chap . z 2 . Hijlory of the JVorld. z|.8 9
of great couragc,gocth into Province with her two fons, raifeth men, and pro- An.Chrtf't
videth Veflcls for her Tranfportation to Na^Us •, from whence Alfhonfm was ^-'''^^'^■'^
repulfed by the contrary Fa<aion to the Ille of lochia. But recruting himfelf
with more fupplies , he befiegeth Ca,]et both by Sea and Land. T'^tGennois
who had great {tore of wealth in that Town, and who flood for An]ou, de-
fire help from P/;///^ Duke oicMilUn, under whofe protetflion they were.
Philip fends help by Land , the Gemois by Sea : Al^honfu-s raifeth all the
ftrength he can in 5/>4»?, Sicily^ and Naples ^ to wit, nineteen great fliipSjthree
Gallies, and one Gallion .• the Cenuois were fcarcc half fo many , either in
jQ number, or greatncfs of Veffels : the fight was fliarp, and doubtful at firfl, but
at length, fome of the Genua fhips getting the wind of the Enemy , fell fo furi-
oufly upon the i_xfrr4^<)« Admiral, where the King and his Brother, the King
o^ Navarre were, with fix hundred foldiers -, that both the Kings were forced
to yeild. So the fiege upon the report of this defeat , is raifed from Naples :
the two Kings and three hundred Donns^ arc led away prifoners toCMilUn^
~where they are mofl magnificently received, entertained , and difmiffed with
rich Prefents by the Duke , to whom King Alphonfm flieweth reafons why
CMillan fliould rather hold with <^rragon then Anjou^ becaufe at lafl France
will become Maflers oiMi/lan, whofe difpofitions doe not fort fo well with
20 the MilLtnots^ as thofe of A.rragon do , as was obferved by ^ohn Galeas the
lafl Duke of Mill An.
Meanwhile //4^f / Dutchefs of A^jw*, arrives at Cajct., and from thence
at Naples , where fhe affembles all the chief of her Fadion •, but Burgundy
would not releafe Duke Rem her Husband, till he had delivered up Caffel for
his Ranfom. At which the Genuots flormed, who were in good hope tne two
Captive Kings fhould have paid the Dukes Ranfom, therefore were mad, that
they fhould obtain a viftory to their great cofl and pains, and Duke Philip
fhould have the honour of it 5 of whom they complain for difmiffing the
prifoners without Ranfom, and for ufing the Gemois (hitherto a free people,
30 and who had made the remote Princes, and Kings of the Eafl afraid of them)
as flaves. Hereupon they revolt, and afTume their former liberty ^ then with
their Gallies they accompany Duke Rene to Naples, where they made him to
be Crowned prefently. Which Ad: was approved and ratified by Pope E«-
genifts , for which caufe he was hated by the Duke of Millan, and Alphonftts
King of Arragon, who befiegeth Naples again, and in it Duke Rene of Anjou^
but the City was fo floutly defended, that i^rragon was fain to laife the
fiege, havingloflhisbrother by a Canon Bullet from the walls. But before
the fiege was quite raifed, a Runegado out of the City fhews Alphonftts a paf-
fage through a common flioar or kennel ; by this the t^rragonians enter the
40 City, Anjou &ICS to the Caflle., where having little hopes, makes his Compo-
fition with Alphonfus , and fo returns by Florence , where he faluted the Pope
into France, There he finds his brother Prince Charles in fo great favour j^^q
with the King,ihat the whole Kingdom was ruled by his Councel, which of-
fended divers great men, who advifed the young Dolphin to take Arms againfl
his Father •, but this plot was quickly quaflied, the Coiinfellors punilhed, and
the Dolphtn pardoned, who not long after caufcd the Engilfh to raife their
fiege from Deep. The Duke of Burgundy to take away all occafion of future
broils in France, refolves to reconcile himfelf to the Duke of Orleans , now a
prifoner in E«^/4«^ twenty five years; for this caufe he imploys his wife, the
50 daughter of Portugal, who made means by her AmbafTadors, to have a par-
ley with the King of 'England, on the borders of Flanders. An overture was
made of Peace, but could not take effed .• At length fhe obtains fo much fa-
vour as to fee the Duke of Orleans who was prefently fent for to Calice. There
fhe wrought upon him to forget all by-pafl injuries , and to marry with Marj
dapgh?er to the Duke of Clcve , and one of Burgundies fiflers •• by which
Mmm means
A^o The Second Tart of the Book. VI .
An.ChriJH means Orleans recovered four hundred thoufand Crowns to pay for his Ran-
^-''^^^'''"^ Com and a perpetual friendfliip is procured between thefe two families.
About this time Rene , or Renatus of Anjou , returns from Itdy , whofc
daughter Margaret is maricd to the King of England, and a three years Peace
concluded betv?cen tlie two Nations. The County of Mam is reftored again
by, the Englif) to the French, and Tome other places : during which Truce,fup-
plies are fent to the D. oi MilUn againft the Venetians^zvid the County o^ Afi is
nrft promifed, then rcndred by the Duke to his fiftcrs Ton the Duke oi Orleans :
and the fame day Duke Philif of Mtllan died, of ficknefs and grief; the Duke
oi Orleans claimed the next fucceflion to UHilUn, by his detiind Uncle, Duke i©
Philip. The MilUnois aimed at their liberty •, RegnauU the Vrench Comman-
der there, before fupplies could be fent him from Fr4«ff, befiegeth S^o, but
being beaten by the MtUanois , was forc't to rife and retreat to Jft^ with lofs
and difgrace : but Erancis Sforja , who had maricd Blanch, Duke Philip of
MilUm daughter , and received with her the City and Prmcipality of Cr«-
mona, who defeated the Venetians , enemies to Millaji, doth now fall off from
Mtllan to the Venetians , and taking Opportunity by the divers Fadions of the
Citizens, befiegcth the City , which for want of viduals yeildeth, and recci-
veth^/o/^/t for their Duke, before Vranceco\Adi fend any Forces thither, for
their Truce with E;i!g-/W was now broke by the E»^///fc, who took Tongeres.i®
Upon tliis the Trench took divers places from the Bngl/jh , and Rotten among
the reftj with the Duke of Sommerjet in it, who to have his liberty was forced
to deliver up five Vrench Towns, which were in bis poffeffion ? and upon the
furrender of Valaife to the Trench, Talbot is delivered out of prifon. A Bat-
tel is fought between Bayeux and Carenton, in which the Yrench beat the Ejig-
lifh^ and by degrees got zW Normandy again from them. Then the Trench
King mafcheth with his Forces into Gww,where he layeth fiegc to four Towns
at one time. Mean while ^«y^M»x fends to capitulate with the King, and is
furrcndred on their own conditions , which occafioncd the other Towns to
furrender alfo. And fo all Guienne returns again to the Trench , except Bay on- 3®
ne ; which at laft upon the fight of a white Crofe in the Clouds, or a Meteor
like a white Crofs, which is the Arms of Trance, as the red is of E»f /4»<J,thcy
deliver upthcmfelves to the Trench, preferring the white Croffe to the red.
Not long after, Beurdeaux falls off again from theFr^w^, and fends to
Talhot, who coming with five thoufand Foot to the gates , was let in. Up-
on this report the Kmg fends Prince ^ohn, the Duke of Burbons fon , with an
Army •• A battel is fought, in which both Talbot and his fon, loft their lives,
and Burdeaitx withall, which the King by building two Caftles, did fo bridle,
that they could not afterward revolt to the Trtglifh, who were all difmiffed by .^
1453 the King, andfuffered quietly to return home, having lofl all their holds in
France, except Calice, and fome places thereabouts. Prefently after this, the
Dolphin upon fome difcontent , takes leave of his Father for four months, but
intending to return no more again to the Court, whilft his Father was alive,
becaufe he more hcarkned to his Favorites, then to him.
About this time the Gantois rebelled againft their Duke', becaufe he cx-
adfed ofthemanew Gabelof Salt, and incroached on their liberties ? there-
fore they cruelly kill their Governour, but they were defeated by the Duke in
la battel, having loft twenty thoufand of their men, and were at laft content
to pay a great fum of mony , and to accept what Laws the Duke would im-
pofe on them. In France , the Kin^ was forced notwithftanding the wars
were ended , to maintain in Garifons five thoufand Foot, and fifteen hundred 5®
Horlc, to fupprefs the rambling foldiers, who went to and fro plundring the
Country people. At this time King Alphonfus made war in TujcMff^ upon the
F/tff^w^/w^, for their aid-, the King raifeth two thoufand Horfe, intending that
if Jlfhonffts were worfted, to march to Naples for the claiming a title to that
king.
Chap.ix. Hiftoryofthelf^orld. 4.91
Kingdome : the Duke of Savoj at firft dcnycd him pafTage through his coun- An. Chrip
try,bccaufe he was in League with Alfhonfm and Venice^ againft MilLw , and v-/^"^«j
the Floremim -, huithe Dolphin^ his fon in law, wrought fo upon him, that
at laft he yeikieth a paffage. But this Expedition came at length to nothing ^
For upon the fad news of the lofs of Confia,ntinofle , the Italian Princes made
Peace among themfelves. ^ohn Duke d' Alan'^n is declared by the King
guilty of High Treafon , for folliciting the Englijl) to return into France^
but afterward is pardoned : The Dolphin was now in ftead of four months,ab-
fent four years from the Court, carying himfelf like a King in his own Coun-
10 try, by making Laws, and receiving AmbafTadors •, the King fends an
Army with command to bring him to the Court •, the young Prince fearing
theworft, flyes to the Duke of S«r|-«Wv, who excufes himfrlf to the King
that being his Vaffall, he could not refufe to intcrtain his fonne. Peter Fre-
gefc Duke of Genua, being crofiTed by the contrary Faction, and fearing the
greatnefl'e of Alphonfm, King of K^nagon^ conveys himfelf and his eftace
into France. Mean while Alphonfus dieth , and leaves his Fathers king-
domes to his Brother ^ohn.^ but Naples to his Baftard fon Ferdinands, but ^45^
Pope CdixtHs would not yeild that a Baftard ftiould be King of Naples.
Ferdinand allcdgeth that Vo'^tEugeniw on this condition crowned Alphon-
loliu^ that Ferdinand might fucceed him, which was confirmed by Pope Ni-
celaiif.
Pope Pins who fuccceded Calixtus, to avoid further trouble , fearing left
Sfor^. and Ferdinand , who Were very intimate,^ fliould joyn their Forces,
and raife a new War in Italy, Crowns Ferdinand King of Naples, conditio-
nally that this fliould not prejudice thofe that could fliew Title to that
Crown.
Upon the report of this Coronation, ^ohn fon to Rene of Aniott, pro-
cures a great Fleet from Gentta and Vrovince, to make War againft Fer-
dinand at Naples, complaining againft the Pope for Crowning his Enemy.
30 Not long after ^ohn obtains a great Vi»ftoryupon Ferdinand, fo that he
was like to conquer Naples, had he not delayed too long till Ferdinand had
recruted himfelf. In the Interim the Genuois revolt from Duke ^ohn, and
CI. the Vrench , who had nothing now left them but the Caftlc with Savonne.
^ Upon this King Rene marcheth vi^ith a Yrench Army againft Genua •, but
being defeated , and two thoufand of his men cut in pieces , was fiin to
retire to Savonne.
Upon report that the Turk had taken Trape:{und , that great and rich
City in Pontus, the people fends to the Chriftian Princes for aid againft the
Tttrk, bewailing the miferable condition of Chriftendome. The Dolphin
40 being in the Burgundians Countrey, refolves to goe againft the Turks : His
Father fends firft to have him come and fpeak with him -, which hee refu-
fcd to doe, wherefore the King fends to the Pope, to know which way
he might difinherit this difobedient fon^ the Pope commends the Dolphins
real, and reproves the King^ he alfo animates the Vrench to ftandby the
Dolphin in this his noble intentions, lliewing to them the valour and devo-
tion of their Predeceftbrs , in fubduing thele barbarous Infidels: the Duke
of Burgundy alfo protefts to make a Voyage himfelf, or to fend an Army
againft the Turks. The Dolphin had then a fon born to him, whom hee
called Duke of Normandy : The King miftrufting he had been poifoned,re-
50 fufed to touch any Vidiuals ; At laft being importuned to eat by his friends,
tried , but could not fwallow , tlic paflages were fo narrow , and clung
fo together. And in this cafe hee died, thanking God that hee would
take him away out of this wretched life , on that day which was kept i^gj
in memory of Mary Magdalen, that great finner , defiring a fliarc in her
Repentance , as hee had in her Sinnes. Hee Reigned thirty and eight
Mmm 7. years.
/^^t 7~he Second Tart of the Book.Vf.
Jti.Chrip years. This was he that confirmed the Pragmatical Sandion, by which the
'""''"^''"'^ Popes power was much weakncd in France. In his time the Parliament of
Tholofe was ereded tor Languedoc, and another was fet up at Grenoble in DoU
fhiny.
To Charles fuccceded his fon Leivis ii. who had been a long time out of
Trance ; he changeth all the Governours and Officers of the kingdom,and is
made Umpire of a difference between the King of Cajlile^ and Bland ^
daughter and heir to the King of Navarre ^ and wife to the King of ^rra-
gon. To obtain the Popes favour, he rcnounceth the Pragmatical Sandlion,
and labours to make ihe Duke of Millan his ValTal ; he demands of the Duke i©
of Br it am ^ that he forbear the title of \_Bj the Grace of Cod Duke of Britany]
and that his fubjeds acknowledge the Trench King for tlieir Sovcraign and
Lord. War alfo is threatned, if the Duke Ihould rcfufc •• he being aftonifh-
ed at this , dcfires of the King fome time to aflemble and confult with the
States of his Dutchy, about fuch weighty matters. Mean while he ftnds
his Agents difguifed in divers habits, to the Kin^ of England , and other Fo-
rain Princes •, he makes alfo a ftrait alliance with Charles Count of Charolois^
Duke Philifs fon of Burgnndj^ to whom the King fends Ambafllidors , accu-
finghisfonfor allying himfelf with the Duke of Bntany , a great friend to
England •, and withall they caft divers foul afperfions upon him : the Duke *®
fufFered not his fon to fpeak , fearing hisraflinefs, but fpoke himfelf, excu-
fing his fons adions , and accufing the Kings breach of promifes. The
next day the Count fpoke for himfelf •, that though he had entertained amity
with the Dvkcof Brit any ^ yet it was not to prejudice Fr^wf, but to advance
the publick good. But lliortly after it appeared , that the Princes were much
difcontented, among the re HcharlesDuliCO^ Berry y the Kings brother,who
14^5 had all confpired to reftorc the Gentry and Clergy of Fr^wff , and generally
the whole people, now groaning under heavy preflures, to their ancient privi-
ledges and freedom. For this caufe the Count of Charolois enters Piccardy,
with an Army, as Lieutenant General to the Duke o( Berry -^ he marcheth 3®
towards Faru, and by Boats on the River Seine, feizcth upon the Bridge of
Saint Cleve. The Duke o( Pur hon chafethaway all the Kings Officers out
of that Country , and feizeth on the Mony, that was raifing for the King;
who was nothing dejefted at all this, but raifeth what Forces he can, and en-
counters with Count Charles at Mont I' Hery , where a fharp Skirmifh is
fought, to the lofs of above two thoufand -, the Count was wounded in the
ftomach and throat : it was given out that the King was flain, upon which the
Count d' Main {\ed, butthat report was fa Ife-, for when the King uncovered
his Head , and fliewed himfelf, his foldiers todc courage again , and fought
ftoutly. ; , ' 49
After the Battail was fought at ifefo;?/ i' Hery, the King returns to Corbeily
and from thence to Farts, where he ingratiates himfelf by fair words and pro-
mifes, with the Citizens ; for fo Sforfa Duke of MiUan , who had fent nim
fomc Auxiliaries of Horie and Foot advifcd him. By his affability he got
tlie good will of the Parifians , and then he goeth into Normandy to raife
ftrength there alfo. Mean time the Dukes, Counts, and Barons, had fate
down in three feveral places before Paris, whetha they fent fome Heraults to
defire them to fend fomc of their wifefl men , to know the reafons why this
Army fate down there •, and withall to deliberate about a way of Accom«
modation. The City having met and advifed upon this, fends the Bifhop JO
of Paris , with fbme other prime men •, to whom the united Princes fhew,
that the Kings infoknt Government, his changing of the Laws and Cuftoms,
his defpifing of the Nobility , and opprefllng of the people, moved them to
take Arms, that things might be righted, which would be done the fooncr, if
Paris the chief City, would by joyning with them, fhew good example to
others.
k
I
I
Chap.22. Hiftory of the World, 493
others. Hereupon the f/irz/idw thought it fit the City Gates fhou id be An. ^hnjii
opened to the Princes, conditionally that their foldiers would d<je no ^■'"'"^'^"^
wrong, but pay for vvhatthey take, and that the King? confent may
beiequiredin this matter. The King being advertifedot this, ex^rearn-
ly wa!> imaged, an'^ repairs toP^ra with fome Foot Forces, where hee
reproves the City in general, and particularly the Bifliop, for offering to
entertain a Parley with his Enemies : For this caufe the King hatf d him
ever after, and caufcd his Epitaph over his Tottib to be taken down. The
Princes failing of their intentions, and of the Cities affiftunce, refolve
10 to give the King Battel, which he altogether dec'ined , not wiiling to
hazard all upon an uncertain Battel, as Sforfa advifed him • but he mans,
and fortifies all the Gates, Walls, and Towns of the City;, great hurt
was done at Charenton^ by the Ordnance j fome Sallies and Skirmiflies
were permitted by the King, and Fortifications are raifed on both fides.
C<&iir»/(»*f makes a Bridge of Boats, for Tranfporting his Army, which
piefently after feizeth on fome of the Suburbs^and drives away the Kings
men from thcnce.Then a Truce for two days is agreed on^the King fends
his Chancellor to know the Duke of Berries minde, whom nothing will ,
content but the Dutchy ot Nermandj ; then the King defires a Parley
ao with Charohif, whom he flatters , and makes believe, that he was forty
his Chancellour, whom he fent to his Father had ufed any diftaftfuU
words, having no fuch CommiiSon. By this hegiined more of Cbaro-
bis, then he could doe by force. The Truce is from day to day renued ;
fothat now there is intercourfe between the City, and the Camp, and
revolting on both fides, chitfly from the King, whofe pretences were
not fo lpecious,as thofe of the Princes, which aimed at the publick good,
therefore the King gives ordfcr to (hoot all fuchasfliould either come
from, or go to the City without leave. A falfe report was brought to
the Princes, that the next morning the King meant to give them battel,
;:o which prefently alarumed them, fothat all night they ftood in battel!
Aray , for fear of furprifal • but this was only a falfe fire. It was alfo
given out in Nermmdj^ that the King and Princes had made a Peace , and
that Berry the Kings brother, (hould be Duke of Normandj, which gladed
the Hormans hearts, who longed to have a Duke. Mean while the Duke
■ ot Bu'bon enters Rdhan, and takes it in the name of the Duke of ^(frry.
Upon this, the King defires another Parley with Count Charolois^ where-
in he offers Normtridj to the Duke of B«rry, faiisfaftion to the other Prin-
ces^ the payment of his fifters mariage portion to theDukeof B«r^»3
and affiflance to the Duke of Lorrain , for recovering of NupUi '•> fo a
^0 peace is agreed upon, which the Princes willingly accept , becaufe of
Winter drawing on. Sferfa's Forces underftanding that the Peace was
concluded, returns home, having done much hurt inBurhns Country:
thus the begun War ended, but not the private grudges.
The Duke of Britain grew angry at this peace , by which Charelois ob-
tained all the chief Towns on the River of Semt, and the Kings brother,
Ntirmandj for Brryjf ^ whereas he who had been at more charges in this
War, then any other, except C/64rtf/e«, had nothing advanced himfelf,
either in his eftate or honour ^ therefore he with divers Lords , begin to
look on the new Duke of Normandy, as a rifing Sun, and to exped ad-
«Q vancemtnt by his means. The King who was cunning to fow the feeds
of difcord among the Princes, caufed a report to fly abroad , that whillt
the Duke of Normandy was lodged upon S. Kdtheri»s Hill n»er Roffon, till
the City was fitted for his reception in States the Britains meant tocary
him away into their Countrey , whereupon the Rohaners before the
day appointed for foiemnity , brings in the Duke without any ftaie at
alu
AQA The Second Tart of the Book. VI .
An.Chrf/i all, fave onely that the Clergy waited on him with the Crofs. Britsny
iJ*sr^ fea'iing that this people would be moved agaioft him, returns home , ta-
king feme towns of iVcrwWy by the way, which he fortified with Ga-
rilons ; Mean while the King comes with an Army againft his brother in
Rchm 5 who now being f orfaken by Brittattj^ and Charolois employed in a
war a gainft the Zif^foif , was forced to fubmit, and part withbothhis
Dutchies of Berry and Nermandj, and to retire again into Brittany, where
he had his firft affiftance in this late war.
The Government of Brittany is reftored to Bttrbeny for his good fer-
vice in recovering N$rmand'j to the King : Lorrain having received men lo
and mony from the King towards the recovering of N<jp/w,did wave that
enterprife, in regard his father and other friends, hadfobadfuccefs in
it heretofore ■-, he intends therefore to recover the right his anceftors
pretended to the Kingdome of Arragon^ having eroded the Pyrenians , he
began to profper well in SfAin , till the Plague feifed on his Camp , of
which difeafe he died : The King prefently upon this calls back his Ar-
my, andimploys it againft the Duke of Bm/fl»y, whilftC^4rfl/(»ftfishin-
dred by the Liegeeian war ^ for upon the death of his father Duke ?hi-
l/p of Burgundy, who held the Liegeoii in great awe , impofed a tribute on
them, and took divers places from them, for refufing to obey their
1467 young Bilhop i^ww of B»r^j»», the Duke of B«r^»»<!//« Nephew , whom 20
the Pope had confirmed in that rich Bifhoprick upon the intreaty of his
Uncle^and promife he made to raife an army againft the Turk s w*^ young
Bifhop could not in a long time be induced to take on him the Order of
Prrefthood : I fay, Duke Philif being dead, the Liegeois began to reaftume
their liberty ; therefore they turn the Burgundian Garifons out of their
Towns, which fo exafperated Charls^ that he enters their Countrey with
fire and fword, defeats them in a battell,takes Leigty and difmantles it,and
impofeth on them heavier burthens and taxes then ever his Father
did.
In this mean time King Letvie forceth his brother Charts and the Duke 30
oiBrittanj to make their peace with him, promifing his brother an year-
ly penfion of 35 thoufand crowns, conditionally he quit his claim to the
Dutchie of Normandy j at which time the Duke of Burgundy , having
quieted i/V^f^Af, and G4»/tf^, prepares toaffift hisantient friends, Berry
and Britanny. As he was on his march , newes came that they two were
reconciled to the King , which he did not at firft believe , fuppofing
this newes had been given out by the King , to hinder his march 5 but at
laftby Legats from the King and thefe two Princes, he was afluredof
their reconciliation : The King defires B«r_^«Wj to meet him at Perenne,
for finifhing this laft peace with all the Princes : They met according- 40
ly, and as they were in treaty about the peace; newes came that the
Liegeeis had again taken arms : Moft of the baniftied men being retur-
ned half ftarved , and like lavages in their overgrown haircs : They
firft take T(j»^m an antient City , where Zw^ of B«r^o» their Bifhop,
was with the Pope's Legat , who foafTwaged the furie of the Soldiers,
that little blood was fhed. When Duke Charts underftood that this re-
bellion was raifed by the French King's AmbafTadors ; in a rage he accu-
feth the King of his treachery and hypocrifie , and caufeth the Gates of
Veronne to be (hut , and kept with a ftridl: Guard , that none might goe -^
out or in, pretending that a Budget with Letters of confequence was
loft : So the King was kept prifoner two days in great doubt, what would
become of him; for he had both in his minde and eie,theTower clofe by
him' , where charli the fimple King of France was fain to renounce his
right to the Crown. The Duke fat in Counfell two days to know what
fhould
I
I
Chap.2i. Hiflory of the World, ^p^
fhouldbedonetotheiting ; Some thought it fitting thzt he RxoxAdde. An. chrifii
dare himfclf an enemy to the Zi^e'^w^, and afliy the Duke with an Arrays ^^"V^C
others would not have him to be releafed at all , fearing he would re-
veogt; this wrong 5 a third fort would hi»ve his brother fent for , to have
a coB<&rmation of the Conditions in the peace of Cenflans : The Duke
was content to let the Kin^goe free, if he would fend his Ambafl'adors
to £,/Vpfor a peace 5 which theKing fwore to do , and promifed alfo to
give tne Counties of Er«and Champnignetohxs brother, which pleafed
the Duke well , becaufe thefc Counties joyning to his , would make
him the ftronger, to refift future quarrels with the French King.
'° The King accompanies the Duke to the fitge of Leige : The Citizens
at firft made fome Tallies on the beliegersj but perceiving their prefent
dangers, and (trength of the enemies , fend their young Bifhop to his
Coufin , to mediate for them*, with condition he Ihould return if he
ctuld not prevail j but the Duke was foincenfed, that neither would he
hearken to any pardon , nor would permit the Biftiop to return, though
he was tied by his Oath : Then the Pope's Legal intjfrcedeth , defiring
the Duke to remember the Pope's goodnefs, whotipon the earneft re-
queft of his father , conferred this Biftiopriek on young Burbon 5 that
therefore he would be pleafed to bcftow this City upon the Pope , and
^° rpare their lives ; But this the Duke refufed, accufing the Legat for pre-
tendit>g to the Bifhoprick of Leige : So at length the City is taken, plun-
dred, and burned, and all the inhabicants that coul4 be found, cut in pie-
ces : Immediately after this , the King returns into his Kingdome , and
deals fo cunningly with his brother, by fuch as had an intereft in him,that
be got him to refufe Erie and Chamfaigne bordering upon Eurgundj, and in
lieu thereof, to accept of Guienne farther off. Not long after this, a fon ^^1^
is born to King Ltvfis^ Charis by name : The King willing to pick a quar-
teW with Burgitttdj, got fome difcontented perfons to Petition him a-
gainft the Duke's injuftice and oppreffions , fhewing alfo that he had in-
30 croachcd upon the King's Territories, and broken the peace : The
Ring upon this, calls a Counfell , where it is declared that the Duke had
violated the peace 5 wherefore he is fummoned to appear , which he
took fo hainoufly that he imprifoned the Meffenger , but afterward fent
him home : In the interim Amiit$s and Saint ^intins return to the Kings
obedience : Who fhortly after began openly to force other places. Here
upon the Duke fends to his friends and allies for aid : The Duke of
Cmeme fends him Letters privatly, that he would fend him fupplies , the
Ring perceiving how earneft Burgundy was to recover \^miens , and S.
^imins, fends to him , that he fiiould have them again if fo be he would
4^ renounce alliance with the Dukes of Brittany and Guienne , and not af-
fift them fo long as^ic had wars with them : To this the Duke conde-
fcended. The Ring in the interim fends under-hand to the Governours
of thefc two places , to keep off the Duke with fair words, and not to
furrender the Towns ; Burgundy underftanding that the King meant to
cheat him , and that he had already begun to make war upon the Duke
of Cuiennt, enters France with his Army, and firft befiegeth BeauvM^
but could not take it 5 therefore he marcheth towards iV^rw^ff^/^, tojoyn
his Forces with Brittany againft Rohan 5 but on the way newcs came that '47^
the Duke of Cuimne was dead : And the Duke of Brittany would not
50 now joyn with Burgundy. Seeing now Guienne was fallen to the King by
the death of his brother, the Duke of Burgundy was fomad with the
King, that he gave out the Ring had poyfoncd his brother by fome of
his feivants j and furely the hatred he nad towards him, might caufe fu-
Ipition,
The Conftable was the Duck's great enemy, and be was fufpcded to
blow
A^^ neSecondTartofthe Book. VI.
An.Chrilli biovv the coles tor this tlame, and to be the chief fomenter ot this war^
^-^'^v^-C for he cntring into E«y^«»df;y,caufed all places to be fet on fire, whether he
1^16 came: At a meeting he gave the lye to the Duke's Ambaffadors; which
procured him much hatred. The King and Duke being both willing
to be rid of him,conrpire his death^but he was fo potent and cunning,that
he would truft neither of them , but flood oq his own guard ; therefore
he turns the Kings Garifon out of Saint jg«/»fiw, and puts in aGarifon
of his own. When the King fent to fpeak with him , he refufed to
come without his Guard, and aflurance of fafety; therefore a bridg
was fet up over a river, and a bar like a lattice in the middle , that they i o
might have the fight and fpeech of each other 5 at laft the bar was bro-
ken down, and they after privat conference departed good friends, A-
boutthis time P«r/>/^»4» one of the fy<'«f A Towns revolts to the ^rr4-
^o»;<i» i but it was furrendred again upon certain conditions. Peter oi
Burhon, Governor o( Guienne, is taken prifoner by Count ^e Armignack^
who not long after is put to death for incelt with his fifter, and they were
hanged who betr^ed Burben.
The Duke of Ntmsms is condemned for Treafon,and beheaded. Anne
the King's eldeft daughter, is married to B«r^o», and ^eane the younger
who was crooked and deformed , to Lewii Duke of Orleans , afterward 20
hewiii'i. About this time the Order of Saint UW^f A<<f/ was inftituted
by King Lewis 1 1 which he fent to the Duke of hrittanj , but he refufed
it, fearing to offend the King of £»^/W, and Duke of Burgundy, his
true friends ; This the King took ill , that a Duke fhould fcorn to be
his brother in that Order: This Duke of B«r^«»rf'jf helped to eflablifh
King Edward oi £»^/Winhis Throne, to make himfelf by this the
ftronger againft King Lewis, The Duke of Gelders at this time is impri-
foned by his own fon , but fet at liberty again by Charts of Burgundy^
wherefore Gelders difinherits his fon , and makes Burgundy his heir : Who
having obtained this rich Dutchie , fends a fumme of money to Sigif-
Mund Duke of Aujiria , the Emperors brother , who mortgaged the 30
Countie of Ferrefle for this money : Then he endeavonrs to obtain all
the land lying between the Dutchie and Countie 5 for this caufe
propofeth the marriage of his daughter to Maximilian the Emperor's fon,
and labours what he could to be Lieutenant of the Empire ; but the
femperor perceiving his ambition and covetoufnefs forfook him , at the.
meeting in Trevers without bidding him farewell : Yet the Duke profe-
cutes his defigne.
There was then great contefVation about the Bifhoprick of Colen 5 he
ftrives to put in Robert his kilman, who had been driven out by his adver-
faries : This was not well refented by the Emperor, that aftrangeri©
fhould meddle with the affairs of Germany. Then having called a Diet ,
he fends aid to Nuz , at that time befieged by Burgundy : In the interim
King Lewis by his AmbafTadors reconciles Auftria and the Swit^rs , fo Si-
gifmundhy their help recovers his Countie of Ferrette without paying the
fumme borrowed. At the fame time alfo Rhenatus, or Rhette, grandchild
to Rhence^ King of Sieily had obtained by right of fucceffion the Dutchie
of Lorrain : He by the French King's infligation , declares war againft
Burgundy, and pillaged a party of Luxemburg which belonged to him.
The Burgundian is now full of troubles , for the French King takes divers 5c
ot his Towns : Mean while the Conflable of France loft his wife , the
King's filter, by which hebegan to be more in danger of the King
j^jj then before, who for his fitters fake winked at many things. Where-
fore to procure the Duke of Burgundies favour , he defires the Duke to
fend him fome Forces, to put within Saint ^intirn, which he promi-
< fcth
I
i
Chap. 2Z. HijloryoftheJVorld, ^9-7
(eth todeliver up to him, but he could not be lo good as his word5though An.Chriftt
Forcegvvere Tent. ^sr>^
The K'ng invites the Conftable to make waruponW£W4«/?j which he
fefufed to do, hecaufe he knew King Lfir» meant to take away his hfe^
the King upon this defires to fpeak with him 5 he returns anfwer , that if
the King would fwear upon the Crofs of Saint Lau. which is in the
Church of An<?_tTS^tQ^o him no harm by himfelf or any other, he would
come. NowtheTraditii n wa?, that whofoever fwote on that Croile,
and perjured himfelf, (liould die within a year after; the King would
ji-, upon no tearms fweare, which increafed the Conflables jealoufie. Mean
while the King of £»_g/d«^comes withan Army to C<j^*fupon Burgundies
invitation , who had now laid fiege to Naz, a whole year, but at la ft he ri-
Jeth upon the perfwafions of the King of England^ and the Popes Legat 5
who procured that during the difference concerning the Bifhoprick of
Cokn^NuT^ fhould remain depofitat in the Popes handSjthen^wr^W; (ends
his Army to quarter in Lorrain ^ purpofly to vex DukeJJf»^ Burgundy
is invited again by the Conftable to feife on Saint ^imin 5 fbme Englifh
to this purpofe are ient before , who being beaten off from the Town
with great Ordn3nce,diftieartned Ring £yw4r^ from any further attempt.
In the interim whilft Burgundy was gone to Lorrain for his Army , to joyn
20 withthe£»^/;y^: a peace is propounded between France and England^
which fo much difquieted the Duke of Sttrgundy , that he fends Letters
totheKingof £»^/W full of gall, accufing his ingratitude towards
him 5 who of a poor baniflied man had made him King. The French
King mean while Courts the Conftable with fmooth Letters : One time
the Conftable fent a meflenger to the King , who being called into the
Kings Chamber , where fbme of JB«r^^»W/e/ chief fervants were hid be-
hind the Hangings, told the King openly that the Conftable had wrought
fo with King Edward , and Duke Charts, that they were quite parted, and I4^3
that ill language had been given by the Duke to theKing : Atlaft the
^C5 peace between the two Kingdoms is confirmed, in which Burgundy is alfo
included. After King fa^w^rrf was gone home, King Lew^ and Duke
C>?'(Jr// plot together to be revenged on the Conftable for abufing them
both. He remonftrates to the FrenchKing how carefuU and faithfull
he had always been to preferve the Kings Towns : TheKing feemingly
acknowledgeth it, and commends the Conftable, telling his meflen-
ger that in his Counfelshe wanted the Conftables head- piece; which
the King meant otherwife then the MefTenger underftoodit : For the
Kingmeant to have his head. Therefore it is agreed between the King
and Duke , that the French (hould have his body . and the Burgnndlans
his goods and Saint ^/««>». So that the poor Conftable is now for-
40 Taken by all his friends , and knows not whether to goe , nor what to
doe.
At laft after long deliberation, he refolvcs to caft himfelf upon the
Duke of Burgundy, as being eafier to be appeafed then the King , there-
fore retires himfelf into Henault to iho{Gi\\zt commanded there under
the Doke , who was then before J:Jancy , Hoping to take it , and to be
Maftcr of all that Dutchie ; Thither came feme MefTengers from the
King, demanding according to agreements, the Conftable; the Duke
. who alfo undcrftood that theKing had now an Army upon the borders of
^0 Catfipaigns , was in doubt what to do .• To deliver the Conftable was
Treachery, to retain him, dangerous , and a means to loofe his hopes of
Nancy , therefore fends order , that on fuch a day the Conftable fhould
bedelivered to the French,hoping before that time, iV4»cji would be ta-
ken, and then he would recall bis Warrant ; but the day being come,
Nnn the
^p8 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Chrifti the Conftable is delivered up, and carried away 5 and within three
^-"■^V^ houres after , Newes came that Nancy was taken : The Conftable who
had delivered up Saint ^intin, and other places 10 the BurgundUn^
is Beheaded at PatU ; But after this , the Dukes affaires never pro-
fpered.
SigifmutidD\ikcof K^uflria^ had by the help of the Smtz^rs reta-
ken Ktrreth from Duke Cb'arls : Wherefore he denounceth Warre a-
gainft them. They humbly dcfire peace , and promife all faithful! fer-
vicetotheDuke, if he will entertain them; They affifted Sigifmuud,
onely to recover his Right ; they fhew alfo the poverty of their 10
Countrey , not worthie to be Conquered j But he goeth on in his
relolutions , and would not be diffwaded from this Warre j he raifeth
a formidable Army, hoping not onely to fubjugate the Swit^ers, but
alfo to make himfelf great in //<i/)f , becaufe Frederick, Prince of Taren-
tttm^ fon to Ferdinand, Kiag of Naples , was come to marry his daugh-
ter 5 befidesold Rene of Anjott, King of Sicily , had promifed to quit
his right in Sicily to Duke Charles, and would alfo put into his hands
the Countie of Provence , having now no fonaes of his owne. The
Duke of MiSan fearing the Burgundian greatnefs , fends to confirm his
Leap,ue with France. **
The King of P<»r/«^i!i^nearly allied to Duke Charles, comes to France
to procure a generall peace. The old King of Sicily alfo comes to fee bis
Nephew King Lewis. Mean while the Duke of Burgundy takes LaufaU"
ne from the Swit:{ers j and fliortly after Cranfon , where he hanged
five hundred and twelve 5rv/>ai<rj , which foinraged the reft of that Na-
tion j that they raifed a great Army , fought and defeated the Duke,
took all his Baggage and ammunition , regained Cranfon , unhanged
and buried their Countrey men, and hanged as mzny Burgu^diatts as
they found in the Towne-
The Duke having recollefted his difperfed Forces, and raifed new,3'
fends to Flanders for a fupply of money , which was promifed if the
Dukes perfon or Dominions were in danger , but not on a Warre fo re-
mote and needlefs ; Notwithftanding he returns with a new Army, and
befiegeth Morat. Rene Duke of Lorrain then in France , is made Generall
of the Smtzers, againft Duke C/w/w their Common Enemy, having ob-
tained money and men from King Letvit j becaufe he was to pafs through
the B«r^W/'4» Territories to the 5«r//z.rf/. A fecond battel is fought,
and a fecond overthrow given to the Duke , 21 days after the hrft.
The Dukes high fpirit could not be broken with this misfortune , but
fwelled bigger , raging to be twice beaten by ayoung unskilfull Prince, 40
and a bafe beggarly people as he called them; whereas he had beaten fo
great Potentates heretofore, refolves to have the third incounter with
them. In the interim , by the Smtzers help , Lorrain is reftored again
to his own Countrey with great joy : Duke Charles could not be dif-
fwaded by the A^ing of Ptfrt*ig4/? , nor his other Friends, from fighting
again with the Smtzers , nor beleeve that King hewu had all this w hile
contrary to the peace aided Lorrain with men and money , obftinate-
ly goeth again with a Frefli Army , and befiegeth Nancy in the dead
of Winter ^ where he loft both his Army and life.
The newes of which was fo welcome to the French JTing , jg
that he gave the MefTenger one hundred and fifty Marks ofSilver-after
his death , the Prince of Orange beeing of great Power and wealthie ,
puts into the iiTings hand , both the Dutchie and Countie of Burgundy^
for the flower of the Nobility was killed in the laft three Battels :
So
Chap.iz. Hiflory of the World. ^99
fo little refiftance could be feared: TheKing comes with an Army into Pic- An. Chnfli
f4r^/?,and regains his Towns there,which the Duke had kept trom him. ^^-'^^vn^
Mean while i»/4r^ the Duke's heir and onely daughter, lends Ambal^
fadors to the King , deliring him to remove his Army from her borders ,
and Ihewing that by the Sttlique Law of France , fhe could not be exclu-
ded from the Counties of Flandtrs, Jrtois , and the adjacent places,
that he ought to proteft and not injure a young Lady and Orphan, who
would make a fitter match for his fon the Dolphin , then the daughter of
England can. Thefe Ambaffadors having goods and lands in thole places
10 which the King had taken, in favour of themfeves complyed in fome
things with the King.
Philip Crevecure Governor of Arteis is abfolved by King Lewis from his
Oathof AllegeancetoDukeC/'-jr/fT fo that he becomes now fervant
wholly to the ff^»f/& , by his means the JTing recovers Arras, zndBou-
tongue. The iring fends to Princefs Mary his Barbar, one oliVir, to per-
fwade her privatly to put her felf under the proteftion of Frame,
from whence Ihe is both by the Father and Mother : The Princefs was
then at (j4»»/ , of whom the Townefmen were focarefuH, that they
fufFered none to fpeak with her in privat ; wherefore the Barbar being
20 fufpe^ed , was commanded to depart thence , who prefently retired to
Turnajy where he carried himfelffo cunningly , that he got thirty of the
ftouteft there to aid him upon all occalions, wherefore he writes fecretly
to the Captains of the next Garifons , that they fail not to be atTiirnay by
break of day the next morning , which was done 5 fo one of the Gates
was opened , they were let in , and the Town taken. Upon this the
Cantou aflemble the States of Flinders , who appoint a Counfell for go-
verning the Princefs : Then they fend Ambaffadors to France^ to acquaint
the iCing , that the Princefs had condefcended to be ruled altogether by
their Counfell. The UTing willing to make diffention between the Flemlas
00 and the Princefs cJWdry J Counfellers, affures the C^wroir that their
Chancellor Hugonet , brouglit him Letters from their Lady quite contra-
ry to what they faid j wherefore when the Ambaffadors were returned
to aaunt^ the Chancellor Hugtnet is accufed of Treafon , and of the lofs
oi Arras ^ and fo is beheaded. *
Shortly after this , the Ganteit fets at liberty the Duke of Gelders fon,
ft| who had been imprifoned there by Duke charls of Burgundy , him they
" imploy to regain T'o»r»4iji.- But the King's Garifon there fallies out upon
him,defeats his Forces,and kills him on the place. u/frr45 hoping to be ai-
ded by the-Gantois, rebelled againft the Ring, bat he fhortly reduced them
AQ again,and fends away the Inhabitants to another part of the iiTingdome,
add planted Frfw^ men there. About this time, Maximilt*n the Empe-
rors fon comes \nioF Under Sy^nA matcheth with the Princefs Mary.k little
before the Prince of 0r4»ge who had hitherto complied with the 'French
upon hope to recover by the King, his Grandfathers lands detained
from him by Duke charls s and now perceiving he was deluded , raifeth
Forces , and fights the Governor , one thoufand men are flain on both
fides : hereupon a great part of the Countrey revolts from the King ,
but Charls oi Amhois the new Governour fent by the King, recovers in
a (hort time the Towns that had rebelled, and burned Bole 5 and now the
-Q i^ing began to entertain the SwitT^rs , 6000 whereof he kept in pay con-
tinually, and put down the Archers inftituted by C/'rfr/i 7. Greattrou-
bleMrife in M//4» upon the death of DukeG4^«^, who \vas murthered
in a Church : He left one fon very young , Piobert of Saint Severin the
Duke's next kinfman , labours to perfwade the French A"ing to attempt
Italy, buthewasunwilling,becaufe the French could never enjoy any
Nnna thing
500 The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
Jft.Chrilli thing they gut there , nor could he ever lend Forces to aid the Florentins
■,^^y^-\/^>is his allies, but ftill they were fet up^m by Pope Sixttts , and FerdinAttd
King of ^4^/'/ ; yet to intimidat the Pope, he calls aGallican Synodal
Orleans, toadvifeaboutthereeftablifhing of the Pragmatick Sanftion
\n France, and abolilhing the power of lending money thence to Rome
for bulls ^ but here was nothing concluded; The next year they meet
again at L?e»^i mean while the Pope revokes his cenfures againftthe
Florentm, abfolves and makes peace with them. The Kings Ambafla-
dor returning trom Florence , goeth for Millait , where he recciveth in the
Kings name the homage due to him from Borne, the Dutchefs in behalf of iq
her young fon, for G£««4j whereof he was then Lord, and which held
of the Crown of France.
At that time Province fell to the French King by the death of Rene King
of Sicily . in whom the male kinde of the houfe of Anjou failed , where-
foie Anjou and Main return to the JRTing and Province aIfo;by the laft will of
Rene, of which young i?wc Duke of Lfr/-<j/» complained. In the inte-
rim iJ/)x/w//^4» fights the French at Terovenne , defeats them, and be-
comes Mafterof the place : KmgLtxvii not willing to hazard any more
upon uncertain battels, defiies peace, which was obtained by the death
of Mary the Dutchefs , Maxintilidns wife, who left two young children,
Philip and MargAtet , the Ganteii who undertook the tuition of the young 20
children , offer the French King , that if he would quit his allyance
with £»g/4W, young Princefs Margaret now three years old, fhould be
conveyed into France to be betrothed to the Dolphin, with whom in
marriage (hould be given the Counties of Artois and Burgundj : To this
the King aflented. The peace is concluded , and the baniihed Art0iftens
returned again to Aras , which fince the banilhment was new-named
Vrinch Town : Not long after this , King Lewis being fickly and 60 years
1483 old (an age which none of his predeceflors fince Hugh Capiel the firlt King
of that race have exceeded) departeth this life , having afted the Fox
rather then the Lion all his reign ^ he was delTrous before his death to fee 30
his fon Crowned , therefore fends to Reims for the holy oyle , which ar«
rived at Pleffis in the Suburbs of Toitres , as he was giving up the ghofl.
CHAP. XXIII.
The Profecution of the Hiftory under C harls 8. Lewis 1 2. F-rancis I . Henry 2. .
Francis 2. CharlsS. Henry 3. Henry 4. Lewis i^.from thejear 1483.
tiB 16:^3. wherein the lives of the Popes, the affairs df Italy, Spain, and O' 4®
ther bordering Countries are touched.
rOLwAf ii.fucceededhis fon eharls8. at 15 years of age^
' whom his Father would fuffer none to fee , but his do-
meftick fervants , nor learn any more Latin but this fco-
tcnce, quinefcit diffimulare,^c. He that cannot difTemble,
cannot reigne. In the beginning of his reigne he calls a
Parliament atTiures, where each man had liberty to fpeak,
which was denied by the former King j here complaints are made againft j^
him (though dead) for infringing their Liberties, and antient Cuftoms,
with the Taxes laid on them. Among other things that were defired,
the Pragmatick Sandion is much urged, and received. It is ordered -that
^»»r the King* eldeft filler fhould have the charge of his per/on, anda
Counfell of twelve men to rule the Kingdomej fomc would have had
Letvit
Chap. -'3. HtjloryofthelVorld, ^ot
Lervis Diikc of 0r/^4W,firft Prince of the blood jto be Govemour-,but that mo- An.Chrlfii
tion vvns rejcded,becauf; he was too youngjbeing twenty four years old oncly, \U^^r\j
and under his mothers tuition : He thinking himfelf wronged by being rc-
jeded from the government, endeavoured to force it, therefore began to raife
men at his own Toun of Orleans^ and to make that the leat of the War-, which
the Townfmen perceiving, fliut their Gates againft him: fo he was forced to
retire , and raife forces clfewhere, which when he had done, were prelcnt-
ly fcatcercd by die Kings Proclamation : therefore this was called the foo-
lifli War.
10 In Britany Peter LauJais the Dukes great Favorite, was extreamly hated,
both for being fufped:ed of the Chancelors death , and for his greatnefs with
the Duke-, therefore the Nobility of that Province confpirc againftLW^*-,
whom they thought to apprehend in the Dukes Bed-chamber , but he had e-
fcaped by a back door ; a great commotion is in the Town, thinking 'the D.
had been flain -, but it was appeafed, by his prcfence exhibited to the people.
Thmgs being quieted, thefe Noble men that occafioned this uproar , are ba-
niflied ^ and Laudais in greater favour then ever : So that an order is made
for pulling down the Houfes and Caftles of all that had a hand in this confpi-
racy -, For eflfeding of which, an Army is raifed ; The banilhed Lords un-
aoderftanding this, return to Sritany , and raife an Army of their faftion. But
when the two Armies met, they bethought themfelves to be all of the fame
Country and Language , fling down their Arms iti pity, and lovingly im-
brace each other, turning all their hatred againft Laudais^ whom they undcr-
ftood was in the Caftle of Names ; they refolve then to pull hini out of the
Dukes Arms ; yet by general confent they choofc a new Chancelour, whom
they(entto acquaint the Duke, that the peoples fury could not bee fatisfied
vyithout the life of Laudais , yet promifing that he ihould have a fair Triall
according to Law. So he was apprehended, imprifoned, and attached of
many hainous crimes, for which he was condemned, and hanged , before the
30 Duice knew his Trial was begun, who otherwife meant to have pardoned him;
this exafperated the Duke more then before .• fo he choofeth a new Chancelor.
About this time the Duke of Orleans comes into Br/>4»y, with a great Train,
which fo miv^h difmaid the Lords, that they repaired to the French King^ then
went out a repoit, that Orleans meant to repudiate his crooked wife,the Kings
fifter, whom he was forced to mary, and rcfolvcd to have for his wife, Amte
the Duke of Britains only daughter and heir.
The exiled Lords flriving to live fecurely in their own countrey, provoke
the King to raife Arms againft the Duke of Britanj, promifing their beft fcr-
vicc and afTiflance, which they did fo well , that fuddenly entring Britanj,
tf) tliey caufed many Towns to yeild to the King , taking many prifoncrs , of
whom they exacted great ranfoms. The Britains that were for the Duke,
having made a Body of fix hundred Horfc, and flxteen thoufand Foot,were
marching againft the Enemy, to relieve Plermel^ then befieged ^ but in theic
rnarch, one of the Army ftood up , and wiflied them to confider that their
Duke was altogether ruled by the French^ and yet they were marching againfls
the French • and that therefore it were beft every man fhould return to his
own home , and live quietly. Upon this they all disbanded. Plermel is
taken •, fo is Venues^ without blow. Nantes is befieged forty fix d jys ; from
which they rife , having done nothing, and with fire and fword they rage
50 over all the countrey, driving away all the cattle 5 at which the Sritairt^ Lords
murmurc, faying, they were better return to their Duke, who had proffered
pardon to them, and enjoyment of their goods , then to be thus^ufed by the
l^xench. So then they began daily to fall off from the Kings army. Divers
Towns alfo revolt from the King, to the Duke •, fome of which are re-ta-
kcn aoainby the Vnnch. This mifcrable condition of Britanj made the
Duke
501 . T^he Second Tart of the Book. VI.
A».Chrifti I>uke fend Embafladors to the King, being then eighteen years of age. They
'-'""^^^^ found him at Angers, to whom Count Dunois remonftrates the miferable con-
'4°S dition of Britarfj^ and that the Puke never intended any War againft France^
but was contented rather to luffer his countrey to be over-run by the Kings
army , then to make rcfiftance. They confefs the Duke of Orleans, and
Prince of Orange^ had been in Britany, not to raife arms againft the King, as
wasfalfly given out, but to vifit and comfort, the Duke being much affli(fted
for the untimely death of his eldeft daughter, which they were bound to doe
in refpcdt of their near confanguinity. They grant alfo,tnat the Britains took
Arms to xdkve Plermel, but when they underftood it was the Kings Army lo
that befieged the Town, they prcfently disbanded : Bcfides they fay, that
the Duke had reftorcd to the exiled Lords, all their Lands again, therefore
the Duke humbly defired Peacc^ which the King granted ; yet he put it off
a while, till he faw what became of Tongeres^ wnich was befieged by Engbjh
Britains-^ the Town at laft was furrcndred upon Articles , that the Garrifon
fliould depart with their lives and goods. Then followed a Skirmifh, be-
tween the -Fr^^f/' and Britains, in which one thoufand two hundred on both
fides were killed, the Duke of Orleans, and Prince of Orange are taken pu-
foncrs. At laft the Peace is concluded, upon this condition, that the Vrench
fhall retain what Towns they had taken in Britanj. Shortly after , the Duke 20
H9I died, whofe only daughter King Charles of Fr4»re afterward maried, having
firft put away his former wife, Maximilians daughter, which was one v\ rong,
and the other was, that he would mary with Maximilians Spoufe.
14P2 About this time, Chriftof her Columbus, a Sea-man of Genua , underftood
by a Shipwrackt Mariner, that in the Weftern Sea there were fome Lands ;
wherefore he on the King ois fains chargcs,undertakes a Voiage thither, where
he difcovers fome Iflands. Mean while King Charles is now in hope to ob-
tain Sicily, and Apdia, being heir by the laft Will of Aniou, whofe race was
now extinft. The baniflied Neapolitans, Lewis Sfortia, and Pope Alexander,
now angry with i^lphonfus, incourage King Charles to make an Expedition 3©
into Italy, which he undertakes, with an Army of twenty thoufand Foot,
and five thoufand Horfc, having no oppofition •, for Maximilians anger was
pacified for the lofte of the daughter of Britany , by marying with Blanco.
Maria, fifter to ^ohn Galeas, Duke of Millan. Terdinand of Spain , was be-
holding to the 'French for reftoring Perpenian ; the cities of Italy were not a-
gainft him •, the Vlorenti'ns help him with mony -, ^ohn Galeas Duke o( Millan
was now dead, and his Uncle Sfortia fucceeded, who made no rcfiftance; only
Pope Alexander being reconciled to Alphonfu^ , entertains his fon Terdinana,
with l\is whole Army at Rome: But underftanding that all things fucceeded .^
well with Charles, and that he had gotten Viterhium , he difmifteth the Nea-
politans, and receiveth Charles into the city •, having firft for fafety retired to
1494 the Caftle of S. A;.'Jjelo,heing guilty of his own crimes, which he redeems by
large Bribes given, and promifes made to King Charles, to whom all the
kingdom of Naples fubnuts, except the Caftle, which held out a while. ^Z-
fhonftts being hated by his people, refignes the kingdome to his fbn Ferdi-
nand, and betakes himfelf to a Monaftic life : but the Italians could not brook
long the Vrench pride and rapacity -, therefore Alphonfus and the Pope, foli-
cite Verdinand, the Venetians, and Cefar, to make a League ^ in which, Letvis
Sfortia is included, for he was now angry with the French for the lofs of No-
"varia, taken from him by Lewis Duke of Orleans. Charles hearing what pre-
parations were againft him, haftneth out of Italy, having exhaufted the king- 5®
dom of Naples -, but before his departure , Ferdinand of Spain had fortified
Rhegium in Calabria •, and fliorlly after the Arragonians, with fome Sicilian
Forces, recover all Calabrta,znd. Jpulia. Charles his Army now confifted
but of nine thoufand, a part whereof he fcntto Sena, for a Garifon, and fonic
Troops
Chap . 2 5 . Hijiory of the JVorld. 505
Troops he difmilTcch for GenuA. The Vlorentins now were angry with him. An. Christ
becaufe he would not reftore the Towns they put in his hands -, the Venetians ^-^'''VXJ
and Sfortuns fight him, but are worftcd. Charles indeed got the Vi«fiory-, 'but
fliortly after loft all his booty , being caried away by the Mercenary Greeks^
imdct the Venetian : fo the Frfw A return home, having brought nothing with
them but the Neapolitan difeafe , which the Spaniards conveyed thither frorri
K_yimerica. ^ovaria is befieged by the confederates, where two thoufand
Vrench loft their lives by famine. At laft the Town is furrcndred , upon con-
dition the bcfkegcd fliould have their lives, and peace fliould be made with Sfi)r-
I o tia^ and the Venetians. A Peace indeed was made, but of no force •, for Sfor-
//'ii did not according to the Articles fend aid into France , but rather aflifted
'Ferdinand. Nor would the Venetians admit any other conditions then thefe,
to wit, that Charles Ibould make War againft the Tark^ and leave the King-
dom of ^^ples to Ferdinand., he paying an yearly Tribute. The French that
were left in Italy .^ fell off to Ferdinand, to whom they delivered up their
. ftrong Holds •, fo that of twenty five thoufand, few returned home, and thofe
very infirm. Ferdinand at the fiege of Cajeta, died of a Feavcr , having loft
his father not long before, whofe brother Frederick undercook the government '
of Naples •, fo that in two years "Naples faw five Kijigs •, to ivit *, Ferdinand,
20 Jlphonfus^ Ferdinand 2. Charles oi' France, and Frederick-^ mhny -dKaHcrs
befell the Houfe of Spatn in a fliort time. Ferdinand of Sp.ai^ his oncly fon
died, his fons wife, Maximilians daughter, is brought to bed of a dead child^
his fon in Law Alphonfus^ the King of Vortugals fon, is killed with a fallfirorrt
his Horfe •, his daughter , who was raaricd to. Emanuel , coufin Germart of
Alphonfui now named, died in child-bed: fo the inheritance falls lo^pan^
V ho was maried to Philip. Nor did King Charles profper wkh his unlawful!
manage •, for he left never a child to inherit his Crown : He died fuddenly of
an Apoplexy. At ^z^^oz/e his death was foretold by Savenarila, whom the ia^^
Florentins burned, for being too free in reproving the vices of the Clergy. At
jc this time Pope Alexander 6. fate in Rome^ who tyrannized over the Cardinals,
v> hich had fold him the fuffrages •, he made War upon the Urfms, and fhortly
after received them into favour.
^o Charles Z. fucc ceded his coufin German Z«v^ 1 2 . whd laid claim not
onely to Naples , but to Millan alfo , by his Grandmother, the daughter of
^ehn G/tleas •, therefore he makes a League with the Pope, Venetian, Florentine
and Ferdinand King of Spain, againft Lewis Sfortia of Millan, and Frederick
of Naples, It was then agreed, th:xx.if Lewis ohtivncd Millan,CreTnona{ho\A6.
be delivered to the rif;;e?/<i»j, and that C^/^r 5(?r*/<«, the Popes fon, who by
raarying Carlotta, the French Kings Coufin, had laid afide his Cairdinals Hat,
40 (hould obtain y^fzwi/w, Flaminia, Pieenum, and Umbria, totheruinc of the
right and ancient owners, and that the King of Spain and France , fliould
divide the Kingdome of iV4;>/« between them. Thus Charles, witla a puif-
fant Army, drives Sfortia out of his Dukedom : fo Borgia by turning out, or
killing the Princes of Aemilia, and Hetruria, obtains a large dominion in Italy,
under whole tyranny many execrable opprcffions and villanics were perpe-
trated . This Pope Alexander beftowcs on Ferdinand of Spain, the Wcft,ancl
on ^ohn of Portugal, the F.z.ft-Indies : to^ohn in Porttigatl, fuccecded Ema-
nuel, fon to his Uncle Ferdinand. Americt^ Vefpudtts, a Florentin, -difcovered
then the continent of America, fo called from him, for the ufe of Ferdinand.
•50 of Spain. Sfortia with the Pope, and Venetians, defires Cefars help againft
the infulting Frfw^ ^ he upon promife of mony, marcheth unto Italy , but
• for want of pay, fpcediiy returns again, and makes peace with King Lewis,
^^hoentring Millan, in great Iplendor, was called Duke of Lombardy-, but
Afcanim the Cardinal , Sfortia's brother , in fhort time recovers what was
loft, by ,t.eafot\thcInfiibiians could not endure the French infolencies. King
Lervi^
^04- ^/-'^ Second Tart of the Book. Vi .
An.Chnp Lervii upon this raifeth a new Army, among which were fix thoufand Swit^ers
^./'"VVv Cefar counfclkd 5/0^4 to ufc no Hehetiam^ but Savoy em in his Army,whic h
\\ holefome advice was reje<5led, and he thereby ruined ^ for when the two Ar-
mies met, t\\c S fort i an Smt:{ers would not fight againfl: the Vrench Swttz,ers^
their Countrcy men, but Ihook hands, and left Sfortui for a prey to the Yrench^
who took bmi prifoner, as the Venetians did his brother the Cardinal, both
1 5C0 thcfe pined away in a French prifon.
Pope A/f^^rf/'fi^f^ this year keeps his Jubilee, and fees up again the Angel on
1 501 his Caftle at Rome^ which the Thunder had beat down •. the next year after,
divers Crofles Were feen, foracof a bloodie colour, upon the garments and to
\skins of people, fore-runners of the troubles of Europe, and of great ficknef-
fes, which fliortly after followed, to the deftruftion of many thoufands. Di-^
vers Ifles in the Eaft-Br<j/?/ , and Calecut in the Weft arc dcteded . The Sa-
racens are expelled Spain, and perdinand is honoured by the Pope , with the
title of Catholic. Lervis of Trance^ and Verdinand o^ Spam, fend Forces
KOi agzmd Frederick o[ 't^aplesy whom they quickly defeated-, but the two con- •
quering Kings could not accord long, they fell out about dividing, and boun-
ding their fliaies in iV,i^/fi , till at laft the Spaniardsbcai the Fr^wcA quite out
of that Kingdom and City, having firft overthrown them in a Battel, and
1 504 ftarved the remainder in Cajeta. So the Spaniard obtains all, and for a Tri* ^^
bute fends every year thence a white Horfe to the Pope, who was not long af-
ter poifoned by a miftakc of the Cup-bearer , who prtfented him that Cup,
which he had provided for A^m;z the Cardinal, and fome others. Borgiat
by caufing himfelf to be fowed within the belly of a Mule , lately unbowel-
ied, difcuffed the force of the polfon, but could not perfedly recover his
health, hlexxnder died the 1 1 year of his Pontificate. Borgia, feizeth upon
all hisTreafurc, and bcfets the r<t^;f4» with twelve thoufand armed men, to
force the Cardinals to vote for him. Prefenily the people take Arms ^ Bor-
gioi being yet infirm, is caricd thence in a Litter, and Piccolominy is clei^led,
and named Ptfts 3, who died the thirtieth day after his Ele(5lion,as it is thought
of poifon. Borgias is detained in the Caftle of S. Angela. Cardinal Julian 3^
is elefted, who calls himfelf ^ttlius ?, a man fitter for Pauls fvvord, th?n Pe-
ters keys .• He ftrips Borgias of all his Towns, Caftles, and Wealth ^ and at
laft gives him his liberty, who going to 'Haples, was taken by Confalvus^znd
fcnt over to Spain. Thence having cfcaped prifon, he goeth to the King of
K<ti/4rrf, and is killed in the C4«/4^/4» War. Julius defiring to enlarge the
Churches patrimony, thm^s Beutivolos out of Bononia^ andconfpircs againft
the Fenetians with Cefar ^ Spain., Trance, Verrara^ and Mantua ^ but afterward
upon their humble (ubmiflion , without Cefars knowledge, and againft the
'Trench Kings will, he departs from the League, and maKes peace with the
Venetians^ and vvithall falls upon Alphonfits , Duke of Verrara^ for fiding 4a
with the trench. Cefar and King Lerph raging at the Popes infolencic , by
means of the Cardinals, call a Synod at Pife^ whether he is cited to appear;
and withall they take from him Bononia^ and CMiranduU. He again to croft
thefc Cardinals, convocates a Synod ztBome, and excommunicates thofc
that rcfufc to come-, he ftirs up alfo Ferdinand dgamU Cefar and the French^and
calls him off from his African Vidlories, who having impofcd a Tribute upon
the Numidians, tranfports his Army into Italy ^ where he took in fome ftrong
Foits ^ with him Henry 8. of England^ is pcrfwadcd to join, being the Spa-
niards fon in law ; but Henrj intends to recover his right in Cnien : on the o- S«*
ther fide the 5^4»i4r^ thrufts ^ohn o( Navarre out of hiskingdome, becaufe
being in League with France, he denyed pafTage to the Spaniard , and his Ar- *
my. Pope ^uljw alfo calls the Smt:{ers into Italy, and makes ^ohn Medices,
banifhcd out of Florence, his Legate •, he caufed a rumour to be fprcad , that
Maximilian, and the Venetians, were agreed purpofely that the Brixians, who
hated
Chap. 2^. Hiftoryofthelforld. 505
hztcdihc French^ might deliver the Town to the Venetians^ which they did, Afj.ChriJli
not without a great mafTacring of the French : But itortly after , the French o/'WJ
recover the Town again, JiilJ the Venetim Garifon , and make a facrifice of
the Tovvnfmcn. King LewU finding his kmgdome vexed on both fides by the
Spanip and Englifh^ he refolves to make Italy the feat of the War •, therefore
he befiegeth Ravenm ; the Pontificians and Spaniards come to raifc the fiege ,
a great battel is fought on Enjler day, which proved vidorious to the Cejari-
4;»iand French^ who flew nine thoufand of the Enemy, and loft three thou-
fand of their own party. The Viceroy of Naples fled , ^ohn cMedkes is ta-
10 ken, FflxJM the French GcncTzlj was killed, in whofe Funeral eighteen Co-
lours taken from the Spaniards , were caricd j divers Towns fubmit to the 1 5 1 j
French.
Not long after this. Pope ^ulifts caufcth the League between Cefar and the
French^ to be broken. Maximilian iidcs with ^ttlitts and Ferdinand ^ hcrai-
fcth an Army of Srvit^^rs, who were inccnfcd againft the French^ for killing
of their Agent ^ by their means the French lofe UHi/lan^ which they had pof-
feffed thirteen years ■, and bring back Maximilian Sfortia^ the fon of Lewis.
The French King is profcribcd by the Pope, who notwithftanding returns to
A/i//4» with a frefh Army, which was utterly defeated by the Swit^ers ^ and
ao the French driven quite out of Italy. The Fathers of the Councel of Pija^ for
fear of the Swif^^ers , remove to Lions : Mean while the Pope and his party
feize upon divers Cities of /^f*i/y, hy tht Helvetianhzl^. But when Venice iz-
fufed to reftorc to Cefar , Verona and Vicentia , then the Pope makes a League
with him againft the Venetians^ and they with Lexvis againft the Pope and Spa-
niard. But when ^dius faw that the Spaniard and French were 1 ike to agree, 15^3
he died for grief i \.o\vh.Q>xi\{\xcztt.dtd^ohnMedicesy the Popes Legat, who
had been baniihed Ylorence^ and taken prifoner in the late wars at Ravenna.
He is now called Leo the tenth •, it was this Julius who flung Feters keys into
Tihris^ and drew Pauls fword. Leo gave way that the ftones ^vhich were hewn
30 by day, for repairing Saint Ff^^rj- Church, begun by 5^«/;'w, fliould be cari-
cd away in the night for the grcatPalace of the Medices at Vlorence. He procured
Letv is 12. to leave oflF all Reformation of the Church, and to fubfcribe to
the Councel of Later an -, he reconciled the Cardinals that fell off from Juli-
us -, he was much indebted to his fiftcr, but paid her out of the Indulgence
mony. About this time Levsfis makes Peace with F-ngland^ repudiates his ^fc
Anne oi Brit any ^ and maricth another, and fliortly after died.
To 'Lewis fucceeded by the- S 4/1V Lav/, Vrancis Valois ^ his nextkinfmjin
and fon in Law : He enters into League with England znd Venice, and obtains
Millan, having firft defeated the Smt\ers : the Pope having loft Parma and
40 Placentia^ makes peace with Vrancis^ and condefcends to confirm by his Bui,
whomfoever the King fliould name in Vrance, for Bifhop or Abbot. King
VerdifMnd the Catholick, being dead, and his heir C^4r/o-,Prince o( Belgium^
Maximilian knowing how needful the fricndfliip of France was, gives off the
Venetian war, and makes pace with Vrancis. The Pope takes Wri'/w from
Francis Feltrius^ caufeth Petruccius the Cardinal for plotting againft him, to
be ftrangled , and thofe that knew the plot,to be depofed : for compleating
the Senate, he makes at one time thirty one Cardinals , by which means he
enriched himfclf. Upon the falling off of the Srvit:{ers from the Yrench^Mil-
/rfw was re-taken, z\idrt^ortdtoVrancisSfortia, Maximilians hroxhtx. The
50 Pope recovers Parma and Placentia^^ith joy of which, or rather with poifon,
he fuddenly died ^ to whom fucceeded Hadrian 6. of Utricht , Charts Cefars
Tutor-, but the next year after his Eledion, he died. King Francis upon the
commotions of Spain , regained almoft all the kingdom of Navarre , and
fends great Armies into Italy, for recovering of LMillan^ which he took,and
is not long after taken himfelf. . Having bcfieged Papia , and fcparated his 1535
O o o Army
5o6 The Seconds art of the Book.VI.
An.chrifti Army, by the advice of Pope Clement 7 . who fuccceded HadriatJ^ the Pope
\.y'^^V'\0' for his covctoufnefs, is befieged in his Caftle at Rome •, his Palace in the Fati-
f4;/isplundred-, ifowf by the Duke of Burbon^ for the Popes perfidioufnefs
to Cefar^ is taken, and expofed with all her wealth, Pneftsand Temples, to
the fury of the foldiers. The Pope being famiflied, yeildeth tovvhat condi-
^ tions Cf/^r pleafed : Mean time the /"/or <?«^/'w made themfelvcs free, by cart-
ing out ihe Mcdices. Genua fubmits to the Trench^ who befiege the Viceroy of
Nafles^ being then in Naples ^ the Viceroy of Sicdy is defeated by ^^4-,
butwhilftthe French were in hope to take 'Naples, they wercfo wafted
with ficknefs, which fwept away 200C0 of them, that they were forced to 10
g be gone who were left -, their General alfo Z^w^rfcw died .
To Pope Clemens fuccecded Alexander Varneftus , who took the name of
P/uil^. he excommunicated and profcribed i^f-wry 8. of England-, calls the
Counccl of Trent, and urgeth Charles the Emperour to fupprefs the Lutherans
in his Dominions. loPauliwccttdtA^ohn Maria CMontanus , who c2!\tA.
himfelf 5'»//«^ S*". King Fr4»c/5 holds a Treaty at Cambrey , where his ran-
fbm is paid, and his hoftages reftored •, he inftigateth the Turk againft Charles
the Emperour, and about the fame time advanceth Learning in Paris , by al-
^5^^ lowing and maintaining new Profcflbrs inthat Univerfity. He makes war
with the Savoyen^ and lofcth his fon the Delyhtn , whom the Earl of Mon- 2®
f f<rw»//<? poifoned , for which he was drawn in pieces with wildc Horfesj
then he makes Truce with the Pope and Emperour for ten years. The Rot-
o chellcrs rebell againft him, becaufe he placed a Garifon there ^ then he invades
5^ Piemont,Luxenburg,2LndRoHfsillen becaufe his Ambaffadors were killed as
they were going that way, to make a League with the Turk. He takes many
Towns in Piemont^ having fought a great battel there with the Imperialifts,of
whom fifteen thouf?.nd were (lain. He recovers Bollen, and invades England^
with which at laft he made Peace, and then died , about three months after the
death of Henry ihc 8. of hngland^ whofe differences were reconciled a little
■''*' before; he reigned 33 years.
To King Francis fucceeded his fon Henry 2. by Katharin Medices : He falls 3®
upon the Imperial Territories, and takes divers Towns •, the Imperialifls out
o^ Belgium over-run and wafte Campania -, the Pope for grief that the Catho-
lickcaufe in £»g-/4Wdiedv^)ith Queen i\/4ry, falls fuddenlyfick, of which di-
feafe he died •, to whom fucceeded J»^4rf^//w 2*^, yvho the 22 day after his Ele-
j- dion, died of an Apoplexy. Petrus Carafa [uccccded , and called himfclf
P4W4. About thefe times Verdinand Corteijn twenty years fpacc, fubdued
all the parts of America about Mexico •, Varga and Pi/{arus^ all Peru , with the
City of Cufco : fo did the Portugals take divers places in the Ez{\:-Indies.
Charles the Emperour being dead, the French rcnue the war with his fon Philip'
therefore a great Army is fent under Vrancis Duke ofGuife, into Campania and 40
1557 Naples : at S. Quinttn a cruel battel is fought, in which the Vrench arc utterly
defeated, andmoftof their Nobility taken, upon which the Town prefently
furrcndred. 5«r^f<i«x rebels for the taxes laid on them, but the Conftablc
forces them to fubmit , and to burn their priviledges. The fame Conftable
appeafeth a rebellion in Gafcony^ raifed upon the cuftom of Salt. About this
time died Henry of Navarre, whofe fon in Law Vendofme^ fcizeth on a part of
Navarre. Mean while Cafal is taken by the French, but are beat at fea by the
Belgians. The Fr^«<r^ befiege Dotvay, but in vain, and are defeated at Gr^-vtf-
ling : At laft Piemont and Savoy being reftored to the Duke, the Dolphin ma- 5*
ricd to the Queen of Scotland, and peace made with Spain, by the mariage of
£//;(^^«^,King//<?^^Wf daughter to King P^7//>. In the Nuptial folemnities.
King Henry at a Tilt, is wounded in the right eye by Montgomery , of which he
died in great torture, God letting him feel fome part of thofe tortures, with
which he tormented the Protcftants ; he died the forty third year of his age,
and
Chap . 1 3 . Hiflory of the iVorld, 507
and of his reign the thirteenth : not long after died Pope Piitd 4''', who AnXhriJlt
fet up the Inquifition at Rome, againft the Luther am ^ but after his death, ^VVN-i
the people in a tumult, braicc open the prifon door, and let out the pri-
foners , burnt the houfe , and for three days together , abufed the Popes
Marble Statue , and all Monuments of the Car off <t in the City were de-
faced.
To \iemy 2'', fucceeded his fon Francis z'', who though he was young,
yet was beginning to be as cruel againft r.he Wttgonets ^ as his father was,
by burning Annits B»rgiM his body, after it had been hanged : At which,
10 the Protcftiuits were fo incenied , that they confpire to fcize on the King,
thenar Amboife , andtocary him away-, but the plot was difcovered and
prevented, hewis BurhonVnwccoi Conde^ is fulpeded to have had a hand
in this plot, therefore is imprifoned / But whilft at Orleans^ the King and his
Peers there aflembied , were about to bring him to his Trial , the King fell
iick and died, not having reigned full two years ; his mother is made Regent.
To Pope Fad 4. fucceeded ^ohn Angelns Medices^ who took the name ot jj^o
\msag. King Philip o( Spaif}^ caufcth 2? Gentlemen of great flimilies, to
be burnt for their Religion: He giveth 30000 Duckats towards the Prin-
ting of the Bible called Complatenfis.
10 To Francis v\ fucceeded his brother Charles 9. under whom the Protcftants
enjoyed fomc quietnefs, till Be\a^ Martyr^ and Marlorat^ had cxafperatcd the
Pontificians by their writings-, then Pens were turned into Swords. Francis
of Gmfe flood up for the Papifts , and Lewi^s of Conde for the Hiigonets.
A bjttel is fought, in which were flain on both fides about nine thoufand.
Conde was taken prifoner,and Guife fhortly after killed by a PiftoU (hot. Up-
on this, the Queen Regent gives way for the Proteftant Nobility to exercifc
their Religion in their houfes, and the people in the fuburbs. P/V/f 4. died, j-^^
to whom mccttdcd Michael Chif[erius^ called by the name o^ Pius 5. Conde
againft the promifc made him when he was taken, isfliotto death. Shortly
jc after at Monconture ^ another battel is fought , in which the Hugonets were
defeated^ but not fubdued -, for they bore Arms fb long in Gafcony, and took
fo many Towns , that at laft they forced a peace for themfelvcs Mean
while the King of Spain marieth the fourth time, with his fifters daughter.
The Duke of Alha tyrannizeth in Belgium , and turns out the Bnglijh
thence. The Netherlanders weary of opprefllon , begin to vindicate their
liberty. Pins 5. dieth, to whom fucceeded Gregory 13. France having refted
a while from Civil broils , falls to Clandeftin butcheries. At Paris the
Nuptials of Henry of Navarre ^ with CMargaret the Kings fifter, are fo-
Icmnized and befprinkled with Proteftant blood : The chief Proteftanfis
t^o are invited to the Wedding -, fuddenly by command from King Charts the
ninth, all the Proteftants in Paris ate maflacred, without refped of age or
fcx. Cafpar Cajiilios head is fent as a prefent to the Pope , and letters
from the King, who writes, that in few days he put to death above feventy ijya
tlioufand : For this flaughter was not only in Paris , but alfo in other
K Towns of France. This Maflacre was committed on Saint Bartholomervs
R day, betimes in the morning. The next year after, Henry King Charles his
K brother, bcfiegcth Rochel^ poflefTed by the proteftants -, but being eleded
Pl King of Poland^ he leaves the Siege, and goeth into Poland -, where having
reigned fix months, he is called home to^polTels the Crown oi France by 1574
5c the death of his brother Charles^ who reigned fourteen years. Philip o(
Spain , underftanding that his fonne Charles was grieved for the cruelties
cxercifed on the Netherlanders , puts him in prifon , where he loft his life,
upon fufpition that he intended Treafon againft his father.
Pope Gregory reformed the Calender , which occafioncd fome troubles
in divers places 5 but in 'Prance , bv Proclamation , it is commanded
O Q o 2 gene-
5o8 T^he Second Tart of the Book.VI.
An.ChrijU generally to be received : Divers Colledgcs of Jefuits are crcdted under Pope
^-''^v^^ Gregory^ and in JJowc for ftrangers ^ he was fuddenly t^iken with the fquinzy,
which fuffocatcd him in two howres. Henry of Navarre ftrives to have a Na-
tional Synod of Proteftant8,for fettling of their differences ^ for this caufe he
fends his Ambaffador to the Princes, who gave him good words, but nothing
ijgq could be done by rcafon of the troubles of thofe times. The Cardinals of
Burhorf and Guije, with other Pontifician Ring- leaders, confpire againft Henry
of Navarre^ utterly to deftroy him. A great Army therefore is raifcd •, //w-
ry procures for his afliftancc, out of Germany ^ 20 thoufand Foot, and five
thoufand Horfc .- but thefe were wholly overthrown by the CHi(iani\b6ng firft i o
forfaken by the Helvetians. The fame year King Henry 5 ', was fo curbed by
the Cuifian fadion, that his fubjefts began to Height him ^ wherefore to be
rid of their power, he under fhew of great friendfliip and fcrious bufinefs, in-
vites the Guifian brothers to a Conference, whom he prcfently caufcd to be
1588 ^^'"5 ^"'^ '•^^ ^^^ °^ ^^^^"^ confederacy to be imprifoned. Katherin Medices^
the Kings mother, called by fome the fourth fury of France^ as being the fo-
menter of fcditions, died with grief. The Pariftans declare Charles Main
brother to the Cuifes^ Governour of Paris ^znd of the Ifle ofVrance^lcaving out
the Kings name : but the Sorhonijls were againft OMain. He having raifcd an
Army, declares he will maintain the Roman Religion. L/ow, Orleans.^ Ro- 20
han.^ and other places, fide with him. Kino Henry was aififled by the King of
Navarres forces, and the Nobility ; by which the Pontifician Army is defea-
ted, and Paris fo ftri<5tly bcfieged, that they were like to flarve within. When
in the mean while ^4Coh Clement , a Dominican , under pretence of fpeaking
with the King, run him in the belly with a poifoned knife, whom the King
killed immediatly with the fame knife. King Hemy died of his wound with-
in fourteen howres , having firfl named for his heir Henry of Navarre ^ to
whom the Nobihty fwore Allegiance, conditionally, that he would permit
Liberty of Confcience •, then he falls prcfently to wcakning the Cuijtan fa-
ftion, and taking in of Towns. In the time of King //fwr) the third, thc5c>
order of the Holy Ghofl was inflituted. The King of Navarre and Conde
are by the Pope excommunicated : Co^at at lafl is poifoned ^ and N^x'rfrrf ex«
eluded from fuccefTion. The Battel of Conrtrey is fought, in which Navarre
158? wasviftor, and the Duke 5'^«7^«/ir flain.
In Henry 4. King of "Havarre^ after feven Civil Wars, the Crown of
"prance is transferred to the Houfe of Burbort , which Henry as yet could not
quietly enjoy ^ for Be Mam troubles him, till he was defeated at Arque. The
Parliament of iJtfA4« pronounce all thofe Traitors, who fide with the King.
The Popes quarrel with him for his Religion •, to wit, Gregory 13. and his fuc-
cefTor ?eltx Montaltm.^ or Sixtt*s 5 . who from obfcurity, was elevated to this ^
high dignity ; yet he woud be at no charges in relieving Paris , when it was
again bcfieged by the King , fearing to make S^ain, (which now gaped for
France) too great. YetKing/ff»r;outof pity to his people, permits Alex-
mder Farnepts, to cary in provifions. Pope Sixtus having procured the Sfa-
mards difpleafure, for not affording his afTiftancc to them , fell into a deep
melancholy, and fo died , having before fliewed great joy for the converfioa
of the Marquefs of Baden to the Roman faith •, which Marqucfs , ^ames by
1 5P 0 name, fliortly after died of a dyffcntery, in the flower of his youth. Prcfently
^ohit Bapifta Cafianms , is elcded, and called Urban 7. whofc elc(5lion was
accompanied with an Earthquake that fhook ^«/??-m , Meravia^-md Bohemia,
with an extraordinary dry Summer, that the Rivers were like fcalding water. 5®
This r/rW being taken with afeaver, died within thirteen days, leaving the
Chair to Nicholas Sfondratus, or Gregory 14. he was born the fevcnth month
after' his conception, and died the tenth month after his cledion. About
which time the plague and famin fo raged in I taly^ thatat-Ro/»^inone year
there
Chap.2^. HijloryoftheWorld, 5op
there died fixty thotiHind pcopl« : yet this Gregor-j fpent on the French wars, An. chrtfli
five hundred thoufand Crowns of the publick Treafury , and forty thoufand ^^^"V~sL
out of his own cofftrs. King Henr-f perceiving that Vitrnefius would not fight,
caufei his Army to take up tlicir Winter Qnarters all about Faris. ^an/ejius
afccr four furious alfaults, takes Corbilium upon Sene , which by the King is a-
gain retaken. The Spafiiards are dafeated by the Momoranaes , and the S<i-
I'eywprcpartions in Province ^ hindred hy Digvier. The Gcrmanes plunder
L(?rnr;w Country, and are now on the borders o^Y ranee. Parma returns to
the ^Netherlands, having enough to do with Grave Maurice, The Popes Army
*<? under Sfondrat^ the Popes Nephew, did no great matter-, for i'^rwrf not be-
ing able to come and join with them, they retreated, upon the report of Pope
CregoriesAcoxh-., to whom fucceeded ^<?/'d»;?fj Jnronius of Piemont^calkd hy
the name of Innocent 9. he fate but two months, and was of the Spanifh fa-
dion ; to him (uccccdcd Htppolitus jildobrandimts^ or Clement the ^. King ijpj
Henry befiegeth Rohan, which atlaft is relieved by the Duke of Parma Di-
vers skirmiflies and encounters there were, tothelofs of much blood. Parma
leaving the greateft part of his Army in V ranee, returns to Belgium, and de-
ludes the King by delays. Atlaft as he was returning now the third time to
■^, drive the King from the fiege of Par if, he was taken in Artois, with fudden and
20 fharp tortures m his body, of which he died : Maurice ftrives to take the Slucc
but could not ; yet he takes Steinvick , and fomc other Towns. King Henry
fetsoutaRemonftrance, whereby he declares that he is no enemy to the Ro-
man Religion, as the world thought , but that his intentions and indeavours
were to maintain and preferve it in all places, where hitherto it hath continued*
for this caufe the Parliament of Turon condemns the Popes Bull, in excom-
municating King Henry for herefie, andcaufethit to be burnt by the Hang-
man, as a {editions and impious Libel : The Popes Legat is alfo commanded
to appear before them, that he might be tried by Law, and receive due punifli-
ment for his;temerity.
5^ The Vrmch being weary of their Civil wars, an affembly of the Cuifian ta*
(5lion, or the holy Leaguers, is called, for electing of a new King. Some were
for lfaklla,x.hc Infanta of Spain •, but that eleftion was againft the Salic Law :
others for Er^£/?/i!f the Arch- Duke, Gpvernour of Belgium, Varnejius the
puke of Parma being dead •, which Erneflus was alfo appointed Husband for
the Infanta : but this motion was generally rejcded. Others again, will have
him to be King, whom the Spaniard fliall, nominate , and that he (liall mary
the Infanta, Henryiion to Guife that was killed , is nominated King by forae-,
.Main feeing they could not agree about the Election , procured three months
>;, Truce with iV^'y^rf, to.gain fo much time for fettling the kingdom. This
4^ Truce was.difliked by the Popes Legat. Upon this the Nobility perfwad?
the King to profefs the Roman Faith , Ihewing it was againft the Salic LaWj.
tLat an Herctick ftipuld be King of France, and againft reafon, that he ftiould
be called the moft Chriftian King, who was the chief Patron of Hcrefie, and
an enemy to that Chriftian profcflion which hath continued in France hitherto
fince the bcginnin g of Chriftianity . The King fearing all would forfake him,
if he continued a Calvinift, defircs a Conference with the Bifhops, andothcf
DoAorsof the Church. At length after fiye hours difcourfe , the King iii
white, with a fliiiiing Taper before him, goethto S.Dennis Church, where
being asked by the Bifliop of hiturix, what his dcfire was -, anf\vered,his de-
30 fire was to be received into the bofom of the Catholick, Apoftolick, Roman
Church, and to live and die in that religion: So being led to the Altar , he
isabfolved, to the great indignation of the Popes Legat, and theMonkSj
eftecming this reconciliation of no validity: but to the great joy, and con-
tent of the people. The King fcods hems Gon\ag^t, Ambalfador to the Pope,
AVho in all humility and fubmiffion, defiresthe Popes Benedidion : who an=
fwersj
510 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Chrifii fwers, that he fhail never be pcrfwaded the Kings reconciliation to the
<-''SrN^ Church to be fincere, till an Angell from heaven come down, and tell it
in his eare ^ but the GnifiMS to pacifie Pope Clement , caufe the Counfell
oiTrent^ purely, and without any condition to be proclaimed and obfer-
I rn , ved,and ftrengthen their own fide as well as they could^ but fome Monks
fuborne one harteriut to kill the King, who was prevented at Melodumrrty
and put to death : The Truce drawing to an end, the Pope, Spankrd.and
M-iyne,Arc deviling new plots. Mean while Meax, Orleans , Eourges , and
others fall off from the League to the King, who is inaugurate at C harms
by Thuanus Bifliop there- lO
In the abfence of i^i-jyw^, Briffacus Governor of Paris openeth the gates
and delivers the Towne to the King with fuch order and care , that there
was no killing nor plundering at all i The Garrifon is difmiffed without
the leaf! affront offered them, /ioww foUowes the example of P4r«, fo
doth Pwi^ifrj and many more Townes; but other places that refufed,
are forced by Arms to fubmit. Henry of Guife reconciles himfelf to the
King, who perceiving that the Spaniard did flill foment Fadions in his
Kingdome, upontheperfwafionsof //wrjrof 5»i5Vo» , he fends fupply of
men and arms to Grave A/4«vV^againft the J/»fl»i<Jr</j. Shortly after oae
^ehn Caftel being perfwaded the King was yet an Heretick , and not true- 2®
ly abfolvcd , gets into the crowd at Parif where the King was , whom he
ftruck at with his knife, and beat out two of his teeth, intending to
have ftabbed him in the throat: The fellow is prcfently apprehended
and examined, he confefTed his intention, and that he was bred in the Je.
fuits CoUedg at Parts , but was forry he had not killed that Heretick
;King ; whereupon he is condemned and tortured to death. The Jefuits
are banilht Fr4»«, and it's made Treafon for any to fend their children
out of the Kingdome to be inftrufted by them. The young mans father
is banilhed for 9 yean , andhis gdods confifcate, his houfe is levelled
with^Ke ground,3nd a Pyramide of Marble ercfted with a golden Crofs, 3®
andLfhe 4 Cardinall vermes on it, as a perpetuall monument of this bold
"*'*' ^. foft. The Proteltants Pattent is alfo renewed , whereby they are made
^^.^f 'Capable of all honors and dignities equally with Catholicks. Erneftus be-
ing dead at Britffehy Peter Gufmtn undertakes the Government of Belgium,
and regains ^tfi , lately taken by Henrj, He fights a great battel with
Bu/Iien, near Durlan which he takes with divers other Townes. After
this the King is entertained at Lioni with all folemnity , and at R«me by
the intercelfion of Bifhop Perrone, and many other Prelats whom he had
fent thither, he obtains the Apoflolicall Benediftion, and is abfolved
from his Curfc s fo being received into the bofome of the Church, is 40
honored with the Title of [w»/? Chriflian~\ Charles Majne, Henry ofSavty^
^ejeufe^ and other great men are reconciled to the King, who freely par-
dons them , and undertakes to pay their debts , but to the grief and op-
prefTion of the people. Ca(fal Conful of Mtrjjlles is flaine , for inten-
ding to deliver up that Citie to the 5p4W4r^ ; So all now is quieted ex-
1 5P7 cept Erttany.
A peace between Fr4»rt and 5'/>4/» is at lalt concluded. Mercurian with
his Spanilh Faftion in Eritanj fubmits to King Henry , to whom King Phi-
lip reftores CaUis, Capel^ and divers other places, and he to Philip the Prin-
cipality of CaroUtons •■, and fo all old quarrels are compofed. Savoy hereaf- 50
teristoremainfreeof it felf, but whereas the difference about the do-
minion of Saluffes between France and Savey^ was not yet decided, but left
J -QQ to the Popes arbitration ; two years after the War is renewed, in which
the Dake lofeth his Cifalpin Jurifdiftion, his Fort of Saint Catherin which
threatned Geneva^ is demolilhed , and divers other Towns furrendred to
the
Chap. 2} . Hiflory of the IVorld, 5 n
the French. A Divorce being made between the King and his Queen An.ChriAi
Margaret, fifter of Henry the (econd, becaufe of their confanguinity, to w*"VNj
which Divorce fhe willingly aflented, onely defiring that in ftcad of the
Kings Wife , file might be called his Sifter : I lay, this Divorce being
made long fince , the King is defired to marie again for procreation.
ThereforeM^ry thedaughrer of i^r4»f« Duke of F/tirfWf 3 is betrothed
to him, by whom he had Zftpiif, with other children. The King was by
Peretnt accufed of divers fallquotations in Phitif iJ/o-w-jjfj Books, purpofely "^
to difgrace hiin and his profefiion:The edift o^Nants concerning the Pro-
^^ teftants Priviiedges, procured much hatred againft the King, by the Pon- \6oo
tificats ; therefore divers defperat plots againft him were contrived, and
difcovered , for which conceived and intended regicide Charts Ridicovc
of Camt, Peter Angere^ and Nicholas Eaglifh juftly fuffered death. At this
time was feen in Parity a Cornuted Monftcr, fome Virgins alfo in France
and Germany, were known to endure hunger three years and more, a ftrift
A Law is made againft Duels, and death threatned to the challenger. To
Clemens the 8 at Rome, fuccceded {Alexander Medices, called by the name of
if s, who died 2 5 days after, his fucceflbr was Lee Camtllus^ox Paul 5 . Duke
^ojeufe entreth the Order of Capuchins^ after a while takes arms, and then
returns to his Monaftery. Cardinal Aldehrandin comes into France to make
20 the Duke of S'di/flyx peace, whom the French had fobdued for not refto-
ring the Marquifat of 54/«jfJf/, according to the Articles of peace at Ver-
vee^ue. MarfhallByrtf»intendethTreafon againft the King, is fent for, and ^^
denieth all that i='i«f«j his accufer laid againft him; but the proofs were ^
fo manifeft, that he was condemned and privatly executed ; on the Scaf-
fold he opened his breaft , and (hewed the wounds he had received in the
Kings Caufe. By Father Cottons means the Jefuits are reftored to certain
places. Count Avergne is imprifoned for new pradifes : After this the
Duke of Or /e'4»j is born to the King , and the year after was born the ^^^
Kings third Ton, the Duke of Afijou, and two years after , Mary was born,
50 who married to King Charles ot Great Britain. King Henrj after he had
fetled his Dominions , and maintained them divers years in peace, ha-
. ving placed a great Army upon the conHaes of Germany , which caufed 160^
divers fufpitions amongtheCatholick party, isatlaftmurthered by Ra-
viUiacin his Coach, as he was viewing the preparation that was making
for his Queens reception, who was Crowned the day before .• He was
ftabbed twice in the heart ; the murtherer being af)prehended would
confefs nothing . neither for faire words nor tortures , nor did he fhew
any fignes of forro w, affirming that he was fet on by none but by inward 1 6 IG
mo tions, and the diftates of his confcience, having put on this refolution
threeyeareagoe.' So he was put to death by exqui fit tortures of bur-
4^5 ning pincers, and his body tome in funder by horfes r In this Kings time
the making offilk Stuffs was brought into France. The Jefuits Pyramid
was demoliflied, and a fountain ereded in its place. The Order of Car-
melit Nuns is fet up by Catherin of Lengevil in the Suburbs of Saint ^acolf.
A French ColonieistranfportedintoC/iWrfin America.
I King Jienrj the fourth oi France being dead, his Qiieen is made Regent
' during her fons MinorityjWho is publickly proclaimed heir to the Crown
of France, and fo the great Army is disbanded, which fome thought had
o- been intended for Ckve, , others for ^nois, others for the Empire. The
50 Queen Regent brought much obloqui and envy on her felfj by preferring
Marquis ^wrf her favourite and of the Florentin Familie, before all the
Princes oi France : It was faid he ufed inchantments , he held indeed the
young King, the Queen, and the whole kingdome in fubjedion : Hee
exhaufted the Exchequer , made Laws, and unmade them as he pleafed:
^ Which
511 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Chrifii Which cauled Henrj of Bttrbon, Prince of Conde, Henrj of BalHon^ Hivtrft,
^.''H^'^ and others to forfake the Court in difcontent, and to ratfe Tumults.
The Decrees of the Counfell of Treat at laft are divulged, by the impor-
tunity of the ItaliM and Pontificiall Partie ; but the Parliament of Parlt i
ordered that the writings of Mariana , Suare^, Betarmio and others con-
cerning the Popes power of depofing iSTingSjfliould be fuppreffed. Cardi-
nal Ferorte with theClergy,and moft of the Nobility ftand up in defence of
1614 the Counfels Authority ; but King fames by his writings declared he
was of a contrary minde. COfides and f^ncres Forces had a (harp encoun-
ter, but -.i-ia^ prevailed, which Vidory was at laft his deftruftion , and 14^
Condt's captivity ; For when LmgueviBe, 'Bullion, Majne, and other Princes
underftood that Conde was detained as a prifoner in Paris by Ancres means,
they fuddeoly depart the Court, and are profcribed by the King : The
Part fans being madded at this, fall prefently to plundring of Ancres trea-
fures, and fpoyling his houfe, fo that with much adoe were they pacifi- \
ed at laft by the A"ing3 Guard. The Princes publifti a flemonftance , to i
let the people know what corruptions were now maintained, both in
Court and Kingdome , and that therefore they were neceflitated to take
g ^ armestofupprefs thefeabufes; they alfo by their friends, privatlyac-
^ quaint the King of the dangers that would fall on him and his Kingdome, a©
iffuchabufes were tolerated, and y^wrM treacherous aftions countenan-
ced ; therefore they humbly befeech him that he would not hazard his
own fortunes , and the welfare of a moft fllorifhing Kingdome for one
mans fake. Upon this , Order is given to Vitritu Captain of the Guard,
to difpatch Ancre , who one day ftops the proud and great Fayorit , as he
was entring the Palace. At this, -^wr« prefently began to draw upon
the Captain , but before he could pull out his fword , he isihoc dead on
the place with a PiftoU : When his death was known in the City , the
people exceedingly rejoyced •-, and to fhew their hatred on him (though
now dead) they found out his corps which was privatly buried , this they 3*
draw out of the grave , and having with all manner of difgraces abu-
fed it, at length they flung it in a great (ire, and turned it into afhes : His
wife being condemned for witchcraft and other diabolicall arts , is han.
ged , and her body burnd '-, thus by the juft punifhment of a few , the
whole Kingdome is preferved, the Kings angerappeafed, the peopls fury
fatisfied, and the Princes willingly reduced to obedience : But the Queen
in difpleafure, having laid down her Regency went to B/wj and Conde for
his unruly tongue is detained in cuftody.
After thefe fad paffages, fonae joy follows in France upon the marriage
of ViSior Amadem, the Duke of Savoys eldeft fon, Prince of Piemont, with 40
Chri^ina the iiTings fifter , the Jfing was married already to the Infanta
oi Spain. The Queen-Mother being weary of her abode in B/oat, got
Duke(^< Ef/>ernen to convey her thence to AngoUfme without the JTings
knowledge , who took this ill, and as a (lighting of his Authority ,there-
fore he raifeth an Army purpofely to be revenged on Efpernon •, but be-
ing at laft pacified by divers meffages from Efpernon and the Queen- Mo-
1 620 ^^^^ *° him,(he is permitted to ftay at Andes--, and Conde is fet free. A cer-
tain Itilian being found teaching of Atheifme at Tholeufe , is by the icings
command apprehended, his tongue cut out, and he burnt alive. Mean
while the French Aing is courted by Ambaffadors from the Emperor, 50
and likewiie from Frederick Count Palatin, now in conteftation for Bohe.
mia. King Levnis (ends AmbafTadors to Spain for opening the yaltelin ,
which being the mouth oiltalj, was now flopped and (hut up againft the
French and Smtzers , divers conteftations were held about this bujfinefs,
but ftill interrupted. At this time dt Luine the Kings Favorit,wa8 in great
power;
Chap.Z3 . Hifiory of the World, 5ij
power on whom he had conferred all y^nsrcs eftate : This was ill refen- An. Chrtfii
ted by the Peers, chu^yhy Longuevtl^ Nemours^ Majne, ind Rohan, who ^--"^v^
betake themfelves to the Queen Mother; but the King preventing them
by the fiithfull ferviceof Cof)de, Y'^ffeQeth Cain in Normandj ^ before the,
Princcs could unite their Forces. More of their towns fubmit totheKing: i
At leqgth tht Queens army being defeated, the Princes were brought to
fuch a rtrair, that they were fain to Petition for pardon , and the Queen
Mother to acknowledge her Tons milde Government : then the Kings ar-
my is turned upon Cafccny'-, thofe of Beam were commanded to reftore to
10 the Romar) Clergy, their old Rites and Revenues , which they refufing to
do, were fuddenly furprifed by the King , who having changed their
Garifons, reftores to the Catholicks their Churches, Honors, and Reve-
nues, and fo annextth that Province which hitherto had enjoyed mucb
freedosne, to the Crown of /r4»c^. This put the Proteftants to new
lliifts and confultations, divers meetings to this purpofe were had -, a Sy-
nod is called at Retchel, which contrary to the Kings ftr Jdi: and perempto-
ry command is held, to the undoing afterward of that town, and the Pro.
teftant caufe in France •, for the King fubdued the Town of Saint ^ohn af-
ter a hard fiege of 20 days, and beats down the Walls , the like he did to
20 Cltrak in Gafconj, and many other Proteftant Towns to the number of 60.
he brings under his fubjeftion, not without great (laughter of fuch as
made refiftaiKe , for many skirmiflies were fought. MontalhM alfo is i
befiegcd a long time, but in vain , for ficknefs and the winter floods for-;
ced the befiegers to rife and be gone : Among divers that loft their lives
hGxe^HerirjoiMajne, Viceroy of Gajccvy was one. After this,whilft the
King was beleaguering A/w^-tfr^jDuke^'Zw'*, Mafter of the Horfe (which
place Ancre had before) in the midft of his honors and wealth, which was
exceeding great, died in December : A fudden fire having in OSleher before
burned down the two bridges of the goldfmiths , and the exchangCj to j ,^2
30 the great lofs of the Merchants.
Pope Paul 5 died of an Apoplexie the 6(^ year of his age, and the 16 of
his Pontifical : YLLervis^xhe pacification being broke,befiegeth and taketh
Moatpelier with fome other Proteftant towns , at laft upon the fight of fo
much bloud flied , and fo many flaughtered men , he comes to a new a-
greement, at which divers of the Pontifician fide were offended. At
Rome Gregory I <^. called before Alexander Lodoifitu , who fuccceded Pope
Faul^.died of a Palfie;To whom fucceeded Cardinall MapbdwBerl/erin^hG
took the name of Urban S In France things being fomewhat quieted,King ^
LetvU enters into league with the Venetians zx\d Savoy ens againft Sfain , for *
40 regaining of the Valtelin , which after many skirmiflies and towns taken,
falls wholly into the power of thefe Confederates, whereupon the French
SiSavejens enter Italy, and make war againft Genita, for furnifhing the Spani'
ard with money and provifionsjbut a new fire of civil war breaking out in
France, calls home the French forces out of Italy. The Duke of Sonlize with
the RotehcUers had defeated the Kings fleet in a fea>fight > whereupon un-
der Montmerancy the King renewes his lea-fight,and heats Sonli'!{e,viho pre-
l| fently fled into E»j;/«W. /fwf^r/isbefiegedbothby feaandland, divers
~ Forts being erefted againft it , divers eruptions are made from the town,
divers Petitions are exhibited for peace, but all in vain ; the Proteftants
50 complain that the Articles of the laft pacification were not kept by the
King, that they had not as was promifed the free- ufe of their Religion,
that the Forts fet up againft Rotchel , were not as yet deraoliftied , that
the Synodicall meetings of the Minifters were hindred •, hereupon the
two brothers, Rohan ^nd Stnli^ , the chief of the Proteftant Party in
Fr4Wf, implore the affiftance of EHgland,Vfh\c\i now ftood not upon good
P p p terms
514. The Second Tart of the Book.VI.
An.Chrifti terB)s wuh Frana,{mQf: the (ending away oi Qnt^cn Maria freub Clergy,
'^-'""V"^-' for being too buiie about her confeffions and penances-, t\\Q EPgltjl) aKo
■ had taken fotne French Siiips carrvkig provifion for the SpaniArd, and the
French had made a ftay of JilI Englifh goods there , for fatisfying their lof.
ies : Hereupon a fleet under the Dake of Ijuckinghum is fent to the lOe
o'iRee, lying over againftTJd/f/^^/i at firfthe drove the French inx.o the
Callle^but afterward out of carelefnefs he fufFered his forces to be cdt off,
and fo returns liome with lofs and diflionor. Vendcmet\\t}L\ngs baflard
brother is im pi i Coned. jD/^«/Vri lately converted to the Church oiRrme, is
made Mafter of- the horrejCardinai/f/V/jf/zfy being Admirall of Fr4»f^, is {©
imploytdagain(li?*/f/A'/. oWt'rageth with fire ?nd fword againft th^ir
Proteltant town;- of G^j^p/^putting all ages nnd fexes promifcuoufly to
d .-ach^but at la(c hath a defeat given him byiJe^4Mf,the Rouhders ftoutly re-
* ° filled the ritgejfo long as their hopes oiEngli^ aid , and their provifions
cotinued^but when both failed them^&famin began to prevail, their ftout
hearts were forced to yeild , f )r the harbour was fo flopped and barrica-
doed, that fiiips could not get in to relieve them, nor return the provifi-
ons which Buchlpgham had borrowed from them , therefore they furren-
der the Town, proraife to pay the fine laid on them , and to maintain
the Kings Garrifon there , till they build him a Caftle within the walls, 2g
on their own charges ^ upon this they obtain their lives, eflates, and Re-
ligion .• In this liege there died by famin and the fword, 1 5 thoufand of
the befieged , the, plague alfo raged in the Kings camp ; Kehan and Son-
/;2;< are both comprized within thefe articles of Keichel conditionally
they reffore what they yet withhold from the King 5 MerttalhanoXio
with feme other places are included in the fame peace,if within j months
they lay down arms, and fubmit to the King; upon this peace between
the King and his Proteftantfubjeds : a peace alfo is concluded between
England and Frame, by the death of Buckingham , who began and fomen-
ted this war.
France being now at peace with England, is better able to afliflthe30
I029 Duke oi Niverne, charts by name , to recover his right in Mantua , which
he claimed (his coufin German Fincentiui being now dead ) as his due both
by will and propinquitie of blood : this Principality he feifed on with-
out acquainting Ci«/jr Lord of the Fee; the5^4»/4r^and^4'i/tfyp«ftormed
at this, who had an old quarrel v/ith the Dukes of cJWii»/«4 about Jl/tf«//^
ftrrat ••, fo now France and Spain renew their old ftrife. The Saveyen fides
vf'nh Spain, the F^netians 'with Muniua--, Naples^ Sicily, MiSan prepare for
1-^3®' vvar. The quarrel in Fr4»« between G4/?tf Duke of Or/M;;j, and Cardi-
nal KichelieUy took rife from the defire the Monfieur had to coyn money
with his own flarap, as being next heir to the Grown , and a priviledge aq
equally belonging to him, and to the King; this was denied and
refufed by the C ardinall,wherefore the Duke in anger leaves the Court.
The Ring by the Cardinalls advice, fet a Guard upon his Brother 5
this the Duke confidering to be both dangerous and di^racefull , with-
draweshimfelfe privately thence, and raifeth an Army of Malccon-
tents .• A battel is fought, in which the Duke is defeated, and Mo»t-
i5'«2 ntor ancie t^ken jntheskirmifh; the King to appeafe all civill difFeren-
'' ces , is content to oardon his brother , and his Courtiers ; he com-
mands allforaigne Souldiers to depart theKingdome , Montmerancie is 5©
required by the Kidg^ co be left to his mercy; pardon alfo is pro-
mifed to the Gentiie and Judges of the Dukes partie, upon their humble
Petition ; the Bifhops of his Faftion are put over to the cenfure of the
next Synod, fo p^ace upon thefe terms being fetled , the Duke
enters Lpm in great State ; but Montmtrancie , with whom the King
was
Chap.z^. HtftoryofthelVorld, 515
was more implacable, is condemned of HighTreafon. Much intercefllon^».C^r//?/
was made for him , but in vain. His head is cut off at Toloufe the thirty (-/"VNJ
fifth year of his age. Gajlo being ftruck with this rigour, dcpartcth the king-
dom, and wrote back to the King, that he was not now tied to any Articles
or Covenants, yet promifeth that he will ad nothing to the prejudice of his
Native Countrcy.
CHAP. XXIV.
10
c// Profemion of the EngliHi Hifiory, under the reigns of Henry the 4''', Ucn-
vythef^, MdHcnrythe6'^-, from the year 1^99. till the year 1460. con-
taining divers fajfag&s of the French and Scots affairs.
►£»r)/ the fourth of Snllinbr 00k, T)wVto^ Hartford^ fon and
heir to ^ohn of Gaunt^ the yonger brother of Lionel D. i ?;)9
of Clarence^ is eleded and Crowned King , his prede-
ceffor King Richard being depofcd as is already faid.
Which depofition is condemned by J-ohn Biihop of Ca.r-
lifle, in that firft Parliament affembled by King Henry 4.
wherein he fliews the King Was worfc ufed then ordinary
Malefaftors, becaufe they are not condemned (as the
King was) before they have anfwered to the dbjedted crimes. But the Bi-
ftiop foK this fpeech was attached by the Earl iv/rfr/?)j/, and imprifoned in the
Ahhy of S. C/^ll>ons '^ then was the Crown intailed to King Henry and his
heirs, and forthwith Henry the Kings eldeft fon is made Prince of Wales, D.
of Cornwall, and Earl of Chejier. After the Parliament was ended, the K.
is invited to Oxford, where folemn Jufts were to be holden, by Edrv, Plantagi-
net Duke of Aumarle , Thomas Holland Duke of Surry , J-ohn Holland his
30 brother Duke of Exeter, both half brothers to King Richard, ^ohn Monta-
gue Earl of Salisbury, Hugh Spencer Earl of Cloucefler, with others, who pre-
tending a Triumph, intended the Kings deftrudlion privately, by Indentures
under their hands and feals . All thefe plotters met at Oxford, attended with
a ftrong guard of Archers, only Aumarle was abfent, becaufe his father the
old Duke, having found out the plot, by the Indentures , which by chance
he fpied in his fons breaft, made hafte to acquaint the King therewith, which
the young Duke perceiving , being Well mounted , out-rod his father, and
came to Windfor Caftle, wnere the King then was, preparing for his Oxford
journey, which he diverted by revealing the Treafon , and fo obtained his
40 pardon. The King prefently raifeth an Army to fupprefs thofc confpirators,
who being informed that their plot was difcovered, they difguifed one Mag-
dalen (wno was one of the plotters, and much refcmbled the dcpofed King^ j^q^
in royal robeSjgiving out he was King i?/<:^W-, and fo with all their Troops
they march towards London, againft the King, v ho was now on his march
with twenty thoufand men towards them. The noife of the Kings approach
fo diflieartned the companions of thefe traiterous Lords, that they ran away
and left their Lords helplefs, and comfortlefs, who (hortly after in their flight j^qj
arc taken and executed. >
The King being delivered from this danger, caufed il/ic^dri to be murthe-
"S^red (as is faid) left in his name the like Treafon might be attempted: Charles
the fixt of France, Father in Law to King Richard , hearing of his fufferings
and wrongs, but not as yet of his death, raifeth an Army to relieve him,and
to be revenged on King Hwr^. He was marched as far as P/Vtr^r^/j', where he
underftood that King Richardvia^ dead, whereupon he changcth his rcfoluti-
on, knowing he could do the dead no good, and disbandeth his Army : Yet
P p p 3 ihortly
The Second Tart of the Book.VL
140
niortly after , purpofuig to be revenged on King He?iry, by taking his towns
in J^uitM, raifeth another Army ^ but bcfoic he was ready , King Henry
washndcd'mVraKce with an Englip Army, condufted by Piercy Earl of
Wore eft er •, which caufcd 2<ring Charles alter his minde, and disband his forces.
Yet Henry diftrufting the wcaknefs of his Title, defires that ifabel K\no Charts
his daughter, and wife fometimc to A'ing Richard^ fhould be maried to his el-
deft fon'^Prince of Wales •, which Charles refufcd to do, wherefore flie is con-
veied into Fr,wf c, and maried to her coufin Charles, her uncles eldeft fon, the
Duke oi Orleans. 'I henoifeofthelateTreafon, of the i='rfwf/' preparation,
of the murthcr of King Richard ^ animated the Scots and Welch againft him. 10
Ofpen Glendor fpoils the Marches near him : The Lord Grey oiRmhen , and
Edfnund Mortimer, nghtial heir to the Crown, arc fent againft him •, but they
^^^^ loft the battel, and are taken prifoners ; 'B.d?mnd is kept in a dark J>ungcon,on
hope the A'ing would ranfom him, which was leaft of his thoughts , knowing
it was more fafe for him, to have Edmund a prifoner , then at liberty. The
Scots invade the Northern parts, but are repulfed by Kit\g Henry, who purfues
them with fire and fword into their own Country. But he was no fooner gone,
when they return with twenty thoufand fpoiling 'Horthumberland •, Sir Henry
Hotfpiir fon and heir to Henry Piercy, fell upon them, killed ren thoufand,ana
took five- hundred prifoners^ among which were four Earls. The next year 2®
following , one thoufand two hundred Gentlemen 2lk knt to Glendor, from
France, to be Leaders of his difordered Rout : But twelve of their bcft ftiips
were drowned in a ftorm, the itft returned home with much difficulty. After
this, tv\ civ thoufand i='rf??f^ are fent into Wales, whofafely landing, joyncd
with the Welch forces, confifting often thoufand. King Henry in his own
pcrfon marcheth with a ftrong army into Wales : Upon the report of which,
the French doubting more of the Welch inconftancy , then of their own
power or valour, return to their fliips w ithout ftriking ftroak. Hereupon the
VVelch fled and vaniflied, fo that the ii^ing finding no enemy to fight with , re-
turns in peace. 3®
King Henry to ftrengthen himfelf with friends abroad, againft his troubles
at home, mmcdmth^ane. Widow o( ^ohn, Duke oi Brit any ^ and gave
his eldeft daughter Blanch in manage to William Duke of Bavarr, fon and
heir apparent of Lodorvick Emperor •, then he matched Philif his youngeft
daughter to the King of Denmark. After this, Piercy of Northumherland^ Pier-
cy of Worcejler, and Henry Hotfpur, are required by the King to deliver up to
him their Scots prifoners . This they refufe to do, as being againft the Law
of Arms, which caufed fome diftafte .• fo that diicontent daily rifin| , the
Pierctes deduce the King to ranfom Edmund iMortimer, E^A of March, xheit
imprifoned Coufin, hoping thereby to reftore him to his Crown ; this is dc- ^
nyed by the King, as dangerous to his ownfafety, giving out that he volunta-
rily become Oivens prifoner, to countenance the Welch rebellion , and treache-
ries againft his Crown. Upon this, the Piercies in anger paid his ranfom,and
fet him free on their own coft, and withal made a League with Orven Glendor^
to depofc King Henry, with whom alfo joyned the Scots, the Earl of Stafford,
and Scroop, Arch-Bifliop of Tork, the beheaded Earl of Saliihuries brother,
with many others •, then they publiflied and fent him thefe enfuing Articles :
I . That againft his Oath he took after his banifliment, never to meddle with
the King nor Crown, hath wickedly feized on the Crown, and made himfelf
King. 2. That he had imprifoned King Richard, and caufed him to be mur-
thered. 3. That he hath ever fince unjuftly kept the Crown from J?<//»»»<!^ J®
Mortimer, the true heir, as being of Clarence the elder brother to ^ohn of G ant,
father to the ufiirping King. 4. That he had impofed on the people divers
needlefs and heavy Taxes. 5. That againft his Coronation Oath , he had
procured Burgyfhips for the Parliament , of fuch as would fcrve his turn.
^.That
C h ap . 24. . Hijlory of the IVorld. -5 1 7
6. That he hath hitherto dcnycd to ninfom his Coufin, giving out fallly he An.ChriJli
was become a voluntary prifoner, to colour the Welch Trcafon and Rebeiii- ,^v~\/>kJ
on. And fo upon theie Articles, they defie the King, vow his deftruAion,
:nid the Earl effort imcrs rcftitution. Hereupon Armies are raifed^ on both
lides ; and near Sfjreivshry :\ battel is fought, in which a great part ot the Scots
who bravely afTaulted the king, arc cut olflF-, Hotffur^ with fome other prune
Leaders, and many thoulands more are flain, Woncfler is taken priloncr, the
reft fled : On the Kings part were loft one thouland fix hundred -, ol" the c-
nemies fixthouLind , of wliich , thirty lix the King llew with his own hand. I4°4
Earl Duglas for his valour in a duel with the King, is fct free without ranfom._
^*^ The next day thanks are given to God: ^rorrc/??/- is beheaded, and many ot
th: Ring-leaders arc hanged, drawn, and quartered.
The Kin^ to profccute his Vidory , fends his Army under the Prince of
Wales, againft the Rebels, but they were fled : Glendor ioxiikcn ^ and at laft
famillicd in the Woods, many of whofe conforts were taken, and executed.
Pierc-j of NorthitmberUnd voluntarily fubmits to the Kings mercy, protefting
his ignorance in that Treafon-, the King for that time gave him good words,
with liberty to come and go, becaufc Ke had the Caftle of Barwick, and forne
other ftrong holds in his pofleffion. After this, Lems Duke of Orleam^knds
a challenge to King Henry •, to whom he returns this anfwer , that his tormer
2Q anions could acquit him from the name of a coward -, that Kings ought not
to cxpofe themfelves to danger, but when neceflity required -, that the Duke
was not his equal,& that notwithftandmg he would at all times be ready to rc-
prcfs the Dukes infolencies, or rafti attempts on him or his people. The Duke
hereupon in a ralli paflion, befiegeth the Town of Vcrgien in Guien, where ha-
ving loft many of his men after three months fiege, was forced to rife and de-
part with diflwnour. The Duke of Burgoin alfo, by the French Kings leave,
raifcth fix thouland men at L^rww, one thoudmd five hundred Crols-bows,
and twelve thoufand foot men, for regaining of Callicc. But the French King
hearing what preparations are making in England, and conlidering the dira-
5c cultie of this attempt, requires the Duketodefift from his intended enter-
prife. This he conceived to proceed from the Duke of Orleans, who was
jealOtis of Bourgoins valour. King Henrj having efcaped two dangers ^y^^'
bellions, is now like to tall into the third, plotted by P/wjf oi Northu/ztber-
land, 5fw^ Arch-Bifliop of Tork, Mowbray Earl Marjhal, and by the Lords
Hafiwgs, Vaulconbridge, Bardolfh, and others. But the plot in the infancy of
• it, \^as difcovered ; therefore the King comes unexpectedly into the North,
with*an Army, furprifed the Lords, and ftruck off their heads, huiFiercy
and Bardolph iicd. Piercy afterwards returns from France into Scotlan^,whcsc he 14.C8
is promifed aid againft the King-, to prevent which,the Prince of Wales is Cent
4c with an Army thithcr,where he rageth with fire and fword, recovers theCaftles
o^Banvtch^znd Jnrvick^ind makes the Scots imbrace a peace. After this the K.
crofling the Thames (rom Kent, to Ejfex, under the conduit of the Lord of
Cawois^was like to be taken by French Pirats. The Lord was fufpedted and at-
tached of Treafon,but was cleared by his Peers-,ihe Scots enter Northumberland
with Pierc), and Bardolph, doing much mifchicf. A'lng Henry upon this, levi-
ed a ftrong Army, but Sir Ralph Rokeshy then Sheriff of that County , had
defeated the Scots already, and had fmote off the two Lords heads, which he
fcnt to the A'ing for prcfents. In the eleventh year of his Reign, a Parlia-
mcnt is called,fome good Laws arc enadted-, the A'ino;s three younger fons arc
made Thomas Duke of Clarence, ^ohn Duke of ^eaford, and Humphry Duke
oi Gloucefier. The reft of this A'ings life was peaceable •, he intended warres
againft the Turk, and was for that purpofe providing fhips, men, mony,and
other requifits •, but was hindred by an Apoplexy, which at laft killed him,thc
forty fix year of his life, and 14 of his reign . On his death-bed he caufed the
ppp 5 Crown
1411
5i8 The Second Tart of the Book.VL
Ati.Chrifti Crown to be placed by him on his pillow, fearing fome other might take it
v^-v^^ that had better right. The Prince thinking he had been dead, takes away the
Crown •, whcrearthe ITing ftartcd up, asking who had taken away the Crown:
The Prince anfwered, that it was he ■-, then falling back into his bed,fighctl an*i
J . j2 faid, My Son, My Son, God knows what right I had to this Crown, and liow
I have enjoyed ix : to whom the Prince rcplycd , good Father comfort your
fclf •, the Crown you have, and if you die, 1 will take it, and keep it with my
fword, as you have done ^ and then the A'ln , died : In this A'ings time Cmld-
Hd// in London was built.
i^ring Henrj 5. fucceeded, who of a wild and loofe young Prince , became • ©
a wife and folid A'ing, after he had put away his lewd conforts. He begins his
Reign with the honourable Tranflation of king Richards body from Langlie,
which with pomp he interred at yVeJlminJla by Queen Jnne his firft wife. The
next year he calls a Parliament at Leicefier, where he is Petitioned to fupprefs
^ ^ the Religious houfcs of the kin. dom, becaufe they were abufed ^ the Reve-
nues of whicli lioufcs were proportioned to yeild to the king the annual rent of
twenty thoufand pounds,and would alfo maintain fifteen Earls, fifteen hundred
kni. hts, and above fix thoufand men at arms, befides almf-houfes for the
poor. But to divert this violent ftream , Chichlj Arch-Bifhop of C/ntterh»ry
being folicitcd by the Abbots, difcovcrs to the king his right and title to the 20
Crown of ^rance^ fliewing the Clergies willingnefs in furthering his regain-
ing of itj by offering to him a vaft fum of mony ; Thisfpcech dafhca the
Petition 5 and now all mens defircs are bent on France: for this caufe the
Duke of Exeter^ the Kings Uncle , the Arch-Bifliop of Dublin, the Lord
Gnj y High Admirall of England, and the Bifliopof Nt'rjf/V/', attended
with five hundred Horfc, were fent to Charles fixt of France^ to demand that
Crown, with the Dutchics of Aquitan^ Normandy ^and JnioH^svith the Coun-
ties of PoytOH and CMain ; which if they may be delivered up peaceably, then
King Henry will mary Katherin the Yrench Kings daughter, and endow her
with all the faid Dutchelfe and Provinces ; otherwifc he would gain them by 30
the fword. The Frwr^ King amazed at this meffagc, defircd lomc time to
deliberate, promifing to fend AmbalTadors of his own to King Henry ^ whofc
youth the Dolphin fo flighted, that he fent him a Tun of Tennis Balls as a pre*
Cent, fitter for him to play with, tiicn the Conqucfl of Vrance. King Henry
was fo inccnfed at this feoff, that he fwore he would ere long tofs fo many Iron
Balls in France , that the ftronecft Rackets there fliould not be able to return
them. The i>o//>/'i» hearing of^the great preparations in England , fends to
King Henry J that if he would live peaceably with France, ana take to ^ife his
fiflcr Katherin, then he iliould have with her a large furii of mony, with fome
fmall Territories in that kingdom-, the ¥renck Ambaffadors were honoura-'^
bly ufed and entertained at the Kin^s Tabic, who at laft depart with no other
anfwer , but that King Henry will have his Provinces and Seigniories which
he demands. With this he prepares for his march, having firft fortified the
borders from Scottijh invafions, and made his motiier Queen Regent of Eng-
Undj in his abfencc. Then he fends Letters of defiance to the French King 5
but in the mean while Richard Earl of Cambridge, brother to the Duke of
Tcrk, Wenry'LordScroof^ and Sir: Thfrna* Gr/iy , upon great rewards promifed
them by the Dolphin^ confpired either to kill king Henry in his Tent, or to dc-
hver him unto the Vrench King -, but the Treafon is difcovered, the Traitors
apprehended, arraigned, and executed the next day.
The King being landed in Normdndy, neer Harflerv upon the Sein, befieged 5®
it thirty fcven days 5 which the Dolphin not being able to relieve , was furren-
dredtoHwr/V, whofackedit, and ranfomed the inhabitants, which mony,
andgoodsjhcbeftowcdonhisfoldiers. Then having left his uncle Thomas
Duke of Exet§r^ as Govcrnour there, with thirty five Knights, «jnd one thou-
fand
Chap.24.. Hijlorji of the World, 5lp
fand five hundred fold iers, icfolvestogo to Calice by Land, f^or the Winter An.chrth
coming fooner then ufiiall}', caufed fluxes^ fcavcrs,and great mortality in his ^^-'''V^
Army •, for there died above one thoiifand five hundred men , bcfides the Earl
oi Stiijford^ ^A[\o^oi Nonvich, and fomc other Lords ^ the Kings ftrength
then confiftedonly in two thoiifand horfc, and thirteen thoufand Archers :
yet the frfw/'durft not ad venture upon them, though the Dolphin who ma-
naged this var, byrcafonof his fathers infirmity, hadaffembled above thir-
ty thoufand men : So that the EngliJ]) burned and fpoilcd all in their way,wit;h-
out refiflance. The French(thm at Rohan) bein^ unwilling the Englifi Ihould
1 c pafs through France unfoughcwith, advifeth witTi his Councel what he Ihould
do •, after fome debate , he was adviftd to fight , who prefently fends a defi- ^ ^
ance to king Heriry , whofe anfvver v\ as, that his men were now fick, and in
want, yet ftrong enough to repel all violence, if he were interrupted in his
march. A great Army of French being aflcmbled, they intend to fight the
Engli(h^ who therefore place themfclves in good array near hgemourt-, the
->Conftable of France accompanied with ten thoufand horfe-men, befides foot-
men, pages, and other attendants, draw' near to the Engltfh Army •, that night
was fpcnt by the French in jollity, prefuming an abfolutc vidiory the next day,
becaufe of their multitudes, and the Engltfh paucity : fo that before hand, they
20 caft lots for their prifoners. The French Army is divided into three battali-
aes, the firft confifting of about itfooo, was led by the Conftable, the fecond
or middle being bigger then the other, is commanded by the Dukes of Barre^
and of Jlanfon : the third was Marflialled by the Earl of Mark , Damp^ and
others. -K'ing Henris Vaunt-guard confifting of Archers only , is conduced
by the Duke of Tork. The main Battel is commanded by the iiTing himfelf,
in which were his ftronge^ Bill men 5 with him were the Duke of Gloucejler,
Earl Marjhd Oxford and Suffolk : the rear-ward is dircded by Thom/u Duke of
Exeter^ the A^ings Uncle. And to keep off the French horfe from the Eng-
Ijjh foot, they are all invironed with ftakes headed with fharp irons at both
5c ends, for the eafier. pitching of them in the ground. An Ambufhalfo of 14^5
Engltjh Archers is placed within a new-caft hedge , which galled the Vrench
horfe •, fo that their firft battail is overthrown, not only of the horfe , but of
the foot alfo, who were wounded and troden to death by the difordered horfe;
many of them alfo were knockt down by the Englijh Axes and Bils. Then
the French main battail is aflaultcd by the Englip, who being coura^ioufly
charged by the French hor:k, retreated orderly, and quickly flipped behind
their ftakes, to train the French horfe upon t^em ^ who ignorantly rufliing for-
ward, goaredtheirhorfesfo, that the main battail was put out of order, and
vanquiflied . In this encounter the King fought hand to hand with the Duke
4c of Jlanfon, whom he felled to. the ground, whofe life he would have faved^
but the Guard unadvlfedly flew him. The third battail confifting of grcatcft
numbers, butworftmen, cowardly ran away, cafting down their arms, and
many on their knees craving mercy-, the ifing gave order they ftiould be re-
ceived as prifoners -, but wbilft he was purfuine the chafe, 600 French horfe
cntred the A'ings Camp, weakly guarcfed, riffling all that they could,and flew
many of the Guarders, which caufed a great out-cry : the -RTing hearing it,
fuppofed a frelli Army had been come to fight him again •, whereupon Procla-
mation is made that all ordinary prifoners ftiould be flain , left they ftiould in-
danger the Army in the newconfli(ft. A pitifuU flaughter is made among ^
5c them , which coft the K. many fighs and tears^ when he underftood that no
frefti Army was come.
Though the K. and his men were tired with that days fervicc , yet fearing
thcworft, he puts his whole Army in Battalia , when prefently the Earls of
Mark and F attic onbridge, aflailed him with fix hundred men , but they were
quickly overthrown and flain. Towards the Evening of this day , the K\n%
with
510 ne Second Tart of the Book.VI.
Aff.cfjrip with his Army gave folcmn thanks to God for his Vi(5lory, and then gave
V"V"v^ leave to his foldicrs to riffle thofe they had (lain. Which beino done, he mar-
cheth into Calice^ where he is received with great joy. In this battail were
flain the Conftable and Admiral of Jrrfwff, the Duke of Ahnfon^ the Duke
of Brabant^ the Duke of SAvre^ with divers Earls, twenty five Lords, eight
thoufand Kniahts, Efquires, and Gentlemen, befidcs miik'tudcs of common
foldiers-, the Duke of Or/f 4 w, the Duke of Swr^ow, with divers Lords, ma-
ny were taken prifoners. On the Etfglijh fide were flain the Duke of Tork, the
Earl of Suffolk^ with fix hundred others ; So after the King had refreflied him-
felf and Army fome time in Cdice, he returns with much fpoil and wealth in- i ©
to EngUnd, and is received into 'London with much triumph. Not long after
this battail, the Dolphin died ; the Earl of Arminack is made high Conftable
of Yrance^ and none put in offices but ftout men. At the fame time Thomat
14^^ Duke of £xf/fr, Governourof Harflerv^ iffued out of the Town with three
thoufand men, fpoilmg all the Country , till almoft he came to Rohatt. The
new Conftable with five hundred horfe, made the Duke retire , but orderly ;
the Treffch were fo hot in the purfuit, and came fo near Harfterv, that the reft
of the E»glijh within iffued out, and being joined with the Dukes forces , put
the Yrtmh to the flightfor two miles, taking divers prifoners, which they
difmifled, not without ranfom. The Emperour 5;^ii/w>W came into Eng- 20
land to mediate for peace, but could not : After great entertainment, King
Henry accompanies him to CalicCj whether Henrj of Surgoin upon hoftages
repaired. A Peace is concluded between them concerning VUnders and Ar-
tois only •, this peace made the Vrench jealous of the Duke, as of a fecrct ene-
my to France. Not long after Harfierv is bcfieged by the Conftable, both
on fea and land: but this Fleet of five hundred Vrench ftiips, is defeated by the
Englifi Fleet of two hundred fail, under ^ohn Duke of Bedford^ King Henries
brother : Many French were killed, and many fent prifoners to England. Up-
on this the Conftable raifeth his fiege, and the Duke of Bedford new vi(5lual-
Icd, manned, and fortified the Town, and fo returned to England.
icing Henry underftanding that the Erench Peers were fallen out into divers 30
faftions, upon private grudges, he calls a Parliament, flicwing his right to
Erance^ his opportu»ity now to regain it, his good fucccfs hitherto , the mi-
ny wrongs done by the French upon the Englifh^ and withall his want of mo-
ny. Thefe motives were fo inducing, that mony is prefently granted, and
with chearfulnefs levied . Hereupon ^ohn Earl of Huntington fon to that D.
of Exeter , beheaded under King Henry the 4. being fent out to fcowrc the
feas, fell upon nine Carricks oi Genua^ hired for the /"rwf^ Kings fervice 5
fix of which he funk , the other three he took with great ftore of mony and
mony worth. King Henry fliortly after landeth with his Army in Normandy^
before the Caftle oi Tonque ^ which he took-, the itportof this made the 40
Normans flye all to their ftrong Towns, fb that the Englifl) without refiftance,
march, and pitch before C4«f, which after long and ftout refiftance by the
ti or/nans^ and many furious affaults by theEngl/Jh is taken, theTownf-m^n
having flung down their arms, ftnd fubmitted to mercy. The Arms being
heaped together in the Market place , and kept with a guard of Englifti, the
King enters the Town, and in the great Church ^ivcs folemn thanks for hi*
vidiory. Then he affemblcs the inhabitants at their Senate, where he ccnfu-
red the chief of thofe who refufcd his mercy, fome to death, fome to ranfoms,
which he divideth amongft his foldiers. The Dolphin and Conftable, finding 5»
want of mony, hindred their a<5tions •, they take from the Queen Mother a
great mafs of mony, which ftic had fcrapcd together , which fo cxafperated
ner, that (he got !fohn Duke of Burgoin^ their mortal enemy, to be protedour
of th^ King during his infirmity, and Regent of France. Hereupon grudges
?nd quarrels arifc, the two fa^ions of the DpZ/^/w and Regent labouring to
undo
1417
I
Chap.z^. Hiflory of the World, ^u
undoctach other 5 fothcpublickgoodis negleftcd, and the Englt fl) imna- An.citujfi
ted in the Conquefts, cfpccially in Normandy , where the people for want of ---'"^''^^^
aid from France,zrz willing to fubmit to the 'Englijh ^ therefore the King pro-
claims that all who would ycild and become his fubje(5ls , Hiould enjoy their
own, and receive his protc*flion : Whence mod of the grcateft Towns there
ycild themfclvcs into the hands of King Henry, and his two brothers, Clarence
and Cloucefier. All which the King ftrongly fortifieth -, Englif]) officers are
placed alfo in Cane.
Whilftthc Kin^ is thus imploycd, he underftands (hzt Rohan is manned,
iQ and ftrongly fortincd, and that the whole wealth of the Country is conveyed
thither-, therefore he lay eth fiegc to that City, and chains the River, having
made a Bridge alfo over it, to keep off all relief by water. The Earl of Wrf^-
ivick with an hundred good Ihips enters the mouth of the River , and cauf-
cth the Town of Caodeback give them a quiet paflfage towards Rohan , pro-
mifing to yeild it to King Henry ^ if he took Rohan, othcrwife to let him return
peaceably : fo he goeth for Rohan. At this fiege one rhoufand fix hundred /-
rip under the Lord of Kilmay repair to the King, and are entertained by him.
The King at firft affaulted the City, but to fpare his men , refolves to llarvc
it 5 for there were at that time in it, above two hundred and ten choufand
20 fouls : therefore he keeps in the Townfmen by his Archers, and a deep Ditch.
This fiege continued above 5 months • in which time , many were forced to
eat Dogs, Cats, and fuch vermin 5 multitudes of the poorer fort were thruft
out of the gates, and fo pcrifhed with famin. At laft fome Commiflioncrs
arcfcnt to dcfirc a conference, which was granted 5 fo the next morning four
Knights, four learned men, and four Burgeffes, all cloathed in black, repaired
CO the King, and told him, that it ftood not with the honour of a brave Com-
mander to fubduc people by famin, but by valour 5 that therefore if he would
permit the fick, with the women and children, to pafs through his Army, and
tTien aflault their walls , he ibould find men to buckle with. The King being
^o offended at this boldneffe, rcplyed, that he was not to be taught, neither when
to affault their City, nor with what weapon fire, fword, and famin, being e-
quai inftrUtnents of deftrudtion, and indifferently made ufe of by thebeft
Commanders of all ages ^ therefore he tells them , that neither will he fuffer
their weak people to pafs through his Army , nor will he relieve them, as he
hath done fome already, being uncharitably thruft out, and expofcd to all mi»
fcry . Laftly ,he tells them,that he who hath ventured through all their Coun-
tries, and taken their ftrongeft holds , dare^ affault the Town, and take it,
when he thinks good. Thus having fpoken, he commanded they ftiould dine
with his Chief Officers of State. After dinner, they repair to the King a-
40 gain, humbly defirin'' a Truce for eight days, to refqlve upon the beftcourfe?
which was affcnted to by the King .
Durin^; the eight days Ceffation from Arms, many confukations were had,
but nothing done. One day more is dcfired,, apd granted •, mean while the
commons do mutiny in the Town, accufing and threatning their Magiftrates,
and Commanders ^ who fearing the worft, made them all meet in the Market
place, and demanded what they would have^ they anfwer , a rendition of the
City to King Henrp So after four days Truce more, the City is furrendred.
B«rg-«»^^ fearing infuing dangers , ftrives to reconcile the two Kings, hoping
thereby to avenge himfelf upon the Dolphin^ and the Conftablc. Manv par-
50 lies were had, but to no end . The King at laft told the Duke , that either he
would have Katherin the Kings daughter, with all the Seignories demanded,or
clfe he would drive both his Maftetj and himfelf out of that kingdom. The
Duke replyed, that the'thing wis not fofoon done as fpoken.- Hereupon the g
Duke reconciles himfelf to the Dolfhin, at leaft in outward fhcw ; which was ^
a great hinderance to King Henries rcfolutions, who to ftiewhewasriotdif-
mayed,
^21 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
J».Chn(li^^^<^-> created fome Earls, and fuddenly takes Ponthoys , with one thoufand
v-'\^~^ five hundred men-, thence he marched to Paris, and fate down before it two
days, but left it again, by rcafon of his paucity : Mean time, all the Towns
of N^r»7/tW^yeildto King Henry , except Mount S.^MichAcl, which was
never befieoed. But whilft 5»r^tfWjf fought to reconcile himfelt more fully
to the Dolphin, is treacheoufly murthcred by the fame Dolphins procurement.
At which, rhilip Earl of Carolois is fo grieved for his fathers death , that he
'4^9 meant to put nway his wife, the I?o//'^/»jfifter, but that he was diflfwaded by
his friends. At length he ftrives to make peace -between the two Crowns,
which after much adoe, was concluded, and King ^f;7r)i maried to the Lady lo
Katherin^xn whofe right he is proclaimed Regent and heir apparent of France.
The Articles of Peace were thefe : i . King Charles and Queen Ifabel his wife,
fliould be ftyjed the Father and Mother of King Henrj. 2 . King Charles, and
Queen ifabel, during their lives, fliould enjoy their Regall Dignities and
Revenues. 3 That Queen K at her in fhould have in England a Dowry of
twenty thoufand Marks. 4. That King Henry fliould notbeftyled King of
France, during the life of King Charles. 5. That after the death of King
Charles, the Crown of France fliould come to King Henry, and to his heirs.
6 . That King Henry fliould be Regent of France, becaufe of the Kings infir-
mities. 7. That the Court of Parhament in Frrfw^, fliould enjoy tneir ac- 20
cuftomed Priviledgcs. 8. That King Henry fliould affifl:, defend, and proted
the Peers, Clergy, and people of France, p. That he fliall fupprefs inteflin
broils, and adniinifter juflicc. 10. That he fliall place none in offices of Ju*
ftice and Government, but fuch as arc every way able. 11. That hefhall
ftrivc to reduce the D<'//'^/» and Conflablc to the obedience of King C/^^r/w.
12. That he fliall caufe all to fwcar obedience to king Charles, during his life,
and after him to king Henry and to his heirs. 13. That all pofTefTions won
from rebellious fubjeits (excepting Normandy) fliould be converted folely to
the benefit of the FrwrA King, except the offendors fubmit. 14. That iVor-
mandy after king Charles his death , (hall fubmit to the Scepter of France. 3°
15. That the people of Fr/iwf, be not burthened with Taxes, nor undue le-
vying thereof. I . That after king C/'rfr/w his death, Vrance znA England.
fhould be governed by one man only, without fubordination, each king dome
retaining tneir priviledgcs. 17. That the fubjeds of both kingdomes live
quietly and lovingly together. 18 That neither the Vrench, nor Englifi king,
fliall make peace with the pretended Dolphin, except they two concur in the
fame with the Duke of Burgundy. 19. That none but French attend the pcr-
fon of king Charles, lo. That both the kings, with their people, fliall ratific
by their hands and feals, and fwear to thefe Articles.
Thefe Articles were proclaimed inEngland ind Vrance,md ratified by oaths; 4®
then both kings accompanied with young king ^ames of Scotland , the Duke
of Burgundy, the Prince of Orange, twenty one Earls, forty five Barons, bc-
fides multitudes of knights and others, make war in Burgoin, taking in all pla-
ces that had fided with the Dolphin. The murthcrers of ^ohn Duk e of B«r-
^wW)-, arc apprehended, fentintoP^m, where fliortly after they were fenten-
ccd and executed. A'ing Hfwry is proclaimed Regent and heir apparent to
the Crown of Trance, firft at Pam, then at London. At Paris the two kings
kept their Chrifimafs : Such was king Henries entertainment and bounry, that
he wins the love of the Vrench. The late murchered Duke of Burgoins wi-
dow, before both the kings at P4r/f, complains of the X>o//'A/;?, and fcvcno- 5°
thers, as murthcrers of her Husband. All thefe are cited to appear , who
faihng, are profcribed, that is, baniflied , degraded, and divefled of all their
Efl:ates. The Dolphin hearing this, goeth to Langttedoc, where be is aided
with men and mony, by Arminac, the Conflablc that was. After this king
Henry and his wife, go to Rohan , where they receive homage of the Nobles
of
C h ap . 2 ^ . Hiftory of the pf^o) Id, f 2,2. '
oF Noim.%nd)-^ for that Dutchy then having left his brother Thomas Dukeo^J/i.Chrifti
cLiraue^ General oi' France c^nd Normaftdy, and Sahdury the (kid Dukes Dc- ^^-v^J
pmy, he with his wife i. o to Crf/zc^ , and foto London, where they are recei-
ved wjth much joy : and fhortly after, the Queen is Crowned at Wejlminfier,
Mean while Alanfcn tlie Dcl^htns Lieutenant General, levied a great Army, a-
guinft wLom Clarence raarcheth with his Normandy Garifons , and pitched
near Jngiers in Jkjou. One Forgufa a Ltmhard, to whom Duke Clarence
truftcd too much, betrayed him, by making him believe that the /"rfw^^ Ar-
my was finall, difordercd, and inconfiderable •, wherefore he marchechwich
his horfe only, leaving his Archers behind, and falling into the Ambufliments
"" of his enemies unawares, was forced to fight upon great difadvantages , ha-
ving four for one aoainft him 5 and at lafl: after he had ftoutly a long time de-
fended himfelf, was totally overthrown.
In this battel were flain of the French , above 1000 two hundred , of the
: Englijh the T)n]s.eo^ Clarence, the'Eaxhoi Tankervile, and Kent ^ the Lord
B . Rofs, and about two thoufmd more. The Earls of Sovterfet , Suffolk , and
ferch^ the Lord P/7;(iv4ffr, and many others are taken prifoners •, Six Thomas
Beauford, Commander of the Archers, underftanding that Clarence was be-
trayed, haftned to fuccour him, but came too late, the battel was fought :
the Vrench upon the news of Beaufords comj.ng, were fled, with their prifoners
2c and booty. So finding the dead bodies, he buries them, and fends the corps
of Duke Clarence into England^ where it was buried at Canterbury^ near his
Father i<^ing Henry a^. The news of this defeat being come int6 England^ the
I King grieved much for the lofs, chiefly of his brother. Then he fends into
II Hormandy, as fuccefTor to Clarence , the Earl of Mortaign, brother to Somer'
fet, lately taken •, and withall calls a Parliament , fliewing how needful it was
to fend an Aimy againft the Dolphin : For undertaking of which bufinefs, he
wanted not iiaen, butmony. Whereupon the Temporalty gave him one fif-
teen, and the Clergy tw6 ^ and for avoiding expencc of time, the Bifliop of
V^inchefier^ the iringsQncle,disburfed twenty thoufand pounds, which were
^(-repaid him out of the fifteens . An Army of four thoufand men at Arms,
with twenty four thoufand Archers , is raifed and fcnt to Caiice , under ^ohn
Duke of Bedford^ the Kings brother, whom the Kin^ in his own perfon fol-
lov\«d. Who underftanding that the Dolphin with feven thoufand men had
befiegedcZ-ztrr/frj-, hemarchethdirecflly thither-, in the way he was met by
theDvikeo: Burgundy , who brought four thoufand men to him. But the
Dolphin diftrufting his ownftrength, raifeth hisfiege. Hereupon the i^Ting
(ends Burgundy into Piccardie^ tofupprefs S.^P^f^ww Har court -^ King ^ames
of S cot land \n the mean time, befiegeth the Town of Direx\ and byftorm
takes It. K'ing Henrie purfues the Volphin from Tours to Burgjs in Berrie,
but being unwilling to tire out his men in long purfuits, he returns over the ri-
^ ver of Loire, taking in Towns and Caftles by the Way. Mean v hile news is
^ brought that Qiicen Katherin was delivered of a young Wenry at \Sind[or^ of
whom the i';ing fpake thus .• ' [I Henry , born at Monmouth , fliall remain but
afliorttime, and gain much •, but Henriehom at W;»^'',fli.all reign long,
and lofcall.] After this, the King takes by force the Town o^ Meux, in
-Brie-, hereupwi the other Towns yeilded. In the interim, the D^//'^i» falls
with fire and fvvord upon Burgoins Country, and heRegethCofney • the Duke
fends to the king for aid , who himfelf in perfon marcheth thither withgreat
•Forces •, but by the way he fell fick, and fo was fain to fend his brother^c^;^,
50 Duke of Bedford : whereupon the Dolphin raifed his fiege, and retired into Ber-
rif; the Kin^ is caried unto Bois in Finccnnts, where he died r, before his death,
te called to him ^ohn .Dukeof Bedford^ and H»wp^n>Duke of ,Glo^cejler,
%is brothers : he makes ^ohn KegexK of France^ and Lieutenant General of
Nfirmandie-j and Humphrie Prote«a:or of 'England^ and of his fons perfon.
Then
51^ The Second Tart of the Book.VL
An.Chrifii Then exhorting them with his Nobles that were prelentj to keep triend-
<^^~w^ fiiipwith Burgundy, unity among thetnfelves, loyalty to bis young (on;
to take care of his afflifted Queen , to maintain what he had conquered,
to profecute the waragainlt the Dolphin and Ah»(on ; he thanked God
1 422 for all his conquefts, and fo departed the 38 year of his age, and the 10 of
hisreigne, his body is conveyed into £»^/<»»^ , and honorably interred
at IVeftmiffjler. The Queen afterward married to Omen Jeudor, by whom
fhe had three fons , Edmmd Earl of Kichmond^ Father to Henry 7. King
of England. 0.^. ]afper Earl of Pembrek. And 5^. Owen. In this Kings time,
Sir lobn oldcaflle , who in the right of his wife, was called Lord cdhum, 10
caufed great troubles in the Kingdome , by maintaining Wiclltffi opini-
ons, which could not be fupprefled till Sir Kebert A£!o>t, and divers t thers
were condcmnedby the Clergy for Herefie, by the laitiefor Treafon,
and fo were hanged, and then burned gallows and all.
King Henry the 6. at his Fathers death, was but 9 months old, the
Jre»cA King being dead, the people there began to (hake off the Ett-
glijh yoke, and to adhere onely to their new Jfing Charles The Lord
Grandvyle is fent to Font-MeUnce, which he furprifed , but not long after,
Menucute Earl of Salisbury regained it to the Englijh. The Parifians fend
to £»e/W f or proteftion , which is promifed. The league is renewed 20
"^^^ between the Regent, and the Dukes of 5«r^«»</3( and Bf;M»3f : The Re-
gent marrieth k^mc Burgundys brother, but the wavering Parifians , diffi-
ding in the EngUjh proteftion, defire King Charts to receive their City in-
to his hands ; which the Regent underftanding , comes upon them fud-
denly with his Army 4 feifeth on the Citie, puts to death many of the
chief plotters of this revolt , and Mafters the Citizens with Englifh Ga-
lifons. In the mean time the Lord WiSiam Stervart Conflable of Scotland,
with a ftrong Army befieges theTown oiCravant in Burgundy^vfhxch (iege
is raifed by the Earl of Salisbury , with the lofs of 2 1 hundred of his men,
andSoco of his enemies. After this the Earl is made Vicegerent ofS^
France, Bry, and Chawpaigne , and Sir ^ohn Faftelfe Deputy of Normandy :
The King of Scots is releafed and ranfomed , who marrieth with ^anc
the Kings Coufin German, and daughter to the deceafcd Earl ofSomerfet.
The Proteftor fends 1 0000 men with money to the Regent in France:
Divers Towns are taken and retaken 5 the Duke of ^ritany revolts to
the French, and fo did his brother ^rr/&«r Earl of R^^y&wW, whom Henry
5 had made Earl of Tury in Normandy, and Governor there ; whereupon
the Regent befiegeth the Town , which promifed to yeild, if help came
not from the French King at a certain day : MclTengers are permitted to
goe and acquaint the enemy of all things. Alanfon fhortly after with ^
1 6000 French made (hew to raife the (iege, but did nothing , then he (its
down before Vernoyle , giving out that he had defeated the Regents Ar-
my , which was falfe , yet by this faKhood he got the Town ; and by his
retreat fuffered the Regent to be Lord of 7urie : Then the Regent gave
battell to the French and Scots at Vernoyle : the (ight lafts three hours ; in
'42 5 the end the Engli(h got the day, who loft of their own men 2 1 hundred,
of the French were flain 7000 , of the Scots 2700, bcfides 5 Earls , 2 Vi-
counts, and »i Barons : AlAfifon with divers prime men taken prifoaers,
Vernoyle is furrendred too , and forti(ied by the Regent, who thence go-
ethtoKohan, where he is joy fully received 5 then he fends icooo men
' to CMyne under Salisbury , who won Maunts, and divers other Towns in 5^
that Province. Kichmond now Conftableof France with 40000 Sfo»,
French, andBm4w, befiegeth Saint 5Pfl«»rj in B^;3)fc» defended onely by
60® £»^//^5 but this handfuU Tallying out furioufly on the enemy, and
crying hidioufly Saint C7«r^f, Salisbury, ^tefently defeated this great Ar-
; my .
p
Chap.if. HiftoryofthelVorld. 525
my, fuppofing S4/«^»rjf with his Forces had been got into the Town ;-«*/>. CAr;)?»
many of the enemie were drowned, more flain, fome taken prifoners, '-''"V^VJ
but moft ran away, leaving behinde them 14 piece of Ordnance, 40 bar-
rels of powder, with match , wine , and other provifions ; The new
Conftable to redeem his loft honor, burneth a few Villages in ^/»;o«, har
ving recollefted his difperfed Forces.
But at home fell out a dangerous difference between the Proteftor
and his Uncle Henrf Bifliopof Winchefier , and Chancellor of England:
For appeafing of which, the Regent makes a journey into Eogtdnd,
10 where by order of Parliament , the differences are compofed and en-
ded ; in honor whereof the King kept a foletnn feaft. In the interim
the Earl of Warwick xheK^^ents Lieutenant in France^ takes many pla-
ces in Majnty and is threatned by the French Bravadoes , to no purpofe ,
for having made fhew to fight, they runaway; Things being quieted at
home, the Regent with his Uncle, the Biftiop of fT/'w^fy^^r returns in-
to Frame ; and upon Burgundies intreaty he fets Alanfon at liberty for
the ranfome of 2©o thoufand crowns , which money he might have had
again if he would have fworne allegiance to King Henrf of p»^/<i»J, which
he would upon no terms confent to. About this time the Bilhop of
t0WincheIl(r was made a Cardinall at Callice^ more for his wealth then for
his learning, for he was a rich Prelat , but a poor Schollar. \^uranchet
an Engltfh Garilon in Normandj is befieged by Kuftian Marlhall of Brita- *
ny '■, but the Englifti faliied and defeated the Army , and took the Mar-
fhall prifoner. Fontorfon is befieged by the Engltfh under Warmlck and the
Lord Scales^ who forr aged the enemies Countrie there about 5 and being
encountred by fome FrenchLoxd^s ^ and 6000 other Soldiers , he defeats
them, and takes fome of thefe Lords, with one thoufand more prifo-
ners ; The Garifon of Saint Sufan furprifeth the Caftleof Raw/irrjwhich
twenty thoufand French appointed to raife the fiege of Pontorfon , regains
50 from the Engltfh , when in the mean while Ponterfon is taken by ffarrviek^
the City of Mount \s betrayed by fome of the Clergy and Magiftrates •
within , who in the night murthered the Engli^ Guard that maintained
the firft watch, opened the Gates , and let in five hundred fwwA men,
who committed great flaughter there, the Earl of Suffolk , Governor of
the Town, with moft of the Englijh Soldiers enter the Caftle , and held
out a fiege , till the Lord Talht in the night with feavcn hundred men,
by the aSiftance of S«j/ftf//fe attd the others in the Caftle, regained it ^ the
Englijh crying S. George Talbot fo amazed the fleepie French in the dark,
that many broke their necks over the walls , thirty Citizens , twenty
|oPriefts, and fifteen Friers who had betrayed the Citie , were tortured '4^7
to death as Traitors.
About this time died the Duke of Exeter, the Kings Tutor, which
charge was conferred on Warrvick , and in his room was fet up Thomas
Montacute Earl of Salisburj , who is fent into France with five thoufand
men, to which number as many more were added; with theie he march-
eth againft Orleans^ feated on the River of Lofre, it was ftrongly fortifi-
ed by the Baftard and Bifhop of that place, a Bulwark was erefted on the
Bridge, out of which iffued the Baftard of Orleans , but was beaten back
into the Town with the lofs of his men , and of the Fort : About two
50 months after the Town was befieged , the Earl of Salts bnrj looking into
the Town out at a window of the Tower within the Bui wark,was unhap-
pily killed with a great ihot , whofe death was fatall to the Engliftt , who
began now to decline in their viftories. Sujfolk is made Generall in that
fiege , whom the Regent furniftieth with new fupplies by Sir lohn Fal-
(folphj who in his return towards the fiege, is let upon by 9000 French >
Qqq under
'^ The Second Tart of the Book.VI-
An Chriltt unuer DtUbrrth , and Steward, now Conltable of Frame, who with
J^>r^ five thoufand live hundred of their menareflain, and eleven thoufand
taken prifoners.
This was called by the French the battel of herrings , becaule the
Englifh chief provifion then vas fuch Lenten StufFe. Orleans being
wearieof folongafiegej and finding the French aid failed them, fent
to the Duke of Burgem, to take them into his proteftion, to which
heaHentedif the Regent would fo agree thereunto ^ but he refufed ,
thinking it a diftionour for King Hepryto beat the Bufh, and another
tb catch the Hare; Wherefore the Duke's afFeftion to the Englifh 19
began to grow colde. •
At lalt Alanfon in the night time (the Englifli Watches being care-
leffe ) conveyed many Regiments of men , and Provifions are con-
veyed into the Towne, fo that fhortly after they Sallied out, flew
fix hundred of our men, and tooke two.Bulwarks. They afTjulted
alfo Talhat , in the Bajlile , who beat them back into the
Towne with lofle of their men. The next day Suffolke quitted the
Siege ; and was himfelfe within few dayes after Befieged, and ta-
ken Prifoner , with his Brother, and many more, in the Towne of
14.28 largziux^ by Alarffen , who kills all his Prifoners,except the former two. 20
AUrtfom Army confifting of twenty three thoufand men, was in-
• creafed by the comming of Arthur of Brittan, Gount Vandome^ and
many more, who fall upon Talbot, Scales, and Uttngerford , as they
were conducing five thoufand men to Fortifie the Towne of Meum ,
thefe three are taken Piifoners after fome Bloudie blowes , and twelve
hundred of their Company flaine. The Report of the French good
SuccefTe, made many Townes and Forts revolt to them : Hereupon
the French King with a great Army enters Cbampdgne , takes Tr<ijs , the
Chiefe City of that Province ^ ChaUins and Rhemts revolt to King
Charles^ upon this he is prefetitly Crowned there ; the report of whofe
C oronatioDjCaufed many places to rebell,and fubmit to the FrcnchKing; 50
The Regent finding the French fo fortunate in recovering their
Townes , meanes to trie them in a Pitch d Battel! , therefore Sum-
mons King Charles to a Fight , who accepts of the Challenge ; but
when itcametotheupfhot, he raifed his Camp in the night , and run
away 5 the next morning the Regent purfues him , but could not in-
duce him to fight; wherefore he returnes with his Army to Parity
where hearing of dayly revolts , marcheth out againe with his Ar-
aiy of tea thoufand men , hoping to make the French ( whofe num.
berwas more then double) toingage, i)ut could not j about this time
King Htwry was Crowned. The Regent perceiving that the Townes of^^
i^r<a)9« generally revolted, refolves to make Normandy fure; therefore
'4^9 he repaires thither , calh a Parliament , and lets them know, the right
King Henry had to that Dutchie , the miferies they endured under the
French , and their happinefs under the Englifh Government , and
withall promifeth them a further addition of immunities. Mean while
King Charles labours to win the Duke of Burguoin by great promifes, and
ftiewcs of grief, for the murthering of the Dukes fother, with which paf-
fages the Duke acquaints the Regent ; the King perceiving he could not
win the Duke, fets down before ?dr/if with his whole Army , fcales the jq
walls, and thinks to take it by ftorm, but is beat back by the Englifh Gar-
rifons thercKing Jiftiry underftanding of the daily revolts in France,ix6vci
him, comes to Caliice with a great Army , and by the way of Rohan mar-
cheth to P4r«,v/herc he is anointed and crownedKing oi Franc e,xcccWmg
homage and fealtie from the nobility and Citizens. At lengch a peace be-
ing urged by Pope Eugenitti 4.both Kings condefcend to a truce for 6years,
which
\
Chap . 2 if. . Hiflory of the World, 51 j
which lafted but awhile/or fliortly after King Htnrjs return into England^ An.Chrifii
Ann the Regents wifcjand fifter to thcBttygundian died,whereby theDukes '^■^"Vn^
affeftions to the Regent grew cold daily j the truce lately concluded, is
broken by the Freneh^viho by (ecrct underminings poflcft themfel ves dai- ' '
ly of towns and caftles-, they fecretly convey 200 foldiers into the caftle ja.7%
of /foA<j», hoping to furprize it,but the treafon is detected, and the confpi-
rators driven into the dungeon, whence fome arc hanged,fome torturedj
fome imprironed,and a few ranfomed. lohn Lord Tdht is noW redeemed
out of prifoHjWho brings from EngUnd 8co men^and joynes with the Re- ' 4?5
10 gent,he challengeih the French to f]ght,but they refufcd.About this time >
the Pefants o( Normandy rebel, who marching towards Cane, ufcd much cru-
eltie,Dut they are quickly fupprefled by the Earl of Arundel , and the L.
WiHoftghh^, who flew above 1000 of them , and put their ringleaders to
death by tortures.The E. of Arundel as he was beficging Gerhrj Caftle, is
(hot with a C^lvering.and being taken prifoner (hortly after dieth. The
D.ofi>«r^<»» after I § years imprifonment is ranfomed for 18000 pounds
but died in London the fame day he intended for France : The Regent and
t).of Burgdn being exafperated againft each other by fome talc-tellers,
were again reconciled by their friends,and fo far as to meet at S.Omers for
20 a conference , but whilft they both ftood upon punftiliosof honor, the
Regent claiming fupcrioritie as the ron,brother and Uncle to Kings , the
Burgundian as Lord of that town,they departed difcontentcd ; and forth-'
with Barguoin makes a league with the French King, the murtherer of his
father; about this time S.DeonU was betraied to the French by the baftard
of Orleans^ and (hortly after recovered again by thcEnglifli, who beat 14^4.
down the walles and towres thereof. Fonthois alfo rebels , and thrults the
Englilh garifbn out of the town, mean while the Regent dieth, and is fo-
lemnly buried in S. Maries Church at Rohan in a rich monument, at which
, theiVtfrw4»Nobility ftormed,whonotfongafter intreated K.tfWArii.to
go pluck it down,and caft the Regents carcafs into the open fields, which he
refufed to do , holding it bafenefs in them to infult over his dead body,
whom they durft not look on whilft he was alive. After him the Duke of
Tork is made Regent, which place was aimed at by Somerfet the Kings cou-
fin.P4r/if revolts with divers other places, ufingthe Englidi cruelly and
fcornfuUy : The Normans alfo rebel and infult over the Engltjh^ till they
were fubdued again by T4Mflr aiX\d Scales^ who flew 5ooo()f thefe rebels.
The new Regent with 8oco foldiers lands at Harfitvp , and from thence
comes to Rohan^nt his proceedings were much hindred by the D. ofSom-
merfets privat grudgings^ the D.of B«r^W^ pretending a title to Ca/lfs,be-i
40 fiegeth it with 40000 men,by 3 afTaults he attempted to win it, but is ftill
beat off with lofs; then he thought to fubdue it by famin , but could not
becaufe the Englifh Navy was matter at fea^at laft he tries to fhut up the
harbour, by (inking 4 great hulks filled with maffie (tones cemented with
iron and lead,that they might not be beaten afunder by the fea sbut being
they were not funk in the channel, at low water the (hips lay dry, fo that
the Callifians tore them afunder for their own ufe^ the DuKe had built a
(trong Ba(tyle,and placed 400 men it, which annoyed the towh muchj
but it was affaulted and won by (bme troops of horfe out of the town,the
Proteftor being landed with his forces, fo affrighted the D. who lay now
50 between the town and Englifh army, that he removes in the night, lea-
ving his ordnance,tents, armor,and provifion to the Protestor, who ha.
ving 2 5000 men in his army, falls upon Flanders sixxd ArtoU with fire and
fword,and then returns with rich booties to Ca/lice^ and from thence into
England^ being in much trouble about the Stots invafion with gcooo men
under K-^ames i , who befiejged the Caftle of Rosburg •-, which the Scots left
Qjq q 2 and
5z8 TheSecondfartof the Book VI.
jift.Chrtfii and retreated into their own country , upon the coming of the Earl of
\.,^\r<L NorthumberlMd with his army. About this time Q^ CAthtrin the Kings mo-
143^ ther died.The D.of ror^ is difcharged ol his Regency in France , and the
1437 E oiWamick is put in his room , who after 7 tinaes imbarking arrived in
N0rmandj^3i\d[endsTalhct,Fau}cenhriclg, avd fn Thomas Kjriel with 50c o
men to raife the fiege from Crotoy , afore which Burgnndj lay with icoo
men.The D.upon this flies into Alkijl, and from thence into ^w/Vw^the
Engliih finding that he would not fight,enter Ficardj and ArtoU^ fpoilmg
all before them , and carrying away much bootie 5 Kjriel furprized the
1438 Dukes carriages and ordnancc.The ^.oiMottufn^ Somerfets (on , took the 10
caftle of S. Aujan in J\/<i)f»,wherc he flew ^co Scots^iind hanged al the French
men there,for their revolting. The Englifti begin to have feme hopes in
regaining of P4r« upon the rebellion of the Dolphin againft his father,
therfore a great army is prepared , but the t)olphjn was reconciled again
to the French K- and fo the Engliih hopes were ftrangled in their birih.
lebn L. Cliffords a froftie and fnowie night clothes himfelf and followers
^^^^ all in white, and fo having paiTed over the ditches of PonthoU , they fcale
the walls,and take the town, in which they killed the mofl: part of the
men found ihere,fome ranfomed themfevles j upon this the French King
in ptrfon befiegeth PonthoU ^gw'vng it many furious affaultSjbut to no pur- »0
pole : mean while Richard Betuchamf E.ofVFatvprck and Regent of France
died^fo Richard D.o( York is made Regent the 2"^time,who with a great ar-
my repairs to the fiege,daring the French K.into the fitld, which he refu-
fed;,fo leaving his Ordnance in the Baftyl of S. Martin which he had ere-
fted,raifed his fiege in the night,and went to Pojfj-, the Englifh next mor-
ning feife thtmfelves of the tents and provifionsleft bebinde, fo having
fortified the town , the Regent with his armygoeth towards Peyfy and
dares the French King^who finding it good fleeping in a whole skin, rcfu-
fed to fight^ whereupon the Regent forfakes him,and marcheth to Rehanj
when the French K. heardthat the Englifh were fo far off, he befiegeth 30
Ptf»^/&07ithe2«Jtimc,a{raultingit almoft every hour,he lofl: before italmod
3000 men,and in the end he won the town,where he flew 400 Englifli.At
laft both Kings being weary of war, defire a parley, for which CaBit was
appointed,becaufeC/;4;/; ofor leans who had bin a prifoner in England evet
fi ice the battel oi Jgenceurt^vvas to be conveyed thither-,the AmbalTadors
'^ could not agree,becaufc K.Heprp demands were thought unreafonable.
i.In demanding 300000 crowns fot his ranfomjtoo great a fum. 2. For re-
quiring the poflelfion ofAqaitan and Normandy^ without acknowledement
ofhomagetothecrownofFrance.^.Foi defiringalTownesand Forts in
France to be delivered up toK7/«»ry, which the Engliflj had enjoyed with- ^9
in the laft:?oyears,fo the parley is diflblved jyet (hortly after Phtlip of B«r-
gundj paid the D.of Orleans his ranfom. In the interim the Regent divides
his forces into 4 troops, which ia feveral places invade France and Nerntaft-
dy-itht French on the other fide being 6cooo. fall upon Aquitan and Guian^
taking in many towns and forts, which fhortly after were retaken by the
Englifh; about this timedifTcntion arofe between the proteftor&his uncle
the Cardinal ofVFinchefttr ^zad the ArchbiQiopof rflrl:,whom he accufeth
for doing publick things for their privat gain , the matter is referred to
1442 the counfell , but no redrefs was had,becaufe moft of them were Clergy
men; and to vex the Protestor the more, they accufed and convifted his -^
wife of witchcraft,and that fhe had confpired againfl theKings life,wher-
fore fhe is forced 3 times to do publick penance in London^ and then com-
cnitted to perpetual imprifonment^divers of her affociates were executed.
King Henry made the h.Talbot Earl of Shretvshury^znd fent him into Hor-
wandy with3ooo choice men.TheE.of/<r/»/»4f to' ftrengthen his title of in-
heritance to the Countefs oi Comings lands^offers his daughter in mariage
to
Chap.Z^. Hijlory of the JVorld, %19
to King /^t»r^j with much money , and a lurrender of all the lands \v\ An.Chrifli
c//^«/M« belonging to him^ this offer was willingly hearkned unto; but t./'V^J
the FffW/& King prevented the match , by making himfelf owner of the
faid Earls dominions ; So King Henrj will think no more on that match;
Aftermucheffufion of blood, a peace is made between the two King- 1445
domes for eighteen months ; in which time the Earl of Suffolk without
any Commilfion or acquainting his aflbciates , foUicits a match between
King Henr-] and Margaret, Coufin to the French King, and daughter to Re-j'
tier Duke of Anjou, and titulary King of Sicily^ Naples and ferufalem. He
10 demands no money, becaufe th-' Djke was poor , healfo confentsthat
Yim^Hen^-j (hill freely releafe to her Father, all his right to the Dutchie
of Anjoa , and Countrey of Majm : This motion was well liked by the
French Lords, and King flenrj ; but oppo(ed by the Protedor , becaufe
theDuke was poor, his honor but titular. 2 Thit the King was inga-
gcd to Marj^Arminacsdinghter. 5. That his lofs would be great to part
withhisintereftin Afijou andMiyne-^ but thefe reafons were rejedted,
the King refolves to have her , and therefore beftowes new honors on
them who were inclined to thi«; match •-, among others this Earl oiSuffolk
is m^de Marquis, whom the King fends richly attended into jFrdwt, to
J o receive the young Queen from the French King , and Rcjner her Father j
withm few days after her arrivall fhe was married, and Crowned. The
time of the truce is almoft expired , great preparations in France for re-
newing the War, King^fwrjrtoincounter thofe preparations , calls a '445
Parliament, in which the Marquifs of Suffolk makes a fpeech highly
tending to his own commendations, in commemorating his former fer-
vices, which he defires may be recorded; this was confented to with
great applaufe, and he is made Duke of Suffolk.
Such was the condition of Francs at this time , that within few years
the whole Kingdome with Aqttltan and Norm.indj islofl:tothe£»^/</i^;
jQ partly by the wife Counfels of the Duke of Orleans , who had he been
kept a prifoner ftill , it had been better for £«^/j«i, and partly by means
of this unfortunate match between the King and Queen whereby he
loft ArminaCj and other friends, nor did this Lady bring either money or
new friends to ftrengthen his caufe ; Befides, the giving up of his right
of Anjou and Mayne , loft him both Normindf and Aquitan. The murther
alfo of Gloce^er his wife Counfeller, and the Kings own milde and peace-
able dii pofition, were main caufes of the lofs oi France ; now the Queen
being of a haughty and revengefull fpirit , fcorned that the Ring (hould
be altogether ruled by G/oi-e/^fr the Proteftor, therefore fhe being incou-
^^xigcdhy Buckingham^ Suffolk, thtC^rd\m\\oi Winchefler , andtheArch-
Bifhop of To»^^, all enemies to the Proteftor, calls him in queftion,
for the treafure fpent in the French Wars • then in Parliament they con-
demn him to imprifonment, for highTreafon; and the next day he was
found dead ; thus was that good Duke of Glocefier rewarded for his
faithfuU fervice. Upon his death the Duke of Tork begins fecretly to
let on foot his Title to the Crown, theDuke of S«/i//fe fills his Coffers
with the peoples money. The Souldiers are negledted, the Kings Coun-
fellersdifabled, and the people difcontented. The Truce with France
is violated on the Englifh fide, by taking the Town of Tongyers on the
-Q Frontiers of Normandy, belonging to the Duke of Britany, without fatif-
faftion given to the Duke, and on the French fide, by taking Pont- Larch
12 miles from Kohan, where the Englifti were cruelly flain , and their
goods rifled ; fo within a few years after , the moft Towns in Normandy j^.g
and Guyan are delivered up to the French among the reft , Harflew , and
^ohan , by Sffmrnrrfet and Shrewsbttrj :Thefe difafters went not alone, bat
Qqq 3 were
5}o l~he Second Tart of the Book.Vl.
An.Chrifti weic acccmpaiucd -^nh dixb Ai\on\u Ireland ^ which drew thuhcr the
^-'^^W'v^ Duke of Turk with an Axn\y ^ who both fupprefled the Rebellion,
and by his wUdome, courtelie and valour, obtained the love of the
Nation.
J, ^3 Thelrifl) expedition hindred the aUdirs of Nermamiy'-, yet Sir Thomas
Kyrtd is fcnc thither with 1400 men, who regained fotne loft places, and
^ then joyned himfclf to Matthew Cough and others , fo that now their ar-
my confifts of 5roo who encountring with 70CO of the enemies march-
ing to the fiegeot Gane Vere overthrown, 4000 of them being flain :
(;4»eisclofely befieged, andaffaultedby theFsench, but lo ftoutiy de- l^
fended by the EngUfh, that many French men loft their lives there ; at
laft the Englifti being tired out, and Sommer (it importuned by his wife,
and clamours of the meaner people, refolves to furrender it , though he
was much oppofed in this hy Sir David Hall , Captain of Cane ^ who af-
firmed that this Town belonged not to the King, buttothp Duke of
York, and that therefore 5ow»»<r/?/ though the Kings Lieutei['ant there,
could not furrender it ^ but at laft it is yeilded upon Articles : Andfo
now all Normandy is loft. Sir David Hall in anger failes into Ireland , and
incenfeth York againtt S&mmerfet J whom, he perfecuted fo , that at laft
1 450 this Sammtrfet loft his head. The Queen is blamed ior the lofs of Norman- 20
dy^ (owjis Suffolk^ who is accufed of high Treafon. i. In caufing the
Duke of G/o«^€r to lofe his Proteftorftip and life. 2. For placing ill
Counfellerg about the King. ;}. For mifguiding the Queen , and mif-
luling the Kingdome. 4. For iofing Aquiun and Normardj. 5. For re-
porting that his daughter in Law, heir to lehn Duke of Somerfet^vfzs next
heir to the Crown , if the Kings iffue failed. 6. For perfwadingthe
French to transport an Army into England , that his Ton lohn by his wife
might fucceed to the Crown. 7. For caufing the Duke of Orleans to be
fet at liberty. 8 For perfwading the French King by thefameDuke
to make ftiarper war in Notmandj. 9. For having lecrct correlpon-
dence with King C/&<jr//. 10. For difcoveiing to the French King, che30
weaknefsof King //fwrjij provifions. ii. For bragging he had power
to work the French King to any thing. 1 2. Foi ftopping fupplys from
the Kings Army in Normandy and Franee. 1 3. For his ill gotten wealth,
and monopolies of the chief Offices.
The Queen to prevent the Dukes further perill , who could tibt clear
himfelf of thefe Articles, caufed him to be (entto the Tower, and
then concluding the Parliament , reftored him to high favour with the
King; the people repine at this , and then openly rebell, under jg/w-
^C4r^ their Commander , but this rebellion was nipped in the bud , and
the Ring leaders executed. Upon this a Parliament is called ar£d«-.Q
fter^ wherein the lower Houfe Juftice is required to be done on Suffolk^
whom the King to pleafe the people exiled for 5 years, but as he was fai-
ling to /"r^wf, he is taken, landed on Dowr fands , and his head chopt
off on a boats fide : Thus was the blood of Hamphrj Duke of Glecefler re-
ven;ged. Mean while the Duke of Torkln Ireland^ fetsonfoot herein
England his claim to the Crown , as being defcended lineally from Pbilif
heir of George Duke of Clarence^ the elder brother oHohn of Ga%m^ great
Grand-father to KingHf»ry6. h Was alfo whifpered about that God
blefled not King Henrys ufurped fuccelfion , as might be feen by the iofs 50
of Trance : The weaknefs of the King, the ambition of the Queen, jnd
wickcdnefs of the Counfellers ^ hereupon a Kemi^ Rebel, lackCadf.^
V/Lo falfjy called himfelf Mortimer^ made an infurrtdtion there, and wuh
his armed crew marched towards Grf^Mwf A, where the King then nas,
to whom he lent meffengers, to ioform him , that he ffleant not to hurt
his
Chap. 24-. Htfloryof thelVorld, ^l
P
hispcrfon, but to remove his evil Cotmcdlors, who had opprelTed the pco- Jfi. chnjli
pie. The King upon this is coiinfelled to encounter thefe Rebels, not with •.>^v^\j
words, buc fwords-, thefefore an Army is fuddenly ralfed , the Rebels re-
treaty whom the Kiilgs Forces under Sir Humphry Stafford^ and his brother,
purfued: the Rebels taking advantage of pluce and time, confronted ando-
vercatae many of tFie Kings Forces. After this viftory , ^ack with his
gracelefs rout, came to black' Heath, thence to London^ where they did
much mifchief-, but at length the liin^s pardon is proclaimed to all, except
to the Ring-leaders ; fa the fearful multitude left their Captains, ^ack is
J pfofcribed, and a thoufand M:trks promifed to him that Ihall bring him dead
or alive. In the end he was found, and flain •, as he fought defpcrately for his
life, his head is prefentcd to the King, who paid the reward .
The Di:ke of r"w'i' being ad vertifed by his friends, and fuch as difliked the ^45 ^
preient Government, that a Parliament was at hand , left his Deputation in
. Ireland, and returns home , where he advifeth with ^ohn Duke of Norfolk,
and his other friends, how he might without ufurpation, or treafon, fet forth
his Title to the Crown. After long debate, it was concluded, that the Duke
of Tork fliould raife an Army, under pretence of removing the Duke of So-
merfet from Court, for mif-ruling the i^'ing and Queen, for oppreffing the
people, for occafioning the lofs of France^ and for other -treafons . The
2G A'ing upon this raifeth alfo an Army , who undcrftanding from the Duke of
Tgrk^ that he intended nothing againll his perfon and ftate , but only the re-
hioval of Somerfet ^ the King fent Somerfet (for a (liewj to the Tower. Here-
upon Tork dilTolves his Army, and privately repairs to the King, where un-
expectedly he meets with Somerftt^ and is accufed by him of treafon, for rai-
fing an Army to dcftrOy the A'ing •, wherefore he is detained prifoner : but be-
eaufe the Kings Coiincel thought it unlikely that he aimed at the Crown, fee-
ing he had difmilTed his Army upon Sowerfets commitment, he is fhortly af-
ter releafcd. In the midft of thefe troubles , the Lord of i^cquitain offers
fecretly to fin-render that Dutchy again into the hands of King Henrie. Here- 1452
5c vipon Tdhot Earl of Shrervshttry, is fcnt over with three thoufand choice men,
who received the Dutchy to the Kings ufe. But the Trench King with two
and twenty thoufand came fuddenly and fought the Engliflj-j here the Earl,
and iilmoft all his Arftiy, was flain, and Aqaitain regained. Shortly after ^453
Prince Edward is born, EdwarA Tuthar King Henries brother by the mother
fide, and father to King Henry the fcventh, is made Earl of Richmond. The
Duke of Tork complains to divers of the Nobility , of the Treafons and
Treacheries of Somerfet^ and ffrengthens himfelf by the affiftancc of the
Earls of 5<</fcr^«ry, And Warwick-^ then he caufeth Somerfet to be arretted of
High Treafon in the Queens great Chamber, whence he was conveyed to the 1454
4c Tower, and fliortly after accufed in the Parliament of Treafon.
The Parliament is adjourned by reafon of the Kings cither reall or feigned
ficknefs : Shortly nfzct ^Somerfet is inlargcd,and made Governor of Calice, to
the great difcontent both of Lords and Commons^ the Duke of Tork^ and his
affociats, raife another Army within the Marches of Wales, both to be re-
venged on Somerfet, and to fet the Crown upon Torks head •, fo they march
towards XW(;0. The King to prevent his coming thither, meets him with
another Army at Saint Jlhns ; a bloudy battail is fought, on the Kings part
were flain Somerfet.^ Stafford, Buckingham, Clifford , and more then eight
thoufznd Lords, Knights,and others. The King is taken prifoner,and brought
' to the Duke of Tork, who having power to kill him, yetufcd him with all
refpe^, andbrou.ht him with honour to ZW(?» ^ whereupon the Dukes re-
qucfl, a Parliament is called, and Tork made Prote<5tor of the Kings perfon,
and kingdom. Salishry is made Lord Chancelour , and his fon Warrvick,
Captain of C/iZ/Vf ^ and fo the kingdom was governed, to the content of all
sood
521 The Second Tart of the book VI .
Jft.CfiriJff good mm; but Humfhrie Duke of Buckingham ^ who loft his eldcft fon in
^ - tie battailof S. Alhom, snd Beauford^ the new Duke of Somerfet, v\ ho then
H55 loft his Father, inform the Queen, that for all this fairfhew, thefe Trium-
viri would bring mifeiy on her, and on the King, whofe Crown they meant
to fet on the head of York^ if their plots be not prevented .
Hereupon the Qneen and they in a ^ reat Councel held at Greenwich , re-
move Tork and Sdisburj from their government : Hence divers broils arc
bred •, the Merchant-ftrangcrs in London , for growing richer then others,
becaufcof their parcimony, and vigilancy, arc robbed, but the chief ofFcn-
dors in this were put to death. The French burn and rob fome frontier j^
Towns in this kingdom. The Scots alfo did miich hurt in TorkMxt^ till
the Duke came againft them with a great Army , then they retreated into
1456 their own Country.
The Queen made great fliew of love to Tork^ but meant his ruine -, therefore
flic got the King to make his Progrefs to the Norih,Hunting and Hawking by
the way : Mean while by her letters flic requires the three Lords to come to a
fpeedy Conference with the iv'ing .• whereupon they came, fufpe»fting no hurt,
and were kindly ufed. But being advertifcd of their danger, the Duke of
Xork ^cd. 10 Wdes, 54//>W)' to his own Country , and his fon W't/'JW^ 'nto
Calicc. TheA'ing fearing that thefe jars among his Nobles, would occafionzo
J - . - his enemies abroad to attempt mifchief againft him and his kingdom, caufcd
all his Lords to meet at London. The Lancajirian Faiftion lodged in the Sub-
urbs, the Tork/P) within the walls , the Citizens fearing blows , remained
Neuters^ and to keep the Kings Peace , guarded the ftreets night and day
with armed men. But at length the Arch-Biftiop of Canterbury , with other
Clergymen, prevailed fo with their Rhetorick, that the iiTing, Queen, and
Lords, met , and friendly fat leaft in fhew ) imcrtained each other. This
union is honoured with a Religious proceffion through the City •, in which
the A'ing wore the Crown , the Queen was led by the Duke of Tork , the
Lords of each Fadion, went band in hand, at which the people much re- 30
joiced. But fliortly after, upon a falling out betv ccn a fervant of the Kings,
and a Gentleman of V^artvicks^ in which the Kings fervant v as wounded, the
Kings guard afTaulted the Earl and his followers , as he was taking horfc 5
much bloud was flied, but no man killed. The Q^ieenwho hated the Earl,
^^^ commanded he fliould be apprehended, and fent to the Tower ^ which he
hearing of, poftcd away into r^r^ fliire, where he complains to the Duke of
Tork, and to his Father, of the wrongs done him by the ivings fervant, and
the Qi.icen notvvithftanding the late friendfliip -, but fearino he miiht be outcd
of his government in Calice, he pofts thither, his father the Earl of Salisbury^
marchcth to the Court with : ve thoufand men , complaining to the iifing 0^40
the wrongs done by his fervants to his fon, and of tne Queens difTimulation.
The Queen upon this, caufeth the Lord Atidley to incounter him on his way
with ten thoufand men, and to bring him dead or alive •, flic alfo came a^-
terwith another Army. The two Lords fight defperately on both fides : at
laft, the Lord Audly with two thoufand four hundred of his men are llain, and
Salisbury remained Mafter of the Field.
The Duke of rorit perceiving that his life was fccretly aimed at, raifethan
1459 Army, and claims his Title to the Crown in the open Field. Therefore he
with Salisbury, march into V^ales^ where W^rn'.f^ repairs to them, with
Trallof and Blunt , two expert Commanders in the French wars. Their 50
Armies meet the Kings Forces neer the Town of Ludlorv : the two Captains,
which pretended they were for the Lords , and had intended to invade the
Kings Army, bet mes the next morning, Cbeing checkt in confciencc to fight
againft their Soveraign) fecretly fled, came to the King, and acquainted him
with the Enemies proje<ft ^ for which {crvicc they arc pardoned, and rewar-
ded. The
Chap. 24-. HifioryoftheU^orld, ^3-^
The Lords underftanding their two chief Captains were revolted, and dif- An.Chrifii
fidin^ in their caufe, fled from their Army in the dark ^ the Duke into W^les, v-^'V^^j
and tncnce into Ireland^ the other two into Devon/hire , and from thence to
Calice. ThcA'ing glad at their flight, purfuesthera, but too late-, he par-
doncth the ordinary foldiers of the T"<)r/r///j Fadion, but their Captains were
executed. The Lords are proclaimed Traitors, their goods and lands con-
- fifcated, the government of the North is committed to the Earl of Nerthum-
berland^ and to the Lord CUjford.- Henry the young Duke of Somerfet , is
made Commander of Cj/zVf, who coing to take porfeirion, not thinking his
10 Enemies were there, was beat off by the great Guns from the Caftle. The
Queen hearing of this, prepares to fend a new Fleet, which lay ready at
Sandwich ; but the Mariners, who favoured the Tork/f) Faftion, boarded thefe
Ships, as they lay at anchor, and conveyed them with the Lord Rivers^ ap-
pointed Admiral of them, to C Alice -^ Warrvick (ails in ihcm to Ireland ^ to
confer with the Duke of r^r^. In his return, the Duke oi Exeter , Admiral
of the Seas, intended to take him, but his Mariners , Favorers of the Tor-
kijh Fadion, were cold in the purfuit : fb Warmck returned fafe to Calice.
The King upon advice of his Parliament, attainteth all the Lords of the Tor-
kifh Fadion, of high treafon, and fills all the Sea Ports with Garifons, for
2 0 fear of Invafion : But the Earls at Calice had fecret notice of every thing done
in the Kings Chamber ;, they manned divers of the Kings fliips, which Dyn-
/'rfw had brought thither, in which they arrived within the haven of Sand-
Tvich, and took Sir Simon cMountfort prifoner, Warden of the Cinque Ports,
vanquifhed the Town , and caried away fuch of the Kings Ships, as they
found there. They arrive at Sandwich the fecond time, and are afliftcd by
the Lord Cohham, with twtnty five thoufand men, who march towards Lon-
don J vvhithertheLord5f4/«isfenttofecurcit for the King: but the Lord
Major would not (uffer him to enter, fhcwing he had power futficient to keep
the City for the King •, fo Scales in anger, polTelTeth the Tower, and annoics
jc the Londoners.
The King marcheth with Buckingham and Somerfet , and with many other
Lords, and a ftrong Army, againft the Enemy : the two Armies met near '
Northampton; the /(Ting is for Peace, theQueenforaBattail, who therefore
incourageththefoldiers. The fight began^ and lafted two houres very furi-
oufly : At lafl: the A'ing is overthrown, two thoufand of his men {lain,among
which were Buckingham , Shrewsbury^ and many others. The Queen with
Somerfet and the Prince, fled to Durham , hoping to raifc a new Army, or
clfe to {belter themfelvcs in Scotland. The King is taken prifoner , and caried
honourably to London. The Tower is delivered to the Lords by the foldiers,
^o againft the wiUof the Lord Scales^ who ftriving to cfcape difguifed in a wher-
ry ,is taken and beheaded. The Duke of Tork hearing of this Victory, repairs
to XWo»,calls a Parliament in the i<ringsname, and fate down in the Kings
feat in the upper Houfe, where in an eloquent fpecch, he difcovercd his title to
the Crov n, being heirto Anne daughter of Roger Mortimer , fon and heir to
fhilif^ the only daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence., the third fon of Ed-
ward the third, and elder brother to ^ohn o(Cant^ who was Father to the U-
furper. King //f wry the fourth. He related alfo the feveral calamities that fell
upon this kingdom, under that unlawful government. Laftly, he requires no
favour, but what juftice will afford him, nor other pofleflion, then what his
50 defcent and title will allow him. The Lords and Commons after long de-
liberation, enafted, that King //f«r^ ftiould continue King for his life •, that
the Duke of Tork fhould be proclaimed heir apparent of the Crown •, that he
, fliould be Prote(5tor both of Kin^, and kingdom •, and that the prefent pofTef-
ficn of the Crown, fhould be delivered to him , if at any time i^ing Henry,
or his friends , fhould attempt to infringe thefc A(Sts , now confirmed by
Oaths. The
534- The Second Tart of the Book.VL
AnXhrifit The Duke of York^ being now Protci^yr, fends to Scotland in the Kings
^^^^^""^ name, totheQlieen, Scmrfet^ Exeter^ Devonpire^ Clifford^ and Rofs, and
the reft of the Lords fled thither, to repair to the Kings prefcncc ; but they
inftead of obeying this command, come to the Court with an Army of eigh-
teen thoufand En^lijh and Scots. Hereupon the Duke of Tork, with his youn-
ger fon, the E^v\o( Rutland^ and the Earl oi Saluburj ^ leaving the King
with the Duke of iV(?r/<?/)t, and Earl of W'trrr/Vi, march with five thoufand
men, and met the Qaccn^ifVakeJieid. The Duke in expedition of his el-
deft fon E</ivW , Earl o^ cMarch^ with a great Army, would needs fight,
which unfortunately he did, for there he was (lain, and almoft three thoufand ^^
of his men. i?«^/4ff(S^ being but twelve years old, kneeling, defired mercy, but
was cruelly ftabbcd by the Lord Clifford. Sduburies head, with divers others,
arc ftruckoff, and fct upon the walls of Tork^ in fpight of the Torktjh Fadi-
on. The young Duke of Tork after this, with three thoufand men , fights
PCTw^ro^t*, the Kings half brother, and fome other Lords, with their compa-
1460 nies. Inthtiirft incounter, Pembroke^ and the Earl of Ormoxd fled, four
thoufand of their friends are flain, Orre;* 7«r/'4r Father in law to King Hcfsry,
is taken prifoncr, with many others, and put to death. Mean while the Q.
Army beats theDukeof N<»r/(?/X', and refcues King Henry from his power.
But when (he heard of young Torks vidory, (he retreats Northward , and rai- ^®
feth fixty thoufand men , and near Towton^ is met by Tork^ Warwick^ and al-
moft forty nine thoufand men •, a cruel battail is fought, in which ibove thirty
fix thoufand YjtgUjh are flain \ among which, were divers Earls , and Lords,
the two Dukes, Somerfct and 'Exeter fled, Devonjhirej with many others , ta-
ken prifoncrs 5 the King, Queen , Prince Edn>ard , and others, are fled into
Scotland^ where they arc friendly intertained by the young King-, inrecom-
pcncc of which favour, Banvick is delivered to the king of Scots. The Duke
of York being Vidor , rode triumphantly into York, took down the heads
of his Father and Friends, and in tne fame place caufcs the heads of Devon-
jhire^ and fome others , to be fct up. A'ing Henry fends his Queen, with Prince
Edward^ to her Father Reyner^ dcfiring him to procure aid from the French
king : In the mean while he refolves to ftay in Scotland^ in expedation of
better fortunes. Thefe troubles were prefaged by a blazing ftar , divers pro-
digious births, and a monftrous cock out of the fea. A Porcland crowed
three times, turning his head to the South, North, and Weft. In king ^(r;»-
ri« time /4»/[f fteeplc was fired with Lightning , and Leaden Hall InLondoit
built. Upon a League with 5/4m, our Sheep arc tranfported thither. The
white and red Rofes began to be the badges of rori: and Z,<JW4/?rr. Whit-
tingtm CoUcdge, and Netvgate are built. The Bilhop of SalisbHry is pulled 4*
from the high Altar , as he was faying Mafs , and on the top of a Hill near
Edinpon, is barbaroufly murthcrcd by the V^iltjhire men. Each one of his te-
nants carying away in triumph, a piece of his bloudy ftiirc In this kings
time alfo , France , Uormandy , and Jquitain , are loft , five main battails
fought between the two great Fadions: i. At Saint Albons^ in which the
rorkijh prevailed. 2. On 3loar Heath, wherein the confederate Lords arc
Vidors. 3. At Northampton^ in which king Henry is overthrown. 4. Ac
rr^/'/f^^H wherein the king was vidorious. 5. At Ton>te»^ in which the new
Duke of Tork prevailed.
5»
CHAP.
Chap .2 5. Htjlory of the JVorld, 5^5
An. Chrijli
CHAP. XXV.
A Frofemion of the Scottifh Hijiory mder Robcit Duke of Albany, 4/?^^ Mar-
do E.trl of tife Gcvernours • alfo under James the firft,4»d James thefecond^
Kings, from the year 1400, till the year 1460. -•"■■-'';# v -^
■-E E .fliewed before, tbat tlic p<^ace bciag broken by Tiercies 1400
invafion of SeotlanA^ open war is denounced by the Scots
againft EngUnd. Archibald Ditglas ^ with ten thoufand
men , ragcth \vith fire and fword as far as New Cajlle.
Henry I iercy , and George Dumbar , meets him with a
ftrong Army-, abattail isfoiuht, the Sfo/^j' are defeated,
and P«_g-//// having loft one eye, is taken prifoner, with
fomeochei Lords, This battail was fought at Ham'tldon in Northumberland-^ 1401
About this time died Annahdla the Queen, and Trale Arch-Bilhop of S. An-
drews^ who kept Prince T>avid^ a lafcivious and unruly youth, in fome awe %
but when they wefc dead, he flew into all kind of diforders , complaints came
daily of him to.the king his father, who defires his brother the Duke of Al-
2c bania^ Lord Protedor, to keep a ftrid hand over the young Prince : he wil-
lin: to extinguilli his brothers race, makes David -^ clofe prifoner, purpofing
to ftarve him •, but he was relieved a while by a maid, the keepers daughter of
the prifon, who through the window conveyed unto him thin Oaten Cakes,
which (he hid in a Linnen Cloth caft over her head, to keep her from the heat
of the Sun. A Country Nurfe alfo fometiraes gave him fuck out of her brcafts,
which he received by a cane -, fo his life was prolonged a while : but the kee-
per upon fufpition, watched the prifon fo narrowly, that -he caught both tbefe
women, who were punifhed ^ the cruel keeper execrating his own daughter,
fuffercd the young Prince at laft to cat his own flefli,for want of other food,and
^o fo he died miferably. No man durft acquaint bis Father with this fad and bar-
barous ufage,nor with his death a long time, for fear of the Proteftor. But at
hft by fecret whifpcrings, the king hears of it, fends for his brother ^ and ac-
cufeth him, he layeth the fault upon others, and is ready to clear both himfclf
and fervants. Mean while he corrupts his accufers, produceth fome malefa-
. dors out of prifon, but free from this crime, whom he cruelly puts to death.
Yet the king could not but intertain the fufpition ftill of his brothers treachery,
but durft not punifh him, becaufe of his grcatncfs : Mean while being much
grieved for his fon DrfwW, takes care for his younger fon ^ames , now under
the tuition of the Arch-Billiop of Saint Andrews , who with others of the
^c kings friends,advife him to fend the Prince to Charles the fixth King o{ France,
fo he (hould be educated by him, and out of harms way. Upon*this, he is
km wii\\SinclarEix\o( Orkney ^ his Governour, towards Frame -^ but ftops
at Vlamburg^ by reafon of the wind,or his own ficknefs , where he is detained
hythcEngUp), and fent up to the King, who retains him as a prifoner,againft
the Law of Nations, and Articles of Peace, .made htjily for eight years.
The king of England having received Letters from the Scots King, (hew-
ing the caufes of his Ions going to France^ and withall dcfiring he may not be "
detained in England^ defires to be advifed by his Councel , what he (hould
do in this cafe •, fome were of opinion, that feeing this Prince was fent away
5 '^ to fecure him from danger, and that there was now a p^ace with Scotland , the
Scots Prince (hould be fet free , and hofpitably ufed •, and that there was no
policy at that time to exafperate theScots : but others affirmed,that his dcten-
lion was juft, becaufe the Scots had aided Piercy againft the king, and that old
Fjercy being a traitour, is maintained and (beltred by the Scots king. This o- '
pinion
55<5 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
Jn.Chriflf pinion prevailed •, Prince ^ames is retained^ and care taken for his education.
\_^"V~^ But when news' came of his captivity to king Robert his hihcv^ being then at
Supper, he fell fuddenly fo ill, that they could fcarce keep life in him •, fo grie-
ved he was, that within three days he died, the id year of his Reign. The
14.06 Government of the kngdom is committed to his brother Robert. In the five
following years, divers incurfions of Englijh and ^cots upon each other were
made, and d ivers places taken and re-taken. The battaii oi HarUrvzmong
the Scots thcmfelves, was memorable. Donald Lord of the Iflcs, laid claim to
tiie Country of Rofs^ as being next heir,and which the .Governor wrongfully-
detained from him •, therefore having raifed ten thoufand men in the Ifles, en- jq
ters Rofs , where none made rcfiftance , all acknowledging him for their
Lord. Having had fuch good fucccfs here, he attempts Morraj land, which
alfo fubmittcd to him •, then having plundrcd Bogie^ he threatens Aberdert-^ the
Governour againft this fudden and unlocked for enemy, prepares an Army,buc
before he could be ready, the Earl of I>larre,Wvl\ raofl of the Gentry of thofc
parts, encounters him near the Village HarUrv •, a bloudy battaii is fought,
''^'^ which continued till the night parted them: fo great was the lofTe on both
fides, thatneitherparty bragof the Vidory, More Gentry were loft in this
inteftin quarrel, then before at any time againft a Forain Enemy. About this
time the Qniverfity of Saint Andrews was ercftcd. . ao
For ten years after this, no memorable adion is recorded between the two
kingdoms -, cither becaufe of the Truce , and the Englifh imployments in
France, under Henrj the fifth, or clfe becaufe the Governour of Scotland durft
not ftir, fearing left the king of England fhould fend home the right heir to
the kingdom Some inroads the Borderers made now and then upon each o-
ther, but not by publick Authority .• T\\tT)olfhm oi France being difinhcri-
tedbyhis crazy-headed father, fends to Scotland iot aid , according to the
old League. A Parliament is lummoncd, and feven thoufand Voluntaries un-
der ^ohn Earl of Buchan are fent, who got the French a memorable vidlory
againft the £;ji^///^ , for v^hich, he is madc.High Conftable o( Vrance , the JO
higheft office next to the King. ^ Mean while, Robert Protedor of Scotland
dicth, fifteen years after the death of king Robert the third. In his place is
fet up his fon Mordacus^ a man unfit for Government 5 which called the Earl
'4*0 of Buchan home from France^ who fhortly after was invited again by the I>ol-
fhin into France, whither he hafteneth, with five thoufand Scots, and lands
at Rotchel. King Hcwry of England carieth over with him into i'rance^ young
King ^ames of Scotland^ purpofely by his means to alienate the Scots from
the French^ which he could not do -, for v\ hen the Srof j J<ring did prefs them
to forfake the French^ and joyn with their iiTing •, they anfwered , that their
King being now under another jurifdidion, had no power over them : where- 40
fore King H^wry having found in Meldin which he took, twenty ScotSy he cau-
fcd them to be hanged , pretending they fought againft their King. Two
years after, the Englijh having got a vidfory at Vernol^ Earl Buchan^ with o-
ther Lords, and two thoufand Scots befides , were there flain. And three
years after this, the Scots had another overthrow , as they were conveying
provifions to Orleans. Scotland in the interim, is untowardly governed by
{jiiordacHSy and his tRrec unruly fons, who fleighted their old father. W4/-
• ter the eldcft, being in love with one of his fathers Falcons, begged him, but
having received a denial, in anger wrung ofT his neck-, to whom the old man
thusfpake : Son, U'aith he j becaufe thou \^\\t not obey me, 1 will fend for 50
one whom both thou and I (haU obey. Wherefore he refolves to fend for
his Coufin German A'ing ^ames.
A Parliament is called at Rerth, where it is unanimoufly concluded , that
jhe King muft be fent for, all men being weary of the prefent Government.
Ambafladors are difpatchcd into England^ the Duke of Glowefter being then
Pro-
Chap. 25. Hifiorj of the World, 527
i
tcdor of the young •K'ing, calls a Parliament ; in which it was refolved the An. chnlii
Scots King (hould be fent home, and to indcar him the more to England, the ^-"^^v-^^
Duke of S<?w«/)// daughter is given to him in mariagc-, her portion fliould
be retained for half of the Kings Ranfom, for paiment of the other half,
fomc Hoftages (hould be left : So ^ames returns home the eighteenth year of j^j 5
his Captivity, to the great joy of the people, who complained of their grie-
vances (uffcred by Moraaos three. fons, and others, who to fotisfie the people,
were fent to prifon till the next Parliament
The King and Queen arc Crowned about the twentieth of i^pril^ Mor-
10 Aac fet the King in his Throne, a ceremony belonging to the Earls of Fife. A
Parliament is held, and fome good luvsenadlcd for fuppreffing of high-way
men, who were become very bold and numerous, according to the loofenefs
of the former times. Subfidies arc alfo granted, for paiment of the moity
of the Kings Ranfom, whichbecaufcitwasunpleafing to the people, fome
part tliereof was remitted by the King. In this Parliament , Mordaau Duke
of Alb any, with his two fons, Walter and Alexander.^ and divers others, are
apprehended, and fent to ftveral prifons • the Dukes Caftlcs are feized on for
the King, ^ames the Dukes youngeft Ton, feeing the mine of his Fathers
Family, in revenge, raifeth fomc Forces, and burns Dm-Britton -, then having
30 murthcrcd the Kings Uncle, with thirty more, flies into Ireland.^ where ftiorc-
ly after he died. Divers prime pcrfons alfo fled with him. Shortly after, a
Parliament is held at Sterling , where CMordac with his two fons , and his
wives father, are arraigned of High Treafon, and beheaded. Not long af-
ter this, AmbafTadors come from France.^ to renue the old League, and to
make a match between Charles the fevenths fon, and King ^amcs his daugh-?
ter, being as yet children.
The next year after, the King makes a Prog reflc into the Northern parts, 142^
for fupprclfing fome turbulent fpirics there. Divers of the fadlious Ring-lea-
ders arc apprehended, and put to death, t^lexander Lord of the Ifles, upon
50 intreaty of friends, is pardoned, and conditionally that he will be quiet, and
fubjcct to the Laws, is fent home •. But he was fo ftr from acknowledging the
Kings favour, thathethoughthimfelf highly wronged for being imprifoncd
fo long. Therefore he railcth fomc Forces, and fuddenly falls upon Inner-
vejfe, which he firfl: plunders, then fets on fire. He bcfiegcd the Caftle, but
could not take it •, therefore lifeth, upon the report of an Army fent by the
King againft him. He was now ten thoufuid ftrong, but two of the Clans .^to
wit, Chatan^miChAfneron^ upon the news of the Kings Forces coming, for-
fook him. Hereupon, miftrufling the fidelity of the refl:, disbands his Forces
and flies into the I flands, and thence intends for Ireland-^ but finding no fe-
40curity, except in the Kings wonted clemency, procures fome potent friends
to make his peace with him , to which the King would not hearken , till he
come himfelf ^ therefore he comes privately to Edinburgh.^ and in a white fheet
upon£/i/?^r day, cafts himfclf at the Kings feet, and fubmits to his mercy;
the Queen and Lords then prefent intercede for him : he is commanded to
flay till Divine Service was ended. Meanv/hile the King thinking it fit to
yeild fomewhat to the Queens rcqueft, and yet not fafe to fend home fo potent
and fadious a man, without fome punifhmcnt, he fends him to Tentallon Ca-
ftle, and his pragmatical mother to the Iflc Aetnona: the CUn-Catms , and
CUn-Chamerons.^ deftroyed each other by their fewds. In the Ifles, Donalci
50 Sttloc, to revenge his Coufin Alexanders wrongs, makes new ftirs. Againft
him the Earls of Mar and Cathnejfe., raife fome Forces, whom Donald Caddcnly
overthrew. Alan Earl of C/if/;»e/},was killed : Alexander of Mar., fled with a
few. Z><?A»4W upon this good fuccefs, goeth with fire and fword, through all
\^hria, or Lochabor ^ but hearing the Kings Army was coming, haftnech to
the Ifles, with rich booty ; the chief of thcfc Clam repair to the King , to
Rrr " cleat
538 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
^w.C^r//?^ clear their innoccncy, but he will admit of no purgation, till they bring to
^-''~V~N^ puniibmcnt , the Ring-leaders of the'fc Rebels. Upon this, they go home,
v\ here they apprehend many of them, whom they put to death, and three
hundred they fent in chains to the King, whom he commanded to be hanged-,
Do»4/ihimfelf could not be found. There were fome other of thtfe C/.i;?i left,
who by their private quarrels, dcftroyed each other. CMack Dondd , a nota-
ble Rebel, for lliooing a widow, whom he had robbed, with horfe flwos, was
fo fliooed himfelf, and caricd about the ftreets in that manner, with twelve of
his companions, and then hanged upon Gallov^ s near the high-way. Mac/j
Donald the Iflander, hid himfelf in Ireland •, where his head was cur, off, and ro
fent to the King for a prefent : and fo the kingdom was pretty well quie-
ted.
140 After this, the King fends divers wife and fincerc men about the kingdome,
to hear complaints , and to look to weights and mcafures. At this time he
had two Twins born to him, which occafioncd much joy, and the inlargcment
of Dugloi and Kennedy out of prifon, who had been fent thither for fpeaking
too laviflily againft the prefent Government. He advanceth learning , and
fends for fome skilful in all forts of Manufa(Slurc out of Flanders. He had a
mind alfo to reform the abufes of the Clergy, but durft not adventure , bc-
caule of their power and exempt jurifdidion : Yet he was blamed for the lux- 20
uvv and exccfs of his Courtiers, in diet, and apparel , though he himfelf was
very moderate, both in the one and the other. He was diflikcd alfo for pcnu-
rioufnefs, having a greater Revenue then his brother , by the addition of the
Earls of J»/4rr and £«f^4»j patrimonies, who were dead. Whereas his Un*
clc Robert^ and this Jfe^^m fon, his Coufin German Mordactn, thelaft Go*
vernours of Scotland, had been very bountiful to the peoplc,whofe inheritance
alfo fell to the King, againft whom the Gentry grumbled 5 alfo for keeping
all the Wardlhips in his own hand , which ought to be given as Rewards to
well defcrving men. The King excufcd his parcimony,by (hewin< how poor
his Revenues were by the profufcnefs of the former Governours and Kingsj 30
and that he was forced to raife Taxes for defraying of publick charges. Mean
while an Ambaflador comes from France to bring away Margaret , who had
been betrothed to Lewis, Charles the fevcnths fon. This Ambaflic is croflcd
by another out of England^ defiring an union of the two kingdoms, which
is more natural, xhtnW\t\\ France^ thatneitherfpcaks the fame language, nor
is con ^'ned within the fame Ifland. This union was then carneftly dcfircd,
becaufe Burgundy was fallen off from England^ and France was beginning to
grow too ftrong. Barmck,Ro[sburg^zndiXhtoi^tx places, now controverted,
are promifed to the 5f o/j , if they will afTent to an oifenfive and defcnfive
'LtdLguzWyth England. The matter is referred to a Parliament, wherein 1140
was conceived , that Englands aim was to make the Scots forfake their old
friends, to the end they fhould be wholly fubjed to the Englijh. Therefore
they refolve to be conftant to their old League. This being denycd , the
Ambaflador threatneth war againft Scotland^ {hewing there was already x
Fleet prepared to intercept the Lady and her company. Notwithftanding
thefe threats , the King fends away his daughter, who efcaped the Englijh
Fleet, becaufe that was ingaged in purfuit of fome Holland Vcflcls, laden with
wine from Eotchel, which they took for Prize, ( England and Sttrgmdy be-
ing now enemies^ but this Prize was re-taken by the Spaniard. The Scots
fhips arrive fafely at Rotchel^ from whence the young Lady is conveyed by $0
the i^'rewy^ Nobility, loTuron, v\hercflicis maried , to the content of both
Nations.
The King of England had now twice provoked the Scots to make war^ once
by labouring to intercept the Scottijh Lady ^ and then by fending Piercy with
four thoufand men to plunder the borders of Scotland^ who was met by Dug-
Idf
C hap .25. Hifiory of the IVorld. 539
/rfiEarl of i^ngus, between whom was a hot Skirmifti, and many VXWcAon An. Chri fit
both (ides, fome fay about aor, of the Ew^/z/fewcic taken 150c. K.^ames ,y^-\r"v4
raifeth a great Army, and befiegcth Roxburg •, but when he was in hope of a
furrcndcr,thc Q. comes port to him, & in a great fright alTures him, that a plot
was intended againft him, fuddenly to take away his Ufc .• Upon this , he ri-
fcth from the ficge, and disbands the Army, for which he was much blamed,
in that he would be fo uxorious, as at his wives report to difmifle an Army
raifcd with fo much trouble and charge. The King in his return, retires him-
fclf into the Bomirticans Covent at Perth , to try what he could learn there
jQ of this plot. Mean while the Traitors ("the chief of which was VFdter of
Athol^ the A'ings uncle) haften to bring the Treafon to maturity. One of
the Kings own fervants makes way for the Traitors entrance into the A'ings
Chamber in the night, who prefently aflault him i the Queen by intcrpofing
her felf to keep off the fwords, received two wounds •, but being forcibly ca-
riedaway, and the King left to himfelf, he is murthercd , having received 1437
twenty eight wounds. The fad news of the Kings death being fpread a-
broacf , inquiry is made every where for the Traitors, who were all found out,
and in Icflc then forty days juflly executed. Walter Earl of Athol^ had his
limbs disjointed the firft day, by the Strapado ; then he was fet upon a Pil-
lar, and there Crowned with a burning Crown of Iron, to accomplifh what
20 the Witches had told him, to wit,that nc fhould be crowned in a great Aflem-
bly of people ; the next day he is dragged by a horfc through the ftrects of E-
tUnhurgh upon an Hurdle. The third day his bowels are taken out,and burned",
he being yet alive 5 his heart is pulled out, and his head cut off, and advan-
ced upon a Pole. At laft, his body is quartred, and fet up in four fevcral pla-
ces : Some others of the fame wicked crew, are tortured to death, with hot
pincers 5 and others with other punifhments. This King reigned thirteen
years, and lived forty four : he was'tH»l?icd in the Charter Houft of Perthi
which he founded. ;•■■..- .;;'v-:if.-
To.^Ams the I. fuccecdcd ^ames tlic -2^ and yOungeft of the Twins, for
^c> Alexander the othet died. This K'mgisCwv/ncda.t Holy Roods in Edinburgh.
During his minority, Alexander Levifton is made Prote(itor or Regent. Arch-
bald Esid o( Duglas^ being angry that this honour was not conferred on him,
fuffers, or rather cncouragcth the Ananders under his jurifdidion , to fpoil and
plunder the Country. Complaints are made againft him, which he fleighted,
commanding his people not to obey the Kings Ediifts, alledging he had Re-
gal power himfelf. Befidcs there were private quarrels between the Regent and
Chancelor, ctofling each others power, to the great difturbance of the peo-
ple ; which at laft broke out into publick hatred, to pillaging, and burning of
Houfes and Villages . The Q. being much troubled at this diftemper, and wil-
4 c ling to get her young fon out of the Chancelors cuftody, who kept him with
himfelf in VJmburgh Caftle, cunningly infinuates her felf fo much into his
good opinion,as that fhe got leave to lie in the fame Caftle with her fon,whom
at length ftie conveyed away in her Trunk, where (he kept her Linen, to Lieth,
and from thence in a ftiip to 5/er//»,wherc the Recent refides. Thither the chief
ofhis party came to fee the King,and to confult, now the Kingdom fhould be
freed from the Chancelors tyranny , who had abufed his truft, wronged the
King, oppreffed the people, and filled his own Coffers with the wealth of the
kingdom. There the Queens wifdom and care is highly commended-, and its
Q agreed, that an Army be raifed , and Edinburgh Caftle befieged, before the
Chancelour know any thing. Prefently the Regents Fadlionarm themfelvcs
and beleaguer the Caftle. The Chancelor knowing his own danger, fends to
I>uglas for aid, affuring him that the Regent aimed at the ruine of them both .
Duglas who hated them both equally, anfwers him that both the Chancelour
and Regent were perfidious, and aimed at nothing but their own private good,
Rrr » and
^Ao 77:?g Second Tart of the Book .VI .
Aff Chrifii ^"'^ thaitberefovc the Kingdom ftould'bc happy if they were both dead.Up-
^,y\r<l, on this anfvver, the Regent and Chancelour make Truce for two days, and
came to a parly, in which they made known to each other, how dangerous it
would be for them to jar, feeing DugUs defired the ruine of them both , aim-
ing at the fole rule ofthe kingdom, which he would eafily obtain, if either he
could ruine one or both of them. Thus they two agreed : The Chancelour
delivers the keys of the Caftle to the King, where he fupped that night, and
the next day confirms the one in his Chancelorihip, the other in his Regency.
But not long after, Duglas their mortal enemy died, whofe {on being fourteen
years of age, by reafon of his great wealth and power, and pum up alfo lo
with flatterers, took more ftate on hmi, then became a fubjed. His Court
outvied the Kings j his Guard confifted of two thoufand horfe, he madd
/rnights-,and CounceHors, and Officers of his State ^ then he fends AmbalTa-
dors to the French King, mentioning the merits of his Progenitors to the
Crown pf France^ and fo he obtains the Title of Duke of Turon^ or Tours.
^ Which honour his Grand -father received from Charts j. and his father till
that time enjoyed it. So formidable was the power of Duglas, that the Re-
gent and Chancelour committed the Qjicen and her husband ^at»es Stnart oi
Lorn to prifon, upon fufpiiion that they complyed with him. Nor were they
fetfree, till they had cleared themfeWcs, and promifed not to meddle with 29
publick bufinefs, widiout the Regents knowledge.
Wliilft the kingdom was thus diftraftcd, the Iflandcrs land with great For-
ces upon the main land,and with fire and fword,fpoil all before them , fparing
neither fex nor age. To thefe miferies were added a great famin and peftilence;
the caufe of all thefe calamities is afcribcd to the Regents tyrannical govern-
ment, who flcighting the Chancelor,ruled all by himfelf. But the Chancelour
feeing how di{content the people were with the Viceroy, feizeth himfelf of E-
, dinburgh Caftle, and then watched an opportunity, to get the King out of the
Regents cuftody. One day the King was hunting in the Woods near Sterlirf^
with a fmal company, the Regent alfo then was out of the way 5 the Chan- 3©
celor with fome Troops of horfe lighting on the King, defires him not to fear,
they Were come to take him away from nis Imperious Tutor,and to fet him at
' liberty-, therefore (faith the Chancelour) play the King, and ftrive now to
rule both your felf, and your people, whofe difcafe is fuch as cannot be cured
but by your own immediat hand. With this, he leads the Kings Horfe by
the bridle, to a place not far off, where four thoufand horfe were ready to
convey him to Edinburgh, where he is received with great acclamation. The
Viceroy being much perplexed,that he was thus overreached by the Chan-
celor, and not knowing whom to truft , refolves to caft himfelf upon the . ^
Chancelour : therefore with fome of his retinue rides to Edinburgh , and
by the interceflion of the Biftiops of Aberden and CMurrej, procured the
Chancelour to give him a meeting in the church of Saint Aegidius -^vthstt
having met, the Viceroy defires there might be no difference between them,
feeing they both aimed at the fame thing , which was the good of the
King, and Kingdom , though in the manner there might be fome diverfi-
ties.
He wiflieth him to confider hovv many enemies they had , how glad they
would be (faith he} of our jars, how happy might both we and the Kingdom
be, if we accord, which if we doe, we Ihall fecure our felves, difappoint
our enemies, advance the Kings, and Kingdoms good ; therefore if by either
of us, any thing hath been done amifs, let it be forgot and forgiven , for the 5®
publick goods fake ; he having faid and confefTed his error in carying away the
yon^-R.(whofe tuition was by his father committed to the Chancelor alone,&
w'** he had found to be no honor but a burthen to him)& the Chancelor being
glad of this friendly overture,lays hold on it,& fo they arc rccociled,& rcfolvc
Cv9
Chap. 25- Hijlory of the World, 5^1.1
to concur equally in government of the kingdom. Then 2 Parliament is cal- An. ckrifli «' k
led, in which many grievances and complaints arc cxhibitcdi by thofc who '-^'''Vn^ *^
had fuffered m the late diftradtions. The Regent told them that T)ttglAs might
quickly remedy theft evils, if he would comply ^Vith the Parliament , which
can do but little good in fettling of affairs , fo long as fo potent a man flood
out againft them. Upon this, an Order is made to invite him to the Parlia-
ment" that he with the relh might a(5l for the publick good ; that he would
not degenerate from his noble Progenitors, who had been alway faithful Pa-
triots j that if he plcafe to come , he fliall have what fliare in the Government
r6 hcwilldefirc.
Upon this invitation, and perfwafion of friends , and defire alfo of more
power, he comes. The Chancelour met him divers miles from the City, and
entenains him for two days together at his houfe, called Crichtdn Caftlc;
where he defires him to acknowledge the iTings power and govcrnment,and x.6
fubmit thereto j that he would put away from him all lewd perfons, and not
protevi high- way men, nor opprcfs the Kings fubjeds. What hath been by
him hitherto a(^cd, fhall be imputed to bis ill Counccllors,and his own inex-
perience and youth. By thcfe fair words, he was allured to go, who alfo had
brought with him his brother David : But fomc of his wifeft friends fufpcftcd
20 treachery, and therefore wiflicd him to return, oratleafl: to fend back his
brother, thatihe whole Family might not periih together. But thefe men
were quickly filenced by the Cnancelor 5 and the two young Gentlemen went
in cheai'fiilly, fufpe<fting no hurt. As foon as Duglas was cntred ¥Ji»h»rgh
Caftle, the Vice-Roy meets him, and makes much of him, caufing him to
fit down at the Kings own Tabl«. About the midfl of Dinner, fomc of the
A'ings Guard in Arms, brings into the room a Bulls head in a Di{h» which
they fct doWn before him. In thofe times, this was a fign of death to thofc
that were to lofc their heads. The young Gallant being aflrighted at this
fight, began to withdraw from the Table 5 buthewasprefcntly laid hold on
;c and cariedoutinto the Caflle Court, where he for his intemperate youthful
ncfs, is beheaded, with his brother. When the King heard of this executi-
on, he wept, but was checkt for it by the Regent, {hewing, that in the death
of Duglas^ confiftcd the Kings fecurity and liappincfs. DuglM dying with^
out ilfue, the Earldom being intailcd, fell to ^ameSy nick-named Crafpu , or
Grcjfe . and his other Patrimonies , which were very great , to [his fiftcr
Beatrix.
Grojfe died within two years after, and his eldeft fon WitUitm fuc.cccclcd,whC) *^^^
maried with his Uncles daughter , heir of many Countries 5 which brought
much envy on him, both becaufe of the great power and wealth was fallen
4c to him, and Hkewife the propinquity of bloud between him and his wife 5 of
thefe things He being confcious, refolved to procure the /Tings favour upon a-
ny tearms, who now was of years, and had undertaken the Government of
the kingdom ; therefore he licftowcs large gifts on fomc Courtiers, to fpeak
for him 5 and withall comes in pcrfon to the King , acknowledgeth his for-
mer errors, and promifcth for tnc future to be loyal to his Majefty. Upon
this the King receives him into favour, and imparts his councels co him i out
the Vice-Roy and Chancelour fearing left this infinuating of Duglas into the
Xings favour, aimed at both their ruines \ rcfigned up their plices, ted took
leave of the Court. The one retired himfelf to his own Country Manfion 5
5 c the other to Ei^»/'«y^^ Caftle : and as they feared, fo it fell out; forD»^/'»"
fo infiniiated himfelf into the Kings affe(5tion, that he intending to be revenged
on them for the death of his two Coufin Germans, perfwades the King ta
call the Regent and Chancelour to an account of their Government j hoping
by thefe means to opprefs them if they came, or to have their cftates confif-
cate, if they came not. Upon this they arc fumcaoncd, but caipe not, ex-
R r r ^ cufing
^Az TheSecondTartofthe BookVi.
y^;!;.C/&r;7?; cufing their abfcnce, not tor any crime they were guilty ^^"^ ^"^ bccaufcthey
^^.-''"V^N^ had too many enemies at Court, towhofeccnfurctheyfhouldbelothcofub-
mit-, therefore they would icfervethcmfelvcs for better times.
Upon this anfwcr, Duglas got a Parliament to be called at Sterling , in
whicn the Regent and Chancelour are proclaimed publick enemies to the
State, and their eftates confifcate. To this purpofe, Forces are fent to demo-
lifh the CalHes, ortoncwGarifonthem-, which was done accordmgiy-: the
Chancclor in requital, raifcth fome Troops, and commits great fpoil in the
enemies Country , being aided by Kennedy ,, Arch-Bifliop of S. AndrevDS,
George Earl oiAngde^ and ^ohn Earl of Morton. Upon thcfe Duglas wracks i©
his anger, one quarrel t>egets another •, fo divers Forces are raifedbv thefc
parties, and di'C'ers Skirmtfhcs there were, not without much fliedding of
bloud. Mean while the Chancelour Cw^?o» , is beleaguered in YJinbnrgh
Caftle by Duglas. At length, after nine months fiege , Crkhton is pardoned
for all offences of his againft the i^ing , and is permitted to march away
with his Forces i fo the Caftle is furrendrcd. Not long after, Crichton's
attain made Chancelour, but he left tlic Court, and all publick imploimercs:
every one knew chat Duglas was the caufe of all thcfe civil broils ^ yet fo great
was his power v> itb the King, that no man durft accufe him : fome great oiics
hecaufcd tobeputtodeath, fome to be baniflied. Having done wh.»t he 2®
could againft Crichton, he tries what he can do againft Lev//?o» the Regent,
whom he caufeth with his fon ^ames^ and divers others, to be fummoned to
the Parliament at 'Edwburgh^ where they are accufed of high crimes. The
Regent, and the two Dundaffes^ are fent to prifon in Dunharton Caftle, the reft
are beheaded, '^ames the Regcpts fon , on the Scaffold, complained much
againft the inconftancyof Fortune, and vanity of worldly Honours ; fticw-
ing, that notwithftanding his Father had been Vice-Roy of 5fo^/4«</, and
had done fo much j.'Ood fervicc for the King and kingdom.c, yet all is forgot,
the Kings pardon fleighted, the intrcaties of the Nobility for his life rejeded 5
therefore wilheth all men to beware of publick imployment':,and honours, be- 3®
ing the deceitful fmiles of flattering fortune : and having fo faid , laid down
his neck on the block, to the great grief of the Spcdators.
In the midft of thcfe Civil broils, Crichton the Chancelour is fent Ambaf-
fador 'mx.0 France., to rcnue the old League, and to get a wife for the King.
About this time C4«zfro«, Arch- Bifliop of C7/<»j^<?B'3 for his cruekies and op-
preflionof his tenants, was called upon by a ftrange voice to appear before
Chrifts Tribunal ^ being then afleep , he awaketh in. fear, and calls up his
fcrvants, who fate down by him : He calls for a Book, and as he was begin-
ning to read, the voice fummons him again, to the amazement of his ier-
vants •, but when the voice called the third time , he gave a hideous groan, 4®
thruft out his tongue and died. And now the Truce with England is expired :
whereupon incurfions are made into each others Territories, fire, and fword,
racking on both fides ^ fo that the Councry for many miles is laid wafte.-
therefore a new Truce for feven years is concluded-, before the expiration of
which, the Borderers begin to fpoil and rob each other. Complaints being
made onbothiides, Armies are railed 5 a battail is fought, in which the
Scots had the better •, three thoufand of the EngUp being flain , and of the
Scots fix hundred only -, many were taken prifoners, and much booty is caned
into £dtnburgh. Thisbattailvvasfought at a place called Sm'c. Upon the
news of this overthrow at London^ a new Army is appointed to be fent a- 5®
gainft the Scots, tor re-gaining of what was loft .- but this Expedition was
hindredby the inteftin commotions in £«g-/W^ therefore AmbafTadors are
14.48 fent to 5cci/W, with Propofitions of Peace: upon which, when they could
not agree, a Truce is made for tliree years-, and prefently after a MelTenger is
fent from the Chancelour out of jF/W<?/-/, about the manage of the Duke
of
Ghap .25. Hijlory of the World. czj. ^
of adders daughter, fiftcr to the Duke of Burgundy^ with King ^.imcs. She An.Chnfii
the next year is conveyed into Sr(>//4W, with a great company of Lords and '<^^'~>-j
Earls, and is Crowned at Holy Roods.
After this. Earl Dw^Aw undertakes a journy for /fow^, bcinc; tlie yearof
Jubilee, accompanied with many Lords and Gentlemen ^ who in his abfcnce
is complained of by his enemies to the King, who durft not m his prcfence^
whifper againft him. He is accufed of divers opprcfTions. The Kinj; was
not w iUing to hear any complaints againft him, being abfcnt •, yet to ftop the
clamours ofthe people, he fends to the Earls Prodor, to appear, and to
10 take notice of the crimes objected againft his Lord. He refufeth to come,
wherefore he is imprifoned for contempt-, but atlaft he fiibmits, and comes
into the Court, who Petitioned, that the Trial be put off, till the Earl come
himfelf. But a fentencc paft for fadsfa«Sion of his debts. To this pnrpofe.
Commiffioners arc appointed to take up his Revenues, who were flcighted
by the Earls Tenants and Vaflals-, therefore the King fends an Army into
Galloivay to force them. The Earl hearing of thcfe paflliges at Rome , was
much perplexed ^ he was al{b forfaken by divers of his followers : fo that he
returns home with thin Attendants.
Before he came to the King , he premifcs his brother ^ames to found out
JO how he was affcded towards him 5 and finding he flood right in the Kings opi-
nion, returns home ; and upon promife that he would fupprefl'c the Jmanders,
who were notable Robbers, he is fo highly advanced in the Kings favour, that
he confers on him the Title of Vice-Roy o( Scotland-^ which afterward he
forfeited,by having fecretcorrefpondency with the King oiEngUnd. Crichton
the Chancelor was again advancedjV'vhich fo .arjgcrd DugUs^ that he fet fome
of his followers in the high-way one night, as he was going home from Edin-
hurgh^o niurther him • but being a ftout man, heefcaped, by killing one, and
wounding another, but he was wounded alfo himfelf. Shortly after, being re-
covcred,he returns unexpectedly to Edinburgh^Wixh. a great Train of his fiiends
^o and fervants, and had almoft furprifed Duglas^ who having efcaped the dan-
ger, to make his party the ftronger, enters into league with the two richeft
Earls of that time •, to wit, of Ro(fe^ and Craford. So that now he began to
fleight the King •, for one Sir ^ohn Harris of Galloway complaining to T>uglas
of the wrongs he had fuffered by the Ananders , his Vaftiils, and finding no
redrcfte^ falls himfelf upon them with fome Forces, which he had rai{ed,ho-
ping to recover his loffes. But he with his Tram was furprifed by the Earls
forces, and hanged, not withftanding the King by his Letters intreated his
pardon. This made people give out, that Duglas aimed to be King him-
felf; for when the King had interceded again for a chief man of the Maclel-
fpUtts^ whom T>ugUs kept in prifon for killing one of his name, he flcighted
the /Tings requcft,& executed the Gentleman. The King being ftirred up by the
clamors ofthe people againft D*(^/4j,fends for him,who bccaufe of his guilty
mind, rcfufeth to come, knowing that he had many enemies at Court. Yet
atlaft, upon the publick faith, confirmed by hand andfeal? he adventures
to come to Sterlin with a great Train , where he is kindly ufed by the King,
who after Supper, calls him afide, and reproves him for his ingratitude, and
infolcncies ; yet promifeth to pardon all by-paft offences, if he will break off
the league with Roffe and Craford, which could not confift with the Kings
fafety or honour. At this the Earl began tobogde, and ufe tergiverfation,
50 ftying,he would ad*fe with his friends, and that the King needed not to be fo
* hafty orpreffing. Atthi hcwasfoincenfed, that he told the Earl plainly,
if you will not (faith he) break off this confederacy, I will, and with that
ftabs him in the brcaft with his dagger. The Courtiers hearing a noife, pre-
fently brake into the room, each one giving the Earl a wound. Upon there-
port of this flaughter, a great tumult m the Town israiiedby the Earls four 1451
bro-
^44- Tfeg Second Tart of the Book. VI .
An.Chrip ^^othcr?., and his faction-, bucthc tumult was atUftappcafcd. The Earl-
^-^'"v^^ domkWs to ^ames the next brother, who fpcaking bitterly againftthe per-
fidioufrtelTc of the A'ine and his Court , dcfircs his brothers , friends, and
folloWeis, to befiegc the Caftlc •, but they wanted ftrengih enough for that
enterprife, therefore tlicy take the Kings Patent containing the Publick Faith,
and ties it to a horfc tail, dragging it up and down the ftreets, and ufing all
opprobrious fpeeches againft the King and his Court. Then in the Market
place die King and his adherents are denounced Perjurers , Truce-breakers,
f and enemies to all good men, by the found of five hundred horns : at laft
they plunder the Town, and fire it. i q
Within few days this inraged multitude falls to fpoiling of all the Kings
lands and tenants •, they befiegc alfo Dalketh Caftle, but could not take it. In
the interim the King raifeth an Army, but bccaufe the Duglafsiam were too
ftrong for him, he refolves to forbear action, till Alexander Cordon come with
his Northern Forces-, the Earl of Crrf/or^^ to keep thefe from joining with the
Kings Southern Forces, encounters with Gurdo» at Brechin in Angufe. A fierce
Battail is fought, in which the Crafordians arc defeated , many prime men
on both fides were killed, Cordon here lofl: both his brothers , and was for-
ced to return home with his victorious Army, to fupprefs the Earl of Murry^
who was raging with fire and fword in Buntlies Country of Bogy ^ but the 2®
Cordons beat him not only thence, but alfo out of his own Country oiMurry.
Mean while a Parliament is called at Edinburgh^ to which Earl Duglas and the
Lords that followed him, arc fummoned to appear , who refufc to come.
The Earl alfo caufed a paper to be faftncd the next night on the Church door,
wherein he renounceth all Allegiance to the A'ing, faying, that he will never
trufthim, who murthered his Coufins at £^/»^«rg-^, and his brother at 5rfr*
lin , being allured thither upon the publick faith 5 for this contumacy, this
Earl ^ames, with his brothers, and Beatrix^ his dcceafcd brothers wife, with
the Earl of Crawford, are proclaimed Rebels. An Army is raifedto purfuc
them 5 their houfes are phmdrcd, fields wailed, barns fired, and their cartel 50
driven away. Earl 5^4»;w in the mean time to keep the wealth once gotten,
ft ill in his Family, marieth with Beatrix^ his defund brothers wife, and deals
with the Pope for a difpenfation, which the Kino by his Letters hindred. The
three enfuing years are fpcnt in deftroying each other witli fire and fword-,wher-
upon followed the famine and peftilence. Some of the Earls wifeft friends,
ad vife him to fubmit to the King, rather then (land out to the ruinc of himfclf,
family, and friends ; but he is refolved never to truft thofe that had murthcrcd
againft their faith, hisCoufins^ and brother; Earl Cr4/flr^ beint;; weary of
the wars, and of the injuftice of the caufe, refolves in time to fubmit to the
Kings mercy; therefore one day bare-footed, and bare-headed, he comes ^"^
and cafts himfclf at the Kings feet , defiring pardon for what was paft, and
promifethhis fidelity and loyalty for the future. The King upon this fiib-
miflion, and perfwafion withallof Arch-Bifbopir«;f?^;y, his wife Counce-
lourj confidering alfo that Crrf/criafy falling off from Duglas^ would v/cakcn
that party ,receivcs him into his favor, which Crdfordcvcx after retained dll his
dying day. Duglas perceiving his Forces to grow weaker daily , had little
hope left him now , but in the King of England^ from whom he cxpc<fted
help •, therefore fends Hammilton to London^ who receives this anfwcr from
the King, that he would not make war upon Scotland, ex^pt the Earl will be-
come a fubjcA of England^ and truft the King with his perfon and eftatc : .
This hope failing him, and being weakned every fay by the jRTings Forces, i®
who plundred his Countries, and beat down hisCaftles^ he is refolved up-
on the advice oiHammilton^ to venture his Fortunes upon a battail. Ahrectr»
Cafllc was now bcficpcd by the i^Tings Army. The Earl raifeth all the ftrcngth
he could to relieve the Caftlc 5 but when he came within view of the K'mg%
Army
Chap . 2 ^ . Hifiory of the World. (54-T3
Army, he made a halt, and kept off his foldiers fo long from fighting, ArhChrtfti
that they grew weary with delays. And i\^mmilt$n one night revolted to '«-^''V~s-^
the King,who after he had imprifoned him a while,receives him to his fa-
vour. Others alfo following the example of Hamilten^ forfook Dnglas^
fo the Caftle at laft is taken by the King, and demolifhed. The Earl be-
ing forfaken by moft of his men, flyeth to England^ with a few of his
friends : but ihortly after, he got fome ntw Forces, and with them en-
ters ^«»4»,!/if/, but is beaten by the Kings party ^ he efcapes again with
his brother !fohn •-, Archbnld Earl of Murrey is flain , and Geerge is wound-
lo ed, and afterward beheaded. Then a Parliament it, held at Edinburgh^
in which the Z)«^/4||'«, ^ames and ^o/!>», with Beatrix, are profcribed. ^.^
Earl ^amcs having loft his brothers, forfaken by his Soldiers, flighted
by tlie Englifh^ betakeshimfelf at laftto Da/W^Lordofthelfles, and
Earl of Rofs, with whom he enters into a league -y they fall firft upon the
Kings lands next to them, then upon Argile, Arrart, Lrchaber and Murray,
which they wafte with fire and fword, they took the Caftle of ^memtfs
and fired the Toiv'n. Mean while the Englifti invade the 5«w tar filers,
and Carrie away great booties. Beatrix who had married two brptnets^
being checkc in confcieoce, fubmitsher felf to the Kings mercy, WVo p&i-
ao doned her : The like did the wife oi Donald •, and the like fav^Wfte ob*
tains. Fiercj and the banifhedDw^/4/} invade Marcia again,but are beat baek
with lofs by Geerge Deuglafs E.of i^ngufe-jDfnald being weary of ras witik-
cd courfes, fends an humble Petition to the King* by his friends, acknow-
ledging his faults , andpromifing all fidelitieandallegeance for the fu-
ture, prefuming his Majeftie would be no lefs gracious to him, then he
had been t^Cr4ii»/if</ and others: The King upon the importunity of his
friends, andthcneceffityalfothatlay onhim then, to fettle his diftra-
fted Kingdome, fends him a pardon 5 and fo all being quieted at home,
he prepares now to make war upon £«g-/4W. In the interim the confe-
50 derate Lords, namely the Duke of Ttir^jthc Earls of Salisbury and Warnvick,
with the reft, fend Ambaffadors to defire the Sects aid againft King fiefiry
their enemy, who had loft France^ oppreffed his Kingdome, and injured
the Scots, withall they promife reftitution of what had been lately taken
itom the Scots 'j this proffer is accepted by King 3p4wfi , who having rai-
fed an Array, and being now on his march, is met by an Englifti Importer
ivtio had lived long in /M/jf 5 hefeignes himfelf to be the Popes Legat,
fent from his holinefs, to forbid him to make war upon England, for the
Pope was refolved to make a general peace in Chriftendom j this being
believed , the King disbands his Army , not knowing that this Importer
40 was fent by King flewjf , till afterward , when he fawhewas deluded,
he affembleth again his Forces , and marebeth ftraight to Roxburg Town,
which he took and demoliftied ?, then he fits down before the Caftle,
where an Ambaffie from the Englifti Confederates aflures him, that their
King was defeated ^ and the war ended 5 therefore having thanked him
for his good will towards them , defires him to raife his fiege from RoX'
bmgj otherwife an Army will be fent againft him: To thefe the King
inAvers , that as hitherto he hath not made ufe of the Confederates fa-
vour, fo for the future he will not f^ar their power : He fet down before
a Caftle built on his own ground, from which he is not to be removed by
50 words, but by arms : Mean while Donald of the Ifles with frefti Forces
repairestothe King, proferring his fervice and fidelitie , which the King
accepted j the Earl of HuntUf alfo brings fome more fdpplies j the
King growing wearic of this long fiege , falls to ftorming of the Caftle
with great Ordnance , but whilft he was giving fire to one of the pieces
himfelf 5 rtanding too near was fuddenly rtruck dead 5 his death was a
while
(540" The Second Tart of the Book.VL
An.Chriftt while concealed, leaft the Soldiers fhould be dillieartned, the Qutt u cui-
"^-^^V^-' ling the Lords apart, defires them not to give off, nor be dejeQed for the
Kings death, fhe would bring another Ring ftortly in his room, fo they
fall furioufly on the Caftle 5 in the interim the Kings fon /d«»«, now 7,
years old, is brought into the Camp and filuted King ^ fliortly upon this
theCaftlcisfurrendred, the Garifon is permitted to depart with their
baggage : And that this Caftle may breed no more quarrel, it is levelled
to the ground. King/dw« died the 23 year ot hisReigne, and of his
1460 life the 25?.
10
CHAP. XXVi.
»^ n A r . AAV I.
7ht Enghfh Hiflorj under King Edward 4. Edward 5. and Richard 3. yr#i»
the year 146c, tilltbt^ear 1485;.
.Pen the overthrow of King Henr>f 6. Edward Duke of
'4^1 ''^^^^/KI/JL ^'"^'^ " pj^oclaimed King, and Crowned: He begins
^\ X^^/m^iPvk jjjj Reign with many good Afts . Repeals the laft
Kings Statutes , concerning Treafon , and puts the
Earl of Oxford with fome other of King Henries Coun- 20
cclloursjto death. His two brothers George and Ri"
r)&W are made Dukes 5 the one of C/drwc^, the other
ot GloHcefier ; divers other Lords alfo are created. The Duke of 5*-
merfet. Sir Ralph Perj, fubmit themfelves to the King, who pardons them;
but afterward they revolted. When the Queen had returned with new
Forces from /"r^wf, and in 5^«^/r»(/had raifed an Army to invade iV^r-
1462 thumberland ^ King Edward fends a Fleet into the Northern feas, and an
Army by land under the Lord Montacutej he follows after himfelf with
another. Montacme is incountred by the Lords Rofs^ and HungerforiyZnd
Piercy. The Lords fled, and F/f^cy was killed. Thefe being defeated,
C^fcntacute marcheth againft the King and Queens Army, who before^. 50
Edward came up with his Forces , difordered and routed the Queens
Army. 5(jwfr/r* with divers other great prifoners are taken, and execu.
ted. King Henry with many more fled into Scotland 5 an Aitoy is fent in-
to Northumberland, where divers Caftles were taken 5 in one of which,
was Sir Ralph Grey^ who was degraded by leaving off his fpurs, renting
his Coat of Arms , and breaking his fword over his head , and then
beheaded. Montacute for his good lervice, is made Earl of Northumber-
land ; the Earldom of Pembroke is given from Tuthar to the Lord Herbert'
But (hortly after, Northumberland upon Cuhtm^onj isreftored tohispoO*
feflions and honours j and Montacute was contented with the title of Mar- ._
qucflc. Then the Jfing rewards his Captains and Soldiers with the ene»
1463 mies lands • he new ftamps the Coin, paffeth a general pardon,and builds
many Caftles on the Sea Coaft, to keep off Pirats, and on the main land,
to fuppreff Theevcs and Rebels. Mean while King Henry difguifed, and
coming idfLondony is taken and imprifoned in the Tower. King Edward
being defired by his Counccl to mary, fends the Earl of PTdrjvic/t Am-
' baffador into Jr4»f«, to procure the Lady Jcwtf, daughter to £;»^ Duke
of Savoy, for his wife. In the interim, this young King being almoft out
the age of twenty four years, and impatient of long delays, falls in love jq
with the Lady Elizabeth, the Widow of S.^ebn Grry, who was flainin
the battel of S.^^lbons^ as he was fighting for King Henry, and at laft
mariethher; thenhemakesher Father the Lord Rivers, an Earl, and
High Conftable of £»^/W. Her fon,SirT/'«Wi« Gr^ji, is made Marquefs
'4^4 Dorfet'j this match was the occalion of much raifchi«f, as will appear.
The
Chap . 2 ^. Hiflory of the iVorld. (547)
1 he navs of this hafty mariaae highly difpleafcd the Earl of Warwick^ who An^chnftl
took this as an nffrcnt •, yet dillembles his anger, rcfolving to depofe the king, ^VVNj
when time fervcd. The King fearing the power of this Earl , indeavoured fc-
crctly to abridge him of his Authority. Warwick gets leave to go to his Caftle
forhis recreations fake, where he hatchethfomc plots againft the K. About
which time was born the Lady Eli\dbcth^ afterward the wife of K. Hemy 7. 14^5
and mother to K. Henrj 8. K. "Edward to make himfelf the ftrongcr againft
hewis the French K. wiio was offended with his mariage, taking it as a frump
on him and hisQ^fifler, makes peace with 5f(?^/4W for 15 years-, and to in-
10 gage the A'ings o'<iylrragon and Cafitlc^ he fent them as fome think,many fhcep
to the prejudice of this kingdom. This K. alfo marieth his fifter to Charles D.
of Burgundy^ as he had formerly maricd two of his fifters to the D. of Exe- 1465
ter^ and Suffolk. Warwick aiming to reftore K. Henry ^ got his two brothers, the
Arch-B. oiTork and Marq. of Montaait e^to join with him-, yet the Marq. was
ftiU a fecret friend to K. Edward. The D. o{ Clarence alfo being offended with
his brother the K. joins with the Earl of fr^ni'/V^,upon the Earls perfwafions,
who complained of the K. for fleighting his own kindred, and preferring the
kindred of his wife : the D. alio marieth with the Earls daughter, being then
at Calice; and a rebellion is made m Torkjhire by the Arch-biihop of Tork and
2 o Mont acute, caufing the country people to believe that the yearly alms of Corn
which they gave to the poor o(S. Leonards Hofpital,was converted by the Go-
vernor and Priefts thercof,to their ov n private benefit : Hence the Colle(5lors
of thcfe alms v^cre beaten by the Rufticks, with whom divers good people fi-
dcd : at length they fly to arms, more then 1 jcoo, who came and faced Tork^
but in the night Montacute fallied out upon thefc Rebels,killed many,and ftruck
off their Capt. head. The Rebels weary of the liegc,march to London^condw-
6tcdhyS. ^ohnConyers. Herbert Ez'Aol Pembroke, ^Xid Humphry Lord Staf-
/tfri, with 9000 J^<?/f^ men and others, march againft thefe Northern Rebels,
2-"co Archers are utterly defeated by the Torkjhire men. A divifion alfo fell
^r,om.ha.\vtcn Pembroke znd Stafford^ fo that Stafford departs with his Archers
from Pembroke ^who being hereat troubled,but not difmaid ,fet upon the Rebels
the next day , and was like to prevail -, . but one Clapham carying the Earl of
Warwicks banner,and accompanied with 500 Northamptonians^ crying a farrc
off, a Warwick, a Warwick, fo affrighted the Welch, fuppoling Warwick had bin
coming with another Army, that they ran away, and were utterly routed, to
the lofs of 5 000 of their company. Sir Richard Herbert, zx\d. 8 more, arc behea-
ded at Banbury, by the rebels -, fo was Earl Rivers, the Q^ father,and S'^ ^ohn
his fon, being apprehended at Grafton,mt\\ov\x. any legal proceeding. The Lo.
Stafford is executed by the K. command , for deferting the Earl of Pembroke,
.Q At laftjthe K. marchcth on with his Army againft the rebels, with whom were
joined the D. of Clarence and Earl of Warwick,
A Parly is propofcd for peace, and many melTengcrs for that purpofe fent
to and fro ; this made the K. fecure, who in his bed was feized on by the Earl
of Warwick, xwfimo with a good Guard into the Kings Camp,flew his watch-
cs,and took him, whom fecretly he conveyed as a prifoncr to the Arch-Bifhop
of Tork his brother, who gave the K. fo much liberty to hunt , thathe made
fhift to efcape to London : at which Warwick was much troubled,with Clarence
and the confederates, who had upon the /ST. Captivity difmiffed their Army,
but they prcfcntly raifed another,and fo did the A'ing; all things now were in a
combuffionjinjufticc and violence ra^ed every where. At length by the medi-
ation offome great and peaceable Lords, a parly was granted between the K.
and the confederates in VVeftminfier Hall, but to no purpofe, fuch bitternefs
there was on both fides. The /(T. alfo brought much envy on himfelf, by cut-
ting off the heads of the Lord VFels, and his brother in law Sir Tho. Dymock,
becaufe they could not perfwade Sir Tho. Ff^ells,thc Lords fon, and General of
the rebels, to forfake them, and feive under him, Sir if <i^frao revenge his
fathers
(54.83 __ ^/^g Second Tart of the Book. VI,
An.Chrijii fathers and uncles death, ventured too raflily upon the K. great army, with his
"--''"V^^ handful of mcn,the confederates not being come yet with their army, fo that
the K. got the honor of that day. In this battel of loofe coats(fo called,bccaufc
the rebels flung off their coats, that they might run the more nimbly^ were (lain
icooo men-. Sir Rob. VVells^ with Ibme other prime men lofl: their heads. Upon
the report of this overthrow,W4W/V^ and Clarence fied to Exeter, 'itom thence
to Dartmouib^d<. fo to Cal(ce,x.\\t K.was much grieved that they efcaped.But to
prevent their landing in EngUnd,\v'\x\\ forain forces, the K. intrcats his brother
in Law the D. of Bttrgoin-, to hinder all aid from the faid Earl , and to furprifc
him with a Navy ; to which the D. was willing cnou ih,being angry witn the i©
Ear] for hindnng his mariage with Margaret the K. fiftcr •, for fiding with K.
Lewis of France^ th« D. mortal enemy, and becaufe the Earl was more belo-
ved of the people,then the K. himfelf. But when the Duke and Earl came with
their wives and friends before Calice, the Earls Deputy Vawcler beat them with
his Ordnance horn the Caftle, not permitting any help or fuccour to be affor-
ded from the Town to the Dutchcfs, who was brought to bed on fhipboard.
'I lie A'ing was lb glad of this, that he made the faid Deputy chief Captain,and
^4^9 B»rgom gave him an annual penfion of 1000 Crowns •, yet the Deputy incou-
raged the Earl to ask aid i^Frameo^ and Calice flionld be his, when time ferved.
Upon this the Earl puts to fca,takes fome of Burgmdtes fhips richly laden,then 20
lands at Dee^. Upon invitation,he repairs to the A', who ufed him and his com-
pany gracioufly and bountifully, for the hatred he bare to K. "Edward^ and the
D. of Burgundy, Upon the report of this intertainment, QJ^iargaret^ and Pri.
Edivardhcr fon,\vith fome otheis.repair to the confederates, and confuit about
rcftoring o^K. Her>ry-^ they gave their folemn oaths to each other,to (land firm,
and for the more {trength,the Earl.of 'Warwick maried his 2^^ daughter to Pri.
E^H?W, which made C/.jr^«ff a fecret enemy to W^rw/V/t, fearing that this
match would be the undoing of the family of Tork • therefore he gave private
intelligence to his brother K. Edward of all yNarmcks proceedings.
The Ewf/y/i Lords being furniflied with all neceflaries from the Vrench K. 30
make ready for their voyage, but are met with by a Burgmdian)c\ttun the
mouth of the river Sene*, which the next evening a fudden ftorm drove into the
fea, drowned many,and difpcrfed moft of them. Warrvick glad at this mifliap
of the Bitrgtindiar}, and underftandirtg by Letters tliat he was howrcly expedlcd
in England, where he fliould be fufficiently backt, makes haffe, leaving the Q.
and Prince behind,and fo with great celerity lands at Dartmouth. The K. mean
while trufting to the Burgundtan Fleet,which he did not know was (poiled, nc-
gle<5ted his own Fleet, and gave himfelf to dalliance with Ladies. "Warmck
fends out ProcIamations,commanding all in K. Henries name, to aid him, and
tooppofeEf/jvWtheUlurper-, and fo in a fhort time, his army mightily in-^
creafed,and marched towards London. K. Edward alfo levied a ftrong army,
but underftanding that the people every where affc«Sed K. Henry and Warrvick,
his heart failed him,fo that he miftrufled his own army, wherefore he left his
army in the night,and with 800 of his bcft friends, ports to Lincolnjhire^thcncc
to Holland^ve(oWmg to flay with the D. of Burgundy till times were better 5 the
Kentijh men hearing that K. Edward w^ns, fled, affembled tumultuoufly in great
numbers,and would by force have entred London Gates, but being rcfifted,they
lire and riffle the fuburbs, and murther much pcoplc,but were at lafl fuppreflcd
and punifhed by the Earl of W arwick^\v\\o prcfcntly goeth to the Tower, fets
K.Henry at liberty, and conduds him triumphantly thence to Pauls , where
having performed his devotions,he keeps his Court m the Bifliops Palacc-,then 5°
he calls a Parliament, in which his chief adherents are attainted of high trea-
fon, and their eftatesconfifcated. TheDutchyof TV^rt is fettled on the D.
of C/4rf»<rf, though the fecondfon^ the Crown is intailed to K. Henry ^ his
heirs male, and for default of fuch iffue, to Clarence and his heirs. The Q_ and
her fon Pr. Edward^ offer divers times to come over by fea, but arc hindred by
crofs
Chap.z<5. HifloryoftheJVorld, (54 p) ^
Cfofs winds and ftorms, which the people conftrued as a judgement on her, An.chriji
for her cruelties in caufingfo much bloudflied. Burgmdy was lothatfirft to v-/\rvj
furnifh K. EdwArdw'ith (hips and mony, fearing left 'Warwick would make i
new war on him ; yet under ftanding that K. E^irW was invited by his friends
into Ef)gUt$d, and that there were great hopes, he furniflicth him with jcoco
J'/<7r^»«of gold, and i8 tall {hips,with 2000 land foldiers : He lands in Tork-
jhire^ where he found cold welcome, the people being more ad di(5lcd to Kin^ 1470
Henrj. Yet he marcheth to York^whzxt he publil'hcth,that he made no claim to
the Crown, but to his Dutchy, of which he Was unjuftly deprived j and fhews
10 that in this, they were in equity to aid him. Upon this , he took his oath, that
he would be a true fubjedi to K, Henry, therefore he was let In,intertaincd, and
monycd^ but before two days were at an end, he plants a Garifon there, and
forceth the inhabitants to furnifh him with all things needful for an army^ then
he hires foldiers every where, and many Gentlemen came irttohim. His old
friend Montacme^v/ho had a ftrong army,gave him free pafTagc to march. W^^--
wick comes to the City of W4nv/V^,with his forccs,t'and writes to CUrence^ to
haftcn thither with his Army,for he meant to give the K. battel •, but cUreme
made no hafte, which bred fufpition in 'Warwick, that he meant to fail him in
his need^ therefore he goeth to Coventry with his army. Y^.'Edrvard dares W'tr-
^QKvick into the ficld,vvho kept clofe within the Walls,to try what Clarence would
doc.
KXJivardwtni thence towards his brother CUrence^'who likewife rcfufed to
Fght : Hereupon the D. of Gloucefier, brother to them both, reconciled them
and their armies : then the 3 brothers ftrive to win yyarmck to their fide , but
he curfing the D. perfidioufnefs, would not unite with them. Wherefore King
Zdtvard to increafc his ftrcngth,repairs to London^which excluded him a while;
But when they confidered his juft title, his abilities for government , arid his
great army, whereas K.Henry was weaker every way,chiefly in the gifts of the
inind,they open their gates,lets him in,and falutes him JC. then Was K.Henry
30 feized upon again, and committed to the Tower. VFarwick thought to have
furprifed the K. in his march towards London^bnt was prevented-, therefore he
mzvcheth to Bar net 10 miles ftom London, purpofing to venture all upon one
battel. K. ¥Jtv. army being furniflied with all things needful, by the Londo-
ners, marcheth alfo to Barnet. The right Wing oi Warwicks army was com-
manded by his brother OH ontacute, and Oxford. The left Wing by himfelf,
and the D. of Exeter -, the main battail by the D. o^Somerfet. K.E(/n?. Vant-
guard was led by the D. oiGloucefter, the main battail by himfelf, & Clarence,
in which was K. Henrys the Rereward was condu<fted by the Lord H/j/?/»^j.
A cruel battail of 5 or 6 howres is fought , and it was not known a great
tp whilc,who had the betterj at laft V/armck perceiving that his men and friends
could not hold out long againft the A'ings frefh Forces and Supplies , prelfed
fo far among his enemies, killing multitudes of them, that at laft he was killed
himfelf, zm(owi^Montacute. The death of thefe two was the overthrow of
the whole army, who ran away, and left the Vi«5lory for K. Edward, who that
afternoon enters the city triumphantly with his prifoner K. fienry. In Pauls hi
offered up his ftandard,with thanks to God for his Vi(5lorys in this battail were
flain almoft ten thoufand men.
The K.grieved much for the death of c?Wo»f/Jfw^f, his true friertd; both he
and his brother Warwick are brought to London, where in P^«/^ Church they
50 lay open faced for 3 days,that the people might fee they were truly dead-, th«^n
they were both buried with their Anceftors in one grave. Q^ Margaret landed
at vya)moath, with fomc Forccs,before flic heard ofK.Edwdrds Vidoryjthere-'
fore with her fon the Prince,flie takes fanftuary in the Abby of Beadieit , whi-
. chcr the D. oiSomerfet Earl of Pembroke , Earl o^Devonpire , with divers o--
thers reforted, refolving to raife a new Army : the Q^ and Somerfet levy for-
ces about trifioll and Gloucefier, intending to joyn themfclves with Pembrokes
S f f \^clch
f^^S) The Second Tart of the Book.VI
An.Chrip VJelch men •, but the i^T.preventcd thofe dcfigns^who fcnt his brother the D. of
'sJ^^v'-^ Gloucefier with an army,who overthrew the D. o^Somerfets forces in one hour,
ofwhom above 30:0 were flain, among which, was the E^xXo^Devonjhire^
with fomc other prime men. The Q;_and Pr.are taken prifoners,with divers o-
thers,who the next day arc beheaded, except the Qi the Pr. ismurthered by
Clarence, Gloucejier, Dorfet, and Hafiings. Not long z^itx^Reper fold Naples &
5/«7)i,and with the mony of that (ale ranfomed his daughter Q. Margaret. K.
Henry in the mean while was found dead in his Chamber in the Tower, being
murthered by K. :Edw. brother,thc D. o^ Gloucefier. 'Xo aflure the people he was
dead,his body is expofed to the public view one whole day in S.P^jChurch-, ^ q
his two brothers Clarence & Gloucefier for their perjuries & murthers, afterward
imbrewed their hands in their ownbloud. Two or 3 years afterK.f^Jv.was fct-
^473 tied his brother in law the D. of Burgundy, pcrfwades him to renue his wars
with Yrance, w'' he did, bccaufeofhis title to that kingd. and for that the Fr.
K. had alTiftcdQ^ ^i^jr^drf rand W^np/V)t, againft K.. £^»v. and for that the
Fr. K. made war upon the D. oi Burgundy. Now becaufe mony was wanting,
a benevolence is demand cd,and paid,but grudgingly. One old widow,though a
niggard,gave the K.20 /. for which he kiffed her,(he being proud of this kiflc,
gave the K.20 /. more,{hewing that 40 /. was little enough for a kings kifs.
The K. having at Dover 5C0 (hips and boats, 1 500 Horfe men, and 1 50*0 2©
Archers landed at Calice •, but the D. o? Burgundy failed him,who promifed to
meet the K. with 20CO Horfe, who after he had triffled away much time in the
(lege of iVwyff, fcnt his forces to Berroys in Lorrain, to be revenged on Reyner,
Q. Margarets father,for fome ill language he gave him. Yet K.Edrv. marcheth
by Bo/len to Perone , where he had no provifion of the D. for his Army^thcncc
he gocth to S.^/«'/>^,but is beat back from thence,contrary to promifc. At
laft a peace is concluded with the French K. for p years,on thefe conditions:! ^
Thatthe Fr. K. pay to Edrv. 75000 Crowns, and 50000 more for an annuall
penfion. 2. That the Fr.K. within one year mary the K. of Englands daugh-
ter to the DoIphin,allowing them for their maintenance yearly 50000 crowns 3©
and then fhall deliver the quiet poflcffion of G^y^rw to them. 3. That the Lo.
Horvard and S.^ohn Cheny^ihoxM ftay with the Fr. K.zs Hoftagcs til the E»f /.
army be landed in England : The T). of 'Burgundy ftorms at this peace, fhewing
it was a diflionourable adt in K.'Edrv. who replyed that it was more diihonoura-
ble in the D.to call him in,and then to fail him.So the D.went away in a chafe*
The Fr. K. to confirm his amity with England, fends to the Englifi) Army 100
Wagons of wine, and gave them leave for 5 or 4 days to folace themfelves in
Amiens ,yN\\txt they found good chear provided for them And becaufe they ca-r
ricd themfelves civilly to the Townfmen, the Fr. K. fends to the chief Com-
manderSjplate and mony. Shortly after, K. Edw. by gifts, intreaiies, and pro- ^
1475 tcftations,that he would mary one of his daughters to the yong Earl of Jf/VA-
tnond,oot him to be delivered to his AmbalT. by the D. of Britany, whom prc-
fcntly they conveyed to S.Malos-, but the D. being informed that a mariage was
pretendcd,but his death was intended ,and fearing this delivery would be a per-
petual ftain to his Honor,fends one Peter Landoys to S.Malos, where the young
£arl was,expeding a fair wind. This Peter by his cunning, got the Earl into a
San(5tuary,fo was the {beep delivercd,and the woolf deluded of his mony. But
the D.promifed faithfully to retain the Earl by him as his prifoner, W^** in fomc
j^__ fort contented K.Ei^n;. After this the D. of C/^r^wc^, K.E^tv. brother, was
condemned of Treafon, againft the K. life, and is imprifoned in the Tower.
But not long after,hc was drowned in a But of CHalntfie^ not without the kings J®
knowledge.
1488 This K. the 5 laft years of his life,grew extream wretched and covetous, fo
that with his exadions, he loft his peoples affedions. In the 30 year of his"^
reign,he fends into France to have the mariage accompliftied between the Del-
fhin and his daughter. But K. Lewis deUded him with frivolous excufes, and
marieth
Chap ,z6. Htflory of the If^orld. (55 0
maricth him to cJW/iA-;>w;7/Vr»i daughter, wWxchcMaxiryiilian was the fonof ^w.C^n/?*'
Frederick the Emperor, againft his oath and artif:les.3'^4w« 3' K..Qi Scots deiircs \.y^^'^\^
a match between his fon and K.£^jv.daughter,which was willingly aflfented to, M^i
and good fums of mony disburfed aforehand, conditionally it fliouid be repaid
if the match broke off. But the Scots K. after things were concluded, lends an
Army to invade England^ which fpoiled all bctorc them w;th fire and fword j
againft whom Gloucefier is fent with 2 iccc men,who took the town oiBarrvic,
and bcfiegcd the Caftlc^but could not take it^thcnce he marcheth mtoScotUnd,
wafting all in his way,and forced Y^.J-Ames Into Edinburgh Caitle^theNobility
10 defirepeace,and obtain icon cheie conditions, that a full amends be made for
the hurt done^ 2. That K.^ames would reftiore his brother the D. o^ Albany^ to
tiis honors and poflcflions. 3. That the Caftle o^Burrvick be delivered up-, and
/; . That repaimcnt be made of K.Edtv. mony lent to K.^ames. The 3 laft con-
ditions were aflented to ; K.Ediv. being deluded by the Fr. K. about the mari- ^'i" 5
age of the Dolphi/i,and likcwife the tribute of 50c 00 Crowns,which was to be
paid him yearly during his life^was denied 5 rcfolved to invade France with a
Royal Army. But in the midft of his preparations, he fell fick, as fome think
of afurfet, or as others of melancholy, and Ihortly after died the 23 year of
his reign.
20 To K.Edtv.^ . fucceeded his fon E^jf . 5. at 13 yeats of age. His uncle the
D.o( GlouceJier(z man as deformed in body,as crooked in conditions,who had
murthcred both K.Henry^ and his fon Pr. E^tv. and his brother alfo the D. of
Clarence) refolves with the D. of Buckingham, and Lord Hafiings , to rcmoVe
from the yong K. all his mothers kindred,being mean peoplc,and to undertake
the charge of government themfelves. Therefore when he underftood that the
CLvvith her brother the Earl i?w^rj,and her fon the Lo. Grey^ intended to con-
dud with an army the yong K.out oi VFales ,io\v^zd^ London^thctc to be crow-
ned. He wrote to the Q^advifing her not to come up to London , in that po-
fture,for fear the people would grow jealous , and raife Civil wars •, therefore
50 Vt'ifhcth her to put afide that Train,and to disband her Army : he (wears with-
all, that this his advice proceeded from his good will and love to her and hers.
The Qi being too credulous,and thinking he had fpokc as he meant,follows his
advice-, which he alfo by his letters gave to the Earl Rivers^^nd the Lord Grey.
So the army is difmiflred,and the K. is accompanied by Rivers^ Grej^ and fome
other friends to Northampton^ and thence to Stony Stratford, which little town
not being capable of the whole train,the Earl with his followers remained that
night in Northampton. But Gloncejier^and Buckingham, with {bme refolved at-
tendantSjbore ^/T^fA-j company that fame night -, but withal in the night time,
the two D. feized upon all the keys of the f«»,and caufed all the ways between
J.Q thefe two towns,to be guarded,and none to pafs that way •, then they fell upon
the Earl,who was confident of them till now,and commits him to fafc cuftody.
The 2 D. rode to Stony Stratford^and prefented their fervicc to the R.which he
accepted, having no fufpition of what was done-, then they feizc on the Lo. Grey ,
the K. half brother,and fome others, whom they fent to Pomfret Caftle,where
without any judicial proceedings, they loft their heads-, they remove alfo the
K. menial fervants & officers,giving out that the Earl with the reft of his con-
federates, meant to deftroy all the Lords of K, Edwards bloud, and to rule all
themfelves. The (^being then at Wejiminfter, hearing of thele tragical paf-
fages, took fanduary thcre,and repented ftie had advifed upon Gloitceflers cun-
5Q ning letters,to difmifs the army. The iif.alfo grieved much, but the a D. pro-
. tefted, they aded nothing but for his weal; and that they would be faithful to
him till their lives end. Then they brought him to London, where he is met by
the Major and his brethren, in whdfe prefence Gloucefier demeaned himfelf fo
fubmiflively to the king, that they all, and moft of the Nobility and Councel-
Jors of State,were perfwaded of the Dukes real intentions for the kings good 5
fo that he was made protcijtor of king and kingdom..
S f f » GloH-
(55^3 ^^^^ Second Tart of the Book.VI
AnXhrifii Gloifcefier having obtained his chiefeft defire, labours next to get the young
^'"v~^ D- of Tork into his hands •, for that end, he complains to the K. Councel of
the wrong the Q . did both to the K. in that fhe would not permit him to en-
joy the company of his only brother,3nd to the kingd. in detaining the faid D.
in fanduary, as a malefailor in prifun •, by which all Councellors & Officers
of State, are fcandalled. This motion fo well pleafed the Lords, that prcfently
they employ the Cardinal Arch-B. of Tork^ who was gracious with her to de-
fire' flic would fend the yongD. to his brother the K. tofolace him, forthefe
reafons : i . Becaufc it was diflionourable to the whole kingd. that a childe fo
near to the A'.fhould be kept in prifon-, for what elfe is a fandliiary. 2. Becaufc f o
that place was only for fuch as by their conlcience were accufed of ibme crime,
which an innocent child could not be guilty of. 3. Becaufc he wants difcretion
to demand fuch a priviledge.Laftly,they tell her that any perfon may be taken
out of fan(ftuary,for his good and welfare -, and therefore if flie refufed to let
him go, that he muft be taken thence without her leave, and the rather becaufe
it is fulpcfted flie meant to fend him beyond feas.The queen allcdgcd,that none
was fo fit to tutor fo yong,tender,and fickly a child, as the mother, & that both
their fifetics confjfted in being feparated ; but perceiving they meant to have
him by fbicc, after (lie had weptjkifTed, and embraced the child ,praymg for his
fafety Jhe delivers him to the Arch-B. from whom the Prote(fl:or in the Starre- 20
Chamber attending then the queens anfwer, took the child, kiffed and hugged
him, procefting that from his fouI,nothing in the world was fo dear to him, ex-
cept tJiG kini^>, whereas indeed he meant the deftrudion of them both •, then he
brought Jiim to the K. who was exceedingly joyed with his company .• but
ihortly after , he conveyed them both through London in great pomp to the
Tower,pretcnding he did this out of his care to them during the troubles of the
kingdom-, whereas indeed there were no troubles but by his procurement , and
the other Lords who adhered to him.
The Protcdor having fecured the two young Princes, next bethinks himfelf
how he Aral obtain the kingd. which he knew would be difficult without the D. 3^
o£ Buckifighamj who was a powerful man 5 therefore he acquaints him with his
intention,defiring his affiftance,promifing to mary his fon to the faid D.daugh-
ter,to give him the Earldom of Hartford^ to which the D.pretended a right,buc
never could obtain it,from £drv.i\ . and laftly,to fliare with him in the K: trca-
fury. Upon thefc tearms Buckingham aflented to, and affiftcd him in the plot :
but the Lo. Hafiings,whom the Protedor had made Chamberlain , could not
be won to this wicked defign-, for one Cateshj a Lawyer, and a Favorite of
Ha(liffgs,\vas employed by the Protedor to found his inclination, which when
he had craftily done, he informs the tyrant there was no poffibility to win him.
Hereupon the Protedor calls a Councel of the Lords at the Tower, under pre- ^
tcnce of fitting all things for the K. Coronation,which he leaft meaned. When
the Lords were fit, the Protedor at laft came,3nd chearfuUy falutcd them all:
Chiefly D^ Morton,B. of Ely, whom he hated,yet imploys him to procure fom
Strawberries out of his garden,which Were very good. The Bifli. glad to plca-
fure him, haftneth homt •, the Protedor alfo prefently went out, and returns
within an hour, butwithadifcontented countenaiice,and troubled minde. All
wondrcd at the fuddert change 4 at laft after fome filence , he asketh what
puniflimcnt he deferved , that intended to murther the K . uncle and Protedor.
At length Hafiings anfvvered ,that he deferved the greateft punifliment imagina-
ble. Then faith the Protedor, that forccrefs the Q^ and that ftrumpet Shores
wife, have cohfpired againft nay life •, of which that you may be fure, you fliall 5^^
fee my arm,whiGh is alteady confumed,and with that he ftiewed his naked arm,
as if they had not all known, that his arm had been ever fo from his Nativity.
BefideSjfio man could believc,that the Q^fo vertuous a Lady,would intend fuch
a mifchief, or that fbe would have confortcd v\ ith her dcceafed husbands con-
cubine. Shores wife. Hafit/tg's who after K. Edrvi death, converfed with Sifores
wife,
Ch^p.id, Hijlory of the World. 053)
wife, was beginning to excufc her-, but prefcntly the Prote«ftor interrupted An.chnjti
him, calling him traitor for doubting of that which he fpoke, and with that '--''~v~^^
clapping his hand rudely on the tablc,the chamber fuddenly was filled with ar-
med men, one of which, knockt down the Lord ^fW^ under table with his
Holbard,but killed him not. Haftings is arrefted by the Protedor, accufed of
Treafon,and without any other procceding,caried out into the Green,wherchis
head is chopped off. This execution was done that very day,and hour,that the
jEarl Rivers^hoxd. (7rfy,and Sir Thomas Vatighanj were e^^ecuted in Pomfret Ca-
iHe,without legal proceeding.
10 After the execution,the Cardinal of ro?"^',the Bifli- o'tEly^ and the Lo. ,?/•<*«-
Z^, are committed thereto feveral prifons. The VxouGtoizn^ Buckingham^
put thcmfeves prefcntly into arms,and fends for the chief Citizens 5 to whOm
the Protestor complains, that his death was confpired that morning hy Ha-
(lifigs and his complices •, therefore they are required to certifie the City of the
true caufc of this broil and execution in the Tower. Two hours after the exc-
cution,a long Proclamation is read by an Herald of Arms,which was thought
to have I^een written and fealcd fome days before. Then was D' Shaa. imploid
to Preach the next Sunday after at PauIs Crofs,a Sermon in commendation of
the pedigree,vertues and valour of the Proteflor,and in deteftation of the laft
'JO K. E^if . lafcivious ads, and fimiliarity with ^/'(^rw wife, and others ^ alfo to
flicw his children were baftards,and born in adultery, becaufe he was contra<5t-
cd to the Lady X«f)',before he maried the Lady Grey, and was alfo afficd to the
Lady 5<?;?.f,fifter in law to the Fr. K. he alfo accufeih the Protedors own mo-
ther of incontinency,in the generation of K. Edw. and the D. o'x Clarence. At
laft,he hoped the people would receive the Protedor, as their Lo. and K. But
the Dodors eloquence could not prevail with the pcople,to accept Richard ^01:
their K. yet the next day in Guild-Ball, Buckingham labours by arguments to
make the Protedor right heir and inheritor of the Crown , and with much re-
luctancy,got divers of the townfmcn to go with him to the Protector at Bey-
5c tiards Caftle,whcre they prayed him to undergo the office of a K.which he refu-
fcd to do at firft ^ but upon their importunity ,he aflfented to that, which moft
of all things in the world he defired. '
K. Richard being Crowned,to infinuatc himfclf into the good opinion of his M^3
enemies, makes Stanley whom he imprifoned, Steward of his houfe, and inlar-
ged the Arch-B. of rork : but Morton of E/y, he fent prifoncr to the Duke of
Buckingham. Then he creates his only child %dn>. Prince of Wales, ^ohn How-
ard is made D. o't Norfolk ^his eldefl fbn Sir Tho. Horvard,[s created Earl of ^wr-
>7, the Lo. Barkley is advanced to tlie Earldom of Nottingham, and the Lord
Lovel is made Vifcount Lo'vel. He fends alfo Ambaifadors to King Lervis of
40 Fratice^io conclude a peace-, but Lewis would not admit any of them into his
prefence. Upon this he began to think, that fo long as the two young Princes
lived, his glory would be eclipfed ^ therefore he makes a progrefs to Gloucejler,
appointing that the children fliould be murthercd in his abfence, thinking this
would take off all (ufpition from him. He firff writes to Brakenbury Lieutenant
of the Tower,to execute his bloudy fentcnce,which he refufcd to do. Where-
upon curfing the Lieutenant, he writes to one Terril^ proraifing him great re-
wards to execute this murther, to which he afrented,and by the K. command
takes the keys of the Tower from the Lieutenant, and then the next night he
fends two wicked executioners into the childrens chambcr,where they fmothe-
^o Kd them in their beds,and buried them at the (fairs foot. The news of the two
young Princes found dead in their bed, much perplexed the Nobility and pco-
ple,but moft of all the dying Queen-, great forrow was exprefled every where,
except amongif the Tyrants confederates. But this wicked Tyrant is croffed
arhl tortiired,not only with continual fears and }ea:loufies,and torments of con-
fcicnce,attending on his bloudy foul,but alfo the next year, by the lofs of his j^ g^
^ly child the I^inceof W^f^- D" Morton, a wicty and learned man , being
Bucking'
r^^A) The Second Tart of the Book VI .
~f~'^l(li Buckingham prifoner,obfcrving the D.ambiuoiis humour,infinuates fo into his
v5K/^ favour, that they began to be inwardly familiar , and to impart their fccret
thouc^hts to each other •■ withal, the D"^ fliews, hov/ ungratefully the Ufurper
had ufed the D. by vvhofe means he h»d obtained the Cro\vn,in not rewarding
him nor reftoring to him the Eixvldom oi' H.irt ford, but rather labouring to
fupp'refs him, being jealous of his grcatnefs. He complains alfo of the kings in-
gratitude to his mother,in making her unchafte in the conception of his two
elder brothers, K. Bdiv. and the D. o[ Clarence. Laftly, of his murthcrs com-,
mitted on the Lo. Rivers ^md the reft ^ chiefly of Pr. Ediv. fon to Henry 6. and
of the murther of the fame K. and of Clarence his own brother,and of the mur- lo
thering of his innocent Nephews, whom he baftardized. Therefore he aJvi-
feth the D. for his own fifety, and his Countries,to make ufe of his own grcat-
nefs and ooodnefs, and of the peoples affections , that fo he may either make
himfelf K.. or elfe further the uniting of the two Houfes of Tork and Lancafter,
by beftowing K.E^w.eldeft daughter on the Earl o? Jtkhmond^ddccndcd from
^ohn o^Gant the 4''' fon ot K. E^/v. the third •, by which means the kingdom
ihould be quieted, both from Civil wars, and this monfter of men.
The D. though ambitious enough, yet he knew there was much envy, but
little fecurity in ufurpation-, he therefore thought itbeftto make the Earl K.
The Bilhop was dcfirous to go into the Iflc of E/^,promifing to furnifn the D. 20
with men and mony ^ but the D. fearing left the Biftiops efcape fliould be re-
quired at his hands , was loth to let him go, nor was he willing to part with
fuch a friend and Counccllor •, but the Bifti. knowing his head was in danger of
the Tyrant,whilft he was a prifoncr made an efcape in a difguifed habit to E//,
where having furnifhed himfelf with mony, fails prefently into Flanders , ani-
mates the Earl o( Richmond then in Brit any, to mary K. Edrv. daughter, to de-
pofe the Tyrant, and to make himfelf K. He alfo by letters ftirs up the Gen-
try and Lords to aflfift the Earl, who fo prevailed with the D. that he inlargeth
him, and meant to give him aid, notwithftandingK-iJi^/^r^ had importuned
the D. to deliver up the perfon o£ Richmond to him,for jewels, mony, and large 30
promifes. This plot was not fo clofely caricd,but K.Richard knew of it-,thcre-
fbre he means either to win Buckingham^or to difpatch him : for this caufc he
^^ .^ kindly invites him to the Court 5 but the D. knowing Richards bloudy difpofi-
tion,excufeth his not coming by the indifpofition of his body ^ the K. writes 2
ftiarpletter.commanding himtocome-, the D. returns a peremptory anfwer,
that he would not come to fuch a monfter and tyrant,who was no K.but an U-
furper. With this the D. haftneth into ^4/«,where he raifcth an Army-, for-
ces alfo are levied in Be'vonjhire by the Courtneys. fome in Kent^ by the Gentry
there, and fome in Torkfhire^y Grey Marq. Borfet. K. Richard to fupport his
bad caufc,raifeth another Army, by which he meant to fupprefs the D. forces, op
before they were joined with their friends. The D. ftriving to dare the K. de-
termines to lead his whole Army through the Kivcx Severn.^ atalowFoord;
but God for his aftenting to the murther of the two young Princes, crofted
him fo with continual rains for ten days,that both his paffage was hindred,and
the Country thereabout almoft drowned, to the great lofs of the inhabitants 5
the Wf/f^ men run away , and left him alone. The D is inforced to harbour
himfelf near Shrexvsbury,zx. one B anajiers ^who was his fervant. The D. friends
hearing of his bad fuccefs,difpcrfe their companies,every one ftiifting for him-
felf-, divers of them took ftiipping for Bntany^s the Courtney s,Dorfet^md ma-
ny kniohts. The K. profcribes Buckingham.^ promifing 100- pound to him 50
that ftiould take him. Upon this,his faithlefs fervant £4«d/?fr betrays him to
the Sheriff of Shrofjhire^ who with a ftrong guard, conveys him to the King
then at Shrewsbury. The D. upon examination confcflcd all, & without farther
proceeding loft his head. In the meanwhile the Earl of iJ/c^wW with 500
enters the fca,not hearing of his friends arrival out of England., nor of their o-
vcrthrowj but by a fudden ftorm, his fliips were fcattered, and driven back,
fome
Chap.2<^. Hiftorj of the World.
I
back, fomc upon Normatidy^iovac on Sritany- the fhip in w^^ the Earl was, kepc A». Chrtjii
the fea, with one more. The next day the Earl came before Pool , but finding "-""V-Si^
the Coafts all along filled m ith armed men, doubting they were his enemies,
though they laboured to train him in, returns, and lands fafely in Normandj'^
whence he fends to Charles 8. for a free paffage into Brit any ^SN^ich. the K.gran-
ted,and withal fent him ftore of mony : fo having come into Britany, he meets
his exiled friends, who acknowledge him for their K. conditionally, that he
mary with K. Edwards daughter, which he promifed by folemn oath to do. So
they make ready a Fleet by the D. of Britanies help, and levied what foldicrs
ic they could ; cr.
Meanwhile K.if/VA^rityrannizeth over Richmonds friends, he makes him
a Traitor by a<fl of Parliament ^many Loids he puts to death, and feized upon
their whole eftates as Traitors. He executed one for this diftich.
The Rat, the Cat, and Lovel the Dog,
Rule all in England nndcx the Hog.
That is, Ratcliff, Catesby^ and Lovely the Tyrants 5 Favorites, ruled all under
K. j?/V^W, whogaveaHogforhisfupporter, to make himfclf the ftrong-
cr. He concludes a peace with K- ^ames of Scot land ^z.nd. matcheth his Niece
20 the Lady o^»«f with the Prince of iJ^^r^y^^, the faid K eldeft fon. Healfo
labours again with large bribes and promifes,to get the Earl of Richmond into
his hands, but could not 5 for the D. of Britany was then fick, and Peter Lan-
dois, who at S.Malos had freed the Earl heretofore,jiow difpofed of all bufinefs
in that Country. He being greedy of fo great a prey as was promifed,to wit,
great ftore of mony, and all the Revenues of the Earl and his confederates,-
promifcth to betray the Earl ; but D. Morton hearing of the danger, prcfently
acquaints the Earl therewith,who haftcneth out of Britany into France, where
he was welcomed with his friends by the French King, and help promifed him.
Landois had appointed fome companies of armed men to attend the Earl into
r^Q^ England z, butindeed to furprifehim. Now when it was given out, that the
Vrench K. would affift the Earl , divers Commanders from C/i//V(r fecretly re-
pair to the Earl,who courteoufly received them. But K. R/VWiundcrftanding
of preparations in France to aid Richmond^ he devifeth a new plot to keep him
off from marying with the Lady Eli'^beth^zs he intended •, therefore he gets
the Qi Mother upon large promifes made to her,to deliver into his cuftody,her
five daughters, hoping hereby to hinder the uniting of the two Houfes. So out
of covetoufnefs, ihe delivers her dalughtcrs to him , who had killed her firft
husband, executed unjuftly her brother, and her fon, and had baftardized and
murthered her two other fons. Having got them into his cuftody, he intends
40 to mary the faid EW^abeth his brothers daughter, but that was hindred by Q^,
y^»«e his wife, who within a few days after is found dead in her bed j fomc
think fhe was poifoned 5 others, that it was grief killed her, becaufe fhc per-
ceived the defigns and plots of her wicked husband.
The Queen was fcarce cold, when King "diehard makes love to the Lady
Elizabeth -^ but fhe kept him off with fair words, defiring him firft to fubduc
the EcLvl of Kichmond, and to fettle himfelf and kingdom. Mean while falfe
news comes to him, that'Richmond and his friends were out of hope to re-
ceive any aid from the French King. Upon this, jSring Richard began to be fe-
cure, and to difcharge his Garifons on the Sea Coaft. When news was brought
50 to Richmond^ that his Lady,and her fifters were by their mother delivered into
K. Rich. hands,that the wife of this "Richard W2S found dcad,and he now made
love CO the Lady EU^. his chief hopes. This news haftncd Richmond to come
for England -J therefore having obtained of the French King mony, fhips, ar-
mor, artillery , and 2000 men, he arrives at Milford Haven in Wales. The
Welch underftanding that he ^yas the fon of Owen Tttthar, their Country man,
and that his mariage with the Lady Eli:{abeth, would fettle- and unite the king-
donij
""" /^-5) The Second Tart of the BookVL
"7, (jfj„f(jdom, they flock to him from all parts. Bcfides thefe, Thomas Lord Stanley^
^,^■\--<L Pather in Law to R/V^w Wj came to him with 50'0 men-. Sit George Talhi
aUb,came with the power of the young Earl of Shrewshury, (then inWard^
which confifted of 2000 men. All thcfe had been levied for King Richards
fervice, but were now revolted to a more lawful power. King R/V/'W grie-
ved much at this revolt,, yet raifcth an Army of 20000 men, purpofingto
venture all upon a battel. The D. of Norfolk could not be drawn away from
K. Richard^ but remained loyal till his death. The a2 oi Augufi^ and third
year of this Tyrants Reign, at Bofxvorth in heicejierfhircy the two armies met,
and fought for two howrcs fpacc. King R;V^W perceiving his men to fight 10
coldly and that many revolted , and many flood by as Neuters, he rufheth
furioiilly among ft his enemies, and was ftoutly cncountred by Sir WilltAtn
Brandon , the Earls Standcrd bearer, whom RicharA flew. He alfo knockt
down Sir ^ohn chettey^ a ftout man,and gets to the Earl, whom he fights,but
is at laft killed by him,and fo by the death of this Tyrant, the long quarrel en-
ded. R/c/'4r^loftthcDukeof iV(>r/i)/^ , and locomorc. The Earl loft not
ab^ve 100. King R/V^dr^j carkafs was found naked in the field, filthy with
dirt,and gory bloud, which was caft on an Horfcs back, and caricd to Leicefier
like a Calf, his head and hands hanging down on the one fide, and his legs
on the other, and fo was bafcly interred, as he had buried his two Nephews. 20
The Crown was found among the fpoils , and brought to Richmond^ by the
Lord Startlcj his Father in Law. There in the field Henry is Crowncd,wiui the
1485 acclamations of the people. And then he gives folemn thanks to God; and
{b ended this Tyrant Richard^ who in his life was monftrous, in his death cou-
ragious : He had a deformed body, but a cunning brain, an eloquent tongue,
and a ready hand.
CHAP.
CHAP.iy. Hijiory of the IForld. 5'4<^
Chap. XXVII.
ihe Englifh H/Jioty wider the Reigns of Ki»g Henry the 7. aftd KingHenry
theS. fromthe J ear 1^8%. till the year 1548.
jin.Chrifii*
I
King Hcwr;' the 7. being croWned, according to his promifemarrieth the
htidy Elizabeth^ Uniting thereby the two Rofes. After the manner of
Fr.wce^ he choofeth a guard to attend u^on him, and makes his Uncle
"jafper Earl of rcmbrook^, Duke o^ Bedford ^ The Lord Stanly his father-in-law
10 is made Earlof Oer/y, and divers other honors he conferred ^ Stafford the
Duke of BucJ{inghams eldeft fon is reftored to his fathers honors and pofleffi-
ons. Then he calls a Parliament, wherein all former Afts prejudicial to him,
or his, are cancelled 5 the Crown is entailed on him and his heirs. He make^
alfo good Laws, and pardons his enemies upon their fubmiffion. He bounti-
fully recompenced the Duke of Britany for his former favours , and fo he did
the French King , thereby redeeming hisHoftages, the Marquefs Dor/e^ and
Sir John Bourchier. But King Henry wastiot fuffered to enjoy long quietnefs,
by reafonof unruly fpirits,fuch~as4hieL. Ltfw/j Humfrey Stafford^ andhisbro- 14.8^;
ther Thomas, who leaving their Sanftuary at C<>/<:^i?/?e?', made many people ift
20 the North take Arms againft the King-, who upon this newsfuddenly fends
againft them his Uncle the Duke of Bedford with three thoufand men, whofe
breaft- plates were made of tanned leather , for want of better Armour. But
i<?7;e/ perceiving that the King Would force him to fight before he was ready,
and that a better ftrength was comming with the King himfelf , his fear made
himflieto Six Thomas Br onghton in the Norths ihctwo Staffbrds took fan-
ftuary in Culnham Abbey near Oxford^ and the Rebels Army left to the Kings
mercy, who upon their fubmiffion pardoned them. The Staffords are taken
outof thefanftuary, which muft notproteftTxcafon, Humfreyv/as put to
death , the younger brother fpared , becaufe he was jnftigated by his reftlefs
go brother Ha»//re/.
Shortly after the quenching of this fire, breaks forth a new flame blown by .
Simond a Prieft, who knowing that Edw.Plantaginet Earl ofWarrvick, , fon and ' 4 ° 7-
Iieir to George Duke of Clarence, brother to King Edward the fourth, had been
kept by the two laft Kings a prifoner in Tork-Jlnre ever from his infancie, and
that Kmg Hew.had fecretly removed him to theTowerjthis Prieft(I fay)got the
tuition of a witty boy, One Lambert, but of mean parents ; him the Prieft in-
ftrufted in all manner of literature and court-(hip , making him believe that
he was the onely fon and heir of the Duke of Clarence --^ the boy being now
feventeen years old, Cthe true Plantaginets age) and made fit to aft his part, is
40 tranfported by the Prieft into Ireland, who quickly works upon the fickle
wilde-lrilh j to accept him for their King. Shortly after, the Nobility and
Commons, Gerardin the Chancellor are all drawn into this net. Gerardin con-
cludes from his perfon, feature, gefture, fpeech, and other Princely qualities'
hi him, that he was the Duke crtC/^re^^re his heir, and therefote fumifheth
him with money and other neceflaries, fo did the other Lordso£ Ireland : he
informs alfo the Lady Margaret King Edward the fourths fifter , daughter t6
Charles Duke of Burgundy, and fuppofed Aunt to this counterfeit, of his being
^ there, which fhe knew to be falfe, yet entertained the conceit out of malice to
Henry of the houfe of Lancajier, ( (he being of the houfe of Tor 10 therefore
50 (he gives out that the true Tlantaginet was m Ireland, that thelrifhhad re-
ceived him for their King, and that fhe would furnifhhim with arms, men
and money ; this report carrie over into Flanders to the Dutchefs DoWager,
her nephew the Earl of Lincoln , Francis Lord Lovel, with fome other, prime
men, at whofe comming the Dutchefs caufed to be levied two thoufand inert
in her Country under Martin Sward '^ thefe fail for Jre/^W, and joyn with Sir
^ /)<7.G( fdrdin the Chancellor who had raified two thoufand Irifli ready to pafle
Ttt fo*
^^6 The Second Van of the Book. VI.
jK.ChriJiiAov England. Wife and vigilant Ring Hew^ caufed the true P lantagi net tohc
^-^"V'^-' brought from the Tower through the ftreets , into P^i//// Church there to be
feen by the people. Then he prepares an Army to encounter Lamberts forces
who were arrived near to Lincolne 5 the two Armies couragioully joyn battel,
but in Icfle fpace then an hour, the naked Irifh are flain with their Comman-
ders, Lovel^Gerardine, Sward znd Eroughton, the reft fubmitted, and are pardo-
ned, the Prieft is fent to perpetual imprifoment 5 his perfonaied Pupil is firft
made a skull ian, and afterward the Kings chief Falkoner. Then the Qpeen is
crowned^ Archbifhop Bourchier dieth t, Morton Bifliop of Elj fucceeded in that
See, and was alfo made Lord Chancellor, who fliortly after received from 10
!* Pope Alexander 6. the Cardinals Hat.
1488. The troubles between the French king , and the Duke of Brit any did per-
plex King Henry , for they both had been his friends, therefore was unwilling
to fide with either, but rather to mediate a peace, the Duke being ruled by
his French guefts, the Duke of Orleans and his complices refufed to hearken
tothofe conditions of peace which the French king propofed. About this
time the Lord Woodvik^ Captain of the Ifle of Wight^ and the Queens Uncle,
without the Kings knowledge failed into Sri/^/ry with four hundred expert
fouldiers to aid the Duke , who was then ready to fight the French king near
to Tongiers. Fifteen hundred Britains were clad in coats with red erodes, as if ^^
they had been Englipntenj but in the end the poor Britains are flain, with
theLovd Woodvik, fo that the Fre«f^ got the day. Upon this King Henry is
advifed by his Parliament, rather to adhere to the Britains, then to the French^
becaufe he had been more beholding to that Duke', then to King Charles ^ be-
fides if the French Ihould get Britany from the Duke , they would prove bad
neighbours to England. Hereupon an Army of eight thoufand men is fent
under the Lord Erool^s :, but as foon as they arrived, the Duke died , and
the war ended by the affiancing of the Lady Anne the heir of Britany to King
Charles,
The Northern Rufticks of Tork, and Durham^ refufing to pay the tax gran- 3^
1489. jg^ jQ j-hg King for maintenance of the BritiJI) war, rufhed furioufly upon,
andmurthered Henry ^axl oi Northumberland , for diftraining the goods of
fuch as would not pay, and not refting here , they grow to a great body , and
force the Gentry of thofe places to take their parts : Hereupon the King fends
an Army under Thomas Ear\eo£ S/trrey^ who was taken prifoner at BoftporPh
field, but isnowfetfreeby RingWfKry, and received into his favour. The
king had another Army comming after , which fo affrighted the Rebels, that
they all fled every man to his own home ^ but the king made ftrift enquiry
after the Ring-leaders , who being apprehended were executed , the meaner
fort were pardoned. _ ^
1490. King cLr/cT having corrupted the Brittifh Nobility, obtained the Lady
Jnne for his wife, and returned the Lady Margaret to her father Maximilian
king of the Romans^ who fcorning thus to be f]ighted,refolves to be revenged,
therefore he defires aid from king Henry , who by advice of his Parliament
concluded to affift him, becaufe France by the addition of Brittain would be-
come too great. A benevolence is demanded and granted by the Gentry, but
grudgingly. A fleet of (hips is prepared to tranfport the Army under the
kings Uncle J^ypcr Duke of Bedford, and jf<?/j« Earle of Oxford, but when the
Army was ready to be imbarked, the king is informed that Maximilianhzd no
military preparations at all , which vexed king Ht'/zry, fearing left the people 5®
might account him a coward if he ftiould difmifle the Army , or brand him
with oppreflion or covetoufnefs , for pretending a war to pick their pockets,
therefore he advifeth with his Parliament what were beft to be done in this
cafe, they all refolve, that he alone with his own Army fliould war upon
France in revenge of the wrongs lately offered to king Henry.
1491. Shortly after , the king failed over to Calice , and there hay ing mai (hailed
his
ft
Chap. 17. Hijiory of the JVorld,
his Army into four battels, he layeth (lege to tttUoign-.^ the French king fearing An,chri(ii.
left the hrittaJns Cwhoin he had lately offended by altering fome of their *-<~vrNi
cuftomes) might fall off to the Englifh, fends Articles of peace to king Henry,
who accepted of them, and (hortly after a peace is concluded, and the fum of
186000. and 200 pounds is paid towards king Henries charge? befides a
yearly penfion of five and twenty thoufand crowns was duely paid whiift-
king Hewrc lived : and fo the king returns by C<«//fe into £«;;g/i/«^. , ,; .,;]
Mean while the Dutcheis of Bi/rgundji ^ a mortal enemy to the houfe'of
Lancajier, devifeth a new trick to vexe kingHwr^ : fhe had got a Dutch boy,
10 comely, learned and witty, his true name<was Pe^eri^F^r/'ec^j but nicknamed
rer;^7;z,which in Dutch fignifieth Weaknefs;,he waseducated by this Lady iu all
Princely qualities, fo that he was thought by moft to be of a Noble extraftion j
he was fo expert in the pedigrees of the houfes o^YorkSc LancaJIer^that tio man
could exceed him j for fhe made him believe that under the name of Richard
D.of Tflr/^fecond fon to King Edvearcl the 4.her brotherjfhe meant to make him
King^then fhe fends him over into Ire/and^where he was received as their Lord
and King : the French king alfo willing to divert the Englijh Army intended
againft him, and to remove King Ht-wrj/jfends for this Verkin Warbeck^ refolving
to make him Ring i as foon as he was come to the French Court, hewps r.e-
3Q ceived and entertained as if he had been born to a Kingdome,but on a fudden
his honours vanifhed into fmoak, for a peace was concluded between the t%Vo
Crowns,and Terkjn ran away fecretly to the Dutchcfs of Eurgnndj^^nd feaiing
left the French would have betraied him to King He?ny^ the Dutchels recejvjqs,
him with great joy, giving him all the accommodation befeeming a Princcj
with a guard of thirty Gentlemen, then fhe caufed it to be publifhed to.
England , that her nephew Richard Duke of Tork^ lived in her Court , there-
fore wifheth all >true hearted EnghJJi to flick by him , as rightful heir to the
Crown.
The report is fuddenly believed by thofe who were willing to fifh in
sotr*5ubled waters, who delight in the change, who were difcontented with the
houfe of Lancajier, and complained they were not rewarded by King Henry as
they deferved. Upon this Sir Roheri Clifford is Cent into Flanders to enquire
the truth of things, who having conferred with the Dutchefs, and feen ther
behaviour of this Mock-prince , certifies his friends in England ^ that this is
the true fbn of King Edroard the j^. The perfwafion of which grew fo gene-
ral, that King Henrji prepares for future ftorms,and Perkins invafion; he guards
all the Sea-coaft , and by his letters informs the Burgundians and Flemings of
the vanity and foolery of this device ; he fends alfo privately fome politick '493'
heads to finde out of the Dutchefs and Perkjn , who of quality in England
^Q fided with him, upon whofe information fome were put to death. King Heniry.
finding that Maximilian King of the Romans], and his fon Vhilip Archduke of
Aufiria and Duke of Burgundy fecretly favoured the attempts of' the Lady
Jlfai-garet concerning fVarbecl{, removed the Englijh Mart from Flanders and
Callrce , prohibiting all importation of Fkmijh wares into England^ Maximi-
lian alfo forbad all EngUJI) commodities in his Countries : Upon this, great
difcontentarofe among the Ew^/t/Z) Merchants , who could not keep fb many
Apprentices and Journy-men as formerly, therefore a multitude of Journy-
men and Apprentices fun furioufly into the Still-yard, broke open ware-
houfes andfhops, rifling all in their way, andabufingthtEafterliiigs, till the
tQ Lord Maior with his forces difperfed them 5 the Ring-leaders being about
eighty, were with many others imprifoned, but at laft they .obtained the Kings
pardon.
Sir Robert Clifford repenting of his journey into Flanders^ obtains the Kings
pardon, and leave to return home, who in the Tower before the King and his
Lords, difcovers the whole praftice and purpofe of the Lady Margaret and.
Warbeck. The King alfo enjoynshim to difcbver the Confpirators, that if
Ttt 2 the^
1^48 The SecofidTanofthe Book. VI.
Jn.ChriJiuthey were great ones , they might be prefently feized on , without further
^'0/'>»^ trouble, being already in the Tower. Sir William Stanly onely is accufed,
whom the king had highly loved, and made him his Chamberlain : but now
having nothing to fay for himfelf , is imprifoned , and a few dayes after be-
headed. Yet for all this, many out of feveral ends were fo defirous of change,
that they could not keep their tongues from fpeaking defpitcfully oi theking^
but he curbed their tongues by ftrift punUhments , and ftrengthened himfelf
againft all aflaults or invafions.
King Henry remembring the aide which the wilde-Irifti gave to Terkjn two
'495* years ago, fends an Army thither under the command of Sr. Edipard Poynings^ 10
who could doe but little good upon that wild people, fheltring themfelves in
Bogs and Woods 5 nor did the Nobility there give any aide to-Sir Rdroard^ for
which the Earl of Kildare was fufpeded , being then the greateft man in that
Ifland,and the kings Deputy .He being fallly accufed,is brought over intoE«g-
land-^ but he fo cleared himfelf before the King , that he is difmiffed with ho-
nour, and leave to continue in his place: Meanwhile, Terkjn with theoff-
fcum of divers Nations, came upon the Kentifti coaft , fome of them landed to
try what the people would do for Terkjn 5 the country people cunningly trai-
ned them further into the land , with their fair promifes to live and die with
Terkjn againft the King, till finding opportunity, they fell upon them, and kil- 20
led many^ one hundred and fixty they took prifoners, whom the High-Sheriff
fent bound with ropes to London ^ where they were tryed and executed in
divers places of the kingdome. Terkjn in difcontent returns to F/<j«(^erx, where
he recruits himfelf with more rafcals , and with them he fets faile for Inland:,
where finding men, but no arms, he leaves the Iri(h,and comes into Scotland^
imploring the help of king James the fourth, being then young. The Scots
taking opportunity by this to invade £«^/<««(^, raife an Army and enter N<7r-
thnmberland^ wafting, burning, and deftroying all before them with much in-
humanity and cruelty 5 and after they had left that Country defolate, finding
rioEngliih aid comming to their new king,they return home with their booty, go
and let Terkjn (hift for himfelf.
Upon the great defolation of the Northern parts , king Henry raifeth a puif-
fantarmytobe revenged on the Scots 5 for the maintaining of which war, a
tax is granted : No fooner was this Army on foot marching northward, but it
is fuddenly recalled 5 fortheCornifti-menrefufed to pay the Tax, and were
in arms, pretending that the king and kingdome were abufed by Archbi-
Ihop Morton, and Sr. Remold Bray, the kings two faithfulleft Councellors •-> that
thefe two polled the people, to enrich themfelves. Onejofeph a Black-fmith,
and Flamockji^ lawyer, were the two main men of this faftion 5 thefe being in
• a great body, preffe forward towards Londoui, and by the way they make 4a
the Lord Dudley their cheif Commander t, the king gives them leave to march
on, becauft the farther they are from their own home, the lefle help they (hall
have^ and the long march alfo will tire their fouldiers. Now when they
came into Kent, the help which they expefted there, failed them --, and not on-
ly fo, but were ready alfo to refift and fuppreife them. Wherefore the Cornijl>-
men being no ways daunted,retired to Black-heath,intending to try their for-
tune. The king having divided his Army into three parts , chargeth the Re-
bels in the face with his own part, the other two on either fide ^ the Cornijh re-
fift ftoutly, fo that the fight lafted fome houres , in which the Lord D'awbeny
was taken prifoner by them, but prefently let go again, hoping thereby to 50
finde favour ; at laft, the king won the field : of his fide were loft three hun-
dred 3 of the Rebels above two thoufand , their chief Commanders were ta-
ken prifoners 5 the ring-leaders of this rebellion were executed as traitours;
their heads and quarters difperfed in divers Towns and Caftles, for the greater
'49 7* terrour of Rebels.
WhileftkingHewrj' was bufie about the Corniihmen , left the Scots fliould
make
Chap.1'7. Hijiory of the World. ^49
make an invafion, he requires TA<?>w^ Howard Eurlofsttrreji^mth Richard Fox An.Chrifitt,
Biftiopof ParA^wtowithfland, tillhefent more power to aide them. In the ^-<~V-Sfci,»
interim, the Scots invade England again, and are met with an Army of twenty
thoufand, which made them retreat ^ the Engl ifh enter ^f^f/dw^/, anddeftroy
divers Towns and Forts neer the borders without refiftancei in the night-
time, tYickmgoi Scots difmifl'cth his Army, who difperfe themfelves into
the woods and mountains ; the Englifh purlued a while, but were forced to
give off by reafon of the ftorms , awJ want of provifiwi in that barren pait of
Scotland.
10 A bout this time, an Ambaflador arrives from Ferdinand king oiCajiile, xo
mediate a peace between the twokings. A Truce for fome yeMs is concluded,
conditionally that Warbeck^he banilhed out of -?ftf?/4«^. The peace alfo be-
tween France and England'n ratified ; the Englifh trade is alfo reftored to the
Flemingsupon thedefireofrAz/ip Arch-Duke ofylM/?«^, and great joy was •
ufed in Antwerp upon the return of the Englilb. And now king Hcttr; had
peace every where, except with Forkin^ who being turncdc«t of Scotland, fails
with one hundred and twenty ragged fouldiers and four fhips mto Cornwall^
the difcontented Cornifli flock to him , and aid him with three thoufand men;
withthefe hemarcheth towards Eace^cr, which becaufe they within would
20 not yeeld upon his entreaties , he befiegeth it round 5 and for want of Artil-«
kry to batter the wals , they caufed them to be fcaled in many places at once :
but ftill be is repulfed with the lofle of many of his men in the Town-ditches
and Trenches. Then they try to fet the City-Gates on fire , but the townfmen
made greater fires within, till with Banks and Bulwarks they fecured thofe
places^ then rer/^?« fals to his fcating again, but to no purpofe, whereat he
was much difheartned : Mean while, the King refolves with his Army to raifc
the fiege^ but before he came, Courtney Earkof Divonpire with a good Army
forceth tht Rebels to give over the fiege , who ftiarch away thence to Taunton^
which they befiege: The king direfts his march thither ^ upon the report of
go whofe comming, Perkjn flies away with fixty horfe to Beauly Abbey , where
they take fanftuary ; the refidue of them were taken prifoners, and divers of
them executed : but the meaner fort falling on their knees,begged for mercy,
which the king granted them.
After this, king Henry goeth to Exeter, where having thanked and commen-
ded the inhabitants for their valour and loyalty , gave to them his fword from
his fide , Commanding that hereafter it ftKjuld be born before the Major
publiquely, as formerly and for tbelikepurpofeking£fi^iP4r<^the fourth had
done. Then the king fends fome bands of fouldiers to Beauty to apprehend t ^ q g
Terkjn, who yeelded himfelf, and was brought to the king, by whom he is car- 4" 7 •
40 tied prifoner to L^^Wtfw 5 but efcapedtothe Abbot of 5^e»e , who procured
him the kings pardon J Then was he brought to White-halt,where his ignoble
pedegree was written in a paper, and pin d upon his back ; fo being ftocked
there a whole day, and the next morning upon a high fcafFold in Cheapjide, * 4 9 9*
from thence he is committed a clofeprifoner in the tower. But as he was pra-
ftifing toefcape with young Wartoick^^ who had been a prifoner from his
infancy, he is condemnedof high treafon, and executed at Tyburn two dayes
after : and the young Earl of Warwick on the tower hill 5 for no Other crimfe
but for affefting his liberty 5 for which fad king Hewr^ was much blamed* J500/
After thefe things, y^r^Awr Prince of Wales being now fifteen years old, is
50 betrothed by deputation to the Lady Catherine, daughter to Ferdinand k\t\g of
Spaine, being ofthe age of eighteen years. The next year fhe is joyfully re-
ceived into England^ and married in Pauls Church. Not long after, king James
the fourth of Scotland is affied to the L^dy Alargaret, king Henrys eldeft daugh- » ;; q 1.
ter, and afterward married : by this match, king Henry aimed at the union of
the two Crowns 5 and he knew that if his two foris and their iflue failed, the
Scots king would be drawn into England^zs to the richer and greater kingdom;
which
K^^o The Second Tan of thA\ Book VI.
Jtt.chrjjii. which was bettet then i( England ihonld wait upon a greater kingdome , and
v.xPV^>i>o be commanded by a Deputy. •'-
Prince Arthur about five moneths after his marriage died , to the great grief
of all good men , and was buried in IVjnchJier : his .br6ther Henry Duke of
Tork fucceeded in the Principality o^lVaks^ and was the next year after crea-
ted Earl oiCheJierhy the kidg. The Lady A/^r^4re^,king Henry's eldeft daugh-
'5°^* ter, with a great train of Nobility and Gentry, is fent into -Sfi';/^«c( to king
jf4»w, who meets her. on the Borders, receives her from the Earls of Surrey
andNorthiiMbcrland^ andh married to her in Edinhiirg. After this, the king
to enrich himfelf^nd impoverifh his people, takes advantages. of forfeitures k^
upor] the penal Laws, the chief charge of which bufinelie is committed to Em-'
J 5 o 3. pfon and DK^/^^jlt^q corrupted Lawyers, who by their Catch- poles miferably
polled and puU'd r,he people, fo that no. main. was mafter of his own ^ this im-r
poverifliing of the people was held a good way to keep them from re-
belling. ,. : .. ; i : ■- . ;
1505. Vhiltp Arch Duke of A»jiria going by Sea to take pofleffioii of the King-
dome of Cajiiky fallen to his wife "Jane by the death of her mother, was driven
by ftorms with his Queen into Waymottthty Six Thomas Trenchard entertains
them both at his houfe, and acquaints by pofts King Henry of the Arch-Dukes
arrivall : The king prefently fends to invite them to his Court, being then at 20
Windfor'-y The Prince oS Wales with a great train meets them about five miles
from VVindfor , and, within half a mile, king Henry with his Nobility welcomes
them, with all the;joy and folemnity that could be conceived 5 after fome ftay
at Vhndfor,thc king condufts his Royajl Giiefts to London with all imaginable
magnificence ^ where, after much mirth, the League is renewed , and fo ha-
/; ving parted with much love, FbiUp and hisQyeen embark themfelves for
* 5frf7», where they bpth died not long after. Within awhile king Henry be-
gan to grow weak and fickly, and fo £«?/?/<>« and dW/j' took more liberty to
opprefTe the people then before.. But as the kings time grew (hort, fo he grew
better 5 fot he remitted all offences againft his penal laws, he enlarged pri--^
' ' 507* foners ( except traitours and murtherers) and paid the final debts of thofe that
were in Wards , he gave alfo.inpney to thofe that had been wronged by thefe
two wicked Cormorants i He repented heartily for the wrongs hehadfdone,
and lent money gratff'to divets Merchants. At lafi: he died, having lived two
1508. gj^j j^fty years, and reigned three and twenty, and was buried in his ChappeL
whichhehadereftedat.F/^^/«7.«/^er. •, , ;,;', i
Henry the eighth fu cceeded, at the age of eighteen years i he married Ca-
therine daughter to Ferdinand of Arragon , Prince Arthur his brothers wife , by-
I 5 c 9. difpenfation from Popejnliuf : In the beginning of his Reign, to pleafe the
people,hecaufeth the heads of £»//)/<?» and Dudly to bechoptoffifor their 40
opprefiions , and punifhed inferiour oifenders in that kinde with Stocks and
Pillories. His Wives father Ferdinand oi^ Arragon^ got king Henry to aid him
againft tHe Jiloors^ which he did 5 He helped.alfo Pope lulij^s againft the French
king, who had invaded the Churches Patrimony, and proclaims war againft
him for detaining from him Guy en and Norntandy^and his other lands in France^
For this his aflTiftance of the Pope, both againft the French fword , and Luthers
pen, he obtained the title of De/e«(^e>' of the Faith. Ferdinand aKo his father
in law promifeth to help king Hewry againft Fr^we, if he would land his men
in Jiifca, from whence they might march to Guyen. King Henry accordingly
fends ten thoufind men under Grey Marquefle of Dorjet , who being landed 50
in S//f^/ did no good at all ^ nor had they any aid from ft r.-//>7//«^, whofe in-
tention was onely to furprife Navarre for his own ufe, which he did •-> for ha-
ving raifcd an Army under Duke D' Aha^ which he pretended to joyn with
the Englifli forces, he fuddenly rufheth upon N^^z^jnY, furprifeth rampalona,
and feifeth himfelf a great part of that kingdome : nor did Ferdinand at all
ajfift the Engl ifti as he promifedjbut fu ffered them for foure moneths to perifh
with
CHAP.iy- Hijlory of the ff^orld* 551
with want and ficknefs , fo that the Souldiers returne to England in ^yi-yin.chrifiU
content. U^'V^j
Whilfl things were aded thus by theSfaniard^ the Englifli Admiral Sir ' 5 i 2,
Edxpard HoTvard takes divers French veflels, burns and fpoils Britany in divers
places 5 the Britains dared indeed the Admiral , and he came into the field
with two thoufand and fix hundred men againft ten thoufand j but when they
perceived the EngliQi courage, they ran away. King Henry upon this feads
more aid to his Admiral both of fbips and men j with thefe he encounters the
French fleet : the Regent oi England^ in which were feven hundred fouldiera,
jQ and the great Carrick of Breji wherein were nine hundred, both thefe fhips
being fall: grapled together, were unfortunately burnt and drowned in the fca,
with all that were in them ; the French king increafeth his fleet, andfentit
with all neceflaries into the Haven of ^rt^i?. King Henry alfo inlargeth his
Fleet , with which the EngUp Admiral refolves to fet upon the French at
IBreji^ but as he was entring in , the formoft Ship was fpliited upon a Rock,
which made the refl: forbear to proceed. The Frenchmen upon this fortifie
the Haven, placing in the mouth thereof four and twenty old Flemifi hulks,
which were to be (et on fire when the EngUfi Ships did draw neer them j they
raifed alfo divers Rampires and Bulwarks for their great Ordnance.
20 The Englifi Admiral fearing the Haven was too (hallow for his great Ships, 1513;
entreth into the haibour with oared Barges, and manfully afiailed the three
great Gallies of K/We/, brought thither by a knight called Px'iot John:, but
when the EngliJI) Barges were gone, the French in great numbers rufli into the
Gallies, and with continual frelh fupplies overmafter the Englifi, the greater
part whereof being (lain, the Admiral with a Pike is born over-boord and
drowned, the reft are taken pt'xfoners '^ the Lord Thomas Howard , brother toi
the deceafed Admiral, is put in his place. Talbot Earl of shrenythwy is fent in-
to fr^^ce with eight thoufand men, and S<?«»er/e^ Lord H^r/'er^ with fix thou-
Cind, thefe befiege Tyrpoin 5 (hortly after the king himfelf with eleven thou-
OQ fand comes over and joyns himfelf with the two former bodies, having left
the care of the South part of the kingdome to his Queen, and of the North to
Howard Earl of Surrey^ becaufe of the Scots : At Tyrwyn there were divers fai-
lles of the Frenchxxpoa the Englip, and many skirmilhes, till the French king
came with a great Army to raife the fiege 5 after many bravado's and threats,
the battels joyn with great eagernefs, but at laft the French are beat, many
whereof are flain, many taken prifoners, the reft fled, Tyrwyn is furjrendredj
jitillaged, and burnt down, onely the Bifhops Palace was preferved with the
Cathedral Church ; In this fiege Maximilian the Emperour ferved under king
Henryi
1^0 After this, king Henry befiegeth Tttrnay, which after many (harp alTaults and
skimiilbes, yielded to fubmit arid pay ten thoufand pound to king Henry.
Wolfey the kings Almoner takes of them the Oath of allegiance,and Sir Edward
ToynjHgs is made Governour of the Town, and fo the winter drawing on, king
Henry returns home, mean while the Englifh Admiral vexeth the French both
at fea and land. The Scots, in the abfence of king He«ry, invade England mth
eight thoufand men under the command of the Lord Huv/es king James his
Chamberlain, thele having done much mifchief with fire and fword, are fud-
'denly aflfaulted by Sir William Bulmer and one thou(and Archers,who defeated
them, and fiript them of their booty, being too fecUre arid confiderit. Kin^
50 Jamer'm revenge of this defeat, againft the peace and articles of marriage, en-
ters England mth one hundred thoufand fighting meujand befieged the Caftle
ofNorham^ which he took, the Earl of Surrey being aided by his eldeft fon the
Admiral, marcheth with Cix and twenty thoufand fighting men,among which
were many Lords and Knights, againft the Scots 5 a bloody battel is fought iii
Fhden field, where after a fliarp difpute the Scots are defeated, of whofe army
were flain king JameSj two Bilhops , twelve Earle?, fourteen Lords, twelve
thou-
i^'^z T'he Second ^art of the Book. VI.
>i«.cAr7/Ji*thoufand Gentlemen and common fouldiers j on the UngliJJ) part were killed
WV^V fifteen hundred.
King Hewry to reward the fervice of thofe who had fought for him againfi:
the French and Scots, confers on them divers honours. Thomas Howard Earle
of^wrrej'ismadeDukeof N(?r/i)//^e, andhisfon the Admiral is made Earle of
Surrey. Brandon Vifcount Lyjk'is ftiled Duke o^ Stiff olke- Svmmerfet Lord
Herbert is created Earle of Worcejicr. Stanly is made Lord Monteagle , and
ihofiias Wolfey is Bilhop of Lincoln. About the end of this year the enclofures
near IJlingtorvn are thrown down by the Londoners , as hindring their recrea-
tions. The French under rrior-John land in Suffex in the night time, and lo
^* burn a village there 5 but he is beaten to his gallies, with the lofle of many of
his men, and with a wound in his face 5 to requite this , Sir 'john WaUop from
the Admiral lands in Hormandy with eight hundred men , where he burns
and fpoils one and twenty villages. After this a peace isco" eluded between
France and England^w'oon a match between the French King Lezp^the 12. and
MaryY^\x\% Henries fifter. Hereupon the Duke of Longnevil ^ and the other
French prifoners taken at the battel of Jyrvein^ are releafed , the Lady with a
great train is landed at BttUeign^ where the Dolphin with the French Nobility
receives and brings her to Abuylc^ where (he is married, and (hortly after
crowned at Vark t, but within twelve weeks after the marriage King Lcveii 20
J 5 I 5* dieth , and Queen Mary is brought again into England by the Duke of
Snffolke^ who with the kings confent married her. Francis the firft fuccedbr to
Lervk^ renews the peace with England.
About thefe times, Thomas Wolfey born in Ipfxoich of mean parents , became
the moft potent man in the Kingdome 5 Firft be was the Kings Almoner, then
Biftiop of L;«f^/w, then a Privy-counfellor jatlaft Archbiftiopand Cardinal
of Torke 5 yet not content with all this, he gets the King to take the great Seal
from Canterbury , and to give it him , whereby he became alfo the Chancellor
of England^ fo that now without him no matter of Church or State was man-
, aged. He demands accounts of all officers in the laft wars , and thereby en- 30
I 5 I &• jicheth himfelf, either fliaring with themjOr receiving great bribes from them^
they that had nothing wcrepunifticd; Heerefteth alfo new Courts of Judi-
cature, by which he enriched his coffers : Such was his pride , that he would
not ftiffer Cardinal Campeius the Popes Legat here for England to land, untill
' 5 ' 7« he had fent back to Rome for a new Commiffion , in which Wolfey is made
Campeitis his Collegate '-> fo at laft both the Legats repair to Greenwich , where
the King was •-, before them were carried two filver Crofl'es, two filver Pillars,
two guilded Axes, and two embroidered Cuftiions ^ their meflage is delivered
in an Italian fpeecli to the King, for his aid , with the other Chriftian Princes
againft the Turks:, to this the King required fome time of confideration : then 40
did Wolfey by his Legative authority without the king, erefl: a Court, in
which he vifited all Bilhops and their Dioceffes, inriching himfelf by bribes,
and fequertring for his own ufe the probate of Wills; and fuch was his pride,
that before and after meat when he wafhed , he was attended on by Dukes
andEarles.
The King and Queen , the twelfth year of Hewwj Reign, refolveto pafle
152c. Qygj. jp j^ France^ for which caufe great and rich preparations are made by Sea
and Land s they came at laft with all their train to C<?^7fp.and the French King *
with his Queen and attendance to Ardc. Cardinal Wolfey is fent before with
a large Commiflion to treat about a further peace with king tranch--^ the Lords
and Gentry that attended on Wolfey werecloathed with crimfon velvet , and 50
wore chains of g(;ld, the yeomen and grooms were apparrelled in fcarlet:
when he came to Arde^ the French king-royally entertained him , and having
feen his large Commiffion , gave him the like under the great Seal of France :
Then did both the Kings with their Queen and train meet in the valley of
Artdrea^whcxc they feafted and rejoyced fome dayes togethcr,and then friendly
departed to their own homes , and becaufe there was like to be wars between
the
Ch a p.2.7. Hijlory of the World, ^ ^ ^
the Emperor and French, King Henry being in league with both, mediated for An chrTffr
peace, therefore Commiffioners from thefe three Princes were to meet at V-/'^"V"\J
C///CC5 theCardirial is employed by king Wewry, with the Earle of IVorceJiei- 1 5 2 l;
and fome others in this Commiffion^ he with his Colleagues ride proudly
through LWo», where he is met by the Maior and his brethren, and the
Companies in their feveral Liveries, thence he paflcth in Barges to GravefenJ
and thence to Canterbury , where he is met by the Archbilhop and his Clergy
with a foleinn proceffion ^ from thence he goeth to Dover ^ and fo to Cal^l-
where he meets the other Ambafladors , a conference there was had , but no-
lo thing effefted : IVolfey to fhew his greatnefs, would needs go to the Emperors
Court, carrying with him the great Seal of England^ which no Chancellor be-
fore durfl: do j he is accompanied with four hundred and fixty horfe, being iri
all places inet and faluted by the Gentry. At Bruges he was met about a mile
from the Town by the Emperor himfelf, who highly honoured him, both be-
caufeof his large Commiffion, and of the broad Seal of England which was
carried before him in great ftate^ but the want of the fame in England hindred
the paffing of writs and patents.
AtBruges^the caufes of the war beweenC^/^r and France are difputed at large:
theCardinal makes a witty fpeech commending the excellency of peace, which
20 the Emperor liked well , but withall told the Cardinal, That God had not put
the fword in vain in the Magiftrates hand , but that bv it he was to mantain
• • his hereditary rights againft ufurpers,and regain by violence what by violence
was detained, and therefore hedoubtednot of his Uncle king Hennes help,
feeing all Princes were bound to fupport right,and fupprefie wrong ^ he com-
» plains alfo of the wrongs done by the French to him,in repudiating his daugh-
ter the Lady Atargaret^in detaining from him his Towns and Caftles in Picardy,
in getting treacheroufly from him his wife the Lady Jane the young Dut-
chc{s of tnttany J in mantaininghis rebellious fubjed the Duke of Gelders>
againft him, and laftly his furprifal of the kingdome of Naples from the
30 houfe of Cafiile. The Cardinal could reply but little to what was faid , there-
fore he took his leave, and returns for England ^ where he is welcomed and
feafted by the king.
The proud Cardinal, under colour of the kings aid to C<efar againft France^
grants forthCommiffions under the great Seal of England fox every man to fet ' 5 2 2.
down the true value of his eftate , and to pay four fhillings in the pound j the '52?.
fame fum is alfo demanded of the Clergy : this proceeding was moft diftafte- '524.
ful to all men, as confifting neither with law, nor the peoples liberty, nor with ' 5 2 5^
the welfare of thofe whofe credits exceeded their eftates, befides that thefums
demanded were not payable^notwithftandingff'i?//?;' would not (though ge-
40 nerally petitioned J mitigate this rigor ; and though in Hampjhire Vifcount
X^/^e wrote to the Cardinal the danger that was likely to enfue if there were
no mitigation, feeing the people were ready to rife, yet he received no other
anfwer, but that itftiould coft him his head, for offering to differ from his in-
ftruftions; but at laft when he faw how heavy this burthen was to the people,
new Commiflions are fent out to demand the fixth part of each mans fub-
ftance^ but the people inftead of paying the money curfed the Cardinal: fo
great was tlvediftemper everywhere, and danger o^ infurreftion , that the
king was much grieved thereat, and caufed thefe Commiflions to be recalled,
protefting they were fent abroad without his knowledge, and that he
ijj-^ would require nothing of his people but by way of benevolence.
The Cardinal perceiving how the king had laid all the blame upon him, toi
ingratiate himfelf with the people, he calls the Maior of London with his
brethren before him , to whom he protefted that he had kneeled to the king
to perfwade him to revoke the Commiflion, and to relie on his peoples bene-
volence 5 to this purpofe he diredts his letters to all the Shires, but this policie
could not get the peoples good opinion of him j then Commiflions are made
V V V for
^■^4 l^he Second ^ art of the Book. VI*
^».CAr/^7. for the benevolence J buttheyalfo did not take with the people, fomeplea-
^-OT^J ding poverty , others, that demanding of benevolences was againft their li-
berty, and the ftatute made in the firft year of king Richard the third.
About this time , the Cardinal procures a licence from the Pope to pull
down fome fmal religious houfes , for appropriating their lands and revenews
to two Colledges which he had erefted, the one at Oxford^the other at Ipjvpich:
this gave a hint not long after to king Henry to demolifh all fuch houfes. Then
this bufie-headed Butchers dog (as the people called him ^ took upon him to
reform the kings houfe ; therefore he put out fome of his menial fervants ,
and puts worfe in their rooms : He bellows on the king his Mannor of Hampton lo
Court, for which he hath leave ofthe king to keep his court in his Palace at
Richfffond.The French kingjabout this time, defires in marriage the Lady Marj^
■* 5 /• li^ing Henrfs onely daughter •■, but this motion liked not our States-men , who
forefaw that if king Henry died without ifibe male , France being the greater
kingdome, would make this but an attendant upon that. The Cardinal allb
made a fcruple ofthe lawfulnefle of king Henry's marriage,and it was difputed
at Taris^ whether Mary were legitimatejbeing king Henry's daughter by Cat he-
r/we his brother ^r/Awr/ wife. This doubt the Cardinal firft railed indifplea-
fure to Co: far , becaufe he had not ufed his utmoft power to make him Pope.
Dr. Lw^/,m^Bi(hopofL/«rtf/« and the kings confefTor, told him that he had ^"-^
lived almoft twenty years inceftuoufly with his Queen , and that therefore he
(hould now leave her bed, and repent for this great fin.
The King prefently upon this, imploys the Cardinal in an Embaflie to the
French king, the fubftance whereof was onely known to the king and him 3
at his departure, the king takes his leave of him, as of a familiar friend : when
he rode through London he was attended on by twelve hundred Horfc. At
Calice and Btdloin he is received with great honour, and flattering Pageants are
prefentcd to him at Bulloin : as he rode towards Amiens^ he is met by the Pro-
voftand chief Citizens, and within half a mile by the kinghimfelf, who in
great ftate conduded him to his lodging , on the gates whereof was written 3^
in fair letters Cardin.tlir Tacificus : after much entertainment and divers confe-
rences, a Peace is concluded, and fealed with a feale of gold: of which after-
ward the Cardinal bragged in the Star-chamber, and that he had made an
everlafting peace 5 but the people muttered , that France never kept peace
long with England-^ and that a peace with C<f/4r and the f/e«?/?/^j- (which the
Cardinal kept off) had been better.
1428. The nullity ofthe kings marriage being fmothered a while , is revived a*-
gain, and the king upon this refrains her bed: Vl^olfey procures a Commif-
fion from the Pope, to be direfted to him, and his brother Ctf»//'e/«f 5 that be-
fore them as fupream Judges the matter might be debated; the Commiflion^-®
being granted, ffV//^' acquaints the Queen therewith, who accufeth him as
being chief caufe of thefe troubles J, becaufe the Emperour her Nephew had
not made him Pope , and becaufe fhe had gently told him of his tyranny, co-
vetoufneffe and leachery : The king permits the Queen to choofe her own
Councellours, who named four Dodoors, two ofthe law, to w'xt^ War hant
Archbifhop o'i Canterbury^ and Weji Bilhop off// 5 and two of divinityjnamely,
Fijbcr Eifhop of Rochejkr, and StandiJJ) Biftiop of Afjaph : a ftately Court is
1 5 2 y • ere<fl-cd in the great Hall at Blackcfriars , where were placed two Chairs , and
two great Cufiiions, covered with Cloth of gold; the Legars took their places,
Woljcy the light hand: The King and Queen are cited;, He by his Proftor $©
acknowledgeth the Legats power from the Pope, but the Queen appealed
fi'om them to the Court at Rovte^ which appeal was not allowed: the pro-
ceedings ofthe Gurt were fo tedious, that the King with the Queen came in
perfon , where he defires a quick end , and withall protefts how much he lo-
ved the Queen, and what an excellent wife llie had been to him; but that
now he was troubled in Confcience to keep her company.
At
Chap. 17. Hiftory of the f For Id, '^^^
At Ror,!e, there is a cuftom that all legal proceedings ceafe from the hi\of.^„,Chnlii.
J«/)'tillthefourtliof()£^<?/'er; which the two Cardinals willing to obferve '^•'^"^w'^Nj
relolve to adjourn their Court, at which the king is troubled, and fends the
Dukes of Ni^r/tf/)^ and Sujfnlk^ with other Lords to theLegats fordifpatch of
their fentence, but could not prcvailc, which made .9«^tf//^ cry out in open
Court, That never any Legat or Cardinal did good in England. The king re-
folves to wait till Ociober-^ but underftanding that Camfeuts was bound for
Rom.\ being fent for by the Pope, and that this bulinefle was to be determined
in the Court of Rome^ which would prove both tedious, chargeable, and
10 troublefome : He began to be fenfible of the jugling of thefe two Legats, and
withall to hate Jf flZ/ej , whom of nothing he had raifed to fuch honour and
greatnefl'e. The kings Counfel and Nobility being glad that «^<?//9 was like
to fall, help to further it, by framing articles againft him, for his pride, lyrany,
opprtffion, and fecret correfpondency with the Pope, by which the kings
power was diminifhed ^ therefore they conclude he incurred d pr^mnhire and
forfeiture of all his eftate, and promotions, and liberty to the king ; thefe ar-
ticles were delivered to the king and fubfcribcd, who concealed them for a
whiles then Cam^eius takes his leave of the king at U oodjiock^-^ ff'olfeji is com-
manded by the king to attend him into London, not knowing what had palled;
20 as they M'ere journy'ing from thence to the fea-coaft, by order, Campe/ufhh
Trunks are opened, and fearch made for VVolfefs letters to B.ot»c^ but they
were fent away a day before by the poft.
The Cardinal was indiftcd the next Term in thd kings Bench, upon the Sta-
tute of rr^mmire^hy Hales the kings Atturney; and the Indidment being
found againft him, the Dukes of Ntfr/^/4 and Suffolk^SLXC required to take the
great feal from him, which was beftowed on Sir Thomas Moore-^ then the
Cardinals goods by command are feifed on, and he is confined to Afl)er neer
Kingjinn : then being required to plead to his Indidment, by his Atturney he
confefTedall^ his places are taken from him, and conferred on others^ yet
go the king left to him the Bilhopricks of r<?r/<. and VVinchefier, and fent him alfd
much of his plate and houfhold-ftufFe. And now the king begins to manage
the affairs of the Church and State himfelf , the charge whereof hitherto he
committed to VVolfey.
In Parliament a complaint is made againft the Clergy for exading large
fums as fees for the probate of Wils. 2. For demanding Mortuaries of poorc
houfe- keepers. ^. For becomming Husbandmen, and Grafiers, and Farmers.
4. For keeping Tanning-houfes,for being Grocers,for ingroffing Wool,Cloth,
and other commodities. 5. For enjoying great revenews and benefices, in
which they neither preached nor kept hofpitality. 6. Becaufe fome dunces
MO kept above twelve benefices. This complaint is much oppofed by the BifliopSj
chiefly by RocheJiei\ who told the Lords , that thefe proceedings of the Com-
mons were like thofe of the 5oAe«/;4«-f, which proceeded not Of 'Faith : The
Commons complain to the king againft the Bilhop for counting them Here-
ticks and Infidels ^ the king fends for the Biftibp and accufeth him^ who clears
himfelfthathefpokethatphrafeofthe Bohemians, not of the houfe of Com-
mons. Then (hortly after this debate between the Biftiop and Commons, in
which fome uncivil words were ufed. Articles are preferred againft VVolfy,
which are thefe 5 1. That he got himfelf by finiftrous means to be made the:
Popes Legate,to the kings prejudice in ecclefiaftical things. 2. In writing ftill^
toEi^o&Rcxffteus-^ as ifthe king were his inferiour. 3. For calling the Church
ofEwtrAmir/a reprobate Church, in his letters to the Pope. 4. For carrying be-
yond teas the great feal of the kingdome,without leave. 5. For fending a com-
miffion under the feal, without the king, about making a Peace betwixt his
Majefty and the Duke of f emi>-rf. 6. For prefuming'to come neer the king and
breath upon him, when he had the French Fox. 7. For caufing a Cardinals Hat
to be ftamped on the kings coy n. 8. For inhibiting the kings Clark of the
Vuu 2 Markefe
5 "^6 The Second Van of the Book. VI'
jK.chrifiu Market to execute his office in St. Albans^ being a parcel of his Abbey. 9. For
c<V>J
conveying in fixteen barrels two hundred and forty thoufand pounds to the
Pope 3 befides other fums at other times , and for exacting by his commiffions
infinite fums of money from the people , purpofely to diifturbe the kingdoms
peace ■-, all thefe articles VVolfey confefled, and fubmitted himfelf to the kings
mercy.
The king underftanding that the Emperour and Pope were together at Bo-
nonia^{endi an AmbalTadour to them, to let them know, that it was not out of
any diflike he had of his Queen that he defired a divorce, but becaufe the Pre-
fident of Park and many grave Divines conceive this marriage unlawful! '-, 10
therefore he defires, for fatisfadion of his confcience, that a fpeedy fentence
maypafle. The Emperor faid, he would be fatisfied by the judgment of the
Law in that point. The Pope promifeth an end, when he came to Rome 5 but
he meant no fuch thing : for if he (hould give fentence againft Pope ydtm his
difpenfation , he would make all future difpenfations of no validity , and if
hefhouldgive fentence againft the Queen, he would make C<f/^r his enemy.
King Henry feeing nothing but delayes, imployes the chief Divines o( England
to travel into all Llniverfities to know their opinixjns about this match : thefe
returning, brought twelve Inftruments fealed by fo many Univerfities, all con-
cluding the Kings marriage unlawfull. At this time IVolfeygets leave to live ^*-'
within hisDioceile o^Torl^:, one Cromwell a fervant of his, left him, and got
into the Kings fervice and favour alfo. The King was content, that the Cardi-
nals CoUedge at Ox/vjr^ (called then Kingf-Col/edge, now Chnji-Church) (hould
be endowed with the Lands which were forfeited 5 but he deftroyed his Col-
ledges at Tpfrvich, as being needleflc
The King underftanding that IVolfey had got a Bull from Rome to curfe him,
if he did not reftore him to all his goods and places, caufetha Proclamation
to be publiftied , That all Appeal?, Provifions and Inftruments procured from
Koz^t' againft the Kings power, within one year next before that time, or to
be procured hereafter, to be be void, and the procurers thereofto be punifli-» 3*^
able. Mean while the Cardinal by his Letters animates the Pope and Clergy
againft the King, and they on the other fide encourage him to conftahcie, pro-
mifing his reftoration : U'olfey being puffed up upon this, makes great prepa-
ration for his inftalment in the Archbiftioprick of T/yr^, inviting the Northern
Gentry thither, meaning to feaft them magnificently ^ heerefted his feat in
the Cathedral-church, in height and ftate like a Kings throne. The King un-
derftood of all thefe proceedings, that they were done to affront him '■, there-
fore to prevent his inftalment, a Commiffion is fent to the Earl oil^orthumber-
Lwd to arreft him and commit him to Sheffield -caftle ^ he ftood upon the pri-
vilcdgcof a Pvoman Cardinal , and that he was exempted from the fecular^O
powers yet he was feifed on, and his goods alfo, his Officers were difcharged,
and his Phyfitian fent to the Tower, whither alfo the Cardinal was to be
brought , but that he fell fuddenly fick , upon the fight of the Captain of the
Tower that came to apprehend him 5 he took a ftrong Purge, which in two
nights killed him.
The Clergie being guilty of a Praemunire , by maintaining the Cardinals
Legantine power, paid to the King an hundred thoufand pounds, to prevent
fmther mifchief^ and by a publike Inftrument acknowledged him Supreme
Head of the church of England. SolVolfcyh€m% gone, the Kingcaufeth the
Opinion of the Univerfities to be read openly in his Parliament , and then to 50
be fent to the Qiieen, who for all this will not reiinquifh her Appeale to Rome^
whereupon the King gets her to be divorced, and the Archbifhop to pro-
nounce the marriage null j and then he fals in love with the Lady Anne BuUen^
whom he made Marchionefleof Pe^j/'rw^, and afterward married her.
In this Kings time, on May-day, great outrages were committed upon Mer-
chant-iirangcrs and their goods, by multitudes of unruly Londoners-^ but they
were
CHAP.zy. Hifiory of the TForJd, 557
were quickly fupprefled by the Lord Maior, and divers of them executed, the An.Chrijii,
reft were pardoned by the king who fate then in Guild-hall. 'Jottrnay is deli- L/H^'^ii
vered up to the French by king H^nry for fixty thoufand crowns , which was
difliked by fomc, bccaufe it was a curb to the French, and a n\ii eery for train-
ing the Englilh youth in martial difcipline. Charles^ after the death of Maxi-
»//M»3Comming from .y/'rf/w to receive the Empire J by the way is royally en-
tertained in EttgUnd. King Henry being told by his Privy-counfel, that feme
Gentlemen of his privy-chamber were too familiar and bold with him, the
king thanked them , and left thofe gallants at the Counfels difpofing who re-
jQ moved them , and put wifer men in their room : King Hairy as he returned
from vifiting the French king , by the way gave the Emperor a vifit at Grave-
ling ^ and a peace is concluded between thcfe three Princes. The Duke of
Buckingham being made believe by a Monk that he fhould be King, becaufe he
bragged of it, and feemcd to rejoyce thereat, was arraigned at IVejimhiftcr be-
fore the Duke of N(7r/tf/;^e High-fteward of England^ and was beheaded on
the Tower-hill.
The peace concluded between Englandand France is broken by the French;
I. In fending jfoA« Duke of ^//»^«7 into 5£-(?//i?«t/ to raife new wars. 2. In de-
taining from King Henry the yearly tribute due for Normancly,and Aquitain 8cc,
20 3* By feifing on the Englifti Merchants goods , and committing them to pri-
fon. 4. By fpoiling and taking the Englifh (hips at fea. 5. Ey refuting to pay
to Queen Alary Dowager of France her yearly penfion. 6. And by refufing to
pay the money promifed for To«r»<i^. For thofe wrongs King Hwry prepares
his Navy , which he delivers to the charge of the Earle of Surrey s then he re-
ftrains the French Ambaflador of his liberty , feifeth on the French mens
goods , (except fuch as were DenizensJ and imprifoneth them. The Englifli
Admiral lands fome men in Brittany , whom he condudeth to Morley , and
having beaten open with great (hot the chief gate, enters the Town, rifles
and bums it. Forces alfo are fent to Scotlandto prevent the comming in of the
^ Scots hither. The Admiral having ranfacked divers Towns in France^ returns
with great booty into England, John Duke of Albany by the French kings
procurement raifeth a great Army in Scotland to invade EngUnd-^ againft
them two Armies arc fent , the one under the Earle of Shrewsbury ^ the
other of eight and twenty thoufand under the Lords Rojje ZT\d Dacrcs ^
but thefe Armies onely viewed each other, and fo parted without blows.
Charles ErandonDukeof Suffolk is fent into Fr4«« with thirteen thoufand
men, where he makes great havock, and takes Bell Caftle. From the Emperor
to the Dukes fervice came three thoufand foot and five hundred horfe , with
thefe the Town of Bray is taken by affault , then they pafTe over the river
^o SvM.e into France ^ and do much hurt , but the winter approaching, and the
Duke of Bnrbott who was revolted from the French to the Emperor catne not
with his ten thoufand men as was promifed , as alfo becaufe the Englifh had
not carts as the Eurgundians to carry away their booty , they were refolved to
disband 5 Suffolk^ fends to know the Kings pleafure, who would not aflfent to
their return , but fends the Lord Monntjoy with (ix thoufand men , yet
notwithftanding the fouldiers without the Dukes leave disband them-
felves.
Mean while the Duke of Albany raifeth an Army of eighty thoufand Scots,'
againft whom the Admiral and Treafurer of England march with forty thou-
50 fand, but there was no blow at all given, for the Scots retreated^ then the Scots
Queen,KingH;7;r/ej- eldeft fifl:er,obtains a truce till a peace could be concluded^
^//>rf»j perceiving that the Scots Nobility could not endure that he being a
Frenchman bom , and (next to the king ) inheritor of that Crown , fiiould
have the rule of their king and kingdome, and fearing fome mifchief, fled
fecretly into France--^ upon whofe departure a peace is concluded, and a match
propofcd between the Lvidj Mary king Hcwr^cx daughter, and young king
Jamei
^ 5 S The Second Tan of the Book VI.
An.Chnjii. James of Scotland^ the Emperor alfo fends to have the fame Lady Mary for his
^■''^^^'^'^^'^^^'^ wife, on whom he proffers tobeftovvfor her dowry the Low-countries 5 he
defired alfo that her portion-money might be prefently disburfed for C^^fars
wars 5 and that king Henry would in perfon with a royal Army invade France
which was an enemy to them both ; the king being offended with the Em-
peror for railing the price of his gold within his Provinces , anfwered, That
his daughter was too young to marry. Then the French king fends to have
her for his fon the Dolphin •-, but this motion was croffed by the Duke of Eur^
bonf Army ^ and the Marquefs of rifcary^ who took the French king and his
children prifoners as he lay at the fiege of f /rzvff. About this time king Hewry 10
in his hawking, fell with his head downward into a ditch, which he offered to
leap over, and had been fmothered in the mud, if his foct-man Moody had not
plucked his head out of the mud : Not long after this, the kingbeftows di-
vers honours ; he made his baftard-fon begot on Elizabeth Blunt , Henry Fitz-
roy Earle of Nottinghjf!/-^ Courtney Marquefs of Exeter ^ Brandon Suffolks eldeft
fon by the French Queen Mary his wife, is created Earle of Lincoln--^ Manners
Lord Rojje is made Earle oi Rutland^ with divers others.
Ambafladorsarefent from the Queen Regent of France for concluding a
peace, with the proffer of twenty hundred thoufand crowns for arrearages
of the tributc,whereof fifty thoufand pounds fterlingfhould be paid in hand, 20
aivi fecurity given for the reft 5 they promife alfo to pay Queen Mary her
dowry : upon this a peace is made, and now the King by the means of Thomas
1532. Cromwt.1 (whom of IVolfeys fervant he had made a Baron and Counfellor of
State ) curb by degrees the Popes authority here , in making a law that all
(houldincurapremunire, who appealed to the See of iitf/?/f , and procured
thence any procefie or judgement whatfoever5.the Clergy freely fubmit them-
felves to him in fpiritual affairs , the Pope is utterly deprived of his .Anuates
and firft- fruits^ the lawfulncfs of his marriage with Qiieen Anne is efbblifhedj
and the unlawfulnefs of his former match with Queen Katherine , the Crown
is entailed on him and his iflue 5 to this Aft all fwore except Sh Thomas Moreno o
whodiflikingthe Kings proceedings againft Queen K<i//jm«c and the Pope,
had delivered the great Seal into the Kings hands ^ Dr. Fipcr alfo Bifhop
of Ro^hcjicr refiafed to fwear , and both protefted againft the faid Aft of Par-
liament, for which caufe they both loft their heads. The next year the Kings
fupvemacie is confirmed by Parliament.
The Lord Dacrcs about this time is fufpcfted of treafon , and acquitted,
Fhz-dbeth Burton the holy Maid of Kent with her complices were executed
for confpiring the kings death, under thefliew of devotion. The next year
the kings fupremacie is again confirmed.and the Popes power banifhed 5 firft-
^5 34* fruits alio 5 tenths and benefices, with all Church-dignities are granted to the 40
king. Not long after Queen -(^--^wc and the Lord K^<:/»/^r£/ are beheaded un-
juftly for fufpicion of carnal commerce^ within twenty dayes after hemar-
ricth with ''jane Sir John Seymours daughter, mother to king Edward^ but
^535' fliortly after his birth fire died. TheLordTA^A;/^^ H^ir^zrW is beheaded for mar-
ry ing without the kings con^cvit^Margaret his (irter,and wife firft to king James
the 4. and then to Archibald DouglaJJe ^ by whom fhe had a daughter called
Ma-garet. Two and thirty Commiffioners are named by the king who were
to make Fcclefiaftick laws,and by the fame Parliament all religious houfes not
exceeding; in revenue yearly two hundred pounds , were diflblved and given
to the king h a bock of Articles alfo concerning ^,Church-government is publi- 50
fljed by the Clergy: thcfe proceedings againft the Popes power joccafioned the
LJncohjjhirc inen to rife in a body of twenty thoufand, the king levieth a great
Army , and marcheth againft them ^ they humbly petition that the religious
hoiifcsmay notbedilTolved, nor the old Church-government altered : but
the king would hearken to nothing, except a hundred of their Pving-leaders
were ftni to him to be punifhed .3 upon this every one fufpefting himfelf, they
all
Chap.17- Hiflory of the IVorld, 55^
all forfook the field and went home ^ but Captain CohUr (indeed Dv.Jl/ackarel) An.clmfih
with fomc others were ftiortly after found out and executed. This was no <yY'\i
fooner appeafed, when another Rebellion ftarts up in the North of forty
thoufand men, complaining alfo that the old Religion was changed and
wronged : Againft thefe the Dukes of Horfolk^ and Sufiolh^ are fent with a
great Army 5 but their intended fight was hindred by the fudden fwelling of
a fmall Brook that lay between them,upon a (hower of rain-, which fo wrought
upon the Rebels, that a general Pardon being promifed, they all went peace-
ably home.
10 In Cumberland a third Rebellion breaks out, by 7ilby and Mufgrave^ with I 5 3 6:
eight thoufand men againft the King ^ but they were defeated by the Duke
oi Norfoll^, feventy four of their Commanders are taken and executed. The
Lord Darcji is put to death for a murther 5 the Lord HuJ/cy with divers Knights
andtwoAbbots, and many more, are executed for denying the Kings Supre-
macie, and fo was Fiiar f^/rre/? foi herefie. Divers honours are likewife con-
ferred : Vifcount LeaucLtmp is made Earl of Hartford^ Fitz^-William Earle of
Southampton:, and among the reft. Sir 'I homos Crw/zve/ CounfellorofEftate,
Knight of the Garter, Lord Privy-Seal, Lord Cromrvel^ is made the Kings Vice-
gerent in all Church-nutters , and had the precedencie of the Archbilhop of
'io Canterbury t, and to ft.ew how officious he was, he deftroyed Images and
Shrines, the Begging Friars and Nuns. About this time, the Marquis ly'cFxeter 1537,
Henry Poole, with divert. Gentlemen, for confpiring with Cardinal Poole (now
beyond the feas ) to reeftablifti the Popes authority, are executed, and fo are
divers Abbots and others for denying the Kings fupremacie. Shortly after this
a Rebellion brake out in Irelandby O-Neale^ but is fupprelTed by the Lord Grey
Deputy. The Lord Cromvoell is made Earle of E£ex , by whofe advice the
king quarrels with the Rel igious houfes, pretending their vices and idlenefle,
but indeed aiming at their wealth and revenues , which amounted to more
then two hundred thoufand pounds yearly ^ all this wealth was given by the
go Parliament to the King,who exchanged thefe lands with Noblemen for other
lands.
CromvpeUhzMvag made havock of the Church, perfwades the King to marry
the Lady Anne of Cteve, a good woman, but no wayes lovely, except in her
flattering pidures •-, which made King Henry, after he had been married foure
moneths, to flight her. Hereupon the Clergy, to flatter the King, pronounce
this marriage to be null, becaufeftie con fefled the King could not afford her
that benevolence due from a husband to a wife: The like fentence is pub-
lifhed by the Parliament , and withall , that it was lawful! for him and her to
marry when and whom they pleafed; it was alfoenafted, that whoifoever
40 fpake or wrote to the contrary, fhould be held as traitors. King Henry being
now fiee, within twenty dayes after marrieth Katherine Howard the daughter
of the Lord Howard ):)xox.\\cx to the Duke of Norfolk^: And withall he began to
caft off his favourite Cromwell ^ which his enemies perceiving ; prefer a Bill of
High-treafon againft him, wherein he is accufed of divers things in generally
fo then being by Parliament attainted of Treafon, and of Herefie alio in fup-
porting thcLutheram^e is beheaded with the Lord Hunger ford on the Tower-
hill. About this time alfo Cre^ the Deputy of /re/4«^, for procuring the Irifh
Rebels to enter and make havock within the Engliflipalcj is condemned of
treafon and beheaded.
50 Queen Katherine being accufed for her unchaftc conveffation before her i 5 4 li
marriage with one Francis Dyrham^ and aher with 1 ho was Culpeper-^ the two
Gentlemen fuffer death at^yburm, the Queen, and the Lady Rochford who
brought Culpepcr into the Qjeens chamber, are beheaded. In this Parliament
the King is proclaimed King of Ireland ^ which title his predeceflbis never
alliimed. Then the King married Katherine Parre the Marquis o^Northamptons
fifter, the Lord Latimers wife fbmetimes, who had not efcaped with her head,
had
^6o The Second Tan of the Book VI
AnXhrijii. had king Hcwr^efcaped death. About this time 0»e^/and his Ion repair to the
»-<^""v^ -^ Kings Court 5 fubmiflively confefling their rebellions, for which the King
* 5 4 2- pardons them , and made the father Earle o^Tjrone, and his fonne Lord of
Dnttcatt.
And now the Scotx^ who had been quiet a while, begin to ftir again : there-
fore king Henry fends to king "james 5. his Nephew, that he may do homage
for ST^j^/^iwi/, which was flatly refufed 5 then king Hcw;^ demands fome terri-
tories due to him on the Scots borders, for which he had old evidences to
(hew thefe are rejefted by the Scots commiffioners as fained : then king Henry
delires to meet and confer with king Jrf^«t'^ in friendly manner upon the bor- 10
ders of either kingdome; for this caufeking Hewr^goethtoTor;^, where he
vinderftood king "james would not meet him but by his Commifiioners^where-
upon king Henry leaves Commiffioners there, and returns home. But during
this Treaty, a party of Scots invade the Weftern marches , fpoiling and burn-
ing all before them 5 complaint is made, and fatisfaftion promifcd, but no-
thing performed , neither had the Scots commiffioners futlicient authority
frorn their king to conclude any thing but what was diihonorable to king
Benry : wherefore he is forced to fend an Army of twenty thoufand into Scot~
land under the Duke of Norfolk., who was accompanied M'lth divers other
Earls, Lords, Knights and Gentlemen, who march into ^c^.'/^/Zi^ burning and 20
fpoiling without rcfiftance , and fo return home laden with fpoiles. Upon
this the Scots king raifeth fifteen thoufand men,who invade the weft-marches,
fpoiling the Englifh ground, as the Englifh army had done the Scotifli before :
hut Daars, Mufgrave^ and the Lord Ifharton^ with open forces, and a fecret
ambufli defeated the Scots 5 being in mutiny among themfelves, there wete
taken prifoners the Earls of Cajjdsund Gkncarn^ the Lords Jlfaxn>el^ Fleming,
and others, with two hundred Gentlemen and eight hundred common foul-
diers, w ith 24 pteces of ordnance, and four carts laden with fpears 5 four and
twenty of the chief prifoners arefent to the Tower, and twodayes after dif-
perfed and committed to the charge of divers Lords and Gentlemen. This 20
overthrow (o much vexed king 'james, that he died with grief a few weeks
after, leaving behind him one daughter Queen il/^rr^, newly born. Upon his
death, a motion is made for a match between king Henries onely fon, and this
king ^rfWtv his onely daughter 5 the Scots prifoners promife their beftaffifl-
ance for the furtherance thereof, for which caufe kingf/ewrj fetthem all at
liberty without ranfom.e, and befides beftowed on them divers rich gifts.
J I- . 2_ Mean while the Englifh and French Merchants fpoile each other at fea 5
complaints are made, but no redreffe, wherefore king Henry tranfports an
Englifh army into trance^ which being landed befiege the Town of LanJerfeyj
upon this the French king comes with a flrong army, raifeth the (lege, relieves 40
the town, and in the night-time (being notwilling to fight) they Ueale away
into their own countries, and the Englifti return home.
The match between Prince Edward and the Infant-Queen Mary o£ Scot-
land^ is concluded in their Parliament, and ratified by the feals and oaths of
the Nobility :, for that purpofe the Queen fhould have been fent into England.
But fliortly after, the French king by cunning plots alienated the Scots from
that match : fo that king Hewry is forced to make unwonted preparations a-
gainft both kingdoms^ he firft then fends a mighty Army againft ^c^f/^W by
fea in two hundred (hips under Lijle the Admiral, and by land under the Earl
o^Hiirtjord: The fleet having landed all the men, they feife in the Firth $0
on many (hipsi then ihev befiege Lieth^ and being a while refifted by fixe
thoufand Scotifh horfe, they took the Town andplundred it: thence they
march towards Ec'.iithiirgh , where theProvoft and chief Citizens met them,
who delivered to the Earl oiHartfordthe City-keyes, conditionally he would
prtferve it from fire, and fuffer the fouldicrs to depart with their baggage out
of the town: Hartford the Generallanfv/ers them, That their Nobility by
falfifying
Chap.iS. Hifiory of the JVorld, 561
falfifying their oath had drawn thefe Armies on them 5 if the fouldicrs :\nd yJn.chriJii,
inhabitants would come difarmed into the Held, and yeeld their lives and ^— ''"V'^nj
goods to him, he would do as he thought good, otherwayes they muft exped
all extremity:, the Citizens upon this return difcontented^with a refolution to
relift, which they did^till the gates and walls were battered , the Englifli enter
the Town, a part whereof they burned, and plundered the reft : meanwhile
fourthoufand Englifh horfe more are fent by king Hcwry, great fpoils and
booties are carried away by fea into £«^/.rK£:/ 5 Holy-roods^ Lath, Eaddwgton^
with divers other places thereabout are defaced. Then King Henry fends two
jQ ftrong Armies into France, the one under the Dukeof N^r/^Mf, which befieged
the Town JlJuttrel, but after much lofle of time, were fain in the end to leave
it 5 The other under the the Duke of 5;/jf^/Ae, who befieged 5«//m^« ; to this
liege King Hewr)/ him felf came ^ who fo battered the walls ^ that the Town
was fain to yeeld, conditionally the inhabitants may depart with bag and
baggage, which was granted ; there came out fixty feven horfe, one thoufand
five hundred fixty three foot, eight hundred Gunners, eighty feven hurt
men, befides multitudes of others, the whole number was four thoufand four-
hundred forty four fouls.
Whilft King Hewry is thus employed in France^ C£far underhand makes a
^ peace with the French, whereat King HcTrry was much troubled, therefore
leaving order for repairing the Town and Caftle, he difmifleth his Army, and
returns into England^ where becaufe of his daily wars he demands a benevo-
lence of all his fubjefts, which was granted , onely Alderman iie<?(5^ refufed,
therefore was forced to fervc the King in perfon againft the Scots , by whom
he was taken prifoner, and at laft ranfomed 5 after King Henry was gone , the
Dolphin in a dark night fuddeniy furprifed Bafe-BuUoign , but was fain to quit
it again , being beat out by thofe of the upper Town ; ftiortly after Monfieur
de Bees came with fifteen thoufand men to ered a Fort before the Town , but
Hartford, Ujle and Gray put them to flight , and forced them to leave behinde
«Q their ordnance, tents, and other provifions : The French king to be revenged,
fends in a fleet of two hundred {hips , and feven and twenty gallies, with fixty i 545;
thoufand men, which caft anchor before the Ille of fVight ; but as the Englifli
fleet pafled out of the harbour of Vortftnouth, the Mary-rofe one of the Kings
beft (hips,with Sir George Carerc, and above four hundred men in her , were all
fuddeniy funk under water, by reafon the ordnance were left untrigged, and
the under port-holes open , fo that when the (hip turned the ordnance ran
back to one fide, and bare the port-holes under water. The French Admiral
hearing of King Henries preparation, hoifed anchors, and returns into France
without afting any thing. Whilft the King is abfent in Fr<r«ce, the Scots in-
vade England, making havock of all before them : the Earle of Hartford with
twelve thoufand men , in requital , commits the like outrages upon the Sicots
territories^ L//7e the High- Admiral lands within the haven oi treport , the
Suburbs of which he burned , with fome other places thereabouts. After all
this ftir, at laft a peace is concluded between E«^/^»^ and fz-^wre, BuUoignxs
reftored for eight hundred thoufand crowns : but the Duke o^Norfolke, with ^54"°
hisfontheEarlof ^arrej, after many brave fervices done by them, are fud-
deniy apprehended and fent to the Tower,becaufe they bare in their Efcuchen
certain Arms which were pretended onely to belong to the Ring and Prince,
which Arms notwithftanding their Anceftors had born timeout of minde
without controlment 5 for this fole caufe the Earle loft his head, but the Duke
50 his father efcaped this fate by the Kings death.
When the King perceived that his ficknefs was incurable , hecaufed the
Gray-friars Church of London to be opened again after he had fupprefled it,
and tobemadeaParifti-Church, the revenues whereof he gave to the City
towards the relief of their poor , and withall gave five hundred marks yearly
of lands towards the maintenance of the Div ine-fervice , and reparations of
X X X the
'^6z The Second Van of the Book. VI.
An.Chrifti. the Church : he ordained his children to fucceed each other, if iffue failed ,
^'^'"''^''^^ he ordained a thoufand marks for the poor, and twelve pence a day for twelve
poorRnightsat W^V»<s(/or, with a white-cloth Gown yearly, an embroidered
Garter, with S. Oeorge his Crofle, and a mantle of red-cloth to be worn there-
on 5 fo having reigned feven and thirty years and nine months, he died in the
fix and fiftieth year of his life 3 he had fix wives, i. Queen Katherine king
TerdiuandsAviXx^tex oi^ Spain. 2. Queen Anne the daughter of Sir ihouias
Bnllen Earle of Wiltfiire. 5. Queen "^ane Sir jf^A>« Seymours daughter. 4. Queen
^»»e fifter to the Duke of C/ew. 5. 2C^*A<?r/»e daughter to E^/««i^, and neece
to 7 ^tfw^HoR'drij/ his brother Duke of N<7r/tf/;^. 6. Katherine daughter to Sir 10
"Ihofiias Tarre of Kendal^ and fifter to William Tarre Marquefs of Northampton 5
by his firft wife he had two fons that died young , and Queen Mary 5 by his
fecond Queen Eliz.abethhy\\\st\\\xA¥iva%Edvpard^ and by Elizabeth Blnnt he
had a baftard called Henry Fitz-roy^ whom he made Earle of Nottingham^
Duke of Richmond and Sommerfet^ Lord Warden of the Marches againft Scot-
land^ and Lieuten ant-General of the North oi England. He was a Prince more
eminent for his vices, thenvertues, for he was counted ambitious in afFef^ing
the title of Spiritual fupremacie ; covetous, in appropriating the revenews of
religious houfes to his own ufes, and extraordinary exaftions from the peopk,
he was alfo prodigal , in wafting fo great a treafure as was left him fo quickly ^^
and needleflely 5 He was likewile cruel in condemning two Cardinals, in put-
ting to death two Queens, twelve Dukcs,Marquefles, Earls, ajid Earls fons, 18.
Barons and Knights, feventy faven Abbots, Priors, Monks and Priefts, and of
the common fort huge miiltitudes :, hisluftand wantonnefs, his wavering in
Religionjhis revengeful and impotent difpofition,were too emiiient in him.
Chap. XXVIII.
T^e^j^viir/f*/ Scotland under King]2ims% the 3. and King James the /^. from 3^
theyearii!^6o. till the year 1513.
Klng']amesthc7. being flain in the camp , his fon being nine years old
fuccecded,by name^4wejthe3. There was much contefting between
the Queen-mother and her party , with Angus and the reft of the No-
bility, who (hould have the government of the young King and Kingdome5
a Parliament is called, and arguments alleadgcd on both fides 5 the Queen
pleads the right of a mother , the Lords the ancient cuftomes of the King-
dome. At laft to prevent all animofities which were like to arife, it is ordered
that two able men of each faftion ftiould be named to govern the King and 4-®
Kingdome during the minority of King James : of the Queens fide were
cholen Grame and Boyde, who was then Chancellor 5 of the other party, Robert
Earl o{Ork.ney, and John Kennedy^ to thefe were added two Bifliops, 'of Glafco
and Dunkelh to the Queen was permitted the tuition of her fon,but (he was not
to meddle with the affairs of State 5 (he had alfo leave to educate her other
children, to wit, the Duke of Albain, andtheEarleofil</4rr, with the two
young Ladies. Things at home being thus compofed,the Englifti Ambafladors
who came to make peace, had audience, and a peace for fifteen years is con-
cluded, the next year the Kings mother died, Alexander the Rings brother
ia.6z. i^tturning from France is taken by the Englifh , but releafed again upon the $0
Scots complaint of the breach of peace.
Scotland continued not long quiet ^ fox Donald Lord of the Ifles, hearing
the Ring was dead, caufed himfelftobe proclaimed king of the Ifles, threat-
ning death to all that (hould acknowledge any other King t^iere: being invited
by the Captain oflnnernefe-CMe to a feaft., he feifed on the Caftle, and thruft
out the garrilbn 5 then having gathered an Ajmy of malecontents and loofe
perfons
Chap.iS. Bijioryofthelf^orld, 5(^3
perfons, hcflillsupon^/^^?/, and feifcthonthe Earl and liiswifc, who hud. An. chrijit.
taken fanftuary in S.F?v_^efj- Churchy but D<?».zW violates the Sanctuary, carries V^'Vs-
away the Earle, his wife,and many others^with all their wealth^which tor fecu-
rity was laid up there, and then fets fire on the Church, and killed divers of the
Priefts for making refiftance : but as he was returning home by water with his
' facrilegious booty , a fudden ftorm funk mofV of his vcHels, and he narrowly
efcaped with his life, and after that time till his death continued mad ^ thus
God ufeth to reward facrilege. Many of his followers being touched iii
con fcience, went barc^footed, and in white flieets toS. Brigets Church,ofFering
J. gifts for their attonement. At Court Robert Boyd a potent man, and great
with the young Kingjto whofecounfels he too much hearkened^by his brother
Alexander Boyd advifeth the King to (hake otF his governours j and to manage
the kingdome himfelf; Kennedy a grave man,and one of the kings governoursj
for adviling the king the contrary , and for offering to ftop him from hunting
at an unfeafonable time, is abufed by this Alexander^ who with his bow which
he had then in his hand broke Kennedys head, thiscaufed a great fewd be-
tween thefe families, to the diffurbance of the whole kingdome : fhortly ^ A°^'
after Kennedy died to the great grief of all good men , for in his life and do-
ftrine he was exemplary and powerful , he had been a great benefadlor to the
^ Univerfity of St. Andrervs : Fatrick^ Grcune is in his ftead elefted Bifhop by the
Canons, who repairs to Kome^ox confirmation, which was a while hjndred by
the Archbifhop ( »f 'iork§^ claiming a power over the Scots. Bifhops , but at lafl
it is decreed at Kome that Gramc fhould be Primate of Scotland^ and the Popes
Legat alfo for three years, that the Prieffs might be reformed, andChurch-
difcipline effablifhed , yciGramc durft notrctufn home folong as the Boyds
Continued in their greatnefs , which came to that height , that Robert Boyd
the elder was made Viceroy by the king during his minority , his fon alfo
Thomas is honoured with the marriage of the kings eldeft iifter, which
brought much envy upon Boydznd his family , for the people began to repine
i,Q at his greatnefs, and to afcribc all the diftempers of the Kingdom to Boyds
mifgovernment, thefe coals were blown by the Kennedies.
Mean while Ambafladors are fent to Denmark, for a match between the
young King and the D<««ef daughter, with inftruftions for removing the old
controverfie between the two Kings about the Iflands of Orkney and Shetland,
the chief Ambaflador was Andrew Stewart ChznccWot b£ Scotland, who fends
word to King "James that the match was concluded , and thefe Hlands given
to him for his wifes dowry , fo that the Dane upon this parted with all his
right ; Thomas the fon of Robert Boyd, and Earle of Arran^ is fent with a great
train of Nobility and Gentry to bring homethe new Queen 5 in the interim
the Kennedies begin to work upon the kings affeftions, and to draw him from
the Boyds, againft whofe infolent government the people did much complain;
the tims was fit for their purpofe, T/j(;«?^ being abfent longer then was ex-
pefted, becaufe of the winter which makes the Northern feas undavigabie,
• and the two elder Boyds by reafon of infirmities, were not able to frequent the j , 5 ^ .
Courtas they were wont ; for this end a Parliament is called at Edinburgh to ^ ^'
w\\\chthe two Boyds Robert anA Alexander are (nvnynonedi,, Robert out of his
guilt, and perceiving the kings minde was alienated , and that his enemies
were grown very powerful^ fled into England^ his brother Alexander not being
able to flie,becaufe fickly,appears5it was there objefted that he and his brother
had by their own private motion made the king come to Edinburgh from
50 Sterling againft the will of his governours, he replied, that they bad the kings
pardon under the broad Seal, and defired alfo the Records might be fearched,
which was denied him, and fo having received the fcntence of condemnation
for abufing the young kings authority , is beheaded ; Robert a few years after
died with grief at Anrvick^ in England :> his fon Thomas though now employed
upon publikc fcrvicCjis before being heard proclaimed traitor, andhiseftare
qDrilifcated. Xxx 2 The
5<^4 The Second ^ art of the Book.VI*
An.chrifti. The next Spring the young Queen arrives with the Danilh fleet. Thomas
"^"^^r^^ J^'^y^ underftanding by hi'S wife who met him on the (hore , the calamity that
^^ ' had befallen his family, the alienation of the Kings minde, and the
power of his adverfariest, though fome of his friends would have had him re-
pair to the King, from whom in this publike joy he might obtain pardon , yet
durft not venture, therefore fails back again into Denmarke , from thence he
travels through Gcrmxny into France , and from thence he goeth to Charles
Duke of Bttr gundy ^ whom he ferved in his wars, and was highly honoured by
him : the King fends into Flanders to his fifter Boyds wife, to come home,upon
hopes that Ihe might fo far prevail with her brother as that he may again re- lo
ceive her husband into favour , but when Cbe was come, the King endeavours
to make a divorce, which w as effefted upon the not-appearing of her husband
within fixty dayes after his citations, fo the marriage is diflblvedjand ihe forced
to marry to another husband, '^amcs Hamilton^hr inferiour in birth and wealth
to the former, her child ten alfo are called home by the king ^ mean while he
dieth with grief at AnUverp , and is honourably buried theie by Duke Charles
o^EurgiindySo that family of the Foyds in a few years flourifhed and faded^and
they that overthrew it , were in hopes that things both in Court and Country
would have mended, but it fell out otherwayes, for the king gave himfelf alto-
gether to his pleafures,and his Courtiers to tap'-ne and oppreffion-iamong other '^^
abufes there crept in one in choofing of Bilhops , whereas hitherto ttiey were
elefted by the Prebends and Canons, the covetous and facrilegious Courtiers
never left, tillthey got the king to affume that power to himlelf, perfwading
him that by thefe means his power would he fo much the greater, not onely
in punifhingof vice, but alfo in rewarding of vertueand learning, whereas it
cametopafle that now Church-dignities by the Courtiers were ordinarily
fold.
1472. Oraffieihe ATchb\{hop being now at 2?.tf/«? , and hearing of the great abufes
crept intothe Church of Sr^j/A/W, refolves to come home, and fends before
him the Popes Bull for being Legate which procured to him much envy, 3^
chiefly by thofe who had made or might make benefit by the falc of Church-
preferments, fearing th'sgain would be puHcd from themi therefore they
confpiret^gtther, and complain to the king, that by Gramcs power from the
Pope, the priviledpes of the Church of sYtfA/jwi vi^ere infringed, and that the
4ting himfelf ftiould be brought into fubjedion : Upon this,meirengers are feat
to G^amc^ not to meddle with his funftion , untill the king had received fatis-
fiiftion about fome complaints exhibited againft him^ who was therefore
fummoned by fuch a day to appear in E(^7»i;/r?/j:, who being come, and ha-
ving produced his Patents for the Arch-bilhoprick oi St. Andrews ^ and Pri«
macy oiscotland^ and for being the Popes Legate to reform the Church abu- ^^
feSjhis adverfaries appeal to the Pope, during which time the king forbids him
to meddle with the Arch-bifhoprick : mean while his enemies got one Sevefs^
who had fludied Aftrologie at L<)'j,«7,to be made Arch-deacon of St. Andrews^
whom the Eifhop would not admit •-, hereupon he combines with the Redor ■
of the Univcrfity to excommunicate the Arch-bilhop, which he flighting, was
by the king inhibited from medling with any Church within his Diocefle, and
all his goods are confifcated ^ beddes, the Popes A uditors fend out an Excom-
munication agaiuft him, for non-payment of his Fees in the Court of ilow , for
hisPattentsorEuls ; then they made him abjure his Biflioprick, andimpri-
foned him in a Cloyfter within a remote Ifland or rock rather, called Mmona , 50
Three years after, he is tranflated to Dumfermlin caftle, and from thence to
Lake L<j;;/;;/<7//<5/, where he died of grief: thus was that good man perfecuted
for his pious intentions.
147^' About this time , the Lord of the Ifies underflanding of great preparations
making againft him both by fea and land, comes humbly to the Court, ac-
knowledgeth his faults, and is pardoned : Ondy Ro£c,Kjntyr^ znd Knafdale
are
Cfl\p.zS= Hiflory of the World, ^6%
are taken from hiiro the command of the Iflesis left to him. This year the >^«.C/jr//??"»
peace is renewed again with England, which was like to break out into an l-/"V%J
open war:, becaufetheEnglifh had feifcdon agreat fhip whicli was built by
Kennedy^ being driven in by ftorms : King Edward gave order , that the value
of the goods taken fliould be eftimated, and fatisfaftion made. The king was
much addided to the ftudy of Aftrologie ^ therefore underftanding by the
Scots Merchants in Flanders^ .of one Andnre a Phyfitian and Mathematician,
who had foretold the Duke of HHrgundies death , he fends for him, and pre-
fers him in his Court : by him he underftood of his own danger , and how the
JO Lion fhould be killed by his own Whelps 5 wherefore he became very tyrani-
caljfufpecling every man that was neer him : ^e was jealous of his Lords alio,
and therefore conferred honours on mean men , which angered the Nobility.
The kings younger brother jftf/j«, forfpeaking too freely againft the corrup-
tions of the Court, is imprifoned, condemned, and by the opening of a Vein is
forced to bleed to deaths It was given out that he had confulted with Witches
againft the King , and that it might appear the more probable^twelve Witches
are condemned and burned : The other brother Alexander upon fufpition
alfo is imprifoned in £i^/«W^/)Caftle!| but behaving feafted his keepers and
made them drunk, efcaped with his man by his fheets, which he faftned to the
20 bars of the Window^ his man broke his leg in the fall, fothat hismafter was
fain for a mile to carry him on hislhoulders, fo having a bark ready, and a fair
winde, they fet faile to Dumbar Caftle, which he fortified, and from thence to
France.
Not long after this an Ambafladour comes from king Edwar4 o( England to
renew the peace, and to conclude a match between his daughter and king
JaKKs his fon, when they (hould be both of years 5 but this correfpondency
held not long, for the borderers made divers incurfions upon each other , Be-
fides5D<^«^/<?^eanoldexile,and ^/ex'/?«<i?rthe kings brother^ lately being retur-
ned from France into England,h\ew the coals of fedition : King Levpif alfo fends
20 into Scolland^to roufe up their drooping fpirits againft the EngliJI)^ who under
Glocefler were preparing an Arihy : but the ScottiJI? Nobility being more d'lf-
contended with the mifgovernment of their own king, then with the Englifh
preparations, affemble, and are by ArchbaldDougtaj[JeEzr\ of Angus animated
firft to reform the abufes of the Court before they invade England--, For he lets
them fee, how careleffe the king was in his Government , how much addidt-
ed to Magick and unlawfull ftudies^ how the chief officers at Court were mean
men, how the Nobility was IJigh ted, how the kings own brothers wercufed,
the one being murthered, and the other banilbed, and now by the Englifli em-
ployed in the head of an Army againft them :, therefore he wifheth them to .
4,0 confider how much more dangerous a domeftick enemy was then a forreign,
and what condition they now were in under fuch governours , whofe avarice
(^faith he ) is neither fatisfied with our wealth , nor their cruelty with our
blood : Upon this a great tumult arofe in the AfTembly , and a refolution to
break in upon the king and his guard , but that motion was difliked, for fear
the kings perfon might be endangered , who hearing of an aflembly of Lords
in the Church near the Court, fends C<7r/)er;?K one of his Court-officers to fee
what the matter was j as he was comming , Donglajje apprehends him by his
gold-chain which hung about his neck,and delivered him to be fecuredi mean
\N\\\\e DoHglalJe with fome officers of his Army breaks into the kings bed-
50 chamber, and there prefently apprehends all fuch fervants that were there, or
within the Court-walls, whom the fouldiers fufFered not to come to a
triall , but prefently hanged them up in their horfe-bridles for want of
ropes.
Whilft thefe things were thus ading, the Duke of Gloccjier enters Scotland
with his Army , and demands reftitution of the portion-money which was
disburfed by the king of England upon hopes of the matchjand the furrender
of
10
20
^<5^ The Second Tan of the Book VI.
AnjChrijcj. of £.inv/(rA.Caftle5 It wasanfwered, That the children were not fit for mar-
^.^o^'s^"^ riage , nor was the day of repayment of that money come 5 as for Barwick,^t\\c
Englilh (hould have it,if they could take it. Mean whilejy^j-^/ZejWiththe Chan-
cellor andtwoBifliopSjofSt. ^«i^rejyjandDK/;//'/i/7», fendto Alexander then
in the Englifti Camp to return homCj and to enjoy his eftate, which in the next
Parliament fhould be eftablifhed on him. Thisbufineffe he imparts to Gloce-
//er, who kindly difmiileth him, who being returned home, a Parliament is
called in which he is made governour of the kingdome^ and becaufe the
1482. State oi Scotland was then unfetled , it was held dangerous to make war with
England!) therefore they refolve to deliver ?>arvpic\^ after one and twenty
years poflefiion, to the Englilh. King Edipard fearing left the Scots iliould
disinherit their kings Pofterity, with whom they were highly offended, fends
to Scotland to difannul the match between the two young Princes ; and to de-
mand back the portion-money ■■, which at a day appointed, was repaid.
Alexander^ out of his affeftion totheking his brother, fets him at liberty
out of £<^/«/'«'"5/-'-Cafl:le , and reftores to him the government : But the king
being more mindful of old injuries^then of new courtefies, intends to difpatch
his brother, being thereto animated by his enemies, who accufed his popu-
larity and affeftation of the kingdome : therefore by the advice of his friends,
he flies into England^ and delivers up Dumbar CalHe to king Edward. Where-
upon he is condemned of treafon, for fending underhand meffengers thither,
for going thither himfelf without leave, and for combining with theking
of i^»^ wwuagainft his native Country. Vl'illiamCnchton alfohis chief Coun-
fellorand Abbettor is profcribed,andhisell:ate confifcated ; after this, ^/ex-
andcr and Douglajje with five hundred Englifii horfe fals upon a party oiScots^
' 4 ° 4- -v^y^Q defeated them , and took DonglaJJe prifoner ; Alexander efcaped again.
TheEarle of /l/^/w/^w^having got the crown oi England^ makes a progrcfle to
Newcajile, whence he fends Ambafladours to Edinburgh to conclude a lafting
peace, or truce for fome years : King James returns anfwer,that the Scots being
a warlike people, would not hearken to any long peace ••, yet he would pre- 3°
vailefofar, as to procure a Truce for fevcn years ^ which was accordingly
effefted, and fo king Hcwr/ returns Southward. Not long after , the king loft
his Qjeen at home, and his brother in France^which two kept him in fome aw;
but now they being gone, he returned to his old wayes , in flighting the No-
bility, in pillaging of the people, infilling places of truft with new upffarts:
Among the reft, was one Jtf/j«it./w/t;', whom he made fteward of hishoufej
this man fearing the Nobility, which was beginning to raife arms,caufeth a
proclamation to be made, that none neer the Court fhould bear arms , except
Rwtfcy and his followers s which incenfed the Lords fo much the more againft
him: the king in the interim ftudieth by all means to fuppreffe the Lords. ^"
Therefore one day he openeth his minde to Ge^T^e Earl oi Angus ^ telling him
that he meant fuddenly to feife upon, and cut off the chief Lords and heads of
this faftion : the Earl diffwades him from this, as being diflionourable , to cut
off trcacherouUy fo many great perfonages , being reconciled to the king,and
having the publique-faith 5 but his better way were to arreft them openly,
one after another, that they may in open Court plead for themfelves. The
king being fatis.fied with this advice, difmiflcth the Earl, who prefently ac-
quaints the other Lords with the kings intention : Upon this, they take armsi
the king finding his own danger, takes (hipping, and gets over to Fife fide,
where he raifeth an army out of the Northern parts: The Lords feife upon 50
the young Prince , whom they make the head oftheir army : the king, in the
interim, fends to the French and Engl/fi kings for aide againft his rebellious
Lords, iKwing the like danger may befal themfelves^He fends alfo to PopeF«-
genuts the eighth , that he by his Apoftolical authority would command them
to (bey their king:;, but the Lords who knew of all thefe meffages, haften to
fight the king before either forrcign aide or Ambafladours fhould come , the
king
Chap.28. Htflory of the World. ^6j
King contained himfelf in EdinhMrgh-CaMe^ iii\ his Northern forces wereAii.chrJfih
come 5 but upon the perfwafions of fomCghe was content to remove thence to U^/S«i
Sterling Caftle hoping there to be more fecure and nearer his forces, but when
he came thither, the governour being made by the adverfefadion, denied the
King entrance, wherefore not knowing whither to flie, and being followed
clofe by the enemy, he was forced to fight with fuch forces as he then had'
which being defeated, and the king having his horfe flain under him,fied into
a water-mill near Sterling^ hoping from thence to efcape byfoinefhips that
lay near the place, but he was purfued fo eagerly, that he and fuch as fled with 148^;
jQ him thither were (lain ^ this death of the king was adjudged juft in the next
enfuing Parliament : he died the eight and twentieth year of his reign, and of
his age the five and thirthieth.
ToJ^?;?»e-f the^. fucceeded his foil '^amenhcOf. being fifteen years old; d
parliament is called,at which few were prcfent except thofe that had a hand
in the kings death ^ the beft of the kings (hips held out againftthe new king,
Edinburgh-C^iWe isfummonedto furrender to the young king which it did,
and fo likewife did ^^er//>/^-Caftle , many grumbled at the kings death, com-
plaining that things were not thereby bettered s but worfted , for the young
king did not command , but was commanded by thofe who had a hand in his
20 fathers death : mean while the Englifh took occafion by thefe inteftine broiles
of Scotland to invade the kingdome 5 the young king labours to reconcile the
Sea-men, left they might caufe troubles in his abfence, therefore he wins with
fair promifes Andrew IVood an expert Sea-captain , who had the command of
two men of Warre, with which he furprifeth five Englifh (hips before Dnmhar
and brings them all to Lieth-^ mean while the adverfe fadion cries out, that the
kingdome was abufed by a company of traitors , who had murthered one
king, and kept the other as a prifoner j -wxth^W Alexander hovd Forbes ^ chief
of that family , carried about the ftreets of ^^er«/e«e , and fome other chief
Towns, the kings bloody fhirt, exhorting all good people to take Arms , and
2Q to revenge the kings death ^ Matthew Steivart alfo Earl of Lenox endeavoured
to raife what forces he could in the Southern parts : in the interim the Englifti
were mad that five of their beft {hips (hould be thus furprifed by two Scots-
men of war, therefore they furniftiSfez>ea£«Z^with a fleet, promifinga great
reward if he could bring Andrew PVooddiezd or alive. Bull watcheth his oppor-
tunity, and fets upon fFtf(?^j- fleet fur ioufly, they fought fo long till the night
parted them 5 the next morning they fell to it again with fuch eagcrnefs, that ,
they perceived not the tide fail them , wherefore the EngHfli ftiips being of a 149 0'-
greater bulk were forced to yeeld, being ftuck on the fand^ Bull with the other
Englifti Sea-captains are brought by Woodto the king , who reftores both the
^o Captains and Ships to king Henry of England^ who took this very kindly, and
returns great thanks to king James.
About this time a ftrange monfter was born in Scotland^ which beneath the
navel was one body , but above two diftinft bodies, having different fenfes,
fouls and wills, any hurt beneath the navel is equally felt by both bodies
above, but if any of the upper members were hurtjOne of the bodies onely felt
the pain : this monfter the king caufed tobeinftrudedinMufickand divers
languages, one of the bodies died fome dayes before the other , which alfo
fhortly after pined and confumed away,it lived eight and twenty years. A Par-
liament is held in Edinburgh^ there all differences are compofedj an Aft of ob-
50 livion paffed, and friendfhip between the great families confirmed by mutual
marriages, fo that after great ftorms follow halcionian dayes : and that the
King may teftifie to the world , how his father Vv^as killed without his confent
and knowledge , he wore an iron chain inftead of a girdle fo long as he lived,^
to which every year he added a linkeor ring. About this time /^F^rAec^ the
counterfeit Duke o( Tor/{ comes'mto Scotland ^ infinuates himfelf into the
Kings favour,obtains in riiarriage the Earle of Huntlfs daughte4-,and an Army
agai'nfif
"^58 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Cbrijii. againft England^ by which all I^orthimberlandis wafted and fpoiledj and great
v.<^^^-V"SX^ booties are carried into Scotland 5 this wrong king Hetrrj/ meant to repay , but
that he was retarded by t he Cornifti rebellion^ after this the Scots invade £«^-
/rf«^ again, but are hindered from doing any great hurt by Fox the Bifhop of
Durham, and the E. of Sitrrey who enter Scotlattd^Si. having burned fome places,
return home. In the interim anAmbaflador comes intoF«^^/^w<^from fcrdhtand
and ifabella of Spain about the marriage of Katherine with Prince Arthur-^ the
fame alfo is fcnt into Scotland to negotiate for a peace with England-^ the Am-
1497. baflador with Bifhop Fox^ could not draw the Scots Commiffioners to deliver
up H'arbeckjto King Henrji^ for King James did not think it could ftand with his ' o
honour to ex pofe to the enemy an humble fuppliant who had caft himfelf
upon his proteftion,who was of the Royal blood,and affianced to him, having
pafled his word and faith to the contrary, yea a truce for fome months is
made , that U'arheck niight in that tim.e Ihift for himfelf as King James advifed
him to do.
IVarbcckht'vag gone , a peace is concluded , which was like to break oft a-
gain, upon a quarrel between fome of the borderers ■, but upon complaint
made by the 5^^//, fatisfaftion is promifed by king Henry. The Biftiop of
Durham is fent intoScotland^ who there advifeth with king J^^/ej about his
* marriage with king Henry's daughter , which three yearcs after was confum- 20
mated, after which followed peace and plenty for divers years, the Court and
Country bep;an to abound with riot and luxury ^ the King gave himfelf to
building of (lately houfes, monafteries, and great (hips, one whereof was faid
to exceed any that had been built before : Francis the French king, and Henry
xhc^.oi Fn^jand^xove to exceed this (hip in greatne(re, but both their (hips
proved imferviceable. The king having exhaufted his coffers upon thefe
rieedlcffe expcnces , is advifed by Elphinjion Bifhop oi Aberden, to make the
Gentry compound for their Ward(hips, and fuch alfo as had fold half of their
lands without their Lords confent. This and fome other wayes propofed be-
ing diftaftefull to the Gentry , the King refolves ( partly to lefTen his charges 30
at home, and partly to make fatisfattion for taking arms againft his father)
to make a journv into Syr/// .■ for this purpofe a Fleet is made ready, a great
many bind themfelves by vow to wait thither on the king, who had acquaint^
ed the neighbouvi; .g Princes with his refolution.
Mean while a war was breaking out between France znd England: For,
Pope Jidiu-f^ Ferdinand oi Spain, Maximilian xheEvn^cror, the Venetians znd
Switzcrs, with the ^nglip, v ere entring into a league againft France^ the affairs
of which had lately fucceedcd well in Italy. ¥^\n^Jamcs was not willing to
(ide with either party, yet was earneftly importuned by the French fadion,
who to pick a quarrel with king Henry^ fends the Bifhop oi Murrey to demand \o
a great fum of money due to his Qvieen by legacie from Prince Arthur. King
Hewy knowing this meflage was a preparative for a breach, returns this an-
fwer, That not only this debt , but whatfoever elfe is due to king Javtes^ (hall
be truly fatisfied : upon this he refolves not to invade England^ yet to help
Franci'^ therefore fends his fleet thither which he had lately built , of which
J.imes Hamilton E^rloi^ Arran is made Admiral , but he in ftead of going into
France, gocth into Ireland, and takes Knockfcrgus, which he burned , and fo
returns home.
In the mean time letters from France come to the king, complaining be was
not To good as his word, and that the promifed (hips were not come:; whereat 5^
the king was fo difpleafed, that he fends Archibald DoiiglaJJe Earle of Angus to
take Hamilton! Commifiion from him , and to fucceed in the Admiralty ; but
he undeiftandir.g the Kinss mind beforehand, hoifed anchor and was gone to
fca, where his fleet by ftorms istorn and fliattered, and the great (hip is made
unfervice^ble and left in Sr/tany. Eeildes fome private quarrels fell out among
the borderers, about killing of Sir Robert Car king James his favourite,by three
Engliih-
Chap.iS. Hifiory of the IForld, ^6^
Englifli-men, and the taking of fome Scots (hips by the Englifli, v/'iihoxxl An. Chrijiu
making fatisfad:ion, occafioned a breach between the two kingdoms : The \WY'\4
Engliih borderers began to drive booties out of the Scots ground j where ^-
Icxander Hume Governour of the three Scotifli Marches , with three thoufand
horfe enters England ^ and plunders the fevennexc villages before any help
could come ; the booty was carried fafe into Scotland , but Alexander with
fome part of his forces ftaid behind , and were fct upon by three hundred
Englilh which lay in ambufh, divers of the Scots were killed,and two hundred
taken prifoners. In the mean time the King calls a Parliamentjto advife about
jQ making war AgAind Eno^landj the wifer part were againft it , but the French
Ambaiiador and his faftion mainly for it i the King inclines to the French
party, and fo open war is proclaimed both by fea and land againft England'^
a Herald is fent to King We^ry then before Tottrn ay , to denounce war againft
him, for the wrongs done by the Englifti without fatisfa^iiion, as alfo for mo-
lefting Leivfs the French king his ancient friend, and Charles Duke of Gelders
hiskinfman. )^\ng Henry returns anfwer , That he heard no more then what
he expefted from a King who kept covenant neither with God nor man 5
His threatenings ftiould not make him give off his enterprife, nor ftiould he
care to lofe his friendftiip^who was fo inconftant in his aftedions.
20 Mean while, whilft the King was at Divine fervice in his Chappel, an anci-
ent man of a venerable afpect, with long haire, a long garrnent, andalinnen-
girdle, came bare-headed to the king, and leaning on his chair told him. That
if he proceeded in that war, he and his Army ftiould repent it j and with that
vaniftied away, nor could he ever after be found , though diligent fearch was
made for him. But the Kingnotwithftanding marcheth on with his Army,
and entring England takes divers Caftles and overthrowes them, Northtimber-
/rfWis pillaged 5 he was advifed to befiege S^nv/c^, which then might have
been eafily taken , but he flighted that opportunity. In the interim Heralds
come from the Englifti , to know of King Ja>;ies what day and place he would
aQ appoint for a battel : the King was advifed by his friends to return home with
his Army, rather then to venture himfclf with fo few ( for many of his forces
had fo) faken him ) againft fo numerous an Army of Englifti , which was in-
creafed by fix thoufand old fouldiers fent thither out of France 5 and if he wilt
fight, he were beft fight upon his own ground, where he will find more provi-
fion and advantages then in the enemies country. When the day appointed
for the fight came , the Englifti appeared not '-, wherefore the King is defired
again to retreat home, for the enemies policie was by delayes to increafe their
own Army , whilft the Scots did daily diminifti 5 and that it was no more
fliame for him to retreat , then for the Englifti to fail of the day appointed :
40 but the King was fo obftinately bent on a battel, that he told his Lords,if there
were an hundred thoufand Englifti , he would fight them. This rafti anfwer
did much difpleafe the Lords , chiefly Douglajfe Earl ofAngm^ who told him
that he had done fufficiently for the French king , to divert a great part of the
Englilh Army from Erance hither 5 and that it was unreafonable,why to pleafe
the French A mbaflador, he ftiould expofe himfelf and his handfull of men to
fix and twenty thoufand expert Englifti fouldiers : The king bid the old Earl
go home, if he was afraid :, who anfwered. That his former aftions in defence
ot his Country ftiew how little afraid he was , but now being aged and weak
. he was content to take his eafe , yet was willing to leave his two fons behind
50 as pledges of the love he bore his Country ; and fo departed.
Tbe Scots now are refolved to fight , and by reafon of their paucity take
the advantage of the ground 5 which the ii«^///& perceiving, to drawthemi
upon even ground , make fliew as if they were refolved by the way of Barrvick^
to enter Scotland^ which the .^c^^j- fearing left their advantage, and fo the
Armies encounter ; Alexander Gordon who commanded the Scots right-wing,
defeated the Englip left-wing j but the Scots other wing,in which were Lenox
Y y y ancl
570 ' l^he Second ¥ an of the Book. VI.
Jn.CbriJii.andJrgik, was utterly routed by the Englifti; the body of the Scots Army
'^'^''>/'^*J where the king was, fought ftoutly, till night parted both Armies; great
•■ llaughter on both fides ; of the Scots were loft above live thoufand, ofthe
Englilh about the fame number , but thefe were ofthe meaner fort , the moft
of the Scots that were flain were Gentlemen , this battel was fought neer the
' 5 I 3* hill Flndclon ; what became of king "james is uncertain ; fome think he was
killed there, others, that he efcaped, and afterwards was murthered by the
Humes i, butwhateverbecameofhim, he was a brave Prince, had he not been
too head-ftrong , who for his zeale in the Chriftian Religion was ftilcd by the
Pope^rrotecfor ofthe Faith. lO
Chap. XXIX.
The Scotifh Hijiorj^ under King James the fifth , and his young Daughter
^leen Mary, from the year 1513. til/ 1544..
King James the fourth left his Queen Margaret , and two fons behind ^^
him j the elder was two years old, whom the Parliament at Sterling de-
clares King 5 Hjime is made govemour of all that part ofthe kingdome
on this fide Forth , Gordon Earl o^ Huntley of all beyond. The Queen is Regent,
for fo King James had ordered it in his laft Will , which he had made before he
wenttobattell; This dignity (he was to enjoy fo long as (he continued un-
married, which was not long, for within few moneths (he married with Archi'
haldDougld([eEzr\ofu4ngm, a Youth endowed with all the parts of fortune
and nature. A great part ofthe Nobility being flain, the Clergy began to rule
in Parliament. Stewart Archbifliop oiSt.Andrervs being killed at Fhidon^ three
fell in competition for that place, one named Y^ouglafje^yNho was chofen by the 3<^
Queen,being of her husbands family ; the other was Hepburn Abbot of St. An-
drews^ whom the Monks (as they were wont) elefted for Archbi(hop; the
third was Forman Bifhop oiAIurry^ on whom alio Lewis the eleventh oi France
beftowedthe ArchbiflioprickofZ)'//«rw; befides, the Pope conferred on him
the Archbifhoprick of St. Andrews , with the two rich Abbies of Dumfermling
^wdAberhroth^Awd made him alfo Legat us a latere. Alexander Hume upon promife
ofthe Abby of CtfW/»^/jw to his youngeft brother, caufeth the Popes Bull for
elefting oi Forman to be proclaimed inE<^/»/'«r^A,which occafioned much mis-
chief for Hepburn fought by all means to be revenged on the Humes for
this. 40
The Queen perceiving the diftraftions o^ Scotland^ wrote to her brother of
England^ to forbear making war againft her and her children , who were fuffi-
ciently troubled already with domeftick broils; who returns thisanfwerjThat
he will not quarrel with the Scots^ if they quarrel not with him. And now the
Queen by her marriage having loft the Regency , the kingdome is divided in-
to two faftions : the Douglajjes would have the Queen continued , pretending
that would be a means to keep peace with England-^ but the Humes would
have another eleftedjbecaufe the times were troublefome; The Queen had
loft her Regency,and it was not the cuftome o( Scotland to be ruled by women;
at laft after much debate, JohnDake of Albany being then in France, is chofen 50
by moft fuftVages, he was the fon oi Alexander brother to king James 3. Francis
the Frcwr/) king was glad of this eleftion , for he knew it would be for his ad-
vantage; therefore he furnifheth him wifli men and money for his journey:
In the interim, for want of one head, the kingdome is much vexed with high-
way meh.Forman fearing left Hepburn would croflb him in his title to the Arch-
biihoprick, remits all the profit he made of it, during the vacancy; befides,
he
Chap.29- Htjlbry of the J^orld, 571
he refignes to him the Biflioprick oiMnrry, and promifeth to allow him a large An.chrijii.
yearly penfion out of the Church-revenues. v-^'~V"NJ
The Duke oiMbany upon his arrival into Scotland^x^ declared Earl oi March j c i r ,
and Vice-roy during the kings minority: King ']ames 4. his baftard fon is made
Earl of 4/«rry : He/^Jwm infinuates himfelf into the Viceroys affctSions, and
difcovers to him the humors, greatnefl'e, and fadions of the Scots Nobility :, he
acquaints him being a ftranger in 5'ctf^/dw^, with the qualities of each family ,
chiefly of the DouglaJJes and i/«W(fj-, which he hated ^ therefore wiiheth the
Viceroy to fend for French forces, to fupprefle in time the growing factions of
IQ thefe great families. Hume perceiving which way the game was like to go, and
that Ht?j>/'«>« had accufed him to the Viceroy, as if he had murthered king
James -J repairs to the Queen, and makes her believe that the Viceroy inten-
ded to murther the young king, that he being next in blood might transfer
the Crown tohimfelf; therefore how dangerous and unreafonable it was,
that a ftranger, and the fon of him who would have murthered his brother the
king, and hath therefore lived ftill fince in exile, fhould have the cuftody of
the young King i he wiiheth her therefore to flieinto England with her fon,
and caft her felf upon her brothers proteftion. This comming to the Regents
ears, he prefently feifeth on Sterling Caftle,where the Queen was, and removes
20 her with the Dougldjffes from the king, whofe tuition he committed to three
of the Nobility, whom he moft tfufted , with a fufBcient guard. The Humes
upon this flie into England^ and fo doth the Queen (hortly after with her hus-
band Douglajje , whom king Henry ordered to ftay in Northumberland, till his
• further pleafure was knpwn. The Regent troubled at their departure, fends
Ambaffadours to kmgHcnry^to affure him, that neither the Queen nor her fol-
lowers had reafon to leave their country,but their caufelefle jealoufies , he alfo
deals fo with the Douglajfes and Humes with large promifes, that he perfwaded
them to return home : the Queen was fain to ftay, becaufe of her great belly ^
for {hortly after, (he was delivered of a daughter Margaret : When (he was fit
20 to travel, king Henry fends for her.
The Regent banilheth the Earl oi Angus his Uncle , with fome other prime 151^;
men , and fummons Alexander Hume to appear in Parliament, which he refu-
fing to doe, is condemned, and his eftate confifcated : Upon this, he fuffers or
countenances the highway-men to doe much mifchief 5 for fuppreffing of
whom, and taking of H«/«(?, ten thoufand horfe and foot areraifed; but be-
fore they comejhe fubmits himfelf to the Regent,who fends him to Edinburgh^
and confines him to the Earl of ^rr^^j- houfe hisfifters husband, Hume per-
fwadesy^rr^^ to undertake the government himfelf,being the fiQers fori of king •
"James :^. and fitter to be Regent then a ftranger, and a baniftied man: Upon
Ao this, they go away, the Regent prefently takes Hamilton Caftle upon furrcn-
der ; Hnme deftroys with fire and fword a great part of the town of Dunhar :
To thefCjthe next ipringj'was added jftfA« Stevpart F,Oix\oi Lennox-^ thefe feile
upon G/rf/c^n? Caftle, which upon the comming of the Regent they forfobk,
and afterward all ot them are pardoned an'd received into the Regents favour,
but not long after , upon new fufpitions, are condemned and beheaded ; they
were accufed of the kings death, and of treachery in Floden battel 5 but He/?-
/>ttr« the Abbot was their cheifperfecutor, ever fince they croflcd him in the
Biflioprick of St. Andrews. y4/ex4»i^er had three other brothers, two of whom'
were baniflied, and the third was murthred by jf</«/ej- HefW«.
5Q The December following, the Regent brings the king from Sterling to Edin-
hurgh, where having obtained leave of the Nobility, he takes fliippingfor
France: The charge of the government lyeth upon the Earls of H««//e;,y^«-
gusy Arran, and Argile, with the two Arch-bifliops of St. Andrews and Glafcow.
The Queen about a year after her departure, returns into Scotland^ where i Sf'-
new troubles arife upon the killing of the Govcrnourof Dunbar hy David
Hume, whereupon the Vice-roy is fent for : quarrels alfo arife between the
Yyy 2 Earlc
^-jz The Second ^ art of the Book-VI.
Atf.Chrifti. Eail of Jngus and the Kars. A Parliament is called at Edinburgh , where
^"^^^^''"^^ complaint is made againfl: the greatnefle of Angus ^ who falling foule with
* 5 ^ ^* the Hamiltnns in the (ireets of Edinburgh , a great fJaughter was made , fo that
about feventy two were killed ; among the reft, Arrans brother,and Egkntont
fon : The Hamiltons to be revenged on the Douglajfes , befieged one of their
Caftles , but to no purpofe. The next year, DoKglajJ'e with the two baniftied
Hitmes^ enter Edinburgh , and take down the heads of Alexander and /* V/-
liam Humes ^ which had been fet up all this while on an eminent place of the
City. So the whole five years of the Regents abfence , was filled with fiaugh-
ter and rapine : When he was come, he intended to weaken the power of the lo
' 5 2 !• DoHglajffes ; therefore baniftieth the Earl oiAngm into France^ his Uncle the
BifliopofD««V/ he fends to the Pope, to be puniftied by him, but by the
way he died of the plague in London,
The next year after the Regents return , a Parliament is held at Edinburgh^
and an Army raifed, which is fent into Annandel , with an intent to invade
England: When they were come within three miles of £«g/<i«<^j GordonE^ivl
oi Huntley diflwaded the Nobility from entring, pretending it was unfafc to
provoke a forreign enemy, when they had fo many enemies at home ^ but this
was indeed to crofle the Regents defign, who to pleafe the French^ intended to
invade £»^/^W. The Regent to fave his credit, had a party with Mnfgrave'^^
and fome other Englifh, in which a Truce was agreed on : The Regent (hort-
ly after goeth over into France, where he ftayed fome moneths longer then he
expefted, becaufe the Englifh fleet lay in wait for him r Therefore he fends
five hundred French fouldiers before with a fleet, which falling upon the Eng-
lifh neer the Ifle o^Man beat them. In the intenm^HoTvard Earl oiSnrry is fent
with an Army often thoufand mercinaries, befides othcrs,into Scotland, where
having no reffiftance by reafon of the Regents abfence, and the domeftick di-
ftraftions, they wafte Marcia and Teviot ; upon his return , the Scots borderers
plunder Nortmn/berland, fo that Howard is forced to come back again , who
with much lofTe to his own party, tO( k Jadbtirg. About which time, five hun- 3^
dred Englifh horfe being fuddenly affrighted in the dark, broke- their halters,
and run away as if mad , at laft they became a prey to the Scots , three dayes
after the Englifh Army disbanded. The Regent perceiving that theEnglifti
fleet lay ftill in wait for him, gave out that he would not remove from France
till the next fpring; Whereupon the Englifh fleet returned home 5 but as
foon as they were gone, the Regent claps three thoufand French foot befides
one hundred courifiers in fifty fhips, and arrives fafely in Scotland.
King Hcnrj o( England at this time did much court the Scots for an Union,
alledging divers reafons why their union with £«^/<««^would bemoread-
vantagiousthcn with Fr^wre, in refpeft of vicinity, identity of language, 4^
foilc, aire, conditions, countenances and habit of bodies : (hewing alfo that
the marriage of his daughter Mary with kingjf<«we/, would make apcrfed:
Union, and much incrcafe the happinefTe oi Scotland. Notwithftanding all
this, the i-rewf/jfaftion being bribed, carried it againft kingHewrjf^ for they
alledgcd that this was not the firft time the Englifh deluded tfiem under ftiews
offriendfhip and union : Edvpard the firfk, againft his oath, by which he was
bound to end the controverfie between the two kings, Brnce and Ealliol^he in-
cicaftd it, by making hal/iol king , Edvpardthe fourth alfo pretended to marry
his daughter C;r//tokingjf^w^c/ the third's fon, but when it came to theup^
fliot, upon fome divifions in Scotland, he fell off, therefore king Henryes aime 50
wasnottoinrichjbut'toimpoverifhandenflave Scotland, being deftitute of
all forreign aide: they deny alfo that greater benefit can accrue to Scotland
by their union with htigland, or more fecurity , then with France : Therefore
they advife them not to exchange without a caufe, their old trufty friends, for
new aiTd flipery pretenders. The news alfo of the Regents being landed with
forreign forces,confirmed the fre»r^, and cooled the Englifli fadion.
The
i
Chap.i^. Hiflory of the World, ^75
The Regent having made his Rendezvous at G/rf/r<> , and from thence be- y^».C/jr.^7
ing come to Edinburgh^ he aflembleth the Lords, highly commending their L/^/'Nj
conftancie to the French^and the old leaguejand exhorting them to unity: then
having refrellied his Army, and united the Scots forces with the French , he
marcheth into England with the French , but the Scots would not follow,
knowing this expedition was onelyto gratifiethe French king ^ the Regent
with his French befieged ^er;^-Caftle , and battered down the dutward wall
with their ordnance, but they were beaten off again 5 the Regent feeing no
good could be done by the French, and that the Scots wpuld not fight , hear-
io ing 3^^o of an Army of forty thoufand Englifli comming againft him, return-
ing home, the fnow having donfe much hurt both to his men and horfe , which'
made the Englifh alfo return without aftion : the next Spring the Viceroy
prepares again for France^ defiring the Lords to keep the King at sterling^ and
to make a peace with Englandhe£ove his return^ but in his abfence all growing
out of order, the young king by divers of the Lords is conveyed to Edinburgh^
where at Holj-Roods he undertook the government himfelf, and all took, the
oath of allegiance to him, moft officers of State were changed for a while, he
rode in ftate to the Parliament s, ftiortly after the Bifhops of S. Andrevps and
Aberdene for difliking this change are imprifoned , who to be revenged, curfe
ao all within their jurifdiftion with bell, book and candle, but all are reconciled
again within a moneth ^ Archibald Douglajje who was banifhed into France^
returns home through England^ and is kindly ufed by king f/e«rc,purpofely to
crofte the Regent 5 Lenox and y^r^^/fc who were out of publike employment,
are glad of his comming^ but the Queen whofe affedions were alienated ftom
him, and Arra», which two ruled all, were much troubled at it, fowas alfo
Hamilton who feared his greatnefs , thefe with the' Ring kept themfelves in
Edinburgh-Cadle^ but the adverfe faction of Lords chofe Douglajje, Lenox and
^r^//e, proteftors of the King and kingdome, thefe prefently feifeupon Ster-
ling^ and thence without oppofition enter Edinburgh , the Caftle being unpro-
50 vided then for a fiege is yeelded up to them, out of which all are difmifled ex-
cept the king 5 thefe Triumviri were to rule four months by turn , but this
government lafted not long, for under the Douglajjes fuch corruptions and
diforders crept both into the Church and State, that the other two fell ofF,and
the king grew weary.
Whilft Douglajfe waited on the king into Teviot^ there to fupprefle the
Bandito's or high-way men, who having fummoned the chief of each family
injoyned them to find out and apprehend thefe robbers , which they did ac-
cordingly, and many of them were put to death : I fay, at this time a plot was
laid by Lenox and the other Stevo^ts to get away the king from the Douglases,
40 which becaufe they could not effeft by (ecret plots , they refolved by open
hoftility to get him away , therefore on a fudden news are brought that the
Stewarts were in Arms , the Douglajfes with their friends in a great tumult fiie j ^ 2 g •
alfo to their Arms , a hot skirmifti followed in which the Stewarts were wor-
fted , the king all the while ftood as a fpeftator ; after this the Dougld(fes to
ftrengthen their faftion, procured the Hamiltom (who had been a great while
kept from the Court) to enter into league with them 5 the Stewarts on the
other fide, got divers Lords and Biftiops to joyn with them, and in the kings
name to call a Parliament at Sterling, and to fet upon the Hamiltonian forces,
before they joyned with the Douglaffes, Lenox with his party being too hafty,
50 fell upon the Hamiltonians having the advantage of the ground, by whom
they are defeated, and Lenox to the kings great grief was flain^ the Douglaffi-
ans were hafting with their forces, and the king from Edinburgh--^ but the king
faining himfelf to be ill-difpofed , came foflowly, that George Douglajje fuP
pefting he did this purpofely to retard them from joyning with Hamilton jio\d
him, Sir, rather then the enemy fnall take you from us, we will cut you in two
pceccs, and referve the one half for our felves; this fpeech made fodeep an'
ixAprellion'
^74 '^^^^ Second Tart of the Book VL
An.chrjjii' impreffion on the young king, that he could never after be reconciled to
*'-'*^^'^"*'^^^ him, though he was to others.
The work being done before the DouglaJJians came, inquifition by them is
made of thofe prime men that took up arms againft the king , among the reft
the Earl oiCajJels is fummoned to appeare, his kinfman Kennedy appeared for
him, ftiewing that the Earle fought not againft , but for the king , and by his
command, ^nd with that he produced the Kings letters, ^ames Hamilton the
Baftard was fo mad at Kennedy , that not long after he caufed him to be mur-
thered : DouglaJJe takes the murthered Earls fon into his proteftion , and be-
ftoweshis daughter on him, he alfo plunders Archbifhop Betons Caftle, for lo
his complying with Lenox. Beton^ that he might not fall into Dongbfje his
hands, was glad to hide himfelf, and fo was the Queen, who both feared and
hated her husband. Shortly after,one ofja/nes Stervarts Grooms,being grieved
for the death of his mafter, (tabs Hamilton the Baftard m fixe feveral places of
his body, in rt^venge of his matters death : This fellow, though pinched all
over with burning irons, fhewed no manner of grief either in word or gefture.
Not long after this, the King in the night-time, accompanied with a few horfe,
made an efcape out o^FatkJand^and came to Sterlings where being now out of
the power of the Douglajjes^e fends for the Lords,who counfel him to remove
the DoHglajjians from all government , and that neither they , nor any of their 20
friends, kindred or fervants come within twelve miles of the Court upon pain
of death : this kept off the Earl and his brother George frgm comming ^ a Par-
liament is called at Edinburgh , out of which the Douglaffian fadtion removes,
when they heard the King was coming with an Army : the Earle oi Angus is
ordered to be baniftied beyond the 5/?r)', his brother George znd Archibald his
uncle are to be imprifoned in Ed/nburgh-csiiile , but they refufed to obey this
Order, therefore they are fummoned to appear in Parliament, in the interim
the Chancellorfhip and Trcafurerfhip are taken from them : but when the
King was gone, they thought by the aid of their friends to take pofleffion of
Edinburgh, and to hinder the meeting of the Parliament 5 but the City was fo 20
well guarded, they could do no good ^ upon this, DouglaJ/e gocth to his Caftle
o(Tanta//on^ fourteen miles frc m the town.
hi this Parliament the DonglaJJes are profcribed , and their eftates confif-
cated^ whereupon they flie out into open hoftolity, and let loofe the reins.to
all high-way-men, fo that much mifchief and robberies are committed. The
king befiegeth Tantallon-caUXc^nX. could do no good on it : Argileis imployed
by the king to fupprcfle the Bandito's : the Dougbjfes being forfaken by the
Hamtltonsj flie into England, li'ing Henry of England preparing to make war
againft Charles the Emperor, fends to make a peace with Scotland^ and to have
the DouglaJJes reftored : king ']ames would not heare any thing of reftoring40
Dongla£e, and fo the peace could not be concluded , only a truce is made for
five years 5 in the mean while 7antal/on-ca(t\e is delivered by Dougla/Je to the
king. The next year , the king makes 'james Earl of Murrey Viceroy, whom
he fends to the borders to meet the Earl of Northumberland^ concerning the
peace, and reparation for wrongs, but nothing was concluded : The king
lends the Earl BothwcU- and fome other Lords into E.dinburgh-cdA\e , upon in-
formation given, that they were underhand raifing war againft England:, then
be goeth in perfon with eight thoufand men to fupprcfTe the rebellious bor-
derers, whofe Chief -^^xwe// with divers others he caufed to be apprehended
and hanged, at which the Englilh were glad, for he had done them much 50
mifchief: ftiortly after this, the king releafeth the imprifoned Lords out of
the Caftle. , "
I 5 3 I . About this timCjOne '^ohn Sect a mean man in Edinburgh^ grew famous with
Fading:, for when he pleafed, he could abftain thirty, or forty, or fifty dayes
together without meat or drink : Experiments of this he gave both to king
lamci in Scotliind,to the Pope at Rome^xo the I'enetianKto the Enghfl) in London^
where
»
Chap.29. Hiflory of the JJ^orld, 575"
where he was imprironed for preaching at r^7«/j--Crofle againft king Ht-wr/s ^».C/jn/?/.
divorce, and falling off from the Church oi Rome : when he was as,ked by *-<~v->».
what means he faftedfo, he ftill anfwered, By the help of the Virgin Mary.
The Duke oi Albany obtained of the Pope, that the Clergy fhould out of their
revenues allow an yearly falary for Judges to end controverfies between man
and man about bargains or pecuniary matters : Dt/mhar Bifliop of Aberdene in ' 5 3 -•
this point appeals to the Pope, and then at Edinburgh was fet up'ihe Colledge
of Juftice: thekingtopleafe the Pope, makes ftrid inquifition againft the
Lutherans, in recom pence of which , the Pope bellows on him all the Tithed
10 for three years. This year the Englifti having entred into a league vi'ith F^'f'^fff
againft C^Jar^ are willing to pick a quarrel v\ ith Scotland^ therefore upon fome?
fmall pretences they invade the Scots borders, and did at firft much harm, till
they were beat out, and then they were contented by mediation of the
French to imbraceapeace^ David Beton\s fent into fr^wa- to complain that
the old league with Scotlandwa^ neglefted; an Ambafl'ador is fent from France
to compofe the differences between the Scots and Englifli^ C^^ir fends an I 5 54J
Ambafliidor from Toledo by the way o( Ireland into Scotland^ to draw the Scots
into a league with him againft England and France^ complaining of the
wrongs done to his Aunt Kathcrinehy Y^An^Henry 1, then a match is propofcd
ZQt\xhex\v\lh.Maryoi Hungary ^ ox Atary oi Portugal^ ox Mary o^ England --^ but
King ']ames inclined rather to the king of Denntxrki daughter by ifabzl
fifter to Charki C<efar. About this fome time was required for delibe-
ration.
Things being fetled at hoine, the King refblves to fcil about Scotland^ for
reducing the Illanders to obedience^ firft he fails to the Orcades ^ which he
fctletb, and puts garrifons both in the Kings and in the Bifhops Caftles 5 then
he fettles the other Iflands, and fends away their chief diftuibcrs to Edinburgh
and £)««»/7iS(r-Caftles 5 the Lutherans are feverely enquired after, and fbmc
burnt : the Earl of A/«rry, andtheBiftiop o£ Aberdene , zxe fent into France
20 about a wife for the king, to whom king Henry of England {tiida by one of his'
Biftiopsabook containing the Articles of the Reformed Religion, which
king James nipoxi perfwafion of his Clergy rejefted as heretical : then king
Henry fends to defire king "james to give him a meeting about fetling of both'
kingdomes in one, which was by marrying king Henries daughter , whereby-
kin gy^wer after king H(?«r/ex death ftiould be heire of both , inaflurance of
which , kingH?«ry proffers to make him Duke of Torke, and his Deputy or
Viceroy of England : king j4/«e/ intended to give king He«ry a meeting, but
was at laft diffwaded from it hy the Ha fffiltons^ who being next heirs to the
Crown, would not have the king marry at all^ by the Biftiops alfo,who preten-
^Q ded that king Henry meant to have the Religion of Scotland altered ^ they al-
leadged the danger that might befall the king if he ftiould truft his perfon ini
England, whereas king Jattfcs the firft, Malcolme the firft, and his brother IFil-
/mw kings of Scotland, were drawn into England upon great promifes, and
then forced to affent and adt fuch things aS ftood not w'ith the honour ancf
fafety of their kingdome.
With thefe realons, and with promises of gi'eat fums of money, king James
his minde was changed, and fo king Henry was angred, which occafioned new
quarrels. King jf^wa being impatient of carlibatc, and finding that his Am-,
baffadors in friwce trifled avii-ay their time, refolves to go thither in perfon,,
5c but without the knowledge of his Lords ; the firft time he let tofea he was'
forced back by ftorms , the next time he landed in Deep , being accompanied
with many or his Lords, who fuddenly comming to Parfs before king Franck
knewof hisarrivalj was moft courteoufly entertained, and a match prefently
concluded between him and Magdalen the French kings daughter 5 after 15 37=
much joy and folemnity they both failed into 5£'tf//^»^, but not long after ftie
iell into an heftick feaver and dicd5to the great grief of all except the Priefts,
who
^7<^ The Second '¥ art of the Book. VI.
4n,Chrifii. who feared flie would incline the King to Proteftanifme, for (lie had been bred
^f^"^'*^*-' by her Aunt the Queen oiNuvar-^ after her death, Ambafladors arefent to
marry Mary of the houfe oi Giufe^ and widow to the Duke of Longcvil:
Bothvel for fufpefted treafon is banifhed out of Scot Unci ^ England and trance :
the Lord Ftfr^pj is beheaded, being accufed hy one Straughen of treafon, and
perfecuted by Huntlies fadion : the Earl of Angm his filler was burned for
confpiring with fome others to poyfonthe king^ her husband thinking by a
rope to efcapeout of Edinbitrgh-QdSkXe^ fell and fo bruifed himfelf that he died
prefently >, the next year Mary of Gitifc is with great folemnity married at St.
Andrews by the Archbifhop to King James. Many Proteftants that year fufie- lo
1529. red either death or banifhment ; George Buchanan efcaped out of prifon :
The Queen this year was brought to bed of a fon , and the next year of an-
other. King Henry fends again to have King James give him a meeting at Torke,
which he refufed upon the diflvvafions of his Clergy. James Hamilton for
treafon is beheaded , and his limbs fet up in four feveral places of Edinburgh--,
not long after, the King dreamed that this Hamiltons ghoft appeared to him in
a ghaftly manner , brandifliing his fword againft him , with which he cut otf
his right hand , and thephisleft^ the king being awakened , and thinking
much of the meaning of this dream ,. news is brought him that both his
fons were dead about the fame time , the one at St. Andr eve s ^ and the other at 20
Sterling.
Not long after this, the two kings quarrel, the borderers are wafted on
both fides ^ atlaft Armies are raifed, the Scots Armymutined becaufe the
king had by his letters named one Oliver Sinclar for their General , and fo in a
confufed manner were marching home, which the Englifh perceiving, they
fet upon them with their whole Army , and routed them 5 the news of this
overthrow fo vexed the king , that Ihortly after he fickned and died , having
left one daughter heir to the Crown five dayes old , he was entombed in the
Abbey-Church of Holy-Roods , near his firft wife Magdalen. The lofie of the
Army, and the kings fudden death, put the Scots into a great deal of anxiety?, 3^
theHuwiltons were now in hope to obtain theCrown,at leaft during the nonage
of the childe Mary : the Scots prifoners at London are for two daycs (hut up in
the Tower , and from thence being brought in folemnity through the ftreets
to the king, were checked by the Chancellor for breaking the peace, and then
were difperfed into fome private houfess, but when news came that king James
was dead 5 having left one daughter , the prifoners arefent for to the Court
I 5 4^ 2. and kindly ufed by the king, who having tried how they were inclined to a
match between his fon and their young Queen, he fends them, home into Scot-
land^ the two Dougltjjes return with them after fifteen years banifhment : The
Cardinal of St.Andreves got himfelf to be made Viceroy before they camCjbut 4°
as foon as they were come he was thruft out, and James Hamilton Earl o^Arran
is named Viceroy.
The next ilZ-^rrcA a Parliament was called, whither Sh B.alph Sadler is fent
Ambaffador from king Henry to conclude a peace , and to make up the match ,
his propofal was much oppofed by the Queen, Cardinal and Clergy ■-, the Car*
dinal is confined , and great hopes appear of a full union , fo that the Mer-
chants begin again to traffique freely j but the Cardinal (being fet at liberty)
with his Clergy and the Queen,ftrive what they can to hinder any union with
England^ therefore they caufe affronts to be put upon the Englifh Ambaffador,
andwithallthe hoftages which were promifed upon the fetting of the Scots 50
Lords free in England^ were denied, for they feared this union would be pre-
judicial to France, and that it would bring in with it an alteration in Religion:
Sir Ralph complains of the affronts, to whom the Pvegent promifeth repara-
tion, but Ihews it was not in his power to deliver any hoftages : the Earl of
CaJJils' aloni^ profcffed openly, that he would return to England, and there re-
main a perpetual prifoner, rather then his two brothers which were his
hoftages
Chap. 3 o. Hiflory of the ITorld. 577
Jioftages fhould fuffer for him , and fo he went ftreight to London 5 the King An-Chrifti;
highly commending his refolution, fets both his brothers at liberty, and fends ^Jf^Y^s^
him alfo back again with fome rich prefents. Meanwhile King /iewr^ ftayes
all the Scots (hips that were within his harbours, threatning war and de-
ftrudion againft thofe who had broke the peace, and violated the Laws of
Nations : but the Queen and Cardinals faftion fends to the French king, that
he (liould now or never hinder the Scots union with England^ and to that pur-
pofe (hould fend home Mattherp Stewart Earl of Lenox^ who was the HamHtons
great enemy,to fupprefle them and their claim which they laid to the Crown,
jQ he being next heir by King ']ames his laft Will 5 they proniife alfo to marry
him to the widow Queen , and to make him heire to 'Jamss Hamilton lately
deadjfor the Regent was a baftard 5 belides the Fi^ench king promifed his al-
fiftance to Lenox^lf he would go home.
The young credulous Earle upon thefe great proffers and promifes goeth
for Scotland^ where having faluted the Regent, he repairs to the Cardinal , to
whom he (hews the caufes of this his journey 5 his friends to the number of
four thoufan4 accompany him to the Queen : Hamilton to avoid blood , pro-
pofeth fome Articles for peace, to wit, that the Qiieen Ihould be tranfpoited
into Sterling , and that (he Ihould be educated by four of the Nobility which
20 were of neither fadion ^ hereupon Ihe was crowned at ^/e»"//K^ : the Regent
finding himfelftoo weak for the other fadion, in the Gray-Friars at Sterling
in the prefence of the Queen-mother , and chief Lords of the Court, recan-
ted his opinion concerning the controverted points of Religion, and totally
fubmitted himfelf to the Cardinal, who was Regent in effed, the other onely
in name 5 thus the Queen-mother and Cardinal having got the Regent to be
at their beck , ftrive underhand to get Lenox out of the way, by writing to the
French king, and de(]ring him to call back Lenox again, for he had done what
they defired in dimini(hing the Regents power, but they were afraid lelihis
greatneffe may caufe fome fadion^ in the interim the Queen-mother bare him
20 in hand that (he would marry him,p.nd entertained him at Court with feafling,
masking and dancing ; the Earl of Sothwel whom King James the 5 . baniihed,
is now returned , and was a great fervant alfotothe Queen-mother , which
bred emulation in Lenox , yet he at laft got Bothxvel to forfake the Court •-, but
when he perceived that the Queen and Cardinal did put him off with long
delayes, and that they went about to delude him, he grew angry, and with in-
tent of revenge went to Dumbritton^ where he receiveth from the French
king a great fumme of money which he was to employ by the advice of the
Queen and Cardinal, but he diftributed a great part of this money among his
friend?, and fome he fent to the Queen, the Cardinal finding that no ttiare
40 thereof came to him, in anger complies with the Regent, and wilheth him to
fend fpeedily an Army to Glafcovp which might unawares feife upon Lenox and
the money alfo; but Lenox underftanding of this plot, raifeth prefently feven
thoufand Voluntiers, and with them he marcheth to Leith^ and fends to the
Cardinal that he was come to prevent his journey to Glafcarv , and withall to
fight his forces; the Cardinal puts him off from day to day with promifes of a
fight, but when Lenox faw that he loft time, that his Voluntiers were be-
ginning to hold correfpondence with the Enemy , and that he was not pro-
vided to make a fiege, makes his peace with the Regent.
Shortly after Lenox underftanding that a plot was laid againft him , he re-
50 tired to Glafcorv, where he fortifies and viftuals theBilhops Caftle 5 thence he
goeth to Dumbritton^ where he underftands that the DougUjcs and Hamilton^
were reconciled, and that King Frandf affedion was alienated from him upon
the calumnies of his enemies; in the interim the Earl oi' Jnguf , and R<?bert
Jllaxwelcxcnt to Glafcovp^ to take up the differences between the Regent and
Lcnoxj mean while King Henry of £k^/^«<^ fends his fleet which was intended
for France^ againft Leith and EdinbHrgh , which had flighted his proffers, and
Z z z affionted
57^ The Second Tart of the Book VI.
Att.Chrijii. affronted his Ambaflador ; ten thoufand men being landed they quickly feifc
'-'^^^'^^'''^^^ on the Town, mod of the Merchants being gone elfewhere ^ here they flayed
three dayes till their Artillery was landed, with which they battered the walls
oi Edinbttrgh which they took and plundered , and having fetfireon fome
houfes, they marched up and down that Country, wafting divers Gentlemens
houfes and villages^ and fo having done what fpoil they could, return to their
ftiips; Lenox in the mean time fends a meffenger with letters to KingFn/wc/j-
clearing his own innocencie , and accufing his enemies of falfe calumnies
againft him ^ but the King was fo prepoflefled by the Qvieen-mother , and the
Gm jjf an hOi'ion , that he would not admit the meflenger into his prefencej jq
Lenox being much perplexed that he was thus abufed by the Queen and Car-
dinal, and flighted by the French king, who had employed him on a dcfperate
fervice, and then forfook him , underftanding alfo that the Regent was come
into Cltfcoiv with an Army, and after ten dayes fiege had taken the Caftle,re-
folves now to comply with the King of England--^ and having received fome
encouragements thereto, intends lirft to be revenged on the tiamiltons^ there-
fore with eight hundred Townfmen o{ Glafcojv and others, he encounters
the Hamilton forces which were far more numerous ^ in the firft encounter he
beat off the enemy from their Ordnance , but frefh fupplies commingtothe
Banttltons got them that viftory, about three hundred were killed on both 20
fides ; Glajcow is plundered, and Lenox having left the Caftle oiDumbritton to
George Sterling^ fet fails for England^ where he is honourably received and en-
tertained by the King who marrieth him to Margaret Douglajje , YiJxn^Jamer
the fifths filler, and daughter to Ring Henries filler.
Chap. XXX.
A continuation of the Scottifh Hifiory under the two Regents ^ Hamilton 4»«/
the Queen-mother ,'_/>-tf«* 1 544. till 1560.
go
THE Hiimiltons being glad to be rid of fo potent an enemy as Lenox^
call a Parliament, in which he and his friends are condemned, and their
whole eftates confifcated 5 \vh\\e{[ Scotland is thus peflred with home-
bred fcditions, the Englifh invade it with an Army, to refill which,the Qpeen-
mother with the Cardinal and Regent, raife between eight and nine thoufand
men, but the Regent out of cowardife fled with a few to Dumhar , the Army
upon his fudden departure began to disband : Archibald DouglaJJe E)arl of
Angus ^ with fome few of his friends, brought back the Artillery to Dumbar^
even in the fight of the enemy, wherein he (hewed great refolution and bold-
nefie^ the Englifhmean while waftes all theCountrytothef^jt/j, and fo re- 40
turn home ; 7 honias Howard the Duke of NcrforlJ{^ with fome others, beg from
RingHtv/j;/ inrecompence of their good fervice in Scotland, all liich lands
there as either they had, or fhould fubdue, and with all a fufBcient Army, till
the work were done 5 this was allented to , fo they return with three thou-
fand mercinaries, befides the borderers who were voluntaries , and warred on
their own charges : the Earl of Anguf whcfe eftare lay moft about the borders
repairs to the Regent, fhewing him the danger the kingdome was in , and re-
proved him for fuffering himfelf to be led by the Cardinal and his Clergy, for
which he had loft the hearts of the Nobility 5 hereupon fummons are fent
abn ad to invite the Lords to a meeting , that an Army might be raifed , they 50
two in the interim with three hundred horferide tov/ardsthe Englifh quar-
ters ; feme of the borderers joyn their forces with the Regent, to whom came
a fupply of three hundred out of F//r, and fome more forces under Walter Scot-f
thefe encounter with thtEngl/fi who had both the fun and wind againft them,
fothat being blinded with the fun now in the Weft, and the gun-powder-
fmoak, they were prefently difranked and confounded , and fo fuddenly flung
down
I
Chap. 3 c. Hiflory of the Tf'^orld, 579
; ^ ■ j
down their arms and rnn away 5 the Scots puxfued with gieat cagernefle and yln.chriflu
iiiadeagrcatl]aughtet-^ of the ^^wj tivo onely were flain, of the Engliflia- ^-»''Vw
bout two hundred, and a thoufand taken prifonets, eight hundred of which
were Gentlemen.
About this timCj the Gonrdons under George Earl o^Hitntly, or rather the Rc-
ginaldim by his inftigation, fought a battel with the Frafcrs , in which the
whole family oftheFr^Jcrx were killed 3 fothat it had been utterly extinft,
but that there were 80 of their wives left big with with childe , all which were
brought to bed of fons, who lived till they all came to mens eftate. Five hun-
jQ dred horfe and three thoufand foot are fent out oiFrance into Scotland, to re-
tard the Englifli from invading Fr^wre , an Amballadour alfo is fent to enquire
into crimes objedted againfl: Lenox, that he fupprefled much of the French mo- i 5 4 5I
ney, that he fpoiled the publique caufe by falling out with the Cardinal , and
o{\\\^go\vL'g\x\x.o England i, he had alfo order to leavy an army m Scotland,
whereupon fifteen thoufand make their rendezvous at Hadditfgton, whence
they march into England, wafting for fix miles together all with fire and
fword. So having fpent ten dayes in plundering, they return laden with fpoiU
Mongomery the French Ambaffidour enquires and findes that the Cardinal had
wrongfully accufed Lenox, and forced him to fiie into England ^ Then the Re-
2Q gent and Cardinal undertook a progrefle into Verth, Dundee, and other towns,
to punifti and fuppreile the Proteftants 5 they take Sway the Provoftlhip of
rerthiiom i\\c Rnvetts , in whofe family it had continued rhany yeats, drid
put one upon them , whom they would not admit , which caufed great
troubles and tumults in the town , fo that fixty men were flain , and many in
the confufedprefle of the people refifting their new Provoft and his forces,
were trod to death. After this the Cardinal conveys the Regent to St. Andrews,
where having fumptuoufly entertained him for three weeks, he goeth to the .- / . ,
National Synod then held at Edinhurg, where George Sephocard aMinifteris wljni<i'^ Jf^'^'
accufed of Herefie, him they fetch away with a troop of horfe from John Cock:;
- Q ^//r«/ houfe where he was entertained 3 then he was carried to St. Andrervs^
where he was condemned by the Cardinal and his Clergie to be burned as an
Heretick , for the Regent refufed to meddle with him : the Cardinal in great
ftate with divers church-men fate in his window over againft the place ofExe-
cutioh : George, as the rope was about his neck , and the fire ready to be kin-
dled, told the Cardinal , that ere long, for all his great ftate , he fhould be laid
a^ low as he 5 fo he was ftrangled, and his body burned to afhes : Thisfeveri-
ty procured much obloquie and hatred from the people and Nobility on the
Cardinal, who to make his party the ftronger. marricth his eldeft daughter to
the Earl of Cnz/^r^j fon;
^Q Mean while, the Cardinal underftanding that there was a great fleet from
f«^/^»£/commingtoinfetl:thccoaftofF7/^, he fends to all the Nobility and
Gentry of that country to meet him on fuch a day j to confult about fortify-
ing of that coaft. About that time the Earl oiRothus fon , by the afBftance of
fifteen more that were of the plot, entred one day betimes in the morning in-
to the Cardinals Caftle at Saint -^«(5^ren'/ , the gate being opened to let in
the work-men who were then repairing and fortifying of the placed thefe
confpirators break into his bed-Chamber , and with many wounds they
ftab him to death : then upon a tumult in the Town , his dead body is ex-
pofed to publique \\t\ij in the fame plaoe where he beheld the Minifters
5c execution 5 the murtherers are fummoned to Edinburgh, who ftand upon
their own guard in the Caftle, and rcfufe to come ; whereupon th^y are pro-
fcribed : The Regent by the Quefen and Clergies inftigation takes arms , and
layeth fiege to the Caftle almoft4 months , till the winter forced them tdraife
the fiege and depart, but they in the Caftle being rid of their enemies , wafte
all the Country about with fire and fWord, and gave themfelves to allli-
ccntioufnefTe, notwithftanding 'John Knox preached damnation to thctn;
Tzi 2 the
^So The Second Tart of the Book.VL
An.Chrifti. The Englifh again invade the borders, and new levies are raifed to refift them,
*-*^"^^^"^^ about which timeaFrenchfleet in which were 21 gallies arrived ^ the French
and Scots joyn their forces, and fuddenly befiege the Cardinals caftle , which
they batter with their brafle-ordnance from the towers of the two next
Churches , fo that at laft the befieged were forced to yield , being promifed
their lives •-, in this caftle was found the Cardinals treafure, with much provi-
fion, furniture and houfholdftuffc, befides much wealth hid there for fecurity
by the Citizens ^ the caftle by command is pull'd down to the ground.
About this time news came , that the King oi England was preparing both
^^'' t)y fea and land to invade Scotland, and to force the Scots to make good their 10
promife about the marriage of their young Queen with king Hewnex fonne.
The Regent raifeth what forces he can to oppofe the common enemy 5 fome
skirmifties there were, and divers both Englifh and Scots killed : at laft the
Englilh perceiving the Scots army to increafe daily, they fend letters to the
Regent and the Lords , defiring tnem to conlider how unnatural this war was
between Chriftians and neighbours, how happily and quickly it might be
compofed , if they would ftand to their promife and league about the match,
which would be fo advantagious to them 5 how impollible it was to find a huf-
band fo fit for their Queen, as one born of fo great a Prince, in the fame Ifland,
of the fame language, fo neer in blood, and of fuch excellent endowments , 20
befides what unhappinefle will accrue in matching with a ftranger : therefore
if the Scots will confent to this match , they fhall have the education of their
young Queen till fhe be marriageable , and the Englifh will forthwith return
home with their Army , promifing to make fatisfadion for any hurt done on
the Scots fide , conditionally they will not fuffer their Queen to be conveyed
away to any other kingdom, nor fuffer the French to marry her. Thefe letters
the Regent by advice of his Counfellors fuppreffed , prefuming on an uncer-
' tainviftory, and giving out that the Englifh came purpofely to carry away
their Qujeen.and to enllave the Nation : upon this they refolve to fight ^ Doh-
glajje Earl oi Angus leads the Van, Gordon Earl oi Huntley the Rear, the Regent 3*^
led the main body, the whole Army was about twenty thoufand : the Englifh
being fcanted of provifionSjWere retreating ^ but feeing the Scots Van follow-
ing them fo eagerly , that they were a good way from the reft of their Armyj
they face about, and in the firft encounter are difordered s but having again
recollefted themftlves , atlaft worftedtheScoti Van, which the main body
^'^^'' perceiving began to flie, which the Englifh horfe perceiving from the higher
ground,purfued,killed and took many of them ; there fell of the Englifh horfe
m the firft encounter about two hundred , of the Scots the number is not cer-
tain, whofe Rear retreated homeward in fafety ; all this while the Scots army
fuffered much harm by the Englifh fleet , which plaicd upon them with their 4^
ordnance.
This battel being fought, the Englifh wafte all the Country for fix miles to-
gether 3 and take in certain Caftles : The Regent repairs to both the Queens
at 5^er//«^, being fad for this difafter; but the Queen-mother was not much
forry, though fhe made fliew , becaufe fhe aimed to difplace the Regent , and
to get the government into her own hand: The young Queen is fecured in
Dwjw/'ri^/WjWhileft the Lords confult about fetling of the kingdome. Ambal^
fadours are alfo font to Ht«ry of Frdwce, for aide againft the common enemy,
with hopes that the young Queen fhall be conveyed over into France , and
, married to the Dolphin , but the French aide came not fo foon as was exped- 50
1 548. gd: mean while the Englifh invade G<i//<)n'4; by the afliftance oi Lennox, to
whom a great part of that Country fubmitted , they wafte alfo the Country
about Haddington : In the interim three thoufand German foot,tvvo thoufand
French,and one thoufand horfe, are fent from King Henry of France '^ to thefe
the Regent with eight thoufand 5ftf^j- doe joyn, and befiege Haddington: A
meeting is had of the Lords about tranfporting of the Queen , many were for
the
Ghap.30. Hifiory of the fForld. 581
the union with England , Cheifly thofe that defircd a reformation of R.eligion5 AniCbrijii.
but the CathoHcks, and all fuch as were bribed by the French , chiefly the Re- L/'~/"%J
gent, who was promifcd a yearly revenue of twelve thoufand Francks, befides
a Captainfhip over a hundred Curifiers 5 all thefe being the major part , vo-
ted the Queen fhould be fent into France ; The fleet that waited for her at
Lieth, failed about the coaft and took her in at Dumbritton 5 who after a ftor-
my paflage arrived in Britany , from whence (he is conveyed to the Court.
Whilft the fiege continues at Haddington, the Scots furprife H««avCaftIe
with fome other places from the EnghJ/}. James Stewart the Queens brother
10 with fome forces in t'lfe^ fell upon twelve hundred Englifti lately landed 5 and
drove them back again to their (hips , with the loflTe of (ix hundred of them,
partly flain, and partly drowned , as they were haltening to their fleet 5 about
one hundred were taken prifoners. Then the Englifli fleet refolves to fei(c
upon the town oiAIontrofe in the night ^ but the governour of the Town per-
ceiving by the lights in their (hips where they were, placeth divers armed meri
in ambulh, who fell upon eight hundred of them as they were landing, and
drove them back into the Sea , fo that fcarce the third part of them elcaped,
The fiege at Haddington continues ftill : 1 homos Palmer with one thoufand
foot and three hundred horfefrom Barrvicliare fent to relieve the belieged ,
20 -but they were almoft all cut ofFby the Scots in ambufli , after thefe three huri-
dred more are fent with powder and (hot to relieve the befieged, for thefe
the French lay in wait, but miifed them : Then news came that a great army
was comming out oi England xo raife the fiege 5 whereupon the Scots army not
willing to hazard all upon one battell , leave the fiege, and fend back the Ar-
tillery to Rdenhurgh 5 where the Provolt was killed with his fon and others by
theFrench^ becaufe he refifted them as they were entering the City, fearing
Ie(t they (hould fall to plundering after their accu(tomed manner. The French
return again fuddenly to Haddington , where they killed the watch betimes in
the morning, but as they were breaking open the gate, the Engli(h are a-
30 waked, who difcharging the murtherin^g piece before the gate, did fuch exe-
cution upon theFrench, that they ran away ^ but not long after, they made
incurfions upon England^ and did much hurt there.
Not long after this, Deifius the French General is called home, upon the Re-
gents letters complaining of his infolencjes, and fedition raifed by him at
Edenburgh : but by the way he retakes from the Englilh Keth-liland , and puts
moft: of them to the fwordi Termiuf is fent into Scotland with fome more
Fre«cA fupplies, who regain fome Ca(tles from the Englifti , and upon the de-
parture of their Army into E»g/<«»<^j fits down before Haddington ^ which at i 5 49*
laft, the Engliih garrifon for want of provifions were forced to quit , haying
40 firft fet fire on fome houfes. Mean while, news is brought and proclaimed in
Scotland of aPeacehetweenFrance and England t, whereupon the FreHch are
(hipped away. But in this fubfequent three yeares of peace^ many diforders^
infolencies and opprefiions were committecl by the Regent, and his brother
the Archbiftiop oi S. Andrewes^ who was altogether ruled by his Cortcijbine 5
for which their government grew odious to the people : whereupon the
Queen-mother makes a journey into France^ for (he aimed at the government,
which (he hoped to obtain by the French alliftance : the French king willing
to advance her without tumult , beltowes great penfions ando(fices oh the
Regent and his fon,and on Huntly^vfhoic fon had married the Regents daugh-
50 ter, on others alfo that were of the Queens faftion , who were imployed to
perfwade the Regent totefign his power to the Queen-mother s the Bilhop
ofKoffe an eloquent man did the Queen good fervice in this bufines, for which
the French king rewards him with anAbby in France. The Queen-mother
hoping now a way was made for her greatnefle, returns home through Eng'
land, being accompanied with a French Ambaflador, who by their favourites
perfwade the Regent to refign hisRegencie, fofull of troubles and care, and
which
582, l^he SecondVartofthe Book. VL
An.Chrjfij. which he could not keep long, by reafon the young Queen was almoil of age,
v«*'"V^%-' and that the French king would recompence him fufficiemly^ the Regent was
contented to refign , conditionally that he might never be queftioned for the
late kings goods which he had ufed, not for any aft he had done in his Re-
gency, which was granted him , and withall the title of Duke of Cajiel/trot^
rich prefents , and a yearly penfion of twelve thoufand Franks; it was alfo
voted, that if the Queen diied without iflue, Haf/tiltonihould be declared next
heir to the Crown 5 thefe Articles were fent to Frxncc^ and there confirmed by
the young Queen and her proteftors , to wit. KingHf«ry2. oi trance, the
Duke oiGHJje^ and his brother Charles the Cardinal j but the Regent repenting *o
of his forwardnefs in promifing to refign, began to ufc delayes, untill he faw
all the Lords fall off from him to the Queen-mother:, then he rcfigns,conditio-
nally that the Articles be ratified in Parliament, which was done accordingly,
1555* the Scepter , Crown and Sword were delivered up folemnly by the Regent
to the French Ambaflador, who received them in the name of the young
Queer ,ind by her command delivered them to the Queen-mother^a thing not
feenbetbre in ScotUnd^ih^t a woman (hould govern that Kingdomc, but it was
ordered that the Caftle of E^/;?^«r^A fhould not be committed to the Fr';nch,
left if the Queen lliould die childlefle , they would make it the place of their
tyranny. **^
The Kin gdome being fetled , H»«/// is employed by the Queen-Regent to
fupprefs the high- way-men, which he undertook, but performed not, where-
fore he is imprifoned , and not releafed untill he had refigncd his right to Mo~
ravia, and his offices he enjoyed in the North, and then he was difmifled , and
made a Privy-counfellor 5 then the Queen-Regent makes a progrefs as far
North as Innemefs , where fhe caufed divers delinquents to be executed, and
lent theEarle of Athol againft the Rebels, who brought with him their chief
Commander Muderac with his whole family to the Queen , but Ihortly after
he made an cfcape, and did more mifchiet then before; fome of Cardinal
Betons murtherers are advanced by the Queen 5 a new projeft is fet on foot by 3<-*
the French , forraifingof monies to mantain an Army of mercinaries, that
each man (hould be rated according to his eftate, but this was wholly difliked
and rejected, as being both dangerous and needlefs; it was thought that Huntly
was the author of this project, purpofely to bring the Queen-Regent in
diflike with the people.
I rtj The French king fends to the Regent of Scotland^ that (he would according
to the old league denounce war againft Englmd^ becaufe Queen Mary a(rifted
her husband King Vhilif againft the French ; but the Lords would not confent
to any war againli England at this time : then a plot was laid to build a Fort
x\G^x Barrcicki purpofely to induce the Englilh to quarrels, which fell out ac- 4^
cordingly, fo that quarrel arofe, and war is denounced, but the Scots fallout
with the French Amba(radorO/eZ^/«/ 5 for taking upon him to rule the Ring-
dome ; at which both he and the Queen-Regent were offended, but know not
how to help it,excepi by haftning the marriage between the young Queen and
the Dolphin,by which means the power of the Lords would be curbed : After
divers excurlions , a great skirmifh there was between the Duke of Norfolk^
and Andrew Car , in which many were wounded and killed on both fides, and
Car taken prifoner : After this, a Parliament is held in Edinburgh^ in which the
French kings letters were read , defirbg the Scots to fend away for con-
fummating of the marriage, and confirming of the old league, fome of their 50
prime men ; whereupon three Peers , two Bifhops, one Prior or Abbot , and
two Provofts were fent away , two (hips of that fleet were funk with ftormy
weather, the Earl oiRothufe^ and B£ed Bi(hop of Orkney faved themfelves in a
Filher-boat^when all theCommiflioners were come on fliore they haften to the
Court; the Guifes who had now the command of all Fr.mce, ufe all the celerity
they can to eonfummate the marriage ; there were five brothers of them , the
eldeft
Chap.jo* flifioryofthelVorld, 583
cldeft was General of the French forces in France^ the fecond of the Ligurian Jn.Chrifii.
forcesithethirdoftheir Army in ^'tvf/rfW; the fourth commanded the Gallics • ^"^ '^
at Murjidcs ^ and the fifth who was Charles the Cardinal, had the difpofing of
I he whole treafure of France : after the nuptial folemn ities were finillied, the
Chancellor of France defires the Scots Commiffioners that the Qiieens
husband might be folemnly inftalled and created King o£ Scotland^ and
that it might be confirmed by Parliament, which motion was rejected by
them as unreafonable , and as no wayes contained within their Commiflion :
Ihortly after four of the prime Commiffioners , with divers of their at-
totendantsdied fuddenly, not vv ithout fufpition of poyfon ^ James the Queens
brother recovered , but never perfeftly , for he had llill after this an infirm
ftomach.
About this time the borders are infefted on both fides with mutual incur-
ficnSj aflcetof Englifhwasfentto infeft the Scots coaft, which arriving iii
Orkney, landed many men to plunder and burn theBifbops feat, and Town of
Orkney , but the fhips were fcattercd and torn by ftorms , and all that came on
fhore were cut in peeces by the Iflanders : great troubles fell out in Sx.Andrevps
about the burning of one AlHvins a revolted Prieft , whofe tombe was erefted
r.nd taken down again divers times, till at laft the ftones were quite carried
20 ^way for other buildings: ht Edinburgh on thcfeftival A:\yoiS.Mgidtusthc
Cities Patron , his ftatue that (bould have been carried about in Proceffion,
was ftoln out of the Church , and another little one being made , and carried
about folemnlyjwas thrown down and trampled upon by the rude multitude,
and all the Proceffion ornaments torn in peeces. Shortly after, PanlMefa»3
Minifter, is fummoned to appear at Edinburgh^ which he refufed,being backed
and fupported by Dundee--, upon this divers prime men out of Fife and Angus^
difperfedthemfelves through the kingdome, exhorting the people to fhake
off the old Religion, and to fubfcribe to the Reformation, and withall they
fend to the Queen Regent, that the Divine-fervice might be ufed in the vulgar
50 tongue, that the people might chufe their own Minifters , and have power to
depofe them^ this motion was rejcfted by the Papal-Clergy with much indig-
nation, but the Regent for quietnefs fake gave way that Divine-fervice be
faid in Scottifh , conditionally that no Minifter be fuffered to preach at Lcith
and Edinburgh i, the Priefts notwithftanding ceafed not to perfecute the Mini-
fters, and caufedfome old Canons to be printed and faftened to the Church-
doors, the copies of which , becaufe fold up and down for farthings apeece,
therefore the people called the Roman religion, The Fart king- faith.
In the Parliament at E^7»/>«r^^ the French Ambaflador, with his fadion,
labour hard to have the Crown of Scotland {et upon the Dolphins head, which
^o at laft after much debate was afl'ented to 5 the Earl of Jrgile , with James the
Qiieens brother , are appointed to convey the Crown into France, but they
fearing this would prove an enflaving of Scotland to France, put off the
journey with long delayes 5 in the interim QueCiiitorj/ of £«^/(««c^diethj and
Mary of Scotland daimeth that Crown, therefore aflumes the Title and Arms
of England, which her husband likewifedid : the Queen Regent alfo began
to carry herfelf more imperioufly then before, petitions were preferred to her
inbehalf of the Proteftants, which (he rejeded^ whereupon threatning
fpeeches are given out of fhaking off her government. The Town of Perth
publickly receives the Proteftant Religion, for which (be threatens Raven the
50 Proved; then ffie fends to Haliburton Provoft of Dundee, to apprehend Mefan,
and fend him to her, but he conveyes him away out of danger; fhe commands
that the next Eafter fhould be kept after the Roman manner, but this her
command was generally llighted; wherefore in a rage fhee fummons to
Sterling all the Minifterv of Scotland^ who at the day appointed came
with multitudes of their own fide to guard them , fo that the Regent
was afraid, and difmiiled them without afting any thing againft them j
favc
^§4 The Second ^ art of the Book. VI.
Jn.Chrifii. fave only that (he profcribed fuch as had not appeared there, as contumacious.
W'V^i-' At this time Knox is Preacher at Verth^ who with his knocking tongue
beat down the quires and chancels of Cathedrals, with the religious houfes,
beginning firft at Fcrth^ where the mad multitude in a few dayes deftroy the
the buildings of the Fri/wcT/ir^w/, Domnicam^ andCarthuJiansi) The like fury-
was feen in Cuper of Frfe , and afterward like a Gangrene it crept into other
J)laces. This fo highly incenfed the Regent , that being affifted by the Earls of
jirgilc and Jthol^ with the French , (he Tuddenly raifed an Army againft Perth :
The Lords of the Reformation with feven thoufand repair thither to defend
the Town , but by the mediation of friends, a peace is made without fheding lo
of blood 3 and the Regent upon the disbanding of her Army is permitted to
enter and flay in the Town with her ordinary attendance during pleafure,
but the French are not permitted to come within three miles of the place :
But after the Regent had been there three dayes , fhebanifheth divers of the
Townfmen, and divers of them (he plunders, and changeth all the ofEcers of
the Town , and then having left a garrifon oiScets there, (he goeth to Sterlin.
This much incenfed the people againft her, wherefore they aflemble in great
numbers, being countenanced by fome Lords ^ and fell upon S. Andrews -^nd
other Towns, fpoiling all the Religious houfes, fo that the Archbifhop with
his guard were forced to flie : whereupon the Regent in a rage commands all 20
the French and Scots of her fide to be in arms at the founding of the trumpet ,
about three thoufand Scots and French repair e to her, but the number of her
enemies was far greater h wherefore (he fends to make peace with them,which
they refufe, becaufe (he did not ufe to keep promife with hereticks, and they
knew alfo that fhe laboured to gain time, whereby (he might have forraign
aid ; yet fome hopes appeared, if fhe would difmifle her garrifon at Terth^ and
fuffer the Town to enjoy her old liberties , which (he refufed to do ■■, where-
fore the Proteftant army from Cuper befiegeth Terth^ which (hortly after is
furrendred to them,and Ruvcn is leftored to his ProvolHhip ; then they march
to the town of Scone , which they burn , for xnurthering a Proteftant againft 3Q
their promife, after this they feife upon -S^er//»,underftanding that the Regent
was fending thither a French garrifon , and there they pull down the Mona-
ftery , thence they march towards Edinburgh , which put fuch a terror in the
French and Scots Catholikes , that they flie to Dunbar ^ the Proteftant Lords
in the interim fet up preaching Minifters every where,
i § 5 9« Mean while news came of the death of king Henry o^ France, which made
the Scots fccure , and the Queen doubtful left (he and her French ftiould be
expelled the kingdome: but hearing that moft of the Scots army was di(^
banded, (he hafteneth with her forces to Edinburgh , where being met with
Duke Hamilton , and Douglajfe Earle oi Morton , they obtain a truce for fome 4*^
moneths, in which it was agieed. That no man (hould be forced againft his
eonfcience to any ceremonies. That Priefts (hould not be debarred of their
Tythes and other duties, That no garrifon (hould be left in £^/«W^/j, That
no religious houfes be demolilhed or converted to other ufes. That the Mint
and Palace wiih all the Royal furniture be reftored to the Regent. Thefe
things being agreed upon , the Regent caufcth ftrange reports to be fpread
abroad , that the Scots Proteftants made religion a pretence of their rebellion,
and that '^atnes the late Kings baftard ftrove by undermining the lawful heire
to ufurp the Crown ; letters alfo are fent to him from king Francis and ^een
Mary^ complaining of his ingratitude and defeftion , to which he anfwcrs by 50
pleading for his own innocencie and eonfcience. In the mean time a thoufana
French mercinaries land in Lieth •-, the Earl o^Arran alfo fled out oi France and
caine home, being threatned with death by the Cutfes for promoting the Pro-
teftantcaufe in France >, He perfwades his father "^umes Hawi It on, htely Regent
o'[ Scotland^ to joyn with the Proteftant party, who now were preparingto
be(icgc the French in Ueth^to whofe relief theFrench king fends two thoufand
men;
CHAP.50. BifioryofthelForld, 585
men , theBidiop oi /iitncns alio with three Sorbon Doftors are fent to difpute /in.Chfifii.
if need were; the Regent upon their comriiingwas To lifted up, that fhe s.^'Vn^*
vowed to be revenged on the Kings and Churches enemies, therefore divers
of the Lords are fummoned to appear, who refufe to come , becaufe they faw
the Regent and the French were bent to enflave the kingdome, by fortifyirig
Lcith^ and filling it with garrifons of ftrangers , to thefeftie fends a Herauld of
■ Arms, (hewing that her whole aim was to mantain the ancient Religion, arid
to keep the kingdome in quietnefs, not for her felf , but for her daughter that
was the fole lawful heir; therefore ("he commands them to lay down ArmSjand
^xo appear to their fummons, orelfetheymuft be proclaimed Rebels : the Lords
return this anfwer,That by reafon the Regent aimed wholly at the deftruftion
of the kingdome and Proteftant Religion, therefore they forbid her to e:c-
ercife her power any more , but to depart from Leitb with the Ambafladof,
Sorbons and garrifon , or elfe they muft force her , which they are loth to do,
by reafon of the league h^\.v^GQVi.ScotUnd and trance^ and the nearnefs of
blood between her and their Queen.
Prefently upon this it is ordered,that the Qiieen-Regents power and autho-
rity was void, that the Embaffie from her daughter and fon-in-law was of no
validity, and withal] an Herauld is fent to Ldth to command all the Scots there
20 to depart within four and twenty hmirs, after this fome light skirmilhes there
were; in the interim the Regent by fair promifes inticeth divers of the Lords
to her fide, and for want of pay the Proteftant fouldiers mutiny, which
much advanced the Regents caufe, who had fecret intelligence of all their
confultations ; befides the Duke of CajicUerot was fearful and wavering to
help thefe evils , chiefly to content the fouldiers , they fend into England. To
borrow a fum of money , for they could not fupply fo great a fum of them-
felves, nor could they coin their plate , becaufe they had not the colnmand of
the Mint ; but Cockburn who was fent to bring money out of England^ is ap-
prehended by Bothwelj, and brought to the Regent with his money 5 the Earl
go of Arran and 'James Stewart thought to have refcued Cock^burn , but were pre-
vented by Bothvpel. The Provoft of Dtmdee^ with his Trained-bands of foot,
and fome mercinaries, as they were marching towards Leith^ were driven back
by the French horfe in great diforder; fo that many whofeemed to be Pro-
teftants,llide back again to Popery; Arran znd Stewart, with fome forces brake
out oi Edinburgh upon the French very raflily, by whom they were de-
feated , and forced to forfakethe City , which they did in the night-time,
and the next day came to Sterling ^ where Knox encouraged them to per-
feverance.
The Protdbnts perceiving the French fide increafe daily, refolve to fend
40 to the Queen of England for aid , (hewing her the danger that might redound
to England, if the French (hould have the command of Scotland : hereupon
fupplies are promifed 5 meanwhile fome part of the Proteftant forces ftay at
Clafcow, and the reft march into F;_/e ; the French before the Englifh came fall
upon thofe in Fife ; plundering and wafting all the Proteftant Towns , houfes
Sc villages in their way. The Proteftant forces a(rcmble at the Town ofDifert^
and for twenty dayes together have light skirmi{hes with the French, and
lying in ambufti apprehended about a hundred Savoyans, half of which they
killed with their Captain, the remainder they fend prifoners to Dundee--, in the
interim a league at Berwick^ ismadehetween the Englifh and them on thefe
50 Articles,Thatthey (hoiild help each other againft any ftrangers in either King-
dome ; That Queen Elizabeth (hould pay both the Scots fouldiers in England^ i $60.
and the Englifti in Scotland-^ That the booties fhould be permitted to the
Englifli, but the Towns and CaftleS to their right owner , and upon this the
Scots were to give Hoftages.
A a a a Chap,'
')S6 The Second Tan of the Book. VI«
jiK.ChnJir.
^■^^^^"^ Chap. XXX.I.
The conlinnatjon of the Englifti H;/?ory w«c/erK7»gEdward^/j<?6. and ^ce»
Mary, from the year i 5 4 6. ?7ji^ i 5 5 8.
54^-
TOKingHf«rj(rucceededhisfonKingE<5^B'4r<^the6. over whole mino-
rity ami Kingdome , his uncle Edward Lord Seymour^ Earl of Hereford
and V^xiktoi Sommerfet is made Protedor : He began his Reign with
altering of Religion^ Mean while the Protcdor not obtaining the promifed 10
marriage for K.ing Edward^ marcheth in perfon with a great Army to Scotland^
and fends about by fea a ftrong fleet, the Regent of Scotland^ caufed the Red
or Fire-croffe to be fet up, a cuftome ufed in times of fuddcn danger , thither
all from lixteen to fixty muft repair, the place of Rendezvous is AlKjJelburgh,
there the two Armies meet , divers skhmifties before the battel , fome killed
and taken prifoners on both fides f, the Earl oi Huntley , to avoid efFufion of
blood, fends a challenge to the Englifh Proteftor either to fight man to man
fingly, or ten to ten, or twenty to twenty^ this demand vas denied and a
battel is fought , in which the Scots firft encounter was fo furious, that the
Englifh horle were forced back, and in retiring bare down a part of their own 20
foot-men , and the Englifh Standard was like to be carried away ; divers
Englifli Captains were (Jain, andrheLordGrejhuit^ the Scots hoping too
much to a deceivable viftory , and being too couragioufly forward difranked
themfelves for hafle, and fell upon the disbanded Englifh, who being brought
again into array , prefled hard upon the enemy, who for want of fliot , con-
fufedly retired to the main body, which thinking the day had been lofV,turned
their backs and fled, thcchafe was followed almoft five miles, divers men of
quality were f Iain, befides ten thoufand commons fouldiers, and a thoyfand
taken prifoners.
The Pr.-tedtor upon his return, calls a Parliament at L<7W<7«, -in which all ?0
Chantries, ColledgeSj and free Chappels are given to the King. The fix Ar-
ticles were repealed , and fome other Statutes againft heretical Tenents; In-
jundicttis are fent forth to pull down all Images in Churches , beginning at
St. rmls in Londorf, which caufed great {\irs, chiefly in Divonfiire and Cornwall
where one of the Commiffioners were ftabbed, and a great infurreftion againft
the King is hatched ^ ten thoufand take Arms, and befiege Exeter , which was
in fuch difiirelfe , that the Townfmen fed upon bran and horfe-fielli , for this
loyalty the Cities Charters were confirmed, their liberties inlarged, and the
Mannor of Exilend beftowed on them ; the Rebels mean while fpoil the
Country, of which at laft growing weary, and not finding the aid they looked 4^
for, fent their Articles of peace to the King : i. That Baptifmebe admini-
flred in all times of need. a.That children be Bifl:oped or Confii med. 3. That
the Lords body be confecrated and referved in Churches , and Mafle celebra-
ted as before. 4. That holy-bread and holy-water be ufed. 5. That the
Priefts fing or fay Mafle in the Quire of the Parifh-Churchcs. 6. That Priefls
live chafte without marriage. 7. That the Hy. Articles of King Henry the 8.
be ufed. The King upon this fends them a general pardon , blaming them for
their prefijmption and folly, fliewing them that their demands were not to be
granted,and that if they did not fubmit,they fhould feel the dint of his fword^
notwithflanding all this, they perfifl in their rebellion till Sir John Knjfel^i^o
Lord Privy- feal , was fent with fome forces againft them , with whom he en-
counters near H(?«//w f, a cruel fight was maintained by the Comif) till their
hearts failing them, they began to give back and flie; the Royalifts diforderly
fall to the fpoil, which the C<?r«//Z( perceiving, fuddenly returned , and gave a
new onfcr, a cruel encounter followed, three hundred Rebels are killed , and
the reft take to their heels.
After
Ch A p. 3 1 . I^ift^O ^f ^^^^ 1 For Id, 587
After this, the Royalifts being now a thounnKlfii ong, by the addition oi An.chrijit
an Italian-band intended againft-^rfi'/A/Wi^ under the Lord Grey of Miltun--, the ^-'""V^-i
Lord Ruffel marcheth over the Downs to the relief of Exeter-^ the Pvebcls
encounter with him again, and are again defeated , with the lofle of molt
of their lives ^ the reft got into the Town of S. Mary clift , who were aided
prefently with multitudes of people, carrying into the field the Crucifix
under a Canopy i another battel is fought wherein the Rebels are utterly
defeated and llain, their chiefe Captains are taken and executed by
Marfhal-law^ Boy en the Maior of Bodmin in Corttwall was commanded by
10 the Provoft-marfiwl to fet up a paire of Callows, on which he was im-
mediately hanged himfelfe , the Millers man alfo who called himfelfe by
his Mafters name was hanged upon the next Tree, being told by the faid
Knight that he could never do his Mafter better fervice then to hang for
him : At the fame time alfo there were great troubles in divers places
about laying open of Inclofures , which the poor people began to put in
pi aftice themfclves, prefuming upon the Kings Commiflion 5 but the greatefl: ' 5 4 J**
commotion was in Norfolkc raifed by John Flojverderv , and Robert Ket, cafting
down one anothers fences and hedges : At laft this Kef is made Captain of
this commotion , to him multitudes flock , the High-SherifFe made Pro-
20 clamation for them to depart 5 but had not his horfebeen the fwifter, he
had been killed by them^ they make MonJIiold the place of their Rendez-
vous, their behaviour was very barbarous even to all their friends, for Sir
Roger IVoodhoufc for his kindnefle in bringing them two carts laden with
beer and viduals, lofeth both his horfes and apparrel, and almoft his lifCj,
having his body abufed and caft in prifon 5 tothefe the fcum both of Ncr/(?/4
and 5//^o/4 aflembled, who by ringing of bells, and firing of Beacons fet
all in an uproar, they forced divers good fubjefts to dance after their pipej
in the Rings name they gave out warrants to apprehend and im-
prifon whom they pleafed, their number now was increafed to fixteen
goihoufandf Kct the Tanner fits as fupreme Judge in an old Tree, which
hee called the Oake of Reformation, from thence hec delivered his
oracles.
Thefe men were now fohigh, that they fcorned the Kings pardon, which
by an Rerauld at Arms was proclaimed to them, they batter the walls of
Norxvich , and enter into it , feifing upon all the provifion and munitions , im-
prifoning the Maior and other Citizens^thither Par Marqueffe of Northampton
is fent by the King with one thoufand five hundred horfe, to whom prefently
the Magiftrates furrendred the Cities Sword, and fo he enters 5 the Rebels
that fame night aflaulted it with the lode of three hundred of them , the next
^oday they enter the Town and began a bloody fight, in which the Lord
shcffefld WAS ciut^Wy ila'm , having fallen from his horfe, and the Marquefle
forced to forfake the City 5 Sir Thomas Cornvpallis is taken prifoner,
and at lafl: the Town is ranfacked and (et on fire by the Rebels : After
this the Lord Dudley is made General againft them, who (hewing him-
felfe upon the Plain before Normch, fent againe the Kings pardon,
which is reje\5ted , wherefore he platits his Ordnance againft Saint Stevens
Gate, which being forced open, the Earle of Warvpjck^ enters, and
in the Market place, with fmall refiftance, executes threefcore Rebels
by Marlhial-laW5 but they feifed on the Earls powder and (hot, and
50 conveyed it to their Camp, they manned the ftreets and kill many
Royallifts, but at length are forced backe to Monfiold ^ againft v^hich
place IVarvrick^ planted his Ordnance , but the Rebels fell with fuch
violence upon his forces, that they gave back , leaving the Artillery to the
Rebels.
The Earl being over-mafteredj wasadvifed by fome to be gone, but he
drawingliis fword, crfufed his friends to do the like, who with a mutual kiflc
A a a a 2 confirmed
%S8 The Second Tan of the Book. VI:
An.Cbrifti. confirmed their courage^and refolutions •■, then they ftop all provifions from
»-i<"V'>«>-' the Rebels , but they arofe thence and entrenched themfelves in the valley
called Di/jjinduky upon a vain prophefie that [_Hoh, Dicl{, and H/cJQ that is, the
Rufticks with their clubs fliould fill that valley with dead bodies ^ the next
day the Lord General prepares to fight, having received a fupply of one
thoufand and four hundred Lances , but firft fends a pardon which they rcjeft
again:, the Rebels place all their prifoners coupled in irons in the fore-rank
of their Army, and with a (hot ftruck the Kings Standard-bearer in the thigh,
whereupon the Earl difchargeth his wholeArtillery upon them5and fo opened
their battel that mod of the captive Gentlemen efcaped^ the Royalifts lo
fought fo ftoutly, that the Rebels gave back and fled, the fore-mofl: of which
was their Captain fCt'f 5 the chafe continued three miles, with the flaughter
of three thoufand five hundred Rebels , fome refolute men ftaid to keep the
Ordnance,to whom the General proiFers a pardon, which they refufe, chufing
rather to die like men then to be hanged up like dogs, as was intended; the
General fendb again that he would come in perfon and confirm the pardon if
they made any doubt thereof, which he did accordingly, and fo they flung
down their Arms and prayed for the King.
Captain Ket the next day hid himfelf in a Darn , and was betrayed by two
of his fervants, then with two hundred horfe was conveyed to Norwich^ nine 2C
chief Rebels are hanged upon the Oak of Reformation ■', Wiliiam Ket the
younger brother was hanged upon an high fteeple, and Robert Ket the
Arch-iebel in chains upon theCaftle of Norvpnh-'i the Townfmen folemnifed
yearly the day of their delivery. The North alfo wasnot a little troubled
about Religion, divers parts of Tork-finre (Tandingupforthe old Faith, the
flame brake out firft at Stimcr in the North-riding , the Beacons are fired , and
multitudes flock together, who firft murthered H hitc a Gentleman, with fome
other?, whole naked body they left upon the Wold before Sehiter^ then they
carried many prifoners away , and being now increafed to three thoufand
began to grow formidable; but when the Kings pardon came, Ombler aS^
yeoman, and Dak a Paridi-cleik , the chief fv ing-leaders, were forfaken
by the multitude, and (liortly after with fome others were executed at
Tork, . / _ .
Not onely is the Country difquieted , but the Court alfo by the Rings two
uncles Q^ieen lanes brothers, to wit, Fdward Duke of Sommerjet the elder, and
Protcftorof the Kings perfon and Kingdome-, and ihor/ias luoxd Seymour the
younger. Admiral, who married Katherim Par King Henries laft wife : (he ftri-
ving tor precedencie with the Proteftors Dutchefle, raifedfucha Tragedy,
that Lord 'ibvmas is accufed, attainted and condemned of Treafbn, and
under his brothers hand- writing , beheaded on the Tower-hill for purpofing 4^
to deftroy the King, and to tranflate the Crown to himfelf : fliOi tly after this
feventeenCounfellors, and many Lords accufe the Proteftor of ambition,
mifgovernment, pride, fedition , and divers treafons, for which they defire
the Londoners help to remove the King from him; the Protestors party on
the other fide,defire the Londoners aid againft thefe mutinous Lords : in their
alTcmbl V the Citizens were divided,till the Recorder ftood up , and told them
what danger it might be to aft any thing againft the King, as the Londoners
once did by aiding the Barons againft King Henry ihc:^. for which they lofl:
tb.cir priviltdges, therefore headvifeth them to petition the King that com-
plaints may be heard againft the Proteftor; whereupon the King is fentto, 5°
t he Protector commanded from his prefcnce and fent to the Tower, where he
is accufed by the Kings Counfellors for afting without the aflent of the laft
Kings Executors, for fubverting Laws, and ftoppingof Juftice, forreleafing
divers ti aytors and murtherers out of prifon , for making Captains under his
own feal, for communicating alone with foreign Ambafladors about matters
of State, for threatning the Privy-counfellors who difVentedin any thing
from
Chap.31. Hiflory of the TForld. 589
from him; for erecting a Court of Requefts inhjsownhoufej for felling of /?».C/jri^ 7.
Offices, Biihopricks and fome of the Rings lands without confent i for com- L/'V^W
mandingmultiphcationby^/o««>;j?ry, to theabufe of the Kings Coyn; for
fetting forth Proclamations againit inclofures^ caufing thereby divers infurre-
ftions, for giving Commiffions againft lavi^, concerning Commons, High-
wayesj and Cottages ; for not fupprefRng the Rebels , and for encouraging
divers of them;, and for fetting forth Proclamations in favour of them, for
negleding the Forts of Nfn7-/j4w« and £/iic)^«(?//e , for fowing difcord among
the Lords, and incenfing the king againft them, andlaftly,foraccufingthe
, Q Lords of high-treafon, becaufe they confulted how to have thefe abufes re-
formed.
The proteftor notwithftanding thefe accufations, is by the king fet at liberr
ty, though not reftored to his former dignity , and fo he remained untouched
two years: Mean while the Lord Grey was not idle in Scotland^ but took ia
fome forts 5 before him one Newton and Hamilton fought a duel, accullng each
other for fome opprobrious words uttered againft king Edward^ Hamilton is
flain,and Nervton rewarded with a gold Chain and the Lord Gre/s Gown : But
not long after, the Engli(h by the Scots and French are totally driven out of
S cot land, and dW the Forts retaken by them. The French alfo attempt tofur-
aoprife Bulkignebergh, but were prevented by one Carar an Englifli fouldier,
who difcovered the plot 5 many of the French wereflain in the attempt, fo
that fifteen waggons went away laden with dead bodies : after this they at-
tempt the Hies of Jerfey and Gemfey , but were repulfed with the loile of one
thoufand of their men, which made them alhamed to divulge this expedition.
But not long after, the French obtain by furrender , HamiUoune^ Black^ejJ'e^
Bal/ojgnebergh, and Eu'Joigne it felf About this time the fweating ficknefle 1530.
raged fiercely in England^ and on the Englifli onely beyond feas , which made
them to be (hunned in all places.
The Duke oUsommcrfet is now again apprehended, after he had married his
goeldeft fon the LordL///e to the Earl of ^Fdnr/c/^/ daughter , which Earl had
been his greateft enemy 5 who now by Sommerfets means is made Duke of
Northumberland ; but is accufed notwithftanding by Warvpick^ and the other
Counfellors, for wearing a coat of defence under his garment at the Counfel- j >; 15 j.
Tabfe, as if he intended the death of fome Counfellour; wherefore he is at-
tached, and fent to the Tower, with the Lord Grey of Milton and fome others;
and the next day the Dutchefs oi Somnterfct is committed,all upon fufpicion of
Treafon : The Duke was indifted of treafon and fellony '■> but having put
h>jmfelf upon his Peers, is cleared of the treafon , but not of the fellony; for
which he is condemned to die ; therefore is fent back to the Tower , where
aohe kept a fad Chriftmafle: the 22 oi February a^tcx ^ he was brought to the
Scaffold upon the Tower-hill, where he acknowledged how willing and
ready he was to dye, and to pay that debt, which God might on a fudden have
exafted from him : Upon this a great tumult arofe among the fpe6fators,uponi
the comming in of the Hamblets to guard the Tower-hil; fome fuppofing they
were come to refcue the Duke; which was no fooner quieted , but another en-
fued upon Sir j^nthony Browns riding towards the Scaffold ; the people think-
ing a Pardon had been come, for which they were glad; but the Duke de-
lired them to be quiet, that he might die without trouble ; and praying for the
profperity of the King and his CounceUaid down his head to the Axe.
50 The king takes the Dukes death fo much to heart, that he fell into a Con-
fumption : Mean while, to alter the fucceffion of the Crown , three marriages
are Iblemnized in one day: betwixt Dudley Northumberlands fourth fon , and
'jane, Suffolk^ eldeft daughter; the other was betwixt Herbert^ Pembrokj heire,
^Aud Catherine^ Sujfolhj youngeft daughter; the third between Hrfj?/;f^j, Htf«-
t/ngtons heir, and Catherine^ Northiimbcr lands youngeft daughter. Jane the
cideft daughter of Suffolk^ was thought fitteft for the Crown , to whom king
EdWitrd
^po The Second Tan of the Book VI.
An.Chrijh. Edward left it by his Will, being perfwaded thereto by thofe wlio would have
y./O^'^s^'^^^^ disinherited ^/</r;' and £//z.<t/'ef/'. This was fubfcribed by the Kings Council,
the Lords, the BiOiopSj and Judges ^ onely Sir ']ames Hales Juftice of the Com-
mon-Pleas would not fubfcribe, fhortly upon this the king died. He was a
Prince, though young, yet of great hopes and parts;, much enclined to mercy,
fo tha the could hardly be induced to fet his hand to the Warrant of ']oan But-
chers execution, a notable Heretick, till he was urged thereto by Cranmer his
God-fatherjand Archbifhop oiCdttterhmy^ He was very zealous forthePro-
teftant Religion, fothat he could not be moved by cA^r// the Empcrour,to
give way that the Lady il/^ry fliould have Mafle faidin her houfe, but wept lO
when he was urged to it , and wrote a paffionate letter to his (ifter, diflvvading
her to continue in her Catholick refolution. Upon a Sermon which Dr. Rid-
ley preached before him, concerning mercy to be Jlierved by rich men to thd poore^
he was fo touched in conference , that he conferred after dinner with the Do-
ftor of fome way, whereby he might doe mofl: good to the poore ^ the Doftor
advifeth him to take direftions from London: The king upon this writes to
the Lord Major about this bufinefle, and fends his letter by Bifhop Ridley^ who
having conferred with the Major and his Brethren, returns to the King with
the Cities advice : Hereupon, he gives to them St. Bart-holmevps Hofpital by
Smithjjcld^and the Gray-Fners Church neer to itjwith all its revenews ^ alfo his 20
houfe oiBridcivell{ new built by king Henry for the reception of the Emperor)
to be a Houfe of Corredion for idle and diflolute perfons : He gave alfo the
Hofpital of Saint Thomas in Southrvarl{^ with feven hundred Marks by year
out of the rents of the Hofpital of Saint 'John Bupti^ or the Savoy , with
' 5 ^ ^' bedding and other furniture ; other charitable works he alfo did, and then
died at Greenirichthe feventeenth year of his Age, and the feventh year of his
Reign , and lieth buried at IVejiminjier^ neer Henry the feventh.
To him fucceeded his filler Qiieen Mary 5 but the Statefmen concealed his
death two dayes, intending Jane fhould fucceed , as being more firm to Prote-
ftantifme then Mury-y for this caufe the Counfel fends for the Major of London, 23
fix Aldermen and twelve Commoners, who all fwear for the Lady Jane : But
the Lady Jl/ary hearing of this news,writestothe Lords,accufing them for con-
cealing her brothers death ^ for ncglefting her who was next heire to the
Crown, ordained by ad of Parliament, and her fathers teftament 5 therefore
wills them to Prcclaim her Queen in London, and other towns : To thefe let-
ters the Lords made anfwer , that according to the laft Kings Will, Jane
daughter to Htwr; Duke of SHJfolk^ihould fucceed to the Crown f, they alfo
put her in niinde of her mothers Divorce, and her own illegitimation ■■> there-
fore they wifh her to defift from any fuchclaime: this letter was fubfcribed,
by the Archbifhop, the Chancellour, and divers Lords. The Lady Jlfary upon 40
reception of this letter removes to FreminJIoam CuiWe ^ toHvhom the Suffolk^
men reforted firft, hoping (he would eftablilh Proteftantifme : The Lords at
London Pvoch'im the kings death, and Queen jf^w his fucceflbur by his laft
Will -, but at Norwich Queen Mary is proclaimed , and aflifted by the Earls of
Sujjex, Bath, c^nd Oxford, with the Lord Wentworth, and divers others: To
encounter thefe, Queen Jane's father is appointed with an army to repair into
Norfolk, which fo grieved Queen Tane, that with tears fhe got him to ftayj
then was the Duke cf Northumberland affigned Lord Lieutenant for Queen
Ian\ \\h< m his Ton had married ^ he fearing the worft, wilhed the Lords to be
careful' of \\ hat they went about, and fo with fix hundred men he luarcheth 5^
out of London through shoreditch, the people (hewingnofigneof joy at all,
which the Duke obferved.
Mean while the Lord It^'indfore with others, raife the Commons of Buckjng-
ham-fjirc, .ind proclaim Queen Mary-, the like is done in Oxford-flme^nnd
Northamplon-pire •■, all thefe made forward towards Norfolk:- hcCidcs fix tall
(hips, appointed to hav^talien the Lady Mary if ilie had fled ^ being driven by
ftorms
Ch A p. 3 1 . Hiflory of the IForJd. ^91
itorms into r.ii7/;(7////) haven, revolted to Qiiecn Mmj-^ at the report of' this, ylfr.chnfii
the Lords in the Tow er began to be afraid , and their Tenants to deny them ^-*'"V-Vi«
any aide;, NorthiimbcrUnd ^\\\ follicited the Lords for more affifrance , but
little came 5 Dr. Ridly Biflwp of London by command maintains Queen Lines
caufe in his fermon at Patds Crojje, but could not work upon the people;
which the Lords perceiving, fell off from the Duke then at Burj^ and proclai-
med Queen M»;>' in L^'m.^ow : the Duke willing to follow the ftream, returns
toCarftbridgc, where being forfaken by moft of his fouidiers, he proclaims
her Queen himfelf without Trumpet or Herauld, and in figne of joy threw up
TO his Cap: yet all were pardoned by her , except this Duke and S'u lohnGates
Captain ot the guard : the Duke was firfl: arrelled by a Sergiant at arms, and
the next morning by the Earle o^ Arundel^ and thence was conveyed with his
three fons, the Earl of Hitntington and divers others to the Tower , where alfo
the Lady Une and her husband Dudlji were imprifoned.
At the Queens entrance into the Tower, khomai Duke o^ Norfolk v/as re-
leafed, who had lain there from the laft of Henrj the eighth 5 fo was Edward
Lord Cottrtncy, whom (he makes Earl oiDevon-pire^ Tfinjrallhiihop o£Durhaw^
and Gardmer o^Pt^'inchejier are releafed alfo 5 Doftor Ridly and fome other Pro-
teftant Biftiops are depofed, Ridly ^znd Cranmer Arch-bifhop, arefenttothe
20 Tower; fo conftantly devoted (he was to the Catholick Religion, that her
brother king E^jr-ari^ could never work upon her, nor any worldly refpcds
alter her refolution : The Duke of\V//j«w/»er/d»d'upon the Scaffold renoun- '554°
ces the Protel\ant Faith , and exhorts the people to the Catholick Religion ;
yet he was beheaded with Sir lohn Gates and Sir Thomas Palmer. The Queen
is crowned at IVeJin/inJier by' Gardiner Bi(hop o£ Winchejier i, the Lady lane
. with her husband are condemned in Guild-hall-^ fhe was pittied, becaul'e (he
was in a manner forced to accept the title of Queen •■, therefore (he had the li^
berty of the Tower, and had been pardoned, but that her father the Duke of
Suffolk, went about to hinder the Queens marriage , with king Vhilip o£spain-y
50 and to this purpofe inftigates Leicejier-jlnrc and Warwicl^-Jlme againrf: the
match : Upon this, the Earl oi Huntington is fent who takes Coventry ^o.n6. after-
ward the Duke, whom his own fervant betraied , and his brother Lohn Lord
Orey-^ the other brother Lord 7 Aow^efcaped, but was retaken , and all three
lent to the Tower : Lord Gilford Dudley \s fii(t beheaded, whofe bleeding
body was in the fight of his fad Lady brought into the Tower Chappel , who
was the next that fuffered, and was much lamented for her innocency : Judge
Margan that condemned her, fell mad eleven dayes after the Duke oi Suffolk
was executed on the Tower-hil , and about two moneths after his brother
Lord Thomas Grey in the fame place fuffered.
40 Gardine); now Lord Chancellor, fets forth highly the match with Spaine , to
the Lords in the Prefence Chamber 5 yet many of them fo diflikedit, that
combinations were made, and arms taken up by Sir Thomas VVyat of Kent, who
at Maidftone publilhed a Proclamation againft the Queens match, from thence
he goeth to Rochejier^ and breaks down the Bridge 5 divers fided with VFyat
and many in Kent were againft him, fo that the Country is much divided. The
Duke oi'Norfolk^ is fent to Gravefend with five hundred Londoners to maintain
the Queens caufe: when the two adverfe faftions met, a cruel skirmi(h en-
fuedf, but at length the Queens party prevailed, and the other fled; but
(hortly after, tht Duke by his own treacherous party was fo betrayed , that he
50 was forced to flie, and leave behind him to ^'/^^* eight braffe pieces of Ord-
nancs ; with thefe VVyat affaileth Corrling-Cajile , but was refifted by the Lord
Cohham : Shortly after-, he had a Parly at Dartford with Sir Edward Hafiings,
Mafter of the Horfe, and Sir Thomas Cornronllk^ who demand of him the
Caufe of this Rebellion 5 heanfwers, that he feared the Land would be Over-
run by (Grangers : Then they defire him to come and communicate the caufe
bcfoi^thcQucenjWhich he refufed except he might have the cuftody of the
ToWef
"^^1 The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An.Chrifii, Tower, and the Queen in it , with power to place and difplace the Queens
'^.^^^^sr^^^j Counfellors:, to which Hajiings replied, That H^yat and twenty thoufand more
fliould die^ before he (houldhave his traiterous demands granted^ fo they
parted, and Ifyat approacheth with his forces towards London , at which both
the Court and City were afraid, who all take Arms, even the Lawyers in
Wejiminjier pleaded in harnefle. The SpamJI) Ambafladors Ileal away by-
water.
Mean while good news came, that the feditious Careivs and Gibs in Cornwall
were defeated and fled^ the Queen comes in ftate to Guild-hall, where before
the Maior, Aldermen, and chief Citizens, fhe made a fpeechjdeclaring her i O
right to the Crown , the unreafonablenelTe oiWyats demands, making her
marriage a cloak for his pretended purpofes againft her perfon and dignity,
(he alfo fliews her true love to them , and that fhe will not marry but by their
confent , and for their good , therefore fhe wilheih them to be as careful of
her honour and fafety, as fhe will be of their weal and happineile ^ the Queen
having faid 5 returns to the Court, and makes Herbert^o.x\ oi Fembrol^ her
Field-General, and proffers a hundred pound land by the year to him that
(hall bring W^/rf dead or alive, who underftanding all pailagcs marcheth to-
ward I. Wo» with four thoufand men, at whom the White-tower fhot but
did no hurt , he enters Sottthwark^ peaceably , the people there joyning with ^o
him^ liinchcjter houfe is rifled contrary to his Proclamation.
ff'jiat having got SoHthrcark.,, comes to the Bridge, but finding the gate
(hut, he planteth his Ordnance againft it ; the Lord Maior cuts down the
draw-bridge, and fortifies the City every where, caufing the Ordnance
in the Tower to be levelled againft the Bridge-foot : much Artillery is
planted SLgw\r\{\:Southvt>ark, which made the inhabitants with tcares to be-
feech IVyat to be gone, who prefently marched to Kingjion upon ihames^
where finding the bridge broken down, he quickly again repairs it, and fo
marcheth to Eranford:, the Queens Army takes S.James fields ^ ifjat marcheth
towards Charing-crofle , the Ordnance {^laying upon each other, but to little 20
purpofe:; the Lord Chamberlain atCharing-crofiemade fomerefiftance, but
was fcrced back to the gates of White-hall, which were fhut, the Court being
affrighted with a report that the Lord General was revolted to ^Fy^r, who in
the interim haftcneth toLudgate, but could not there have any admittance^
Ibmeof his ftraglers that'had taken into Wejifuinjier^ comming before the
Court-gates, fliot their arrows into the garden and into the windows , but no
hurt was done : At Charing-croffe as they were going to joyn with Wyat^ they
are encountred by the Captain of the guard and defeated, twenty of them
being (lain , IVyat returns difcontented from Ludgate, and is ftaid at Temple-
bar by fome of the Queens horfe, fome bickering there was, but upon the 40
couniel of an Herauld at Arms. IVyat fubmits to the Queens mercy, who with
Cnbham and fome others are carried to the Court,and thence to the Tower^ in
London 50 were hanged ioxWyats confpiracy, and 400 more led through the
Citv to Wejtmwjicr with halters about their necks , who were all pardoned by
theQueen, U'yat having acknowledged his offence upon the Scaffold, and
exhorted the people to take heed they rife not againft the higher powers^
fubmits his neck to the ftroke of the Axe.
In Kent divers perfons were executed for this rebellion ^ the Lord Courtney
and Lady Elizabeth the Queeens fifter are fufpefled as aiders unto Z/^)'^^ , and
therefore are fent to the Tower :, the Lady Ehzabeth being fick at Afl^ridge^ is 5^
conveyed away by aTroop of horfe to the Court, where fhe was for a forth-
night in the nature of a prifoner, none being fuffered to vifit her but they that
kept the doors (he was accufed by Bi(h0p Gardiner and nine more of the
Ccuncel, that (he was privy to iVyats confpiracy, and the ftirs in the Weft , all
which (he conftantly denied ^ then they told her fhe muft go to the Tower , at
which (he was much troubled, defiring the Lords that they would mediate
for
Ch A p. 3 1 . Hijtdry of the W^orld, ^5? 3
for her-, but about an hourc after her attendants arcdifchargcd, except hex An.chnjtT,
Gentleman-ufher, three Gentlewomen, and two G rooms ot" h^s chamber, and ^-vv-iS
withalla ftrift guard is fet over her, the next dayflie is commanded to the
Tower , and her Barge was ready for her ^ (lie defires to flay till the next tide'
which was denied her, then (lie intreats fo much time as to write a letter to
the Qiieen , one of the two Lords that came to her would not yeeld to her re-
queft, but the Earl of 6'«//cx granted it 5 and promifed to deliver it with his
own hand to the Queens in the interim the tide was fpcnt, and they dui ft: not
truft her to the next tide, which fell out in the night, for fear (he might be
jQ forcibly taken from the guards therefore the next day being Palmfunday, and
the Londoneis then all at Church, flieis conveyed to her Barge, cafting her
eyes towards the windows as fliepaired through the garden, hoping fome
would pity her ^ fuch hafte was made to have her away, that they would not
ftay till the water was level, whereupon as fhe pafied the Arch,the ftern of the
boat ftruckagainft the ground, fothat Ihewas forced toftepintothe water
before fhe could come to the ftairs.
When fhe entred the Tower, (he refted her felf a while upon a cold ftone iii
the rain,and then was put into a room which was locked and bolted upon her,
fo with her family (he went to prayer 5 the Lords would have had her been a
20 clofe prifoner, but the Lord Sufjcx would not yeeld to it, then after two dayes
it was commanded (he (hould have Mafl'e in her lodgings : Winchejier with
fome others of the Councel examined here in the Tower of the talk (he
had with Sir '^amcs Crop a prifoner , and of her removing from Jfiridge to
D«»;;/»g<<?«-Caftle,and of fuch other frivolous matters, at which the Lord of
Jrundd was offended that ftie (hould be vexed thus caufeleflely : growing
fickly in her clofe prifon for want of aire, liberty was given her to walk in the
Queens lodgings , and in the garden, a'l prifoners being inhibited to looK
that way whilft (he was there 5 (he took delight in a little boy that brought
her flowers every day , but upon fufpicion the boy might convey letters be-
2Q tween her and the Lord Courtney , he was kept from her 5 fome of her enemies
had got a warrant to be figned for her execution , at which Mr. Bridges the
Lieutenant being troubled , went to the Queen to know her further pleafure
therein, who denied fhe knew of any fuch warrant , blamed the doers , and
gave a contrary command : but (hortly after the Conftable is difcharged, and
Six Henry Be nni field was placed iri his room ^ (he was not long after removed
from the Tower to Richmond^ where upon the removal of her fervants , and
placing of fouldiers about her,fhe thought flie fhould have died that night,but
the Lord Tame who then attended her^aflured her of the contrary.
From Richmond (he is conveyed to Woodjlockj^ the people who wi(bed her
lq well, not being fuffered to falute or pray for her ^ fome were put in the (Vocks
for ringing the bells, hoping fhe had been delivered : when (he was 'at
IVoodjiock, , it was fufpeded that fome Ruffians had been fent to murther her,
but they could not have any acceflfe to her :, one night (^whether accidentally
or purpofely it was not known ) her lodgings took (ire, to the great endange-
ling of her perfon ••, fo comfortle(re was her life to her , that one day feeing a
maid milking her kine in the Park, fhe wilTied that her felf was a milk-maid.
Qiiecn ALiry (hortly after her Coronation called a Parliament at Ifejiminjier^ ^ ^ ^
and a Convocation in S. Pauls Church , where fhe commanded a difputation 5 5 5.
to be had of fome controverted points of Religion , for fix dayes difputations
50 were had, but to no purpofe, wherefore fhe by Bonner d\i^o\\es the Aflemblyj
not long after, Cranmtr^ Ridly^wA Latimer^ fometime Bifbops, were fent to
Oxford to difpute upon the fame points, but thefe three at the end of the dif-
putation are condemned to die, and were burned as hercticks : at London a
Rain-bow in verfed, and two Suns at once were feen,which were held bad pre-
figes of the marriage with spayn^ much difliked by the people^ but the queen
gave order that I.^«<^t'« and-other places (hould be informed of the benefits
B b b b which
5P4 fWSecondTmofthe BookVI.
jn-chrijii. which would accrue to this Kingdome by that match^ the Earl of Bedford and
«^.'<^'■^/'"^>-' the Lord Fitz,-vi>aters were fentinto Spain to conduft Ringr/j///f , the Lord
Admiral w ith eight and twenty {hips fecured the Teas , rhthp with a Navy of
1 50. fail arrived in England, and lands in Southampton , he was the firft of the
fleet that landed , all the way as he went he bare his naked fword in his hand^
but before he went to his lodging, he betook himfelf to his devotions in Holj-
Roodi Church, the like he did at H'inchefier ; the Earl of Anmdel Steward of
the Queens houfe prefents him with the Garter, and the Maior with the keyes
of Southa»iptoni, the Queen meets him at Winchejier^whexe thefe Articles were
agreed on: 1. That P/j/Z/plhould be filled King of F«^/(<«<^ during the Matri- 10
mony, but not difpofeofany lands or offices. 2. That il/jr; fhould be Queen
of the dominions of Spain. 5.That her dowry (hould be yearly fixty thoufand
pounds f Icmijl}. 4. That their iilue male or female (hould fucceed according to
the Laws. 5. That \^ Charles the Infant of Spain died iifueleffe, then the eldeft
fon of this Matrimony fhould fucceed in all the dominions of Charles the Em-
peror. 6.That the dominions of the Low-countries and Burgundy (hould be ex-
cluded from the (liid Charles his illue if they remainedj and (hould be enjoyed
by the eldeft born of this njarriage, without further claim to any other domi-
nions o^ Spain. J. That the eldeft female of this marriage, for want of male,
fhould poifeffe thefe don)inions, provided (he marry a Nobleman either of 2°
Belgium or of England. 8. That the eldeft daughter of King rhil/p and queen
il/u;;;' (hould fucceed to the Realms of £«5/rf»^, Spain znd Belgium. 9. That
thefe feveral dominions be governed by their Natives. 10. That a firm peace
be concluded betwixt thefe Nations for ever.
Befides thefe generals,the King articles. That he will beftowno Englijh pre-
ferments on ftrangers, That his Court (hall be replenifhed with natives of the
land; That he (hall not violate any priviledges oi England-^ That he (hall
not carry the Queen cut of her Kingdome without her confent, iwr her
childrenjbut by the affent of the Lords; That if he die i(ruele(re, the fucceflion
(hall come to the nex heir; That he fuffer not to be carried away the Jewels of oq
the Crown, neither guns, nor any furniture of war ; And laftly, That he
1554. (hall not entangle England with the wars of his father , and the French King.
Things thus ordered, the marriage is folemnized at IVhicheJier on S.JamJet
day, w here C£fars Ambailadors pronounced , That their Mafter in conlidera-
tion of this marriage had given to his fon rhtlip the Kingdomes of Naples and
Jerufalem-.;, whereupon their titles were there folemnly proclaimed; then
they went from the Church , having two fwords carried before them. So dif-
contented were fome Proteltants'at this match,and advancement oftheRoma/t
faith 3 that one Bourn preaching at rWi--crofle, had a dagger thrown at him,
which caufed the Crofle the next Sunday to be guarded by the Qiieens 40
guard ; The next year Dr. Pendleton had a gun (hot at him ; A maid was
taught to fpeak in a wall, as if it had been an Angel , againft the Queen,
the Prince o^ Spain, and the Mafle; a Cat was hanged on a gallows in
cheapo her head (horn , and wearing a vefture like a Cope , and many other
abufcs were offered , which made the Queen and Bifiiops ever after jealous of
the Londoners.
Q^etn Mary, to be better direded in matters of Religion, fends for her
kinftnan Cardinal Fool, the fon o^ Margaret Countefle of Salisbury, the
onely daughter of George Duke of Clarence, King Edward the 4. fecond
brother, he had been bred in Oxford, and made Dean of Fxeter by K. Henry, at 5©
Fadua he ftudied fcven years , where underftanding the King had caft off the
Pope, refufed to return into England, wherefore he is proclaimed Traitor and
his Denary taken from him, to recompence which lofte, the Pope made him a
Cardinal.; he did follicite foreign Princes againft King Henry, for which he not
being able to be revenged on rool, wracks his anger on his mother, being now
eighty years old, whom he caufed to lofe her head ; then he was made Legate
of
ChAp.51. Btfiory of the IForld. 5^5
ofyiterhim, and is appointed.hy Pope Paul the third to he one of his Vice- An.Chrifti,
gerents in the Council o^Trent 5 he was afterwards chofen Pope, but being acv U^^V^** '
cufed by Cardinal Caraffa, as a favourer of Proteftants, he cleared himfelf
andwaschofen again, but he not being nimble enough to ftrike the Irori
while it was hot , the Cardinal f;/e Monte, afterward "Juliuf the third , fteps be-
tween him and the.Papal-chaire , who caufed Carajfa to ask roolc forgivenefle,
then Poole retires to Verona , where in the Mdnafrery of Saint Bennet, of which
order he was both Profeflbr and Patron, he reGdes a while.
Shortly after this, Queen Mary {ends for him into England, for (he had been
j^ bred under the Countefle his mother, and he wasalfo of the blood royal,'
which put him in fome hopes he might change his Hat for a Crown : ButC^
far miftrufting his intentjkept him back,till the match was concluded betiveen
his fon arid Queen Mary. Carajfa being now Pope, fends Friar Peta to-difr
charger We of his Legative power, which iriuch incenfed the Queen ^ (o
that llie forbids Peto to enter the land, till the Pope and Poolcwtie reconciled t
The queen caufed all the ads made by king Henry againft Poole to be repealed^ • ' '•■ ^
andthehoufe of Parliament Upon their petition to him is abfolved, andre?-
ceived again into the bofome of the Church : All the ancient Ceremonies of
the Church are reftored again , and all Church-livings that had been affumed
2Q to the Crown , The queen affirming, that Jhe preferred her fouh happineffe to
ten kingdoms.
Though queen Mary was pious and zealous in her Religion , yet many bar-
barous cruelties were by her Officers exercifed on Proteftants , her power in
this cafe being much abufed; fo thatfive Bilhops, one ^nd. twenty Divines,
eight Gentlemen , eighty four Artificers, befides. many others, even womea
andchildren, were cruelly put to death, mdny were forced to fly the landj
amongft whom was Catherine Dutchefle of Suffolk , who had married Ki chard
Sartie Efquire^ thefe were perfecuted by Bilhop Gardiner, becpufe fhe had per-
fecuted him and other Papifts in king Edwards dayes -^ fhe was forced to go
iQ difguifed on (hip-board , with her young daughter , her husband being gone
away before : [he fufFered much by ftorms at fea , and more by vi^ant , perfeeu-
tion, and cold on the land , in thole places of Belgiutfi and Germany where (he
travelled , till (he was relieved with her husband and childe^ by Pent! el a Mi-
m^er\wlViefel: After this, they endured mUch more hard(hip, till they got
into r<?/4«iJ, where they ftaid till queen i^<«m/ death.
Queen Mary being fuppofed to be with childe, caufed Te Veum to be fung,
and folemn prayers made for her fafe delivery 5 in hope of which, Mid- wives,
Rockers, and all things elfe were pirovided. An aft was made, that king Phtlip
(houldbeProteftorofheriflfueandrealmi but yet king Phihp had no great
iQ confidence that his queen was with childe , nor duft he truft the Englifh , or
think that they could be kind to ftrangers, who were fo cruel to their owri
Princes, for he found that the Lord fij^e* and fome others had confulted to
cut ofFthe Lady Elizabeths head 5 therefore in compaflibn to her , he never
gave off, till he got the queen to fet her at liberty, fo fhe is brought to Ham-
pton Court, where after fourteen dales (he was admitted into the queens
chamber ; there falling on her knee, fhe prayed for her , and declared her loy-
alty to her Majefty,which the queen queftioned , and checked her for not ac»
knowledging her offence 5 but fhe ftill pleaded for her own innocency : fevea
dales after the Lady was difcharged oiBenefield her Jailour, her maids are fent
50 to the Tower •■, and Gardiner died (hbrtly after. About this time , one Fether-
Jione a Millers fon gave out, that he was king Edrvard 6. but bfeiiig taken at El-
tham in Kent , he was brought to Hampton Court , where being found by his
fimpleanfwers little better then frantick, is fent to the Marfhalfie, and from
thence with a paper-crown on his head to Wcfimiwjier^ and from thence whip-
ped to Smith-jield, and then banifhed into the North : but the next year fal-
ling into the fame madneffe, is apprehended, condemned of treafon and hang-
ed at Tybur^tCi B b b b 3 The
55;)^ l^he Second Tart of the Book. VI*
An.Chrifti. The time of Queen Marie f deliverance being come, it was given out that
WV>-» aPrmce was born, which caufed great joy and triumph , both m London and
JfttTvetf s but all this cime to nothing , for fhe was never with childe : Here-
upon King PhHip,\n anger, went over the Seas ., pretending to vifit his-father,
' ^ ^ ^* and to take poffeffion o( Belgium , where he ftaid one year and a half, to Queen
Markf great grief:, who met him on the way as he returned, and brought him
withgreat pomp through London. In his abfence, ibme plotted to rob the
Queens Exchequer at iVeJiminfier , to raife war in the land 5 but the plot was
difcovered, and the plotters executed. One Clebeckjx School-mafter,Tead pub-
liqucly a traiterous Proclaimation againft the Queen , perfwading the people 10
to take arms. Jhmm Stafford d\(^cx(QiM\iiX\dtxOMS books againft the Queen,
andbyftealthtook the Caftle oi Scarborough , incenfing the people againft
her 5 but he was fupprelVed by Thomas Piercy Earl of IsiorthumberUnd , and
fent to London^ where he was beheaded. About this time, Charts Oefar called
hisfon Thilip into Bruffels, where he refigns to him all his don^inions , counfel-
' ^ ^ ''* ling him to entertain peace with the French, for the general good of Chriften-
tlome^ a peace for five years was made, but held not long ; for the Pope be-
ing then befieged by Duke Aha Tit Ronte, fends to the French for aide , who
by the (5«{/e made his way open into /{tJ^e 5 but the French falling away for
want of pay 5 the Pope renounced his amity with France^ and entertains it 20
with Spain. Qiieen Mary to {hew her love both to the Pope and king rhilip^
fals out with fr.r»ce, pretending divers wrongs from thence:, fo flie fends a
Defiance untb Ring Henry of Frartce^and proclaims wars againft him in Lon-
</tf»»j contrary toher "promife and'articles. King Philip palTeth over to Flanders^
after whom the Queen fends one thoufand horfe, four thoufand foot, and two
thoufand pionicrs undier the Earl of Pembroke as Generall, thefe joyned with
king Philips whileft the Dukes of Savoy and Brunfveick^^ with fome Lords, had
invaded the French confineSj and befieged St. ^mtins 5 which Montmorancy
Conftable of France came w«h great forces to relieve ; but he fo mifcarried,
that he was hurt,and taken prifoner with eight Knights of the order : Shortly 3^
after St. ^wtm is taken by king Philip ani the Englifti.
Upon the taking of this town, the Englifti grew fecure, and negligent of
Calice^ (b that the Duke oiGuife with great celerity approached the En-glifli
frcftitier, under dolour to vidual Boloigneand Ard, he divided his Army in-
to two parts; the one he (ends to Riccbank^^ whileft the other battered two
forts at once, which they wan in twelve houres fpace , Ricebank.h alfo aban-
doned by the Englifti, and left to the G^f/e : then the Duke batters the walls
oiCalice three dayes together, and made a great breach, He planted alfo
fifteen double Cannons againft the Caftle 5 they within finding themfelves
too weak, thought to blow up the French with Gun-powder, as they entred , 4<^
but the train would take no fire, being wet with the dropsof water that fell
from the French-mens cloths , having waded through the ditch •-, fo that they
got the CaftlCjwith the death of ^^erMarftial of the Town, his fon and heir,
and eighty Englifti more. The Lord IVentworthy Deputy of the Town, fent to
the Caftle for a parly, which was granted,and thefe Articles agreed on. i .That
the Town vv^ith the Artillery, Viduals, and Munition ftiould be yeclded freely
to the French. 2. That the lives of the Inhabitants fliallbefaved. 3. That the
Deputy with fifty others remain prifoners till they pay their ranfom.
The Englifti were fliut up in two Churches, where they remain a whole day
and night without meat or drink. The Duke commanded that all their plate, 50
mony and jewels belaid on the altars,upon pain of death :, fo the Town was
voided of five hundred ordinary fouldiers,oftownfmen women and children
four thoufand and two hundred, and all thefe ftript of the wealth they had
been long in gathering : In the fpace of eight dayes was this Town loft,which
coft king Edward 3. eleven moneths fiege, and had been pollefted by the Eng-
lifti two hundred and eleven years 5 fifty prifoners are fent away into fnjwm
King
Chap. 52,. Hiftory of the JVorld,
*)91
King rhiltp being follicited by Qaeen Mary to rec6vei! this loft hono\ir, makes An,chri(if»
an attempt upon in^i^, and tiikcs/^f>-«iej- the new Captain of C^// re prilbner^ '^^"^v-S*.
yet Calice could not be regained, which fo grieved Queen Majj^ that (he faid,
"the lojfe of Calice was writttnm her h&trt , and mghp be therem read when her
hoJypould be opened. The lofle of this Town, and longiabfence ofking rh/l/p^
increafed her melancholy, which ended' in a feaver that washer death, at
S.Jawef^ (he reigned 5 years, 4 monetihs, and ii dayes, and lived 4i'years and
9moneths. Cardinal Poob'^ed the fame day with Qucenil/^r;'. -i
J :..]^^'lo uvi'i •i))''-* oi[j 01 alp] ^ ■nf:l''^''-iT^'d r;-:fyj
1558;
Ch A?. XXXII.
"The Eng\i(h H/Jiorj, iftterwoven wiihthe Hijiory ^/Spain, France, Iirelandi
rt«<^Netherlands,«;/*ftT^(?e»E{izabeth,/rt?z>/ 1558: f/^ 1602. '
20
Q!
Ueen Elizabeth fueceieded, being twenty four years old. She prefently
orders that the Liturgy be faid in Englifh. As flie was paffing through
cheap in her Chariot, the Bible was prefcnted to her, which flie took
I 55
iand imbracedj profeffing to make it the rule of her government : then fhe a(-
fures the Lord Maior and City of her cat^ and love to them : then being comb
to Wejiminjler^ (he is crowned by the Bifhop of Carlife , the See o£Canterbnry
being vacant. In her firft Parliament,thc title of Supremacie,with the Tenths,
Firft-fruits, and Benefices ate reftorefd to the Crown 5 Quetn Maries Aiksare
repealed in favour of Catholikes. A Conference was held at Wejiminjier con-
cerning the Englifh Service-book, the changing of Ceremonies, and the Mafle^
but this Conference came to nothing. She was petitioned by her Parliamerit
to mari-yj but (he told them, that (he meant to reigne, live, and die a
30 Virgin.
A-peace being on foot between France znd Spain ^ the Queen interpofeth
for England, and demands reftitution o( Calice, being loft not in the quarrel of
England, but of king rhilip , againft the will of the Englifh Councel. It was
alleadged, that great fums of money for arrearages were due to the Englifh
from the French king, all which the Queen was willing to remitjConditionally
that Calice may be reftored , without which reftitution no peace could be con-
cluded between England and France 5 it was at length agreedjthat Calice fhould
remain French for eight years, and then return to the Englifh, upon forfeiture
of five hundred thoufand Crowns, but neither the one nor the other were ever
40 performed. The Lord Wentvporth Deputy oi Calice, was arraigned at Wefimin-
fier for the loflTe of the Town , but was acquitted by his Peers. The oath of
Supremacie is offered to the Clergy : in place oi Poole deceafed. Porker is made
Archbifhop oiCanterbury : the Monafteries are again fuppreffed, and Images
abolifhedrthen care is taken for refining the Coyn,and for furnifhing the king-
dome with munition, armour, and powder. The French king, in favour of his
fon the Dolphin,and Queen Mary oi Scotland, caufed their right to the Crowil
of Fnq^land to be proclaimed at P<o"^3 commanding England to be put among
their Titles, and the Arms thereof to be impaled with Scotland and France, in
their Seals, Plate, and Tapiftry : but afterward upon Articles of Accord be-
5° tween England, Scot land and France, it was agreed,that the Arms and Titles of
England and Ireland fhould not thenceforth be ufed by the French king, nor
his Queen of >?':<?^/^«<^.
Gttfiavuf King of Sweden propofeth a Match between his eldeft Son Ericus
and Queen Elizabeth, which fuit afterward was renewed by Ericus himfelfe
being King, but is both times rejedfed by Queen Elizabeth. Who fends aid
firft into Scotland for fupporting oftheProteftant religion , then into France
for
I 5 60,
^98 The Second ^ an of the Book. VI
jitt.ChrjJii. for the (ame purpofe : her Forces are received into New-haveti, Roan and Deep^
*-*'"^^'^*-' under the command oiJmbrofe Dudley Earl oiWarwicl{^ who is affifted by
'5 fome Scots forces from Deep : but New-haven^ after eleven moneths pofleffions
was loft again by the Englilh, for want of water, which the enemy had cut off,
and by reafon of the Plague which raged there , and afterward \n England re-
ceiving infeftion from thence. About this time fell out the Maflacre at Tariff
in which the Admiral was barbaroufly murthered, mangled and abufed, be-
fidesmanythoufands of men, women and children. -
About the fame time Ireland rebels under shan or 'John 0-Neal^ who claim-
ed an hereditary right to the Province ofVlJier, as the O-Nc^^Z/had formerly lO
done of all Ireland-^ for when Edward Bruce, named himfelf king of /rc/<?«^j
Donald 0-Nf<i/ ftiled himfelfking of'L^//?erand heir of //-e/rf»^; but the Englifh
qualhed his title, till in the wars between Tork^and Lancajier, they forfook
Vljicr. At this time Henry 0-Neale raifcd his family, by marrying the daughter
ofThofnasEAYloi' K:lddre, from whom ifluedC^w 0-Ne.i/,firnan-ed Eacco from
his halting, who curfed hispofterity , if they learned the Englilh tongue, f©w-
ed wheat, or built houies. But king Henrji the 8. fo crufhed Kildare ^ that he
fubmitted, and was content to hold his revenues in fee of the King , with the
title of Earl oiTiron or Tir-Ocn to him, and to Matthevo his falfe reputed fonne,
and to their lawfuU heirs, shan 0~Kale upon this murthers Matthew , and 20
drives his father Con Bacco out of his houfe and all his polleffions , fothat be
died for want and grief, shan being then chofen,and inaugured by an old (hoe
caft over his head, feifed upon his fathers eftate, and to fecure himfelf,he mur-
thered Brian Matthews eldeft fon, the other two Hugh and Con-mack^ efcaped :
fo being feated in Vlfier^ there he playes the tyrant, declaring that he was the
fon and heir oiCon 0-Kial lawfully begotten » and that Matthew his fuppofed
brother was a Black-fmiths fon, and was obtruded upon Con by his Concubine
the faid Smiths wife ; he pleads alfo the Irifti law Tanijirj, whereby a man at
his full years is to be preferred before a boy, and an uncle before a nephew.
So bearing himfelf as abfolute king of U//?er,he overthrew 0-Raily in the field, 3^
took 0-Donel prifoner with his wife and children , and committed adultery
with her. -^
This .9A^« hearing of the Lord Deputies preparations againft him, went
over into England^ and humbly fubmits himfelf to Queen Elizabeth, who fends
him back upon promifes of allegiance,and for a while he carried himfelf loyal
and civilly 5 but afterward fell ofFagain, iivedArf»ach,bciicgedD»ndalki and
fpoiled the Country. Againft him Sir Henrji Sidney then Deputy of Ireland
came with feven Companies of foot and a Troop of horfe , 0-Neal in a pitch'd
I ^ 5 e field is overthrown, and in divers other skirmiflies fo foiled, that he purpofeth
with an halter about his neck to fubmit himfelf to the Deputy : but his Secre- 4^
tary advifeth him to try his fortune once more by the fword, in making amity
with the wild Scots then in Claneboy 5 this counfel he takes , and repairs with
0-Donels wife his Adultereflc-concubine to the Scots camp, where being at
firft welcomed and entertained , was afterward hacked in peeces by i^^c G;/-
le^ic and Alexander Oge two Scots Captains5becaufe Shan had killed heretofore
this Alexanders brother ^ a few of shans followers efcaped by flight ■> and fo
Vljler is freed from its oppreffion under 0-Neal.
I "> 6 7. The eight years being expired for refiitution of Calice to theE.ngli(h, Sir
Thomas Smith \s kntwhhS'n Henry Norrjf, to demand the Town and Forts a- ■•
bout it,according to agreement ^ but the Towns-governors will not be fpoken 50
with 5 whereupon they repair to King Charles^ who told them. That none had
light to C^//te but himfelf^ the Queen-mother alfo added, That theEnglifti
by invading Scotland and New-haven, had forfeited Caltcc : Sir Thomas replies,
That the French had loft Calice by fending forces into Scotland, and foUiciting
the Scots Lords to invade England, which they refufed to do, as being againft
their late treaty and league with Queen Elizabeth j the French alfo had armed
Normandy
Ch A p. 3 1 . Hifiory of the florid. 5 ^p
Normandy nnd £n/<?;/j,, and hired divers German forces againfrFw^/^W, and y^r.c/jr;y^r
did bearealfo the A.rms of England: The Qiieen-mother replied, that the '-^^"^'^'N^
Enghlh did beare the Arms o£ France-^ but however (he affirms, that what the
King oiScotlatid did in his Wives right, lliould not be imputed to King Cbarls
her fon. Then the King willed the AmbolTadors to abfent themfclves a while,
till he had talked with his Councel s, and fo after an houre they were fent for
again, and told. That five thoufand French onely were fent into Scotland to
fupprefle the rebellion of the Proteftant Lords there, and not to invade Ertg-
land, whereas Queen Elizabeth had fent fifteen thoufand thither to aflift the
IQ Rebels : Sir Thomas anfwers, That the Queen hearing of fuch great prepara-
tions, was neceflitated to fend great aid both by fea and land, not to affift Re-
bels, but to maintain fuch as were opprclled for their confcience. The Chan-
cellor oi France alfo tels himjthatC^/z^ flood upon French,not Englifti ground^
and as the Englifli had right to it by the fortune of war , fo now the French
have the fame, befides that they enjoyed it long before the Englifti took it,
who had alfo once poflefled and enjoyed Aqwtam and other places , which
lon^ fince they have loft, the Englifti claim two hundred years polleffion,
the French above five hundred years 5 if prefcription then could ftand among
Princes as among private men, the French can prefcribe a far longer time then
2Q the Englifti : As for king Franck the 2. he did not therefore intend to invade
England^ becaufe the Englifti thought fo, for fufpitions and thoughts are no
realities ^ but the Englifti Queen did really invade /■ ;•*»«/ i',upon a fair pretence
of keeping the Towns for the Kings ufe, but flie kept Nt'Tr-/wve« as a pledge
for Calice^ whereby ftie hath loft: her right to Calice : withall he fhews, that God
having divided England irom France by the fea, the Englifti fhould content
themfelves within their own confines : therefore he wiftieth them to enter-
tain peace with France^ which will do them more good then the gaining of
■Calice. To this Sir tWast anfwers. That the Englifti made no invafion upon
France^ but were invited thither by divers of the Nobility and others then in
50 danger^ nor when they were landed did they ufe any hoftility, or take an hen
or egge but what they paid for ^ and if that aid hacl not come from England^
■amc\i oi France had been ruined: As for the Queens keeping of Nen'-A^'ye//,
ihe had reafon fo to do, having been at fo great charge and coft: ; ftie deferved
to have fome reafon offered her in her right to Calice. But(faith the Confrable)
fomuch provifion of viftuals, men and ammunition, and fomany ftiips, could
not be for Nciv-haven alone , therefore the Queen mufl: have had further de-
fignes : No (faith Sir Thomas ) it was onely out of providence that this
provifion was had , becaufe fea and winde doe not ferve at all times.
At lafl after much debate, both the King and Queen -mother , and all the
JO Councel told him plainly , that they would entertain amity with the Englifti
Qiieen, but France would not part any more with Calice.
At the fame time the troubles of Scotland were fo grfeat , that the King was ' 5 6 9»
ftiamefullymurthered,andtheQueenbanifhed5 who fetting fail for France,
was by contrary winds driven into CumberUnd. Queen Elizabeth foUiciteth
the Scots on her behalf, but they could not be induced to admit her again, fo
file is forced to flay in England. Mean while the Earls of Northitmbtrland and
Wt'jhnorland with fome others, pretending Religion, fiie out into Rebellion,
intending to furprife the Earle of .y«//ex Lieutenant of the North; but they
were prevcnted,and the Qiieen had notice of their intents, wherfore fhe fencfs.
50 for Northttmberland to the Court , who out of feare removed from his Caftle of
T<?p<r//^e in York-fhire, andgoethto Branjpnth, wheremeeting with the Earle
oflf-'cjimorland^ they command the Country to take arms , pretending it was
to aid the Queen,and to rcftore the old Religion j which if they fhould neg-
ledV, forraigne Princes v/ould do h, to the danger of the whole kin gdome.
From thence they go to D/^rW/, where they tore the Bible 5 at Rippon they
heard Mafic, thence they went to Eramham-AIoore , where they muflered
fixteen
~6oo ^The Second^ art of the Book. VI*
^».cZ»r/7?i.fixteen hundred horfe and four thoufand foot ^ then they fall \\Y>onBarnards
y-Or^^*' Caftle, which in eleven dayes they took; they grew fohigh, that in their let-
ters they called the queen, EliZjabeth the late and pretended queen ; Upon this
they are proclaimed traitours ; CrfW/Ze-Caftle is kept againft them by the Lord
Scroop and Earl oiCumberland.The Earl of 5«//e:c Lieutenant of the North with
an army follows the enemy, who was both heartleffe and moneylefs, the one
hundred thoufand crowns failing them which the Pope promifed. The chief
heads ofthefe Rebels finding their inability to relift fo great a power as was
comming againft them, refolve to file into ^r<?f/ijw£/ to thofe Lords that ftood
out for the Roman religion , which they did accordingly, and left their army lo
to the mercy of 6'/<//'ex, who furprifed them without refiftance , fo that at D«r-
ham and about in the country many were put to death.
This execution made many defperate, who in revenge of their friends put
to death , gather head under Leonard Dacres-^ thefe neer to Naivorth fought de-
* 5 7 o. fperaily with the Lord HmrfdoN , who at laft caufed them to give back , and
Dacres to flie into Scotland-^ where ^orthumbcrUnd is taken by the Regenr,and
fent into Fngland, and beheaded at Tork,., declaring the Popes fupremacy , the
Queens herefie , and the kingdomes mifery, being now in a fchifme. VFcjtmer-
land was fhifted away into Flinders^ where he died miferably of ulcers.
About this time , N/c/Wrff Morton an Engli(h-man, made Billiopby Pope 20
Tim §liintus^ procures at Rome a Bull againft queen Elizabeth^ whereby (he is
declared an Heretick, an ufurper, and uncapable of the Crown ; therefore all
her fubj efts are abfolved from their allegiance to her, and curfes denounced
againft fuch as (hould obey her : this Bull was hanged up at theBifliop of L(?«-
dons gate , and had many patrons and abettors, who came to untimely
deaths; among whom was Dr. .9ftf>7 a Civilian , who having efcaped out of
prifon, got over into Jntirerp , where being imployed by the Duke yllva to
I 5 7 I. fearch all ihips for Englilh-bibles, was catcht by one Parlier a Merchant , as he
wasfcarching his ftiipjand carried over into F.nglmd ^ where he was executed
1572. VLtTyburn. On^ Sommcrvd mtQuded to murther the queen, but was preven- 30
ted, apprehended, imprifoned and condemned , but in the prifon he ftrangled
himfelf to death. One hundred and twenty Jefuits were apprehended, fifty
three of which were baniftied , the reft executed, among whom was Edtuttnd
Campan-^ Robert Farfons efcaped. In Cornwall Cutbert Maync diffwades the
people from obeying theQiicen, In other places, Nelfon and divers others
were imployed to the fame pur pofe: 'ihompfon brought holy-oyle to anoint
the Priefts, and Hemford a difpenfation from the Pope : Haidock^ was imploy-
ed to find out the fitteft landing-place for ftrangers , and to prepare aides at
home : "^ohn Fain with fifty more were encouraged to kill the queen by a vio-
lent afiault. 40
Franck ihrogmorton was imployed by Mendoz,ii the Spanifh Ambafladour in
1583. London^ to colled: the names of the Englifli great-men who ftood for the Ca-
tholick caufe ; to whom was joyned Churls Paget : abroad divers were fet on
woi k, to follicite the king oispaw to xxw^adc England : The Duke of C»jfe un-
dertook to be the leader, '\^ Rome -JiudS pain would bear the charges, 'ihrog-
n/ortondc\\\erstoMendn%a his chard of the Havens of Fw^/^W, with a lift of
Catholick aiders; Jrundel mSitjJex was held the fitteft place for landing ;
but '1 hrogmorlon upon fufpition is apprehended, and his ftudy fearched, where
were found the lift of his Catholicks, the Havens for landing , with pedigrees
touching the Englifti Crown, and fome libels againft the Queen ; but a casket 50
with fome other things unknown werefecretly conveyed to the Spanifti Am-
bafladours.This whole confpiracy Fhrogmorton coiifeflethjSc fuffereth. William
Farry for burglary was to die,but obtained pardon from QJ^ hzabeths^yet ahcx-
1584. ward he went about to takeaway her life, by pretending that he would difco-
ver the names of divers who had plotted againft her , but ftill his heart fliiled
him, when he came to fpeak with her. At laft his treafon was difcovered by
one
Chap. 31. titflory of the World, 6o\ ~~
one Mr. Nm/ whom he thought to be fure on his fide, which Tieafon \i& An^ChrijlU
confcffed himfelf , and by his letter to the Lords of thcCouncel feems to ab- L/'V'S-i
hot it, and craves pardon for it , but when he faw he was to be executed , he
denied his former confeffion. One Jppletree (whether purpofcly or cafually
was not known) difcharged a bullet, and (hot the water-man in the Barge
where the Queen was, within fix foot of her feat, -but fhe pardoned the offen-
der. Henry Percy Earl of Northumherland^ being of ihrogmortom confpiracyj
was fent to the Tower, where he murtnereth himfelf by difcharging a dag
with three bullets under his left pap.
There were befides thefe, divers other Treafons hatched by the Earl of
Arundel^ Sir 'John Perot Deputy o€ Ireland^ Babington, Jjchburn, Ballard^ and
divers others, fome of thefe fuffered at Tyburn-^ Babington^ Charnocl{^and Savage
in Lwcolns-lnnc-Helds. CuUen an Irifi Fencer undertook the death of the
Queen for thirty pounds , he fuffered at T;//iKr». Sanders wrote againft the
Queen, fo d id Cre/n?e/ under the name of Phtlopater^ and Parfons wwdex the
title of Doleman concerning titles of the Crown. Dr. Lopez, the Portugal Phy-
fitian for a rich jewel given him by a SpaniJI) Counfellor, and a promiie of fifty
thoufand crowns^undertakcs to poyfon the Queen by a potion^ but the matter
was not carried fo clofe as was thought : Lopez, was appointed to give the
20 Queen phyfick, purpofely to try him, the phyfick being brought , the Queen
wifheth him to minifter to the Treafurer Ceal who had moie need of phyfick
then (he ^ when he came to Cecilhe is apprehended for a Traitor, the ingredi-
ents of his potion are examined by other Doftors , and it was found poy fonj
fo he is arraigned, and with his two conforts hanged at Tyburn.
After thefe, Terk.i Williams and others, were animated at Bruxels by Holt thp
Englijb Jefuite to kill the Queen , but the plot was difcovered and prevented,
and the plotters hanged. Thelaft that publikely attempted the Queens death
was Squire^ firft a Scrivener, and then a Purveyor in the Queens ftable, he be-
ing taken at fea (as he was failing after Sir Francis Drake) by fome Spaniards^ is
20 fet upon by Wale^oolzn EnglrJJj-man , to poyfon the pommel of the Queens
faddle , which he did as foon as he came into England, being exchanged for a
Spanijl) prifoner 5 but the poyfon had loft its vertue, for it did no hurt neither
to the Queen, nor to the Earl of £//ex, as was intended ; but Walepool hearing
no news of his plot, fufpefted Squire for a falfe brother, and fearing he would
reveal divers fecrets, prevents him, by difpatching one into Englandio inform
againft Squirei, this Informer at fii;ft was not credited, yet Squire was examined,
and fome paffages in his anfwer laid hold on , which made him be fuf-
pefted, and fo upon advice of his friends he confefled, and accordingly fuf-
fered.
^ The thirteenth year of her Reign an Aft was made that none fhould name i 5 71 .
any particular perfon to be the Queens heir or fucceflfor : ihomas Howard
Duke o( Norfolk, for favouring too much the ^'f^^x caufe, is beheaded on the
Tower-hill. This year was feen that ftrange Star or Comet in CajJiop£aM was 1572.
obferved to be higher then the Moon, and not much lefTer then ^e«*5f. Queen
Elizabeth fends fifteen hundred men to aid the Regent of Scotland againft the 15 73'
other fadtion i Edmburgh-Ca&Xe is battered with thirty Canons, and at laft for
want of water is furrendred by compofition to the ufe of the young King. ^ 5 7 ^«
About this time the Royal-Exchange was built by S\t 1 hornets Grepam. Sit
Martm Forbuper made fail into the North- Eaft-feas , further then any other
50 had done :, he attempted the next year thirty leagues further, and a third time
he allayed further. Sir Francis Drake with five fhips, and a hundred fixty four 15 7 7*
men paft the line three and thirty degrees of latitude , and in the f^x and thir-
tieth degree enters the river Ptee^ with three ofhis fhips he pnfled the ftrait
of RLigcIhtn, leaving the other two as impediments to him, the Marrigold was
alfoloft, Mr. W/«/<?rj- fhipfhaken off by ftorms recovered England, but the
Pelican , whereof he was Admiral, held on her courfe upon the Weft of Ame-
C C c c tic A
Sol The Second Tan of the Book VI.
An.Chrifii. rica, where he paffed the line to the latitude 47 but finding no paflage by
^.^i^^'^'^/'^'O^ reafon of fogs and ice , returned South-weft , and came to anchor eight
* 5 7 8. and thirty degrees from the line , where the King of that Country pre-
fented unto him his Crown of feathers , admiring our men , and facrificing to
them as to godsrthis place he ca\hNovaAlbion~at his departure he erefts a Plate
of braffe as a monument , wherein was engraven the Queens name , and her
pifture 3 with her Arms in a peece of filver under the Plate i from thence he
came to the Ifles of Molucca , and thence to Java Major , and fo to the Cape of
Good-hope, and then he fell with thecoaft of Guinea^ whence croffing again
the line 5 he came to the height of the Azores ^ and then to England ^ having ^^
1580. been abfent three years wanting twelve dayes 5 his (hip was laid up in the
Dock near Dep/-/orflf,and the Captain Knighted.
And now the Engl/pbegm to trade with the MufcovHes andTar^rj the
Stdtan upon the requeft of the Englijh Ambafl'ador made peace with the
I "5 8 :?. Tol'tnckr , which Sultan by his letter to Queen Elizabeth inciteth her to make
war againft S^ain. Pope Gregory the 1 3. ftirs up the King of Spajn^ having ob-
tained rortugal^tovf^iV 2tgd\u{iEngland^ in favour of the />-//Z) Rebels, offering
to acquit him of the fruits of the Archbifhoprick of Toledo, long retained in
his hands ^ the Archbifhop being fufpended, wherefore they two joyn in hope
to conquer Ireland:, the Pope fends fix-hundred men under the command of^^
Thomas Stuk^ly, whomheftiled Marqueffeof Ireland-^ the Spaniard bears all
the charge, with the addition of three hundred Spaniards^ and fends
money to raife four thoufand men more, thefe landed in the County of
Kerry ^ raifed their Standart, and built a fort 5 by thefe means Defmond hoped
to be King of Ireland.
The Lord Grey Deputy of Ireland^ with his forces fell upon thefe ftrangers,
and puts them to the fword, a few being refcrved for ranfomes ; the Fort had
ftore of money, armour, (hot,powder, and other provifion 5 all the IriJ}) there
as well women as men died , and Defmond driven into the woods , was in a
cottage wounded by a fouldier, who at length cut off his head. The Earl of 30
F/cxisfentoverto reduce the wilde Irifi mVljier^ which had been pretty
quiet after the Queen had enaded , That no inan (hould affume the name
of O-Neale till Tnrlogh Leinigh, a brothers fon of Con- Afore grand-father of
shan-O-'Ncal, of whom we have fpoken already. This Tnrlogh difquieted
the Scoti of the Iflands, and flew Alexander Ogr, the flayer of shan 0-Neal his
fon in law^Hw^^/jBaron o^Ouncannon efcaped^from him into England^on whom
the Queen beftowed the command of a troop of horfe, and a thoufand marks
per annum, and for his good fervice againft Defmond he obtained the title of
Earl of Tir-Oen ^ upon this old Tnrlogh rcfigns to him the government of
'Vljicr on certain conditions , chiefly , that they both (hould joyn their forces 40
to maintain the Kow^rw Religion. yT/i/c-Gwj/re encouraged by Gu^ran Primate of
Jn7(2W.-/,began firft toftirjbut is discomfited by SixKuhard Bingham^zndi Guaratt
(lain in the field. Afac-Gnyrezherx.\\\h flies out into open Rebellion, whom
lir-Ocn purfueth and receiveth a wound in his thigh, which made him gra-
cious at the Fnglip Court : he procured Fiiz-rojlliamt the Deputy to be called
home, in whofe place Sir William Rttfjel is put, whom he flatters with fuch fine
words, that although the Mar(hal charged him with many fubordinations of
Mac-Guyre, yet he was difmifled, to the great difcontent of theQuten, and
difquiernefs of the land.
King i'hilip of Spain had before this been incenfed by Queen Elizabeth , for 5©
entertaining the fugitive Netherlanders his fubjedls in her Kingdom, whom (he
thought the could not in honour banifh , having fled thither for the fafety of
their lives, and liberty of their confciences : She alfo defires that Wejimerland^
with others of her Rebels ftiould be banilhed the .^/'jw/yZ' dominions. The
Netherlanders abhorring the .S'p^w/yZ) Inquifition , fend to Queen Elizabeth to
protect thein , which at firft (he feemed to be unwilling , as being loth to pro-
voke
Chap. 5 1. Hiflory ^ the JForld, 60^
voke5/7i?7«againfl:her, but fent to King f/)////? to commiferate his nfflifted y?«.cVJr7/?^
people, which he refufing to dojihe fends (being follicitcd the lecond time by l-/^/"%j
the Net herLintJers^ in Bulhon the value of forty thoufand angels in part of an
hundred thoufand pounds promifed , which made Don'john o£ yJuJh/u then
governour of Bc/^/i/^zinterpofehimfelf inthe ScottijI) affairs to difturbE;;^-.
land. The French to make England furer to them,fend over Monfieur Duke of •
AnjoH the Kings brother, to marry Queen Elizaheih, whom flie magnificently
entertained, but would not aflent to marry him.
The fame of this Monfieur was fo great, that the Nf//>er/^«i^c/'j- (having de-
jQ Glared againft the tyranny of King rhilif) chofe him for their Protedor ^ but
he died not long after in France^ and William oi NaJJaw is proclaimed Traitor,
his eftateconfifcated, and promifcd with twenty thoufand crowns annual to
him that {hall bring him dead or alive , whereupon he is murthered at Ddfh j
therefore the Queen is follicited again , as alfo Henrj the French King for re-
lief ^ the Queen fends the Earl of Derhj into France \n behalf of thefe Pro- i « g <;
vinces, but he being in danger of the Gtiife and the League, recommends back
again their diftrefles to the Queen , promifing his relief^ hereupon (he under-
takes their proteftion by advice of her Councel , becaufe fhe was bound ffay
they) to defend the Gofpel, to relieve the opprefl'ed Proteftants , to keep off
aotheftrength o( Spain (rom fetling too near, and to revenge the invafion of
IreUnd : hereupon Articles being drawn, Sir John Norrifh fent over with
five thoufand foot , and one thoufand horfe on the Queens pay during the
war, for which money, Flujhing^ Bril, two Sconces, and the Caftle oi Ramekins
in Holland wexe pledged to the Queen.
The Pope and Spaniard were highly difpleafed with the Queen, who in two
books taxe her of ingratitude to K. Philip who faved her life, and of intended
murthering of the Prince of rarma, to which an anfwer was published , and
reafons (hewed why (he undertook the proteftion of thefe Provinces, becaufe
of their fcituation and vicinity, becaufe of many ancient leagues between
go England and the Dukes oi Burgundy , becaufe of the Spaniards tyranny, and
the priviledges thofe Countries have to make choice of any other head^
when they are oppre(red by the prefent goveinour , and becaufe Mendu%:t
praftifed with 'Throgmorton to bring into England foreign power.
Things thus ordered, Robert Dttdly Baron of Denbigh^ Earl of Leiccjler^ and
the Earl o^ Northumherlands fon, is fent over as the Queens Deputy-Genera '^
who at the H^^we took an oath or the States to the Queen, and claimed ab-
folute authority over them^ at which fhe was offended,declaring (he promifed
to be their Protedor, but not their Sovereign ; mean while all Ew^/t/^ iliips
and goods are arrefted in .yp^/w. Pope Sixtus $. fends to the Prince oi' Parmt
40 a confecrated Sword , with a Hat. The Netherlanders are put in fear that the
Queen meant to make peace with the Spaniard without them , but by her let-
ters (he freed them from this fear. After this the Spaniards and Engl/JJ) .skirmifii
near Zutphcn, in which though the Spaniard was worfted , Sir Philip Sidney be- 1586;
ing (hot in the thigh lofi: his life : but the States grew difcontented with Leicc-
Jier their governour, for making Ti^?-;^ and Stanly two Spaniolifed perfons
governours of Towne, to wit, of Deventer and Sconce, which afterward they
• fold to the Spaniard, and for fome other points of his mifgovernment , but he
hafteneth over into England to be prefent in Parliament at the handling of»the 1587.
Qiiecn of Scots c;iu(e, who was beheaded at Fotheringh.ty-CMe-f Qiieen
50 Flt%dbeth feeming much grieved at it, by punilhingher Secretary the chief
aftor therein, with imprifoment, andthe lo(reof her prefence and his place :
the body of ^een y1/^r^ was interred in Pcterborottgh-Chxaxch under 3i hearfe
of black-velvet, and was tranflated thence by her fon Yixngjames to King
Wewry the 7. Chappel. and laid under white-marble.
In Leicejiers abfence , many diforders were committed by the Englifh 5
wherefore Maurice the younger fonne of William Prince of Orange is chofem
C c c c 2 Govef-
(Sc4 ^he Second Tart of the Book VI.
AnXhrifiu Governor. Euckhurfi is fent into Holland to examine complaints , at which
^Ji'^sr^^^ Lacelier is offended, who recalls Sir ']ohn h'orris, ("to the diOikc of the States )
and Tends him into /re/d«<s/; then he returns into 5c/^;«»/, where he is blamed
forthefurrendring o( Since •■, faftions didincreafe, and many Towns rejed
his government 5 hereupon he is recalled into England by the Queen, and
commanded to refign his government , which done, it is proclaimed through
all the Provinces. Mean time king rhilip is preparing of his great Fleet , and
withall bears the Queen in hand that he aimed at a generall peace , which (he
believed , but could not perfwade the States to give credit that he intended
peace, who was head of the Holy-league, perfecuted Proteftants, and was pre- lO
paring of a Fleets therefore they to be in readineffe, fit their War-fhips, and
1588. prefTe a thoufand Sailers to aid her, if need be. Notwithftanding this , Com-
miflxoners are fent out oi England to confer with Parma about the peace, with
k\r\g r hi I ips Comm'iiYionevs'-, much time is fpent about precedencie , and the
place of meeting , at laft the Englifh have the priority, and the place is ojiend.
The Qiieen demands a CefTation of arms, a prefent Truce, a difmiffion of
foraign fouldiers, a reftitution of the monies lent by her to the States, an
enjoyment of their ancient Liberties , and a Toleration of Religion for two
years, and a Confirmation of the Articles of G4««/ 5 fo fhe promifethto de-
liver up the Towns again. AH thefe demands are rejededbythe Spaniards, ^o
Meanwhile Pope Sixtuf 5.fends out his Bui to confirm the Excommunications
of his two former PredecefTors againft the Queen ^ and Cardinal Allen fets out
a bitter book , wherein he exhorts all to joyn with King rhilip and rarma a-
gainft her : This book the Queen fent to Parma , but he flighted it off with a
complement. In the interim it is given out, that King P/»?///> had kept fifty
thoufand men in pay almoft a whole year, by means of that Treaty : And at
laft the great Armado begins to appeare, in which were 7 2 Gallions and Galli-
affes, 47 Ships and Hulks, 11 Pinaces and Carvals , 2845 great Ordnarvce,
8094 Sailers, 18658 Souldiers, 2088 Gaily- fJaves, 220000 Bullets for great
[hot, 4200 Kintals of Powder, 200 Kintals of Match, 70«o Muskets and Cali- 30
vers, befides incredible flore of other provifions, Bisket and Wine for fixe
moneths, with Bacon, Cheefe, Flcfh, Rice,8cc. this Army coft king Philip
thirty thoufand Ducats everyday. The Generall was the Dvk^oi Medina^
the kdmxx^XDon Martinez,--^ Don Afart in Alorcon was Vicar-general for the
Inquifition, with whom were an hundred Monks and Jefuites ^ Cardinal AUen
is Superintendent of Church-matters, hetranflates the Popes Bull into Eng-
lifh and fends it away ^ In this Fleet were divers of the Nobility and Gentry
of Spain and Portugal. The Duke of r<«r««/« alfo prepared a great Navy, with
goo fmall Boats, and 7 o flat-bottom'd, every one able to beare 30 horfes, with,
a world ofall fort of furniture and provifion : Neer Netv port he hsid 30 com- 40
panics of J^rf/M77/, 7 oi Walloons^ and^oiBurgundians-^ ztDyxmervhchzd 80
Companies oit^etherlanders^ 60 of Spaniards, znd 60 of High-Dutch, befides •
7 of Englijl:. The Pope fends forth his Crufado , and promifeth a million of
t'old , vvith a provifo that he ftiould hold the Englifli Crown as feudatory to'
the See of Rome.
To prevent this florm, Charles Howard High-Admiral of England is fent in-
to the feas ^ the Lord Seymer with the fhips of Belgium kept betwixt Calice
Tund Dover: The Queen being advertifed by the French king, that this fleet
was for England, caufed all the Trained bands through the kingdome to be
muftered and in readinefTe , the Earl of Leicefter is made Lieutenant over 5°
them, Tilbnry in EfJ'ex was the place for the Camp ; there were two and twenty
thoufand foot and fixteen hundred horfe 5 the Queens guard confifled of two
thoufand two hundred and fifty two horfe, and of foot thirty four thoufand
and fifty. But the great Spanifh Navy is fo tolled with a florm, that the Duke
of Medina is driven back into the Groine, and eight other of their fhips difper-
fed and torne, befides three Portugal gallies which fell upon the coaft of Bay on
and
1^
Chap. 31. Bijiory of the J^orld. 605
and were fet upon by their own flaves, who freed themfelves by the (laughter An.chrii
of many Spannirds. Sir Francis Drake Vice-Admiral goeth weftward , and ^
joyneth his fleet with the reft, which made up an hundred faile.
The Admiral hearing in what diiirefle the Spanifh fleet was, did bear faile
towards .?/)<?7« 5 but the wind turning South, he returns homeward and An-
chored his fleet in rlimouth haven ^ the Spaniards put again to fea, and at laft
caft anchor in the Channel of theNarrow-feas, fome Pinacesare difpatched
to Varma^ to forward his charge for the kings fervice : fudden news is brought
to the Admiral, that the Armado was come , which by reafon of fickneffe , and
10 the former ftormjwas not expected that year : Wherefore all hands are fet on
work to warp out the ftiips then in the harbour,and many of the men on fliore;
at length they got out to fea , and having advantage of the wind , difcharged
their Cannon on the Spaniards, and were anfwered in the fame language 5 the
next day, the two fleets fought within musket-ihot 5 the Englifln Admiral
fell fiercely on the Vice-admiral oi Spain ^ a Gallion in which were fome Dons,
was forely battered by the Englifti , whofe fliips were lower and nimbler,
■whereas the SpaniQi high VeflTels were fitter for defence then offence: The
next day Drakg commands this Gallion to yeeld, Don Tcdro at firft refufed, but
underftanding that it was Drak^e^SNho had him in chafe,came on board his fliip,
20 where after fome complements, he is kindely ufed by Drake, and lodged in his
own Cabbin 5 the reft of that company were fent to Tlimouth , where they
ftaid eighteen moneths till their ranfome were paid 5 in that (hip were found
five and fifty Ducats in gold: that fame day Oquendds great Gallion fell on fire,
the upper part whereof, and moft of the perfons were confumed, the Hulk was
brought into rlimouth.
l^eer Portland a. Herce encounter was between the Engli(h and Spaniards,
wherein a great Venetian (hip with fome fmaller were furprifed. The 24. day
of Jw//, a great fight was between four Galliafles and the Engli(h flcet,in which
though the Spaniards were galled with chain (hot from our (hips, yet they had
50 the advantage becaufe our powder failed ^ which being fupplied, our fleet is
divided into four fquadrons, under four Commanders 5 namely, the Admiral,
Drake , Havekim^ and Forbijher. July 2 5. againft the Ifle oi Wight ^ was a cruel en-
counter, each difcharging their whole-fides. The 27 of Jw//, the Spaniards an-
chored in fight oiCalice, intending for Dtmkirk.^ there to joyn with the Duke
oi P arma^towhom Medina {ends tohaften his forces 5 but the Spanifh (hips
were fo planked with beams , that Bullets could not pierce them 5 wherefore
eight Englifh-fhips are filled with powder , brimftone , and other combuftible
matter, which JhIji 28 about midnight were let drive with Wind and Tide a-
mong the Spanilh fleet 5 this caufed the Spaniards, being fuddenly affrighted,
^o to cut their cables, or elfe they had been all fired 5 in this confufed hafte,one of
their Galliafles ofNaples fell foule on another fliip, and loft her rudder , and fo
was alTaulted by the Engli(h on a (helve in the (hore of Calice 5 her General
Mom ado was flain in the fightjand many more Spaniards,many leaped into the
Sea and were drowned : In her were four hundred fouldiers , and three hun-
dred flaves, which were now freed from their fetters '-, and a booty found of
fifty thoufand Ducats, the governour oiCalice would not fuffer the veflel to be
fet on fire.
The 29 oijMlj, over againft Grevding^ a fore conflift continued that day , in
. which a Gallion of JS//f<i peri(hed, wherein the Captains in madnefle killed
50 each others : Two great (hips befides prefently funk; Franck de Toledo, with o-
thers, committed themfelves to the Skiff, and arrived at Ojiend. The St. ThtUp
a Gallion oi Portugal , in which he was, with the fouldiers in her, were taken by
the FluJJjingers. The St. Mat hem, another Portugal Gallion was fo fhot, that her
leaks could not be ftopt. Don Diego Pimentel/i^reiuCmg Medina s courtefiCjWho
would have faved him in a skiff, was afterward taken on the coaft of Flanders
by five men of war, and carried into Zealand-, In the interim , Sejimer with his
fquadron
6q6 The Second Van of the B
OOK,
jn.Chrijh fquadron is fent to joyn with the 95 fhips of HpZ/jW , that lay onthe coaftof
W^~v^>-' Flanders to keep in the Duke ofTarma ^ but the Armado being weary of fight-
ing, fpread their main-fails and put to fea, the Englifli Admiral following left
they ihould put into Scotland^ but they bent their courfe toward Norvpaj, (6
about the degree of latitude 57. our Admiral left them.
The Spaniards con fidering with themfelvcs, how they had lofl: five thou-
fand of their men , that many maimed and fick fouldiers lay on their hands,
twelve of their grcatcft (hips were funk, loft and taken , their tackling fpoiled
and anchors loft, their viftuals failing and frefh-water fpent,which made them
fling their horfes and mules overboard , knowing alfo that rarma could not, 10
and ScotLifid would not help them, by reafon ofthcircorrefpondenciewitK
EvgUnd^ they held it beft to return into Spain ; fo failing between the Orcades^
about Cuithncs and the coaft of Ireland^ kept weftward in the main ocean, and
returned at length into Spai?f , where the Duke is depofed from all his autho-'
rity and confined to his houfe , The refidue of the ftiips , about forty in num-
ber, were fo battered on the coaft of Ireland, that divers of them periftied,
amongft others C'^//e//(5/tfV great Galliafle and two great (hips oi Venice, fome
were driven on the Englift],fome on the French coaft,and were taken ; fo that
ofi94(hips only 53 returned to 5;>^7», of the whole fleet were miffing 81 vef-
fels, and of 5CCC0 fouldiers 13500. above 2cco prifoners were taken in 20
England, Irelaffd, and Loxo-Countries.
AH danger being paft, the Camp at 77/W^ is disbanded, and not long after
Leiceficr died. The Queen on the 8. of September gives folemn thanks to God
for this Viftory in S.P.uls, where onthe lower battlements eleven Spanifti
Enfigns are hung up, the next day they were fpread upon London-Eudg€ •■,
the 1 9. day of November was appointed to be kept holy throughout the Land ,
theQiieen upon the Sunday following, being the 24. of Novewber, went in
ftate Irom U'hitc-Hull to S.ratds^ where at the Weft-door ftie fell down on her
krees, giving folemn thanks to God, and exhorting the people to the fame
duty. The Zel.wdcrs on thfirCoyn Iramped the memorial of this day and 3-^
\\Ctory,fo d'ldthe Hol/anders.
It being reported that king rhilrp was preparing a new Fleet to recover his
loft honour. It was ref Ived by the Lords and Commons of England, That an
attempt be made upon Spain, and aid given to Don Antonio theexpulfed King
of Portugal, who was given out by king rh/l/p tobeabaftard; after he had
driven him out of Portugal, he proclaims eight hundred thoufand crowns to
him that fhould bring him either dead or alive, yet he was kept difguifed
tight moneths in Poriugal'^ then he fled untothe Court of France, where he
icceivedaid from the Qiicen-mother , a competitor alfo for the Portugal-
crown. A fleet is fent to the Illes of Terceres , which by the Spaniards is over- 4^
thrown, eight of the talleft French ftiips are loft, and two thoufand men flain j
divers Portugal Captains for this loflc were imprifoncd as cowards.So Antonio
1589* h.avir.g no m.ore hopes of fn/«rf, repaires into England , where he defires the
Queen to land him lafe in his country •■, whereupon fix of her ftiips,and twenty
more of war, befides others for tranfportation , accompanied Don Antonio
fvoin Pljimeuth, Sir Fran c Jf Dral{e was Admiral, Sir John Norris GeneiM for
land-fervicc, with eleven thoufand fouldiers, two thoufand and five hundred
mariners j, thefe landing in the Bay of Galicia necr the Gro/n,\ve:e encountred
by -he enemy ncer the Town, who forced them back to their gates. 50
N^'rr.'j the next day, forced the Gallies which plaied upon his troops, to
abandon the road ; the Eafc-town is furprifed , five hundred that fled thence
to the rocks were llain:, in this Town was an incredible magazine of mony,
viduals, and arms provided againft England-^ the Englifti by immoderate
drinking of wine, caufed a great infeftion and mortality in the army 5 a great
Gallionis ftt on fire by overcharging the great ordnance, this burned two
dayes together, fu that of fifty great pieces, fixteen only were left ^ the higher
town
Chap. 31. Btfiory of the J^orld, 6on
Town held out, being built on a rock ^ the Miners attempting to blow up the /Jn.chriftt
walls, overthrew a part of a tower, the other part falling down unexpectedly, ' — -
flew Captain Sydff.ham with thirty fouldiers s after this ^orrk with nine Re-
giments met a Spattijl) Army comming againft hinijand a hot skirmifh enfueth^
in which Sir Edward Norrk^ with fome otlier Commanders are wounded, not-
withftanding the whole Army of Spaniards was routed in this fervice, the
Kings Standard is taken,which was difplaied before the General, then return-
ing to the GroiMe,the EngliJ!) fired the bafe Town , and fo put again to Tea , the.
Earl of Ejjex meets with the fleet, and they all land in Portugal, under (hot of
10 the Caftle of Peniche ^ the enemy fell prefently on the Engl/J/.j, but are beat fo^
that they take their heels and leave the Town undefended, which prefently
yeeldeth, and fo doth the Caftle upon fummonsj underftanding that Don An-
tonio was there.
Seven Companies of foot being left to guard the fhips, the main Army
marcheth over-land to Lkbon , and took a Caftle by the way : many of
the fw^///? fouldiers were poyfoned with drinking of ftanding waters , and
eating of poyfoned honey left purpofdy in the houfes. The 25. of May our
Army came to Lisbon, whofe Suburbs were abandoned and ftore-houfes fired;
theenemy in the night time Cwhilft the Fw^Z/yZ) were at reft., being wearied
20 with fix dayes march and watching) fallied out, and killed CoUonel Bret, with
divers Captains and others, but the Earl of fj/ex fell on them unexped:edly
and drove them to the City-gates : in the interim CafcH is fui prifed, the inha-
bitants being fled to the mountains, who underftanding their King was
come, profefled their loyalty to him, but the Caftle held out for the
Spaniard.
The Duke of Braganfa, Francifco de T'oledo and others, promifed to aid
Antonio with three thoufand horfe and other fupplies , but could make no
head, becaufe of the 5p<«»//j Commanders every where : y?«^tf»/<7 hoping aid
would come at laft , defired the Engl/fi to ftay before Lisbon for nine dayes,
20 which could not be granted , becaufe the Englifi were fickly and much weak-
ned, nor was there any forwardnefs in the Vortugab ; Antonio defires the Sub-
urbs might not be fpoiled : EjJex in a bravery run his fpear and brake it againft
the gate of that City, challenging any SpaniardW\x.\{\n to fight with him, but
none appeared. The Caftle of Cafcais is rendred upon conditions. Sixty
Spanijh hulks laden with provifion for Lisbon are taken.
The £«^///?j being at fea again, are overtaken in a calm by nine gallics
which funk fome of our ftragling Ihips ; Captain Minjliaw fow^ht to the laft
after his ftiip was on fire ; fo continuing feventeen dayes on board, many de ad
fouldiers are caft into the fea : Then they came to Vigo a Town, which with
^o the Country for feven miles compafle they fet on fire : Then Drake arrives
fafely at Vhmouth June 21. and N^jr/f July the 2. after.
The ftate of France at this time was much diftrafted and out of order^
therefore a meeting at Bloys is appointed of the three Eftates for eftabli-
ftiing peace and union : For the Clergy appeared a hundred thirty four
Deputies , among whom were four Archbiftiops , one and twenty Biftiops,
and two Generals of Orders ■, For the Nobility , a hundred and eighty
Gentlemen!, For the Commons, a hundred ninety one Merchants and
Lawyers : To thefe Ring Henry the third made a fpeech tending to union,
which was profecuted by the Chancellor, by the Archbifhop of Bourges^
50 andbythePrefidentfor thethirdEftate, whereupon an oath of union is ta-
ken, but the Leagures in the interim difgrace all the Kings adions, and
make his government odious, purpofely to fet the G«//e in his Throne, who
temporifed with both. The Clergy excommunicates King Hetiry oi'biavar:^^
an hepetick, and deprived him of the government of Guiennr^ but King H^nry
would have him to be fummoned, and again to be Iwornto the union. To
this it was anfwered ^ That he had been many times wrought upon to re-
nouncfc
6oS The Second Van of the Book.VI-
Afj.Chrifii. nounce his herefie, to no purpofe ; he was excoinmuninatc by the Pope , and
'<'0/'^*J thereforekingWew;^ was bound to fubfcribe thereto, otherwife Guife would
diflblve the allembly 5 and fo Henry of Nnvar is pronounced incapable of the
crown oi France,
The king to be rid of the Guifes, intended to deftroy them both ; notice was
given to the Duke of this, but he would not believe it , prefuming on his own
greatneffes, but at laft, he was killed by the kings guard, and fo was his bro-
ther the Cardinal not long after 5 which fo incenfed the people, that they de-
famed the Ring, defaced his furniture, brake his piftures , dragged his image
through the ftreets ofPark^znd beat down his arms : The Sorbonifts alfo con- 10
eluded, that the people were free from their allegiance to him 5 whereas the
Duke of Guife was highly commended and lamented. The Leaguers prevaile
fo againft the Parliament, that all forts of infolencies were permitted 5 befides,
one Clement a Jacobin, vowed to kill the King , which he did at Paris •-, where
he delivered the king a Letter, and with a knife wounded him in the belly,
which the king drew forth , and ftruck the Jacobin above the eye, whom alio
the kings fervants ftabbed to death : So Henry died of his wound.
Upon this, Henry of Navar is proclaimed by the Army , and named by the
laft Henry o( France his fucceflbr,in his lafl: Will 5 him Queen Elizabeth amfted
^ ° ' againft the leaguers with twenty thoufand pounds,with (hips,Arms,and Pow- 20
der, and with four thoufand fouldiers at one time, and with three thoufand at
another ^ and to refift Parma who was entred France^ (he fends over Ejffex with
four thoufand foot and two hundred horfe, thefe landing in Normandy ^ laid
fiege to Rohan , where his brother Devereux was flain : Henry finding the Lea-
^ ^ ^' guers too ftrong for him, and the Popes power fo great '-, at laft renounced his
religion, and embraced the Roman Faiths fo he is abfolved and ctoWned. In
Brittany the Spaniards are worfted, with the lofle of Captain Forbtjher^ and di-
vers other Englifh : The Leaguers by treafons lay wait for his life, andcrofs
him what they can- at Rome:^ at laft, war is proclaimed between France aad
Spain. _ 3a
To Ernejluf in Belgium^ fucceeded /^tbert Arch-duke ^ who prepares againft
the French, and fals firft upon Calice. Kichbank, left unmanned , is feifed on by
him, and the town at length upon compofition is furrendred : Queen £//srf-
/'ef/y not willing the Spaniards fhould poflefle that Town , proffers aid to the
, French king againft him ^ but he weakened by war, was more inclined to har-
^ ^ ' ken to conditions of peace ■■, whereat the Queen was difpleafed , and prepares
another fea expedition, with a Declaration, (hewing the caufes of preparing
this fleet , to wit, for defence of her friends and fubjefts i All which .(he wils to
forbear helping of, or trading with the Spaniards; Then about 150 faile of
Englifh and Flcnimins met at Plymouth, under the command of Charts Howard 4^*
Admiral,and theEarlof F//ex: before they put to fea , the Queen prayed fo-
Icmnly for their good fuccclTe : At fea, they met an IrifhBark {xom Cadiz,
■ (hewing the ftrength of the Town, and (hipping in the Bay, to wit, twenty
Gallies, ninety (liips, five great Gallions, two GalliafTes, with divers other vet-
fels, all richly laden, and bound for divers places.
On the twentieth oijune the Englilh attempt to land on the Weft fide oiCa-f
diz,, but could not t the place was fo ftrong , the next day the Spanifh fleet
prepares to fight : Lord 'ihomas Howard, with fome Londoners^ and a fquadron
of Bt7^?;r/< (hips began the ^skirmifh 5 F.Jjex and Charts Howard feconded them : $0
W-zw/^/tWafTailed the Gallies, which got paflage at the bridge: The Spanifh
Admiral St. Philip is fore battered, and fet on fire , and fo was the St. Thomasj
that they might not come into the Englilh hands, the reft of the Spanifli fleet
ran themfelves on ground. Then Fjjex lands his men •-, fome Regiments are
fent to the Bridge to impeach all fupplies from the main, F^exwitb. the reft
took towards Cadiz., which at firft plaid fofore upon the Englifh, that the
formoft began to give back, till FjJex caught his own Colours j and caft them
over
Ghap.ji. Htflory of the fForld. 6op^
over the wall into the Town, to engage his men : a furious aflault is made^the An.Chrifti.
Colours regained, and the Town furprifed, though with the lofle of many En- L/^/^'W
glilh, among whom Sr. 'John IVinkfidd was flain.
The Town and Caftle being furrendred , the fury of the fouldiers is ftaid
by proclamation, great refpeftwasfliewed to religious Perfons, women and
children:, the Ladies were fufFered to depart quietly with their Jewels, the
Generals (landing by to fee them fafely fhipped.The Bifliop ofCufco is releafed
without ranfome, the fpoile of the town is given to the fouldiers, one hundred,
and twenty thoufand Ducats are promifed by the townfmen for their ranfom,
IQ the fhips alfo that ran on fhore offered two millions and a half of t)ucats for
their ranfom ^ but the Duke o^Aleditii Stclonia^h.diTind\ o^Sparrf^ caufed them
all to be fet on fit e , yet the Mutthevp was faved, and fo was the Andrew ; thus
was that rich fleet fuddenly confumed, the town ranfacked and burned , and
the whole Kland wafted.
The Englifh having abandoned Cadiz, , fet faile Weft ward towards Faro, a >
town in Algarva •■, where the E^rl landing his mcn^took what they found in the
town forfaken by its inhabitants, and forraged the Country for three leagues
about. Thence they put to fea again, and landed fafely at rlymouth^ AHgMJt 7. « 1- g 7,
The next year, the Earl of Ejfex is employed by the Queen , both as Admiral
ao iiotl General in another Voyage againft the Spaniard, with fix thoufand men,
befides Mariners, in one hundred and twenty ftiips, which jf«/)' 9, fet faile
from Tlymouth for the Azoref^ but were driven back by ftorm •■, they fet faile a-
gain Angujl 1 7. and September 1 5. they arrived at thofe Ifles, which fubmitted
prefently^they fackt the town Vil/a-Franca^ took a Brafl-man, and three prizes,
which they brought intoEw^/^W, worth four hundred thoufand Ducats.
The traffique of 5/><i;« failing by reafon of thefe wars , the young king of
Tolund^Sigifmund^ fent an Ambafladour to Queen Eliz,aheth,who had audience
atGreenmch--, He complains that the Poland Merchants are hindred in their
trade with Spa/n by fea, which iliould be open to all ^ therefore wiftieth fome
go redreffe and reftitution be made , or elfe his Mafter who is fo neerly allied to
the King of ^p<^/« and houfe oiAujiria , would feek fome means to right him-
felf : to this the Queen in latine anfwered, That his Mafter was too young and
unCTsperienced in negotiating with Princes 5 and that his threatning fpeech fa-
voured more of ignorance and arogance , then of judgement and good man-
ners j She ftiews him that it was not againft the law of nature for her to inter-
cept military helps from any to her enemy : fo wiftiing him to wait for a fur-
ther anfwer from her Counfel, ftie rifeth in anger.
Another Ambafladour comes from Denmark., to intreat a peace between
Spain and England^ and amity between England and Denmark,^ and a free
^o Traffique between Spain and Denmark^i, whereas hitherto the DaniQi Mer-
chants had fufFered by the Englifti ••, and laftly , he delivers to her the
Garter , which the former King deceafed had worn : For the peace with
Spain , (he told him , fhe broke it not , nor would (he fue for confirma-
tion of it , efpecially by fo young a King as the Dane was, as for peace
withDt'ww^r^, fbewas willing to continue it 5 but for any wrongs done by
her (hips on the Danifb Merchants, fhe knew not s if anylliould appear, fatis-
faclion Qiould be made. Shortly after this, the Englifli Merchants are arrefted
in the Sound ^ for which caufe the Queen fends thither an AmbafTadour, to
whom all (Iltisfaftion and content is given by the Dane,
50 Mean while T/r-Oc;/,whom the Queen had made an Earl, and pardoned
twice, begins to ftir again i> her ^ and firft he adails the Fort of Elack^Tvatcr^ by
which the entry lay into his country, and got it by furrender;^ Then he writes
to Kildarc^ to fide with him 5 and to Sir John Norrk appointed Lord General,to
ufe him mildly, ledhefliould flieout into diI]oialty ; In this mean time, his
guard confifted of one thoufand horfe, and fix thoufand two hundred and
eighty foot oiVljier , and two thoufand three hundred oiConaught -, all which
D d d d are
6io The Second ^^art of the Book VI.
An.Chrijii. are proclaimed traitours : The Queen willing to be quiet , fent Coinmiffio-
^■^^^^''^^^^i--' ners ro confer with the Earl , who complains of the Wrongs done him by Sis
Henry Bngnal Marfhal ; then he petitions that he and his may be pardoned,and
reftored to their elbtes, that they might freely exercife the old Religion 5 that
no fouldier or Sheriff lliould meddle with the jurifdidion of his Earldome j
that he may be reftored to his pay, and Company of fifty horfe ^ that the fpoi-
lers of his Country be puniflied 5 and that Bagtial fhould pay him the thoufand
pounds promifed him in Dowry with his fifter, Tirons wife : Then the Com-
miffioners propounded thefe Articles to him. That he would lay down Arma
and fubmit , reedifie the defaced Forts, admit the Queens Officers, reftore the I O
fpoils, confefle how far they had dealt with forreign Princes , and laftly to dif-
claim all forreign aide. lir-Oen would not hearken to thcfe demands 5 there-
fore N<?rm with the Deputies help, marcheth \nx.o Armagh •■, whereupon T/r-
Oen forfakes Blak-K>ater Fort, fires the Villages about ,. and plucks down Dun-
eannott town, with part of his own houfe : Norrk fets a garrifon in the Church
o^ Armagh^AwA proclaims Tir-Oen traitour.
Trr-Oc» to gain time, prefents a feined fubmiffion, proftrates himfelf be-
fore the Qiieens Pifture, ungirds his fword, and craves pardon^ wherein
the interim he deals with ^/»^/» for aide, and meflengers thence are fent him
with promifes of men and arms : Hereupon he makes havock of the countrey, 20
andthen fues for pardon again 5 and withall (ends king Philips letters, and the
eaufes of his own difcontent to the Deputy : In the mean time , moft of Con-
naught revolteth, and all Vljier rebelleth,except feven Caftles that kept for the
Queen, 'ihcfmashoxd Bnrrough is fent Deputy into Ireland, and Ntfrr/i- upon
difcontent dicth. The new Deputy makes forward to meet with the Rebels,
who encountred him, but they loofe Blackjvater Fort again 5 and whileft they
endeavoured to refcue it, Kildare interpofeth, and difcomfiteth them, but with
the toflTeof fome prime men, and dear friends 5 for which he died of grief.
159°' Tir-Oe«ralliethhis forces again, and in the Deputies abfence, beleaguresit
with all his ftrength : The Deputy hearing of this , haftneth to refcue it , but 50
by the way he dieth. Then was the Earl of Ormond made Governour of Ire-
land. Tir-Oen again complains of the wrongs he fuftained , and oppreflions of
If Inland under the Englifh, by which his difaffeftion to the Englilh Nation was
known : Bagnel'is fent to raife the fiege at BlacJ^water with fourteen compa-
nies:, neer y^rw^^A the enemy meets him, where in a bloody conflift Bagnal
is nairt, and the Englifh quite defeated ; here thirteen Captains were flain,and
fifteen hundred common fouldiers were routed and cut off, hereupon the
garrifon of ^/<it/(*irrf/er is furrendred, zud7ir-0en furniftied with all forts of
provifion and arms.
77r-Oe«puft up with this fuccefle, fends four thoufand into Munjier, who 40
profecutethe Englilb there with fire and fword, and after a moneih return
richly laden : He fends letters alfo to king rhilip of Spain ^ prom i fin g to keep
his allegiance to Spain^ and enmity with England, In this fad condition of /re-
laniJ^ the Earl ofpj/ex is fent over with fixteen thoufand foot , and four thou-
fand horfe 5 being arrived thither,he fals upon the Rebels ofMunjier^ and cha.-
feth them into the woods, with great lofle both of men and time 5 thence he
made into Ie;A;//i^t'r,againft the Rebels there, whom he vanquifhed , but Sir
Conyevs Clifford ^^ovcrnour oi Connaught is (]ain,and his forces defeated^ where-
upon the Lord General enttrsVlJier '^ Tir-Oen defires a parly with him, which
is denied : The next morning, the Earl defires a parly again^ and is again refu- 5o
fcd^ but upon his third petition, it is granted. He had conference with f_;^ex
for an hours fpace, then both returned to their Companies, and fome choife
men are appointed to confer with T/V-Oe«, and Commiffioners for a treaty of
1599* peace. But the Queen was highly difpleafed, that fo much blood and money
hnd been fpent in vain , and fo much time loft without fervice upon the Arch-
rebel : Wherefore Blfex haying received ftiarp letters from her , who was alfo
incenfed
Ch A p. 3 1. Hil^ory of the JVorld. 6 1 1
incenfcd by his encmie?, he haftneth into hngLiul^ where at Nort-jnch^ he had /in.Chnftu
accede to the Queen ^ bur ftiortly after, is commanded to his Chamber , and v-<"V>-»*
then committed to the cuilody of the Lord-keeper.
The news of chis commitment gave occalion to Tir-Ovn to flie out agaim
who gives out, that he would reftore Irelandto her antient religion and liber-
ty, and txptll all the Englilh;, he receives from ^p<i/» money, and arms 5 and
from Rowc Indulgences, with a plume o^Phccnix feathers , for a trophic of his
viftories: Afterthi?, in the midl^ of winter, he goeth on Pilgrimage to the
holy-croRein T/p/Jov/^j, whence he fends Mac-Cmrc to fpoile the Country:;
10 whom Sir IVarhcUft Saint La^jr ran with a Lancethrough the body, and was by
him run through himfelf : Hereupon Jrr-Oen returns from Aiunjier. The Lorcl I 6 O 6.
Mont joy at this time is made Deputy oi Ireland^ who in May prepares to \x\-
vadcVlJicr-^ where he forced T/r-Ocw to draw back into his old corners 5 He
kils the chiefeft of the Rebels 5 he breaks through the Irifn Pallifadoes, beats
the enemy back, and plants a garrifon eight miles from Armagh , which he na-
med Aloitnt hli»rJf^ in memory of Sir ^fl/i« Noms:, at Carl/ngjbi'd he gave a
total rout to the enemies. In the midfl of Winter he clears the Glinnes or Val-
lies o^Lcnnjter from Rebels ^ he fubdues divers other places, fortifies Armagh^
and drives Jir-Oen from Elackveatcr.
30 Inthemean time, king r/vZ/f of Spuiri fends Don^john dc Aqiiilu with two
thoufand Spaniards and fomelrifh fugitives to help lir-Omt, thefe land at
Kinjalc in Jlloimjicr, where they publifti their Com.miffion , and Queen ElTLa-
hetls Dcpofiticn : The Deputy encamps neer Ksvfai-^ and Sir Richard Lcv/foff,
with two of the Queens (hips inclofeth the Haven ^ but hearing of two thou-
fand Spaniards more at R>T-Haven, makes hafte thither, and finks five of their
ftiips^ to this new fupply of Spaniards, the lebels repair, who made up fix
thoufand foot and five hundred horfe : Thefe intended to have put the Spa-
niards and eight hundred Irilh into Kwfalc , but they were prevented by the
Deputies vigilancy, who followed the Rebels as they were retreating towards
go a Bog, where their horfe were routed by the Earl o£ Clanricard--^ the main
battel was charged by the Deputy, who quickly put the Rebels to flighty
many ofwhom were flain, with twelve hundred Spaniards, and divers com-
manders taken prifoners , lir-Oen flieth to his ftarting-holes in Vljler , and 0-
donddnvGw'mtoSpaitJ.
The General being returned to the fiege of iiC/«///e, and having mounted
his Canons, is fent to by D. Acjuila for a parly , complaining of the Irifti rudenes^
perfidioufnefle,andcowardife5 andfhewing thathedefired peace not out of
want either in the town, or from Spame : the Deputy willingly hearkened to
a peaces and it was Articled, that D. AqtuU (hould quit all places he had in
/|.o /»"e/i?«(^ J and ihould with his Spaniards depart, with arms, money, munition,
and banners difplaied :, that they Ihould have (hips, an-d viftuals for their mo-
ney, that they (hould beufed as friends , if driven into any harboursof £;«^-
/it«<ri or /rcAiwfl', that a ceflation (hould be from war, that their Ihips (hould
freely palfe without moleftation from Englifhlhips, Many of T/>-Oe«'s men
wei e drowned in their flight by the Winter floods,and he himfelf ihifted from
one corner to another.
The next Spring the Deputy marcheth from Dublin towards Vlfler^ where
heforcethT/r^Ofwtofet his ownhoufeat Dunrannon on fire, who flies from
place to place :, then the Deputy waftes all his Country, and takes in many
50 places, fo that now the Rebels exclaim againft Tir-Oen, and refolves to come in
to the Deputy^ which caufed this Arch-Rebel to beg pardon again of the
Queen , who granted it :, then he came in a poor array to the Deputy,and fell
twice on his face before him , acknowledging the Queens goodnefle , and his
own wickednefl'ein rebelling fo often , hoping he (hould findc her wonted
clemency, and- flie (hould not faile of his true loyalty ;, but when he bec^anto
excufe himfelf in fome things, the Lord Deputy commanded him to belilent,
Dddd 2 and
20
6 1 z The Second Tart of the Book VI.
jinxhrjjiu and to depart the prefence, which he did, and had been fent over into England^
o.^cr'sz-^i^ had not the news of the Queens death hindred this defigne.
The Earl ofEJJex was ever held in jealoulie , fince his conference with Tir-
Oen--) yet prefuming on his own merits and innocencie, carried himfelfe fo '
ftoutly and ftubbomly to the Queen , that the Lord Keeper by a Letter pru-
dently advifeth him to yield to the times, to fubmit to the Queenj nnd not to
livefuchadifcontentcd life as he did, whereby he wronged his friends, his
honour, his fortunes, his country, and his Soveraign, and withall encouraged
the foraign enemy to rejoice and infult : He intreats him therefore to yield,
ifhe be guilty, out of duty ^ ifnot guilty, outofpolicie^ for in this he would lO^
fhew both his honour, prudence, and piety, and withall his true valour in con-
quering himfelf. To this Letter the Earl anfwers , by laying the caufe of all
his difcontents upon the Queens obduratenefle to him , who had deferved fo
well of her:, Hefhewes, that willingly he doth not wrong either his friends,
honour, fortunes, country , nor Soveraign by his retiredneffe , feeing he is
forced thereto, and driven by the Queen to a private life , who hath difabled
him from ferving his country in any publike way, but hath made him capable
toferveitby facrificinghis lifeand caikalle toit : He is indeed bound to her
Ma jefty in the duty ot AllegiancCjnot of Attendance 5 in the firfl: he will never
fail, of the fecond there is no need : He yields to the time, for he faw the ftorm
coming, therefore put himfcU into the harbour , but he will never yield him-
felf to be guilty, or the impofition laid on him juft ; however he will patiently
bear all 5 for Princes may erre, and (ubjects may receive wrongs no power
(hall Ihew more itrcngthand conftancie inoppreffing, then he will (hew in
fufFeting.
The Queen notwithftanding this Letter, which laid all the blame of his
fufFerings on her, wns contented he fhould be removed to his own houfe^
then (he fends fome of herCouncellors to convent him about the manner of his
treating with ltr~Ocn^ and his leaving o^ Ireland^ contrary to the Queens com-
mand : his anfwer was, That he had to do with bogs and woods , as well as 30
with men, and forced to do things there, which he would not have done elfe-
where. The Queen was contented with his anfwer and fubmiffion i yet he is
fufpended from the exercife of his office for a while, and (hortly after he is fet
at liberty, the Queen hoping his fureft guard would be his own difcretion :
But his liberty, without his offices and wonted power at Court, could not
fettle his difcontents, which alfo were fomented by his foUov/ers j wherefore
atD>-«rj-houfe they con fult and agree to bring the Earl by violent hand into
the Qiieens pvefence, and to remove thence his oppofites : but the Queens
jealoufies incrcafed, by the continual flocking of Lords, Knights and Captains
to Fjjex-hoxxie , by his refuling to come before the Lords of the Councel when 40
he was commanded^ therefore fhe fends the Lord Keeper, with fome others
of his friends, to offer hmi juftice for any griefs, and to difmifle his afl'emblies,
Thefe being let in , but not their followers , the Earle complains his life was
fought after, and had been perfidioufJy dealt with : he was defired to exprefle
the particulars of his grievances , and he fhould have juftice and fatisfaftion 5
and withall his Attendants are commanded to lay down arms and to depart:
but the Earl fhut up the four Councellors in his Bed-chamber under fure cu-
ifodv, and in a tumultuous manner made into L^w^tf», his followers crying
that F/^ex fliould have been murthered by Cohhtm^ Cecily and Raivlci'^h •■, fo he
paft to Fuf!chnrch-jircci , where he entred the houfe of a fuppofed friend, one 5©
of the Sheriffs , but he abfentcd himfelf ^ in the interim Fjjcx is proclaimed
Traitor, 'mGruao»s-fireet heftooda while with a halbert in his hand, and a
napkin about his neck , but no body came to aflift him 5 Then hepafleth to-
wards Liidgatc^ but there he is refifted by fome Pike- men, and thruft through
the hat, fome of his company were hurt, and young Jrary ilain , So returning
thence to ^ccn-hize, he took Boat and lands at his own houfe, which he forti-
fied.
Ch /> p. 3 3 • Hiftory of the IForld, 6\f
fied, and the Lord Amiral affaulted :, upon refiftance fome are flain, which the Jn.chrijii.
Earl perceiving , prefently yeelded , dcGiing civil ufage and an honourable *«>^V^'^*>
trial, fo he was carried to Lambetfi-honQ: , and from thence, with Come others-,
to the Tower.
Upon the 19. of February, Ejfex and Southampton are arraigned :, and Fjjex
the 2 "5. of February is executed on the Green within the Tower, having iirft i 600.
conft'ffed this great fin of Rebellion, but that he never meant to wrong the
Queen , defiring all to think charitably of him, to hear the confeffion of his
faith , to forgive him , and to pray for him , fo his head was cut off at three
jQ ftrokes,tothe endangering of the Executioners life by the multitude: divers of
his accellhries died, fome at Tibiim^ibme on the Tower-hill, the Earls death was
much lamented both by the people, and the Queen her felf till her dying dayi
South^iK/pton was imprifoned in the Tower till he was releafed by King James.
At laft Queen El/zabeth having fetled her dominions in peace, died the 24. of
March, the 6c). year of her age , and of her Reign the 44. She was a Queen of
fuch eminent endowments,that to (aylittle were to wrong her,and to fay much 1602;
were to flatter her, therefore let her own works praife her. She was happy in
this, that never any Prince of this land had fuch wife Counfellors, fuch po-
litick Statifts, fuch refoluteand couragious fouldierai
20
Chap. XXXIII.
The Hijiory (^/Scotland under ^een Mary , from the year 1 560. tilltheyear
1567.
WHilft an Army is preparing in F.nglandto affift the Scots Proteftants, jg^Q
the French plunder Drfert and Wimes^ two Towns in Fife^ then they
march toward St. Andrews, and in the way they fpie eight great Ihips
50 afar ofFin the fea , who being in hope that thefe were (hips from France com-
ming to aid them, difcharge for joy their great Ordnancej but underftanding
by fome fmall barks that this was an £«^///7? fleet comming to aid the Prote-
ftants , and that a Land-army was upon the borders , their joy is turned into
fear and grief, and they prefently difperfe themfelves fundry wayes, the richer
fort of thofe places fend away their wealth into remoter Countries. The
Fre«r^ plunder friends and foes , affirming that the Scots Catholicks were too
fparing in he! ping their friends, for which caufe many of them fall off from
the French faftion, fo that all Fife turns Proteftants, the examiple of which was
followed by divers other Countries in fhaking off the French tyranny 5 two
^O thips in the interim with a thoufand foot, and fome horfe are fent from France^
the fre«c/) were no fooner landed, but the two (hips are carried away by the
Scots in the night : fliortly after eight French fhips more arrive with meny
money and munition , but finding the Frith fo full of Englipih'ipSy they re-
turn home again ^ another Englrp fleet comes, fo that now the Hie of Keth is
befet round, and all commerce by fea kept from Leith ; mean time the gover-
noursof Fife meet Hunt ly at Terth, where after three dayes conference, he
with all the Northern parts come in to the Proteftant party.
The Lords of the Reformation hearing that the Enghjh Army of fix thou-
fand foot and two thoufand horfe were come , they go to meet them at Had-
^Cfdington:, the Regent with fome few of her fervants, to be out of dangpr^
betakes her felf into Edinburgh-Caitie-^ Aresl{7n the governour, though he
held the Caftle for the Proteftants, yet was content to admit the Regent,
hoping thereby ftie would be the eafier wrought upon , being now in his
powers to this purpofe the Proteftant Lords fend a letter to her, wherein they
complain of the wrongs fuftained by her means in filling the Kingdome with
French, by whom the people are much afflided, that they have often befought
het
6 1 4. T^he Second ¥art of the Book. V I,
y^«.C^r//?z.hertodifmiffe them, whichbccaufeftie willnotconfent to, they havcthere-
■*"*'"^*^'"^*» fore intreated the Qiieen of Etiglunds nffiftance , not thereby to caft otf their
allegiance to their own Sovereign, but to eafe their own necks from the
ftrangers yokci therefore they befeech her to difmille the fre«r^ forces , who
fliall have fafe condud by the Fngljjij either by fea or land ; if fhe refufe
this, they take God towitnefle, they are clear of the mifchiefs that will
enfue.
Upon the approach of the FngUjJ)^ thirteen hundred French came out of
£e7//jto feife themfelves of a hill not far off, there was skiimifl.ing for five
hours for obtaining that place : at laftthe Scots horfe furioufly breaking in 10
upon the I rench Army drove them back into the Town , and had the Efighfi
•horfe been in readinelle , that / retirh party had been all cut ofF^ feme parlies
were held with the Regent about a peace, which took no effeft , becaule the
Scctr would conftnt to nothing till the ftrangers were fent away^ and now the
Englip having ihot often againfl: Leith to no purpofe,draw nearer to the Town
with their Ordnance, a part of which cafually fell on fire , and burned till the
next day, fo that much of the French provifion was confumeds then the Enghjh
fetthe water-mills near the Town on fire, which the trench would have
quenched, but could nojK- the befiegers aflayed to fcale the walls , but were
beat off with the loflcof a hundred and fixty of their men , whereupon the 20
fiege rifeth, and the Fffch/fi forbear to attempt any more till they have further
direftions from the Qiieen ^ in the interim letters come from the Duke of
Norfolk, wifhingthe F;;(;//y? tobecouragiou'', ai.dtocontinue the liege, pro-
inifingthem aid enough , and his own prefcnce, if need required, withall he
fends them his pavillion, andlLortly after two thoufand Auxiliaries, fothe
fiege is renewed again, and divers skirmiflies followed.
In the mean time Queen £//z.^/'e.'A fends fome £»^///7jCommi{Iioncrs into
Scotland to treat with the French Commiflioners for a peace 5 about which
time the Queen-Regent died of grief in the Caftle o^ Edinburgh , a Lady of
her own nature inclined to goodnels and peace, but fhe was over-ruled by the 3°
King and Qiiecn of France, and they by the Cit/fes ; the Commiffioners at firft
could not accord , becaufe the French dcCned to carry home all their booty
with them, which was denied ; wherefore they broke out again into open ho-
ftility, but the Frrnch finding their provifion almoft fpent , and no hopes of
fupply^ the Ew^/z/Aalfo growing weary, and the iY^fj-fouldiers wanting their
payjthcy all inclined to peace, which was concluded on thefe Articles^ That
the French fliould be gone within twenty dayes, and fome Fnglijl) {hips fhould
be provided for them : That Ic/z/j fhould be reftored to the Scots, and the
walls demoliflied : That the fortifications ereded by the t rench about Dmnbar
be thrown down : That the Fnglip 0 ould withdraw their Armies out of 4^
Scotland: And that an Aft of oblivion pafle. It was alfo agreed that fixty
French fhould keep the pofitflion of Ker//j-Il]and and £'««?/'<?r-Caftle, left the
Queen fhould think that ihe is quite deprived of all government.
After the French were gone, Scotland was very quiet till Queen Mary came
over, a Parliament is held in Edinburgh, where the Proteftant faith is efta-
blifhed, and fent to Queen Tl/^/ry for her approbation : Ambafladors are alfo
fent mtoEngland tothaak theQueen for herafriftance;;,and nowabout this time
King Francis dieth, at which the Scots were glad, hoping now to be quite freed
from the French yoke, ^vnes the Qiieens brother hafteneth into France to his
fifter, who with her uncles was retired in Lorram from her mother in law,who 50
nowtookuponher the government of the Kingdome : Queen Mary fignifi-
eth to her brother, that fhe was willing to return into Scotland, and therefore
appointed a day for that purpofe, defirous rather to command as a Sovereign
in her own Country , then to live as a fubjeft to a mother-in-law in a foreign
Kingdome, mean while fhe fends back her brother into Scotland, with her
Letters-patents for calling of a Parliament , that the French Amballador who
was
Chap.}). Hifiory of the World. 6tf
was lately fent thither, might have audience i his demands were to have the A n.chrijii.
old league renewed with fr^wrcjand thenew broken with Fw^/(iw4,thePriell:s^-'''"^*^'~N^
reftored again to their places andrevenews : To the fird, it was anfwered by-
the Lordsjthey never broke the league with Francc^hvLt the F rench have broke-
with them , by endeavouring to infringe their liberties : as for the league with
E/r^foWjthey can no waves break without extream ingratitude to their deli-;
verers*5 as forthePriefts, they need none of their fervice, being theyknoW^
noufeoffuchj but arenow better fiipplied.
In thi« Parliament an hdc was made for demolifliingof all Mon after ies<, and-
I^CoiTimiffions fent abroad for that purpofe ^ but the .^leens friends advifed
her, thdt at her firft comming mm Scotland:^ fhe fhould not medle with matters
of religion, till (he had got fure footings and thea flie might fhew her power i
ber Uncles ar^imated her toreeftablilh the Roman Faith : CharU the Cardinal
counfelkdhertoleaveinhiijcuftod-y herricheft houfliold'-ftuffe, jewels, and
robes , becaufe of danger by fea. j but ftie told hinijthat her life was more dear
toher, then her jewels, if then Ihe trufted the one to the fea , fhe would not
leave the other-behind: An AgcRtis fent to ^leen Elizabeth to found her
how fl)e-was afFeSed, if queen Mury fliould make her journey through Eng-
httd-^ It was anfwered, that none fhould be wekomer to her then queen Miiry-
ao-her kinswoman , With t^i^an En^lifh fleet is fent out,fome thought it was to
intercept queen Mary^ iffhe fhould go home without vifiting queen Elizahethy
but queeti Mary notwithftanding, by reafon of a great mift, got into Scotlind^
upon the report of whofe arrival , the Lords and Gentry flock from all parts
ofthekingdome, fome for one end^fome for another : At firft it was agreed
that the fleligion fhould ftand as it was now eftablifhed in Scotland^ onely the
^leen fhould be permitted to have Mafle at Court for her felf and family.
Shortly after,as the Pricfts were going into the Queens Chappel,onc fnatcht
the Taperout ofthe hands of one,whieh made a fudden hubburb, but all was
pacified agairi by '^arnes the Queens brother 5 the Earl of Htmtly , whofe fami-
sfo ly hath been ever cbnftant to the Roman profeflion, took this affront in very
ill part, and told the Queens Uncles ( who were then prcfent ) that he would .
reduce all the Northern parts again tothe old religion 5 the reft of that year
was fpent in feafts and masks to entertain the French Peers, who accompanied
the Queen into Scotland: fhortly after, an Ainbafladour is fent by the Queen
and her Lords to ^een Elizabeth, for confirming ofthe league , and continu-
ing mutual love to each others withalllheis defired to declare the^ieenof
Scots to be her next heir, as being next in blood , if fo be fhe have no children ^ ^^ > .
ofherowii : To this fhe anfwers, wondring that ®ueen A/^rj' and her Peers ^ /•
did not rather fend a confirmation of the league at Leith-^ this theAmbaffa-
40 dour excufed, that he was prefently fent away upon the ^eens landing, and
that as yet fhe hath had fcarce time toconfcrr With her Lords about the affairs
ofthe Kingdome, and fettling of Religion ; But faith <^ieen Elizabeth^fbe was
tied by her hand and feal to confirm that League f therefore fhe needed no
great time for that ^ to this the Ambafladout could fay nothing, as being no
part of his Commiilion : then faith the ^eeh off «g/<t«is^, I grant that your
^leeri is next in blood to me 5 and all the world knows, I never attempted
to doc her wrong, even when fhe wronged me, in ufurping my titles and
arms '-, but I impute this rather to others , then to her felf 5 however, I hope,'
fhe will give me leave to enjoy my kingdome, whilft I live , and tny children
50 after me, if I have any, if I have none, I fhall not any vvaies hinder her right,
neither doe I know any (I fpeak in the prefence of God ) whom I fhould pre-
ferre to her, or who hath any right after me to my Crown,but her felf t and {d
defiring fome longer time to think upon fo weighty a bufinelTe , fhe difmiifeth
the Ambaffadour.
A few dales after fhe fends for him againj^and wonders what the Scots Lords
meant, to fend her fuch a mcflage, upon the landing of their ^een,and before
fatisfadionf
6i6 The Second Tan of the Book.VI;
Jfi.Chrifii fatisfaftion be made for former wrongs^ I am not (faith fhej deftitute either of
^-^^^"^^ force at home, or friends abroad, to maintain my own right : the Ambaflador
anfwers, 1 hat their intent was only to (hew their affedlion to their Qucenjand
to avoid the fhedding of much blood, and fetting the two kingdoms at odds,
if any queftion fliould arife about the title of fucceffion : I diflike not their
intent (faith (he) but what needs all this/ceing I never went about to queftion
her title? but however, I am not willing whilft I am alive to look upon my
own winding-flieet^ nor do I think it prudence in me to declare her my fuc-
ceflbr, for that will breed many difputations according to peoples afFeftions j
befides, lam married to my kingdome, whilft I live this marriage cannot be jq
diflblved, when I am dead let them fucceed that have moft right j again, my
declaration in this point may occafion rather fome emulation between the
twokingdoms, then confirm union 5 Princes ufe tobeleife affefted to thofe
whom they know fliall fucceed them, then otherwife^ fo was Charles -/.oi
France to Levpis \ i . and he to Charls 8. and lately Francis to Henry his fucceffor:
again,! know the inconftancie of this people, an)d howmoredo worfhipthe
rifing then the fetting fun , my lifter Mary was not willing to hear that I fliould
fucceed her :, I know that many out of every difcontent, and becaufe I do not
fatisfie their expedations , their covetous and ambitious thoughts will be apt
to fall off from me to my fucceflbr , who the more he or ftie Ihines in the peo- 20
pies afFed ions , the dimmer will be my light, and the more I ftrengthen her
title of fucceffion, the more I ftiall weaken my own fecurity : buti will take
time to think moreferioufly of this bufines, and flaall endeavour in this to
gratifie your Queen, when Ihe fhall confirm the League to which ftie is bound.
After divers other difcourfes, Commiffioners are appointed on both fides
to review the former League, and to bring it into thefe heads, to wit, That
Queen Jl iary (hould forbear the titles oi England and Ireland^ and likewife the
Queen oi England s Arms;' on the other fide, That Queen Elizabeth fhould
not either by her felfe or her pofterity go about to hinder the fucceffion of
Scotland to the Crown oi England. But whilft thefe things were in agitation, 30
theQviecn commits theProvoftand Magiftrates ot £'<5//«^«>*g/» to the Caftle,
for fetting forth a proclamation , That all Papifts muft avoid the City by a
certain day. The Minifters oi Edinburgh complain againft the Queen in their
Sermons, for celebrating Mafle with fuch folemnity upon All-Saints day,
Ihewingthat it was lawfull for the people to force the Prince toobfervethe
Lawes eftabliflied,and to abolilh Popery : but the Nobility were loth to heark-
en to this doftrine. In the interim the Borderers fell to Spoiling and plundring
the neighbouring countries, againft thefe J^w/^j the Queens bafe-brother is
fcntwithlome forces, whofuddenly furprifeth them, of whom he hanged
eight and twenty , others upon hoftages given he difmiffed. The Queen alfo 40
made the people jealous of her, by fecuring her felfwitha ftronger guard
then her predeccflors ufed to have , which was occafioned upon a report that
the Earl oiAran ( whom flic did not affed for his religion , being a rigid Cal-
vini(r) intended to feife on her perfon , and to carry her to his caftle fixteen
miles off-, flbe angered alfo the Priefts, by exadting of them the third part of
their revenues for maintenance of Preachers, and the reft for her own ufe,
ha\ ing wafted much of the Crown-revenues. To make herfelf more gracious
with the people, flic creates her brother ^'^'^/ex Earl of yt/^r 5 but this honour
being found to belong anciently to the Aresl^ins^ flie makes him infteadof
Mar Eail oi AJurrj^ and procures him the Earl-Marflials daughter for his wife 5 50
but f ///w//)' ftorms at this, having been governour of thefe two Provinces a
great while, and challenged Miirry for his inheritance ; fo that at this time he
was the richeft and powerfullcft Peer of the Kingdome , and all the Northern
parts were at his beck, only Muk.intofe^.gve^tmdin among the Highlanders
refufed to befubjcftto him 5 which fo incenfed Hiintly ^ that he unawares
fcifcdupon his perfon and imprifuned him . and in his abfeucehis Counteffe
caufcd
Ch A p. 5 3 • Iftftory of the JForJd, * (5 1 7
caufcd his head to be ftruck off, not without fufpition that it was done by ^n.chrjif.
HnKtltci coirmand. ^•~V"N^
The iame llnnlly was alfo highly incenfcd againfi: the Earl of yi/z/rre^jWhom
heaccuicd to the Qiiccn that he aimed at the Crown, but his proofs were
invalid. TheEiirl /jV^/Zuiv/ at this time, havinglaviOily wafted his patrimony,
knew not how to live but by fiQiing in troubled waters •■, therefore^o fet the
Kingdome in a Civill-war, he endeavours to make dillention between Afmrey
Sind the BamUloNs i, fo heftrivestoperfwade yi/«>re;' that the H,;;/////<?«/ aimed
at his and the Qi.ieens dcftrudtion , and promifeth affiftance to cut them of^
j^ whicl 1 fid Ji he, will be a work acceptable to the Qiieen,for fo fhc (hall be rid of
ncarkinfmen pretending to the Crownjbefides that v4r<z« is her great enemy:
Jliurrc) reflifcd to meddle in fuch a bloody bufinelle, therefore Bothrpel'mctn-
feth the Htw.'ihcns againft him, accufing him as their great enemy, and that it
was eafie to fcife upon him as he ufually walked alone in Fall^Und Park. Aran
abhorring this plot, by private letters informeth yl/«n-e; with it, who returns
anfwcr by the fan.e mcllenger •■, but Aran being abfent, his father opcneth the
letters, and vvithall imprifoneth his fon, who efcaped in the night to Falkland^
where the Court then was, and difclofeth the whole plot; whereupon Bothwel
TLud Calviu thif/rlton the chief aftors are apprehended and imprifoned, the
30 cne in Edinbiirgb^ the other in S/cr/zw^ Caftle , and Aran himfelfwho faltered
in his difcovtry, is (ent to St. Andnves-C^^lc , Vvhere he feignc d himfelf mad,
left he fliould deteft his father who had a hand in the plot^but he fo conftantly
accuff^dii'^.'/jirc/, that he offered in vindication of the truth to fightaduell
with him.
Mean while Htintly ufeth all the means he can to cut off Murrey his compe-
titor, divers waves he attempted, but all failed , ac ler g:h he procures fome of
his followers to fall upon him in the night-time ashewasgoing home from
the Queen, for he ufually ftaid late with her ; but Murrey hearing of the plot,
got fome of them who lay in wait for him to be apprehended in their Arms,
50 i:y//«^/*yexcufed the matter, that they meant to ride home in their Arms, and
bad no oiher intent , and fo the bufineffe was (ilenced; but the Guifes w'xxh.
tinrttlcy and othcrSjdid altogether aim at Jllurrks deftruftion, not onely out of
private refpefts, but alfo becaufe he was a main fupporter of the Proteftants.
The Qyeen is advifed to bear Huntley in handj that (lie would marry with his
fon jfo/jWj purpofely to further hisdelignsin promoting the Catholick caufe;^
for this end (he m.nkes a progrefTe into the Northern parts : now (he hated
both Huiiilcy for his greainelle,and Murrey for his religioni,ihe tells Huntley that
(he could not with her honour be reconciled to his fonj^o^wwho raifed a tu-
mult lately in Edinburgh ^ till (irfthewere imprifoned in Sterling-C:{{We. a
>a while, this (he intended,becaufe fne knewthat during 'Johns abfence, (he could
not be delired to marry ; but Huntley was not willing his fon fliould be com-
mitted tocuftody, chiefly under Tt/^ir, 7l/«mc/ uncle , who wasgcvernour of
$terliiig-0;).{i\& : hut '^Jm Gordon Hunt lies fon , who had efcaped out of Edirt-
i2«;-(^/>-Caftle, wasnownear y^/fcrf^ew quartered with a thoufand horfe.
A^oi^^t the fame time Bothvpel by a rope efcaped out of EdTnburgh-Oi^Xe'.thc
Queei> intends to go further North, themurtherwas put ofT till (he came to
Sirnihbogie tht' Earls houfe ; but in the way when (he could not perfwade hiiii
to be content that his fon fliould be fent a prifoner for a while, (he turned afide
and would not lie at his houfe, but went for Inncrnejje-^ when (he came thither
50 flic is not flifiercd to enter the Caftle which was .kept by HuntUcs forces, where-
fore .flie. is fain to lie in the Town, which (he commands to be (frongly
^uardcdj, and the (hips which lay there to be ready to convey her away if any
danger ihould be :, when the Clanchatan's ^ Frafers zndAIonroes^ with divers
other flunilics underftoodin what.danger the Qi^ieen was, repaired all to her
aid, and prtfcntly lay fie ge to the Caftle , which for want of neceflaries yeel-
dtd^ and divers oi tlie gari ifon were hanged^ from thence (he returns to Aher-
E e e e den^
6i8 ' The Second Van of the Book. VI.
Jfj.chri jii f/i «f,where fhe eJcprefleth her indignation againft Huntley : he perceiving there
^"^"^^^"^^ was no way to obtain his will over the Queen,but by the death of her brother,
he intended to difpatch him with all fpeed. Murrey uiiderftanding in what
dinger he was raifeth what forces he could and marcheth out againft Huntley ,
a hot skirmifh enfueth in which the Huntlyans are difcomfited, 1 20. were flain,
and ioOi#aken prifoners, among whom was Huntley himfelf with his two
fons ']ohn and Adam i the father being aged and corpulent , died as foon as
he was taken, the reft are brought to Aberden^ where J<7)&« was beheaded, or
rather mangled by the unskilful Executioner to the great grief of the fpcfl:a-
torsj and of the^ieen her felf, for he was of a comely prefence , and in the j^
flower of his age ^ Adam is pardoned bccaufe he was young : many Gordons
were either fined or baniflied^Ge^rge Huntlies eldeft fon fled to his father-in-law
Hamilton , who came to the ^ucen , now being returned from Aberden to
Terth , to beg pardon for his fon-in-law ; the ^een gave good words till flic
had got him out of Humiltons hands , then ftie fends him to Dumbar-Qa^W-i
1 5 ° 3- the next year he is fent to Edinburgh^ where he is condetnncd of Trcafon , and
remitted to Dnmbar,
Things being thus fetled,Btf//jire/is fummoned to return to his prifonjwWch
becauie he refufed, is proclaimed Traitorj Matthew Stuart Earl ot Lcnox^ after
tv^o and twenty years banifhment returns home , and is reftorcd again 5 his ^q
1504. (-Q„ Henry returns out of England : Mean while the Archbifliop of St. Andrevos
for faying MafTeisimprifoned in £^/;/W^/)-Caftle. The Queen falls in love
with young Lc»<?x, being her Aunts fon , dnda comely youth, and equally
allied to Queen Elizabeth as her felf, who fcemed to approve of this match,
thinking it fafer for her that Queen Mary take him for her husband then a
foreign Prince^ yet fhe fends Ambafladors to Queen Mary, defiring her not to
be too hafty in a matter of that confequence^ a Parliament is called at Sterling^
fome of the Lords were for the match , fome againft it , chiefly Stuart of
Ochiltry, who faid he would never aflent to have a Popifli King over them, and
it was held fitter for the people to chufe a husband for one, then that onCj^
ihould chufe a King for them all ^ at laft her fide prevailed , and to make this
young Lord Darly the fitter for fo high a fortune as to marry a Queen, and the
widow of fo great a King , (lie honoureth him with the titles of Duke of RO'
the fay ^ and Earl of Rojfe.
The Queen fearing left her Uncles the Cuifes would hinder the marriage,
makes what hafte (he can to finifh it, being thereto alfb advifed by David BJz,^
whom of one of her Mufitians ftiehad made her Secretary for the French-
tongue, and who fowed the coals of diflention between her and Murrey^
whom he intended to murther , who alfo advifed her to fend fpr Bothwel out
of France , George Cordon Earl o( Sutherland out of Flanders ( who had been 40
baniflied for Trcafon) and toreleafe George Gordon of Huntly out of prifon,
which fl:e did,and reftored them to their honours. Murrey was much mcenfed
at Bothivcls Ttturn to advancement^ fo that he forfakes the Court , and fueth
Botlnvcl for the wrongs he had done him in feeking to murther him, but Both~
wel piefuniing on the Queens favour and his friends, flighted his citation, and
did not appear : mean while the marriage between the Queen and D^r/y is
haftened by Ddt^/^/H/a for his own private ends, and alfo for promoting the
Zlfl///j«PK.eligionj whereof both Earl Matthere and his fon Darly wereftout
aflevtors, and which the G^tijcs were ftriving to advance through all Chriften"
dome. 50
The marriage is performed about the end of 'July , and the next day Darly
is proclaimed King,tothegreat offence of divers Lords, and of the people,
who grua-ibled they fhould have a King impofed on them without confent ot
Parliament:, divers Lords abfented thcmfelves , who are therefore baniflied,
and their enemies called to the Courts the baniflied Lords met at r4/f^ , the
King and Queen with a guard of four thoufand goto Clafcow^ Hamilton-
Chap. 33- Wfloryof the TForJd. 6\f)
Cjlr'e is fummoncd to be delivered up to the Qiieen, which is denied : the yirt.chnlti-
baniftcd Lords were of different initids 5 the H/w///^?/// would have both the W'~\'"NfJ
King and (Queen to be flain , laying there could be no fecurity for them but
in their deaths^ the other Lords ( who perceived the H^w///wr drift in aiai-
ingattheCiownasne-xtheirSjby the deathof the King and Qiiecn) would
have all differences coinpofed in an amicable way , of this opiri ion were the
H.?;;///a <?//.'■ at kift, except 'j^wcj- their chief : thefe difcontented Lords repaire
to Edit7burgh to confult of raifing an Army, but were fo (hot at from the caftle
that they were forced to be gotie thence towards Dumfrize 5 the Queen makes
to the Earl of Lcw^x Lieutenant of the Weft, the goods of thofe are plundred
that wercficd into England^ and an oath is taken of the Nobility of tife to be
in arms for the defence of King and Queen ^ if any forces (hould come out of
England
The next ycaf a Parliament is called at Edinburgh^fbr fetj[ueftring the edates j <? ^ ,? ■
of thofe Lords who were baniftied, for degrading of them,and tearing of their
Arms, which the Prince cannot do there without confent of the Parliament.
In the interim the Queen is advifed by David to raife an Army for fuppreffing
of her enemies ^ and becaufe flie could not truft her own fubjefts , to fend for
German fouldiers 5 or Italians rather his country-men , who would be at his
20 beck : thus divers ftrangers are brought in by parcels and privately^that there
might be no fufpition. Divers difcon tents and jealoufies are fown between the
Ring and Qiieen , by which he became leffe gracious in her eyes, fo that his
power was leflened , and his outward eftate and honour impaired : David \«
blamed for being the caufe of this ^ wherefore the King by the advice of his?
friends ccnfpired his death, which the Queen uriderihnding prevented, but
the fecond confpiracie was carried more clofely 1, fdras the Queen was one
night at fupper,the King with ibme armed men by ttie private flairs enters the
room, pulls Davidixotn thence, and held the Queen in his arms, till in an out-
ward chamber the Favourite wasftabbed to death by the Earl of yW^r^owj- fer-
50 vants, who were there waiting on their Lord purpofely for this execution, at
which many were offended, becaufe the execution was not done publikely
by the Hang-man,as a fit fpeftacle for the people.
Upon this murthcr, a great tumalt afofe in the Court : the Earls o^ Huntley^
At hoi and Eothrvell, being at fupper in the Other fide of the Palace, as they were
upon the noife going out of the chamber,are by a guard kept in : PatrickRitven
a great aftor in this tragedy, comes into the Queens chamber, and advifeth her
to be more careftillofher Nobility and Lawes, Without which fhe ought not
to aft any thing , and not to rely too much on ftrangers , who are altogether
for their own ends , and which the Nobility cannot brook. In the interim,
40 upon the fame of this murther, the Citizens take arms and come in great mul-
titudes to the Court, to whom the King fpoke out of a window, defiring them
to return peaceably home, that he and the Queen were fafe, that nothing was
afted but what he had commanded, and which he would at another timeac-^
quaint them with : fo they departed peaceably, except Ji few that were left
to watch. The banifhed Lords return , and are ready toanfwer their accufers,'
but none appeared againft them. The Queen in the night-time efcapesouC
at a back-door, where Seton with two hundred horfe was ready to receive her,
who firft conveyed her to his own houfe, and thence to D««?/>^r5 there having'
raifed fufficient ftrength , ftie perfecutes all thofe that had a hand in the death'
^o^y^David^ fome with baniflhrnent, fome with fines, and fbme with death , fhe
caufeth Davids body to be transferred from before the Church-door where
he was buried, into fhe next Kings tombe, which occafioned great obloquies
among the people. Not long after fhe betakes her felf to £^/«Z>«r^^-Caftle,' .
where fhe is brought to bed of a Son, called "^ames the fixth. 1^6 6.
jf^;;/e/ A/c/w« is fcnt to queen Elizabeth tofignifie the birth of tl^is young
Prince, who prefently fends Henrj Killegrevp to congratulate with her for her
Eeee 3 Mc
6zo The Second ^^art of the Book VI.
jin.chrjjii. fafe deUverancCj and to wifti her not to favour any more shan-0-Neal the Irifh
•^'^^"V*^'^^ rebel, nor to entertain the Englifh fugitives, and to punifh the theevifli borde-
rers. Not long after, the Earl of Bt'^/^r^/ is fent from ^een Elizabeth ^ being
Godmother, with a Font ofinaffie gold for a gift 3 and commanded that nei-
ther he nor any of his followers, ftiouldcall the Lord Darly by the name of
king : after the ceremony was finifhed , Yycdford dealt with queen Mary about
compofing the differences between her and her husband^ and ratifying the
treaty at E<^7»/'Kr^/) : this laft fhe refufed to doe, as being derogatory to her
and her fons right unto the crown of England-^ yet fhe promifeth to fend Com- •
miflioners to queen E/zz^/'e^/) about this Treaty 5 and that fhe will forbear to >0
ufe the Arms and Titles of Englattd,whi\e{\ queen Elizabeth lived : But before
ihefe Commifsioners were fent , about a moneth or two after the Prince was
J H ^ ^ Chriflened , Darly the ^leens husband is in the dead of the night villanouf^
' ' ly ftrangled in his bed, and cafl: into a garden , fo was his fcrvant that atten-
ded on him in his chamber,and then the houfe is blown up with Gun-powderj
a rumor is fpread that this was done by Morton^ Murry^ and their confederals,
who laid it from themfelves upon the ^leen.
pothroel being now reconciled to Murry^ was the man who was employed to
murther the king, in hope he might obtain the Queens marriage after : Mnrry
gocth home fifteen houres before the murther , to avoid fufpition 5 afterward ^^
hewiththeconfpiratorsperfwadesherto marry Btf^/iire/, purpofely to over-
throw her. Lenox the kings father accufeth Bothwel of the regicide , who is
comm.anded to bring in his accufations before the Parliament, within twenty
dayes, which he duril not doe, having fo many enemies in the City , and Both-
2ye//fobackt with friends 5 {oBothwell is acquitted, Morton maintaining his
caufe^ and moft of the Lords under their hands and feals gave their confents tO
the marriage 5 Upon this he is created Duke of Or ^w^jand a fufpition is raifed
that the Queen was confenting to her husbands death : wherefore the Con-
fpirators intend to kill BoihvpclzTad depofe the Queen :;, Murry to avoid all fuf-
pition goeth into France. Immediatly after, thefe men that perfwaded the mar- 30
riage, raife arms againft Bothwel, willing him fecretly to be gone , lefl: being ta-
ken, he difcover the plot f, and withall, that they might lay hold of his flight,
as an argument to accufe the Queen of killing the King ■-, but when they took
her, they ufed her contumelioufJy, putting an old cloak on her, they thrufl:
her in prifon at Lochlevyn^ under the cuftody oiMurry's mother,king James the
fifths Concubine, boafting that fhe was king James his lawfull wife ; which in-
folencies were highly refented by queen Ehzabeth : Therefore fhe fends "Ihrog-
iiiorton into Scotland jio expoftulate with the Confpirators for their infolencies
againft their Qiieen 5 fhe defires her reflauration and juflice on the Regicides,
and that the young king be fent rather into England then into France for his 4^
fecurity.
But fo much was queen Mary hated , that neither the Englifh nor French
Ambafladourscouldhaveacceffetoher; fome would have her reftored , and
hothrvel divorced 5 others will have her banifhed , others again defire fhe may
bepublikely arraigned and imprifoned 5 but Knox and his fellow-Minifters
will have her deprived of life and kingdome , by a publike execution 5 at laft
by threatning her with death, for tyranny,incontinency , and violation of the
laws 3 they forced her to put her hand to the Letters-pattents which fhe never
read , wherein fhe refignes her realm to her fon , now thirteen moneths old ,
makes Murry Regent, during the Kings minority, and if he refufed, then 5®
ja^ies Duke of Chajklroy, M<j^/»erp Earl of Le«(?x, with Argilc^Morton^Glencarn^
and Marre. Five dales after this refignation, James her fon was annointed, and
crowned King , the Coronation Oath in his name was taken by the Earls of
71 torton and Himie^ That he will maintain the Laws and Religion , as it is now
eflablifhed.
CHAP.
Chap. 34. Hifiory of the florid, 611
Jn.rhrifii.
Chap. XXXIV.
A continuatJon of the Scots Hifiorji ivnder King James the 6. from the year
1 $67. till I 60 2.
WHen Queen A^arj and Bothwcl perceived that an A rmy was raifed to
apprehend themjthey make an efcape in difguifed habits to Ditmhari^
in the interim the confpirators repair to Edinburgh^ where Hamilton^
jQ Huntley^ and other Lords of the Queens fide were 5 thefe are driven into the
Caftle, being let in by 5^//i^«r the Captain, the City prefently fubmitstothe
confpirators^ a great number of all forts flock to the ^een, who having now
madeupafufficient Army, marcheth prefently towards Lath--^ the fuddea
news whereof awakes £(5/z«/'«r^^ , all the inhabitants are in Arms and in the
fieldby break of day : As the two Armies were ready to joyn battel , Crocut
the French Ambaflador endeavours to make attonement, by (hewing them the
uncertainty and danger of a battel, and the^ieens willingnefle to give A
general pardon , and her pr open fity to peace : to whom Morton anfweredj
ThathctookArmsnotagainftthe^een J but the murtherers of the King,
20 whom if ihe will either punifh, or put from her, they will lay dowri Arms and
fubmit to her 5 Neither are we come (^ faith he)to defire,but to grant a pardon:
So upon this refolute anfwer, Crocus takes his leave and returns to Edinburghi
Bothweho end the controverfie,challengeth any one of the confpirators Army
to fight with him , three after each other prcfent themfelves , but the ^een
would not give way : the Lords that were with her, finding the unwilling-
neffe of the common-fouldier to fight in this quarrel, defire the ^een td
forbear fighting till fome other time , whereupon Bothwel perceiving his own
danger, elcapes to Dumbar in great hafte and fear.
The ^een underflanding that Huntley , and Archbifhop Hamilton were
30 comming with fome forces, (he defires of the Army leave to meet them , pro-
mifing to return, but this is denied, divers of her fouldiers railing againft her,
and holding out one of their colours , in which was painted King Henry lying
dead, and his infant-fon by him praying to God for vengeance on the pari-
cides^ at which fight the ^een fwouned, who towards the evening was
brought to Edtnbur^ in great conteinpt,theftreets being filled with people to
fee her. That Banner we fpake of, was the next day prefented again to her as
Cie looked out at a window, complaining of her wrongs •-, the day after fhe is
fent prifoner to Loch-Leven : Bothwel finding no fecurity for hiirfelf, nor help
for the Queen, flyes into the Or^^^s^ej, thence into Shetland, andatlafl: turns
^o Pyrat. The Queen as we have faid , is forced to refign her Crown , and
Murrey being lately returned from France^^ is by the confpiring Lords made
Regent;
Shortly after the Infant-King was crowned , a Parliament is fummoned^
where it was ordered that a fleet (hould be fent to catch Bothwelj who did
much hurt in the Northern-feas , but though fome of his fellow- pyrats were
taken, yet he efcaped into Denma.rk_^ where being known by fome Merchants^
is laid in irons, fo he continued in much mifery for ten years, and then falling
' mad, died. Not long after this, an Ambaflador comes from France i^ ftiewing
that his Commiflion was to fpeak with the Queen, or elfe to return infl:antly5.
50 the Regent told him, that it was not in his power to help him to the fpeech of
the Queen without their confent that imprifoned her , but to gratifie hitn, he
promifethto call the Lords together for thatpurpofe^ in the interim the
Queen having bribed a boat-man is conveyed over the lake, they in the Caftle
made hafte to follow her, bnt could not , for all the boats were drawn on the
dry ground, and bored through with many holes ^ the ^leen had horfes laid
for her, and fo gets to Hamilton a fmali Town eight miles from Glafcorv, where
ftie
6iL "The Second Tan of the Book* VI,
>^».cAr/7?/.fhe is guarded with five hundred horfe , and a great many more flock to her
>'<'>/->^ from all parts : the French Ambaflador goeth to and fro, pretendinga paci-
fication 3 but indeed he encourageth the Queen to fight, who was now 6500
ftrong, whereas the Regent was fcarce 4000. A battel is fought, wherein the
Queens horfe had the better a while , till they were fo galled by the Regents
archers, that they were forced to fiie to the Queen, who about a mile otf be-
held the fight 5 (he with her horfe flie towards England. The Regent appoints
a Parliament, which the Queens party do what they can to hinder, queen Eli-
zabeth alfo fends letters to him for that end, that he fliould not be too hafty in
determining any thing againft the Queens party, whom (he would not fufFer 10
to receive wrong from her fubjedts.
The Regent, notwithrtanding thofe letters, calls a Parliament, in which it
was queftioned, Whether all they that affiiled the Queen (hould not be con-
demned of treafon, and their eftates confifcated ? At laft it was refolved, that
fome fhould be puniOied for example fake. Shortly after the Regent raifeth
an Army, and fubdueth thofe parts that flood out for the queen : but qneen
Elizabeths letters put fome flay to his proceedings 5 for fhe was informed by
the banifhed Lords, that queen Marji was extremely wronged by her lubjedts,
and the Majefly of Princes flighted, if this power ftiould be tolerated in people
to depofe their Princes ; therefore ftie defires Commifiioners may be fentto^o
inform her truly of his proceedings,and to cleer himfelf of the crimes objefted.
againft him. Thisfeemed harfh to the Regent, that things already decided
fhould be again queftioned^ yet knowing that if queen Elizabeth ihould fall
ofFfromhim,heftould beexpofedto inevitable danger , hxv'mg Lorrain the
queens uncle, who ruled the Court of /-r^wre, againft him, and divers of the
Scotiih Nobility, therefore he appoints certain CommiiTioners to go, but per-
ceiving them unwilling, he goeth himfelf with two Lords, oneBiflhop, one
Abbot, two Lawyers, and George Buchanajj^ he takes alfo with him Wdliara
Met land, fearing to leave fo publike a man,and fo well-afi^eded to queen Maty
behind him ^ his whole train was but an hundred horfe. At Tork, he is met by 50
theDukeoi Norfolk, Cwho was thought to marry with queen Marji) the Earl
oiSii/jex^and Sh Ralph Sadler :, A few dayes afterjqueen Manes Commifiioners
came to Complain againft the Regents proceedings, who excufeth himfelf that
headed nothing but by confent of Parliament ; queen Elizabeth fends for
two of the Regents fide, to be fully inftrufted in the particulars , AtetUnd and
MacgiUzrc fent •-, and at Inft the Regent is defired to com.e to the Court, that
the queen might know what he could fay for himfelf, or againft queen Mary.
In this mean while rumours are fpread abroad in Scotland, that the Regent
went about to betray the kingdom and the young king to the Englifh, where-
upon great commotions anddiftempers began to break out , the Regent 1040
prevent them was willing to be gone , and fo was queen Elizabeth to gain the
more time for queen Mary , therefore ftie advifeth him to leave one of his
friends behind, that might anfwer to any crime that might be objefted againft
him. But Hamilton now being returned from France^ is fet on by the banifhed
queens fide to ftand for the Regencie, asbeingfoneer in blood to the young
King; but his fuit is denied him, becaufeby many inftances it was proved,
that there is lefs danger for a young Prince to be under the tuition of ftrangers
ttien of a neer kinfman who aimeth at the Crown , as may be feen in king
Richard-^, oi England his cruelty to his brothers fons : Therefore Ham/ltor* is
detained in England, till the young Kings CommifiTioners were firft gone, left 5^0
new troubles might be raifed. But becaufe rumours were fpread of divers
plots to kill the Regent in his journy homeward, queen Elizabeth ^i\es order
that all the fufpefted wayes through which he was to travel ftiould be ftrong-
ly guarded.
The Regent being returned fafely into Edinburgh, a great meeting enfued
of the Kings Lords at Sterlm , who ratified all that was concluded and agreed
upon
Chai*.34- Hijiory of tht tTorld. 6zj
upon with tht EngUjh bft; Hamihoh alfo being returned is forced to (ubinit to An.Chrifli'
the Rings fide, for he found that help came not to him as he expcfted, and \JrSr>i
that the Regent had an Army in readinefs^ but when he uhderftood that,
queen M^ry had more hbertyih England then before, and that (he was to
marry with the Duke oiNorfdlk.^ he began to fall off again from tlieconfpi-
ring Lords ^ wherefore he is feht With Maxml to Eclinbutgh-Cz.{i\e. Argile is
questioned for comming to Clafcow with fifteen hundred men, purpofelyto
raife the Country for the ^eenwMilft the Regent was abfent 5 but he upon
his fubmiffion , and taking the oath of allegiance is pardoned. Huniley alfo is
IQ accufed in raifing forces for the Queen, and in opprefling of divers families,
andhelikcwifeis ^bfolved, butwithall is enjbyried to make rcftitutioh to
thoie whom he had wronged.
Afterthis the Regent makes a journey into Merden^ Elgin and Innerhejfe^
for fetling of thefe places and the Ndtthern Countries 5 thence returning in-
to Pfr^^, he receives letters frbril the ^een of England which he imparts to
the Nobility being furtimoned thither ; the contents of thefe letters were^
That either ^een il/iry fliOuld bCreftored to her former dignities, orelfc
that (he may be colleague with bier (bii in the governmeht 5 bi" if neither of
thefe could be obtained, that (he liiay live jirivately at home, add be made
20 capable of fuch honours as might not be derogatory to the young King 5 this
la(l claufe was aflented to , but they would not yeeld that the Kings power
Diould be any wayes impaired. Then were read j^ieen Maries letters, wherein
(he defires that if her marriage with ^o/^Awe/ be unlawful, (he might be di-
vorced : At .this the Confpirators were offended, in that (he ftiled her felf
^cen, and wrote to them as fubjeds , therefore; they thought her letters not
fit to be anfwered, (hewing that her be(t way to diffolve the marriage, were to
fend to the Kirg of Denmark, to do ju(tice on Bothwd as the murtherer of her
husband, and fo he being dead, (he might marry with whom (he pleafed. Then
an Agent is fent to ^een Elizabeth , with the Regents anfwer to her letters,
•0 with which (he was not fatisfied , but diefires further fatiifadion , upon this
retcarnehkutio acquaint her, that for divers reafons they could not admit
^een A/rfry into any (hare of the government , fearing that (he who, Was fo
unnatural to her husband, would not be too kindt to her (on, having obtained
her Crown and d igh ity from her.
Mean while a plot is deteded \h England^ that ®ueen M»r;' and Norfolk 1569.
were fuddenly to marry, and that they (night obtain both Kingdprhes without
oppofition, ^een Elizabeth and King jfxwe/ were to be murthered at one
time ^ hereupon Norfolk^ is fent to the Tower , and ^een Man is appointed
to be fent home to the Regent by fea^ but this refolution is altered : About
io the fame time Metlandznd Balfour Captain of £^i»/»Krg^-Ca(lle,are Convented
before the Lords for holding correfpondencie with ^leen Marji^ but both are
pardoned , onely Metlandh confined to a private hou(e iri Edinburgh , whoni
Kircady the Captain of that Caftle got into his cuftodyj by feigning the Re-
gents letters, as if he h^d written to Kircady to take Met land into his cufirqdyj
at which the Lords were angry, the Regent fends for Kirctdy;wh() rcfufeth to
corner hence it was conceived that he fided with the Queen, who was now
faid to be comming with Norfolk^ out of England-^ but it was otherwayes , for
he is fent to the Tower, and (he is confined ; the Regent notwithftanding
hisrepulfe, goethupriext day into the Ca(tle, airid having conferred witfi
^o Kircady ^comes away thence well-pleafed, and marcheth towards the borders
tofuppred'e the Rebels there, which he did to the great contetit of Queeri
Eli'z.abefh^ who alfo thanked hlmi for apprehending Northitmbeirland^ whol
f!cd th ithcr out of England^ whom the Regent imprifoned iii Loch-Lcvi/i.
Queen /l/'tw/faftion perceiving the Regents power to iricreife daily, by
thecnrrefpondencie he held with Queen Elizabeth^ and finding that no good
could be done fo long as he lived, they combine td kill him, therefore one day
as
(5i4 ^/^^ Second Tan of the B
OOK
An.Chrijii. as he rode through the ftrects of Lithgo, he was (hot by one HaffiiUon out of ,:>
>'-'^^^'V=>S^ private place through the body a little beneath the navil^ finding himfelf hurif
he lights from his horfe, and is carried to his lodging, where he died (hortly
after^ Hamilton efcapes into France : upon the death of Murrey great diforder^
arofe, Mc//^W and other prifoners are let out of the Caftle; great debating
157 1' there was who ihould be Regent , and by what power he ftiould be chofeij.
Car and Scot with foine forces they had raifed , invade the borders of England
with fire and fword : Queen Elizabeth fends Handolph to coin plain, and to de-*
fire the Lords to unite themfclves to choofe a R.egcnt , and to fettle the King^
dome, that jufticemaybedoneon thofewho had invaded her borders; but ^9
when no redrelVe could be had, (he fends an Army under the Earl of Sitjjex to
aflift the Kings fide againft the other faftion who fi:oodout for the .^een,
thefe underflandingthat the Army was upon their march, write letters to the
^c^noi En gland tohQ conveyed by the Earl of Sitffex , who is defiicd by
queen Maries fide ^ not to march further till hefliould receive the ^leens an-
fwer 5 but he fufpedting that thefe were delatory letters to gain time, and his
charge being to make hafte, openeththem, wherein he findes nothing but
brags and threatnings, therefore he marcheth on.
When the queens fadion heard that the Englifi Army was on the borders,
they remove prefently from Edinburgh to Limnnchum , where the Earls of^"^
Unvtle'i^ Aran and Argik call a Parliament; the K,ings faction fends to the queen
of Efiglandto have her affifi:ance in naming of a Regent, (hewing they lliould,
be ready to imbrace him whom (he will noinipate 5 in the interim the Engl/JJ}
Army fall with fire and fword upon the Cars and 5^^^/ Territories who had
lately invaded England : K«///c-Ca{tle withmuch wealth in it, is furrendred
to Sujjex^ upon hope that he had been of NorfolXf faftion. The Lord Scritpe
on the other fide enters An an del , and fppils the lands of the jtfAwy?<?«/, who
had alfo invaded England. The Hamilton s upon the report of the Eaghfj
Armyhaftento Glafcow to pi|!l down the Archbifijops Cafile, fearing left.
Lenox returning from Englandihould make it the feat of the war^ they befiege 50
theCaftletonoend, for it heldoLjt folong, that upon the conimingof the
En^hJI) Army to Edinburgh they rife from the fiege, and haften away ; Huntley
goethheme, Ha^iiUon and Argde into ArgilcsCo\int\y^ the EnghJJj twodayes
after come to G//i/t(7ir, and fpoil all the lands belcnging tothe Himiltons^ or
thofe who had a hand in the Regcpts deathj or who had received any EngUJI)
fugitives; they fet on fire the HaMiltons Palace, with the Town,ap,d beat down
apaitof tbeCaftle, fotlre Engl/JJnet^ri^ ^o Bj^vf/ck. , and the -Si'<?^/v/ ho aided
them to their homes.
In the interim Eetcarne returns from the Qpeen of fnglAfid^ who wonders
that after four moneths they (liould npw a -quaint; her with their bufinefle; (he 40
tells them that the Ambnfla^ors. of Spain and France had importuned her to
hear the complaints of Queen J^Urjy which (he had pjcomifed to do , if in the
mean while queen /J/./ry will give order that her fide will foibearall afts of
hpAihtys and fuffer things to remain as they were in the Regents time; but
(he wiU have no h.ind in choofing them a nev? Pv^gent , left fhe fhould feem to
wrong queen i1/^?7 , hqrcaufc being not yet heard; btit withallflie vvifiieth
them to forbear a while the nami.ng of a new Regent : At this the Kings fide
v^as troubled , fearing left by this delay the Queens faftion would gather
ftrenpth, therefore they refolve to choofe an Inter-Rex, or Vice-Roy for
awhile, till Queen Elizabeths bufinefiTeat homebefetled , who was troubled 50.
about the Popes Bull againft her, in procuring of which (foit was given out)
thequeenof 5rfl^-fhadahand : Then they name for their Wicexoy Matthevp
Ea'-l of Lenox the young Kings Grandf^her; meanwhile Queen Elizabeth
writes that (lie will not name any Pv.e^ent for them , but (he thinks none (itter
for that place then Lenox , as being neareft and deareft to the young King ; fo
he is prefently of a Viceroy uiAdePvegent.
' ■ ■■■ ■ '■' "• ■ ' He
Chap. 34. Hiftory of the IForld, 6i%
He having taken his bath , gives order for raifing of an Army to hinder the Arr.chrJjiK
Parliament appointed by the Queens fiftion , and withall futnmons a Parlia^ v-i''~V^N>
inent in the l(ir.gs name to be held in Edifihurgh : then he fendb to the Gover-
nour of irdmhitrgh-CA^Xt^ for fome Eraffe-guns and other warlike neceliaries 5
at firfl he promiied, but afterward denied, fhewing he was for peace^not war j
notwithltanding the Regent with five thoufand goeth to Linnmch, where
hearing of fome forces oi' Ercchm placed there by Himtlcy, who was railing an
Army in the north, to hinder his defign fends a party to Brechhr^ at the news
of whofe approach Oglebj and Balfour fled, leaving a garrifon,who maintained
the Church-Tower and the Counteffe of Mars Caftle a while againfl the Re-
gents forces, but at length yielded, aq,d thirty of them were hanged : HuntLy
finding that fupplies came not as he expefted , removes farther norths the
Regent returns him to Fdi?ihurgh to the Parliament, where nothing was afted
a-gainft the murtherers of the Regent, becaufe ^. A/^r/e/ caufe was not yet
heard. In the interim the Queens fide follicite the Pope, Spain^ and trance^
to fend forces into FngLmd for refroring ofgKAiarji. Montgomery Earle of Eg-
Iwton with fome others fubmit to the Regent, who had lately hurt himrelf by
a fall from his horfe. An attempt is made upon DHfil>ntton-Ca(\\e, which with
much difFculty at laft they took by fcaling-ladders^ f/e«//«g the Captain e-
2Q fcapcd into v4j*^^//l- -, but Hamilton the ArchbifhopofS.^wts/ren'J", with fome o-
ther prime men, and the French Agent who lay there as a Spy, are appre- . --2
hendcd, TheRegent hearing that the Caftle was taken, in great joy hafleneth ^'
thither, where he reftores to tlemings wife her plate and houftiold-ftufFe ^ and
wondring at the courage of the fouldiers who could venture to fcale fuch an
inaccefuble Rock, commends them highly. The French Agent is accufed
for robbing foine Merchants, wherefore he is fent to S. Andrews to anfwer to
their fiiit, but he efcaped from thence. There was alfo an Englifh-man taken
and fent home, who afterward was found to have been fent by the Norfoll^ians
purpofely to poyfon the young King. The Archbifhop being found guilty
5c both of the Kings death and Regents, was hanged at Sterlin --^ his chief accufer
was a Priefl , to whom one 'John Hamilton a principal aftor in the Kings death
had confefibd the whole murther fecretly.
M<?r/<7« being returned from his Englifh embaffie, gavean account thereof
before the Lords at Sterlin--^ How they had exhibited in writing to ^Elizabeth
the reafons that moved them to depofe ^ Mary^ alleadging divers precedents
out of ancient and modern hiflories, of the like depofition of Princes by theii^
people 5 but yet the Queen was not fully fatisfied of the legality ofthisfafl-^
therefore fhe defires there may be art expedient found out for compofing the
diflerences betwixt her and her fubjeds 5 it was anfwered by the Commiffion-
4p cr?, that they had no commilTion to treat about any expedient, nor could they
confent to the diminifhing of their Kings power, nor if they did confentj
would the Scots Nobility allow it •-, upon this the Queen checkt them for
being fo ftiffe in their refolutions,in not harkeningto an accommodation,and
withall fhe defires them to confer again with her Commiffioners, with wh->ni
they had conference the other day ^ tothisthey condifcended , butthiscon-
ference took no effeft , wherefore the Queen wifheth that in the next Scotifh
Parliament the matter may be difcuffed 3 but (he would hot permit the Scots
to depart home, untill theBifiiopof Rojje who was one of Queen Mirier A-
i chtSj had received anfwer from his Queen of thefe paflages^ at laft her
r(~ unfwer came, wherein fhe complaines of the hard meafure offered to her
by her fubjeds ^ therefore Queen Eli-Labcth wifheth them to {hew their
duty to their Prince, upon her true repentance^ and fo Qie difmiffeth
theni. . .
The Commiftioners having fini(hed their relation, a Parliament is appoint-
ed to be held at Edinburgh ••, but becaufe the Queens party were maflers of the
Towni they refolve to fit in the fuburbs :, in the interim it is proclaiined at
Ffff leitK
6i6 The Second ^artofthe Book. VI.
Jn.Chrifli Leith^ thnt no provifions or arms either by fea or land be brought to Ecliiiburgh
^'<'\'^*J upon pain of treafon 5 the Herald was accompanied with about an hundred
horfe and foot, on whom fome Citizens fallied out as they were returning
home neer the walls, but were beat in again. Whilft the Parliament fate with-
out the Town, they within call a Parliament of their own; theCaftlein the
interim plaid with their Ordnance upon the Kings Parliament , but no hurt
was done. When both the Aflemblies were difmifled5two hundred and twenty
musketicrs, and a hundred horfe, with two field-peeces, are fent out cfEdw-
burgh againfl: Dalketh, where the Earl Mortons houfe was, who heating of this
prefcntly arms two hundied foot and fixty horfe ; askirmifh followed, in iq
which the Queens men were put to run , which the City-garrifon perceiving
fends cut prefently frtfti forces, who put Alert ons ri^en to fiie , fome were Cain
and taken on both fides, fome alfo of the Queens party were killed by a barrel
of gunpowder accidentally having taken fire. Some bickering alfo there was
between the twofaftions about a company of Scots fouldiers lately an ived
ont o( Denmark') thefe intended all toiervetheKing, but fix and twenty of
/ ithem were intercepted at Leith by the Queen* party,and carried to Echnburgh-
Caftle.
When Orwr;' the Engli(h Agent, who had been mediating for peace, to no
■purpofe, was upon going away , a skirmith fell out between the two fafrions, 20
in which the Qi^ieens party was worfted by /.^r/tfwj^ forces, who killed fifty of
the enemy, and took a hundred and fifty prifoners ; almoft there were daily
skirmifhes : the Regent kept Leith to intercept all provifions by fea from the
Edinburgers; land-provifions could not be cut off, being fo many wayesto
bring it : A French vefTel laden with arms, in which alfo good ftore of mony
is found, was taken •-, the mony paid the fouldiers , and the arms were carried
to Sterlin ; fhortly after another French fhip was taken with letters from the
French, promifing fpeedy aid to the Queens party. The Regent being gone to
Sterlin, the Edinburgcrs with all their forces march out into the field, to draw
the Kings party out ofLe///)-, who fallyingoutfurioufly, drove their enemies 30
back to E<^7wW^/>,of whom they killed and took divers.
After this, theQiieens party with two hundred horfe and three hundred
foot march out o( Edinburgh towards 5M-/;», by theway ihey prefleall the
horfes they found, then betimes in the morning they enter the Town without
refiftance, all being fecure and aOeep, they befet the Loidb Icdgingswith
armed men, A/orton< houfe they fet on fire, and hmfelf having cfcapcd the fire
they took prifoner, the Regent is alfo takeujthe Earls of 6/f;;f<jrw and EgUnton
are fecured : ^j-cj;^/;; Captain of the Caftle fends fome companies of muf-
ketiers to feife upon his own houfe, not then quite finifted, which looked full
upon the market-place polltfled by the enemy , who being fore galled by the 40
musketiers fled confufedly to the gates, in the narrow ftreets (making more
haftethen good fpecd) many ofthtm are trampled upon:, the Regents life
was faved a while by David Spcnce , who to keep offthe blows received them
himfelf, and died the fame day of his wounds, twoof thofe that killed him
Were put to death , theother prifoners in the flight efcaped , andtheRegent
himfelf alfo died of his wounds that day. Three Regents are named till the
next Parliament, to wit, Argilc, Ja»/cs DougUjJe Earle of Tl/^r/ow, and Jreskifi-
Earle oi Mar--, He by all the fuflfrages is preferred to the reft, who refolves
to befiege Edinburgh, but it was fo ftrengthened that he could do no good that
way :, after this for divers moneths there were many excurfions and skirmifhes jq
and divers flain on both fides.
About this time the North was much troubled by the falling out of two
great families, the Cordons and xhcForhefes -^ thefe were for the young King,
h\\tt\\e Cordons for the Queen: the quarrel grew to that height, that neer
Jberden a great battel was fought, in which the Cordons had the upper hand;
many other skirmifhes were between the two great factions, till Edinburgh
was
Cha p. 34. Hijtory of the World. 61-]
wasftridly befieged by the Regent, who pulled down all the Mills neer, and Jin.chnjii.
intercepted all the proviflon that came thither ^ and made garrifons of all the v-''''V~n^
Noblemens houfes round about : BlackneJJe is betrayed to Hamiltorr^ by which
means all navigation between Leitb and Sterim is hindred. Mean time the
King oi Spain fends from the Lovp-Conntries feven great peeces of Ordnance;
with powder and arms to hluntky Lieutenant of the North, for queen Alarjei
ufe , who fends the Lord Seaton to the Duke of Alba for his aid , and that he
would forbid the Scotilh rebels to trafEck there ■■, he anfwers, That he would
aid her with mony, but he could not hinder the Scots from trading, becaufe it
10 was contrary to the liberty of the Lorv-Conntrks.
The Bifhop o^RoJJe Agent for the Queen oiscots^\s committed into cuftody
of the Bifhop o£ London, becaufe he had fecretly kindled the Rebellion in the
North ; but being now delivered, deals with the French king, that he would
ufe means with queen Elizabeth for delivering of queen Jl^arj , which queen
Elizabeth would notaflentto, as being dangerous to her felf and kingdome,
feeing queen Marj afpired by all evil courfes ^faith fhe^unto the kingdome of
•England^ yet fhe urgeth a confirmation of the Treaty oi Edinburgh , which in
part was aflentcd to, fo far as concerned ^Elizabeths title, but the Scots could
not be induced to break their old league with France , except England would
30 allow them the fame privilcdges and benefits they have in France. The Bifliop
of K<^ is fearched for letters fent to him from the D.o£ Alba about ^Mary's
deliverance, and is fent away into the Ifle of E.lyi, fome mony alfo which
§l^\ary fent to her friends in Scotland is intercepted. Rpffe being found to have
often conference with ^Elizabeths enemies, is committed to the Towerjafter
it had been argued by the Lawyers p that an Ambaflador lofeth his priviledge :
who raifeth rebellion. The Regent i^/^r3having ruled 1 5 moneths,died»
To him in the Regencie fucceeded James Douglajfe EaVl oiMorton , who e- i 5 7 5^
nafted certain lawes againft Papiits and Hereticks': the cuftody of the King
is committed to Alexander Areskjn^ becaufe the Earl of Mar was under age, to
30 whom by peculiar right doth belong the cuftody of the king in his xninoriry 5
and it was ordered that none ftiould be admitted into the kings prefence but
fuch as were unarmed , that Papifts and they of the Qiieens fide fhould be ex-
cluded, that an Earl might come in with two men, a Baron with one,and other
men alone. Hamilton Duke ofchajielroy^znd Huntley^ are drawn by queen Eli-
zabeths means to fubmit to the king and his Regent, and to acknowledge the
religion eftabliftied , ftie fends alfo Sir William Drury with forces into Scotland^
tojoyn with the Scots in reducing of Edinburgh-C^iftie^ which was at laft fur-
rendred the 35. day of the fiege, Kircady the governour is hanged. The Biftiop
o^RoJfe is banifhed out o( England ^ who notwithftanding leaves not to foil i-
40 cite foraign Princes in queen Maries behalf, who all gave good words, but did
nothing. King Henry 3. of France, and his mother, labour what they can to get
young king James into France, fo did queen Mary^ hoping thereby the Catho-
likes would be more mildly dealt with here. ^Mrfrj is blamed alfo for con-
triving a marriage between Charles uncle to the Scots king, and Elizabeth Can^
drjf] daughter to the Counteffe of Shrewsbury. The Duke ofchajielroy and the
Earl ofArran^ who were ^Maries faithful friends, died this year. Don John
o^AuJlria intends to marry with the queen of Scots^ therefore deals with the
Pope about the expulfion of ^Elizabeth,znd follicites the king of Spain to in-
vade England. Morton the Regent is removed from his regencie, and the go-
50 vernment is delivered to the king being now twelve years old, and to twelve
Noblemen, of whom three every three moneths fliould be prefent with the
king to ad vife him, of thefe Morton was one 5 but he loth to leave his greatnes,
drew all the power to himfelf , and kept in his hand the king within the caftle
ofsterlin, wherewith the other Lords were angry, who made the Earl of At hoi
their Captain,and raifed an Army, whereupon Morton yielded and went home
fecretly, and Athol died incontinently, not without fufpition of poyfon.
F f f f 2 Efmeus
6i8 'The Second Tart of the Book. V I.
An.Chrijii. Efmeffs Stuart, (on o(John brother to Matthew Earl o^ Lenox the Kings grand-
'"*'~'"^''-'**' father,and called Aubigncyo^x Town in Btn-^, which wasbeftowed upon john
I 5 7 9- Stuart by king Charles 7. for defeating the Englidi at Vaugy , is now come into
Scatlandto fee his Couiih, who made him a Privy -Councellor, Lord Chamber-
lain oi Scotland^ Captain of Dunbritton, Earl of Lenox^ and after Duke, which
procured fome envy on the King as a favourer of the Guifes and Roman reli-
gion '1 therefore the Minifters and fome envious Lords raifed one 'james Stuart
' 5 ° o. of the family of Ochiltree^ Captain of the Guard and Earl oi Arrait^ to affront
him ■■) but the King in (hort time reconciled chem : Then thty accuk him to
c\\xQtn Eli-z^abeth, asonefent by the G«/7ej- againftthe Proteftants, to free the lO
Queen, and to diflblve the amity between Fjtglandavxd Scotland-^ but he deer-
ed all objeftions, and fhewed himfelf a Proteftant : It was alfo feared, that by
Dunbritton h? would either let in the French , or tranfport the King into
France-^ and that he perfwaded the King torefign to his Mother the Crovi^n,
and take it again by a lawfull refignation : Hereupon Robert Bowes is fent to
challenge Lenox before the King and his Councel^ but before hiscaufe was
heard or known, he would have him removed from the Councel , which was
denied as a thing not heard of s, withall they defire him to fliew his Inftrudi-
ens, which he deniedjand fo being unheard was called home.
Upon this, Alexander Hume is fent to queen Fliz,abeth , who admitted him 2°
not, but fends him to Burleigh) who complained that the Qiieens Ambaflador
was flighted, and the Kings French coufin,a Papift, and who perhaps aimed at
the Crown, was preferred to the Queen of England : fo Hume is fent back,with
a caveat to the King to beware of the French plots and faftion. In the interim
I 5 8 I. Morton is accufedby Arran oftreafon, and imprifoned, though a great friend
{ot England:, therefore Sir ihomasE^tndolphis fent into 5ct/^/^«Jtoconferve
amity with F»_g/^«(rf , to defend Morton from wrong, and to remove Le«tfx,
He told both the King and his Councel, what queen Elizabeth had done in
freeing Scotlandfrom the French, in defending their King and [veligion,with-
out taking a foot ofScotifh ground ^ that now Lenox hath diverted the Kings 3^
mind from her to the French^ flighteth the Minifters, and puts out the Kings
beft officers. The King told him, that he acknowledgeth theQiieens good
willjbutthat Lenox was wronged ■■, thnt in juftice he muft bring to trial a man
acCufed of treafon. Then Randolph ftrives to ftir up Argile and fome other
Lords, to effeft by arms what they could not do otherwayes , fhewing that
Englilhforces were ready on the borders to joyn with them; but this took
not effeft with thefe Lords. Angus :ind yI/,/rdevifed plots for Morton againft
Lenox ^ but the King banifheth Angm beyond the river oispey, and the Caftle
of^/t'/7/?/ istakenfiom M^r, K^^t^/^?//)/) fearing danger to himfelf, got away
fecretly by fea to Barrack 5 the En gl ifh forces are called back from the borders, 4^^
P ^ and Morten, as privy to the murther of the kings father, is beheaded , Angus
" with others who ftood in his deftnce^fled into hnglund.
Wtlliavi Ruthen, lately made Earl oi Gorcry, withMrfr, t/W/rr and others,
in the abfence of Lcwox and Arran, invite the king into the Caftle of i^w/^Ae//,
where they detain him violcntly,and put away his beft fervants, they imprifon
Arran, and call back Angus, and fend away Lenox into France 5 they force the
King to approve this his furprifc,by his letters to queen Elizabeth ; the French
Kin^ hearing of this, fends two Ambafladors to fct the Ring free, and to con-
hrm the French fliftion : queen Mary in the mean while in her letters to queen
Elizabeth bewaileth the hard condition and miferies of her fon now detained 50
as a prifcner by Rebels, who had been the caufeof all her miferies, and withall
Llamcth queen Elizabeth for countenancing and fupporting fuch, ihewing her
needleffe jealoufies and fears, andhowfiie hadperiwadedhertorefigneher
kingdome, and had denied her ciiTiftancewhen fhe had efcapcdout of L^aO-
Icvm, when fhe fent back the Diamond which (he had received from queen
Elizabeth as a pledge of her love, and how (he fuffered her Cwhen flie efcapcd
to
Chap. 34- Hiflory of the U'^orld. ^2^
to Kfj^hind for fliekcr as her Idft allured anchor ) to be intercepted and An.Chrifii.
guaided with keepers , and to be (hut up in ftrong places till now j, llieclears w~V~W
her ftlf nlfoof any combination with Norfolk^ prejudicial to queen Elizuhdh
upon vvhofe perfwalkMi Ihc had fuffered divers of her friends to be put to
dtAx\\\nStoddnd-^ therefore Ihcdefires that (he may have fome morcliberty
however fomcCathohckPrieft to direft her in Religion, a courtcfienot de-
nied to foreign Ambafladors 5 as for the fuggeflions of Be J about her tranf-
ferringher right of 5^<^i/rf«(:^toher fon, withoutquecn Elizabeths promife
(he dclires that he may not be credited, and fo concludes, wi(hing her to com- 1583;
j_ miferate a diftrefied queen, and her neareftcoufin.
Thefe letters much trouble Queen Elizabeth^ who fends BeaH Clerk of the
Councel to expoftulate with her for her complaining letters^ the Councel of
En^iland was content (he fliould be delivered, conditionally, That (he praftice
fiothing againft Queen Eiiz,abetk'-,Thn flie would difallow as unjuft what was
done by king fratrck her husband -^ That (he ckim no right to England during
the life of Queen Fl/zabeth ^ That (he procure the king and States of Scotland
toconfiiin rhefe, and give hoft^ges withall:, but the Scots of the Fngl.Jb
fadion rejected thefe propofals. About this time the E?rl of Lenox died, the
Ambafladors depait unfatis(ied , and the kingefcapeth from the government
2Q of the three Lords tcf the Caftle of S. Andrews , and openly declares chat thi*
his furpridil was trniterous, yet thebufie-headed Mini(lers m their Synod pro-
nounced the fame to be )\x(i , dartilig out Excommunications againft the dif-
approvers thereof.
G<5nv7 with fome others confpireto take the King again, pretending his
good, the fecurity of Religicn, and amity with England : but Gorvry is appre- '584.
bended and imprifoned:, his other conlpirators fuddenly furprife SterLn?^ and
as fuddenly quitted ir out of fear and want of fupplies from England. "jUarr^
Glamcs and Angm fied unto queen El/zabcih for her help and mediation with
the King; in the interim Gowiy is arraigned before his Peers at Sterling, for im-
-oprifoningthe King and confpiring againft him 5 for intending tofeifc upoa
Perth and Sterling^ for refifting the Kings authority at Dundee^ who being
found guilty was beheaded : queen Elizabeth makes (hew of a treaty with
queen Mary , if flie would mediate with her fon for the Scots fugitive Lords
anddctedthe plots of the Guifes: for the (irft queen M^ry was content to
mediate, if thefe Lords would fubmit and turn loyal ^ for thefecond (here-
fiifed till (he were fully allured of her liberty 5 for (he will not lofe certain
friends for uncertain hopes, therefore (he delires the fame ufage from her
which (he had from her (ifter queen M<w7 when (he was her prifoner, or the
King of Navarre from the French king ^ but this Treaty was put off, and came
.Q to nothing, upon difcovery of fome letters carried by Crithton the Jefuite, im-
porting the inyafion of England by the ?ofe , Spaniards and Guifes : then (he
fends Navui her Secretary with proffers of entertaining a ftrid league of
amity with queen Elizabeth , of renouncing all claim to England during her
life, of afting nothing againft her, or the rebellious Scofs^ and their Rehgionj
nor in her fons marriage without the privity of queen Elizabeth.
Put the Presbyterian Minifters, and their upholders, crofted all means of
pacification ■-, fo the Pulpit being advanced above the Throne , all went as the
Presbytery would have it, till this year they were curbed by fome whole-
fome 1 aws advancing the Kings power over them , and rcftraining Presbyte-
50 rial aftemblies , and abrogating equality of Minifters by reftoring the Ein^opsj
and condemning flanderous books againft the king and his mother 5 mean
while Queen Marji is taken from the cuftody of shrerpsbnry after fifteen years-
and is committed to Vanlet and Drury, purpofely to make her fall upon dcfpe-
ratc attempts:, ftrange whifpers went abroad about the depofition of queeri
Elizabdh , and the marriage of queen M^?^ w^ith fome Noble Engliflh Catho-
lick 5 but who this man (hould be could not be found out. About this time~
Henry
6 jo The Second Tart of the Book VI.
yin.ChrijiiMemy Percie E. of Northjwibcrlandbe'mg a prifoner in the Tower, and fufpeftcd
<^<:>^^-^<:>^ to have been a plotter againft Queen Elizabeth^ murthered himftlf , upon the
^ ^ 5' difcovery of Babbmgtotis treafon , Queen Maries clofet is broken open whilft
fhe was hunting abroad, and all her cabinets, desks and papers are fent to the
Courts all her money alfo was feizedon, divers letters of ftrangers were
found, and about fixty kinds of cyphers^ divers letters alfo of Etiglifi Lords
' 5 ° ^' offering their fervice to her, which the Queen difl'embled^ Qiieen Maries two
Secretaries were examined, and confefled that fhe knew of i><i/'/>i«^/<7«f plot,
wherefore Commiffioners are fent to Fodringhny-Qoi^iXc to examine Queen
y[ary^ and to pronounce fentence of death, if found guilty : when they came lO
they delivered her Queen Ehzabeths letters , which (he read with great and
Princely magnanimity, fhewingfhe wasa Queen, and not fubjeftto their
Laws , nor was fhe guilty of what fhe was accufed :, therefore refufeth to ap-
pear or anfwer as a criminal , or to admit that law lately made againft her , yet
upon perfwafions fhe appears, divers accufations were brought in againfl her,
of which (though (heftoutly defended herfelf ) yet fhe was found guilty.
Shortly after the Parliament petitioneth that fhe might be put to death,which
Q. Elizabeth feemingly refufed to confent to,as being a dangerous prefident.
Yet fhortly after Buckhnrji and Beal are fent to Queen Mary to acquaint her
with the fentence given againft her , and that therefore ftie fhould repent and ^O
prepare her felf^ upon this fhe anfwered, That fhe was exceedingly glad for
being accounted an inflrument of re-eflablifhing religion in this Ifland^ fo
file defircs a Catholick prieft , then flie writes a letter to Queen Elizabeth , de-
firing her body might be fent into Frjwre there to be laid by her mother, and
not'mto Scotland where violence hath been offered to theafhes of her An-
ceftors 3 that fo fhe may have reft after death, who could never enjoy any in
her life. Secondly , fhe defires to die publikely that (he might witnefle her
faith in Chrift, and her obedience to the Church. Thirdly, that her fervants
might peaceably depart, and enjoy the legacies fhe had beftowed on them.
Kmgjames being much afflicted about the fentence of death againft his 50
mother, fent divers Ambaffadors to Queen Elizabeth, (hewing how much he
was bound both in honour and nature to intercede for a Queen , and his
mother, how difhonourable and dangerous it might be to Queen Elizabeth to
flied the blood of a Queen fo near to her : but the Minifters of Scotland^ and
thereftof her enemies were fo earnefV and prevalent with queen Elizahethy
that the Kings letters could not prevail, nor the French kings Ambaffadors
which he alfo fent to this purpofe^ befides the^ieenwas affrighted daily
with rumors of the Spanilh fieet, of the Scots invafion , of the Guifes prepa-
rations, of domeflick rebellions, of plots to murther her, all to haften the
Scots queens death, therefore fhe delivers to Davifon her Secretary letters 40
figned with her hand, that a mandate fhould be made under the Great-feal for
her execution, and to be in readineffe if need fhould be. This mandate is pre-
fently conveyed to the 6>iieensCounfellors by him, and difpatched away to
.Shrewsbury ^ Kent, Derby and Cumberland^wh'ich four Earls came to her, willing
her to prepare , for fhe was to die the next day 5 fhe with a fctledminde an-
fwered 3 That death was welcome to her, and that her foul was not worthy of
eternal joy, whofe body cannot endure the Executioners blow, fhe defired the
fpeech of her Confcflbr which was denied her, yet fhe wrote to hhn that he
would pray for her ■-, that night fhe fupped, drunk to her fervants incouraging
them, fhe read over her lafr will, then went to bed, flept a while, and fpent the 5^
reft of that night in prayer.
The next day (he came in a Majeftick manner to the Scaffold , carrying the
Crucifix before her, where having profeffed her conffancie to the Roman reli-
p;ion, and taking leave of her friends and fervants, laid down her neck on the
block, repeating thefe words. Into thy hands, O Lord, I covimcndmy fph-it-^ and
(bat two blows her head was cutoff, her body was buried in reterburgh-
Church,
Chap. 3 4- Hifiory of the World. 6}i
Church, and her magnificent funeral kept at Park at the charges of the Giirfef, ^n.chrijii
fhe lived forty fix years, and was a captive eighteen : when Q^ Elizabeth heard •-/'"V^^
of her death (he was ready to fwound for grief,(he commands her Counfellor?,
to come no more into her prefence , and Davifon to be brought into the Star-
chamber, then fhe writes a letter toKingJ^wex, fhewing how without her
knowledge his inother was put to death^and how grievous it is to her^ withall
(he aflures him, none (hall be more affeftionated to him , nor fo careful of
him as her felf 5 mean while D^wyi'« is fharply reproved in the Star-chamber
for his forwardnefle , and fined ten thoufand pounds, and imprifonment at
IQ the Queens pleafure.
The King was fo difpleafed at the death of his mother, that he would not
fufFertheE«g///Z>Amba(radorto come into Scotland, and would hardly hear
him by another man, or receive his letters ■> he called home his own Ambafla-
dor outof England , and threatneth revenge ^ theEftates of Scotland proffer
to fpend their lives and eftates in this quarrel , fome perfwade hiin to require
a Navy of the King of Denmark^^ to whofe daughter he began to be a Suitor^
fome would have him joyn with Spain and 'France^ and the Pope, and that he
fliould not truft Prote(lants who had killed his mother, left they alio kill ihe
children-, fome would rather have him ftand as neuter, but others advifed
20 him to keep peace with England^ and be conftant to his Religion, ^leen
Elizabeth perceiving the French tampering with King James to withdraw him
from his religion and amity with England, fends to him, to let him fee how
dangerous it will prove to him and his Kingdome to fall out with England at
this time, how uncertain the aids of France and Spain will be, how he may by
this lofe his claim to the Crown of England, and how (lie will be a mother to
him 5 withall (he fends him the fentence againft D^T^/y^'w , and the Judges of
Englands opinion, (hewing that the fentence againft his mother was no wayes ^
prejudicial to his right of (ucceflion. i 5 o 7-
From this time till the comming of King 'James into England, fell out no
go matters of great concernment in Scotland , except the driving of fome Span/p "^ 5°°-
(hips (after the Armado was defeatedj upon the Iflands of Orkney-^ the voyage
of King jf4«/e/ to bring home his new married Queen Anne from Denmark'-^ ' 5 o9'
the attempt that UiJ/Azre/ made upon the King and Queen in their cham.bers,
from whence he was repulfed and forced to flye , foine of whofe Pages and ^ ^ *
followers were apprehended and hanged , for which treafonable attempt of t <? g o
his he is proclaimed Traitor, and becaufe he v/as harboured by the Earl of
Mtirrey, contrary to the proclamation, Huntley by command feifeth on Murrey
in his own houfe and kills him ^ Bothwel in the interim efcapes into England^ 15 9 3*
where he lurked a while, and from thence returning is apprehended and con-
4.0 fined , he endeavours to raife a 'rebellion , but to no purpofe. This year
Prince Henry was born ^ divers conteftations the King had with the Presbyte- '594*
rian Minifters about the Biihops and Church-governm.ent , in which the King
was extreamly vexed, perfecuted and preached againft by them, whofe power
was at that time no leflb formidable then the Popes heretofore. About this
time wasfought that cruel hatteXoi Jv mi an between Huntley and Argile , in
which feven hundred of Argiles fide were (Jain, and the reft put to flight^ithefe
ftirs were raifed and fomented by fome rigid Presbyterian MinifterSjas Robert
Bruce Super-intendent of Edinburgh^ Balquani^el and others , becaufe the King
kept correfpondency with Catholick Princes, and was not cruel enough
50 againft the Papifts in Scotland •-, therefore they encourage £(9//j»v/ againft the
King,though he had been proclaimed Traitor, and furnifhed him with money
which they had gathered for redeeming of fome Proteftant Srots from the
Turks z, Bothrvel with three hundred horfe furprifeth Le/th, the King defires
the-affiftance of the E^/«/'«r^ejv againft him , but ihey would not ftir, being
forbid by their Minifters to help the King , fo that he was forced to come up
to the Church of S. Giles^ and there publikly before the people held up his
hantl
522. The Second Tart of the Book VI.
An Chrilii hand and protefted he would be an utter enemy to the Papifts^ whereupon the
«-<^'^/^^ Citizens take Aims, whereby Eothmls hopes were fruftraied , who curfed the
Minifters for deluding him thus.
Upon this the King was forced by the importunity of the Minifters, to
innkeArgile (who was their great Proteftor) Lieutenant of the North, a man
unfit for that employment , as being of too haughty and cruel a difpofition,
and befides weak in horfe, though powerful enough in foot-forces •■, the King
alfo was perfwaded to beftow on him the Country of Lochaber which belon-
ged to H««//g;' : y4rg//ehaving received his Commiflion , raifethan Army of
twelve thoufand, with which he intends to prokcuti^Hitnileji, jErrol and lo
y^«_5*«-, three Catholick Earls,with fire and fword^ they hearing of this prepa-
ration, raife alfo a thoufand horfe with a foot-army,I mean Huntley and jErrol^
iox Angus had an Army of his own to defend his Country , and could not
come in time tojoynwith the other two, becaufe ot the Rivers between.
^r^/Zf placed two thoufand musketiers in his Van, againft which Hutitlies
great Ordnance did fo play that they forced them to give back, and joyn with
the main body where Argile was himfelf, which JErrol perceiving, wheels
about with his horfe, and falls upon them in the Rear , and withall receiveth
two wounds with forked arrows, one in the arm, another in the foot ^ to help
him, H««//9 breaks in fur ioufly with all his horfe upon the main brdy of 20
Argiles k^m^ , and puts them with y^r^/Zc himfelf to flighty the fight con-
tinued two hours 5 of Huntl/es fide few were killed, but many wounded, and
I 6 o o. above two hundred horfe flain t, oiArgiks fide fome fay feven hundred, others
five hundred. The next five years fell out no memorable accident,but Gorvries
I 6 o I. Treafon, and not long after the birth of Prince Charles.
Chap. XXXV.
The Hijiory of England and Scotland together^ frot» the contming in of Kittg 30
Tames to he foie Monarch of the whole Jfland, from the year 1602. till
1625.
1602. /^"^ Ueen Elizjbet h being dcsid about ten a clock in the morning. King
f ■ James the very fame day ( Secretary Cecil reading his Title and Queen
^ ^Elizabeths Will) was proclaimed by found of Trumpet firft at White-
hall, then in Cheap-Jide, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland. Sir
Robert Cary , the Lord Htmfdons younger fon, pofted away unfent , to King
James with the news of the Queens death, who afterward was made a Baron ;
A few dayes after, the Lords of theCouncel fend Sir Charles Percy and Mn 40
7 homoi Sommerfet, and after them Sir Thomas Lake Clerk of the Signet, to ac-
quaint the King of the peoples afFeftions towards him , as likewife with the
Stateof of theKingdome. F^er/<7« Lord Chancellor, Buckhtirfi Lord Trea-
furerj NW^/w^A^w Lord Admiral , and Cec// chief Secretary are confirmed in
their places: 1 homos Howard the brother, and Henry Howard the fon of Nor-
folk y-hohzd fufFered for the Kings mother, are advanced by him, though
they were Catholicks, to let Pope Clement 8, fee he was no fuch enemy to Pa-
pifts as fome would have had him, and that his two Bulls fent out againft his
fucceffion to the Crown were needlefle.
King jf^wef having fetled Scotland, on the fifth of /^pril begins his journey 50
1603. foi'E"gland^and comes to Theobalds the third of /!/d^',where he was met by the
' Lords of the late Queens Privy-councel, and entertained v/ith an Oration by
the Lord Keeper : Here divers Lords of Scotland are made Privy-counfellors
of England. The feventh of May he rode towards London^ where by the way
near Totnam-Hjgh-croJle^ the Mi'ior^ Aldermen , and five hundred choice Ci-
tizens all mounted with chains of gold , met him and attended him to the
charter-
& A r. 5 ;^ . Utftory 0/ the World, *^
chart ^r-houjc ^ where came forth Proclamations the fapie day againit Mluno- An.Cbr-uii
poliesand pioteftions, and divers other abufes. All the way the King had wO/^Vi*
tmvelled,prilbners for fmail offences were fet free, and he plentifully diltribu- '
ted his tavours, chiefly the Order of Knighthood. Divers Lords and Coun-
tetles are lent to con duel the Qpeen, with Prince Hcwy now nine years old,
and the Lady £7/z.<r/»(.t/j; the King meets the'm at f.fy^fl?^ in NorthiW/ptonfi/rc:
Charles Duke of Albany came not , being weak and Iickly , till the next year ;
The king alfo makes divers Barons and Earls : Divers AbaiTadors arrive to
congratulate his happy oomming to the Crown, namely ixoxnthe r.ilfgrave^
• the Htf//</?M't';-, the Arch-duke, xh^: Spaniard^ the Vefict/jn ^ the Florentine, and
the French-.^ for entertaining of whom a Mafter of theCeremonies i? ordained:
There wercalfo made this year fourteen Serjeants at Law. Valentine Ihomas
forconfpiringagainft Qiicen El/zabeth, was drawn, hanged and quartered.
The Lord yli(7«//tf)' returns out o^ Ireland, bringing with him T?>«-af« vvhom
the king pardoned, who fends to his brother of Denmark^ the Earl of Rutland
with the Garter,and to be god-father to his fon chrijhanus. The Lord Spencer
alfo is fent with the Garter to the Duke of Wirtinberg.
This year produced a plot againft the King and Prince Henry , by the Lord
Cobham, Sir //W^erK^nj/c/g/j, and divers others, upon fomedifcontents, they
2Q knew not what :, they are apprehended in 'Jnly , and arraigned in November at
fVincheJier , becaufeof the ficknefle then at London, wherefore the Terme
alfo was kept there. The Lord Crry is accufed for railing two thoufand men
to defend the Lotv-Cojintrics ^ but indeed to feife upon the king and Prince :
Cobham and Rnvleigh met in S.iI/<jr//«/,and confulted about railing redition,alr
tcring Religicn,&: fetting up Lady Arabellaiiit was proved thatiratfon the Prieft
was defigned to be Lord Chancellor,and others for other offices: Rawlcigh was
to treat with Count Aremberg for money , and Cobham with the Spaniard and
Arch-duke for affifting ^r4^e//^-,thefe pleadedjthe king not being yet crowned
this could be no Trcafon, andthatit wasonelydifcourfe, and not matter of
fact; but they were refuted and condemned, the Priefts Watfon and Clerk v/ere
^ executed , and Brook., beheaded ; Cobham , Grey and Markham, at the point of
their Execution were reprieved by the Kings warrant, and carried back to the
Tower. After this the King kept the feafr of S.George at Windfor , where the
Prince with fome others are inftalled , the Earl of Southampton is reftored ,
divers other honours are conferred , and on S. '^ames day the King and Queen
are crowned and anointed at U'efifHinjier by Archbifhop Whitegift j command
is given for obfervation of Cowries confpiracy. The King calls in alUetters of
Mart againft the 6'pi^«;4r^, and concludes a peace with him, which was con-
firmed by mutual oaths folemnly taken : the spmip Ambaffador held the
. Kings hands between his, and in like manner the Ehglijl) Ambaffador at Valle-
^ dolid held the King of Spains hands, when they took their oaths : Nottinghant 1604.
Lord Admiral was Ambaffador for England^ and Valefco Conftable of Cajlile
for Spain : by Nottingham the king fent thefe prefents to the Spaniard ^ fix
horfes with faddles and faddle-cloaths embroidered, whereof tJiree for the
Xing and three for the Queenv, two crofle-bows with flieaffes of arrows , foiir
fowling-peeces inlaid with plates of gold , and a couple of lyme-hounds.
TheEarlof H.ir/fwi/is fent Ambaffador to Albert and ifabella to take their
oaths,who beliowed on the Arch-dukes fervants three thoufand pounds,fo the
Arch-diike prefented him with a Jewel of nine hundred pounds value, and a
^o fuit of Arras worth three hundred pounds,and bare his charges all the time o f
his ftay at Britxcls. . . -
After this, the kings fecond foh C^^r/e/ Duke of Albany is created Duke of
Tork, being now four years old. Richard Hay dock^z Phyfitian, pretending to
preach at night in his fleep , acknowledgeth his forgery to the king who had
detedled it. One DongLjJe a Scots-man, for counterfeiting the kings Privy-
feal to divers Princes in Germany , ;s fent over by the Palfgrave , and in Smithy
Gggg fel^
(^34 The Second Van of the BookVI*
An.chrjjti field hanged and quartered. A fecond Parliament is called at WLjlmmfter^
<-^^^^^^^<^ four dayes before the fitting, the King, Qiieen and Prince rode loleinnly
through Londoft , where divers Pageants were erefted , Prefents given , and
1605.- (peeches made. In the time of this Parliament was difcovered the Gun-
powder-plot, contrived by Catesbj, Percie and others, who hired a cellar under
theParliament-houfe, laying in it twenty barrels of powder which they had
under billets and faggots i, their intent was to blowup the Xing and Prince,
Nobles and Commons J to furprife the Duke of T<?/-4, and to proclaim the
Lady Elizabeth Queen 5 but the plot was detede(^ by a letter fent to the
Lord JlIof!teagle, vjh'ich his foot-man received from an unknown man, the 10
letter was to defire him to forbear being at Parliament , becaufe of a terrible
blow that was to be given •, the letter was delivered to the Earl of Salkbttry
by Motiteagle^ who could make no fenfe of it •, but the King when he read it,
apprehended prefentlyjthatby the word ('blow) was intimated a blowing up
with Gunpowder, therefore command is given to fearch all the rooms about
the Parliament- houfe, in the cellar under the faggots were found fix and
thirty barrels of powder 5 favek^ upon fulpition is apprehended, in whofe
pocket is found a peece of touch- wood, a tinder-box, and a watch, to try the
(hortand long burning of the touch- wood : the plot being difcovered, fome
fled to IVorccJierp/re^where Catesbj Sc Perae were ilain by one (hot of a musket, ^°
both the Wrights John and chnjiofhcr are likewife Ilain, the reft were publikly
executed , except Trepam who died of the Strangury in the Tower , whither
Northumberland upon fufpition is fcnt^ great joy there was for this delive-
rance, fo that the Spanidi and Arch-dukes Ambanadors made bone-fires, and
threw money amongft the people.
About this time the King receives as a prefent from the Spaniard fix Jennets
ai Andalujta^ with embroidered faddles, and faddle-cloth of Tifi^ue , one of
thefe Jennets was fnow-whitejwhofe main reached to the ground : the Queen
of Sp<ifK alfo fent to our Queen Jnne rich prefents of embroidery, amber-
greecCja rich cap and girdle in a bafon of gold to ccngratulate the kings happy 30
deliverance, in memory whereof the fifth of November is appointed to be kept
holy, and the Lord il/<?«^e.fg/e is rewarded with two hundred pounds a year
for ever, and five hundred pounds befides for his life. Shortly after a rumor
was fpread that the king was flain at 0;^/w^',which caufed great fears inLondon^
till within two hours after news came that he was fafe, to the great comfort of
all ■-, fo that the Spanidi Ambaflador gave Sir Lewis Lenvkjjor a chain of gold for
bringing him the news. Henrj Garnet Provincial of the Englifli Jefijits , fufFe-
red deaih for concealing theGunpowder-treafon : Northumberland is fined
to pay to the King thirty thoufand pounds, to forfeit all his offices, and to
be kept pr'.foner during the Kin gspleafure for mifprifions of Treafon. 40
AtH.?w|?/o«-Courtan AflTembly of Divines is called by the King to confer
about the Liturgy and Church-government , the firft fitting was in the privy-
chamber, whereintheprefenceof hisPrivy-councel, he fliewed the caufes
why he called thefe Divines , not that he thought there was any thing in the
Church that required alteration 3 all things being fo well fetled already, but
like a wife Phyfitian to make fearch into the fuppofed difeafes thereof,
and to remove the occafion of complaints , that the mouths of complainants
may be ftoppcd, and fober mindes fatisfied : He acknowledgeth Confirmation
after Baptifme, byEpifcopal benediction and im.pofition of hands, after the
childe hath profefled his own faith , to be of great ufe and antiquity in theSO
Church , and fo the Biftiops made it appear to his Majeftvjthat confirmation
was no clTential part of Baptifme : for Abfolution they fliew it isufedin the
reformed Churches oi Atifpirg^ Saxony znil Bohemia^ and that Chrift gave
power to his Minifters to pronounce it : for pi vate Baptifme, they fay. That it
it is not to be adminiftred by women and Laicks,,bat by lawful Miniflers
onely : and as for Excommunication, they fay. That fheabufes being re-
movedj
Oap, 3^. Hifiory of the JForJd. ^^^ ~'"^'
iiKtvcd, it ouglit to retain its vigor in the Church : and lb for that day the Af- y;f7.chrifii
Icmblyof the Prelates was difmiiled. > W^)^-^^
Tlie Miinday after , the King cAlls into his privy-chamber the complaining
Dod-ors, telling them, That hcincantnotto innovate the Churcii-govern-
ment fo found and fo long eftabliflied, but to fettle unifovmity and unity and
to remove abufes if there be any, therefore defires them to declare their grie-
vances : hereupon Dr. Reynolds the foreman reduced all the matters in debate
to thefe four heads : i. Forprefervation of truedoftrine. 2. For placing of
good Paftovs. 5 For fincere Church-government. 4, For explanation of fome
^^ claufcs in the Seivice-book. All thefe points were exaftly handled and cleared
by the Prelates, and fo moderated by the King with that judgement and learn-
ing, that all who were prefent were ravilhcd with admiration. The Wednef-
day following.bcing the third dayes Conference , the King declares what for-
merly had paff, and flouts up all v ith a godly exhortation , perfwading all to
uniry,and diligence in thei'- charge, (hewing thedutics both of fupcriorsand
infei iors , wifhing them to build Gods Temple without the found of difcord
and to fhew their obedience and hiiir.ility by a peaceable conformity, feeing
the points in coniroverfie were matters of m.cer weakneiTe. After this the
King gives order for a new tranflation of the Bible according to the originals,
jj^and then fends fome learned and judicious Divines into Srotl.md to confer
with the Di\'ines there about an uniform government in both Churches:
Then by Aftof Pnrliament he provides for the Chuiches conftant mainte-
nance, that none of her revenue<; or lands be alienated.
The ki!-ig,to fliew how willing he was to unite the two kingdomes into one
caufeth one name to be given to both, and himfelf to be proclaimed king of
Great-Britaiir^ he cauicth another Proclamation to come forth for baniflijng of
Jefuites and Priefr?, and a third for confirming the book of Common-prayer,
as it was in the late Qiieens time.
In the fourth year of the kings reign, the king of De7i»iark^ arrives in the 1606.
„Q ihnmcs with eight fhips, and anchored before Gravefem!^ thither the /Cing with
^ the Prince and Lords went in Barges to meet him, and conduced him to
Londo}?^ whereheftayedtill the i2.of ^f/^?//^, having landed the 17. of 7;//)/
before , after whofe departure arrived at London^ Franck Prince of Vandemont
the Duke of lomz/wr third fon, accompanied with feven Earls, 'ten Barons
forty Gentlemen, and (Ixfcore coinmon perfons, who were for fourteen dayes
together entertained by the king at Hampton-Cowxt. The next year in May
fome malecontents in the Shires o^Northamptov^LeceiJier andlVanvick in great
companies began to throw down Tnclofures , whole Ring-leader was one
licjfiolds, or Captain roiich,{o called from his green-leather-pouch hanging by
.^ his fide, where he faid he had fufficientto defend them againftall oppofers
but when he was apprehended , there was nothing found there but a peece of
green-cheefc ^ fome Lords, with C<?(?/' the chief Juftice, fupprefled them by
force of Arms, and punifhed fome of them by death, others by fines. In June
foUowingthe King dined with W'^fj- the Lord Maior , who after dinner pre-
fented him with a purfe full of gold , and then the King was made free of the
Company of Cloath-workers , to whom he promifed a brace of Bucks yearly
for ever, to be fpent at the eleftion of their Mafter.
In Jtdj following, the king dined at Merchant-Taylors-hall , where he was
prefented with a purfe of goldjand a El oil fhewed him wherein were regiftred
50 feven Kings, one Queen, feventeen Princes and Dukes, two Dutcheffes, one
Archbifhop, one and thirty Earls, fixty fix Barons, feven Abbots, feven Priors
with many Knights free of that Company 5 the king being free of another
Com pany, refuicd to be of theirs, but gave way that the Prince Ihould be free,
and that he would fee the Garland put on his head, whereupon a purfe of gold
is prefented to the Prince,and he with divers Lords are made free. About this
time ungrateful T»-Oc» 5 with fome other Iridi Lords went away to follicitei
Gggg 2 foreign
6}6 The Second ^ an of the Book.VL
jitt.Chrifti foreign Princes againft the King , and to offer Ireland to the Pope.
^"^^^'"o^ This year Virginia is planted. George Jervff a Priefl", and Thomas Garnet a
I 6 o 0. jefyjte are executed 5 a pardon was offered to Garnet , if he would take the
Oath of Allegiance, which he refufed. Divers Englifh Pyrates turn Turks.
The New-Exchangeis ereQ:ed,where a long old Stable rtood before,by Salisbury
the Treafurerj and is named by the King ("who with the Queen and Prince
I 609. came to fee it J Britains-Burje. Foraigners are prohibited to fiih upon the
Kings coafts without leave. Now Allom is made in England^vj)x\c\i heretofore
was brought from other places 5 This year alfo Silk- worms were brought \x\-
ioEnglmd. ^ . lO
1610. Xhe King having received aid for Knighting Prince Henry , and he being
now come to the age of feventeen years, is made Prince oilValei. Garter King
at Arms bore the Letters- Patents,^«/ex the Purple-Velvet Robes, Hnntington
the Train , Cumberland the Sword , Rutland the King , Darby the Rod , and
sh^evpsbury the Cap and Coronet, Nottingham and Northampton fupported
the Prince, being in his Surcoat only, and bare-headed : Thus he was con-
dufted to the King, and attended on by five and twenty Knights of the Bath 3
Salkbury read the Letters-patents, the Prince kneeling all the while befoic
the King, and at the words accuftomed the King put on him the El.obe,Sword,
Cap and Coronet , the Rod and Ring , and then kiffed him on the cheeks 5 fo 20
then he was allowed to keep Court by himfelf.
The King to keep peace at home, in his own perfon heard the differences
between the Ecclefiaftick and temporal Judges,argued touching Protedions >
he heard alfo the complaints of the Viduallers and other Officers of his Navy.
Upon the news of king Henry 4. ofFrance his death , king "james by proclama-
tion commands all Priefts and Jefuites to avoid the land , and all Recufants to
return home to their dwellings. The Eaft-India Merchants are made a Cor-
poration for ever , who built a (hip of 1 200 Tun, which at Bant ham was loft :
the King alfo builds afhipof i40oTun, which he gave to the Prince, who
called it by his dignity, The Prince. 50
About this time Mr.Car^who had been one of the Kings twelve Pages, whom
he difmiffed upon taking fo many Footmen , was afterward made one of the
Bed-chamber, upon breaking of his leg, as he lighted from his horfe in the
kings prefence , who ever after caft an affeftion towards him 5 he made him
knight, then his Secretary, then Vifcount Rochejier^ and a Privy-councellor,
afterward he made him Earl of 5ower/cf, and at laft Lord Chamberlain. Thefe
great Honours made fome to envy, others to admire and flatter him, among
the reft the Countefle of f//ex the Earl oiSuffolkj daughter , who fo much fell
in love with him, that ftie flighted her own husband,and procured Mrs.Twr»er,
one Grepam^ and Dr.Forman^ by inchantments to difabJe him, and to procure 40
Cars love 5 places of meeting are appointed at HammerfmithjWhQve much loofe
behaviour was ufed between them, fothat Sir Thomas Overbttry^ Cars favorite,
was much difpleafed with it 5 and Prince Hcwry hearing of his loofe kind of
life with her, flighted him, which fome think haftened the Princes death.
The Lady Fr^wf/j^Hon'./rJ complaining of her husbands frigidity, and that
file was ftill a Maid, procures a Divorce, which was granted upon a fcarch
made on her by twelve Matrons : then a marriage is thought on by Ca.r and
HoTpard, to which Overbury was altogether averfe ^ upon this Rochejier and the
Counteffe meet, and conclude the death ofOverbury^ who was a main obftacle
to their proceedings ■-, for the facilitating whereof, tf'adc is removed from the pq
Lieutenantfhip of the Tower, and Elvis is preferred , then the Countefle con-
fers with Mrs. Turner^ complaining oi Owrbnries infolenciefordefimingher
name^ hereupon they refolve topoyfon him, by one W'c//o« an Apothecary
fometimes fervant to Dr. Turner. And bccaufe Ova-bury was to be im ployed as
an Ambaflador into the Low-Countries to the Archduke, Rochejier diffwadcs
him from that imployraent, promifing to take him off with credit , but in
ftead
Chap. 3 5- Hifiory of the World. "^37
fteadof fodoing, heincenfeththeking againft him, {hewing that Ovcrbury An.Chrifii
was become foinfolent, that he fcorned that employment to the Archduke ^■/'V^
as too mean for him ; therefore the king having received a deniall from
Overbury , fends him to the Tower , North^fftpton and Rochejhr his two great
enemies, command the Lieutenant to keep him clofe prifoncr, and WeJ[on\%
preferred to wait on him in the Tower , Orejkwt in the interim dies , and
one Franklin is entertained in that bufinefle, a man fit to make poyfons. "■
Shortly after , F/z'^'theLieutcnant was acquainted with the poyfoning of
OverbHry by Wefton , as he was carrying a part of his fupper in one hand , and
loaglafleof bluewater in the other : The next day £/z^^-isfent forbyNor//j-
hampton, by whom he was encouraged to perfift, and a thoufand pounds pro*
mifed him for a reward ^ he is alfo defired to fift out Over buries ininde, how h«
is affefted to the match between Rochejier zx\dt\\QCo\xatQ&-^ in the interim
more poyfons are fent by the Counteffe, which by ^r/ftf» are tempered with
his broth and meat, fome poyfoned Tarts and Jellies alfo are fent by the
Vifcount to Sir Thomas Monfo»,who(e fervant delivered them to IVeJi on^which
brought the C:iid Sir Thomas to he fufpeftcd as having a hand in this ad 5 by **
this means Oz^er^wry grew very fick, but by a cooling bath he received fome
eafe : hereupon the Lieutenant is commanded by the Councel (as he gave
20 out ) that no man might have liberty to fpeak with him.
Now the intended marriage comes to light , much queftjonirig and de-
bate there is about it^ the bifhops are divided, Canterbury and others againft it^
WJnchi'fier and Ely for it, at laft a nullity is obtained, and order is fent to Efjex
to repay the portions of five thoufand pound ; when Overbury heard of the
inarriage,he grieved exceedingly both for the Earl of Sommerfet^ as for him-
felf, fufpeding it would caufe his death •-, therefore he writes to the Earl to be
relcafed , who returns him fome Court holy- water, and a white-powder to
eafe his pain, which it did ftiortly after , for being given to him in a glifter,
p-^oved poyfon , which the next d^y with exceflive pains in the guts killed
30 him^ after his death, it was fpread abroad he died of the pox by exceffe of
lafcivioufneffe.
This year gold is enhaunfed :; one Legate an Arian is burned ^ and the Lant- i 6 1 1,
grave oi Hejfje commeth to vifit King James. The next year the Lord Zanchir is
hanged for cauling one Turner to be murthered. The body of Queen Atary of i 6 i 2,
Scotland is removed from reterborovp to Wejiminjier , where a ftately tomb of
marble is erefted over it. The Pal/grave Eledor commeth into England , who
yN\t\i Grave- Maurice 2iXt inverted with the Garter. The year following was i 6 I 3.
fatal to this Ifland by the death of Prince Henry^ and the marriage of his fifter
the Lady Elizabeth to the Palfgrave.
40 The nullity being obtained,the match is made, and honoured by the Rings 1 6 1 4.
prefence, and a Mask , a fevc dayes after, the new married couple were feafted
with the Nobility of the Kingdome, at Merchant-Taylors hall by the Lord
Maior and Aldermen. Rumors are fpread abroad of a Spanifi fleet , as if in-
tended for En^/^W, and this fufpit ion increafed by a Proclamation againft
Spanjjh money : the Scof y in the Weftern Iflands flieout into rebellion, fodo
the IV/lde-IriJh in Ireland ^ but were quickly fupprcfled. Fn the Iflands of
Orkney there was great commotions raifed by the Earl of Orkney then a prifo-
ner in Edinburgh-CsiMe, who wrote letters to his Baftard-fon, and other of his
friends there to take poffeflion of his houfes, whereof he accounted the Caftle
50 of K/rkjpay one, whereupon the Counctl at Edinburgh fend thither fome ftiips
of war , and land-forces out of Caihnejfe, who befiege the Caftle both by fea
and land, whi :h at laft yeeldeth to mercy , the Earls (on with the befieged are
hanged up clofe by the Caftle, which is demoliftied , the Ordnance carried
away,and not long after the Earl himfelf was beheaded at Edinburgh.
The Earl of Northampton is publikly fpoken againft for countenancing and
advancing the Roman Religion 3 a Bill is exhibited in the Star-chamber by
him
6}8 The Second Tart of the^^ Book. Vl-
Jtr.chrrji; him agninfi fuch as defamed him :, but Cantjrhiiry maintains their caufe, fncw-
>'<■>'■>*- ingtherc were never in his time fomany Piiefls in f-ngldfiJ:\s now ; NJy Lord
hereat being much troubled,went to Gn' »ip/r/yr.ade his will, then returned to
h'ishoukai London, where he ditd. TheCloath-wo^kerb obtain at lalt thjt
nomorewhite-cloaths be carried over the leas uncii.d ar.d undrelltd , the
Dutch proclaim that none ftiall buy any iuch chxuhs To dielled and died:
hereupon wools are prohibited to be tranfported oatof the Kingdorre ; yet
at laft if is ordered by theCounccl, that a certain nuiiibcr it" white-cloaihs
fliall be tranfported.
Sof!/werfct. having lofl: N^^>"//j.?/;^,''^''^ hii ^reat friend, and fearing thedetecri- i j
on of Overhiincf death, procuies a ^^cnerai pavdo' of a!i trLafon^, njlpi wiorsj
murthers, fellonies, outrages whatioever , v hivh the t^.ing iigncd , but Chan-
cellor Egcrton refufeth to let it paiic the Stsl , avA acouaiiits the t^ing of the
danger might ai ile therebv : wheieupon the King lufpedling all was not wttl
with Sonierjer^ withdraws his favour trcnn hin-*, ai.d begins to cafi: his attcftion
upon a youngGentleman lately come from t r ncc^x.Gt-orge FJI/cn^t in v, horn
hd beftows a thoufand po.nuls, then Knights him, inverts him with the
Carter, makes him Mafter of the horle, and afterward Earl, Maiquellc,
and Duke of Bttck'nohif/i.
Somrmrfct being troi ibled in confcicnCe about Overbur'ics death , fendeth to
Frcmff tohavethe Apofhecaiy difpatched whogavcthe Gliller:, he caufeth ^*^
all places to be fearched where he thought any letters were which concerned
thatmifchief; and by leaft n of his pride, covetoufntlle,and infolent carriage,
heiseverydaylelle in the Rings favour 3 and the peoples affefl-ions : At laft
upon petition of. 7* ■•buries man to my Lord Cook^^nA upon the iiiformation of
Sir Rcilph t. jnivoodtothe King If'cjion^h examined, and after much adoeat lafi:
confefles all, who with ittmo; I rankhn and Flvff are condemned and hanged^
Somfmrjct is committed to the Dean of IVcjinnnjter ^ he ftcod ftill upon
hisinnocencie, and.deniedall , but his Connti lie conft lied ^ whereupon his
money, plate and jewels. worth locccoh. and his lands to 19c or//, per
aniiit/!/, are feifed upon for the Kings ufe, who beftowed divers of them upon 3^
the Prince.
■ About this time Sir Walter K.ilcigh, after ten years impiifoninent in the
Tower, was fet at liberty : he hated Summtrftt exceeding: ly , bee anfe he had
begged and got his lands •-, the C untefle ot shrcrrfbitn a]0\ who was privy to
the efcape of the Lady ArabcUi, was releafed out of the Tower.
In the year 1 ^- 1 J . the Fni^J JJ- fends a Plantation to the Tarmndef^ as the Lon-
doners had done the year before into Ireland. The King of iJt>;//A«'4 this
yearcaiTif privately into Fji^^lmd again. Hugh Mtddleton brouglit the water
into London, and Smtons Hofpital is founded. The next year alter, the Lady
1615. 'jrahel!,i v ho married to Mr. /; ;///</»/ Seymour, now Marquefleof Hartford, \'^
dieth, which alfo was the fatal year of Sir 'ihowipf Overbi.ry. The tryal of
5<?ww(r */and hisLady isputofF, bccaufefle was with childe ^ but afterfhe
vas delivered of a daughter , the Lord Chancellor isauthorifed to be High-
Steward of I ngland tor the time being, to whom were j<iyned 'eight Judges
■for his afl ftynts , a Seat-Royal is placed in the upper end of U ejlniinjtcr-\\A\\
the two prifoners are brought from the Tower; the Countefle pleaded guilty,
but .9/.7/;wer''fr pleaded not guilty:, yet being found guilty by his Judges, is
condemned, and fcnt back to the Tower, they were afterward both pardo-
l6\(-. ned and releafed out of the Tower. This fame yenr the Archbifhop of Spa-
l.ito comes into England, and the Cautionary Towns are refiored to the 5^
States. About two years before this, the Order of Knight-Earonets was infti-
tuted by King 7'*»'''^-»' 5 who were to maintain thirty foot-fouldiers in Ireland
for three yearsjafter the nte of eight pence a day, and to pay the wages of one
whole year upon the paffingof their Patent, then they muff be Gentlemen
of three defcents-, and ftiould be worth a thoufand pounds /'errfw/?/;^, the
I number
c
HAP. 34.
Hiftory of the IForJd,
6jp
161 J.
number to be inftallcd was not to exceed two hundred
came from the Rujjiart Emperor to King 'y.^/z/c, dcfiring his amity, and to me-
diate for a peace between him and the King of SwcthLinJ^ and prefcnts him
with rich Furs : andnotonely thei^/z/y/Vw, but the /Vy?.w alfo, admiring the
wifdome and happinclle of King ''james , fome time before this^ fent Sir Robert
5/jo7e7 to defire his amity, and withall freely offers commerce to the Kings
fubjefts through all the Tcrjian dominions : This Sir Robert was made an Earl
of the Empire by Rodulphus Cd'far^ then having ferved the Tcrjian ten years,
was made General of his Artillery, and m.arried him to the Lady Terejia,
10 whofe iKkr was one of the Queens oirerjia ^ flie was brought to bed here of a
fon, whom the Qiieen and Prince Wcwrj' Chriftened. About this time Moor-
ficlds ^ before a (linking place , were made out into pleafant walks : Prince
Charles is created Prince o^ ff'alcs, which aftion was accompanied with much
joy, and the inOalling of five and twenty Knights of the Euth.
This year the King after fourteen years abfence returns mto Scotland for
fetling both the Cluuvh and State there, whofe prefence was fo welcome, that
every place and City whither he went did ftrive to outftrip one another in
magnificent entertainment : having fctled all things, and confirmed the five
Articles of rer/A!,after fix moneths abode there , he returns into tngltnd-^ Sir
20 IValter Ruivkigh being now at liberty perfwades the King to afford him fome I 6 1 3:
lliips for C'uyafia , where he thought was a Mine of gold, which would inrich
him and the whole kingdome without any prejudice to the Spaniard, but
when he came thither no treafure could be founds wherefore that he might
not return empty-handed, he falls upon S.Thome , a Town of the Spaniards^
which he facked, pillaged and burned ; Gimdomore the Spanip Leiger com-
plains : King ']a»/es to avoid a breach between Spain and England, prefers
the death of one man,already condemned, before the breach of publike peace,
therefore he is newly arraigned and condemned to die, his head was cut off'on
a Scaffold in the Pallace-yard.
50 Queen /^»«c, after (he had been married twenty years, died at Hampton-
Court, whofe death cad; the king into a dangerous ficknefie, of which he re-
covered. In a Parliament at U'ejiminjier ( in which Chancellor iB/if6)« for bri-
bery was put from his place , and fent to the Tower, into whofe place Dr.
Williams Dean of Wcftm, njter fuccecded) Adontpejjon and Michel are for abufes
cenfured: Sir Richard ff'ejion is fent Ambaflador to the Emperor to follicite
the reftoring of the Palfgrave to his own Country : Gimdomore a(rures the king
there was no readier way to recover the Pallatinate , then by making a match
between Prince Charles and the Infanta of Spain , which might be effefted , if
the Prince were fent thicher, whereupon the king fends him with THckingfum^
4.0 Porter and Cottington by land::, in the way at Park, being difguifed, he fiw the
Court, and Princeffe Mary , whom afterward he married ^ Gmidomore in the
interim obtains of fome Ladies large fummes of money for places with the
Infanta when (he came : The Prince being arrived in Spain, was received with
as much love and magnificence as could be expcfted, foas the charge of his
entertainment flood the King o^ Spain in nine and forty thcufand Ducats, yet
he was fo reftrained from the Lady, that the eight moneths time he
flayed in Spain he faw her very feldome , and that at adiftance, and never
fpake with her but twice, and that before company , and was limited alfo irl
hisfpeeches.
50 This match was hindred by the falling out of Buckingham and Count
Olvaresx\\cK\n^Gi Spains great favourite : much time alfo was protraded
upon pretence of difficulties to obtain the Popes difpenfation^ wherefore
King ''jamcs wearied with delayes fends for the Prince home , who having
taken his leave of the King of Spain, returns by feajand lands at Portfmonth, tcy
the great joy of the people : the Articles of the marriage were fo ftrift and
large for exercife of the Catholick Religion , and none at all for reftoring of
the
I 619;
I 6 21.
1623,
6^o T'he Second Tan of the Book. VI.
An.Chrifii the TaUtinate, that Ring jf^/»w broke off all treaty of the marriage, and figni-
'*'*'~V"^«- fied fo much to the -Sp^w/^r^ and other Princes, wherefore a confultation is
had for recovering it by Arms : to this end a great contribution byway of
benevolence was coHedted for raifing men. Then another match was thought
on for the Prince 5 for this caufe the Earls of Carlijk and Holland are fent into
Fr4«« to treat of a marriage with the younger daughter of henry ^^. which
was accomplifbed fhortly after King ^rf/>,«e/ his death. About this time the
Archbilhop of Spalato was burned at Ron/e for apoftacie :, he came into this
1624. Kingome petending Religion , as he (hewed in his writings by maintaining
Proteftanifme, and was therefore made Dean of. ^Wj^r, anxiMafrcr of the '°
Savoy-^ but being fickle-headed,after he had ftayed here five years.he retraced
all he had written or faid before , and therefore is commanded by the Ring to
depart the Ringdomc within three dayes, and fo he returns to Kor,xe^ where
he inveighed as bitterly againft the Proteftants, as he did hereagainft the
Papifts.
This year was fatal by the fall of that great Cedar King Jjnfes , the wifefV,
I*- ?• 5' ibrtunateft,and mod peaceable Prince thatever was in this lane', under whofe
two and twenty years government, this kingdome attained to the hei?,ht of
peace, plenty and happinefle; in whofe halcionian dayes, more works of piety
were done then in any other Princes reign of the like continuance 5 fuch were
the reparations oirauls begun then, the endowments of S. lohns Colledge in ^°
Oxfordby Dr. Land the Archbilhop, the Almf-houfe at Croyden by Archbiihop
Abbot ^ and that in Sujjcx by Robert Earl of Dorfetjih^t o^ Sutton in the Charter-
houfe, ^F/Z/y/ Colledge in Ox/^r-^ by Mr. 'Nicholas Wilby^ Dulwich Almf-houfe
by Edrvard Jllen the Player, the Hiftory-Ledure at Ojc/^r^ hy Mr. Cumbden^
three thoufand and fix hundred-pounds given to good ufes by Mr. Fatytt
Grocer oi London^ Crf/Wew-Hofpital in Gloccjicrjljire founded hy Sir Baptfji
tiickj five thoufand pounds given by Mr. ihomas Tcafdak for maintenance of
feven Fellows and five Schollars in r^//;<?/ Colledge, three fair Hofpitals
founded by Henry EavlofNorthamptoftfine s.tRyJing in Norfolki,'^ fecond at Chin
in Shropjhire, the third at Grecmv/ch in Kent, 8oco if. given by William Jones of 3°
London for a Free-fchool and Almf-houfes in Jfales^and a ico //.for ever yearly
to a preacher in London.Not ro fpcak ot Ci>e//ry-Colledge3divers Churches and
Chappels by private men 5 and other fums of money left by charitable mens
all which were the fruits of his peaceable government : and among the reftjwe
may not omit the JPlantations of Ireland, Virginia^ Barnmdas^ and Ncrp-England-^
in Virginia^ the firft Town that ever was built there bare his namef for though
this was difcovered in the Queens time, yet it was not planted till the kings :
the next was the plantation of the Bar/nudas ^ and the laft o( Nctv-Fnglandy
the parent whereof was granted by king Ja/^es to Brijiol^Exeter, and Tlrmonth. .
In his time alfo divers Schools, Churches and Hofpitals were trefted in Scot-'V^
land, and a Plantation by the Scots was thought on in the north part of
Canada, which in king cA/zr/er his time was fet on foot. This k'm^'jamcs for
iiiswifdome was admired of foreign Princes, for learning by the Univer-
fities^ for his wife, juft, and peaceable government, by his fubjefts. Trotefta-
nifme had never a greater Champion, as may be feen by his book?, by his care
in caufing Conferences to be held in Scotland about uniformity of Difciplitie,
and unity of Doftrine 5 about expelling /^r/f/*y out oi Leyden^ and fending
Divines to the Synod*of Dort^ and his learned moderating of the Conference
^xHamptoti-Camf^ fo that he was r/^^^'i Prince, a Philofophical King, or a
Kingly f hilofopher. He died the 27. of March, the 59. year of his age, having 5°
reigned ovex ■AWCreat-Britam 11. years compleat. In his time fell out divers
ftran ge accidents i the great Plague, wheringdiedin L^w^^w above 58000. in
one year, the great Froli,great inundations and fires^chiefly that of Dorchcjier^
the falling of the room at Black-Friars, a Whale within eight miles of London^
the Blazing-ftar, the killing of a man by Archbiihop Abbat,
Chap^
Chap. 3 6. Btfiory of the IForfd. 661
Jn.Chrilii,
Chap. XXXvI. >->'-^^^
AContJniuiionoftheHjjlory tf/Great-Britainj vnder Kit:gC[xj,\\cs^ from ike
yeare 1625. ttll the yearc 1641.
PKmCQ Ckiirks being about the age of 2 5 ycares, is proclaimed Ring of j 5 2 "i,
Great-Britaw^ &c. Who (hortly after his Coronation was married to
HenrJcta Maria^ younger daughter of King Henry 4. oi France. The Match
was made upon thefe conditions : That the Popes difpenfation fhould be pro-
cured witiiin thefpace of three moneths before j That the free exercife of
the Cathohke Religion be permitted to the Qiieen and her fervants, and her
Children , that therefore (he (hould be allowed her Chappel, and Burial-place
peculiar to herfelfand family, with 28 Prieftsand a Bilhop chofen by the
French king, who {hould be exempted from the Secular powers And that ^^^^^
King C/)<7r/e/ ftould fweare never to withdraw from, orperfwadehcrtoinr**
brace any other Religion. Her Portion was 800000 Crowns ^ her Dowry .
iSocolib. fterling^ befidcsfo much Lands as (hould maintain her and her
20 Court, anfwerable to her Greatneffe.
Not long after the marriage was confummated, all amity with Spain is re-
jefted, and Commerce prohibited : a Fleet of 1 50 Sail, with 10000 Foot and
fome Horfe,are fent againft Spain , they landed at Cacitz,^ but were beaten back
into their (hips with loffe, h\ Ferdinand Gironi us --y the (hips by ftorms in their
return were much (battered , many of the paflTengers died with licknefTe and
cold, fo that few returned home. This unlucky Expedition hindred the
League that was made between England^ Denm4rl{^ Swethland'^ Venice and
Holland^ againft the Houfe o^AnJiria.
The next yeare, King L<:rpis o{ France falls out with King Charles of Great- 1626.
*30 Britain^ becaufe he fent back the French Priefts into France^ upon fome difta(te
taken againft them for injoiningan unfeemly Penance on the Qiieeni and
becaufe he entertained MonfieuT Suhize, and armed him againft the French
Ring : and however King Charles was content to allow the Queen twelve
Priefts and one Bi(hop , twelve Women , one Chamberlain , one Secretary,
one Phyfitian, and three other Catholike fervants^ yet he could not bedif-
fwaded from defending Snbize, and the Proteftant caufe ^ which occafipned a
warre between them , therefore the Eng]i(h (hips and goods are arrefted in
France, and the half of the Queens dower was retained : Upoa this, an Englilh
> Fleet is fent to the Kle of Rhee, under the Duke of BHckingham, which took it ; 1627.
40 but not long after it was loft again, and the Engli(h driven to their (hips, not
without the lofle of many a brave man.Yet lH.CharUs being nothing difmayed,
prepares another Fleet againft the next year , for leWcfo^Rochclnow befieged
by the French King ^ but whilft the Duke was ready to imbarque at r^r//wi?«^/j , p
where the Fleet lay, he was fuddenly ftabbed by one 'john Felton^ which caufed ^ ° ^ ''
great difcontent in the Ring, and a tumult in the Dukes lodgings •■, the. French
being accufed as aftors in this murther , but Felton confeffing that he had kiU
led the Duke, the tumult was appeafed, and he appehended, who confefled
he could not be quiet in mind till he had afted that tragedy, being perfwaded
that the Duke was no good Patriot, having exafperated *the King againft the
50 former Parliament which Vv'as a(rembled for giving aid to the King in defence
of the Proteftant caufe, which was then in great danger both in France ^mA.
Germany, the King oi Denmarl{bQmg brought very low by the Emperor. .
Notwithftanding the Dukes death, the Fleet was difpatched to the reliefe
o^Koikl^ but could do no good, becaufe it came too late:, forthe Town was
begirt with impregnable Barracadoes and Circumvallations both by fca and
land, fo that re rnjecta it returned home. The next year a Parliament is called^
H h h h Peace
6/\z 'The Second Tan of the Book VI-
An.Chrifii Peace is concluded with France '-, A new Plantation is begun in y^mericdf^Wtdi
>'*''^^^^>^ '^ew-England. Not long after, on the 29. of il /<?;', Prince CA^^r/fJ was borne :
^""^ 9' i\yc next day , the King at ratds-Crojje gave thanks to God for the Qiieens fafe
delivery, and the birth of his Son. This year a Peace is concluded with Spam.
I 63 !• In the year following, the Ring fends to the Emperor for reftitution of the
Talatim into his inheritance, but nothing was effeded. In the year 1655. tlie
King about May began his journey into Scotland^ where he was Crowned the
1 8. of 7««e, with great folemnity. Not long after, as he was croffing the Ferry
between Leith and Brunt- Ijland^ therearolefofudden afrorm, that he was in
danger to be caftaway^ fomeof his ferv ants were then drowned, and much 10
of his plate and houlhold-ftuffe was loft. He erefted about the lame time a
Bilhops See in Edinburgh, and fetled Mv.WilUamtorhes o^Aherdcn (an eminent
man for learning) Biftiop there:, but he died fhortly after, being vexed by the
people of that place, who could not endure to be fubjeft to a Bilhop. Th6
Ring having called a Parliament there, in which fome things in favour of the
Church were enafted, which pleafed not divers of the Great ones there ^
* • - - .^Ijereupon the Ring returns abruptly into England^ which was ill relented by
the Scots Lords,
1634. The next year followingj King Charles for maintenance of his Navy, raifed
the Tax of Ship-mony, by which means the Sea-men were well paid, and for 20
two years together the Ringdome was well guarded by the Royal Fleet. But
this Tax was fo unequally laid by the Sheriffs and their Deputies, upon divers
of the meaner fort, that it caufed great difcontent : (For I know a Minifter,
whofe Benefice was fcarce ico.l./?er.i«««/«j forced to pay 15.I. for his Tax the
firft year.)This Ship-mony was at laft oppofed and voted down in Parliament,
In the year 1636. the King fends again to the Emperor in behalf of the Palf-
grave, in which Embaflie much mony was fpent to little purpofe. In the year
after, the Popes Nuntio's are received and entertained at the Queens Court.
In Scotland fell out the great Tumult at Edinbitrgh, ']uly 23. upon the reading
oftheNew Service-book in S Giles Church , the Women beginning the fray 30
by flinging their ftools and Bibles at the Deans head, as he was readings who
hardly efcapcd, with the Bifliop, out of the Church with their live^: But the
tumult was appeafcd by the Privy-Councellors then prefent, and the Bilhop
conveyed away by the Lord It'ecms. So things remained quiet till the next
Spiing, that new troubles arofe. A Generall Aflembly, againft the Rings
command, is held at OIjJcotp, in which the Bifhops arc depofed, excommuni-
catedjand abjured i; the Articles oi Perth, Service-book, and Canons are re-
jected by the Presbyterian Aflembly, who alfo impofe an Oath and Covenant
upon the people, the chief promoters whereof were three Minifters, Hcndcr-
fon^Dickfcn, and6<»«f; whocomming to Abcrden, received fome flop by the 40
learned Divines there , who would not condifcend that the Covenant lliould
be propounded or recommended in their Pulpits to the People under their
charge, till they were fatisfied in thefe demands, i. By what warrant or
power they impofeda Covenant on them , feeing they were not authorifed
by the King nor his Councel, nor any eftablillied Judicatory or National
Synod. 2. Whether they ought to fubfcribe a Covenant of mutual defence
by arms,feeing fuch Covenants are forbid by Parliament,.w.i 585. 5. Whether
they ought to feareany danger of Innovation in Religion, feeing the King
hath protefted, declared and fworn to the contrary, and hath removed all oc-
cafionsoffearjas the Service-book, Canons, and High-commiflion. 4. What 50
reafon is there for them to abjure Epifcopacie and the Articles of rcf//j,and to
have an interpretation of the Negative Confefiion impofed on them againft
their judgments. $. Whether the abjuring of the late introduced R ites^bc not
anaflent that the foimer Rites are unchangeablei whereas all Rites according
to times and occafions may be changed. 6. Whether the abjuring o^ Perth-
Articles be not a contradicting of the judgment of moft modern Di\ ines, who
hold
Cnap, 3^. Hiflory of the TForJd, 66}
hoM them in their own nature lawfulU asalfo a condemning. of the ancient y^fw.c/jr/,'??
Churchj which practifcd thcni. 7. Whether they can abjure the fe Rites as w^/^w*
Popilh, which according to the light of their confcience and (incerity of their
hearti'jthcy have pradifed as lawfull fo many years 5 And whether thcv ought
not to have Tome time given them to conlider of fo wcigh.ty a bufinelie.
8. Whethei- the Kings perfon ought not to be defended, though he pieferve
not thetnie ReUgion. 9. Whether this can be conliftent 5 To 1 wear to main-
tain the Kings authorityjand yet fwcar difobedience to the Articles e(labh(hed
by his authority, ic. Whether the abjuration of Tav/j-Articles be not pre-
10 judicial to the libeity of Voting in a National Allembly. i r. Whether the
fubfcription to iheProfeffion of Faith, regiftred an.1^67. in Parliament, be
TJOt furficient to (hew the fincerity of their Profeilion. i:>.. Whether the late
praftife of the Covenanters in contemning Authority, and Gods fervice in
nisownhctife, on his own day, as to lay violent hands on the Prelates and
Paftors in time ofDivine fervice, whillf they praftife what the King and his
Councel commanded : I fay, m hether thefe difprders are tolerable, or is it fit __^
that the Anticovcnanters fliould joyn with them. 1 5. How this CovenanftaR
befubfciibed without fcandal, firft, ofdillenting from other Refornsed Chur»
ches; fecondly, of difl'enting from Antiquity:, thirdly, of perjury, having
io fworn obedience to the Articles oiPerth^ and to theOrdbaiy at their admifii-
ontotheMinifbefy. 14. Whether thpfe Covenanting Minifters can with rea-
fon defire the ufe of our Pulpits, to withdraw (fay they) our Flocks from their
obedience and allegiance, and that Doftrine which we in our confcience think
to be true ?
To thefe ^icre's the Covenanting Minifters put in their Anfwef s, but fuch
as were not fatisfying to the Divines of Aberden^ as may be feen in their Re-
plies and Duplies. The Eifhops alfo protefled and declared againft the Af-
fembly at 0/<f/rcR', as being altogether unlawfuU, bccaufeitmet without the
Rings warrant ^ becaufe it confilted of more Lay-men then Minifters , becaufe
ao^Tioftof thefe Minifters were fcandalous either in their lives or doftrine, or
both^ becaufe they were enemies and perfecutorsoftheBifhops, to whom
they owed Canonical obedience, and that it was unreafonable they ftiould be
both Judges and parties 5 and becaufe they are fuch Minifters as have not
fworn to the Articles of Religion, nor taken the oath of Allegiance, and ufurp
more authority to themfelves then can ftand with the freedome of an Aflem-
bly 5 and as juftly might the Bifhops except rigainft this AfTembly, which hath
already precondemned Epifcopacie , as Atha.na.Jius , Hojius of Csrduba^ and
Maximus Patriarch o^Conjiantinopk^ did except againft fome partial and pre-
judicating Councels, or I«//)er againft the Councel of Trrwf, becaufe he was
*o precondemned by PopeLe<?. But thefe Reafons of the Bifhops were flighted,
and the Aflembly notwithftanding proceeded,, though the King fends the
Marquis Bamjhon to diffolve it : For the Presbyterial fide prevails more and
more 5 who made an AcT: againft the Bifhops,and expelled them the kingdom ,
whereat the Ring was fo angry, that he caufed the Scots fhips here to be feifedj
and their Trading with £«g/<«K^ to be prohibited.
Mean while, the Qu^en-motherof fri^wee, YJm^Henry the Fourths wid-
dow, czmQ to London^ Offob.^i. whom the King received courteoufly, and
entertained royally. In Ni?wz»/'er Proclamation is made againft the AfTembly
in Scotland^ by the King : but it was fo flighted, that an Army is raifed by the
50 Presbyterian Scots 5 againft whom the Bifhops contribute and raife among
theClergiegrcatfumsofmony, for maintaining of an Army againft the Pref- ' ;
byterians. The next year, about the 27. of March^ the King begins his journy i ^ 3 9«
for Scothmd^ whom his Army followed under the eondud of the E^arl otAnm-
del, accom.panied with moft of the Englifh Nobility ■■, the two Armies pitched
their Tents in view of each other, but there was no refolution or defire in
either fide to fight , therefore a Peace was concluded the fame year in Jnfte :
Hhhh 2 but
(544 The Second Tart of the Book. VI.
An.Chrifii but when the King returned to London^ the Articles of the Peace were pub-
c*^v'Vj likely burned, which again incenfed the Scots^ fo that the next year they raifed
^ ^^* another Army 5 upon which the Ring fummons a Parliament in ^/?r//, for
raifing ofmony and new forces againft the .yc<?^j' 5 but finding his people a-
verfe either to contribute men or mony , he diflblves the Parliament in A^ay^
which both difcontented the Englifhj and encouraged the Scots, on the 17.
oi Aitgiijl following, to enter England , and poflelle themfclves of Ncar^J^/e.
Hereupon the King raifeth new forces to refift the Scots 3 but the new-raifed
Souldiers grew mutinous, killed divers of their Officers , and would neither
march nor fight: Yet the Clergie defiftednot to animate both the King and jq
people againit the Scots , and in their Convocation gave a great fumme to
maintain the war. The Lords are commanded to attend the King in this
Northern expedition.
About the midll; of Oltobcr the former year , the Spanifh Fleet, clofe by the
Englifli (hore, for want of powder and ammunition ( which they alleadged
T the King had promifed them ) were defeated by the Hollanders : There were
''iPi this Fleet 8oco Spaniards, which fhould have been planted among the
.Wallons^ andfomany of themtobetranfported into Spain. About the fame
timealfo, a Bill is exhibited againft the Londoners, for fome mifdemeanors
committed by their Under-officers about London-Dcrry ; wherefore in the 20
Star-chamber the Londoners are fined , and their Plantation forfeited to the
King, whereuptni the Citizens would not contribute or advance any fums
of mony towards this expedition againft the Scots. When the King (aw he
could raife no mony,and that the common-fouldiers would not engage 5 upon
theearneft intrcaties of the Lords,he fummons a Parliament at lVejiminjicrjih&
3. o^ November.
But before we conclude this Hiftory, I will fpeak a little more fully of thefe
fatal begun troubles in Scotland. When the King underftood what Forces
, were raiiing there, he fends to Marquis Douglajje , to the Earle oiNidfdale, to
3 °" Tn/r/;/^/?' the Treafurer, to fi^xW^A and other Lords of his fide, to be ready go
with their Forces : but the Covenanters feife upon all the arms and ammuni-
on in Scotland^ and fend icoco foot, with 40Cohorfe, and 50 pceces of canon,
againft Abcrdea^ which held out for the King , and whither he meant to fend
great forces. Of the Nobility that ftood out for the King , were iibout twenty
Lords and Earls, of the Covenanters about eight and twenty. When the King
was come to Banvicl{, he underftood that the 6V0/J Army was divided into
two bodies, one under Hw/^/c, of 8000. not far from Banrtck^t, the other of
,500c. under 'johnjlon neer Carlrjk. Tothefe the King fends his Heralds with
a Proclamation, commanding them not to come ueer the borders of England^
for then he will conftrue it as an invafion : They on the other fide fend him ^o
a Petition, defiring their complaints may be heard , and grievances redreffed.
Upon this, Ariindd with other Lords are named by the King to confer with
the Scots Commillloners , and to know their grievances : They defire that
the King would by Parliament ratifie the Articles of Glafcoro. 2. That all
Church-aflairs in Scotland may be determined by their Generall AflemblieSj
and that all Civil matters may be decided by Parliament, which they defire
may be held every fecond or third year. 3. That the A^ing would withdraw
both his Ships and Land-forces , and reftore to the Scots thtiv Ships again.
/I. Th;it all the hicendiaries and feditious perfons who were fled into En^and,
may be ft nt home to be trycd and puniftied. 5. That the King would confirm $0
their Lawcs, Religion, and Priviledges.
The King was not well plea fed with thcfe particulars i therefore the Lord
LovoMv ded'res him , that he would but confirm their Religion and Liberties
accordinig to the Ecclefiaftical and Civil lawes oiScotland^zwd^ that fliould con-
tent them : Upon this, the King declares, Thar he will confirm the Canons of
the Afiembly oi Olafcow^ concerning the abolition of the Liturgie, High-
Commiffion,
Chap. 3^. . Hifhry of the IVorld, 6i\^
Conimiffion, Book of Onions, with the five Articles of Pt-r//)^ That the Mini- -^n.ChnJl
llcrs Ihallbebound to take noother Oath at their admilUon-, but what is pre- \.,/~Y~\j )
fcribed in Pailiamcnt , and that thcBiftiops fliallftand to the ccnfine of the
General Aliembly of GV^z/tiirpj, and thatall things lliall be determined by the
Atlembly and Parliament which fhall beheld in Edinburgh the next yj'ig'iji, in
which an Ad ofOblivion (hall pafle, and at which he will be piefent himfelf ;
and withall he promifeth to reftore their fhips and goodsjand to recall his fleet,
conditionally they will difarm and disband their Armies, and diilulvc their
tables and meetingSj and that they will reftore his Forts and Caftles, with their
10 Ammunition, iM likewife the Crown,Scepter and Swordjwith his other Royal
ornaments 5 and belides, that they wilHufFer his good fubjefts to enjoy their
lands and liberties, which have been detained from them fince the laft
Aflembly.
The peace being concluded, and the Armies disbanded, the King is received
into Eclnigburgh with great folemnity , and his Caftles are rellored , on condi-
tion that they Qiall not be viftuallcd for above four and twenty hours at a
time. But Ihortly after the King declared, that he would have the BiiLops^r^^ -.-?»
in the General Aflembly, which was denied 5 and the Biftiops were excomuni- '
cated, and withal two hundred thouflmd pounds is demanded to be raifed up- *
*20 on the Bifliops lands and efta^es , for fatisfadlion of the damages luftained by
the detention of theftiips in EugUnd: the Parliament then fitting , rather fa-
voured theAllembly thenhindredit, or difcountenanced their proceedings,
wherefore the King would have adjourned rhe Parliament till j'/mi: the next
year, which could not be aflented to:, but four Deputies are fent to the King to
compofe all differences. In the interim, new forces are raifed both \n England j^aq;
and Ireland, whilft the Scots Commiflioners arekindly entertained at Court;
but the Scots being jealous (becaule their Commiffioners wercfo long de-
tained in fufpence) that the King meant to keep them as prifoners, when his
Army was ready to march, they feized upon two E nglijh holds ^ whom they
50 meant to detain till their Commiflioners were returned.
The Presbyterian Scots underftanding that hoth the Armies of England
and Ireland were ready to march , enter prefently into a Covenant which they
called National, and tax the tenth part of their eftates toward maintenance
of the war:, fixteen thoufand men are raifed under the conduft oi Argik^to
guard the Sea-coaft, and hinder the Irifli forces from landing : The like num- '
ber is to be in readinefl'e againft the King begins his march. They would not
lutter Gencrall Ruven^ governour then of Edinbnrgh-C'^\WG, to repair a part of
the y/all that was fallen down^ nor would they fufFer the Garrifon-fouldiers to
go out and in, but at their devotion^ therefore they place a guard of five
40 hundred men before the Caftle gate, and raifed a Fortin the Town to keep the
Caitle in awe , and raifed a Rampart to keep off the bullets that might be lliot
againft the City.
Meanwhile the E;?^////; Fleet puts to Sea 5 and the Land-forces of £«^/ii«^
conllfting of forty thoufand, are divided into three bodies, under H.i;////;<?;7,
Gonng^ivAKorthiimberland. The Scots main body con lifted of thirty thou-
fand under General L?//)' in tothien^ the reft of their Army was employed to
guard the borders and coafts on all fides, to wit, fix thoufand under the Lord
Levifion nc-av Kclfr^ Lothicn and J(7^«/o« had the command of eight thoufmd
on the Wcilern marches :, Rothes and Lindfey commanded fifteen thoufand in
50 i'-?/-, MonirolJe and the Earl iI/.?>y7A?/ encamped near Jberdcn \v\x.h. twelve
thoufand, befides they had a garrifon of two thoufand within the City. Argik
guards the coaft on the Iriih-feas with fixteen thoufand. In the interim the
Lord Lt'ir ./r« one of the four Scots Commiflioners, is fent to the Tower, for
havingabout himacopyof the Scots Declaration which had been burned.
This inccnfed the Scots fo much the more, complaining that the imprifoning
cf iheir Conimifficner was againft the I avv of Nations 5 the King fends Com-
miflioners
666 "The Second ^art of the Book V I .
An.Chrifii miirioners to examine him in the Tower,to whom he would not anfwer, being
■**^^°'^^~'*«- d.{\.\h]f^Ctoi Scotland^ where he ought to be examined and tried by his Peers^
and aho told them^that what he was accufed of was afted before tlie Pacifica-
tion 1639. when an Act of oblivion paffed. Hereupon he is enlarged and im-
ployed by the Ring in a new Commiffion into Scotland 5 to fettle the troubles
there.
Whilftthefe things are afting 5 Edinburgh raifeth two Batteries againd: the
Caftle , the great Ordnance play upon each other without any great hurt ■-, at
length the Governour is fummonedto deliver up the Caftle within fifteen
dayes^ which time being expired, and the Caftle not likely to be furrendrcd, j^
the great Artillery from the batteries plaid fo furioully on it, that a breach was
made in the wall :, there were alfo two Mines fprung which did great hurt, the
Governours fon loft his arm by a canon-bullet:, at laft they come to a parley ,the
Governour defires to acquaint the King with the ftate of the Caftle before he
deliver it up, which was granted by the City, and fo followed a ceifation from
hoftility. TheScots in the interim (,'whofe intention at firft was onely to ftand
.i),^fMi their own defencej to keep their fouldiers from idlencfle, enter Ffn\Und
,,with thirty thoufand:^ fifteen thonfand march \r\to Cumberland ^ and the
other fifteen thoufand xnlo'Northitmbcrland ^ with a Declaration that they
come in as friends, not as enemies , for no other end but to have a ratification 20
of the laft years Treaty; they promife alfo to take nothing but what they fliall
pay for.
The King being at T<?rj^ with fix thoufand horfe, and eighteen thoufand
foot, underftood that the Scots were marching towards Nevecajile ^ therefore
fends fifteen hundred horfc, with a battalion of Infantry to difputethe paf-
fage over the T;;/e 5 askirmilh followed, in which four hundred of the Fnghfi
werefiain, and two hundred Scots, whofe Army being far greater then the
other, eaufed them to retreat. Then the Scots for two hours lay fiegeto Nejv-
cajile, which upon the firft fummons opened their gates. Then the Scots make
themfelves mafters of Hanpool ^ and of twoCaftleson the T/we. Upon this the ^q
King fends to them to know their demands , and withall diflWades them from
advancing any further with their Army c, the Scots return a petition to the
King , wherein they defire a free parliament for ending of all differences, and
fetling of a folid peace t the Enghjl.) Lordsbeing aflembled at Tork , defire like-
wife of the King that he would call a Parliament,which at laft was afiented to,
and five and twenty thoufand pounds Sterling was affigned to the Scots
towards the defraying of their charges ; in the mean time the Caftle of Edin-
burgh is delivered up, and fome Englijh horfe, with five hundred of their foot,
("which were fent from Barwick to Dunce ^ to carry av^ay nine peeces of
Ordnance left there by the Scots) are defeated and flain by the Lord Had- ^q
dington.
Hitherto we have feen King Charles in his glory : but now , \Nox atra caput
lirgil, f^jjii circjimvohit un/bra'] The bright day of his Reign is overcaft with a dark
and dilmal cloud. The morning of his day ftiined out clear, but it was fhut up
jn a difinal evening :
§lHem dies vidit veniens [uperbnm
Seneca, Hunc dies -vidit ftigiens jacentefff.
Whovt Pha?bus rifing fare rcith Glory crotmd^
WmWtxhws fating fees jUt on the ground. 5°
In the tragedy of his life , we may fee the cataftrophe of hutuane fclidty.
Kings are crowned with thorns as well as with gold, and with Veter they
walke upon the waters ^ their heads like Neburhadnczzars Image are
of gold, but their feet are of clay, they live like gods, but dye like
men :
^fquam
Chap. t^6. Hijlory of the TForld,
lO
^I'jquar/inc regno gmtdet .<? O fiL'ax bomwi^
^idutitm }/i!ilonif?i^ quam front e biinda tcgk .<?
"Vt tiltu vent OS fcfj/pcr exciphttttjiiga ,
Bupit/iqiti' j jxh vajlu dirimcntemfreta^
^uiiivk quiet i verbcrant fiu&m maris :
Jwpcrtajir excelJafortun£ objacent.
J! hn'l dote on Kingdomes ? 0 mans vanitie !
II bat mifchiefs under fmil/ng faces lie ."?
Asjiorms rage moji on Hils^ and as the Rockj
U hi ch fart th e Sea, areftibjeS to its kjtoekj :
So higheji rrincipalities and Crowns
Are liable to angry Fortunes frowns.
And here I will conclude, being arrived into the wifli'dfor Harbour ;
C^ nunc immcnfitmfpdtik confecimm £qtwr : I have failed over a great Sea, and
it's time to caft anchor. I will not venture upon theftormy rock?,quick-fandsj
contrary tides, and whirlpools of thefe laft ten years , left I make fliipwiJ'sI.,--ci'
and fo be forced to hang up my wet cloaths in Neptunes temple : Ne me tabula \
facer votiva paries indicet uvida fufpendife potenti vefiimenta mark Deo. In the
20 rncan while , let us befeech Almighty God, who hath fet bounds to the Sea,
and to its proud waves, whoholdeth the winds in his fift, whofeword is ful-
filled by fire and hail, fnow, vapour and ftormy wind, that he will be pleafed
to appeafe this ftorm which hath lafted fo many years among us, and fo
affwage this tempeftuous wind, worfe then Euroclydon, which vexed St. Faul
and his paflengers ^ that he would bring again the Sun and Stars folong hid
from us, and that he would conduft the weather-beaten (hip of this Church
and State into the harbour of Tranquility^ that at laft enjoying fome ferenity
and HalciondayeSjWe may fit fecurely under our Vines and Fig-trees, and fing
the fongs of Sion in our own Land. Jmen.
F I 5\CI S.
i.
A BRIEF
CHRONOLOGY
OF THE
Principal Paflages
Fain out in the
WORL
FROM THE
ii5MACE'D0D^IA:Ni KINGDOM,
TILL
The laft Ten Year^:
Divided into
i8o D E c A D s, containino; 1800 Years •
B Y
LON D 0 N
Printed for John Clarke , and are to bee fold at his Shop,
Entring into Mercers-Chappel, at the lower end o^Cheapftde.
M. DC. LIL
— — ^^^
r rx
JlCI
. ^\
a:d'v)klf<.'!
o;n! :i--"
\ /i
0 \'\\ a^r^
TO THE
RIGHT WORS HI PFULL
S^ I U S T I N I A N E I S O.M
'-nLH^rf^^'
KNIGHT and BARONET.
1
.H i > o r
SIX;
S iAeneas after /even Years
tofsing and tumbling up-
on the impetuous Billows
of the angry and enraged
Sea {Ter Syrtes (sr mhojpita
faxd) was at laft: lo happy
as to caft Anchor in his
long-wifhd for Harbour,
(^Seaes uhi Fata quictas oUen-
dmt-'), So I having fbme Years croffed the Ocean of
History^ (where likewife I have been eroded by
Storms and contrary Winds and Tides)at laft have
flieltered my Weather-beaten Hiftoricall-Ship,
under the Lee-fliore of a knowing and honour abie
fiatmj, I have adventured alfb to fecure this
Qmnoiogtcall i^jcy^-'Bo^f under the Cllffe of your
ProteUion^ being throughly acquainted with your
Worth, Ingenuity, and Learning, That Latin^
Tiece you fet me upon , wherein I fhew how farr
fhort the Latin 'Poets are oiVirgillM not as yet come
toperfeftion; inthe interim I was defirous, as an
liiix earncft
The Epiftie vemcATO^.
earned of that, to prefent you with this Piece ; not
doubting but ere long I fhallbeabletogive a full
account of my Pains in the other; So with a thank-
full recognition of your Favours towards mCa I
take leave, and will ever be found
Your humhk Jen ant ^
Alexander Rossi.
$ftft««MMMMM«MHMM*«M«ik(IM(l
d BKlEr
v3ff '??f3 vVy
!r tfTfTT (*!•? •?;1'? rJ'l'^T TfttT rtr? fi"? a'r? wiT iXv rfr? t:»r.rT t<jT -^ro i:\Jfr «'o eilra t^trr t»W
ip r.. ;. 7 c:iL::3 i >4^ ^io Cji;? ci^ cjjtp Cii^ c^
cj;^ wp^ c^i^'j iiij.,^
A brief
CHRONOLOGIE
Of the Principall PafTages fince the end of the
Macedonian Kingdome till thefe prefent TimeSjaccording
to the years of C H R i s T, before or after his Birth ;
Divided into Decads.
Onathit! brother to Judas is made General of the Jewes.
Demef r//<^«ncroacheth on his Neighbours, is overcome and (lain by A-
/txaMJerthefiippofed fon ot'Efiphanes.
The Dalmatian War, and then the SpanijI? under ClaudHs^ LucuUus, and
Sci^io.
Simon fucceedeth Jonath jf, he takes Gaza, rafeth SioH,^c. is flain with his two fons Matta-
thiof and Judaf ; John efcapeth.
Ttolomy Fhyjcon or Ewrgefw marrieth C/eo^ii/rat the mother, kills her fon, and then mar-
rieth her daughter.
The third Punic War, and Carthage deftroycd.
.148
yofc« HjTdnMj fuccecds his father, befiegeth PfoZomy, makes peace with Amiochuf Pius , de-
molifhcth the Temple on Mount Garizim^ reneweth the League with the Romans, be-
lieeeth and tikes Samana,
The Servil war in Sidlj. Numantia deftroyed.
Demetrius freed from the Parthian captivity, to him fucceeds his fon Antiochus Gryphm.
Fabius rccovcreth Lufttania, and cuts offthe right hands of all the Rebels. Pompey is beaten
by the Nitmantines.
Antiochus Qzicetius brotherto Grypw, makes war againft hirtl. — — j jg
ptolomy Lathmus or Lamyrus reigns fonryears with his Mother, by whom he is expelled.
The Romans make war againft the Thracians, and Dalmatians, znd Mithridates King of
Pontus and Jugurtha.
Ariftobutus the firfi King of Jud£a fince Zedechias.
Ptolomy Lathurus kills his Mother, and afliimes again the Governmeht.
The Romans make war againft the Cymbrians.
Alexander Jamn^us fon ofHircamSt brother to Ariftobulus, obtains divers Viftories againft
his enemies.
Vtolomy Alexander, Cteopatra^s bther fon, is forced by her to marrV Selene, taken from Vto-
lomy Latkurus by Cleopatra.
Atiitme,Mete//wisbanifhcdand revoked. M/n'w raifeth fedition at home, and fiirs un
Mithridatcs abroad. Ftttilius condemned for extortion in Afia. Livius Drufus flain for
railing fedition. The Marft and others in Italy make war againft the Romans.
Hatthd,
•108
■98
A brief Chromhye
Yciis bcf. chr
6Z
58-
4S-
Hmina the Prophetefle bccometh a widow ; thePharifees overcome Alexander ; he cruci-
ficth the authors of the Rebellion, and kills their wives and children; he talis fick ot'a
Qtiartan Ague, which held him three years till his death.
Tigranes King oi Armenia is invited by the Syrians, over whom he reigneth 18. years in
peace.
Aret.f! King of Arabia obtaineth Vamafius, by killing Anfmhus Vionyfius the fifth brother
of St le licit s.
Lathams returns to his Kinedome of M^y^t.
PoOTpe), father to Pompe)' the Great,defeateth the Pic-eni, with others, ^cyftr overcommcth the
Samnites. Sulpitius flain by Scylla,Cato by the Marfi, O&aviiis and Meruh hyCinna. Stylk
hath divers Viftories. Rome befieged by MarinSyCarbo, Cinna and Sertorius. Vompey kil-
led with thunder, Cinm ftoned, Marius flain.
Alexandra Sabonfie, wife ofjamn^us, great with the Pharifees.
Vtolomy Anletes, fo called from his delight in Mufical Inftruments, King of JEg^fU he was
:r^Athcr to Cleopatra the wife of M.Antony, he dieth about this time.
Antiochus Cizkerus lurks in Ci/icid till Tigrd^iej was defeated by LhcuUuSj who again re-
ftores him to his Kingdome of Syria.
htRome., 5cj//<t tyrannizeth, then dieth. Le/>fA5 defeated. Serforiw rebels in Spain, who
beats Pompey and Metellus, Mithridates overcome by Lucullus, the Dardani by ScriboniuSy
Calfius by SpartacPs,v/ho is at laft defeated and flain by Crajfus: Nicomedes of Bithynia
makes F-ome his heir ; It's made a Province.
Arijlobubis poflefleth two and twenty Caftles, overcomes Hircamis, and depofeth him. An-
tipater, Herods father, attempts the reftoring of Hircanus. Aretas. the Arabian befiegeth
Arijiohdus in Jerufalem, the fiegc raifcd by Vompey, who takes Jerufalem ; he heareth at
Damafcus the difference between the two brothers, and giveth the Prieflhood to Hirca^
nus, but not the Kingdome, and carrieth AriftobulusyNith his two fons to Kbme, Alexan"
der the younger efcapeth.
Syria with Cilicia is made a Province by Vompey ; ligranes fubmits to him, who depofeth
Antiochus for not keeping his Kingdome when he had it.
At Rome the Capitol is rebuilt. Metellus ends the three years war in Crete, called therefore
Creticus. Pomppyends the Pyratical war, and hath divers viftories. Cflfe/i/JwConfpi-
racy defeated. Clodius defloureth Vompeia. Vompey triumpheth. Helvetians attempt
Gahle.
Alexander the Jew fubmits to Gabinus, then rebels, and is defeated. Crajfus robs the Tern*
pie ofjerujalem.
\n Syria., Gabiniiif IS Prefident ; he brings feventeen millions to Rome, is banifhed, and
Craj]iu fcnt in his place, who was flain by the Parthians, and melted gold put in his
mouth. The Parthians expelled out of Syria by Caijius.
In Aig)pt,?tolomy is depoftd by his Subjefts,is reftorcd by Pompey ; his daughter whom tho
jEgyptians made their Queen, ftrangleth her husband, and marriith one Archelaus ;
buth are killed by Gabinius, when Ptolomy Was reftored ; To him fucceeds Ftolomy Vio-
nyftiis, with his fifter and wife Cleopatra.
At Rome, Crajfus, Pempey, zndC^far make a league; C^far fubducs the Galliceans, hath J/-
lyria and Gfule ailigned him for five years, makes war with the Gauls nine years, defca-
tcth Jriovifius, makes an attempt upon Brittain, envied by Pompey, he had many vifto-
ries, he retains his Army tor his own defence. Cicero banifhed and reftored.
^rf,'?<;J'j,7;« releafcd by Cjj/ar, and flain by the Pompeians, his fon ^/ex(i«i/er beheaded by
Scipio at Anticch. Antipater made Governour of J«^*a,who makes Phafelus his eld.fl fon
Governor ot Jer ufalem, znd Herod of Galilee, who was in danger for executing EzechiM
thcthief, but acquitted by Hyrcams. The Jews made Citizens of Rome. Antipater poy-
foned by Malichus, and is killed by Herod, whom CajfiHS makes Governour of Cjcla-Sy-.
• rta. Antigonusfori of Arifiobulus invades G<j///ee, whom Hero^ expelleth, who with Pha-
felus are made Tetrarchs of Judxa by Antony. Ant^enui takes Jerufalem by nieanes of
Prtferw
of the principal Taffau^es^ &c.
Pitforw the Parthian, and (ends Hircams and Vhajdus bound to Galilee. Phajdus da/heth
ont his own brains. Herod d'caped'into ^ypt.
In M^ypt,Ptolortiy banifheth CkopatrajViho takes defar for her Proteftor. Ptohmies Tutors
kill Pompey. Ptolomy defeated by C^r/ar, and is drowned. Alexandria and the Libiai-y
4)urntbyC^yirr, who fetltth C/eof>(«r(t ; fhepoyfoneth her brother, and kills her fiftcr
Arfmoe ; flje diflblvts a Pearl in Vinegar ; Antony dozt^ on her.
At Ko.vic,the civil war between C^yir and Pompey lafted four years; Powpey defeated in
P/jrtrya.'J(t, and flyeth into ^j!)pf-, Cxfar hath divers Viftories, and is made Diftator;
Pompej'j i*bn ftirred up by Cato and others to r-encw the war ; Scifio flain-, Cato kills
him fel f ; 6>^ fubdues Africk^ makes Numidia a Province, defeats Pompey's Con in 5pain,
■ and kills him, rcformes the Kakndar, and is flain with 23 wounds.
T. lis itf. Chf-
Heroi made King oiJU;fM^ gets many Viftories, takes Joppe, recovers Gd/i/ee, overthrows " ^
Anfjgonus, marries Mar.iamne the Neece of Hircanus, takes Jerufalem, and beheads Antigo- f
ms-, {o ends the A(rnon3eanRace; Ariftebulus drowned by Hero^; he overcomes the j
Arabians, and puts HircattMSto death, and is at Rhodes confirmed King.
Syria is regained by Fentidius from Pacorus the Parthian.
htRcme,06iavrusind Antony ar« reconciled ; Sext.Pompeius feizethonthe Corn going
for ilome, with whom OSawwhsth war; at laft Pompey flyeth into ParfAw, and is kil-
led. Lepf</w refijins his Triumvirate, ^ztojy hath bad fucceffe in Parffeid j The Dalma-
tian and Panonianwar; .(^/ric^, 5^«<iert, and 5'pdi« fubdued ; Mauritania made a Pro-
vince ; divers ether places fubduetf j Vdfavius and Antony at variailcc about Cleopatra;
the battel at Aciium; Antony is defeate<J, and kils himfelf.
In Judaa, Mariarrne executed, with Aletcandra, arid others oiAntigonus his Faftion by He-
; rod; His buildings at Jerufalem, at Samaria, which he called Sebaftc, and Crf/aria, called
Stratons Tower.
In ^p^pf,C/eowfra kills her felf; ^/ypt is made a Province.
At Rome, the Temple oi Janus is (hut ; O&avius triumphetb, and is called Auguflus. Gal/us
Prefident of JE^yft is baniflied, and kilis himfelf j Sfaifi fiibdued j the Pantheon built ;
Tyber breaks hi upon Rome.
In Jud^aiHerodhaYAs aTemple of white Marble to Augujius, recdifieth the Temple of Je-
rufalem, and builds the Tower Antoniay he brings back his twofons from Rome. Agrippa
entertained by Herod zt Jerusalem j he accufeth his two fons Ariftob. and Alexander by
Mariamne.
At Rowe, /^HfK.^HX confines the Senate to a lelleiiumbci; Agri^a recovereth the Roman
Enfigns taken by Mithridates, and regains the Colours which were loft by Crajfus and
. • Antony. Augujius adopteth Agrippa's fons by his daughter. Agripfa overcommeth the
, Spanifh flaves, and the feofphorijbut refufeth a Triumph. T'iberius fubdueth the Panonii,
and is made Colleague to .(^Kg«/?«5. Drw/Hf overcommeth the Frifians.
In Jud^a, Herod is reconciled to AugufhUf he accufeth his fons, and they are executed. An-
tipater confpireth againfl his father,and is put to death ; A Tax is impoled on the Jews
by Cy'renius. John the Baptift is born, and fix moneths after bur Saviour Jefus Chrift :
Hfro^comman<3s the children of BefWeewtQ be murthered, he diethfhortly after; Arche-
Iws fucceeds : AntipaterTctnrch of Galilee, and Phihf of Trachonit it: At the Pafleover
3 000. J ws flain.
At Rome, Claudius the fon of Drufus is born, Drufus is killed with a fall from hishorfe :
Tiberius triumpheth, and hath the Tribunes power for five years, to keep under Caius
and Lucius, Aiguftushh Mephews : A general Tax over the Roman world; theTemple
of Janus (hut the third time. Varus Prefident of Syria pillagcth the countrey. Caius
C^far parteth Herods lands among kis children. Lol/ius being accufed of Treafon,
fltw himfelf. Au^uftus forbids any man to call him Lord.
Kkkk 2
Chrift
— 28
— 18
A brief Chronologie
rears ofchrifl,
I —
ic-
20-
3C —
Chrift is born in Bethleem.Archelauf confirmed by At^uflus.ChriR flyr-th into M^p.Arche-
bus marrieth inceftuoufly with his brother Alexanders widow 5 is acdilcd to the Senate
for his cruelty, for which he is banifhed to F/eww ^ hadjudxa annexed to the Province
of Syria.
At Rome,Auguflus adopteth Tiberius. Armenia is left by the Parthian to theRomam. Ario-
barzOiies go\ernour oi Armenia. CiMnaconfpirethagainft^«£«/}w, is pardoned and
madcConful. Agri^pa Nephew to AuguflHS baniflied for his infolen cits; and J«/w,^m-
guftus his daughter for adulterv. Germanicus makes War in Valmatia. Ovid baniflied.
Vefpafian born . Magicians and Aftrologers expelled Rome-i tlie Panonians fge for peace.
In jH^^edjthe Samaritans prophane the Temple; Chrift difputeth there : Judas Gaulonites
raifeih a fedltion. C£Jarea Philippi built by Philip the Tetrarchj in honour of Auguftus.
The Jews are expelled Rome and Italy , and employed againft the Samaritans. In Syria
ifj.^arus is governour; he being defeated by ArminiuSj kils hireielf in Germany.
The Romans under Tiherius break league with the Gc<:h?, who therefore ivafte M£/ia.
Auguftits dieth ntNola-yTiherius ruccceds,who puts^^ 'ppa to death^and famiilieth Julian
Tyber ovcifloweth. Germanicus hath divers viftorx'es , and triumpheth over the CattZy
&c. not long after he is poyfoned by Pifo^ whc being accufed of this murther kils
himfelf. Ze?jo king of ^rwe/Hrf makes peace with P<fltAiM.
In Jttdxa,fHate is prcfident,who upon the Jews threatsjremoves his ftandards wiih the fta-
tue oijiberiuSi out of the Templeinto Cafarea : He takes alio tlic Corban or Treaiure
out of the Temple, and with it pays for the pnblique water-works. Herod Antipas
buildsTjieriaSi divorceth his wife Areta, atid marrieth Herodias his brother philifs vvife,
and then beheadeth the Baptiftj for which he is defeated by the Arabians : Ghrift is Bap-
tized. ..,,>.,■
At Rom^i the Playcrfeare expelled the City : Pompey'^s Theatre repaired by tyberius^ and
the ftaiue of 5e/d/iK^ erefttd in it. Livia poyfoneth her husband Drttfus^ and lyetli
with ^ejdwwj who dtftroys the friends of GerffKrmcw. Tacfarinas killed by Dolobella.
Sejanus put to death, his Ton ftrangled, his daughter dcBoured, then murthred. 7?"-
beriisf^6cth into Campania^thcn to Capfe^^ upon the burning of Mount C^lius. Agrip^
piriahiati^ Nero to "Domitins. At Fiden£t\\e. Amphitheater kils with its fall 50000.
people, liberius his hatred againft the family oiGermamcus. In this ten years fpace
the French^Thracians, and Frijians rebell.
TT:^
In Jiidsd Chrift fuflercth, after him St. Stephen ; and St. Jamts is Bi/hdp ofjerufdem .- the
"DifcipUs areperfecnted", St. Poulytht Eunuch, sndlSamariacon-vencd. PdwZ preachcth
in Arabia, Jamis in Spain. Peter healeth JEna^, and railcth fabitha. Cotiielius converted;
Vaid and Barnabas expelled Antiochhy the Jews. Pilate \vrites to Tiberius about Chrifts
Miraclts. Herod Agrippa imprifoncd at; Rotfie for wifRing Tiberius dead; he is releafed by
Caligula, and made King of Judear, and gives him a golden Chain which he hanged up in
theTemple. Pfoi/ip dyeth, his Tetrarchy annexed to -Sjrw. Hero^ ban i(htd by Cf7/;('«7<i
■ to £iom,whom Herodias follows, his Tetrarchy is given to jigrippa. Qaiphas the Hi^h-
Piitft kills himfelf.:. : . . ,; "^
At R6me,Ncro (on of derwatiieus \s ftafVedby Tiherm, (6 was Agrippina. wife to Germani-'
cus. Tiberius rageth and tyrannizeth over the people and Nobility; he hath war,then
makes peace with Artabanus King ofParthia. Caligula fucceeds, he fpends a hundred
millions in three years, abufeth his three fifterS, wiflicd the Romans had but one
fleck, makes himfelf a God, execuicth many innocent people in fport, pillageth
France 3ind Spain, employes his Arniy to father Cocklc-flidls on the Br/7f;/??fliore;
he had two books called the Sword and Dagger, in which he writes the names of
thofc he meant to murther. Ner'o the Emperour, and Titui VefJ>afian are born.
la
of the principal Vafages^Sac.
In jK^^(j,CHma«w theGovernourmaintainctha faftion between tTfie Jews and Samari-
tans, which was the deftruftion of many; wherefore he is banifliwJ, and F«lixf<t in
his ihce;. whomarrieth Vrufilk, /^gri^pa's fitter , and puts Jonathan the Hlgh-prieft to
dfeathjand tyrannizeth over the Jews. To FxHx fucceeds Portius Fejlus. Lvdia.and Den-
nit the Areopasite. Julius and Cri/pw are converted. Paw/ writes his tvvo Epiflles to the
Theljalonhns, his firftEpiftle toTirriothy , his two Epiftles to the Corinthians, to Tnti^s, to
the" Koma/zj, and his other epiftles. St. L«/^e writes his Gofpel. Philip is crucified at
Hierapolif. Pirn/fighteth with bcafts atEpfce/Wjralfcih Ewicfcwj isimpriroried'atC<tya/e<jj
appeals to C^far : his fhip-wrack and imprifcnment.
At Rome is a great famine. Neto tnarrieth OBavk, d ^bghter t6 Claudius , who hfjcri^-
finah'is wife is poyfoned. CrtrsSrfCMJ General of the-BritalnsbroUght to Some. Nero
fucceeds to C/a«(/iw,a good Emperour for the firft five years ; h.' poyfoneth Britani-
cus, fearing that Jgrippina would maTce him Emperour : He builds an Arnphitheati c
in Campo in<trtis. 7«'WJ Temple (hut the fifth time. y^rMxafrt the chief City of ^^rme-
wirf taken by Corbalo. Pop^sa .^atiwd becomes Nero'f Concubine: ht commits inccft
with his mother, then murthers her; heinftitutes the Quinquennal games^ called
N^ronia : a thunder-bolt ftruck the Cup out of his hand: he coiflmitted many works
. .i.: <l)£darkncs in the night. - '
In Jud^UyXhe Jews zni Agri^fa differ, about aProfpeCt whichhccrcftedohhishoiirc.
Jlnnanias High-Pritft, and fon oiAmm , is depofed for ftoning of St. James. Jejus A-
. nanitsioretth Jernfalems deftruftion.^gri/>j>a beautificth Cie/iiredPfcifippfjand cals itNero-
niades. The building of the Temple is finifhed : ftrange Prodigies and A-^^piritions
were feen at Jevufcflem. Florus for his cruelty is flain by the Jews,and fix thoufand Plo-
nlans. y^grippaftonedout of the City. Vefiafranis fent thither, who takes divers places,
TifHi is left to end the war. Three faftions in JerH/d/em , with a horrible famine, in
whichawoman eatherchilde; at laftit istakenbyTifw. i ,
In Rome, Nero kils his wife OHavia, and marrieth his Whore Pop^£a t by ^uetoniKS he over-
comes the Brittans, and expels Vologefustht Parthian king out of y^rme«M : in a wo-
rilans habit he marrieth Pythagoras ; he fees Rofne on fire, and fings Homers Iliades.Upon
• thedifcovering of a plot, he kils Seneca, Lwan-, and many more: he kicks Popfoea
g eat with childe, and kils hej;. He crowns Jiridates king of Armenia, at Rome. He goeth
into Greece with hisFidlers, marrieth 5porw an Eunuch ; attempts to cut the 7/?/7mw
in Velotfowiefus : is proclaimed an enemy to the State,and murthers himfelf. Galba fuc-
cc- ds, who is flain by Offco; he kils himfclf being defeated by Fitellius , v/ho alfo after
flint moiieths is killed. " ~" ~ "
', written his
\heA'is; St.
In Judsix, Vetronm is commanded by Caligula to fet up his ftatue in the Temple. Agrippa
having obtz'wxd Jernfalem ?.nd. Samaria of Claudius without tribute, was ftruck with
vermin and died. J«^a again is made a Province. Jheu^M iov an infi ircftion is be-
headed. Vdul and Biniab^ ftay two years at Iconim. St. Miffhew Wiites his Gofpel.
The name Chriftians begins at ^«tiecfc; St. Jamej is beheaded ; St. Pefer delivered out
of prifon miraculoufly ; St. M^rl^ is Bifhop of Alexandria ; Y'aul ftoned at Lyjira; thi
Apcftles Synod nt Jerufalem ; Barnabas and Mdri^ faile to Gvprw; Vaul and 9>7jf p.i(re
through Syria ; Timothy is circunicifed ; Many Jews fmothcred between th^ Temple-
Gates upon a fedition.
At Rome, Cri/igH/(T is flain. Claudius fucceeds; his wife fAejfa Una infatiablein luft: He
makes war with theBritains, from which he cals his fon Britanicm : He depriveth
the i?.fcoii(jw of their priviledges , for killing fome Romans. Vefpatian goeth into
Britain; he renews the fecular Play es. MCj^Z/zM and her Paramour .9i/iH.f are both
flain. Claudius marrieth Agrippina his brother Germanicus daughter, who by her per-
fWifions adopts her fon Nero, and recals 5e«eca,whom he makes his Tutor.^ejjxr/ia^J
t. kes the Ifle oflP^ight ; zr^dClaHdins,Orkriey : theBritains and Piftsyeeld to the til)-' b^
mans. Afinius PoUio is banifhed ; and Valerius ^theConful kils himfclf.
TheChurch begins to be persecuted generally under Z\/ero. St MaW;hr,ving
Gofpel from St. Luh^s mouth, is flain at Alexandria : St. Lh/;^ writes tl.^ ^ ,^ , - -.
Paul returns into Italy-, and writes his fecond Epifile to Timothy, lofeph ofAr.imc.th^a
converts theBritains: theChriftians are feCretly warned out of /er/r/rf/ew. St.Iokitis
Gofpel
'•i of Chill.
-40
■50
'6q
A brief Qhronolo^je
Tears of Cbift.
80^
fC-
Gofpel written at Ephefus ; Peter and Paul fufFer at Komtt Menander the Heictickj
father of the Gnofticks, makes himfclf the Saviour of man. The Nazarensobferve
the Law with the Gofpel.
In Judaa^ Titus comnlands the two Drachmes ufually offered to the Temple, to be payed
to the Capitol ; the ornaments and wealth of the Temple brought to Kerne, and laid
up in the Temple of Peace. Many miferies befall the Jews. The Temple of Crti^j' atHe-
lioplh is fhut up by Fc/p<i^(ini command.
AtKome, Vefpajtanis Emperour,who with Tifw triumphs over the Jews. The Batavi-
ans are brought to obedience : He expels the Philofophei s out of Rome for fome abu-
fes : He dedicates the Temple of Peace; and the Temple of Janus {hut the fixth time.
Icbata, Greece, and divers other places made Provinces ; The Sarmatians invade M^fta ;
He fets the Image of the Sun upon Nero's ftatue, inftead ofNenPs head : The Alnni wafte
Media and Armenia ; Two Senators plot Vejpaftans death ; he dieth^of a Flux ; Titus fuc-
ir>t:eded for two years j he buUt an Amphitheater, at the dedication of which 5000.
beafts flain.
In the Church LiHwfucceeds St. Peter; the Nazarens held there was but one foule in
fubftance of man,beaft, and plant.
At 2\orwe,thc Capitol is fired from heaven, which is confumed with many fair buildings.
Titus dyeth, the delight of mankind; whom Vomitian fucceeds, the Fly-catcher, and an
txccUent Archer -, he repudiates his wife, and marrieth his brothers widow Julia ; he
makes Lawes againft Adultery, and Gelding ; he kills his coufin Flavius Sabiim, and
caufcth more Corn to be fowedj^ndleffe Vines planted; The Capitol is rebuilt. A-
gricola having fubdued the Brittaiiis, pafleth over to Ireland, then is made Govern our of
Syria. Philofopherts and Mathematicians expelled Rome. Nerva bani(hed,and recalled.
Playes appointed every fourth year to Jwpiter. Ca^itolinus his tyranny over the Sena-
tors j he aflumes divine titks. Agricok fubdueth Fife in Scotland.
In the Church, to Linui, who was martyred, fucceeded Cletui, or Anaclettu. St. Andrew
crucified in Achaio. The NicholaitanHereticks held promifcuous Marriages, and the
creation of all earthly things by Angels : The Ebiunites called alfo Sampfei and Elcefaita
denyedChrifts Divinity, and rejeaedSt.PdH/iEpiftleSj and all the Gofpel s except St.
Matthews : Corinthus denyes Maries Virginity, rmkes Jefus and Chrifl two different per-
fonsjheld Circumcifion, and are the firft Millenariesj St. John would not ftay with him
in the Bath.
At Rome, Vomitian triumpheth over the Vacians and Germans ; he unjuftly buried alive
Ccrnelia,the chief Veftal virgin. The Romans lofc divers A rniics. Vecebalus the Gothifh
King, dcludeth the Romans by putting Armour on the flumps of Trees ; he murthr-
reth divers, and puts all the Line of Vavid to death ; he intended to kil 1 his wife, with
many others, who confpire and niurther him. Cocceius Nerva fucceeded, who ruled
• well, and repealed all Vomitians Afts; he died after one year and four moneths ; Tra-
jdWJ whom he adopted, fucceeded for ip. yearSj ajuft Emperour, whofe Tutor was
Flutarch.
The Church is perfecuted the fecond time by Domitian. John having efcaped the fcal-
dingOylcj is baniihed into PatfoffjoJ, where he writes his Revelation. St. Vennit is
beheaded at Faris ; Timothy ftoncd at Ephejus. Frotafms and Garvafm fuffer at Millan ;
F/af.C/emen^ the Con ful flain for Chriftianity ; his wife DomiciSa is banifhcd ioto
Pontus ; Clemens Pope ten years.
At Rome,Tra';an refufeth ConfuliTiip ; TheDacIan wars lafted five years ; He defeats Vece-
hdiis, and renews the Sword-playing; he buildsa Bridge over Vanuhii'i:, and over-
throws PeceW«, who for grief kills hrmfelf at Zarm*f or Alba Julia; his trcafurc is
found hid fti the River 5 the Bridge is broken down, and Colonics planted in Trm-
filvania ;
of the principal Tafages^^c,
ftlvanid'-, he erefts a Library andCoIumnc at Rome y he hath divers Viftories in the
Eaft ; Nero's golden houfe burnt ; he builds aFleet in the Red Sea ; he is (tiled (^pfimw.
In the Church, a thirdperfecution israifedby Trajan. John dieth at'EphefiUj whofe
fucceflbr was Onefimus. SimeenB'ittiopof Jerufalem is crucified. I^mtm Bifliop oF
Antioch is fent bound to Rome, where he is torn by the Lions. Onefimiu, St. Pauls
Dilciple, is ftoned. C/eme?2j bound to an anchor , and caft into the fea. Anadetiis
fuccecdtd for lo years.
At Rome, the Tantheon is burnt by lightning, trajan in the Eaft beats the Kings of" Ar-
menia and Farthia. Armenia, Mefo^otamia, and AlJyria made Provinces. Jrajan^s Column
finilhed: Ue takes Niftbis^Edejfe, and burns 5'e/e«ci(t ; He is endangered by the Earth-
quake at ^«(/of/j : He makes the Haven at ^?j(.o«a navigable : He dieth at 5e/eKci« ; his
bones are buried under his Column. Adrian fuccceded for aoyeares-, he kills Pd/ma
and othi r brave men ; he fubdutth the SanromaU ; he gives Armenia and Mefopotomia to
Cofioes. The Britains, Scots, and Pi£fs rebell.
''%.'■'■
In the Church, the perlecution ceafeth, upon Tlinfs letters in behalf of the Chriftians
to trajan. Pdf>i.« S.Johns di{ciple Bifliop of Hierapo/i^jmaintaineth the MiUvvmes Seft.
^adratui Bi(hop ot Athens, who lived in the time of Chrift, died about the time of
Hadrian. Anaclettu mznyred.
At Rome , Adrian forbid men and women to ufe one Bath: he builds Adriano^olii in Thrace,
fends ^nfo«i«j« Proconful into ^^d, andvifits all the Roman provinces: He plants
Colonies in Cyrene and Lyhia ; He honours Platma, Trajans widow, with a Temple, for
by her he got the Empire : He makes a wall in Britdiw, to keep out the Scots: He di-
fputes at Athens with the Philofophers : He Ictleth the Provinces in Africk^, and ereft-
eth a Library at Athens, and a monument to his dead Horfe.
in the Church, Evarijius a Greek is Pope 9 years, and then is martyred. In Aftay the
Chriftians are perfecuted hy Antoninus. Alexander the firft is Pope i o years;he brought
in Holy- water. Divers Apologies written in the Chriftians behalf, which made A-
drian ftay the perfecution,and was minded to build them a Church,but was hindrcd
by thtir enemies.
rtarsofCkilii
-110
At Rome, Adrian makes his own Tombe, called Mo/ef Adrian! : He builds a City to his
favourite ^Hfo«iw, who w.is drowned in E?jft; he rebuilds lerufalem, arid calls it
Adia. The Jews rcbell,becaufe he built a Temple to lupiter there where Solomons Tem-
ple flood 5 Mius Severus is fent againft them. Adrian dieth, to whom fucceeded Antoninus
This 22 years, who adopted M. Amins Ferusj and calls him Aurelius. The Northern
Britains rebell, and are fubdued by LoUius.
In Jud£a, the Jewes are forbid to dwell in lerufalem. They rebell , and are defeated with
their Captain CochebM, by Severus, who dcftroyes their Caftles and Towns, and waft, s
all their Country ; their Captives are fent into S^ain^ where they continued 1500
years, till Ferdinand and Emaiiuel expelled them.
Jn the Church, Pope Alexander is martyred. Siictus the firft fucceeds Pope 1 0 years ; he
inftituted Altars. lufiin, of a Samaritan becomes a Chriftian : Aquila Ponticus, ot a
Chriftian became a Jew ; he tranflated the Bible into Greek, and was eaft out of the
Church for ftudying Aftrologie. S'dfMrmw/^ the Hcretique held Chrifts body phan-
taftical, that Marriage was the doftrinc of Devils , that the Jewes and Chriftians
had two different gods, &c. Bajtlides the Heretique held , that Chrift fufF red not,
\>ut Simon oiCyrene ; that Faith wasnatural, and divers other wild opinions.
At Rome, Antoninus repaireth the decayed Bridge,and forbids the reading of ^ji^i/K^'f books:
He reforms divers abufes 5 fubdues the Moors jDaci,d.ad Alani : He is bountiful to Rhodes
and other places ftiaken with earthquakes.
In thcChurchj SixtHS is maf tyred. Telef^horm fucccededl 1 1 years : He appointed Lent-
Faft,
-120
'I36
— —140
A brief Qhronoh^ie
rears ofch.-i/}.
150 —
i6c-
Faft, and the Hymn [Gloria in cxcelps'] Mnl{, the firft uiicircumciftJBilhop oijerufa-
km \ the debate about the obiervation ot £a/fer began : Carpicr,if the Heretick makes
Chi ift a mcer man, holds tranfaniniation, denyes the Rcfiiiieftion, and affirms that
Satan made the world; his diiciplcs were called Gnofticks. Cerdon, another Hen-
tick, held two Gods, denycdChrifts humanity, and the flefurreftion, and thcLau' :
Heraclion held the fame opinions, and after him Vakntiiiian. Marcus, lather ot the
MarcioniteSjhcld the fame, and had a peculiar form of Baptifm.
At Rome, Antoninus caufeth perfecution to ceafe, upon the inundation of 'tihris, fireSjaud
Earthquakes ; he makes men as well as women liibjeft to the Law of Adultery.
In the Church,Po/>c<irfwBifhop of S'OTymii converts many at Kome from Herefies, and
then is marty ed : y«^i« writes his firft Apologie: Churches are confccratcd, and
Witnefles ordained in Baptifm by Pope Higinus, who fuccceded Te/e/^fcorw the Mar-
tyr; he fate four years, and the firft that ftiled himfelf Pope : Pius fucceeds 9 years;
he appointed Nuns, and that Eajler ftiould be kept on Sunday; and Fonts in
«s*f»-'^' Churches.
At Kompj M. AureVms Antoninus Phjlofo^hus reigned i p years; his brother Luc. Aur. Verus is
made Colleague, who marcheth apjdnft the Parthian, but dallies at Am/offc,but his
Army fie,htfuccefn:fu]ly, and take -WeMcia, with 40000. Captives : The Crtffi are expel-
led out n\Rhetia : Antoninus makes good Lawes ; his fon Commodns made Ce/ar ; Ter-
tinax d.' feats theGermans, who had invad d Italy : The Mirconian war is begun. L-tcius
returning home, dyeth by the way of an Apoplexi- : The Bri/diw rcbell,andare fup-
prcffid by Agricola, who repaireth Adrians wall broken down by the Scots ^nd Tids,
who had invcd-.d fFeJhnorlaiid.
In theChurch is ralfed a fourth Perfecution, in which Jujiin having written his fecond
Apologie, is beheaded at Rome. Polycarpus differs from Anicetus (ivho w.is now Pope
8 years) about the time oiEafier ; but it was agreed, that cachCountrty fhould nfe
their own cuftonie. Marcion a Bifhops fon, of a Chriftian became a Ccrdonian : Po-
lycarpus is martyred at Smyrna: PhntinusBifhop of, Lions fuffers with many others:
Hegefif^us of a Jew becomes a Chriftian, and writes the Churcli-ftory : Melito Bilhoa
odardii is alfo martyred. Pope A?J/ce/eordainesfiiaving of Priefts, and confecrating
ofBifliops.
The Gnofticks abont this time lived; they held two Gods, two fouls in each faithfillt
man, yefus.indChrift to be different, that Chrift remained 18 months on earth after
hisRcfurreftion, and that the world was made by Angels : Taiian held that Adam \v.i s
damned, Marriage was fornication, P^cfli and Wine not be eat and drunk ; he held
many Gods and dcnyed Chrift to be of David ^ of him came the Eucratites : Marcion
denyedChrifts Divinity, tranfaniniation heheld, and rebaptilation as often as men
fell; he rcjefted Marriage, the OldTeftament, and eating of flefh, healfo held all
warrs unlawful.
17c-
>8o-
At Rome,the Empcrour pawnes his Plate and Jewels, to cafe the people of Taxes , which
atter\Vard he redeemed. Crtjf^w in /^rmeHw calls himfelf Emperour, and is flain by his
Souldiers : TheRomansdefeat theMarconianp,by theChriftians prayers: Ccnimodv^
is made his fathers Colleague, they defeat the Scythians : Antoninus dieth in Pamnia :
Commodus reigned 12 years, he kept 300 Concubines, and 300 boyes; he killed his
fifter Lucilia., and raviftied the reft : before he fubdued the Germans., he triimiphed over
them. In Britain, Lucius is the firft Chriftian King • he ereftcd three Arch-bifiiops, and
built Si.Teters in CornhiU Land, which was theCathedrall till Pauls
In the Church Pope Aniceim is martyred; hisfucceffbr .^o/prfatc four years; he or-
d^iln- d the Fathers con fen t , and PritftsBenediftion in Marriage; to him fucccc-
ded E/e«f/jet7"«/ 1 5 years ; he fends T>amianits into Britain to baptize King I.;j;7W;md
his people. ThcOpfcifHercticksworfliipprd the Serpent, holding Chrift to be that
Serpent which deceived Eve ; they dcnyed the Ilefurreftion, and Chrilb humariity.
The
of the principal 'Pa(fa^es\,^c.
The Cdiw/luld divers ol the former opinions; fu did the <ceil.>it.€,hi}t that thefemade
Seth the Saviour of tlie world, the others. Cfl/«, F./riH, and Juiiff. Tlie Adamites were
jiakcd in tlieir A^'Uiblics, had women in common in the dirk, and dcnycd Prayer.
Mmtm s affirmed himfclf to be the Holy Ghoft, deny d the Trinity, allowed Inctft,
and baked the broad of the Sacram(iit with mans blood; his chief difciple was
J^ocm -, Ludm^x^^Af^il^ were Murcioiis,
{T^aysufch t/L
At Jlome^Comniodiis gives himfelf to plearure,and leaves the Government to Perennhis^wUo
murthered many Senators, at laft heandhis fon are put to death for treafon, andC/e-
^ ander putin his room, who makes fale of ail places and offices. The Dxci are fiibdiied
by Albiiius^ud Niger: 200odledaily at Kome of the Plague ; the Ca' it.^1 and Library
^re burned I y Lightning. The Britms after the death of Lucius have civil Wars, and re-
bel 1, but are iubdtieda«fain by M(irce//«J: FmiHdA;beingrent hither, was almoft killed
by the Suiildicrs, and is feut away again. ThtSi:ots and P/ffx again break J./rM«x
. WaU.
In the ChurchTheoJoflan makes the third Tranflation of the Bible; Kc was a M.irclg-
nite, then a Jew. P(r«f^//w,whofe fcholler was Clem. Alexitridrinus,{et s up the firft Chfi- '^
ftian Schoole at .<^/exdH</rifl : ^poi'oyKW the Senator is martyred : The |ewsThaIn>ud
is now made : ThcPepuzian Hercticks,fo called from PepHZtf a Phrygian Town, were
Montanifts ; they held PefHza to be the heavenly Jerufalem mcntioiied in Scripture :
The J^oftolici htld all things in common, condemned Marriage, thinking the^po-
ftlesdidfoi made Apocryphal Books their Gofpel, andrefufed to admit thofe into I
the Church who fell after Baptifm : Artolyrits made up their Sacrament of bread I
and cheefe. Originiani and Turfts,Co calltd from their filthy lives, forbidding Marriage, I
and extolling Fornication; _.
At "Rome, Contmodus removes the head from the Coloffiis, and puts his own head on it ;
He afteth Hercules in a Play, and is at laft ftrangled by Martia his Concubine,and L£tus.
TheTemplesbfre/?tf, Peace, atid others are barned. Fertinax reigned not full thpce
jnoneths, being flain by the Souldiers, and Did. Julianus not much above two moneths,
temgaUo killed by them ^ thcnA^iger in Syria, Jlbitms in Britain, Severus in fanonia,
(who reigned 17 years) are made Ernperours : ^ Severus defeats Niger, and befiegeth By-
' 2r(?nf7Mm three years; he hath many Viftories in the Eaft, and makes ConiMZ/u his fon,
- Ciifar ; he takes Bizantium, kills Albinus, and fends his head to Rome, where he put 2 9 '
Senators to death ; he makes Geta his other fon, Caefar, and makes Caracalk his Col-
league. The BriMinJ help ^towagainft Severus^ whom he defeats : Virm Lufiis fent
to Britain.
, In the Church,Terf H//i(tn being vexed by the Roman Clergy, turns Mo?itani(i. SeVerus
theHeretick followed Mi^rcfo/w opinions. Theodofius denied Cbrifts Divinity, and
took upon him to alter the Gofpel. ^arto-decimatii kept Eajier on the 14. day of
theMoon, and then fafted, they were Jtitila^farians. Alogi rejefted the Gofpel and
Apocalypfe, faying they were written by Ceritilhus; they denied Chrift to be the
Word, or God. Fi£?or Pope 9 years.
At Kome, Severus undertakes an Expedition into the Eaft,and makes League with the King
oi Armenia:^ he waffeth .^rafcfa, and maftereth King, Abgarus, and hath divers other
. Viftorics ; he repaireth the Pantheon : Plautianus the Favourite is killed by Caracalld's
treachery, whofe daughter Ttautilla his own wife, with her fifler, he banifficth : Cara-
calk ftriving with his brother, breaks his own thigh. Severus with his fons go into
^Britain, where at Tort^he refideS, and makes a wall 132 miles long, then dieth : About
this time .S'cof^niy recdveth the Faith. Many of the Crt/e^o«f(i«j maflacrcd for rebelling
aeainft the Romatu^
LIU
rn
180
190
■aoo
A brief Chronologie
\ Yea.-S if child.
320-
230-
24C>
In theChurch the ? .Perfecution is raifed by Teverw. Leomdaf,Ongens father, fufifered at
Alexandria^ fo didPhilip Governour of Jjypt. Iren^us Bifhop of Lyons, with others,
are martyred. Narcifus Bifhop oijerufalem flycth into the wilderncfle : Speratus
mjinyred at Carthage, .^yfmnacfcw tranflates the Bible. Ze;>/irinw is Pope 1 8 years ; he
ordained the Eucharift to be received once a year. HermUmi and Sekudani held the
Chaos eternal with God, Angels Creators of mens fouls, thatChrift left his fltft
ifl the Sun, they denied Baptifm and theRefurreftion. PraxeaSj father of the Patrif-
palfianij held that God the Father onely fuffered. • Melchifedeciaai mudc Mekhifedec
greater then Chriftj wkofe Divinity they denied.
At Rome, CaracaHa reigned fix years ; Geta ruled one year w/ith him, whom he kilkcVin
his Mothers arracs, and multitudes of his party -, he married with jHliahls mother-in-
law j he overcomes the Germans: he marchcth into Afta; he murthers the Alexandrian
ycuth, for calling him Oedipus, and his wife Jocafta ; burns Ariftotles books ; trcache-
roufly murthers the Farthians ; is (lain by Avitus, CarMalla's Br.ftard, who fuccecds, and
is called Heliogabalusj a moft luxurious and cruel Prince. The Britaim rebel.
lo the Church,C(iZiA:tw is Pope fix years; heinftitutcdthe four Embers or Fafts before
Ordination, and Church-yards ; The fifth Edition of the Bible,called F«/gat(r,found
at Jericho. ACouncel in Jfjrica about R.epabti(ation.ThtE/ce/ai Hereticks held two
Ch rifts, denyed Maxies Virginity^^eifkd the Waterjrejefted Scripture ; Angelici ado-
red Angels.
Heliogabalus brings his God, the Sun, to Rowe,and builds a Temple for him. BaUJatti^ his
coufin made Cafar ; Heliogabalus is (lain with his Mother, and his body dragged and
flung into thclibris; Alexander Severus fucceedcd thirteen years, a good Prince, he
had thrifts Pifture in his Clofet 5 Vidian his chief Lawyer and Counkltor is (lain by
the Souldiers. Armenia invaded by the ferfians.
In the Church a perfecution is raifed by "iy/p/tfrt. Ctf/wfHj martyred. Pope Vrhan fuc-
ceedcd ftvcn years. Chriftians begin to build Churches. The fixth Edition of the
Bible.
Alexander the Emperour gocthagainft Artaxerxes the Firftan, and returns to Antioch with
lode; he was fevere againft corrupt Judges, Harlots, Theeves, and falfe Notaries ; he
crefts ah Hofpital for children, triumpheth over the Ferfians ; France invaded by the
Germans : He is (lain with his Mother Mammxa. Maximums a tall Goth fucceeded two
years, a great Trencher-man ; he bad b^en a Mulettor ; Gordian is fct up againft him,
who hanged himftlf upon the death of his (on : The Senate choofe two Emperours,
BalbinuszwdFupenKS., whom the Souldicrs flew : Maximimti% flaio before /rfjHi/^a,
and his carkafs flung to the d(^s 5 Gorditmus fucceeded five years.
In theChurch, Vrbanheme, martyred, Pontianus fucceeded Pope four years, who being
banifhcd, dyedmiferably in Sardinia : Anterus fucceeded one moncth, who being mar-
tyred,had Fa^iaH for his fucceflbr 1 4 years. Cecilia the Virgin and others' are martyred*
Origpi inftruftcth Mammxa in the faith, and finifheth his Oftopla. The fixth Perfecu-
tion is raifed, and ends with Maximinus his death.
At Kome, Gordian openeth the Temple of Jaims, and defeats the Ferfian ; he is flain by Phi-
lip the Arabian, who fucceeded 5 years ; he makes peace with the Pcrfian. In the fecu-
ctilarPlayeSjPiWpeyi Theater and many houfes burnt: Pfciiopspo/*^ in Zfcrdce is built
by him.
In the Church,Pope Fdtian admits Philip the Emperour upon hi5 repentance : Laurence
the Deacon is broy led onaGridyron. ACouncel is heldin y^ratid againft the Hi-
reticks which held the fouls Mortality, of which opinion was BeryUuf Bifhop of
EoftrU} whom Origen reclaimed.
At
of the principal ^Pajfa^es^^c,
AtKcmc, Thili^ leaves his Ton, snd goeth ngainft Vccius^ v/hom the SoiilJicrs in Hhria
chofc Enipcrcur : Thiif^ vvitli his Ton are ibiii : rifc'm fucce^dcd one year, wrio hc-iiit^
llain by the Goths^Galluf iacce' ds two yeai-s5who b;canie a 1 1 ibiitai y Piitue to tbiGoths
the Enipirc is wafted by the Goths and Perfuins- Gallus and his fon are il.iiii by /EmiliuM
and he bv Valerian., who rcigncth 7 years •, The Go^hs wafte the Eaftein pans ; (o doth
Sapres the Ferjian, who nude Vakrianhis fuot-ftool, and flaid him alive.
In the Chinxh, FflJ.Pope is martyred. Noiwiams makes 3 Sch ifme : Cornelius a Rc.nian
Pri(ft is bani(hed,whippid, and bihcaded. Lucius h Pope two years; he is martyred;
.Tfe{>/je« Archdeacon is Pone three years-, he ordained facred Garments for tliofe
thatCervcdat the Altar; he alfo ismartyj-cd, whom ^i:«fw followed : Divers Sy-
nods were held about this time about the cau(e oiNovatus, and tfec Lnpfed : Paul the
El emite lived m the wilderneffe till Coiiftctiaine; from him the Monks fpra'n^up.
The feveiuh Perfecution is raifed : C}frim and many others are manyi cd : The Fa'
J^l
lefii held that they oncly were favedjwho made thcmfelves Eunuchs : A''ot^:7fw, father
ottheCrtffcari, who would admit none La pled : .<i"aJe//m denyed the Tr
. i : ilniEy oi Godj and held that the matter was coeternal with God.
iinity and
At Uoffie, Gahien reigns alone, who mitigates the Chriftian perfecutlon : Many Com-
manders ufurp the Empire, which is ivafted by the Barbrians, and th. Com-
manders drf^roy each other : Gahien is flain ; Aurtlius fuccceds ten years, who is de-
feated and (l4ine,at Wi//d?I by his Souldiers : MarQUs Aureliams luccecdeth fix
yeares. ' ,
IiV'tltf Churcli, to ^ixtvs fiitccedcd Pope THonyfiUS nine years , who divides Rome into
Mi'ifhe?, and thcCountrey into Dioreflcs. Hietachiu denied Mari-iagc and the
' Rcfurreftion, debarred children front Heaven, and held Melchijedech to be the Holy
Ghoft. fTrig/ni/l^HiadctheHolyGh^^ft acreature, heldthatthe fouls were created
before the bodys, and that the Devils after 1000 years fhould be releaftd from pii-
niftiment. Samofatenns Biftiop of Antioch denied Chrifts Divinity, therefore Would
not baptize in Chrifts Name.
AtKOTie,-ff«re/idHufeththc tpiadeni, ovetcommerh the Goths ; is beaten by, and beats
the Marcommis ; ]ie ere^eth aTempletothe Sun; defeats the Goths in thrace ■ in-
compaflethKowe with a Wall of fifty miles about; He triumphcth over Zenobiaznd
Tetrici'S; ftie dyeth at ilorre. Silk brought out of India : The Eoii zre fupprefled; he
is flain by the treachery of his Secretary Mnefieus, who for this is flung to wild bea'fts :
lacitm fuccecds 6 moneths,and is flain by the Souldiers ; his brother^ /(jriaww is flain •
Aurel. Frobiis fuccceds 6 years -, He hath divers Viftories. Ccnftamine is born in Britaii
to Conjiantius and Helena.
in the, Chiirch,F(r/w fate Pope thfeeyedrs; He inflttutcd Confecration of Altars
and Regiftred Martyrs nanus. l£,uiichiaim fucceedfd 10 years, who buried with his
own hands 342. Martyrs. ASynodis htldat /^Hfiorft as,ain{i Samofatenm. The ninth
Perfccution is raifed by ^Mre/im, whofe hand became ftifFe as he was fubfcribinw
the Edift ; but he dyed before it took cfTeft. M.ines, father of the Mcrnichees"
held all the Herefics of the former Heretiques ; He was flai'd alive by the Fer-
jian King.
At Rome much mifchiefe is done by the Sword-pIayers, who broke prifon. Probuf
overcommeth the Goths , gives peace to the Perfmi , and defeats Praculus and Bonofus
. ufurpers ; He is flain by his Souldiers. Aurelim Carut fucceeds one year ♦, obtaines'
divers Viftories, and is flain by Thunder: Vioclefian fucceeds 20. yeares: He fub-
duestheSdiTOrtf.^, and Per/fdW, and Goths m Pamnia., and Rebels in France and Ger-
matiy , and Jidiari the Ufurper ; He had fix yeares warrs with Achilkus the other
Ufurper.
LIU 3
In
A brief Chronolope
rears efchy'iji.
290-
Iii the Chiiich,C(r/;« fate Pope 1 3 years : He iiiftituted the 8 Ecclefiaftical degrees. Cyril
Bifliop oiAntioch, for hindring N«nlerii«« trom entring into the Church, is fl.in by
him, Prodianite heretickspf oire Frodm^htld that Chrift was not come in the flefh.
At Kome,I)kclefianSffames divine honours. ConfiantiiK Chlouts is madegovernour of Bri-
tain; Gr//eriHj is made Cselar: thefe have divers viftories. Pioc/e/jrtH takes Alexandria,
and JrchilUus in it, whom he flung to wild txaftj. Galerius defeated by Narje:. the Pcr-
fian, and then defeats him. Conftmtitii kills the French and Akluins.
In the Church, Caius i-s martyred. MarcefUmis fuccecded Pope 8 years ; he facrificcd to
Idols. y^?jf/jo7J>' the Eremite then flourilhed. .<4rHote'^ converted to the faith, and
ivrites apinRPoi'pfoyrie. Am^hibalus, and ten more, ii;tferedmartyrdomein iSrif(ii«.
Sujanim Neece to Pope Caius j rtiaf tyred, for roc n;al:rjring with Maximian a
Heathen.
At Kome, Dioclefum and Maximian tfiafnpli over the Perfians and Goths : Diodef. will be
^^"^calhd Jffviui, and Maximian, Hercnkiis. They give over the government. Gakrius and
Conflanfius made Emperors, this of the Weft, the other of the Eaft. CoTz/hmf iw ditth i to
him fuccecded his fon Conflantine 50 years, who married Faujla Maximian s daughter :
He makes a Bridge over the Kbine^ and hath divers victories. Faujia difcotcrs Mcticimi-
ans J lot againll Cmftantine.
In the Church, Pope MarceJline having at tlic Synod at Smiejfa inCamp^nict |jublikely in
a hair-cloth confcflfed his fault, is at laft martyred, and his body after 56 dayes
was interred by his fucceffor MarceUus, who fate 5 years, and was ftifled to clea.th by
the fteiich of a filthy flable where he was inclofcd ; that ftablc ?ifterivard was.-tu'rncd
to a Church, and called by his name. To himfucccedcd Eufelius 2yearSi Many
Chriftiansarcburni in ahoufeatZVifome(//cf, iy Valerius. The tenth Perfecution is
raifed, in which incredible mmibersfuffered in Egypt. S.Alhan and others martyred
\n Britain. Conjiantine expelleth thofe of his Coiut, -who for rewards would facri-
fice to Idols. At this time the T>c?iatijls had divers Conventicles it Carthage. The
traditors or betrayers of the Bible, are condemned in a Synodat Cvrtain Africa.
Bishop Me/efiw an Antilapfarian ; he hnd many followers, who held divers Jcwilli
ceremonies. Fifteen Cardinals were inflitutccl by the Pope, tobuiy andbaptife.
Vojiatus the PrieO of Carthage, held the true Church no where b'jt xvith him and his
followers; He rebaptized , and held the Perfons of the Trinity fuperior to each
other.
GaleriiK having made Liciwiw Emperor in Illyria , kills himfelf, being troubled with a
loathlomcdifeafe in his privities. Cw2/?-^«rf7if defeats three times Mi:ixe?zf/w, who is
dro\MKd in 7)/'er. ConftaiititK tiiumphcth , and marriethhis lifter to Licrniiis. Maxi-
ir.inus is dctcattd by the Perlian, then by Licinius,3.t laft flrangles himfclf Cm(iai(tine,hy
himfclfaiid his two fons, j^ets many vlftoriesj He oveitomes Licinius, who turns
Apoftate. Tiie Britaius rcbcll, and defeat "Iraherus.
In the Church, PopeEx/etiw is martyred. His fucceflbr Mekhiades fate three yea res,
who abolifhcd Fafting upon Sundayes and Holy-daycs •, hedyedaMartyr. In his
time fell out the Schifme between Vonatus, and Cf ci/ftrw Biiliop of Carthage. Sylvefler
fuccecded Pope 21 years; he inftituted the i'ea^ oi S.Peter ad Vincula ; h<? appointed
iheAlbe. ndCorporal for the Altar. Divers Councels held at this timeacainft the
Donatifts, Antilapfarians, Jcwes and Arians. S.Catherine is martyred at Alexandria.
Con!iantine becomes Chriftian, upon the iight of a CrofTe in the aire. Arius brocheth
his blafphemy, and is condenuied in a Synod at Alexandria ; Conjhantine confutes him
by his letters.
ConljHtiiic appcnfcth the tumultuous fouldiers in Caule ; defeats the Smromates and Lid-
nii.s two times, at laft puts him to death for plotting againfthim : Hckils his owli fon
Crij}iiS) u^on Fai!fla''s talfcaccufation : He repairs JerM/^/eWj and executes the younger
Ludnius :
of the primpal Tafa^^es^kc.
Lucinm: FaHJia.,iov her faliliood, is pitt to dearii in a hot Bach. H'.' repairs divers
Towns J and transfers his feat to ^zantiwmy which he ne^v iianKS Cmfimtirto^le.
In the Church, Co?r^OTf me ondairrcd burning of Wn-x-cnndics by day. ■'^ylvefkr is dif-
contcntedj becauieSoochfaycrswtre tolerated } therefore rttiics to Muunt '^omac.
Conjlantiiie ordains the Lords Day; buiUs S.Peters Chnrch, S.PaulSyHui ihe Laicrm
His mother Hekm finds the Croflc. The fii ft General Councel of AT/Ve, lidd ag^ainft
Arm ; \\ here the Nicene Creed was made, £ ^knt in princt^io'] add.d to [Gloria f,uri.'\
S.BctJil gathereth together the difperfed Monks, and nv.kes hwes for them. Ari^s is
recalled by Coaflmtine^ upon his fificrsintrcaty. ^f/w/M^Tw is perltcutcd. Cui^anti-
nople made a Patriarchate.
'do'njianfine fubducs the Gothsy and s,ives.t\\.empaiwm to inhabite; he makes his ConCon-
flamCxfir. Sa^ores (who was made King in his mothers wombe) wrfes MeJopoMwia.
Cow/?a«'i«e is bjpiizcd,and dieth at Nicomedia, leaving the Empire to his three fonn s :
Co«,'?a?;'i«t? the eldtft had the Weft, andreij^ncd 3 years; Conflantius hadtheE^ft, and
reigned 24 ytars^ Co;;^rf«i had 7<(i/)'&c. and reigned 12 years, he flew and defeated his
brother Cmflaiuine. . '-''.. >
In the Church, to Sylvefier fnccecded ^*furcns $ moncths : Ke ordained the Nicene
Creed tc) be fung after thcGorpel. Julius fucCeeded Pope i^ years. Conventicles
are held at Tjre, Jerufalm^ and Byzantium, againft JtlanafuiSi and in favour of ^)Vi;j.
Aihamfius is acciiied of fornication aiid murther, by Eufehius. He refufeth to admit
Arius into his Church, wherefore he is banifh^ d by the Emperor. Arius dyethby tlie
fallmgout ofhis guts. AtbaMdus r(ft<ircd byCo«,/ld'Jfi«e ih€ youncer , and'isaf-
cufedto Pope Julius by the Arians. The 7keo^aJchites hJd, that Chrifts divinity
luffered.
Conjlantius raifeth .^rfporej (whohaddeftroyednwnyphriftians) from the fiege of Ni/i^iJ-
He perfecutes the Orthodox Bifhops; Ihuts up the Heatbtin Temples; condemnith
Sodomites; dedicates the Golden-Temple o(:^«fioc/j; defeats thePerftans, but with
great lofle. Co«j?(fW fobdueth the 6V«/.f ; and is odious for his evil life.
In the Church, Pope Julius holds a Synod at Rome , where Jthanafius and Murcellus an
reftorcd, to the grief of the Ariatis. At Rome^ Atha'mfius writes his Creed ; he is
depofcd in a Conventicle at Antioch. Great tumults in Con^antim^k, and {laughttr
about the depofing ofPflw/ the Orthodox Bifliop, and confccration of Mrfee^?iiw
rhe Arian. The Arians new form of Faith i^ rejefted by the Wtftern Bifhops. Tht
Cotmccl of Mce is tonfirmed by that of .'i'Ww now aflembled. PatilMiAAthe.mfjus
reftored to their feats, iWarcf//"^ denieth Chrifts Diviiiity. The Macedoiiims vtjciTr
the Holy Ghoft. Pfoofi««i held Chrifts Kiiigdpaie but ieoiporarj. Eu}brMes denietii
Chrifts Divinity.
Conjiantinsmzkcs Gallus his coufin, Csefar ; who -kills -the rcbelUoiiS Jewes„ andt:;'.kes
divers Towns from them : He defeats Ma^'nentius thixc timts, ivho had murthered
CmjiaHS, ufurped the government, tyranniied, -in Rome, martyred his own mother,
wounded DtyiA'riia. his brother whom he had made Caefar, and at laftkilJshimfelf;
Decent ius his other brother andCafar, banged himtelf Cun(iciiitius being ible Einperor,
puts Gallus to death for his cruelty, andniakcs his brother Julim Caefar, who beat the
^/mdn^j and got divers viftories. Silvams theUiurper is flain. The Germans, Sar-
matffi, andPcrriansdomuchmifchicf; but Tire fubdued. Sa^ores takes Amida. Julian
fludyeth Magick ; and is faluted Emperor by the. Army, but refufeth it.
IntheChurch, Lfferfw; fate Pope 15 years : He is perfecuted for not condemning /4-
thanafius ■■, Fe/i.-x: is placed in his room, and again difplaccd, Lil^eiiwj being recalled.
Divers Synodsand Conventicles were held about this time. The Aeatianhcreticks
held, that Chiift was like his Father in will, notin fubftance. Aetius was an A rian,
and held bcfidcs that God was coniprehc^ilible. About-.this time iheifeaft qf.tli-
Annunciation bctran to be obferved. PmilBiiho'p oiCmftaatinQfleh ftraas?,led hv^chc
Arians, and divers Biftiops baniftied.by thenijamong the i%iiiithaH<tfiHS. Ojius.hlihoy
uf
r, a, i of Chili
-140
-150
A brief Qhronolo^ie
Tears afCh.ifl-
360
ofCordiiba, out of feare fubfciibes to the Arian newConftilion ot faith, which is
rcjefted by the Councel oiAnmimim. S.Jndrew's bcnes tianllated to Conflantinofk.
7;(/mh is fainted Emperor, and defeats the French and Almans-, he reigned one yearc.
Co«^(i«fi;« returning from the Perfian war, dieth. ^po//o'j Temple is burnt. Jtlian
marcheth as?ainft the Perfian, and threatneth the mine of Chriftianity ; but is wound-
ed and dieth. Joviams fuccecds 7 moneths j he makes his Army piolcfle thenifdves
Chriftians ; he makes peace with the Perfian, and is ftifled in his bed with coal-fmokc.
IntheWeftfucceedcd JWe?2fi«r(i« n years; ih the EaftFaK'ce 14 years. The Pic?/ and
ScolsVWl the Roman Commanders , and feife on the greattft p.-,rt of Britain. V(tknti-
Hi.wreftores the Standard and Crucifix J defpifcd by^Jw/i^iw. He had both good and
bad fucceJfeagainfl: the Germans : he makes his ion Grdtirt/z his Golleaguc 16 years j
Amhroie is made Governour oi Lombardy. Valence overcomes Frocopitu thelllurperj
and kills him; then waftes the Gotfc^ territories^ and defeats their King Iheodoftus;
having fetled Britain^ calls it Vakitia. Romachns the Tyrant of Scotland is beheaded by
bis Nobles, and his head fixed on a pole.
in the Church, a third fchifme arofe about the Popes elcftion. Vrftcinus and Damcifits
are both chofcn , not without great {laughter : but Valentinianha.ui(hed Vrficims,
and chofe Vnmajus^v^ho fate 17 years ; He added Gloria Patri to the end of the Pfalms,
3ir\dAlIelu](th. About 1 1 Councels wereafiembleJ within this Decad of years. The
heretick Ewiomim held, that the Holy-Ghoft was created by the Son, and that Chrift
a/Ttimed mans body without a foiile. Jot;zd?!Hj made all iins equal, denied Mar/i'
Virginity, contemned Falling, and held that men finned not alter Baptifme. Colly-
ri(/wni offered facrifices to the Virgin Mary. LMcffer faid, thatSatan made mans body-,
and held felf-murtbcr lawful; he rcjeftcd fome part of the Old-Teftament. The
Chriftians are perfccuted by Jk/w«, who advanccth Gcntilifme, andcondemnetli
Athanajiiis to death. He is hindred by ftraiige prodigies from rebuilding the Temple.
ofjerufalem ; he writes books againft Chrift. Falentiniau rtftores the Chriftian pro-
feflbrs. Valence is baptized by Eudexius the Arian Bifhop. Prodigious Hailc falls at
Confiantinople. Marriage is forbid in Le«f, by the CounccI of Lflcd'/ferf. The Order
o( S.Ldzarus in Savoy {ound(.d.
37c- 1
Severus fubdueth the Saxons, and Vnlentinian treacbcroufly kills them ; therefore becomes
odious. Firmwi the Ufurper in ^/ricvT kills himfelf The KowdHiare beat by the ^Wi;
theSarmatjcddeatedbyJheodoftus; peace granted to the Almans. Valentiiiian died fud-
denly, when he luidcrftood \vhat bafe beggerly people the Sarmat£ were, with vthotn
he had fo often fought. Gratian kills the Germans. Fdence in the Eaft, cxecuteth the
Philofophers , and imprifoneth them whofe names began withTfceoJ. He kills Pdtd
King oi Armenia treacheroufly ; he fuffers the Goths to plant in Jhrace; theywafte
Ihrace and T^ejla/y ; F<i/e?zire going againft them, is burnt in a cottage. Theodofu<s fuc-
cecds 1 6 years, who fubducd the Goths. Great wars between the Scots and Fids.
In the Church, a great tumult was raifed in Alexandria about A ihanaji us ^who hid him-
felf in his fathers monument' Evagrius the Orthodox Bifhop is banJfhed by Valence,
and8oPritfts drowned. Atbantfm dieth; his fucceflor Pefcr flyethto 'Rome. The
Saracens are converted Ambrofe made Bifhop of Milm. The Goths turn Arians.
The feaft of Epiphanie obferve'd. The banifhed Bilhops rcftored by Gmlian. Audeani
or Anthropomorphites, gave to God a mans body ; held Darkncfle,Fire and Water
eternal. Apollinarif gzve Chrift a heavenly body; he denied the Trinity, held tra-
duftion of fouls, that the Ceremonial law fhouldbe in ufe after the refurrcftion,
and denied Chrift a humane will. The Meffaliatts denied the Trinity , made God
viliblc ; contemned Chrifts fufferings, Sacraments and Alms ; allowed perjury, to
advance Religion; and afcribcd falvation to Prayer alone.
58c
. Gratian m the Weft, defeats the Goths of Macedonia and Fanonia. MMmus the itfurpcr *m
EnfiTW, niakcshis Ton Fifi'or Emperor; he kills Gr^fw;/ trcarheronflv atL'cwi; then
] fcilcth upon %««, France, Britain and Afric. Maximus inv.idcs Italy." Vakntinim flieth
to Theodofliis. A/rrxiOTWand his Ton F/f/or both arc flaiii; thtir General! caft himftlf
into the fca. In the Eaft, Iheodofvs falls fick^and is baptized. The Goths fubmit to the
Rtm-nns-
of the principal ^afages^3Q.c.
Romans. Antioch rebels again ft Tfceorfo/iHj, whom Flavian the Bifhop aflvvageth : he makes
his fon Arcadiui Emperour at 8 years of age: he defeats the Scythians^ reftores Valtntinictn,
and defeats Maximm ; his governour is killed at Jhejfakma^ which coft 7000. hien their
lives, for which he after was forry.
InthcChurchjS'iriciwisPope 13 years: he was an enemy to the liiarried Clergy ; he
added Anthems to the Liturgie. Prifcilian the Heretick, denied the Trinity,makes the
loul to be of the Divine cSknce; he condemned Marriage and Flefli-e^iting, allowed
Pcriuryand lying In Religion. Euchyts held Baptifme needlelle. Helvidhis ainhor
of the Antidkomarionites, held that Jo/epfc had children by Mary, after Chrifts birth.
The fecond general Council at Conjlant irio^le z^zinR Macedonm ■■, befidcs nine other
Synods within this Decad. The Mcewe Cr«>e</(read after the Gofpel) is confirmed by
the Council ofConjiant. Ambrofe is perfecutcd by Valentinian and Juflina theEni-
prefle. Pfalms began to be fungby turns ; and Anthems brought into the Church by
Ambrofe. MaximusCubdanh Armortka, and names it Liftk-Britain. Vrfuk znA uoo.
Virginsgoing from London in BrifaiWjloft their lives to fave their Virginity. TheOr-
dcr of Aiigufline Friars began now.
reanofChiifi:
"ioto<Jfl/f)W,uponth. {I.naghterofT.f)e]/e/onicd,makesalaw, that30 dayes fhould comebe-
twcen the fentence and execution ; and is excluded theChurch, till he had made pub-
lique Penance; he makes his fon HonoriwCaefar , and defeats Ewgewiw neer .<^^w7eM; he
dicth at Mildn. Arcadius reigns 1 3 years,his Tutor Ruffitius rebels and is killed. Eutrcpus
fucceeds, who proclaims Stilkon traitor, andbanifheth good men. Alarkus invades
Greece, heflyeth to thefanftuary upon a capital crime , but is not faved by it ; for he
made a law againft fanftuaries. In the Wtft, Arbogaftes ftrangleth Valentinmi) and fets up
E«ge«iHf a Schoolmaftertobe Emperour two years. Tbeodojius hiving, triumphed over
him, makes his fon H^norfw Emperour in the Weft 28 years, whofe afliftant was Stilko ;
who fals out with EiAropus. Sword-players are put down by Honorm^ who marricth
^fi/ice''^ daughter: GUdo is ftrangled: theEmpire begins to decline.
In the Church , Andfia/tUs is Pope four yeafS ; he ordained that the Gofpel ^ould be
heard^ftanding : 1 5 Synods were held within this Decad ; St. Hierom inftituted Ca-
nonical houres for Prayer. TheBapriftsheadis brought out of Ci/icia to Conjimifi-
m^k. Hierom expelled his Church for condemning Origen-, he tranflates the Bible
out of the Hebrew. The Marcomans and Huns converted. Stilico burns the SyUb books
at K-ome. The third Council oiCarthage, ordains that the Eucharift fliould be recei-
ved fafting.
In the Weft, Alaricus invades Italy, beficgeth HomriuSj ahd is twice defeateti by Stilico ; who
alfo defeats and kils Rhadagifus the Goth ; Stilico confpires with Alaricus againft^rfa-
dius , but he is flain by Honorius, upon fufpition that he aimed at the Eaftern Empire.
The Vandals vizOie Germany : one CCTj/Janfi/ie is diofen Emperour in Britain. The Scots
beat down the wall of Severus & pillage Britain. Alaricus befiegcth Rome, and fets up At-
talus againft Honorius, who unites himfelf to Confiantine the ufurper. In the Eaft, tbeo-
dojius the younger is born,and baptized by Chryfoftome ; he is made Emperour, but under
the government of Ifdigerdes King of Perjia 42 years.
In theChurch, Innocent I. is Pope 15 years; he made Saturday a fafting-day , excom-
municates y^rcWm and the EaftcrnBifhops for persecuting C^ryjo/fowe. About this
time began the rights of Patronages in the Council of Me/d. Chryfoftome for taxing
Eiii/oxirt is baniftied twice ; he died in exile. Ten Councils held within this Decad.
Vigilintius an enemy to Churches ahd Virginity .Triformirtni held the Divinity impcr-
feft in each of the three Perfons. Melangijmonitii held that the Son was in the Father,
as a lefler veflel in a greater. Pelacius held Adam mortal by nature before his fallj that
hisftn was meerly pcrfonal, that there is no Original iirl, that our natural concu-
pifcenceisgood; that men have free will to good without grace; that the Infants
of faithful men are faved without baptifme, but ftiall not ehter into Gods klilgdom.
Rome is taken by ^/aricw, and /4tta/KJ degraded ; the Roman Commanders kill each o-
ther. Maximus is defeated in ^jp<Ji« : Heraclim the^Ifurper in Afri«\i& defeated and
riain.
— -406
-410
A brief Qhronolo^ie
T^ears ofCh.ifi.
\-^420-
flain. yifW/Hjisftt iipby/^f/jd«//»Aw the Goth, and then taken-, Honorlus cuts otf his
right hand,anci banilheth him to Lifara. Conjiantius marricth Plctcidia,\'vhom he refcued
from theGoths, the iiftcr ofHonorius, ofthem came Fahitiniitn^who lliccctded HonoTius.
The Burgundians take Trei'erj', aud obtain a (eat ncer the KfeeMe. Alnrkuslofk nil the
(poiks of Jfd/)' in a ftorme. The Vandals fack Afi/jorfaand M'Wtca, ftat thenifelvcs in
Biitica^ and call it Vmdalafta, whence they are expelled by Vallia and the Golhs.
In theChurch, Zofimmwt^ Pope two years, who prohibited Pricfts to drink in T.n
verns ; to him fuccccded Boniface the firft,5 years -, with him Eulalm is chofcn by fonie,
which makes the third Schifm, but Eulalius Is expelled by the Emperour: In this
Decad were ten Councels, the chief was that of Carthage which condemned Pelagianifm.
The Jews kill many Chriftians at Alexandria. The DonatifiS:, to be accounted Martyrs,
kill thcmfelves. The Jews crucifie a child inVdejiina. Vdagiusat Diafpolis in l>alejiine
recants hh Herefies.
430.
In the VJe{k,Honorius makes Conjlantius his Olleaguc. Ccnfiantms dieth. Tlacidia his wldoiv,
^^■andFd/ewtraJHhtrfonKingfafpected hy Honorius, Ric to Jheodofius, who entertains
them. Maximus and JwjjH^^lIuirpersin Spain, arefentin bonds to Kome , and there
executed. Ho'torius d'mh : his Secretary jfofcyj invades the Empire. Valentinian evened
Csfar by theodofihs. John is taken and beheaded. Valentinian 3 .reii;ned 2 9 years. Bom-
face govern cur of Afric rebels, and calls the Vmdals iino Afric out o( Sfain, whom Tla-r
ddia could not reniovr thence. Venice is founded by the Romans:,^f\n^ from Attila and
theHK/«. Mirtiaru afterward Emperor, iltcping is covered with an Eagle. Genfericus
makes a league with him. In the Eaft, "fiieodoftus warreth ajainft the Perfians, who are
forced to fu^ for peace, andtogiveofFperftcuting the Chriftians. Theodojtiis recowers
Tanmia from the Huns.
In theChurch, CeMinus is Pope 8 years. The wantoh Hereticks, caihdPaierniani
and Veniiftiani} held that mans lower parts were made by Satan. Neftorius Bilhop of
ConflantiHm , gave to Chrift two perfonalities , but one will; He would not have
Mary to be crdled the Mother of God. He was condemned in thcCouncel of Ephefus,
which was the 3. Oecumenical ; his tongue was eat up with worms. Within this
Decad were held 6 Councels. Pope Celeftine fends Pal/adius into Scotland, to fup-
preflePelagianifme there; and Germanus for this end is fent into Britain. The Em-
perors ordain, that Chrifts pifture be not placed neer the ground.
IntheWcftern Empire, Hippo is taken by the Vandals, and ^^frif)^ Cibdued by them; a
peaceis made with themjandN^Kwii^M given forthcmto dwdl in -, but Ge/j/er?cw again ft
the League takes Carthage, and Cizeth upon all Africh^ In the EiR,CcTtflantinopIe burn-
cth for three dayes ; a great Famine followed. Peace is granted to the Per//jn. Tlxodo*
fms gives a great fum to the people to buy Corn ; He finifhcth the Code. The Scots break
down Severus his TurfF wall : jLtius rebuilds it of brick ; this alfo the Scots and Fids
overthrow. Clodio called Crinit/u rtigned in France.
In the Church,5'ixtMj the third fate Pope 9 years; Hewasaccufed of Fornication by
Baffus, but is cleared afterward ; this ^i:)!;?)!^ imbalmed and buried with his own
bands thebody of Bd/w;. FourCouncclshcld within this Decad. The Burgundi'ans
are converted. Patrick^is fent into Scotland, where he fate Bifliop6o years. The
Jews of Crefe are drowned in following their falfe Mofes through the Sea. The Or-
thodox Bifhops arc perfecutcd by Genfericus the .^^rian. Eudocia^ "Iheodoftus his wife,
builds St. Stevens Qiurch at Jerttfalem.
44c-
In the Wcftern Empire,5'ifi/y is invaded hy Genfericus ; He becomes tributary for a part of
Africkf Jn the E A, the HMms-wzde Thrace, Mifta, and Greece. 7 heodo fms hel^tth Vd-
lentiidan againft the Vandals. The Eriiperour is fun to buy peace of Attila. A great
Earthquake at Conjiantimple. Saturtune (lain by the Emprefs. Attila th reatncth war for
want of his tribute; hcis dtfe&tedhy Aiithenius. Tkeodojtus d'ltth mth a fill from his
horfe in hunting. The Anglo-Saxons called into Britain by Vortiger the Ufurptr. The
Scots
of the principal Tafages , 6cc.
-yctfjand nrtsvix the Britahis. ]n Frmice^Clodio beats the P\.omans; Mirovee fucceeds , '*'^^^^/^'/'
liim, uhcftpofteiity coiuiiuicd till Fiftn,
IntheChiirch, Lpo fate Pope 20 years ; He was excommiinicat(«l by Dio/forw BiOiop
of Alexandria, for rejccline the Coiincel of E^hefm. Nine Coiincels held within this
Dccad. Ewficfcejj Abbot of Co///f«i»i?wp/?, gave Ch rift bat one Nature, divine oncly,
which he made paffible ^ He is abfolved in the Councel ofE^hefus. St. Patrkh con-
verts Ireland. Rosationt or Letanies inftitutcd by Pope Leo. The Matlkhees lit Rome
recant and burn their Books. The fevcn Sleepers awake after two hundred yeares
deep.
In Italy the Famine was fo great, that Parents exchanged their children for food. Jttila
^- invadcsFrdnte, and is overthrown; He takes AqulletA. Pope Leo perfwades him to
j^ leave Italy \ he is forced by the Alani into Scythia. Vahitinian kill s JEti:u with his own
hands ; J^Aiiif his Souldiers kill him in revenge : Maximus is killed by Eudocia. Avhuf
ufurpeth theEn^pire 9 moneths. Genferim is expelled Italy. Mauritania loft and won by
Majorajius. In the Eaft, Martian'n Emperour 6 years ; he dreamed that Attihis Bow was
' broken, the fame night he died; Martian died two years aiter •, Leo fucceeded 1 7 years ;
' M(rjo)(??/w is by him made Emperour of the Weft. In Britain, rortiger is depofed and re-
ftored; 3C0 ofthcNobiesllain by the .yrtxorzjjandFor^iger taken prifoncr. The Frewfc
and Gauls unite themfelves by Marriages.CfciWerirw reignes.^ffi/d ftrangled by his own
blood in the night. Jheodoricm the fecond reigns in 5]p(jf«. Attila's fons loft what he
hjd got.
; In t! e Church, Pope Leo refutes the Ai-ei>hali. Victfcorus the Eutychian with his Dlfci-
pVs, were called Mom^hifits and 7heopafchit£, for faying Chrift had but one divine
Nature {.alfiblc ; thcfe with Eiityches are condemned in the fouith General Coun-
cel otChakedoH ; five Counccis were held in this Decad. Conteftation b-tween Rome
and Cmfiamino^le about fuprcmacy. The Orthodox are perfccutcd by the Vandals in
' Africa. AuJlria^'BavariajAndFanonia conwcrted. yfwfw,of an Emperour becomes Bi-
Ihop of Placentia. T!ie Eutychians cm -1 ly againft Proterius Bifhop of Alexandria,vihom
they flew, and chewed his entrails. B.lls ufed firft at Nola in Campania. Monks cal-
led Stitde^ at Conjimtinople.
•450
In the Weft, Majoranus beats tht.Goths in Guuk^ and is beaten by tlie Vandals in Spain ; He is
flain by Sevens hisGeneral,\vho reigned 3 years. Ricimer expels the Alani out of Italy,
and poyl'oneth Sevirus. Authenius, Martians fon-in-law, is.made Emperour by Leo, five
years. In the Eaftj the Goths wafte lUyriu. Genfericus fpoileth the Sea-coafts of the Em-
pire. Canjinniincple burneth 4 dayes. Leo fcts out a Fleet againft Genfericus,to whom it
is betrayed. Leo hated by the people, for betrothing his daughter to^jpdrV fon an
Arian. In Brit(jiM,He?igi/? reigns over if f?2t: Fbr/iger driven into the woods. T'heodori-
cus the Gcth drives the Romans out of Sfain, after 700 years poflellion ; He perfecuted
the Catholikes, and wrote the Gothick Laws : The Oftrogoths defeat the Huns in
Hungary, cut offtheir Kings head, which they fent to Conjiantinople : The Suevesin GaU
licia take Lisbon. The Vandals expelled Sicily by M'«rceJ//>iw,who was treachcroufly flain.
In the Church,Hi/flry fate Pope 6 years; He excluded unlearned nien from the Clergy,
and prohibited Popes fi-om naming their fuccefCor : To him fucceeded Simplicm 1 6
years. 4 Councels held within this Decad. Paulm Bilhopof 2Vb/a, was the firft that
introduced Hiftorical Piftures and Crucifixes into Churches; He pawned hinWelf to
redeem a widows fon that was captive. The Painters hand withered at Conftantino-
p/e, for offering to paint Chrift like J«;>ifer. Litania minor, or three dayes Rogation
inAfccnfion-week,iiiftituted by Mamarcus and Sidouius Apollinarif,'Si^3\i\tt Wolves and
Beares.
— -460
In the Weft, ivicimer rebels againft the Emperour; is reconciled; rebels again, and
Vih Anthemius. Divers petty Emperours at Kome expell each other; the laft is Ah-
^hfiulus, whom Odoacer one of the fjtra/i ban iflicd, and took Rome. Thus cndeth
the Wcftern-Enipire. Odoacer and the Ueruli reigned in Italy till Jufiinians dayes.
In the Eaft, Leo, to pleafc the people, caufeth all Afpars Family to b; flaine :
Leo dy eth ; To bim fucceeds Leo the fecond, and after him Zeno 1 7 years ; He is depo-
fidby Buftlifcus, and afterward recovereth, and depofeth Bclfilifciis. Murcion, Ricimers^
M m m m fop
-470
A brief [hronohpe
fears ofCh,i[t.
480 —
490—
Ton defeateth Zf'W. T\iZ Lombards n2in(^ox:t thcmfdvc^ into fanonia. ChilJerick^oi
Fm«ce takes divers places troni the Empire. For/iger is burnt inhisCaftle in Wales.
Stone-hedge erefted on Saiisbur}-?hias, in memory ot the Saxon- treachery thti e.
In the Church, Aratius^'iiho^ oiConflantino^le claimes the fccond place after the Pope,
■which is confirmed by Leo the Emperuur. Peter FuUo the Eutychian is made Bifhop
ot Antioch,znd condenineth the Councel of Chalcedon. The Hebrew Vowels v;cre
invented about this time. Baftlijcus condemneth theCouncel oiChakedon, biu upon
Zew'i rJiing of forces, he recants. Tht Librnry ot Conjiantirio^le burnt, in which
was Homer in Golden Letters.
In the Weft, Julius Nepes is flain. In the E-ft, Theodorick^ the Goth threatneth Conjiantino^ky
and diethofa fall from his horfc. Itlus und Leo?itm ^ Uturpers, arc taken, and their
heads fent to Co«)?aKtiwp/e. Ze«o gives himftlf to tyranny and riot. C/oz;// the great,
the firft Chriftian King of Fra«ce. In Britain, Hcngifl is flain; the SouthrSaxons pof-
feflcd Surrey andSw/ex. Hwwerici^the Vandal perCc^utes the QathoB^s, and is killed by
»ormts.
In the Church, Talix is Pope 9 years ; He inflitatrd the Feaft of S. Miehael: Six Coun-
cels were held within this Decad. Eutychus his herelie fpreadcth far in tlic Eaft.
Zeno the Greek Emperour is buried in a fit of the Epi&p/je; ^MiAm would not fuiFer the
Tombc-ftone to be removed, though he revived, fohe dicdmiferably: Anajiafms Di-
corMi fuccefds 27 years. Lmginns, Zeno'i brother, ufurpcth in Jf/crx/rM, and occalions a
war. The Emperuurs ftatues dragged about the ftrccts ofConflantino^le : Longinus is ta-
ken and tortured to death. The Bulgarians waftc Thrace; for money they give off
and return. C/ra;/ the King ofFrawe hath divers Viftories; fo hath ^«re//w in Eritairiy
who was poyioned by a Monk. Theodorickj.he Oftragoth waftts Italy, takes Ravenna,
kills Odoacar treacheroufly at a Feaft, To he becomes fole King of Italy 35 years ; He
hath divers Viftories. The Her«/i and LymJarJ; live together, and then quarrel; the
Herw/i defeated. The f^iJ«^a/j make peace with the Rowawj, and recall the ban ifhedCa-
I tholiqu'.s. TheGothsbum the Roman Governour in France within a brazen Bull.
In the Church, Galafius is Pope 5 years; He excluded the lame and blind from the
Piicfthood: Anajiafius the (econd iUccefded two years •, He was an Acatian, and
ditd the death of ^riw: S)773f7jac/.'W fucceeds 1 5 years ; His Antijpopewas Laurence,
and fo there followed a fifth Schiime. Four Councdshdd this Dccad. Ace;>hali, (o
called from having neither Bifhop nor Priift; they wire called alio Theodoftaui, from
Theedofius B'lfhop of Alexandia ; they rciefted the Councel of Cfcu'/ceifo«, and were
lu>-ychians. The Canonical Scripture diftinpuilhcd from Apocrypha. The Babylo-
nian Thalmud, which is the Jews Civil and Canon Law, is finilhcd.
5 co-
in the E ft, Cdta^/e; the Peryian takes Amida, which is redeemed apain. The Bulgarians
take 5>rwiwn in Pamnia. The Emj eruur hires the Goti"; to depart his Dominions.
Ana^afius rcpaireth Daras in Mejopotamia, and aicUth Chvif with men and fhips. Vtber-
Fendragon, in BrifaiH, father of Prince Arthur, makes a League wiih the Svots. Cherdick
foundtth the Kingdomeof the WeR-Saxons, whiih contained EerkjJfire, Hawpfhire,
Wilts, Somtrerjet, Vorfet, Devonfhire and Cornwall. Alaricus and his Ai ian Goths flain by
C/&f^ the Frcni-h King. TAeCf/orici^ the Oftragoth relieves J» owe with Corn, cxpds the
Magicians thence, ancLerefteth Water-works at Ravenu : By Viligeshe takes Sjrmium
from the BuJgarians.
In theCtilVrdi, Sytnrtiachus is confirmed Pope by Theodorick ; He bani/hed the Mmichees
doth many good works •, 8 Councds held within this Dccad, whereof 5 were kept
at Rome, 3 of them about thecauleofi'vmmaf/^;<5. Analiafms mm-ther^d joooCaiho-
liqiKS; He is excommunicated by the Pope. The Feaft of Pe/er and Paw/ inftitiited.
TheChriflians perfcaitfd in ^r<j^a and Palejiine. The Empcrour h.'tes Imagcs,therc-
fore caufeth divers Mongers to be \ ainted. As an Arian was going to baptize, the
water dried up iliddenly an the Font.
In
of the principal Taffa^es^^c,
in the EafI, Vitalianus the Scythictn helps the Qitholich^ -^ fiibducth Tnrace^Scythia and Mifuf-,
forccth Ana^dfius to revoke the banilhcd, and is bribed with money and honours to
depart. The Huns alfo are bribed to Kavc the wafting of Armenia and Ca^aducia. Ana-
ftaJiUi is {Jain by thunder. Jvftin fuccccds 9 years, who got the Empire by bribing ; he-
defeats his Lll'urpcrs, and kils Fifrt/M«/(^: he makes peace with the Per'fum. Clovis of
France dicth, and leaves his kingdome to his 4 Ions. Arthur in Britain takes Loridon,a.nd
beats the Saxons.
In the Church, Hormf/^<t fate IPope 10 years. In this Decad were held 8 Councels. Ana-
y?<it/7«J perfecutes the CatholicKs againft his own Inftrument made to the contrary,
which he burned: he^dded to the Trifagion][^ffijo was crucificed for its'] this caufida
fcdition : he fleighted the Pojes Ambafladours. 350 Orthodox Monks flain by
Sevens the Eutychian Bifhop of Antioch ; who being condemned to lofe,' his tongue;,
fiyethinto j^Cg^pt. £e««ef founded hi« Order on mount CfljJ^J.
The Sclavi ofScythia takes Iftria : the%ombards for the fervice againft the Goths obtain An-
ftria of Juftin ; he dieth : his filters fon Juliinim fuccecdeth 3 8 years ; he fends Belifa^jus
and Procopius againft the Perftans, and aideth the king oiColchos againft them : he fetteth
out his Code : by Mwtdm he defeats the Getes and Bulgarians in Britain ; Tort^yeeldeth
to Arthur i who forceth the Saxons to Peace: the Eaft-Saxon kingdom founded by
'Erchenroyn ; it contained Ef[ex.,MiddlefeXi and part of Hdrf/ori-(hire : the Scots and Pifts
aid king y^rfi«r. Sigifrtiund king of Burgundy isflain and caft into a Well. Gondamare'is
chofen, and expelled by Clodomire and Ihyerre-Atbalaricuf king of theOftrogoths,fon of
y^ma/e/Mnffcia a .learned woman in all languages. The Lombards poflelle Panonia. Hil-
</eric<^is imprifoned and flain by the Vandals.
In the Church, John (ate Pope 3 years, he is imprifoned and famifhed : his faccefTir f^-
iix fouth, fate 4 years; heinftituted Extrcam Unftion, and did good works. Seven
Councels held within this Decad. To the Order of Bennet the Italian Monk belong
theCasleftianSjCarthufians, Cifteaux, and Monks of Clugny. Zarof king of Colchos
bapiized at Conftant. Pope Jofc« is forced to intercede with juftjn for the Ariam. Ge-
iffce;kinj of the Hew/i baptifcd at Confiant. Juftinian ordered fwearingby theGo-
fpels. Tzani of Armenia fubdued by Ju^iniany and converted.
ielifarius Is defeated in Ferfia,he overcomes F'rohHS and the other Rebels. Sardinia is rcn-
dred to Jujiinian. Belifarins recovers Carthage from Gilimer, after it had been pofleircd
' 95 years by the Vandals. GiUmer brotight captive to Conftantine, and kindly ufed by Ju-
fiinian, who divides Africk^ into 7 Provinces. Belifaritts takes Syracufe and other towns
in Sicily. Mmdm and his fon .flain. Belifarius hathdivers ViftoriesandConqutfts in A-
/?j, being aided by 2V(ir^j the Eunuch. Viti^es the Oftrogoth led in triumph to Conflan-
tino^le by Belifarius. Cofroes the Perfan makes a long league with the Rowans,hut is foon
broken. Cari/c/^ the Weft-Saxon takes the Ifle of ^f'igfcf 5 Henrici<^ his fon overthrows
the Britdins : the French kings divide BurgUtidy artiongft them, fo that kingdome endeth:
The Frew/j invade 6'pa?«, and makes the Go/fci abjure Arianifme. Amalari theVifigoth is
killed by his wives brothers. Vitiges king of the Oftrogoths, is imploycd againft the Per-
Jians. Gilimer the Vandal puts out his brothers eyes. The Vandals being driven out of
Jfrick^y fcek out new Plantations in Poland, Hungaria, Greece and Germany.
in the Church, Boniface fate Pope 2 years ; his Antipope was ZJio/cerW, which made the
fixthSchifme. John 2 fate 3 years: Agapetus 3 years : Silverius^ years; his Anti-
pope is" Vigilius, and fo is they Schifine. This Vigilius fate 1 6 years, who banifhed
and famifhed Silverius. 9 Councels held this Decad. Dionyfiusa. Roman Abbot be-
gins to reckon the years fromChrifts Birth,which before were reckoned from thc^'?;-
ra of Bioclefian. J«/?mM« publiflieth his Inftitutions andPandefts. Zanaharzns k'mg
of Iberia baptifed at Conftaniino^le. The fpoils of Jerufalem taken by Titus, and tran-
fported by Genferivus to Africb^-, are reftorcd by Juftinianto Jerufalem. He convcrtcth
the Stews into a Covent of Penitents : he becomes an Eutychian, and is converted
by Vo-fc Agapetiis. Bavaria is converted. Juftinians [Conjiit. wvt//.] pubiillied.
Mmmm 2 I;i
Tears of CI), UK'
— 5^0
— 53d
A brief Chromlo^ie
Years afck
540
■'ft.
550'
,-l
56c-
57<:
In the Ezd^Belifarius beateth the Ferfiitn ; Juftinian rcpaircth Antioch^md buildeth a Church
there : Bdilarins c.iUed out of Ferfia into Italy, where he rail'eth lotila fr. m the liige of
Hddrmih'.min the Wtft. Toiila taketh Rome, which is by Belifarm retaken •, wiih other
towns in Italy. Belifarins recalled into Perfta : a plot diicovtred afiainft iht Empcionr;
Cofroes upon the comming of Eelijariiis returns home from vtxin? the Empire : he is re-
moved by bribfs from EdefTa. In Bi itain Arthur, and Mordred diffi:i- , and are flain; Mor~
dycds two f( ns killedby Co^i/?J?2fwethe Ufurper. Northumberland a kingdome, foundcc
by El/a and Ida ; it contained belldes Northumberland. Tork^jhiTe,Lancaf}me,ruTham, Cum-
herlmd,^ndJFe(imorland. At Kome,Ba/;//«i was thelaftConful. Tht: French reauning
from S^ain with much booty , bring with them the garment of Vmentius the Martyr,
and build a Church for him at S. Germans.
In the Church, FijiiWw fits as lawful Pope; he fends divers (hips to Kome with corn,
which Totila incercepttth. 3 Councels held within this Decad. An hidian king
fends to y«/?iHM?jfor fome toBaptife'himandhis people. The Feaft of Purif:atiott
ordaintdat Couflantinofle.
liomeand all Italy fubdued by Totila, who alfo waftes '•icily : Arlahanes expels the Goths,
and recovers it. Nar\es kils totiLi and recovers Italy; the Per fiati defeats iht Romans,
and is defeated by thtrn : JufliTiiati kils his Commanders tor flaying the King of the La-
zii. After Totila and Th^iof his 1 ncccflbr wcrekilled,there were no more Gotifli kings in
Italy: but N«r/ej governed it under the title of Duke, till bting angred by JuJiinianS
wif.3 he called in the Longobards i tht Goths had held Italy 70 years , the Lombards kept
it 204 years, that part which is between the Alpes andAppenin In Franee Clothayre
fubdueth the Saxons and Thuringi ; he purfueth Cramtius into £rif(iin,and burns him.
.- In the Church, the 5 General Councel is held ^tConfimt. for fupprcffjng of Herefies,
there were four more National Synods within this Decad: Vigilius oppofeth the
C'^ncd of Conflmt. and isbanifhtd; at laft fubmits and dyeth. Pe/(?gw fucceeds
4 years : The Wtft-rn Bifliops at Aquileia rejeft this fifth General Councel , which
made a Schifme between theE-.ftern and Wtftern Churches, almoft 100 y.ars.To the
Bifhop of Con{\ant. is afligned the next i lace to the Pope. Julius Halicarnafeus taught
that Chrifts body was injpalllble after his Conception : the ^rmf«/dW are again con-
vcrtid to theFaith.
In tht Empire to Jujlinian fuccecded Jujiin fccond 1 1 years ; he was a iuft Princi,in giving
V. ay that an exemplary punnifliment fhouldbeinflifttdon agnat m n, who had op-
prcfltdapoore woman ; but he was unfortunate in h's warsagainft Ferfia; foheftll
intoa Phrcnfie, and dyed. In France, a hill ncerilo/ja« bellowed many dayes like an
Oxe, andthcnbrakeafnnder tothedtftruVion ofmany VilL ges, Peoph andCattel.
King Clothairt dying left his kingdom to his four fons. Levigildus king of the Vifi?oths
in 5p(7f«, wins CorJii^^T and other places : theExarchat of Kai^e/ma now began. Alboinus
reigns in Lombardy 3 years.
In the Church, 7ot?j 3. fate Pope 1 2 years : the Chriftiaas are perfecuted bv the Jfws
and Samaritans in Palejiina , but are fupprefle d and punifted by tht Empcrour. The
Monothelites incrtafe about this time. ThcFrewffoand S^atiifJj Chrgy differ about
thtiimeofEafter. The Church of ^rmemd is vexed by Coj^oej the Perfjan. Alboimis
ki; g oi Lombardy , murthers the Chi iftians of Italy and Sicily ; and he not long after
is nnirthered. Theodimiras in Galicia king,of an Arian becomes a Catliolike. 2 Cuun*
eels held within this Decad.
In thcEaft, Martian was forced to raife the fiege from Niftbif. Apamea taken by the Per-
iians. The /^t^.ire; pafle DrtH«t(M5 and doe much hurt : Cofroes dtfeatedby Ju(iiiiia/i the
General. Tyberms is Emperour 7 years in BritaLn. v'tfa founded the kingdom of
the Ecfft-Angles , containing the Ifle of F/}j AV/o/i;, Suffolk^ ^xudCamhrid^e-Kirt. The
I Lombards ev\\.tv France ^dirxd are repilfed : Charibers brethren diffent ; Civil wars in
' Frar.cr. LiwWvvinneeh Cirap^/.'w. Alhoin tht Lombard tor making his wifr drink in
, her fathers skul, is murthercd ; fhe is poyfoned. Clt^bes Aiboins f( n, reigned 1 vear 6
\ moucths, and was flain; then Lom^ctr^ was governed ID years by 30 Dukes. Longiniis
I the Exarch loft his eyes ai Gnfiantinofle^^fos vbich he kiikd two Patritians. Tht. Huns
j Expelleti Get many by the French.
of the principal ^ajfa^jes^^c.
MiTHrifw makes peace with Cofroes; the Huns invsidc Thrace. Pifcus defeats the Huns, and
expels the Sc/awoutofl'fcrace; he is removed and then rcfto red : he beats the H;(W a-
gain. Co/?oeidepofedby hisSubjefts, and reftored by Ma«ri:iw , ?nd m.idehis Gudid
oiChriRhns- Edilwach iChiiftian king oftheSouth-Saxons; a great famine in hi<; time,
lb that people drowned themfelves.EfAe/frc^defeatcd the Britains,& flew 1 2000 Monks
at Bangor. Ethelbert king oi Kent converted hy Angufiine ; he built S. Pauls in London.
Sects and Biitains have war with the Saxons and Pifts. Childebert the French king,
takes divers towns in Italy. JgiMpfcwj the Lombard is baptifed, and named Psm/j he
hath divers viftories. Chaganus the Hurt , invades the Fe/zef/aK territories : Heabuftth
Tcwilda the widow, and then Ilaketh her for her treachei-y.
Ill the Church, Cregory the great fate 1 3 years; he was elefted agalnft his will : he ftiles
himfclf, Servant of Gods fervants; he added to the Liturgie [_Givp yeace in our time
0 Lnrd'] and [ Lord have mercy on us ] and Ha!!elu;ah : He confirmed Prayer to Saints,
Purgatory, and facrifices for the dead : He redeemed many Captives , and kept dai-
ly 3 oco Monks. 12 Synods held witRin this Decad. Gregorjjupon a great P]agu'-,of
which 800 died in an hourc, inftitntedthe feven-fold Letanyor ProcelTion, called
the Great, Roman, and Gregorian. 40 Virgins brake out of S. Kadegunds Monaftery,
who expelled the Abbefle, and beat the Bifllops and Monks. Gregory reproves John 01
Conjianinople for alTuming the title of [Ltniverfal Bifhop.^ By Gregory the Britains and
Lombards are converted.
Mduritius will not redeem the Captives taken by Cfcflganw, therefore they areflain. Fhocjs
is beaten for urging the Emperour againfl: Commentiolus ; this Commeniiolus with Frifcus
kill Chagmus his 2 fons,i 2000 H«?«,and took 13000, at which Mauritius was offended:
he was forewarned of his death : upon fufpition he imprifoneth Fhili^^icus, hecmfe his
name began with Ph. but Fhocas flew him with his two ions , and fo fucceeded 8 years.
Theodoftus (on to Mauritius is flain, as he was going to Cofroes. Narfes fufFers him ifelf tc
be beaten by Cofroes, with whom hcjoyns, then is reconciled to Fhocas, and burnt at
Ccnjiantinoi>le. Mauritius his widow and daughters put to death. Fhocas tyrannileth
over the Nobility; attempts to kill his fon in lawPri/ci«-, he is at Lft cut in peeces
an*d burnt. In France Fi^in is brought to Clothayrs Court by Caroloman his father. Liu-
ba Prince of the Vifigoths is flain by FiJ/ericw. Prf^/Hd burnt by the Lombards, upon
ivhich Fenice increafeth by new comniers.j
In the Church, Sahiman was Pope 2 years : he hated Gregory and his writings. Boniface
3 . fucceeded i year. He appropriated the name Pope, by Vhocas his means, to the Bi-
Ihop of Rome. Boniface 4fucceeds : He inftituted the Fealis of All-Souls,next day af-
ter All-Saints: He confecrates the Pantheon to the Virgin Mdry and all Martyrs.
4 Coimcels this Dccad. The Agnoete held that Chrifts divinity was ignorant cf the
io.ft d.iy. The Jrithets founded by Johannes Grammaticus oe Philo^^oJius, made three
Naturts or Eflences in God. The Jacobites from Jacob the Syrian, were Eu-
tychians. Armenii fo called from their Countrcy , held a Quatcrnity in God ;
M«dc
In the Church, Bewiff is Pope 5 years; Pelagius 2. fucceeded 12 years. He was thefiift
eleftcd Pope without the Empwours content, the City being beiiegcd by the Lom-
ba'ds. Two Councels held this Decad.
In the Eaft, HormifdaCoJroes his fucceflbur, is beat by the Romans. Mauritius regaitieth all
from the Perlian that was loft. Tiberiuf died of a furfeit of Gourds. Mauritius iucctcd-
cd 1 6 years. The Huns take Sirmium : they are defeated by Commentiolus. Philif>piciis beats
the Perlian s twice; and Gtrmanus once. Milgo Conanus King of Britain, a wicked
Prince. Cridii founded the kingdome of Mercw, containing 1 7 Shirt*S5and half uf Hf^rf-
ford-ihire; after the death oi Carecaus,loQ. the Eaft part of the kingdom : wars between
the Scots and Pifts. Chitdebt^rt of France goeth againft the Lombards, at the Enipcronrs
de'iire; he is murthered. The kingdome of the ^'kewj in Ga/Ziddjatter iy6 years polfef-
fion is annexed to the Vifigoths. The Lombards chofe themfelves a new King .- Livigild
the Vifigoth kils hi s own fon. Recaredus the firft, becomes a Catholikc , he was a good
Prince.
In the Church, Gregory is fcnt to the Emperour , to excilfe the Etcftion of Pelagius. 1 1
Councelsaflembkd this Decad.The Bene^yiSiwe^ expelled out ofMount Cmfine by the
Lombards: They bnild a Covent At Rome. Chrift's feamlefle Coat was found by a
Jew. The Pope and Bifhop of CoHJ?a«fi«opfe differ about the title of Univer£al Biihop.
Tears of Chi^.
-380
—599
-600
A brief Chronologie
rears »fchi-i/l.
6l0-
S.
62c-
63 c-
madc God paffibk, and dcnyed that Chrift took his humanity from Mary. Boniface
called LIiiiverfal-Biftiop by Phocas. The Enipei-or is in a dream acciifed ot homicide,
for liot redeeming the Captives-, therefore growes penitent. Mahumet begins 10
broach his doftrines. ThcBiiliopof^«fwc/j abulcdand burnt by the Jews, and the
Chriftians perfecuted by thetn.
IntheEaft, Herac/wj reigns 31 years: he makes his fon Heradiw Emperor, and new-
names him Co«/f(«Uine. The 5c/rtw plant themfelves in Dfl/wafiii and Z^riJ, now called
^c/dvowid fiom them. Talepne &nd J a HJalem ^Nonh'^ the Pcrlians, whoUibdue Ep}'pf,
and take PamrtfcHi ^\\ACaxtbage. Co/roej rcfuftth to make peace with Heradiia , ixcept
he will re)eft Chrift, andadore the Sun* The Emperor is betrayed by Chaguniis^ and
defeated in 'Tforace. G/row is adored as a God. EWi King of Ke?zt becomes a Gentile,
and marrteth his ftepmother , but is reclaimed by the Archbifliop. Brunchild in Futme
fets the Kings at variance ; at lafl being found guilty of the death often Kings, is tycd
by the hairs of her head toawild-horfeand torn iJipeeccs. Vi^erkus theVifigoth is
flain by his own people at a fcaft. Sifebutus his fucceflor and brother converted 90000
Tew<s : EkHthtrius the Exarch ftilcth himfelf King oi Italy j he is flain by his fouldicrs,
and his head fent to Conftaniino{>le.
In the Church, Vcus-dedit fate Pope 3 years: He ordained, that none fliould marry
their godfathers or godmothers, and that none fhouldanfwer for their own chil-
dren in baptifme. Bcniface 5. fuccceded 8 years; He inftituted SanatiaricB. Six
Councels gathered this Decani. Co/roe; carrieth the CrofTe of Chrift from Jerufalem
to Perfia. The Jewes flie out of Spain into Fratice, wheieftriftlawes are alfo made
againft them.
Heradiui robs the Churches, to pay the fouldiers in his Perfian expedition; He leaves the
care of the City, and of his ion, to the Patriarch, and a Patriti:n. Seventy A mbaf-
fadors betrayed by Saes the Pcriian, and fent in chains to Cojhes. The Perfians defeated
by the Emperor, and the Temple of the Sun overthrown. Kinive is taken, and Co/roef
driven to Seleucia. Sarbora with his forces revolteth to Heraclm , who rcturncth with
the CrctTe and other fpoils to JerHfalem, and driveth the Jewts out of the City. Cojroes
flr'itth his General S(tes^ becauie he did not catch Heradius. Shoes the eldeft fon of Cof-
roe/, kills all his brothers firft, and then his fether. Ab<iUt this time the Faith was ini*
hracedin Nortbuniherldnd ■, andthe Archbifhoprick of T^jr/^^founded. In Scoilmd^ King
Ferfjuliard, forPtLgianifme, is imprifoned by his Nobles, and then kills himfelf.
In FraiKt^TipnCarolommCs fon is made by Clothaire the i Duke oi Brabant .Mahumet ^ieth
to Mecha from his enemies ; from this flight the THrk^ begin their Computation,calle(i
Hegiyt : He becomes of a Prophet a Robber, and takes Mecha.
In the Church, Pope Ho'wnw fate 13 years : He built andrepaireid divers Churohes i
he covered S.Pefen with brafle, taken from the Temple of Romulus. Heradius the
Emperor becomes a Monothelite; this herefie was condemned in the 6. General-
Councel held at Confiant. The feaft of the Exaltation of the Croflc,inftituted ^ept. 14.
being now regained from the Perftan.
The 5'drdcewj' being denied tlxeir pay, and called Dogs by the Emperors Treafurer, they
make war againft MamtiHf ; they take Gaza and other places, with Arabia, and defeat
the Emperor twice, whole garrifon they drive out oi Vamafciu ; then they invade
Emf,and take Jerx/d/em, which the Emperor fearing, plundered it before: It was
held bv the Saracens; till Godfrey oi Bulloigti's time, 463 years. The Saracerj take Antiochy
EdejfayT>ar,K,zrtd a.\l Meftfotamin. Er(>e?2)ir<iWKingof the Eaft-Angles,flain by his people
forbeingaChriftian. Vagobert becomes folc Monarch oi France; he founded a Col-
Icdge for Fair womeD,andbcautifiethS.I)e««^; he hath divers viftories. Hothar is iht:
Lombard gave liberty of confcicnce to Catholikes and Arians. Ifaacius the Exarch
robs the Popes treafure. Mahumet dieth. ThcPerfians fubdutd by the Saracens.
In the Church, Severinus, John 4. Iheodorus Popes, fuccceded each other in a fliort time,
M<«r/ztt fate Pope 6 years. Six Councels were held vs'ithin this Decad : in the 6. of
loledo^
of the principal 'Pafages , 6cc.
tokdo, the King? of.S>4i« arc ordered to Iwcar, that none but GliriftiansfhOiifd be
fntFcrcd to live wiihin their Kingdomcs ; hereupon the Jewes arebanilhed. Jmandw
Bifhop oWtricbt converts Gamt to the taith.The Chriftians are permited to exercife
their Religion at Jcmfdm, Abont this time, England was divided into Parifhcs.
In the E^^^,Conjiantine 2. HeradiHS his fon, reigned 4 moneths,and is poyfoned by his "ftcp-
niothcr Mrfrfi«<r, '•who with her fon Hetrrc/ecH reigned 4moneth3; fheloft hertonifue
and he his nofe, for themurther oiConfiant'me , whofc lonConftans rci^ncd 27 years,
JPlmrftcr-Church in England, audA/v/zne/Wy-Abbey, founded by Kmwdi\ Frequhardz.
King of Scotland, ravKhcth his Daughter, and killed his Queen. Dagcbert of France ic-
pairs'L''fwA)f, and bcftows it on thtBiftop ofCc/ew. The Saracens tal^c C^far^a in P.i-
leftmc after 7 years Ijcgf •, they fubdue all ^7/^,839 years after Antiochus the Great loft it.
Haumar builds a Ten^ple iii Jmjolm fpr his Superftition, in v?hich he was nmrthcred.
Hothmm his fuccclTar ni?kcs Ajrkk^tx'ihax^'f, 3ji4 conquerctl^Cypn/.?.
In the Church, Pope Afjr^m for oppofing theA^onothelitcSj isfent by the Exarch to
Cmjieniinafk, ■where he is imprifpne4, ancj then bani(hc4 to Pontus. 6 Counfcls held
thisDccad. TheEmpfror fitsoiitangdift, fprbiddjqgPifpL}tations ^boutoneor
tvv'o Wills in Chrift. Tyrrhus the Monothelite, Patriarch oiConflantino^le, recantcth
and rclapfcth.
Tca-.s ufchiijf-
The Emperor buycs two years peace of the Saracens for a great fum ; they take Rhodes,
and d' feat the Emperor in a Sea-fight, he efcapcd in. -I difgiiife, then he beats the Muvi.
Mhhavm the Saracen makes peace with the Emperor , and promifeth a daily tribute.
The Emperor kiils his brother,and is affrighted in hisflccp about hlm.Feada of MerciA
the firilChrifliankhig there, laid the foundation o( Medhamftead, now teteri?urgh , bnt
Was (lain before hef^nifhcd it. Si'gebert of France adupteth Hildebert {on of Gnmoidd,
but afterward having a fon T>aphert, him Gr/moaW fliut up in a Monaftery In '^cof/W,
and makes liis fon /J//</e6e/f King, \j'hup? CUdave'm |fpf»rif9neth3 an4 make? his Ton
CfciWertc/^^Ki ng. The >$■(« wew Fleef feuriit fey the Ciujfti^n^
in the Church, Eugenius 4. fiuppllelh M^^tins place being jbfentj he appointed Biiljops
to faave prifons of their ovvn for Clergy-delipqueiits. JPope Fftalmns fuccefds
34 years; he brought Orggifls into jtli^ Church. Four Gottoce^s Md t)iisD^cad„
The Roman Clergy foilicitcd by tiie gwpe^or to fiifefcrfibe to the Typi or Edift,
but iJi vain. Maxm^t the Abbot, for refuiiug is (c;ou^-ged, his towgue cut out, and
tie riglit hand cut Qff,?ndt(h/enbanilhcd. Ccsj^a 9. of ferfijft or farthift rather, is
bapiifed at Cojijiantintfle ; and by herjiieajiS, her busb^u4 arid peopie.
■640
— —(55b
The .S'ardfewtttake peace among themfelveS, andrefuleto payxhe Emperour his Tri-
bute; he is defeated hy^he Lombards, and tranfporteth from KowtbiS'fcffy ail the
brafle-monuments; He intended to make5'>r<icM/e the feat of the Empire: SapgresEo-
'vernom of Armenia rcbelkth; bnti« killed byhiShorfc. The Eniperour ftaycs at
5)'r<icKJe,andisflain. Con/f (J«f ine his fon fucce'eds lyycers, who flew Afezf Hf/V^ his i
Conipetitor,andcuts offhis two Brother* nofcs,thatthty might not rule with him.
Wd^nere king of Mereid kiUs his 2 fbn« with his own hands, forhejng bapti fe d, but
repents, and finifheth Pefertori5«g6-Church, which his brother began. CAovit of
France open eth S.pewi^ Tomb, and upon this fals mad. Gmdebert aud Pertharit
two brothers, ftrive for Lombardjii but both are expelled by Grimmld t>. of Benevent.
The S<tr«icew depopulate .^ric.
IntheClinrch^d/eotfflfwfatePopejyears. .«; Councels thisDiecad; one was hel^ in
England, about the diffeccnce betwedi cheiEnglilh and Scots for obfer-ving the Feaft
©f Eafter. The Emperour xobsvtbe Church ^d Rome, and givcsiher pr i viledcgeS.
'()66
The Srtrdceni take SjTtfCK/e, and carry thence \o 4lexandxia the brafle-monuments, xvhich,
Con/J'JWi had taken out of Kome: they befiege f;;'Z(mfi;<m 7 years togeijhcr. 30000 Srt-||
r(jcf?;fflain, their Fleet firedby Qcfllimcvi with wil.d-'fice. Peace granted to them foi
go years paying a tribute of Gold, Captives anciiiorfes. The Bul^an feat themfllves ir
the
67c
A brief Qbromlo^ie
^'car. nfchnfl.
680-
6po-
700
the lovvfer Micfia. called from ihem Bulgaria. The Emperoiir is forced to peace with
them. Bamba the Viligoth ovcrcomnieth his Rebels: he is poyfoncd. Childeric the
French king, for caiiling a Gciitkman to be whipped, is iLiine by him, with his
Queen great with child. The Saracens invade SpaiHy and loofe to Bamba 270 fhips.
In the Churchj Vonnm the firfl: iate Pope 2 years ; he fubjefted the Church of Ravenna
to Rome. Agatho fuccecded 4 years. 5 Coiincds ihis Dccad. Chrifts Napkin, 8 foot
long, found by the Jewes, taken from them by the Saracens, and given to the
Chriflians.
Con(iantine being dead, his fon Jujiinian {accceds 10 years. Divers countries taken from
the Saracens, who are forced to pay 3 yearly tribute of 1000 Crowns, with ahor(e
andfervant daily for 10 years. jH^i>iw« defeats the 5'ctoi, and is defeated by the Bul-
garians. Cadreallader the hikK'inp, o{ the Britains, becomes a Monk in Kome. K-Maldvoyn
oi Scotland is ftrangkd by his wife, and (he is burnt. In King Eugenim the 6. his time,
it rained blood through all Britain for feven daycs. In France, 7fceoioric of a Monk
is made King ^ he perfccutcs his Bifhops. The Maronites take from the Saracens all from
TaurM to Libatm. The Saracens have civil-war among themfelves.
In theChurchjLPo 2. wasPopcj He ordered the killing of the Pdx. To him fuccecded
Bennet 2. The Emperor gives way, that the Popes eleftion ftand good, without his
or fucctfTors approbation. Jefcw 5 . fucceeds ; After him is the8.Schifme between
Feter indTheodore, the one being chofen by the Exarch, theother by the people;
a third is chofen, Cononby name; then follows the 9. Schifme between 27jeoJorf
zr\d Pafil^l. at lafl.S'ergiwfuccceds i4years. 7 Councels held thisDecad. All the
Manicbees in Jrmeniabarnt by Jujiinian. Sergius appointed tu befungat the Com-
munion, [p Lamb cjGoi, fohich tak^fl away tbefinnes of the Wo: Id! ]
The Saracens offer fatisfaftion to the Emperor for wrongs done by them , which is re-
jefted, and the peace broken ■, He hireth the Sclavi, and by them beats the Saracens, but
20000. of them revolt, the Emperor is thereby defeated, and kills the rtfl: of them :
upon this lofle, Sabatius governoiu' of Armenia delivers up the Country to the Saracens.
LcoHfiiH being delivered by the Emperor out of prifon, and made governor of Greece,
takes luftinian, cuts off his nofc, and banifhcth him into Pontus. This Leontins reigned
3 years; He expels by his brother lohn the Saracens out of Africk^, and he again ex-
pelled by them; He fets upTiberius Abfimarus 7 years-, he cuts off Lcowfiw his nofe,
and thrufts him into a Monalkry. The Saracens in Sjiia defeated by the Romans.
ri|>i« is made Major ofthi Palace over all France; he had C^ar/e; Mir /e/ by his Con-
cubine. Ina King of the Wcft-Saxons buiit S. /^rtrfrewi Colledge in IFells, beautified
Glaffenkry, and was the firft that paid Peter-pence. The Jewes confpire againft the
King oiFiftgoths in Spiin ; they are upon this made flavcs. The Venetians choofe them
a Duke called Paulus Lucius, upon the Lombards incurfions into thpir territories.
In the Church, PopeSergiw rejefteth the Counccl of Trxto , for adding 103 Canons
to the 6. General Councel; Hcis accufed ofwhoredome, and ftrangely acquitted
by the Baftards at ipdaycsold. 6 Councels called within this Dccad. It was de-
creed that Eofter-wcek , called Se^fiW(J?wi«<?/6*f, (houldbekcpt holy; the Virgin
M^r/; Nativity is made a Feaft..
The Saracens killed in Armenia. Mahumet reduccth again the Country into obedience
1 2000 Saracens killed in Cilicia. Philippicus is banifiied, for drcnming he lhou:d be Em-
peror. 2M^i«w« is reftored again to the Empire by the Bulgarians, S years; Hehangcth
A['ifmarns,Heraelius, and Leontins ; He breaks league with thcBiilsas ians, and is beaten
by them. O/aKingoftheEaft-Saxons, aihi^idJFejimiufter-Charch:, Hcwithifem-ei
King of MeiTfrt, went to Rome and became Monks. Ewenius the 7. of S«f/W loflhis
Q^iecn by two Bebels who entrcdliis chamber, and midlno; him, killed her great with
• : child. The Norm<i«j make the firft onftt upon France, and do much mifchicf on the
Coaft. Arifert invades Lomhardy, and doth many cruel afts ; the Saracens invade S^ain,
and do much hurt. Cracus Princc.ofPo/<i«J expels the Fianconians out ofhis domi-
nion , builds Cracowij, and makes it his chiei rcfidence: He dcftroyed ami{i:hievous
Monfter,
of the principal ^afages^3<.c.
Monfter, by flinging into its cave a Calfs-skin ftufftwith biimftone, pitch and nitre,
which he devourcd,and i'o dyed.
In the Church fate John the 6. 3 years; He repaired ChurcheSj and redeemed Gap-
tivesj upon his Intreaty, Gi/w/pAMX D.oiBeneverUgive off plundring oi Cartifania.
Arisen the Lomiar*/ beftoweth the Cotcian Alpes on the Chureh : This was the fiift
Province the Pope pofleflcd. John the 7. fucceeds 3 years ; He built our Ladies Chap-
pel in St. Feters Church : Zozimus fucceeded 20 dayes, then Confiantine 7 years ; the
Emperour met him at Nice, and killed his feet. CaUinicHS, Patriarch ofConflantino^k,
had his eyes put out, and banifhed to Rome : The Emperour could not procure the
Pope to confirm the Councel ofTrullus. Focl'ix Bifhop of RdW/wu, loft his eyes, and is
haniftied to Fontui for reftiiing to pay his tax due to the Pope at his Confecratiou :
The Pope freeth Fopid from MHlaru jurilcliftion.
y«/?i«id« fends an Army againft Cier/o«e/Mj, which killed multitudes, rofted the Nobks
upon fpits, & 73ooo.childrcn were drownedrThe Cherfonefians at this pro claim Pfci/ip-
pjcw Emperour i year, who beheaded Juftinian^ and cut the throat of his fon Tiherius.
Ihrace is wafted by the Bulgarians : Fkili^pkits is taken^nd his eyes put out: Jnaflaf^uf
^rtem/w fucceeds 2 years. The ^drrtcewi fend a Fleet again ft Co«j?<»2///jof>/e. A mutiny in
Thxmda in the Emperours Army, in which the General is killed, and one TheodoftM.
chofen, who heik^tthConfiafitimple, takes Jnajiafius, and thrufts him into a Monaftcry;
his General Leo I[anrus is chofen 24 years. Theodojius, to redeem his fon, refigneth and
becomes a Prieft. Solyman hefiegah Conflanthwph, where he dyeth, withmoft of his
Army. Omar reneweth the fiege, and departeth with lois Confiantine Copro?iymus born.
The Aichbiftiop ofjhejfalonica and the Bulgars fct up Jnajiafius again, but the Authors
arc executed. The French beat the Goths quite out of France. Charles Mcrtel, heir to
PipiHjdoth great feats. The Prt?Jej wafte Here/br</|^ire. Etbelbald King oi Mertia builds
CroWrtHi Abbey, Mordacus King of Scots, built many Churches and Abbeys. Roderick^
the Viiigoth, is killed with his Army by the Saracens, who makes Corduba tht ieat of
their Kingdome. The Goths retire into Cantabria. Pelagius defeateth the Moors, and is
niade King of Oviedo. .^^riperf of Lom^dii/; is drowned with his Treafurein the River
Fa^ia. A great diffention falls out between the Bifljops of Aq^uiUia and Grada, The Sa-
racens wafte and take much of the Empire.
In the Church, Gregory the 2. fate Pope 17 years; He recieemsCwffJ.^ from the Duke o4^
Benevent: TwoCouncels held this Decad. 0/Mdr perfecuteth the Chriftians. Ger-
man)! converted by Boniface. RaJboldus D. of Frifia will rather go to Hell with many,
tlien to Heaven with a few. John, a. blind Monk,made Patriarch of Conflantinople,be-
caufc he foretold that Phili^^icus ftiould be Emperour.
Leo makes his fon Conllanti?te Emperour ; from him all the Weft falls off, for prohibiting
Images; His Army alfo rebels. A^ice in B/tirtia befieged by the ^arare/w. Charles Martel
hath great Viftorics againft the Germans, BavarianSy Friftans, and Moors. Luitf^rand the
Lombard, takes Rivehna from the Exarch, and lofeth it. Pfl?zethe Exarch, and his {on,
are flain at Kome, for intending to kill the Pope. EMycfcw the Eunuch was the laft Ex-
arch, for he was expelled afterward by Luitprand: The Exarchs had ruled in Jtal)i under
the Emperour 182 years. Cfo(Jga?JW defeats Mujalmas andhis Saracens.
lntheChurch,PopeGreg<5rjjfit8,andis oftentimes attempted to beflain by the Empe-
rours emiffaries -, At laft he excommunicates the Emperour. The Jews are feduced
by a falfe Meffias. 3 Councels held this Decad all at Rome. The Jews great enemies
to Images. Leo, upon hope of long lite, pulls down Images, he was called therefore
Icommaehus; HisEdift againft Images caufeth much trouble; He hurncth a great
Library, and 1 2 Library-keepers in it ; His Statues are overthrown , and Conjian-
tinofk befieged by the Greeks. The Friftans are converted. St. Auftins bones
redeemed from the Saracens^ and traaflated to Papia, Franconia and Hajjta convierted
by Wmifred.
rcariofCh.ifi.
-720
Nnnn
t'^a'm,
A brief Chromlogie
Years «fchii[l.
730
740-
750-
Tiberius the Llfurpers h«ad is fcnt by the Exarch from Italy to Conftantimplc. The SarfiC.ens
plunder ^//rt. One Pfoi%ifHi fcoiirged for abfolving Witches, who had killed fome
Infants. Solymmi the Saracen General, takes many Towns and Captives from lj6&. In
Frame, Charles is viftorious over the Moors and Goths. In St^ain^ Al^bonftis Kipg of
Leon afTimies the title of Catholiqiie. RittcgaruSy a German Princejfor beinjj; beaten by
Veiida daughter to Cracus oiPoland, kills himfelf. The Venetians kill Orjo their Duke,
and choofc annual Magiftrates. Luitfrand the Lombard, and the Exarch, make league a-
gainft the Pope.
In the Church, Gregory the 3. (lite 1 1 years ;His Revenues in Sicily and Calabria amount-
ing yearly to 8000 I. are detained by the Emperour. Luit{>randhei\e^ethRomei and
takes four Cities from the Pope 5 the Emperour will not be perfwaded by the Pope
and Italians to reftore Images. One Councel held at Rome this Decad. Boniface
founded the Bifliopricks oiRatishone and Saltzbwg.
Copronimus fucceeds Leo 3 4 years ; he takes Ardavajius the Ufurper with his two fons, and
putsout their eyes, and caufeth y^«fl)?rt/(!/i the Patriarch to be led back uponanAfle
through Co?/^d?2fi«opfe, for aidinghim. A great earth-quake in i'jr/J , and a Plague in
Confiantino^le. TheEmperoursFket beats the Egyptian Moores , and the Saracens of
Cyprus. Charls dicth in France, and leaveth four fons 5 the ttvo elder Caroloman and Fi-
pn(\i\)^\\tt\:LtGafcoins,AlmainsdinA Saxons. Pfpi« becomes Major of the Palace alone.
LwtprW the Lombard recovers .Tpo/efwrn and Benevent by the Popes aide ; therefore re-
ftorcs him four Cities, with the Patrimony ofAncona, Sabina^ and Name. Rachiftus the
Lombard breaks the peace made with the Pope ; upon which he with hrs Queen enters
a Monaftcry. The Tolonians choofePa/dfiw again : Venda drowns her felf out of fuperfti-
tion. The Huns or Hungarians tranfplant themfelves out oiScyihia into Panonia. So/o-
WJ(J« the Saracen rebelleth, and is executed. The Venetian choofe Dukes again. Theo^
dat Orjo''s fon is clcded.
In the Church, Zachary fate 10 years •, He compofeth thediflraftions ofltaly. 7 Coun-
cels were called in this Decad. The Chriftians of Antioch are permitted by the Sara-
cens to choofc them a Patriarch after 40 years vacancy.Pefer Bidiop oiDamafcus hath
his tongue cut out by the Saracens,for refuting Infidels. The Pope would not have
the Childe in Bwarid baptifed with falfe Latine, to be rebaptifed, being no herefie.
Gervilius Bifhop of Me«'z, for nHirther,hawking, and hunting,is depoled. ThePafer
Jslofter and Creed ordered to be read in Engli(li,at C/i/e-Councel.
Conjidntine makes his fon Leo Emperour : the Exarchatfals to the Lombards pofleiHon.
Conftaiitincfte repeopled by Armenians. Conflantine {ends Organs and other Prefents
to Pipin, He expells the Sdavi out Maceclonia, but is beaten by tfie Bulgarians.
Ct//jf»erit/^thc French King , and laft of the Merovinges , is thruft by Pipin into a Monafte-
ry, who reigns alone 17 years: he -with his fons Crtro/om(j« and Charls are anoin-
ted by the Pope at Paris. Pipin forceth Aijiulfhus the Lombard to make reftitution
to the Pope , and to buy his own Peace: He fubdueth Saxeny : Vaifarius Duke of
AqiiHain forced to make peace with Pipin. Afyhonfus of Spain recovers Navar, and much
of Portugal, and rooteth out Arianifme. Aiflulphus. the Lombard having taken Ravenna
claimeth jurifdiftion over Kowe; butPipnj helps the Pop?. ^i/?H/p/jw breaks his neck
in hunting. De/r</eri«f made King who beftows Ferrrtra and other places on the Pope.
Polandis irwfidedhy the Moravians and Panonians. The Venetians to curb the Dukes
power, ioyn two Tribunes to govern with him. Se/ez/cid is repaired by the Saracens,
and called Bagdet. Habdel the Saracen opprcfleth the ChriftianS5the Turks wafte Armenia
zndPerJia.
IntheChurch,Sfep/jfM2. wasPope but 8 dayes. Stephen 3. fuccecded 5 years. He was
the firftPopethatv/as carried on mens flioulders. Pi/>i« beftows on him the Exarch,
and the Country about Luna, with Corftca,Soranum, Parma, Rhegium, Mantua, %fole-
ium and Eenneventium. Pa«/fucceeded 10 years; heisoppofcd by T'/jeopfci/flff Anti-
pope, which made the tenth fchifme. Paw/ built a Monaftcry in Rome , -where the
-Greek-Pfalms were to befung. In this Decad were held twoCouncels. Boniface
is flain by the Frifians who were revolted from Chrift. The Turks receive Mahumets
Alcaron. _ Conflantine
— — — ^ fc- z
of the principal T^afages^&ic.
CoHJ?(?«ti/ie defeats the Bulgarians divers times, but loft his Fleet: life beheaded the Pa-
j niarch: he makes 2V/'cfptorw and Chriflopherhis fonsCsefars. Leo niarricth Irene the
Athenian. Ferpifius of Scotland ftrangled by the Queen , which faft flic confcflid, be-
Caufe he preferred Concubines to her, and fo ftabs her felf before the people. pMn fub-
dueth all Aquitain , and inftituteth the Parliament oiFarif. Churls the Great fucceed-
^din France, Burgundy, and Aquitain. Soyjfons left to CardoTmn. The Danes defcen-
dfd of the Cimhri, being expelled 5'fJ/iM, place themfelvcs in that Cherfonefe called
Cm.hrk\irom them. The Venetians depofe their Duke Mmegario ^ and put out his
eyes for tyranhilnig.
In the Church, a fcliifme which is the 1 1 . is made by Fhilip a Pritft, but he is caft out of
theLateran the fifth day, and .S'fepfce/j the 4. chofen , who fate 4 years. This Decad
produced 3 Councels : The Emperour aflembleth ail the Afian Monks at Ephefus,
commanding them either to marry,or lofe their cyes,and to be banifted into Cypins:
He expels the Monks, and feFs their Monafteries.
The Saracens invade the Empire, and defeat the Emperours army in Ijauiia. The ^nlgi-
riansbreakthepeace,whichcoft the lives of 12000 of their ilkh. Leo the 4 fucc.ejcth
Emperour 5 years : His brother Nic'epfoorw for afpiring is banifhv-d. Teterick, khtg of
Bulgaria expelled by hisfubicfts? is baptifcd in C<«/f^lz/;«op/e, and rtiadeaPatritian.
fiveofthe Saracens Amira's killed in Sj^ria by Leo's -army. By putting the coldCiowi?
kept in theTemple on his head, he fickned and died. Confiantine 7 fucceedeth widi
Irene 17 years. Mac-Dondd feifeth on the A'iudes; he with the other rebels aie
killed by Argiks forces.. Churls taketh Dejiderius the Lombard, brings him into France,
and rcftorts all except Lombaixiy to the Pope. Charls beats the Saxons, and forceth
themtobeChriftians. He expells the VVtftphalians out ofhisKingdome, and takes
Navarre, kiis two Saracen Kings, ihfliiuteth the 12 Peers of France. Godfrey li'ms^ of
Denmark fnbdueth the Saxons, who are enjoyned to prefent every new King with
100 white-horfes. The Spaniards are forced by the Saracens to pay a yearly tribute
pfChriftian Virgins. Le/cw 2. choftn King of Poland, for detefting the fraud of one
Lefius, who uftd liniftrous means to be Prince.
in theGburch,/^^r7dHwasPope 24yearsj he firftfealed with Lead, jyeftderius rmkcs 3.
lay-man ArchBifhop oi Kavenm, v^\\om the Pope expcls.De;^</er7Hj for oppreffing the
Popc,is fubdued by Cfcar/j. Thetitleof Patiitiansin Rome aboliflied by ^ o'^c Adrlm.
' 9 Councels afiembled this Decad. Habdalla the Saracen, commands allChriftians
and Jews to be marked in their hands r The Pope and Counce! gave full power to
Cfcrfr/5 and liis fucceflbrs to chooic the Pope.
Ycays itfch.ifl-
A Sedition xaXkAditCmjiantmopk, in t ehalf of W/ceffcorw. Charls is fcnt to by Irene, for
a match between his daughter and her fon : Shee recorereth the booty from the
Sdavi. Irenes forces defeated in Italy by the French, and break off the marriage of her
fon, whom fhc married to a meany^rme«i(in called Mdr> The Danes invade England;
a League made between France and Scotland. The Scots and Irifh make war upon each
other. Fipin fon to King Charls is crowned at Rome, King of Italy. The Saxons rebel!,
and are fubducd : they are tranfplanted into Brabant and Flanders. The Dukes of
Bencvent andBavaria rebel, and are fubdued. Charls fnbdueth the Sclavonians. Elhel-
bur^a daughter to 0|fa the Saxon, poyfoncd her husband unwittingly, and fled into
France, where fhe is thruftintoaMonaftery. Jre«e forced by the Saracens to pay tri-
bute; her Fleet is furprifcd by them.
Ill the Church, Pope Adrian is god-father to Pif'in Charls his fon : he repairs Churches,
and feeds 1 00 people daily in the Lateran. In this Decad were 5 Councels j one
whereof was the 2. of Aire, or 8. General of 3 15 o Bifhops, for reftoring Images. In
7hrace, was digged out of a wall a ftonc-Coffin, with this inlcription , Chriji (ball be
bornofthe Virgin Mary, 8fc. Cfc(?r/.f founded the Biftioprick of Breme. A Counccl at
Conftantimfki difturbed by the pcopk, about Images.
CcwjJrtMtfneurdertakesthe govern riierit ,- and dcjjofeth his mother, and admits her again
upon entreaty; he is defeated by the Bulgarians : he puts out the eyes of Nicephorus,
Chrijiopher,3ir\d his Uncle Nicetof : Upon this, the Armenian Legions rcbell : Heput
away his wife, andmarrieth her maid: he overcomes the Saracens, and fpoilesthe
f^ Bulgarian Country. Irene puts out h's eyes , the fame day he fo fcrvcd his Uncle.'
^ Nnnn 2 He
-770
■ySo
-7J)0
A brief Chromlogie
rears efchrifi.
■<^
800-
He ditth Ihordy ai\er, and llie reigns alone : She exdnguiflicd the Hne of Leo I/auriciSi
( Aboiu this time, the Sun daikned 17 dayes together) She makes peace wth Cbaries,
and puts out the eyes of Cofrc/Hjfw;w his Ion. Inteicourfe prohibited between Chales
and Offas fubjcfts. The Vanes waftc England again. Egbert King ot the VVtft-Saxons
becomes fole Monarch oi Englind. C^ar/ej defeats the Hungarians and Saxons aga'n;
Hisfon Pioin rebclleth, and isput intoaMonaftery. Charles build^aBridjeat Mentz
over the Rhine ; he kills 4000 rebellious Saxons. Al^honjus in S^ain kills 70000 Moors,
and frees the Land of the tribute of Virgins : He takes Lwto« trora thtm, and makes a
League with Cfortr/e^. S. Jame^ is made Patron of %«'«, whofeBody was now found,
and a Church huxlthy Al^hon[us for it. He fends rich Prelents to Charles^ who takes
Ef'da in Hungary.
In the Church, ^iria« is yet Pofe: He repairs the walls of Rome ruined bytbeTzier.
To him fucceeds Leo 3.21 years. 4 Synods held within this Decad. ThcCouncel
of Franlforf condemns the 2. Couneel of Nice. CAar/ef founded the Archbilhoprick
of Hamburjih , which afterward was tranflated to JBreme. The Patriarch oiConJknti-
nofle is excommunicated by the Abbot, for confenting to the Emperors Iccond
marriage, his firft wife yet living.
In the Ea ft? Irene and Charles treat about a marriage ; mean while Nkephoruf bai liQieth her,
and reigns 8 years, he m.ikes peace with Cfiar/ej; Sicily and a. part of //a/yarerelerved
for the Greek Empire. Bardanes is proclaimed Emperor, but he waves it, and enters
into a Covent : Nicefhorus puts out his eycs,and m-akes his own foii Stauratius Emperoi^
He is beat by the Saracens, and forced to pay an annual tribute ; He tyrannileth, and
lofeth Sardif with much treafure, and 6000 Greeks to the Bulgarians. In the Weft,
CAar/emain is crowned Emperor by Pope Leo; He reigned 1 4 years ; Herepairetb Flo-
rence, punifheth the plotters againft the Pope, takes Nuceria and other places from the
Greeks, tranfplants the Saxons into fra/zce, and gives their lands to the Vandals, he
wafts Bobemia,\iih Lefcus thePolonian; he builds Drefda & Numberg; then by will leaves
Italy to Pipin, France to Lewif, Saxony and the reft to Charles. The Spanilh Moors waftc
Sardinia and Corfica. Egbert the Englifti Monarch expels Baked of Kent, which he makes
a Province, and calls the whole Iflandby the name of England, The Scots begin to
vveare S. Andrews Crofle in their Banners, upon the Viftory they had againft Athelfiane
of Northumberland., which S.Andrerc appearing promiftd to them. Frifta is llibdued by
the Vanes. The Earldome of ^rraco/z by marriage falls to Garzias King of Navarre.
Mauritius Duke of Fe«ire, flung the Bilhop of Grarfa from an high tower, for reproving
him of his lufts; upon this fliahwith his father. Quarrels between the Herocleans
and Aquileians. The Venetians fide with the Moors againft Pi^in. The Saracens divide
themfelves into fix Principalitits.
In the Church, PopeLeo fits again , after he had been beaten and impritbned upon
fal{e crimes, ofwhich he clearcs himfelf in a Synod at Rome. 4 Councels were held
in this Decad. Pau/MfDiaconw was the firft that conipoftdPoftils for the year, at the
command of Charles.
In the Eaft, Nicepkorus and moft of the Nobility flain by Crumnus the Bulgarian. Stauratius
after two moncths is thruft into a Covert by Michael Curopulata. Thrace and Macedon
wafttd by the Bulgarians -, the Saracens defeated by Leo th« Generall, who fuccecded
Emperor 7 years, Michael being retired into a Monaftery, whofe fians were gelded by
Leo, and banifhed with their mother-, He beats the Bulgarians into a peace. Michael
iscondemncd tobeburnt forconfpiring againft Leo, but rs reprieved till after Chrift-
ma(re,in the interim Leo is killed in the Temple. In the Weft, Pif>i« dieth at Kai/e/iwa,
he left one fon; his eldeft brother Cfcarto dieth iffueleile. Pipins fon Bernardis made
King of Ifa/y. Charlemain, a little before his death, crowns his fon Lew^f Emperor ;
then dicth aged 72 years. His fon Lewis, called the Pious, fucceeded 27 years; He
makes Lotharips King of Frawe, and his Colleague. Pipin is made King ofAi]uitain, and
Lewis K'ng of Bavaria. Bernard Pipin's (on rebel" eth,with divers Biftiops. BerHar^/dieth,
and leaves three fons. The Bridge at MenAz binnt in three hourts,which was not built
in ten years. Lewi* fubducththe Vandals. In Spain, the Moors rtbtll, and are flain by
^l^honfo. Po^ielus Prince of tolandhid one ofhis fons devoured by Fuits, as he ufcd in
...T . his
of the principal Taffages^^c,
his anger to wifh. Simrd&ndTyingo ftriving for the Kingdome of De/wiarK are both I Tears ofCkifi
IJaio m battel. The Norwegiam infcft the Danifh coaft. Gaw/NMonaftcry burnt by ac-
cident. ^
In the Church, Steven 5. fate 7 moneths : to him filcoeeded Fafchalit i. 7 yeareS;
he redeemed Captives, and built Churches. 10 Councels were held in this Decad.
Herbert aBiihopIs fentto the King ofSwevh, to convert his people. St. James of
ComfodelU began about this time to be famous for miracles Leo an enemy to Imagis.
The Romans are permitted by^he Enipcror to choofc their oWn Popes.
In the Eaft, Michael Balhu is rcleafed, and reigneth 8 years : He geldeth Leo's fons. One
Jhomaf afpires at the Empire, befiegeth Coiiflantino^e , but h defeated, taken and exe-
cuted, with his Ton. The Moon do much h u It by fea; they build CtfH^y in Crefe; they
are there overcome by the Imperialifts, who fhortly after in their fecurity are flain by
thcMwx. Ex/fcemfw Governor of SJci/y revolteth to the Moors, but he is killed at Sy-
racufe. To Michael fucceeded his fon Theophilus 12 years: He puts to death themur-
therers of Leo 5 He makes his fubjcfts to wearc (hort haire, oecaufe his Were thin.
In the Weft, Lew«- warreth againft H«r^(try ; Lotbaritu is crowned Emperor zt Rtme;
Afric wi&ed bythelmperial forces ; A new plot deteftcdagainft the Emperor. About
this time it rained Corn in Gafcoign. In Sfain, the Moors are beaecn ; The country is
^Nafted by xhcNormans. The Dams commit pyracies, at far as Conjfantino^le. Harold
Kinf^ oi Denmark^, being expelkd , is baptifed with his brother Ericw, at Mentz.
ScMavk^ Body is brought from Alexandria to Fewicejwhich is laid in the Caftle-chappcl,
and a Church ereftcd to it. The .9dr<icew invade Talejtine, and wafte Sidly. The Mo-
naftcry oi Gamt rebuilt by the Abbot.
In the Church, tugenm 2 . fate 3 yearS. A i l.Schifme iS made by Zifinius the Antipope.
F<7/erif/?te fucceeded 40 dayes. Then Gregory 4. 17 yeares. 8 Councels held in this
Decad. The Gi'eck Emperor gives way to creft Images without the City, but not
within. Ebbo Biftiop ofRhemesfem by the Pope to convert the Danes. htAcon
Organs areufed, thefirft in the Weftern Church. Pemnur^aud Swedeknd con-
verted.
In theEaft, "Theophilui defeats the SaracenS; His fori'in-law Alexius fights fucccflefully
againft the Lombards. The Emperor was almoft furprifed by the Saracens , who take
many Cities from the Empire •, they are beaten out of Afiu by Mtinuetihe Emperors
Generall. In the Weft,Lew^ pardoneth theConfpirators ; his Emprefle falfly accufcd
is reftoredto bis bed. Pi^in upon his fecond rebellion is committed to Trevers, whence
he efcapeth. The Emperors fbns take arms againft him. The Pope with his Birtiops
banilh the Emprefle, andimprifon the Emperor; who again by the German Peers is
reftoredj his wife recalled, and his fons pardoned. Frijia Invaded by the f^ortmns, and
Antmr^ burnt by them. Lotharius takes fome places in Italy fi-om the Pope. Lewii j
makes his fon Charles King of Normandy. Pi^in dieth , and the Kingdome oiAquitain is
divided between Lotharius and Charles. Lew;/ of Bavaria rebells againft his father.
The Dd«f J defeat Egbert King of EHg/im^, and arc defeated by him-, At Port fmoHfb they
beat, at Southampton are beaten. About this time ended the Pi&s Kingdom, being utterly
deftroyed by the Scots. The Bifhops of Lions and Vientie excommunicate LevPit for
marrying his Kinfwoman : The Bifhop oiVtricht flain by her command, for threaten-
ing to excommunicateLew/r. Or«/o«w the SpaailTi King takes Cauria and Salmantica^
and kills the jWoorj, who in battel flew Sancho King of Wavar. Kegmer the Dane taken
by Hella King oflreknd, and ftung to death with ferpents. Ericus King of Denmarl{y
ofaPerfecutor becomes a Convert. John Duke o( Venice forced to flic into France^
from whence returning is put into a Monaftery.
In the Church, Pope Gre/!orji 4. inftituteth the Feaft of the Holy-frinity ; he calls the
Feaft of Jj7-A/(irf^rj, All-Saints. 4 Councels held within this Decad. TheFeaftof
AU-Saints tranflated from the i2.of Mity to the i. oi November. S.Barthelmew's
Bones drowned in the Indian fea, are brought from L/parrf to Benevent.
In
—820
-830
A brief Qhronolo^ie
Y<^
«5o —
In the Ex^'Uheofhilus taketh Sofopetra the Saracens chief City. ThePerfans, for want of
pay, falute Tteo/>foi/w Emperor , whois taken and imprifoned, and at laft executed.
ToJheophiliu fucceeds his fon Midxiel 25 yeais. The Bulgarian King is exp>.iledby
his fubjefts, for being a Chriftian : the Emperor gives him another country. In the
Weft, LewM dieth ; Lotharius fucceeds 15 years. Pipin obtzias Normandy. Lotbarius is
twice defeated by his brothers: The difference is referred to 120 Noblemen, who
award to Lothavius., Italy^ a part of France, BurgMidy^ and kufiria, which trom him was.
calkd LotfcfJriwgia. Leww King of Germdny beats rhtVandah. JB«jo«i(i rafed by the Em-
peror, for abuling his Son. T^e Bohemians rebell, and are fubdued by the Emperor,
whofe forces are at laft mafiered by them. The Engli^ defeat the Danes. Kenneth the
Scots King, removes the Marble-ftone ( brought from 5'pai« to 7re/W, and thence to
Scotland) out of Argile into Scone, which he indofed in a Woodden-Chair, wherein
the Scots Kings were crowned. In France, Charles the Bald reigns. The Normans enter
FTiance as far as Paris. Alphonfus^. of Spam, called the Great, makes S.^dmei-Church
offtone, which before was earth ; He wafteth the Moon Country. The Normaw loofe
7oftiipsatGa//eci£J- ToMo taken bytheMoorj, Pepie/«; Prince ot Poland, with his wife
and children devoured by Rats, which grew out of the Bodies they had murthered.
The Venetian fliips taken and funk by the Saracens, who wafte Pd/maf/a , and take
Ancona ; They fire alfo the Suburbs of Keme , and rob the Churches of St.Pefer and
St.P<i«4
In the Church, Sergius 2 Was Pope 3 years : He is oppofed by John a Deacon , which
madethe i3.Schifme. Sergius (atfirft) was called OsPorci. He built theCaftleof
S. Angela. Leo 4. fucceeded 8 years; He built a new City begun by Sergiw, and
calls it Leonina ; He with the Neapolitans beats the Saracens at lea. 7 Counccls af-
fembled thisDecad. The Romans refufeto confirm Leo Pope, without the Em-
peror. John the Patriarch depofed, for oppofing Images.
860
IntheEaft, Bardat the Emperors Uncle made him kill his Tutor 7?»m&7jw, becaufe he
was not advanced. Michael fends his mother and lifters into a Monaftery : He is beaten
bythe Saracens at Samo/dW, and beaten again by ^mer the Saracen in the Wtft. The
Saracens are expelled Be/jewHf by Lew/x, who is madeEmperor by Lof/;.'?riw, and he
enters aMonaftery. Levpis reigned 18 years: He makes the Dalmatians pay Tribute;
He walTelh againft the Sf/flw, Vandals, andS*r<i^. He wins nioft ofFrrt/jte. ThcDanes
enter the TltrfOTfj, plunder CaWerfcHry and LWon, but a re defeated in Sjirrj. The Scot j
beat the EHg/i/Z?, and are beaten by them. The PiUs pafle into Dewmat^and Norway.
In France, Pipin cfcaping out ofhis Monaflery, is taken and imprilontd. TheNormatu
take T6«tvf and Anjou, and upon civil-wars at home,return. In Spain, Toledo and Cordnha
rebell. Alphonfus raifeth the Moors from the fiege oiConimbria. The Danes invade Holland.
Lotharius confirms the Venetian priviledgcs.
In the Church, Leo made many Collefts. He builds Centum-cell^, or Civita-Vecchia,
fpoiledbytheSaracens,andcallsitLeopo/«. To him fucceeded yo^K S. who, fomc
fay, was a woman, others deny it. Bennet 3. fucceeded 2 years ; oppofed by Anafia-
ftus, in the 14. Schifme. Nicholaus i. fucceeds 9 years : He hid himfehjthat he might
not be chofen. ThisDecad afforded 9 Councels. The Mankhees are punched by
Jheodora in the Eaft.
In the Eaft, Conjlantittople is befieged by the 'Ruffians. BurdM, by Michaels negligence, made
Cxfar: he favoured Learning. TheChurchof.S'opfcM burnt. Bardas kWledhy Bafdius,
who ismadcCaefar ; he kills M'cfcde/, and reigns 19 years 5 he caufed reftitution to be
made of half, which Michael had fpent on his Flatterers ; he raiieth the Saracens from
Frtcwfa, and takes Samofaia from them, and hclpcth Lewi; againft them. In the Weft,
Ciro/omrt?2 rebels againft his fether Lewis the Emperor, forceth the Sclavi to peace;
he expels the Saracens out of Campania into Calabria ; he is reconciled to his brother
Chitrles. Lotharius forfakes his Concubine, and takes his Wife again. Lrtwicrf Duke of
Svv/ti.'tm lofethhisDutchy for plundiing Borne. The Saracens lofc many places to
theWtfteni Princes. B<iri istaken, andin it theSaracen-Siiltan. E/MreitheEngli/h
King debated the Danes nine times; flew nine of their Earls, and one of their Kings.
The Pawej challenge PiS/artrfj and commit great outrages in Fife, thierrj fon toSi^iebert
; Duke
of the principal Tafages.Sac,
Duke oiAqmtaine is made the firft Earle of Holland by the French King Charles The
Noim-mswafte^HjoH and other places. Charls invadeth Lotharius his kingdome, and
IS crowned at Mew/z, and divides the Kingdome with Lewif King of Germany] the
Saracens are expelled Grada , by the Venetians. Baldrvin of Flanders reconciled to
Charls the Bald. Thierry of Holland, fubdueth his rebellious peoplejand the Friflanders;
obtaineth Zealand^ and drives the Danes out of Holland.
IntheChurch,A7c«/<Jwfitsyef, he oppofedthe Synod of Co«/f<?rtf wop/? , and excom-
municates Fhotius the Patriarch, and is excommunicated by him ; and forccth Lo-
tharius to take his wife aj»ain. Htf^riaw fuccceds 4 years: He threatneth Charls And
Lerpif foT invading the kinfdome of lorrai/j. 16 Councels held thisDecad; one
whereof was the eighth General Councel ofConJlanti?wple,zgain&. Photius. The '^clavi
in Moravia receive the Gofpel : the Arch-Bifhop ofColenznd Tre^er^j depofed for caii-
fing Lotharius to repudiate his wife. Lotharius denies the Popes power in Temporals.
The King ofB«/^arM becomes a Monk, and puts out the eyes of his Apoftatc fon.The
H«w and ii!/^(rrt/ converted : The Pope in the Synod of CoH^d«firap/e obtaineth ju-
rifdiftion over the Bulgarians ; but they fell afterward to the Greek Church.
rcar^ofChrift.
IntheEaft, B<J///iHx refuleth to acknowledge Lereis Emperour ; therefore the match be-
tween Con^(i«/i;/e his fon and Lenrii his daughter is broken off. B(/yr/iw takes C^farea in
Cappadocia, with much booty. The Saracens invade the Empire, but are expelled:
They of Tt(irj7fir and Ci/icid are beaten at Sea. In the Weft, LewU is crowned King of
Lorrain at Kome, and is taken prifoner by Aldegij'usD. of Benevent. Lewif warretha-
gainft the Bohemians, who arc forced to pay Tribute. The Emperour dleth at Millan;
and Charls the BdWcrownedat Rome. 2 years after, Lert^U of Germany dieth ; his three
fons divide his lands. TheEmperour is defeated for incro-iching on themi: he makes
Bofo King of y4r/e.r,and is poyfoned by a Jew. Lewis the Stammerer fuccecds 1 8 months;
he dyeth. Caroloman the next heir rcfignsfbe'ing paraIitick)to Charls the Grofle 8 years,
fo the Empire is tranflatcd from the Wcftern^Frewcfc to theEaftern. Edn.urids-bvry in
E«(;/Wbui!t to the memory of E<^mH«i:f theMartyr. Peace made Between the Danes
andEnglifh. Pewwo/fofa Cow-heard is made Bifliop of ^f'iw/jf/Jer, for entertaining
King E/f'-ei in his flight from thcDanes: the Scots beat the Danes , and arc beaten by
them. In France-, Curalomans eyes zve\mt out for rebelling: a great Plague of Locufts,
and Dearth enfueth. Peacein Spain between /4/p/wi/«i and the Moores. Moft part of
England fubdue I by the Vtvies. Cantitiis their king is baptijred in England : the Nor-
mans defeated in Frifia ; the Saracens arc beaten by the Perfians ; they force the Pope
to pay tribute, they take Syrctcufa^ '
In the Church, JobtS. fate ten years; he payes to" the Saracens S'^ooo croivns, to
leave his territories : He is imprifoned by the D. of S'po/efHm, whom upon his efcape
to France, he excommunicated. 7 Councels held this D;cad. B^ls firft ufed in the
Greek Church; upon the fending of twelve Bels to Bi:/f/i«i the Emperour, by Vrjo
D. of Venice. Pfeofi/.j the Patriarch is refto red by aSynod of Conjiantino^le.
In the Eaft, Brt^/iw impriloneth'his fon Leo, for wearing a Dagger; but is freed byfome
words uttered by a Parrot": Sa/(/r«i being wounded by a Stag, dieth. Leo 6 fuccedeth
■ 2< ycarsjhe lofeth much by the Lombards,and his forces inMacedonia are defeated by the
■ Bulgarians , who defirc peace, upon the comming of the Hungarians to aide the Eaipc-
rour . In the Weft, Charls the Emperour, with Lewii king of Germany, befiege Vienn,ty
■ and drive Bofo out ofFra?ice. Letfii robs the Church ofMentz, to pay theNormanSy who
had invaded his Territories; upon his deathCfofn'/^ feifeth on his lands .• the Normans
burn Conjianceznd Trevers. Guido E. of Tufcatiy aids the Saracens againft the Emperour,
who are afterward reconciled. Bavaria and Au(iria fpoiled b^ the Sclavi : the Empe-
rour is depofed for giving away Normandy , and being unfit for government. Amulfh
fucceeds 1 2 years. Ennland-iihont this time was divided into Shires, Hundreds and Ty-
things, under.King Flfred. The Danes are forced into France. TheScots beat the Irifh,
and take DHWi«. Bo/o makes himfelf King of BMrgjffl^j'. Par^ befieged by theNormans;
of them Caraloman biiyes his peace, after he had taken Vienna : thc-y wafte Fra«fe,and be-
fiege Par«- again; the Emperour to quiet them gives them Neufiria, now calldWjr-
mandy. Odo of Saxony, of whom came the Carets, defeats theNormans in F/a/iiea.
. Gd//ecM in Spain is made a kingdome, and Ordogno Al^honfus fecond (on King thereof.
Abhonfus is forced by his fon Garzia to refigne Leo« to him, vfho died cUildelcfle : fo
Lean
-870
-SSo
A brief Chronolo^ie
rtaii ef Chrtli.
89c-
'<*
Leon falls to his brother OrdognO) who beat the Moors. The Hungarians being deluded
byLeOjinvadc the VVcftern Empire, chiefly Frflwce, to be eafed ct their Tribute laid on
them by Charlemain.
In the Church, to John (whofe brains were beaten out with a hammer) Martin 2. fuc-
ceeded i year; then Jdriani}. 1 year; then Steven 5. 6 years. 3 Councels were
held in this Decad. Godfrey King of the Normans baptifcd. The Monaftery ot Mount
C(ij7/« burnt by the Saracens. Pbotm the Patriarch depofed.
900;;;^
910-
In the Eaft, Simeontlie Bulgarian, upon the departure of the Hungarians, vexed Leo again;
who to quiet them, reftores their prifoiters. The Saracens take Lemnos and Taurome'
nium in Sicily. The Lombards lofe Benevent to the Marquis oitufcany, after 330 years
poffeflion. Thejfahnica taken by the Saracens. In the Weft, ^r«w/ffc makes the Diuce of
Moravia King oi Bohemia. Guido is crowned Emperor by the Pope. ^rHK/pb is aided
by the Hungarians againfl Zuindebold the Moravian , whom he had made King of Eohe-
mia; He takes divers Towns in Italy; Rome is taken by means of a Hare : his wife is
conviftcd of adultery; befalls into a Palfie,anddieth of the Loufie-difeafe; His fonnc
Lew/f 4. fucceeds 12 years. The Danes do much hurt in Eng/aw^ : the Scots help the
Englini againft them. The Normans are beaten in Britmy. Charles the Simple of France
and Odo have great wars. Ordogno of Spain, and Garzias King of Navar, are defeated by
the Moors. Pofledions arc given to the Hungarians , for their fervice to ^rH«/pfc the
Emperor.
In the Church, Formofus is Pope 4 years : He is oppofed by SergiOs the Antipope, which
made the i^.Schifme. Bojiiface 6. fucceeds, who was expelled within a moneth for
his lewd life. His fucceflor was Steven 6. 3 years : He abufed and mutilated the dead
body ofFortnofus, which he caufed to be digged up 5 he is taken by Aldebert Marquis
ofl«/cOTj', andftranglcdln priion. if.om(jnw fuccecdcd 3 moneths. 5 Synods held
within this Decad.
In the Eaft, the Saracens Invade Greece, and are defeated, and then defeat Himerim the Em-
perors Generall. Cotiflantine fon to Leo is crowned Emperor. The Saracens defeat the
Emperors Fleet. In the U eft, Lewif is beaten by the Hungarians , who wafte all Ger'
many. The rebellious FriflanderS are fubducd by Thyerry the Hollander ; who in figne
of lubjeftion enioined them to make low-doors,that they might ftoop ae they entred.
Berengarius in Italy isdefeated by the Hungarians, and their departure is procured with
mony. In Spain, Alphonfo defeats the Saracens, then entred a Monaftery, which fliortly
after he forfook , then he was imprifoncd and loft his ey«s. Raminis of Spain invades
Toledo^ takes Madrid, and defeats the Moors. Roan in France with other places taken by
KoUo D.of Normandy, who belicge Paris and beat the French*
In the Church, T'heodorus 2. fits 20 diyes: Joft« 9. fucceeded 4 years : Hf confirmed
the Afts of Formofus , which caufed a fedition , fo that liue fled from Raventut.
Benet 4. fucceeded 2 years. Thei6Schirm, in which Leo 5. after 40 dayes, is im-
prifoned by Chriftopher, aided by the Marquis of tufcany, and after 7 moneths, is fcnc
unto a Covent by Sergius 3. Theodora, the Marquifcs Concubine, ruleth in
Rome, Sergiiu makes her daughter Marofia his Concubine, of whom he begot
John the 1 1 or 1 2. This Decad produced 5 Councds. The Bohf mians and Nor-
mans converted to the Faith. Leo the Emperour takes a fourth wife, againft the
Cnftome of the Greek Church, therefore he is Excommunicated by the Patriarch
of Confiaiainople, whom for this, Leo banilhed.
In the Eaft, to Leo fucceedcth his fon ConflantiHe 8. 50 years, who ruled with his mother
Zoe. Cojiftantinople bcfieged by Simeon Prince of Bulgaria , who is hired to return home.
Hebreaks thcpeace,^ and takes Adrianople. The Italian Princes crave help againft the
Saracens, who had invaded CdMria and ^^;>«/ia. The Greeks beat the Bulgarians, and
arebeatby thim. Zoe is fent into a Monaftery, and ilom(7i»« rules with the Emperor
hisfon-in-law. In the Weft, she Emperor buycs his peace of the Himaarians: hedieth
^ - of
of the principal 'Paffages , ^c.
of grief, andi:i himcndeth theraceofCfcrtr/ewrfw \nGr,~many. Cmradiis DiikeofFirttt-
COTM iiicceeds 7 years. Hemk ik Awe^s Vi(i^'n-ci. The Dukes of Suevia difttirb the peace.
The Em peior is beaten by the Duke of Merjp«rg. Kam^o^e taken horn the Emperor
by Jriii!l[>h Duke oi Bavaria, and loft again. Conradiu lickneth , and cooTnicnds Henry
Dakc oi Saxony to the Empire: This Henry reigned 17 years; He was fi. named the
Falconer. In Francej JFil!iar?iE:iv\ of Afjuitain hiiuded theMonaftcry ofC/«t'./y'. Robert
Earl of Faris rebels againft the King for his infiiffir icncie, who is finpriitd and im-
firKonedby Ko&erfEarl of F'erwefL'/o;^. In S^ain, the Moors are be.iten a^Min, and the
Ubclsfiippreired. TheNavarroisare defeated by the CaftiJians. The Venetians ob-
tain leave uUhe Emperor to coy n mony. ThcHtingoirians invade Italy.
In the Church, /^nfl/?a/i«J fate 2 years. John 10. fuccfedtd i<5 years: He Hills out with
JlbericHs Marquis oi Tujlia, and is cxpelkd the City; whereupon he calls in the
•Hungarians, who commit many outrage?. Alherkiu is flain by his people. One
Councel was held this Decad at Conftaris, inhibiting marriage in the 7. Degree.
In the Eaft, Komanus crowns his wife and fon, and fubfcribcs before the Emperor ; he is
overcome by the Bulgarians,who take Hadmno^le-,bm are expelled by KomOTJi^.The Sa-
racens at Le77Wo.f are defeated by the Emperors Reet.Rcmani<s makes two of his fons Ca;-
fars,& another a Church-man .In thcWeft,BHrcfc(jr^ D.ot Sweve is forced to acknowledg
HciDry Emperor, who gets Lorrrti« from Charles of F mice. ^rMH/j'fc is forced to obcdi-
tncc. The Hungarians being defeated by the Emperor, make peace fci- nine years, after
which time they are expelled Gerwrtry. The Vandals fubducd, and Brff«(/''^Krgfo taken
by the Emperor; multitudes of Vandals killed neer the Baltic Tea. \n Prance, Robert
Earl ofPdri^ischofcnKingj whom C/irfi7e; aflifted by the Normans flew: thcJi Raoul
DukeofBHrgimrfyischofen, who leagueth with the Normans. Ctar/w is releared,and
again imprifoncd, then dycth. In S^ain, the rebellions of Cafiile, Navar and Gallecia
are fupprefled by Ordonius^. who dyeth in his expedition againft the Moors. Elfred, an
Englilh Nobleman, who had confpirtd to put out King Jtheljians eyt^s , abjured him-
felf at Rome, fell down and dyed 3 days nfiev. Athelflan overcomes the Wtllh, and beats
the Scots. Venice burnt by the Hungarians. Sifridihc Dane having wafted Flanders, and
ravifhcd the Earls daughter, hanged himfelf.
In the Church -(^/Mjfrtyfw fits J whoconfecratedaBoy of 5 year; old Bifliop of Rhemes.
RaoulK'mgof Burgundy is made King of Italy, to cvcfs Berengafm, who is expelled
Italy, who therefore called in the Hungarians, that burn Pai>ia. The Pope makes
Hugh, Earl of Jrks, King againft Raoul, who returned to Frame. Guy, this Hwg/j's
brother, imprifontth, and ftrangleth thePope, after he had killed his brother Peter.
Leo 6. fnccccds, whom Guy after 7 moneths imprifoned ; he dy<;d, and Stephen 8. fuc-
ceedcd two years. Marozia the ftrumpet, was the death of theie two Popes. 5 Coun-
cels kept this Decad. iv.<JO«/Kingof Bwgmdy, biftows on the Empcrour the Spear
that wounded Chrift.
Years/ifchiifl.
In the Eaft, the R-uifians waftc the country about Conflantinople : divers Greeks gelded by
thcBcneventines. In the Wtft, the Hungarians being denyed their tribute of the Em-
pcrour, fpoii Germanji, but are at lalt defeated and expelled. Mifna made a Marquifat,
and Guelders an Earldom : Uemy dieth, to him fuccecds Otho the firft his foa 42 years.
The Palatine tor rebelling, is banifhed, who being pardoned, confpires with Henry the
Emperours brother. In E?2g/(W</,King y4ifoe//ifci« drives the Britains out of Devonfhire
into the remote parts of Cornwall ; he takes IVejimerland and Cumberland from the Scots;
tohimwasfentout of France, ConJiatUine theGreathis fword, inthehiltof which
was one of the nails of theCrofs. In France, Lewis fon to Charles returns out of Eng-
land, zndragnahiS years. In S^ain, Sancho Kin^ of Leon recovers his Kingdom, to
whom Ferdinand oiCaftile felleth ahorfe and a hawk, conditionally to double the pay-
ment every day, after it fliould become due : This Ferdinand is taken prifoner by the
Navarrois, and rcleafed; fo was the King of Navar taken and releafcd : Ferdinand
cfcapcs out of prifon by his wifes means, who exchanged apparel with him. Sancho
makes Caflilea. Kingdom, in fatisfaftion for his horfe andhawke. Ahout this time
fome Bilhopricks were founded in Denmark^. The Iftrians by furpriling fome
Venetian Virgins, as they, prcfented thtmfelves after thtir cuftome, in our
O o o o Lady-
920
A brief Qhronoh^ie
! Xiais ofCh,-t[t-
940"
050
Lad y Church, (the memorial whereof is kept at Candkmaffe) are forced to pay a yearly
tribute to Venice. ComacHlim rcfufing to pay,is taken and annexed to the Venetian Ter-
ricori. s. The Saracens are beaten in Cajiik and Germany : Genua is taken by them , and
cruelly ufcd.
In the Church, John 1 1 . fate 6 years ; Maroziu delivers Rome to Hugh , who imprifon-
eth the Pope 5 whom Alberim irccd , and expelled Hugh vihh Marozia. Leoy.i'uc-
ceeds 4 years. Two Coiincels held this Dccad. The Audean Hereticks obtain now the
name oi Anthropmor^hites. Komaniu makes his Ton at 1 6 years, Patriarch of Cmjiun-
tinofle , to whom he procures a Pall from the Pope.
In the EaftjKomaxMi hires the Turks to leave T/jrace: heisfent to a Coventby hisfonne
Steven. Roma^JKi having loft two of his other fons,dleth. Conftantine reigned i2yearsj
he inviteth SchoUars into Greece. In the Weft, the Emperour and French King are re-
conciled. He«ry the Emperours Brother obtains pardon for his Rebellion. Of fco be-
ing wounded in hunting, makes his (on Ludol^huf his Colleague vid fucceffor, but
afterward changed his mind : He makes his Brother Henry, Duke of Bavaria -, who ex-
pelled thence the Hungarians. Otho defeatcs the Danes. InJw/y, Hugh made a league
with the Saracens : his people upon this revolt ■■, he flies into France , and becomes a
Monk. The Saracens beaten out oi Calabria by the Greeks. Otho invades Flanders,and
is oppofcdby the Gauntois. Aquileia taken by Henry the Emperours Brother. StWen-
eeflaus is made King in Bohemia by the Emperour ; he rtfufed the Title, not the Govern-
ment: he is murthered by his brother in the Church ; and his wicked mother the
caufeofthis murther, was fwallowed quick in the Earth. Of/jo beats the Danes, and
waftes their Country. In S^ain, Zancho is poyfoned with an Apple by Gonfalviif the Re-
bel, whom he had pardoned. Feri/>M«i lofeth many places in Caftileto the Moores,
and dieth for grief. Ramire defeats the Moors in Leon. In France, the D. of Ncirmandy
is reconciled to the King, who takes Rohan , and makes Robert Earl oiParif. Hugh Ma-
jor of the Palace, takes the King in England. Anal^h of Ireland intrudes into NorlUtm-
berland, who is banifhedby King Edmund, and CHmter/(t/;^beftowed on theScots. King
Edmund is llain treacheroufly at a fcaft. Analph is recalled by the Northumbrians , anil
made King there.
In the Church, Stevenhe'mo dead of a wound received in a tumult , Martine the 5. fate
5 years; to hinj fucceeded At;apetiis the 2. 9 years. In this Dccad were called 5
Councels. The Ruilians perfecute the Chriftians. Otho fpreads Chriftianity in Den-
mark, Swethland and other northern parts.
In the Eaft, the Emperours Fleet is defeated by the Saracens at Candy. Bardiis the Empe-
rours General, takcth much fiom them. Rowanus poyfoned hisFather, who died not
in two years after, fome of thepoyfon being fpilt. IntheVVfft, Offco forceth Boleflaus
the Bohemian to fubmit: he adds Belgium and Burgundy to the Empire : divers rebell a-
gainft Otho, who at laft fubmit.The Bilhop of Saltzhurgs eyes are put out for calling the
Bavarians into Bavaria, where they were all flain. Otho fubdueth the Vandals ; Otho
by nnii y'ln^Adelheida becomsKing of Italy,which he leaves to Berengarins except f^ero/Jd
and ^^Mi/eia, which he gave to Hf«rj his brother. Berengarius playes the tyrant, and
wars with tlie Pope for the Dutchy of Spoktim. Fiedro of Venice is baniflied, and turns
Pyrat againft the Venetian ftiips, the report of which killed the Duke his father with
grief: he is notwithft.inding recalled by the State. The Church of GiWc is made Me-
tropolis otrewa and Z/?ria. Hdrc/J the Dane holekthofthc Emperour , and receiveth
theF'aith. Five of theHungarian Kingshangcd in Bavaria. lu S(>ain,Garzias oiCa(Hle,
invr.d thLeon: he purfueth his wife with her Adulterer, and kilsthcm both in bed.
The Moores mean while invade his Territories. In France , Lewis is killed by a fall
from hishorfe; Uh ion Lotharius fuccwds 32 years: Hugh by his death, ieaveth his
Dutchy ciParif to Hugh Capet, who is declared Duke of France and Eai I of fii.'o/i. Tlie
Northunbrians and Mercians revolt 'romEf/wv king of England, tor liisevil life, and
f t up his brother £iig<tr againft him : The King hereupon dierh tor grief. Eu'gar reigned
56y.ars; He rigs out a great Fleet to guard theCoafts. AWco/mcKingof Scotland is
niurthertd in Murrey.
In the Church, 7ot?z 12. fate 8 years, he was the fii ft Pope Tfay fome) that changed his
name from OUavian to John. 3 Councels held this Dccad. St. Matthe^rs rclique*
tranflated from E//jio,'>i(J to 5a/er/iHm. Helena Q2cen of Ru'Jia is baptized at Confian-
tinopk 5 Ihe fends to Othn for Priefts to convtM t her Subjects.
■Ill
of the principal ^afages^&ic.
In the EiRyRomanus 2. reigned 5 years ; he beat the Saracens in Crete, by Nkepkorus Pbocus;
lie was torbidden to recarn to Ccnftantirw^le , becaufe there was aprophefie, that the
Goaqueroiir of Crete (hoiild be Emperour : which fell out true ; for he fncceedcd 6
years : he beats the Saracens out oiCilicici : He is forry that his forces took Antioch ; be-
caufe he was told , that if it were taken he fliould mifcarry; he becomes covetoOs
and odious; he kils Otbo's AmbafTadours, who by his own order came to treate with
liim about a match, between young Otho, and his daughter Thco^hajiia : He is killed by
JohnZ'tmifi^s, and his own Enipreffe. This John fucceeded 6 years ; he thnifts the Em-
.prcfle into a Monaftery , and fends Theophariia to Vtho : In the Weft, Otbo's aide is inrrea-
tcdby thePopeagainft Bereh%ams, whom OffesdefeatSjand cauijeth his fon O'/w to be
crowned : He fends the wife oiEemigarius to him ; he fetleth Lonibardy, and drpofeth
the Pope for adhering to his enemy : Hebaniflieth Bercwi- with his wife and children
into Bavaria. Adelhert liis enemy being defeatfd,the Pope is by him rcflored : then to rc-
.veng? the death of his AmbafladourS , hecut off the Nofes of divers CaUhrian and A'^u-
/iOT Greeks, and fends them to Conflantino^le. The Saracens lofe Crete, C}fr:i<, with
1 00 Cities, Cilicia, T^ri^olls in Pbenicia, Antioch, Calabria, and Apulia , all this within this
Decad. Harold oiNorway^by facrificing his two fons , obtained a Tcmpeft which dif-
perfed th? Danifh Fleet, that came to demand tribute. Mecijlam King of Poland is Bap-
tized ; hebuilds many Churches, and erefts two Archbifhopricks. Edgar King of Eng-
land, impofeth a yearly tribute of 300 Wolves upon the Welch: He is cheated of his
-■wife by his favourite £f^e/rpo/(/e,whom he flew5and then married her.The Datie6 land in
Scotland, and are forced to flie to their fliips.
In the Church, Pope Ivhn is dep'ofcd foV divers crimes. Leo the 8. is chofen , but upon
the Emperours departure John is reftored again; Leo flieth to Otbo-:, he is flain in the
a^ri of Adultery by the womans husband. Bemietthe 5. is chofen. Otbo rtturneth and
fetltsLeo-, I'o Eeniiet is h^mlhed to Hamburg. This makes the 17 Schifme. John y:^
fticceeds 6 years; heisimprifoned 11 motietlis, and reftored by the Emperour; he
was the firft that confecrated Bels, and gave them names. 6 Councels held this De-
cad. Miefcu King of Poland ordereth5that every Knight at the reading of the Gqfpd
fhoulddraw his fword in defence thereof, and at the naming of it, to fay, [Glory he to
thee, 0 Lord.'\ Hungary is converted.
In the EaftjBdrrf.w overcorres the Rebels in Afia : the Kofji expelled out of Bulgaria. Zimi-
fces is murthcred by an Eunuch for complaining againft the wealth of the Eunuchs. Ba-
jilius and Con(iantinc fons of Romanus fuccecd 50 years. Bardai rebelleth, and j*)yneth
with the Saracens.The Imperialifts beaten by the Bulgari&ns.ln the Weft, Otbo raarrieth
ivith Theophania : Otbo the father dieth5and Otbo the (on fucceeds 10 years. Henry Duke
of Bavaria oppofeth him a while, then defifteth ; Henry afterward rebelleth , and flieth
into Bohemia, \vhich is wafted by the Emperour , andHewrji with his fon banifticd:
Otbo makes peace with Lotbarius. Ekain the Saracen Prince makes Akair in jS,gypt hl^
Seat: they lofe Fraxmetum, and recover Confentia. The Venetians drive them from
Capua. PieJro Duke of Fe/zice, for his tyrannies is killed with his fon : hefet his Pa-
lace, S.Mrr/',x Church, and 300 houfes on fire: His fitf ceflbr Pietro Vrjulo repjiredall
again', and beftowed a Table of Gold on the High-Altar. The Ifle oiSemhia in Ptuflia is
fubdued by Aqidntis the King of Denmarks eldeft fon : his youngcft fon Sueno rebelleth
againfthim; at laft, this H(Jro7(i the father is flain, and 5Heno fucceeds. A p.irt ofLorrai«
is given by Otbo to the Bilhops of Lzei^e, Trevers, and Colen. S. James ofCornpojleUa over-
thrown by the Moors ; they are defeated by king Pfc(irem««flf. In England, king Edgar
built 47 Monafteries,befides Ruwjey-hhhy for Nuns ; hels murthcred by his mother in
law : <he in pennance built the Monaftery oiMalmeshury and JFhariPell. Vufiis the Scots
king is bewitched and mUrthered : Culenushh fucccffbr, for his wicked life5is alfo Qain
by a Thane whofe daughter he had ravifti'd.
In the Church, Vomnas 2. ftte 3 moneths; Bennet 6. fucceeded: he is ftrangled in the
Caftle of- St. AWelo , by means oiVtoniface 7. which makes the 18 Schifme : he (eeinj;
thcCity bent againft him,flieth to Coujlantino^le with all the Jewels o'theVatican.To
him fucceeds Bennet the 7. 9 years. This Decad produced 5 Councels. ThcPatriarcl-i
oiConjiantinojfle prohibits Zimifces to enter the Church, for murthering Nicephortts ;
he layeth the fault on the Emprefle , who is made a Nun, and he an Emperour. A
Wheelc-wrights fon is made Archbilliop oiMentz: hence a Cart-wheel was added to
the Arms of that See. 1
Oooo i ' in
Tears ofChfiff-
960
?70
A brief Qhronohpe
v*^
I the Eaft, Baftlm by the Saracens help recovereth Cddbrin and Abulia from Otho, whom
they piu to flight, and took him in Merchants Cloths-,but he redeemed himfeifjand kU
Icth on 'Benevent. Lmjfn is taken from the Greeks by SapjuelKing of Bulgaria. The Ar-
niyproclaimsBdrijf. PM-.W Emperonr, who laidficge to Conjimtmppk; but he died
fuddcniy ; Upon this, the Greeks fubmit to the Emperour. In the Weft , the Greeks
are expelled out oi'Il/^rkum and Dalmitia by Oibo : in his abrcencc,Ger7W(r«j is wailed by
the Sckvi , and Brandenburg taken. Otho having defeated the Saracens otitiily.is woun-
ded by a poyfonable arrow, andditth: he is interred at Rome. His ion Otho -. fuc-
ceedsi7 years. He«ry of Bavaria proclaims himiclfEmperour, fcileth on Oifco'butis
forcedtoreftorehimtothiBiflioprickofMfwte: Otho lahhgntes Bohemia , and infti-
tutesthe PalatimitoftheRhene. In France, Lotharius invadeth Lorraine, takes Ferdun
with the Earl, and then reftores them : to him fucceeded his fon Lewis <. who is poi
fonedbyhiswife. Hugh Capelh dwi'en, and Charls oi Lorrain the heir rejefted • he ta
keth Leon and driveth Hugh from it. In England, the Danes doe much mifchief,' but are
beaten m the Weft. RichardEirl oiNormandy having invaded E«g/d«</, is perfwadedbv
thePope to return. Hay a plough-man in Scotland, put the Danes to flight, after thev
had defeated the Kings forces. Great troubles between the Countries of ^;2<;«/e and
Merncs. In Spain, to Tharemund fuccecdeth Alphonjh 5 . King of Leo« 28 years In ren-
ma.r\(i^mg Suem Apoftatifeth ; he is taken three times by tlie Jutians,znd redeems h^im-
felf, I for his vveight in Gold , 2. and twice his weight in Silver : the l.,ft time he is re-
deemed by the Danifti Ladies who fold their Jewels to free him; therefore he made
women capable to inherit : He is at laft expelled his kin.dome by Erieus Kin, o\ Swed-
UnA.Otho prohibiteth al Italy from commercing with Veniee : wherefore the houfes of
the Caloprmi^rc rafed, their wives and children imprifoned, for inccnllng Otho againft
re«/ce: the Duke becomes a Monk. ^ "b'^xnu
In the Church, John the 1 5 fate 8 moncths ; and is ftarved by Boniface tlie 7
9 yczrsrninnah to Conjiantinople, and after 4 moneths diedfuddenlv
was dragged throiigh the ftreets: fucceeded >/;«,.,.. „ years; he was expelled b>
C#e«;«nheConIul, and ,s by him again recalled.^ TwoSynods held this Decad^
Mdbert B. of f Mg«e,preacheth to the Hungarians,and leaves Bohemia
who after
his body
990-
In theEaft,5<i;«He/Pr,nceofBuIgaru takes many Greek Commanders prifoners, whom
theEmperours army redeemeth by feihng on his Tents. In the Weft.O^i.is croTn J
.tRome; hcpmsCrefcent:us to death for rebelling, and reilorcs the Pope: h nX
Cre/ce;m«,rhs widow hisConcub,ne,whom he burned, for caufing him execut an Fa r
whom ftie falfly accufed. In France, Charls taketh Rhemes : he is bftraved and dieflf ,
prilon. Hugh dilchargeth the office of Major of the Palace and ercSTpo ilirl
heexcIudedBaftardsfrominheritingtheirown. VollTfuc d^^
spam, Sancho ^oyion^d his mother with that poyfon flu- had provided for I m Hence
in'rfr',\M?T'' for the women to drink firft. 5.rce.'o Jfpoiled by he Moo"e '
and the Earl killed; 70000 Moores are (lain, a'nd all recovered fromJhem InSl
tei the Danes are hired by £«e^ ,0 depart; they enter the land aganvith dive s
fleet , and waftemanypartsofthekingdome. Kennelb in Scotland poyfoncd tl e PrinJe
pt OMand, that h.s own fonmight fucceed; whom he declareth hdr: he s ffr Ll ed
in =^Vifion for this murther; vifits the Shrine of Fdkdius , alid is nnuth red bylwo-
n,an. C.«/?am.«echeBald a(rumeththecrown:Af./c./m.,R^^^^^^^
vam : Kenneth, Malcolme\hii, brother, and Confiantine are (lain in a bauef G me N.
phew to mjfus makes himfell King. Adclhen B. of Fr.g«e labourin/to "on vfr wl
M l^^flain there. InHK,zg.r^King.9,e;./.e«eftabli(hethChriftianity^ In De"S Sumo
by the Scots help, recovereth his kingdom. Olat. king of Norway is defeated a Si and
drowned by .W who thereupon pofl^^fTed that ki-ngdome. TheVenetianrtak Sr-
0'r<i,anddeftroyP^.r..:diey obtain oWtho , junldilion over their own Churches •
40Pyi^tJJ?pf '''^^''"^''^' "'""^^"^ '^^^^^ ^''^ DukeofDa/^JrtheyS;
In the Church, John 15 fate 4 moneths; Gregory 5. 3 yars j'the , 9 fchifme follows • for
hanged. Sdvejler 2. fucceeded 4 yearsj this Decad produced 7 Synods.
In
of the principal 'rafales ^8^c,
In the Ea-frjtliHSiiIgarLins are beaten by theEmperoiir, who rtCDversmoltot liisCitics :
he (ends forces againftthc Saracens, now before Cct^ua. In the Well, Otho vifits tfic bo-
dy of jitklticn'm Polunia : He is taken at Rovie, and rcleafcd ; at laft is poyfoned with a
pair of gloves, wiiidi Crefcentius his widow gave him. Henry 2. fiicceeded 2 3 .years, he
aefeuts all his oppoftrs .- ht being in danger at Pdpiir, leapcth down froni a Wall, and
di(-;oynts his thigh,whence hehalted,and from this Vv'is nicknamcdj The Jame. He had
■wars and peace with FLviders, and quarrels with the D. of Baviriix. Robert thcFrencIi
King makes his fon Ko^er/ Duke of Bitrgwidj,\bdns, efcheated to theCrown. Al^honfn
of F:^ain corrciftcth the Gothic Laws. Sancho King of WiWrrr'Siks himfclt King oiSpttin :
His ion Giff^n' isdif-inherited for acculing his mother of Adultery, and Kmnire ni-idc
King of Arrcpn. Alpfxnjo belicging Vifcum in Portugal is ihot dea>i with an arrow. The
Danes are burnt in a Chinch at Oxford : thty rafe Excefler, fpoil iV5rTPir/.>,take the Ille of
Wight\ the C3nttrburi.-ins redeem their peace with money. In .S'fo//(i;i^ it is agreed
th.:t(7n?nertiouId remain King, and A/a/c»/wW'ith his heirs (hould fuccced. Grime ty-,
ranniieth, he is takers by Mcticolm in Atholl, and his eyes put out: To him fucceeds
Mitkolm2. 13 years. ^ofc/fafuismadeKing of Fe/rtw^ by the Emperoiir, who givcth
the fpear of St. Maurice^ and a nail of the Crofs for the Armes of that Kingdom. Cra-
ccvia is taken by the Bohemians, and fragile by the Polander", with the Vice-grave and
King, whofe eyes are put out. EoleJIaus ilibdueth Moravia. Giula Governour of Iraii-
filvaim invadls Hu'igar)'. King Stephen takes Giato wife and children , and treafine
enough to build a Church m Alba. Gi«/(i is baptized with his Family, and difmilTed.
The Earl of Flanders^^xnd the Emperour differ abour Lorrain : the Earl takes Vaknciem,
and rcftorcsit totheEmperour, who beftows it upon the Earl, with thelflts in Zea-
/m,^, which occafioned a long VVar between the Flemminsand Hollanders. Jerufalem
taken by die Saracens.
In the Churchj John the 1 6. fate 5 mohnhr.John the 7.fuccceded 6 years,tben Strgius 4.
5 years. In thisDecad wereheld3 Cuuncds. The Greek Church is united to the
Latinc. The feaft oiA^hrfs Nativity obfcrved by Fulbert B. of Charters. The Temple
of the Sepulchre overthrown by the Prince of Babylo?t, updh the Jews impottuni-
ty; but they arebaniflicd, and the Temple rebuilt by Mary the Princes mother.
In the Eaft,the Bulgarians arc defeated, and there eyes put out,except their Commanders,
who loft but oneeyc. The Emperour dtfeateth the Saracens, and fuhducthall Bulga-
ria, Prince John being flain. TheNormans are expelled Apulia. In the weft, Erem and
Hflfw^H'S Spoiled by the Saxons and Vandals. TheEmperour isworftcdby theBohc-
mians. ThcKingof SHigJiHify makes the Emperour his Heir -, hereupon the Burgun-
dians rebell. In Spain, Fharemimdthe 3. King of Leon rcpaircth the Churches ruined by
the Saracens. The Earldom of Crt^i/e falls to the King o( Navar. Mubiimet b thelaft
King of iheMoorsin Cort/H^a: Pfoarewwz^isflain inbattell by Fer<fi«ir/jc/of Caliile,the
fiiftof that name, King of Caflile and Leon 57 years. The Danes invade Cantehwy
again, kill the Archbilhop, Monks and multitudes of People: .S'Meno kills the Bifhop
of London, takes it, and expels Ethelred. His fon Canutus is expelled, and returns;
and Effce/re</ being dead, the Kingdom is divided between Edmund Ironfide and Canutus :
Edmuiul is Hiin, and Canutus Crowned. The Danes in Scotland are overthrown at
Aberden, in memory thereof a Biflioprick is ereftcd there by Malcolme. The Polan-
dcrs invade Pomerjnifl and are defeated by the Emperour: The Normans ivaftc Frifta
and burn I^/ricfot. TheSaracens take 5ar</i«i(i from the Pf/iw;, and lofeitagain: they
arc expelled Italy by the Popes Army.
In theChiTich, Be«et the 8. fate 1 2 years. Gregory is fet up by another faftion, and Ben-
net expelled, which makes the 20. Schifm. Benet is reftored by the Emperour.
■5 CouncclsaiTembled this Decad. Jews executed at Rome for whipping Chrifts
Pifture. 13 Manichees burnt at Or/ert«ce. It was decreed in the Councer of Mm/-
gc«, that the Bread (hould ftand on the right fide of the Altar, and the Chalice
on the left.
■.r,sofch,ijt.
— lOoo
In the Eaft, BaftB's being dead, his brother Conjiantine reigned afone 5 years, he takes 1 2
Saracen fhips which had invaded the Cyclaves . The Greeks recover Capua: To Ccn-
/fa/ifi/jefucceds Komanus Ar^xHS <,-<jtivs, whofe eyes were preferved by his ivifcsen-
tringintoaMunaftery. In the Weft, the plagUerageth through Cemany, and out of
the
1010
1020
A brief Chronohzje
- Tiars dfciiriit.
•^C
1030-
thedead bodies grew Serpents. The Emperoiir recovers Ca^m, Abulia and Calabria
from the Greeks. The Marquis beat out ot Brandeburg by the Vandals, and he forced to
live npon a Canons place in Mdgdeburg. To Henry fuceeeds Conrade 1 5 years,heCrcwns
his foil King of the Romans, and goeth into Italy : heiscrowncd at ivoOTe,andorder-
eth that theEmperonrs flioiild be crovs'ned Kings oiltaly by theBilhops o{Milan,md to
wait on them at their Imperiall Coronation. He hath Wars with Steven King of Ba-
varia. KK</o/pfc King of Burgundy revoketh the Aft which hemade to theEmpcrour.
Bokpus of Toland forccth his Gentry to pay Tithes, fae niaketh Rufiia pay Tribute.
Olausoi Nerwoy is flain by Canutitslxis faftion, and Canonized : Sueno CanutHs'sfon is
beaten in ^cof/(Zf2^. Bolejlam oi Bohemia huWt 20 Churches: His rucc£flor£o/e/7(?W 2.
loft Cracovia, he loft his eyes, and rcligncth to Jarmire, whofe eyes were aho put
out by Vdalric. OthoDuke of Venice is ftiavcd and banifhed by Flahenico. Otho\ brother
Vrjo Bifhop of Grada procures Flahenico to be baniftied. The Biftiop governeth the State
till his brother Oifco's return , who died before the meflage came. The Earl of Ho/-
/(7?2rfhath War with Frifia. Edrrard and Edmund, the fons of Ironfide, are fent to Svpeden
to be murthered; but 0/(?w King of i^we</e?j pitied them, and fent them to ^tevew King
of Hungary, who uied them kindly.
In the Church, John the 19. (ate 9. years: A Saniceti King is baptized at Rome.
3 Councels held this Decad. The Polonians will rather lerve the Devil, then be
Chriftians and pay Tithes , therefore they rebel 1 , but are fupprcflld : The Greek
Church tails off again from the Latine, becaufethc Pope would not give way that
the Patriarch o\Cmjlanmople fhould be filled General Patriarch.The Gpfpel preach-
in Norrpay by the Englifh.
IntheEaft, Jrgir u; hheatcnm Fyria: F^etaketh Tribute of the Saracens. MyftavLtidll-
fyri<rvjz(\edby the Fazinaz£. The Saracen Fleet beaten by N/'cepfcorw. Zee the wife of
.<4rgir«ff falls in love with one Michael, who ftrangle y^rgirw in the Bath. This Michael
fuccecdcd 7 years, he married Zoe. The Saracens wafle Tfcr^Jfe. Michael flighteth the
Emprefs : The Greeks are called into 6'ici/)', where the Eniperour recovers 13 Cities.
Md«/Vrr-P5 the Sicilian'Governour called home, and one fent thither who lofeth all.
In the Weft, Rudolph King of £;/rg[wJ_y fends his Crown to Conrade, who expels 0^9
Prince of Champaign, out of Burgundy. Conrade takcih MiUn, andbaniftieththefediti-
ous Bilkops : He takes Capua from Pandulphns. He giveth Burgundy and Sni:via to his fou
Henry, whofuceeded 17 years. Hardi-Canute K'mgoi' England and Venmarkj In hisab-
lence Harold Harefoot, bafe fon to Canutus, invades the Kingdom : He baniflicth Erfime
his mother in law. Her fon Flfrcd is betrayed m England, and his eyes put out in
Scotland. King Malcolme is murthered. Civil Wars in FrOTce between the Kings chil-
dren. R obert Duke o{ Normandy dkih^t Nice in Bithyiiia^ jriZ/irtw his b.iftard fon fuc-
ceeded. In Spain, Ferdinand tvikes divers places fiom the Moors, and expels them. The
Queui of Polatid flyeth with her young fon, thetreafure, and two Crowns of the
Kuigdom, to theEmpcrour; who fends the young King C<t/rmire to Prir;/, who enters
the Monaftery of Clugney. lolmd being full of troubles fends to Cafmire, who being
a Deacon was unwilling to return, till he wasabfolved by the Pope, upon the Po-
landers promife to pay yearly, by the Pole, a half-penny to St. Feter, and to cut
round the hairs of their head; the Nobles and Cleigy were exempted from the pay:
fo he returns, and the Emperourreftorcs him his two Crowns, and aides him againft
the Bohemians in Hungary. King Stephen and Conrade make peace, upon a Divine warn-
ing to Conrades fouldiers to return home. Stephen namcth l^ajul for his fucceflor, but
the Queen puts out his eyes, and makes Pcfer King, who reigned 3 years, and commits
all places of truft to the Germans. Canutus of Dcnmarli, makes war againft th? Duke of
Normandy for repudiating his lifter. An Agreement is mcide between Hardi-Canute of
Denmark^ and Magnus oi^ Norrray, that the furvivour fliould enioy both Kingdoms.
Bretijlius of Bohemia, takes Cracovia and other places, with a Crucifix of 3 00 J. Fla-
bmko is called home to Venice and made Duke ; he banilhetJi the family of the Vrjeoli.
In the Church, fate Be?Jrt the 9. 12 years; he w:,s but t?. years old. This Decad af-
forded 3 Councels. The Saracen King of Carthage is baptized ?t Rome. Beren-
garin's A[ch-dea.con o{ Aniou condemned for affirming that Chrifts body w.;s not
in the Eucharift.
In
of the principal Vafages , 5cc.
Inthc>JE»ft, theEiiiperoiirs forces revolt to the Bulgarian?. The Emperour repeiuin-
the nniithei- of EoniiVnis, enters into a Monaftery and dieth. The Nonijanj drive
the Greeks out of Aftdid. Michael Cala^batesh forced to revoke Zie whom he h.J
banifhed, and then having loft his eyes, is thruft into a Covent. After 4 moneths
Conjiantine Monumachui fuccceds 1 2 years : he marrieth Zoe : Ahniaces rebelleth, and is
flaiii. The Ernperour like to be ftoned for keeping a Concubine, bnt Zoe pacified them,
being fheconfentcd to the keeping of a Concubine. Cakhs in Iberia rebJIeth, anel
fiibmittetii. One Leo is fainted Emperonr, but his eyes are put out. The'PaciiiitZ£ ve-
tumtoMufcovia. In the \Veft^ great differences between theEmperour and Er£fZ,w;
thePoIander; The Emprefspurgeth her Itif of Adultery by Hre, and then enters a
Monaftery. Tlie Ernperour beftows a part of Hmgaric. on Albert of Bavma^ and calls
it Jujiria ; he defcrts the Rullians, iniprifontth the Duke of Lorciin for rebellinfr, and '
then rekafeth him, hefetlesalfoPeferin Hungaria: He is crowned with his Empreis
MTxime. His Pal-xc at Nim.gen is burnt by the Duke of Lor^rin and Earl of Flanders,
bnt they fubmit and are reconciled to him. JVilliam Duke of Nurmahdy expelled by his
Subjefts, and re ftored by the Ernperour. Ferdinand in .S'prti?/, makes the Moors his Tri-
butaries, he recovers from them the body of Ifidore. Cafimire in Poland fubdueth the
rebels and Ruffians ; the Arch-rebel M{//JW is by the Prufljansflei'd and hanged ; and
{o ihey make their peace with Poland, on promifeof tribute, in Hungary, Peter for ty-
rannizing is deposed; he flyeth to the Ernperour. The Hungarians wafie Ger7naH>i.
Peter is rt fl:or(d, and tyrannizeth again. Andrewand Bela,{ons oi Ladijkus the Bald, are
invittdby the Nobles, they reftorePaganirme: Peter flyeth, and is rcflwred again bv
theEnipcrour; at lafthiseyesareput out, andhedyeth. ^?2ireB) fucceedcth, wiio re-
ilorethChiiftijnity : He gives the 3 . part of f/j/«garw to his brother Bela. Sueno the
D.uieis overcome twice- by Magnus King of Norway, who was kilkd with a fall from
hishorfe. A great inundation in F/C72^ea. BdWjV}/! the Gentle, Earl of Holland, hath
great troubles with the Gtrmam. The Turks are defeated by the Greeks. In England,
Harolds body is by Hardi-Canuie cafl into the Thames ; he died ot an Apoplexie, and in
him ended the Danes reigne. St. Edvrard, Con to Ethelred, fuccetdcd 20 years: he re-
mits the Dane-gilt. Severn infefted by the Irifli and Welfli, and ifc/K by the Danes.
Jiwrtic, the Kings mothtr, cleais her kit' of Adultery, by paffing bare-foot aud blind-
fold between 9 Plow-fhares red hot : the Lord Cowmrj's Lady rideth naked, to free the
Citv of their Tax. KingI)HWrt«ot ^ccf/fr/Jt/much moleftedby the Ifland-rcbels. SueHo
the Dane de'eated by Macbeth. Witches foretell Macbeib''s reigne, who thereupon kills
the King, and uluipeth 1 7 years : He tyrannizeth over the Thanes.
]n the Church is the 2 1 . Schifm. Benet is depored,and .S)'/i;e]?cr 3.comcs in by Symonic,
and is expelled by Benet, and he by the People. He religneth to Gregory the 6. fo now
3 Popes live in Bcme ; they are all depofed at Sutrium, and Clement 2. chofen, who
nycih intoe?erwd«3', andispoyfoncd. £e«e( p. again 8 moneths ; then Leo 9. fuc-
ceeds 5 years. This Decad had 8 Councels.
Ten,-
In the Enft, the troublefom Pacinaz£ have peace granted them for 30 years : The frontier
Provinces are lb taxed by the Ernperour, that they let in the Turks, Zoe znd Conjian-
tine dk : 7/:eoicr(i Zee's iifter reigned i year; IhebanifliedMcepfcorw whomCoM/?a/it/>je
named his (ucceffor, ludmzkti Michael Stramticus her fucceflfor. He is thruft into a
Covent by Ifaadus Cemiieniis, who after 4 years,being affrighted with lightnina,becamc
a Monk. li'. the VVett,the Pope makes peace between Germany and Hungary. The Duke
of t'rti'ifrfci is cxrelled and flyeth to f/H'i^rfr)'. Tourtie and ^efen taken from the Earl of
Flanders by the Eniperour. Henry :^.. fuccecds <^o years; his reign was full of troubles
by iheSaxonsrcbel!ions,andPope f/iWfka/Jii'sfuryagainfthim. In England, Goodwyn
is choakcd wirhapiece o^ bread, forfohe wifhcd it heknewof E/frt/sdeath. Wil-
liam the Norm.in comes into England, and is promifed to fucceed, if the King die illue-
lefs. King Et/ir(Tr^ was thefiiftKing that healed the King'- -Evil. Macbeth m Scotland
tvrannizeth over the Lords. In France, Henry crownes his Ton Philip at 7 years of age.
Waisbeiwien Atoiirand //rrdg(/?2. Ferdinand oi Spain afTumes the title of Emperour,
v^hich aniMed cheGerrrOTEmperour : Hekils Garziaoi' Navar. San^iiis, Con to Ferdi-
tuv.dof Cafiilc, invadeth Leon, and forceth Alphonfus to file to the Moors f)f Toledo,
whereheivas well ufed. Andrew o( Hungary kilkd by Bela, vAio obtains the crown
4 years-, he maintiiineth Chriftianiiy. In Poland, Eokjlaus the B^ldwas Kii g, who
reigned 24ycars. Sfiitigenius Kins, of Bohemia expels all the Germans. Zrattpus {uc-
cecdcd 3 6 years ; he invaded Fohiiia. The Earl oi Flanders jBctldaiyn, recovers the Iflands
of
ofch,iJi.
IQ40
1050
A brief Qhronolovije
Teavs ofchdfi
1060-
*rc^
1070-
Oi Zefowf^ ti'om the Hollanders ; he is reconciled to the Emperour. The Earl otf/f/-
toiiat port, in Pit-tails, drowned the forces of theBifhop of Cokn and Li''m, kills
thcBifhopof Le/ge, and takes many piifcners. The Pcrfian-Turks invade Media,
Syriiij and t^'.ke Jevufdem.
In the Church, Leo c^.ilis, heimprifonethKic/jfliJthelVormrtH. rid?or the 2. fnccceded
3 years: Steven^, fucceeds ynioneths. The 22 Schifm, by choolini^Ccr/y;« brother
to the Duke of Lonciin,znd Nicholas 2. who fate 3 years ; he gives Sicily, Apulia and
Calabria to the Normans, conditionally that they ihould hold them ot the Church,
and pay tributeyearly for them. ThisDecad produced 13 Councels. The Patri-
arch of Grada is tranflated to Venice. At Mentz, the Pope and Bifhop quarrel about a
Deacon that read the Gofpel. The Whippers about this time, delighted Co much in
whipping-chear, that in oneCovcnt 30oo.brooms were worn in this exercife. The
Patriarch of CoHJ?d«tinof>/e is baniLhed, for aflliming power to throne and un-throne
Emperours. Bevtngariits acknowledgcth Chrifts Body in the Eucharift, but denyeth
his pading through the doors Ihut.
In the Eaft, CoH^<i?Jti«w Dhcw reigns 7 years : in his time St. 5opfcia''s Temple was over-
thrown with earthquake : the Scythians wafte Greece,and are confumed by the Plague:
his Ion Michael Vucas with his mother fucceeds 7 moneths. Komaim Diogenes afpireth,
is condemne'd,then married to Eudocia the Eniprefs, and fo becomes Empror 3 years ;
heflightethhis wife, and beats the Turks in the Weft : Kichard ihc Norman ftiives to
be Emperor. The Emperor is hindrtdby the Pope from repudiating his wiie. The Earl
of Flanders is made Regent to King Philip i . of France ; he lubdueth the Rebels of GaJ-
coin. Garzias of Galleciap imprilbned by Sandius oiCaftile : SanUius is flain at the licge of
Zamora. His brother Alphonjiis reigns 43 years. Garzias King of Knar fucceedtth in
Arragm. Meflaus o( Poland lubdueth the Ruffians in Huigary, Beta is killed by the fall of
fomeHoirfes; .Womcflthefon of y^w^reup fucceeds 1 2 years : Be/u's fonsflieinto Polo-
ma; but thefe are reconciled: St. Pefea Chinch in which ^Vrt/omoM was crowned, was
burntthe next night. Edreardoi England, enlargeth andenricheth ^re/?m/«j'?er Church.
To E(iT)'(tr^fucceededjF7aroWfon ot Godwyn 9 moneths,8c is flain by William ofNortnandy,
who reigned 20 years.fCent keeps its priviledges. JE^gdr fly eth into Scotland; he fliould
have been heir. Coverfeu is inftitutcd. JFilliam is much oppofed by Edgar and the Scots,
who v^'afte all, and burn lorh^ In Scotland, Thanes are altered to Earls and Barons: Mac-
diiff'n made Earl of Fife, who is honoured with divers priviledges: Malcolm fon to Dun-
can reigns 3 6 years -, he is oppo fed by Macbcth''s fon. 'Dunhax for his fervice is made Earl
of MiiTch. In Holland, the Earl is killed by the Earl of Ghjc^i and his forces dcfeftted.
In theChurch is the 23 Schi(m,bctwcen ^o^s Alexander 2.cholen by theCardinals,and
Hwwfiw 2. by the Emperour; he is forced from Kome, he holds Leon/7w and the Lrt-
ferm 2 years : He oppofeth R;f/wr<f the Norman, in his claim to the Empire. This
Decad yctlds 1 1 Councels. The Chriftians at Jerufakm fuffered by the Caliph to in-
habit a fourth part of the City, and to have a Patriarch. The Chriftian-s perfccuted
by the Sclavi, who killed their Pi ince. The Bifliop of Bamberg with others make an
expedition into Palejlina : The Patriarch abfolves Eudocia from her oath of not
marrying. The Virgins Feaft of Conception, ii»ftituted in England.
In the EaftjMrt'iHe/ Comnenus is taken by the Turks,and the Emprcfs put into a Covcnt.jKo-
maHiu taken by the Turks, releafcd,and his eyes put out. M/C't(re/I);(c<ri reigns 6 years; he
is defeated by the Turks. Michael is depofed, he with his wife and (on are pur in a Mo-
nCiRcij. Nicephoruf Botoniates (iiccceds 3 years. In the \Nt%Otbo of Bavaria is pjolcribedo
andhisCountryivafted by the Emperor, isreconciled with thelofsof his Dukedom.
The Saxons and Thuringersrebell, they are defeated. The Princes andBifhofS com-
plain to the Pope againft the Emperour : He and the Pope di pofe each other, liodulph of
Suevia chofen by the Germans , whom Hemy being ablolvM defeateth. Henry is depo-
fed again. Kodulph after 9 battels, lofeth his righi-hand and dieth. Burgundy is divided
into four parts. Lewis ion to Philip of France tails out at Chefs with the King of Eng-
land's two ions, which occAfioncd'lon^Waxs. JFilliam oi Enc^land'impofeth hard Laws
on the Englifh ; appoints 4 Teriiie? : he fvvears the obfcrvancc of King Edward's Laws,
upon the letting up of Edii'"'} who tiies again into ^Yof/a;;*-/. Roy-Crois erefted on the
borders. He fetlethNbrmrt«iy, and ufcthEa'grtr honourably : He takes the Ifle oi' Ely,
forccth JFales to do homage : Hereford imprifontd, and Nurtbampton beheaded for R.e-
bellion. His fon T^ohert rebels in A^O!773<r«^j',unhorfeth his father, aiid is pardoneJ. The
Tower of Lo/^Ywzbegun.He makesaporrcflof 36 parilhes. The Scots wafte K'lrthum-
berland.Solyman of Hungary hath divers Viftorics, and is at laft defeated. Ladijlaus is cho-
fen K. The Venetians are beaten by the Normans. "Thyerric oi Holland dekats the Biftiop
of Vtiicht,,.\nd recovers Holland. Godfrey of Lorrain buildcd Delf. Rhodes and Cyprus taken
by the Turks. TheBifhopof C^dcww flaipii and quartered by the K. cf Tp/rtw.'/, for re-
proving liis vicious lite. in
of theprincipalTafages^ 6cc.
In the Church, Gregory the feventh fitteth is ycers; He perfecutes the Empeiour, isimprifon- ( rem ofOmft-
ed, fends a Crown to Radutph. Twelve Synods held this Decad. Canterbury is made ! UJ^'N'SkJ
Primate o{ England. The Emperour robbeth the Church of her Tythes, whicii cauleth
much trouble between the Pope and him. Boleflans King of Ptland excommunicated
for murthering the Bifhop Staniflaus,
In the Eaft, Cenfiantinofle is taken by CowKenus. Nicephorus is (ent to a Covent. Alexius
Comnenusjfaac's fon,iu<cceds, 3 7 yeers. The Normans ftrive to rcflore Michael. In the
Wcft.Pope Gregory is befieged in Rome by the Emperour ; who takes Rome, and is Crown-
ed by Clennnt. Gregory hides himfelf in S. Angela. Herman D. of Lorrain beinoCrown-
ed by the Saxons, is expelled by the Emperour, who again is defeated by the Saxons. Her-
man at laft yieldeth, and bpardoned ; and rebelling again,is ttoned by a woman, vnd brained.
The Saxons fubmit. Normandy is invaded by the Frenchjand France by the Enirlifh. Al-
fhofifus in Spain getteth Toledo, with other places . The Arch-Bift) op of toleda made P ri-
mate o( Spain, Alphonftesgms to Henry of Lorrain his daughter, with Portugalto hold
of Lean. Spain invaded by the African Moors. JVilliam King of England built two Mona-
Ikries in England, and one in Normandy: he dyeth, and is denyed burial at Caen. Succeeded
mlliam Rxftu 1 1 yeers. Robert Y>vkzo? Normandy zxxzm'^ttxh EngUnd. The Kino
compounds with Odo his Uncle. Malcolm King oi Scotland rebuildeth the Church of Dur-
ham hvWds Dumfermling Church,and makes it the Sepulchre of the Kings of Scotland: he
ereftcd the Bifhopricks of Murrey and Cathnes. Salomon of Hungary built Varadtnum,
and makes it a Biflioprick. Bole flaw of Poland falls mad : his Brother Vladtjlaits reigned
2 o yeers, but would not be called King. Canutus of Denmark, falls out with his people.and
is (lain with his brother in a Church. His brother Olaus fucceeded 7 yeers. Vratijlatu
made King of Bohemia, Moravia, Lufatia, and Silefta, by the Emperour. In Flanders
there was feme difference between Robert and Baldwin about St. Omars. Robert goeth to
prufaUm, but is miraculoufly kept out of the Temple till he had promiled reftitution to Bald-
win. The difeafc caHed Eryfipelas, or Ignis facer, followed upon the fight of a fiery Dragon
in the Ayre. Friezland beftowed upon the BUhop of Vtricht by the Emperour.
In the Churchj Againft Pope Gregory is fetup Clement the third, 2 1 yeers ; which made up
the four and twentieth Schifin. Rome taken by Henry, and burnt by Robert the Nor-
man, whocarryed Gregory to Salernum , where he dyed. His faaion the next yeer
chofc ViUor the third , who fat two yeers. He is driven by Clement to S. Angelt.
Clement flyeth to RavennA, Victor is poyfoned. Vrban the fccond fucceeded 1 1
yeers. This Decad produceth fourteen Councils. The 5«/'ffw»'4»j are inhibited by the
PopetoPieachpublikcly in their own tongue. Bruno inftituted the C<«rrA«y74« Order.
A St ft of the Mejfalian hereticks appear under the new name of Bogomili. Vrban the
lecond makes Ti[a an Arch-Bifhoprick.
In the Eaft, Alexins builds a School and Holjaital. He fends to the Pope for heip againft the In-
fidels. An expedition is undertaken into Talefitna. The Chriftian Armies meet at Con-
fiantinople. They promile to reftore to the Empire all they did win , except Jerttfalem. A-
lexius keepeth not promile with them. They reftore to him Nice , and tender Antioch-
which he refufeth. In the Weft, Henry makes peace with Strasburg and other places.
12000 Jews killed by theCroyfadoers in Germany. Conrade is profcribed by Henry,
who befiegeth and takes Mantffa,v\'kh fome other places. Conrade is made King of Italy.
Godfrey of Bnllen made Duke of Lorrain. Hemy repudiates and imprifoneth his wife.
P^»/;p of Fr4»cf repudiates his wife, and is excommunicate for marrying the wife of Fulk.
Earl of Anjott. He fprfakes her , and is ablblved from two Excommunications. Upon
the death of Vrban, betakes her again, and is excommunicated again. In Spain, Alphonfus
changeth the Gothic charafters into Latin. Ramire flain by the yJ/oor/ , and they by
D- Piedro in Navar zndAragon. The Moors invade Toledo, znA kill Sancho heir to Al-
;)/'<?«/«f-,witbmanyChriftians. William oi England invades Normandy, is reconciled to
Robert: they both befiege Henry, They are all three reconciled. The roof oi Bovs-CUixch.,
with fix hundred houfes in London, overturned with the winde. JVilliam and Robert are re-
conciled to Malcolm, who is flain at Alnwick Caftle. The French King aideth Robert a-
ozWiiifViUiam. Vezcc is m&de, and Robert morgzgah Normandy 10 fViUtam. The King
dvives the ff^/c/' into the Woods and Hills. A Well fprings with blood fifteen days. Robert
coahtoPalejltna. The Earls of (SAf/?tfr and Shrewfbftry Of^):t(s the rVelch. Shrewf-
^nryHiia in Angle fey by the Norway ers. William buiilds ffefimtnfter-hall, and the
P p p p Tower
io8o-
I090.
<iA brief Qhronologi
1£Lj
rem of 0>'jft
'^<t
IIOO-
Tower-wall. In Scotiand,Donald is reftored by Magntu of Norway. The Pccple rebd up-
on the Norwayers claim of the tVeft-ne Ips, Eagar, Malcolmes lon> is called in , and
avded bv WfUiam Rttfm. Dc>i.i/d \stz\i.tn, impriloned, and dicdi. The Palander liibdu-
cthchc Prt'lfians and Tomemnians. Civil wars in Poland. IhtPomerantans arc again
fubdued by ihcToUfider. The Hmgarians refift the Princes in their expedition into '^yria.
They are beairn by the Rujfians K'i'v^^ Coloman theii King. Ericus King of DenrKark^xmh.
his Q.;ieen."o into the Holy Land. The Duke o^Veuice repairs Z,<««r«f4,and makes it a Ci-
ty. Two hundred Ftnettan lliips lent to Syria .- they take eighteen of the Pifan Gallies ac
Rhodes. They iail into Smyrnn-, and take Askalon. Robert of F landers hinders tlie Clev-
oy from making Wills meaning he fliould be their Heir ; but he is forced by the Pope to re-
voke his Decree. The Chriftians in the Holy expedition undet Godfisy oi' BoHtllon, made
Boemund Duke of Jpulia King of Antioch; and Godfrey is King of jerHfalem, He kills
locooo Inhdcls at >4i;^<«/o».
In the Church. Frban fits. Clement takes theCaftle of S. Angela. Vrban flycth, end i«
reltored. Clement flyeth. Vrban dietli. Pafchnl the fecond ilicceedeth i 8 yeers.
TJurtecn Councils held this Decad. About this time were inliituted the Fcafb of Simon
aad Jude,Si\r\tJamef, M/itthias, and Alark^ Some Italian Ma rchants begin the
<j)ideL of Hoipicallers in Syria. Thtec days at EaUer and Widbntide in the Council ot*
Confiatis appointed to be kept Holy. This expedition into Syri/i produced praying
by Ikids. The CifitrJianOtdti founded. Six hundred thouland Crtyfodoers,
In theEalt. Alexitu betrayeth Vrjpergenfts and his forces going to Syria. He betrayeth the
Crojfadoers. A^ain rciioreth Ntce to the Turk , and hinders our expedition both by Sea
and Land. /?(?f>K«;?t^ in revenge cakes Dyrrachium , andforceth him to promilehis ayd.
Ja^eV^'tii, Brandehitrg is recovered fromtiie Fandals. TheEmperour is taken and im-
prifoncd by his ion. The Bifhops of Mentz. Colen, and Worms, devert him of his Robes.He
dieth, and lay unburyed 5 yeers. His fon Henry the fifth fucceeded i 8 yeers. He invades
Hungary for their treachery to the Croyfadotrs. He hath wars with Poland and the Fle-
mings. Lfw*? theGrofs reigns in France 28 yeers. Againft him divers of his Nobility
joyn with the £»^ ///?;. The if «'j^<«»/ are beaten by the /'<»/.«««/«'>• j. Bolejlatu the Polan-
der, with Hungary, league ngainlt theEmperour. Bolejlans traveth Peace. The Dam(h
King an^i ^een die in Cyprw. Aiagntu King of Norway flain in Ireland, Venice make
a league with H »tfgar)i> znd take Brandcfcum {lom the Normans. The F'enet tans lends,
hundred Chips to Syria : for their good leivice at Sidon and Ptol^mais, they obtain of Bald-
tPtK, a Street, a Church , a Market , and other privilcdges. Robert of Flanders fvveareth
Fealry to the Emccrour- and is reconciled to lum. The Haven ot Sraven in Fri/ia Hopt by
Corn flungovei-booidby a rich Widow there. The Frie(landers tebel and are fubdued
by the Eail of Ho/land, in Zealand the Hollanders are beaten by the Flemings. God-
frey of Jcruf.ihm dieth of the Piaguc; his brocher Baldwin fucceeds i 8 yeers. Boemund
is taken by the Turks, lancred hib Deputy takes Apamea. and is takni and kept five yeers.
B»ewnHd is ranlomed , and Baldwin wounded. Hugh Earl ot Tiberias flam by a dart.
Bertrand m idc Eari of Tripoli. Tancred beats the Turks. fVilliam of England flain in
the New Fovrcfl. Henry the firfl: fucceeds 3 5 yeers. He drives die Earl of Shrew/bury in-
to NortHAndf. Gieat diflention between the King, and Anfel Arch Bifliop of Canterbury.
The King and Robert of Normandy diftcr. Robert is taken , and Normandy fubdued by
the King, ^o^e'-t impriUmcd at C^j-^/j^, andhiseysput out. Flemings 'p\3.x\t\nfVales.
The Emperour is efpouicd f- M.ind the Kuigs daughter at fix yeers old. The manycd PrieHs
are perietuted. In Scotland Donald dicth in prilbn. Edgar, Malcolms fon, reigned 8 yeers.
Ttic fiift anoyntcd King there. He built Co/^/K^/-4»K-Mona(iery . and enricheth the Church
of Durham. His brother Alexander lucceeds i 5 yeers. He defcateth the robbers ofRofs,
and exccuteih the ringleaders.
IntheChurch: r^/i:^*?/ was the fiift Pope that fubfcribed the yeer of his Papacy. C/<r-
wf«r dieth, and y4/?tfff« is cholen ; but he givcth over. Theodoricus cholen andde-
pofed. Sylvefier is elected and baniflaed. So the Schifm of 21 yeers endcth.
P^/f^EKj/ fuipends the Liegroirs from the Sacrament, till they had digged up theEin-
pcrcurs body , and laid it in a prophane place. He raileth the Normans of Apu-
lia agiinli theEmperour. Fourteen Synods this Decad. f/«f»aa*Bifliop of //<»-
r^wf*" depofed, tor faying Antichrili was then born. Difterences between the Pope and
the Princes about inveflitures. /'ow^r^iw/^ converted. The Biflioprick oi Ely found-
ed. The Order of Regular Canxms inflituted. Bethlcm made a Biflioprick under the
Patriarch of Jertifaiem, la
of theprmvifalTaJfageS) dec.
In the Eafl. uiUxipts piofcrs to affift the Pope agiinft Henry , if he will bcftow on hirn tlic
Latine Empire. To y^/exim iiicccsds Csmnemu , or Calo-fohafines, 2^ ycei$. He. takes
So/flfo/wfiom the Turks. In the Weft, Heurj ihe fifth burieth his father at Sp/rs : he
forceth the Pope to Clown him , and to confirm to him the Invefiituies. Divers in haly
2nd Germ.tnji K\ok. The Bi fli op of /!/<■»; ^ excommunicates him. He beats tl>e Saxons,
and waftcs the Bifhop of CoUks territories. He is beaten by tiic Saxons , and forced to deli-
ver the Biiliop oi Adeutz,. The Popes Legat excommunicates tiie Emperom-. He waftes
the Popes territories, and fcts up gregory an Anti-Pope , and \vw3.dcs France. The French
invade Normandy. Aiphofifus Duke of Portugal is laluted King by the Army , after he
had defeated tour Saracen Kings , whofe heads are born by the Portugal Kings in their
Aims. Saragojfe is recovered from the Moors. Bole flam oi PoIamcI beats the Prfifli an s
and Pomeranians : he wafteth /?5/;fw/.J, and puts out the Palatine of Cracovia his eyes.
Poland is plundered by the Hungarians. Pomerania fubducd again. D.dmatia. rc-
volteth from the Fenetians to the Hungarians ; but the Duke recovers it again, and lubdu-
t^!.\^ Croatia. P.r/w^rw revolteth again. TheDukegoeth againfl them, and is flain : fo
iruce is made for five yeers. In Hungary , order is given to geld Bela the fon of Almm .-
but he was prelentcd with Cats Irenes in ftead of his. Steven the fecond reigns in Hungary
lyyccrs: he walks Po/ow/.-j. Canmus o^ Denmark^'\i]i\]\z(ih'j AfAgnus. The people re-
bel ; and Aiagtitis is banifhcd into Gothland. The Suevians chule a Km" of their own •
whom the Goths expel. Buldwyn is beaten by the Turkj in Calo-Syria. The Saracens
repulfed from '^oppe. Ai/^iv^wdieth. His coulen faccceds, called Paldwyn the fecond. e^«-
• tioch is annexed to the Kingdom of fer u fa lew • ^o^fr being fliin by the 7"«^-j^/. Con-
Jiance taken by the Earl of Anjou , is recovered by the King of England ; wh.o fubdueth
wales •■ he oppieflcch both Church and State. The Tha>nes almoli dry for two days.
The firit toundation ot Parliaments, JVilliam th? fon of Rol>e^ fttw^'xa Normandy hy
the French and Flemings : he will not admit the Popes Legat. Henry hzizs the French
and Flemings in Normandy , where Earl Baldwyn of Flanders is flain. Northnmherland
^i\d Hitnttngdon are by Marriage annexed to the Crown of ScetUnd. The King leeth the
Earl of Merne'i fon hanged for murther : he was let upon by thieves, and kills them : he built
feme Churches and Abbeys.
In the Church : Pafcal fits ; he ralfeth Forces againfl: the Emperour. Aland, Princefs
of Hetruria makes the Church her heir. The Emperour ftrives to recover her lands.
Upon Pascal's death ariteth the five and twentieth Schilln ; Gelajlas the fecond, and
Gregory the eighth, being both cholen. Gelafins dieth ; and Calixtus the lecond fucceeds
5 yeers. This Decad aftordeth twelve Councils. Knights of S. John of femftlem initi-
tuted. S. Bernard founded the Monaflery ofClar^val ; who was Abbot there ;; 6 yeers.
The Premonftrants inltituted. The femplers are alfo founded, to fecure the high-
ways.
in the Eafl. the Emperour beats the Scythians in 7'i6r<!fff .• he invades the Venetian territories,
JheDuke ot Venice takes many Iflands from the Greeks. In the Wefl: , the Emperour re-
figneth the Invcftiturcs. The Bifliop of Mentz, forced to dilclaim tythes in Thnrtnge, Lo-
tharim of Saxony profcribed. The Emperour helps the Englifla againfl the French : He di-
eth iffuelefs. Lo//)^r/;« Duke ol 5<?a-o»;' fucceeds i 2 yeers, Conrad Duke of Smvin is
crowred at vT/z/^w King ot Lombardy. The Pope excommunicates him. with the Bifliop
of Milan, 5p!rr and L'/w^ taken by the Emperour. The Bifliop of ..^^»f ^ his eyes put
out. Lewis ot France beats the Emperour : he crowns his fon Philip at two yeers old ;
who died by a fall from his horfe. In Spatn , S, Jawes of Compoftella is made an Arch-
biflioprick. Calatravawonfwm the Moot by yilphonfits of Cafiile : he makes him-
felf Emperour of Spain. ^ Alphonftu of Arragon is flain. Baleflam defeats the Rebels
\nPoland ■xndx^xiAd^Cracovia, being burnt. Steven of W««^<ir)' being childlels , hath
blinde Bela preferred foi his liicceflor by the Pope : he is adopted by Steven. In Denmark^,
the People fet up Erictts , and depofe Harold. Ericw cfcapeth a danger. One Harold
invades the Kingdom of Norway., and puts out the eyes of Magnus ^ and gcldeth him. The
Venetians beat the Infidels at '}opfa : to them is alotted a third part of Tyre,, The
Turks invade Syria. The King," with divers Nobles, are taken. Fttlk Earl of
AnjoH leaveih his Earldome , and returns to Syria. Tyre is taken, and the
King raniomed ; who leaves his daughter in pledge , and redeems her with the Sara-
(fen ipoils. The Hollanders rebel, and arc fubdued by the Emperour. C/.'^r/a thf good
P p p p a of
1 1 10 —
II20'
(l/ brief Qbronologie^
,1^-r of O-r't.
1130——
1 1 40
of Flanders, with his Almoner, diftribute in one day to the poor 78000 loaves. He is killed
in the Church of Bruges for his charity, by the family of the Stratenfes. fVilltam, Robert's
fon of A^orw^iW/, made Earl by the French King. He opprefled the people . and is killed at
the fiece of t/^/o/?. VnuctWilliAm of England, with i 50/isdvovvned inthefea. Nor-
mandy xzhth, and is fubdued. King Henry invadeth f >-<i»« , fur aiding frilHam Earl of
Flanders. David King of Scotland puni(heth feverely unjuft Judges : he built Holy-Rood-
houle , and founded fifteen Abbeys.
In the Church : Calixtus fits yet. Gregory the Anti-pope is carried about the ftreets of Rome
on horlc-back with his face to the tail, and then impriloned. To C ^I'xtus lucceeds Hono-
riui the fecond , five yeers : he refifteth Roger in the Kingdom of j4pulia. Ttiere were
feven Synods held this Dccad, At Rome , the Archbishop of Lyons flain , for flandcring
the Clerpie.
In the E^ft , it i$ agreed that ^ntioch fhould hold of the Empire, fohn, fon to Tfaac the Em-
peroiirs brother, revolts to the Sultan of leonium. The Emperour bcth commends and beats
his fon for letcin" rafhly upon the Turks. In the Wf ft the Empero'ir is crowned by the Pope
at Ltcgc. Lotharim crowned at Rome. The Civil Laws are revived. The Emperour fub-
diicth Lombardy. except Milan and Verona : He expels Roger King of Sicily out o*' Italy,
and giveth ^puliato oi^z Raynulf. To him fucceeded Conrad l. fourteen yeers. He pro-
fcribes Henry Duke of Saxony. The Gnel^hs and Gibeltnes begin now to quarrel , under
thele names. King Lewu the lixth of France dieth ; to whom luccceded his Ion Lewis the
feventh, 44 yeers. In Hungary, divers Lords rebel againft King Bela, and call in the Polo-
nians and Ruffians v^o are defeated. In Denmark^, Bricus kill's Harold, and two of his
(bns : Olaus the thira elcapeth in womans apoarel, I'.nto Norway. Harold of Norway is
killed by Sywdrd , and he by Harold's fons. The Emperour takes Frijia from theBifliopof
ZJtncht, and oives it to Thierry Earl of Holland ; who waffes the Bifhops country, and ex-
pels him. To Ba/dwyn in fcrtifalem fuccecds F«/i^Earl ot Anjoa \ I yeers : He takes
( afarea-Pbilippi. and buildeth two Caftles nttxtAl^calon. In England, Steven, nephew to
Henry, reigneth i 8 yeers : He is oppoled by his Peers, and defeats iVc Scots : He takes di-
vers Calflcs from his Lords, and drives the Earl of GloHcefier into France- Peace between
England and Scotland,
In the Church, Innocent the fecond fate I 3 yeers : Anaflaftm his Anti-Pope makes the 2 (J
Schifm. /??«ore»r flecth into fr<?»cf, and is by the French reftored. The Towns that
held with Innocent ■xxtx.'i^znh'j Roger , who fpoils the Popes territories. He takes /««(>-
cent, and compels him to crown him King of Italy. This Dccad p' educed ten Councils.
The Pope makes Genoa an Archbifhoprick. The Fcaffs of S. Thomas, S. Luk^e, and S.
Bartholomew, were inff ituted about this time.
In tlie Eaft. the Emperour died of a wound by a poyfoned arrow , and makes his youngeft (on,
Emanuel Comnentis , fucccflor , 38 yeers. Hiscoaftsare infelfed by Pirates. He difco-
vcredi Cow.r^'s counfels to the- Turks, and fells Meal mingled with Lymi to his Army. Roger
King ot Sictly takes divers pbces from him ; who is deteaied in Sicily by the Emperour's ar-
my. Servta znA //«»^^ry wafted by the Emperour. In the Weft the Emperour takes
Winsburge ; where the women, in (fead of their goods, carried out their husbands. Henry
the Lion reftored to the Di:kcdom of Saxony. The new Senate at t: ome incenfe the Emperour
againft the Pope. The Emperour raileth 200000 men lor the Holy Land unde: Gonrad •
V, hofe proj: ds at Confrant arc difcovered by Emannel : upon which, he returns, having loft
the motf of his men. He mskes F^-ederic Barbarojfa, his brother's ion, fucceffor ; palling by
his own fon. The French King undertakes an Expedition unto Syria,to expiate his burning of
a Church with three hundred people in ic. King Lervis, in his return from Syria, is taken pri-
foner by the Greekj, and rcfcued by the Sicilian Fleet. Alfhonfus makes Portugal tributa-
ry to the Pope. Alphonfm the Emperour takes Cordnbe and other places from the Moors.
The Arragonians worffed by the Navarrois. The Moors lofe Lisbon. Peter , an Earl of
Poland lofeth his tongue and eyesj for reproving the King. He is depofed by the people , and
fleeth to .the Emperour ; who would have teftored him, but could not. Bole fans his brother
fuccecds 27 yeers. The Hungarians put the Imperialifts ( who had invaded Hungary) to
flight. Olam, Harold's ion, claims Denmark^ ; but is defeated by ErtcHS, and driven into
Holland, where he was drowned. Ericm goeth into S^ria ; returns, and becomes a Monk,
and rcfignes his Crov\n. His fon 5»f «o is chofen by the SHanders ; and Canuttu, fon t«
Magntu,
of the principal Tajffages, 6cc.
Magnus, hyihtjutians. This bred Civil Wars. Ericus of Saevia is flain hy Heury,
Suenos ion of Denmark- Venice aideth Emannel againft King Roger of Sicily. S.Mark^s
tower built. The Pirates defeated by the Venecians. Fu/k King of Jerufatem is brained
with a fall from his horfe. Baldwyn the third fucccedeth, with his mothev, 2 o yeers. Edejfa
taken by the Sultan ; who, foi his cruelty, is flain. The Chridian Princes fall out at D-wm/^
cfu. ^ntioch takctthy JVoradtnthcSukzn ; and Prince /?^/w«W killed. The Earl of
F Zander s goeih into Syria. Jn England , /W^JWii landeth, and is crowned ; Steven taken
and imprifoned. She fleeth to Oxford^ and is carried thence in a Coffin to Gloncejler, Kin"
Steven is relealed : he befiegeth Mattd in Oxford ; who efcapes in a fiiowic night. Divers
places yeeld to J'rtt'fw. Mand oozt\\'mto Normandy. Henry \wi^s\n England w\t\\ an
Army, and goeth into Scotland ; where he is knighted. King David of Scotland erefleth
four Bifliopricks.
In the Church : Innscent fits yet : he takes Tybur : he oppofeteth the Romane Government
by two Confuls, and three hundred Senators : he is reconciled by S. Bernard with France.
Celejlinus the fecond fucceeded five months : then Socim the i'econd, eleven months : He
wasflainin afcdition. The Senate challenge the Pope's revenues. Eugenitu the third
fucceeds ieven yeers. He, by Lifw^ of f >-<<»£•(? his Forces going for Syria, reduceth Rome
to her old Government. He fleeth into France. Ten Synods th'S Decad. The Carmelites
Order founded on Mount Carmel. Tetrohruftantis denieth Baptilin to Infants. The Al-
coran tranflated into Latine by Veter Abbot of Clugney.
Teen offhiff-
In the Eaft , the Emperour being beaten by Roger twice , makes peace with him. The Greek
Fleet overcome by iVtIliam King of Sicily- The Emperour makes an Expedition againft the
Armenians in CiUcia. Baldwyn King of Jernfalem defeats the Egyptians,^nd kills 5000
of them. He gives Afcalon to the Earl of foppa. The Bifliops complain to the Pope againft
the Templets, for retufing to pay tythcs. ^^Wwjyw beats the Turks , and defeats Noradin
neer Jordan. In the Weft, the Emperour takes Placentia, and fome other places : He holds
the Pope's ftirrup at Sutrium : He is crowned at Rome , and overthrows Spoletnm. Fre-
deric the Emperour quarrels wiflvthe Pope, and is reconciled. The Pope quarrels again with
Frederic, and excommunicates him. In Denmark, Canutm obtains the Government of Ju-
, tia : he makes himleif King. Sueno^<tt'^\t^x.oGermany. The Kingdom is divided between
Sueno and Canutta. Stteno \6\ls Canat us atateaft; and Saeno is killed not long after.
Waldemur, fon of Canutus that was flain by Magnus, reigns alone. Ingo King of Norway
with moft of his Nobles, purfuing their enemies on the ice, are drowned. The Danes invade
Suevia , and are driven back with cold. King Charles of Suevia is flain by Canuttu fon
S. Ericus. 'Xh.tVenettansmskzPolex.ihwts.xy. Jn Holland , ihep^oTpk oi' Harlem kill
900 Frilbns, who had invaded the Countrey, Henry vcmtns into England : thirty Caftles
revolt to him: he is adopted by 4y?f'Z'<?« ; whofucceeded King 34 yeers. He reforms the Laws,
and rafeth divers Calfies. He takes Cumberland and Northumberland from Malcolm,zni.
oivcs him Huntington. He doth homage in France for Normandy. Hz is beaten by the
Welch. Peace between frrt»cf and £«^/^«^ , by the marriage of f/f«r)''s eldeft fon Ri-
chard to M't^gtret the French King's daughter. Malcolm of Scotland forced to accom-
pany Henry into France ; for which he was troubled at home, when he returned.
In the Church : Anafiajiiu the fourth fate 4 months : then Adrian the fourth , an Englifh
man, 4 yeers. He is forced to crown William King of Sicily. He excommunicates Frede-
rick., andischoaked withaflyeinhisdrink. This Decad affordeth three Councils. Ora-
tion colledeth the books of Decretals. The Eremites of S. Auftins Rule let up by Wil-
liam Duke of Aquitane. Chriftianity planted in Livonia. Petrtts Waldo , a Mer-
chant of Lyons, father of the Waldenles. The Tcmplcrs prevail at Rome againft the
Bifhops.
In the Eaff, Emanuel the Emperour pcrfecutes the Venettans, upon a Prophecie that they fhould
be maftcrs of Confian:. Hedefires of the Pope to be Emperour of Italy , and thereupon
promifeth to reconcile the Greek and Latine Churches. He befiegeth Dawiata , and returns
vvith much plunder. He is forced firom D.tmiata the lecond time by rain. The Prince of
Antioch taken by the Governoiir of Damafcus, Almaricus , Baldwyn's brother , is King
of ferufalem twelve yeers. He aideth the Egyptian againft the Perfian : then , againft pro-
mife, aideth the Greeks againft the Egyptian. He implores the Turks aid. Syraconus the
Tuik, having killed the Egyptian SultaOj makes himfelf Caliph. In the Weft, Frederick^
burns
II 50'
\l6o.
(L// brief Qbronolog
iCU
I rem of Chrift.
**>
1170 —
burns Cromona, rafeth ^/7«?«, and foweth i: with fait ; fubducth Lombardy, and pluhdbreth
yl/f»fs:., for killing their Bifhops. 1\\t Lombards ?iVi<\Ve*7etians io^nzz,^\d\ him, and re-
pair MilitM. He is crowned at Rome. Bolejlaiu of Poland, by gifts, winketh at the
Pr«j(//^»J Idolatry ; who rebel twice. The Polanders , in puiiiiing thrm into the marillies,
are drowned. I'ht Hungarians w'mDalntatia, invade the F>wf«^2« Lands, and ftir the
Greehj ?onir,U them. Bohemia is invaded by the Empcrour. Waldemare King oi Denmark^
h;bmi'.s his Kirgdoni to the Emperciir. Tlie Danes have Wars, then Pcice with tl e Rugia.is.
They are forced to ChrilVianity. A'c^Alon Bifliop of Rofchild beats the Vindals in their own
Country. Ladj'jlans, Vicar of the Empire, and Kihg of Htingtry. aids the Emperor againlt
AiiLvn • whereupon, his Arms are changed from an Eagle to a Lion Argent. Tiie K:;'g enter-
eth into a Mcn-il^eiy , and makes Vogijl.ms Governour •, whom .he King's ion woundeth.
The Vcr.etiavi Mei chants treacheroufly killed by the Greek Emperour '. they take Clios.'
Thierry of F Under s maketh his fouitli Expedition into Syria. Philip his fon (i/cceeds 2 J
vee-.s: he obtains Ptfn?^?/ from the Earl of //f/»i?/r. The Hollanders ond Friejlanders at
varinrce. In £w^/rf>7^j the King and i^^c/^f/- differ: Becket Reeth'mto Flanders ; his goods
arc con fi lea ted ; and appeals to ^owe forbid. The W?/fAare iubdued. Beck,et is rctinveA
bv the French Kino's means. Malcolm King of Scotland builds the Abbey of S. Andrews,
His brother ^////Viw frccceds 49 yccrs : to him is refforcd a part oi Northumberland by
Htnry who repems of his grant, and quarrels with Malcolm : hereupon, the EngiilK invade
( ptntbirland.
InthcClii.ich: -<^/(fJi-<«W?>- the third fits 2 1 yeers : his anti-Pope w.as r;f?ffr the fourth ;
v\hich makes the (even and twcncieth Schifm, fi[lor and the Emperoi'.r are excommuni-
cated by /}lexrt)der. J^illor dieth ; and the Empcroiirs faftion chuleth Pafcbal the third.
j^hx.-indcr flccth to Bcnevrnt, and fortificth Tftfctiltim. Pafchal diezh , and Calixttts
die third cholen. ^cvcn Synods held this Decad. The bodies of the three Wife-men are
traiiflatcd from A4tlan to ( olcn. Pafchal c?non\2eth Charles tire Great. The Order of
Humiliantcs began now in Lombardy : thcfe were poor people who in white cloathes had
tel'dcution of their poflclTions from the Emperbur : thefc habits they retained fiil).
In the Faft, the Emperour gives in Dowry with his daughter the kingdom of Thejfaly. to Rejner
fon to the Marquefs of Montferrat : he is beaten by the Venetians, and by the Sultan oflco-
nium : he marrieth his fon to the French King's daughter. Emanuel dieth. In fei-ufalem,
to AlmaricHs fucceedeth Baldvujn the fourth. The Count o^Tripolis is his tutor. He wafies
the Country of Damafcus. Ealdrvyn becomcth leprous. In the Wc(f , the Empcrour takes
divers places in Italy. Divers places in Germany taken by the Bifhop of Mentx, , for the Em-
perour. AlVentce peace is made between the Pope and the Emperour. Hirwry the Lion
being returned from Syria, where he was oppofcd by the Templets , is profcribed by the Em-
perour, and condemned 6f treafcn. lu Poland, Mice/laus is dcpolhd , and Cajimire his
blotter cholen ; to whorti Miceflans fubmics. In Denmark^ are divers rebellions. In Bo-
hemia, Frederic ion to Lad' Jlaus is aided by the Emperour to recover his kingdom : hein-
currcth the peoples hatred, for opprelfion, and preferring a Germane to prime places, f^italis
Aiichael, the Dcike oi Venice, isflain, for (ufftring the Greeks toabule the State. Two great
Pillars tKi.&.'id'i.x.Venice by a Lombard, who dcfired that Cheaters might play at Dice be-
tween them, unpuniflicd. The Bank is iicre firttereffed. The Pope be (tows a Ring on the
Duke, to caft into the Sea, in figne of its marriage and fubjeition to them : a Cuflom yet ob-
ferved yeerly. The Pope privilcdgeth the Duke and Iiis fucceflbrs to have a Canopie over
them', and eight fdver truilipets to be founded before them. Tht Earls of Flanders and Hei-
nalt make War upon the Earl of Avignon , for fnurtherirg the Bfhop of Cambrey. .The
Earl bcftowcth WcR-F/anders on Philip the French King with his Ncece. In England,
Becket is killed 'mCanterbury-Gwnch. Ireland is milfcrcd. 5fc;^tff's murtherers con-
demned to Icrve all their days in Syria. The King is enjoyned Penance , and to maintaia
200 men in Palefiine for one yeer. The King overcomes thole that would have depofed him.
He goeth bare-foot, and is whipped. The Scok King tiken priloner : then a peace is made.
Itinerant Juftices appointed. Prince Arthur's body digged out of (j/rf/?tf«^«>7 Church-yard.
The Scots aid Prince Henry of England againfl his father. King fVilltam of Scotland ran-
fomcd, upon the payment of a great lum, and rendering of divers CaUlest The Abbeys of
jir broth and Hadington built.
In the Church : Pope yilexander yet fits , but is kept out of Rome. Peace between the.
Pope and Emperour : fo the Schifm endcth. The Pope is recalled to Rome. Four
Councils held this Decad. The Order of Cioffed Friars iflfiituted. The Pope creileth
aBi-
of the principal Toff ages, 6cc.
-a ;Bi{hoprick- at his own Cicy Alexandria in Italy, for their good iervice againti «he Em- y-i .? nfCk-Afi-
perour. The Albitigenfes driven ouc of TholoC^, infeit Bohemia. In a Synod of Rome ^'^^^^'''^^y^
of three hundred Bifliops, Peter Lombard is declared an Herccick , but 36 after he was
.jUftiftcd by Pope /»»of<r«f the third. ■:)»;, ivri
In die Eaft, Ema»ue.lhc\ng dead, his Ion Alexim fucceeds. under his Mothers tuition, 2 veers.-
j4»droKicm, Erf^amels couCm , kills the Tutors (hangles the Emperours mother, poylbnech
iiis lifter, itiurtheis AUxiiu^ and flings his body into the Sea ; and lo lets up lumlelf 2 ycers.
IfoAc Ar.gelHi^loxx^xk^ againft him. yi?»^r««/V«* murthers //i^c's brethren. Jfaac\it-
ing ip danger, fleeth to the Temple , and is proclaiiScd Emperouf. Andronicns is tortured
to death. Ifaac Angelpu reigns 9 yeers. The Pyrats takes leventy of his Ships. His Ge-
; neral Prana afpirech , befiegeth Confiantinople , and is killed. He makes a wicked League
wiih Saladme ; wlio takes all the Cities of AfeJ'opota?Kia znd Aleppo by tvezfon. He in-
vaded Paltflinay and is driven back by the Earl of Iripolis. King Baldwin dieth. Bald-
tvin the fikh iuccceded, who after 7 moneths was poyfoned by his mother , that her husband
Gujf q{ Lu/ignan m^oht llxcceed , who reigned 10 yeers. The Apoftate Chriftians called
Jldamelfickj, ixeinlha\zcd\yf Saladine. The Earl of Tripoli^ calls in 5'^/^i^/«f againft
,C«/, whom he takes prifoncr, and fubdues all Syria , except tyre and Tripoli^. Gay abjn-
reth the kingdom, and is rclealcd. Biirharolfa coming towards Syria defeats the Turks three
times. He is drowned in the River. In the Wcii Otho of Bavaria dotli much milch'ef in
Germany, ^e is expelled. i/f«rr is maintained in iV(?r»^<iW>' by the EngHlli, Peace with
Lomhardy. At Erford Dyet . llx Earls with nuny others , flain by the tailing of the roo ti.
The Emperour and Pope at odds about the Bifhoprick of Triers- The Pope denyeth to
part with the inheritance of Matilda, to Crown the Emperours fon, and to admit liis BuTiop
to Triers. TheBifHopot J</e«f;c depoled for adhering to the Pope. Frederic^halicneth
, for 5;'r/V» with an hundred and fifty thoufand men , and is ill uled by //^<?£-. Henrj ^heL\ott
returns, takes Lttbec and other places. In France, Philip the lecond reigns 42 yeers. The
Jews arc expelled France. The Pfench have wars with Flanders and Burgundy. The Fle-
mings forced to Peace. Richard and foh» of England befieged by the Fiench, who make
wars againft England, King Philtp and Richard undertake an expedition into Syria.
Wars in Spain between Ferdinand and Alphonftu of Portugal. The Moors defeated,and
ihcir King flain. San^iffs re^ns in Portugal 26 yeers. Heisayded by ihe Hollanders di-
gainft the Moors. The Polander recovers much of Rujfia and hituania. The Polonians
and //«»^rtr/(j»/ invade each other. Peace for 2 yeers. Aficeflaw d\e Kings b' other is
received as Kirg into Crr?f(7t'/'i«. C^/te/re cakes the City, and pardoneth his brother. Ca-
tiutfts of Denmark^ defeats Harold the ulurper. He denyeth fealty to the Emperour. The
Danes beat Bifg'flaus^G Vandal. The Emperour returns the Kings fifter for not paying
the reft ot her Dowry. The Bohemians are prolcribed by the Emperour: whom they
flight. Great troubles in Bohemia between King Frederick and his rebellious fubje>f^s.
luhje(fts. Philip leavcth the Government of Flanders to his wife , and goeth into Syriii
" w ith eighty leven Netherland Ships. In Englandxhe King makes his fon John King of Jre-
land. The Welch fvvear fealty to the King. ^/c^.'!>-(^ joyneth with the French agtinfthis
Father. J^jfery the Kin^s Ion trodden co death at Pijr;^. King Henry dieth curling his
children. Richard the nrft fucceeded 9 yeers. He relealeth his mother , and makech the
Bifliop of Ely his Deputy. The Pope fends to the Scots King a Role of gold. He pay-
eth part of his ranfom, and Edinburgh Caftle is teftored .
In the Church : Pope Alexander perfwades a new expedition into Syria. To him fucceeds
Lucitu the third 4 yeers. He is expelled the City. The Emperour lends an Army, m.i-
ny cf which die with poyfoned waters. He refufeth to Crown the Emperours fon. Vr-
lan tlie third lucceeded i yeer. He d'leth upon the lols of Jerufalem. Gregory the
eighth ilicceeds i moneth. Then Clement the third 3 yeers. This Decad produced
eight Synods. TheMaronites forfake the Herefie of the Monothelites. The Te?nple-
Church in Lofiden dedicated by HeracUus Patriarch of Jerufalem. Livonia converted,
and Riga made a Biflioprick.
In the Eaft : Ifaac is blinded and put into a! Covent by his brother Alexins Angelas whom he
had ranlomed, This yi/<?Ar««f reigned ten yeers. He pacifieth //(f^r/ with leventy talenrs,
Alexius fon to Ifaac the Emperour , goeth for ayd co the Latin Princes. Aeon taken by
the French and Englifl). Joppa taken by Richard. He exchangcth Cyprus foi Accn with
Guy. Sftladine dieth, and commands his {hire to be carryed before him. Guy is killed with a
fall
ii8o-
I r^o.
(L// brief Qhronologit^
reers of Ch/if}.
1200-
fall from his window. His wife marryed with Almerick, who became King of Jerufilcm
and Cyfrm. Earl Montfort defeats the Infidels. In the Weft : Henry the fixth reigns
Emperour 9 yecrs: he is Crowned at Rome : his Emprefs is taken by Tiered, and reftored.
He lubdueth Salem. Calabria, Apulia, and Sictly. He makes Tancreds fon Earl of Ta-
refitum. He forceth ^/tf^/w to fatisfie the wrongs done to the Luin Princes. To him
fucceeds Phtlt^ his brother, and Otho Duke of 5<<A-<7«;',chofen by oppofite factions. Philip
t\\tFreneh Kin" arriveth in Sicily, and'quarrdleth with Richard. He leaves his Army with
the Dukeof Burgundy, and returns. He invades Richards territories , and iolicites the Ein.
peroiir to detain bim. He furprifeth Eureux , and recovers Mayne in S^ain. Portugal,
Navar, and Arragonhd.^\xz with ^Iphonftu the ninth oiLeon, againft Cafiih. Alphofi-
fus of C aft He is wounded by the Moors. Caftile and Arragon invade Leon and -Navarr.
In Stcily. William rcbelleth; his eys are put out, and he is fenr into Germany. The Sicilians
chufe another King, whom the Emperour Crowned with an iron Crown red hot, and nailed
it to his head, la Hungary, Bel a dkzh ; his fon £wfr;c fucceeds 9 ycers. His brother rc-
belleth, and is pardoned . The Polander fubdues the Pruftians, ard makes a perpetual Peace
with Hungary. The King dieth. his Ion Lefcus fuececded 6 yeers. Mieeftaus the ufurper
defeated, and hisfonflain. The Queen refigncs the Government to him. The Danes enter
Vandalia. Waldemare Bifliop of 5/^/jvrV invades the kingdom, is taken and imprifoncd.
Adolfh Earl of f/o//?f;« makes great troubles in Denmark. In Bohemia, fVenceflaM 'vi
expelled by Primijlaw. \:it,W\t\\ Ladiflaus,m2kt great troubles there. IhtPtfans are
beaten by the Venetians. The Duke letireth into a Monaftcry. Flanders, upon the Earls
death, is divided between Baldwin of Henalt. Lewis the French Kicgs fon. and Maud the
Earls widow. 7?4/^jv/« leagueth mth England, and helpeth Of Ao againft P^/V/jj the Em-
perour. The Hollanders overcome the Flemings. Jhyerry of Holland defeats the Earl
of Guelder s. Friefland is held of Holland. Richard ol England is ca(i upon Cyprus.
He takes 7/4 the Tyrant, and the Ifland. He is in his return from Syrianken hy Leopold
Duke of ty4nftria, who fells him to the Emperour. He is releafed ; he recalls his Queen, is
i Crowned, and expels the French onto? Normandy. ^oZ'^ afpireth and is pardoned. The
Biflrop of Beuvoye taken , and his Arms fent by the King to the Pope, with thefe words of
Jacob's fonfi, See if this b* thy fons coat or net. The French King is thrice beaten. The King
is flain by a poyfoned Arrow. His brother Je^« luccceded 1 7 yeers. The King ot Scotland
payeth ^he reft of his ranfom , and lends his brother David into Syria. The Church of
Scotland exempted by the Pope from the jurifdiftion of York. David is taken by the Egyp-
tiai.s, and redeemed by the Venetians. He returns, and builds the Church of D«»(i;f , with
(bme Monofteries. He with the King vifit King Richard, and prelent him with 2000 Marks.
The King puts out the eys of H^o/5 Earl of Catnefs, then hangeth him, and geldetb all his
male-children becaufe the Eail had deprived the Biftiop of his eys and tongue.
In the C\\wcQ\\,Clement the third fitteth- He ayded Tancred againft Henry. Celefiine the
thud fucceeded 6 yeers : he gets Tufculum from the Emperour : he makes Ytterbium a
Biftioprick; by his Legat into (jermany, he Iolicites for a new expedition into Syria. In-
nocent the third fucceeded i 8 yeers : he refifteth Philtp the Emperours Eeleftion. Two
Synods held this Dccad. The Jews in a Caftle in 7"ori^-(hive kjll themfclves. S. Domi-
nic of Spain inftituted the Jacobit or Predicant Fryers,
In the Eaft, Thrace is wafted by the Terfians. Ifaac is reftored by the Latin Princes. Alt aim
flecth. Ifaac and his fon are flain by Alexins Ducas. The Latins take Conftantinople,Q{
which Baldwin Earl of Flanders ischofen Emperour. Ducas is caftdown from a Tower.
Baldwins hands and feet are cut off, and he flain. His biothei Htnry fucceeds 1 1 yeers : he
recovers many places from the Valachians. Thiodorus Laf-ari^ makes Adriample his leaf,
who kills the Sultan , and takes Alexius. Henry aideth Lafcaris againft DavidznA A-
lexius Comnenui. The Tartars fit down in the Fens of Mdotis. The Pope takes che ti-
tulary kingdom of Jerufalem from Almerictu King ot Cyprus . and gives it to John Bren
a French Earl , who marrieth the Marquels of Monferrat's daughter. In the Weft, Philip
feilcth upon high Germany : he is excommunicated by the Pope. Philip is Crowned again
at Aeon, by the Bifhop of Colen • whom therefore the Pope excomtnunicatcth, and placeth
another Bifhop. Philip befiegeth Coleu , and takes it. Otho flees into England , and then
compounds with Phi/ip to fucceed him. Philip is ilain by Otho the Palfgravcwho is thcr-
forcprofcribed. To Philip fucceeds Otho , and is Crowned at Rome, and expelled thence.
He takes Acona from the Pope by force, with Apulia and Calabria from Frederick. Duke
of Suevia. Tlicre is long war with the King of Arragon and Raymund Earl of Tholofe,
for favouring the Albingenfes, Philip of Prance recovers Normandy , haying been out of
the
of the principal TaJfageSj ^c.
the French poflelTion 3 i dyeers : he helpethwi?r//j»r againft King John , and puts him ouc of rars of Chid.
his pofTcfTions in France, Peace made between Arragon and Navarr. In Poland, (^reac ^-'<J''v^5>J
contcftation between Lefcus and Micejlam about the kingdom, he few is thiee times de-
pofed and icrtorcd. The Polanders are beaten out of Ruffia, and foare the HnKqariam.
Lubech^ y'^Ideth to the Danes; it is burnt : the King forgives the people their taxes, to rebuild
it. The Venetians obtain C/-«f and the ex£^<«<J» Iflands , at the taking of Ce»_/?<iwf/-
no^le : they are affilied by tlic Wcftern Princes to recover Iftria. Crete is taken by the Ge-
noanSj and retaken by the Venetians. ThcEarlof f/4«^^r/ excommunicated by the Pope,
for helping Venice againft Hungary. The Earl of Holland , and Earl of Gelders, war a-
gainft the Duke of Brabant , anjd Bifliop of Vtritht. IVilliam Earl of Holland and
Friejland gocth 'into Scotland to claim the kingdom. In his ablence, Count Leos invadeth
//o//^«^; who fleeth upon the Earls return. In England Kiag^ohn ieifeth the Arrhbifliop
ot ?or^f tcmporalties. The Barons refuie to aid King ^oA« : he makes his Peace with the
Scots by marriages : he takes AIount-Alban in France.* Peace for two yeers. The Pope
interdiiiieth England, and excommunicates the King : he takes homage of tVales, and mony
of the Jews. King^/Z/^wof 5"cof/^«^refufethtoaid King ^o/jw againit the French. The
Pope fends him a rich Sword and Helmet, with the utk of Defender of the Faith. King
Johns CaHlc at ^^jrw/c^ rafed by King ^Fi7//^/w .• heerefteth theBiflioprick of ^r^//?.
fohn King fVtlliams youngtil fon,with fourteen more , drowned by an inundation at Bertha.
The Kirg buMsPerth.
In the Church, Pope Innocent fits. He fcts out his Decretals. He ex.-omiiaunicates Philip
the Emperour , and Raymond Earl of Tholefe. Two Councils held this Decad. The
Herecicks Almaricans , under fliew of Chaftity , committed all Undeanneis.
The Greek Churches receive the Latin Ceremonies.. The Order of women called from
Pege the Found rcls. Saint Francis, Author of the Francifcans, or Fryars minors.
In the Eaft, Peter of Conflantinople is Crowned at if o»<e,and in his return imprifoned by Laf-
carii ; during which time JoUnta governcth. At laft, Peter i , flain at a Feaft , and flain by
Lafcark o^ Adrianople. The Latin Princes befiege D.j»«<jf<?, and take it, after nineteen
moneths. The Sultan profered Jerufalem , with theCrols , and much mony , which the
Popes Legat refufed.In the Weft,the Emperour is denycd^co«;t,is expelled Rome-):Mt not long
afi:er,hc takes ./^co»^,with^/)«//<i, mA Calabria. Againft him , f r<'^i?r«<r^ the fecond is
let up by tire Bifhop of Mentz. and others, 3 8 yeers. Otho troubleth Germany, and aydeth
the Engltfh againft the French, but with ill fuccefs. At laft,being forsaken by all his friends,
he dyeth. frf^cr/c^ takes in divers places , and is Crowned at Rome. Philip the French
King obta ins £»^/^W of the Pope. Hewarreth againft the Earl of f/<t«^<rrj, fornotayd-
ing him againft King fohn of Ehglafrd • and is defeated at Stlufe. Simon Earl of Afont-
/oj'f in battail kills the Earl of TWe/f , and Peter King of Arragon. The frf«cA beat
the En^lifh and Flemings at the battail oiBovines. The King of Cafiile winneth Calatra-
i/a. The battail of MaradeL in which two hundred thouland Moores are fliin, and many
places recovered in Spain, Henry King of Cafiile, as he was at play, was flain with a Tile.
Ferdinand liicceeded, in whom Leon and Cafiile are perpetually united. Poland appoints
a Governour for Pomerania , and takes a hundred Marks yeerly thence. Marryed Priefls
forced to leave their wives, in Poland. In Hungary, the Qne'en is murthered by Count Pe-
ter. The Danes take Stetin in Pomerania , and overcome the Livontans. King John of
England (\hA\xtth the Rebels in Ireland. LoWo« is appointed to be governed by a Ma-
jor and two Sheriffs. The King relignes his kingdom to the Pope. Hence the P/vȣ-A are
forbid to invade England. TheEnglifli and Flemings take 500 fhips from Philips the
Sluce. The Barons rebel, and are excommunicated. The King fubdues them by the help of
the Flemings, Lervti of France is called in by the Barons. The King poylbned by a Monk.
His (on Henry the third fuccceded 5 6 yeers. Lervii is forced to abjure the Land , and to re-
i^o'cz Normandy d^nA PoiElou. Alexander o{ Scotland :i\deth Leipic, and takes C<jr/;7f. A
Peace is made : Alexander reftoreth Carlile j and BeHry,Berrvick:
In the Church, Innocent fits yet, who excommunicates Philip the Emperour three times. To
him lUccceded Honor iiu the third 1 o yeers : he made fohn de Columna General of the Sy-
rian wars. This Decad produced two Councils ; one at Rome,i'ov the depofing of Otho ;
the other was the Lateran,of 400 Bifliops, againft the Albigenfes. Pope Innocent infti-
tuted the Otdcr of the Holy Trinity, for the redeeming of Captives.The word Tranfub-
Itantiation, firftufedin this Lateran Council. The Feaft called 7V/«wp)[>>« Cruets, was
mftituted in Spain, in remembrance of a great vii^ory over the Moors, The Order cfpoov
women inftituted by S. Francis and S.Clare.
1210"
(L/f brief Qhronologic^
rem of Chrli.
;»*r
In the Ea(t, Rol'ert of Confiantimfle cuts off his wifcs nofe, and flings her mother into theSe:.;
he Icleth many Towns. To him, fucceeded Baldwin t!ic lecond 3 4 ycers t whole tuition was
undertaken by John Bren K.ofjemfalem. In AdriMople, to Lafcaris fucteeded John Da-
cas his Ion 3 3 yecrs : he defeated J[aac and Alextus , and i^o^c rr ot Conftanttnofh, who
aided tlicm. Theodorui Atigdut taketh IheJfaloKtca, and makes himtcif K. there : he is ta-
ken and exoculated by the Bulgarians. Ducas takes divers Iflands in the a^gxan Sea. The
Chiilhansihatbcfiegcd C/Jj'J'f, ate forced by the ovei flowing of 7V/7f«, to rile thence , and
torcftoieD.iw/^M. 7'<z/^7?/»^ is recovered by F/f^f/-/f^ the Emp. He makes a Peace with
the Sultan for i o yceis againfl the Popes will : he is crowned at JcrufaUm, and makes Ray-
noldD. of Bavaria his Lieut, of Syria. In the Well, f rf^/f^/V^expelJech the Saracens out
of Sicily and punifiieth Pope Innocents two brethren : he renews a League with Fra/fce.Jhc
Bifii . cf Colen murthei ed by Count Ifenherg ; for which he was broken on the wheel. Lorn-
hardy rcbelletli by the Popes inftigation , who excommunicates the Emp. for feigning himfelf
fick in his Syiian expedition : th? Emp. goeth nctwithflanding, and the Pope is angry thereat:
havin'' recovered Jerufalem, he is forced to return;to recover his own right at \\o\x\t.Avtrgne
is forfeited to the Crown of f r^wcf-The French K. dicth, and by his will bequeathed! 60000
Clowns to the Syrian wais. His Ion LtTrw the 8 lucceeded 3 ycers ; he compound eth for
Laigucdoc\\\r.\\ Simon Montforts heir : his fon 5. Z-«'H'« fucceeded 46 yeers : his mother
is Rnj,ei-;t; whxh place is ulurped by his unkle Ph:lip, whom the Barons aflirted, and thcD.of
Britain ; v\ho are beaten by the Q^ Anny. The Moors lolc much in AdalitJta.^nA Major-
ca alfo. The K. of Sevil is made tributary to Cafiile. In Pola'idxhe Teutonicks being driven
out of 5; r/<j. have poflefllons allotted them by Co»r<«i^f the Kings uncle, to defend his Lands
gosirH the Prujfians. The K. is murthered by StientoplucHs Governour of Po)neriinia,v;\\o
makes himfelf Pr. thereof. Bol'Jlatts xsK. 51 yeers. Cowr^^f puts the K. and his mother in-
to a Men • fiery. The K. of Denmark^ is ranlbmed , with his fon. Luheck, revoketh from the
Danes. The Z?« /7w<iri^^ who had revolted to Ho//, fubmit to the K. fVence/laus ihc K. of
Bohemia" s ion w aflcth An(lria. Candta revolts from the Venetians.who recover it again.Thc
rebels tlicre kill Rayner their Governour. The Venetians being beaten by the Greeks, make
Peace wih them. Many people peiih in Frtfia by inundations. The Bifli. cf Vtricht is
taken by his v iff.ils , and beheaded. Ferdinand of Flanders takes Henry D. of Bradant
priloner. In £>»j; AW, four ycers Truce is made with F>-,2«ff. Some rebellions 'mlValeszx\d
Linco!>!-{hne- and a Sedition in London. Lewis of France takes Rochel fiom theEnglifli.
TyeGafcoins rebel. and are reduced by Rich. E. of CornwaLTUc kings brother fideth with the
Barons agamft the K. he makes a difhonourable Peace with the rebellious Welch.In Scotland,
the Bifli. of Catnefs is burnt in his houle by the people for exadlion. Enncrnefs taken by the
rebels. Upon the death of Alan ofGallowaj, high-Conftible, his pofleflions are invaded by
his bafe fon, which caufed great troubles.
In the Church, JJonorim fits yet ; he leagueth witii Lombardy againfl the Emp. To him fiic-
cecded Gregory the ninth 1 4 yecrs : he excommunicates the Romans Soi expelling him : he in-
(iigaces '^ohn Bren to invade Sicily. By the overflowing of Tyher,-] 000 people are drown-
ed. Three Synods held thisDecad. The Gray Fryers about this time appear in £»^/<(W.
The Pope demandeth two Prebends in every BiflTioprick, which K. fohn denyetb.
In theEaft. John Bren fends Baldwin of Confiantinople for aid againfl the Greeks. Theodortu
Angel u loieth his eys by tfie Bulgarians.'thzLiX^ns being beficged in Conflantinople, arc re-
lieved by the Venetians, who obtained from JS^/i/ip/w a piece of theCrol's , with the Spun^e
and Lance which pierced our Sa viour. Dkcm of Adrianople takes Cyprits. The Sultan takes
Gai.a a nd Askalon, and defaceth J'frw/rf/fw, with the St^^wkhxt.T he bald K. of iV<jt/^r, with
fome French troops, return from Syria without afling. In the Wed, the Emperour is ablblved
for a great fum: he receives from the Su\id.n of Babylon , a rich Tent, wherein the Sun and
Moon by their motion fhewed the hours of the day and night. Meffana in Sicily rebelleth.
Tlie Emp. fubducs Aiilan, and mofl of Italy ; and refufcth to ref^ore Sardinia to the Pope :
I wherefore he is exccmmunicated. The Popes Croyfodoers defeated by him. Baldwin of Con-
fiantinople leaveth with the French K. the Crown of thorns. The Moors in Spain lole the
kingdom of Certuba after 260 yeers poffelTion.They flee to Granada^ and make it their king-
dom: they \ofzValentta to the Arragonian. The K.ofToland and his mother cicape to Henry
the kings old Tutor, and recover Cracovia : he is chofcn Governour again. Eltz^abeth the K.
of Hungaries daughter is Canonized. Bela 4th reigneth 3 5 yeers : he protects theCumani-
ansagaind theTartars.Thc K. ofDenmark^receweih by refignation fomeTowns from the Test-
tonickj Mr. Wars in Eohemiahctwccn YL.Wincejlatu afidhis ionPrimiflaiu. The T^enetians
quiet C andy. -ihey take Rhodes ; joyn with the Pope againfl the Emp. and burn his bed fhip.
Floris 4 E. of Holland flain by the E. of C Igrmom ,zud he by the Eatl of Clcve. fVilliantj
the
of theprincipalTaJfages^ 6cc.
the ftcond fuccceded Enil of HolLnd 2 o yccrs. In England,x.\\t K. makes a League with the Jccvf ,:f.P-/:(}.
D. of Britain : lie fubducs the Iiifli. The E, of Kei^t imprifoncd. Peml>roke and others le- L«<S''°S/''"*'«i>J
bcl. The Welch invade Engl And. The Pope is denied aid. The K. reconciled to the Earl of
KeKt» The B. of iVincbefier cauleth great troubles. The Welch Prince liibmits co England. I
The E. of 7Cf«t- degraded, A traitor drawn in pieces for attempting to kill the K. The Popes [
Lcgats brother is killed by theO.v/ar^-Scholars. The Scots make peace with the Enghfli. The
Popes Lcgat is denied entrance into Scotlandi by K. jilexttndcr. .
In the Church : Gregory fits yet ! he raileth Italy againft the Emp. for denying to teflcre Sardi-
nta. This Decad affordeth two Synods. Prajfia receiveth the Faith. The King of England
ercfteth the houle of Converts, now the Rolls. The Greek Church tails off from the Pope.
In the Eaft, Will, of Verona is made King of TheffaloHtca by Baldwin. Ducat of Adrianople
grew fo rich wirii felling of eggs to the Turks in a famine, that he made a Crown of the profits
of eggs ; which he therefore called Ovata : he fuffered no apparel but of the manufadlures of
his kingdom to be worn.The Tnrkj are expelled out ofCappadocia by the Tartars.Tht Sara-
cens beaten and killed by the Templers : they prolecute the Teutonicks for fiding witli the Em-
perour. The Sultan prevails in Palefiine. The French K. and his two brothers are taken in £-
q^ypt. In the Wed, the Emp. prevails in Italy, and there ttampeth leather money. Leopold of
Auftria takes the title of Arch-duke. Divers Cardinals taken by the Empeiour , and releafcd.
Divers towns in Italy revolt from him : he is dcpoled by the Pope. The GihelUnes are for him,
Ctielphs for the Pope. Henry Land-grave of thuring, let up againft Frederick^: he defeats
Conrad the Emp. fon. Henry befiegeth Vim, where he is killed. Much of Florence burnt by
the two factions, l^;//. Earl of Ho//<?»<i iet up againft Fr^^mc ; who is defeated h^^ Conrad
Frederick's fon. Lewis of France will not invade fw^/^W, though the Pope requefted him.
Mnrzjia and Granada made tributary to Cafiile. Poland is wafted by the Tartars and Civil
Wars. Hungary '\s^s,i\tA\iyi\,zCHmans. IhtYi-.^ttthto Frederic T)\ikt oi' Aufiria~ to
whom he pawns three Provinces : but by the aid of the Knights oi Rhodes,he recovers his king-
dom. Civil wars in Df »w/ir/^,between K,EricM and his brothers. A peace concluded. Ottocar
K. oi Bohemia, to enlarge his kingdom , buyeth Carintha and other places adjacent, towards
the Adriatick,S>tz, Apulia is taken by the Venetians. Margaret ot Flanders hath two fons ,
by two husbands, both which claim the Earldom. The French K. and Pope order, that to her
IVilUam her younger ion fhould fucceed in Flanders, and fohn the elder fhpuld have Henalt.
William goeth into Syria : fohn invadeth Henalt , and forceth his mother to buy her peace
in England ■ baniflieth the Italian ufurers , and fends away the Popes Lcgat : he is forced to re-
turn from PoiEtou difhonorably. 6r«j^<?tA Prince of ^<j/if/ broke his neck from the Tower.
The Welch invade England. The King fells his Plate and Jew'cls to the Londoners for want
of moneyj and ftampeth a new Coin called _/?ffr//»^-money. In Scotland, Argile rebelleth,
and is overcome and pardoned.
In the Church: Ca/<f/?*'»f the fourth fate 1 7 days. To him faccecded Innocent the fourth
1 1 yeers : he excommunicates the Emperour, makes ten Cardinals, and gives them red hats :
he dcpofcth Fr^^^r/'cJ^, and demands the fifth of Benefices through Fare;?*' .• he lideth
Henry w'xrhmontyjiozmii Frederick; Two Synods this Decad. At Lyons, the Pope
accufeth the Emperour of hercfie ; and he the Pope of exaftions. The Cham oiTartary
converted. Pet. de Vineis lofcth his eyes for accufing the Pope, being hired thereto by the
Emperour ; and dafliech out his otvn brains.
In the Eaft, Baldxvyn defpairing to hold Confiant, goeth into Italy to Frederick,, with the trea-
fure which he took out of the Temple. Ducas Emperpuv of Adrianople^ ma-kes Michael
jingelm and his fon Delpots. After him fucceedcd Theodortu Ducm,ox Lafcarts the yor.ger,
4 yeers. He forceth ^;f^<i*/ and the 5«^<jr«<i»j to fubmit. Michael Paleologus (idcth
with the Turks ; is called home, and made high-Conftable. To Iheodorus liicceeded his fon
%hn Ducat, 6 yccrs old. His Tutor was Michael Paleologw , and then Emperour , con-
ditionally to relignc when ^ohn was 24 yeers of age. Damiata reftored upon the reftitution
of the French King. Sidon taken by the Sultan of Egypt, and recovered by Lewis who returns
intoFr<iW(?. Bela King of Hungary fends Forces into Syria. The Tartars fubdue Me-
fopotamta for the Chriftians : they take alfo Bahylemndi Aleppo, and lubrtuc ^yria. In the
Weft, Frf</^r;c/^ the Emperour dicth. The Empire flood long void. Conrad his fon, mur-
thcreth his brother F/^ar;' ; (p6\\a\\ Naples indi Capua : he is poiibned by Al'anfied his
bsftard-brother. Richard Earl ofCormval, and Alphenfw King of Cafiile, in competition
for the Empire, fohn Eavl of Britain is the firft Duke thereof. King Lewis gives Gwyen
Q.qqq 2 to
1240-
1 2 JO — '
^A brief Qbronologie^
recr^ of Or,-i(i. I
1260
to Kin" Henry , conditionally he renounce his intereft to all other lands in France. At this
time lived the oveat Aftronomer Alfhonfns the tenth, King of Leon and Cafiile. Theobald
of Navar becomes vaflal to Cafltle ; who expels five Moonfli Kings out ot Sfain. Al-
phoyiftM defied Emperour ; but he negleds it. The Duke of Lttuama bccometh apottate.
The Kinc; of H«w-«>7 invades ^«/?r/^. and kills Frf</(;r/c^in battel, la Denmark^, Ahel
the Kino's brother cauleth the King to be beheaded and caft into the Sea : he fuccceds King ; is
defeated by Ins lubjedts , and (lain by the Frifans. The Bohemians convert Priijfia. The
VeKetians take Padua. Venice taken by the Genoefes, and arc expelled. The Dean of S.
Marks privilcdsed by the Pope to wear ^Mitre and Crofier-ftaflf- at lolemn times : they quar-
rel with the Gemans abput a Church in Aeon. fVtlliam of Flanders returns from Sjria,
and is killed in a Turnament. Margaret lofeth Nemours : (he is fain to part with Henattlt
to her Ion lohn, who dieth. Alargaret's ions are taken ; and releafed, conditionally that fhc
beltow herdaiighter5f<ifr/"ff on F/orftf Earl of Ho//«i««(, and fhouid have for her Dowry
the Iflands of Zf4/^>fi!/. The Earl of J/0//4W is crowned at ^/t^» .• he builds the Palace
at the Hague : he helps fshn ajainft Margaret of Flanders : he is wounded at TJtricht,
and is flain by the Frijians. His Ton Floris the fifth fucceeded young : his Protcftor Floris
is flain. Henry Duke of Braham made Proted^or, and is expelled. The Nobles chule Otho-^
but the people , Alice the Countefs. Henry the third of £»^/^»^exn61:eth money of the
Jews : lie confirmeth Maq^na Charta, and leduceth Aquhatn .- his fon Edmund invelied in
StcUy by a Ring which the Pope fent : his eldeft fon made firfi Prince of ffales, and Gover-
nour of Ireland and Acfnitain. Richard the King's brother chofen Emperour : he is forced
to fwear the expulfion ot Grangers. Tlie Pope difpenlcth with his Oith. He rcfignes iVor-
mandy, Majne. and Anjou , tbr'money. Alexander the third of Scot land mixxxtth King
Henry's daughter of England : he is opprefi'ed by the Commons , and carried to Sterling.
They reftore him, and aie pardoned : the chief ot their faction Menteith, is poifoncd by his
wife. AUx.inder is by King Henry made Earl of Huntingdon.
In tlie Church : Innocent fits yet : he proferred Sicily to Richard Eavl of Cornwal. Ale-
xander the tburth fucccedeth 6 yeers : he takes divers places from Ecceline of Padua :
■ ji<'?iin{\ whom, Lo7nl>ardy3iv\ieih\n Arms. The Pope, upon a iedition of the Romanes,
i\ceih to Viterlnum. The Pontificians are driven outofApulit^hy A^anfiedyVihofo'ifon-
cd Conrad o( Sidy, and got himfelf to be crowned. In this Decad there was but one
Council held , at ZJratiflavia in Poland ; where the Pope demands the fifth part of all Be-
nefices for three yccrs. About this time, the Bible was diftinguifhcd into Chapters, and the
Mra of Alphonfus begins. Robert Sorbonim eiefteth the Sorbonilts Coliedgc at Paris.
The Books of H^. de S. Amore, written againfl the Mendicants, burnt by tiie Pope. The
Carthujians renounce flefh-eating. Richard Earl of Cornwal lets the Order of Sacca-
tari, or Bon hontmes.
up forts againft Conflantine • which are taken by Alexius Stratego-
n France. Michael puts out the eyes ot the young Emperor. Thrace
In the Eaft the Greeks let ^
fulus. Baldwin dieth in ^ance. Michael puts out the eyes ot the young Emperor. Thrace
invaded by the Turks and Bulgarians. The Tartars expelled out of "^yria by the Sultan of £-
gyp, Tye taken by the Venetians. Hugh Lnfgnan, Viceroy of Nafles: arrvies at Aeon
befiegcd by the Sultan,who kills 500 Citizens : he takes alio Joppa and Antiochyio the lois of
many Chriftians. Lufignan is crowned at Aeon. Prince Edw. returns frcm ^yria into Sicily^
where be is wounded by an Infidel. In the Weft, a ledition at Coleu ; the B. is imprifoned by
the E. of Juliers. Charles K. of Stcily made Vicar of the Empire. Ottocar K. of Bohemia
refuleth to be Emnciour. Rodiilph Earl of Habjpurg chofen 1 7 yeers : he letuleth to go into
Italy. Florence is taken by Adanfred of Sicily, \n\\o expels the Guelphs. Charles the French
Kinos brother is made K. of Sicily and Jerufalem at Rome, tor a tribute of 40000 crowns :
he kills Manfred,-xr\d bcheadcdi Cenradin D. of Acftria, and the Marq. Baden. Yi.. Lewis
of France takes Carthage from the Moors, and bcfiegcth lunis .- his Army weakned by the
Placne. The African Moors invade C<?/?/7c.- peace between tlicm. -/^//)Ao«/i is moleftcd by
his Nobles for releaf.ng the homage of Portugal. The Rujftans are defeated by the Palatine
of Cracovia. The E. of Cracovias witc delivered ot 3 6 boys at a birth. The K. ot Di;»-
w4>-;^and his mother taken in battel by the Duke of Holfi. Albert D. of Luneburg made
tutor to the K. He is expelled by the ppople, and the Land iuterdufted by the Pope. The K. of
Bohemia finding his wife barren, begets his maid with chllde,upon his wives permiffion. whom
he at laft divorccth. The Genuans take Canea in Candy, and a rich fhip from the Venetians,
who fend another Fleet into -/4fo». In £»^/»j«</, the Barons rife againft the King, who takes
Z.«i»(^o»-tower,with Dover and RecheJler-CziWes. Oxford Adlsmadc void. Great Civil wars
between the K, and his B.irons : he is taken, with his brother Richard. Leicefier is flain. 500
Jews
of thepri ncipal Taffages^ dec.
Jews killed ztLoidov. Divers BiOiops excommunicated by the Pope fox fiding mthLeicefii
l^pndon taken by GloHCefier. The Prince of VV<tles reconciled to the King. Alan de la Zottch
killed. Aqainoi Norway z-%.i^\\ii6. one of the Iflcs by theK. of S^-or/^W. Olaw, Aqtiins
lucceflbr, quits his ciaim for a ium of 400.0 marks, and i 00 marks ycerly.
Jn the Church ; VrhAn 4 fate 3 yeers ; he excommunicated Manfred, aod inftifuted the feaft
of Corpffi Chrifii , by Tho. A<]Ktnas his perfwafion. Clement 4 fucceedcd 3 yeers. vThis
Dccad were held five Councils. The whipping fe6l now begin. The Order of redemption of
Captives indituted. The Z,««4»/4«j fall off from Chrilt , and perfecute his members. An
hundred thoiifand Albigcnles defeated by eight rhoufand Cathoiickes , under S/>»tf«Earlof
Montfort. S. yf«7?/«'s Eremites are reduced to one habit.
In the Ea 11 , the Emp. /^//VArff/ackiowledgeththc Pope's Supremacie in the Council of Lyons-,
confittingof 500 Bifhops-and i 000 Abbots. Alexius v.^vd^.dt Tra^ez^nnd. TheGreeks
beaten out of Afia minor by the Tftrkj. Michael dieth, and is dishonourably buried. The
Pyrates come to the Ports ofConjlant. Acan is again befieged by the Sultan. Httgh concludes
a peace with him. Henry Prince of Aleckjehttrg is imprifoned 26 yeers at Caire, and then
returns home. Ch/irles of Sicily ch'ims utlezo fern falem from A^itria Dominilla 3. p^ezen-
der :'his Viceroy is received by the Templets. The Holpitallcrs wsJie the Saracens Country.and
take from them Margath Cattle ; which they bcfiege, and are beaC<;n off. The Sultan of Ba-
^y/(7» defeated by the Tartars and Armenians. In the Weft, the Emp. takech Aujlria , and
bcfiegeth Vienna. On tear, not able to relieve itjlubmitteth, and rebelleth again. The Emp.
beftows the Exarchat and Hetrnrta on the Pope, to maintain the Syrian war. Ottacar, with
1 4000 Bohemianscut off by the Emp. who beltows on Wencejlaits his daughter & the kiiig-
dom. In France, Pljrlip 3. reigneth I 5 yeers : his (^dieth at Tunis : his Ion Leivii is poy-
fbned by Peter la Bsoch .- the Qijsfufpedted, and poyibncd with her Ion. Peter of Arragon
drowneth his brother by the advice of his father. Henry of Navarhi'm^dQzA , the govern-
ment of that Kingdom is undertaken by Philip of France in right of his Ion, who had mar-
ried the Infanta. Peter 3 of Arragon is K.of Sicily- in right of his wife. His brother lames
made king of Majorca and Minorca. Steven ? of Hungary recovereth Buda from Qttocar,
and fubdueth the Bulgarians. Ladijlam his fucceffor kills Ottacar in battel, in defence of the
Emperor. D^tnsk^^ which was morgnged to the Marqucfs of Brandenburg is recovered by the
king of Poland ; who defeated the rebels that conipired his death, for naming Lffi:o his fuc-
ceffor without the peoples content. Poland troubled with the Prujfians and Lituanians. In
Denmark^, there is war with theD.of Slefrvick- Olam Migntu of Norvoay inhibits trading
with firangeis in his Country, t\\ his Ports were O.ut up by their iliipping. The king of Sne-
via being ovcrcciTie by Magnus his brother, and the Danes, rel'gnes up his Crown. Ottacar
of Bohemia bcino dilgraced by the Emperour, rebelleth , and is (lain. Ventce is diftreffed by
the Genuans and Paduans : a peace with them for 5 yeers : and they renew their League with
tliC Greeks, fht Ijlnansxtvoh, and are lubdued. The Ancowans incenfe the Pope againft
Ventce. Troubles between F/^Kiiifrj and £»^//?«<^ ; \icx.v«:ctt Flanders z^A Liege. Marga-
ret Countefs of Hennehurg in Holland, died : £he had at one birth 365 children, baptized by
the Bifliop of Vtricht. ■ In England, Edrp. i . reigneth 3 4 yeers : he tinifhed the Church of
Weftminfler. Lcolin Prince of IVales refufeth to be prefent at his Coronation ; againit whom
the king marcheth , and forceth him to lubmit. The King of Scots tend.eth men and money
mo Syria: he, with his Q^ are prclent at K. f^w^jr^i's Coronation. ffr^«<«r^ made Earl of
Rofs: for overthrowing a ftrong bragging Norman in the Englifli Court.
In the Church : Gregory 1 o fits 4 yaers. He interdit'teth the Florentines for banifiiing thence
t\ie Gibellixes. To him fucceedcd Innocent 5. five months .- tlien Adrian j. one month: then
John 2 c. eight months. He was killed by the fall of a room at Viterhium Nicholas 7. luc-
ceeded ^ yeers : he alters the Government of Rome, znA takes fiom Charles the title of Vicar
of the Empire. One Synod held this Decad. At Saltz,l>urg,the OtAzxofCeleflines founded
by Peter de Mrtrcone. MtcheieUhtQvttk Emperour defpiled at home, for acknowledging
the Pope. At Lyons, in that Synod the Conclave is ereftcd, and geniculation at the namine of
JESUS, and the tenths of Benefices granted towards the holy war.
In the Eaft, Andr aniens the Emperor imprifoneth his brother John for his popularity. Afia minor
divided by the Turks into Satrapies. The Chriflians perfecuted by tlie apoftate Cham of Tar-
tary. John, Ion to Hugh K. of ferufalem, fucceedeth in Cyprus : then Henry, who is crown-
ed MTyre- Trmlis taken, with the lofs of 7000 Chriliians. Hemy and the Sultan make
■' peace.
127c
<*A brief Qhronologtt^
rcers of Om(t.
peace. In the Weft, the Switzers, hitherto fubjefl to Savoy , are fubdued by the Empci-our,
who enlaroeth the priviledges of Luca and Florence for money : he demolidieth 60 Caliles
in T/'«r<«?, which harboured thieves. Teter of ^rr4^o»,w ho married Manfred's daughter,
is called in by the Sicilians, who kill all the French in two hours , when the bell rung to the
Fejpers. Peters General defeats Charles his Fleet. Charles rccovercth Maples ; where'the
¥:cnchirthezieahy James, Peter's Ion. Wars between Fr^«rf and Arragon-, in which
Teter dieth of a wound. Philip the fourth raigns in Trance 2 8 yeers. Peter of Arragon
dieth • whofe two fons fucceeded ; to wit, "^ames in Sicily, and Alphonffu in Arragon, who
took 'Majorca from lames. The Moors expelled Minorca. Great troubles in Caflile.
Lefcpts the Polonian fpoileth Rujfia , and expels the Lituanians out of Poland. Lefim
forced by his people into Hungary ; who returns , and expels his competitor Conrad. The
Tartars carry away out of Poland twenty thoufand Virgins. Great troubles there, between
LefcM and Conrad, and their brothers. Ladijlaus of Hungary defeateth Oldamire King
of the Cumanians ; who return with the "Tartars, and fpoil Hungary, &nd kill the King,whom
the Pope a little before had curfed for his Concubines. Ericus King of Df»w<jr;^killed with
56 wounds : the Rebels flee to Norrvay. Iht Norwegians and baniflied Lords invade
Denmark.. The Venetians make war upon the Patriarch of Ac^mleia for helping the Iftrt-
ans. The Pope makes peace between them. In Flanders , there is a rebellion at Bruges.
War between Brabant and Guelder s , about the Earldom di Nemours. Floris of Holland
llibducth the Frijians, and tranfports his fathers bones thence to Middleburg. Many people
pcvifli in Frifia by Inundations. In England, Leolin of Wales is flaln, and his head let upon
the Tower : his brother David hanged and quartered. King Edward fits as a Peer in the
French Parliament : he ranfoms CW/f j king of ■$'<W/j''s fon : he makes the competitors of
Scotland fwear to ftand to his arbitration. The Scots king dieth without iffue, being flain
with a fall from his horle. Six Governours appointed. Great troubles between £r«ff and
Baliol about the Crown.
ImheChurch, fate J/ijmV; the fourth , 4 yeers: he excommunicates and depofeth Pf^fr of
Arragon , and bellows it on Charles Valois the French kiHg's youngefl fon. Honortus
the fifth fucceeds 2 yeers : he is oppoied by the Germans in a tax. Nicholas the fourtl; fuc-
ceeded 4 yeers. This Decad yeeldeth four Synods. Seven rich Merchants of Florence
infticuted the Order of liervants of Mary. The Order of Chaplains alio and Anchorites
fet up. The Pope excommunicates the Greek Emperour , for breaking his promiic made
at Lyons, At fVefel, the Jews crucifie a young man.
In the Eaft, the Turkj invade the Empire. Michael Strategoplw imprilbned by Andronicus,
The Emperours forces defeated by the Turk, Ronz,ertut a Pirate made Cefar : he oppref-
feth Afta, and is flain by the Army of Michael the young Emperour. The Saracens take
Syria, after 192 yeers poflclTion by the Chriftians, fince Godfrey recovered lerufalem. Thir-
ty thoufand Saracens killed by Caffan the Cham, who recovers Damafctts ; but lofeth all a-
gain, being called home by domeftick troubles. Ottoman the firft , Ion to Erthogul, takes the
title of Sultan. In the Weft, fVencejlaus king o^ Bohemia is confirmed in the Eieftorate, and
chief Imperial Butlcrfliip. Adolph Earl of Najfau named Emperour by the Bifliop of
yW(-»fi, who had got the other Electors to aflent. The Styrians i'ubmit to Otho Duke of
Bavaria, who is forced to flee. The Emperour takes pay of the king of England, for his aid
againft the French ; with the which he buyeth Thuring for his ftipend ; and for facriledge
and adultery he is depofed, and is killed by Albert Duke of Auflrta , who fucceeds 9 yeers.
At his Coronation, the Duke of Saxony is iinothered in the preals of people. France makes
peace with Arragon, and war with England and F Under s. The Parliament df Paris is let
up. Philip of France obtains Stctly hy marrying with the fifter of Charles the lame. Kin<»
£<fip« is canonized. f/<jW^r/ united to the Crown of Fr4«r^. lames ol Arragon mzdc
king of Sardinia by the Pope. The Bohemians feize upon Cracovia. Ladiflaus , who
had elcaped m a Monks habit, returneth , and beats the Bohemians in Cracovia. The Tar-
tars walk Poland. Primijlatu Duke of great Polonia is crowned king, that title having
been omitted 215 yeers : he is marthered by the Marqucfs of Brandenburg. LoBicrts fuc-
ceeded, who refuted the title of king : he is depoled, and fVeticeflatu king of Bohemia chofen.
Whilft Andrew king of Hungary is wafting Auftria, the Peers , by the Pope's pcrlwafion,
chufe Charles, fon to Charles Martel, for their king. The king of Denmarkji\\s out with
his Archbifliop ; wheieforc the king is cenfured at Rome to pay to the Archbifliop 49000
marks; and the Land is interdi(5ted. The prilbns having put themfelves into the king's pro-
tcftion, murther his Governour. i»^fc craves protetftion of the P<?«f. In Bohemia, the
Lords rebel, and make the Duke of Vratijlavia king ; vvhowasfhortly after poylbncd.
Pera
of the principal Tajfages, 6cc.
Pera by Conft<t»tinople is taken by the Venetians , whole Flee: is taken by the Genuans at
Corfu, who alio take Cydon in Crete. The Genuans attempt Fenice to no pmpole. Great
executions at Vettice, for plots againft the State. The Paduans build a Fort in tl:c Vcnecians
territories, which they demoliflied. They make the Greek Emperour pay his debts. JohyiD.
oi Br ah Mt {skxWzA. Iht'Es.tloi Flanders , and his wife, the Prince of ^K^/fj-daucVircr!
arc invited to Fr<?»cff, and imprifoned at P^irw : he fides with the Englifh z%z\n{i FraKce.
Charles Galois invadeth Flanders , takes (7«/, and many of his NobiHty prflbacis. The
Eztl of Holland cinms Scotland in right of y^^^ his grand-mother ; butis difl'sv.ided fiom
it by the Ki ng of £»^/^W .• he is (lain for Adultery. His ion fofmthe firllfucceedcd, who
llibducd zheFrifons, and profcribed Dort foi rebelling : he died childlefs , tlie Earldom iu-
ving lafted in that line 4 3 7 veers. Frtejland torn with failions. King Edwxrd of England
brniflieth the Jews. The French and Engli{h take each others (liips ar Sea. J.quttatn lei-
Icd on by the Fiench King , bccaufe Edward came not upon his citation. Pal/el docth ho-
mage tor ifcorZ/iW, and aids the French againft the Englifli. Thekin*^ takes divers Ihor.c'
holds in Scotland, with the Regalicies, an d Marble Chair. The Englifh expelled by miliam
Wallace. The Scots and Wallace beaten in the battel of Fawkjrkj The Kino of of JVor-
Tvay claimeth Scotland in right of his daughter deccaled. Baliolvi named king of ^cotLtr.d
by king Edward, Baliol took it lb ill, that he was forced to plead at the bar acrainit A-Iac-
dufs brother , that he fell off from the Englifli to the French. Bal/,>1 is lent co the Tower :
he is rclealed, and goeth into France.
In the Church CeUftine the fifth called before Petrtu de Murcome , fits 5 moncths : he
was an ignorant Eremite. To him fucceeded Boniface the eighth, 8 yecrs. He deluded
Celejiine by the found of a Cane, and made him rcfigne : he perlecuted the family of Co-
lumna, and oppoleth Alberts Election: he cauleth ^<««>e jtoforlake Stctly. whole brother
¥rederick. is cholen by the people in hatred of the French. Eight Synods held this Decad.
The hereticks Patarent and Gaz,areni , about this time appeared, and held that marryed
men could not be favcd. Fratricelli a kindcof Anabaftifts. Boniface lets out the fixth
book ot Decretals. The Chmzhoi Loretta inlaigcd , for reception of Pilprims.
In the EiRyAndronicfts is excommunicated by the Pope.and the K. ofRafcia fet up againft him.
Ottoman keeps his refidencc zil^eapol is, \Nh\c\\ he called Defpotopolis, 20 miles fxo\n-N'ice:he
beats the Chriftian Armies. In the Weft, the Emperour waftes theLandsof theBifliop of
Trtvers. The Helvetians begin to make head againft the Empcroiirs Officers. The Em-
perour is murthered by his brothers fon , for keeping his Patrimony from him. To him fuc-
cceds Henry the feventh. Earl of Luti.enbttrg 4 yeers : he is crowned at A'tillan , and lofcth
many places in /m/;'. Z'^/7<^ of fr<i«ctf excommunicated ; he burns the Popes Bulls. The
French are beaten by the Flemings in the battel at Cowtray. Philip is reconciled to the Pope :
he defeats the Flemings, and makes Peace with them: bebanifheth thejcws out oi France.
The Moors driven from Gibr alter by the Cafttlians. Ferdinand of Cafiile wrongs his
brothers, who lummon him to Chrifts Tribunal within thirty days ; he dieth within that time.
InZ/ww^^jr^jthrcc Kings are chofen by three Faftions- z/*^ Wencejlam of Bohemia (who is
carryed thence into Bohemia , with the Crown of Hungary , by his father Ladiflaas)
Charles and Otho Dukes of Bavaria, to whom IVenceflam refigneth the Crown. Otho is ta-
ken by the Vayvcd of 7V<i»/5"/z'<«»/'<j : heiscurfedby Cardinal (?if»f//«, for detaining the
Crown from Charles. Otho refigneth, and is let fice. In Poland, Wenceflatts King ol Bo-
hemia ischofen; who leaves Bohemian Governours, and returns home. To him fucceeded
Ladijlam 2 p ycers. Dansk befieged by Brandebarg, Ladiflaus zm'^\oyzi\\x.\\tTemo-
tticks to defend it who leile on it to their own ufe. The troubles of X)f»»a4r4,com poled -by
the payment ot loooo marks to the Archbifliop by the king. The Norwayans invade
Denmark^ but are repulfed. The king of Suevia imprifoned by his brethren. iVencell.itis
of Bohemia fcllcth A/ifniato the Marquefs of Brandebftrg : he is killed by a RulTian : in
him ende:h tlic male line. Henry ^mczoi Carimhia claims the kingdom in right of his
wife: they are both driven by the Emperour into Bviz/i^r/i*. Frederick.ihc Emperours fon
ftriving tor that kingdom, is flain. Henry returns, and carrieth thence much wealth into Ca-
rinthia:he is expelled by ^o^w the Emperours fon, who reigned 36 yeers. The Venetians
excommunicated by the Pope, for taking Ferrara-^and all their goods confifcatcd in France.
Z^''^? befieged, and llibmitteth to the Venetians: they aid Charles FU/oir againft the Greek
Emperour. Many of the French fafton kiWcd'm Gaunt and Brugis. Guy oi Glanders
dieth a prifoner in France : his fon Robert (nccctds i 8 yecrs : he hath wars with Holland,
becaufc the Earl neglected to do his homage for Zealand. Peace between Robert zndtht
French. In Holland, William the good ruleth 3 2 yre rs. In£wg-/^«^, thcKingconfirme:h
AlagMa
Tar^ ^< ...... }fl. \
500'
(l/ brief Qbromlogie^
recrs of CMfl.
^-i
i^to-
Jliaznt Charta, relealeth Baliol, and fends the Lord Segrave into Scot/and ; who is beat-
en there : the kincmarcbcth with his Army three hundred miles into i'c<'t/4»^ , without oppo-
fition. The Prince is lent thither with an Army. W^^//^ is taken and executed. The king
in his journey to Scotland, dieth. His fon Edward the lecond fucceedcd 1 9 ycers : lie impr>
(bneth the Bifhop of Chcfier in the cauie of ^avefton. In Scotland, Robert Brnce having
cicaped out of England, kills Cumyn for betraying his plot to king Edward. Robert Reign-
ed tiiere 24 yeers : he is forced into the Woods and Illcs a while : h.c recovers divers CaHles,
In the Church, Boniface yet fits •• he gives away France to the Emperour : he fleedi with his
treafurc to Anagnta, and is taken by the Coluntne , and dicth of grief. To huti fucceedcd
Btnnet the ninth 8 moneths : he was poyfoned. Chment the fiftli lucceeded 8 yeers : he
remove th his feat to ^f«^«/tf«, where it continued 7 2 yeeis: at his Coronation, he loft a
ftone out of his Mytre, worth 6000 Crowns ; tlie French king was hurt, and the Duke of
Br«<«/«{lain; with twelve more. The Pope being recovered of a great ficknels, beftovv-
ech Mentz, on his Phyfuian : he makes Robert , fon of CA^r/if/,king of Sicil); by paying
eight thouiand pound fealty, and the annua! profits of Bene vent. This Decad produced
two Councils; one at /Jowe-.againft the French king; the othai' at Paru , againft Pope Boni-
face. The fiill Jubileis inftitutedby Boniface. The Templars condemned \^ France,
and James their chief Mafter burnt, vvt.ih fifty moi-e of that Order at Pans.
In tlie Eaft, the Tuiks are expelled by the Chriflians out of Thrace. In the Weft , tiie Empe-
rour rageth with fire and Iword in /f<i/;'. He isciownedat 7'jy^jand ^owf. TheBilliopof
Ltege,%\\A two thoulandjflain there : he burns many places, and is poylbned by a Monk in the
Eucharift. Z/fn'« of B.«^'/?''»<«. and frf^fr/r/r of >^«y?r/^, ftrive for the fuccclHon. Lewis
is crowned at Aeon by four Elciilors, and F rcdertck at Bonna by the reft. Three Cantons oF
S\vitz.ers enter into an oftenfive and dcf-cnfive league. The Guelphs in //-^z/^.the Empcrours
enemics,are n.rn, aboi.t a hundred thoufand. The French king in hunting is killed with a fall
from his horle. His fon Lewii the tentii fucceedcd two yeers : he hanged his Treafurer, and
died fuddenly : his brodicr Philip tire fifth fuccecdtth i 2 yeevs. The Saliqne Law iscon-
fiinied^and Lfivw his daughter omitted. The League with •Scof/^W is renewed. The Shep-
herds rebellion in Vrance, In Caflile, Alfhonftu the eleventh is King 40 yeers. The Tcuto-
nicks liibdue Pomeraniii, and take Riga. Ladtjlatu of Poland recovers Cracovia from the
Duke o( O^olium , and takes away the Cities Liberties , for betraying it. Char Us, Ibn to
Charles Martel, is King of Hungary j 2 yeers. Chrifiofher reigns in Denmark, 1 4 yeers.
The King of Sacvia imprifoneth his brothers in a Caftle, where they die. The people rebel :
he fleeth : his Ion Magntu is taken, and he is flain. John the Emperours fon reigns in Bohe-
miA 3 6 yeers : he is made Lieutenant of the Empire : he aideth his father ; and,aftcr his death,
Lewis againft Frederick.- Pr.Pandtilo the Venetian, to pacific the Pope.luftcrs himfelf to be
tied like a dog with a chain under the Popes table. The Gennans war againft the VetKtians
by Sea and Land : they befiege 'P<t<<. Crete rcbcllah ; ibdoth Gaunt. The French and Hof-
iandeis invade Flanders. Upon rcftitution o( Dowajr and fome other places, and a marriage
between Philip's daughter and Robert's grand-childc , peace is concluded. At Mtddlebnrg
a Collcdge iserc^^ed, with a Dean and four Canons, In England, Gavejlon is made Earl of
Cormval'^ is baniflied, and njade General of Ireland : he is recalled , baniftied , rcturneth,
and is made Secretary : the Lords ftrike off his head. The King is overthrov\'n by the Scots
at Bannocktburn. The Earl of Lansafter, chief of the Barons fa«5tion , is reconciled to the
King. Edward Bruce, Kir.j; Robert's brother, is crowned King of Ireland, and flain three
yeet'S after. TItc Scots take .6Vr»v/ci&. and many other places. K\n^ Robert invadeth Eng-
land. Divers put todcath in J're^/'jW, for endeavouring to betray the kingdom to theEng-
lidi. Robert King of Sicily proscribed by the Emperour ; which the Pope makes void.
Frederiekydoce of Trinacry, calls liimielf King oi Sicily. Robert is reconciled to Frede-
rick.: they fal! at oddes again.
In tlie Church : Clement yet fitteth , w^ho wrote the Clententine or (eventh of the Decretals.
Tlie Emperour denicth fealty to the Pope. Succeeded John 2 1 , who fate i S yeers. His
tcncntconccmingdcpofingof Kings, is oppofed by 0j^4w. He beficgcth Genoa, and lets
oiit the extra vagants. This Decad were held (even Synods. The Templers fuppreflcd at
Vienna. Rhodes is beftowcd upon the Knights Holpitallers. The Works of Lulliui are
condemned. Begvetns and Beguards Heteticks, with the Armenian Hereticks, were
buTie about this time. Three Gentlemen of Siena let up the Order of White Monks of
Olivet,
In
of the principal Vafages^Scc,
IntheEalr, ^Hr/roriitw, the Empcroiirs grand-childc, bclkgcth Co7i(lMitino^le; (b tluuthe
Grand-father is forced to give him Ifcrare and Macedonia. Corifrdntineion o[ Androfikitf
fent againft the young Empcrour ; he is taken and imprifoned , they are reconciled :
young Andrviikus joynswith thePf/puf of Bw/grtridaeainrt his Grandfather , and takes
CoH;'?<i«fi«5p/'.'d"'e attempts to relieve A'ice,and is beaten by the Tark5,\vho take A'iceThe
oldEmperoiir ismadeaMonk, and called //wfoHj ; the Turks take Vhiladcl^hiu. Pruid
the Metropolis oiBithynia is taken,and made the feat of the Ottoman-Eiri'p'nt:. To Otto-
man fucccedcth his ton Orchancs 3 1 years: the Chriftians recover Nice with divers Foi ts.
In the Weft, Germany is vexed between the two Eniperours. Ferdinand is taken, and
after three ysars imprifonment, is rcfton?dto Aufiria, but renounceth the Empire.
The Pope and Em: erour quarrel 5 the Billiop ofMagdebuTgs brains are beaten out by
the Citizens. The Empcrour is crowned at Kome, andfeisupan Antipope. Jleynold
Earl of GcWeais made Duke; Juliers rtiade a Marquiiate: The Empcrour belkgeth
MiUan. In France, to Philip fucceedtd his brother C/wr/j Kine of NrtTJ^jr 6 years; be
forced the Flemmings to fubmit; to him fuccecdcd Phdii^ of Valois , brodiers Ton to
Philip the fair, 22 years. In Spain^Arrcgon, Catalonia and Valentia unitd : An,xgon fub-
dueth .S'(7r^i««i. ^i/e/7(i fals otFfrom thcPolaiider to the Bohemians, vvith whom the
Teutonicksiide: 130 towns burnt in MaiTovia by the Litiutnians. ITpon a marriage
between the Kings (bn Cafimire and the Dukes daughter , a peace is made with the L i-
iuaniam : the Maflbvians and Teutonicks defeated by the Poi'acs and Lituanians.
L(tdillaiish<:atnh the Bohemians md PruiJIans. InBenmarl^z great Rebellion , in which
Waldemar Dulte of Slej'wickS% chofen Kin?; but two years a'ter the King is reeftablifli-
ed, aiKl ^/''iWemar gives up his tide of King. He«ry of Anuria is relealed for3ocoo
Crowns. The BofcemzVw rebel), upon the Kings attempting to exchange Bofcf mid ior
Bavaria : he invadeth Poland, and loftth one of his eyes with the moifture of the Li-
litanian aire. At Briinii a great fedition between the people and Mairiftrates : they de-
tain their Earl, a prifoner 6 moneths ; a peace is made,and they rebell again : the Earl
is reftored.and 22000 of the Rebels killed. Holland enjoycth Zelanduyqn a peace widi
Flanders: Many towns drowned in Ho//(i«i with 5000 peopk: A civil War in Sicily.
The Empcrour attempteth Kinsc Eobert in vain. The Spencers m England arebanifli-
cd: the Kin'; wafteth J)«rfc(rfn, Pre/?o« and Lj/2C<t/fer. 'i'he Scots beat the Engllfh: th'.y
renew their league tvith France. The Lords defeated at EHrforobridgc : Lapca^er and
other Lords executed. T\\t Mortimers fent to the Tower. Peace with Scotland 1 3 years.
The Queen and Mortimer procIaimedTraitours ; the Queen landeth, the Spenccs exe-
cuted : theKingrefigneth,andismurthcrcd. Edward^ hisfon fucccc.dt-d 50 years: the
Kingretinns difhonourably from Scotland. Mortimer hanged. Bdiol refigncs Sect-
land; Hamilton she^m.
In the Church, Pope John fitteth yet ; he fides with Robert againft Frederic^ king of .9/-
ci/y; he quarrels with the Empcrour: againfthimis fet upWicfoo/.U5. which makes
the 28 Schifme. The Emperour excommunicated again ; Nicholas is carried into
France, where he giveth up his title. Three Synods held this Decad. The Poore-nicn
of L^wy called Fratricelli condemned by the Pope: the French King maint,aineth the
Clergies temporalities againft the Advocate, and is therefore ftiled (;Catholick).
In the Eaft, the Bulgarians are defeated, and do defeat the Emperour, who fets out a fleet,
and enters into league with the Latine Princes againft the Turk. Thrace is wafted by
the Scythians and Turks ; the Emperour takes 14 of their fhips, and beats them out
oi Acarnaniazndi IFJolia. Mce is taken by Orcixjwj , andfois.<^^}'<^;«' : the Emperour is
wounded in the foot : the Turks are driven from the fiege ot Philadephia : Tke Turks
wafte divers Iflands : They are beaten at feaby ^.!(/ro7iJr*f. In the Weft, the King of
Bohemia takes divers Cities for the Pope, T.arma and Padua taken by the Scaligers , and
other towns of Italy by others : the Pope dares nut abfolve the Emperour , for fear of
thcFrench: HemakcsEifwrtrr/ofE^gtoi^Lieutenant of the Empire; and then difpla-
ceth him : the Emperour appealeth from the Pope to a General Syn'Sd. It was con-
cluded in a Diet of FrriHl^^forf, thatanyBifhop may Crown the Emperour, as well as
the Pope. Kokrf of ^rfo« is defeated of his Earldome by the French King, who pro-
claims him traitour, for follicitingtheKingof E?zg/(i«^ to claim his right in France.
Philip aideth the Scots ; Edward for this, and for fciimg upon AcjititaiiL, proclaims war
againft him : he qiiartcreth the Arras of f r^Hce and Englatul. At the liege of Lifle , the
Enirruhare defeated; and the French at Since. Divers difcontcnted Lords in Sfwi
fide with the Moors againft Cajlik; The Cafiilians de'cat the forces of Arra^ati and Navar.
IV/er of //TdiZowdothhomase to thePope tor Sardinia and Corpca. Wars befwcen Crt-.
^ Rrrr' /«.'«
A brief Qhronokzjc
rears ofChrili.
^O.
154c-
ftik:^m\FoyttKJ.l. ^he7eutmid^-w.\({ePo!onia., aiidatlaftby lin Kii.ii; Lickat.d; Pe„CL'
niadc betwecii [hem; the LifMfl//iflwbLirntIiem(f]ves, wives, cliildren and goods, that
they might not tall into the hands of theTcntonic-ks. Kinj^ Ca'.min: iettlecii die ilic-
celiion of HwiWrv upon Cfo<jr/i, who had married his liftcf. lUijUi tjken by the Liiu.i-
iiiam: Cii/imiie takes Lecpo/«, where he found rvvo crowns, and a piece ot i\\r CKjlf.,
now kept at CriKovu".. In Hungary was a {ireaf pbs;ue ot Locufts ; tht Nobles u\t)i'u-
war^fend to Vdldemar Chrifio^hers lon,beingnow in Germany^io recover the kini'don-e,
which was now in competition. JVenrfjlaus of Boheniia,wlK) in the frcnch Con it was
named Cfc<jriJ,d.'feats theLombards,aiid is nude Marqticflc oi M ji avi.i.Jo'w uf Eohcn i.i
releafethhis title to Poland for 1 0000 Marks .- A Jew puts out his cvc, havinu I. ill ihe
other before. The Venetians joyn with Florence ae;ahirt M'.(ivi Tyrant ot YJva'.I.t.
60 1'everal AmbafTadors arrives at J^enice to reconcile them and Mit^m ; Pcice is iMcii.t-
ed to him, andheismadeaPatritian of Fewce. Lswii of Flaiid'^rs btiy:th M"ich)n ut
the BilTiop of Liei'e, and the Duke of Geldres; the Duke of Brabant dial Itngcih it ; but
they are reconciled by marriages. The FIcmmings defeated by the Eiiglilh : the E:.rle
isagainft theFlemmines league with England: heflicth to Philip o' France : The Ear! ot
Hei/aiiddoth notable jufticeon the Bailiffe of South-Holland , tor forcing a Cow honi
•a poor woman. /Fii'Mm 4, of Holland ruleth ten years , he fpoileth Prw/jd. Thjking
otEnglanddoth homage in France for y^^wMi?!, and returns difcontented •" he aid-jth
Edward Ealiol , becaul'e David King of Scotland retnfed to do homage. In tht battel of
Haly down-hill-, the Englifh are viftorious and recover BaiTr/V/'j, he entreth Scotl.ind,
and returncth with Bd/io/: He enters Scotland again, and ktleth Mio/, who contents
himfcIfwithaPenfion. Theiirft Dukein England, is Prince Fdveard m.:de Duke ut
Cornwall. The King fends to demand his Holds in ^^wfrti/z: helcapueth with the Em-
perour and Dutch; he is made Vicar ot the Empire. Southampton burnt by the
French: they befiege Burdeaux and are all killed. King Robert of Scotland havinfi;
vowed an expedition into Syria , defircd on his eleath-bed, Robert Vouglaife to carry his
heart to y^rw/j/em ; Powg/a^e in his journey thither was llain , inlldingwith Arra^ion
againft the ^'araceHj ■, thatFamily ever lince bear an Heart in their Coat: This Kohert
had won 70 battels. Earl M«rr)iPvegent, during KingDiiw</i minority, was poytbn-
cd by a Monk : The King and Queen are driven into France. Edward Baliol crowned;
Aberden burnt by the Englifli. D.iw^^ faftion growcth to throng tor Balicl. Salisbury
and Arundel forced from thcficgeofDMmfcdr-Caftle. At B/(rcI/>«i7i the Scots are beaten;
Perth and Sterling taken by the Regent. Baliol flicth into England.
Inthe£hurch, theSchifme continueth , till AVcto/jc the Antipole was carried into
France, -where he ret^gneth : the Eononians rtbell againft tht Pope, who dieth and left
behind himatreallire of 170000 F^orens ; to him liiccetded Bennet 12. 7 years;
One Synod held this Decad,at Toledo. Pope John believed that the fouls l]ept till the
Reliuieftion. The Greek Church diflenteth from the Latine. In a Diet at Mmtz ic
was concluded, that the Councel was above the Pope, and that the Emperour held
immediately troni God.
IntheEaft, Nicomenia in Biihynia is taken by the Turks, yo/./j fon to /^w^'wzicm is Empe-
rour4i years; heisasyetundcr thetuition ot_7ofc«C'(r7if(fc««eKW father-in-law te> ^^r-
chanes; the Patriarch excommunioates him ; upon thisthe Patriarch is dcpofed. The
Turks are beaten outof.9m)T«aby the Venetians; they defeat the Venetians with ihofe
of Cyprus & Rhodes. In the Weft, the Pope takes Ferrara^ Mantua & Veyona from the Em-
peror, and denyeth toabfolvehim, till hereiignehis Emj ire to him. Lewif is eiepulld
and dieth. Cfcar/j 4. elefled, hcwas Ton to Jo/j;iKiiigof Bohemia. SomcofthcE]ei>oM
preter the Empire to King Edward ot Eiijiland; he refufeth it : then they chocfe Ferdinmd
Marqiiifs oj^ Mijnia , whom Charls bought out with 10000 M.arks. G«H//j(r alio be-
ing eleftcd by tome, compoundeth with Charls, and is poifontd. In France., John
Montfort lollth Brifii'2^ ; KingEr/nj'dri/.aJUfted him: he is taken and Im^riiuncd. Tiie
Gabal ot Salt now impofcd. At Crejcy the French loft 30000 with the King of Bohemia.,
and II Princes, 80 Barrens, and 1200 Kniahts. G//«eloft,and theFre/ic/j who wohld
haveboughtit, cheated of their money, and flain. The Dedph'uate eif F/t7W:r kild to
the Fn7jffc, on condition that the cldeft fon oi France !hou!d be called the Del. hin.
In the battel of Sakados 4-^0000 Moores fl.une , r;nd but twenty Caftil'U'is Tiic
Alcavale, that is the Tenths of things told , laifed for the mainrainingnftlu Moors
war. /^/p^o^jKiof C(»j?i/eobtainethof the Pope tljp Canaries , conditionally that he
pLuK
of the principal Taffa^es^d^c.
plant Chriflianity there. James of Majorca killed in battcll by the Arragortiarts :
The T^artars and Bohemians driven out of Poland, by Cdfimire : He is excommunicate
for his Concubines, and adultery : he totally fubdueth K«/^d , and names Lewis of
Hungary his heir. To Charls of Hungary fucceedeth his fon LewU 1.41 years 5 he hib-
dueth the Saxons in Tranfilvania : ^Hiirew his brother and King of Naples, fcls his
poffeflions to the King , who aideth the Polander againft Lituania and Bohemia. Zant
fals ofFto Hungary , and is recovered again by Fe«ice: they make peace for 10 years.
Levis to revenge his brothers death, whom his wife ftrangled , marcheth into Italj and
takes the Kingdome of Naples : She flicth to the Pope with her new Husband, who for
reconciling them hath Avignion. In Venrndrl^, Waldemar reignes 35 years ; he leaeueth
•with the Swedes, invadeth "Brandehurg, 3.nd goeth to Jervfalem. Prague in Bohemia is
now freed from Mentz, and made an Archbilhoprick. Kinglohn being Qain at Crefcy.,
his fonCfodr/ifuccecded, whoalfo was Emperour, who built new PwgKe. The Vene-
tian s troubled with an Earthquake,PIague and Famine : they invite ftrangers to come
and inhabite their City. A great faftion at Gauni againfl the French, in Which Artwtld
the chief man of the faftion is flain,and E. Lewis is billed at Crefcy •, tojwhom fucceedtd
Lewis of Male 38 years; he promifed to marry the King ofEwg/a/J^i' daughter, but mar-
ricth the daugliter of Brabant. William of Holland is flain in the battell he fought agaii ift
Vtricht ; his Sifter Margaret fucccedcd 8 years : fhc makes her fon William Governour,
referving loooo crowns yearly 5 but when the Emperour died, (he afTumeth Holland.,
znAheHiovieth Henault on William. Now began there the faftion of Cabillaucks and
Hoecks, which held 150 years; the Cabillaucks call in William againft his Muthtr.
"iourney befiegedby KingEf/war^, and truce granted for one year: He quarrels with
the Pope, for denying him the making of a Cardinal. The order of the Garter inftitu-
ted; andtheRound-TabIeat^«(//orerefted. Divers ofKingE^wdr^^frltnds put to
death in FrrtBce. HetakethCde« inNormandyy ^fllt)^ loooo Englifh he defeats 60000
French. King David of Scotland takenhy Copland, who is rewarded with 500I. and
made a Banoret. The Englilh quite driven out of Scotland. King David and his
Qnecn return. Great emulation between Douglafe and Ramfey : David upon the
French fcore invadis E«g/.w<2 thrice , and wafteth all as far as Durham: he is defeated
and taken ; Percy and Baliol Tpoil Lothian. Robert of Sicily being dead , Andrew the
^ing'ofHK«gar/sfon, whomhe had adopted, I'ucceedsin Apulia, for which he paid
a great fiimme to the Pope : he is ftrangled by his wife, who married with Lewis Prince
dftarentium.
In the Church, Bemet fits yet, he confirmed Verona to Scaliger, Mantuo to Gonzaga, and
Ferrara to Efle. Clement 6. fucceeded lo years : he reduced the Jubile to !;o years;
he makes fomc of the Elcftors choofe a new Emperour. Nichoh» a Tribune of
Kome afpireth , and is confined to Avignion. This Decad had but one Synod, at To-
ledo. Ont Picardz Walloon began the Herclie of the Adamites. Popifti Prov'fions
put down in England. The Pope fupprefleth the Whippcrs. Many Jews executed
for poyfoning the waters.
IhtfieEaft, P^jfeo/ogwhelpeth the Venetians, znACantacuz.: the Genuans. Loshos is given
to Catelujius forhisfervicc againft the Greeks, after almoft 100 years poflelHon by his
pofterity , it was loft to the Turks. Cantacuz: made a Monk, and his fon fuppreflZd.
Solyman (on to Orchanes breaks into tiurope 5 and takes divers Caftlcs with Calli-
polis the chief City of Cherfotiefis : as he was Hawking he is drowned in a Ditch;
Whereupon Orchanes dieth with grief. To him fucceeded Amurath the firft, his
fon, 30 years. The Janifaries now begin. In the Weft , Cleve for want of
Heirs-male , fals to the Empire. Wencejlaus fouleth the Font, when hewasChri-
ftentd. The Pifans puniftied for carrying the Emprefle and her daughter into the
Stews. The Emperour is crowned at Millan and Rome : he publilli.'th the Golden
Bull, and annexeth Branie^wrg to Bofcwjw. Jx/ierj made a Dutchy; he helps the Pope a-
gainft Millan, and hath wars with Philip ofAufiria,who put him to flighcjby corrupting
fomeabout Charls. To Philip of Francefacceeded Johnhhfon i^ycms: C/j.ir/i grand-
child t6 the King of Caftile^itid Conftajsle of Fra7jce,is killed by the K. oiNavar. Charls
' ' '■ Rrrr 2 of
YearjofChif}'
[350
A brief Qhronolo^ie
iTcaiSofChnfi.
i$6c.
oiNitv.tr iinpi-ifoncd for favouring the Englifli; who beat the French at Poydkrs. Chads
bcin«re]caled,maktsnt\v troubles. The Provolt of Par« nninhered. The Kingaiid
his (on tranfported into England. France Ipoiled by King Edward. Upon a PeaccjKing
John is releafed to «ct money. The Jews are again admitted. He return s into Engtandy^
and dies. Peter King of Portugal ban ifteth Lawyers out of hi^ Kingdom. Peter King of
CaflileDuts hisbrothcr with many Nobles todeadi The murthereth two more bro-'
ihers, andpoyfoncth his \vifc. Lew; of Hungary makes peace with Padua Mid An-
jiria;\it Inyadeth Valmatia, and takes divers Towns ; he reftores Tamfmm and ijiriihthe
Ruiiians rcbell again ft Po/(J«i. Cafimire is abfolved, and buildefh many Churches. Pruffia
is fpoiltd by the Lituanians. Hungary difclaimeth all tribute from Vobtiia : The King of
I>cMW(Zi\ imprifoneth his Q^ecn upon fufpition of Adultery 5 he afterward begoc
Mjrgrtref of her, who became Qyecn of 3 Kingdoms. E.rkus rtbclledugainft his Fa-
ther the King of Sweden. Ijlria fpoiledby the Prince of Croatia^ who makes rtftitu-
tion. The Venetians beaten by the Germans at Be/^fcor«r. The Germans are deteatedj
and put themfel vcs under the proteftion of Millan: At laft a peace is made. The Vene-
tians make a dilhonourable peace with Lewis of Hungary. Lewis of Fknders fubdueth
Brahaitt:, he rtftorts all again except ^HfB>ei-(», which he retains for his wifes Dowry.
Williatn'siorcQS in Holland are defeated by his mother the Emprefs, who was at laft
defeated by hinijand is contented ivith Henault, and !€aveth//o//ii«</withhim,who in-
vaded Vtricht, and fell mad : His wife is chofen Regent by the Cabil!aucks,and his bro-
ther Albert by the Hoec!'^, who befieged Velf and took it. The Spanirti Fleet at /F/n-
chelfey defeated by thcEnglilh. Sir JFaltcr Bently beats thcFrench in Eritain. Groats firft
coyntd. The King wafteth France, and removes the Staple ot VVooU out of Flanders
into England. The battel of Pq>d7jerj,wherc thcFrench King with many Lords,Knights
and Efquircsare taken andflain. The Frenchaid the Scots; they take BarTPici^anddif-
manilcit, they burn Norfb^fm. King David ranfomed for looooo. marks. Peace for
14 years: The King cuts off Robert Stuarts Cuca^dion to the crown, and appoints ^-
lexanderoi ^'«/ber/(iM J his younger filters fon for his fiiccellbr, upon whofe death Ro-
bert is reconciled to the King and to his hopes. The Pope m Acs Lewis oi Tareniutn
King of Sicily, agaiuft the King of Hungary.
In the Church, C/emenf keepeth the 2. jubile: To him fuccecd? 7«?Joc<.7«6. 9 years,
new troubles in Kome. Nichoiif is feut home and reft. > red to his Tribunal, and is
lla i n by the Co/HfflHi. ThtPoptsLegat isl'ent to Teome, who recovers all in 5. years
that was kill from the Church. OncCouncel held this Dccad, at To/ea'o again. The
Pope ftiivts with CantacHz, to unite the Greek and Latine Churches.
In the Eft, the Turks take many places, and make Paleologus tributary, who craveth
help .'gaiiift them from the Pope and Qiieen of Sicily. The Turks tranfport 60000.
into E«ropeby the help of the Gcnuans. Amurath makes his feat at Adriano^le, he cir-
cunicifethhisfons. In the Weft, The Imperial Cities league againft the Princes. In
France., Charles^- reigneth 16 years. Mom fort kilsCfcrtr/ejof Bloys, and recovcreth Bri-
tain. KincCftar/cf makes his guard of 100. Scots Archei-s : He gives the Kingdom of
y^r/ej to Lew^ Duke of Anion. Peter oi Caflile treachtroufly killed the Moorifh King.
Wcir bctv\cenC(//fi/eand/lrr<i/;wj. Pefer is driven out of Cafiilehy the French; hefly-
f th to Prince ErfrrdrJ, and is rtftored, and abjureth his Religion. He is at laft taken ancl
beheaded. The Polander fubdueth theRulfian. I^ofna and B«/^flr;"a reduced to the ob:-
dience of Hungary. About this time the Hanfe-Towns beingyj. begin to fctup. Ham-
burg Cnbmits to the Duke of Holfl. Magnus of Sucvia taken, and impriibncel. Venice
forceththePaduans to buy ihcir peace for 15 years. The Earldom of Bwffj^H^ falls to
/V/aijaiff mother ot Lew^ by the death of Philij>. The Duke of Eurgtmdy manicth the
Earls dauijhter. King EuWdri of EHg/d«i affrighted with thunder, makes peace with
France. Kins John is rtleal'ed for gooooo crowns. The King being 50 years old, keep-
cth a ji.ble : he curiKth all the Records out of French into Lati^ie or Ejuglifh. The
SraulcatCi!/ice. King John came to England to relcafe his hoftaecs, and dieth at the .^<i-
voy. Piince Edvra d ill rewarded for his aide, by Pfferof Cajlile. The HighUndfrs.Jn
StW(W(/arepermitt^dby the King to dtftroy each other. . -^/r.
In the Church, Vrban -^ . fate 8 years. The Vifcount of Millan begs' pea«;c'qf the Pope s
Leeat. The Pope comes to Rome, and fends for the Einptrcuc to rupprefs the CiM-
li'is
of the principal Tajfa^es , Sec.
lins. Tliis Decad atfuideth no Cov\\\Cf:\. John Columhitusht^in^ at Scni the order i'
of Tcfuites. Y'aleulogM liibniictcth to the Roman C!iiirch,on promife ol: help i^AwR
thcTTurks. St. Bridgets Order Confirmed by the Pope.
In the Eaftj Valeologus being cxpelled.by Andrdiikof his fon, is reftorcd by the Veii'etians :
he taketh "Tenedoskom theGeniians, aiid gives it to theVenetians. At the Marriage
feaftof Bffa^iff, a Nobleman fent ico. Boyes, andlbniany Virgins in rich apparel,
■with two Cups in each hand, the one filled with jewels, the other with gold : the Def-
potof5eTO(t loftth ZVi/7a to thcTiirli, and becomes his Tributary, ///a^i/; the Turks
Ion in law rtbelleth,and forced to ftie for peace. The Servians fall from Amurath, and
joyn with the king oi Bojha. 20000 Turks killed in Ec»/«a by the Chriftians. In the
Weft, theEmperour promifttli more to the Eleftors to choofe his fon C^/ar, then
he was able to pay. War between Saxony and Brwn/wifi'^, foV theDutchyof Luneburg,
To Cfcar/eifuccetdcd his ill-conditioned fon/'FencejjfJW 22 years. Charles of Navar in-
diftedforattcmptingtokiil the French King': he forfciteth his tftate, and is recon-
ciled to the King. AWar/eldeflfon imprjfunedj and his Officers executed for intelli-
gence with the Englifh. The French invade the Ifleof Wight: Mont^elier rebellcth,
and is reduced. The King leaveth the Government to his 3 brothers, and dieth rich.
His fon C/ja'7i 6. fuccetdcd 42 years. The Kings of Aragon, Fez and Granado league
againftC(j/J//e,which makes peace with P^rtHga/. The Duke of Latmfter claimah Ca-
fiik in right of his wife. Henry of Caftile poyfoned by a Monk. Ciftmire of Polandhc-
ingdead, Lew'j King of H««gdrj fuccccdeth , Cayfmir's fillers fon, 1 5 years : hereturn-
tth to Hungary, AndUa\tsh\sn-iQthti- Keshan of Folonia: the Hungarians kill the Go-
vernourot Cfaccvia, for which 1 00 Hungarians are killed by the U^olacks. King Lcjrii
perfwadts the Poldcl'^ to admit one of Wis daughters to the fuccefsion, which they do
aflcnt to, conditionally tlvey miaht be caftd of their Taxes. He fubdutth the Vala-
chians, and adoptcth hi's daughters husband. Magnus oi i'i.'m(r is relcafed for 12000.
Marks. fP'enceJIaus of Bohemia drowneth his wifesConfefforjfor not revealing her con-
fuTion. The Venetians and Genuans at War for 7'enedcs; They are reconciled by the
Dukeof5<Ji;q}'. In Flariders, 17 Towns are drowned, and 5000 hoiifes burnt in Gaunt.
The French and FlemmiBgs quarrel, for receiving JohnDuke of Britain. The Earls
iieavy Taxes caufeacivil War in //d/iierif. Wars between Hoi7aM.y and Vtricht. Limoges
taken by the Englifh. Rochcl belieged by the French ; Peace between England and
FwHce. The Englifh defeated in Grtivj/p^y. The French \oCe Aqttitain. Richard 2. reigns
in England 22 ycars.The French burn Kje, and the Scots Roxburg.Bdrwickjiakcn and loft
by the Scots in '9 dayts.In Seotland^Kobert Smart is king 20 years;hc rcnewtth the League
with France.
Tp theChurch,{ateGrf'gory ii.yycars. The Florentines quarrcll with the- Popes Le-
gats, ar.d deny corne to Rome. They afsift the Bonmians and Pij'ans agaiiift the Pope,
who curftth, and then abfolveth thtni : He removes from Avignon to Rome. To him
Succeeded t/rWz 6. 1 1 years^: againft him Clement rj. is chofen by the French Car-
dinals, which makes the 29 Schifme, which continued 50 years : Vrbm fits at Rome.^
Ckn.ent at Avignon: Vrban drowned feven Cardinals of C/emeH?,beingbound in facks.
S.iTiJffoeriHej Nuns founded by Katherine of Sena. The Cynique-hcretiques, called
Turelufini,vjeiM naked,and were given to the flcfh- lyicklifs Doftrine condemned at
i)xford. England, Hungary^ and Germany declare for Pope Vrban ; France, Scotland,
Arragcn, and Sicily for Clement.
IntheEsft, ^«</)Cinic«f is fetled in the Empire by Bajazet, for which he fweareth fealty
totheTurk, and imprifoneih his father; who efcapeth,. and canfeth theTurk to fee
up his Ton Manuel, who reigned 50 years. Andronicui flicih into Afia, and Ihelters
himlcle in the Turks Court. The Turks fubdue and deftroy. the Chriftiansin Bojha,
Croatia, and the adjacent places. Jamerl'an makes an expedition into Babylon, jmd
Sulttm Adunel flicth to Alcayre. One of Amurath''s fonnes lofeth his eyes, for
plotting againft his father. Lazarus Defpot of Servia , with five hulidred ihou-
land Chriftians, llainc in the Plains of Cajfovia. One Cobelets a Chriftian, kills
AvM-ath, as hce was viewing the dead. To him fucceeds his fonne Ba]azet ,
11 yearts : He frangkd his brother 7<3!r«f> , to pre\ent competition; fo this
ftrangling of the Sultans brethren grew cuftomary. In the W^, Civil war res
>ii-i ofclhifi-
1370
V
A brief Chronolope
in Geymatiy among the Princes. The Duke of Aujiria killed by the Switzers in battel 3
after nuich bloodllied,a peace there is concluded. In France^ Charles 6. reign. d 42 years;
he contents himielf with the three F/oTpe«-<^e-fcce for his Armes. The Pariiians and
Rohaners are punifhed for mutinying. The French invade England. Lewif of Anjou
removed from his Regency, the Dukes of Burgundy ^nd Berry put in his place. The
Englifh take 100 French and Fleniiftfhips. The King alTumeth the Government. His
Brother made Duke ot Orleans : Great faftion between the Conftable and Duke of
Britain, The Englifh help Fortugal againfl; Cfl^i/e. The King of C(T/}i/e expelled by Jo/)«
bafe Ton to Pefer. TViiwraitempteth to poyfon the Dukfes oi Burgundy and Berry-, He
groweth leprous. John^ Peteabafefonchofen King of Portngal. The Duke of Lan-
cafter marrieth in S^ain, one daughter to the Infant of Caftile, tlK other to the King of
Portugal. InFo/d?2</, theBifhopof Cracot/id falls dovin dead, as he was going to de-
flowre a Country-maid. King Lewif dicth, and He</wig/i the Queens daughter is cho-
fen. Jagello Duke of Lituania chriftened in Poland, and named Ladijlaus •■, by marrying
Hedwigis, he unites Lituania to Poland, and converts the Lituanians in Hungary. King Lewit
being dead, his daughter Mar)i fuccetdeth 10 years. Charles Kin^ Andrews (on ot Sicily
is received King by fome, and is murthered by the Queens mother , who is droWned
by the Governour of Croatia, and Mary imprifoned. Sigijinund, Charls the fourths
fon marrieth MJr>',is crowned, and perfecuteth the Governour of Croatia ; upon this
the Lords rebell, and fome of them arc executed by 5iffi/fn«n</. He fubdueth £q/rw and
Valmatia. Truce between I)e/m.(j)i<^ and Sweden. Margaret reigns alone 24 years: flie
hath War with Albert oi Suevia, and takes him, with his fon prifoners, and fo flie
becomes Queen of cll the three Kingdoms. The Venetians tak Veronazx\d Padua,znd
recover Irtvijo. The League with other States againft Galeas Vifcount of Mitlan.
The Earl of Flanders forced by his people to hide himftlf: He expels the Eng;lilh
for fiding with Gaunt againft him : they talte Vam and Greveling. John the French
Kings fon ftabs the Earl, quarrelling for Bononia : to him fucceedcd his dlughter
Margaret. The French recover Dam. TheEngli(h beat the Flemniingsat Sea, andtake
many of their Ships. John the Earl of Hollands fon is made Biftiop of Liege at 16
years old. The Earl of Northumberland Is fcnt againft the Scots, and recalled.
Jari^ Straw rebclleth, and is (lain. Barwick^ recovered from the Scots. The Duke
of Lancajier having made peace in France, goeth againft Scotland, but doeth no-
thing: he is reconciled to the King : the Duke claimcth Co/Ji/e. F/We«put them-
felves under the Kings proteftion. The firft Marquis in England, was Robert de
Vere the Kings Minion , made Marquis of Ireland. Many Ships taken by Arundel
and Nottingham : The Lords quarrell with the King about his favourites : the
Chief- Jufticc a,nd others executed. Peace with France 2nd 'Scotland for three years :
IFdrveick^ and Glocefter are difplaced. Edinburgh burned by King Richard : The
Scots invade England, and do much hurt in Ireland, and in the Ifle of Man. Cotk^r-
mouth taken by the Scots and French. The battell of Otterburn between Bought
and Piercy : Robert Earl of Fife the Kings younger fon made Regent ; his bro-
ther Alexander burned the Church of Murray , for which tie was imprifoned. Jone
of Sicily isftrangled, andherfifter Mary beheaded by Charles of Vyrrachium. LewU of
Anjou poyfoned, whole fon Lewis is made King of Nap/w by the Pope.
In the Church, Boniface the 9. fits 14 years. This Decad produced one Synod.
The Order of Stl Feter of Pifa founded by a Pifan. The Archbiftiopof Magde-
burg, dancing all night with a woman, both fell down and broke theirnecks. The
feaftof ourLadies conception inftituted. The Dominicans free the Virgin Mary
from Original lin, and are oppofed by the Pariiians. .^^HHdta or Firft-fruits granted
againft the Tuiks.
IntheEaft, Conffantinopleis befieged 8 years by Bajazet. M<»M«e/ goeth into iffl/> for aide
1 3 ^o • I againft the Turk. Philadelphia taken by the Turk, with other places: Caria lubmitteth,
Si^i\mund in Hungary beaten by the Turks, and fo arc the Latine Princes who came to
raife the fiege from Conflantinofle. Bajazet hangeth the King oiCaramania, and fubducth
his Country. He is defeated at Mount Stella by '/amer/anjfettercd with gold,and incaged.
His fon S'o/yman is kinged at ^</n(JHop/e, Bdjozet beateth out his own brains, civil Wars
ahicnghis fons 15 years : Jamerlan rtftores to the Chriftians the Countries taken by
Bajazet
of the principal ^afages^ 5cc.
Fa'czit. In tir. Wtft, the Javs are expelled Germa/y, and peace concluded there : the
En p(f(Hir is ini[>riioned, andelca;eth. ThcBifhopof M'tC'/fi'M'j*-, and Saxony quar-
rel I. j'f/:?i('"^/e(fj oi i'l'/z/jw made Duke tor looooo crowns, .'•(rooy niadeaDiuchie. The
Flti^i.'isd 'pi'ie irenceJIauS) andthoofe Fvederid'^ Dakcof Brunff0k\^ v\ho is lliin by
thcEilliopof WeHt 2. procurement, and iloterf Pal (grave focceeds jo years. In Frtf:;ct'
the Duke of Bntuin invades the Conft.,blespofletIjons : the King marchi'ii; as;ainft
hini, tails mad. Buramidy made chiet Regent^ he banifhcth the Conftable : the Kiny;
rccoveicth,nnd relapleth at aMafque : The R.egenc incenfeth the Qnceu at^ainft the
Diikeoi OrlPtvis^AiiU heainitdat the Kingsdeath andhischi drens.The French rt-
■<liice the AMffKcw to the obedience ot the Dutchcfs, the Kings brothers wife. John of
0/?:/ekilkd by a tall from hishorfe, to whom fucceeded I-fenry-^Aus Ton 17 years.The
Ribels of KujiU fubdiied by the Toldnder. The King of Volmd LadiftMs, daimcth f/M«-
garjjbncis opporcd : his brother Fitondus made great Duke of Litiiania ; he invadah
.■'cythia and is overtlirown by Jamerlan. Sigifmund.of Hungary makes peace with the Pu-
lander for 16 years : he puts t© death 32 Lords. Margaret of De/imrtrt^ makes a League
with the Prince of Rujliit, and with the Earl oi'Holfi, and Duke of Sclefirick,. Stockholm
ftands out againft the Queens decree, ic is beliegtd. y4!bert promifeth to deliver iting
years, in performance whereof, Lnhec, Daw/;, and fome other Hance-towns are pled-
ged. Sfoci;/-o/mfurrcndred. Coppir-Mincs adjudged to the Crown. Ericus, Margarets
iifters Ton, is aflociatcd ; he recovereth Gothland^ pay'"g to the T€utoni':ks 9000
Nobles. If-'eixcftaiis of ^oherria efcapeth 3 rimes out of prifon : He knighted the
Filherma ^ hathflpedhim. The Earl of Hoi/a^zi reconciled to the Lords, whom he
Julpcft d tohaveflainhis Steward and Concubint: His fon is dilgraced at Table in
the Fre«f/p Court, bccaufe7Fi///(im the fecond's body was not recovered from the Fri-
jons; vvhereup^ n the Fiiyo/w are beaten , and the body brought thence to Valenciens,
and thue buried. Martin King of AragOH Ictleth Sicily on his fon. In England^ the
King quarrels with London, tor not lending him 1000 L The Irifh rebell, and are
beaten : J^drwiti^baniflied, and Arundel beheaded-, Glocefler Jiiiothercd at Calif by
Moubrtty; Herefordund Mouh'ay banifhed. Mwtimer next heir to the Crown flain by
thelrilh; the King to be revenged goeth thither : Ar his return he is taken, andre-
ligneth to the Duke of Hereford. In Scotland, Robert 3. reigns 17 years. Great troubles
railed by Pi/ncanEarl oiEuchm, 600 Highlanders decide their quarrel before the King.
The Earl of March falUth off to ttie Englifti, and with Hot^ur waftcs the borders.
l/'art-Caftle taken by the Scots.
In the Church, to Clement the Anilpopie fucceedeth Bennet 13. Boniface, npon the in-
ti caty ofthe Princes, is willing to rclign, but Bennet denicth : He is Imprifoned at
Jvignonhy the French king, and efcapes. One Synod held this Decad at Wefiminfler,
where Appeals to Kome are inhibited, and Firft-fruits oppofed. Becaufe Chrift be-
gan to preach at thirty years, therefore the Jubilee is reduced to thirty years. John
Hus appeareth ; divers ot his Difciples burnt at Aufpurg. The Order of White-coats
'in 7w/)' now began; thi y profeflTed extraordinary fanftimony. Greek being forgot
in Italy 700 years, is brought thither again by Chryjolorus.
In the Eaft, Ifa being expelled by his brother Mahomet from Trufa, flieth to Confiantinople.
Solyman makes his brother Ifa Generall againft Mahomet, who ruleth at Amafia, and
kills Car^fiiH/ei whom Jamerlan had placed there. Mahomet received as King by Prufa,
Ni':e, And Nicafolif ; He refufed to marry Tamerlans daughter; He expels his brother
J/rt into GtrmiWM, where he died obfcurely. Solyman takes Trnfa, aeainftwhom Mufa
another brother is inii loycd by Mahomet ; who having married the Prince oiValccchia's
dauahter, is received King at Adriano^le in Solyman's abftnce : But the Greek Emperor
helpeth .Vo/;.toj«, and expels Mufa, who fuddenly affaulting Solyman in his riot,ftrangles
him and polLcfleth hiskingdome, and beficgeth the Greek Emperor in ConHantinspk
tor aidiTig Solyman. In the Ifthmns of Peloponnefus, a Wall is built neer to Corinth againft
jncurlicns. In the Weft, Pra^'we is befieged, becaufe ^Fe/jce/Zaw will not releafe the Im-
perial Cities from their Oath madrtohim. £r/or/ wafted. A fcdition in MtHfz. In
Fnr/.re, the Regent dicth, and Orleance is made Regent. Nemours is beftowed on the
Kintj ofA'dwrby the French King. The Duke of Burgundy oppofeth the Recent in his
Taxes. The Duke raifeth an Army , and is in fticw made friends with the Rege;nt ;
who
'/'•ars iifclhtl!.
W
— -1400
A brief Chromlogie
rears efcktfl. ^^ho crolllth the Dukes intent in belrcgi n g CtfZ/ce ; He murt tiers the R.cgcnt, flieth into
Flcmders., and returns with an Army, jiiftifieth Iiis taft, isablblvid, ai;d reconciled to
the fons oWrkans -, his daughter is married to the Dolphin. The "tmonids are called
into Toknd by the Kings brother, who rebelleth , but is beaten by I'itmdus. Ladiflaus
kills ^ocoo.TentonicKS in Lff«a«i(i,arid takes the Maftcr,with many prironers.Lii(ii/7</)a
fon to Andrew is lent for by the Hungarian Lords. Si'^ijmund flieth into Morav'u^mJi by
the Bohemian help recovers Hungary. Ladiflaus returne.h into Italy. Sttven the Vaivod
executed for rebellion, and intelligence with the Turks, who defeat Sm\mund. He quar-
rels with the Venetians. Gothland is redeemed from the Teutonicks ; die Danes defeated
in Frifia. The Holfatians pawned Fknshurg and Nerfs to the King of Denmdrh. The
Genuans beaten at fea by the Veneiians, who protect the Vicenzans. EfcaUa of Verona
yoyi'onedhy Novello y who kills his fons,and takes the City. NoueZ/o cuts off the cares
and nofesofthe Venetian Ambaffadors ; but he being taken and his three children,
■with Feromt and F(Tif«(t, are all ftrangled at Venke. They buy Zmd from Ladiflaus for
I ooooo Crowns. John Eifhop of Liege is expelled for refuling to take Orders 5 he is
aided by the Duke of Burgundy^ who burned the City and flew 36000. Poiw helps the
Liegeois, who makes his fon Bifliop ; both are killed by Johns friends, with 40000
people; theBifbop isrcftored, and the City fined at iooooo Crowns. In Englandj
Henry 4. reigneth 1 5 years. Exeter, Surry, and Aumarle executed for ftriving to rcftore
Kkhard,vj\\o h ftarved ntPomfret, The Queen returns into France. At Hallydcmi-hill
the Scots are beaten-, the Englifh defeated in fFales. A Battel at Shrewsbury hetwctn
the King and fomc Lords. A rebellion raifed by Mowbray and the Archbilhop of Torf;.
i)arw/"cJ<^and other Caftles taken by the King. The Earl of Northumberland flecth into
IFales. Glendower fpoileth the Marches; he is aided by the French with 140 fail.
ThePrince inva ieth Scotland. Northumberland and the Lord Bdrrfo/f overcome and flain.
A falfe K/ffo(jrJ entertained in Scotland. IFark-Cz^U taken by the Scots. Prince Drtii/^
ftarved by the Diikc of Albany the Kings brother. PoMg/dJc kills many at S^rewjkij.
Prince James going into France, is taken by the Ei>glifh ; his father at the news thereof
dieth with grief, kobert Duke of Albany R-egcnt. The Scots enter E«g/dfji. The Earl
viMitrch is reconciled to the Regent.
IntheChurch, Bwiifrtcep. yetfitteth. Boncnia with fome other places recovered from
Galejs by the Pope. To him (iicceeded Innocent 4. 2 years : He removeth into Vher-
hiim, upon a fedition railed by Ladijlaus of Skily againft him. Gregory i z.fiKceedeth:
He fwears to refign for the peace ot the Church : He forbids all union Ixtween his
Cardinals and thofeofFivrwe. A Pafquilfetup in Rome againft him : The Devil
difcharging him of his oath, his forces beat Ladiflaus out ofjRome. Lew// Duke of
/^«/«/,confirmed King ofNa^les.i Synods in this Dccad; one at Aquileia^the other at
Fila, where Gregory and Bewwt are depoied, and y^/e:«a«(/er 5. chofen. The Order of
the White-coats is condemned. A Church at Luca built to the Crucifix.
1410-
il
n the Eaft, Mufa is taken and ftrangled by Mahomet, who reigns 8 years. O^chanes, Soly-
fWrt/u fon, is taken, and his eyes are put out. Curmania fubdued, and the Varachian
Princes made Tributaries. In the Weft, ^ici/WKM^ King of Hungary, fon to Charles^,
reigneth Emperor 26 years : He meets the Pope in Italy about appointing theCouncel
o{Cc7ifldnce ; Helabourcth with France and England for a peace. Cleve made aDuke-
donTc. Sigifmund, after his Brothers death, obtaineth Bohemia. Zifia rebelleth, and
becomes Captain of the HH;/(f«. In Fr^rnce, theDiikcof Ct'rry with the fons of Orleans
make afaftion againft the Duke of Burgundy, whom the Dolphin alfo oppofeth. Bur-
gundy plots the death of Berry, Burbon, and OrleaKS. The Dolphin is Regent, and Bur-
gundy proclaimed Traitor •, he makes his peace. ^gi«coj(rt-Battel. Burgimdy Icagueth
with Emiknd. The Dolphin dieth, and the QueeH is Regent. Normandy invaded by
theEiigJifh; The Queen confined to To«n; EHrgw?2(/v doth all ; The Conftable, Chan-
<!cl]or,"aiid 1600 minthered. The Englifh get the Iflcof Frarice and Normandy. The
Dolphin murthercth the Burgundian. In S^ain, 15000 Moors arc flain: Arragon
united to Sicily. -Ferdinand Terez King of Sevil, buyes the Canaries from the King thereof.
L-d^fliiiS of Poland fubdiicth much ofPrufia,ind defeateth theTeutonicks,and brings 5 1
of tluir Coloiu s into Cracovia.Sigifmwid piwneth Sefuftum to Ladiflaitf; He grants peace
to the'Ttutonicks for 2 years. Upon the Popes requeft, Pip/M theFiorentise takes many
places from the Venetians for Sigijhnmd'- of Hungary : but being cojruptcd by Venetian
gold, is hy Sigi I mmd choked \rith molten goM. 5 years peace between Flungary and
Venice. The Danes are defeated i« Frijia. M(i%aret ofDetWim\d\et.h, and Erkus reigneth
aloDC
of the principal ^afages^d^c.
alone 25 years: wars between him and the Dukes of Helflzbovn the Dtitchy of Sdef-
■fvicl^. IFickfifs books an hiixnt in Prague, -which made a (edition . Moraviah unictdto
Bohemia : 7 Senators at Prrt^,«ecaft out at the windows. ^Jgi/rw//«ii the Empcruur, upon
his brothers death, reigneth in BoAewiM 20 years. 40000 rebel w'nh Zifca. TiicVtnc-
tians recover divers placts taken by Pifus : A part ot St. M'riy Church the P.dace
burnt-, a Decree made againftthebuiJdins; of a new Palace. The Duke rvverfcth the
Decreeof paying 1000 Ducats : the Turks claim /o«m trom them ; The/ take Lrtm-)-
facum. In F Ian kn, Philip the Good rules 4+ years; helideth with the Eiiglifh. The
Frifons revolt horn Hdland : the Earl dycth, being bitten by a mad dog. Jaquelm
his daughter liicceeds 1 8 years. The Bifliop of Lrcfe rcfigneth his Bifli.oprickj afid ob-
tains of the Emperour the Earldom of Hollattd, being efcheated tor want of hcirs-
male. In Emland, Henry the 5. reigned 9 years, he banifteth the French : fornc French
executed for Treafon. At Jgincourt loooo French flain, and as many taken by the Eiig-
lifh. The Emperour Cometh into England; he with Burgundy fide with theEnglifli:
Harflii* beikgcd, aiwi relieved : theEnglifli take Caen, and other places. The Grnu-
ans, French and Scots defeated: Qacen Jnan fufpeftedof Sorcery, and comni t <d.
Peace with fr<r«fe and Burgundy. Donald of the Ifles, recovers his E-nldomof ioffe :
Wars between him and the Earl of Mar. Barwici^and Roxburg befiegid by Albany
and Douglas,
IntheChurch, ^ms. Alexander 1,. 11 moncths, tlienyofe«22. He r^emovetli to Ar'mmum.
Grfgory ftaytth at Kome, and Be«etgoeth out of France into Aragon. John goeth to
the Gouncel at Co«JJ<Jwe, he with Benet are deposed. Gregor^y refigneth, and is made
chief Cardinal. John in adifguifcis taken and imprifoned. Martin^, is chofen 7
years, and fo this Sehifmendeth. The Pope goeth fromCo«/F(jHfeagainft the will of
the Emperor, and fo theCouncel endeth. The Pope lofeth ibme Towns. In this
Dccad washcldtheCouncel of Conjiance, where were 4 Patriarchs, 29Cardinals,
546Bifhops, 564 Abbots and Doftors,befides multitudes of fccular Princes. In this
Councel were found of the Benediftines 15 107 houfes in Ewrope. Hw/f is firft Ex-
cotnmunicated ; his books, and then himfelf, burnt. ^Fic^ij^ Doftrinc is condem-
ned, and his books-burnt. Jerome of Prrtgwe is alfo burnt : their allies caftinto the
river .Sir John Oldcaftle hanged and burnt for Religion. Ge^yow perfecuted by the Pope,
for fpeaking againft the Roman Church. Zi/cflV followers are called Thaborites.
In the Eaft, John 7. fon to Andronicus, reigned 5 year?j then John 8. 20 years. To Mahomet
the Turk fucceeded^fWHrirffo 2. his fon 38 ycars.The falfe Mufta^ha let up by the Greeks
isftrangled. Cow/Jd«fJ«of»/eisbefieged: M«i?a{>fc<J the Sultans brother taketh AJ/ee, and is
ftrangkd. Servia, and much of Natalia fubduedbythe Turk: .?m)T?ji annexed to the
Turks Empire, the Prince and his fon being taken. The Turks take ThtUalonicafrom
the Venetians, and rubdue^fo/w,whilcft three Princes flrivefor it. In the Weft, Zifca
}s beaten by the Imperialifts, and lofeth his onely eye; He overthroweth the lniperi.i-
lifts. Frederick^ Marquis of Mi/n«,made Duke of Saxony and Eleftor, for money. Zifca
dieth of the Plague, and orders a Drum to be ni de of his skin. The Eleftor is defeated
. bytheHuffites, andflyeth : they burn Aldenburg. In France, the Dolphin is cited for
murthcringBMr£W«4'}3nd fornon-appcaranceisdif-inherited. The King dycth, and
hisfonCfo(ir/M7.reigneth 38 years. TheEnglifli are beaten by the Baftard of Orleans:
they take Pontarfon, and the French Tournay. The battel ofHurrings. Alphonfus of Arra-
gon tirft adopted by Joan of Naples, and then LewVof Anjou. Arragon and Ntvar ioyn
againft CajUle. Vitondiu accepteth Bohemia, wh ich the King of Poland refu fed. The Teu-
tons let againft the Poiander by the Emperour : the King breaks his leg in hunting.
King Ericui of Denmark^being returned from Syria, freeth ail that Ihould build timber-
houfes in £//e«ore from Taxes for 10 years, and for 20 thofe that built of ftone. The
League renewed between Scotlatid iT\d Denmark^ Vandalia forbid Traffique in the Danirti
Seas. Hewrji Duke of 5'c/e/me^ flain in fcaling the walls of Flensburg. The Pope rai-
feth forces againft the Hufiites. 3 Armies of Fianks, E.-.v.iri.ins, and Saxons fall upon
Bobemia: they all flee away without fight. The Venetians denounce War againft Pfci-
/ipof Milan, tor opprelUng the Florentines. Philip takes Brefcia, which again revolted.
PW/ip of F/<i«^er.f aideth the Duke of Brabant againft the Duke of Gloci;(ier, and makes
War againft Jfli/Me.in of Ho//rf«<i, ivhofe heir he got himfelf to be after her death, He iii-
ftituted the Order of the Golden-fleece. The Lords ot Holland dlOike Johnot Bdi.v/f,
andcallinhisbrother theEarl of St. Pol, but the Duke is received, and the hiftii n
of theCountefs baniftied. Jai^He/iM divorced from the Duke, and married to the Dak<
of Glocefter^ who alfo forfakes her.King Henry of En;iland\i declared heir ot f rw/a'-iand
Tors ofChrOl
Sfff
RcL'ent
■1420
A brief Qoromlo^ie
Ycais ofChiiji
430-
Regcntduiingtheliteof Cfcflfr/j. TheDnke of C/are«ce flain ; the King pawnech his
Ciown to Cardinal Beaufort,i'or 20000 1. The Duke oi Bedford Ret-cnt ut France: Henry
6- reieneth in England 38 years i he is crowned King otfM«:e. The Fre«cfc beaten at
Vertwi ; Grcat-Oi dnance now firft ufed in England. JFarmcl^idt Lieutenant in Frai.ce.
Talbut doth good fervice in France ; Salisbury flain at the fiege oi Orleans, which is relie-
ved by Joan oiArk, Sufolk^a.nd Talbot taken ; S. Vennit and other places loft by the Eng-
liih: the Scots aide the French; theEarl of B«cfc<J«Conftableotf rd/zce: King James
carried by KingHent> into France, he is ranfomed ; Buchan and Vouglajfe flain at Vernol-,
Mordo with his two fons, and Lenox,execiited in Scotland for opprellion; Alexander Lord
of the Ifles, rebellcth and is taken ; his brother kils the Earl of Cathnejfe,3nd defeats the
Earl oi Mar. ^/exan^/erj brother is driven into Ireland , his head is fent thence to the
King.
In the Church, Clement 8. is chofen Antipope, by means oiAlfhonfus oi Ai-agon,\vt fate
8 years-, he is forced to refignc, and become Birtiop of Afd/orca. Pope Miirfi« who re-
fufcd to give the title of Sicily to Al^bonfus,is reconciled to him. Julian the Cardinal
fent by the Pope againft Bohemia , and to treat with the Emperour about a Synod at
Bafd : Rene King of Sicily., ftriving for Lorrain, is taken. Alphonfus feifeth on Naj^les.
At Pdpid was a Synod held, which becaufe of the Plague, was removed to Sena, and
diflulvcd by the Pope, for fear of Aragon. The Adamites revive in Bohemia ; and the
Eremites at Rome : one Seft of the Thaborites, call themfelves Orphans»for the lofle
ofZifca. lFickliff''& body after 41 years, is digged up and burnt.
IntheEaft, the Prince of Epirw is forced to (end his three fons to the Turk, Scanderbeg
was one of them : The Turks taketh many places from the Chriftians; heexotula-
teth and geldeth Gregory fon totheDefpot of Sindciovla : the Greek Emperor with
Demefriw Prince of Pe/opwe/itf repair to Italy for help J and are preJfent at theCoun-
ceXof FUrence. In the Weft, Sigifmundh crowned at Millan and atKome; he makes
Fran. Gonzaga Prince of Millan , and his fon tewls Marqueife of Mantua : the Empreflc
imprii'oned upon fufpition, and releafed : the Emperour died of a furfeit of Melons :
his Ton in law Albert Duke of Aujiria, is made King of Bohemia. The Englifh lofe Char-
tres, are defeated at Vivaine, and fubdue the Normans. Paris fals off to the French, the
Duke of Burbon fct? up the Dolphin , who arc reconciled to thcKing. The Mar(hal of
France burnt for Witchcraft. Peace made between Ca^/Ze and Portngall. The Moorcs
are beaten. The Genuans take Arragon, Navar, with 100 Princes , and 200 Knightsat Ca-
iettd; they are fent to the Duke of M'7/J« , and by him relcaftd. TheCaftiliansand
Portiigals beaten by the Moors. Alfhonliis -y. obtains many viftories againft theMoorsj
great troubles in Cafiile about the Conftable. A fedition of Rufticks in Hungary. Ladi-
flaus of Poland, hath fealty fworn to him by the Vayvodof Valaehia. The Swedes re-
bell againft the Danes ; the King hardly efcapeth with his treafurc into Gothland.
Chriflof'her Duke of Bavaria fifters/on to Ericus,is fent to, to be King, Julian the Cardi-
nal fly eth out of Bohemia. The T'fcatorifej take divers towns. The Cup is allowed to the
Bohemians in the Councel of Bafi I.Bohemia much diftrafted upon the death of Sigifmund.
The Venetians defeat Philip of Millans forces by (ca ; they fight with him neer Cremona,
Millan invaded by the Duke of Savoy and Montferrat. Philip lofeth many places , and
his Generali is taken. Flanders fpoiled by the Duke of Gfcce/?er, who carrieth away
many captive Children. The Hollanders for fcouring the Seas from the Eafterlings,
have carried a Broom ever fincc on their main-top. Jaquelin furrendreth her Countries
tor the ranlome of her husband. Joneof^ri^^isburnt for a Witch. The Treaty of ^^r-
ras, where the Burgundianfidcth with the French againft the Englilh : Heisraifedby
the P loteftor ot England from the liegc of CaUis. fF'ariPick^ the Regent fpoileth Picardy^
ThcFrench twice beaten in Normandy. In ^cof/aw*/ the Earle of Marcfc made Earleof
Bud an Rcxburg bef eged by the Scots King , who is murthercd by the Earle of Athol.
Wis lun James 2. fuccecdeth 23 years : the Chancellor and Regent at odds , and are re-
conciled. Vouglajfe troublcth the State; the Queen takes the young King from the
Chancellour.
In the Church, Eugenius 4. fits 1 5 years -, the Cokmnii rebel , and he flieth in a difgui-
fed habite toF/t/rez/ce; thepeoplefortifie the Popes Caftle againft him; theyareat
laft reconciled: he helpeth Ke«e againft Alphonfus -^ he attemptcth^ to adjourn
the Synod of £a/?/ to Ferrarrti but is oppofed and fu("pended by the Synod : It is
decreed, that the Councel is above the Pope. The Greek Emperour acknowledges
the Popes Supremacy ; neverthelede he is depofed by the Councel of Baftl. Queen
_7oa« ofii'/ci/y diethj and nameth iie/ze her hciic, who now was a Prifoner in Bur-
gundy.
of the principal Vaffa^es , Sec.
t/y. ^/f>/70«/«j is taken, aslie wag going to take poflellion. The y^rrteonw/K defeated r:.i-i ufc^t.-i't,
bv Ke«e; the Coiincel of pay?/ continued there, at Ferrara and f /ovewf e, 1 5 years.
The Bohemians are declared Tons of thet^hurch by the Emperour and Bifliop oiCon-
flance ; this was engraven on Marble, in Holden letters at Prac«e 5 their pi-agma'
lical Sanction piibliflied at Park, but condemned by the Pope aS heretical.
In the Eaft , Iheodore the Enipcrours brotVier, and the Turk befiege Conjiam'mople : The
other brother Conjiantine recovered Pdo^onnefus, and rebuilds the wall : He (liccecds to
his brother in the Empire 8 years. Pelo^onnefus dhidtd between the other two bro-
thers; they pay tribute to Mahtimet. The Turks arc beaten out of Hungary by John
huniades. IFoldavia won by the Hungarians. HHnitff^ejdefeates the Turk twice, and kiJs
two Baflas. S canderhegef Ok^eth into EpiruS)^nd poflefleth it. Bulgaria loft by the Turks,
%vhereof30ooowereflain : Peace for 10 years between the Turks and Hungarirns;
thele break the peace and are defeated by the Turks at Varna. Scanderbeg retufeth to
make peace with the Turk. Peloponnefus taken by Amurath. Huniades defcateth theTurks
in ivo/cia, and is defeated by them in the Plaines oiCajfovia. Scanderbeg overcomes Mn-
popha twice; /^mH?-dfAdieth at the fiege of Croja: To him fucceedcd Mahomet the great,
his Ion 3 2 years; he begins with the murther of his Brothers. In the Weft, Frederick^
Arch-Duke of y^«/?ridreigneth 53 years: Wars in Bflfaria between LewJ the father, and
thefbn. Lwceffiwrf fold by the Emperour to the Duke of 5'dxo?i)' , caufeth war: The
Emperour retufeth the Crown of Bohemia. Hmiadies makes war on the Emperour for
not rtftoring the King, and Crown of Hwigary. The Imperial CJtitsand Earl oi Ul-
rJfe^rgfallout. The JV&rJmiergerf defeated 8 times hy Albert of Brandeburg. The Duke
ot Burgnidy ranfomcth theDuke of Orleans.^ for 300000 Crowns. The Parliament- of
^holoje fet up for Languedoc. Viepe befieged by Talbot , and relieved by the Dolphin.
5 years Truce with England: the Duke of fritam ftarveth his brother,tor intelligence
with the Englifh. Pont V Arch taken fromthe Enj^lifti by the Duke ot Britain, who
■withFrcnchhelp,recoverethalfo Normandy. War between C(t(iile and Navar. Ladif-
1ms oiPolandis chofen King of Hungary. Cafimire the Kings brother made Duke of Li-
luania, the Prince thereof being llain. ^i/e/riJ wafted by the Po/dH^er*. TheTurks ex-
oculate the Defpot of Kafcia and his fons, who fled to Ladiflaus ; war between Majfovia
,and Lituanid. The King is killed: Cafimire refufeth to be King: Bokjlaus Duke of Majfovia
nvas chofen -, then Cafmhe accepted it, and reigned 45 years : He neglefts Poloma , and
refides in LitHrf.'/irt 5 he refufeth his Coronation-Oath, till the Po/(i«</erf began to rejeft
him, tl)enhetook it. Ladiflaus hdn^ chofen King of Hungary ; the Queen carrieth
hcrfon and crown of Hungary to the Emperour. Julian the Cardinal perfwacfes the
Hungarians to break the 10 years peace with theTurks; whereupon the King is de-
feated and (lain at Farra. Ladiflaus Pu^humusfuccteded I i^yea.r%: he was fon to Albert.
H«nw(/«kilsthe V a.i\od of Vdachia, who detained him, after the battell of FarHd.
Jimiedes znd the Potoz^er fight for Valachia. Chriflopher of Bavaria reigns in Suevia 8
■years; hertftoresto.(^^fl/f>fcw theDukedomeof j'c/e/wic^; the Rebels in jHfia defeated,
and the chief of them executed : He is crowned firftin Suevia^ then in Norway and
Denmark, he loft, much treafure by iliipwrack ; to him fucceeded Cfcri^/^r/zw Earl of
■Oldenburg ■^o years; Adolphus Duke of Sclefrvickjxas named, but he refiifed the Crowns.
The Swedes chofeCfoar/j fon to Crf««fw for their King, In Bohemia, Ladiflaus Pofihutms
^^/icrfifon. reigncth 19 years: Mermrdthe governour is imprifonecl, and Pracwe taken
by theThabori.tes. A great lofle of goods in Venice, by an inundation. The Venetians
take all from Sforza, which they hadgiven him, for aiding Vhilip of Mil/an, whom they
.^efcat, and take Laudum vi'ith 9lacentia. Laudum recovered by Sforza. SjintWrfr/;j
Church robbed by a CreMn of two.Millions of Gold; the Venetian Embaflador nuir-
ihercd by Sforza. Vhilip of Flanders reftoreth the Dutchefle of Luxelbwg: he pa-
cifieth the faftions of Hoecks ,and Cabillaucks. An inundation at 'Dort deftroyed
,100000 people. Pfciii^andthe Gaiuitois make war, becaufe they refufe to pay his
cuftomes of Salt. The Duke of Orleans who had been prifoner in England 25 years, is
ranfomed by Philip Duke of Buraundy, who was therefore called the Good. The
Duke ot Gloce(iers wife imprifoned for Sorcery : PaM/jftccplc fired by lii'htning ; JVhit-
lingtonhui\ds]Sltw-gaie i[]d aCollcdge. TheKing hath with Ke«w daughter , whom he
married, Awou and Mayne. Thomas Eyre built Leaden-hall: The Duke of Sommerfet
made Regtnt of France: the Duke of G/oce/Jer, and the Cardinal of iVinchelier die fiid-
denly, within fifteen d-ycs of each other. The Englilli Turpi ife Fougeres ., and in
three yC'TS lofe Normandy and Gafcoine. The Irifh fuppreflid :■ the Duke of
.Swjfo/i^btheadtd^t Sea. roJ^g/a/Te and his brother executed at E^ez/Wp. : iJ'iUhm
Ipnne to James Douglaffe , the Kings favorite, difplaceth the Cbancelk)r and Rc-
irtnt , which caufcd much mifchicf : Sir lames Stuart who had niarriid
Sfi{2 the'
1+40
A brief Chronologie
the King^s mother baniflied: the Englifb beaten back from invading Scotland; 5 y-ars
peace concliKltd. Ktne expelled out oiNa^es by Alplx>nfns, who promikth to pay t»
the Pope yearly 8000 ounces ot Gold.
In the Church, EHge/ziw fits yet, in whofetimethe 30 Schlfme breaks out: Amadeui
Duke of Savoy being chofen ; he was called Fdix 5. artd fate 9 years, having been
Duke 40 years , he became an Hercmite : Eugenius dieth , to whom fuccecdeti. Nice-
las'^. 8 years; he crefted the Vatican Library; Fcelix refigneth , and is made Car-
dinal andLegat. 4 Synods held thisDecad^; one of them at Lateran , to nullifie the
Councel o(Baftl. The Fcaft of our Lady's Vilitation inftituted at Bafil. Palmerius
the Chronologer burnt for herefies.
In the Eaft, Confiantimple is taken, thcEmperor flain, and 60000 people carried away cap-
tives. 5c<<n<iffrfeegbeateth the Turks many times. Mahomet ftriketh off the head of his
fair Concubine Irene, at a publigue meeting : He recovers Servia ; he lofeth an eye.
Huniddes beats him off from the licge of Belgrade 40000 Turks flain, he be fiegeth KhodeSy
but is beat back by the Pope and Gennans; he lc(eth Lemno?, takech Corinth, difmant-
leth Athens y he marrieth the daughter of Demffnw Prince of Pelo^onejus , whom he ex-
pelled, and gives him the town Ophhw, andtheCiiftomeof Salt ior his maintenance.
IntheVVeftjtheEmperour reftores the Crown of HiiK^^dry -, the Duke of Br»<n,'Tric^ ta-
ken by thebilhop ofColenin fight. A fcdition in Auflriaoftcn years conti'uancc. The
PopedifplaccththeBifhopofMenfz for refufingto pay his Firft-fruks , which caufed
much trouble : the Emperour is taken by the Citizens in Vienna, and relcaftd. Aquj-
ifmrevoltethto the French: A Parliament fetup at GrenoMe in Pa«/>fci«y. Talbot is
flain, the Dolphin rtbclletb, and flies into Ewt^Hn^. The French burn Sandwich; the
Dukeof^/e«/o«imprifoned for intelli?ence with the Enplilh. The King being fore-
warned of poyfon,abftjincd fo long from meat, that he ftarved himfelf and died. The
Moors in Andalujia defeated. By the death oiChdrls, Navar fell to Blanch the repudiatfd
wife of He«r)i, and /^rra^o« to Ferdinand Con to King lohn. To Alphonjiis of Arragori
fuccecdedhisbrothcr Jo6k King of A^^rmr, Father to Ferrfind«(/ the Catholick, 21 years,
Cd/fwire of Po/<j«(frcfureth tort ftorePrH///<i to the Teutonick^: at laft he is defeated by
them. Peio//(j invaded by the Tartars. A league between Poland zndBohemia. Hunia-
des made Regent of Hungary : his death plotted by the Earl of Cilia. Vine flain by L<r-
dijlauf. Ton to Huniades •■, he is executed, and his brother Matthias imprifoned ■■, the king
dieth,andthe fame Mafffei'M is chofen, 32 years : he was forced to promift to his keeper
Podiebral, who wcs Regent of Bohemia, to marry his daughter , and to pay him 60000
Crowns. Cfcar/jof^xeyid is forced for his tyranny to flic to Vansk^v/ith his treafure.
Chrifiiern is chofen King oiSueiiia ; the King feifeth upon Sclefwick, znd Halft, being ef-
cheattd by the death ot^^o/pfcw: Hamburgh fuhmks to 'Denmark,. Vlriek^Eirl ofCilia,
Governourof^K/fri(i,and of the kingof Bofcemid's pcrfon; he is removed and rcfto-
rcd; the King dicth. Pei^ietdr^ crowned, he reigned 1 3 years ; he is oppofed by .yf/e-
Jia for bting aThaboritc. The Venetians expel the Florentines out of their territories.
Cofmo aideih Sforza againft them, who taketh Mil/an, and is honoured by the Pope with
a rich Sword. A peace is made between renice, F/c/re«ce, and Sforza. The Frencfe king
offended for the peace made between England and ihe Flcmmings. Jacl\Cade rebelleth
in Kent, and is executed. The Duke of lorJ^ takes arms againft the King; he fubmits,
and (wears Fealty. Heaccufeth Sommerfef, and isaccufed by him; Sommerfet fen t to
theToiver, re]eared,and made Captaine of Calice. Tork^, fFar-fdck^und Salisbury take
arms; thebattellofS. ^/A(i«^; The King hurt and taken, Tor^ made Proteftor, and
di(placed. 9 years peace with Bwrgwii/y. frarmck^^oeth to Calice : the King forces bea-
ten at £/ore-/jeaf A, by the Earl of.9(j/»t«r)' : At Ludlonp the Yorkfhire men take arms.
PoHg/trffe returning from JRome is pardoned, and made Vice-roy; He is flain at Sterlingy
for plotting againft the King: His brother /(tmej- befiegeth it, and is forced thence by
Huntly: His forces forfakehim, heflieth into England: The Family of the Pouglalfes
put to the Home. Arcbbifhop of S. ^m/rewj made Chancellor. Douglaffe wiih theEng-
IHh invade Scotland: the King at the liege oi' Roxburg is fl,Jn by the breaking of a
Cannon.
In thcChurch,C(i/;xt/«3. fits 3 years; heprocured a warr between the Perfian and
Turk, he left behindehini 500000 crowns. Pim 2. fiicceedeth 5 years; He was
JEn£as Sylvius, and Scribe in the Councel oi Bafil ; he will have no appeals from the
Popr to a Councel; he thought otherwayes -dt Bafil. Cu/ixfw 3. inftituted the Feaft
ol Chrifts transfiguration,upoH the defeating of the Turks in Hungary.
In
of the principal Vafages^d^c,
h theEaftj VjfHm Cajfanes thePerfian makes war againft Mahomet. Mytilene and other {^'''"''^
places taken by the Turks. TrapezMui taken. David the Emperor and hi? two (wis
killed. Mdhomet takcth Chalcit from the Venetians. The Governor of" Myfm flciM.
ScanderhgSitih. E^iruf taken again, and .^caH-'/eriegV fens driven out. Mdbomets^Ucx.
fpoiled, bound for Trdpexwt/.- The Turks wafte H««eiJr)'. IniheWtft, the Emperor
tenders his Daughter to Mahcmet, if he will alter his Religion : but Albert o( Bavaria
dole her away. The King of Bohemia freed the Emperor frofti thofe of Vtenm. Brunf-
jpicl;^ makes war againft the Hans-towns. The Emperor entertained at Rome by the
Pope. The Turks enter Germa/jy. In Fratice, Lewit ii reigneth 22 years: His cove-
toufnefle caufeth a Civil war : He redeems the Towns moi gaged to the Duke of Bur-
gundy at the Treaty oi Arras : The Duke with the Lords befiege farii; the King
difperfeth the Lords by fair pronnfcs. He takes the Dutchy of Normandy from his bro-
ther, and flieth to the Duke of B«rgM«<fy. The King makes the Duke of JSr/fdiw to re-
nounce the League with Burgundy, and caiifcth Liege to rebell againft the Duke. The
Dutchy oiGuyai beftowed on the Kings brother. Divers Lords oiCaflile league againft
Henry their King; they force him to put away his fuppofed daughter , and to declare
his brother Al^hoiifus heir. Alfhonfus is crowned, and Hen^y depofed •, but at laft Hemy
Tprcvaileth, znd Alfbonfus dUth. Peace fetlcd in Cfl/}i/e, and //aW the Kings lifter is de-
clared heir, fliemarrieth Fer^i/wn<iof Arragon. Marieburg yields to the King of Po-
land. Pomerania after 180 years united to Fo/onid. Peace with the Tentonirks. Ladi-
faiu the Kings fon is defigned King of Bohemia, after the death of George. The Tar-
tars defeated by the Vaivod of Moldavia. Matthias is crowned King of Hungary at Alha--,
J^e/jice alio weth him 60000 Crowns yearly, and the Pope 50000 againft the Turks:
his Uncle is beheaded at Co«^(j;ifMop/e by the Turks. Tranfxlvania reduced by AMfhias ■■,
he is beaten andwoand-'d mValachia, by the Vayvods treachery. War with Bohemia.
jcooo Captives carried away by the Turk out of Hm«c<*''>- The Swcd s rebell againft
the Danes: the King forced to fiie. Charles is fent for, but quickly Forfiketh them
again. A rebellion in Holfl by Gerard the Kings brother, who is inipriloned. The
Danes take two Englifh fhips : Their goods and perfons attached \nEn(land. Gerard
expelled out of Holfi. King George of Bohemia condemned by the Pope of hertefie;
Mitthias of Hungary fet up againft him. The Venetians lofe Negrofont to the Turk.
Charles oi Burgundy helps the Pope againft the Turk -, he falls out with his father, and
is reconciled again. ^rwoWDuke of G«e/i/er^imprifontdaycar by his fon. Liege i'uh-
mits and is pardoned, ffci/ip dieth: His fon Charles fucceedeth 10 years; be demo-
liflieth Liege for rebelling. Gaunt fubmits and is pardoned. In England, Tork^ is at-
tainted, and the King taken. Tor^ confirmed Heir to the Crown; he is flain by the
Queen: his fon E(/war^ defeats the Queens forces, and fhe his. Edward 4. reigns 22
years. Henry and the Queen arc overcome, and flie into Scotland. The Queen enters
JJisrt/jKffJ&er/ani with French forces, and is beaten : the King flieth into Wales ■■, he is
taken difguifed, and fent to the Tower. Sheep tranfported mto S^ain. The King
niarrieth the Lady E/ixateffc Gray. Warpckl^^lott.eth againft KingErfirar^, who is de-
feated, and committed to the ArchbilTiop of Tbr^; he efcapeth to London-, He d -
feats the Lincolnfliir-men. ^arwicl^^ and Clarence flie into France ; Edward fliuh
to Burgundy. Henry releafcd, and the Crown entailed upon Clarence ; fFarwici^ is made
Regent. In Scotland, James 3. reigneth 28 years; Roxhurg and /^^ar^-Caftles taken ;
PonaWof the Iflesrebelleth, and is killed. King Henry religns Barwick^ to the Scots;
Peace with England 1 5 years. The Lordsof Barcetfo«e call in Rene to be King oiCafiile;
the French afllft.
In the Church fits Paul 2. 6 years: He was a Dunce; therefore hated Scholars. He
imprifoned P/atina and Pomponius L<eans; He fpent upon the Emperors entertain-
ment in 1 7 dayes 1 8cool. Cardinals arc priviledged to ride on Males. Divers bribe
the Turk, to be Patriarch oiCenftantimple.
efChrOt ■
1460
IntheEaft, the Turks are twice beaten by thePedians. Valinntia, AulhidyMyfia^Bofna,
Styria^ and Carititbia wafted by the Turks ; they win Taurica Cberfenejiu , and are beaten
in Valachia. Ali-Beg defeated in Hungary. The Turks do much hurt in HuU'jary, Vacia,
and Venetian territories; 30000 Turks killed in Tra/z/I/ua/iia; divers lO.inds taken
by the Turk. In the Weft, war between thePa/afz/ze and Baz;are about Mentz: The
Grifons league with the Helvetians: The Archbiftiop oi Strigonium fiieth to the Em-
peror with much treafure; hcismade Archbi!hopof.S'a/fzi)Hr|;^. Mattbi^ of Hung.try
iubdueth much oiAaftria: Peace with Hungary. The French King takes ^mf«w and
S. ^intins from the Duke of Burgundy, who recovereth S. ^imins ; he hlreih one to
kill
—1470
A brief Qhronokgte
rears of Chilli.
kill the Kinc. The Coiiftable Tceketh to corrupt Burbon. Peace with Fw/rce and £«g-*
latid; peace" alio between Burgundy and Britain ; The Conftible is (.xeciued. Or.vi^e
made a Principality fubyeft to France. At Virion in Burgundy, a Parliament is erefteJ :
The Kin^ takes divers Towns from tiTeDiitchefle of Burgundy. TheSwitzcrs begin
to ferve the French : The Archers are put down, which were inftituted by Charles y.
TheBifhopofPrfwpe/oHekilledby theConftablc, upon fuijition ot adultery wich the
Qiieen. Ferdinand the Catholique rtigneth 41 ycares ; He and Ifabel claim PerfHj^a/,
and feife on it ; (he is declared heirc of Caliile. The firft Voya;ge ot Spaniards to Guiny.
In hatred to Mcitthiof, Caftmir is made King oiPokiid; but he is reconciled to the peo-.
ple,andCiJ/imirreturntth. Pw/iW invaded by theHringarians, and Kw/yFa by the Tar-
tar?. ThcTeutonicks renew the war with Po/an^ and then lubmit : the Tartars wafte
PoJo/M,and theTurks Carinihia. It was agreed, that Matihiof of Hungary fhould enjoy
Moravia znd Silefta for his life-time, and fhould be (tiled King of Bohemia; "but after
his death , thele Provinces (hould return to Bohemia on payment of 600000 Crowns,
andthertii oi Bohemia (boaldkW to Matthiat, ifhefurvived Ladiflaus. Much mifchicf
done by the Turks in HM/fgaiiy, during the Nuptials of the King with the Daughter of
Arragon. Matthias recovers from the Turks 30000 Captives,and wa(teth their Coiintry
30 miles: He takes alio divers Towns in Styria, bccaufe the Emperor kept not pro-
mife. The King of Denmiri; enters Suevia^ without afting any ihinje; ; fie is honorably
entertained at Rome. George of Bohemia d'lnh with gritf,thatthe Prince was taken by
MatthiM. Ladijlausthe fon of Cayfmir is elefted 46 years. Matthiits ht'm'g rejefted, iq-
vadeth Bohemia, ^ici/j and Fe«icp league againft the Turks; they fpoil divers Turk i(h
pl.Kes. The King oiCyprus doth bequeath his Wife ami Kingdom to the Venetians :
they fettle her in it. The Turks are driven ftom the liege of Lepanto; Peace is made
with them. S. ^intiris taken by the French , they invade Burgundy. The Burgun-
dian (idcth with King Edward again(t King Henry. The Frijons rcfufe to pay the
Chimney-penny demanded by the Duke : he prevailed in France. The Duke of
Guelders being angry with his Sonne, fells his Dutchy to the Burgundian for 92000
Florcns, and an annual penlion. The Emperor refuteth to make the Duke King of
Burgundy; andhedenieth to match his Daughter with his Son Ato/mi/wj. The Duke
ofBurgundVj and JifHe Duke o( Lorain, invade each others territories. Nuwry, which
Rene had taken, is befieged by Duke Charls^ who is flain there : his daughter Mary fuc-
cetded : the French feife on fome places of the Dutchy : Maximilian is efpoufed to her,
and the Dulphin rejefted. Renault recovered from the French; Guelders revolteth;
the P'rench lofe Tournay ; the Lord ofMontigny is made Governor of Holland. In Fjigland
King Henry is taken by Edward, and committed-, /fdrwic^^ killed in Biirwet-Fight ;
the Queen is taken ; G/^cejler nuirthers the King and Prince; Pembrool'^^nd Richmond
efcjpe into Britany -, Oxford fent prifoncr into Normandy ; the Lawes of Henry can-
celled : the Burgundian animateth the King againii the French,bi.)t faileth him; there-
I01 c he makes peace with France, upon a match between the Dolphi* and hlsjdaughter
Elizabeth. The King bribes the Duke of Britany to have the Earl of Fvichmond, but
faikth: George Duke of Clarence condemned of treafon; he is drowned in a But of
Maltufey in the Tower : the King hated for his coveioufnffie. The king ofDewwdr^
rclinquilheth his Title to the Orcades, upon the matching of his daughter Mflrgar?f to
the King of Scotland. S. Andrews made an Archbilhoprick : the King pcrfecutes the
ArchbilJiop, gives himfelf to mai'ick and opprelfion ; he makes one Cockram a Mafon
his favourite : John Earl of Mar the Kings brothcr,for treafon, hath his veins opened,
fo that he bleccieth to death.
In the Church due Sixtuf 4. 1 5 years : He fets out aFleet agaiiift thcTurks ; A fubilc
ai Rome, the Jubile now reduced to 25 years: He erefteth Glafcow and S.Andrews
into Archbifhopricks in Scotland; in C(r/?//e he inftituteih thelnquiiltion againft
the Tewes and Moors. IFejelius a Preacher at Worms, burnt for (jpiaking againft
Indulgences.
In theEaft, to Mahomet fucceedcd his Ton Bajazet 2.32 years : Zerr.es another Ton afpireth
and flieth into Egypt and Rhodes. Epirus recovered by Jchn (on to Scanderheg -, the
Turks lo(e Bojna; they take Valachia,znA inv.ide MoLiwia. Bajozet attempted to
dcftioy the janizaries, but failing, temporifeth tvith them : He btftows other lands
on the King of Caramania fuT his kingdom. The two Balfa's Cent ngainflFeyptfor
receiving of Zt-mej, are defeated i-nd taken. Eauzctfues to the Egyptian Sultan for
peace: Zemes is fent to the Pope: TheDefpot of SVrwa takes 70f)0 Turks with tha'r
plunder, and refcueth locoo Captives. In the VVtftj M(«/«(?j' takes Vitnna with
other
of the principal Vafages , &:c.
'other places. M.A:i;Hi/w;icIio fen King of the Homans: the Duke oi' Saxony he]-pcth r^^'^■'■^ "fchrif/,
the Emperor againft Mnthijs , and peace is made : Mctximilian invades Fkardy , takes
Artoii.^ ArraSj and Ewgmdy; he brings back his daughter that was betrothed to the
French king ; he takes Belgrad upon the death of MattiiM. In France^ Charts 8. reigns
14 years: The Duke of Orlearu leagucth with divers Lords againft the Kings lifter
who w;;s Regent; they fubmit, and league again : the King prevails againft the Bri-
tain s : Orleans committed to the Csftle of BoMr^fj, and afterward releafcd ; The Duke
of Britain being dead, king Charles takes divers places from his dau['hter and heir Anne;
the difference is referredtoMtf^/rwi/w^, he takes her part. Frmek of Navar poyfoned;
hisfifterfC(/f/;er/M'fucceedcth. The Caftilians take the Canaries. The Duke of Bra-
ftfnzaexccnttdj for intelligence with Caflile. Many Towns taken in Granado. Caftiie
takes Malaga from the Moors : the Portugals begin to fail to the Eaft : the Friai s of
Jerufalem receive an annual penlion of 1 000 Ducats from the king of Caftiie, Charles
of Anjou dicth ; he was Titular king of Naples and Sicily , from him the French kings
claim their titl' s to thofe kingdoms. Novograd in Litiiauia is taken by the Miifcovitcs.
Cafmir the King of Poland's Ton, will rather die, then lie with a Woman to recover
his health. The Tartars fpoile Moldavia. The Vayvod fwears fealty to the Kin<^ of
Poland, who thereupon drives the Turks thence. Cafmiis youngeft fon Biftiop of
Craccvia. ThePolandcr beats the Tartars in Kuffia and Podolia. Matthias of Hungary
warreth fuccefsfully againft the Turks and Germans, and takes many Towns-, he
makes peace with the Emperor. To C^riftiern of Pe/ftwa'r/^ fiicceedeth his fon John-^
he hath fome controverfic s vvith the Englilli. Stem Stwre made Governor ofSwedeland-
Fe«;ce and F7o)T?;re joyn sgainft the Pope. Ferrara ingratefull to the Venetians, who
hod got^him his Eft:i tc ; nioft of the Italian Princes league againft Venice ; at laft a peace
is made: The Venetians have war in ^K/?rf<« and Khetia; they are beaten neerTrenf,
Catherine the Qii-n of Qprw refigneth her kingdonie to FemVe, to whom they allow
5o.l.wei?htofgoldyeariy, and the Caftle of ^xa/d. In Holland, the Cabillaucks take
Porf, and the Hoecks Ley Jen : War between Holland zx\A Vtricht. Mary of Burgundy
is killed by a fall from her horfej Maximflian is received Governor of Holland^ but re-
jefted in Flanders ; Hi-r daughter Margaret betrothed to the Dolphin ; Prince fhili^ is
received. Troubles between y^^Uwerp and Brxge^. Egmow made Governor of Holland;
then Euglebert E^rl of NiJJ/rf'i-Trpubles in Frifta. As Nlaximihan endeavoured to recon-
cile Bruges with Ant-pre-^^, he h imprifoned, and fome of his fervants killed : Upon rc-
fignationofthe government to his fon, he isfetfrec. The Emperor makes Albert of
<S'rfxo;/y Governor of the Low-Countries; he is oppofed by the Flemings, who take
i'.oncri/frn;, and lofe it again to Mrt.icimi/jan. The Scots invaeleE«g/i«rf, and the Englifh
Scotland-, BorTPzcl^takcn from the Scots. The French will pay no Tribute to England.
E(/Trar</ 5. fucceeds his father one moneth'. G/oMce/?er made Proteftor, then King; his
name was 'Richard':^, he reigned 3 years : the Queens kindred cut off, the Princes are
rnirthered,and Buckingham beheaded. MorfoH Biftiop of E/y, attempteth to advance
the Earl of Richmond, who landeth, and killeth King Richard; this was Henry 7. who
reigned 23 years ; the Kingdom is entailed to his heirs; Heinftituted theGiiard. The
Lord Lew/ rebelleth; and Lamtert a Counterfeit fct up, who was crowned at D«Wi«,
and overthrown at5foJ^e, he is made a Skullion in thePrivy-kitchin. Peace with Scot-
land. England fides with Britany againft France. The Northern Rebels overthrown,
and the chief executed, hi Scotland, Cockram the Mafon is made Earl of Mar : The
Kings brother Alexander Duke of .(^/^(Tnj flieth into England; he is reconciled , and
Cock^ram hanged : Albany made Regent, but out of fear cfcapeth into France ; he died
by a fplint in Tilting with Lew^ of Orleans. The Lords rebell againft the King , and
make his fon Jame; their Captain : the Kings forces beaten, and he flain : His fon
Jrfmei 4. fucceeded 26 years; he alwayes wore an Iron-chain in ftcad of a girdle, as a
penance for his rebellion. A double-bodied Monfter from the navel upwards-born in
Scotland.
In the Churchj ^ts Innocent 8. 7 years : He was the firft Pope that advanced his B.iftards.
Zemez, Bajazet^ brother, delivered to him by thcMafter of/(fco^w, for which he is
tnade a Cardinal : this Pope died of ah Apoplexy.
In the Eaft, the Turks aide the Rebels in HwJgrtry againft the King, -whom they defeat,
and took his General in CrodJifl. The Turks are beaten by Erfcw Duke of Btmif-wick^
Zemez poyfonedby the Pope. The Turks do much mifchief in the Venetian Territo-
ries. They take L'ponto,iVfo</eHe, and other places; 60000 of them flaih in ifw/y-d. In
the Weft, the Emperour being dead, his fon Maximilian fuceecdeth a-, years : he drives
the Turks out of Croatia. 5(«/;/faIIsoff from the Emperour to the Switzers : the Em-
peror
1490
A brief Chromk^te
Tears afchyifi.
peroiirisdcfeatedby them, and grants them p^ace. Maximilian macrkth Anne of Bri-
tany by Deputy ; but theFrench King marrieth her , and cafts off Maximilians daugh-
ter. Charles hcdegnh Naples, vvherecheFrenchmalady breaks out. He takes 2Va;/ei and
lofeth it a£;ain : He dyeth, to whom fucceeded Lewis 2. Dukeot Orleans, i8 years : he
divorceth his wife, and takts/i««e the former Kings widow : he takes Milan in his
mothers right, and putstheGrandchildeof Gabeasintoz Covent. Alfhonfo oi Portii-
gd/kill'd with a fall from his horfe. Gra«(i</o conquered by Fer^mtj//^ and Ifahel. Ame-
riardifcovcrcd by Columbus ; he brought home the Venerial Pox. Jews and Moors bani-
(hcd. The French King refignes to Fer^!/w«</iio«|/;//i;H, that he might not crofs him in
theConqueft of Naples. The Pope limiteth the difcoverics of Caflile and Portugal : The
Mqorsot Cafiile compelled to embi-ace theFaith. The French invade Roufftllon, because
Ferdinanda{{iAedNaples. Columbus makes a third voyage to America. Cafmireoi Poland
dycth^and Jofcn^ikrthision fuccetded : 10 years he makes a League with Bohemia^znd
\ eace with the Turk. The Polacks defeated in Podolia by the Tartars : the King invades
Moldavia, and is beaten. The Valachians carry many away captives out oi Kufjia and
Podolia : The Turks defeated in Kujfta. hadijlaus of Bohemiaii made King of Hungary
26 years: he recovers ^/^dilega/w. The Hungarians plunder A/y/fd. The Turks bea-
ten from Be/gr<i^ : the King fpoileth the Turks lands for 100 miles. Hungary, Pole and
Kuifia league againft the Turk. The Norwegians aredifpenf d to receive the Sacrament
without wine, John King of Denmark^ fubdueth theSvvedes: he takcth the Lubec flyps,
and they his: Heis chofen Kingof SviiedeUind,znd Steno dcpoitd. The Venetians pro-
tect Pija againft Florence, they are Neuters to France and Naples. Sforza ftrives to gee
Pifa from the Venetians ; they League with France againft him ; he cals in the Turk.
Af//aM lofeth Crenw?w. Eug-oi Najfan fubdueth theBrugeois, whobuilthiman houfe,
yet belonging to the Prince of Orange. Najfau and Guelders taken by the French King :
The Boors of Ho//flM(^ do great infolencits. The Dutchy of G«eWerj efcheated to the
Emperour, who makes the Duke of Saxony hereditary Governour of Frifia, againft
whom the Frifons league : they rebell againft his fon : The Dukeis flain at the ficge of
Grcwze/ige//. TheKingof England hdptth Maximilian againft the French; he befiegcth
Bolen : the Frencii King payeth the charges of the War, and an annual fum, and fo ob-
tains F^ace. Perkin Jferbeck^ let up againft King Henry by the Dutchefs of Burgundy : he
pretends he was the younger fon to the Duke of Tork^: he goeth into Scotland, and
makes the Scots invade hngland: he marryeth the Earl of HMnrZ/s daughter. The Cor-
nifti Rebels defeated at Black-heath : The Scots are refifted by the Bifhop of Tmrham,
and Earl ot Surrey: Ferij/n defeated and taken, and fent to the Tower; he is hanged
at Tyburn, and the Earl of JVurrcick^ beheaded on the Tower-hill. Truce made by the
Sco ts ^vith England.
In the Church, Alexander 6. fat 1 1 years ; he makes one of his baflards Prince of Sicilyy
the 2. a Cardinal, and the 3. a Duke of Spain. C^yir the Cardinal, leaves his Hat,
and mairitth theFrench Kings Coufin ; he is made Duke of Valentinois, Valentiais
made an Archbitlioprick. At Ptrit- begins the Order of Penitent women, converted
from the Stews. Sai'ianoroh hanged and burnt at Florence for his opinions.
In iheEaft, the Spanifti, French, and Venetian Fleets againft the Turk are difperfcd.Zyyr-
rachium taken by Bajazet : Peace made with Tmice. Hi is wounded by a Dervi(ar, whole
body was torn, his brains dafht out, and the Order baniftied. 3 Bafla's defeated in a
Rebellion. Co/i/^d^f'Wp/e ruined by earthquake, and repairedby Bajazef, by fetttng at
work 80000 men. In the Weft, the Norinbcrgers are woifted by Brandeburgs forces :
the Boors in the Dioccfs of s'pire rebel. At L>'o«f, the Emterour makes a League with
France and Spain : the Emperor hath War with the Palatine of Bavaria, for fome part
of that Countiy, and with Fe^j/ce. The Swedes, in favour of De«mar/', profcribed by
the Emperour, they flight his Aft. The Bohemians having wafted Germfl«;i ,are driven
out. Presburg or Polfcnium in Hwigdrj,taken by the Emperour : he is not fuffercd to pafs
arni<d through the Venetian Lands. A League at CamJraj between the Emperour, Pope
and French againft Fewite. The Imperial Chamber is tranfl ted from /^c/rmej to Ka-
t!sboHe.Verona,Padua and Viccnza taken by the Emperour. Milan is fubdued again by the
French. Sforza ^^nd his brother carried into France. At Roan and Aix Pariaments
arefttup. TheFitnch and Spaniard having expelled the Emperor from Wflp/e;, they
agree that the French Oiould have Naples, and the Spaniard Magna Gr^ecia with Apulia.
TheSpanifli General Go?//afcHj expels the French out of N~!ples. The Genuans rebell,
ar.d arc fubdued by Lewis : The Portugals fail to Calecut. Philip is acknowledged heir
of
of the principal Vajfa^es , 6cc.
of C(»/f//e,and Ciiccccdeth wiih Jone his wik. Ihilif dyeth, the title ofCatholiqiie made
Hereditary by the Pope to the Kings of Sfain: The Portugals overcome at Cambaia.
Ormus ill the Periian gulf taken : theKingof Cambaia made tributary to Vortuf^d : Tjie
Venetians areftript of Tarentumnud Brunditftum by the Spaniards. The Polander makes
peacewlth theMuicovite and Turk. The King of Po/(zn</ dyeth : His brother Alexan-
der luccadah -^ years. Lituania united again to Poland: the Tartars expelled Rwjia
and Vodolia : the King dyeih, to him fucceedcd his brother Siigijmuud 4 1 years ; he gains
much from Bdy7/ Duke of M*.ycouzrt; he beats the Tartars and Valachians. Chriftkrji of
Denmark, fubducth the rebellious Norwegians : He makes peace with Lubec ; they maj<e
War againft him , for not performing Articles. The Qneen of Sweden taken in the
Caftle of Stockholm, and freed by the Popes means. The Venetians take divers (hips and
placcsfrom the Turks. TheFrench take divers places in /fa/y, and lofe them again to
thePope and Spaniard. PhUipand Jone of Flanders go into Spain ; he dyeth at Bourges,
his heart buried at Jerufalem. Guelders inyadeth Brabant. The Emperour becomes Guar-
dian to Charles, and his other Nephews.Mrtrf dr€t of Saxony named Regent of the Low-
Countries. KingPAz/ipof 5pdi«, and his Queen, caft by ftormesonthe Englifhcoaft,
lind-M Falmouth, they areRoyally entertained. The Earl of c?«^o/^ praftifcth with
the Dutchefs of BHr/;)W_y againft the King ; he is fen t by King PfciZ/p into England, and
is committed to the Tower. He«r^ 7. hisChappelfinifhed, and fo is the Savoy; ih;
King dyeth : to him fucceeds his fon Henry 8.37 years. Empfon and Dudley, who were
irtiploytd in the former Kings time about the Penal-Laws, are now executed:He makes
aLeague with the Emperour and Spaniard. The King of Denmark, having fallen out
with his LordSj cometh into Svotland, and is reftored by the Scots. The Hollanders for
robbing the.Kings Merchants, aretaken, and their heads cut off, and fent to the King
in barrels. The King is dtdared Protector of the Faith, by the Pope.
In theChurch, Pope y^/wd«d'er fits yet. -?forztf regains A'/i/dn from the Pope. "Bor^ijf ta-
keth the Ducchy of Vrbm and Camerinum. The Pope, by the Butlers niiftake, is poy-
foned, with that (;up which he had provided for Ibme Cardinals. Pius 3. fucceedcd
26dayes, then Jw/iw 2 . loyears; hewasabetter Souldierthen Scholar; he is af-
fifted by the French againft Bentivolo an ufurper in Eononia,who refignes it to the Pope.
'Borgia efcapeth prifon in Spain ; he isflain after he was made General by the King of
^^a^'(lr. ThePope,by the Emperors and French help, recoyercth divers places from
the Venetians. In Germany appeared bloody Crofles upon peoples garments. The
Boors of 5^f)ire rife againft the Monafterieg and Clergy, refufingtopayTythes. The
Kingdom of Congo converted to Chriftianity.
rearsufcyil}
In the Eaft, Bajazef intended to make Achmei his eldcft fon fucccflbr ; but the Baflas let up
Selymus : hajazet rctireth himfelf, and is poyfoncd by Selymus ; he flew two Pages for
lamenting the death of "inijazet their Lord, and his father. Selymus reigned 8 years : he
murthercdfiveof ^cfcmef/ children, and ftrangleth his brother. The Plague at Co?i/?a«-
tirap/efweeps away 1 60000 people. Se/jm/w takes divers places from the Periian, and
makes War upon Hungary, and Eg)p alfo, becaufc Campjon Gaure the Sultan, took part
with the Perfian: In the taking of .<4/eppo, the Sultan is trodden to death. .Sjrja fub-
mitteth. Se/>mMj with reveCcnce enters Jerufalem, and gives to the ChriftianPriefts 6
moneths allowance. TonemkrKJ the Sultan is overthrown at Gajre,' and hanged. Ga-
zelles made Lieutenant of Syria. As SelynMs was preparing againft the Ghrifiians, heis
ftruck with a Canker in his back,which rots his flcft, and fo he died. In the Weft, there
are troubles between the Duke of Srf:^o?jy andBifhop oi Mentz,. Germany divided into
ID Provinces iri a Dyet at Triers. The Synods of Pi/a and T'oures called againft the
Pope, are nullified by the Emperor in a Dyet at Co/m. The Emperoi' expels the Vene-
tians out of Lorrbardy : the Emperour meets the Kings of Potoiand Bofcewia at Fienna,
about the fucccffion of thefe Kingdoms, if La^i/7aw fliould die without iflTic. The
Emperors Army for want of pay forfakehim: he therefore makes peace with Frawe.
ITpoii /Waxzm/7i(r«j death, Charles oi Spai?; carrieth the Empirefroni Franck q{ France.
He reigned 38 years. TheFienchbefiegethe Pope and Cjrdinals in Eolofina, but are
forced to give off for want of food. TheFrench kill the Switzers Amb.iflador going
for l\otre\ thrrcforetheydcnounce Waragainft them : they refufe to compound^ and
invade Mi/((«. TheFrench lofe all in Jfafy, by withdrawing their forces thence againft
iheEnyiilh. Lewk cannot recover Mitoz. He makes peace with the Pope, and wiih
Fw^/awr/, and then dyeth. TheSwitzers invade Burgundy. To Lewif fuccetdethFra«r;/|
the fiilt 3 3 years. He regains Milctn,znd meets the Pope at Bo/ogMa.The French and Svyic-'
T 1 1 1 acrs
-1510
A brief Chronolo^je
>s«fCh;r(t.
z rs Leatuc agairift the Spaniards, take 7ripolk. Ferdimtid uniceth Navar to Caftik
by tx elling JohnJlbert. The Molhcccst^ken by thePortugalSj and the river Platad'iC-
covered. Ferdinand languifhcth anddveth of a Love-potion.- Charles Ion to Fhili^
fucceedeth 43 vears. Joan and her husband die, having atttnif ttd in vain to recover
Ni}var. TheTartars invade KK/^a, and are beaten back. Swo/e«/co taken by the Mut-
cnvites; they arc defeated by the Polander at Boryfthenes. The King of Poland tmkes
VVar againft th' M ■ rqnis of B'-andeburg lYl.iftcr o^ the Teutonickf, for not fwearing ho-
mage to him. The Hungariansand Turks invade each others Lands. The King oiHun-
gwy dyeth, his Ton a childe tuccccds 1 1 years. The Lubeckers fpoil Vettmark, and ajlift
theSwedts: the Hollanderhelps the King: a peaccatlaft with him is concluded, dnd
the Su'fdcs excluded. TheKingdyeth ; his f on Cfcri/?iern Uicceeds lo years : He with
theBifh-'pot Vpfale^lot to reduce tlie Swedes, therefore he befiegeth Stockholm, but
gives off, for want of neceflarics ; He takes the Town at laft, Ipoils it, exercilcth
ftrangecrucltii.s, and returns to De?ffK(iff^. .V/ensS'fwre the younger made Governor of
Smedeland; hedcpofcth thi BiHiopofT//*^??, who was reftored upon the death of 5teno,
and taking of Stockholm. In Bohemia., Lewif an Infant-King is brought up by Gecf'ge
Marquis of Brmdeburg. The Venetians league ivith the Pope and ^rrt^o^againft France.
Fe«/cerecoveiethBrw/a. The Switzers Joy n with them aeainft the French: The Em-
perour beats them at Vicenza: they league with the French, and quarrel with the Pobe,
and relieve Fice/iZd The French reftore Verona to them. The Duke of Gueldexs rakes
divers places from the Burgundians,and makes War againft Vtricht: by the quarrelling
of' Saxony with the Earls of Fmbden^ for Grcning, FriCia 's waftd. The Duke of
5'dxo«)' refigneth Frifland for money. Charles takes pofledion of Belgium, and goeth into
.^prtin. Peter a notable Pyratf, furprifeth Home. Kmf. henry fits down before T:ut-
fcyn--, the Emperour takcthpayof him. The Lord Varcy fent with forces tojRer-
dinand tht Kings. Father in Law, againft tlic Moois. Marquifs Dorjet invadeth
Afidtaine, but the Flux in his Army drives him bsck again. Turwyfi and T'ournay
taken; the French defeated in the b.ttel ot- Sfirs, which- were then much employed
ill th^horfesfid^s when they fl'd. King James of Scotland dcfedted and flain at Flow-
d n. TheFrench by tKe R hodians invade Su'^i'x , and Sir Join Wallop Normandy : peace
with France. Mtrji the Kings lifter, and Queen of France, upon the death of King
Lewi*-, rfturneth j.ardmarrieth Charles Brandon. Peace for 3 years with Scotland,
Cardinal JVolfey (frtftefh the Star-Chamber, and Court of Requtfts: the Appren-
tices rife againft Strangers : the Sweating ficknefs. Tomiay nftored to the French.
The Emperour, and Cardinal Campeim arrive in England. Barton the Scots Pyratc
takfth 13 Englifh Ships'. James 5. reigneth in Scotland 50 yfars: the Queen wi-
dow is Regent whileft a widow , and the Duke of Albany Tutor: by marrying
Archibald T>oiglas, fhclofeth her Regency ; ftie is delivered of a daughter in England ^
afterward married to the Earl of Lenox: Douglas and Hume diftu.b the Kingdom;
Arramnd Hume commined. Vunbarburnt by the Humes ; the Rebels are pardoned:
The Regent leaveth feven Deputies, and faileth into France. Angus and Arran
differ.
In the Church, Pope Julius fits yet; He Excommunicates the Kings of Frame and
Navar: In a Battell on Ea(}er day, he lofeth 16000 men, and Ravenna to the
French. HebeginsSt.Peferi Church in the Vatican. Leo the 10. fuccedcth 8 years:
he continues the Latcran Councel : He bought Mutina of the Emperour for
50000 crowns. He helpeth ^S'forssa againft France; He gives Vrbin to his Nephew,
Nwho the next year loft it. He made 5 1 Cardinals ; he ft; angled Cardinal Petrucci for
confpii ing : He recovers Parma and Placentia : The Councel at Jours decreeth, that
the Pope ftiould be forced to call a General Councel, if he will not hearken
to Peace. The Lateran Councel rejeftcth that of Pifa, called by the Emperour and
French againft the Pope. The Pifan removed to Mi'Jan. Luther difputes
againft Indulgences, fent abroad by the Archbilhop of Mentz to p.iy for his
Pall. The Pope and French King ftrivc to abolifh the Pragmatical Sanftion.
The Complutenfian Bible fet out by Cardinal Ximenes, containing the Hebrew,
Chaldee, Greek and Latine. Luther fets abroad Jhefes againft Indulgences.
Luther confers with Cajetan at Aufpurg. Eccius difputes with Carolojiadius at
Lif>/rc about Fice-Willj and with Luther, about the Popes Supremacy, and
Purgatory.
In
of the principal ^ajfages^b^c.
IntheE-ift, 5o/;7na«che Magnificent reigns 47 years; Gazelles the Rebel is killed in bat-
tel ; Solynidii cikes divers Tuv/iis t'roiii the Hungarians : he attenipteth Chivs in vain : af-
ter 6 nioneths aliault, he takes Rhodes, and dilhuirtth with honour Viliers the Gover-
nour : A mutiuy at Conliantim^le among the "fanifaries. Als Beg a King in Armenia, with
his four fons are killed t y Solyman, who pofltfled his Kingdom : Ke beats Lewis oiHun-
gary, and takts Buda : he denounceth war againft Ferdiiwido King of Bohemia, and pi o-
tefts John Setiuftus : he kills the cowardly Souldiers in theCaftle of Buda, but freed the
Captain for his valour : He givesofF thefiege of Fie««a, having loft 80000 men. In
the VVtftj the Emperor invadeih Picardy. The Pope, Emperour, Englifti, Italy and Au-
flria league acainft Trance : The Imperialifts beat the French and Switzers neci Milan.
The B jors of Germany, whereof 50000 wereflaln, rofc againft the NobiJity. Marjeilrs
befieged by Bourbon, who lldtd with Charles. Alantua made a Dutchy. King Franeis t.;keii
atthefiegcof ?a^ia. The French King, rekaled. The Emperour abrogates the Popes
power in S^ain, and takes Milan from Sforza. Rome taken and plundrtd by Bourbon.
2Vtip/ei b.liegtd by the French. The Biihop of Vtricht refignes his tcmporalitits to
Charles. War made on the Papifts by Saxony and Heffe, Sforza recovers Milan for 5 00 00
Croxvns : He makes peace with Fenice. The French take fome places from Charles : the
Caftleof M/Awy-elds to the French, and a great part of Lomhardy. Bo«rto« railed from
Marfeilcs by the French : The King is forced to promile that he will renounce his right
in Naples, Milan and other places, to reftore Burgundy, and to pay aooooocrowns. The
holy League between France,England, Venice, Milan and the Pope againft Charles. Lajca-
ris and Bud.-'us caul'e the Library at Fountainbleau to be (ct up. The Kings ranfome paid
ztCambray and the hoftigesreftored. The Spaniards take Mmco. Henry of Navar who
fided with the French, beaten by theCaftilians. Brandeburg fwears fealty to thi Pulan-
der, and is made Duke of Rwjia. Mdjfowd efcheated to the Crown of PoW«<f. The Po-
landers beat the Tartars, and take their Prince. Ddwl'^ rebelleth. The King of Hun-
gary drowned in a ditch, and his Nubility flain in the battel at Mohats. Sefkftus Vayvod
of Ddcid expelled by Ferdinand: Solyman protcfts him, and invadeth Hungary with
150000 Turks. The King of Dewmdr^ expelled , and flyeth into Germ(in> and Eng-
land: Frederick^ Duke of Holft, Ctri/?ier«'s Uncle,is chofen King; heleagueth with the
Swedes : their Governor Gufiavm, Niphew to Stem the elder, embraccth Lutheranifm,
and is crowned King. Ferdinand of ^«/?ri(i chofen King of Bofcemirf. F'e/ncehtlps H««-
gary with money againft the Turk : A peace concluded at Cambray between the Empe-
rour, Venetians, French, andMilanois. ThGucldrois take Newport y and opprefs
Frifia: Cfc<ir/e.$.(end.th forces againft thtm. ThtGueldrois fpoilHo//<inrfj they torce
BoJleditC to pay Taxes: The women of Hague mutiny againft the Cuflpraers. The Duke
ot Gueldres makes a Lc.igue with the Burgundian. Vtricht expels the Biihop, and calls
in the Duke of Gueldres : the Hague taken by his forces : they are expelled by the Em-
perour, who re-cftabli,'hed tilt Biihop: the Mutineers executed, and peace between
the Duke and Bi'hop. In England, Buckingham beheaded for Treafon: the French are
imprifoned in England^ for iome wrongsdone by them to theEnglifh. Th-: Pope ftiks
the King,Defendc-r of th; Faith. The Lord Admiral taketh Morlays in Eritahy. The Em-
peror is in Ew^/rtniaffianad to the Lidy Mary. Scotland is invaded by the Englifb, and
France by the Duke of ^"«jfo//;^: 5«rr)i burnetii divcrsTownsirt .S'cof/aH^i: the King re
ceiveth from the Pope a Role of gold. Greerawict-Cafll^ built. Truce with France ar,d
Scotland: The ning quarrels with the Emperour, for not marrying his daughter. K l-
dare acciifed and acquitted. The Pope difpenfeth with IVoljey to diflblve 4 Monaft ries.
The fedition in SMffo/i^appeafed: Cardinal Camfem comes into England zbont the Kings
divorce ; Comniifsioners chofen for the Queen, who appealeth to the Pope ; the mar-
riage made unlaw full by fome Univerfities. In Scotland, the Earl of AnguSjZnd hh bro-
ther are banifhed by the Regent, who goeth again into France for aid againft the Eng-
liih:He religneth ; the Qneen, and fome others made Regents : the Queen cafts off An-
gus, and marrieth Henry Stuart Earl ot Metbwen ; who are both con-.mitted by the King,
who now alTumes the Government ; Angus flyeth into England; Bothwel convifted, and
Archibald Douglas baniftied.
In the Church, Leo fits yet : he executeth the Tyrant of Perugia, for aifling the Duke
of Vrbin. To him fucceeded the Emperors Tutor Hadrian 6. Smcneths: he took
Parma dnd Placentia. Clement y. fucceeds ioye3rS5hehadbeena Knight of St. John
of Jerusalem : he is befieged in the Caftle of St. Angela by the Cotumnii, who ivafte
Kome and the Vatican. He warreth againft Sema and Naples, and is reconciled to
Charles. Lu.her is Excommunicate, and his Books burnt, who in requital burns the
Popes Bull, and Canon-Law, and writes the Babylonian-Captivity.: He jtiftifies his
Doftrine before the Emperour itWormes. King Henry -writes againft him, and is
T 1 1 1 2 inCwticd
rears of ChUrr,
1^20
A brief Qhronohzie
1530-
aiifvvered by him: ZU-inilm z.nA Qecokm^adm ^re^-zh. uligwum : Carolofladm]oyns
■with Luthey^ the Pope complaiiud agalnftin the Dkt o\ Nr'iiberg: two Monk?
fiitfer at Bntxels for chant'ing their R-eligion. Lutheranilm received in divers piaccs.
TheCapuchinsOrderinftitutidby Balfcay oi Jncom. Anabaptifts Ipread. Occolam-
futdiii! and 7Mnglm differ from Luther about the Sacrament: at Berne and there about,
and at .S'fraj&wrgjand Ba/iA the Made is abolillied : the Eleftor and Landigrave pro-
tefting againft the Edift, brought in the name oi Vrotejiants : Dilpuiations hcldih
divers places. ■ '
In tlie Eaft,SoZ;iw(r«fetlfthZofc« in HHneaO' as his Tributary ; hea(TauItsGH/i/r!<m 13 times,
aiidis repulTed; at hft upon thecommingof thelmpcrialifts,he raifcth the iic e : He
invadts Hmigdry again with a vaft Army; his General is flain •, he carriah away 30000
Captives : he makes Bur^drM/Ta the Pyrat his Admiral: he takes TwJw-, and loUtti it to
Chads : He takes many places 'rom the Ptrfian : u;on the inftigation of RoxaLinah'is
mother , he cuts the throat of Ibrahim. The French King draws the Turks into A'^ulia,
who fpoil it,and take divers places^ //wrirt takesa partofthe'rFlect. Ear^.r/^^raV Fleet
beaten at Crefe by the Venetians j jn a ftorni lielofeth manvGallies and 20000 mtn:
He recovers CdjJro Novum. 7004)rifoners burnt at C<jn|tofi«op/e by a cafual fire. In the
Weft, the Emperour is crowned King o* Lorribardy at Bon nia-, ,1 nd tak( s Florence Ferdi-
<//n<i«</ the Emperours brother is crowned King of the Rom:>ns. In the war between
Tigwum and the Cantons, Zuinglius was killed. Charls rtftoi.th Mukiil^es to Tunis.
Sforza dying without ifTue, Millan is efche ated to the En pe ror. the Fre nch claim it, and
fo a war is ofcalioned. Truce between the Emperoin ni\d French for 10 years The
war between Brd/J^c^wrg ard the No'/«/)ertrer^ taken UP. The Dutchy of Britany united
to theCrownofFrrt«(,e. The French Kings Ambafladour put to death at M/'/(J«, be-
cauft one of his company flew a Citizen. The French war with Savoy: Francis the
Dolphin poifoned by theEirl of Mount e-Cucullo ., who was therefore torn ly wilde
horles: kt Liihoii, an Earthquake Lifted 8 daycs, which overthrew 1500. honfes and
many Churches. Perw is now found out. The King of Crtmtrtirt killed by theFortugals.
The Turks and Portugals have wars in the Indies. ThcMufcovite: waft. Lif«ii«iir, and
are driven out. Critti's '''olymans favourite fetlcth Hwiiiary ; hekils theBilhop ot Frf'"-
radrnum .. and for this is killed hinifelf by the Tranfilvanians. It is agreed that in
Hungary Ferdinand fl^otild fuccccd to lohn- Solymm fubducth Moldavia , and reftores the
Vayvod; the King dieth with too much juy that liis Qii^ecn wasdeliveied ofa fonnc.
Chri(iiern fti iving to recover Venmarl\., is iinprifoned 27 years at ^underherg. Fre-
derick dii.ih, \\ ho leaves a young fon. Cotint O/iAv/tw'g nnelertakes the Regency , be-
caufe Chrifiinn Duke of Hi 1ft rtfufed it ; btit at laftaccepteth it , tak s Cofenhagen^ and
fetkth the Kingdeme; heis crowned,anJ call. dC/jri/?/cr// 3. hechangethBilliops into
Sr.ifjerincendents. Swo/jrJ rebels againft the Swedes; but is reduced by ihe Danes help.
The Venetians arc Neuters in thcTurkifh war againft Hwigiiry: they beat theTuiks
at Sea, and take ^(TJmBr^ the Pyrate. Biirharu^a takes from C&J'Cj'riJ 16000 Captives,
who are (old at Conf\antino^le. Two Tut kJfli Gallies burnt hvCmtarenus in the Gulph,.
for not fti iking their Tep-faile. They made peace with Solyman , btcaufc the Spaniard
refuled to deliver Crt/?ro r.ovum\ they are forced to give up Nauplum^ and fnnv other
pkccs to cheTtnk. By an inundation in the Netherlands, 404 PaiiOes arc drowned :
A/iirv of Jiift-ia is Reci nt of Flanders : Anabaptifts executed at Amfterdam : Lubeck, quar-
rcls with Holland^ foraflifting Chrifiiem King of Denmark. ■ At Velft 3300 hoiifes, with
twuChiuches,and divers Mon.ifteries burnt. The R.egent will not futfer thcEmpcrour
to relipn F/Werj and ^itwj to the French. The Dukeof C/eiie fucceedeth wGuelders.
The Gd;Uo;^ behead their Magiftrates. In Fngland., //oZ/ej isout of favotir, and I'leth.
Saint J^rrne; built. The Clergy condemned in a Premimire, and pay loooool. to the
King. Cromreeil great with the Kins;. Katherine divorced; the King niarritth Anne
"Bullcn : Peace with France : the holy Maid of Kent executed. TTie Popes power abro-
gated : The King feifeth on theFirft-frtiits and Tcnth-,and called, Head of the Church;
tor denying this, SirT^om.w Moore, and Fi/J^T Bifhop of Kochefier beheaded ; Rel ii^ious
Houfes under goo 1. value, given to the King; Queen ^Wie beheaded; ^nd Jane SeymoT
married to the King ; Rebellions in Lino Indnre., and in the North. Kildare and his 5
IIikIcs executed; the Bible read in Englifh; Oneale repulfcd by tlieLordGre)'; Anne
of Ckve married to the King, and divorced fhortly after ; The order of S. lohn of leru-
falem fnpprelTed. In Scotland,the Court of SelHons is inftitnted; hhn Scflf tafteth 50 daies
together; The Earl Boi/we/ committed for going into E«ji(in(^; TheKinggoeth into
France
of the principal TajJ^ages^^c.
Frame, and man ietliM;/c;(i'f(/t'« the Kints daughter 5 divers executed for trcafan-. The Tea-,! ufch}fi
King maniech the Duke ot Guize''s daughter. ~
In tlic Church, Clefnent 7. yet fits ; he excommunicated King Henry of Eriff^land : Vaul 3
fucctc^cth I'l years; he appoints a Synod at Md'ifHrt, and transfers it to F/rwi^d; ic
canii to nothing : the Protcftant Conlcflion made by Mehn^hon, is prcfented to
C./jnr/i in the Diet of Auj^urg-^ therefore called Cmfeijio Angujiana. Peace granted
to the Protcftants in Germany., upon news of the Turks preparation: theProte-
ftantsare perfecuted in Mz/zjaandFrdwe; the Anabaptiftg raife fedltions in Mm-
ftcr , who are taken and executed: Ge«ei'rf becomes Protcftant and expels the Bi-
ibop. Iiniatitis Layolaindkineth the Jefuites order ; the League of '•'wflfcf/Wfor the
Prottftants; A Councel at Co/eK for Reformation. The Aupuflan Faith received in
T>tnmarl\ Luther exhibites Articles at Smakald. htNorimberg is made an Anti-lea"uei
Antinomians now appear.
In the Eaft, ^oh man takes divers towns in Hungary ; fubdueth Tranfilvania, and gives it to
lohn: Barbariijfa IS Cent tohelp the French ; he takes K^egiwrn in 7fd/y , and Nice in Pro-
vince , with Ibme places in T'lijlwiy, Ifchia and Li^ari. Solyman at the French Kings re-
qutft, breaks the 5 years Peace with Cfcar/i; he fails in his expedition againft thePcr-
fian. Cfc(ir/i his expedition into /^/gieri, unfortimate; his forces fent to relieve Bwa/^/,
arebeatenby theTurk^. The French Ambafladors going to the Turk, are' killed by
the Imperialifts, which makes aw^r. Cbarls leagueth with England againft France;
Saxony and the Lantgraveare profcribed. Henry ofBrH?i/n)ic/^ taken by the Duke of
Saxony. I;;'yfrl;befiegcdjand Breme taken : theLantgrave is imprifoncd. Muleajfeshe-
ingexoculatedby h'sfon , comes to the Emperuur. M(?git'^Hrg profcribed ; and Con-
/f^rme taken by the In>pcrialifts. In FiWJce, the KorfceZ/t^rj' rebel! againft the King; the
Admiralis condemned : the Imperialifts beaten by th'- French ill Pie^/wo/U: theFrench
]nvadeEngland,they lofeBo/e«. The King dieth ; his Ton He.'zrj' 2. fucceeds 13 years;
jBcr('-(^t'(?!(xVebelleth, they are forced to burn their Privilcd^cs, by the Conftable," who
appeafcth the Rebellion in Aquitain, raifed upon the cuft:>me ofS.iIt. TheL. Vev.t'm
executed tor furrendring lolen. The Duke oi Litaania tranflacfs the Bible into the
Polanders tongue. Wars between Ferdinand ot Bohemia , znd lohn nf Hungary-, that
Country is pi igued with Locufts. Gujiafhus of Suevia obtains that the fucceiTion may
be eftablifted on his heirs. Fe)7/i«(J«</unprivi!edgeth Pnrg«e,for not helping him againft
the ElefVor. Gaunt for rebellion lofeth her priviledges and Caftf^ : The Emperour fets
aGarrifon ihne; heclaimcth theDukedome ofC/et;e: the Duke leagueth xvith the
Frcnch,they invnde Braba?it ; the Prince ofOrarige is beaten : Antwerp attempted by the
Geldrians., in vain ; they are beaten by the Schollars of Lovain. Juliers won by Charts.
The Hollanders fpoil and carry away the Kings (hips out of the river ofBurdeaux. The
£e/c'i('W prefent C/wr/j with 15000 Florens of Gold , at his return from^/rfc. The
French Queen entertained by Charts nt Brujfels : Cleve is reconciled to him: Mechlin
burnt by lightning, which fell among Powder. Some places recovered out of the Sea.
In FnglandjCiomwe/ is beheaded: The Court of Wards and Firft-fruits ereftcd : The
Lady kd'fcerme Howard married to the King, and beheaded: TheAftpafled for Supre-
macy: Thcfix bloody Articles: The King marrieth iCatfceri?ie Par, and cals himfelf
Kingof Jre7(JK(f. The .?fofJ defeated by the Duke of Worfo% the 5'f5/;prifoncrs retur-
ned without ranfome, upon the death of King Jitmej. A match propofcd between Mary
Qaeenof Scotland andPr'ince Edward; butcrofTcd by the f rearft. The Englifh enter
Scotland, burn Edenburg and Lieth. The Frencfc invade Suf^x and the IQe of JFight.. Peace
with France. Bolen reftored for 800000 crowns ; The Earl of Surry beheaded. To
King He«i7 fucceeds his fon E^wrtrff 6 years-, The Dukeof Sommeryef Proteftor; The
Scots are defeated at Mx/'^^^wgfe; Chantries fupprefled ; The Proteftorand his bro-
ther the Admiral, fall out about their wives; The Admiral executed, and the Prote-
ftor committed ; Rebellions in Cor/iwfl/, Nbrfi;//;, and in the North; the French at-
tempt Jer[e>' 3"dG(fr;ie(e)'. InSfOf/(i«(/, theKing dieth of grief ; His daughter Mdrj was
five dayes' old; The Emails QfHw»/ji, MMrrej, and /irgf/e made Regents by Cardinal Be-
ton; buttheEarlof^iTdrzbytheProteftants; TheCardinal ofSt. ^//,yi-pwinurthercd
for burning George JFifchart ; Civil! wars about Religion ; The French beilcge St. An-
drews; Cadinal Befon burnethSo(>fcoc(ir(//?2aMinifter, and is killed fhortlya^tcr: the
Englifh expelled Sfot/(JM(/; the Scots refiife offers of Peace from End.inci.
la
A brief Chronolo2Je
J 5 so-
ill the Church, PflH/ fits yet: hisfonPetr/« ^/oyyjw murthered at P/dce«fia. The City
is taken hv Goiizaga Governor oi Mil'an. Eccm a.uA Melandhon conitr about Ori-
ginal finne, at IVormes and Katishone. Xaverm the Jcluite fent to convert the Indians.
The Palatinate becomes Protcftant. HerWOTi Archbi(hop of Co/e/i ftrives to retorm
Religions but is croflTed by the Clergy and deprived. David George ftiles himfelfc
Chrift: he flieth from Velf to Eaftl. The Councel of Trent begins. The French
King flaughtereth the Waldenfes. The Proteftants aflembled at Frankfort againft
the Councel of Trenf. The Inquifition caufeth a fedition in Nuphs. Councels held
at Aug>urg,Coleny Mentz, zr\d7revers. A Schifme among the Proteftants, by pub-
lifliing the Emperors Interim concerning obfervation ot Indifferent matters, during
the C(juncel of Trent. Spira died defpaiiing. In France; the Proteftants are per-
fccuted. Divers Conferences held.
In the Eaft, the Turkifti Pyrats do much mifchief -, they take Trifolis in Barbary.^ Solyman
ftrangles his Ton Mujla^ba, by Rcxalano's inftigation, that her fon Eajazet might fuc -
ceed. HalyBajfa attempteth ^grirt in vain. The Venetians fack Vyrrachiuniy a Harbor
of the Turks. The Duke of Florence his lands fpoiKd by the Turks; fo is Cor/fcd.
Hdy'EajfabeztenfromZigetb. Eajazet (ets up a hlih Niuftaf ha againft his father; he is
pardoned at the requeft of Roxalana. Bajazet afpireth again, and flieth to the Perfian,
who ftrangled him and his four fons, .?o/>7r<l«confeniing to it. In the Weft, Mag-
deburgishede^edhy Saxony, Brwj/w/c^, and Brandeburg. Charles and Ferdinand differ a-
bout the fucceiliori of the Empire. Saxony and the Landjgrave relcafcd. The French
takeMetz. Maurice killed by Brdnt/eWg in battel. The French fpoil Ariois and Hemult.
The Emperor refigns his kingdom to Thilip his foh, and enters into a Monaftery,where
he died: In the Empire his brother Fer^iflflMi fucceedcth 6 years-, the t'ope refufeth
to confirm him, becaufe he gave peace to the Proteftants. The French king takes 22
fhipsotZea/iWtijTvith Tome places : the Emperor and French king fpoileeach others
territories; Cafal taken by the French; they are beaten at fea by the Flemings;
S.^zH/Jw taken. France makes peace ivith Spain, and vt&otti Savoy mdViemont to
the Duke: the King kilhd at Tilt by Montgomery; his fonne Francis 2. fucceeded:
great faftions between the Ghifes and the Conftable: the King dieth; to hm Charles
9. his brother (ucceedtd 13 ytars; his mother m;.de Regent. Japan about this time
difcovertd. In Spain, King Pfci/zp caufeth 28 Gentlemen to be burned for Rtligion.
The Polander forceth the Mafter of the Teutonicks to fwear fealty to him. The Muf-
covitcs iuvad Livotiia. The Qneen of Hmigary rcfigneth Ir anftlvania to Ferdmand^v;ho
giveth her Cd/ma and 100000 Ducats yearly. Vobm for his ftrvice againft the Turks
at Agria, is made Vayvod oiTranfibania. To Chrijliern 3. of De^zmarj^ fucceeded his fon
Frederick^!. 29 years; he forced the Piettm(tr/ra?i) (who made thcmfelves members of
the Church of Breme} tofubmit to him. In an Aflembly at Brk/e/j, the Emperor rc-
figneth the Collar of the Golden-fleece to Pfoi/ip, with the Low-Countrits,who makes
theDukeof5(Jw>Generall there; He is oppofed in his Taxes. At B'-uifels there died
of Famine and Cold, 19000. The French take Crt/ice, Dw/t^ir^, and G«i««j Vunk^rk^
recovered by Count Egmont, with the loflc of 15C00 French In England^ the Duke
of Somerjet beheaded ; Cbrifis-Hofpital in Lmdon founded : the King dieth ; by his Will
Jane daughter to the Duke of Suffolk^ fticuld have fucceeded , flie is proclaimed by
Horthumhtrland and others, who fuffered for it; but Mary fucceeded <5 yares, who
put to death the Lady Jane, with her husband and father; ^tff rebelleth; Car-
dinal Poole made Archbiftiop oi Canterbwy ; the Queen marrieth with King Pfof/i;*;
S. ^iiitins taken by the Englifti. To Q. Mary fucceeded Elizabeth 44 years ; Calice is
demanded ; the French aid the Scots againft the Englifh ; the Queen aideth the Scots
Lords, Lieth befieged by the Lord Gra> ; the Queen-Dt)wager of 5'cof/a«rf entertained
in England, (he is made Regent of Scotland, the old Regent Duke o\ Chafielault;
H«nt/y is committed : the Scots invade England, and are repelled; Knox -with, the o-
thtr Proteftants put to the Horn ; they take Ghfiow and Blackiiejfe,
In the Church, J«/Jw 3. fits 5 years : He keepeth the Jtibile5and continueth theCouncel
ot: 7rent ; he betrayeth Sena to the Emperor. To him fucceeded M<trcel/uf2. 2 1 dayts:
then Faul ^. 4 years; to him the Romans erefted a Marble-ftatuc,for enlarging their
priviledges ; He refuftth to confirm King Philip oiNaples : He diethjand the Romans
cut offthe head and rif ht-hand of his ftatue,and fling it into Tyber. ThcProtcftant-
Minifters are expelled Aujpwg; Ofiander and the Profeflbrs oi Wiiienherg differ a-
bout Juftification. Mary the Regent oppofcth the Inquifition in the Low-Countries.
The Proteftants differabouttheNecelJity of Good works, .'^ervetus the Arian burnt at
Geneva.
of the principal ¥afages^5<ic.
Geneva. Proteftants perfecuted in England; Latimer, Ridley, and Cranmer burnt.
ThcxAgreemcnc itPalfau confirmed. The body of David George taken out of his
gravcjandburnt, 3 years after his burial. The Catholiques and Proteftants confer
at //ormpj, and fo at Weftminfter : ktAufj>Hrg, peace confirmed to the Proteftants.
tiugonots in France/o called frdm S.Hugo's Gate, where thty uled to aflenible in 7ours.
In the Eafty Solymah yiet reTgneth : feme Chriftiart Princes attempt Trifolif, but TM Baffa
deftateth them : Malt'd bcfieged by the Turks in vain ; they are forted to be gone after
5 mbneths,andrheloflreof24doo inen : Solyman makes peace with the Emperor : Pial
^rtjfTa fubdueth C/;wJr for aiding; Matta, after it had been poflefled by Gm«d»20o yearg.
Zigeth is taken; at the fiegc thereof J^o/yma/z died : liis fon Selymiis i. fuccecded 8 years 5
he riittkcs peace with Verfia., Hv.rkflry and Verne ; he invadeth Scythia with lofle ; he de- .
mandeth Cyprus from the Venetians, who refufe to part with it, fo the peace is broken.
In the Weft, Ferdinand the Emperor d'eth : His fon Maximilian 2. fucceedeth 12 years ;
he m^kes 8 years peace with the Turk. In Fra/ice, Co?»^e who was cond-mnedtbd re,
isrelealed; the Kihg ofMtvar forfakcs the Proteftants. The tjattcl of Vreux in Nor-
niandy, where the King ofNoi^ar i$flaih,with 9000 on both tides, and Co«(/e taken ; the
Diike of Guife flain at the ficge oi Orleans. The Ho ly-Le ague With .S"]mi;>i againft the
Proteftants. Within this Decad -were 3 Civil- wars for Religion in Frawe : .The
Prince of Co«(/e is aided by C(T/?OTir ivith 3000 men; the King with as many by the
Duke of Sdxony; After a battel. Liberty of Confcience is granted: The Prince of
Conde is taken, and flain with a piftol : The King taketh S.John de Angela. King Philip
of Spain giveth 30060 Ducats towards the Printing of the Com|r/Kfe«f,BiWeaty^«f-B'er().
In the Coiincel of !r''e«f, Frfl«reand Spai?j ftrive for preced ncie. The ThBi^ind'S are
difcover;d. The Inquifitors qdeftion the Archbifhop oi 'Toledo'. The Diike of Alva
xommeth i^ito Flafiders. Prince Charles accufed by the Inquiliitors, dieth inprlfon.
The Spaniards and Moors of Granado at war 2 years. The King of Pofo«i league th
Tvith Z)e«wari^ againft the Swedes. The Teutonick-Mafter fubmits to the Polander,
and is made Duke of 0<r/a//^. The Mufcovite is beaten by thePolacs and Livonians,
and lofeth 5000 laden wagons. The King recovereth Parnovia inSweddand; he
overthrows the Swedes in Livonia, and abridgethDdwi^^af divers priviledgcs. Maxi-
milian and Mary are crowned King and Queen of Hungary : the Tartars wafte the
Country: the Turk bcficgetb Zigetfe, and takes divers Towns there. BreTJe cidjudged
by the Emperor to be under the government of Denmark^ and Holfl. The Hamburgers
l;ake fomeof the Kings (hips in thefe7t;e,for which they are forc'd to pay 1 2000 crowns.
The King and Lubekers take the Caiftle, Town and Harbor of E//efji«rg in Swedeland.
The Polander intercepteth fome Danilh fhips •, the King hindreth the Trade at T>ansi[,
till they were fain to redeem it with 1 00000 Crowns. Ericus ofSwtd.Iand fortifieth
Kevalia, and hinders the Lubekers trade, by which he made the Polander and Dane his
enemies; He is beaten offfromthe fiegeofHe(me/}aif inrenmari;^; he tzknhDrentham
in Norway, and lofeth it again ; He imprifoneth his brother John and his fon , upon
{ufpition that they fomented thefc wars, by lending mony to the Dane •, he kills alio
many of his beft friends upon jealoufie; he rcleafeih his brother, and is depofed and
imprifoned: His brother John 3. fucceedeth 23 years. Veniije will not admit the
Pop^s Inquifition. The Arfenal burnt ; whereupon Selymm invadeth Cyprus. 14
Bifhopricks ercfted in the Low-Countries, at which the people repine, for fo the Inqui-
fition was brought in; CountEgmontfent with complaints to the King, but no fatis-
faclory anfwer; the King commandeth obedience to the CoUncel of 7rc«t, aid to the
Inquifition, and execution of former Edifts : The Nobles, upon the execution of the
Kings Letters, begin to ftand upon their guard ; Images are defaced, and Proteftants
permitted at Antwerp to build Churches : Proteftantifme is again inhibited : the Re-
gent taketh arms. Valencims taken,for favouring Proteftants. Alva commits the Earls
of E<imr/Ht and Hor«, and builds y^Wwerp-Caftle: Horn and Egmont, with others, exe-
cuted. The Prince of Orange his eldcft ion is fent into Spain : The Prince oWrange and
his brother take arn-s, and are driven into Frame by the Duke, who brings in the new
Bifhops, and fetleth the Inquifition : Multitudes of people forfakc the Netherlands ;
Traffiquewith E?zg/(Z«(/ ceafeth. The Scots Queen quartereth the Englifli Arms, and
ilTumeth theTitksof E?jg/(iH^ and Jre/W, by the advice of the Guijes. The Queen of
England feeketh to reconcile the faftions in Er<rnce,and fends the Earl of Be^^ord'thitfur;
(hehelpeth the Proteftants, takes ATe-B'-foafe/J, Rohan, andPee/>, which were loft again.
Shan-Oneal the Rebel is pardoned by the Queen; but he returns and rebelleth again.
Leicefter defigned by Queen Elizabeth, for Queen Maries Husband o{ Scotland. Oneal de-
feated by 5i<i(Hej the Lord Deputy, and flain by the wilde Stots. Thornton committed,
for
Tears of Ch, ill-
— -1560
A brief Qhronolo^ie
.Teaysofchiifl,
1570
for making doubts about Qiicen Maries Title. Queen Elizabeth Godmother to the
Prince of .S'Cflt/Wi Beiffor^ is the Deputy. She demands C<j/ice, and is refiifed. Queen
Mary caft upon theCoaft of England in her flight. Northumberland and IFeflmrrland te-
bell, and are driven into .^cof/^jK^/. The Duke of ATorfu/J'^ committed, for intending to
marry Queen Mary. The Fre«cfc expelled Scotland. Queen Elizabeth refuleth to declare
Queen Mary Heirc. The Queens bale-brother made Earl of Murray : Earl Hun'ly (lain,
and his Son beheaded : Bothwel cfcapeth : Archbifhop of S. Jndrews committed for
keeping Mafic : The Queen falls in love with the Lord Vernly , and makes him Earle
of Roffe and Duke of Albany ; He marrieth the Qu^ecn, and is proclaimed King : divers
Lords flie into £«g/<ff/</, return, and are reconciled : Riziui the Qiicens favourite mur-
thered , xvhereupon Morton and others flie into England. The King murthered
hjBothwel, who marrieth the Queen •, fhe is taken, and refigneth; lie flieth into
Benmar^^ arid there dieth in prifon: Murray made Regent. James 6, reigneth 57 years.
The Queens forces defeated 5 flic flieth towards f r<w;cejb«t is flopped in Englattd.
In the Church, TiM 4. fitteth 5 years : he ftiangled Cardinal Caraffa with fome others
for oppofing him in the Conclave: He comes ,to theCoimcel of Trent, and diflbl-
veth it : He citeth the Queen ofNavar, being a Proteftant, to Rome ; the French king
protefteth her. Pius 5. fuccccded 6 years : He fupplies the Emperor with money
towards the Turkifli war : Heftnds to theDuke of Alva for his fervice againft the
Proteftants, aConfecratedHelmet, anda Pair of Gantlets. The King of Mduritania
is baptifed. KtPajJdu in France, is a Conference between the Cardinal of Lorain
and the Bifliops, and Peter Martyr,Marlorat,^ni Beza. The Proteftants are murthered
in a Church at ParU. The Councel of Trent cndeth. Religion in France is tolerated
by the Kings Proclamation. The Pope difpenftth with the Bavarians and Auftrians
to receive in both kinds. At Jntrvtrpy Lutherans and Catholiques joyn againft the
Calvinifts. A Councel is held at Milan ; divers Conferences in Germany between the
Lutherans and ZuinglianS.
In the Eaft, Pial Bajfa takes Nicofta in Cyfrus, with 250 Ficld-peeces, and many Captives,
which as he was conveying to Confiantino^le, the fhip was fired by a Lady , and they all
were blown up. Fitmagujia is taken by Muflapha, who fallificd his promlfe to Bragadinus
the Governor, whom he flea'd alive. At Lepanto the Turks loft 32000 men, 3200
prifoncrs, 161 gallies, with much wealth. SelymusbytresCoTitzkes Moldavia, and
antrtxeth it to Valachia, he kills alfo theVayvod; He makes peace with Venice. To
himfuccecdeth his fon Amurath 5. 21 years: He looks upon the ftrangling of hi,s
five brothers : He invadeth Polonia, and burnt 200 Gentlemens houfes, with fome
Towns and Villages; tben he makes a league with the Polandcr : Hearine there
were Civil wars in Fer/i«, he invades the Country with iioooo men, of which the
Perlian cut ofF7O00o. Syrvantakeiy by Mu(iafha, who lofeth 1 0000 of his forragers,
and lb returns difgracefully, anddicth. In the Weft, the Emperor appointeth his
{or\ HodolphtoheKingof Hungary ; he makes the Marquis of Montferrat Duke. Ro-
dc/lphus is chofen King of the Romans and of Bohemia, and fuCceedeth in the Empire
tohisfathcrMflxi'ni//(?H37 years. 5a/e?2finw Archbifhop of Co/e« refigneth, and mar-
rieth Count Arnebergs daughter. In France, the Qiieen ofNavar iccures her felfe
withher fon in TlorfoeZ; flie dieth, and her fon marrieth the Kings fifter, upon which
followed the 4. Civil war, the Mafliicre of Paris, and war with Kochel. Navar and Conde
renounce Protcftanifm : with Kccfoe/ and MoMf-yf/&dH a peace is concluded. Henry the
Kings brother eleftcd King of Poland : Montgomoj executed: The King dieth; to
whom fucceeded his brother He«rj 3. i6years, theQtietn-mother is Regent; Conde
i-emoveth into Germtf«)i ; the 5. Civil war followed, D"" Auvik takes theProtcft.ints
part; The Germans invade Frirwe by Co«^eJ means ; Atoarcfcapesinto Pifrtrr/y-, Tlie
GHi/w aim at the Crown; the Duke ofAlenfonthe Kines brother, head of the Pro-
teftants, is reconciled to the King. A 6.Civil war wasbegining, bur the King was
100 millions in debt : AWar takes arms; lyAuvile leavcth the Prottftants; pearc is
made with Conde. TheOrderofthcHoly-Ghoft was now inftituted. Don Bequiefcens
lent Governor into Belgium, and after him Don Johno\ Auflria. y^w/werp is taken by
the S^aniird. Sehafiian of ^ovtn^xX in his Africk expedition is killed, to whom fuc-
cecded Henry the Cardinal. SigijmundKmg of Poland, and laft of Jitgel/o''s line, dieth ;
the French kings brother Henry Duke of Bourbon isclefted; He nnderftaiuling his
brother was dead, gets away in the dark out ot Cracovia. Maximilian the Emperor is
chofenby the greater part, but at the Turks intreaty5ttT«i Prince ofTranfilvania is
made King ; lie reigned 1 1 years : He takes Dmisk^ aiid ufeth it hardly. Livonia
fpoilcd
1
of the principal ^affci^es , Sec.
i'poiltdby thcMiifcovice; the Dane and Swede; make peace at Stetin: lix 'years war Tears of ch,
b^tween'theOanesaiTd Hamburgers, upon takingof one of the Kings Ships by them 5
but upon the payment ot a great fum they are reconciled to the King. Venice makes a
perpetual League with thePope and Spaniard. A Plague at Ff«/ce, which killed 70000.
"iipoii the cealii^ whereof a Church is built to the Redeemer, as the Senate and Duke
Tiad vowed before. TheF/eOT/>zgJrctufe to pay new Taxes; a great dc'ftruftion among
them by an inundation. Bergen taken by the Spaniard. Alva cull d home, and Medina
C^tii llht Govcrnour; theZelanders take much booty from him; Vie taketh divers
Towns, and returns to Spain; his fuccelTor 7;e(/«it'jc'e?j; befiegeth Leydeh twice, to no
purpofc ; he takes divers Towns, and dicth. The Spaniards mutiny for pay, arid are
expelled the Country; yofcnof ^H/faa ismade Govt'rnour; .r^/;fTPerj>isplundi'cd,and
the C.ftle difmantled; John retirethto Luxenburgy being proclaimed enemy to Be/-
gium ; a pacificatro'ji is made, and MatthiM Arch-Duke of 4H/?ria becomes Governour ;
upon the death of 'Dm John, Alexander Famejes Prince of Parma is made Governoiir ;
he takes Mifr/?nf/;f, and otlier places ; the Antwerpians drive out their Catholique
Clergy; the Ho//W-Company, called the Ghcmx, take the £r/7/: the Hollanders make
/ri/'MOT of A'affffTr Prince of Oritwge their Governour; he relieveth Leyden, and takes
divers Towns : A general pardon to all the Belglansi, except Nafaw and fome others.
Qiieen Flizabeth lendeth the Hollanders 20000 pounds ; they tzke Gaunt,Vtricht, and
many other Towns; Matthiof Arch-Duke is Governotir a while, and rcfignetli to
' Anjou ; Am(ierdam and other Towns yield to the Hollanders. In England, Dacres that
renewed the Rebellion, is defeated by the Lo rd Hiinfdon ; TFeftmertand fleeth into Flan-
^en, NorthimleHand beheaded at Tor\; The Royal Exchange biiilt ; iStory executed for
Treafon ; theDuke of Worj^o/J'^beheadcd; Sir Frdw^ DraJ'efaileth to the Indies; the
Queen is Godmother to the French Kings Daughter, her Deputy was the Earl oflFor-
cefter ; Alenfon a fuiter to the Queen ; flie reFufeth the proteftion of Holland, but
ftrivesto makepeace there; a Rebellion in /re/iWt/; Froii/^erj Voyage ; Trade with
Tmky and Mufcovj ; Alenfon now Duke of ^«/«« comes over hither ; Defmond rcbelleth.
In 5'fof/(j«c/,the Regent is flain: Mattkerv'Ea.rl of Lenox facceeds; JF/Wf/ey raifeth For-
ces in the North for the Queen ; tlie Regent takes DH«&r7ffcw Caftle, and the Arch-
Bifhop of Saint Andrews in it, whom he hangcth for confentingto the Kings murther ;
The Regent is killed, and the Earl of Mir fucceeds; Commiflioners fent by Queen
Elizabeth to examine Queen Mary upon fome Articles; Queen Ei?K(?Seffc gets Earle
Morton to be Regent; (he helpethhim; the Bifhop of Ro^^, Queen Mar/a diligent
Agent, is banifhtd England; Edenburg taken by the Proteftants ; John oi Aujlria pradjti-
feth to marry Queen "Mrtr>; the French King ftrives to get the young King into his
cuftody ; Morton difplaccd, and r 2 Peers joy ned to the King, whereof Morfw was one ;
difference betweene him and the reft ; the Lord Aubigney made a Duke by the
King.
In the Church fits Crregory 13.13 years, he makes Cofmo di Medices Great-Dukeof 7«/i
cany ; he grants to the Portugals againft the Moors a Croyfado ; his Chappel in the
Vatican \\ hich he built, flood him in 100000 Ducats. Pope Pius his BuU againft
Queen Elizabeth is faftned to the Blfhop of Lcndons g.tte. A pacification in France pub-
Jiftied and revoked. The P(?/<if7«e Divines and Anabaptifts have a .Conference ; the
Duke of Eatlen turns Proteftjnt ; Hena/Jf and ^rfoi^ exclude themfelves from the
peace of Gaunt, and are called the Male-contents ; a form of Concord drawn up by
the Divines oiAuff>urg. Three Counccls held this Decad at Milan.
IntheEaft, .S'Hwn Bfl/a goeth General againft the Pcrfianj and lofeth his men : the like
fuccefshad Mujiapha : Ferat is made Generai, who returneth without fuccefs. The
League with the Emperour renewed for 8 years, but the Turks brake the League by
invading Hw/g(?0', for which the Bafla of Eudais ftrangltd : Sinan recalled from his
banilhnunt, and made Bafla there, ^mxratfe is troubled with the Falling-ficknefs. Of-
man tsVeth Jaurif : Cicala his Succcflbr lofeth 80000 Turks. Peace is made with the
PuKmderand Periian. The Janifaries mutiny, and 15000 hoiifes burnt in Conjianti-
nopk. .SVw<(M difplaccd, andFerdt fent in his room. In the Weft, the Emperour fends
Commiliioners to Co/e« tor letlingpesice in i\\t Loye-Countries, but in vain. The Ger-
nuns that invaded France, arc defeated by the Guifes : The Polander de'cats Maximi-
lian the Archduke, and takes him : A peace is niade,and he let free. In France,^ league
ismadeagainft thcKing, for favouring the Proteftants : upon which followtth the
7. Civil War, Diveis places taken by the Guiles, who oppofe theKin^, defirous of
peace. iVtmirandCowr/eexcommunitated by thePope; they prevail in Foi^ou: Navar
gets the day at Couway, wherein Joyeuje isflain. Navar exchided from fucceinon and
Conde poyfoned. The Duke of Guije and the Cardinall his brother are flaine for
U u u u afpiring
tCfi
1580
A brief Chronohgie
fears efchrift.
159c-
afpiring. Nrffdr helpeth the King, whom the Diikc</e M(i)7j^ was liketo ftirprile. C/f-
meiit a Jacobin ftabbeth the Khig. Philip of Spain expels Antony Prior ot Crafo, whom
the PortHgals had made thtir King; he beats the P>ench who aided Antony. The Ter-
cerjj taken by the Spaniard. The Englilli and their goods arrefted in .sprfm; the Ei>g-
lifh lofe fonie Ships in Cadiz : the Armado defeated by the Englifh, who ftrive in vain
to reftore Antony. The Spaniard aideth the Savoyen againft Geneva, The Polander beats
the Mivfcovite, who at Lift furrendcrs K/ga, and all Livonia to the Polander, and makes
peace, andwithall kilshisfon forhis bad fuccefs. Dansk^h reconciled to the Queen.
King.?tet^e«dyeth: MaximiliatiDukeoi ^»(/?ria,ischoren by fome, and Si^i^mund the
King of Swedes fon by others. In Denmark^, Chriftiern the 4. reigneth. The Swedes
take divers places from the Mufcovitc. The Perfiah (endtth tp the State of Venice to
league with them againft the Turk. TheMaltefes trouble the Turks in the Venetian
leas, for which Venice and the Knights fall out. Venice fends to Amuratb 400 flaves
with 800000 Ducats, who was angry for the wrong done to the Vice-roys wife of
Algiere, by GiArielHeme, in her paflage to Conftantintfle, which Heme alfo they execu-
ted. The States totally rejeft King P^/7/p''s Government. /^«;o« made Duke of Brahmit,
Marquifs of the holy Empire, and Earl of Flanders. The Prince of Orii?;ge ftiot. Divers
Towns taken by the States. The Duke refignes the places he had taken, and returns t6
France. Orange is murthered by one Gerard : Maurice his fccond fon chofen Governourj
the elder was -a prifoner in Spain. Queen Elizabeth becomes Proteftor of the Lew-
Ceuntries; who for her money lent, rcceiveth fbnie cautionary Towns. Lekefier fent
Licutenant-Govenior; he takes fome places, and returns: the States diflike him.
The Hollanders take divers plac«s. Joumay taken by the Duke of Pflrma. The Spani-
ards take divers Towns, and recover Dunkirk^^ Gaunt, Brujfeh., Antwerp, Grave and
Few/o . Divers Forts betrayed to the Dukcjhe is driven from the fiege of Bergen-up-Zoom,
The Spaniards afliftPe/r/roM^/, and are driven out of Ireland. The Lord Gre> fu|.prcfleth
the Rebels. A Proclamation in E^/rfnrf againft Seminaries and Jefuites. Antonio o(
Portui;al comcth into England. Campim put to death. The King of Pewwrtrfe^ made
Knight of the Garter. G'^ife plottcth Queen M<J iej delivery. TferogmorfoK executed.
Vejmond flain : Northumberland confined; Arundel fent to the Tower: Northumberland
found dead in the Tower, being fhot : 14 executed forTreafon. Drake takes fome
places from the Spaniard: Praise,, Wjrr^;^ and JEf/exienttoaide Antonio oi Portugal: the
Queen fupplyeth Navar witli men and money. In Scotland, Morton is imprifoned be-
ing accukd of Trealon: theDukeof Lenox unjuftlyaccufed by the Minifters : Mertort
beheaded for being acccflary to the Kings death. The K«tfcen.f imprifon the King, and
farce him to recall /^«gw : the King is let free, confineth An^ut : GDwry executed for
Treafon. Arran And FernihurftinwAdc Ireland-^ Bingham fubdueth their forces. Queen
Mary beheaded. The King marryetb the King of Denwari^f daughter, and goeth thi-
ther himfelf.
Tn the Church, Cregpry y?t fits: Hefetsfreethe Mafter of M<i/ra, whom thdKing had
imprifoned, and reformcth the Calen.dar, which occafioned fome troubles in Poland.
To him fucceedeth Sixtus 5. 5 years, his father was a Swine-herd : He removed the
Obelisk into the Vatican, and there erefted a new Library : he made his young Ne-
phciv a Cardinal , and gives him loooo crowns revenue : He left behinde him
10 Millions; he had a Statue ercfted to him. The new Calendar rcjcfted by the
Duke of Saxony : it occafioneth troubles at Aujfiurg, and Riga in Livtnia : The Pro-
t(ft nt Princes meet 3tLl/«etKrg; the Churches of Poland, BuJJia^nd Lituania agree
in the points of Religion, wherein they had heretofore difagrecd.
InthcEaft, The Turks break the league in Hungary ; the Empcrour complains: Amu-
rath pretends ignorance: TheBaflaof £o/?w taketh ^ifz, thechief City of Croatia,
and murthereth 65000 Chriftians in the hills. He interceptcth 150 Waggons and
money fent to relieve Cro(T//(r; at Sifeg he is flain with 18000 Turks by the Imperia-
lifts: the Turks take and lole many Towns, and villages. 30000 Tartars taken by
Chrifti.ins, with many places : Valachia, and other places revolt from the Turk. To
>4mMr(7f/jfuccecdcdhis fon M<?^'"wef 3. 9 years.- He ftrangleth 18 of his brothers, and
Ferat Bap., for the lofs oi'Strigon: he wins and lofeth divers places and men: the
Tu! k5 kill 20000 Chriftians, being too eager in loading themftlves with the plunder
of Knrefl^, where 60000 Turks were flain. TheVayvodof Valachia having revolt-
ed from the Turk, burneth Mf6po/;j. /''rtm^jVj in Tra///?/rrt7!M relieved by Ba[ia the Em-
perours Lieutenant. The Turks and Valachians inftft each others Territories. The
Cardinal
of the principal Tafages^d^c.
Cciidinal oiJranlylvania leajjucth with the Turk; the Baila of ^iT/d beaten, and o? Tears ufch.i'l,
JSwt/.j taken. In tlieWdl, the Gerwrf/w league with Tniw/j/ww/a againft the Turk; the
Piinccof Tr(r«6'fcw/(ircli?nech to thcEmperour t"orS//e/7i(jbut repents, and returns
home, where he relignes to his Uncle, the Cardinal, whom the Vayvod oh'^^.iArc'/^iii kil-
led in fii'lu, for leaguing witli the Tiu-k, and recovers Tranfylvarm to the Empire, and
is made Govei-nour thereof. In France, Henry 4. o^Navar reigneth 2 1 years, lie defeats
Ve Maync ; it is hdd Trcalon by the Parliament of Rohati to fide with the King, who
takes CX(/rriej and Nojo?2, defeats the Savoyen, and bciiegeth Ko^<r/i ; the Preiidcnt of
prtm ftrangled by theTribunes^ Duke Jyri(/e drowned, and 300 of the League iLine
jn Lancitidcc ; the King btcomes Catholique, upon which many Leagucrj fall off to
him; he is Ciowned, and moft places fubmit; G«i/e is reconciled to him? the Jefuits
banifhed,for a ftroke given to the King by one of them; theKing defeats the Spaniards
in rkrfr^*' •, T>e May ne and Nemuurs reconciled to him jyoyeH/e made /\dmiral;M<tr/c//(,f
prifid for him ; Amiens recovered ; a League with England and Holland ; Calhtis refto-
rtdnpon peace with the Spaniard; Srifai/z fubmits, aild fo the Civil War ends. At
A',-r«fe, the Edift of Pacification for cxcrcife of the Protcftant Religion; theKing is
divorced from Queen Margrtref, and marrieth /faf^eriz/e de Medices--, Duke J oyeufe be-
comes a Capuchin : Cardinal Albertiu, the Emperours youngeft fon, is made Govcr-
riour o'Portuiial, and Archbifhop of Joledo : Another Spanifh Fleet mifcarrieth at the
Cape of Saint r/WP«i : To King P/j;7f;>fucceeded his fon Philip^. 24 years. Amiens
taken by the Cai dinal Albe f, who married Ifabella the Infanta. Sigifmund King of Po-
/(/m/l"\vtars to receive the Confefllon of ^«j?Hr;f, before he is admitted to the Swedifh
Crown; hcconqncrcth MciWflWif, andi^depoftd in Swevia. In H««g<iry many Turks
lliin ; At Alht Recalif tthe Governour oiRab executed for furrendring it to the Turk ;
manv Towns loft and won ; Rub recovered, with fome other Townes. The Swedes
and Tartars b atcn by the Mufcovite; peace made with him. Charles the King of
Swedes Uncle is Governour of Siievia. Sigifmund cometh with an Army againft Charles,
wlio takcth Calmaria-, and fubdueth Finland : The Vjoques out of Dalmatia and Hungary
notable Pyr.i;ts. To Farrna in Flanders futrcetded Fefer Erneft Duke of Aii[lria, brother
to Rodi:ll>h the Eft^crour; the States refule his proffer of peace; to him fucceedeth
Arch-Duke Albert, he takes Caluif and Hulji, with Amiens ; Grave Maurice defeats him -,
the King btftowcs Bf/giwm znd Burgoin on ^/Zierf,, with the Infanta his wife; the Spa-
niard takes divers 'places in Frifland and Ckve; .iiSaurke made Lieutenant-Generall of
the united Provinccs;het.ikcs Breda,3.nd other placeSjA Councel ofEftate fetup,wh'Te-
in the Queen was to have two CouncelIors;Prince uiOrange rcleafcd in S^aiii-.the Grave
tnketh 1 1 Towns in 3 months ; one Fanne is executed for attempting to kill the Grave:,
the States prohibited from trading in S^ain; they trade into the Eaft-Indies. Q^icen
Elizabth furnifheth the French King with money, and procureth peace of the Turk to
Poland; Gret^i/ fightcth the Spanifh Fleet: The Voyages of C(roe«Ji/?> to the Straits of
Maoelkin, and of Lancafier to the Eaft-lndies ; Kir/eigb'; Expedition into .,^c*-if(r and
Guidna; Tjr-OewPubellion ; the Thames dry; Farnanbuc taken by Lancafier; Cadiz
taken by EfTeA; ; Mac Hugh the Iri(h-Rebel flain ; the French King madeJ^igh t of the
Garter ; the Englifh Expedition to the Azores at Blac\-n>ater ; the Englifh defeated by
Tyr-Oen-^ Elfex parlicth with him; he is committed to the Lord Keeper. In .9m-
land, Eolb'fpel attcmpteth the Kings chamber, he is proclaimed Traytor,and fome of his
Pages hanged; J/wif/ej kills Afwrr^', for harbouring Bothweti he fleeth iiito England i,
returns and rtbclleth again.
in thcChiirch disUrbatiy, 1 2 dayes, then Gregory 1 4. 10 moneths; he excommimi-
cates theFrench King ; fucceeded7n«oce«t 9. 2 moneths,thcn C/emewf 8. 13 years;
he abfolves the French King : Ferrara being efcheatcd to the Pope for want of Heirs,
' a war enfueth with C.^[arEjienfis about it, which (hortly after was taken up. Pro-
teftanifm in Srt.ro^y is forlaken ; the Proteftants are perfecutcd in SfyrM tindCarin-
ihia, but permitted in France. Hack^t,iov blafphemy, is hanged.
In the Eafl-, the Turk and Perfian quarrel; AlbaKegalii loft; Hajf an Ba (fa ■,:ind his Army
of 60C00 overthrown ; the Wines in Confianttnople ftaved upon a fedition of the Janifa-
raries,but fome wine was allowed to the Chriftian Ambafladors : Ba^A defeats the Va-
jachians, and 2 BAlLa^s ; Ali Bdfa furprifed with 200 Waggons and 70000 Ducats by
theHeyducks ; Alba recovered, andPefl loft ; Mahomet ftrangleth his fon,anddrowncth
];is mother ior treafon ; his fon Achmat fucceedeth 1 3 years ; theTurks defeated twice
in Afia by their Rebels ; Fejl and Hatwan loft to the Turk ; Taurh recovered by
Uuuii 2 tJie
■1600
A brief Chronolo2^re
Tears efch,i(i.
the Perfiitn 5 {ome Towns taken in Hmjiary : the Fer/ian defeats two Baflli's : the Bafla
of y^/epfs rcbelleth , he defeats two Barfa's, takes Tripo/^r and Damajcus, and Itagurth
with the Pcrfian : The Turk makes peace with the Emperor for 20 years : The B/ila's
ofAgria and Buda are put to death,for ftriving to break the peace; the Turks are Jpoiled
at Sea by the Duke of Florence. In the Weft, Bafta beats the Tranfy i vanian,and kills the
Viiyvod of Valdchia, for intending to call in theTurk. "Bafla is thruft out iy thcPiince,
who at laft fubmits to Bd/fd, and fwears fealty to the Empcrour ; Baftu fubducth the
rebellious Tranfy'vanians ; , The Emperour and Perfian league a^.iinft the Turk.
Eo/fao'winnethfomepartofTranfylvania-, he makes his peace with the Emperour,
andobtainethTranfylvanIa to him andhis Heirs : The Catholike Clergy wronged
by Po/jarrdrii a free City, therefore it is profcribed and taken by the Dnke of Bavaria.
The JefuitesColledge and Library burnt at Vienna. Tranjylvania rebellcth again, and
mzkcs Gabriel Battori their Governour; upon the Duke of Jx/ieij death whh'jut Hv-Irs,
Brandeburg and Newburg lay claim to it : The Bifhop of Straskirg is fent thither by the
Empcrour, and expels their Governours : The French fubdue Savoy, becaufe the IViar-
quilat of.S'a/H/rei is not, according to promifc,rtftored: The Dukes peace is made by
Cardinal Aldobrandm. The French Embafladours doors broken open in .S'fxriH, and
his Nephew imprifoned, but he is relcafed again. Byron executed for Treafon :
League renewed with the Switzers: Traffique forbidden into Sfain and Flanders^ ,
upon a new Impoft there. Father ConoH gets the Jefuites to be rcftored. Coiint
Avergne once pardoned, falls to new praftifcs, and is imprifoned hUrjdlesWkc
to be betrayed to the Spaniard, whereupon the Governour of Trovence is execu-
ted. Therevenuesof Mrortr united to the Crown of Frd/jfe. At BoUoign theTrea'.y of
peace between Frdwce and ^priiw is broken off, for precedency : Sprt/H n.akcs pence wiih
England. Nottingham arriveth in .Vpuiw, to take the Kings Oath to the pe,,ct: : A peace
alfo is made with the Hollander for 1 2 years. In Poland, about fome troubles raii'ca by
the Jefuites, the Lords meet at LhWj« about Toleration cfP^eligion, who are (uddcnly
furprifcd by the King, and many of them flain. Hiw|!ao' is Wafted by the T'arfar; ; di-
vers Towns loft. TheTurk fcndeth Botfcay the Crown of Hungary., taken from La-
dillam. Bof/cd> repents his league with theTurk, and dicth. TheTurk takes divers
Townes in H«Hgrtry, the Emperour refigneth Hrngflry to his brother Matthijf. Ex-
ereifc of Proteftantifm granted to ^«^ria. In Syeethland, Charles is declared King, he
attemptcth Liwnia in vain •, HissBftftard-fon is taken by the Polander; He beficgeth
Kiga in vain, and lofeth 9000 men ; he lofeth the Caftle of We^enijeiiu and recovers it:
again. The King ofDeMrwar^commeth to HamWc, andtaketh the Oath of Allegiance
of them. Matthijf is chofen King of Bohemia by the Lords; Liberty ofConicience
granted to the Bohemians and Siltiians. The Venetians league with th' Grifons, and
forbidbuilding of more Monaftcrits and giving Lands to the Clergy, which Aft bad
been made /4h. 13 37. and now revived i thty areh.tedby the Pope for this A-^, and
by the Spaniard tor their League with the Grifons : They make an Edift agiinft the
Tcfuites, and are excommunicated, which they flight,.and raife an Army for their de-
fence. Cardinal J^ojeMfe is fent from frnnee to compofe the difFtrence, at laft the pri-
fonei s are fet free, and they abfolved ; they proteft and enrich fuch as had written in
their defence : The Arch-Duke is defeated neer to Newport: The Admiral of Arragon
h' ine; taken, is exchanged for the Hollanders imprifoned in Spain : Ofiend befieged by
Albert. 6 Gallies of 5pi«o/(j funk by the Hollanders and Englifh ; he is flain, and his
8 Gallics defeated: Ambrofe Spinola, to revenge his brothers death, aidcth Albert at
Ojiend ; after almoft 4 years fiege, and the lofs of 72900 men in the Town, and great
numbers in the field, Ofiend yieldeth on cohipofition : Spinola takes divers Towns, but
faileth of Bergen and Grave : The Netherlanders acknowledged free States by Albert :
Many Towns taken by the Hollander and Spaniard ; The States aide Embden againft
their Earle: Hertogenbufh befieged by Mawrice in vain; S/«ce taken from the Arch-
Duke; fome Spaniards fall off to the States; M^wrice faileth of his defign againft y^t-
werp; Embden and the Earle reconciled; The Hollander beats the Spaniard in the
Straits, and the Portugals in the Indies. The Lord MoMfjoy doth good fervice in /re-
land; Effex beheaded ; diiFerence between £«|/z/7; and Da/iex about Trade ; Commifll-
oners fent into Denmark ; the Spaniards land in Ireland; Tyr-Oen fubmittcth ; Queen
Etedte/fo dieth ; King jFdfwej fucceedeth 22 years : Tyr-Oen is re fto red by him; Rw
leigh, GfO',and Cottdrw attainted for Treafon-, fome Priefts put tode.th; the Gun-
powder-Treafon ; the King of 7)e«r«drJ<^cometh into E^ig/rtnt/; an Inlurrtftion upon
Inclofures ; Virginia planted ; the New-Exchange built»
of the principal ^affages^^c.
In the Chinch, Leo \i. fits 26 dayes : then P<ih/5. 16 years ; He quarrels with the
Venetians. PH-P/e//;j diCputeth with theBiiliopof EnreHA-. At Katiihone t\\c Jefu-
Jt'S dii'piite with the Lutherans. The Duk^ oi Savoy expeis the Proteftar.ts : the
PDlaiid-Jefuitcs burn a, Proccftant-Churcfi. M.trfurg re ormed. Liberty ofCon-
fcience in Hungary. An Archbifhoprick ere©:ed in the Fhiliffiiia's.
In the Eaft, the Perlun invadeth Babylon, deCeztnhNajftn Bajfa, and kills 20000 Ttirks.
^chmais Fleet fent ae;ainft Florence and Malta. 200000 die atCunJiantmo^le m 011c year
of the pla£ue. 42Turkifh Gallics defeated by the Florentine, who took one Gaily
■with 300 (laves. ADervifarflingeth aftoneat the Tark,and isexecuted. TheTartar
invad.-th Moldavia. Peace between the Turk and Pcrfian. The Tewo expelled Peru.
HoUiVt.l trades with the Turk, The Florentine and Sicilian takes fome piaccs and
Gallics from the Turks. The B.iflaof ^iiin flieth to Florence with 14C00.I. weight
of gold. Allebeliionin ^/r<7and y^rdi/a. Naffuffe the Bafla executed for intelligence'
with Per/fir. Two rich Turkifh Gallies taken by the Florentine.: Jacaia., Mahomet 3.
his fuppoftd fon, joyns with the Afian Rebels. MufiapJia, ^cfcmetj brother, ruhth two
moneths ; he fcts free the Perlian Anibaflador , and imprlfoneth the French, upon
the efcape ofCoresky theMoldavian ; he is thruft into a"Cel,and Achmet his fon ruleth;
hefets free the French AmbalTidor, and makes peace with Per/ia. Manfredoni a in Sicily
loft to the Turk, with thelfleof/w/d. In the Weft, Jidiers is given by the Emperor
to theDuke of 9rtxo«_)' ; Juliers taken by Grrtue-MrtHrice. To Koduhh fucceeded in the
Empire his brother Witui^i.Af 8 years. Sfmola takes Ah^n and iFefeU and beats down
the Fort oiMulb^'im. The Hollanders invade Mmjier and Taderhorn. The Jewes expelled
WormeSfM^d their Synagogue burnt. Fraw/ort rtbelleth againft their Magiftratcs. A
Luthcran-Juhile kept. The Emperor dieth, to whom fucceeds Ferdinand his brother.
K. Hewy of France flain by Butvilliac ; his fon Lewis 13. fucceedeth, his mother Regent ; ,
the Kings heart is interred by the Jefuites : Rohan feifeth on S.John de A'Weli ; Cunde
leaveth the Court-, Fewt/o/meimprifonedjandefcapeth; The Jewes banifhed France;
liofoa«and the Protcft.ints take arms; Anchore madeMafter of theHorfe, and Gover-
nor of Normandy ; Co?2^e imprifoned ;, y^«cfcore':> houfe fpoiled, and his treafure feifed
on by the people ; he is flain, and his wife executed. France hclpcth Sdvoy againft Spain;
Ejf>ernon joyneth forces with the Queen, they are reconciled to the King, and Conde
;releafcd. Peace between Spain and Savoy. 900000 Moors expelled Spain, after 900
years poffblTion. The Spaniard helps the Duke of Aia«f«(J againft Savoy , for the Mar-
quifat of Montferrat. The Polander beats the Mufcovite, and takes Smolenfco. The
Dukedome of Boruffia confirmed by the Polander on Brandeburg and his heirs-male.
The Polander beaten in Valachia und Mufcovy ■-, Smolenfco recov red by the Mufcovite.
ARtbellion in Poland. Pot/o/id wafted by the Tartars ; who upon the outrages of the
Coflakes, burn 4 Cities,, 40O Villages in Podclia, and carry away much plunder.
In Hungary, the Traitors thatconfpired againft Battori, are executed. Sigiimund Battori
dicth , and the Emprelle crowned Queen ; Gabr. Battcri flain , and Bethl^m Gabor
made Prince by the Turk. StevenV^yvod of Moldavia tyrannifeth, is taken andftnt
Tvith Prince /^A^-xfTH^er, his mother and brother, to Conjiantiiwple , who for feare re-
nounced Chrift. The Heyducks beat the Turks. Ferdinand is crowned King of Hungary,
and then Bethkm Gabor. The Dane takes Calmaria from the Swedes ; they w.ifte Norway.
TheLubekers beat the Danes at fea. Calma-ia is reftored , and peace with the Swedes
is made. New Impofitions raifed in the Sound. The Hollanders help Lubec. The
Swede leagueth with the Dane againft Poland. ToCharles of Swcdehnd fucceeded his
fon GufiavM Adolphus : He gaineth upon the Dane and .Mufcovite. King y^ime.? makes
peace between the Swede and Mufcovite. Great troubles in Bohemia, A Proteftant
Church built in Prague. The Emperor and Archduke of Auflria crowned at Prague.
ThcProtift.ints caft three of the Emperors Councellors out of a window, and league
with Moravia, Sile/ia, and Lufatia. Bucqmy inv2.deth Bohemia. Frederick^the Palfgrave
chofenKing. Venice aideth Mantua againft Scnioy; they have war with Ferdinand of
y/wrr'i!'-, they are aided by the Hollanders ; they make peace with Fer^i/jW; Treafon
ae.ainft themdifcovered, and the Traitors executed. The Archduke ftayes the Turkifti
Amb,;(Iidorgoing to the States; and thtyarrefthismony, fent to pay hisgarrifons.
The Spaniard and Hollander fight at theCape ofS.Vincent; the Hollander loft their
Admiral, and the Spaniard 3 fhips and 1 500 men. Grave- AJaurke made Kni^t of the
■ Garter. 27 Spanifhftiips going to the Jrjiiej, defeated by the Hollanders ; they take
,the Caftle of AiiM in the South-fea; thiy fecure the paflagc on the River Ems, by
building two Forts. Spilberg beats the Spaniard and Portugal. The Catit'onary
Towns redeemed. Niaurice fucceedeth to P^i/ip in the principality of Oww^e. ASyno^
it
rca,-iofCly'i!t.
A brief Qhronoh^je
Years ofchiift.
1620-
flt Vort. Bemeveh executed. King; James is vifitcd by the Lantgrave ofHelfe. The Lord
Ztuicbir hanged. Queen Mary''s body removed from Peterhup^h to Wefiminjier. The
Pi/Z/guife married to the Lady EliZ'iheth. The Londoners ma.ke a PLintation in Ireland.
Th'eEnglirtipL-int in Bermudas. The King of De«mrtrJ''i fecondconiiny; hither. Midule-
tonVWatcr brought into London. SHtton's-Eoiymi founded. Overbury poylbned.
Spalato Cometh hither. King James goeth into Scotland. Raleigh executed. Queen
Anne dieth.
IntheChurchj PdxZ fitteth yet : He fends the Emperor a golden Pofcbentwith rich
Gems. Bel!armine''s and Marian''s Books of the Popes power condemned at Par;V.
Mulheim built by the Protcflants, who were expelled Colen. Newburg becomes a
Papift. TheProtcftantPiinces mcetatZ\Zorimiierg. Silefta pctitioneth the Emperor
for continuance of Prottftantifni; the Bilhop of l^rflfi/IdDiapeifecutes them; the
Emperor intercedes for them. Arm'inm and Vorpm make troubles in Holland. A
Synod called at Vort.
In the Eaft, the Turks take Fate in H««gar>'5 agalnft the peace; O/marnsftranglrd by the
Janifaries, whom he meant to extirpate ; Prince Coresky ftrangled in prifun ; Mujia^ha
advanced again ; peace with Poland:, At Babylon a rebellion, and zt Arzirum, anu in
Mefopotamia : TheBiffi oi Arzirum threatenethCo«/?anfi«of>/e; the Tjnifaries refufe to
oppofe him: Mnfia^ba is removed, and Amhratb 4. Ofmans fon advanced: Babdon
taken by thePerfian: the Coflacks trouble the Black-fea and Bofphorus : Ahaifa is
pacified, having threatned Coufian'ino^le, andclefeats the Pery?iJ/» : 20000 Turks de-
feated at Babylon : the King ofTrtrfmia expelled by bis brother : the Janifaries quar-
rel with the Grand-Signior. In theWtft, the Duke of Bavaria defeatcth tht Bohe-
mians; the Emperor nullificth the eleftion of the Palatine toBcte/niai tb.c Palatine
with Bra««/eforg and others profcribcd; Spire wafted by Ma?/J/jfW, and the Palatinate
by havaria and the Spaniards; Bucquoi killed; A/a/wj^eWprofcribtd; IFeJlphalia, Pe-
d'r/)or«, and Stra^Wg wafted by the Duke of Bntfijwick^.y who lofeth an arm in battel;
Manhcim m-id Heidelberg taken; B.wariamadeElei!^or ; Gabor invadtth Aftria:, B unf-
rvicl'^ beaten by T///> ; Franl-^ndale fubmitteth ; Saxon-JFymar and Anhalt made friends
with the Emperor; Ti//; fpoileth Bnwi/wictj, Maw/FeZ^/ defeated ; the Boors oiAuJiria
rebcll ; the Imperialifts take many places ; A Church and Monaftcry ncer Prague be-
gun by the Emperor ; the Palfgravcs eldeftfon drowned. In Frawe, the King takes
many Towns from theProtcftants, and makes war for ihe Valtoline ■, 2 so houfcs burnt
5n Parii; Soubize i^cfeattd at fea by Montmorency, Vendofme and the Great Piior of
Fra;ice,(He;n-^ 4.hisbaftards)areimprironcd; Forts built by the King againft KocfceZ;
the Hie of Ret lcift,and regained ; Nevers claimeth the Dutrhy of Mantua , he is aHlftcd
by the French agaiiift the Spaniard; the King tak' s Rochel, and fends his Army for
Mdntua. In Sf>ain, Vhilij> 4. rcigneth: Troubles in Mexico fctled ; Bray?/ recovered
by ihe Spaniard from tht Hollander : the Tartars du much hurt in Podolia : ihc Swedes
beat the Polanders in Livonia^hai the Polanders defeat the Tartars in Boriiffia-, peace bc-
tweeu Polandm.d Swethland: much of f7M«|;ary fubdued by Gabor; he difclaimeth it,
and makes peace : The Coflacks take Nerpfiadt : Buda almoft burnt to the ground :
Ferdinand 3. the Emperors fon, crowned King of Hungary : Bergen in Norrcay almoft
confumcd with fire. The King of Denmark^ is Generall of the united Princes againft
the Emperor; he is endangered by a fall from his horfe; he defeatcth, and is defeated.
/K^/a/iiandmoft of Hc-Z/J- fubdnedby thtDuke of Fridland ; S/ra///Mt/ belicged by the
Calarians; Weir/Ja^f attempted in vain by the Danes; Livonia and Curland fubmit to
the Swede ; the King of Swedes takes divers Towns ; Swedeland fetled on the Kings
Daushtcr; he takes Strajtj<r^, and bcliegeth T'iorw, and makes peace with P&Z./^i. In
Bohemia, the yefuitcsarereftorcd; many of the Lords executed. Si^e/fa fubmitstothe
Emperor; Ferdinand^, is crowned King of Bohemia; The Nobility commanded to
fodake PveligiouTby a certain dav. The Venetians make a League ofFeniivc and de-
ttnfive with the Turks. The Spaniards befiegc S/»/ce and Bergen. Breda taken.,and divers
other Towns; the Dunkirkers take many Holland and Englifhlhips ; the Hollanders
t^ke Hertogenbhp; Berncvets fon s in Holland degraded ; Grotim efcapeth InaTnmk;
Bm'i'/j relieved; AniTcer^ attempted by Orange in vaine ; Mansfield taketh F.mbJen.
Prince Maurice dieth ; his brother Henric fuccccdeth. B.vi.f in Bralil left and taken.
Ill Leyden- ViUd Amficrdam, a fcdition by the Arminians and Calvipifts. The
Hollanders rob the Spaniards in America , and take divers of their fliip?.
Peace between Fnghmd and France : The Bifliop of Sj>alato returns.- Prince Charles
gqeih into S^aine : ManspeU commeth into England. King James dieth: His
fonne
of the principal Va/f^ges^dac.
j^
forme Charles fucceedeth : An Expedition to Cadiz : Englifh fhips arrcfttd in
France : The Duke of BKcl\ingham murthered : peace with France : New-England
planted.
In the Church, Gregory 15. fits 2 years. To him fuccccded Vrban 8. The Archbifliop
of <i]>(r/rtfo)V Body buintatKome. At Tiran in the Vakolin, the Proteftants are maf-
facred in the Church; they are banilhed Bohemia. The Jefaites reftored totrague-/'
TheProteftant-Church there given to the Carmelites. The Proteftants driven out
oi j4u(iria, and the Country of Renault punifted for receiving them. Amjierdath
and Leyden perfecutc the Arminiam. At Vienna is inftituted the Order of She- Jefuits.
The Proteftants banifhed out oijuliers. Heidelbnrg and Glogovia become Popifh.
Tears of ChH({.
In the Eaft, the Turks defeat theChriftian Fleet at 7>??rfpD/*f,and carry away 800 captives:
At Babylon they are beaten by the Perfians, but fliortly after recover their loffes :
peace made between the Turk and Perfian. At Conftanfmofle, the Turk draVveth a
great f mime otmony from thcChriflians : the French Ambaf^dor troubled about
his Chappel : A Venetian Merchant, for looking on tlfic Seraglio through his Per-
fpeftivc, is hanged. The Bafla of Aleppo beheaded ; and war denounced againft Poland.
The Turks take Babylon, with tlte loflc of 40000 Perfian horft. The Sultan removes
to Akffo., becaufe of the plague. A Fleet is Tent againfl: the Coflacks. Siof Akis the
Parthian King, husband to 800 wives, dieth. A third part of Conflantino(>le burnt*
TheTurks wafte///yrM; The Beglerbeg of Greece rcbelleth. In the Wcfi, Hanovia
befieged by the CaefarianSj and relieved : The Swede invadcth thelfle Rugia : M-tgdebrng
beficged : The Emprefle crowned atRatisbone; Til/y waftes Thuringia, and fights the
Swedifii King at Lipjic , where 9000 Caefarians were flain ; til/y being wounded,
flieth to Hal/. Frederick^ lofeth Bohemia. IP'olflein Duke of Fridland taketh Prague.
The Swedes march into Bd»ariii. Kdf^^o«e befieged , and after 465 fallies is taken
by Ferdinand 2. At the Pacification of Prague ^ the Saxon, Brandeburg, Luneburg-y
and Vinariefi joyn with the Emperor. Ferdinand 3. chofen King of the Romansj
and the yeare following Emperor. Ramfey is taken by Count Najfdu. At Hanovia
divers encounters betwcert the Imperialifts and Swedes, and divtrs Towns taken
by both parties. The French King and his brother the Duke of Orleans reconciled.
A League between France and Swethlafid. The French invade the Grifons 5 the
French aid the States : France is invaded ; the Queen-mother flieth to Amjlerdam.
IfabeUathe Infanta dieth at BrHffels : The Spaniards have a greit lo(!e in America:
Ferdinand the Cardinal, Infant of Spaine , prevailes at Norlingen ; He is made
Governor of Brabant. The Spaniards beaten by the Hollanders. The French cut off
atFomaralie. The Spanifh Fleet on the Englifh fiiore,overthrown by the Hollanders.
Poland makes peace ivith the Turk : in the k'mg^dome^LadiJlaus ^. fucceedeth to his
father Sis,ifmund. The Polanders and Mufcovites defeated : peace between Pola?id and
Siveihland. The King of Poland comes to Vienna ; The Queen of Swethlahd comes to
Frankfort. Wars in Hungary. The Swedifh King killed, having left one Daughter
Chriflind to fucceed him. Spinola the Spanifli Generall dieth. The Prince of Orange
makes an Expedition into Flanders. Horn takes Colberg; and the Swedifh King, not
long before his death, Fraticfort upon the Oder. Til/y-, after many Viftorics, dieth
at Ingolfladt. Fridland is murthered. Germany wafted with the fword, plague and
famine. The Hollanders take fome places in Braftl. S/^?2i;^Sconce retaken by the
iStatcs. Breda taken by Orange. The Hollanders beaten neer Antwerp. 6cooo de-
ftroyedby an Earthquake in Calabria. At Mejjina, 500 perifhed in a Church over-
thrown by an Earthquake. In England, a peace is made with Spain : King Charles
fends to the Emperor for refticution of the Palatinate: Three Nuncio's fcnt by the
Pope, are received into the Queens Court honorably. The Englifh Lyturgie fent
into Scotland, occafioned much mifchiefe : The Scots Presbyterians enter into a
Covenant, and raife Arms: Preparatioti ia tlngland zn'd Ireland As^zinR them, both
by Sea and Land.
In theChurch,PopcT;r&.7nfittethyet : Heexhorteth theChrlftian Princes to peace,
and falls out with the Venfetians about their dominion in the Adriatick fea. The
Jcfiiices at Vienna keep a Jubile. In Scotland, a Synod is held at Glafcow. At Rome,
fuchaStorm brake out with Darkneflt, that at mid day they were forced to light
candles. Divers meetings and Synods held this Decad in Germany among the Pi o-
teftants: Batwhilft the Princes wtre Confultingat Li^ifc^ Magdeburg is taken- and
deftroycdbyTi//y.
And
-1^30
AND thus (Good Reader) in this Hiftory rfWi^Chronologie, as in trro fmtl/
Maps^ thoH mayejt behold the Microcojme ofManlijHde^iMJo mmy Hundred
years ^Mingover & over again the faraeTragi-Contedies.-T houjajt nctv Perfonsand
V/ Cards, hnt the fafke Scene, and the fame Things aifed : ihoit ntajcjt behold from
hence as Charon did from the top o/Parnaffus in Lucian, a Clod of Earth fit// of
Bee-hives, an Ant-hill full of Emmets, or a Fool full ofBithbfts, fomc bigger, fome
h'ffer :pi!ff 'd veith aire, and tojjcd up and doren with winds, till they all breal^, and
turn ittto their original Vapours. And what is it thou feeji a&ed here ^ Nothing
almoji but Treacheries, Murthers, Incejis, Adulteries, Thefts, Perjuries, Opprejfions^
Imprifonments, Cares, Patchings, Travellings, Underminings of one another t,
Princes tyrannizing over their People, SubjcBs rebelling againji their Princes ►, one
Prince thrufiing out another^ and People cptarrelling onj with another: Thou
feefi hre Perigrinations , ^Navigations, ToyUngs, Bhttels, Law-fuits, andathou-
fandfuch Vexations^ all for an Handfull of Earth : In a word-, we fee here iit-
numerabk TSIeJisoffVaj^sdnd Hornets, defiroying one another with their ji in gs.
Andwhatisthecaufe of allthismtfchief? Truly, Pride, Ambition, Covetoufneffe^
Sacrilege, Tyrannic, Drunkcnnejfe, Whoredoms, IVhimJical opinions in Rdigion,
Self-love every one thinking his own dreams to be oracles, and his conceited fancies
to be InfpiratioKs:, And above all things,lHJufiice, for which the IVorld hath fujfercd
fo many changes : Jujiice is the Pillar on which States and Kingdoms Jiand ^ Re-
move that, and clown falls the Temple of all Government: jujiice is the Sun
that illuminates all Societies ^ Extinguif) that, and what will follotv bntflorms^
clouds and darknejfe ^ 'jtiflice is the Band that ties People to their Governours, and
every man to another 5 when this Band is brokeft^ nothing follows but Confufton :
lujiice is the Life of all States and Dominions , which live no longer then
they are juji ^ Nothing difcriminates Kingdomes and States from Conventicles
of Thieves and Robbers, but Jujiice-^ Remota Jufticia, c^uid aliud funt Regna
quam magna Latrocinia i* Lajily, J« ^/j»- Chronologie, as in an Epitomie,you
[lull fee all the Heretical Opinions which have been fitted out info many Agei^
now greedily liclCdup by the Fanatical ^irits of this Age. GOD open our eyes^
that we may at length fee theTruth, andmay with one heart and one mind embrace
it • and that the Spfrit of 7 ruth, which our blcjjed Saviour promifed to his Churchy
may lead us into all Truth. Amen.
A
A Catalogue of the Unherptics of Chnftendoiria
and of the Time of their Foundations.
Ann. Chrifi.
'^"^^636^ ^0^&,^^ ^ C^^'^^ridg^^ enlarged by Sigibert King of the Eaft- Angles
i^&i:^'-__3»ii!^r! ^ jjy^. ere^ecl long before.
' Of LJndaffern in Northiimbcrlattd^ founded by Ofwalcf.
)0^ Pam, founded by Charles the Great, at the defire of
Alctiin and Bede •-, and (hortly after, he founded the Uai-
verfity ofPapia.
^Oitholonfc^ having the fame privikdges with thellniver^
fityof r^w.
830 Of Lyotis^ founded by the Greeks.
89$ Of 0;c/t)r^, founded by E//re^.
926 Of Lovain in Brabant^ founded by 'john Duke of Brabant,
1 1 45 Of Ki6w/e/,founded in the Councel there ; it was enlarged afterward by Charts
Guife Cardinal oi Lorain, in the year 1 560.
' ^ 9^ OE-Montpelcr in France s It was firft erefte J for the Law, now for Phyfick.
1209 Oi Falcnza^ founded by Alphunfus oiCajiile^ and removed to Salamancahy
Ferdinand of CaUile^ 1 2 40.
1216 Of Nrf/'/e/, founded by Fj'et.^mc)^ 2.
1 2 2 1 Of Tadua^ by Frederick^ the Eoaperor, who removed that o^Bononia thither,
1227 0{ Bourges, by S.LewfS.
1236 Of Vienna^ founded by Frederic kjhe Emperor.
1290 Of rerujia^ a City in Hetruria.
1306 Of Conimbria^ by DionyJtUf King of Portugal.
1 3 1 2 Of Orleans^ founded by Philip the Fair, King o£ France.
1 3 * 6 Of Ferara^ by Albert Duke of that place.
1320 Of Cadurzif, or ^ercy in France^ by ']obn 22.
^339 Of nfa ••, it was afterward enlarged an.ij\.By. by Laurence dc Mediccs, and then
by CoftfiOj 1543'
1 346 Of Heidelberg^ by Robert the Red, Palfgrave.
1349 Of v<»/<7«, by Letp/j' Duke of AnjoitdixA King of Sicily-, it was afterward en-
larged by Charles 5. of France, an.i^Sji^.
1360 of Prrf^we in Bohemia, by (7^,1^/^x4. Emperor and King of £tf/jc/;'-s/".?.
1364 Of Cracoviaby Cafimir-') jf^ge/7^? enlarged it, rf«.i400.
1387 Of Sena in Etruria--, Pope Pins 2. enlarged it.
1 388 Of Colen, by the Senate 5 "Z^r/j^w 6. confirmed it.
1389 Of Avignon, by the Popes that refided there.
1390 Of Erford'mThurmgia--, it was founded before by D.j_gi)ier/ the French King,
Boniface 9. enlarged it.
1403 Of lViritz.burg , by John the Bifhop, his fucceflbr Jiil/nf enlarged it.
1404 Of Salamanca, where Pope C/^»A'«/ 5. appointed the Hebrew, Chaldce^ and
A rabick to be read .
1409 Of Leipfc in Mifnia, by Frederick.. I. Eleftor of Saxony.
141 1 Of S.Andrevps \n Scotland, by King ^/fx^w^cr and his fifter ifabel.
1412 Of Turin in Savoy, by Duke Leir/y-.
141 5 Of Rojiock_, by }<»/;« and ^^//'cr/ Dukes of Meckelbt/rg, and the Senate.
1 418 Of Caen in Normandy, by king Hcwrc 5. of Fn'ilind.
1426 Of Di?/j in Bttrgttndy, by r/j///p the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
1431 Of Poycliers, by Charles 7. t
1438 Of f/tfre«cejby C^/<? di-Medices, v/ho fent for learned men thitlier out of
Greece and ether places, and creeled a famous Library.
1454 Of Glaf cow in Scotland.
1456 Of Cry pfivaldin Pomeran. begun by D.VratiJlaits, and finiflicd by D.Phil ip^\ 547.
1459 Of £^/, by Pope P/nj- 2. Xxxx ^ Of
^nn. Chrifl.
1460 Of Fribtirg m Irifgovia^ by Albert Archduke o^ Attftria.
1472 Of Ifigoljiadt in Bavaria^ by Lcav^-, and his Ton George Duk es of S^^'^n'.
r475 O^ t'tlencienf, byLeiffS.
1477 Of Tubing iu the Dukedomc of WHtcnbcrg^hy D. Ebcrarri
1480 Of Aberden in Scotland^ by ^f'. Elfhhjjlon B. oi Aberdcn , enlarged fince by the
E. Marpal oi Scotland, and Senat ot Aberden.
1482 Of i^/cw/z. , by the Archbitliop Diethcrus.
14^ T Of Munjier in IVcftfhalia^y the Bilhop there.
' 1498 Of Copenhagen in Denmark ^ hyKmgJohn there.
1500 Of Toledo^hy the Archbifhop.
1502 Of IVittenberg \nSaxony^hy Frederick. thcEleftor.
1 506 Of Francfort upon Oder, by Joachim Eledor of Brandeburg.
1 5 1 7 Of ComplHtiwi^y Ximenes Archbifhop of Toledo.
1 5 1 7 Of 5'ee'//, by Rodcrick.of San^a ^lia.
1518 Of Granadoy by Ferdinand of Calabria.
1526 Of //<zr/;«r_g in Hrf//zrf,by P^////j the Lantgrav&
1538 Oi Strasburg^ hjjohn StTirnuus.
1 540 Of Bez^ancan in Burgundy^ by Charls 5.
1 54 1 Of Fj^cr^in Tortugal^by Henry the Archbifhop.
1 544 Of Kcimont in Borujjia^ by y4//>ert Marquefle of Brandeburg.
1 548 Of Jfwe in Thuring^ by ^<?/j» Elector of Saxony.
1562 Of Doir^^ in y^r/^f/j-j founded, by King r/j///;) 2.
1 564 Of Dillengen in Srveddand, by Cardinal O/Ao Bifliop of Aiifpurg,
1575 Of Leyden^ by IFil/iam'Princc o^ Oraffge, and the States oi Holland.,
1 576 Of Helmejiadt or 7«//^, by 'j«//»j D. oiBrnnfrpick:
1581 Of Franeqiier, by the Eflates of f r//?(/.
1581 Of Altorf in Bavaria, by the 'Norimbergers,
1591 Of Dublin in Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth.
1592 Of Venice^ enriched with a Greek Library by Cardinal Bejfarion^ which cofl:
90000. crowns 5 yet I iinde that before this timCgthere were famous Profef-
fors in Venice, as Entamiel Chryfolorus^ HermoUns Barbarm, Egnatins^ C^Uus
Sectmduf^ and divers others.
1 607 Of Giejjen, by Icrr/f Lantgrave o^HeJje j it was united to Marpurg^ Ann. 1 62 6«
1 614 Of Gronwg in Frijland.
1616 Of raderbnrn, by Theodore the Biihop.
1 620 Of Renthen in the Principality of Schatimberg, by Prince Erne/?.
1629 OiAlba'^nlia oxFayrrparinTranJilvania^hyBethlemCabor.
A
vVv'v'v V V V V V V V V V V V V V V.
A Lift of the different forts of Knights iti,
Chriftendome, and the Times of their Iriftitution,
Ann.ChriJi.
73 S ^^i^^f^ ^ Gennctse or Jcnnctts in France, itijlitiited by Chads Mirtel , uf>on the
^^^^^& driving out of the Moors , or in honour of his f^ije Jean : 7he Moors
(Mf^^^^ ffcey ca//e^Gennctscr Wefels.
950 ^^^^fi^ ^ S. Andrew or ffoeT/;i/?/(.'f« Scotland.
1 070 ^^^^1 Of the Kn'mhts of the Dog in France, by Philip the Fir^.
1 Of^o Of S. John of Jeriifalem,or Hofptalkrs for mtertaining of Pilgrims^
J 1 17 Of Knights Templars in Synn, to fui>f>rejfe the robbing of Pilgrims.
1 1 1 9 Of the Knights of our Saviour, by Alphonfus the Firfl.
1134. Of Knights of the Lily in Navar, by Garciaz.
116 1 Of the Knights of CahtvAv^i, by Suncho the Crrtw o/Caftile.
1 165 Of M.ont]oj, found-'d in Syr'ii.
1 170 Of S. James i« Gaftile 5 tj Ferdinand /o?z fo Peter Albert.
u 92 Of Knifhts Teutonicks,^; an addition to the templars and Hofpitallersfy Henry Walpot,
1203 Of IVarfare of Cki/?, //z Livonia, /'j Albert Bij7«po/Riga.
J 213 Of Porfe/rtiwi« Livonia, ^ji Innocent 3.
1 2 1 3 Of the Knights ofk\h in Portugal^by AI phonfus King there.
1218 of ihe Knights of Alcantara, by Ferdinand 3. King of Leon.
1233 of the Knights of the Firg!nMirY,by Bartholomew of Vicenry.
1279 Of the Kiiightsof S. George i«Carinchia, &>'Rodiilph tbeEntperour.
1301 Of the Knights of the Anmmciado in Sawoy, by A.mzdeus 6.
1 317 Of }VarfareofChrifl,in^onug3.], by Dionyiias Rit^there ; upon the defimmon cf ths^
Templars.
1318 Of MontecartmfS. George ;« Arragon, ty James King tfe^re.
1321 Of ChriftJefiiSjJK Portugal, /'J- King Dionyfius.
1322 Of Knicfc/jo/ La Gal zai« Venice.
1330. of S.Mark in Venice, which feemsto be the fame ^iffcLaCalza.
1352 of Knights of the Band inSpAin.) by AlpbonCiis King of diiile,
1 343 of the Garter and Round-Table at Wind for , by King Edward.
1350 of the Star, by King John of France.
1381 of Knights offk Pofe in Caftile, ^y John i.
14.29 Of /fnic^?^ De la Scama in Spain, ^>' John 2. King of Gaflile. i
1430 of the Golden-fleece, ^^ Philip D. of Burgundy.
1450 of Knights of the Far of Corne in Britain, &> Francis i. • ry oim .. ■
1 4>j I of Knights of S. Maurice in Savoy, by Pope Fselix 5 . and D. of Savoy.
1469 Of S. Michaeli?zFrance,^)' Lewis II.
I55;i Of Knights of the Rhodes, tranjplmted to Malta Jy the Pope and Emperour,
1534 Of Knights of the Burgundian-Cro/e, bv Charls 5 .
1561 Of Knights of S. Steven in Tufcany, &> Cofmo di Mediccs.
1=579 ^/^^'"g^f^ of *''eHo/y-Gfco/? in France,^;! King Henry 3.
1608 Of Knights of the Holy-Eloodof Chrifi, by Vincent Gonzaga T>. of Mantuai Befides
thefe, I fnde the Knights of Montcfio in the Province of Valencia.- Of Redemp-
tion in ^rra^on : Of S.Maryi« Italy, called alfo there Fratri Gaudenti, te-
caufe they lived at eafe and plea fure': Of S.L:izsivo,who plea'd great Antiquity, "Pope
. • . Pius 4. of late revived them , and the Vuhfs of Savoy do much refpeii them : The
Knights of S. Steven,ereSp<i by Cofmo Vul^e of Florence, rcho is great mafter of this
. .--:■'• Order-phdve their chief refidence in PK:i: to-the fe may be adkd. Knights of the Sepul-
chre-^ but I thinl\ they be the fame -pPithS. John of ^emialem, ti^rp of M:i\ti.: IVe
. hive alio in England Knii^)ts Baneref;, BrfroHew, 'BcUchilours, and of the Bath : TLe
Knights of the Fare of Come rrere aholiflKd, upon the union of Bricany wiri France,
ajrT^frT.-.iyc''^ t/jemarrirtge of Charls 8. mth Anne of Bricany. " • '
XxK:K-. 2 '-^
A L ift of the 'J{eU^wm Orders fince Chrijt. .
'JSItony and Pitul the Eremite begin
thefi ft Monks.
.402 The Order of Regulars in-
ftitiitedbyS. Aujiin.
524 Of BsnediftineMonksbyS. Eennet.
c)io Of Clugny by Bernon an Abbot i To
this Order belong theCarthulians.
1009 OfCamaldulenfes by S. Kommldus.
1081 Oixhtpady Valley hy S.John Gualbert.
1106 Of the Cifterciens by S. Robert.
1118 Of the Canons Regular.
1 1 43 Oi the Pr^monflratenfes.
1180 Of the Curme/ifej, confirmed by Pope
Alexander 5.
1 1 97 Of the Crojfe-hearerff confirmed by
Cjeleft'me the 3 .
1209 Of the M/Horit«, confirmed by Inno-
cent the ■^.
1216 Of the Redemption of Captives, confir-
med by 7««oce«f the 3.
1227 Of the Pr^^^icanfjj confirmed by Hono-
rius the 3.
1227 Of the Nuns of S.C/ara, which ob-
ferve the rule of the Minorites.
1241 Oi the Eremites oiS. Aujiin.
1248 Of the Sylvejirinesy confirmed by/n-
nocent the 4.
1294 Of the C^ledines.
1299 Oi the Seroants of S. Mary. (Se«e;
1362 Oi the Jefhati by S. John Columbine oi
1373 Oi Mount Ol'Vct.
1 410 OfS.yerome: Of the ^cope/iwi : Of S.
George de Alga.
1 480 Of the Minimes by S. Francis de Paula.
1530 Of the Capuchitii, confirmed by Cle-
ment the ■/.
1535 Of the Clerks of S. Paul, by the fame
Pope.
1540 or the Society of Je fut ^ by Ignatius
Loyola, and confirmed by Paul the 3 .
1591 O thofe that ferve thelickjconfirracd
by Gregory the 14.
A Lift of Heretiques, and fuch as have been fo reputed fince Chrift.
5 9 Q Imon Maguf.
1^71 Menander, Saturnius, Bajilides, Si-
woruD'iiciplcs.
8 1 Nicholaus the Deaconjwho allowed for-
nication.
103 Corinthus, and his fcholar Ebion, denied
Chrifts Divinity.
132 PapiM Author of the Millinanes.
154 Crtrpocrafej, and his Scholars the G«o-
jjifhjdcnicd Works.
195 Cd;i?«/rej, cicnicrsofthe Refurrcftion.
2t)3 ra/e«fi/2i((wj,Ai:thors of manv Fables.
213 Mavdo/zifc"; Authors ot two Gods.
219 Germozines, who held the Eternity of
the Matter .
220 Montanus the Paraclete, and his Cata-
phiyt^ians.
224 Orifini^S:,\vhQ'i favcd the Devils.
237 Helcheleits., diiftmblersofthiir faith.
240 Vonatijis, who heldR-cbaptifation.
254 Novatians, "who denied pardon to the
lapfed.
261 SabelHans, difciples of ZVbefw^, who de-
nied theTrinity.
269 Samof(items.,\sho denied Cfcrif^j divinity
278 M(Z««, father of the Manichees, who
held two principles.
536 ^i7'(?«j, who del iedCh rifts Divinity.
552pA>o.'iwu,who alfo denied Cin.fj divinity
358 Macedonii'.s, who denied the Divinity
oftheHolyGhoft.
3 6 1 Attii^s Jiid Funomius his Scholar, who
luld the Father God only ; denied Epif-
,. eop.Ky,prayei 6,t. ftiiig, and good works.
375 AfcHinurius^ who denied Chrifts Soule.
395 Fadius, f.xther of ihz A?ithropomo)f kites.
3.98 Hdvidius, who held that Mary had o-
thcr children.
408 Prijrilimus., who held the foules and
God all onefubftance.
41 7 JovinianiK held all lins equal, and de-
/pifed Virginity.
42 5 Vigilantius, a.n enemy to Saints and Rc-
liques.
43 2 Pelagiiu denied original fin,and flight-
ed Gods grace.
45 I Nfjiorius held two perfons in Chriff.
467 Eutycbes held but one nature in Chriff.
475 Paaficants, who would reconcile the
Catholiques and Euiychians.
542 Julius Haluarnajf^us made Chrifts Bo.
dy impaflible.
566 Agnoits, CchoUzrs to T'emijiius , held
Chrift ignorant ot the laft day.
607 Armenians inlarged theEHf)<'''''^«herefy.
630 JUgnothelitts held but one wil and ope-
ration in Chi ift.
S21 Michael Ealhus Empcrour, denied the
Pueiurreftion, &c.
1049 The Greeii denied the Procellion of
the Holy Ghuft.
1058 Berengarius w..s condemned of Here-
lie/or denying Chrifts Body in the Euchar.
1087 Bogomiks held the world was made
by Devils.
1 1 19 Vctrus de Bruit and Henry denied
Baptifm to Infants.
1 144 Petrus Abailardus made the Divine
perfons unequal.
1153 Cathari or patureni denied the Sacram.
1 170 Waldenfes were condemned lor their
duftrines.
1 241 Albigettfes alfo were condemned.
1276 Franicelli held themfelves the onely
true Church.
1299 Begardi and Eeg^i//.* denied prayers,
Fafting, &c.
1 3C9 LolUrdus taught that Lucifer was un-
juftly Condemned.
1352 The Whippers who denied Sacraments
and good \torkf , iiuldiiig the Baptifm of
blood theoijely B.iptifm.
After thdc times ffmmg up fonie other Hcreticks, as
ScizjclHs^Djviel Ccuige, the Vhcriirjes^snd fome
othrtrsj^ who were quickly fupprcfled. AN
An Alphabetical! Table, containing the Perfuns
^.. Places, and Principall McUters in the Second
Part of the Hiftory of the World.
A
'Bafla Bajfaithe Revol-
ted TuA. 485.
Abbatifcella its Hi-
\ftorf. 367-
Ahhot of S.. Gall de-
feated. 36^. raifetha Civil War. 365.
J^hts of 5 .Gall, rvho 3 69 ■
Abdife, Patriarch of the Eafl. 432 .
Aberdene, built. 142.
Aberdene Divines ^ their caries
to the Covenanting Miniver s.6\%^ &c.
Abifmarus Emferor. 114.1:7.
Acephali, w^tf 95.
Achjeans fubdued by f^f Romans,
>). their infolencie, 4.
Achmet the Turk, and his Anions ^
480. makes Peace with Cccfar. ib.
Acho, King of Norway 343 .
Adalgifus,Pr/w^ ^/Salcrnum,i 3 5.
hddi^hxSf Emperor. 254.
iEnobarb fends the Turks two
Barksy rvhich are taken by Garcias.
39T.
iEtius the Generall. 93-)^^-
Afric lofl, I i 7.
Agxippsi^ his Anions anddeath.^i.
Agrippina. 42,&c.
Aiftalphus, King of Lombirdic.
121.
. Pivaturrts out their ^eftiits. 4,5.
Aladolus, King of Armenia behead-
■ ed. _ 473.
Alani, rohe 40. 90. 246.
Alanfon, the French Kings brother.
436.
: Alaricus. 88,90,9 1. Sacks Rome.
Duke of Albany, Regent of Scot-
land 5 and his Anions . 5 7 - , &c .
Alberts Pofieritie , MarqtiiJJes of
Auftria. 141.
Albert tf/ Auftria, Emperor. 254,
^C. his Lady. 255.
A\bert Emperor, his Title to 'Bohe-
mia, andjhortlife.^ 406.
Alhtti Arch Dttke of hxi^ni. 438.
Albinils defeated by Sevcrus. 62.
' Alboinps, King <?/Lombardy 104.
Alexander, the fftppofed fon of A"'
tiochus. 3
Alexander, Ptolemies fou in Law-,
16.
Alexander Zebina, King of Syria.
7. hiffacr Hedge, ih. is (lain. ib.
Alexander Janneus fucceeds Ari-
ftobulus /'» Ji'.doea, lO. /j'^ mmthfrs
his brother : his cruelties and death,
io,&c.
Alexander Clcopatras/(?;?-, and his
riBions. 16.
Alexandra Reignes in Paleftin.t7.
Alexander Ar Itobulus -^« fone-
fcapes out offrijon , 2 1 . « defeated by
Gabiniu?, ^. is beheadcA, zg.
Alexander Severus , a good Empe-
ror, 6^, &cc. his end. 66.
Alexander, brother of Leo the Em-
peror. 140.
Alexander, King <j/Scotland,2 33,
&c. his death. 44.
Alexander King of Scotland his
\^ciioriS. . 74.
Pope Alexander'^ ABiens againfi
BarbarofTa , and his gift to Venice,
1']%. his Synod. " ibid.
Alex mder, Lord ofihe fjles his Re-
bellion and fubm if fi on. 537.
Alexander, iT/w^^ James the third's
brother .^efcapes out ofpnfon, ^6'). made
Regent. '^66.
Alexius, Greek E»?/'(?y<>r , and his
loffes. 16^.
Strangled. 184.
Alexius Angelus , Greek Emperor.
1R6. 188.
Alphonfus "A'/wg- o/Afturia. 125.
Alpbonfus A'iw^ <?/ Arragon. 235,
Alphonfus the 11 of Sp.^in. 276.
Alphonfus leaves Naples to his ba-
ft ardf on. 45>i.
Amadeus Earlof Savoy , and his
Actions. 283.
Amadeus the 5 and 6 284.^c. his
'Exploits. ■ 285.
Amedius /^^ 7''i 286.
Amadeus his Commendation of the
privai
The Alphabetical Table.
vrivat Life, ^i\'j. bscomes a, fjMonk.
348-
Amadeii? made Pope, andtheCere-
memes of his Inauguration^ 350. he
rc(ig»es it, 352. hath divers HofJors
and Privdeages 'given him by the Sy-
nod of Laufanna . 352.
Amadcus 5'^ Duke of Savoy his
Ckxrity. 354-
Amadeus the 8 of Savoy , and his
Actions^ 345,&c.w4dff Dnke. 346.
AmaL.funta, the Gothifn ^f<?w.
lOI.
yimha^adffys from France 4 W Spain
to the Electors ^ 420. and their Mef-
fage. ibid.
Ambaffadors qitefiioned ^ and Mer-
chants imprifoned at Conftantinoplc
485
Ambrofe Btfho^. 86.89
America fnbdnedby f^? Spaniard.
431
Americas Vcfpuiius his Difcovery.
503
Amurath the Turk , Invades Hun-
gary , a,.dis defeated /ry Kimiadcs.
4c6,&c.
Amurath the fccond and his Acti-
ons. /•d35&c.
Amurath the third And his Actions.
Amurath, ornians brother Sultan.
482
Amurath^/^ life and death. 26^
Anaftafius Emperor , his good a.nd
had^xlities. 98,&c. his end. i 00.
Araftafius/^fW, Emperor. 117
Anaftatius the Patriarch. 1 20
Ancre the French Favor it, and his
end. 5 1 1
Andrew, King of Hungary. 224
Cardtnall of Saint Andrews Vice-
roy^ complies with the Queen Mother.,
<ynn.his Pnde.'^'jg. murthered. ib. his
Cafile t^iken and demol:jhed: 580
Andronicus Greek Emperor , his
Actions and mifer able end 188
Androniucs the elder .^Emperor.z^j
^c.unhappie in his children. 249
hnd.xom.c\y'i the younger. 2/if9. "vex
eth his Grandfather, ib. his life and
death. 250
Andronicus the- blinde Emperor.
261
■,yAnge\iy their Dominion ceafe .348
Anpu,Protectorof¥\:ancQ^2g6.con.
tefis rvith Burgundy , ib. tries all
means to raife monej.2p'j-his Coronati-
on and death, ib.
^ueen Ann beheaded ., and Ot^en
Jane <s^/e^^, 458.Ann <?/CIeve, and
Catherin Howard. 559
Antiochus Epiphanes his wicked-
nefs and Tyranny p . i his dedth, %
Antiochus Soter , hiskindnefs tOt
Hyrcanus.6,^p beats the Patthians.ib.
at lajl is [lain by them, ■ Ibid.;
Antiochus Lyzicenus. 1 1
Antiochus Gryphus. ibici^
Antiochus Eufebcs. ii,&c.
Anciochia overthrown by an Earth
quake. loi.Jhaken again. io8.-
Antipatcr his Actions. 20. made Go-
vernor. 29
Antipopcs. 258.277. CAufe great
'les. 334.352
Antonius hates Oaavius, andis
hated of the people-^he flies into -France.
29.W invited into Italy. 30. lofeth two
Legions., and is indangered by the Par,
thians.^ I . he crucifies and beheads An-
tigonus.3i. ?V defeated by OcSlavius,
and kills himj elf. 33. Anionic's rvido)V
<?/ Athens- 25s
Antonius, why called Pius. 55. his
YixceUency and Government ., and Phi..
lofophy.'iS. his excellent Gavemment
and Victories. ^j
Antony c/Portugall. 435
Don Antono of Portugal! afpjled
by the French.6o6.by the Englijh.ibid,
Apicius hanged him f elf. 3 7
Appius Claudius his Victory and
Triumph. 8
AquiIaPonticus.55.Aquileia. 6^
Arbo^aftus. 89
Arcadius Emperor. 90,&c.
Archelaus accufed and banijbed. 35
Ariftobulus wears a Diadem : his
murthers andbloudte r«(/..io, Arifto-
bulus, Alcxanders/o».i7,i/ifr/i;w with-
his brother , is defeated and carried to
Komc.20. efeapes. 22. is poyfoned. 29
Ariftonicus /^//JrrA on the Romaa
Torvns.g. is fent to Rome with the
wealth o/Attalus.ib. and there isftra>f,
gled. ibid.
Arius, and Arians. 8o,&c.
Armes of England ufid by ^een
Mary ^/Scotland. 5P7
Armionac
The .'Ajphabetjcal Table.
Artnignac taken frifoner. 301
Arminius in Holhnd occafioncth
much Debate. 443. fuj/prejfed atU-
tricht. 447
Arnulphus Emperor. 139
Ainulphus Duke of Bavaria. 14a
Arragonians chain Sicily /iWNaples.
Kingdo>».of hvvdigon in debate. ^o^
Arragonian Fleet defeated by the
Genuois. 489
Arras Rebelleth. 499
Axicmznthe Gz.xilo\sCaftain. 30c
Artenel , Captain of the Gantois .
298,&C.
Articles between King Charls cf
/"ranee, and Ktng Henry 5 of Eng_
land. 522
Articles between the Englifh and
Scots. 551
Articles between Edw.4. and the Fr.
K. at which SurgUndy florms. 558
iiT/^^ Edward 4. ki^eth anoldtvi^
dcfw for 20/. .558. is entertained in
J'rance. ibid.
Ajfembly of the :? "Eflates of Jrance at
Blois.. for fetling of Peace. ^07
Athanafius. 81.83.85.
Athens dejiroyed by the Turk. 262
Walter l£.arl of Athol his Punijh.
ment. 539
Attalus. 92.
Ax.i\h.^K.ofthe Hunns.94, 9^.39^
Atulphus. 5? 2
Aubigncy advanced by King^^mts^
Mdis accufedfalfty. 62S
A vcnion, the Popes Seat. 255
bought by the Pofe. 260
Auguftin. 93
AurdianEmperer.yi. hisend. 73
Aurelius Probus Emperor, ib. his
end. '74
Auria, Admirall of Genua. 261.
271
Auriflamme the holy Standard. 299
Auftrians quarrel mththe Switzers.
357,&c.
Auftrians make peace with the Ti-
^nxim. 361. make Warr npon the Can.
tons. 36 2. make Peace Again, ih. which
it fhortly after broken. ibid.
Babylon
B
1^ Abylon^ the Seat of the Sarazens.
'^^iCch'idcs hi! Actions. 2
Bada its Hi (lory . 372
Bajazet the Turk. 261. /;w tactions
^i^d death. 26 JSf.his fons. 265
Eajazet the Turk hn Actions. ^^69^
&c.
Bajazcts Rebellion againfl Soly_
man.i^jj.Jlrangkd with his four fons.
ibid.
Baldwin A'/>g- ^/Jerufalem. i6j
Baldwin de Burgo. 166
Baldwin Earl of Flanders , Empe-
ror of ^yz^iwimva. i8(5
Baldwin E^r/*?/ Flanders. 2 2 7, &c.
^d.\d\v[nthejecond. 228
Baliol King of Scots. 2^2. doeth
homage to King Ec^ward. 2:\/^. flyes
OHt againfl him. ib. hefuhmits, and it
imprifoned. 245
Edward Baliol King of Scots. 309
Baliol refignes his Right to the
Scotch Crown. 323
Baliol /«i//tifj Scotland. 324
'KznnocVh^Lxn Batted. 320
Baras the Perfian.io<5.Bardas C^*
far.i34.Barnabos afflicts Genua.272,
&c.
Barnabos quarrels with the Savoyen
286
Bafil the Emperor., and Bafil the
Eunuch. 149. Bafils Actions i')'^. his
crueltie upon the Bulgarians, hid. his
Victori cs anddeath. 1 50,&c.
Bafil ;V J Hiflory . 3 6 J
Bafilius, <;/ anhorfe-courfer, made
Emperor. I ■3'). his Actions. 136. his
death. ibid.
George Bafta forccth Religion,
404
Bafta and Batonus flrive for
Tranfiivania. 439
Stephen Bathors Valour. (399)
Steven Bator, King <?/Poland.436
Bator the Tranfilvanian. 438. An-
drew Bator. 439
Battel of Agencourt. 5 1 9. 0/ Ver-
noylc. 524
Gabriel Bator Halts between Cx-
far and the Turk. 404
Thorn as Bccket his life and death,
i88,&c.
aaaaa 2 Belg^y
The Alphabetical Table.
Belg^e, their Army againfi Caefar.
23.
Eelifarius. ioi,&c. his exploits,
I02j&C.
Bencozba. 54
Berengarius King o/ltaly.ljp*/'*-
Ittted ^mftror. 140.
Berengarius wwr^^^^re^- I4-3'
^txt'[\%^x\\Xi, the younger. 144
Berengarius takeri , 4W<!/ fet free by
the Emperor. !/{•). taken again and im-
prifoaed. ibid.
Berenice, ,g«fc;? o/JEgypc. 21
Bern /(S^w wV/* the Switzers . 361.
Berncvild and his Complices in Hol-
land. ' 449
Bicnna makes a League with Bern,
and other Camons . 371
'S>hnciymother of Saint Lewis. 229
Blanca Maria Diitchefs of Savoy.
355> &c-
Bocchus King o/Mauritania. 1 2
Bohemia troubled with their Kings,
255. Enriched and divided by Charls
the fourth 259
Bohemia troubled with Wars by the
HulTits. 334
Bohemians have Liberty of Reli-
gion. 442
Bohemia Rebels againfi Ccfar,
447> &c.
Boicbracius King of Bohemia, a
HuflTit. 409, &c.
Borg ias f oyfoned^and recovers^ 5 04
Boruffians fall of from the Marian
knights,/[i^. ^oynwtth Poland,ibid.
Bothwels ill offices between Murry
and the Hamikons. 617
Bothwell r flored to the difcontent
o/Murry. 618
Bothwell accufed of murthering the
King-^ and is made ZJ.o/Orkney. 6'20
Marryed^
Bothwell procUimedTraytor^
Surprifeth Leith
Botoniates Greek Emperor.
Bourdcaux fals off, and once to the
Englijh. 490
Boyds, their greatnejfe and fall in
Scotland. 563,&c.
Bngcxus the Tyrant 0/ Swethland.
265
. Britan invaded by Ccfar, 2 3 . Safe
5ritany it» controverfie. 290
Dttke of Britany reconciled to the
ibid
631
ibid.
164
King,^02. Dttke of Qtkms killed by
Burgundy. 304
Duke tf/Britany angry for the peace
betweenLcwis and his Subje^s. 495
Britany in -France troubled by the
Dukes favorite ^')0\ .Sues for peace, ')0z
Bruce King of Scotland, 244, He
confults with Cumin, who betrays him.
246. Efcapes firangely into Scotland,
and ki Is Cum'm. ibid.
King Bruce his contefiation with
K. Edward. 305
Bruce his good fuccejfe. ^06
Robert Bruce King of Scotland his
ff^ccejfe. 320
Bruce and his Nokility differ. 322
Bruce king of Scots his advice^ will
and death. 325
Bruciaus 4»^Baliolaus have divers
encounters 324, &c.
Bruges rebelleth. 342
Bruges begs pardon of the Duke,%%%
^runchilde her pHniJhment, 1 1 1
^runfwig like to be betrayed. 44A
5runfwicks o»f-rrf^«, 452. Hek
defeated by Tilly, ibid. Lofi his arme,
Brunfwick beat again by Tilly, ibid.
With other pajfages that year.. ib.&C
Brutus his death. 30
Duke of Buckingham animated by
D\Mo)iton,againfi KingKichard.s 54
his badfuccefs ; is betrayed andbeheam
ed. ibid.
Bucquoi,Brunfwick,Spinola,TilIy,
and other Commanders opprefs Gcrma«
ny. 451
Bulgarius.i 14.116.1 18. 120.127.
Converted twice. 132. Their SatteU
with Leo. 1 1\^. P/^4^tf Hadrianoplc.
141
Burdilcx, Covermr of PicmonE
his Petition to the French Kittg^andhis
Counfell about the delivery of the Sa,.
voyen Towns. 397. Anfwer thereto.
397'Scc.
Burgundie of old a Kingdom^now a
Dutchie ^ and Countie. 155.
Burgundians Co^v^y^tf^ to Chrifi,
92. Burgundy annexed to /"ranee.
276
Burgundians 3 times defeated by the
Switzers. 36:5*
D uke of Burgundy abfohed by the
Freitch King,and then takes Paris, t86
Is
The iHJphabetical lab
ie.
Is murthered by the Dolphin. 487. his
fon makes a League with England, ib.
Burgundy and Orleans reconciled.
489
^ Burning Glajfe. pg
Byzantium the Walls overthrown.
61 .Rebuilt^ and new named.Si. Ftred.
96. Its Library burnt. 97. a great
Slaughter there. loL Bejtegedby Fleets.
1)2. iiS. Taken by the Latins. 186.
Lofi ^^ Baldwin ?»f 2''. 228. taken by
Vd\«:o\oo\xs.z\6.Befieged and taken by
Mahumet z^. /\.66. its mij'erable Con.
dition. ibid.
CAha«ies the Pcrfian King. 1 00
Jack Cade's Rebellitn. .530
Cx(3it^Le^gf*e with Pompey.a I .he
promotes the Agrarian I/rim. 21. his
S ucc efs againfi Auktcs ^ the Helved,
zns^and Anovi^us.zi^Scc.the Belgre,
G^uh^and Britans.22, &c. he envies
Pompey .i^.fubdues the Auvcrni,He-
dui,4W others.^, refufeth to part with
his Army , or lay down his Commifjion.
i^.he fajfeth Rubicon, ibid, enters
Kome^and feifeth on the Treafurie.z6.
Attempts to SurprifePompey, and takes
in divers Towns, ibid, his fayings of
Pompey .ibid.^/.fPharafian Army and
Fight.ib. Scc.his courage in the Storm.
ibid.ibw skil in Swimming, i-j.he over^
comes Ptolomie's <^rmy^^\di.andthe
African under Juba, Scipio, andQz..
to,ibid.^/J ^Trium^hs,Feafis^ Magni-
' jicence and clemency. z%. his fifth Tri.
umfh^ Titles, Pride, Death , and Com^
mendations. ibid .4 1 6,&c
Cefar^orgias frw/fj(,
Caganus King of the Av'arcs. loj,
SccEnters Lombardy. lop
Calender Reformed. 437
Cdli^yih^his good and bad qualities^
his Tyr antes and death. 4o,&c.
C2\\^Befiegedby Burgundy. 527
Callis left by the Englifli. 596.
Demanded by Queen Elizabeth. J97.
599
J (^alo)ohanncs Bmperor^his Reigne
Calypha. \' '; 119
" CampobafTus />f r/^/ow. ' 410
Campfon Gaurius,^//)i^r/;£gypt
^-j Inroad to detth. 474
Caire befieged and taken. 530
Cantacuzcncis his life. 261
Canton Towns dejcribed. 373. Can_
tons beyond the A Ipes. 3 74
Car, E4r/(7/Sommerret/&/V Story.
Caracalla,^/i wicked Reigne and end.
Caroln, Queen //Cyprus. 354
Carolus Martellus. ii7,&c.
Carolomanus. 137
Carrarius his wickednefs and end.
Carthaginian War the ^^. horv occa,
fioned. 3. Debated in the Senat . rvhc
ther Carlh3S,e Jhould be overthrown. 4.
The Carthaginian Jhips burnt b\ the
Romans, and their City taken and bur.
ned.^.Their wrongs to Mafanilla.ib^d.
Carthage f.i^?»^)»Genrericus J then
^j'Belifarius. i 2
Carus and Carinus hisfon emperors.
74
Caflius his death ^^o. His Rebellion.
^ , . , 57
Catalanij who? 247
Cathibaius Sultan of Egypt. ^6p
Cataiins conjpiracy. 20
Cato laid in Chains, 22. ffee kils
himfelf jy
Cazanus the Tartar beats the Sultan
e/iEgypt,248. His error. 249
Prince Charls fent into Spain with
Buckinghamj639. Re turns ihiA. The
matchbroken. 640
Charls K. of great Britain, his aUi-
ons and erid. 6 if i ,&c .
K. Charls grants the Scots Presby-
terians their demands. 644, &c.
Charls the Bellicous. 154^
Charls e/Burgundy his loffes. 355
Charolois of Burgundy quarrels
with Lewis the eleventh^j^gz.Scc. His
hatred to him. 49 j
Charls o/Burgundies ambition,\p6
Full of troubles, ibid. His greatnejfe.
498
Charls of Burgundy beateth^ and is
beaten hy the Switzers. 498. Beaten
again,and is killed, ibid . His daughter
M^xy fends to ilT.Lewis. 499
Charjsf^f (Jre4?,i22,i25,&c. His
death and commendations, 128. And
famouf works. ibid,&c.
Charls of Anjou, 234
Charles
The A Iphabetical Tabic.
Chzrh the i>alde. ' i^6^Scc.
Chads de Blois. 29o,&c.
Charls sf Dyrrachium , 76o.Mur.
thered. ib.
Chzih the fair of Ftzvi.ct. 288
Ch'dth the Great's ijftte fails. 141
Charls theGrofs. i^j^Scc.
Charls 0/ Moravia Crowned Em-
f er or at Ytonn^i. 259
Charls King of Navarr. 292
Charh the Jintfle. 143
Charls the fourth Emferor^iS'j. his
Anions and death. 2 6 8 , & c .
Charls the fifth ^/France. 293, &:c.
Charls the fifth ends the Venetian
Warr. 4 1 g.The manner of his Electi»
on.^2C,&cc.Reafons for the fame. a^ix^
Scc.Is Elected.^2^. And Crotvned,^!^
Charls thefixth o/France.296.486
Charls the eighth of France , and
his Actions. 415
Charls the fifth Emperor his Pede-
gree. 344
Charls the fifth his Actions. 425,
Scc.his end. 431
Charls 7 o/Francc , his Mejfage to
Duke Lewis of Savoy, ^"y^. He makes
War again ft Savoy. 355
Charls 7 his Actions. 487, &c.
Qhzxh 'J his death. 491
Charls 8 tf/i='rance, his Reigne and
Actions. $oo,3cc. His death. 5 03
Charls 9 ofFxzuct. 507
C\\:ki\s King of 'i^a^lcsmurthered.
Charls 3^ of Savoy lofeth moft of
hisCountrey.^g^' '^ accufed l^y King
/"rancis. 394
X>«/te Charls of Szvoy exctifed.^g^
Dieth. 396
Charls the fifth Duke of Savoy.
^56
Charls Canutus King of Sweden.
3?6
Charls, Sigifmunds Uncle , a Pro.,
teft ant made King o/Sweden.378. His
Actions. 379
Charls taken by a Stratagem. 488
Childebertus. 1C4
Childericus. 97 •'^^\
Chilpericus King of i='rance. 121
Chrift is hom.^^.Difputes being 1 2
years ola.^6.his Actions ^Preuching and
Miracles.^S^SiCC.HisDeath,Ref»rrecti-
on, Afcenfion, and fending of the Holy
Ghoft. jp
chrift tans perfecuted./^^ '50.53. Ob-
tain Victory by Prayer.^j. Live quietly
HnderCommodns.^9.Falfty accafea.
6^.,^iet under Cn:ac3\h. 64. Under
Alexander Severus.65,&c. Perfected
under Maxiniinus.68. Under Decius.
6g. Under Walci'iM. ib. quiet under
Gallienus.70. Perfecuted under C\m-
dius.j 2. Under Aurelian.73.WW^fDi-
oclefian.7).c7-Maximianus.7<i.^Gi-
leriiis Maximinus.ibid. Licinius.79
chrift ianSy their good fuccefs again ft
the Sara'^ns. 165. Win andlofe Da-
miata. 224. Defeated at Ptolemais
22'). They lofe it. 2^6. Their fuccefs a^
gainft the Mores and Tunis. 2^7. Per,
fidious to the Turks. 248. Slain by the
JEgyftians. ib. Murthered by the
Turks in Hungary .400. Defeatedbj
Amurath. 408. Their lofs in i^fricz
under Scbaftian.435.T/'9 lofe Byzan^
tium 3 and are invited thither again.
466,&c.
Chriftianus the third. King of
Denmark. 340
Chriftian fourth of Dcnmart.
440
Chriftianus King of Sweden.
338,&c.
Chriftiern a cruel Tyr ant. ^^j.ChrL
{{km the 2^. 339
Chryfoftom. ^Oj&c.
Cicero, y^tf Tally.
Cimbrians, their Victories over the
Romans. 12. Their Actions about the
Alpcs in Spain , and in /"ranee. 1 3.
Their Women. ib.
Cinna his K^ctions. 1 5
Clauda, Montforc'i^r//^*.29o,&c
Claudius Cxfar, his Reigne, good
and bad qualities. 41. His Publick
Works. ^2 .He banijheth the ^etvs, and
IS poyfoned.^^.Fhx ius Claudius Em^
ferer.ji. Claudius Tsicitas Emperor,,
73
Clans, Turbulent Families in Scot,
land. 5?7,&c.
Cleander,Commodtis his Favorit.
58
Cleopatra, Phyfcons Queen, and
her Actions. 1 1. Cleopatra made
Queen by CxCzr. 2 j. Defeated by 0<Sta-
vius.33. Poyjonethherfelf. 33
Clergy Revenues aimed at. 518
Clodius -
The Alphabetical Table.
Clodius the Tribun. 21. killed by
Milo. 24
Clodoveus biifti'^dhj Remigius.
^SJhs nSfions. 99
Clodovcjus his facriledge. 1 1 3
Chriftopher Columbus his Bifco^
very. 502
Columni and Urlini. r%6
Columnii , their raging again/} the
Clergy inKomc, 425
Ifaacus Comneniis, Greek Empe-
ror Js af righted. 163
Comodus Emperor ^ his had quali-
ties.'yS . Efcapes divers dangers. \h. his
vanities.^g.his end. ib.
Computation from the years of Chriji^
when begun. 138
Conclave or da.ined.z/^6. revoked and
reneived. ;b.
Conference at Hampton- Co«rf.
634.1b.
Conradin Sultan <?/Damafcus.224.
Conradinus,/fl»c/Conradus. 234
Conradus, Emperor. 142
Conradus Salicus Emperor ^ his
tactions. i55,&c.
Conradus his expedition into Syria.
183
Conradus^ Fredericks fon.226.2^\.
. Confi.tbleof Vnncc, his pride. 496,
wokU have the King (wear. 497
Conjlableof France imprifonedby
the Dak e o/Bvitany . ib .
Conjlable offnncc his death plotted
by the King and Duke./^^j. delivered
and beheaded. 498
Conftantin.77./^^ defeats Maxcnti»
us.jS.and Licinius.79./V confirmed by
thef^htofthe Crofs^ and his victories
thereby J\\)\d. his excellent Government
and Piety. So. no friend to Rome.81.
his tvavering. ih .his goodnefs and death
82 .his /owj-jConftantinjConftans, and
Conftantius. ib.
Conftantin /[fi^. Emperor, izo. his
actions. lb. his death. 1 2 1
Conftantin, Irenes [on. 123
Conftantin, Tot's Con. 141
Conftantin , Bafils brother , his
y eigne. 151
Conftantin Monomachus Emperor.
158
Conftantin thelaf. /\66
Conftantinople mmh difiempered.
482.484.
Conftantinus Pogonatus. 113
Conftantius his actions and end. 83
Conftantius a great Commander. 92
Conftans Emperor. 112. his actions
and end. jb,
Corinth defiroyed and burned by the
Romans. 5. Cor/«f^//t« brafs. 5.
Cornifh men defeated, 5^8
Cofrocs.ioc.io2,&c./w(!/^4/^.i05.
achrijlian.ic6. Cofrocs the jecond.
106 Ms cruelty Ah. nnll makenopC'Ue
rvith Hcraclius. 109. urgeth Nejloria-
nifme. 1 1 o
Co (Tacks and Croats cruelty. 45 3
Coftlicks molefi the Mufcovit and
Turk.48o.^f4/^^f Tartars. 482.
Covenanters , their Forces and de-
mands from the King. 6i\\ . their info-
lencies. 645
Councel of Nice.8o.()/'Tyre.8 1 . of
Sardica.83.0/ Niillan.84. o/Arimi-
;j«;w,(?y^Se!eucia.ib. of Alexandria. 85
of Antioch.ib. (?/Conftantinople.88.
tf/Ephefus. 9.;. o/Chalcedon.95. of
Conftantinople.io3.o/Tolcdo. io8.
0/ Conftantmoplc. 114. <;/Trullus.
116. o/Conftant!nople.i20.<'/ Nice.
i2 3.o//'rankford.i24,o/Aix.i30.<7/^
Conftantinople.i36.«)/Ravenna.i4T.
o/Lateran.2 2 3.fl/Lions.2 26.275. of
Conftance.354.e/Bafil. ibid. 3 50. of
Papia.335. ^//'lorens. 336. ^^o. of
Pifae. 4i9.<»/Tfent.p9.432 &c. of
Lateran. 172.192.
Conuela of Sutrinum , depefeth 3
Popes, 158
Craford fals off from Douglafs.544.
Cxzffusfent againft Ariftonicus , is
defeated and killed. g. Cr aftlis robs the
Temple y is defeated, and he is killed by
f^f Parthians. 25
Cremona burnt. 48
Crefcentius re^f /j, and is hanged at
Rome. 152
Cromwel , the Clergies great ene^
mie. 5 " ij. beheaded. it>..
Crannus kils Niciphorus the E^-
peror .\ii .and makes a Cup of his Skull
I ip.Jubdued. ib.
Cumin, r/V^rc) tf/ Scotland. 325,
Cyprus fubject to divers changes.
l^6.&c.
Cyprus after divers changes becontes
the ilcncthns Jjland . 414
Cyril o/Alexandfia. 94
Dalmatia-.
The /Alphabetical Table.
D
W A\aiiU3. fuhdftedhy theKom^ns.
Damiataf^/rw. 224. and retaken ib.
229
D zn&^,And the ir Wars. 128. converted
10 the Faith. 130
Danes Majjacred; they fttbdue Eng.
ghnd/nd -are defeated tn Scotland,
J 5 3 . ^ojfon:d. 156 .troubled by their
Kings. 230.251
Danes'W Hamburgers qunrrel. 463
Daniel Dof.RufTia cheats the Pope. 246
Danijh Jmbaffaderto ^een Elizabeth
609
Darby the Queens husband murthered
620
Darknefs. 120. 1 24
David Kiyg of Scots conveyed into
Frarce. 324
King David returns from France and
invades England. -^26. is beaten.\h.
taken frifoner^Ranj^ned ^ died.ih.
David Prince of Scotland famijhed.
535
Deems, his Reigne and end. 69
Demetriuj the'Son ofSekucus/zV acti.
tns.i.why called Soter. 5 .he is aain.
h.his fon Demetrius overcome by
^onathas. 3. Demetrius Nicanor.^.
he is overthrown, ib. overcomes the
PerfianSj and is take»,^.he efcapes
and is retaken by Phraates .6. regains
Syria, andlofethit.j. is overcome
dndflai-fi.ib. Demetrius liuCaui^K.
o/Damafcus , his Actions. 11. &c.
iDcnhomk Jloutlyrejifieththe Bnemy.
460
Denmark. 265
Denmark full of troubles. 171
Denmdvl^' s Hijiory. 338,&c.
DcnmaikV Army defeated by Tilly.
.457. his Proceedings in Germany.
' ^'iS.Scc.flyeth. 460
K.efDcnrmxk entertained by .K.James
Dcfidcnus lafi King of the Lombards.
122
Didius Julianus Emperor. 60. his end.
61
Diodcfian "Emperor. 74-78.
Diodatus called -Tryphon , murthers
jonatliUs. 5
Diofcorus ^/Alexandria. 94.97
Dithmars fubdued by the Duke of
Holft. 432
Dolphinat fold.2j6.TheDolphHs quar-
rels tvith the Savoyen. 282
Dolphinat annexed to -France. 292.
The Dolphins care in his fathers ab^
fence. 293
The Dolphin raifeth the Counfel ofBs^
fil. 336
Dolphin flyes from France to Burgundy.
491 .^^ Zeal ag.iinjl the Turk. ib.
Dolphin's and King Hcnrie'y Mejfages.
518
Dolphin murthers Burgundy, and is
complained againfi. 522
Domitian , his good and bad qualities,
^o.his rid.'culofii anions and end. ib,
&cc.his wurtherers murthered 5 2
Donald and Duncan, Kings of Scot..
lanL 174
Donald of the Ijles fubmits to the King
545. his infolencie and facr Hedge
562,&c.
D ort maintains her Privi ledges. 253
Dott Synod againfi the K^rminians
449
Douglafs his expedition into Ireland,
Douglafs and Percie pght a Duel.-^zg.
the effects thereof. ib
Douglafs his great nefs and ambition.
'^\o.betrayed and beheaded. j^i
Douglafs perfecutes the Chancellor and
Regent. 5 42 . /> perfecuted and fia/n,
543
Douglafles infolencies againfi the K,
■)^/\.they are perfecuted. ib. andfrt,
fcribed. 545
Douglafles , Hamiltons and Humes
dfiurb Scotland. J7i^&c.
DouglafTes/'ro/fr/^^^, /t;«i Tantallon
Cafile furrendred. 5 74
)Douglafs Earl of Motion, Regent. 62'j
is removed. ibid.
Drakes Navigation. go 2
Conftant'n Ducas, Greek Emperor g-
vercomes his enem.e by prayers . igg
'Dwvibzx occafions anew War between
the two Kingdoms. 5 ^o
DuncanE4r/ ofM.zt,Protector of Scat,
land. 324
E
EArls ^/Holland. 251 .^c^ ijS.Scc.
£arlof^eneff\\xsijj. Earls of
Savoy.279,&c.
Ear
The Alphabetical Tabic.
Ba rl of O rkney beheaded^ and hu Ca-
files taken. 637
Earthquakes. $)4,&c. loi, 103, 114,
120,254,4 ''^2, 508.
Edcnburgh taken by the Englifl) ,
■-o... 578
Edcnbiirgh Cajlle battered and furren-
dred, 6^6
Edward the Confeflbr Crowned :
'' - . 159
frince Edwards Actions. 212 jiScc.
Edwarfl frince of England , marries
. ifith Elenor the Spaniards fifter. 2^0
' 'Hisfervice in the Holy Land . 241
Bis Return, and <^£tions at borne ^
Being King. 242
Quarrels with his Clergie, anA doeth
homage in France. 242 . His Ex'pe-
dition into Scotland, ibid. Into
Flanders. 249. His dealings rvith
.': 'Bruce and Baliol. 244. He runs
through Scotland, and brings away
their Monuments. 245
Edward £/tr/o/Savoy. 284
Edward ^England denied the Regen-
cy of France. 288. Challengeth the
French to fight. 2 89. Makes a truce
rvith France. 290
frinee Edwards Victory at Poidiers.
292
Edward the frfi's Anions. ^ c/\
Edward the i^ <?/England,^/if Life cjr
death.^o$,dcc. He and his Qa^een at
Variance. 307
Edward the a'' rejignes his Crown, and
ismurthered. 30 S
Edward the 5"* doth homage in France:
His cruelty ^oSeaton. 305?. Helps
Baliol. ibid.
Edward the 3^ his aciions, ib. &c. His
Death and Iffue. 314
Edward King ef England fends a
tjlfonk to poifon Kzndul'ph. 323
JT.Ed wards preparation againfl Scot-
land. 32^
Edward fA^ fourth King of England,
and his Anions. 54d,&c.
Edward the fourth furnifbed withjhip-
fing by the Duke of Burgundy; He
is received into \oxk. 549. /jr^-
m-y^^/Wtf London, ibid. Defeats
Warwick, and takes kin^ Henry
prifoner. ibid. The Queen alfo and
Printe. 558. Enters France, a»d
'\ : '^^akes pt4ce with the FrenchJT. lb.
King Edward the fourth deluded by the
French and Scots, 551. Dieth'. ib.
Edvfiwd the fifth ibid.
Edward theftxtb his Reign, 586, &c.
His char itpindZ^al. 590
Egypt-j^//^ off from the Empire. 1 1 7
Egyptians ^j.('(? Tripoli. 248. Prel
fail. 2-49
Egyptians dcfe.ited by the Turks 474
Eledors fl/Gcrmanie meet about choo-
//wg-z^/yf Emperor. 420
Elinor Qu. tf/'Enghnd, 242
Lady Elizabeth fent to the Tower y to
Richmond, to Woodftock.592&c.
iW)' Elizabeth />r at liberty by King
Philip. 59)
Queen Elizabeth her Raign. 597, <^c.
Helps the ProteJlants,ih').d. Declared
an Heretique. 600. CHany Trea-
fons againfl her. ibid. Sends aide
into Scotland, ibid. Navigations
in her time . 60 1 ,& c. Shee proteBs
the Netherlander s. 603. i^ndwhy.
ibid.
Qu. Elizabeths preparations againfi
the Spanifli Invafion^ 604. Shee
thanks God for Fiifory. 606
Qu. Elizabeth intercedes for QJvlary,
but is denyed by the Scots. 623.
Sends Sulfex. 624
Qii. Elizabeth /"(V/zf/W by the Scots
to name them a Regent. ibid.
Queen Elizabeth's Treaty with Queen
Mary. 629. Her forrow for her
death, 631
Qu. Elizabeth's i^4f A. 613
Bifhop of Ely TroteBour of England
in the ab fence of King Richard .-
i89,&c.
Emanuel Philbert Duke of Savoy,
recovers what his Father had lofi.
396
Charls Emanuel D. of Savoy takes
the towns o/CarmanioIa and Salu-
fium. 398
Emanuel of ThcfTalonica with his fe-
venfons. i6z
Empire torn by the Barbarians. S6,9^.
Tranflated 125
Made Tributaries . 1 2 7
Empire 4? Trapczuntium. 233
Emperors Colleagues, 257
Emperors ^/Byzantium. 261
Empire proffered to K. Edward <?/En-
gland. 267
bbl?bb Th^
i he Alphabetical Table.
7 he Emperour/^^5 roith England^
againfiVnncc. 289. and is taken
of again. ibid.
B.mpcYor cmpLiins toWolky agahjl
France. 553
Empfon and Dudley beheaded for op,
frefsion. 55°
England hj whom called [0.129. hath
Wars with France. 230. Troubled
under King John. 231. Wars again
r^ith France. 2 3 2 . Troubled with the
Barons Wars. 24 i. The Englifh
trouble Savoy. 285. Have Warres
with France. 289. Thej beat the
French ^j 5^4. 290. And bj Land
4f Crefcy. 291. Their Warres in
Britany ^W Normandy. 290. they
take Callice. 291. Beat the French
at Poii5l:iers. 292. Spoil and plunder
France.293. Are beat by the French
At Sea and at Land.^p/^. They com-
plain againft the French, and the
French againft them. ib. & 29 5 .
Engl and s troubles under Henry the
fourth. 515. &c. Bnglifli beat the
French. 5^4
Englands troubles under Henry the
ftxth. ^ 2 9j &c. Under Edward the
fourth. 547, &c.
Englands troubles under Henry the 7.
546, &c.
Englidi inv.tde Scotland by Sea and
Land. 324, &c.
Englifh lofe all their Holds in Scot-
land. 325, &c.
England 4;>^Scotland wajijcach other.
' 3^75 "SiC,
Engl i fli plot di [covered. 328
Englifli fucce(fe in France under Edw.
the ^'^. ^10 ^Scc.
Englifh maffacred in Paris . 48 ^
Englifh loje Guyen and Normandy.
490
Englifli and French qnarrell under
Hcnyy the ^'^ 5i8,&c.
The Englifli ^(?o<^ fuccefs in France.
5i9,&c.
Their bad fucceffe. 523,526,&c.
Englifli Regents of France. 524, &c.
Their various fuccejfe in France.
537, &c.
Englifli Lords folUcite king J^mcs for
aid. 545.
Englifli aide the Britans againft the
French. '^i\6
Englifli invade France under Henry
the%. 557
Englifli beaten by tht Scots. ^79
Seat the Scots. 580
Beate.i bphe Scots. 581
Englifli Fleet fp oiled upon the Or-
chades. 583
The Englifli lofe all they had gotieri in
Scotland. 589
Englifh Ambaffadors their Conference
with the French C ounce U about CzL
lice. 599
Englifli/f;»^4 Fleet for Czdiz, which
they take J 6o8,d^f , For the A^res.
609
Englifli Arm) againft ^Maries /rf^/-
on in Scotland . 624
Epiphanius 5///jt'/'. 91
Ericus K. of Denmark. 251
Ericus King o/Swedeland. ■^^6,^c,
EfTex [ent into Ireland to fupprejfe the
Rebels. 610
R eturns dtfcontented. 611
EfTex counfelled by the Lord Keeper to
fubmit to the Queen,<t«rf his Anfwer
thereto. 612
Eflex his Difconten'ts and Rebellion,
ibid.
His apprehenfton and Death. 615
Eudoxia brings Peters chains. 93,
Eudoxa mother to Childcricus.
102
Eutichcs the fferetiq'ue. 94. Eutiche-
ans divided. 97. Their mouths wit,
tily flopped. igo
Euxin Sea frofen. 1 2I
Exceter befieged andrelieved^'^SSySccJ
"CAramund.
9i
Faufta. 81
The Feaft of All Saints Inftttuted .-
Ferdinand dri'ves the Mores out §f
Spain, 234
Ferdinand King of Hungary and Bo-
hemia. 400
Ferdinand hath Wars with Solyman,
401
Fcrd inand the Ca tholick King. 415
Ferdinand bujes his place from Soly-
man. 431. Byeth. 43J
Ferdinand 2<* Bmperor. 448. Rejelied
by r^tf Bohemians. ib.
Fcrdi.
The Alphabetical Tabic.
Ferdinand declares againji Frederick
/'/■»§• ^/Bohemia. 449
Fctherllone vehi^fed and hanged. 595
Flavianus Bipop.^/^. banijhed. pp
FJavius Conftantiiis Chlorus,75,&c.
Flemins rebell againji the French, 238
and heat them, ibid . And are beaten
by them, 2^9. are beaten again^z^S
their outrage. 291
Florentii Earles of Ho/land, 2')i,Scc.
Florentius the ffth claims the crown
of Scotland. 253, Florentines
make rvar againji the Pifans. 259
'Blona.rv&s Emperor. 73
France raifeth a mighty ^Army againji
England. 317
Francis the French King cemplames
againji D. Charles of Savoy, ^g^
His reafons.' ib.
Francis the French Xing blamed, 395
Complained againji by the Emperottr.
ibid.
Francis King of France aimes at the
Empire, but miffeth it, 420,425.
Quarrels with Chzrls the ffth. ^zS
His Reign and Actions. 505,&c.
^titiks and Almains overt hrotvm, 103
French fubdued in Spain, 108.
French kings diJjolHteneffe. 113.
, 'Biz.nct its twelve Peers 129. The
French Peers re']e^ the Grecian
affinity. 22%. Have Wars with Eng-
land, 2 3O3&C. TakeScmly, and
ure dejlroyed in it, 2 1^, &c. Ma^a-
credat Bruges.238. pefeatedinthe
battell at Qomx.'ny . ib. They btat
the Flemins, 239. They fall upon
Flanders. 243 . Driven out of By-
zantium. 247, French kings when
Crowned, 2']']. Vrcnch reconciled to
Flanders, 287. They make warre
upon England . 289. Beaten by the
Englifh. 290, &c. They beat the
Englijh. 294. Make a League with
Guftavus the King of Sweden. 382
The French fucce^e in Savoy. 394
The French i^mbajfadors (]}ew rea-
fons, why the French king layeth
jclaim tojome parts of Savoy. 397
French quarr ell with the Vo^c, and
Venetians. 418. Driven out of
Lombardy. ibid. In France Civtll
War between the Papifis and Pro-
tejiants.^^') . France much troubled
J by the D. of Burgundy. 486
French over run bafe Eritany. y i
<i»^ Naples, but lofe it again-, yet
found a new Difeafe. 5 G 2 , &c. beat
by the Switzcrs. 50 5 . Their divers
actions. 506
Vnnccfghts for Religion. 5O7
Pejlcred with Civ/ II War. 50$, &c.
Conjult about choofmg a new King.
ib.
More Civill Wars. 5i3,&c- Beaten by
the Englif}) at Agcnconrt. 5 1 9
French and Engliili have divers con-
fliBs. 525. 'Beaten ^j //'e Englifh.
524
French hinder the Union between Eng-
land 4W Scotland. 560,562
French fend aYleet againfi the J fie of
Wight. ^ 561
French labour with the Scotifli Regent
to refigne.his place to the Q.Mother.
582
French Kings Race. 150
Yx^ikts cut ojf. 579
Frederick Barbarofla his AB ions and
end. 1 76, iSrc. his fubmifsien to the
Pope. 178
Frederick BarbaroflaV end. 181
Frederick oj Bohemia quite defeated.
450. interceded for. 453
Frederick the firfl kmg of Denmark.
340
Frederick thefecond Emperor. 2 2 2 j&c
His contejlation with the Pope, 223
Hii expedition into Afia. ibid .
Returnes , and is reconciled to the
Pope. 224, &c.
He contejls again with the Pope.
Is cur fed by him . 7z6
BuiUs Vi<5toria -, and is beat at
Parma. 226, &c.
Ispoyfoned. 227
Hisparts,wives and children, ibid.
Frederick J Alberts /o« of Thuringia.
Frederick ofAnflria Emperor. 257
Taken prifoner. ib.
Frederick f^f third Emper our, and his
x^Bions. 409, &c.
Frederick the Palf grave dyeth. 391
Frederick Palatinfent Ambaffador into
Spain. 424
French afsifi the Earle of Flanders a-
gainjlthe Flemins. 299. prepare a
fleet againft England. 300
b b b b b 2 Plunder
The /Alphabetical Table.
Plunder di-vers Englijh Towns.
French King Phr antic. '^02. like to be
burneain itmask. ^o-^
French make divers Leagues with the
Swif^rs. 376
French K. in alow condition./\.SS.and
Fiance much diflr acted. ib.
French make ^mci? ivi^/' England, and
faj a Penfton to Henry the feventh.
547
French fend aid to Scotland. 5 80. with
the See's beficgeW-xM'wxoion. 581
French Jmbafjadors defire erejf&d by
the Scots Parliament. 615
Friburg plundred hy their Lord. 364.
ihej confederal with the Cantons.
364
Duke of /'ridland Cencraliffimo. 388
G
John Gabeas of Millan , his Actions
and Death. 332
Q-ikiinwy'i accujed, defended^ andcon^
demncd. 3 3
Bethlecm G^ho^c [wears Fealty to Cx-
far and the Turk. 404. his other
Actions. ib.&c.
Bethleeni Gabor defeats Batorius.
l' z:^'). reconciled to Cie'i^x. 451
Gainas. 90
Qzlhi his Reigne and end. 47
Galeacius. 25 8. Galeacius a lover of
Learning. 268
Galerius Ma'ximinus "Emperor, j/^. 76.
CalWczns fold and mttrthered. 46
- Gallia divided. 96
Gallienus Emperor.6p.,Scc.his neglect
and folly. 7 1 . his end. ib .
G^\w% 'Emperor. 69. G alius C^efar.
82,&C.
Gambalot Satrapa o/Alcpo , foltcits
,,, the Pope and Caefar. 413
.'Gafcony fals out with Montfort.
" . 240
'Gavefton ^ing Edwards Yavorit.
Gz\A% overthrown by Q^ Fab. Max.
10. by Cx(■dT.2^,&cc.they rebel. 24.
G 3 unt full of troubles . 295. rebels and
fubmits. 295,&C.
Gant rebels againjl their £<??'/. 298, &c
makes a league with /"ranee. 300
Gantois rebel and are beaten. 290
Gantois careful oft heir Dut chefs .499
Gazelles Govetfior of Syrm, over'
thrown. '-" V;> 7. 475
Geberd Bifiop of Cokn , a Phtefiarit
Gemes, Bajazcts brother. ^€9
Geneva its Hifiory, 371
Geneva'^ Earls contefl with the Savoy.
ens.2So,Scc. 284.
Bijhop of GcneviL a covetous man. ^^j^
&c. imprifoned by Galcacius.356,
Geneva in danger. 440
Genfcrieus facks Rome. 96
Genua and Venice contend ftr the mn-
flery of the Sea. 167
Genua implores the French help againp
the Py rats. 301
Gcnuois defeat and are defeated. 161.
1 heir long Wnr with 'Wo^\ct. 271.
They reform their City, make league
with the Emperor ^ and beat the Fe,
}ictian Fleet. 27 X., &c. take Saint
Nicholas Church.^ and the Towrt
Clodia. 272. they beat the Robbers^
27-^. andthe Venetians. 274. their
error and lofs. ib. make peace with
Venice. 275. bejieged by the Milh-
nois. 287
Genuois take two Kings prifhners.^ and
are angry they were dif miffed with,
outranfom. /!^Sp. the) wake Kcnc
King of "Sables. ibid.
Germany ;>? a bad condition. ^Sx, 388
Germanic'/ miferies prefaged. 392
Germany troubled )ivith Religions and
rebellions. 426.430.
Germany in a woefull condition. 449,
&C.458.
Germanicus hisvietories avd death.
36, Sec.
Germans defeated. 22, 8cc. Germany
made a Province. ^').ihey fubmit to
Prohus.7 $.Jlain by Conftantius.75
their Nobthty killed. t7\^i. their civil
wars. 1 2I ,&c. their div'ifions about
the Emperor. 255 .Gttmziif divided
under two Emperors. 257
Geta murfheredby M brother Cara«
calla. 61
G\\\mQX.^KingoftheVzx\Az\s. 102
Glarona and other Towns joyn with the
Swit\ers. 360
Archhijlrop af Glafco'j firange death.
■ ', '-'^''^ ■,, ■■■--■''• -54.2
Diike 0/ Gldcc'ftbr ab^fiihih): cMu.
UwQueenand Eari Kmts 551.
munhers
The Alphabetical Tabic.
murthers the Lord Grey with others.
ib. if made Protector. ^') 2. gets cun-
ningly the young Duke ofYoxVfrom
the ^ueen hif mother. {h\d. futs the
King and his brother in the Tower.
ibid, his cowplying with Bucking-
ham, ibid, he accujeth the ^Queen of
Witchcraft.lhid.kheadeth Haftinjs
and others. '^'y^.imploys Doctor Shaa
to Preachy and fet forth his Title to
the Crorvn . ibid . cunningly got him-
self to he Crowned, ibid. c/i»feth tk
young King and his brother to be
murthered. ib. hinders the 'Earl of
Richmonds marriage, ^^o.raifech
Jin Army ^^6.isjlain, and his car-
cafs dijhonorahly buried. ib.
GodaUfcus the Monk. 1 34
Godfride o/Bullion. 1^4, &c.
Gordianiis Emperor. 67. his end. ibid.
Gordian^^e third his reigne and end
68
Gordon and Forbcfc's fgf^tin the
North. 616
Gotl^.Sy.Sg.mfirthered.^o^Scc. In.
vade luly. ib. WRomc. 9::. are
driven thtnce. loi. grow (lately. 106.
drivin itito Bifcay , 117
Gowric feifeth onthe King^andisbe.
headed, 6z%.^c.
Gtamfe, Archbifljop of Saint Andrews
perfecuted. 564
Gratianus Bmperor. 86.88.
Greece ^adt a Province.^, its tnifera-
ble condition. 228. Greeks reconciled
f<>^^^Latihs,233,&c. 247, Greek
Chtirch divided. 2 48. G reece tome
in fiicei. 261. G reek Emp eror ends .
ib.Gl'eek tohgut brought back to Ita-
ly. ■ 277
Greeks their treacheries. 1 <S 5
tjit^tfthegreat^ King <>/Scotland.
Pope Gtrgory feaveiUh 1 60 , depojeth
theSHim'vr.h.irirtiprifoned. ib.
Gtikn'stmrHiJlory. 57°
(jtKdks'rji'greattroable. 451
Gry phus made King by his mother. 7 .
i^hij>n he poyfonvth, quarrels with his
hrather about the Kingdom of Syria,
■ isjliiifi-.^'- ' '^ ■ lb.
Guelfs4WGibellih^;i^\. 254. 25^
.y.\ •."■'. ..>'>.-'. ••'( . g-
^tiidOyM^Uifshfhtm^. 143
Guifes' ^ftkrhd hythi It inch King.
60S
Gunpowder treafon. 634
Gufhivus Adiilphus King of Sweden^
and his Actions. ^79 .^Scc.enters Po-
inerania.380. decltires the wrongs he
. fiijlained h the Emperor [h. he Jends
abroad his edicts. ^Si. his Victories.
38o.38i,&c. he defeats Tilly. sS6.
takes in many Towns . ^Sj.indanger-
c'd at InpolTtad. ^^9. he hajlnethto
relieve Saxony. ^pi. if wounded and
dieih. ib. his corps fent home. 332.
Cuftiivus makes peace with Poland
^62 .hefnds Germany in great dif-
iempers. " ^5^
Guy, Earl of Vhndcfi. 1:^2. affjled by
king Ed ward .242. taken prifoser.
278
Hkbzsb\X':oreleaJ€d. ^61
Hadrian his Government and
hctories.')^. his good and bad qua-
lities Ab.SiC. hisficknefs, death and
Tomb.ib.he vexed the Jcws.ib. Ha-
drianppolis , the Turks chief Seat.
Ha'garius Sultan led in triumph. 1^6
Hall Bajfa the Eunuch (Iain. 472
Hamiltons <>r/^/;?.r/, ^22
James Hamilton, EarlofAttm., Vice-
roy e/Scotland. 576,&c.
Hamiltons and other Lords form at J2^
Maries Cratch. 619. are driven
from Edcnburgh ib. are hamjhedy
and return. ib.
Hamilton is denied the Regency. 627,
fent to Edenburgh Cafle. 623
Hans-Ttfiv;«5/« Germany. 269
Ha.ns ■rTowns perfwaded to fide with
Cxfar. 45P
Hatto Bifbop of Mints. 142
Hatto Sijhop (?/Mints , eat up by rats.
145
Wzy defeats the Danes in Scotl.14'7
Helena. 81.85
Henry Beauclerk King ofEnghndihii
Reigne. , . I75,&c.
Henry fecond, King of England. 188.
his troubles and Penance. ,188 &c,
Henry Duke of E^nc2&.cx mAde King.
Henry King of England , Regent of
i^rancc- \ 48^7
Eiemy third. 507, &c. Henry feurfh.
508.&C.
Henry
The Alphabetical Table.
Hcnxy fourth of England , and his
Kcigncy 1 5 . Articled againfi. 516,
Sec. e [cafes artd overcomes divers
Treafons .^I'^.Scc. dkth. 517
Henry fifth, King of England, hts
K eign t and ABions. 518
Henry {ixth^ Crowned at Paris. 487
Hcnxyf xth o/England,W his reigne
5 i^yScc.Cron'nedtn Fiance. 526.
Henry fixth his MArnage.^z^. his lof-
' fes, \b. duels takertfnfotier.') ^1.^5^
546
Kifig Henry reflored to his Crown hy
Warwick. 54§
Henry fixth murthered. 558
Hcmy feventh King of England^ and
his Afiions.^i\^^&:c.hisdeath. 550
Henry eight , his <^£tions\b. Sec.
groives wear) of his ^leen. 5 54
Henry eighty his eagerncjs to he divor-
ced. ^"^"^^ &c. quarrels with the
church. 5 5 d
Henry the jight dcftrcs to meet James
the ffth, which is denied. 575
Henry the ci^ht deftres to match his f on
with the Scots ,§ueen^ which is deni-
ed. 576
King Henry the eight his Death, Wi/l,
character Wives and ijJiie.')6i,SiCC.
Hcniy made Prince of Wslcs. 6^6
Henry the Fowler.^ Emperor. 142, &c.
Himy,Oil\o s brother. 144.
Hcmy, fon to Frederick thefecond. 223
Henry, Lantgra^e (j/Thuringia. 226
Henry, Bald win'f ^r(7/^fr 228
Henry, King John's fon of England,
i^z.his Wars with Frmc.c. ib.
Henry the third .^ his exploits. 2/\o. he
quarrels with his Peers. ib.
Henry (j/Lucclburg, Emperor. 255.
poyfoned, 256
Henvy fee ond.^ Emperor ^and his actions.
1 54. lamed hy a leap - his death.
ib.
Henry third^ V.mptrorjhls actions. 158,
SiLChis death. 159
Htmy fourth. Emperor, Aiid his acti-
ons.[h.&ic. his Penanee to the Pope.
160. his end. i5i
Htnvy ffth^jKperor , his dctioits. 169 ^
Sects vexed hy the Popes. 1 70
Uemyjixth, called M^t, Fjoperorjiis
actions and end. ipz
Henry <?/Juliers offended^ and reconci-
led with Brunfvvick. 446
Henry /ft W, King of France and his
actions. 5o6,&c.
Hcmy third of France ^entertained at
Turin. 398
Henry the fourth of France , becomes
Catholick.')0^^isjlahhed. 511
Henry o/Navarr excommunicated.6oj
Proclaimed King^ and affifled by ^^
Elizabeth. 608
Hcraclius, Emper.iog- he fuhdttes his
enemies.^ and recovers the Crcfs. iiOo
diet h.iii .his race endeth. 116
^er^/?w.5i,&c.55,&c.58.62,&c.66.
68, &c. 71.80. 84. 88. p2.5>4
&c.L^7.iC3.246.433.
Herman r/'f Palatin forced to carriesi
dogonhisfhmlders. 176
Hermaphrodites ominous to^omc. 8
\\txodi,his actions.2^.he is made King,
3 1 . flatters Hircanus, and drowns A-
riftobiilus3 2 ir/^ej Antony. 35. he
doats uponCXco^ztiZyhis infolencies^
he is defeated at Adium.ib. hepnts
Hircanus to death, and makes his
peace tvith Odavius.ib. he defeats
the Arabians, ib. he mart hers Man-
amncj Alexandra, and the Sauhe^
drin.^^.his buildings ^ niurtbers^ and
wives., his death. ib-
Hexamilium the wall i» Pcloponcfus
454.467
Hierom. 93
Hircanus y»ft^f^j his ' Father Syraon^
i/jjudca. 6. his a£tions.ib.he ever,
throws the Temple of Samzm.y. and
the City alfo.io.hedieth. ib. Hirca-
nus , AkxandcrV/o/^. 1 7. qttarrek
with his brother 20. is efiahlifhediti
the Pontifcat.29JoJihis ears.^i-de-
li'veredbyHciod.^2,andput to death
35
Hollands ff//orjf. 251. ingreai ireti.
hies. 27$
Hollands Hifiory,a»d their Harls.^^^.^
&;c. troubled with civil war. 342
H olUnd ers infefi the Spaniards. 44s
Holland troubled about their Excife,
446
Hollanders good fuccefs atfea and land.
46i,&c.
Homar. 113. Homar^wiHalL 265.
Hooorius hmperor. 90
Hormifdas the Perfian King. i «6
Home, the Swtdifb General. 392
Befpftden fuceeed the TetnfUrs. 2 59
aitd
The Alphabetical T^ble.
att^fakeBDiodes. ib.
iiugo, £arl of Ades. 143
Humbert J frfi/eeoitd, third, Earls of
Savoy. i7p,&c.
yAnt^^zxhwHifiorj, 398,&c.
Hdttgarikns. 140. beat the Germans.
.• \i^\.defeated.i^i. troubled b'<i their
' Mn^s.i Jo.Hungary in great trou.
'^les.^^^.their Victories iti Germa-
" hy 4»4Italy.3p8, &c. difeatedby
the Germans. 39p,&c. Hungary af-
' fiictedbj r>&tfTurks.3$i8,479. a/id
By intepn Vactions, 399
fifongarys puferable condition. ^01 ^^c
fiiihgarians defeated by Solyman, and
h\X(itLtaken, 476
ffiiiins. ^-j.flain.ioo. obtain Panonia.
104. 398
Huniades John, 4W Matthew. 398,
&c.407,&c.
HlintlyV hAtredtoyimry.Si-j. isde-
Indedby ^^ueertMity.ib. defeated
" ^Muriy. 618.
Huntly taken^and his fon John behea-
ded, ibid.
FJtintly and Argilc favour the J^ens
• Jidi:. 623
HuhtlyV ^eal for ^en N^ary. 625 .
62y,aJJiJleabytheS^MZrd. ib.
Riiritiy defeats Argilc i» thebattellof
*Avinian. 6^1, Sec-
^ohii Huffe broacheth his doctrin.^31
John Hufle and Hkrom of Prague
:'M»^. 335
-t^c6!)a, toMefs ef^lhnd. 341,
J &c.
Tag;elIo,^«7^(^*"^/Lit^id^fid. . 277
iotiicitheJifope. , 45
licrtits,Pri»ceofS<:Ot\md , djrtfoner
' #» England, 535, &c. cArrieainto
France, 536
farhCs', iiT/Wi^o/ Scotland, and his
•^ Aetgne.^^j, &C- J&« daughter con-
• ifeyediritoVrzr\ct. 538
latnes the frfi ^hit Murthir.^ 2^. limes
the fecond , his Reigne. $^p,8cc.
lames r^tf fecond, jntidh troubled by
Faitioiis.^iip^ his death. 545
lames ^^c third of Scotland, dnd his
S.eigne.^Si^Scc.hlsGo'Vei'nors. ib.
' fnarried.')6'^.his fttferfiition dMty-
rattny.')6'y. hii Cattrii'er^ hanged uf.
ibid.
lames the third cont^Ltined agAinftfor
his rhifgdvermncnt.xh, ^erfecntcdby
h:s Subjects, and (lain.^^6^ &c. his
death gnlnib led at. 56y
lailies thefbiirth, his Reigne. <^6-j^ &c.
defends Warbccl<.568./&/V match.
ib.
times the feiirthj his prodigality and
rejolution for Syria. \h\d. fell icited
to quarrel with England .ihJn'sflect.
ib, his mejfage to King Henry 569.
he was dijjwadedfrom waking rvar^
in 'Vain. 5 9. he lofi the battel and
his life. 570
lames theffth^ his Reigne. ib.&c.
lames theffth, his Navigations, mar-
riages , f range dreams, and death.
57 5,&c.
lames, ^^if« Maries brother, hafineth
into Fnnce. 614
lames the ftxth Crowned. 620
lames thejixthjlrictly guarded, 627.
Govcrneth with 1 2 Peers, ib. ivt*
frifoned. 628
King lames difp leafed for his mothers
death; but appeafed by Queen Eli-
zabeth. 631
King lames proclaimed King of Eng-7
la.i\d, and his journey thither. 6^'2,
Scc.makes peaie with S^aliiypardon-
eth and executes fame Traitors, fends
pr^fents to Sp:i\n.6^^.andreceiveth
from thence prefenis.6^ \. he detects
the gunpowder. plot. ib. he is modera-
tor at the Conference of Hampton
Court. ib.-Sic. King of Great Britan.
6^si. entertained at hoi\don.ib. di-
vers Occurrences, ib, &c- Infiitutes
Knights Baronets. 6-^%: Ambajfadors
to himfro>» RuHia and Pcrfia, and
goeth into Scotland. 639. his death
and happe Government. 6^0. fome
flrange accidents, and works of cha-
nty in his time. . ib.
Ji^e the Dtike of SufFoIks Daughter
proclaimed Q^een ^/England. 590
Is beheaded. 59 1
Janifaries their Origin all 263
Janifaries their Inftitution. /^S'S
Janifaries, their infelencies jtt Con-
ftantinople. 482,484
Jerufalem befeged and formed. 20,52
lerufalem its laf CMiferies, ^"j^&c
Rebuilt and new-named. 'i^. Taken
by Cofroes. 109. By the Saracens.
in, b'v
>
The Alphabetical Table.
III. By the? axthians. 229
lerufalem lofi hj the ChrifiUns. 1 66
Icfuitcs bitmjhed out of T inky, /^S 3 ^&c
lefuites hamfhed out 0/ France, and
ivhy.^io. Rejl or ed again. 5^^!
Tews mfejled rvith three Se£fs.io.whdt
theje %vere. ib. they afjifi Cleopatra
againfi Lzthuxus. II. their great
Counceldejiroyed.zg. they complain
againfi Wtxod.-^o.will not admit his
Covernment.^i. are murthered by
Archilaus, agaitifi whom they com.
tUin.T^'y.they rebel,and are fi*pfre[.
fedbi S^iXWi. 36. rebel ««i(frTheu-
das.42,&c J^^jf quarrel with the Sz-
maiitans. 43.^^9 rebel, and are mur,
thered. 46. their nnjertes under Vc-
fpalian.47. 4W Titus. 49. are mur^
thered every where, ib. their barba-
rous cruelties. ^Cf. forbid to enter Je-
m^'Atm.'ih. converted. 84. deluded.
9 5 . }c\vs found out their pricks. 98 .
their cruelty. ioS,3cc. forced to em-
brace Chrtjiianity. no. folio a^ Ma»
hornet lb. made paves in Spain. 1 16
defperat.i 1 8. banifhed out of Y.n'g-
hnd.2^2.poyfon the rvaters, and are
hanged by each other.zBj, wear yel-
low caps. . 431
Images aboltped.i} Z.iio.reftored. 123
eondemned.\i/\.\2^.refiored. 134.
Iitipcrialifts lofe Pomerania. 385 . are
defeated. 39i,&c.
Jijdians, with Hunns and others , be-
come Chrifiians. 103
Joan, jv//(? ^/Andrew of Hungary.
2^9.hermurther, incefi^ andinfa-
tiahlelufl. 26C.413
lohannes Maria, a bloudy Tyrant. 332
lohn Baptift Preacheth, Bapti'^eth , is
beheaded. 38. lohn the Apofile ba-
nijhed.^o.reflored. 52. dieth. 53.
lohn de Bregn3,A'i«g- o/Ierufalem.
223.Iohh, King of England. 530.
his contefiation with, and fubmifften
to the Pope.231 .his death,wives,and
children. 232. lohn Cantacuzenus.
249. lohn, D«jt^ <)/ Brabant. 251.
'io\\n King o/'Bohemia.2 58. lohn.
Emperor (?/Byzantium.25i. lohn,
Earl Nivern, defeated by the Turks,
erdains the order of a Golden Fleece.
264.Iohn Wickliff. 27(5.Iohn Ga-
leacius. 277. lohn, f-6^ Hanonian,
Etirlof Hollands ibid. John de
Montfort. 290. lohn, King of
France. 29 1 . lohn Huniadcs. 59^.;
John BalTilidcs, D»ke (/Mufcovia,
^1^2. knocks his fon on the head, ^^j,
lohn of Anjou , h^ts J^'erdinand.
49 1 , lohn Scot , the great F after,
574.1ohn/tStampis. 173;
lohn,otherwife called Robert, King of
Scotland. "• 329
lohn, Duke of Burgundy, with Anfc-
deus , vex Orleans and Burbon.
lohnyGovernerofCtoma.3 his crtteL
t-j' . 397
lohn e/Leyd en, his madnefs. 427
Iohn,Pr;wf c/Swethland. 378
lolanda of Savoy imprifoned with}>er
fon. 355. difmijjed by the French K»
\ox\2.x!a2s, Governor of lud jea, hi4 a£iu
ons.2, 3. "i.hii death. ib,
lovinian his life and anions. 85. his
end. 86
hene^Emperefs. 12»
Ireland rebels.^pS.602. affifted by the
Pope and Spaniard. ib»
Irifo rebels with the Sfaniards^defeated
by the Lord Mont'py. 6f,l
Irifh converted. 8a
Ifaacius AngcUus $ Gteek Ef/tperor*,
Iffabel, Dutchejs of Anjou j prepares
a. Fleet for Naples.
^^mz^^^theSophiof^tx^u. 470. hU
actions and victories. ^'ji.woimded,
47*
Italian troubles. i"). fubduedbf the Ro-
mans.ib. being invaded by Goths,
VandalSjLongobards, Hunns, and
ethers ^is reduced again to the Empire
of Iuftinian.103. miferies of Italy
mder the Guelphs and GibcUins.
225. Italian Cities change their G<u
vernors.2 ^6. are punijhedby the Em^
peror. ih. fall fijf from the Pope. 269,
Italy di^urbedwith civil wars.^^j.
Italies devotion.^^"). troubled about
Mantua. 462
Itzly in troubles. 503,&C,
ludas Macchabjeus, his actions and
death. , ;..'^^;. ,,•.,, ;;fTi-*
judgements remarkable.cfj^Scc. 100.
102,104.108.117, &c.- 123, &c,
131.270.563.1 4<5.i 54^
luditha, LudovicV mfe. 1 30, &c.
lugurtha^
The Alphabetical Tabic.
Jugurtha his cruelty, cunning^and end.
12
Juliets fftll of treuhles. 443
Julianus. 85. HU Afoftacj and rvic-
kednefs^8^,S^.hiiend. ib.
Julius Agricola's vi£iories. 5 1
Julius Caefar. fee C^efar.
Pofe Julius raifeth great troubles. 504
Over com by the French. 305
Nicholas Juiith a fhut Hungarian .•
401
Juftinus Emperor. 1 00
JuHinim Emperor^ 101,103.
His Death. 104
Juftinus thefecond, his Reign, ib. His
end. 105
Juftinian 2<^ Emperor. 115. Jmprifoned
and e [capes, ib. His cruelty and end.
116
K
KEnnedies blew the coals of [edition
in Scotland. 563
Kenneth ^.tf/Scotlands/r4r<t^fw,i34
Kent divided about Qu. Manes match
mth Spain. 591
Kcts Rebellion and end. 587,&c.
Kings o/Afturia rf»^ Leon, of Navarr
/iWArragon.119. o/Galicia, ib.
<?/ Bulgaria,! 20. Lombardie',ii6
SaxonSjib. Ratchefius and Aiftul-
pbus k. of Lombardy, 1 2 1 . Kings
*f Spain. 1 22. kings ^/Navar, 1 2 5
p/Denmark, 128. tf/Engiand W
Scotl. 1 34. o/Italy,i3$>. o/Spain.
142. o/Penmark,230.tf/'Hungary
250. o/Poland.ib. o/Denm. 251
»/Scicily, 254. </ Sweden, Den-
mark (^ Norway,265. K.ofMo-
vocco defeated^zjS. Four kings in
the French army. 2 ."^ p. The French
-■■■ md Scots K. taken prifoners, 292, Sic
K.ofHdvixttroublesY'vzncc. 293
^/Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
^S6,&cc. o/Hungarie, 397,&c.; 0/
Arragon, N aples, Caftile and Sci-
cily,4i3. Kings ofAvragonfaile^
^iS. K. of Denmark endangered^
455, K. of Sweden invades Livo-
nia,Borufsia,WDantisk,45<. of
lerufalem, 1 66» o/Erancc. 17 ^
Kings, their conditions danger om and
uncertain, 64d;,&C.
Knox hts preaching , and the ejfecls
thereof. 584
Kcyric Eleifon rvhen begun* 94
LAdiflaus/r/ of Hungary. 398
Ladiflaus?/'f/^cW. 399
Ladiflaus^/»^<j/Hungary. 405,3ic.
tadiflaus ^'/«g" e/Poland. 407
Ladiflaus,/<>« of Huniadcs beheaded .-
408
Duke of Lancafter inriched in Spam*
on
Lathurusfrf/W^Philometor, why^ 11
his aciions. ib.
Peter Lau^ais the Du. o/Bricanie's//i-
vourite^ hanged. 50 1
Lawsf^/Zf^ Agrarise: tpW;' 8
League between Hungary,Bohemia,(^
Poland 419
holy-League in France. 509, &c.
Leicefter and Hollander difagree.
6o3,&c.
T^fEnglifh and ScoK.s,befiege1i.dih:
614
Mathew Earl <?/ Lenox made Regent.,
ib. Killed. 626
Leo Emperor. 96
Leonxius Emperor. 1I5
Lcolfauricus. 118, g^c.
Leo the fourth Emperor. 122 ,c^f.
heothe fifth Emperor. 129. Killed in
hisChappell. ib.
Leo jB///)*?/* o/Theffalonica. 1 34
Leo, Bafirs/e», delivered by a Parrot.
138
Leo the Philofopher Emperor. 140. />
cudgelled. ib.
Leohn Pr. <>/ Wales beheaded. 242
Kyi nd his brother David quartered:
ibid.
Lcpidus /'/^ infolency and ruin. ?t
Lewis the j'^ of France. 187
Lewis fA^ iV;>?^^ »/ France, ^^ ^o/jr
life and actions. 229. Iscaneni^dy
ibid. /^/> ^^/f*. ibid. His^ufiiceat
home., and anions abroad. 237
J)/Vf/& /-e/ore Tunis ibid.
Lewis p/ Anjou poifoned. 260. Had
Wars with Alphonfus of Arragon.
ib.
Lewis Hutin A'/*!' <?/ Frtf»<rf . 287
Lewis 0/ France entertains his Jifier of
Savoy. ,^ ,, 355
., . ,,'s ccccc " Lewis
The Alphabetical Table.
Lewis the eleventh (^/France, his reign
49 2,&c .he quarrels with Burgundy
and Bnttzny.ib. and with his Peers.
493. imprifoned by Dtike ChzxXs.
Leyfis fotveth difcord among ihePrinces
493 .^AT double dealing with Burgun-
dy. 495.
Lewis defires Mary of Burgundy fo
put her [elf under the Vxcnch. 499
Lewis the twelfth <7f France, his reigne
anda£iions, 503
Lewis theiyii o/France. 5 1 2,&c.
Lewis <;/ A njou?4^« Rome. 233
Lewis, Duke of Orleans rejected from
being Governor. jci
Lewis Duke of Savoy, hit actions.
3 5 55&C. comflaines of hisfon Phi-
lip- . 354
Lewis , CMarquifs of SalufTcs.
Licinms Emperor. 77. his wickednejs.
•jp.is defeated^ his end. ibid .
Liege makes Warre againjl the Bijliop.
345
Ligeois beaten by Duke Charls. 494.
rebel again.ibid. cut in pieces.
7*^e Ligeois defeated by the Duke of
Burgundy. 486
"Lvf^cVfurrendred. 386
Lisbon ajjaulted by the Englifli.
607
Livonia wafedby the Mufcovit. 432.
Implores help from the Dane and
Polacks. 432
Loadftone/i;«W<?»^ 275
Locuft's ir/ffj} AiFrica with Vamin
and Plague. p. andVimcc. 137.
W^rf/?(f Thracia. 157
Longobards.ioi. 104. changetheir
• G overnmetit. I oj. their Kings. n6.
■" Lorrain in fir if e between Gtho and the
\ .French. i48,&c.
''_X>uke of Lorrain /(f^x'w Naples , and
r /;t/j tf» Arragon. 494
• Lotharius Czefar. i3o,&c.
■^ X-otharius Emperor. 132. q^rrels and
,• ; , fights with his brothers, ib. &C. ^z-
"■ "vides his Kingdoms J and enters into
dMonafiery. 133
Lotharius , Duke of Saxony , Em-
peror 17 1 . opfofed by Conradus.ib.
his life and end. ' V jb.
;Lo\ydcn is imprifoned and rchtfed.
' ■ ' 64>,&c. /
Lucerna like to befurpriT^d. 358
Lucius Verus , his Government and
death. 56,&c.
LwcuWviS his actions. i8,&c.
Ludovic Emperor. 130, his rebellious
fons. i^i.he dieth. ib.
Ludovic thefeeond^ Emperor. 135
'LwAovlctheyotmger. 137
Ludovic the Stammerer. ib.
Ludovic the fourth.. Emperor. 140
Ludovic Tranfmarin. 144. Ludovic
of BavcLua, Emperor. 2^^^. condem-
ned by the Pope.ih. complains of the
Pope.z') 8. ^oynes with England 4-
gainfi France, ib. is depofed by the
Pepe.z 59. Ludovic, King of Hun.
gary. 260
Ludovic the fecondy King of Hun-
gary. 400
Martin Luther begins to (lirre. 426,
&c.
Lyfius his Army. 1 .he Invades Judaea.
z.ismurthered. ib.
M
,f Acedonius. 83
W^od^vxgbefieged and taken.
:; 8 1 . its ruine pre j aged. 381. 3 84.
its mifery. ib.
Magdeburg again befieged. 46 1
Magnentius. 82
Mahomet his originalL lo^.his death,
110.
Mahometans 127. Mahumetanifme
prevails. 249. Mahumct the firfi,
463
yidhomQt the fecond^ his cruelty. ^6^,
actions and victories. /^66y &c. his
aim at an Univerfal Monarchy , and
his end and character. 468
Mahomet the third , his victories and
actions. 480 . his cruelties^ ib.
Maide ^/Norway. 244
Maide ^/Orleans. 487
Malcolrae, King of Scotland , his
life. 190
Malcolme , King of Scotland , mur-
theredj and the murtherers drowned.
M4
Malta {-y4jj'aulted by the Turk.
477
Mamalucks 0/ iEgypt.175, Sec. their
A'/»^f or Sultans.. 175
M.imaludcs, w^i 4^P'473 • defiroyed
^jfSelymus. 474
Maflfrid
The AlphabeticaL Table.
Manfrid thebajlardftifies his Father.
zzj.hfS otherrvickeda^s. 234
George Maniaces , a great Commart,
der. i57,&c.
Manlius Torquatus futs his [on to
death. 9
Mansfield vioUts his Faith. ^ 5 1 . refu-
feth to fght.i\ ^l.is defe ated. 456.
dieth. 457
Mantua po(fe(fed by Nivern , which
caufeth great troubles . 462
Manuel Comnenus, Greek Emperor^
his life and end. 1 8 3 , &c .
EarlofMsLX^pade Regent. 626. dieth.
627
Marcianus Emperor. 95-9^'
Marcus Antonius de Dominis, bur »ed
455
Mardacus,^/> mifgoverriment of Scot,
hnd. 536.his eftd. J37
Margaret <?/Holland, 253
Margaret, Queen of Denmark. 26f'»
&c. Margaret,^^^ Emperor Lodo-
vicstvife. 279
Marius overthrorves Jugurtha and
Bocchns.iz.hii triumph, ib. hisvi.
Borj over the Teutons. 1 3. rfW Cim-
hr'isins.ib.raifethaciviljvar. 14. hit
viifory over the Marfians. 15. his
(juarrel with Sylla.ib. his troubles arid
death. ib.&c.
(Jiiarquifats ere^ed in Germany.
143
(Jlfarquifs ^/Brandcburg. 2 2 2 .o/Sa-
luffes. 285
Martina,/'^ r toogue cut out. m
Marcvrs.55'&c.58.d3.66.68,&c.7i.
73,&c.87.9^.
Mary 5/4/ of the houfe of Burgundy.
343
Marie, A"?;;^ Henries daughter rvooed
by divers Princes. 557,&c.
Mary of Scotland conveyed into
Erancc.^Si. there married. 582
Mary, A'/»g- Henries daughter , is pro.
claimed ^een.^^Oj &c. her Reigne.
59i,&c.
Queen Maries per fec«tfons.$p^. with
child ih.her death. 597
Q. Marie returneth into Scocland.^iy
,pe with her Lords .^ fends an Ambaf-
fador to Queen Elizabeth , to declare
her fttcce^or, which jherefufeth to do.
Quee» Mary and the Minifiers of
Edinburgh differ. 6\6. Jhe makes
her brother JameSj£4r/ o/Murry,
which di foments Huntley.
ib.
Qaeen Maries pr.ogrefsinto the North.
she falls in love with iyoitng Lenox ,
and marrieth him. 61 6
Her di [content with her husband. 6^9.
efcapes by Setons means.ib.perfecutes
themurtherers of David, ib. is deli^
vered of lames 6'\ ib.
Is abufed by her Subjects difgrace fully.
620. and forced to reftgne her Crown. '
ib. N
IVith Bothweiy?Jf efcapes to Dunbar ,
they raife an ^yirmy. '.tji. Jhe is
brought difgrace filly to Edinburgh,
and he efcapes to (Orkney, ib. hts end.
ih.fie efcapes to Hamilton , raifeth
an Army , and is defeated by Murry
Regent. 622
Her plot with Novfolks dctecled. 62^
she complains to Queen Elizabeth-,4»rft
her anjwer.SzS^ &c. js removed to
Paulet. <5:9
SufpeSled and accufed of Treafon , is
condemnedyher laji deJires.6^o. is in^
terceded for by King lamcs^and the
Vrcoch King : her death. 630
Maffaniffa's age^ftrenght, and death.
4
Matthias the Machabee. i
Matthias Corvinus , his anions and
death. 398,&c.
Matthias Emperor. 444
Matthias , the Emperor's Brother.
403
Maude the Emperefs. 1 87
Prior ofS.yiawncc^his excellent fpeech
to Duke Amadeus. 349
Maurice, Cox-frwr <?/Holland. 437,
&c.
Mauritius Emperor. 106. his covetouf-
nefs. loy. his troubles and end.ib. aH
his children fain. ib.
Maximilian Emperor, 402
Maximilian and the French quar-
rel. 411.
Maximilian's aetions,/\i')^8cc.his end
and Iff ue. 419
Maximilian thefecond^ Emperor. 433
he dieth, 434
Maximilian defeated by Mahomet.
480
ccc c c %
Maximinus
The Alphabetical Table.
Maximinus his nicked Reign. ^7
Is murthered with his Son. ib.
Maximianus Cxfar. 745?^
Maxentius a wicked Tyrant. 78
Maximinus his cruelty. ib.
Maxentius overthrown and drfitpned.ib
Maximinus his end. 79
Maximusr^f Generall. 88
A great Mm. 95. Stoned to death.
96
Metellus hanijl)ed and brought back. 14
His Anions. 1 8
Michael Curopabates £»»per<?r. 127
Michael Balbus E«?/»fror. 131
Michael /o» of Theodora. 134 His
Fooleries y Cruelties and death. I35
Michael Paleologus.229. His anions
and end. 247
Michael Emperor of Conftantinoplc,
157
Michael Calaphates fw/eror. 158
Michael Parapinacius Greek Emperor^
(ujfers the Empire to be ruined. 1 64
Milcolumbus Canmor ^.(j/Scotland,
His life and end. 1 69
Millan taken by the Goths. 102. Spa-
red by Frederick, then overthretvn.
177. Set at liberty by Henry the
Emperor. 256. Entertains Ludo.
vie. 258. Governed by 24 men. ib.
fold to John Galeacius. 270. quar.
relsrvith Savoy. 285
Its greatneffe torn in pieces. 332. quar-
rels again with Savoy. 346
Struggles for liberty. 3 .^ 3
Laid claim to by divers. 411. Taken by
f^f French. 412. Jj^ Casfar. ibid.
414. Taken by Francis Sforfa. 360
in great troubles. 499
ArcMiJhop of Mintz his fpeeehes. 420,
&c.
Mitbridates king of Pontus, his parts,
A&ions and languages. 1 4. Subdued
by Scylla. j6. 4W Fimbria, ib. By
Luculkis. 18. By Pompey. 19. His
end. 20
Monks drowned and killed, g^. a Monk
invented Guns. zjo. Monks called
^efuites, zjj. Wicked Monks of
Ambrunaya. 283. Francifcans and
Dominicans quarrell. 419
Monks of Saint Maurice in Savoy.
348
Monfters. 43,c^(r. 4^.48,51,5^,108,
ii2^384,439»5ii,534»5<57-
Monteths plot difcovered. ^21
Montmorancic taken and Beheaded:
, r 51S
Moravia and Silcna in queftion. 411
Its troubles, 457
Mores inake peace with the Chriftians.
237. Driven ont of Spzin. 444
Mortimers. 307. ^.MoitimQt hanged,
308
Morton's men^ and the Queens part^
fight. 6i6
is beheaded notmthftanding Q. Eliza-
beths interceffion. 628
Mofcovites. 134. Miraculoufly con.
verted. 138. Wafte'L\vori\di. 433
Beaten by the Polandcr. 43^
Mouns lofi and taken again by the
Englijh. 525
Muhavias the Saracen. 113, &c.
Mulhoufe unite with the Cantons :
37t
Andrew Murrey Viceroy o/Scotland.
324
Murry the Regent gotth to Qn. Eliza.
bcth to deer himfelf,6t 2 .He returns
and ^s oppofed by H<Lmi\ton. ib. Ts
killed. 624.
Muftapha , Solyman's fonjirangled.
477. Hts cruelty. ib.
Muftapha of a three months Emperor^
became a pr if oner. 481. Made Em-
feror again, ibid. u/^W Depofed,
482
N
NAplcs in great troubles, 2 5 9,&C.
In great troubles by Arragon
and Aniovij^X ^,ifi6. Divided. jLjy
Taken by Atngon, and Anjoa pM
away. 489
Taken by the French and lofi again,$o%
Changeth Kings quickly. 505
'Sitksio^.depofed.io/^.cals the Loiu
gobards int0luly.\b.defeats Baras
io5
King <?/Navarr burned with aqtu viuc
301
Ncochomumjiw NeOfchaftcl annexed
to Bern. 371
Ylcro,hif good and bad conditions , hif
Tyrannies./[/\,8cc.hisend. 46
Ncrva, his good Government and co».
ditions .52. and death. ib.
Ncftorius theheretick. 94, Neftori-
mGxicfarfpread. 11 r
Nchcrlands
The Alphabetical Table.
Nctherlartds divided /tmeitg divers
Princei. 268
Newburg W Brandeburg differ in
SelfgiM. ■_■ . 44 J
Newport J^4?«/.' '
-f.XT.:
439
• NicephOtUs ^^/rt-tfr.'ia^j "Sic. Jlain.
-Niccphorus Phocas, Emperor of the
EAJtJris life and death. 147. &c.
^4icholaus ?Ae Scriv'ner feifeth on the
Cat1itpl.260.is defeated and im^ri,
foned. ib.
\^'\^zx,Emferor. 61
•Normans , their ViStories. i ■^7,. fettle
in Ncuftria.i37.r<«g-f in Germany
*■■ -^.defeat ^and are dqeated.i^g. take
Calabria from the Greeks. 161.
Normandy recovered hy the 'Pucnch.
272.invadedhytheEn^li{l^. 230
Norvegians. 265
• Norwitch /'f/^f^ ^ the Rebels. 5 87
Novatus. 69
Numantia's Delinquency and ruin. 9
Numerianus. 74
O
OCtavius, Cccfars adopt edf on, is
made Emperor againjl Antony
^gjois age ana beginning of his Go-
vernment \h.is flighted by the Senat^
And is made Conful.ib. Scchis battel
'^''\»t Phillippi with Brutus and Cafli_
] ^'''' iis.30 Ije loji many ofhisjhifs. 3 1 .
"-' ,; honored rvith Ovacio.ib. his victory
■ 4^A(5Hum.33. obtains'^ triumphs,
'iki.his honors^ haffinefs^ and peace
; ■ tvith all Nat ions. lb, Sec. he reforms
'" ■ all dif orders ^ and is grieved for the
•'.' Itifs of Vams. ^^.his dedth^ and ex-
■ ; ' 'aHent farts defcrihed. 3 5
'^dctm.\xs.,General. 70
Odoacer,ii:/»g-e/ Italy. 97
Ofirda, hifjlrange punijhment. 352
■ Oneals rebellion and f^rannyin Ulftcr.
■■' ■ ■• ■':■'■■■■.:. ' , . 598
-'OpflitR Mactinus his milked Govirn-
inent.6/\.bj Martialis he murthered
Czr3:cdh.ib.his end. ib.
frince of Omage defeated. 347. Mar..
thered. 435
- Orcancs rhe Turk. 250.263
' Order of the Anune iad3.2!8 5 ^of Ca-
hxm3.v2Lyand of Saint James. 182.
o/Carmalits. 18 M^. o/Carthu-
rnas.2 j^ithe Garter. '2 j^.^io. of the
Golden fieeee.16:^. 1^2.0/ Hacmits.
1 8 2 .of the holy Ghofi^ 508
^/y/'f Humiliati. i ■j'j. of Saint John
^/J^rUfalcm// fheremplars, of the
Tutotiicks 166. ■ of the Knights of
^efusthrift.z-je. of Mznms./^iOf.
of Saint Michael. 2 85.<?/ Mourn O-^
livec,277.<?/ Mf Premonftratenfis
172. of Predicants 4;^i/Minorits.
i92>oftheStar.2'j6.ofSxs^'h^u\x.s.
433. 0/Jefuits. 277
Ongcn. e.,69
Duke ^7/ Orleans and Richlieu quarrel.
5 1 4.0rleans defeated. ib.
Ofman made Sultan. 4,8 1 . his actions. f
\b.ftr angled by Muftapha. ib.
Oftend Battel, ^^p
Otho,h^ reigne and death. ^^j
Othofrji b or et he ^hillics. 139
Otho thefirfi^ German Emperor, i/^:^
Otho the Emperor.^ his divers exploits.
145. he makes divers journeys to
Rome, and takes it.i^'y.^Sic. in a
Synod he depofeth Pope John the
twelfth. 146. punifheth divers of the
Citizens, ib. he nafts Calabria and
h^\^\OL.^and marrieth Theophania to
his fon.'ib^ erects divers Bijhopricks^
anddieih. ib.
Otho thefeeond^ 'Emperor of the Wefi^
and his actions. I48,&c.
Otho the third. Emperor, his reigne.
i^i.SccJjts agreement with the Pope
^V- his pilgrimage, jujliceonhis
wife ; and death. 152
Ottacar,i<:/>g- c/Bohemia. 235
Otterburn battel, and the Scots Stra"
tagem. 3 29
Otto , the fonne of Henticus Leo.
221. Emperor^ andhis conteftation
with the Pope. 222. refignes hisEm^
fire, ib.
Ottoman Family appeareth. 247. Ot-
toman/^^/r/?. 2 48.^^ actions and
death. 249.2^^
O verberry iMprifmedf^ poyfoned.e^ 7
pAlatinjt. allloft. 45^
-1- Pappenhem/rf/>. 3:51
Paris troubled with mittinies.zgj. Ft.
ned. ^00. rebels againft the Dolphin.
Parliaments rf/Edinbufgli, two at once
6i6
Parm.i
The Alphabetical Table.
■pirmz defeats VtedevicH^rmy. 227 1
Parthiam defeated.^ i .their civil jvar,
42./«^jVc?Trajan.53. (iefeatedm-,
. der Antoninus. 56. feife ufon Mdo-\
' 'potznh.6%.rvrof)ged hy Caracalla.
V '"(53. [ubdued hythe Perfian Kirtg,
'\ Artaxerxes. 66. by Gordian. 68.
■' beatthe'^VixVs. 479
'Vm\ Preacheth the Gofpel.^i^Bcc.j^'^,
- his journeys and lM tracks, ib. his
~'' death. ib.
Pauhi'f Heremic. 6p
Paulician Hereticks, 132
■pf4Cf ^efn'ff« Amarats and Ladiflaus,
made ^ and broke. 407
P?4c^ between Frederick tbe "Emperor,
and Charls ofBurgundy. 410
Between Cxiar and the Turk. 442.
Between Spain and Holland , ib.
■ Between Spain and Holland expi-
red. 452.
Between the Danes and' Swedes.
Between Ctcfar ana, the Dane. 460.
SwedlandW Poland. 462
Between the Turk 4«^ Perfian. 48 1.
fj^^Turk /iw^f'olander. ib.
Between Caifar andthe'X\xxV and
Gabor. 483
B^^rr^fw En, land 4W France. 29^
Betrveen France , England, and
■' Burgundy- ,, . 497
Concluded in France. 5ic. and with
Spam.ib.jv/fw England. 514
Bejhonorably concluded with Scot-
land. 308
Between France and England. 552.
^')S. Between Enghnd and Scot-
land. 562
With the French broken ^ and why.
557
-''■ Concluded between the Englilli ,
Scots,. iW French. 614
Pelagius, the Popes Legat. 2 24
Percnnius, Commodus^Af Favortt.
58
"Pcrkin Warbck his Story. ^/^^-j, Sec.
Vct^'3ins frbdued.jo.beat by Maximi-
nus.75. ftfbmit to Conftantin. 81.
K^rticle with /^(f Romans. 85.
defeated by Ardaburius.92. conver-
ted.ico.defeatedby Ji/artianus. 105
and by J\/auritius. 106. they fubdue
VhcnicisLtdfCioS. defeated by iifau-
ritius. 109. fubduedby the Saradns
III .Baptised. 114, their Story ««-
^er UKuipcaCfancs/HarduclleSjIfti-
n:iael,e^£".47 1 . defeated ^)i-Sclymus
the Turk.472 .P^•f^'4i/ (P Afia.480.
their bloodie battel with /^^ Turks,
48'. they take Babylon and other
places from the Turk. . 482
Perth begins the ProtefiA^t reforma-
tion. , 5,84
Vtxi\xayi falutedFrnperox..fQ' his ex-
cellent Government ana end: ib. his.
vfurtherers banifhed. 6l
Pejlilence at Babylon and Rome. 56.
58.70.4f Picenum and Conftan-
tinople.i02.4?Rome. 108.118. at
liyzanuum and elfe where. 120. in
the Camp at Tunis. 2:57. 260. at
Rome.438,rff Conftantinople.481
4? Rome 508
Peter the Jpojlle.^^.his CUiracles and
death. 45
Pctrusde Vineis. 227
Petrus Antifiodorenfis. 228
Peter o/Arragon obtains Sicily. 235
Peter de la Broch. 237
Peter <>/Arragoni:;7/fdf. 238
Peter o/Savoy, his actions. 281. Pc::_
tcr <j/Caftile. 293, &c.
Pciex^King o/Hungary killed.' 1 58
Pharnafcs defeated apd murthered. 27
P hafelus beats out his own brains. 3 o
Philbert, D»^f tf/Savoy.355 poyfon-
foned. 356
Philbert thefecond. ib.
Philip5A'/»g- 0/ Syria. 1 1 ,e^f .
Philip the Apojlle. 43
Philip the Emperor his Reigne. 68
Philippicus Bardanes. Emperor. ii-].
Philip the German Empror. 221.
(lain. 222. his centefiation with the
Pope 221
Philip, the Bold King <»/ France. 237,
&c.
Philip^)^? F^i/^.238. conteflswith the
Popci^/^.like to be kilied.ih. defea^
tea of the Empire.2^ ^.VhWip, E.oj
Savoy. 9282.Philip le Long.287.
Philip Valois declaredK.ofErancc,
2SS.his actions. 398,&c,
Philip of Burgundy, 34:". Philip,
Prince of Belgium invited intoi
Spain. 417. KingV'\\\]\Y> beats the
Pope out of Ldtium. 431
Philip Auguftus, King of Ennce. 187
Phiijp
The Alphabetical Table.
Philip Valois, King cf Inwucc. 308.
Philip of Savoy imjfrifonid. 354
Philip Duke o/Savoy. 356
Philip cf Auftria entertained in Eng-
land. 550
Philip of Sp2i,in^hif marriage with J^
Mary, and turtle les thereupon.
594
King Philip deferts ^eenMiry^ ^of~
pjfes his fathers Dominions ^ wars a.
gainfl Fiance. 5 > 6
King Philip felicitcdby Qitcen Eliza-
beth j/» behalf of the Nether landers.
^oz,Scc.
Phocas Emperor. loy.his wicked life
and end. loS
Phraates^/V actions and death. 6,j.
Pyemot\tjoyn'd to Szvoy. 280
Pipinus. 11 J. made King .121. his gift
to the Pope.ib. Pipin, King of A-
quitania. 1 30
Phy fcon. King of Egypt, his aBions.
5
Plantaginet. 230
Plantaginet the true andfalfe. 545,
&c.
Vhio' sCoffn. 125.
Plaucianus, hk ambition and end. 62
Plihy excufeth the Chrijlians. 53
Poliman Knights, their habit. 1 55>
Vohnd in great troubles. 230. diflra.
Bed by their Kings. i-^o. their Crown
fran(lated. 277
^o\an^ttsmaff acred mRuflia. 441.
dif agree at home Ah. beat the Mu-
fcovic. 443
Poland proclaims war againfi the
Turk. 451
P-olands Ambajfadorto QueenEliza-
• bech, and her Anfwer. dop
Pomeraniaiw bad condition. ^So^Scc.
Pompey defiroys the Pyrats. 19. his
greatnefs and C omm and. ih. his a£ii-
0t*s.2o. takes Jerusalem and other
flaces.ib.ftifpeSfs Cxfar. •24. isfup..
ported by the Sen at agatnfi Cxfar.
aj .he and they alfoflie to Brundu-
' fium. ib. is Mafier of the Sea. z6.
defeats CseGirs Army. ib. hechtt.
fethEpitVisforthe feat of the war.
ib. his Pharfaiian Forees^ his defeat,
-flight and death, ib. Sic. his head
prefentedto Csfar. 27. his fonde^
featedandjlain. 28
Cardinal Pool, his Story. js>'4, &c.
Pope Damafus. 86. Innocencius 9,
Leo.$)4,&c.John the frfl.x 00, dec.
GreiTory the frf.ioS.Bonii'acc 3''.
andfoimh.iop^M.aviln. 112. Vita-
lianus.ii ?,&c. TMgcnius t he frjl.
I i3.Agatho.i i4.Leoyfc^«^/.ibid.
Sergius. ii<5. Conftandn the fea-
'uenth.T 1 7. Gregory thefecond u8
&c. Gregory fA/W. 118. Stephen.
izi.Zachary. ib. Adrian the frfl.
1 2 5. Leo the third.ib.3cc. Sergius
the fecond.i^^. Leo fourth. 134,
FormofLis.135?, &c. Gregory the
ninth. 22^. Popes wanting 21 months
2 2 6, Innocent fourth.ib. the Popes
conteflations with England.23 i,&c
Gregory the ninth. 2^ i^. Clemens
theffth iranflates his feat to Avini-
on. 238. Boniface /A^ eight. 239.
Clemens the fourth.2^6. Popes cho^
fen without the Conclave.ib. Martin
the fourth.ib. Celcikin the ffth.ib.
Boniface the eight, ib. John the
twenty two.2$S.Ckmcns the fifth,
his Coronation and A£fions. 275.
John the 22, his error and a£liom.
276.Benedi(5l theeleventh.ib. Cle-
mcnsfixt. ib. Innocent thefixt. ib.
Urban/A:/^.2 77.Boniface«;»^^.ib.
MartinMf^fA.334. Eugenius the
fourth.Fclix 5'''. s36.35o.Popc^(7-
nors the Switzers.366. Pius the fe.
cond.Ofio. Julius pfW.41 2. Leo
the tenth. 418 . Clemens the fea.
'venth./^2^. }u\ius the third. 429.
Paul fourth , a great Antiluthcrian.
45 1. /'ius/e«rf/'.4:52. Gregory 13'^
437.Sixtus the ffth.ib. Panlthe 5'''
441. Gregory ?/&(? i5'i>. 4525&C.
Urban the eighth, j 54. Julius the
fecond. Leo the tenth.'^o^^Scc. Cle-
ment feaventh. 506
Popes, divers in few years. 1 62
Pope Pafchalis . 1 69 ^P ope Ad rian. 1 77.
Victor 4W Alexander Anti-popes,
ibid.
Pierre de la Lune , a Caftilian Pope,
removes from Avenion. :503
Pope Paul the fourth $o6,^c.
Popes power curbed by King Henry the
eight. 558
Portugall Crowv inqucflion. 277
Portugals take many places in the Eaft-
' Indies. 431
Porcugal/^yV^ on by the Spaniard ,435
Preshyterie
The Alphabetical Tabic.
jterie curbed in Scotland. 629.
rheirpomr .ezi-force King James.
^ 63i,&c.
Pr<?%V5.223.27d.384.38<5,&c.392.
437.44-7-454'460'462. 5^4. 534*
59^.153.
Protejlants differ among themfelves.
/\26.are gently HfedbyCxfar-a^zS.
Reject the CounfelofTvcat^/\^2.are
ferfecttted .ih.majjaered. 434.
Their troubles and Doctrins, 42^.
they are dtffer[ed^and allowed./^^o
435
Banijhed out of Styria, &C.439.
their troubles in Germany. 442.
Complain at the Diet of Ratisbon.
444
Their ^nbilee caufeth much trouble.
447. their proceedings in Bohe-
mia, ib.
Jre ma([acred inVnncc. 507. fer-
fecuted there. 5 1 3
Perfecuted alfo in Scotland. 575,
&c. 579. wake Jims i« Edin-
burgh. 583
In Scotland quarrel with the Queen
Regent, h. their Vtolencies. 384.
Angry at ^een Maries match. 594
and abufes offered. ib id .
In Scotland prevail , andfljake off
I the Frcncn)if))tf.6i3. Petition the
c^een Regent to difmijs the
French. 614
Province faUs to the French King.
5CO
Prufius, King nj/Bithynia, flain by hts
fon. 3
Prufia, the Turks Capital City. 248
Ptolomie Philometor, is rejlored and
reconciled to his brother. 2. his actions
md death. 3.
Ptolomi Euergetes 5
Ptolomi Philometor, his kindness to
the lews. 5.
Ptolomie Lamyras, his cruelties. 10.
Ptolomie « ^r/'-v^w out of ^Egypt.
21
Ptolomie Auletes dieth. 2 5
Ptolomie Dionyfius. 25. Ptolomies
Library burnt .ij he is Jlijledinthe
mud. ib.
Ptolomais taken by Sultan Melcch.
236
Publtclus Malleolus, his murther and
fHnijhment^ 1 1^
Pulchcria. 59
Q
CWi.een lM ether of France. 511, &c»
Quintillus Emperor. 7*
R
RAdb odus his mckedfpeech. 118
5;> Walter Ravvleigh beheaded.
639
Randulph, EarlofUuny, Froteetor
o/Scotiand. 323
Ravenna, the Regal Seat of Italy ,97,
&c.f^f Exarchat.ic4. the Bipiop-
rick.ii^.endeth. lar. .
Rebellion of Yorkfliirc. 547. in the
North. 545, &c. in Cornwall. 548,
&c.
In Lincolnftiire, and other Northern
Parts. 5 59
In Cornwall W Devonfliire abont
Religion. 586. about inclojures in
Norfolk. 5 87. the Rebels fioutnefs
andfirength.ib.Scc. North Rebelli-
ons. 588
In the North againft ^en Eliza-
beth. 599,&c-
Regent., his ab fence from Scotland,
occaftonerh much mifchief. 572,&c.
His actions vnith the ^een (Jif other
581 .reftgnes his place to her.^Si
Queen Regent of Scotland , and her
actions. ib.
She dieth. 6i/\
Rhodes and Bclgrad taken by Soly*
man. 475, &c.
Ricaredus , King of Spain, is called
Catholic k. loS
Richard cure de Lion, King of Eng.
land, his actions abroad and at home.
i8^,&c.
Richard £/ir/<?/Cornwall. 235* 2^0,
&c.
Richard the fecond,King of England.
3 1 ^,Scc.his mifgovernment.^i 8,&c.
isdepofed. 319
Earl of Richmond encouraged b^ Dr.
Morton , againfi King Richard.
•^■^^.putsto Sea, and returns int$
Britany. 550. where he rvat like to
be betrayed.ih.he arrives at Milford
Haven.ib. Fights King Richard,
gets the day,and is Crowned in the
field. 556
Earl of Richmond freferved in a
Sanctuary, 558
David
The Alphabetical Table-
David Riz, great with ^ucen Mary.
di8.
His bad cotmfell and end, 619
Robert, the Conquerors fonne, rebels.
167
K^grces nith his brother Henry.
173. dieth. ibid.
R obert, Ki ng of Apulia . 256
Robert de Verc , Ttiike of Ireland.
317
Robert AVwg- of ScoihxA dieth with
Rodulphus, Dtike ofSmvhrnade Em,
"""^ ferer^ and lojl his Army. 160
Rodulphus thefecond, Emferor. 435
Rodulphus Emperor^ dieth. 444
Rogation, rvhcn injiituted. 9J
R oger. King of Sicily. 171
Rogcrius Laurea, the Spanifh Admi-
ral. 247
• Rohan bejleged and taken by the En-
glifh. 521
Rollan, called Rupert. j 3 8
Roman viifories. 4, 5. they degene-
rate, ibid.
troubled by the [edition of Gxicchvis.
S.by the (lavs ofSicWy & Cilicia.ib.
'Rome infejled rvith the plague, ib.
the Romans feverity againft Mati-
enus 4»(afMancinus.9. their fuccefs,
bad and good in S^zm.lh. againft
\ Jugurtha.i2. againfi the Cimbn-
c' ans and Teutons. i ?,i ^.againjl the
''" Thracians ih. againjl the (laves, ib.
'• ■ &c.4^rf/»/fAePifentes, Samnites,
■^ Marfians, and other Italians. 14,
■ I $. their bloodie civil n>ars.ih.Scc.
t <. their Sertorian,Spartic, Sardanian,
"^'. and Mkhrldmck ivars. 18. their
t'- Pyraticalwar.'ih. rfwi German. 22*
?' • their fuccefs in Gallia and Britan,
cv - 2?,Sic.their battel at Pharfalia.25,
■^''' Sic. the number of the Citizens. 28
^'^ \ i^e^ defeat ^/'«Parthians,^;rVentidi-
^•\'us. 31. their civiltvar at A6tium.
r-^. t^^.theirmferie under Tibems.^'j.^
■•^; &c.Wfr Caligula. 40, &c. their
number under Claudius. 42. their
• C ■ miferie under Nero.44./«re murther.
•'; edby the Britans. ib. their difajlers
••' ' »»^f/'Commodus;59. and Czvdi-
f^- ■ calla.64./^f/> Victory 9vtr the Per-
•''- fnns. 66. .theirntiferies under Gor-
^'' dmus.&y.iheKotmn Empire iorne
'^'" ^ ^9, &c. Romes ntiferit under Ne-
potianus. 82. are dcfeatedby the
Hunns, Goths, W Vandals. ^7,
Rome taken by Alariais.92. Sack'd
bj Genfcricus. 96. tak^nby the He-
ruli and others . 97 . ends in Augu-
flulus.ib. taken by Belifarius ^ then
by Totilas^iOi, &c. Rome fitrpri-
^dby a hare. 1^9. overt hr ewes Fre-
dericks Garifons. 226. runs with
blood under the Columni ^tW Ur_
lini. 2 56 taken trvice by Ladiflaus.
260. Romans abufe Pope Pauls Sta^
tue./\:^2. ?«Romc, firife about the
Popes ElcBion. 440. taken by the ^
Duke of Burbon.- 506 '
Romans florm at the Inquifttion.
507
Romanus the Admiral. 141
Romanus the younger , Emperor of
Conftantinople. 147
Romanus Argyropolus, Effiperor^his
life and death. 157
Romanus Diogmes , hoiv ufedby the
Turks. 163. and how by Ducas.
14
Rome taken^and the Walls overthrown
335
Romilda and her d.ittghters. 109
Kofimundii.) fjer revenge. 104
Bifliop of Rofs , K^gent for Queen
Mary. 627
Rotchell Befieged. 515. and taken.
514
Rotvil , the place of judicature.
371
Rudolphus o/Burgundy. 143
Rudolphus of Hafpurg , Emperotir.
his Fi^ories and actions. 2^6. his
death. ib.
Ruffinus. po
Rupert of Bavaria, Emperor. ■^^i. his
aUions. ^^z
Rupert the Palatin occajioneth a War.
KufCizns defeated. i/^^. of the Gteck"
Communion. 246
Ruflia deluded by Demetrius , the
Counterfeit Prince. 440
RulTia LMolefied by the Polander.
446
ddd4d>^^ '^V'- Salador
The Alphabetical Table.
SAlador, its Hifiory.
Saliquc La». 287.
in Savoy.
5aporcs , thePctCnn King. 68, &c.
81.85
Jaraccns fubdue the Eaft. 1 1 1. attempt
Byzantium, and take Rhodes.i i 2,
&c . fall out about their jiroft. 115.
Wdfie Afric, and are defeated by
Conftantin. ibid. &c. Sddttethe
Perfians. 115. defeat Juftinian.
ibid. Jre killed in France. 119.
And in .Spain. 125. Overrun Cy-
prus. 127. Defeated in ^pain,
130. They Defe Chrift WBafil
the Emperor. 1 36. Their Rites and
Prayers changed. 138. Beat by the
Tartars. 248
5armatians. 87
SdX\xx'c\\x\w'=> tome itf pieces. 14
5avoy, and its Earls. 2j9^Scc.
-Savoy en Hifiory profecuted. 345. 392,
&c.
Sav?)y made a. Prey to flrangers.
Savoy defies parage to the French.
491
Duke of S Iconics complaint, andrefo-
lution. 386
Si-Kony much troubled^ and their Duke
taken. 429
.Jaxons called into Brittan.93. Drive
out the Brittans. 95. Erect their
Kingdom. 98. Kept off from Ian-
ding.\c2. -rake the I(le of Wight.
102. quarrel with the Swtv'i- 107.
Their Plantations. 1 29
Saxons quarrel with Henry the fea-
veaih Emperor. 1 6o,&c.
Saxons 4»^ Cjefarians at variance.
429,&c.
Szxony the feat of ivar. 455
• Scaligcr, Cajus and Maftinus. 2 59
Scanderbeg r^i/o//-^ from Amurath,
464. jv/f^Huniades,)/'<?)i/^.f Amu-
rath. 465
Scundetheg if but^ and dieth. 468.
Hisjlrength and courage. ib.
Scaphufa, it's Hifiory. 3 66
Schifmes. 86.277.295.251
Scipio ^milianus. 4. oppofeth Grac-
chus , and is poyfened. 8- Scipio
is fent againfi Numantia. 9.
Scipio, Pompeys Father in law
kills htmfelf. 27
Bardas Sclerus his anions. 149,
&c.
Scotland troubled with intefliv wars.
325
Scotland fhelters the Engliih King
and his adherents. 5 34
Seotlands friendfhip fought for by the
Englifli4«W French. 538
Scotland diflurbed by the Chancellor
and Regent. 539. By DouglafTe.
544
Troubled by Courtiers^ and Fa£iio»Sj
563,&c.
In great troubles in James the fifth's
CMinority. 570.&C.
Troubled with civil wars between
^^en \A-m€s Party and the Re-
gents. 624,&c.
Raifeth tumults about the new Ser-
vice-Book. 642
Sifhops of Scotland protefl againfi the
Covenanter. 64J
Scots Presbyterians expell the Bi..
pops , and raife great Armies 4-
gainfl the King . ib id .
/»a;4^(? England. 646.
Take Newcaftle. ib.
Scots receive the Chrifiim Faith,
when^ 79
Converted by Paliadius. 93
Deflroy the P'lds. 134
Have Wars with England , and
troubles at home. 233
They beat the Danes and Norvcgi-
ans. 243
Take the Ifle ^/Man , and aid King
Henry againfi the Barons. 243
Scots Clergy contefl with the No-
bility-^ 34?. they (light the Popes
Legat. ib. divided bf the factions
of Baliol and Bruce. 244. thej
overthrow the Englifti Fleet A\)\d.
They loje Barwick, Edcnburgh,
and Sterling. 24f .
They invade England. ib.
Are beat by King Edward, ib.
They defeat three Englifh Armies in
one day. ib.
Scots overthrow the Englifh *t
Bannock. . 306
Invade
The Alphabetical I able.
317.
ibid.
Invade England and Wales.
are angry with the French.
Their Juceefs at htme and in Ireland
321
slight the fofes Legats. 322
Invade England again rvith. 20000
horfe. ib.
Beaten by Baliol.324. invade Engl.
without their Kings confent. 328
Scotch and Englifli hiekerings in
France. 5 3 6. Scots defeated at FIou^
dm.%^1. Their civil Wars. 536
Scots voafie the'Er).^\\^ hordei^.^j^.
Their miferies in ^tteen Maries Mi-
writy. ^jj^Scc.
Will not hearken to a match with
England. 58c. are defeated by the
Englifti.. 580
Send Commiffionersinto France »t-
, bout the match. 582. are poyfoned
there. 583
Scots Crown demanded by the French.
but reffffed. ib.
Scots Protejl ants make a League with
England againfi France. 585
Scots beaten by Sommerfet, Protestor
of England. 586"
Scots beat the French into Lcith. 614
Will not be induced to admit ^lueen
Mary. _ 625
iPcylla , hi( viEiories And (Quarrels with
Marius. 15, &c. his cruel acts and
fuccefs.i6,8cc. his Bictatorjhijf and
death. 17
Scjaniis,^^ wickednefs and cruelties. ^j
&c . his Tragical end. 39
Seleucus,/<'» o/Antiochns Gryphus.
II
Sclymus the Tuxk.^ji. his actions and
victories. xh.Scc.his end. 474
Sclymns the fecond, his victories. 478
"Seneca. " 44.&C.
Seriphas the iEgyption. 248
Scrtorius h^ actions and death. 1 8
Scverus Emperor.^i.he defeats'Higcr ,
ilbihts other actions. $2. his rigid Go,
vernment and end. ib. Scvcms the
[ Eutychcan. 99,&c.
"Sextus Pompcius feifeth on Sicily, 30
is reconciled to Offtayius (^ Antony,
31. is beat atfea^andfiain. ibid
Maximilian SforCas gift to the Swit-
zers. 374
Francis Sfortia invades Milhn. 411
his actions and (nd, 41 ;t, fj^ii fon re-
covers it. -'=''-- c- it,.4i5
Sfortia def cited by the S witzcrs. 5 04
Englifh ship , two in number , fight
with 30 Tarkijl) G allies . ^.85
Englifli Ships taken by the Scots
567
Sicily quickly won and loft. 157
Sicilian cruelty againjl the French.
235
Sigifrtiund of Aiiftria. 37 j
Sigifmund c/Swcthland depofed.^jj^
&c.
Sigifmund Bmperer. 35. his actions.
ibid..*tc.
Sigifmund, King of Hungarie. 270.
397Ac-
Sigifmund iT/w^ fl/ Hungarie impri..
foned, and fet free. , 303
h'i\c^\ifubdueA. 257
Simon fucceeds Jonathas.5.^^> actions-^
is murthered. ib. Symon Magus.
'43-4?
Sinan the Tnrk dieth with grief.
405
Siroes the Perfian King. no
Slaves trouble the Romans, d. are 0-
vertbrown in Sicily by LucuUus and
Aquilius. 13.&C.
Shvi , or Slavonians, ici. 108.
115.
Soly mm invades Hungary.400. for-
ced to leave Vienna, ib.
Solyman his actions and victories.
475,&c.^«' end and Character. 478
Spain poffejjed by the Saracens. 117.
under Mozarjhcs and Almod Ara-
bians, up
Overrun by the Moors. i ^j
Spain defeats the Affrican Kings. 290
troubled with civil fVars.^ 4.4 . obtains
aU'i^a^pics./^ij.beats out the Moots.
4i3.Spanifli Fleet beat by Solyman.
43 5. Spanifli harjhnefs in Belgium,
ib. Spaniards beaten out of Africa.
434. rejected ^jf ?^f Netherlanders.
435
Spain hath dive rs difafiers. 505
S^2iin prep ares a Feet again ft Eng-
land. 604. The greatnejfe thereof.
ib.
Spanifh Fleet encountred with , and
defeated by the Englifh. 605,
&c.
Spain invaded by f^^ Englifli. 606
Spaniards beaten by the French.
••\V-ic;
60
Spaniard c
The Alphabetical Table.
Spaniards ^e4f md are beaten. 452.
Spaniards beat the French out of Italy
504
Spaniards in Ireland article with the
Deputy and are fent heme. 611
Spanidi Fleet defeated by the Hollan-
ders. 644
Jrchbifhof of Spalato entertained avd
fent away. 640
Sparcacus his anions attd death. 1 8
Spencer. 306,&c.
Spinola and Maurice, their aifions.
454
Spier Diocefs mutinies. 419
Stauratii'.s the Patrician. 123*, &c.
his fen. 12']. wounded. ib.
St^^hcn the Pairiarch. 144
Stephen, AV;«g-(?/England. 187
Stilico. 90
Michael Stratioticus Greek Emperor.
162
Robert Stuart, King <>/Scothind.327
Stuarts and Douglafles firive for the
young King. 573
Matthew Stuart, EttrlofLcnox^ de-
luded. 5 j-j.beaten^andfies into Eng-
land. 578,&:c.
Charls Sudcrman. 440
Suffolk accufed of high Treafon. 5 30.
his end. ib.
S\AunJ]is expedition into Perfia.485.
he fcr ds home the French Jmbajfa.
dor, and bribes the Janifaries. ib.
&c.
Duke of Sommerfet accufed^ and (lain.
531
Duke of Sovs\m^\{ct^prote£tor <>/ Eng-
land , executes hts brother^ and is ac-
cufed o/Trcafon. 588. is executed.
589
Swcdifh ^//?o>7. 377,&c.
Swedes make Laxvs for ejlablijhing
"...pheir Kingdom. ^Jp. have rvars rvith
l,jheDancs. ib.
J$wethland and its Kin^s. 255,&c.
S wethlands Hifiery, 3 3 6.^dcc .
S)^itzcxs fubdued by Rodulphus . 246.
'^.i • Cantont^ themfehes.a, 5 3 .their va-
lour m the Romans time^ and their
Service againfi the Sara zens. 357.
they rebel againfi their Nobles, ib.
divided into two Religions. ih. their
L cagut .358. they had n»%ch bicker -
■ \ingmth the Auftrians. 357, &c.
; (, tfieir Hifiory.h. dec. they have divers
enemies. 161, they war amongfi them-
felves , and with the French 362.
they defeat and kill Charls of Bur.
gundy .363. they increas their Can-
ton Towns. ih.t hey quarrel with Mil-
Ian, ih.their lafi war for their Liber-
ty.^6^. areworfied at]:^ap\c.s. ^66.
they aid the French and the PopCr
ib.W Maximilian. 3 67. their ami-
ty fought for. 366. make peace with
the Vxcnch. 368. then fall out with
them. ibid, then make a perpetual
League with Vraixcc.ib.Scc.theirfii.
pendiary Towns. ■^'ji . other of their
Towns. 373. their 9 Bailiages. 374.
their free Provinces, ib. their divers
Confederacies. 3 7 5 , &c. they defeat
and kill Charls of Burgundy. 410,
difTwade^^f election of King Fran.
cis. 421*
Synod Jee Counccl.
T
TAmerlan andhisConqftefis.i6/[i
Tartarians, what kinde of people,
182
Tartars overrun many Countries. 230.
are converted h. fend to the Pope,
239.^?f<>wf Mahumetans. 247, &c.
Prccopit Tartars made flaves to the
Turks. 479
Taurinum/r4»g'f/)i releajed. 281
Tcchelles the Perfian Commander. 1^1 1
&e.
Telerichus the Bulgarian. 120.122
Temple at Delphos. 8 5. /if Jcrufalem.
49.84. of Apollo at Rome.85. */
5.Sophia.i03.o/5. Mark. 104. of
the Holy Sepulchre taken. 229
Templars defirojed. 238,&c.
Tenedos occafion of much war. I'ju
275,
24^
100
nof
rfaki
htfex-
fiighted andforfaken.
Terza beats the Turk ,
Thalmud.
Theodifcus corrupts Ifiodor.
Theodofius the 'Bmperor. 88.
cellencies.\h.Sic. his death. 89
Theodofius the younger. $1, Sec. The-
odofius c/Adramyttum.i i7« &c.
Theophilus £»ip<?ror. 132
Theodora Emperefs, 134
Theodoricus f^f Goth. 94. hicaSfi-
ons and death. 98.
Theodorus Lafcalis. 228. Thcodprici
£4r/j ^/Holland. 251
Thomas,
The Alphabetical Table.
Thomas , Jir»atffed Coniiantin , h^s
life And death , j ^ 2 .
Thomas Earl of Savoy. 2 80.
1hx:iC\2Lr\'b Rebellion. 13
Tiberius ^/sf 'vi^ories.^^. his govern,
went and qualities defcribed.^6. his
ref$rmation and cruel nature. ■3,'j. is
ferftvaded by Sejanus to remove
from the City. ib. he lives eleven
fears at Caprea', and why. 7^%. his in~
hHmanitie to his mother, ib. he de.
jlroys St]im\s,Mdv!>hy ^9. his death
and burial. 40.
Tiberius, Emperor of hyz^ntvam^ his
actions. 10 ^.dyeth. \o6
Tiberius Apifmarus , Emperor. 1 1 5
Tigrancs and his Actions. 1 7.ip,&c.
Tigurum change th its Government.
^^S.liketobefurpri^d^ and quar-
rels with Habefpurg. 359. and with
Raperfvil. ib. they wafie Marchia.
ib .defire peace rrith h\x{k.x\^^which is
denied them. 360. theyftthmit to the
^uten of Hungaries verdict, ib.
make war with the Auftrian. 360,
&c.
Tigurins will make no LeAgue mth
¥vzncc, and their reafons. 368.
Tilly, the Czefarian GeneraliJJimo.^Zz
takes Magdeburg. 383. his other
actions. 384,&c.
Tilly Defeated and wounded^ 3 85.
rvounded again. 388. dieth at
Ingolftad. 389
Tillies and Fridlands proceedings./^-) 6
&C.460
tir-Oenre^e//iA^Ulfter.6op, &c. his
, uttderhdmi-dealing. 6 1 o.he beats the
:- -Englifh.ib.^f /'rfr7/« n^/t^E'ffex.ib.
~- fpoiles Iceland, and is heat by Mont-
.aj.ijioyv 6jiTLi^ Submits and is pardoned.
^X'.'A -lo.;. ,. ■ ' ibid.
.*£iXXiS'^he£mperw.^6. fabdues JcwOl^
^; llem.49. andTrium^heth with his
-".5 Father ^^, hisfweet nainre andcon-i
^i' 4itf0ns. 50
. TomumbeiuS3i<:/»j- of JEoy^tthanged
' bfSclywm, 474.
Tbtilas.io2. killed. 103
TTournay talcenbj a French Sarbar.
'■■■'.•■- /^99
i^^^\!^'jtx\.%2:\^tf^offd GoverMKnt and
-l-i :-^ 'victories.^ ^.indangered at Antioch
s^^' ib.hif loger-kWddtaikh, hU burial
/ Traitors and Treafons agamft ^een
^\\z:xh&th detected. do-^^&c.
Tranfylvania pejlredwith civil war.
Treaties between England , Naples 4W
Perfia, with the Turk. 483
Elector of Trcvers Speech. 42 2,&c.
Troubles between the Quun Regent of
Scotland and the Protejlants. 584,
&c.
Tryphon obtains Syria. 5. which he
lofeth again^and if jlain.6. Tryphon
the Patriarch. 14^.
Tully is quejl or. 1 9. Conful. 20. isba- ^
nifhed and plundered. 2 1 .returns ^and ^
is called 7ransfuga.2 3 . and Impera-
tor.ib. pleads for Milo.24. inveighs
againfi Antony. 29./^ banijlied^mur^
thered, and after death .^ ah fed. 39
Tunis befieged, which makis peace with
the Chrijlians. 302
Turks. io$.revoltfrom Heraclius.i 10
breakout of the Cafpian Straits.
121
Turks fw/'/ojfi;/ ^^ Mahomet. 150.
whom theyfuhdue with his Saracens.
151 .they defire peace with Conftan-
tin.i 58. beaten by Theod.Lafcaris.
ziS.lnvade the Greek Empire 246
defeat the Ahnuzn^j. wafie the Ea-
flern Empire. 248. take divers
Towns. 250. their original and in-
creafe. 262 Scc.theirTetrarches.26^
called in by Francis the French king^
they befiege ^kxa..^9').wajle Hun»
gary. /^oo. they defeat Ferdinand,
and are defeated by him. /^oi. their
cruelties in Hungary 403. aj[a»lt
Malta, 4;?<s^?4^^ Chios. 433.477.
take Cyprus and Golet, 434. 478.
take Conftancinople. i^dS.takedp-
vers.places from the Venetian. 4^7,
Scc.'they take Rhodes. 476. defeated
atLc^znto.^[jS.theirbadfuccefs a-
gainjl the Perfians. 479. their per.,
fdioufnefs to Hungary, ib. their bad
fuccefs in f^fMediterFanean/^rf.481
Wat Tylers Rebellion. 315
V
VAIcntinian and Valens, their
G over nment.SS. and end. 87.
Valeniinian thefecond. 88.&C
Valentinian the third. 93 '9$
i^alcrianus h^ti r eigne and end, 6<)
Valerians
The Alphabetical Table.
y 3.kCizni their fifpry. 370
Vandals invade Africa. 93
Variiis Antonius Heliogabalus, tvhyfo
called. 6^. his wicked^ tyrannically
and ridiculous Government. 64 &c.
his end. ^5
Varus is defeated in Gcrmany.35. he
defeats the ^eres. 36
lohn Vayvod c/Tranfylvania. 400
Confirmed k. <>/Hungary by the Turk,
ib. Vayvods treachery. 402
Ycnlcc founded.g 5 . herfirfi Duke. 1 1 7
They ex^ell the Duke, 127. Bejiege
Byzantium. 186. Make a [.eague
vptth the Comnins againfi the Laf-
carins.2j8. take Czndie. 2^ ^.quar-
rel with the Genuois about a Churchy
10^6. theyjight the Genuois. 261 .
quarrel again. 2 69. their long rvarr
with Genua/er the I fie ^/Tenedos.
271. are beaten^ and fue for peace.
2 72,&c. beat off from the walls of
Clodia. 273. defeated at Sea by the
Genuois again- 2 74. . obtain a -viBo.
ry. ib. recover all then lojjes.ib.&cc.
are reconciled with the Genuois. 275
are deluded by Fr.Sfortia. /^X2. enter
into a League againjl him.. 416.
their greatneffe envied, i^ij. their
loffes. 4 1 8. fall out with the ^efuites
and Pope. 441. and reconciled. ibid,
their flnps infeftedby the Croats. 1:^0,6
are reconciled to Ferdinand the arch-
Duke.ih. lofe divers places. i^6jydcc.
make peace with Mahomet. 468.
they quarrelwith hajazct.^jo.make
peace with him.\h. lofe Cyprus. 478
VcfpaCan's actions in ^udea. 46, &c.
his reigii,\^. his good parts and end
49,&c. Vefuvius breaks out. "yO^^j
Victor Bijhop of Rome. 5 9
VillicrsD.t?/ Buckingham. 638
Viriatus * Robber beats the Romans. 8
■ is betrayed and fain. ib.
.Nirius the Captain. 345
WVifigQths..93. fubdue 031113^13.105
•: Vitahanus Muflermafier. 99-,Scc.
ViteUius his reign and death. 47, &c.
Viiiges ^/'^ Goth. 102.
Uladomirus Pr.o/Ruflia defeated. 158
Ulphiks Bijhop. 86
Ulricus£«ir/o/ Cilia. 408
Union of England and Scotland hin-
dered. ■ -,; A 572
Univcrfitics (/Cambridge. III. of
Paris. 125. 0/ Papia, Ticinum
Ofnaburg,/*;?^ Bononia. 125. of
O xford .136. of Bononia tranjla,
ted to V^idiu. 226. o/Haples.227
o/"5almatica.2 34. o/Praguc.268
o/Lovain.ib. O/Orlcans. 376.
o/Cracovia. 277. O/Lipfia. 334
of Tubinga. 4 1 4. 0/ Witccberg,
o/Franckfort. 415. of Sena. 431
0/ Leyden.434. o/Helmeftad.ib.
of Saint Andrews in Scotland. 536
of Lovcn in Brabant. 146
John Archbijhop <?/ Upfalia^ 3 39
Ufumcaflanes his menage to Mahomet
467, &c.
Bijhi^s of Utricht. 344
w
WAldcmar/r;>^o/ Denmark.
177
Waldcmar z^ K. o/Dcnmark. 2 24
Waldemar 3** 266
Waldenfes \vhat?222. Beaten by Phi-
lip,Lcwis the S. and Lewis 9. 229
W3.\csfubdued.2/\.2. Prince of W aid
in France complained ^ainfl. 294
Wall fl/Pcloponefus butlt and demo-
lijhed. 26%
ho\y. War undertaken. 16^. ^c. 181
War begun between Denmark & Tilly
45^. JntheVdktXm. 455
Wars between England and France,
29i,e^<r. /» Flanders, 295.
Wars denounced at the Diet ef Spire.
againfi K. Francis. 399
Wars of the Netherlands begun., 433,
&c.^l6
Wars ^ffwtftfw Engl, ii;^^ France. 551
^f*'n>«» England^ Scotland. 327
Between England 4»^/,Scotland 4-
gain., 542,5 ^0,5 78, &c. In Flan,
ders by the Gauntois.298. Between
Lewis 1 1 . and his pefipte. 49 ^ , &C.
Between Mantua /t»rf Savoy, 446
In Germany 4WBbhemia.448. Se»
tween Poland and the Turk. 481,
\ - . 482,4^5
Warwicks proceedings againfi JC.Ed-
ward. 547, '&c.
Wenceflaus BmperorJjU flagitious life
and death. 269, &C.
John Witkliffe tecafim tumHltiiin
London. , 314
A Wild-man in Sardinia*. ' 1 8z
William the Conqueror. i&f,Scc. hii
A£iionsmde»d.i6^, Wil-
The Alphabetical Table.
William 2^ kis life md end. 168,
&c.
William, jK'i^^ ofScothnd,his anions
and death. 191, &c.
William, Ea.ofHolhnd, againfl Fre»
deiick.226.^ driven back into Hol-
land. 227
William Wallas > * valiant Scot.
243.
^^ recovers the lofi towns , and beats
mt theEn§[i{h.2^^ .invades England
ib . is betrajed and (lain. ib .
William,B//^<»f <?/ Utricht. 252
William, Earl 0/ Holland , fails into
Scotland. ib.
William, A', of the Komzns^his life (^
death. 25^.
William , third and fourth , Earls of
Holland. 278, &c.
Wolfardus the Favorit hanged. 253
Wolfay ,/'fcf greatnefs and f ride. 552,
8cc.his offreffions andfacriledge.^^^
&c. his entertainment abroad. 552,
5 '^/^.accufed and articled againfl. 55^
his downfall. 555
Wyats EebelIion.')^i,S>cc. he is taken,
and beheaded. 592
Y
ARchbifhop of York defeated by
the Scots. 321
Battels betrveen the Yorkfhiic andhzn-
cz{)[\\xc Factions. 53i,&c.
B.of York raijeth an Army,^ is made
Protcifor. 5 3 1 .ts removed^ andraifeth
an Army.^'^i.fljeth into Ireland, rtf-
turns and claitns the Crmvn.^^^. is
flain.'^^Of. young Duke of York fghts^
and is vicarious. ib.
ZEhim^King ofSyni. 7
George Zeck, the faBious Wxx'cl.
garian tortured. 399
Zcland united to Holland. 253. trou.
bled. 278
Zelots <?/Jud£ea. 36
Zcno,an Eutychian. 97. ftarved in his
Tomhe. 98
Zenobia. 7i,&c.
'L\m\(c^s.,Emfer0roftheEaft. 148
Zirizcea Befieged. 278
Zoc,Conftandus his mot her. i^i.Zoc,
the wife <)/Romaniis. 1 57,&c.
FINIS.
Good Reader, Though care was ufed to prevent literall or verball Errors, yet by
rcafon the Book was under Three feverall Prefles, fomc Errata s have efca.
ped the Eyes of the Corre^ors, which are here fet down,and may be mended
with thy Pen.
In the TREFjICE; f. S, /. i2; cHifturian'.
P.Age 7. line 12, read one; f.S, /.^J. dele the; f.i*. /.SJ. r. 1 ij^urins; f.15 / i-.r.TKhlicnr.j'.ij I i» cLefions; It.C*«f.J
Cmienls-^. Caialins conCp\riCyip if,/ 17. r.Eunuch; ^.»o./. }9,r.Arears;}> Ii.injo-/ and; p-2?. /.4? r.riings; ii /.51 r.CaJie-
tnmeuf^ p.2«.l,4 Z.de'.e vtere knights; p.29.1 $J ,r..Ant,'itiui,Mari^ctj brother; p 41 /.4i.r.Manuniiffed; p.4 3./ 44 r de Marfi;p.
51./.15.C Vil'ards; p.^'i.l.l^. r.ffalachia; f,5J./.I5,Sc 1 7, r -^nrouif*/; f.^j./.JJ. r.Tan/cnxj; p 6^.1.^. r.Leonidcs\ p.bB.L t.
r.Bufirts; /.}o.r.Conqueror; f.?! /. 17. r.boughs; p tj.l.l zM,th;p.^t<.l 57. r.Pcople; f.ioi.l.y. de!c,m; f iii.l.^jHcm-
tliui;!.:^^ r.^quitania:, l.^i.r.^rtoii\ p. 1 15./ I. r.fatca while;/) 1 »"./.i7,r ^mj/ia; )'.i51./.il.>-.by Lis tollowers; f.ijS
/.20. r.Ga//<(r Ocean; P.M97.48. <&/f,thc; p. 156./.36 i-,tf|:'o; p zjl.t.'i^.r .Apetiins;p.iii.I.2i.r.Hemy; p.2i^.t,i6 r.Calyphs
forces; p.2io./.48./i)r piace,r.peace; p.ii:i.l.f}.r.Trapezia>tinum; pi^'^.L^o. r Saneius; p.2^y.l.i^.> .B^otia; P.J55./.5?. r.
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Frid/i; / 46,r.againft them; p. 272«/.5 1, r.C«WJ3Fi>^;f. 175.;. 6, /or,it,r.in;/. 1 9,r Htmifcar; p.%-j.l,t6,dele,hei L:[^,r.-4ti-
naiei; p,2y<).U»%r,SahiiudiasH$^r.Caudamt; f.2g8 /.J5,r.the Flemings; f.^ij./.ii.r.theDrawbridg; p.32i./.i7, r. hehad
hiddeOif j j2./.}4,r.F«-ii(m-jfB;H;j),355./.7.r.delired;/.jS,r. the Papacy; p. 547 /i5,r.rj«i/emo)«HB»!; p.;6i./.22,>-.Bfrn^fc.&c.
p. j83./,I?.r.3fcn:;c«fi</»j;i.27,r .neither; p .%i%.l.2,l,dele,iT\-., /.50,r.but to no purpore;p. ?85./.«2,)-.ot rri^cnfcfrf,^. 597./.20,
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P 4»4, for B(!hemia,t.Hungiiri(i\pna-j,l,:^2^r.^mtir<iih:, ifc.^^jj^c. p. 409/14, r.Lecnora & Sen<eiib. 47,£xarcfc;p.4l5.A46,r.
Confahiii;ib.$i.p ^ly.l.^Ojr.Bonmia:, p.41 J./.37,r.Efn/)i/i)/J;p 4i9./.53,r.Bor«/on;p.43i./.4 r.I-eptis;!.i^,rGenucir-, p.4J5
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p.488./. ^V'"*'*"; 7.48, i/e/e,is wifhed; p.49i./.44,r.zeal;p.493 /.ii^.Towers; p.^9(>J.i,6,r.Rhtnc\ P.499./.52, r.Gj&jr;
p.Joo^Con/ciHjCap. r.Profecution of the French Hiftory;/»8, r,C'/ip/K; p.502,;.42,r.^ngc/i;; p.5o45/ Jl./or j,r.2. p_.5ii,/.$
for accufed,r.informed; p.5i;./.i4,r.Sii>ii;ze;ii ^i^c. p.^i9-l-2i,r.Marle\p.'^-i,j.l.f,rMordacus\p.^n2.l.ta;i;-ArgUe:, p C548J
/. I9,r of France; p.558./.24,''.curbs;p. 573, lii,& u>r. returning; p. 58 5./.49v.R*»e>»; }i.597./.4i,r.f .ir^fr; p.625./.i i,de!e,
him; ^-6}^. l.i, r.^mhaJftdori; p, 6^0,1.22, fir Abbot,r.fFhi:gHifi;p.b4i /.;8, r. upon.p.64»./.25, j/icr Parliament a pericrf.
Faults efcaped in the CHRONOLOGT.
lyS^Mr before Chrift; 1.2,r -AHleiei; I,4,C'z.kenKi:, 73 r.after Chr.in the dl.^^.Mhia; 80 CJ.j,?^ ^,r.Cerinihiis; too 5./.f.
r.refufeth the ConfuHhip; 160 C.A J,r.£ni.r(i!;(«; 170 S: l.\,r.-Marc<imani ^iSo C: l.9,r.-Arlatyrii^; 2CO C:l.4^r ZcpHr'itui; tioC.
I. i^r.Eclefailte; J6oS.r.Ga//wi; 380 £".■;. lO.r.^rworiia; 400 C; /. 6, r. Metan gifmcnit<e; I j,r.Peltigmi; 420 C: I. ),r.CcnJiamimptei
440 5; l.^,r.-AnihtnJm; 470 C : l.l,~Acatitii; 55® S; l.i,r.C"'Ji<'i'tmeple; J40 C:l.tjf.Virgiltus; %%o l.y.delc^M., y4^%: l.io.r.Pn-
latins; 75oS./.J,f.out of Macedonia^ ^50 S.l-S^r. Hungarians; l.\2,r.Venice; i02o5.;.i,r.CjicWfj; ifc.C.7.J,i-,preached; 10408;
l.^^r.Menovtachus; 1050 5; ;.4,r.5(M»»o(i«<j; l.j,r.l-meyn; 1100 S./. 13, r.^n/fto; C:/.4,)-.ii^coif; iiio5./.i6,(jirf,by K.
Celoman; 1 150S: /.i4,arfi, to ; iiyo CU-6,add,yeiri; 1240 5; i. i», after peace,apcr<»d; /; >j,jiJ,theK i27oS:/.6.r.
D(imiceUi;l:iS,r..Anccmans; i^lo S: i.t»,r.Polaci; 1J40S; /.i.i-.NiMroeiii; 1350/ i^Xejioi; g j8o./.6ii-.-4cAmrt; l4loS./.2,r,
r«/«ci!i;«n;i4JoC:/,io,r.and theBifbop; 1440 S; I. ^,r. Moldavia; 1460 f- /.2^,X.rf/<«; 1 5 10 C: /. ?,i- Sena.
The Acdt&r is to take notice that (C) (lands for todireft to matters of tbe Church; and (S) for the State,
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