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HIST-'MT  :?  3  -  j:. 


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HISTORY  OF  PARIS. 


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THE 

HISTORY  OF  PARIS, 

FttOM 

THE  EARLIEST  PERIOD 

TO 

THE     PRESENT    DAY: 

COKTAININO 

A  DESCRIPTION 

OF 

ITS  ANTIQUITIES,  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS, 

€i\iiit  B(Ugi«iu(,  %ctnitific,  ano  €0mmttci$l  !ll1UEtitlttiolu^ 

WITH  NUMBEOUS  HI8TOEICAL  FACTS  AlTD  ANCCDOTKS,  HITHCETO 

UNPUBLISHED,  TEKDINO  TO  ILLUSTRATE  THE  ^T^EEWT 

iEEAS    or    FEEECH    HISTOET,    PAETl'CULAELT    THE 

EVENTFUL  PBEIOD  OF  THE  EEfTOLUTIOK. 

TO  WHICH  U  ADD9 

AN    APPENDIX, 

COMTAZNIXe 

3    A  NOTICE   OF    THE   CHURCH  OP  SAINT   DKNISi 
AN  ACCOUNT  OP  THE  VIOLATIOli  OP  THE  ROYAL  TOMBS ; 
IMPORTANT  STATISTICAL  TABLES  DERtVED  PROM  OPPICIAL  SOURCBS. 
ETC.  ETC. 


IK  THRBB  VOLUMES. 
VOL.   III. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  FOR  GEO.  Bw  WUITTAKER,  AVE-MAJUA-LANE ; 

ASfD 

A.  AND  W.  GALI6NANI,  PARIS. 
1826. 


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HARYARO  COLLEGE  UBRAHr 


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C0N11BNTS  OF  VOLUME  UI. 


Page 
Chapter     IX.      Royal   Manufactories^    Markets, 

Slaughter-houses,  etc.       .     .  i 

^— —  X.  Places  and  Triumphal  Arches  26 
— — —      XI.      Rirers,    Aqueducts,    Fountains, 

etc 88 

XII.      Bridges  and  Quays     ....  184 

XIII.      City  Walls,  Boulevards,  Streets, 

etc 170 

— —  XrV.      Catacombs  and  Cemeteries    .     .  821 

Appends 887 

Index 481 


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S  V  \  Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


!W  .        ^  ^ 


PARIS,    ETC. 


CHAP.  IX. 


ROYAL  MANUFACTORIES. 

Mahvfactuab  Rot  alb  dbs  Gobbuns. — ^From  the  four- 
teenth century  dyers  of  wool  hare  been  establbhed  in  the 
fanboui^  Saint  MarceU  upon  the  Bi^vre,  the  water  of  that 
riYer  being  accounted  favourable  to  the  process  of  dyeing. 
One  of  them,  named  Jean  Gobelin,  who  lived  in  1450, 
amassed  considerable  wealth,  and  possessed  much  pro- 
perty on  the  banks  of  that  stream.  Philibert  his  son^ 
and  Denise  Lebret  his  wife,  followed  the  same  occupa- 
tion, augmented  their  fortune,  and  left  to  their  children 
considerable  possessions,  which  were  divided  in  1510» 
and  consisted  of  ten  houses,  with  gardens,  lands,  etc. 
Their  successors  continued  to  labour  with  success,  and 

VOL.  III.  A 


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ROYAL  MANUFACTORIES. 


gave  celebrity  to  the  name  of  Gobelin,  which  the  public 
applied  to  the  quarter  where  their  establishment  was 
situated*  and  even  to  the  rirer  Bi^vre  which  ran  through 
it.  The  family  of  Gobelin  having  beqoioe  very  rich  re- 
nounced the  prg^ioo  of  dy«r$,  ia|d  filled  various  offices 
in  the  magistracy*  the  treasury*  and  the  army. 

To  the  Gobelins  succeeded   Messrs.  Ganaye*  who  did 
not  confine  themselves  to  the  dyeing  of  wool,  but  began- 
to  manufiacture  tapestry.      Ahoet  1655,  they  were  sue- 
ceeded  by  a  Dutchman  named  Glucq,  and  a   workman 
named   Jean  Liansen,  who   excelled  in   the  art.     The 
beauty  of  the  articles  sent  from  this  manufactory  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  Colbert,  who  resolved  to  place  it 
under  the  special  protection  of  the  king.    For  that  purpose 
he  purchased,  in  1662,  all  the  houses  and  gardens  which  at 
present  form  the  site  of  the  manufactory,  and  erected 
work-shopa  and  extensive  boiidiiigs  for  Ifae  restdonce  of 
the  skilfid  artists  whom  be  induced  to  join  the  establish- 
ment, over  which,  in  1667,  the  celebrated  Lebrun  was 
appointed  director. 

The  buildingaof  this  manrfaclory  present  nothing  re« 
markable;  they  seem  to  have  been  erected  without  a  plan, 
at  different  periods,  and  to  have  been  added  to  each  other 
as  necessity  requfa^ed.  Several  rooms  or  galleries  are  or- 
namented whh  figures  in  plaster,  pictures,  and  ancient 
and  modern  tapertry.  The  work-rooms  are  four  in  num- 
ber,  attd  contain  pieces  of  t^>estry  in  dfflerent  states  of 
(brwardacas.  The  workman,  placed  behind  the  eanvas  <m 
which  he  ia  employed*  has  his  back  toiMd  towards  the 
modftl,  to  which  be  occasionaHy  refers,  in  oider  to  com- 
pare die  colour  of  his  yam  with  that  part  of  the  ptctwe 
he  is  copying. 

Connected  with  this  manuAKStory  are  an  esUblishment 
for  dyeing  the  y«m,  a  drawing^cboo)  in  which  the  princi- 


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L.i  SAVONNliBIE.  3 

pies  of  the  art  are  taught,  and  an  anniudi  course  of  lec- 
tures upon  chemistry  as  applicable  to  dyeing. 

Formerly  works  of  this  kind  Mrere  confined  to  Flanders, 
ndbere  the  celebrated  pieces  of  tapestry  after  Raphaers 
Cartoons  Wdr^  executed ;  but  at  present  there  is  no  ma- 
nuiactory  ^ual  to  that  of  the  Gebelins,  the  rep«rtation  of 
which  i«  spread  over  all  Ettrq>e. 

Manufacture  Rotale  de  la  SayqIinkais. — This  ma- 
nufactory is  established  at  Ghaillot,  upon  the  bank  of  the 
Seine,  fronting  the  quai  de  Billy.  Carpets  are  made  here 
in  imitation  of  those  of  Persia.  In  160&  it  was  created  a 
royal  establishment  by  Marie  de  M^dicis,  in  fkrour  of 
Pierre  Dupont,  who  invented  the  process  for  finishing 
the  carpeta,  and  who  was  placed  at  its  head  with  the  title 
of  director.  Simon  Lourdet  succeeded  him  in  1626. 
The  woilis  executed  under  the  direction  of  both  gave  such 
satisfaction,  that  they  obtained  letters  of  hobUsscn 

The  workshops  of  this  manufactory  were  at  first  estab- 
lished at  the  LouTre»  but,  by  command  of  Louis  XIII. , 
they  were  tratitferred  in  1616  to  a  house  at  Ghaillot, 
called  de  la  Savonnerie,  because  savan  (soap)  had  been 
formerly  made  there.  It  received  a  new  organization  in 
1668,  under  the  ministry  of  Colbert,  but  fell  afterwards 
into  a  languishing  state  and  was  nearly  abandoned,  when, 
m  1718,  the  duke  d'Antid,  director  of  the  royal  edifices 
and  manufactories,  repaired  the  buildings  and  restored  the 
activity  of  the  manufactory.  Upon  a  black  marble  tablet 
over  the  door  the  period  of  this  restoration  was  mscribed. 

The  chapel  de  la  Savonnerie,  which  was  very  plam,  w^s 
dedicated  to  Saint  Nicholas.  Over  its  porch  was  tbe  fol- 
lowing very  singular  inscription : — 

La  trda«nguste  Maeix  ob  Mioicis^  m^e  de  Louis  Xxil,  pour  avoir, 
par  la  charitable  munificence,  des  courobnes  au  del  comme  en  la 
tan  par  set  miSrites,  a  ^tabli  ce  lieu  de  charit^,  pour  y  ^tre  recus^ 

A* 


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4  ROYAL  MiNUFACTOKIES. 

aliments,  entreteoys  et  instniiu,  les  enfans  tir^  det  Mpitirax,  det 
pauvres  enferm^ ;  ie  tout  d  la  gloire  de  Dieu^  Tan  de  grice  1615. 

This  is  the  only  eslablishment  of  the  kind  in  France. 
The  pieces  manufactured  here  are  placed  perpendicularly* 
like  the  tapestry  dc  hatU^  Ucc;  but  with  tbis^diiTerence, 
that  in  the  latter  the  workman  is  placed  on  the  wrong  side» 
whilst  at  the  Sayonnerie  he  has  before  him  the  rights  as  in 
tapestry  de  borne  lia$. 

The  largest  carpet  ever  made  is  probably  that  manufac- 
tured at  la  Savannerie  for  the  gallery  of  the  LouTre.  It 
consists  of  seventy-two  pieces,  forming  altogether  a  length 
of  more  than  thirteen  hundred  feet. 

Makvfacturb  Rot  alb  des  Glaces. — The  art  of  manu- 
bcturing  mirrors  was  introduced  into  France  by  Eustache 
Grandmont  and  Jean  Antoine  d'Anthonneuil,  to  whom 
an  exclusive  privilege  for  ten  years  was  granted  by  let- 
ters-patent, dated  August  1,  1634.  In  March,  1640, 
this  privilege  was  ceded  by  the  patentees  to  Raphael  de  la 
Plancbe,  treasurer-general  of  the  royal  edifices.  The  un- 
dertaking being  merely  a  financial  speculation,  continued  in 
a  languishing  state  till  1666,  when  Colbert  created  it  a 
royal  manufactory,  and  erected  the  spacious  preaises 
which  it  at  present  occupies  in  the  rue  de  Reuilly,  faubourg 
Saint  Antoine. 

Previous  to  the  formation  of  this  establishment,  the  finest 
mirrors  possessed  by  Franco  were  brought  from  Tenice  ; 
but  in  a  short  time  the  glasses  of  Paris  greatly  excelled 
those  of  Venetian  manufacture  in  size  and  beauty.  All 
the  glass  employed  in  the  formation  of  mirrors  waa  bUmm 
until  1569,  when  a  Frenchman,  named  Thevart,  dis- 
covered the  art  of  casting  it,  which  process  was  carried 
to  a  high  degree  of  perfection  in  1688,  by  M.  Lucas  de 
Nehon.  The  art  of  polishing  the  glass  was  invented  by 
Rivitee  Dufropny,  to  whom,  as  a  reward  for  his  discovery. 


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MARKETS.  5 

an  eidusive  privifege  was  granted,  which  he  afterwards 
s«ld  to  the  manufactory. 

The  glass  is  cast  at  Tourlayille,  near  Cherbourg,  and 
at  Saint  Gobin,  aa  ancient  chateau  near  la  Fere ;  it  is 
afterwards  sent  to  Paris  to  be  polished,  silvered,  and  cut* 
Glasses  are  finished  in  this  manufactory  to  the  value  of 
more  than  fourteen  thousand  fi*ancs,  and  are  nearly  ten 
feet  in  height  by  six  and  a  half  in  width.  A  great  number 
of  workmen  are  employed  in  the  establishment. 

During  the  revolution  mirrors  to  the  amount  of  four- 
teen million  francs  were  accumulated  upon  these  premises. 

Manufacthu  RoTALB  DB  PoBCBLAiNB,  at  S^vrcs. — (See 
Appendix.) 

SaS=BSS9SSS  • 

MABKETS. 

The  first  market-place  in  Paris  was  situated  in  the  CiUt 
between  the  monastery  of  Saint  Eloi  and  the  street  or  road 
which  still  subsists  under  the  name  of  the  rtM  du  Mareh6 
Palud,  The  increase  o£  the  population  to  the  north  gave 
rise  to  the  establishment  of  a  market  in  the  place  de 
Gr^ve,  which  continued  there  till  the  time  of  Louis  YI., 
somamed  k  Gros,  by  whom  it  appears  to  have  been  trans- 
ferred to  a  field  or  large  piece  of  ground  named  Cawr- 
pcUi,  Champeaux,  or  Petiu  Champ9, 

This  groond  formed  part  of  the  manors  of  several  lords , 
Tk  the  king,  the  bishop,  the  chapter  of  Sainte  Opportune, 
the  priory  of  Saint  Martin,  and  that  of  Saint-Denis-de^ 
Mlbarire,  whose  rights,  defended  with  all  the  obstinaoy* 
that  the  feudal  system  authorised,  occasioned  great  eflnbar- 
rassment  to  the  monarch,  who  could  only  surmount  the 
obstacles  thrown  in  his  way  by  granting  indemnities,  of 
which  traces  remained  to  the  seventeenth  centory.  The 
bishop  of   Paris  was  the  most  difficult  to  satisfy ;  pro^ 


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6  MARKETS. 

prietor  of  the  greater  pari  of  this  vast  tkhip  the  king  was 
obliged  to  consent  to  share  with  him  the  soyereignly  and 
emolumenta  of  the  market.  A  deed  was  executed  between 
them  in  1130,  by  which  the  bishop  wa^  to  fa^ve  the  third 
ef  all  the  duties  collected.  The  pr6ffd$  of  the  king  was 
bound  to  awear  fealty  to  the  bishop,  and  the  prindt  of 
the  bishop  to  the  king. 

Philip  Augustus,  in  1183,  foitned  two  markets  upon  pari 
of  the  ground  Champeaua,  yvhtre,  as  has  been  akeady 
stated,  one  had  been  establish^  by  Louis-le-Gres.  The 
prior  and  rtUgUux  of  Saint  Laxare  enjoyed  the  pririlege 
of  holding  a  fair  in  the  Ticinity  of  their  hoMse.  This  pri- 
vilege Philip  Augustus  purchased  and  transferred  to  the 
mirkets,  which  he  surrounded  with  a  wall  having  several 
gates.  These  markets  wens  termed  Haltcs,  from  aller^ 
to  go,  according  to  some,  because  every  body  goes  to 
market ;  according  to  others,  its  meaning  is  the  same  aa 
the  English  hmll,  a  spacious  room  or  mansion.  Rigord,  who 
was  physician  to  Philip  Augustas,  and  wrote  his  life,  re> 
lates  the  feufidation  of  the  HaUuin  these  terms  : — 

FsoUfltt  est  aatsni  sodem  anao,  cpiad  idem  rex,  id  preees  muItD- 
mm,  ei  majdnii  ad  saggestionam  cujasdun  sanrieotift,  qui,  ao  ttn* 
pore,  fideliasimiis  in  n^otiis  re^  pattractondis  enf  Tidtbstar, 
nundinas  libi  et  suit  soccesaoribut  emit,  et  in  dvitate  truuferri  (edt, 
•ciHcety  in  fbro  quod  Campeffis  vocatur ;  ubi,  nh  decorem  et  maxi* 
roam  imtitutorum  titilitaSopi ,  per  miniiteritnn  piaditti  scrricBtif ,  qai 
in  kajotaiodi  oegotiii  paobatitiimus  arat,  duas  aaapias  dofaot  qnaa 
nilgus  Ualas  vocat  isdificari  focit,  io  qoibus,  tempore  plttTiali« 
omnes  mercatoret  merces  suas  mundisaimi  TeodereDt,  et  in  nocte 
ab  incarta  btronmn  tnt^  etutodireat  :  ad  ma)orem  etiaiA  caulelam, 
ai^ca  aasdm  Halas  jomit  in  cJBcnittt  mantm  cdificari,  poMas  tuffi- 
cienCaf, fieri  prrapiem,  qua  ia  nocte  semper  olauderentiir:  el  ialar 
murum  exteriorem  et  ip«as  Halas  mercatomm  slalla  fecit  erigi  desuper 
operta,  ne  mercatores,  tempoi-e  pIuTtoso,  i  roercaturS  ccssai^enl,  et 
ale  daamUtai  inoatt-srettl. 

In  1650;  the  Halles  were  rebuilt*  and  many  houses 
erected  in  th*  neighbourhood. 


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THE  RAiXES.  T 

Near  the  markets  tfaertfwas  iermerly  a  lohy  ocUgonal 
i&ifer  called  k  Pilopi,  in  which  convicts  sentenced  to 
public  eiposure  were  exhibhed  to  the  ga:te  of  the  popu- 
lace, b  was  bttUt  of  aloae^  and  was  svrmocncifed  by  a  lantern 
oC  wood»  in  which  the  prisoners  were  placed;  this  lan- 
tern iurtied  upon  a  piroi,  so  that  those  undergoing  pu- 
nishment could  be  exposed  to  the  public  on  all  sides. 

In  the  accounts  of  the  city  of  Paris  for  the  year  1615^ 
we  find  that  Laurent  Bazmrd,  ex^cuUut  de  la  haute  jus- 
Uee^  having  ascended  the  pillory  to  inspect  some  repairs, 
the  populace  set  fire  to  it,  and  the  executioner  was  burned 
to  death.  A  baker,  named  Losti^re^  one  of  the  incencfiaries, 
was  apprehended  mtd  hung. 

In  1673,  lean  Dete,  a  preouteur,  and  his  irasociate, 
Mercicr  Marcfaand,  being  convicted  of  mal-practices, 
stood  in  the  pillory  on  three  suecessive  market-days,  two 
hours  each  day.  Every  half  hour  the  easieuteur  de  la 
haute  justice  caused  them  to  make  the  tour  of  the  piDory. 
After  this  they  were  imprisoned  in  the  Tonmelle,  and 
sent  firom  thenee  to  tlie  galleys  Ibr  life.  The  punishment 
of  the  pillory  had  not  been  inflicted  in  Paris  for  fifty  yea^ 
beibre. 

The  pillory  of  the  UdlUe  was  rebuilt  in  1^71 ;  destroy- 
ed by  fire,  as  beibre  noticed,  in  1M& ;'  repaired  in  i.hhl, 
and  finally  demoKsbed  m  1789. 

Historians  attribute  to  Saint  Louis  three  regulations  re- 
lative to  the  sale  of  fish  brought  to  the  markets  of  Paris. 
From  these  it  appears  that  it  was  necessary  to  purchase  of 
the  king  the  right  <^  selling  fish,  and  that  there  -wett 
pruithammes^  wjuitii  dee  halles,  who  inspected  tke  mar- 
kets, and  received  the  fines  incurred  by  the  wholesale  or 
retail  dealers.  The  prud'hommes  were  appointed  by  the 
king's  cook.     Those  who  sold  fisb  paid  the  duty  of  ton- 


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8  MAIKETS. 

lieu  for  a  stall  in  the  market;  they  aUo  paid  the  selliiig 
duty,  the  duty  of  c(mg6,  and  that  of  halagt,  besides  the 
fees  of  the  prwfhommes.  The  lung's  co#k  obliged  the 
prudChamnus,  upon  their  appotntmeat,  to  swear  by  the 
saints  that  they  would  select  such  fish  as  the  lung,  the 
queen,  and  their  children  might  want,  and  fix  the  price 
of  it  en  eofueience. 

MABCHJt  DBS  Inhocbns,  Opening  into  the  rue  Saint  Deius. 
— This  extensive  market  was  formed  in  1784,  upon  the  an- 
cient cemetery  attached  to  the  church  dee  Ifmocens.*  The 
soil  was  completely  lenewed,  the  ground  payed,  and,  in 
1813,  a  wooden  gallery  was  erected. 

In  the  centre  of  this  market  is  a  beautiful  fountain, 
which  stood  originally  at  the  angle  formed  by  the  rue 
Saint  Denis  and  the  rue  aux  Fers.  It  was  erected  in 
1661,  under  the  direction  of  Pierre  Lescot,  abbot  of 
Gluni:  the  exquisite  sculpture  was  by  Jean  Goujon* 
The  decoration  was  divided  into  three  parts,  each  com- 
posed of  an  arcade,  accompanied  by  Corinthian  pilasters 
surmounted  by  a  pediment,  and  adorned  with  bas-relieb 
representing  Naiades. 

Difficulties  presented  themselves  in  the  formation  of  this 
fountain  into  a  detached  monument,  as  it  required  a  fourth 
side  to  correspond  with  those  wrought  by  the  matchless 
hand  of  Goujon.  The  project  suggested  by  M.  Six  was  en- 
trusted for  execution  to  Messrs*  Poyet,  L^rand,  and  Mo- 
linos  ;  and  M.  Pajou  was  charged  with  the  bas-rclieis  and 
figures  of  the  new  front.  The  lions  of  the  basement  and  the 
other  ornaments  were  executed  jointly  by  Messrs.  TUuil- 
lier,  Mc^iires,  and  Daujon.  This  quadrilateral  monument 
b  crowned  by  a  cupola  covered  with  copper,  represent- 

*  See  ChureJiatui  Cemetery  des  Innocens,  VoL  I.,  p.  164. 


k 


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MARCUi  DBS  INHOCENS;    ETC.  9 

ifig  the  scales  of  fish.     The  entire  height  is  forty-two  feet 
and  a  half.    On  each  of  the  four  sides  is  the  inscription, 

FONTIUH    NYKPHIS. 

The  following  distich,  by  Santeuil,  pjaced  upon  the  ori- 
ginal fountain,  was  effaced  at  its  removal,  but  restored  in 
1819  :— 

Quos  doro  cemis  Bimulatos  mannore  fluctus, 
Hujus  nympha  loci  credidit  esse  suos. — 1689. 

The  site  of  this  market-place  haying  been  once  the  most 
celebrated  burial-ground  in  Paris,  the  following  appro- 
priate inscription  was  proposed  for  it : 

Quod  loea  flelnlibus  squalebant  f oeda  sepulchris 
Nunc  praBbent  lautas  civibus  ecce  dapes ; 

Hie  pete  quod  rapidse  tibi  det  producere  yits 
Tempora,  supremum  sed  meditare  diem. 

MARCHi  Saikt  GEaMAiN,  ruo  de  Seine. — This  market 
occupies  part  of  the  spot  originally  deyoted  to  the  anqent 
Foirt-  Saint-Germain. 

There  were  formerly  five  fairs  in  Paris,  viz.  la  Foirt- 
Saim-Germain,  la  Foirc-Saint-Laurent,  la  Foirc-iiu- 
Temple,  la  Foirt-SainU^Ovidc,  and  la  Foire-aux-Jam' 
bans,  all  of  which  belonged  to  ecclesiastics.  The  two 
former  bemg  kept  open  for  several  weeks,  attracted  a  great 
number  of  jugglers,  mountebanks,  rope-dancers,  show- 
men, etc. 

The  abbot  and  monks  of  Saint-Germain-dea^Plrte  en- 
joyed from  a  remote  period  the  privilege  of  holding  an  aor 
nual  fair.  The  £rst  mention  of  it  is  in  a  deed  of  1196,  in 
which  Hugues,  abbot  of  Saint-Germain-des-IMs,  ceded 
to  Loub-le-Jeuae  half  the  revenue  of  this  fair,  which  be- 
gan fifteen  days  after  Easter,  and  lasted  throe  weeks. 

In  1278,  there  was  a  violent  combat'  in  the  Pri-auo> 
Ckrc9  between  the  scholars  of  the  aniversity  and  the 


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MARKETS. 

s  o(  the  abbey.  Tho  monks  were  teoteiiced  to 
rj  fines,  and  lo  relinquish  all  right  in  the  lair, 
as  then  transferred  to  the  BalUs.* 
abbot  and  monks  of  Saint-Germain- des-Pr^s, 
iperienced  great  losses  during  the  civil  wars  in 
ss  of  Charles  VI.  and  Charles  VII.,  petitioned 
L  to  give  them  as  an  indemnity  the  right  of 
ing  a  fiiir  in  the  faubourg  Saint  Germain.  Their 
ras  granted  by  letters-patent,  dated  March,  1482. 
r,  ekempi  firom  all  fiscal  chaises,  commenced 
U  of  October,  and  lasted  eight  days;  but  being 
\  infringe  on  the  pririleges  of  the  abbot  and 
f  Saint  Denis,  whose  fair  was  held  in  the  same 
long  debates  ensued,  and  it  was  decided  that 
of  Saint  Germain  should  be  held  on  the  3d  of 
f,  and  the  seven  following  days.  The  duration 
rwards  considerably  prolonged,  it  being  pro- 
on  the  8d  of  February,  and  continuing  till  Palm 
It  was  held  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Hdtel  de 
,  lo  whidi  the  monks  added  some  land  in  1480. 
M,  the  monks  constructed  one  hundred  and  forty 
virhich  the  abbot  Guillaume  Bri<;onnet  rebuilt  in 
These  fell  a  prey  to  the  flames  in  1763.  The  fire 
the  church  of  Saint  Snlpice,  and  damaged  the 
f  the  chapel  of  the  Virgin  Nary, 
rooths  were  rebuilt  in  the  following  year  upon  a 
aple  plan*  The  ground  was  divided  into  eight 
irliioh  interseeted  each  ether,  and  were  skirted 
ps  or  booiht.  There  were  also  several  extensive 
iilMhopB,  gaming-houses,  thidtnr  prainM,  and 
ee  or  four  large  theatres  where  the  actors  from 
cvifda  perferaied,  besides  places  (at  various  cx- 
\f  a  Winter  Vauxhall,  and  a  batt^pooni. 

*  Sec  Vol.  U.,  pnge257. 


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HALLE  AU  Bli.  i  i 

The  fair  was  su^ressed  in  178^»  but  the  booths  were 
not  entirely  demolished  till  1811»  when  ihe  market, 
which  18  one  of  the  finest,  the  most  spacious,  and  most 
Qommodious  in  Paris,  or  even  in  France,  was  commenced, 
under  the  direction  of  Blondel.  hs  architecture  is  plain 
and  substantial,  and  its  plan  such  as  to  afford  erery  pos- 
sible advantage  of  light  and  air. 

The  form  of  the  MarcliASt.  Germain  isji  parallelogram 
of  one  hundred  and  three  yards  by  eighty*three.  The  two 
longest  sides  open  into  the  court  by  twentj^two  arcades, 
and  the  two  shortest  by  serenteen.  Each  of  theifour  fronts 
has  five  entrances^  closed  by  iron  gates.  A  buildkig  to 
the  south  of  the  principal  structure,  appropriated  to  but- 
chers, is  ia  the  same  style,  exc^  Aai  some  pf  the  ar- 
cades are  filled  up.  It  ia  entered  by  three  iron  gates»  in 
front  of  one  of  ^^^lich  it  a  ibuntain  attached  to  the  wall, 
decorated  with  an  allegorlbal  figure  of  Abundance. 

This  market  was  not  completely  finished  till  1820.  The 
erection  of  a  fountain  in  the  centre  is  a  part  of  the  plan 
not  yet  carried  into  execution. 

Haxlx  ao  BLi.  —  The  HaUe  au  BU,  or  eonMoai^et, 
fbrmeriy  situated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  principal  haUe$o{ 
Parts>  consisted  of  an  fareguhr  but  v^y  oKtensive  space, 
snrroimded  by  houses.  There  was  also  another  halU  or 
muirch4  au  bU^  which  from  time  immemorial  had  been 
held  hi  the  dU^  opposite  the  ehurch  of  La  Madeleine* 
This  uMrket  belonged  lo  the  kings  of  France  (  but  we  &id 
Ihat^  in  1216^  Pfadip  Augustus,  who  had  constructed  Mm 
kttUm  on  the  ground  eaUed  CAompeatio^,  ma^  H  present 
of  it  to  hb  biAler,  in  recompense  iA  his  lArrices.  A 
century  after  k  bdonged  to  a  canon  of  Notre  Baime,  awl 
in  l&9d  boeane  die  property  of  the  chapter  of  that 
church.  It  was  not  till  the  middle  'of  the  eighteenth 
century  that  the  project  was  formed  of  uniting  the  two 


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12  1IARUT8. 

markets,  and  establishing  them  in  a  quarter  of  Paris  com- 
mon to  all  the  other  markets. 

In  1765,  the  city  having  purchased  the  ground  upon 
which  had  stood  the  Hotel  de  Soissons/  then  recentljf 
pulled  down,  a  resolution  was  formed  to  erect  upon  it  a 
Halle  au  BU.  The  edifice  was  begun  in  1763,  after  the 
designs  of  M.  le  Camus  de  Mezi^res,  and  wim  finished  in 
three  years.  Formed  of  a  yasl  circular  poKico,  sur- 
rounding a  court  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in  diameter, 
it  is  the  only  building  of  the  kind  in  Paris,  and  may  serve 
to  give  an  idea  of  the  amphitheatres  of  the  ancients,  which, 
although  difiering  in  form,  presented  the  same  general  ap- 
pearance. The  immense  court  was  left  open  at  the  time  of 
its  construction,  but  the. surrounding  gallery  being  found 
insufficient  for  the  quantity  of  com  brought  to  market,  it  was 
determined  to  cover  it  with  timber,  and  MM.  Legrand  and 
Moh'nos,  architecU,  were  charged,  in  1782,  to  eaecute  the 
works,  after  the  ingenious  and  economical  system  of  Phi- 
Up  Delorme.  The  cupola  was  one  hundred  and  twenty-six 
feet  in  diameter,  being  only  thirteen  feet  leas  than  that  of 
the  Pantheon  at  Rome :  its  circumference  was  three  hun- 
dred and  seventy-seven  feet,  and  its  elevatioD,  from  the 
pavement  to  the  summit*  one  hondred  feet.  Light  was 
admitted  by  twenty-five  large  windows.  Id  1802,  the  cu- 
pola was  destroyed  by  fire,  through  the  negligence  of  a 
plumber.  To  prevent  the  recurrence  of  a  similar  acci- 
dent, it  was  rebuilt  with  ribs  of  cast  iron,  covered  with 
oapp^r.  Tlib  work  was  commenced  in  July,  1811,  b)i 
Belangcr,  and  completed  in  July  of  the  following  foar,. 
at  an  expeoie  of  838,000  francs.  The  diameter  of  the 
new  cupola  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  former,  and  light  i» 
admitted  by  a  lantern,  thirty-one  feet  in  diameter,  placed 

*«ieVol.U.,p.22l. 


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HARGHi  AUX  CHEYADX.  13 

at  the  summit.  Thug  the  Halle  au  Bl6,  constructed  en- 
tirely of  stone»  bricks»  iron,  and  copper,  is  proof  against 
danger  arbing  from  fire. 

Attached  to  the  outer. wall  is  a  column  erected  in  1672 
by  Catherine  de  M6dkis  in  the  court  of  the  Hdtel  de 
SoIss6ns»  and  is  the  sole  reli<5  of  that  ancient  building. 
It  is  of  the  Doric  order,  and  hai  an  eleration  of 
ninety-fiye  feet.  It  is  said  to  .have  been  built  for  astrolo- 
gical obsenrations,  and  contains  a  winding  staircase  orna- 
mented with  bas-reliefs  representing  trophies,  crowns^ 
the  letters  G.  and  H.  interl^ed,  broken  mirrors,  etc.,  em- 
blems of  the  widowhood  of  that  princess.  At  the  time 
of  the  demolition  of  the  Hdtel  de  Soissons,  this  column 
was  purchased  by  a  private  individual,  for  the  sum  of 
1500  francs,  to  save  it  fi*om  destruction,  and  was  after* 
wards  bought  of  him  by  the  city  of  Paris.  A  very  in- 
genious sundial  has  been  placed  on  its  shaft,  and  from 
the  pedestal  a  fountain  now  sends  forth  its  waters. 

Mabch&  ak  Chbvaux. — Upon  the  demolition  i)[  the 
Palais  des  Toumelles,*  in  1665,  the  inner  couvt  was  de- 
voted to  a  horse-market. 

It  was  on  this  spot  that  some  fatal  duels  took  place  on 
the  27th  of  April,  1678,  between  Qu61us,  Maugiron,  and 
Livarot,  favourites  of  H«nry  III.,  and  d'Entragues,  Ri- 
heme,  and  Schomberg,  favourites  fit  the  duke  of  Guise. 
Maugiron  and  Schombei^,  who  were  only  eighteen  years 
of  age,  were  killed  ilpon  the  spot;  Ribeme  died  on  the  fol- 
lowing day;  Livarot  was  confined  to  his  bed  forsixwatks; 
d'Entragues  was  slightly  wounded ;  and  Qu^us,  wjvo  had 
received  nineteen  wounds,  langpished  thirty-lfaree  days, 
and  died  in  the  king's  arms  at  the  Hdtel  de  Bgissi. 

When  the  death  of  the  duke  and  cardinal  de  Guise,  who 
were  put  to  death  at  Blois,  in  1688,  by  order  of  Henry 
•  See  Place  Royak^  p.  30. 


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iU  MAREKTS. 

III.,  was  known  at  Paris,  the  populace,  excited  by  the 
preaching  of  the  aoonka,  ran  lo  the  oburch  of  St.  Paul/ 
and  destroyed  the  monnments  erected  to  his  fiiyourites 
by  the  kfaig,  saying,  '*  thai  such  wicked  men,  who  had 
died  minions  of  the  tyrant,  and  in  the  act  of  riolating  the 
laws,  ought  not  to  have  mOnunients  in  the  ohorch."  The 
tombs  were  of  black  marble ;  they  bore  statues,  deemed 
correct  likenesses,  and  were  covered  wfth  inscriptions, 
some  of  which  were  as  follows : — 
Jacobi  de  Leri,  cbrisstmaD  Emilia  et  samnuB  rirtotis  adolescentis, 

imArntTiff. 
Quid  marroor,  wis  et  artes  sospidi  ?  Digms  fuit  boc  booore 
Queskms,  ingeoio  prastatif,  moribos  fiM:ilis,  aspecta  gratus  :  cui 
artes  erant  Tirttiiem  colore,  Deo,  patrise,  et  principi  lerrire.  Non 
in]uriani,^sedmorteni  patienter  tulit.  Grati  animi  est  hoc  moau- 
nkentam.  *  OUit  4  kal.  jonii,  amio  1578,  aeut.  24. 

Padi  de  Caussade,  comitis  Saniegrini,t 

imAPBIITM. 

Nil  Tirtuj,  nil  genus,  nil  opes,  nil  yires  possunt  His  omnibns  et 
iarore  paUens  jacet,  tictns  firaade  et  maltomm  TiHboi  t  nicaaliim 
Yis  obruBt,  qacm  nee  publions  iniimcaf  domoit,  oec  prifatns  terrait. 
Abi,  Tiator,  taoe,  et  pro  mortuo  ora.  Obiit  11  kal.  aog.,  an.  1578, 
aoUt.  sua  24.  .«...«*««__^.^ 

Frandsd  Maogeroois,  rlariwini  et  generosissimi  adolescentis, 
ipnArnuH. 
Maageroois  jk  hoc  sunt  ossa  reposta  lepolcro, 

Ooia  saniqae  decaoa  uatus,  mb  phiribus  annis. 

Alter  crat  Gides,  Annibal  alter  erat. 
Testis  eriS  tants  juTeniU  Issoria  capta 

Virtati,  testis  peiditns  boie  ocohu. 

Obiit  anno  1578, 5  kaL  inaii,  atat.  18. 

in  leOftrtbe  horSMnatket  was  removed  lo  a  spot  near 
the  boulerafd  dea  Capocbes  by  coaunand  of  Henry  IV. 

^SeaVoLL,  pagel7S. 

t  See  VoL  II.,  page  16,  where  the  assassination  of  Saint  Miigrin 
is  related. 


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HALLK  AUX  VEAUX,  ETC.  15 

By  kttert-pateot,  dated  July,  1642,  permission  was 
given  to  Fran^ob  Barajou,  one  of  the  king's  apothecaries 
and  vaku-de^ohambre,  to  establish  a  new  horse-market 
in  the  faukoiirg  Saint  Victor,  «pon  a  spot  called  la. 
FoHc  EsohalaH.  In  1760,  a  buiMing  was  erected  at 
one  of  the  ^Ltremities,  to  serre  for  the  dwelling  and  office 
of  the  inspector  of  the  maricet.  Considerable  alterations 
were  made  in  1818 ;  the  gromid  was  levelled,  and  the  trees 
replanted  on  a  more  conyen^nt  plan. 

HAJ.LB  Avx  Ybavx.  —  A  market  for  calves  in  the 
rue  Plaache  Mibrai  was  transferred  from  thence,  in  1646, 
to  the  qu^i  des  Ormes,  where  it  remained  till  177&,  when 
it  was  again  removed  to  part  of  the  garden  des  Bemar- 
dins,  its  present  site.  At  the  four  corners  of  the  area, 
which  forms  a  parallelogram,  are  paviUons  for  the  in- 
spectors of  the  market. 

MAHcHi  Sahit  JEAif,  rue  de  la  Verrerie. — The  site  of 
this  market  formed  part  of  the  property  of  Pierre  Craon, 
who  assassinated  the  constable  dlsson,  in  1891.  His 
property  wns  confiscated,  hb  bouse  demolished,  and  the 
groend  given  to  the  dhurch  of  Saint  Jean  en  Gr^ve,*  to 
enlarge  its  cemetery.  Tlie  period  when  it  was  converted 
into  a  market  is  unknown. 

Mabch£  bb  L'AppoBt. — This  is  a  small  square,  situalc 
between  the  extremity  of  ttie  rue  Saint  Denis  and  the  an- 
gle of  the  Place  da  Chdietet.  There  was  formerly  a  foun- 
tain here  called  fimtaine  du  Grand  Chdietet,  and  near  it 
a  cross,  to  which  the  ctit6  and  clei^  o(  Saint-Germain- 
f  Attxerrois  made  an  anmial  procession  on  Pfthn  Sunday. 
After  having  chaunted,  they  went  to  the  prison  and  deli- 
vered some  debtOfs. 

Gbsrieb  a  Sbu — At  a  remote  period,  there  was  near 
the  Gbfttelet  an  edifi«»  called  MaUon  dt  ta  Marchandise 
*  Sec  Vol.  I.,  page  171  • 


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16  MAEKCT8. 

de  Set,  from  which  the  rue  de  la  Saiinerie  (kriyed  its 
name.  This  establishment  was  afterwards  removed  to  the 
rue  Saiut-Germain'rAuxerroiSy  hot  the  buildings  being 
neither  suflSciently  spacious  nor  commodious,  a  lai^er 
house,  situate  in  the  same  street,  which,  from  thethirteenth 
century,  had  belonged  to  the  abbey  of  Jofenval,  was  put- 
chased  in  1698,  and  converted  into  a  granary  for  salt ; 
behind  it  were  erected  houses  ior  the  various  oiBcers 
belonging  to  the  establishment. 

EiiTaBPdT  BT  Hallbs  aux  YiNS  BT  Eiux-DB-Vu,  etc. , 
quai  Saint  Bernard.  —  The  lords  of  the  court  of  Louis 
XIII.  and  Louis  XTV.  frequently  engaged  in  commercial 
speculations.  These,  however,  seldom  originated  with 
themselves.  Upon  an  individual  devising  a  lucrative  es- 
tablishment, he  usually  made  it  known,  for  certain  pectv- 
niary  considerations,  to  some  one  of  the  king's  household, 
who  found  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  letters-patent  and 
reaping  the  benefit. 

In  1666,  two  officers  of  the  army,  named  de  Chama- 
rande  and  de  Baas,  obtained  authority  from  Louis  XTV. 
to  establish  a  halte  au  vin.  This  project  was  opposW  by 
the  managers  of  the  H&pUal  G6niral,  who,  in  1662,  gave 
their  consent,  upon  condition  that  they  should  receive 
half  the  profits.  The  halU  was  built,  and  a  chapel  dedi- 
cated to  Saint  Ambroise  was  added  to  it.  The  insuffici- 
ency of  the  building  had  long  been  felt,  when  an  imperial 
decree,  dated  March  30, 1808,  ordained  the  construction  of 
a  much  more  extensive  halle,  upon  the  site  of  the  celebrated 
abbey  ^f  Saint  Victor.*  A  company  of  wine-merchants 
urged  strong  but  unavailing  objections  to  the  situation 
proposed.  The  works  were  begun  under  the  direction  of 
Gaucher,  and  the  first  stone  was  laid  August  15,  1813. 

The  plan  of  thb  structure  embraces  five  principal  piles 
*S«©Vol.I.,  p.  228. 


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ORENIER  D$  Al^SERVE.  IT 

of  building,  two  of  which  stand  in  the  centre ;  the  others, 
which  are  not  yet  completed,  will  form  three  sides  of 
the  immense  area  ;  the  fourth  side  is  bounded  by  a  wall 
surmounted  with  iron  rails.  The  two  buildings  in  the 
centre  are  appropriated  to  the  wfaies  and  brandies  im- 
mediately for  sale ;  the  three  others  are  storehouses  of 
reserve. 

The  works,  which  were  pushed  at  first  with  great  acti- 
liij,  relaxed  during  1816  and  the  two  following  years ; 
but  they  hare  since  made  considerable  progress,  and  the 
edifice  will  shortly  be  finished. 

This  establishment  is  formed  to  contain  one  hundred 
and  seventy-five  thousand  hectolitres*  of  wine,  and  the 
expense  is  estimated  at  10,000,000  francs. 

Gabitibr  db  Rbsbrvb,  situate  upon  part  of  the  garden 
of  the  Arsenal,  f — This  immense  storehouse,  which  is  one 
thousand  and  seventy-seven  feet  in  length,  was  begun, 
after  the  designs  of  Delannoi,  in  order  to  form  a  public 
deposit  for  corn  and  flour.   The  first  stone  was  laid  Decem- 
ber 26,  1807,  by  M.  €retet,  then  minister  of  the  interior. 
A.ceording  to  the  original  plan,  it  was  to  have  been  five 
storeys  high,  exclusive  of  the  attics  in  thereof,  and  the  cel- 
lars, and  to  have  been  capable  of  containing  one  hun- 
dred thousand  quintals^  of  com.   Aqueducts  were  to  have 
been  formed  from  Ae  granary  to  the  Gare  de  C Arsenal, 
lo  obtain  water  for  working  flour-mills  and  machinery  for 
elevating  sacks  to  the  upper  stories,  and  for  the  admis- 
non  of  boats  into  the  interior  of  the  building.      Double 
staircases  were  to  have  led  to  the  upper  floors,  to  prevent 
the  contact  of  porters  ascending  with  burdens  and  those 
coomig  down.    Courts  and  drying-rooms  were  to  have  been 

*  A  hectolitre  b  about  twenty-five  gallons. 

t  For  Arsentd,  see  BibHathique  de  Monsieur^  Vol.  II.,  p.  399. 

4  A  qoiiital  is  one  hundred  pounds  weight. 

VOL.  III.  B 


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18  MARKETS. 

built  behind  the  principal  edifice,  as  well  as  booses  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  superintendants. 

This  plan  was  arrested  by  the  events  of  1814,  and  the 
structure,  which  had  then  risen  above  the  first  floor,  was 
roofed  in ;  the  timber  of  the  roof  was  taken  firom  the  scaf- 
folding of  the  triumphal  arch  de  CEtoiie.  It  now  pre- 
sents cellars,  a  ground  floor,  and  a  low  attic  formed  in 
the  root  The  cellars  are  destined  to  receive  wine  and 
oils,  and  the  ground  floor  is  reserved  for  wheat  and  flour. 
The  present  edifice  will  contain  thirty  thousand  quin- 
tals of  corn.  Its  expense  is  estimated  at  6,000,000  francs. 

GovB  Batavb. — In  1791,  a  company  of  Dutch  merchants 
purchased  a  piece  of  ground  in  the  rue  Saint  Denis,  upon 
which  formerly  stood  a  church  dedicated  to  Saint  Sepul- 
ere,  and  other  buildings.  Dpon  this  ground  they  erected 
the  structure  which  bears  the  name  of  Cour  Batave. — 
The  principal  court,  which  has  the  form  of  a  parallelo- 
gram, is  surrounded  with  porticoes,  and  a  covered  gal- 
lery, bordered  with  shops.  The  architecture  is  very  rick 
in  ornament,  and  if  the  revolution  had  not  prevented  the 
complete  execution  of  the  plan,  this  edifice  would  have 
formed  a  magnificent  monument.  From  the  centre  of  the 
fumade  rises  a  small  tower  with  a  clock,  surmooBted  by 
Mercury,  the  god  of  commerce.  In  the  second  court  was 
a  fountain,  which  has  recently  been  demolished.  There 
is  also  a  third  court,  surrounded  with  regular  buildings* 
The  whole  were  constructed  under  the  direction  of  Messrs. 
Sobre  and  Uappe. 

MABCHi  DB  l*Abbatb-Saii«t-Mabtin.  —  A  market  de- 
pendent upon  the  abbey  of  Saint  Martin,  constructed,  in 
1766,  upon  a  spot  near  that  where  the  present  one  stands, 
being  found  much  too  small,  a  new  market  was  com- 
menced ia  1818,  upon  part  of  the  garden  of  the  suppress- 
ed abbey,  and  was  finished  in  1817.     It  consists  of  two 


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VAKCni  DE  BOULAmyiLLIERS,  ETC.  19 

Miige«  of  substantial  building,  afiUyr  the  designs  of  Petit- 
Radel,  sixty^eren  yards  in  length  by  twenty-two  in 
breadth.  Their  fronts  present  arcades,  by  which  light 
and  air  are  admitted.  Between  these  two  buildings  is  a 
fountain,  erected  after  the  designs  of  Gois  junior.  It 
presents  a  shell,  from  which  the  water  falls  in  a  sheet. 
The  shell  is  supported  by  three  allegorical  figures,  in 
kronze,  representing  the  genii  of  Hunting,  Fbhing,  and 
Agriculture,  the  produce  of  which  supplies  the  market. 

Mabch£  db  Boulaintillibbs,  near  the  ru^  du  Bac,  was 
established  in  virtue  of  letters-patent,  dated  1780,  by  the 
sieur  de  Boulainvilliers,  upon  the  site  of  the  hotel  occu- 
pied by  the  first  company  of  the  Mousqusiaires  Gris  of 
the  king's  guard. 

MabchA  Saiwtb  Cathbbinb,  built  upon  the  site  of  the 
convent  of  the  canons  of  Sainte-Catherine-du-Val-des- 
^coliers.  The  first  stone  was  laid  August  20,  1788,  by 
the  sieurdX)messon,  comptroller-general  of  the  finances. 

Hallb  a  la  MabAb  was  established  in  front  of  the  old 
pillory  at  the  halles.  Letters-patent  of  August,  1784, 
ordained  the  transfer  of  this  market  to  the  site  of  the  Caur 
da  Miracles,  near  the  Petits  Carreaux.  It  was  built  after 
the  desi^s  of  Dumas. 

MabchA  d^Agvbssbau,  near  the  church  dc  la  Madeleine. 
—Joseph  Antoine  d'Aguesseau,  honorary  cottfet/fer  of  the 
Parlemeta,  established  a  market,  in  1728,  near  his  hotel, 
roe  d'Aguesseau,  which,  in  174i,  was  transferred  to  the 
place  it  at  present  occupies. 

Hallb  auxDbaps  bt  Toilbs,  rue  de  la  Poterie,  was  con- 
stracted  in  1786,  after  the  designs  of  Legrand  and  Mo- 
linos,  upon  the  site  of  a  halU  aux  Draps,  which  had 
existed  upon  the  spot  for  centuries.  It  is  divided  into 
two  parte,  of  which  one  is  destined  to  the  sab  of  linen, 


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20  MAKKETS. 

and  tke  olber  of  wooiko  cloth.     Its  loul  leogth  is  four 
hundred  feel,  and  it  recei?o«  light  by  CAy  windows. 

MjLhcmk  Avt  Gout,  situated  originally  in  the  rue  de  b 
Lingerie^  waa  transferred »  in  1784,  to  the  site  of  the  an- 
cient Hdtel  de  Bourgogoe.* 

MABCfli  Bbautbav,  faubourg  Saint  Ant«inow — This  mar- 
ket was  built  b  1770,  after  the  designs  of  Lenoir  le  Re- 
main. In  the  centre  is  a  fountain.  Its  name  is  deriTed 
frommadame  de  Beau?eau-Craon,  abbess  of  Saint  Antoine. 

Haixb  a  la  Viandb,  rue  des  Prouvaires. — Near  this  spot 
there  was  formerly  a  market  for  meat,  which  is  now  de- 
voted to  tke  sale  of  Tegetables. 

A  vast  project  was  formed  by  Bonaparte  for  uniting  all 
the  principal  halUs  of  Paris  in  a  square  of  one  hundred 
acres,  extandiag  from  the  rue  Saint  Denis,  and  taking  in 
the  Cour  Baiave  and  the  HalU  au  BU.  The  HalU  a 
la  Fiande^  which  formed  part  of  this  plan,  was  com> 
menced  in  1813,  but  the  events  of  1814  Aispended  the 
worka.  They  were  afterwards  continued  upon  a  different 
plan,  aqd  the  market  was  opened  in  1818.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  posts,  from  ftix  of  which  water  is  supplied. 

HaiXB  BT  MABCHi  A  LA  VOLAlLLB    BT   kV  GiBIBB,    COBl- 

monly  called  la  FalUe^  stands  upon  the  site  of  the  church 
and  part  of  the  doisteir  of  the  Convent  des  Grand  Augos- 
tins»f  The  first  stone  of  this  haUt  was  laid  on  September 
17,  1800.  It  is  composed  of  three  galleries  separated  by 
pillars,  between  which  ate  iron  rails.  Ita  length  is  one 
hundred  and  ninety  feet,  and  its  breadth  one  hundred  and 
fortj'Hine.  The  front  towards  the  quay  presenta  eleven 
arcades ;  that  towards  the  me  des  Grand  Augu^ns  has 
twelve. 

In  1496,  the  Seine  rose  so  high  as  to  inundate  all  tbo 

•  ^Sec  Vol.  n.,  page  «92.  f  ^^  Vol.  I.,  page  267. 


~L 


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]|*RC»E  ftES  CARMES,  ETC.  2f 

bouses  on  this  spot,  in  memory  of  which  the  four  follow- 
ing tiiies  were  inscribed  on  one  of  the  btdldings  : — 

Mil  quatre  cent  quatre-yingt-seize 
Le  septieme  jour  de  jantier 
Sd&e  fat  icy  k  son  aite, 
Battant  le  si^e  du  pUier. 

MAiCHi  DEs  Cabmbs,  rue  des  Noyers,  established  upoir 
the  site  of  the  Gonrent  des  Cannes/  replaces  the  inconve- 
nieat  market  in  the  Place  Maubert,  to  which  it  is  adjacent. 
This  edifice  was  begun  in  1813.  under  the  dirrction  of 
Vaudoyer^  and  wias  opened  in  1819.  its  plan  resembles 
that  of  the  March6  Saint  (jermatin,f  but  it  is  less  spacious^ 
A  fountain  has  recently  been  erected  in  the  centre* 

MabchA  DBS  Jacobins  or  de  Saint  HoifOBi»  ^estabUshed 
in  1810^  upon  the  site  of  the  Convent  des  Jacobins,^  so 
celebrated  during  the  revolution.  It  is  conveniently  dis- 
posedy  and  has  two  fountains. 

Halle  aux  Vibux  Linges,  rue  du  Temple* — This  very 
spacious  market  for  old  clothes  is  formed  of  four  galle- 
ries, containing  about  eighteen  hundred  shops  or  stalls. 
It  was  begun  in  1809,  after  the  designs  of  Molittos»  and 
completed  in  1811. 

HABCHi  DBS  Blancs  Manteaux.  —  This  small  market, 
situated  on  the  site  ot  the  Convent  des  Filles-Hospitali^res- 
de-Saitti-Genrais»^  was  b^n  in  1811,  and  opened  in 
1819*  It  ctarists  of  a  strdctore  which  presents  six  ar- 
cades in  firont,  «id  a  separate  building  fbi^  butchers.  Two 
feuitains,  oraament^  with  Egyptian  %urei8,  have  been' 
erected  at  the  entrance. 

llABGsi  SAiift  Joseph,  rue  Montmartre. — This  miirieet, 

*  See  Yd.  h,  page  263.  f  See  page  9. 

$  SecYol.  I.,  page  2®.         ^  Sec  Vol.  I.,  p.  334. 


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22  BOCCUERIES. 

begun  in  1813  and  completed  in  the  following  year,  stands 
upon  the  site  of  the  chapel  of  Saint  Joseph,* 

MABCHi  Aux  Flevbs  bt  auz  Arbvstes. — This  market 
for  shrubs. and  flowers  was  established  in  1807,  upon  a 
spot  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  quai  Desaix*  It  is 
planted  with  four  rows  of  trees,  and  ornamented  with  two 
fountains. 

DiFdT  BB  Lainbs  bt  Latoie  Pubuc,  rue  de  la  Boo- 
cherie.  — This  establishment  was  created  in  iHU,  and 
placed  under  the  superintendence  of  several  members  of 
the  General  Couucil  of  Agriculture.  In  1820,  it  was  re- 
organised. The  greatest  care  is  taken  to  perfect  the 
dressing  of  wool,  and  to  promote  commerce  in  that  staple 
article. 

There  are  seTeral  other  markets  in  Paris,  not  entitled 
to  description,  namely,  a  Mareh6  aum  FruiiM^  quai  de  la 
Toumelle ;  four  MardU  aux  Fourrages,  In  the  faubourg 
Saint  Martin,  the  rue  Saint  Antoine,  the  March6  Lenoir, 
and  the  barri&re  d'Enfer ;  a  Mareh6  d$$  Herbori$ie$,  rue 
de  la  Poterie ;  and  a  March6  aux  Pammes  dc  terrc.  Place 
du  L^at. 

B0VCHERIE8. 
Near  the  Grand  CkdteUt,  on  the  north,  was  an  esta- 
blishment of  butchers,  called  la  Grande  Bouekerte,  which^ 
during  the  reign  of  Louis  VI.,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
twelfth  century,  contained  twentyHhree  stalls.  It  was 
then  the  only  one  in  Paris,  and  the  occupiers  paid  a  rent 
of  80  livres  parisis  to  the  nuns  of  Montmartre.  Louis  VIL 
gave  to  the  abbey  of  Montmartre  la  Place  de$  Peckeun, 

*  S«»Vol.I.,  p.353. 


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ABATrOIRS.  23 

Mtaaied  between  these  shambles  and  the  Gbatelct  {iiUer 
domum  camificum  tt  regis  coBteUaciwn.) 

In  1182»  the  knights-templars,  after  several  disputes  with 
the  butchers  of  Paris*  established  a  new  bouoherie  upon 
their  premises,  which,  by  agreement,  was  to  consist  of 
only  two  stalls,  each  twelve  feet  wide. 

In  1274,  Gerard,  abbot  of  Saint  Germaiih  gave  per- 
mission to  the  butchers  upon  his  estate  to  erect  sixteen 
stalls  upon  the  road  leading  firom  the  abbey  to  the  Gon^ 
vent  des  Cordeliers.  They  were  bound  to  pay  the  sum  of 
20  livres  toumoiSp  of  which  half  went  to  tha  abbot,  and 
the  other  half  to  the  prevdt  of  the  abbey* 

At  length  the  party  of  the  Armagnacs  or  of  the  Dauphin 
caused  the  Grande  Boueherie  to  be  demolished ;  and  the 
butchers,  being  thus  deprived  of  their  privileges,  esta^ 
bUshed  their  stalls  on  the  pont  Notre  Dame,  An  ordnance 
of  August,  1416,  published  in  the  name  ef  Charles  YL, 
decreed  the  establishment  of  four  boueherie^;  one  in 
the  Halle  de  Beauvais ;  the  second  at  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  the  Petit  Pont,  near  ther  Petit  ChStelet;  the 
third  near  the  Grand  ChStelet,  opposite  the  chapel  of 
Saint  Leuffiroi;  and  the  fourth  round  the  walls  of  the 
cemetery  of  Saint  Gervais* 


ABATTOIRS. 


Previous  to  the  formation  of  these  establishments  for 
the  slaughter  of  cattle,  the  butchers  were  accustomed  to 
drive  the  oxen  which  they  purchased  at  the  markets  of 
Sceaux  and  Poissy^  through  the  streets  of  Paris,  to  the 

*  From  tbe  time  of  Saint  Louis  there  existed  at  Poissy  a  market 
for  cattle,  which  Colbert  transferred  to  Sceaux,  where  he  possetMd 
an  estate.  Shortly  after  his  death  the  duke  du  Bfaine,  who  became 
proprietor  of  the  estate,  coDseuUd  to  the  re-establi^hmeot  of  tbo 


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24  ABATTOIRS. 

great  danger  of  tbe  inhabitanU.  Besides,  these  animals 
contributed  in  a  gfeat  degree  to  render  the  streets  of  tbe 
capital  more  dirtj^  while  tbe  slaughter-houses  impr^nated 
the  atmosphere  with  a  noxious  effluvia.  A  remedy  for 
these  nuisances  had  long  been  desired,  when,  in  1800, 
Napoleon  ordained  the  construction  of  fire  public  abat- 
ioirs  at  the  extremities  of  the  city,  and  the  suppression 
of  the  slaughter-houses  in  the  central  parts  of  Paris.  Of 
these  establishments,  tht*ee  are  to  the  north  of  the  city; 
vix.  the  AhaHoirs  du  Route,  de  Montmartre,  and  de  Po^ 
pincouri;  and  two  to  the  south,  Tix.  those  of  Ivry  aad  dc 
f^augirard.  Each  of  them  occupies  a  considerable  space» 
and  contains  several  courts  and  piles  of  building. 

The  Abattoir  du  RorLX,  situated  in  the  plab  de  Mou- 
ceaux»  at  the  extremity  of  the  rue  Mtromesnil,  was  built 
after  the  designs  and  under  the  direction  of  M.  Petit-Ra- 
del.  The  works  were  begun  in  1810.  The  edifice  con- 
sista  of  fourteen  p3es  of  builefing  and  seyeral  courts,  oc- 
cupying a  9fttce  two  hundred  and  twenty-two  yards  in 
length  by  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  in  breadth. 

The  Abattoib  ds  Mohtkartu  is  situated  between  the 
r«ies  Rochechouart,  de  la  Tour  d'Auvergne  and  des  Mar- 
tyrs, and  the  walls  of  Pkris.  The  architect  was  N.  Poide- 
vin,  under  whose  direction  it  was  begun  in  1810.  It  oc- 
cnpies  a  spot  three  hundred  and  eighty-nine  yards  in 

market  at  Poiisy,  which  was  authorised  by  letters-patent,  in  i70l ; 
bt  haiefiwsj  togivaty  tbatatSoeaux.  Tbe  latter  market  is  held  at 
a  dirtaoce  horn  tl^  viUa^  of  tliat  name,  and  near  the  wsstem 
^xtatpuxj  of  Bourg-hHReine. 

The  markeU  of  Sceauz  and  Poissy  supply  Pari^  with  cattle.  The 
cmss»  €ie  P&issjr,  so  famed  fer  the  litigations  to  which  it  has  giren 
birth,  payi,  in  ready  money  to  the  dealers,  the  price  of  the  cattle 
whidi  th^  stil  to  the  botchers  of  Paris  and  those  of  the  department 
of  the  Seine,  and  adnnces  to  the  butchers  the  amount  of  their  pur- 
chases, t3l  it  reaches  the  sum  granted  upon  credit  to  each  of  them, 
by  the  prefect  of  the  department. 


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ABATTOIRS.  25 

length  by  one  hundred  and  forty  in  breadth  >  and  contains 
four  bergeries  (sheep-folds) »  four  bouverits  (cattle-houses) , 
and  other  buildings. 

The  Abattoib  de  Popincourt,  near  the  rue  de  Popin- 
court,  was  also  commenced  in  1810,  under  the  direction 
of  Messrs.  Happe  and  Vautier.  It  contains  seven  berge- 
ries, seyen  bouveries,  etc. 

The  Abattoir  o'Iyry,  situate  near  the  barri^re  d'ltalie, 
was  begun  in  1810,  after  the  designs  of  M.  Lcloir.  Al- 
though less  extensive  than  the  foregoing,  it  covers  a  con- 
siderable space. 

The  Abattoir  de  Vaugirard,  near  the  place  de  Bre- 
teuil,  was  begun  ui  1811,  after  the  designs  of  M.  Gisors 
This  edifice,  like  the  others*  consists  of  several  courts  and 
piles  of  boildiDg. 

These  five  abaitoir$  being  finished  in  1818,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  16,618,000  firiiQCs,  a  police  ordinance  was  issued, 
which  fixed  the  16th  of  September  for  their  opening,  and 
prohibited  firom  that  day  cattle  being  driven  to  private 
stables  or  slaughter-houses. 

Houses  for  melting  the  tallow  and  drying  the  skins  are 
attached  to  each  of  tl|ese  establishments.  A  duty  is  paid 
upon  tho  animals  slaughieredv  in  the  following  proportion, 
vix«  an  ox,  six  francs;  a  cow,  four  firancs;  a  calf,  Iwo 
francs;  and  a  sheep,  ten  sous;  pro4ucing  annually,  in- 
cluding a  small  duty  on  tallow,  800,000  francs,  which  is 
appropriated  for  the  expense  of  keeping  up  the  buildings 
and  paying  tho  porsons  employed^ 


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CHAP.  X. 

PLACES. 

PLACE  VENDOME. 

This  Place,  called  originally  Place  des  ConquStei,  and 
afterwards  Place  de  Louis  le  Grand,  was  formed  upon 
the  site  of  an  hotel,  erected  in  1604  by  the  duchess  de 
MercoDur,  which  passed  into  the  family  of  Yendfime  upon 
the  marriage  of  Franfoise  de  Lorraine,  only  daughter 
of  the  duke  de  Mercoeur,  with  Caesar,  duke  de  Venddme, 
son  of  Henry  FV. 

At  the  suggestion  of  the  marquis  de  Lourois,  who  suc- 
ceeded Colbert  as  suriniendant  dt$  Bdtimens,  Louis  XIV. 
purchased  in  1686,  for  660,000  livres,  the  H6tel  Yen- 
ddme,  which  occupied  a  considerable  space,  with  the  de- 
sign of  forming  a  square,  to  be  surrounded  with  public 
buildings,  and,  among  others,  the  royal  library,  the  mint, 
edifices  for  the  different  academies,  and  hotels  for  ambas- 
sadors. The  woriLs  were  in  a  state  of  forwardness  when, 
in  consequence  of  the  death  of  LouTois,  the  execution  of 
the  project  was  abandoned.  Some  years  after,  the  king 
presented  to  the  city  of  Paris  the  ground  and  the  mate- 
riak  collected  upon  it,  with  power  to  sell  them,  upon 
condition  that  a  Place  upon   another  plan   should  bo 


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PLACE  V£nd6mk.  27 

formed,  and  that  the  city  should  erect  an  hotel  in  the 
fauboui^  Saint  Anioine  for  the  Momqwtairei  Noirs. 
This  property  was  ceded  for  620,000  livres,  to  the  sieur 
Masneuf,  who  erected  the  Place  as  it  now  appears.  Man- 
sard, who  furnished  the  first  plans  to  Louvois,  was  charged 
to  prepare  the  second. 

The  form  of  the  Place  Yenddme  is  octagonal,  and  the 
dimensions  four  hundred  and  fifty  feet  by  four  hundred 
and  twenty.  The  style  of  the  surrounding  buildings  is  a 
baswient  surmounted  by  Corinthian  pilasters.  Most  of 
the  houses  were  built  by  the  fermwrs  giniraux. 

Thb  Place  was  formerly  adorned  by  a  fine  equestrian 
statue,  in  bronze,  of  Loms  XIY.,  winch  was  cast  near  the 
conrent  of  the  Capucines,  at  the  extrefmity  of  the  rue 
Neuve-des-Petits-Ghamps.  The  statue  and  horse  were 
toget|^  twenty-two  feet  in  height,  and  the  other  dimen- 
sions in  proportion.  The  entire  group  was  cast  at  once, 
and  was  the  largest  work  of  the  kind  oyer  attempted  in 
Europe.  Eighty  thousand  pounds  weight  of  metal,  of 
which  seventy  thousand  pounds  were  employed,  were 
melted  in  a  furnace  constructed  for  the  purpose.  The 
total  expense  was  750,000  tivres.  The  king  was  repre« 
sented  in  an  antique  costume,  without  saddle  or  stirrups. 
The  designs  were  by  Girardon,  whom  the  work  occupied 
for  the  space  of  seven  years.  It  was  cast  in  December, 
16%,  by  Jean  Balthazar  Keller,  a  native  of  Zurich,  in 
Switzerland.  On  the  marble  pedestal,  which  was  thirty 
ftet  high,  was  the  following  inscription,  composed  by  the 
Royal  Acad^ny  of  Inscriptions. 

LuDonco  BfiONo 

Dechno  quarto 

Francomm  et  NavarrsB 

Hegi  ckristianissimo, 

Yictori  perpetao,  rdigionis  vindid,  josto,  pio,  felici,  patri  patriae, 


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28  PLACES. 

erga  urbem  tnunificoitissiroo,  quam  arcubtis,  fontibus,  plateis,  ponte 
lapideo,  Tallo  anpUisuno  uWibos  consilOt  decoravit,  inmnneris 
beneficiii  cvmulaTit;  quo  imperanle  wctiri  Turiatut,  nenu- 
neia  limemiis.  Statuam  hanc  equestrera,  quain  diuoUatam  reca- 
sayit,  «t  ciWom  amori,  omniumque  toUs  indulgens,  erigi  landem 
paaaus  est,  Ptofectos  tt  JRMle%^    acclamaale   popnlb,    UbA  po« 

suire,  it '99. 

Optimiiiii  Pnncipem  Deus  serret. 

There  were  sererftl  other  inscriptioos,  which  related  to 
the  principal  actions  in  the  life  of  Louis  XIV. 

The  period  (August,  1699)  when  this  statue  wa$  de- 
dicated was  one  of  great  scarcity  in  France,  and  the 
expense  of  its  erection  gave  rise  to  violent  murmnrs,  par- 
ticuhirly  as  the  king's  finances  were  so  reduced,  that  he 
was  constrained  to  have  recourse  to  extraordinary  mea- 
sures. A  lew  days  after  the  ceremony,  a  beggar's  waUet 
was  found  suspended  fiN>m  the  shoulder  of  the  monirch.' 

In  1730,  the  pedestal  was  ornamented  with  trophies, 
etc.  of  bronze  gUt,  and  surrounded  with  palisades.  On 
the  10th  of  August,  1792,  it  was  demolished. 

In  the  centre  of  the  Place  Venddme  stands  the  famous 
triumphal  pillar  which  Bonaparte  erected  to  commemo- 
rate the  success  of  his  arms  in  Germanj,  in  the  cam- 
paign of  1806.  It  rests  upon  the  foundation  of  the  statue 
of  Louis  XIV.,  built  upon  piles  at  the  depth  of  thirty  feet 
below  the  sui^ioe  of  the  ground.  Its  total  elevation  b  one 
hundred  and  thirty-five  feet,  and  the  diameter  of  the  shaft 
is  twelve  feet.  It  ts  in  imitation  of  the  pillar  of  Trajan 
at  Borne,  and  i^  built  of  stone,  covered  with  bas-relieft, 
(representing  the  various  victories  of  the  French  army), 
composed  of  twelve  hundred  pieces  of  cannon  taken  from 
the  Russian  and  Austrian  armies  The  broue  employed 
in  this  monument  was  about  three  hundred  and  sixty 
thousand  pounds  weight.  The  colunft  is  of  the  Doric  order. 
The  bas-reliefs  of  the   pedestal  represent  the   aniforms 


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PLACE  yendAme.  29 

and  weapons  of  the  conquered  legions.  Above  the  pe- 
destal are  festoons  of  oak>  supported  at  the  four  angles 
by  eagles,  in  bronze,  each  weighing  fire  hundred  pounds. 
The  bas-reliefs  of  the  shaft  pursue  a  spiral  direction 
from  the  base  to  the  capital,  and  display  in  chronological 
order  the  principal  actions  of  the  campaign,  from  the 
departure  of  the  troops  (Tom  Boulogne  to  the  battle  of 
Austerlitz.  The  figures  are  three  feet  high ;  their  number 
is  said  to  be  two  thousand,  and  the  length  of  the  spiral 
band  eight  hundred  and  forty  feet.  Abore  the  capital  is 
.a  gallery,  which  is  approached  by  a  winding  staircase 
within,  of  one  hundred  and  soTenty-six  steps* 
Upon  the.capital  is  the  following  iascriplion :— - 

MoKvnm  klktb  ▲  la  gloirs  di  la  giande  armee 

PAR  NAPOLfeON  LE  GRAND, 

Commence  le  XXV  aodt  1806,  terming  le  XV   aoAt  1810, 

9am  la  direction 

dc  D.  V.  DsifOH^ 

M.  M.  J.-B.  LipiiaE  et  L.  GoHDonr,  arcbitectes. 

Over  the  door  leading  to  the  staircase  is  a  bas-relief, 
representing  two  figures  of  Fame  supporting  a  tablet, 
upon  which  is  the  following  inscription,  no  longer  visible, 
it  having  been  covered  with  a  bronze  plate : — 

'     NiAPouo.  Inp.  Am* 

MoKUMBirTUN  BXUJ  OBAMAMia. 

Akno  m.d.ggcv. 

TamiSTAI.   SPATIA.   DUCTU.'  SUO  PEOruGATl. 

IS.  .BtE.  ci^rd. 

GIOUJB.   IXXlp^TtlS.  MA^Ulll.  OIGAm. 

The  capital  of  the  column  is  surmounted  by  an  aero- 
terium,  upon  which  formerly  stood  the  statue  of  Napoleon, 
measuring  eleven  feetin  height,  and  weighing  five  thousand 
one  hundred  and  twelve  pounds.     The  white  flag  now 


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30  PLACES. 

wares  upon  iU  summit.    The  platform  upon  which  it  rests 
is  of  white  marble  sHrroanded  with  palisades. 

The  total  expense  of  this  sumptuous  monument  was 
1,600,000  liTres. 

Two  of  the  hotels  in  the  Place  Venddme,  belonging  to 
(armers  of  the  king's  revenue,  were  seized  in  1717,  and 
formed  into  a  residence  for  the  chancellor  of  France. 

The  approach  to  this  fine  Place  down  to  the  period  of 
the  revolution,  when  two  new  streets  leading  into  it  were 
opened,  one  on  the  site  of  the  Convent  des  Gapucines,  the 
other  on  that  des  Feuillans,  was  very  defective. 

Until  1776,  the  fiur  of  Saii^te  Ovide  was  held  in  the 
Place  Vendftme.  Booths  were  constructed  in  the  area, 
and,  during  the  continuance  of  the  fair,  which  lasted  a 
month,  the  spectacles  of  the  boulevards  were  exhibited 
there. 


PLACE  ROYALE. 

This  Place  was  formed  upon  part  of  the  site  of  the  cele- 
brated Pmhis  de$  TourmUes,  which  Catherine  de  M^dicas 
ordered  to  be  demolished  in  1666,  on  account  of  the  fiital 
accident  in  it,  which  caused  the  death  of  her  consort, 
Henry  II.  The  inner  court  was  then  converted  into  a 
horse-market,  and  continued  to  be  devoted  to  this  object 
till  1604,  when  Henry  IV.  began  the  construction  of  the 
buildings  which  form  the  Place  Royalc  These  buildings 
are  uniform,  with  very  lofty  roofc,  covered  with  slate.  They 
were  completed  m  1612,  and  the  same  year  the  Place 
was  the  theatre  of  a  magnificent  tournament  given  by 
Marie  de  M6dicis. 

This  Place,  surrounded  with  thirty-five  pavilions,  is  a 
square  of  four  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet  On  the  ground- 


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PLACE  ROTILE.  31 

floor  are  piazzas  open  to  the  public.  In  16S9,  cardinal 
Richelieu  caused  an  equestrian  statue  of  Louis  XIIL  to 
he  erected  in  the  centre. 

The  PalaU  des  ToumeUea  was  originally  an  hotel,  buih 
in  1300,  by  Pierre  d'Oi^emont,  ehancellor  of  France* 
L6on  de  Lusignan,  king  of  Armenia,  occupied  it,  and  died 
there  in  1808.  Pierre  d'Oi^emont,  bishop  of  Paris,  son 
of  the  chancellor,  sold  it  in  1&02  for  the  sum  of  14,000 
ieu8  (far,  to  the  duke  of  Berry,  brother  of  Charles  Y., 
who  ceded  it,  in  1&0&,  to  the  duke  of  Orleans,  and  in 
1&17  it  became  the  property  of  the  king.  This  hotel  was 
occupied  by  Charles  VL  during  his  derangement;  and  after^ 
wards  by  the  duke  of  Bedford,  regent  of  France,  who  dwelt 
there  till  1&36.  The  latter  enlai^d  and  embellished  it 
so  considerably,  that  Charles  YII.  and  his  successors  pre- 
ferred it  to  the  Hdtel  de  Saint  Paul,  which  was  oppc^ite. 
The  inclosure  of  the  Palais  des  Toumelles,  with  the  paric 
and  gardens,  extended  from  the  rue  des  £gouts  as  far  as 
the  porte  Saint  Antoine,  and  contained  all  the  ground 
upon  which  have  since  been  opened  the  rue  des  Tour- 
nelles,  the  rue  de  Jean  Beausire,  the  me  des  Blinimes, 
the  rue  du  Foin,  the  rue  Saint  Gilles,  the  rue  Saint  Pierre, 
the  rue  des  Douse  Portes,  and  the  rue  Saint  Louis,  as  far 
as  the  rue  Sainte  Anastase. 

The  name  of  Toumelles  was  derived  from  the  great 
number  of  towers  or  turrets  with  which  the  palace  was 
flanked.  It  contained  a  long  gallery,  which  led  to  the  king's 
chamber;  several  other  galleries,  and  three  spacious  halls, 
viz.  lasaUedes  ^cassais,  lasalle  de  brique,  and  la  salle  pa- 
vie.  The  buildings  were  surrounded  with  extensive  gar- 
dens. Part  of  the  Palais  des  Toumelles,  which  bore  the 
special  name  of  Hdtel  du  Roi,  was  adorned  with  paintings 
and  sculpture;  and  over  the  entrance  was  a  shield,  bear- 
ing the  arms  of  France,  painted  by  Jean  de  BouUogne. 


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'32  PLACES. 

Louis  XIL,  sarnamed  U  Pitt  du  PeupUt  died  on  ihe 
Isi  of  January,  1615,  at  ihe  Hotel  de«  Tournelles. 

In  the  year  1893,  a  masquerade  was  given  in  this  pa- 
lace, at  whieh  Charles  VI.  represented  a  savage.  The 
duke  of  Orleans  holding  a  flambeau  too  near  the  king, 
set  fire  to  his  dress,  and  but  for  the  presence  of  mind  of 
the  duchws  of  Berry,  he  would  hare  been  burnt  to  death. 
According  to  Dulaure,  four  lords  in  waiting  perished  in 
endeayouriBg  to  extinguish  the  flames. 

At  a  tournament  held  in  the  Palais  dc$  TounuUes  in 
1669,  in  honour  of  the  marriage  of  Eiiiabeth,  daughter  of 
Henry  U.,  with  Philip  II.  of  Spain,  the  count  de  Montgo- 
mery broke  a  lance  against  Henry's  helmet,  and  the  king 
receired  a  woimd  in  the  eye,  which  he  surfived  only 
eleven  days. 

In  the  remains  of  this  palace  Henry  IV.  established  the 
first  manufactory  of  gold  and  silver  stufis  ever  known  in 
Paris.  ^ 

HdTEL  BB  Saiht  Paul. — This  royal  residence  occupied 
a  vast  space,  extending  firom  the  rue  Saint  Antoine  to 
the  hanks  of  the  Seme,  and  from  the  rue  Saint  Paul  to 
the  moats  of  the  Arsenal  and  the  Bastile.  Charles*  dau- 
phin, regent  of  the  kingdom  during  the  captivity  in  Eng- 
land of  king  John,  his  father,  purchased  of  different  indi- 
viduals, between  1860  and  150S,  several  hotek  and  gar- 
dens, of  which  he  formed  one  residence,  afterwards  called 
the  Hdiel  de  Saint  Paul^  on  account  of  its  vicinity  to  the 
church  of  that  name.  Charles  V.,  in  136&,  declared  it  to 
be  united  to  the  domains  of  the  crown.  In  the  preamble 
of  the  edict  we  read: — '*  Comidirantquenostrehoticldc 
Pari$,  riumieldeSaimPaul,  UquU  nous  avon$  aeheU  a 
fuii  idifier  de  nm  proprei  denisrs,  est  Fhostel  solemnel 
des  grands  esbatemens,  et  auquel  hata  avans  eu  plusieurs 
plaisir$/^  etc.     The  same  monarch  added  to  the  Udtel  de 


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PLACE  ROTAIE.  33 

Sainl  Paul  those  of  the  archbishop  of  Sens  and  the  ahh6 
de  Saint  Maur,  and  the  HStel  du  Puteymuce.  The  hotel 
of  the  ahb6  de  Saint  Maur  he  destined  for  his  son  Charles 
and  other  princes  of  his  family.  Moreover^  the  king 
erected  in  this  ample  space  the  Hdiel  de  la  Heine,  and 
the  buildings  called  Beauireillis,  dts  Lions ^  de  la  Pissotte, 
etc.  These  several  mansions,  surrounded  by  an  inclo- 
sure,  were  all  designated  the  Hdtel  de  Saint  PauL  They 
presented  an  irregular  deformed  mass,  and  w€re  flanked 
with  towers  like  the  Palais  des  Toumelles. 

The  following  notices  of  the  interior  of  this  palace  will 
conyey  some  idea  of  the  customs  of  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury, as  well  as  of  the  state  of  the  arts  at  that  period. 

Charles  Y.  occupied  the  hotel  of  the  archbishop  of  Sens. 
His  apartments  consisted  of  one  or  two  saloons,  an  anti- 
chamber,  a  state-chamber,  a  bed-chamber  called  la  ehatnbre 
oiigitU  roi,  a  dressing-room  and  the  chambre  des  nappes. 
Besides  these  there  were  two  chapels,  haute  et  basse,  two 
galleries,  the  grande  chambre  du  retrait,  the  ehatnbre  de 
Festude,  the  chambre  des  estuves,  and  one  or  two  rooms 
called  ehauffe-doux,  on  account  of  atoyes  which  warmed 
them  in  winter. 

There  was  also  a  garden,  a  park,  lists,  an  ayiary,  and  a 
menagerie  in  which  were  lions  and  wild  boars. 

The  garden  was  planted  with  vines  and  firuit-trees ;  laven- 
der, rosemary,  and  vegetables  abounded  in  it.  The  courts 
were  flanked  with  pigeon-houses,  and  filled  vnth  poultry, 
which  the  king's  farmers  were  obliged  to  send  him.  The 
beams  of  the  principal  apartments  were  enriched  with 
fleurs-de^fys  of  gilt  tin.  At  all  the  windows  were  bars  of 
iron  vrith  wirework,  to  prevent  the  pigeons  from  entering 
the  rooms ;  and  the  glass,  painted  in  various  colours,  and 
oiriched  with  armorial  bearings,  devices,  and  figures  of 
saints,  resembled  the  windows  of  a  church.  The  seats  con<> 

VOL.    III.  G 


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34  PLACES. 

sifted  of  ftook,  forms,  and  benches ;  bul  the  king  had 
•mi-chairs,  lined  with  red  leather,  and  adorned  with  silk 
firinge.  ^ 

Charles  Y.  dined  about  eleven,  and  supped  at  serea, 
and  the  whole  court  was  generally  in  bed  by  nine  in 
winter  and  ten  in  tummer.  ''  La  rtine^  dmraM  U  repag*^ 
says  Christine  de  Pisan,  **  par  ancicnne  ei  rmsannakle 
eoiiufnct  pour  okvier  it  vagues  paroUs  a  pen$6€St  avoii  tm 
fmid^h4mmMauboui(Utatable^quimH$ee$$tdi$oitgeUe$ 
el  maurs  d^aucun  bon  tripas$6/* 

During  this  reign  it  was  customary  to  wear  coats  of  arms 
on  the  dress :  on  the  right  arm  ladies  wore  the  shields  oC 
their  husbands,  and  on  the  left  their  own.  This  fiishioD 
lasted  nearly  a  century. 

The  Hdtel  de  Saint  Maur,  called  ajso  Bdiel  de  la  Tm- 
eitrgeric,  was  occupied  by  Charles  the  dauphin,  and  Louis 
duke  of  Orleans.  The  apartments  were  as  numerous  aa 
those  of  the  king  in  the  Hdtel  de  Sens.  One  of  the  rooms 
was  called  U  reiraUt  ok  dit$e$  keare$  mamsieur  LowU  de 
Franec  The5a(la<<0jfa<Ae6nimwassocalledbecausethe 
adventures  of  that  heroine  were  panned  upon  the  wall;  and 
the  Salle  de  Thiseus  exhibited  in  pabting  the  eqiloits  6i 
the  Grecian  hero.  There  were  only  two  rooms  wainscoted, 
one  of  which  was  called  la  okambre  verte. 

Each  hotel  had  iU  chapel.  Charles  V.  preCorred  hear- 
ing mass  in  the  chapel  of  the  HAtel  de  Puteymooe,  where 
the  senrioe  was  generally  enlivened-  by  the  sonnd  of  the 
organ. 

In  this  confused  assemblage  of  buildings  were  sereral 
courts.  The  cMcrdsfjmOtfs  was  the  largest.  The  names 
of  several  others  were,  the  court  des  eiiatnai,  de  la  pdtie- 
eaie,  de$  $aueerie$,  de$  eelUers,  des  colembiers,  dee  geUr 
ms^ftti,  dtt  /bur,  da  garde  manger,  de  la  eave  au  vm.  dee 
maieoeu  du  roi,  de  la  bouUillerie;  the  court  ok  ee  fairt- 


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PLACE  ROY  ALE.  35 

fimk  Chjpocras,  the  courts  d6  lapaneierie,  dc  la  tapU- 
serte,  etc.  The  chimneys,  of  an  extraordinary  size,  were 
eren  found  in  the  chapels ;  ihey  also  contained  sUmhos 
cafled  ehamff&Hhmt. 

In  1867,  four  pair  of  dogs  (eAmM),  of  wrought  iron, 
were  ordered  for  the  palace ;  the  lightest  pair  weighed 
fNTty-two  pounds,  and  the  heaviest  one  hondred  and 
ninety-eight. 

Charles  Y.  had  three  habitations  in  Paris,  the  Patau, 
the  Lonrre,  and  the  Hfttel  de  Saint  Pauf;  and  in  the  en^ 
▼irons,  the  Ch&teau  de  Vincennes  and  the  Ghiteau  dc 
Beaut6,  where  be  died.  When  ^  emperor  Charles  Yf. 
visited  Paris  in  1378,  Charles  Y.  entertained  hnn  at  the 
Palais,  and  afterwards  at  the  Louvre.  He  dined  with  the 
queea  at  the  Hdtel  de  Saint  Paul,  and  departed  thence 
fw  Yincennes,  on  his  return  to  Germany. 

At  a  later  period,  the  Hdtel  de  Saint  Paul,  where  the 
air  was  unwholesome  from  its  proximity  to  a  sewer  and 
the  city  ditches,  was  abasidoBed  by  the  kings  of  France^ 
who  preferred  residing  at  the  Hdtel  des  Tourneiies.  Urns 
deserted,  it  was  falHng  into  ruin,  when  Francis  I.,  in  1516, 
sold  part  of  it  to  Jacques  de  Genouillac,  grand  master  of 
the  artillery,  to  he  added  to  the  arsenal.  This  first  aliena- 
tion was  followed  by  others,  and  att  the  parts  of  the  hold 
were  successively  sold.  In  the  seventeenth  century  sUwets 
were  formed  on  their  site,  the  names  of  which  indicate  the 
^uation  of  the  establishments  of  this  royal  hotel.  The 
me  de  Beautreillis  derives  its  name  from  a  fine  trellis  upon 
the  spot  where  it  is  opened ;  that  de  la  Cerisaie  shews  the 
situation  of  a  row  of  cherry-trees ;  and  the  rue  des  Lions 
indicates  the  situation  of  the  menagerie.  The  spot  occu- 
pied by  the  H6tel  de  Poteymuee  is  nawrked  by  a  street  of 
that  name,  corrupted  into  Petitr-Nusc. 

Equestuaiv  Stattb  of  Louis  XIII. — This  statue  w^s 

c2 


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36  FLACKS. 

dedicated  on  the  27tb  of  September,  1608,  with  Ihe 
pomp  usual  upon  sacb  occasions.  It  was  formed  of 
bronze,  with  a  pedesul  of  white  mariile.  The  horse, 
which  was  the  work  of  Daniel  Volterre,  a  pupil  of  Mi- 
chael Angelo,  was  considered  by  artiali  a  masterpiece  of 
beauty.  Volterre  died  before  the  statue  was  finished,  and 
Biard  was  charged  to  execute  the  figure  of  the  monarch, 
which,  unfortunately,  bore  no  proportion  to  the  horse, 
being  much  too  large.  The  king  was  represented  holding 
a  truncheon.  This  symbol  of  command,  bowcYer,  fell 
ftom  the  hand,  which  was  left  raised,  but  at  what  period 
or  by  what  means  is  not  known.  Upon  the  pedestal  were 
the  following  inscriptions : — 

m  FRONT. 

Poor  b  gloriecMe  etiinmortelle  m^moire  da  tr^s-^ruid  et  tr^iufia» 
cible  Louis  li  Justi,  XID.  du  nom,  roy  de  France  et  de  Naranre : 
Aamaho,  cardinal  et  due  de  Richelieu,  ion  principal  ministre  dans  loos 
ses  illustres  et  heureuz  desseins,  corobli  dlionneurs  et  de  bienlaits 
par  un  si  bon  maistre  et  un  si  g^n^euz  monarque,  luy  a  fait  ^lerer 
cette  sUtue,  pour  one  marcpie  ^temeUe  de  ton  zde,  de  sa  fid^t^  el 
desa  reconnoisMDcey  1639. 

BEHIND. 

LuooTico  Xm  christianissimo  Galtiae  et  Navarrae  regi,  Justo,  pio, 
foeliciy  Ticteri,  triumphatori,  semper  augusto,  AtiUKDVS  cardinalis 
dux  RiCBiUDS,  prsBcipuorum  regni  onenim  adjutor  et  administer,  do- 
mino opUm^  merito,  priocipiqae  munificentissimo,  6dei  sue  devo- 
tionb,  et  ob  innumera  bendBcia,  immensosque  bonores  sibi  collalos, 
perenn^  grati  aniroi  monumentum^  banc  statuam  equestrem  ponco* 
dam  cnraTit.  anno  Domini  1639. 

On  the  side  towards  the  city : — 

POUR  LOUIS  LE  JUSTE,  sohkit: 
Que  ne  peut  la  Tertu  ?  que  ne  pent  le  courage? 
JTai  dompt^  pour  jamais  Thdr^ie  en  son  fort ; 
Du  Tage  impMeux  j'ai  (ait  trembler  le  boid, 
£t  du  Rbin  jusqu'i  I'^re  accni  mon  heritage. 

J'ai  sanr^  par  mon  bras  F Europe  d'eadaTi^ ; 
£a,  si  tant  de  tranux  n'eunent  hait^  mon  sort, 


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PLACE  DKS  TICTOinKS.  37 

TeoMse  atuqu^  TAsie ;  et,  d*uii  pieux  effort, 
Jensse  du  Saint-Tombeau  yeng^  le  long  serrage. 

Abmamd,  le  grand  Aiiuhd,  TAme  de  mes  exploits. 
Porta  de  toutes  parts  mes  armes  et  mes  lois, 
£t  donna  tout  T^dat  aux  rayons  de  ma  gloire ; 
Enfin  il  m^deva  ce  pompeox  monument : 
Oil,  pour  rendre  k  son  nom  m6noire  powr  mtooire, 
Je  yeux  qu^arec  le  mien  il  Tire  incessaroment. 

On  the  side  towards  the  faubourg  Saiut  Antoine  :— * 

Quod  Bellator  hydros  pacem  spirare,  rebelles, 

Deplumes  trepidare  aquilas,  mitescere  pardosy 

Et  depressa  jugo  submittere  coUa  leones, 

Despectat  Lvdoicus,  equo  sublimis  aheno ; 

Non  digiti,  non  artifices,  fecSre  camini, 

Sed  Tirtus  et  plena  Deo  fortuna  peregit. 

AjuIAiious  Tind^  fidd,  padsque  sequester^  ^ 

Augnstnm  curayit  opus;  populisque  yerendam 

Regali  yoluit  statuam  consui^ere  circo ; 

Ut  pott  ciyilis  depnlsa  pericula  belli, 

Et  drcum  domitos  armis  felicibus  bostes, 

JEtemum  dominft  Lodoicus  in  urbe  triumphet. 

This  statue  was  destroyed  in  September,  1792,  and  the 
Place  afterwards  took  the  name  of  Place  des  Fosges.  In 
tbo  centre  a  beautiful  fountain  was  constructed,  consisting 
of  an  octagonal  basin,  into  which  the  water,  after  playing 
to  a  considerable  height,  fell  in  the  form  of  a  wheat-sheaL 
^ce  the  restoration  the  fountain  has  been  destroyed,  and 
a  new  statue  of  Louis  XIII-  is  now  erecting  upon  its  site«^ 


PLACE  DES  VICTOIRES. 

This  Place  was  formed  in  1685,  by  order  of  marshal 
Francois  d'Aubusson,  duke  de  Lafeuillade,  who,  out  of 
gratitude  to  Louis  XIV.,  determined  to  raise  a  statue  in 
its  centre  in  honour  of  his  royal  master.  The  city  of 
Paris  concurred  in  the  purchase  of  the  houses  and  gar- 
^s  which  previously  occupied  the  site,  and  its  construe^ 


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38  PLACES. 

tion  was  commenood  by  the  architect  Pr^dot,  after  the 
designs  of  Jules  Francois  Mansard. 

Its  form  is  the  segment  of  a  circle^  whose  diameter  is 
two  hundred  and  forty  feel.  The  style  of  architecture  of 
the  surrounding  houses  is  uniform,  consisting  of  a  range 
of  Ionic  piUstor^,  resting  upon  a  basement  of  arcades. 
In  the  centre  of  this  Place  was  erected  a  pedestrian  statue, 
in  gilt  lead,  of  Lonis  XIV.  It  stood  upon  a  pedestal  of  white 
veined  marble,  twenty-two  feet  in  height.  The  king  was 
represented  in  his  coronation  robes,  which  were  presenred 
in  the  treasury  of  Saint  Denis.  At  his  feet,  Cerberus 
crouched ;  and  behind  him,  upon  a  globe,  stood  Victory, 
who  with  one  hand  placed  a  crown  of  laurel  upon  his 
.  head,  and  in  the  other  held  a  bundle  of  palm  and  oUto 
branches.  The  entire  group  was  thirteen  feet  high ;  and 
with  the  globe,  theHercules'  club,  the  lion's  skin,  the  hel- 
met and  buckler,  which  formed  its  ornaments  and  acces- 
sories, was  formed  at  a  single  cast  of  thirty  thousand 
pounds  weight  of  metai. 

At  the  angles  of  the  pedestal  were  four  figorea  in  bronsep 
twelve  feet  in  height,  representing  sUves,  in  difforent  al- 
titudes and  costumes,  surrounded  by  arms  and  ▼arious 
symbols.  According  to  some,  they  represented  the  nationt 
which  Louis  XIV.  enslared;  according  to  others,  ibej 
were  allegorical  of  the  power  of  the  monarch  and  the 
success  of  his  arms. 

The  pedestal  was  adorned  with  bas-reliefs  in  bronxe  by 
Desjardins,  and  represented — 1.  The  precedence  of  France 
Inrer  Spain,  admitted  by  the  latter  b  1602 ;  %  The  con- 
quest of  Fraqche  Comt6  in  16d8;  8.  The  passage  of  the 
Bhiaein  1672 ;  4.  The  peace  of  Nimegiien  ki  1678. 

The  base  was  ornamented  on  two  si4e«  with  baa-re- 
liefii  m  cartouches,  encircled  with  foliage,  <me  of  wbick 
represented  the  destruction   of  heresy,   the  other  the 


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PLACE  DBS  VICTOIRES.  39 

abolition  of  doelKng.  Eight  consoles  of  bronze,  four  feet 
in  h^Bight,  supported  the  cornice  of  the  pedestal.  The 
arms  of  France  surrounded  by  palms  and  laurels,  and 
the  king's  device,  were  placed  on  the  four  sides  under  the 
cornices.  On  the  pedestal  were  several  inscriptions, 
and  immediately  below  the  statue  was  engraved  in  letters 
of  gold — 

ViBO  Immortali. 

The  inscriptions  were  composed  by  R^gnier  des  Marais, 
perpetual  secretary  of  the  French  Academy.  We  shall 
only  transcribe  the  following,  which  was  considered  as  the 
dedicatory  dedication  of  the  monument. 

LUDOYIGO  MAGNO,  patri  exercituum  et  duetori  semper  fdici. 
Domitis  hostibus,  prolectis  sociis,  ad)ectisiinperio  fortissimis  populis, 
exstructis  ad  tutelam  fininm  finDissiinis  ardbus,  Oceano  et  Medi- 
lernmeo  inter  se  jmictis  praedari  retitis  toto  man  piratis,  emendatis 
legibus,  deleU  calyiDianit  impietate,  compulsis  ad  reTerentiam  no- 
minis  gentibus  remotissimis,  cunctisque  summd  providentii  etvirtute 
domi  forisque  compositis. 

Frahciscus  Ticecomes  D*AuBU8Boir,  oux  di  laFeuuxaoi,  ex  Francis 
paribosy  et  tribmiis  equitum  untis,  in  Allobrogibus  prorex,  et  prsD- 
torianomm  peditmn  pnefectns,  ad  memoriam  posteritati  sempiter- 
narn,  P.  D.  G.  4686. 

The  apace  round  the  monument  to  the  distance  of  nine 
ieet  was  paved  with  marble  of  different  colours ,  and  sur- 
rounded by  an  inm  railing  six  feet  high. 

The  Place  des  Yictoires  was  likewise  adorned  with  four 
large  lanterns  of  bronse  gilt»  each  supported  by  three 
Doric  columns  disposed  in  a  triangle,  and  strmounted  by 
t  cornice  and  plinth,  which  were  lighted  every  night. 
The  columns,  thirty-four  feet  in  height,  had  capitals  and 
bases  of  white  marble.  From  the  cornice  of  each  group 
of  colunms  were  suspended  six  bas-reliefs,  encircled  with 
garlands  of  oak  and  laurel,  representing  the  most  remark* 
d>le  events  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. 


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40  PLACES. 

In  1087,  Ihe^  duke  de  Lafeoillade  ^itailed  his  princi- 
pal  estates  upon  his  son,  on  condition  that  he  should  keep 
ia  repair  the  four  lanterns  in  the  Place  des  Yictoires, 
and  that  every  twenty-fiye  years  the  principal  group  and 
the  subordinate  figures  should  be  gilt  with  the  same  care 
and  expense  as  at  first.  He  also  stipulated  in  the  same 
deed  that,  every  five  years,  on  the  fifth  of  September  (tbe 
anniversary  of  the  king's  birth-day),  a  visit  should  be  made 
to  the  Place  by  the  privdt  des  Marchands  et  ^Eehevins, 
attended  by  an  architect,  who  should  draw  up  a  report 
of  the  state  of  the  monument,  and  that  each  of  them  should 
receive  a  silver  medal,  like  thosA  distributed  on  the  day  of 
its  dedication.  On  one  side  of  the  medal  was  the  efiBgy 
of  the  king,  mth  the  legend — 

LudoTicos  Bfagoui. 

On  the  reverse  was  a  representation  of  tbe  monument 
with  these  words— 

Patri  ezerdtoum  et  ductori  semper  feHcL 
On  the  exergue-^ 

Uniu  inter  procerei  potnit  in  arcApublicI  Lntids. 
The    successors  of  the  duke   de  Lafeuillade  were  also 
bound  io  present  a  similar  medal  in  gdd  to  the  king 
every  five  years. 

The  abb^  de  Choisy  relates,  that  the  duke  entertained 
the  design  of  purchasing  a  vault  in  the  church  des  Petits 
P^res,  and  prolonging  it  under  ground  to  the  centre  of 
the  Place  des  Yictoires,  in  order  that  he  might  be  in- 
terred immediately  under  the  statue  of  Louis  XIV. 

The  lighting  of  the  hintems  in  the  Place  des  Victoira» 
was  discontinued  in  1699,  in  pursuance  of  an  order  in 
Gonncilt  and  a  few  years  after  they  were  demolished. 
This  order  was  said  to  have  originated  in  Che  following  distich 
found  one  morning  upon  the  pedestal  of  the  statue : — 


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PLAGE  DS8  TICTOIRES.  41 

Lafenilkde,  iandis,  je  crob  que  la  me  benesy 
De  fdacer  le  soUil  enlre  qiiatre  lanternes. 

A  few  days  before  the  fUe  de  ta  fidir^tum  of  July  1&, 
1790/  the  slaves  at  the  angles  were  temoTed  to  the  court  of 
the  Louyre,  firomi^ence  they  were  afterwards  transported 
to  their  present  situation,  in  front  of  the  Hdtel  des  Invalides. 
The  statue  was  destroyed  on  the  10th  of  August,  1702. 

In  1798,  upon  the  site  of  the  statue,  a  pyramid  of 
wood  covered  wilh  canvas  was  erected,  upon  which  were 
inscribed  the  rights  of  man  decreed  by  the  Convention, 
the  names  of  the  departments  of  France,  and  the  victo- 
ries gained  by  the  republican  armies.  The  Place  then 
took  the  name  of  Place  des  Fictoires  NatianaUs. 

On  the  27th  of  September,  1800,  Bonaparte,  Fifst 
Consul,  laid  the  first  stone  of  a  monument  to  be  conse- 
crated to  the  memory  of  General  Desaix  and  General 
Kl^ber,  who  died  on  the  same  day,  the  one  assassinated 
in  Egypt  after  the  battle  of  Heliopolis,  the  other  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Marengo.  The  model  of  this  monument  was 
made  in  wood  by  Chalgrin,  but  it  was  never  executed.  It 
presented  an  Egyptian  temple  containing,  upon  eippi^ 
busts  of  the  two  generals. 

At  length,  in  1806,  it  was  determined  to  erect  in  honour 
of  General  Desajx  a  colossal  naked  statue,  which  was  cast 
in  bronze  byM.  Remond,  after  the  designs  of  M.  Dejoux. 
The  pedestal,  of  white  marble,  presented  a  front  of  twelve 
feet,  and  was  adorned  at  the  angles  by  Egyptian  pilasters. 
The  statue  was  sixteen  feet  in  height,  and  contiguous  to  it 
was  a  pyramid,  upon  which  the  victories  gained  in  Egypt 
by  the  general  were  inscribed.  Previous  to  the  restoration 
it  was  removed  by  order  of  the  government. 

During  the  hundred  days,  it  was  in  contemplation  to 
place  upon  the  pedestal  a  colossal  statue  in  bronze  of 
•  SwyoUn.,p.476. 


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42  PLACES. 

the  PcupU  Frangau.  Upon  the  second  return  of  Ihe 
king  it  was  ^cided  that  a  marble  equestrian  statue  of 
Louis  XIY.  should  be  erected  b  the  Place  des  Victoires, 
and  M.  Bosio,  member  of  the  Institute,  was  charged  to 
prepare  a  model.  When  the  latter  was  nearly  completed, 
an  ordinance  of  the  king,  dated  April  Ih,  1819,  decreed 
that  the  monument  should  be  executed  in  bronze.  The 
pedestal,  fiNmed  of  five  immense  blocks  of  Carrara  marble, 
was  erected  after  the  designs  and  under  the  direction  of 
AlaToine.  This  statue,  dedicated  on  the  26th  of  Au- 
gust, 1822,  was  cast  in  three  parts,  under  the  direction  of 
M.  Garbonneaux,  after  the  model  of  M.  Bosio.  At  the 
angles  of  the  pedestal  are  trophies  of  arms  in  bronze. 
The  monarch,  in  the  habit  of  the  Roman  emperors,  and 
crowned  with  laurel,  holds  in  his  left  hand  the  bridle  of 
his  prancing  charger,  and  in  his  right  a  truncheon.  The 
pedestal  is  decorated  with  two  bas-reliefs,  representing  the 
passage  of  the  Rhine  by  Loub  XIV.,  in  1672;  and  the 
monarch,  upon  his  throne,  bestowing  military  decora- 
tions.    On  one  end  is  the  inscription — 

LvBOTiGo  Magho, 
And  on  the  other — 

LiTBOTICUS  XVIII.    AtAVO    8DO. 


PLACE  LOUIS  XV. 


It  is  diflBcult  to  conceive  how  a  spot  so  adTantageously 
situated  as  that  which  forms  this  Place  should  hare  re- 
mained so  long  neglected.  It  was,  till  the  reign  of 
Louis  XV.,  a  vast  esplanade,  or  rather  an  unoccupied, 
irregular  space  which,  lying  between  the  garden  of  the 
Tuileries  and  the  Champs  £lys^,  was  detrimental  to  the 
beauty  of  both.  About  a  century  ago  there  was  still  on 
this  spot  a  celebrated  gate,   called  Porte  de  la  Canfi- 


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pjLACf:  louis  XV.  43 

renoc^  No  traces  of  the  origin  of  the  name  are  to  be 
found.  It  is  certain,  howeyer,  that  it  was  so  called 
long  before  the  reign  of  Charles  IX. ;  that  it  received 
its  name  from  some  conference  held  near  it,  relative  to 
a  treaty*  the  nature  of  which  is  unknown ;  that  in  the 
jear  1633  it  was  rebuilt;  and  that  it  was  demolished 
in  1730.  It  was  near  this  gate  that  cardinal  Maza- 
rine ordered  his  guards  to  assemble,  when  the  puerile 
though  powerful  faction  of  cardinal  de  Retz  and  the 
duchess  de  Gh^vreuse  obliged  him  to  fly  from  Paris  : 
but  the  animosity  of  the  people,  whose  insolence; he 
feared,  having  induced  him  to  change  his  intention,  he 
disguised  himself,  and  secretly  escaped  on  horseback  by 
the  Porte  de  Bichelisup  which  no  longer  exists,  iand  slept 
in  a  bam  about  a  league  from  Paris,  **  where,"  says  his 
historian, ''  his  excellency  reposed  in  his  boots." 

EquBSTaiAN  Statujs  of  Louis  XY. — After  the  peace  of 
Aix-la-Ghapelle,  the  city  of  Paris  determined  upon  the 
erection  of  a  statue  to  Louis  XV. ,  le  Bien-Aimd.  On  the 
27th  of  June,  1748,  the  pr&vdt  des  Marchands  and  the 
Achmnns  requested  permission  of  the  king  to  rai^  a  statue 
to  him  in  whatever  quarter  of  the  capital  he  might  be 
pleased  to  appoint.  His  majesty  willingly  accc^pted  this 
testimony  of  the  attachment  of  his  people,  and  ordered 
M •  de  Tournehem,  his  architect,  to  invite  the  students  of 
the  Academy  of  the  Fine  *Arts  to  propose  such  places  in 
Paris  as  appeared  to  them  most  eligible  for  the  execu- 
tion of  the  design.  Several  other  artists  availed  themselves 
of  this  opportunity  to  give  proofs  of  their  seal  and  la* 
lents.  Emulation  to  excel  produced  several  master- 
pieces. Each  artbt  chose  the  situation  which  appeared 
to  him  the  most  commanding,  and  designs  were  produced 
for  the  embellishment  of  the  city  which  would  have  done 
honour  to  the  architects  of  antiquity.    From  the  drawings 


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M  PLACES. 

and  plans  submitted  to  the  king,  he  saw  at  a  glance  that 
several  places  selected  could  not  be  devoted  to  the  object 
proposed  without  laying  waste  the  mercantile  quarters, 
by  the  demolition  of  a  great  number  of  houses.  The 
monarch,  therefore,  presented  to  the  city  the  vacant  spot 
above  mentioned,  between  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries  and 
the  Champs  Elys6es« 

Upon  this  spot  the  Place  Louis  XV.  was  commenced  in 
176S,  after  the  designs  of  Gabriel,  but  was  not  completely 
finished  till  1772.  Its  length,  from  north  to  south,  is  seven 
hundred  and  fifty  feet,  and  from  east  to  west  five  hundred 
and  twenty-eight.  The  plan,  which  is  octagonal,  is  marked 
out  by  fosses,  surrounded  with  balustrades  and  terminated 
by  eight  pavilions  decorated  with  garlands  and  destined  to 
be  surmounted  by  allegorical  statues.  The  principal 
beauty  of  the  Place  is  derived  from  the  objects  which 
surround  it.  The  terraces  of  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries 
bound  it  on  the  east.  The  Champs  £lys6es  lie  on  the 
west.  On  the  north  are  seen  two  spacious  and  magni- 
ficent edifices  which,  divided  by  the  rue  Royale,  afford  a 
view  of  the  unfinished  church  de  la  Madeleine;  and  to 
the  south  are  the  pont  Louis  XVL  and  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies. 

The  equestrian  statue,  placed  in  the  centre,  represented 
Loub  XV.  in  the  Roman  costume,  crowned  with  laurel» 
holding  in  his  left  hand  the  bridle  of  the  horse,  and  in 
the  right  his  truncheon.  This  statue,  fourteen  feet  in 
height,  was  cast  in  a  single  piece.  The  celebrated  Bon- 
ehardon  presented  the  model,  and  M.  Gor,  commissioner 
of  the  foundry  for  the  artillery,  cast  the  statue  on  the  6th 
of  May,  1758.  Before  this  period  the  metal  was  always 
poured  in  at  the  top  of  the  mould,  a  mode  which  gen^ 
rally  rendered  the  operation  defective,  because  the  cOo- 
fined   air  prevented   the   metal  from  distributing  itself 


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PLACE  LOUIS  XT.  45 

equally  over  everj  part.  M.  Gor»  on  the  contrary,  poured 
the  metal  upwards,  and  by  this  simple  and  ingenious 
process  insured  comparative  success  in  casting  monuments 
ofalldimensi9ns. 

The  height  of  the  pedestal  was  tw^ity-one  feet.  In  the 
first  stone,  which  was  laid  by  the  privdt  de$  Marchands 
with  the  usual  ceremonies,  was  enclosed  a  cedar  box  with 
a  double  bottom,  containing  seven  medak,  one  of  gold 
and  six  of  silver.  These  medals  bore,  on  one  side,  the 
king's  eflSgy,  and  on  the  reverse  his  actions,  the  names 
of  the  municipal  officers  who  assisted  at  the  ceremony, 
and  the  date  and  year  of  the  dedication.  The  pedestal 
was  elevated  upon  two  steps  of  veined  marble.  At  the 
angles  were  four  cariatides  in  bronze,  supporting  the  ^ocle 
with  their  heads  and  hands.  These  figures  represented 
the  cardinal  virtues,  viz.  Faith,  Temperance,  Prudence, 
and  Justice.  ' 

On  the  sides  of  the  pedestal  were  bas-reliefs  in  bronze, 
seven  feet  and  a  half  in  length  by  five  in  breadth,  and  Latin 
inscriptions,  surrounded  with  laurel  branches  of  bronze 
gilt.  On  one  side  the  bas-relief  represented  the  Jung 
seated  on  a  trophy  of  arms,  giving  peace  to  Europe ;  and 
on  the  other  the  king,  crowned  by  Victory,  appeared 
seated  in  a  triumphal  car,  led  by  Fame,  in  the  presence 
of  the  people.  The  extremities  of  the  pedestal  were 
adorned  with  two  collections  of  ancient  armour,  and  the 
angles  of  the  cornice  were  ornamented  with  lions'  heads, 
holding  in  their  mouths  garlands  of  laurel  united  to  cor- 
nucopias. On  one  side  of  the  base  the  arms  of  the  king, 
and  on  the  other  those  of  the  city,  were  engraved  on  two 
bronze  plates. 

The  ornaments  were  all  designed  by  Bouchardon;  but 
the  hand  of  death  arrested  him  in  the  midst  of  bis  labours. 


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46  i'/^^'  *  PLACES. 

and  Pigal,  whonf  he  appointed  on  hb  death-bed,  com- 
pleted the  monument. 
The  inscription  on  the  side  (adng  the  Tuileries  was : 

LuDonoo  Xy 
oraHo  pincifi^ 

QUOft 

▲D  SCUDIM,  MOIllIf  aHKHUM, 

TICTOI, 

PAdM  AIMS ; 

PAGI 

ST  SUOAUM  ET  lUtOPJE 

QUfSIYIT. 

Towards  the  Champs  £lysfes : 
aoo 

PIRATU  PUILICiB 

MONUMIMTUII^ 

PUIPICTUS 

ITjMOK.Kf 

OBCAXTEmmfT^  AHBO 

M.DOC.XLTm. 

posunuMT  Ainio 

M.DOC.LXm. 

The  situation  of  the  cardinal  virtues,  groaning  beneath 
the  burthen  of  an  equestrian  statue,  was  always  r^ardcd 
as  the  worst  part  of  the  design;  and  when  Louis  XV.  be- 
came less  popular,  it  gave  rise  to  satires,  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  a  specimen : — 

OU  belle  sutue!  Olebeaapi^estal! 
Let  TOtiis  sont  k  pied,  le  rice  ett  k  cheral. 

In  the  last  year  of  the  reign  of  Loub  XV.,  when  the 
finances  of  the  state  were  in  a  ruinous /condition,  an  indi- 
▼idual  had  the  temerity  to  mount  upon  the  -statue,  and, 
after  binding  the  king's  eyes,  to  attach  a  cord  to  his 
shoulder,  from  the  extremity  of  which  was  suspended  a 
tin-box,  and  upon  his  breast  the  inscription — ^'  PToubtiez 
poi  ee  pauvre  aveugUI^ 


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PtAGB  LOCIS  XV.  47 

This  statue,  for  more  than  twenty  ^ears,  was  en- 
closed hj  a  miserable  wooden  fence,  but  in  178&,  it  was 
surrounded  by  order  of  Louis  XVI.  with  a  white  marble 
balustrade  and  pavement. 

On  the  10th  of  August,  1792,  the  L^isla^e  Assembly 
passed  a  decree  for  the  destruction  of  this  monument, 
which  was  carried  into  execution  two  days  after.  Consi- 
derable difficulty  was  found  in  forcing  it  from  the  pedestal  : 
a  foot  of  the  horse  still  remained  in  itssocket,  upon  which  a 
wit  observed,  ••  Royalty  has  ytl  cm  foot  in  the  stirrup^* 
The  pedestal  was  left  standing.         » 

FiGUBB  OF  LiBEBTT. — This  colossal  figure  in  a  sitting 
posture  was  erected  on  the  pedestal  of  the  statue  of 
Louis  XV.  It  was  the  work  of  Lemot,  and  was  com- 
posed of  masonry  and  plaster  coloured  to  imitate  bronze. 
It  remained  in  its  place  from  the  end  of  1792  to  the  20th 
of  March,  1800,  when  a  decree  of  the  consuls  ordered  that 
triumphal  columns  should  be  erected  in  all  the  depart- 
ments of  France,  and  that  a  departmental  colunm  should 
be  raised  at  Paris  in  the  PUtee  de  la  R&volution,  upon  the 
foundations  of  the  preceding  monuments.  On  the  26th 
Messidor,  an  VIII.,  Lucien  Bonaparte,  minister  of  the  inte- 
rior, laid  the  first  stone  with  great  ceremony.  The  founda- 
tions of  the  pedestal  were  opened,  and  there  was  found 
the  cedar  box  containing  the  medals,  which  had  been  de- 
posited by  the  ptAvdt  des  Marelumdi  at  the  erection  of 
the  statue  of  Louis  XV.  In  its  place  was  deposited 
a  box  of  mahogany,  with  a  double  bottom,  containing, 
in  the  first,  eight  medids,  one  of  gold,  diree  of  flflver, 
and  four  of  bronze,  representing  the  portraits  of  the  three 
consuls  and  of  general  Desaix;  and  in  the  secOTtd  a  cop* 
perflate,  on  which  was  engraved  an  account  of  the  cere- 
mony of  laying  the  first  stone.  A  vast  frame  ci  woodwork 
was  afterwards  raised,  and  covered  with  painted  cloth,  as 


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48  PUCS8. 

a  model  of  the  projected  colunm;  rotmd  its  base  all  ibe 
departments  were  represented  ^by  figures  joining  hands* 
Neither  the  column  of  P&ns,  however,  nor  those  of  the 
departments,  were  ever  constructed. 

Upon  this  occasion  the  Place  Loub  XY.  again  changed 
its  name,  and  was  called  Flacc  dc  la  Concorde. 


In  the  year  1770,  upon  the  marriage  of  the  dauphin, 
afterwards  Louis  XYI.,  with  Marie-Antoinette,  arch- 
duchess of  Austria,  the  Place  Louis  XY.  was  the  theatre 
of  great  rejoicings.  The  reception  of  this  unfortunate 
princess,  upon  her  first  arrival  in  France,  was  most  bril- 
liant. Previous  to  the  departure  of  the  archduchess  fit>m 
her  native  country,  every  preparation  had  been  nuide 
which  could  tend  to  give  her  an  exalted  idea  of  the  august 
union  which  was  about  to  mingle  the  blood  of  the  Cssars 
with  that  of  the  Bourbons.  The  f!§tes  began  at  Yienna, 
and  were  conducted  with  the  utmost  pomp  and  magnifi- 
ceace.  After  quitting  the  palace  of  Maria  Theresa,  the 
archduchess  had  scarcely  reached  Strasbourg,  vdien  her 
arrival  upon  the  French  territory  was  known  to  the  king 
at  Yersailles;  the  intelligence  having  been  conveyed  to  him 
in  less  than  two  minutes,  although  the  distance  is  one 
hundred  leagues.  This  communication,  the  rapidity  of 
which  was  until  then  unexampled,  was  efiected  by  means 
of  twenty-five  pieces  of  cannon,  placed  at  four  leagues 
irom  each  other  upon  the  road. 

Among  the  anecdotes,  to  which  this  journey  gave  rise 
was  the  following : — The  cardinal  de  Rohan,  having  pre- 
sented to  the  archduchess  a  woman  about  one  hundred 
and  five  years  of  age,  who  had  never  been  indisposed » 
the  hitter  said  to  her  in  German:  <' Princess,  I  pray 
heaven  that  yon  may  live  as  long  as  I  have,  and  as  exempt 


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PLACE  LOUIS  ^XV.  49 

from   inflmities/'  **  J§  U  BOukaiUf*  rq>lied  her  high- 
aess,  *'  $i  tfM  pour  U  banh&w  de  tm  Pranee.** 

The  princess  first  alighted  at  the  H6tel  de  rinlendance* 
where  she  received  the  homage  of  the  different  corporate 
bodies,  and  the  compliments  of  six  yonng  women,  whom 
the  city  had  portioned,  and  who  thus  addressed  her : — 

Princesse,  dont  Fesprit,  les  graces,  les  appas 

Yieimeiit  en^lHr  nos  dimala^ 

En  <:e  jour  glorieux  quel  bonheur  est  le  n6Kre1 

Nous  deroiiB  notre  hymen  k  la  splendeur  du  Tdtre. 

Le  Giel  fkit  k  F^tat  denx  faveura  k  la  fois 

Dans  cette  auguste  et  pompeuse  affiance  : 

Nous  donnerons  des  sujeti  k  la  France, 

Et  Tous  lui  donnerez  det  rois. 

In  passing  through  Rheims,  at  the  spot  where  stood  the 
statue  of  Louis  XY.  the  archduchess  exclaimed  **  Voila 
ic  B^ir  The  countess  de  Noailles,  the  lady  in  waiting, 
haying  informed  her  it  was  in  that  city  the  kings  of 
France  were  crowned,  the  princess  replied  with  the  same 
firacity,  **  UdtasI  je  souhaUe  que  de  Umg-iemps  M.  le  • 
Dauphin  nyvienne." 

The  day  of  the  celebration  of.  the  marriage  was  one  of 
onequaUed  rejoicing  in  the  capital;  all  France,  as  it 
were,  seemed  assembled  in  Paris,  and  never  was  public 
joy  displayed  with  greater  ardour.  The  shops  were-dosed, 
ttd  in  tfie  evening  a  general  illumination  took  place. 

Hie  six  companies  of  tradesmen  had  proposed  to  give  a 
ftte  ai  their  own  expense;  but  it  is  said  that  M.  de  Sar- 
line,  then  lieutenant-general  of  the  police,  advised  them  to 
employ  the  sum  destined  for  the  entertainment  in  the  li- 
beration of  the  unfortunate  persons  detained  in  prison  pipur 
ie$mal$  de  h&urrite.*    On  the  20th  of  the  same  month, 

*  Formerly  when  children  were  put  out  to  nurse,  the  parents  en- 
gigied  to  paj  a  certain  sum  monthly :  if  they  failed  in  this  engagement, 
tbey  were  arretted,  and  called  detenus  pour  des  mois  de  nourrice. 

VOL.  III.  D 


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50  PUCKS. 

these  companies,  headed  by  the  Ueutenanl-genend  of  ihe 
police,  had  ihe  honour  of  being  presented  to  the  danphb 
and  his  royal  consort,  by  the  due  de  Chevr^use,  gorer- 
nor  of  P&ris,  to  offer  a  congratulatory  address,  which  y 
couched  in  the  following  terms : — 


MoNSiiCHlOE,  let  fix  corpf  det  nuuxhands  de  Paris  f'einpntipcnt  k 
▼out  oflBrir  leurt  hommages.  Sujett  fid^let,  ilt  doirent  te  moatrcr 
encore  citoyent  utikt ;  eC  pour  c^Ubrer  dignemeDt  une  alliance  qti 
promet  de  ik  beaux  jours  k  la  nation,  ib  ont  imil^  la  Tertn  qui  dit-> 
ttngua  toujourt  let  princes  de  rotre  tang.  Det  piret  de  £umlle 
knguissaient  dans  les  fers  :  ib  soot  libres,  M onseigneur ;  ik  le  sooi 
par  Tous,  puis(pie  le  sentiment  qui  les  ddirre  est  dans  TOtre  cocor  ; 
et  par  eat  acts  dhumanittf ,  nous  ne  sommes  que  les  inteq^r^tes  de 
Totre  bienfaisance. 

Madamb,  les  marchands  de  la  capitale  apportent  k  tos  pieds  le  tn- 
but de  leurs  hommages.  Yous aUet  faire lomement  et  I^  d^lices de 
la  France  s  elle  tous  derra  le  bonheur  d*un  prince  qu*elle  di^rit. 
Quand  le  destin  ne  tous  aorait  pas  form^  pour  le  trfoe,  toos  series 
assorte  de  r^gner  sur  nous  par  Tempire  des  Teitus  et  par  cdni  des 
gr&ces. 

The  corporation,  in  their  robes,  were  presented,  two 
days  before,  by  the  grand  master  of  the  ceremonies.  M. 
Bignon,  privdt  des  Marchands,  delivered  the  address; 
after  which  the  city  offered  the  presents  customary  on  such 
occasions. 

Before  the  rejoicings  and  solenmities  were  terminated, 
the  Place  Louis  XV.  and  the  rue  Boyale  were  the  scene  of 
one  of  the  most  dreadful  calamities  that  ever  occurred  in 
Paris.  On  the  30th  of  May,  a  diq>lay  of  fireworks 
attracted  an  immense  number  of  spectators  to  this  spot. 
Unfortunately  an  opening  had  been  made  in  the  ground, 
and  the  materials  for  several  unfinished  houses  lay 
scattered  in  the  street.  When  the  exhibition  was  over, 
the  crowd  proceeded  towards  the  rue  Royale,  then  the  only 
thoroughfare  from  the  Place  on  the  north  side.  A  great 
number  of  persons  and  carriages  arriving  from  the  boide- 


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PiACE  LOVIS  XV.  51 

vard  at  the  moment,  a  dreadful  crush  took  place.  Some 
fell  into  the  opening,  others  were  driven  against  the  heapa 
of  stones,  or  trodden  under  foot  by  the  horses;  while 
several,  in  attempting,  sword  in  hand,  to  force  a  passage^ 
wounded  or  killed  all  who  came  in  their  way.  The  scene 
was  dreadful.  The  carriage-horses  were  stabbed  with 
knives,  and  to  add  to  the  confusion  and  distress  a  scaffold- 
ing gave  way.  On  the  following  day  one  hundred  and 
thirty-three  dead  bodies  were  found  upon  the  spot,  but  the 
number  who  perished  is  said  to  havie  amounted  to  three 
hundred.  As  to  the  wounded  and  maimed,  the  number 
could  never  be  ascertained.  **I  saw,*'. says  Mercier, 
''  several  persons  langmsb  nearly  three  years  in  conse- 
quence of  the  dreadful  pressuw.  One  whde  family  disap- 
peared. There  was  scaicefy  a  house  that  had  not  to  mourn 
the  loss  of  a  relation  or  friend." 

DiSTUBBAifCB  IN  THB  Placb  Louis  XV.  Jult  12th|  1789, — 
At  the  commencement  of  the  revolution,  when  it  was 
known  in  Paris  that  the  constitutional  ministry  at  Ver- 
sailles had  been  dismissed,  aiid  that  the  court  party  braved 
the  wishes  of  the  nation,  the  populace  immediately  rose. 
The  theatres  were  closed,  as  if  to  announce  that  the 
country  was  in  mourning ;  and  from  a  gallery  of  wax 
figures  were  taken  the  busts  of  the  disgraced  minister 
Necker  and  the  duke  of  Orleans,  who  enjoyed  the  popu- 
lar fiiYour  in  proportion  to  the  hatred  which  the  court  en- 
tertained for  them.  These  two  busts,  covered  with  crape, 
mite  carried  through  the  streets  from  the  boulevard  du 
Temple  to  the  Place  Venddme,  preceded  by  a  muffled 
dram,  and  escorted  by  a  multitude  constantly  increasing, 
and  the  guet-dr-cheval^  who  had  been  forced  into  this  service. 
At  the  Place  Vendftme,  whilst  the  busts  were  carrying  round 
the  statue  of  Louis  XTV. ,  a  detachment  of  royal  troops 
came  up,  who,  in  epdeavouring  [o   disperse  the  mob. 


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52  PUCES. 

woonded  several  perftons.  The  procession  contuiiie4  iu 
iMTcb  to  tbe  Place  Iiouis  XV.,  from  wfaeoce  ihe  notes 
prcqM>sed  to  repair  to  the  Tuileries.  Here  the  dragooas 
of  the  royal  army  made  a  charge  upoa  the  populace;  tht 
man  who  carried  the  hust  of  Necker  was  killed,  the  b^arv 
of  that  of  the  duke  of  Orleans  w^  dangerously  wounded, 
and  the  baUs  were  broken  to  pieces.  A  vast  number  of 
persons  in  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries  were  suddenly 
thrown  into  dreadful  alarm  upon  beholding  a  body  of  the 
populace  rushy  with  every  symptom  of  terror  in  their 
conntenances,  to  seek  an  asylum  in  the  garden,  and  a 
troop  of  cavahry  at  their  heels»  cutting  down  on  every  side, 
and  riding  over  all  who  came  in  their  way.  The  prince 
de  Lambesc,  colonel  of  ihe  royal  German  r^ment, 
being  observed,  with  his  draws  sword,  wounding  an 
old  man  whose  age  did  not  permit  him  to^  escape,  the 
cries  of  the  populace  against  him  resounded  through  the 
garden,  and  they  attempted  to  bum  his  hotel.  The 
military  force  succeeded  in  quelling  the  riot,  but  two  days 
after  the  people  flew  to  arms,  and  destroyed  the  Bastile.^ 
Death  of  Louis  XYI. — The  day  before  the,  execution 
of  this  unfortunate  monarch,  which  took  place  on  the  21st 
of  January,  1793,  every  precaution  was  taken  against 
the  possibility  of  his  being  rescued.  Saiu-^mtoiies 
chosen  from  each  division  of  Paris,  and  ruflians  arrived 
from  all  the  departments,  were  appointed  to  form  a  legion, 
in  the  midst  of  which  was  a  train  of  artillery  with  lighted 
matches.  Cannon  vrere  stationed  in  all  the  prindpal 
streets,  upon  the  bridges,  at  the  barriers,  and  oren  on  the 
high  roads  to  the  distance  of  several  leagues.  Standing 
in  groups  in  the  streets  was  forbidden  under  pain  of 
summary  execution,  and  the  people  were  commanded  not 
to  appear  at  the  vrindows  by  which  the  king  was  to  past. 
*  See  Vol.  n.,  p.  360. 


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PLACE  I.0€I8  XT.  53 

Besides  these  measures,  in  parsuance  of  a  resdotion  moved 
by  Robespierre  at  die  dub  of  the  Jacobins,  trusty  indivi- 
doals  from  eadi  section  of  Paris  were  to  form  tbemselvet 
into  a  body  and  press  round  the  scaffold.  What  precau- 
tions to  execute  a  sentence,  the  justice  of  which  had 
been  proclaimed,  and  which  waa  announced  m  the  ex- 
pression  of  the  public  will  1 

On  the  same  day  (January  20th)  L^endre  (a  butcher),, 
deputy  to  the  ConTontion,  proposed  to  the  Jacobins  to 
divide  the  king^s  body  into  eighty-four  parts,  and  send 
tbem  to  the  eighty-four  departments. 

His  Majesty  retired  to  bed  at  two  o\;lock  in  die  momi 
eujoyed  a  quiet  sleep,  rose  again  at  six,  heard  mass  and ) 
ceived  the  sacrament.  It  was  still  dari^,  the  noise  of  ti 
drums,  horses  and  cannon  spread  universal  terror  through 
the  streets,  and,  the  inhabitants  being  shut  up  in  their 
houses,  the. most  frequented  places  were  deserted,  and 
Piris  appeared  for  several  hours  like  a  vast  aolitude.  The 
Tictun  was  ordered  to  prepare  for  sacrifice  at  nine  o'clock. 
The  king  himself  announced  the  moment  i''**Je9ui$prit*'^ 
nidhe.  Hedescendedthestairsofthetowerofthe Temple, 
and  entered  a  carriage,  in  which  hb  confessor,  the  abbd 
Bdgewortb,  took  a  seat  by  his  side.  Before  him  were 
placed  two  gemtarmei,  whose  sinister  looks  clearly  indi- 
cated the  part  they  were  commanded  to  act  in  case 
•f  any  disturbance  near  the  carriage.  On  his  way  the 
king  appeared  sad,  but  not  dejected.  At  ten  o'clock  he 
arrived  at  the  Place  Louis  XY.,  then  called  Place  de  ta 
Biwlntton.  He  conversed  for  a  few  minutes  with  the 
Ahi  Edgeworth  at  the  foot  of  the  scaffold,  which  he  as- 
cended without  the  least  hesitation,  and  took  off  his  coat 
and  untied  his  cravat  himself.  With  a  firm  step  he  walked 
rapidly  towards  the  left  extremity  of  the  scaffold,  and 
looking  at  the  people,  or  rather  die  armed  force  which 


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54  FLACB6. 

filled  the  Place,  be  said  in  a  load  voice : — ''  Frm^^aU^ 
je  tneur9  Umoeenif  je  pardanne  h  tnei  enmemis  ;  je  66- 
$ire  que  ma  mart  $oii. ..."  A  rolling  of  drams  by:  order 
of  Santerre  drowned  his  voice.  The  ill-fated  monarch 
then  laid  his  head  under  the  instrument  of  death,  and 
the  fatal  blow  was  strack  at  twenty  minutes  after  tw 
o'clock*  The  body  and  the  head,  placed  in  a  wicker 
basket,  were  immediately  carried  to  the  Cemetery  de  la 
Madeleine,  thrown  into  a  grave  twelve  feet  deep,  and 
six  feet  in  length  and  breadth,  and  covered  with  quick 
lime.* 

During  the  fifteen  m<mths  of  the  reign  of  terror  a  great 
number  of  persons  perished  by  the  guillotine  upon  this 
Place.   The  following  are  some  of  the  most  remarkable : — 

Jufy  17, 1798,  Charlotte  Corday ;  Oetobet  2,  the  deputy 
Brissot  and  twenty  of  his  colleagues,  including  PMon,  Bu- 
sot,  Chambon,  Rabaut-Saint-fitienne,  etc  ;  Oefo6er  16, 
Marie-Antoinette,  consort  of  Louis  XYL;  November  14, 
Louis-Philippe-Joseph,  duke  of  (Means ;  Marek  26, 17M, 
the  faction  called  theHebertists,  Maratists,  and  Orieanists, 
to  the  number  of  nineteen,  including  Hubert ;  Aftril  8,  the 
faction  called  the  Dantonists,  including  Danton,  Camille- 
Desmoulins,  H^raut  de  Sechelles,  Fabre  d'Eglantine,  etc ; 
April  16,  the  (action  called  the  Atheists,  composed  of 
bishop  Gobel,  Chaumette  {procureur  of  the  commune), 
Anacharsis-Cloots  (deputy),  the  wife  of  CamiDe-Dea- 
moulins,  of  Hubert,  etc  ;  May  12,  Elixabeth-Philippio^ 
Marie-Helene  of  France,  sister  of  Louis  XVI. ;  Jufy  28. 
Robespierre  and  his  brother,  Dumar  Mayor  of  Paris 
and  c<anmander  of  the  national  guards.  Saint  Just  and 
Couthon,  all  members  of  the  Committee  of  Public  Safely, 

*  Stc  Cemeti^  de  la  MedeUine. 


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PLACS  LOUIS  XT.  56 

and  sereral  oUiers;  July  29,  seventy  members  of  the 
Commune  of  Pans;  July  80,  tweWe  other  members  of 
the  ConmiQne. 

In  this  immense  area  the  Russian,  Prussian,  and  Austrian 
armies  were  reviewed  on  the  10th  of  April,  1814,  when 
Te  Deum  according  to  the  Greek  ritual  was  sung  for  the 
triumph  of  the  allies  and  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons, 
at  an  altar  raised  in  the  middle  of  the  Place,  while  a  sa- 
lute of  one  hundred  guns  was  fired.  The  Pkurisian  na- 
tional guards  were  all  under  arms.  At  this  period  the 
original  name  of  Place  Louis  XY.  was  restored. 

GabdbMbvblb  dblaGovioihib. — ^Formerlythere^xtsted 
near  the  Louvre  a  building  where  the  furniture,  jewek,  etc. 
of  the  crown  were  deposited.  In  1760,  when  the  project 
waa  formed  of  constructing  the  two  edifices,  erected  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Place  Louis  XV.,  that  which  was 
nearest  to  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries  was  destined  to 
receive  these  valuable  objects. 

The  firont  of  this  structure,  one  hundred  and  one  feet 
in  length,  is  terminated  by  two  projecting  pavilions^  be- 
tween which,  on  the  ground  floor,  is  a  gallery  formed 
by  arcades,  ornamented  with  vermiculated  rustics.  From 
this  basement  rise  twelve  Corinthian  columns,  surmounted 
ky  an  entablatuie  and  a  bukstrade.  The  basement  of 
each  pavilion  supports  four  columns  of  the  same  order, 
crowned  by  a  pediment,  above  which  rises  a  cluster  of 
armour.  The  tympanums  of  the  pediments  are  adorned 
with  bas-reliefs.  The  other  edifice  beyond  the  rue  Royale 
was  constructed  on  the  same  line  and  the  same  plan.  These 
magnificent  structures,  after  the  designs  of  Gabriel,  form 
one  of  the  principal  ornaments  of  the  Place. 

The  entrance  to  the  Garde-Bleuble  was  under  the  central 
arcade.      A  highly  omamenled  staircase  conducted  to 


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56  PLAC£S. 

•ereral,  rooms,  the  fini  of  which  was  defoied  to  CweigB 
and  French  armour.  In  this  room  wore  a  soil  orna- 
mented with  bas-relie&  designed  by  Julio  Bomaao, 
which  was  worn  by  Francis  I.  when  he  was  made  prisoner 
at  the  battle  of  Pavia  ;*  the  suit  which  Henry  II.  wore 
when  he  was  mortally  wounded  by  Montgomery  ;f  and 
those  of  Henry  HI.,  Henry  IV.,  Louis  XIIL,  and  Loois 
Xiy. ;  the  latter  was  a  present  to  that  sorereign  from  the 
republic  of  Venice.  Its  chasing,  which  was  of  most  costly 
execution,  represented  tweWe  cities  of  Flanders  captured 
by  him.  Sereral  other  suits  of  armour  adorned  this 
room.  Here  also  were  the  swords  of  Henry  IV. ,  of  king 
Casimir,  and  pope  Paul  V. ;  the  handle  of  the  latter  was 
richly  gilt,  and  displayed  the  emblems  of  the  papacy. 

In  the  middle  of  this  room  were  two  small  cannon  in- 
laid with  silfor,  mounted  upon  carrii^,  preaented  in 
1684  to  Louis  XIV.,  by  the  ambassador  of  the  king  of 
Siam.  These  cannon  were  used  at  the  taking  of  the  Bna- 
tile.    Amons  several  other  kinds  of  ancient  arms  was  a 

s,  lances,  coats  of 
d  Tariotts  times* 
»try.  There  wcfe 
bt  of  Flemish  work* 
10  battles  of  Scipio, 
aano;  eight  pieces 
6  subjects  of  which 
imours  of  Fsyche ; 
I,  after  the  designs 
here  was  likewise  a 
command  of  Lonis 
Jins,  after  the  do- 
Iry,  and  Detroy. 
ble  mimber  of  fa- 

t  Set  p.  32. 


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PLAC£  LOUIS  XV.  57 

Imble  ohfeciBf  such  as  rases*  bowls,  cups  ci  agate  and 
Mck  crystal,  sacred  ressels,  etc.,  presents  from  Oriental 
prinecs;  the  whole  contained  in  eleyen  presses.  One  of 
them  displayed  the  oratory  of  cardinal  Richeliea,  all  the 
ffamiture  of  which  was  of  massire  gold,  studded  with  large 
diamonds :  among  the  costly  articles  which  it  contained 
was  a  pair  of  can^esticks  of  solid  enamelled  gold,  enriched 
with  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixteen  diamonds, 
valued  at  200,000  livres.  Upon  the  cruets,  which  were 
likewise  of  enamelled  gold,  the  number  of  diamonds  was 
twelve  hundred  and  sixty-two.  The  crucifix,  twenty 
inches  and  tlu*ee-quarters  in  height,  bore  a  Christ  in 
pure  gold,  of  which  the  crown  and  the  drapery  were  set 
with  diamonds.  The  prayer4iook  of  the  cardinal  finrmed 
part  of  the  oratory.  This  volume,  written  upon  vdlum, 
is  entitled  to  a  particular  description.  The  cover  was  of 
morocco  leather,  bound  round  the  edge  vrith  plates  of 
gold.  Upon  one  side  was  a  medaUion  in  enamelled  gold» 
representing  the  cardinal,  who,  after  the  manner  of  the 
Roman  empertnra,  hdid  a  globe  in  his  hand.  Four  angels 
issuing  from  the  comers  placed  crowns  of  flowers  D^n 
his  head.  The  medallion,  set  in  a  garland  of  flowers,  bore 
the  ini  criptionr-^ 

Gadat. 

Upon  the  other  side  was  a  medallion  presenting  a  flaming 
heart,  intersected  by  his  initiab,  D.  H.  A.  R.,  connected 
in  cyphers,  with  this  inscription  in  the  garland — 

Solus,  sed  non  unns. 

We  leave  it  to  the  learned  to  unravel  these  inscriptions. 

Another  press  contained  presents  made  to  Loub  XV.  m 
17ftQ,  by  Said  lidiemet,  ambassador  of  the  Porte,  con- 
sisting c^  a  caparismi  of  scarlet  cloth,  embroidered  vrith 
gold,  silver  and  silk,  and  enriched  wkh  pearb;  a  saddle 


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58  PLACXS. 

of  crimson  vekel,  embroidered  with  gold  and  silrer,  and 
studded  with  emeralds,  diamonds,  and  rubies ;  a  pair  oT 
girths  of  golden  web,  adorned  with  pearls ;  a  portrait;  a 
golden  apple,  with  ornaments  of  enamelled  gold  of  varioas 
colours,  and  enriched  with  diamonds,  three  of  which  had 
been  removed;  a  head-stall  adorned  with  enamelled  gold, 
from  which  two  diamonds  had  been  taken ;  a  cartrUge- 
box  of  enamelled  gold,  set  with  precious  stones,  of  which 
two  rubies  were  missing;  a  powder-horn;  a  mace  of  rock- 
crystal,  ornamented  with  emeralds  and  rubies,  two  of 
which  had  been  stolen;  a  quirer  of  green  velret,  enriched 
with  gold,  pearls,  diamonds,  rubies,  and  emeralds,  from 
which  two  pearis  were  missing;  a  smaller  quiver  with  a 
golden  chain,  in  which  an  emerald  was  wanting;  six 
sabres ;  a  rich  poniard  studded  with  precious  stones,  of 
which  three  diamonds  were  missing;  another  poniard, 
with  a  quadrangular  blade ;  and  several  stirrups,  pistols, 
muskets,  holsters,  poniards,  knives,  and  costly  slippers. 

In  another  press  were  presents  from  the  dey  of  Tunis, 
consistbg  of  trappings  for  a  horse,  the  dress  of  a  Levan- 
tine, eight  pieces  of  gold  gauze,  and  five  pair  of  slippers. 

A  press  devoted  to  presents  sent  to  Louis  XVL  by  Tip- 
poo  Saib  contained  a  very  rich  belt  adorned  vrith  gold, 
rubies,  emeralds,  and  diamonds ;  a  sabre  which  had  been 
stripped  of  seven  principal  flowers,  three  emeralds,  and 
three  rubies;  another  sabre  from  which  seven  rubies  had 
been  taken ;  a  Turkish  scabbard  and  its  ornaments ;  a 
round  buckler  of  copper  gilt ;  a  bag  of  gold  lace,  three 
ells  of  gold  gauze,  eleven  pieces  of  silk  wrought  vrith  gold, 
and  seven  pair  of  slippers.  In  1790,  the  same  prince 
made  Louis  XVI.  a  present  of  an  aigrette  composed  of 
one  hundred  and  eight  emeralds,  seventy-four  rubies,  and 
forty-seven  diamonds ;  and  a  necklace  consisting  of  one. 
hundred  and  four  pearls  and  twenty-four  diamonds. 


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PIACE  tOUIS  XT.  59 

The  most  superb  object  in  thb  room  was  ibe  nef*'  of 
gold,  tbe  woriL  of  Balin,  wbich  was  used  at  the  king's 
table  upoif  state  occasions.  This  nef  or  ship,  supported 
by  four  mennaids,  was  adorned  with  diamonds,  and  weigh- 
ed one  hundred  and  six  marks.  In  1791,  it  was  valued  at 
300,0qp  livres. 

In  rtie  various  rooms  of  the  Garde-Meuble,  as  well  as 
on  the  staircase  and  in  the  gallery,  were  a  great  number  of 
statues  and  busts  in  bronze  and  marble,  the  greater  part 
modem.  There  weoe  also  eighty-eight  pictures,  of  which 
seven  or  eight  possessed  considerable  merit. 

To  so  many  costly  and  curious  objects  must  be  added 
the  diamonds  of  the  crown,  contained  in  a  chest  of  drawers 
in  one  of  the  apartments.  The  National  Legislative  As- 
sembly, by  a  decree  of  Blay  26,  1791,  ordained  that  an 
inventory  of  these  diamonds  should  be  taken,  as  well  as 
of  all  the  articles  in  the  Garde-Meuble,  and  a  commis- 
sion charged  with  its  execution  was  appointed.  The  fol- 
lowing is  an  extract  of  the  report  made  on  the  28th  of 
September  following,  by  M.  Delattre,  deputy,  one  of  the 
members  of  the  commission  : — 

**  According  to  an  inventory  taken  in  1774,  the  number 
of  diamonds  amounted  at  that  time  to  seven-  thousand 
four  hundred  and  eighty-two,  exolttsiveof  a  certain  num- 
ber which  have  beei^  sold  by  the  king's  orders  since  178A, 
for  the  sum  of  76,060  livres,  and  without  including  an 
article  of  that  inventory,  which  was  withdrawn  by  the 
king's  command,  on  the  13th  of  March,  1786.  This  ar- 
ticle, composed  of  an  indefinite  number  of  diamonds  and 
rabies,  was  employed  to  make  a  parure  for  the  queen. 
Since  the  year  178A,  the  king  at  various  times  has  sold 
one  thousand  four  hundred  and  seventy-one  diamonds, 
and  in  that  year  he  bought  three  thousand  five  hundred 

*  A  case  in  which  the  king's  and  (paeen^s  napkins  were  kept. 


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flO  'PLACES. 

and  thirtj-six,  to  complete  the  setting  of  his  buttons 
and  sword ;  bnt  the  diamonds  bought  were  not  equal  in 
T&Iue  to  those  that  were  sold.  Moreover,  this  collection 
contains  two  hundred  and  thirty  rubies »  sevenly-one  to- 
paxes,  one  hundred  and  fifty  emeralds,  one  hundred  and 
thirty-four  sapphires,  three  oriental  amethysts,  and  other 
jewels  of  less  ralue.** 

The  National  Assembly,  by  a  decree  of  May  2d,  1701, 
ceded  to  the  reigning  family  the  rast  personal  property  be- 
longing to  the  crown,  valued  at  from  sixteen  to  twenty 
millions  of  livres. 

In  the  night  of  September  16,  1702,  a  considerable 
robbery  was  effected  in  the  Garde-Meuble.  Afanosl  all 
the  diamonds,  including  the  $anei  and  the  rlgeiu*  were 
carried  off  by  a  band  of  forty  robbers,  who  ucended  the 
lamp-posts  by  means  of  ropes,  and  gained  admission  by  the 
windows  :  they  entered  without  any  obstacle,  but  were 
fortunately  detected  in  their  descent.  The  following  is  the 
account  given  of  the  robbery  by  the  newspapers  of  the 
time :— «'  A  sentinel  perceiving  a  man  descending  by  a 
lamp- post  of  the  Garde-Meuble,  arrested  him:  Us  poo* 
kets  were  filled  with  jewels,  diamonds,  gold  and  silver. 
The  present  of  the  «ity,  a  superb  golden  vase,  was  thrown 
upon  the  cdonnade.  Another  robber,  in  attempting  to 
escape,  threw  himself  from  the  colonnade  and  was  wound- 
ed in  the  head :  his  pockets  were  also  loaded  with  bril- 
liants, and  he  had  a  handkerchief  filled  with  gold  and 
silver,  diamonds,  sapphires,  emeralds,  and  topaces.  The 
robbery  was  considerable;  the  $anci  and  the  r&geni  (the 
most  valuable  diamonds  of  the  crown)  were  carried  off.** 

*  Tbate  two  diamonds  have  obuined  so  hbtoricaldMinictcr.  In 
the  fiAeenth  ccnlory  the  stmci  was  sold  for  a  crown  to  the  dnkc  de 
Bourgogoe  by  a  Swiss.  Don  Antonio,  king  of  Portugal,  po5KS9ed 
itini589;  ht  pladgcd  it  to  Nicolas  da  Uarlai  de  Sand,  forthasnin 


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VhkCX  DE  GKAvE-  61 

A  few  days  after  tweoty-^M  of  the  robbem*  armed  with 
peMarda,  were  apprehended,  and  most  of  the  stolen 
obfoots  recovered* 

Uader  the  government  of  Napple^m  the  Garde-Meuble 
was  devoted  to  the  residence  and  offices  of  the  Minister  of 
the  Marine,  ^o  still  continues  to  occupy  it.  Upon  the 
summit  of  the  roof  a  telegraph  has  been  er^ted  to  cor- 
respond with  the  port  of  Brest. 


PLAGE  DU  CARROUSEL. 
(See  Vol.  IL,page3L) 


PLAGE  OE  GR^YE. 


The  word  greve  means  a  sinAifD  or  shorb. 

Louis  VIL,  by  letters-patent,  dated  1141,  ordered  that 
the  Place  quae  Gtwvui  dicitur  pt^ope  Sequanam,  should 
remain  open,  and  without  any  buildings,  for  the  conve- 
nience of  the  public,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  70 
livres,  which  he  had  received  from  the  citiaens,  i  Bur- 
gensibus  suis  de  GrcBvid. 
The  principal  ornament  of  this  PUice  is  the  Hotel  de 

of  40,000  Hvief .  Sanci  gave  him  for  it»  purdbase  60,000  hnm 
more.  Tbia  diamond  teceivod  from  that  time  tbe  name  of  itspro^ 
prietor.  Sanci  beiog  short  of  money,  Mras  upon  the  point  of  seUing 
H  out  of  the  kingdom,  with  several  other  jewels^  when  it  was  bought 
by  James,  long  of  England,  Who  then  resided  at  St.  Germain^.  It 
afterwards  became  the  property  of  Loafs  XIY . 

The  r^ent  is  moie  beautiful  and  valuable  than  the  sancL  1% 
took  its  name  from  the  duke  of  Orleans,  regent  of  France,  who 
purchased  it,  in  1717,  for  two  million  livres.  Its  weight  is  nearly 
five  hundred  grains.  The  kings  of  France  wore  this  diamond  in  their 
haU  instead  of  a  button.  Bonaparte,  when  first  consul,  had  it 
mounted  upon  the  hilt  of  his  sword. 


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62  PLACES. 

Ville.*  It  formerly  poAsessed  a  handsome  fountain,  of 
which  Louis  XIII.  laid  the  first  stone  in  1624 ,  with  much 
spacious  hasin  received  the  water,  which 
ir  comucopisB  held  by  a  goddess,  who  stood 
aI.  Upon  a  tablet  was  the  following  in- 
ns cernifl  ttatuit  sibi  regna  Lyaeut 
>lenU  gerat,  suppediUmus  aquas. 

i  this  fountain,  which  was  demolished  in 
le  flowed  for  the  populace  at  public  re- 

)  Gr^ve  has  long  been  the  spot  where  cri- 
;uted.  The  punishment  of  death  is  rare  in 
only  mode  of  inflicting  it  now  allowed  by 
ince  is  by  the  guillotine.  The  first  person 
dre  was  Marguerite  Porette,  burnt  for  he- 
made  to  this  celebrated  spot  in  Prior*s 
g   of  the  thief  and  the  cordelier,  which 

r  been  at  Paris  must  needs  know  the  Grhfe^ 
reat  of  the  unfortunate  brave. 

I  ancient  times  it  was  the  custom  to  suspend 
ithout  the  city  the  bodies  of  criminals  who 
ited  in  Paris.  These  gibbets  were  called 
most  remarkable  was  that  of  Marufaueaiu 
ivated  spot  situated  between  the  faubourg 
d  the  faubourg  du  Temple,  having  upon  its 
mass  of  masonry,  about  sixteen  feet  high, 
thirty  broad.  Upon  the  surface  of  this 
len  stone  pillars,  thirty- two  feet  in  height, 
'  support  large  beams,  and  firom  the  latter 

*  SeeYol.n.,p.l3l. 


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PLACE  DE  GR^YE.  ^3 

hung  iron  chains^  in  which  the  dead  bodies  were  placed. 
While  this  custom  prevailed,  there  were  generally  fifty  or 
sixty  criminals  waving  in  the  air.  When  there  was  no 
room  for  a  dead  body,  that  which  had  been  there  longest 
was  taken  down,  and  thrown  into  a  cave  which  opened  into 
the  centre  of  the  enclosure.  In  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century  this  frightfiil  gibbet  had  fidlen  into 
decay,  and  only  three  or  four  pillars  remained. 

Etienne  Pasquier  remarks,  that  the  gibbet  of  Montfau- 
con  brought  misfortune  on  all  those  who  had  any  hand  in. 
.  its  erection  or  repair.  ^*  Enguerrand  de  Marigni,"  says 
he,  ^^  handselled  it  {Pih'enna);  Pierre  Remusurintendant 
of  the  finances  under  Charles-le-Bel,  had  it  repaired,  and 
was  hanged  on  it.  And  in  our  time,  Jean  Monnier,  lieu- 
tenant civil  de  Paris,  having  ordered  repairs  to  be  made 
to  these  fourches  patibulaires,  though  he  did  not  end  his 
days  there,  like  the  two  others,  was  obliged  to  make  an 
amende  honorable.*^ 

A  journal  of  the  time  of  Charles  VII.  relates,  that,  on 
the  17th  of  October,  1&09,  le  sire  Jean  de  Montaigu  ftU 
conduit  du  Petit-Chdtelet  aux  Halles,  haut  assis  dans 
une  charrette,  vitu  de  sa  livrde,  h  sgavoir  dCune  h4^upelan- 
de  mi-partie  de  rouge  et  de  blanc,  le  chaperon  de  mime, 
une  chausse  rouge  et  Cauire  blanche,  des  ^erons  doT6s,  Us 
mains  liies,  deux  trompettes  devant  lui,  et  qu'apr^  qu'on 
lui  eut  coup6  la  teste,  son  corps  fut  port6  au  Gibbet  de 
Paris,  et  j  fut  pendu  au  plus  haut,  en  chemise,  avec  ses 
ehausses  et  ses  iperons  dords.  This  Jean  de  Montaigu  was 
grand-^naitre  de  la  maison  du  roi,  and  surintendant  of 
the  finances.  P^re  Dubreuil  says,  that  his  body  was  car- 
ried to  Montfaucon  in  a  sack  of  spices,  which  was  furnished 
by  the  C61estins  for  its  preservation,  till  they  should  be 
allowed  to  inter  it. 
In  former  times  a  singular  ceremony  was  observed  an- 


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64  PLACES. 

naaliy  in  the  Place  de  Grfefep  on  the  eve  of  the  feast  of 
Saint  John  the  Baptist.  The  magiitratea  of  the  city 
haying  ordered  a  large  heap  of  frggots  to  he  piled  up  in 
the  centre  of  the  Place,  the  king,  attended  by  hia  court, 
came  in  procession,  and  set  fire  to  it.  The  eariiest  no- 
tice we  have  of  this  ceremony  is  of  the  year  1471,  when 
Loins  XI.  performed  it,  probably  in  imitation  of  his  r«yal 
predecessors.  His  example  was  fi>llowed  by  nearly  all  his 
successors.  Henry  IV.  and  Louis  XUI.  seldom  fiiiled  to 
obserre  it,  but  Louis  XIV.  only  performed  it  in  1648. 
This  ceremony,  called  U  feu  de  la  Saini  Jeam,  was  ce- 
lebrated with  much  pomp  and  expense.  In  167S,  it  was 
performed  in  the  following  manner  by  Henry  III.  In  the 
centre  of  the  Place  de  Grfeye  was  erected  a  pole  sixty  feet 
high ,  haying  numerous  cross  pieces  of  wood,  to  which  were 
attached  fiye  hundred  boarrSes  (bundles  of  brush-wood), 
two  hundred  eottereti  (faggots),  and  at  the  bottom  ten 
loads  otgros  bois,  with  a  great  deal  of  straw.  There  was 
also  a  barrel  and  a  wheel,  probably  containing  combus- 
tible matter.  Hie  sum  of  forty-four  liyres  was  eiqiended 
for  bowfueU,  crowns,  and  garlands  of  roses.  A  great  quan- 
tity of  fireworks  of  all  kinds  were  discharged ;  and  to  keep 
the  populace  in  order,  there  were  present  one  hundred 
and  twenty  areherSf  one  hundred  arbaUiriers^  and  one 
hundred  or^ucbtMei^re.*  To  the  pole  was  fixed  a  basket, 
containing  two  doien  cats  and  a  fox,  who  were  destined 
to  be  burnt  aliye,  pour  ftitreplaieir  d  $a  majesid.  To  the 
cries  of  the  cats  was  added  the  noise  of  yarions  instru- 
ments. The  magistrates  of  the  city,  bearing  yellow  wax 
tapers,  adyanced  in  procession  towards  the  pile,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  king  a  taper  of  white  wax,  ornamented  with 
red  yelyet,  with  whioh  his  majesty  grayely  set  it  on  &e. 
When  the  wood  and  the  cats  were  consumed,  the  king 
*  See  Vol.  n.,  p.  134. 


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PLAGE  DAUPHINE.'  6i5 

entered  the  Hdtel  de  Yille,  where  a  collation,  consisting 
of  tarts,  cakes,  and  sweetmeats,  was  prepared.  The 
Parisians  carried  off  the  ashes  and  hurnt  wood,  in  the 
belief  that  they  would  bring  good  luck. 

Louis  XIV.  having  appeared  only  once,  the  attendance 
of  the  king  was  discontinued,  and  the  ceremony  lost  its 
splendour.  Latterly  the  privdt  des  marchamds,  the  iehc- 
vins  and  their  suite,  merely  came,  set  fire  to  the  heap  of 
faggots,  and  then  retired;  but  the  custom  has  long  fallen 
into  desuetude. 


PLACE  DAUPHINE.    . 

This  Place^  which  opens  upon  the  Pont  Neuf,  in  front 
of  the  Katue  of  Henry  IV.,  was  formed  in  1608,  and  re- 
ceived its  name  in  honour  of  the  birth  of  the  dauphin, 
afterwards  Louis  XIIL  Its  form  is  that  of  an  acute  tri- 
angle, and  the  houses  which  surround  it  are  irregularly 
buUt. 

In  the  centre  of  the  Place  Datfphine  a  monumental 
fountain  was  erected,  in  1802,  to  the  memory  of  general 
Desaix,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Marengo.  It  was  raised 
by  a  suhscription,  to  which  more  than  six  hundred  persons 
contributed.     The  design  was  furnished  by  Percier. 

This  monument  is  composed  of  a  cippus,  surmounted 
by  the  general's  bust  crooned  by  France.  The  Po  and 
the  Nile,  with  their  attributes,  are  represented  upon  a 
circular  bas-relief.  Two  figures  of  Fame  are  engraving 
upon  escutcheons,  the  one  Thebes  and  the  Pjramides, 
the  other  Kehl  and  Marengo.  Upon  the  pedestal  the 
name  of  the  hero  appears  in  letters  of  gold,  encircled 
by  a  garland  of  oak,  and  below  are  inscribed  what  are 
said  to  have  been  his  last  words,  but  which  were  not  iil- 

VOL.     III.  B 


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66  ?LACfcS« 

lered  by  biin,  as  he  neyer  «poke  after  be  recdired  the 
ratal  shot : — 

*'  AUex  dire  an  pi^mier  coqsul  que  je  romir^  a?eo  le  nfraft  de 
n  aToir  pas  aisez  fait  poor  rin-e  dans  la  postori^.** 

A  trophy  of  arma  U  placed  behind  the  p^estal.  and 
iiyoQ  its  base  are  the  fqltowiog  inscriptions : — 
in  v^oflT. 

Landai^  Kehl,  Weifsembourg,  Malte,  Cbehreia,  EiqlM|b^,  lea 
Pyramides,  Sediinaii,  Samanhout,  Keoe,  Thebes,  Ma^ngo,  furmi 
lat  t^moim  de  aes  talena  et  de  soa  conrage  :  les  ennemis  Tappelaieot 
LB  Justb;  sea  soldats,  comme  ceuz  de  Bayard,  —  Sana  peur  et  sans 
reproche.    II  ? ^cut,  il  moiu^t  pour  la  patrie. 

BEQIND. 

L.  Ck.  Aht.  DfBAix,  n^  &  Atat,  d^partement  du  Pi7T-Dt»D6Mc, 
le  17  aqAt  1768,  vtm%  ^  Marengo,  k  25  prainaU  i^a  VOI  *■  de  la 
r^publique.  Ce  roonument  lui  fut  Heji  par  des  amii  de  aa  gloire 
et  de  sa  rertu,  sous  !e  consulat  de  Bonaparte,  fan  X  de  la  r^pu- 
blique. 

The  water  flows  into  a  circular  basin  from  foar  Kens' 
heads,  in  hroose,  fixed  in  the  pedestal. 


In  1660,  in  consequence  of  the  general  p^aoe,  and  the 
marriage  of  Louis  XIV.  ^ri.tih  Mafia  ThercMMi  of  Austria, 
an  arch  and  ^n  obelislt;,  ypwarda  of  one  hwndred  feet  high, 
were  erected  b  the  Plape  Dauphine,  Verses  in  Latin  and 
French,  composed  by  P^  Cossart,  a  Jeauit,  were  pnb* 
licly  read,  of  which  Lemaire^  Ut  his  Work  on  Paris,  sajs  :— 
**  NevejT  did  the  city  of  Ropi^,-u^  its  greatest  glory,  erect 
a  more  superb  amphitheatre  than  that  of  the  Place  Daii- 
phine  on  the  day  those  verses  were  read."  The  arch  was 
in  imitation  of  white  niarUe,  enriched  with  gold,  and 
adorned  with  termini,  which  represented  the  (bur  ele- 
ments. 

FiaB  had  his  forehead  encircled  witji  a  fillet,  and  was 

*  June    14,  1800. 


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PLACE  DAUPUINE.  G7 

dressed  like  the  vestals  who  watched  the  holy  flame.  His 
hair  was  (riKzled,  his  countenaace  lirely,  and  his  eyes 
sparkling. 

Water  was  represented  with  his  hair  wet  and  drip- 
ping; he  was  crowned  with  reeds,  and  his  dress  resembled 
that  in  which  sea-gods  are  usuaHy  represented. 

AiB  had  a  gay  and  smiling  countenance,  with  curled 
hair,  adorned  with  feathers ;  his  dress  was  of  a  very  light 
thin  material. 

Earth  looked  manly  and  serious;  his  hair^  Megligcntly 
dressed,  wascrowned  with  a  garland  of  flowers. 

In  one  of  the  bas-reliefs  of  the  pedestal  appeared  Cu- 
pid,  holding   a   net   over  a  labyrinth,  below  which  was 

written — 

S#lu9  invenit  riani. 

lo  another  bas-relief  he  was  represented  dispersbg  chaos, 
and  creating  order.     The  motto  was — 

OifiSDciata  locU  concordi  pace  ligaTit. 

On  one  of  the  pediments  of  Ihe  attic  was  seen  Piety, 
clothed  in  a  purple  mantle,  ornamented  with  gold,  hold- 
ing in  one  hand  a  flaming  heart,  and  with  the  other  em- 
bracing a  pelican,  in  the  act  of  feeding  h^r  young  froui 
her  breast.  -  Beneath  her  feet  appeared  Impiety,  under 
ihe  figure  of  a  wotf.  On  the  other  pediment  Meekness 
wa»  represented  overcoming  Cruelty.  In  her  hand  was  an 
olive  branch,  in  her  arms  a  lamb,  and  at  her  feet  a  tiger, 
from  whose  mouth  issued  a  swarm  of  bees. 

Below  these  pediments  was  an  imitation  of  tapestry,  the 
border  of  which  was  azure,  with  fleurs'-dc'fys  of  gold.  It 
represented  the  king  and  queen  holding  a  globe,  and  seat* 
ed  in  a  car  drawn  by  a  cock  and  a  lion,  led  by  Hymen. 
Concord,  with  a  bundle  of  rods,  was  driving  away  Dis 
cord  and  War;  Peace,  crowned  with  an  olive  wreath. 


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68  PLACES. 

held  a  cornucopia  Id  one  band,  and  with  the  other  beckon- 
ed the  Arts  and  Sciences,  which  had  been  banished  by  the 
war. 

Between  the  arch  and  the  obelisk  was  Atlas,  with  ar- 
mour under  his  feet,  and  on  his  shoulders  an  azure  globe, 
sparkling  with  fleurs-de^fys  of  gold.  Fame,  with  two 
trumpets,  appeared  abo?e  a  crown,  supported  by  two 
genii ;  in  her  hands  were  scrolls,  bearing  the  cyphers  of 
the  king  and  queen. 

One  of  the  bas-relicii  of  the  obelisk  represented  France, 
in  the  attitude  of  a  suppliant,  reooiving  with  joy  from  the 
hands  of  the  queen-mother  an  infant,  which  Divine  Pro- 
vidence had  just  brought  her.  This  child  was  Louis  XIV. » 
•urnamed  Dieu-d^nnd.*  In  the  other  was  a  portrait  of 
the  queen,  as  the  genius  of  France  leamng  oo  a  shield,  at 
the  sight  of  whom  Bellona  fled  in  terror. 

On  the  apex  of  the  obelisk  was  Glory,  seated  on  a  celes- 
tial globe.  She  had  wing9,  and  wore  a  golden  crowa«  In 
one  hand  she  held  a  cornucopia  and  a  trumpet,  with  a 
scroll  on  which  was  written — ^etebnitas;  and  in  the  other 
an  azure  circle  with  gold  stars,  and  the  cyphers  of  ^Ihe 
king  and  queen.  

PLACE  MAUBERT. 

This  Place  derived  its  name  from  Albtrtus  JUagntts.-^ 
called  maitre  AuberU  This  celebrated  doctor,  aAcr  teach- 

•  The  surname  of  Dieu-donntf,  given  to  Louis  XIV.,  afforrfeH 
occasion  for  many  epigraros«  When  that  monarch  become  ena- 
moured of  Madame  de  Montespan,  there  appeared  a  satirical  song. 
in  which  was  the  following  couplet : — 

Que  De<h-datus  est  heurcux 
De  baisser  ce  bee  amoureux. 
Qui  d*une  oreille  k  Fautre  fa 
AUeluia ! 
t  See  Vol.  II.,  p.  251. 


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PLACE  SAIKT  GERYAIS.  69 

ing  for  some  time  ai  Cologne,  came  to  Piiris  to  continue 
his  exercises ;  and  tbfe  schools  not  being  sufficiently  spa- 
cious to  contain  the  students  who  flocked  to  hear  him«  he 
delivered  his  lectures  in  this  Place. 

It  formerly  possessed  a  fountain,  which  bore  the  follow- 
ing inscription  by  Santeuil :- — 

Qui  l6t  Ycnales  populo  locus  exhibet  escas, 
Hie  proebcft  faciles,  ne  sitis  urat,  aquas. 

There  is  still  a  post  with  a  bronze  head,  through  which 
water  flows  into  a  basin. 


PLACE  SAINT  GERVAIS. 

Upon  this  Place  stood,  at  a  remote  period,  a  gate  called 
Porte  Baude$  or  Baudoyer.  In  186d,  Charles  V.  gave 
permbsion  to  i\m  pr&odt  des  Marchands  and  the  Echevins 
of  Paris  to«rect  a  cro^s  in  it,  as  appears  from  the  follow- 
ing document : —    * 

Carolus,  Dei  gmti^  Francorum  rex,  nohim  f^imus  tam  prsei- 
sentibus  qu^  futuris,  quod  nos  dilectis  nostris,  prseposito  mep- 
eatorum,  scabinb,  et  habitatoi*ibus  yOIsd  nostrae  Parisiensis,  conces- 
simus  et  concedimus  per  praesentes  ex  nostril  auctoriute  regid,  cert4 
8cientl4,  et  gratili  speciali,  ut  ipsi  cptandam  crucem  lapideam,  mar- 
moream,  aut  aliam  qualem  eis  placuerit,  in  bivio  seu  plate4,  nuncu- 
pate gallic^  la  Porte  Baudoyer  diets  yillsei,  super  yel  sine  gi^adibus, 
aut  ali4s  qualiter  et  quotiescuroqoe  tibi  expediens  videbitur,  con- 
struere,  erigere,  vel  fiiri  facere  yaleant,  absque  eo  quod  eis  yel  suc- 
cessoribus  suis  propter  hoc  aliquod  prsjudicium  generetur  nuiu;  yel 
temporibus  futuris,  nee  quod  ob  hoc  ad  anendam  trahi  possint  quo- 
quo  modo,  sen  ab  aliquo  aliqnaliter  i*eprehendi,  etc.  Datum  in- 
domo  nostri  juxta  Sanctum-PauIUm,  anno  Domini  1366^  et  regni 
Qostri  3,  mense  maio. 

Lemaire,  in  his  work  entitled  Paris  Aheten  et  Ffou- 
reau,  says:  **  The  other  quariiers  of  Paris,  though  proud 
of  their  agreeable  situation,  will  eternally  envy  the  Place 
Saint  Gervais  the  happiness  of  having  been  selected  for 


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70  PLACES. 

erecting  a  mountain,  on  which  the  arts  and  sciences  were 
seen  rendering  their  homage  to  the  greatest  of  kings,  ob 
the  20th  of  August,  1660.  This  mountaio  was  forty  feet 
high,  and  resenibled  Parnassus,  as  its  summil  was  cofered 
with  laurels,  and  firom  its  sides  gushed  two  fountains,  as 
beautiful  as  could  have  been  the  Castalian  and  Hippo- 
crene  springs.  For  the  facility  of  passage,  the  lower  part 
of  the  mountain  was  pierced  like  a  grolto,  the  entrance  of 
which  was  formed  by  palms,  around  which  Cupids  were 
playing.  Among  these  palms  was  seen  Virtue  supporting  a 
golden  medal,  three  feet  and  a  half  in  diameter,  encircled 
by  a  garland  of  flowers,  and  surmounted  by  a  royal 
crown.  On  tha  awdal  were  the  effigies  of  the  king  and 
queen,  with  the  legend  Jungit  amor.  On  the  sides,  two 
Cupids  supported  the  arms  of  France  and  Castile.  On 
the  declirity  of  the  mountain  were  seated  the  Nine 
Muses,  In  light  dresses  of  silver  and  gold.  They  were 
hended  by  Apollo,  whose  auburn  hair  was  crowned  with 
laurels  and  hyacinths ;  he  wore  a  scarlet  mantle  adorned 
with  gold,  and  held  in  his  hand  a  golden  lyre.  Near  him 
was  Calliope,  who,  as  cpieen,  wore  a  crown  of  gold,  and 
held  several  chaplets  of  laurel  in  her  hand.  The  other 
Muses  were  represented  with  their  characteristic  attri- 
butes. Above  the  palms,  on  each  side  of  the  medal  borne 
by  Virtue,  were  a  number  of  figures,  who,  with  their 
long  dresses,  their  laurel  crowns,  tU%  represented,  tfsaar 
naivement,  the  greatest  poets  and  most  illustrious  authors, 
holding  forth  the  pieces  they  bad  already  composed,  or 
those  which  they  were  meditating,  l#  the  glory  of  the 
happiest  ant^most  flourishing  reign  ever  known,  namely, 
that  of  Tj>uts^U'Grim€L'' 


There  are  is  Plirts  about  sixty  ether  spots  called  Ptaccs^ 
but  they  arc  merely  areas,  in  general  very  small,  without 


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PORTE  SAINT  ANTOINE.  T1 

any  public  monument,  and  by  no  means  entitled  to  de- 
scription. 

TRIUMPHAL  AttOHtia. 
PORTE  OR  ARC  DE  TRIOMPHE  DB  SAINT  ANTOINE. 

At  the  spot  where  the  rue  Saint  Antoine  is  intersected 
by  the  boulevard  stood  a  gate,  erected  in  the  middle  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  and  adorned  with  bas-reliefs.  The 
rapid  yictories  gained  by  the  French  arms  under  Louis 
XIV.  determined  that  monarch  to  convert  this  and  other 
city  gates  into  triumphal  arches,  to  perpetuate  to  future 
ages  the  glory  of  his  reign* 

Upon  the  eofitlitsiOn  df  pedce  between  Ft^ahce  and 
Spirin  in  1770;  Blonde!  rec^iv^d  orders  id  enlarge  and  or- 
Bament  the  Port^  Saint  Antoide,  in  cdmtii^m6ration  of 
Ihift  event.  To  the  gate^  which  was  of  the  Dofic  order, 
thfe  at^hit66l  added  n  sinfil^f  ktth  6n  «ach  sidb,  b^  which 
was  formed  a  fr^nl  fift^-seft^n  fe6t  in  l^th  by  fifty  in 
elevation. 

On  the  frcm  t(y#afiii  tlte  z\tji  th^  tympanum  of  the 
central  gat«  prefteiited  the  arms  of  France  and  Navarre 
soalptnr^  in  fcKcfi  lit  thbs^  of  the  (wo  lateral  arches 
wer^  a  copy  of  the  tneddl  4Hick  in  honotif  of  Lonls  XI^ . 
by  order  of  the  mtinicipality.  On  one  side  it  bore  the 
effigy  of  that  monarch,  with  the  legend— Luuovicus  Mag- 
ires,*  FaiiiGOHtif  bt  NAVARRi«  affli  P.P.  1671.  On  the 
other  aide  Yaloor,  reding  upoti  a  shield,  bore  the  arms  of 
the  6ity;  iHbtN^  was  his^rib^  LutbtiA,  and  beneath  Fe- 
LiciTAs  PcBLicA.  In  the  attic  was  a  globe  between  two 
clusters  of  arms  surmounted  by  the  sun,  having  a  tablet 
on  each  side  mth  ihe  foBowtug  hiscriptions : — 

*  This  was  the  first  monaineiii  in  which  Louis  XIV.  was  styled 
L^Gaano. 


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72  TRIUMPHAL  ABCHKS. 

LuDOTicus  Maghcs, 

Pi'omoUi  imperii  finibus, 

Ultra  Rhenum,  Alpes  - 

Et  PyreiuDoe, 

Pomwriuin  hoc  more  prisco 

Propagarit 
Amio  R.S.H.  M.D.C.LXX. 


LbOOVICUS  BfACKUS 

£t  Tindictas  conjugis  augusUe 

Dotales  uribes 

ValidA  rounitioDf  cinxit, 

Et  hoc  yallam  civiiun  deliciis 

Deitinari  jussit^ 

Aono  R.  S.  H.  M.D.C.LXXD. 


The  front  towards  the  faubourg  was  much  more  richly 
ornamented.  Above  the  entablature  extended  an  attic, 
decorated  at  its  extremities  with  obelisks.  Between  the 
pilasters  were  two  niches  with  statues,  by  Francois  Ao- 
guier,  the  one  representing  Hope,  and  the  other  PnbKc 
Security;  above  and  on  each  side  was  a  ship,  similar  to 
that  borne  in  the  municipal  arms;  upon  a  bracket,  be- 
tween the  two  statues,  was  a  bronze  bust  of  the  king,  by 
VanopstaK  The  attic  over  the  central  arch  was  crowned 
by  the  arms  of  France  and  Navarre  in  the  midst  of  tro- 
phies of  arms;  and  in  the  tyolpanum  were  two  recumbent 
statues  representing  France  and  Spain  joining  hands,  and 
Hymen  standing  between  them,  to  indicate  the  union  of 
the  two  nations.  In  the  imposts  of  the  arch  were  alle- 
gorical figures  of  the  Seine  and  the  Mame.  Above  the 
principal  gate  was  a  black  marble  tablet  with  the  fi>Uow- 
ing  inscription : — 

Paci 
Victricibns  Ludorici  XIY. 

Armis, 

Felicibus  Annae  consiliis^ 

Aiigustis  Maris  ThereMS  nuptib. 


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Ar%C  DE  TRIOMPHE  DU  TRONE.  T3 

Assiduis  Julii  cardinalis  Mazarini 

Curis^ 

Portae,  fiindatae,  aeterDum 

Fiimatse, 

Prsefectus  urbis,  .£dilesque 

Sacravdre 

Anno  M.DC.LXX. 

Above  the  lateral  arches  was  inscribed — 

LUDOYICO  Magno, 
Prsefectus  et  JEdUes.  Anno  R.  S.  H.  1672. 


Quod  urbem  auzit,  ornaTit 
Locupletayit.  P.  C. 


This  gate  was  demolished  in  1778,  in  pursuance  of  an 
order  in  council  of  the  preceding  year. 


ARC  DE  TRIOMPHE  DU  TRONE. 

At  the  extremity  of  the  faubourg  Saint  Antoioe  is  a  cir- 
cular area  surrounded  by  trees,  which  took  the  name  of 
U  Trdne^  because  a  magnificent  throne  was  erected  there 
in  1660,  at  the  expense  of  the  city,  upon  which  Louis  XIV. 
and  his  queen  Maria  Theresa  received  homage  and  an 
oath  of  allegiance  from  their  subjects  on  the  6th  of  Au- 
gust of  the  same  year.  As  a  memorial  of  that  solemnity, 
Colbert  proposed  to  erect  a  triumphal  arch,  to  which  he 
had  a  further  inducement  in  the  circumstance,  that  it  was 
by  this  road  that  ambassadors  extraordinary  entered  the 
capital. 

The  municipality  of  Paris  offered  to  defray  the  expense, 
and  eminent  architects  and  artists  were  charged  to  pre- 
pare designs.  The  most  beautiful  were  presented  by  Le- 
brun,  Levau,  and  Charles  Perrault,  but  those  of  the  latter 
were  preferred.  He  proposed  to  erect  a  mass  of  building 
one  hundred  and  forty-six  feet  in  breadth  by  one  hundred 
and  fifty  in  deyation,  pierced  by  three  arches,  and  orna- 


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7 'l  TRltMPUAL  ARCHES. 

incnted  with  a  range  of  Corinihiao  ooiumns,  io  pairs,  like 
those  of  the  colonnade  of  the  Louvre.  The  height  of  tbe 
arches  was  to  have  been  double  their  breadth.  Over  the 
lateral  arches  he  intended  to  place  bas-rdie&y  and  between 
each  pair  of  columns  would  hare  been  seen,  in  the  back 
ground,  medallions  representing  the  principal  actions  and 
conquests  of  Louis  XIV«  Dpon  the  entablatlit^  was  Io 
have  been  a  socle  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  cor- 
nice, and  serving  as  a  pedestal  for  slaives  and  trophies. 
Above  the  enlablaUir«  b«  proposed  to  erect  an  attic,  sur- 
mounted by  a  pedestal  and  an  equestrian  statue  of  the 
king.  The  front  of  the  attic  was  to  have  borne  an  in- 
scription between  ttvd  bas-reliefs,  and  that  of  the  pedestal 
to  have  been  ornamenled  with  the  royal  arms. 

Upon  the  adoption  of  Charles  Perrault*s  designs  his 
brother  Claude  was  appointed  surveyor,  and  Guittard  was 
chained  with  the  execution  ot  the  monument.  The  first 
stone  was  laid  on  the  6lh  of  August,  1670,  and  the  works 
made  rapid  progress  till  they  Reached  the  bases  of  the  co- 
lumns*  They  were  then  suspended,  and  it  was  determined 
to  finish  them  in  plaster*  Upon  the  death  of  Louis  XIV. 
the  regent  decreed  it^  demolition,  which  wds  carried  into 
effect  in  1716« 

Upon  iBserl{ltion6  being  proposed  for  thk  monument  a 
disputo  arose  among  the  Uterdti  of  fb^  time,  to  decide 
whether  they  efoght  fo  be  b  Latin  or  in  French.  The 
question  excited  considerable  interest,  and  several  volumes^ 
were  written  upon  the  subject. 

PORTE  OR  ARC  DE  TRIOMPHE  DE  SAINT  DENIS. 

This  iriimplMil  arch,  which  stands  upon  tbe  site  of  the 
PotUSaiM  Denis,  boMt  under  CtMt\e$  IX.  ,WAs  erected  by 
the  cky  of  Paris  m  1072,  after  the  designs  of^  Blondel,  Co 
perpeteate  the  rapid  victories  of  Louis  XIV.  h  k  sercdi^- 


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PORTE  SAINT  DENIS.  75 

Iwo  reel  in  h^ht.  The  principal  ftrch  is  twenty-five  feet 
wide  and  forty-three  in  hei^t»  and  in  the  piedroits  are 
two  arches»  fiveXeet  wide  by  ten  in  height.  Over  the  la- 
teral arches  are  pyramids  in  bas-relief^  which  rise  to  the 
entablature,  and  are  surmounted  by  globes  bearing  fleurs- 
iU-fys  and  crowns. 

Towards  the  oity»  omf  bas-^relief  repfesenls  Holland, 
under  ihe  colosaal  %ui«  of  a  terrified  womaBi  tftttng  upon 
B  dead  lion,  who  holds  in  one  pa«r  a  broken  sword,  and  in 
the  other  an  inverted  qniyer  of  broken  arrows.  On  the 
other  appears  the  Rhine^  in  the  person  of  a  vigorous  man, 
amkten  with  astonishment,  leaning  upon  a  rudder,  and 
holding  a  cornucopia.  On  the  side  towards  the  faubourg, 
the  pyramids  rest  upon  lions  eaudumB.  Trophies  of  arms, 
which  ornament  the  tutir  pyramids,  are.  of  exquisite  work- 
manship. Above  the  arch  ^s  a  la^relief,  representing 
Louis  XrV.  on  horseback,  crossing  the  Rhine ;  on  the 
frieze,  in  bronze  letters,  is — 

LuDonco  Magno. 

The  bas-relief  of  the  opposite  side  represents  the  taking 
of  Mnesfricht.  In  the  spandrtis  of  the  arch  are  figures  of 
Fame. 

Girardon  waa  at  first  charged  with  the  sculpture,  but 
being  caHed  to  Venailles,  it  was  executed  by  Michael  An- 
guier.  . 

Upon  tablets  placed  under  the  pedestals  of  the  py- 
ramids are  four  inscriptions,  hy  Blondel.  On  the  right, 
towards  the  city — 

Quad  diabM  fix  aexagiata 

RLeaun,  Wahdim,  Moaaro,  Isalan,  tuparavit. 

Subyscit  proTineias  U*es ; 

Cspit  urbes  munitas  quadraginta* 

On  the  lift— 

EnieDdatd  maU  mcmori  Batavorum  gcntc. 

Praef.  et  /Fdil.  poni  CC. 

Anno  D.  M.DC.LXXII. 


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7G  TMUMPflAL  ARGUES. 

Oo  the  right  y  towards  the  faubourg : — 

Prsef.  et  JEdil.  poni  GC 
Anno  R.S.H.  M.DG.LXXH^ 

On  the  left  :— 

Quod  tra)ectum  ad  Motam 
Xm  diebus  cspit. 

These  inscriptions  were  effaced  during  the  reTolulion, 
in  consequence  of  their  being  inaij^lting  to  Holland;  but 
the  arch  having  fidlen  into  decay,  it  was  repaired  in  1807, 
under  the  direction  of  CcUerier,  and  the  inscriptions  were 
restored. 

In  the  vicinity  of  this  spot  sftood  a  fountain,  called  Fim^ 

tainc  de  Ponceau,  erected  in  1606,  under  the  prdvdU  of 

Francois  Miron.      Hpon   the  construction  of  the  Porte 

Saint  Denis  the  following  inscription,  by  Santeuil,  was 

placed  upon  its  tablet : — 

Njmpba  triumphilein  sublimi  fomice  portanv 
Admirata,  suis  gan-ula  plaudit  aquas. 

Since  the  revolution  the  fountain  has  been  rebuilt  in  a 
more  elegant  form. 

The  kings  and  queens  of  France  always  make  their  pub- 
lic entry  into  Paris  by  the  Porte  Saint  Denis.  Formerly  all 
the  streets  through' which  they  passed  to  Notre  Dame  were 
hung  with  tapestry,  commonly  surmounted  with  silk  stuff 
and  draps  camdoUs.  The  air  was  perfumed  with  scented 
water,  which,  as  well  as  wine,  hippocrass,  and  milk,  flowed 
frpm  the  different  fountains.  The  deputies  of  the  six  compa- 
nies  of  merchants  carried  the  canopy,  and  next  came  tlie 
companies  of  trades,  representing,  in  characteristic  cos- 
tumes, the  seven  mortal  sins,  the  seven  principal  virtues, 
and  death,  purgatory,' hell,  and  paradise.  At  certain  dis- 
tances were  orchestras  of  music,  and  stages  on  which  pan- 
tomimic actors  represented  subjects  from  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  smch  as  the  sacriiQcc  of  Abraham,  the 


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PORTB  SAINT  D2NIS.  77 

coHibat  of  David  and  Goliab,  Balaam's  Ass  opening  his 
mouth  to  rebuke  the  Pk^phet,  and  Shepherds  watching 
their  Flocks,  to  whom  the  Angel  announced  the  birth  of 
Christ. 

Froissard  relates  that,  at  the  entrance  of  Isabella  of  Ba- 
varia, there  was  in  the  rue  Saint  Denis,  h  la  portc  des 
Peintres*  a  sky  with  clouds  and  stars  very  richly  executed, 
above  which  appeared  the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy 
Ghost,  sitting  in  majesty.  In  this  heaven  were  placed 
some  chorister  children  in  the  form  of  angels,  who  sung 
melodiously.  When  the  queen,  in  her  open  litter,  passed 
under  the  gate,  two  angels  descended  from  paradise,  bear- 
ing a  rich  crown  of  gold  adorned  with  precious  stones, 
which  they  placed  on  her  majesty's  head,  singing — 

Dame  endose  entre  fleurs-doJys, 
Reine  ^tes^vous  de  Paradis, 
De  France  et  de  tout  le  pays, 
Nous  remontons  en  Paradis. 

In  speaking  of  the  entry  of  IsabeHa,  John  Juvenal  des 
Ursifis  says  that  ^*  Charles  VI.  wished  to  see  it,  and  said  to 
Savoisy,  bis  favourite,^'  Savoisy,  get onmy  good  horse, and 
I  will  get  up  behind  you,  and  we  will  disuse  ourselves,  and 
go  to  see  the  entry  of  my  wife.'  They  accordingly  went 
and  reached  the  GhHtelet  at  the  time  the  queen  was  pass- 
ing. The  crowd  was  great,  and  numerous  sergens  armed 
with  thick  sticks,  in  attempting  to  keep  back  the  crowd, 
struck  lustily  on  all  sides.  The  king  and  Savoisy  endea- 
voured to  get  nearer ;  but  the  sergens,  who  did  not  know 
them,  gave  them  many  hard  blows,  and  the  king  received 
some  on  his  shoulders.  The  adventure  was  told  at  court 
in  the  evening  in  the  presence  of  the  (tames  and  demoi- 
selles, who  were  greatly  amused  by  the  recital,  and  the 
king  himself  laughed  heartily."     The  next  day  the  hour- 

*  A  name  formerly  borne  by  the  Porte  Saint  Denis. 


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78  TRIUMPHAL  AK'CnES. 


acQordiog  lo  costoin,  carried  magnificeni 
larleB  YL,  and  kaTing  kneh  down,  said  to 
fr  a  noble  sire,  v&$  bomtgeoU  de  la  ville  de 
iienttfU  ces  joyaux.  They  were  ras^  of 
Qg  replied*  Grand  me^fci,  bannss  gens,  ils 
ci;^  a  riches.  They  afterwards  went  lo  the 
bear  and  a  unioam  offered  her  still  richer 
these  iimes  nothing  was  thought  so  inge- 
lerades  of  this  kind. 

'  of  Louis  XI.  in  14d2,  a  very  strange  ex- 
resented  : —  Dtvani  la  fimiaine  du  Pan- 
kuieurs  bsUss  fiUes  en  sjrr^nes,  toutes  nues, 
lsan$  voif  leurbeausein;chantaieni  depeiiis 
rates.  It  these  ceremooies  the  shouts  of  joy 
ition  was  nol  Five  U  Roi,  but  Noel,  Noet. 
>nian  hung  ia  France  was  executed  at  the 
r  Saint  Denis. 


IC  DB  TRIOMPHE  DE  SAINT  MARTIN. 

lial  aicb  was  erected  in  1674,  after  the  de- 

Bulfet^  a  pupil  of  Blondel,  architect  of  the 

nis.    It  is  fifty-four  feet  wide,  by  an  ele- 

four  feet  including  the  attic»  the  height  of 

A  feet.     It  is  pierced  by  three  arches ;  thai 

fifteen  feet  wide  by  thirty  in  elevation ;  the 

ire  eight  feet  in  wMth  by  sixteen  in  height. 

s  wrought  in  vermiculated  rustics  as  h^h  as 

I,  which  is  surmounted  by  an  attic  bearing 

iscriptions : 

city— 

f^DOTioo  Maamo 

resttntione  Sequanisque  bi^  rapt  is, 

Et  fractif  Ocnoanoimii, 


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PORTfi  SAINT  BERNARD.  79 

Hiifian^im  QMa?on»Miae  cxeroitflMis. 

Pra?f.  ^  JEda^  P.  C.G. 

Anqo  R.  S.  H,  M.p.C.LX5^1V. 

Towards  the  faubourg — 

Lupovico  Macho 

Quod  Limburgo  capto 

Impotentes  Hostium  minas  ubique  irepressit. 

IVef.  et  J^es  P.  GO. 

Anno  M.D.G.LXXY. 

In  the  spaces  between  the  imposts  and  the  entablature 
are  bas-rcliefe  by  Desjardins,  Marsy,  le  Hongre,  and  Le- 
gros>  relating  to  the  conquests  of  Louis  XIV.  In  one  of 
those  towards  the  city,  that  monarch  is  seen  sitting  upon 
his  throne,  having  at  his  ibet  the  allegorical  figure  of  a  na~ 
tion  kneeling,  which  stretches  forth  its  arms  to  him,  and 
presents  a  roll,  a  symbol  of  the  treaty  of  the  triple  alliance. 
The  other  bas-relief  represents  the  king  under  the  figure 
of  Hercules  leaning  upop  a  club,  and  treading  dead  bo- 
dies beneath  his  feet;  Victory,  descendiqg  fi*om  heaven, 
holds  palms  In  one  hand,  and  with  the  other  places  a 
crown  of  laurel  upon  the  king's  head.  This  forms  an  al- 
legory of  the  conquest  of  Franche  Gomt^. 

On  the  side  towards  the  faubourg  the  bas-reliefe  repre- 
sodlX  the  capture  ef  limbourg,  and  the  defeat  of  the  Ger- 
mans. Between  the  consoles  of  the  entablature  ar^  various 
attributes  of  the  military  art,  and  in  the  centre  is  the  sun, 
which  Louis  XIV.  took  for  his  emblem. 

In  1819  and  1820  this  arch  underwent  considerable 
repair. 

POHTE  OR  ARC  DE  TRIOMPHE  DE  SAINT  BERNARD. 

This  gate  was  etected  ip  167&,  after  tho  de^ns  of 
Blondel,  ^pop  the  site  of  the  ancient  city  gate  called  la 
Toumelh.     It  consist.^  of  two  arches  of  equal  dinnen- 


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80  mUMPUAL  ARCHES. 

sions^  having  both  fronU  adorned  with  bas-reliefe.  In 
that  next  the  city  Louis  XIV.  appeared  seated  upon  bi> 
throne,  in  the  costume  of  a  Grecian  hero»  with  a  large 
court  wig»  whose  curls  covered  his  shoulders.  From  sea- 
gods  he  was  receiving  presents,  which  he  distributed  to  the 
city  of  Paris,  represented  by  a  woman  kneeling  at  his  feet, 
in  the  act  of  supplication.  Upon  a  tablet  above  the  has* 
relief  was  the  following  inscription : — 

LUDOTICO  Macno 

Abimdantia  parta. 

Pnefectus  et  JEdiles  P.  CC.  aD.  R.  S.  H.  MDCLXXIY . 

The  bas-relief  towards  the  faubourg  represented  Louis 
XrV.  in  a  similar  costume,  standing  upon  the  stem  of  a 
vessel  in  full  sail,  urged  forward  by  Naiads  and  Tritons. 
The  inscription  on  this  side  was: — 

LcDoirico  Magmi 

ProTidendfle. 

Prasfectus  et  £diles  P.  CC.  an.  R.  S.  H.  MDCLXXIY. 

The  arches  of  this  monument,  which  were  only  about 
thirteen  feet  wide,  being  found  insufficient  for  the  public 
thorough&re,  it  was  demolished  in  1792. 

ARC  DE  TRIOMPHE  DE  LA  PLACE  DU  CARROUSEL. 

(See  Vol.  IL  p.  82.) 


ARC  DE  TRIOMPHE  DE  L'feTOILE. 
This  unfinished  monument  stands  in  a  spacious  circular 
area  without  the  barrier  de  t^ioiU.  It  was  begun  at  the 
expense  of  the  city  of  Paris  in  1806,  to  commemorate 
Napoleon's  triumph  over  Russia,  and  his  alliance  with 
the  emperor  Alexander  at  Tilsit.  It  was  continued  in 
1810  to  commemorate,  first,  his  conquest  of  Austria, 
and  then  his  alliance  with  the  Austrian  Imperial  house. 


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AIG  0£  TRIOMPIIE  DB  L^iiTOILE.  81 

The  designs  of  it  were  by  ChalgriD,  and  the  first  stone  was 
laid  August  16, 1806« 

It  had  scarcely  risen  aboTe  the  ground  when,  on  the 
1st  of  April,  ISiO,  Maria  Louisa,  daughter  of  the  emperor 
of  Austria,  whose  marriage  with  Napoleon  had  been  cele- 
brated by  proxy  on  the  7th  of  February  preceding,  made 
her  public  entry  into  Paris.  To  do  her  honour  and  conyey 
a  high  idea  of  the  magnificence  of  the  French  capital,  an 
immense  frame  was  constructed  and  covered  with  painted 
canyas,  to  represent  the  arch  in .  its  full  dimensions  and 
splendour. 

The  difficulty  in  obtaining  a  solid  foundation  for  the 
immense  weight  of  this  monument  retarded  its  progress, 
and  incurred  great  expense.  According  to  the  plan,  it 
would  haye  been  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  feet  in 
height.  Its  breadth  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  feet, 
and  its  thickness  sixty-eight.  The  arch  would  have  been 
eighty-seyen  feet  high ;  its  breadth  is  forty-five.  Two 
transversal  arches,  already  finished,  form  an  opening  which 
intersects  that  of  the  principal  arch.  They  arc  twenty-six 
feet  wide  and  fifty  in  elevation. 

This  monument  is  of  the  most  beautiful  fresh-water  lime 
stone  from  Chliteau-Landon.  iBight  years  continual  labour 
were  devoted  to  it,  and  it  was  to  have  been  adorned  with 
trophies  of  arms,  inscriptions,  and  basHreliefi. 

In  i8i&  the  works  were  discontinued  and  the  scaffold- 
tog  removed;  but  in  1823,  upon  the  final  success  of  the 
French  army  in  Spain  under  his  royal  highness  the  duke 
of  Angoul^me,  the  king  issued  an  ordinance,  dated  Octo- 
ber 10,  for  their  immediate  termination.  Preparations  to 
execute  this  decree  commenced  three  days  after,  and  the 
works  are  now  in  active  progress. 

When  this  monument  is  finished  it  will  form  one  of  the 
most  majestic  ornaments  of  Paris.     The  arch  itself  will 
VOL.  in.  F 


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82  TKICMPHAL  AKCHIS. 

be  more  gigantic  than  any  one  of  the  kind  hitherto  erect- 
ed, and  nothing  can  be  more  commanding  than  the  situa- 
tion in  which  it  is  placed,  or  more  magnificent  than  the 
Tiew  of  which  it  forms  a  part*  Rising  on  the  height  which 
terminates  the  ayenuc  of  Neuilly,  at  the  western  extremity 
of  the  capital,  it  presents  a  striking  boundary  of  the  Tiew 
from  the  gardens  of  the  Tuileries  and  the  Champs  ^lysto. 
If  it  were  possible,  every  trayeiler  should  enter  Paris  by 
this  route.  On  reaching  the  eminence  upon  which  the 
arch  is  placed,  every  thing  that  is  grand  m  the  French 
capital  meets  the  eye;  and  from  thence  to  the  Place 
Louis  XV.,  the  gardens  and  palace  of  the  Tuileries,  the 
Louyre,  the  cathedral  of  Notre  Dame,  the  Palais  Bourbon, 
the  gilded  dome  of  the  Hdtel  des  Inyalides,  etc.  present  an 
assemblage  of  objects  unequalled  by  any  capital  of  Eu- 
rope. 


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CHAP.  XL 


The  immense  works  uiid  ertaken  in  various  ftges  by  the 
governmentsof  different  countries  to  supplythe  inhabitants 
of  krge  lowns  with  water,  and  thus  provide  for  one  of  the 
most  indispensable  necessities  of  life»  is  a  subject  not 
without  interest.  Unquestionably,  wh^n  a  tribe  is  small, 
and  the  territory  they  occupy  ioconsiderAIe,  the  river 
upon  the  banks  of  which  they  invariably  establish  them- 
selves aflbrds  them  an  ample  supply  of  water  ;  but  when 
the  population  and  riches  of  a  city  increase,  and  its 
bounds  are  extended,  it  is  no  longer  possible  for  itshifaa- 
bitants  to  go  to  the  river  for  water  without  extreme  fatigue 
and  a  great  loss  of  time. 

The  Romans,  during  more  t^n  four  hundred  years, 
were  contented  with  the  yellow  turbid  w^er  of  the  Tiber; 
but  in  the  fifth  c^tury  from  t^e  foundation  of  Rome, 
their  oiagistrates  brought  from  (he  adjaceiit  mountai|is,*at 
a  great  expense,  the  water  of  copious  springs  and  even 
whole  rivers.* 

*  Ab  urbe  condita  per  annos  CCCGXLI  contentl  fuerunt  Bomani 
asu  aqtiarum  quas  aut  ex  Tiberi,  aut  ex  piiteis,  «ut  ex  fontibus  bau- 


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84  RIVERS^  ETC. 

Paris  also,  whilst  circumscribed  within  the  narrow  H- 
mtts  of  a  small  ishmd,  had  no  other  water  than  what  the 
Seine  supplied.  But  when  the  victorious  Romans  h^ 
it  beneath  their  sway,  they  covered  the  adjacent  fields 
with  edifices,  exacted  from  the  surrounding  springs  ihe 
tribute  of  their  waters,  and  constructed  that  inmimise 
aqueduct  *  of  which  some  vestiges  may  still  be  seen. 

The  means  employed  from  the  earliest  period  to  seam 
to  lai^  towns  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  may  be  reduced 
to  the  following— aqueducts,  canals,  cisterns,  reservoin, 
and  hydraulic  machines. 

The  ancients  generally  employed  the  two  former. 
Although  well  acquainted  with  mechanics^  it  does  not 
appear  that,  they  osed  machines  to  elevate  the  water  of 
rivers  above  their  level,  and  afterwards  distribute  it  on 
lower  grounds.  Hydraulic  machines  must  have  been 
regarded  as  superfluous  by  men  who  did' not  hesitate  to 
seek  water  at  the  dbtance  of  sixty  miles,  and  conirey  H  to 
their  towns  by  «ueans  of  canals,  sometimes  subterranean, 
but  more  frequently  supported  by  arches  in  double  and 
triple  stoceys.  ^ 

Wherever  the  Romans  established  their  dominion  they 
constructed'aqueducts,  and  the  remains  of  some  are  still 
to  be  seen  without  the  walls  of  several  cities  in  Italy 
and  ancient  Gaul,  extending  far  into  the  adjacent  coun- 
try. These  remain  as  so  many  monuments  of  the  power 
of  the  nation  who  executed  them,  of  the  character  of 
grandeur  which  they  gave  to  their  works,  and  the  high 
degree  of  civilisation  they  bad  attained* 

It  appears  that  in  Greece,  where  (he  aAs  of  tbe  imagina- 

riebant Nunc  in  urbem  inflotiDt  aqn»  Appise,  Ana 

Veliis,  Martia,  etc.^.^.  /.  Prontuu  de  Aqumdw^^bus  wiis  Romte^ 
Kb.  I. 
*  AqiMduc  d'Arcaetl.  , 


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niVERS,  BTC.  85 

lion  were  so  successful!  j  cultivated,  k  was  never  attempted 
to  bring  from  afar  the  water  necessary  for  the  inhabi- 
tants of  their  cities.  The  only  water  they  used  was  ob- 
tained from  cisterns,  fountains,  and  wells  within  their 
walls;  and  if  the  trayeller  to  that  classic  land  still  finds 
the  ruins  of  aqueducts,  they  most  probably  date  from  the 
period  when  the  Greeks  became  confounded  with  the 
Romans,  for  all  these  remains  are,  or  at  least  appear  to  be, 
of  Roman  construction. 

In  the  southern  provinces  of  Italy,  and  in  Greece, 
where  during  siunmer  the  rivers  are  dry,  fountains  and 
vast  cisterns,  in  which  rain-water  is  treasured  up,  fire 
indispensably  necessary  to  prevent  a  scarcity  in  the  sultry 
season.  Thus  in  those  countries  we  find  grand  and  nu- 
merous remaiiis  of  spacious  reservoirs,  whilst  as  we  re- 
trograde towards  the  north,,  they  are  more  rare,  because 
less  necessary. 

Canals  are  merely  aqueducts  sunk  in  the  earth,,  which 

serve  either  to  unite  two  rivers  or  to   convey'  water  to 

towns,  and  may  be  made  navigable  by  giving  them  a 

sufficient  breadth   and   depth.     They   were  among  the 

most  mi^nificent  works  of  the  ancients,  and  the  mere 

nomenclature   of  those  mentioned  by  different  authors 

would  fill  several   pages  ;^  but  at  present  scarcely  any 

traces  of  them  reif  ain.     It  seems  as  if  indignant!  nature, 

upon  resuming  her   empire,  strove  to  efface  from  her 

*  In  large  geograplucal  dictionaries  and  encyclopedias  may  be 
ibimd  the  names  of  the  most  celebrated  canaU  execated  by  ihe 
indents  in  the  three  parts  of  the  world  then  known.  Ib  Asia^ 
are  mentioned  the  canal  of  Euphrates,  the  royal  canal  above  Baby- 
lon, the  canal  of  Nicodemia,  etc.  In  Africa,  the  mouths  of  the 
Mile,  the  lake  Moeris,  dug  (according  to  Herodotus)  by  the  hand  of 
man ;  the  canal  of  Alexandria,  that  of  the  Red  Sea,  etc.  In  Eurq)e,  . 
the  canal  of  the  Po,  that  of  Augustus  at  Ravenna,  the  canals  of 
Etnuria,  diose  of  the  Bfarais-Pontins,  Trajan*s  canal,  the  canal  of 
Marius  in  Gaul,  the  canal  between  the  Sadne  and  the  Mosdle,  etc. 


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8G  ElVERS. 

bosom  the  marks  of  Tiolalion.  Of  the  namerous  ancient 
canals  executed  in  different  countries  with  so  much  labovr 
and  expense,  there  exists  nothing  except  sterile  and  pesti- 
lential marshes. 

The  yarious  means  employed  by  the  ancients  to  convey 
water  have  been  adopted  by  the  modems  with  greater 
or  less  success.  If  the  aqueducts  of  the  latter  are  less 
substantial  and  numerous,  it  is  because  they  have  machines 
to  eleyate  the  water  of  rivers,  which  dispense  with  the 
necessity  of  seeking  it  at  so  great  a  distance.  Bat  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  aqneducts  geoux  the  most  simple  and 
easy.  In  Paris,  aqueducts  and  hydraulic  machines  are 
employed  conjointly  to  supply  the  fountains  ;  and  a  canals 
now  nearly  finished,  promises  to  afford  tenfold  the  quan- 
tity of  water  previously  possessed. 

Before  we  proceed  to  a  description  of  the  fountains, 
we  shall  glance  at  the  various  modes  of  supply,  beginning 
with  the 

RIVERS. 

Paris  is  watered  by  two  rivers,  namely  the  Seine  and  the 
Bii^vre.  Formerly  there  was  a  rivulet  which  rose  at  Mh- 
nilmontant,  and  after  flowing  through  the  faubourgs  Saiol 
Martin  and  Saint  Denis,  and  passing  behind  the  Grange- 
Bateli^re,  by  the  Ville-rfiv^uc,  and  below  the  village  of 
Roule,  emptied  itself  into  the  Seine  at  the  quay  De 
Billy,  below  Ghaillot.  The  waters  of  this  rivulet  were 
undoubtedly  absorbed  by  the  quarries  opened  beneath  its 
bed,  which  now  forms  a  common  sewer,  called  le  grand 
igout  de  la  vilU. 

The  Seinb  rises  in  the  forest  of  Chancean,  two  leagaes 
firom  Sainl-Scinr,  in  the  dopartment  of  the  Cfite-d'Or; 
and  after  collecting  the  tributary  waters  of  the  Yonne,  the 
Yerres,  and  the  Marno,  passes  through  Paris,  below  which 


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THE  SKINE.  87 

it  receives  the  Oise  and  some  less  considerable  streams , 
and  falls  into  the  Ocean  between  Havre  and  Honfleur.  In 
passing  through  Paris  its  direction  is  firom  south-east 
to  north-west,  and  upon  leaving  the  capital  it  takes  a 
winding  course  towards  the  south- west.  Its  length  from 
the  barrier  de  la  Rap^  to  the  barrier  of  Passy  is  eight 
thousand  two  hundred 'and  eight  yards. 

The  Seine  divides  Paris  into  two  oneqoal]  parts,  and  is 
itself  divided  by  three,  islands ,'^namely/ the' Isle  Louriers, 
which  serves  merely] for  wo«d-yards  ;*aBd  the  Isles  Saint 
Louis  and  de  la  Cit6,  which  are  inhabited.  There  existed 
formerly  two  ^  smaller  iriands  which  have  been  united  to 
that  de  la  Cit^\*  and  a  third,  calledjsle  Maquerelle  or  des 
Cygnes,  which  is  now  joined  to  the  river's  bank.  Its 
course,  upon  an  avera^,*between*the  Pont  Neuf  and  the 
Pont  Royal,  is'about  two  miles^^an  hour. 

The  height  of  the  Seine  is  measured  by  a  scale  upon  one 
of  the  piers  of  the  Pont  de  la  Toumelle,  the  Pont  Royal, 
and  the  Pont  Louis  XVI.;  and  is  reckoned  from  the  low- 
water  mark*of  the  year  1719.  It  was  not  till  the  reign  of 
Louis  XrV.  that  observations  upon  the  variations  in  the 
height  of  the  Seine  were  made  by  accurate  measurement. 

In  1651  the  river  rose^  twenty-four  feet  eleven  inches 
above  the  low-water  mark  of  1719« 

In  1768,  when  the  pent  Marie  was  carried  away,  its  ele- 
vation was  twenty  feet  nine  inches. 

In  1663,  it  was  twenty-four  feet  nine  inches. 

In^l698,  twenty  feet. 

In  1711,  twenty^four  feet  nine  inches. 

In  1719,  1788,  and  1740,*  twenty-four  feet  three 
inches. 

*  Dulaure,  in  his  Histoire  de  Pans^  Vol.  I.,  p.  4,  says:—**  I 
We  before  me  a  duodecimo  volume,  much  damaged,  entitled  Les 


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88 


BITBRS. 


In  176i»  twenty-two  feet  three  inches. 
In  176&,  twentj-one  feet  three  inches. 
In  1709  and  1802^  twenty-four  feet  two  inches. 
The  breadth  of  the  Seine  is  very  unequal,  as  will  be 
from  the  following  table  : — 


At  the  Pont  da  Jardin  du  Roi,  entire  breadth 
At  the  Pont  de  la  Toumelle,  small  arm 
At  the  Pont  Saint-Michel,  ditto 

At  the  Pont^Marie,  great  arm 

At  the  Pont  Notre-Dame,      dhto     .    . 
At  the  Pont  au  Change,         ditttf     .     . 
Below  the  Pont-Neuf ,  where  the  two  arms  mute 
At  the  Pont  des  Arts,  entire  breadth 

At  the  Pont-Royal,  ditto 

At  the  Pool  Louis  XVl.,  ditto 

At  the  Pont  des  luTalides,  ditto 


Yards. 

184 

106 

54 

.      91 

.    406 

.    406 

.    292 

.    456 

.     93 

,    462 

451 


Preyious  to  the  construction  of  quays  the  Seine  fre- 
quently overflowed  its  banks,  by  which  the  bridges  over 
it  were  carried  away,  and  great  damage  occasioned. 

The  following  lines  on  the  Seine  are  by  the  celebrated 
Latin  poet  Santeuil,  a  monk  of  the  abbey  of  Saint 
Victor  :*— 

Sequana,  cum  primum  regimB  allaHtor  orbi, 

Tardat  prttcipites  ambitiosas  aqoas ; 
Captus  amore  loci,  cursom  ofaiimcitar,  anoeps 

Quo  fluat,  et  dulces  rectit  in  orbe  moras^ 
Turn  Tarlos  implens  fluctu  subeunte  canalcs, 

Fons  fieri  gaadet  qui  modo  flumen  erat. 

AntUiuitds,  Fondalions,  Singularity  des  FiUes,  ChAiemtx  ib 
Rojrautne,  printed  in  4605,  which  had  a  singtdar  adrentnre  doriag 
the  inundation  of  4740.  In  the  corar  of  this  toIoom  is  the  ibllow> 
ing  manuscript  note :  —  ^  Ce  Uvre  a  M  trouv^y  en  4740,  Si  tem^i 
des  grosses  eaux,  Veau  ^Utit  si  haute  quelle  allaitfusqu^au  demxiime 
Hage  sur  le  quai  de  la  Porte  Saint  Bernard.  Ce  UvreJIotiait  sar 
teau;  ilentraparlafenitrede  chet  Monenque^  ugoA  Liaoau.*' 

*  See  Vol  I.,  p.  235. 


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THE  BlivRE.  89 

When  to  the  queen  of  cities  comes  the  Seine, 

His  rapid  waters  hurrying  to  the  main^ 

He  checks  his  course,  and  now,  forgetful,  seems 

Doubtful  which  way  to  guide  his  wandering  streams ; 

Struck  with  aflfection  for  the  spot,  he  plays 

With  lingering  fondness  through  .its  streets  and  ways ; 

While,  with  refreshing  tides  each  part  supplied, 

He  sports  a  fountain  who  a  stream  did  glide. 

The  Bi^YBK^  which  derives  its  name  from  a  village  near 
Versailles  where  it  takes  its  rise»  eaters  Paris  by  the  bou- 
levard des  Gobelins »  after  a  course  of  about  eight  leagues. 
It  traverses  the  ftiuboui^s  Saint  Marcel  and  Saint  Victor, 
and  its  waters,  completely  defiled  by  the  numerous  tan- 
yards,  breweries,  and  dyeing  establishments  upon  its 
banks,  empty  themselves  into  the  Seine  at  the  quay  de 
I'HdpitaL 

Although  only  about  tei  of 

this  river  has  several  times  the 

faubourgs  through  which  i  in- 

dation  took  place,  which  i  — 

•'  In   the  night  of  Wedn  of 

Saint  Marceau,  being  swoln  by  the  rain  which  fell 
during  several  preceding  days,  rose  fourteen  or  fifteen 
feet  above  its  usual  level,  carried  away  several  mills, 
walls  and  houses,  drowned  many  persons  who  were 
taken  by  surprise  in  their  houses  and  beds,  destroyed  a 
great  number  of  cattle,  and  did  infinite  damage.  On  the 
next  and  several  following  days,  the  Parisians  flocked  in 
crowds  to  behold  the  effects  of  this  catastrophe.  The  water 
rose  to  such  a  pitch  of  elevation,  that  it  flowed  into  the 
church  and  even  to  the  high  altar  of  the  Cordeli^res  of 
Saint-Marceau,  ravaging  like  a  torrent  in  great  fury ;  how- 
ever, it  did  not  continue  longer  than  about  thirty  hours.*' 

The  water  of  the  l&iftvre  is  considered  excellent  for 
dyeing.* 

*  See  Manufacture  Bojruk  des  Gobelins  ^  p.  1.. 


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90 

AQVBDVCT8. 
AQUfeDUC  D'ARCUEIL. 

Arcueil  is  a  village  two  leagues  to  the  south  of  Paris, 
which  evidently  derived  its  name  from  the  arches  that 
supported  the  Roman  aqueduct,  erected  over  the  valley 
formed  hy  the  course  of  the  Bifevre,  for  the  conveyance  of 
water  to  the  Palais  des  Thermos.*  Part  of  this  ancient 
constniction,.  consisting  of  two  arches  substantially  baill, 
still  exists  near  the  modern  aqueduct 

The  scarcity  of  water  in  the  southern  part  of  Paris  was 
more  particularly  felt  after  Marie  de  M6dicis  huilt  the  pa- 
lace of  the  Luxembourg,  and  the  population  increased  in 
that  quarter.  A  project  formed  by  Henry  IV.  of  re-es- 
tabliahing  the  Roman  aqueduct  to  convey  the  waters  of 
Rungis  to.  Paris,  was  therefore  renewed.  In  1612,  Jo- 
seph Aubry  was  ordered  to  present  a  plan  and  estimate; 
but  the  latter  was  so  exorbitant  that  his  proposals  were 
rejected.  Hugues  Crosnier  offered  to  bring  to  Paris  thirty 
inches  of  water,f  eighteen  for  the  king  and  twelve  for  the 
city,  for  the  sum  of  718,000  livres,  reserving  to  himself 
all  the  water  above  thirty  inches.  The  enterprise,  how- 
ever, was  adjudged  to  Jean  Coing,  who  agreed  to  execute 
it  for  the  sum  of  460,000  livres.  On  the  17th  of  July, 
1618,  Louis  XIII.  and  the  queen  regent,  his  mother,  in 
great  pomp,  laid  tha  first  stone  of  the  aqueduct,  which 
was  built  after  the  designs  of  Desbrosses,  and  finished  in 
1624. 

This  aqueduct,  which  extends  across  the  valley  of  Ar- 
ceuil  upon  twenty-five  arches,  seventy-two  feet  in  height 
by  twelve  hundred  in  length,  presents  a  magnificent  mass 
of  building.     Its  total  length,  from  Arcueil  to  the  Ckd- 

*  See  Vol.  n.,  p.  127. 

+  An  ioch  of  walcr  (pouce  (Tcau)  is>  llic  quantity  whicli  flun* 
through  ui  orifice  roeasiuing  a  square  inch. 


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AQuiDUC  DE  BEUEVIUE.  91 

Uau  d^Eau^  near  the  Observatory,  is  thirteen  thousand 
two  hundred  yards. 

In  1661,  the  volume  €f  water  was  increased  twenty-four 
inches,  an.d  this  fresh  supply  was  called  le$  nouvelUs  eaux 
d'ArcueiL  *^ 

It  unfortunately  happened  <hat  part  of  the  aqueduct 
was  b41t  over  quarries  long  before  abandoned  and  foi^ot- 
ten.  For  more  than  a  eentury  nO  idconvenience  was  ex- 
perienced, but,  in  1777,  the  percolation  of  water  was  so 
great  that  the  fountains  it  supplied  became  dry.  The 
aqueduct  was  then  thoroughly  repaired  at  an  immense 
expense. 


AQU1^DUC<1?E  BELLEVILLE. 

The  viljage  of  Belleville,  situated  at  a  short  distance 
north  of  Paris,  stands  on  a  hill  abounding  in  springs,  which 
supply  a  considerable  quantity  of  water  to  the  capital. 
The  aqueduct  by  which  it  is  conveyed  is  one  of  the  most 
ancient  in  the  vicinity,  having  been  built  in  the  reign  of 
Philip  Augustus.  It  first  supplied  the  fountain  Maubu6e, 
and  as  early  as  1244,  furnished  water  to  the  abbey  of 
Saint-Martin-des-Ghamps.  This  aqueduct  was  substaq-. 
tially  built  of  stone^  but  having  fallen  into  decay,  it  was 
repaired  in  1467,  by  order  of  the  prSvdtdes  marchands, 
as  appears  by  the  following  inscription  over  one  of  the 
outlets : — 

Entre  les  mois  (hien  me  remembrc) 

De  mai  et  celui  de  noyembre, 

Cinquante-sept  mil  quatre  cents, 

Qu'  ettoit  lors  pr^rost  des  marchands 

De  Paris,  honorable  homme, 

Maistre  Mat^eu,  qai  en  somme 

Estoit  suraomm^  de  Nautcrre, 

£t  que  Galic,  maistre  Pierre, 

Sire  Philippe  aussi  Lallemant,  ' 


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92  AQUEDCCTS. 

Le  bieo  public  fort  aimaot, 

Sire  Biichel  qu*en  tumom 

Ayoit  (Tune  granche  le  nom, 

£t  Sire  Jacques  dit  Hacqu^¥0e, 

Le  biea  d^sirant  de  la  yille, ' 

Estoient  d*icelle  escherins ; 

Firenl  trop  plus  de  quatre  ^iogts 

£t  seize  toises  de  ceste  oeurre  « 

Refaire  en  brief  temps  H  h^re  $ 

CSar  si  brieremeBt  ot\  ne  Vmut  fait 

La  fontaine  tarie  estoit. 

In  1602»  tlie  Aquidue  de  BellevUU  was  thoroughly 
repaired  by  order  of  Henry  lY^,  and  the  expense  de- 
frayed by  an  frilditional  duty  upon  the  wine  which  entered 
Paris.  Under  Louis  XTV.  the  Toluikie  of  water  furnished 
by  this  aquedupt  was  only  eight  inches.    ^ 


AQUfiDUC  DE  SAINT  GERVAIS." 

By  this  aqueduct  the  water  from  the  heights  of  Ro- 
mainville,  Bruy^res,  and  M^nilmontant  flows  into  a  reser- 
voir in  the  village  of  Pr^-Saint-Gervais,  from  whence  it  is 
conveyed  to  Paris  by  leaden  pipes.  The  period  of  its  con- 
struction is  unknown ;  but  it  certainly  existed  as  early  as 
the  thirteenth  century,  since,  in  1266,  Saint  Louis  granted 
to  the  PilUi'Dieu  of  the  rue  Saint  Denis  pari  of  the 
water  which  it  supplied  to  the  fountain  Saint  Laxare. 

This  aqueduct  was  repaired  by  command  of  Henry  IV. 
at  the  same  time  as  that  of  Belleville. 


CANAL  DE  L'OURCQ. 

The  difficulty  of  supplying  the  public  fountains  by  nu- 
chines  requiring  frequent  repair  gave  birth,  at  different 
periods,  to  proposals  for  obtaining  water  by  means  more 
simple  and  natural.     In  1762,  M.  de  Parcieux,  a  member 


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CANAL  DE  l'oURCQ.  93 

of  the  Academy  of  the  Sciences,  formed  the  project  of 
erecting  an"  aqueduct  to  convey,  to  Paris  the  water  of  the 
Yvefte,  which  rises  ,near  Dampierre»  and  falls  into  the 
river  Orge  at  Savigny.  The  volume  thus  obtained  was  to 
have  been  carried  to  a  reservoir  nearly  sixteen  feet  above 
the  aqueduct  of  Arcueil^  and  would  have  been  five  times 
as  great  as  that  of  all  the  aqueducts  and  hydraulic  ma- 
chines previously  existing  in  the  capital.  , 

The  project  was  renewed  in  1775,  by  Messrs.  Perronet 
and  de  Ghezy,  and  its  utility  shewn  by  accurate  plans  and 
calculations;  hut  the  embarrassment  of  the  public  finances- 
prevented  its  adoption. 

In  1782,  M.  Defer  de  la  Noverre  modified  the  plan, 
and  offered  to  advance  for  its  exeoution  the  sum  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  Uvres,  which,  he  cal- 
culated, would  enable  him  to  bring  to  Paris  five  hun- 
dred inches  of  water.  His  proposals  were  adopted,  and 
he  was  authorised  to  construct  the  canal  de  FYvette, 
of  which  the  course  vras  marked  put  in  178^ ;  but  the  op- 
position of  the  proprietors  of  lands  through  which  it  was 
to  pass,  and  the  disputes  which  arose  between  the  Canal 
and  the  Steam-Engine  Companies^  arrested  the  progress 
of  the  undertaking,  and,  upon  the  revolution  breaking  put, 
the  scheme  was  abandoned. 

Another  project  was  presented  in  1786,  by  M.  Brull^, 
tlie  object  of  which  was  rather  to  form  a  communication 
between  the  Seine  and  thoOise,  than  to  furnish  water  to 
the  fountains  of  Paris.  It  consisted  in  the  opening  of  a 
navigable  canal  between  the  Seine  and  the  Beuvronne,  a 
small  river  on  the  Aorth-eUst  of  Paris,  which  falls  into  the 
Name  near  the  village  of  Anet.  The  plan  was  renewed 
in  1790,  and  its  execution  authorised  by  a  decree  of  the 
Constituent  Assembly  f  but  the  political  events  of  that  pe- 
riod prevented  its  execution! 


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J)4  AQUEDUCTS. 

This  project  give  birth  to  tho  idea  of  opening  a  com* 
municatioo  between  the  Seine  and  the  Ourcq. '  In  4799, 
Messrs.  Solage  and  Bossu  proposed  to  bring  to  Pari9  ihc 
water  of  the  latter  rirer,  which,  they  calculated,  would 
supply  two  thousand  inches,  or  forty-four  thousand  hogs- 
heads, b  twenty-four  hours.  The  proposal,  however,  was 
rejected  as  impracticable. 

On  tho  29th  Floral,  an  X.  (May  19,  1802),  a  decree 
was  issued,  which  set  forth : — **  II  sera  ouvert  un  canal 
dc  (Urivatian  de  la  rivUre  tVOurcq,  qui  amenera  cMc 
rivUre  dans  un  bassinpris  de  la  FilletU.**  On  the  25lh 
Thermidor  following  another  decree  appeared,  which  fixed 
the  1st  Vend^miaire,  an  XI.  (September,  1802),  for  its 
commencement,  assigned  the  necessary  funds  out  of  the 
receipts  at  the  barriers  of  Paris,  and  charg^  the  prefect 
of  the  department  with  the  chief  direction,  and  the  en- 
gineers des  pants  e$  chaussies  with  iU  execution. 

After  the  commencement  of  the  canal  several  delays 
look  place  at  different  periods;  and  in  1814  the  works 
were  entirely  suspended.  In  1818,  the  municipal  body 
of  Paris  were  authorised  by  a  special  law  to  borrow  seven 
million  firancs  to  finish  the  canal,  the  completion  of  which 
was  undertaken  by  Messrs.  Saint  Didier  and  Vassal.  Sinc<^ 
that  period  the  works  have  rapidly  advanced. 

The  objects  for  which  this  canal  has  been  opened  are 
to  convey  to  a  spacious  basin  water,  for  the  supply  of  (he 
inhabitants  of  the  capital  and  the  fountains  which  embel- 
lish it;  to  establish  a  communication  between' the  river 
Ourcq  and  Paris ;  to  form,  on  the  north  of  the  eity,  a  canal 
composed  of  two  navigable  branches,  the  one  extending 
from  the  Seine  at  Saint  Denis  to  tho  basin,  and  the  other 
from  the  basin  to  the  Seine  at  the  Arsenal;  and  lastly,  to 
furnish  a  supply  of  water  to  i\k^  manufactories  of  the 
capital. 


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CANAL  D£  l'OUKCQ.  95 

The  TaribusJbranches  or  ranlSfications  of  this  canal  are 
known  by  the  names  of  the  Canal  dc  tOurcq,  the  Bauin 
dt  la  FUUue,  the  Aq%i6dac  de  €eitUure,  the  Canal  dt 
Saint-Martin,  the  Care  de  l^Anenal,  and  the  Canal  de 
Saint-Denis. 

The  Canal  de  VOuroq  jreoeives  the  water  of  the  Ourcq 
beyond  the  mill  of  Mareuil,  about  twenty-four  leagues 
firom  Parisy  and  after  collecting  the  streams-  of  the  CoUi- 
nance»  the  Gergogne,  the  Therouenne,  and  the  Beu- 
vronne,  falls  into  the  basin  de  la  Villette.  Its  volume,  ac- 
cording to  an  accurate  calculation,  is  eight  thousand  five 
hundred  and  ten  inches  during  Ax.  weeks  of  the  year, 
and  twelve  thousand  six  hundred  and  thirty-seven  inches 
during  the  remaining  forty-six. 

The  Bassin  de  la  Fillette,  situated  without  the  barrier 
de  Pantin,  between  the  Flanders  and  German  roads,  was 
begun  in  1806,  and  finished  in  1809.  It  forms  a  paralle- 
logram of  eight  hundred  and  eighty-nine  yards  by  eighty- 
nine,  and  is  bulk  of  solid  masonry.  The  waters  of  the 
Canal  de  COurcq  are  received  at  the  northern  extremity. 
The  axis  of  the  basin  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  elegant 
structUfgB  which  forms  the  custom-house  {bureau  d^oc- 
troi)  h%\Jim  barrier  de  Pantin,  and  its  banks  are  planted 
with  four  rows  of  trees. 

At  the  two  angles  of  the  southern  extremity  are  open- 
ings, which  supply  water  to  the  AquAdue  de  Ceinture  and 
the  Canal  de  Saint-Martin. 

The  Aquiduc  de  Ceinture  extends  from  the  western 
angle  of  the  hasin  as  far  as  Mouceaux,  encircling  Paris  on 
the  north.  Its  length  is  four  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
thirty-three  yards,  and  it  is  intended  to  supply  the  foun- 
tains of  the  capital  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine.  This 
aqueduct  sends  out  two  branches,  called  GaUrie  de  Saint 
Laurent  and  GaUrie  des  Martyrs^  from  whidi  the  wat^  i^ 


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96  AQUBDUCTS. 

eonyeyed  to  numerous  points  by  smaller  ramificationt  and 
cast-iron  pipes. 

The  Canal  de  SakU-Martm^  at  first  called  Canal  de 
Navigation^  communicates  between  the  eastern  angle 
of  the  basin  and  the  Garc  de  C Arsenal,  forming  a  course 
thirty-five  thousand  five  hundred  and  fifty-six  yards  in 
length.  It  is  constructed  of  solid  masonry,  and  the  sides 
are  skirted  with  haling-ways  and  trees.  This  canal  passes 
between  the  hospital  Saint  Louis  and  the  outer  boulerard, 
and»  after  trave'rsing  the  faubourg  du  Temple,  the  rue 
M^nilmontant,  and  the  rue  du  Chemin  Yert,  falls  into  the 
Care,  in  the  Place  de  la  Bastille. 

The  Canal  de  SainuMartin  with  that  of  Saint-Denis 
forms  a  communication  from  the  Seine  to  the  Seine. 

The  Care  de  C Arsenal,  formed  of  the  moat  of  the  Bas- 
tile  cleared  of  its  rubbish  and  old  constructions,  is  six 
hundred  and  fifty-one  yards  in  length  by  about  sixty-four 
in  breadth.  It  will  contain  upwards  of  eighty  boats,  ka?^ 
ing  the  middle  clear  for  a  passage.  A  bridge  is  to  be 
erected  over  the  sluice  where  the  waters  of  the  Garc  fiJl 
into  the  Seine. 

The  Canal  de  Saint-Denis  begins  near  the  town  from 
which  its  name  is  derived,  at  the  spot  where  the  small 
river  Bouillon  empties  itself  into  the  Seine,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  Canal  de  COurcq  in  a  small  semicircular 
sheet  of  w&ter,  about  nine  hundred  yards  beyond  the  basin- 
de  la  Villette.  After  encircling  the  town  of  Saint  Denis 
on  the  Paris  side,  this  canal  extends  in  a  straight  line  to 
the  Canal  de  COurcq.  Its  length  is  seven  thousand  three 
hundred  and  thirty-three  yards,  and  in  its  course  there 
are  twelve  sluices.  Two  bridges  have  been  constructed 
over  it  between  Paris  and  Saint  Denis,  and  a  third  al 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  village  of  Villette.  From 
the  point  where  this  canal  commences  boats  can  reach 


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ANALYSES  OF  HIYEBS,   ETC. 


97 


\heBas$inde  la  VilUtU  in  eight  or  ten  hours;  whereas, 
by  the  Seine,  on  account  of  its  numerous  windings,  three 
days  are  required  to  arrive  at  Paris.  This  rast  and 
eminently  useful  undertaking  is  nearly  completed. 

Before  we  proceed  to  the  hydraulic  machines,  we  shall 
giye  the  results  of  an  analysis  of  the  waters  of  the  Canal 
de  COureq  *  and  the  other  waters  with  which  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Paris  are  supplied. 

On  the  lAth  of  August,  1816,  a  commission  of  scien- 
tific men  was  appointed  to  make  these  analyses,  which 
were  conducted  with  the  greatest  care.  Fifteen  litres^  of 
water  from  each  stream  were  subjected  to  ebullition,  till 
the  whole  was  evaporated.  The  component  parts  of  their 
residuum  were  as  follow : — 

The  water  of  the  river  Ourcq  was  composed  of :  - 


Grammes. 

Sulphate  of  lime 0 

Carbonate  of  lime 2 

Deliquescent  salts 0 

Muriate  of  soda 0 

Vegetable  matter  and  water  .     .  i 

Total  weight  of  the  residuum      .  3 

The  water  of  the  Collinance: — 

Sulphate  of  lime 0 

Carbonate  of  lime 2 

Deliquescent  salts 0 

Muriate  of  soda   ......  0 

Vegetable  matter  and  water  .     .  0 

Total  weight  of  the  residuum       •  3 


Centigrammes.^ 
202 

208 

115 

51 


938 


269 

882 

95 

144 

368 


758 


*  Besides  the  water  of  the  canal  de  FOurcq,  that  of  the  river 
Ourcq,  the  Collinance,  the  Gergogne,  the  Therouenne  and  the 
Bciivronne,  of  which  it  is  con^osed,  were  analysed  separately. 

f  The  litre  is  a  tenth  more  than  a  wine  quart,  being  exactly  sixty- 
one  cubic  inches  QEngliah). 

%  A  Gramme  is  in  English  grains  15,  4440;  a  Centigramme  is 
0,i544. 

VOL.  III^  G 


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08 


ARALTSES  OF  IITUS,  BTC. 


Thfe  water  of  the  Gergognt : — 

Grammes. 

So^hate  of  lime 0 

Caiixmateof  lime 2 

DeliqaescenI  salts 0 

Muruteofsoda ,0 

Water  and  TCgetable  matter  .     .     I 

Total  wei^t  of  the  residuum      .     4 
The  water  of  the  Theroumme: — 

Sulphate  of  lim« 0 

Carbonate  of  lime 3 

Deliqaescent  salts     •     ....  0 

Water  and  T^etable  matter  .     .  1 

Total  weight  of  the  residnmn      .    5 

The  water  of  the  Beuvranne : — 

Sulphate  of  lime 3 

Carbonate  of  lime 3 

Deliqaescent  salu I 

Water  and  vegetable  matter   .     .    I 

Total  weight  of  the  residmmi 


Cantigramincs. 
221 
703 
223 
129 
447 


723 


304 

925 

541 

32 


9 


802 


50 
355 
275 

37 


217 


The  waters  of  these  fiye  rnrers  miied  in  the  CatuU  dc 
COureq  presented  :— 

Sulphate  of  lime 0        .     .        257 

CaHxmate  of  lime 2 

Ddiquescent  salts 0 

Moiiate  of  soda 0 

Water  and  regetable  matter  .    .  1 

Total  wei§^t  of  the  residmikn     .5  125 

The  mher  waters  of  Paris  presented  the  following  ro> 
suits  :^ 
The  water  of  the  Aquiduc  dc  Saint  GtrvaU:'^ 
Sulphate  of  lime 0        •    .        655 


993 
417 
114 
344 


Carbonate  of  lime 3 

bdiquesc^t  salts 6 

Muriate  of  soda 0 

Water  retained  bj  theiuJis   .    .  4 

Total  weight  of  the  residuum     •  21 


540 

647 

439 

0 


281 


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ANALYSES  OF  AlDns,  ItC.  99 

Water  of  the  Aquidue  de  BelbvUle  ;-r- 

CttitigrtnmieB. 


Grtmnias. 
Sulpiiate  of  lime     .....  17 
Carbonate  of  lime       .       ...    3 
Deliquescent  sails    .     .     ,    •     .    3 

Mmrtate  of  soda 0 

Water  retained  by  die  salts    .    .    Z 


40 

830 
518 
347 
338 


Totalweight  of  Iheresidttttm     .27  73 

The  water  of  the  Aquidue  fPArtmtil  presented  a  resi- 
<luuni  yery  compact  and  adhesiye  to  the  yessel ; .  it  power- 
fully attracted  humidity^  and  its  surfiice  appeared  in  white 
scales.     It  consisted  of: — 

Sulphate  of  lime     .....    2        .    .  528 

Carbonate  of  lime 2        .    •  535 

Deliqaescttit  stf  ts i        .    .  6^ 

Moriate  of  soda 0       •    .  290 

Water      * i        •    .  835 

Total  weight  of  the^  residuum    .8        .    .  835 

Water  of  the  BUvrc  ;— 

Sidphate  of  lime 3        .    .  758 

Carbonate  of  lime 2     .  .    •  47 

Deliquescent  salts i        .     .  638 

Mtuiateof  soda 0  169 

Water 2       .    .  212 

Total  weight  of  the  reskhnmi     .9  824 

Water  of  the  Seine^  above  the  tnouih  of  Ifete  Bi^rrre  r— 

Sulphate  of  fittie 0        .    .  761 

Carbonate  of  lime i        .     •  494 

Dc^quescent  sahs 0        .     .  171 

TegetabU  matter     ....    .    0       .    .  365 

Total  wei(^  of  the  residuum     .2       .     .       791 

Water  of  the  Aiftie,  bel«iV7  Plhris  :— 

Sulphate  of  lime      «    •    •    ^    .    0        .r    •  295 

Carbonate  of  lime  .....    1        •    •  940 

DeliqneMsent  sahs 0       •    •       878 

YegetdMe  matter    ....    .    0       .    .  306 

Total  weight  of  Ibe  residuttn     .    2       .    .  921 


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1^  HTDRACUC  MACDimS. 

These  ezperimenU  shew  ibai  the  water  of  Ihe  river 
Oureq  is  more  pure  than  that  of  ihe  Canal  dt  tOure^^ 
and  approaches  very  nearly  to  the  water  of  the  Seme 
in  purity : 

That  the  waters  of  the  Canal  de  COureq,  the  CoUi- 
nance,  and  the  Gergpgne  differ  but  little  in  purity : 

That  the  water  of  ihe  Tkerouenne  is  twice  as  impure 
as  that  of  the  Seine  : 

That  the  water  of  the  Beuvronne  is  four  times  as  im- 
pure as  that  of  the  Seine,  three  times  as  impure  as  that 
of  the  Canal  de  COurcq,  but  is  less  impure  than  the 
Bi^re: 

That  the  water  of  the  Aquiduo  de  Saini^Gcrvaig  is 
seven  times  more  impure  than  that  of  the  Seine,  and  fimr 
times  more  impure  than  that  of  the  Canal  de  tOureq  : 

That  the  water  of  Belleville  is  seven  times  more  impure 
than  that  of  the  Seine,  and  four  times  more  impure  than 
that  of  the  Canal  de  I'Ourcq. 

It  may  be  added,  that  the  water  of  the  Beuvronne  and 
the  BUvre,  and  particularly  that  of  Belleville,  is  the  most 
impure ;  that  it  dissolves  soap  lesa  easily,  and  cooks  vege- 
tables less  promptly;  and#that  the  water  of  the  Tkerom- 
enne,  the  Seine,  below  Paris,  and  the  Oureq,  is  the  best 
suited  for  domestic  uses. 

Lastly,  the  water  of  the  S^ne  is  purer  than  that  of  the 
Oureq ;  and  the  water  of  the  Oureq  better  than  that  oT 
jireueil,  Saint-Cervais,  and  Belleville. 

HYDRAVUO  MACHINES. 

The  insu£Bciency  of  the  qutotfty  of  water  supplied  by 
the  aqueducts  of  Belleville  and  Saint-Gervais  was  much 
felt  under  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  (the  new  aqueduct  d'Ar* 
cueil  not  being  then  comtnictod),  and  the  scarcity  at  the 


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POMPE  DE  IX  SAMARITAINE^  ETC.  101 

palaces  led  to  the  establishmentW  an  hydraulic  machine, 
which  took  the  name  of 

PoMPE  DB  LA  Samabitainb. — The  proposal  to  elevate 
the  water  of  the  Seine  into  a  reservoir  of  a  sufficient 
height  to  convey  it  to  tht  palaces  of  the  Louvre  and  the 
Tuileries  was  made  by  Jean  Lintlaer»  a  native  of  Flan- 
ders.    Henry  lY.  approving  the  project,  the  works  were 
begun  in  1603,  and  finfched  in  1608.     The  building, 
erected  over  the  second  arch  of  the  Pont  Neuf,  consisted 
of  three  storeys,  the  second  of  which  was  level  with  the 
bridge.     The  sides  were  pierced  by  five  windows.     In  a 
recess  of  the  front  was  a  clock,  above  which,  before  the 
revolution,  was  a  group  in  gilt  lead,  representing  Christ 
and  the  Woman  of  Samaria  at  Jacob's  well.     The  weQ 
was  represented  by  a  basin,  into  which  a  sheet  of  water 
descended  from  a  shell.  The  two  figures  were  by  Bernard 
and  Fremin.     Below  them  was  the  following  appropriate 
inscription,  taken  jQrom  Scripture,  which  indicated  at 
once  the  subject  of  the  group,  and  the  destination  of  the 

building : — 

Fqds  Hortorum, 
Pateus  aqtuiruin  TiT^ntium. 

Above  the  roof  was  a  small  wooden  tower,  covered  with 
lead  gilt,  the  lantern  of  which  enclosed  the  works  of  the 
dock  and  a  set  of  bells,  which  played  chimes  every 
hour. 

This  small  building,  which  had  a  governor,  because  it 
was  considered  a  rojAl  house,  was  rebuilt  in  1712,  and 
again  in  1772.     In  1818,  it  was  pulled  down. 

PoMPB  Du  Pont  Notbb-Damb. — The  utility  of  the  Pampc 
de  la  Samaritaine  suggested  the  idea  of  constructing  a 
similar  machine  upon  the  Pont  Notre-Dame.  Proposals 
made  to  that  effect  by  Daniel  Joly,  in  1669,  were  ac- 
cepted, and  the  works  were  finished  in  the  following  year* 


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102  HTDftADUC  MACni!l£8. 

In  1771  the  building  was  enlarged,  and  a  second  machibe 
erected  by  Jacqnes  Demanse. 

This  pampe  consists  loerel j  of  a  squats  tower,  contain- 
i|ig  a  reserroir,  into  wldck  the  water  is  elerated  by  ma- 
chinery set  in  motion  by  the  current  of  the  river. 

Pours  ▲  Feu  db  Ghaii«lot.  -r-  In  the  year  1785,  two 
foreigners  made  proposals  to  elevate  the  watm*  of  the  Seme 
by  meana  of  steam-eqgine^,  and  distribute  it  to  the  hooiei 
of  Paris;  but  the  project  being  little  understood,  their 
proposals  were  rejected. 

In  1778,  Messrs.  Pernor  were  authorised  to  erect  a 
steam-engUie  uppn  the  quay  De  Billy,  below  the  village  of 
Chaillpt,  at  the  expense  of  a  company. 

The  buildi,ng  containing  the  engine,  which  was  made 
by  Boulton  and  Watt,  is  a  scjuare  pavilion  of  an  elegant 
form.  A  canal,  seven  feet  vnder  constructed  onder  the 
Versailles  road,  ex^nds  to  the  middle  of  the  river,  where 
it  receives  the  lyater,  and  conveys  it  into  a  large  freestone 
ba#^l,  from  whence  it  is  elevated  by  the  steannengiae  bio 
reservoirs  built  upon  the  heights  of  GhaUlot,  at  one  ban- 
dred  and  ten  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Seine.  From 
these  reservoirs,  whicb  receive  fear  hundred  thousand 
cubic  fioet  of  water  ip  twenty-four  hours,  communications, 
by  means  of  pipes,  are  formed  with  the  houses  i^od  sewal 
fountains  on  the  northerly  bank  of  tbe  riv^r. 

The  first  trial  of  this  engine,  the  earliest  that  appeared 
in  France,  was  made  on  th^  8th  of  August,,  1781,  in  the 
presence  of  the  lieutenant  of  police*  But  suc^  was  the 
ignorance  of  the  principle  of  the  machine,  thai  for  several 
years  after  it  was  erected*  the  smi^lest  derangement  caused 
a  stoppage  in  the  works,  uqtil  a  person,  dispatched  to 
Birmingham,  retucned  with  tl^e  mpans  of  repi^ring  them. 

PoiPB  JL  Fbu  du  Gbos  Caillqjp After  the  establisb- 

ment  of  their  hydraulic  machine  below  ChaiDot,  Messre. 


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FOUNrAINS.  103 

Perrier  erected  anpthei;  on  the  quay  des  Inyalides,  to 
supply  the  houses  and  fountains  on  the  left  Jbank  of  the 
Seine*  The  first  stone  was  laid  l^y  the  Pr&vdt^  de$  mar- 
ehands  on  the  24th  of  JuJ|  j,  1786. 

This  building  i^so  presents  an  elegai^t  pavilion ;  but  as 
tho  Gro4  Gailloii  is  destitu^  ojf  heights^  it  yjreis  nec^sary  to 
add  e^  tower  ne^rjy  seventy  feet  in  eleyation,  to  contain 
the  reserFoirs. ' 

A  third  building,  destined  for  a  steam-engine»  was  con* 
stnACted  upon  the  same  bank  of  t^e  riyer,  near  the  bar- 
riire  de  la  Gare;  but  it  has  never  been  used.  It  is  o(  an 
elegant  form,  and  has  a  lofty  square  tower,  |ike  that  of 
the  Gros  CaiUou. 

The  company  supply  water  ^atuitously  in  case  of  fire, 
and,  to  that  effect,  reservoirs*  kept  constantly  full,  have 
been  built  in  different  quarters  of  the  capitaL 

Ifii,  17S6  and(  1786,  ^e  sljiaires  of  this  co^any  became 
an  object  of  speculation,  and  drew  forth  pamphlets  from 
fgveral  po^emi^  writers,  in  the  front  rank  of  which  Mira- 
|(eau  and  Beauma^hals  distinguished  themselves*  Finan- 
ci^r9  of  all  class^  took  a  lively  ii^terest  in  the  dispute. 
The  cause  of  this  conflict  was  the  evident  inability  of  the 
companjr  to  ftilfil  th^iir  engagements  with  the  shareholders. 
They  h^d  contrived  to  transfer  to  the  royal  treasury,  in 
exchange  for  other  securities,  more  than  four-fifths  of  the 
shares,  so  that,  at  the  end  of  the  year  1788,  the  crown 
had  become  nearly  the  sole  propjrieto^  of  the  steam-engines 
and  their  dependencies,  which,  since  that  period,  have 
been  considered  public  property,  and  are  superintended 
by  persons  appointed  by  the  government 

FOUNTAINS. 

Under  Philip  Augustus  there  were  only  three  public 


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104  FOUNTAINS. 

A>UDtains  in  ParU,  nainely,  the  Fontaine  da  Innoccns, 
the  Fontaine  de$  Halles,  and  the  Fontaine  Maubuie, 
In  the  interral  between  the  reigns  of  that  prince  and 
Louis  XII.  thirteen  others  were  constructed,  of  which 
four  were  without  the  city  till  the  erection  of  new  walk 
by  Charles  V, »  when  three  of  them  were  inclosed  within 
its  bounds.  These  fountains,  all  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  capital,  were  supplied  by  the  aqueduct  of  Bellerille 
and  that  of  Saint  Gervais. 

Under  Henry  fV.  the  two  aqueducts  having  fallen  into 
decay,  the  supply  of  water  became  greatly  inadequate 
to  the  wants  of  the  inhabitants.  An  ordinance  of  thai 
monarch  for  their  repair  decreed  also  that  two  new 
fountains  should  be  erected. 

The  south  of  Paris  being  destitute  of  water,  a  project 
was  formed  for  re-establishing  an  ancient  Roman  aque- 
duct, of  which  some  ruins  still  remained.*  In  1009» 
works  were  commenced  across  the  plain  of  Long-Boyaa 
towards  Rungis,  but  the  death  of  Henry  lY.  occasioned 
their  suspension.  The  project,  however^  was  carried  uto 
execution  by  Louis  XIII.,  and  fourteen  new  fountains  wero 
supplied  from  this  source. 

The  population  of  Paris  continuing  to  increase,  the 
supply  of  water  was  still  found  insuflBcient,  and  its  scar- 
city was  augmented  by  inconsiderate  grants  to  prirate 
houses.  In  1661,  an  additional  volume  was  obtained  from 
the  village  of  Rungis.  In  1666,  the  grants  to  private 
houses  were  abolished  by  an  order  in  council,  and  three 
years  afterwards  a  fresh  system  of  distribution  to  the  ca- 
pital was  adopted. 

About  this  time  Daniel  Joly  and  Jacques  Demanse  esta- 
blished two  hydraulic  machines  upon  the  Pont  Notre 

*  See  AqiMuc  tfJrcueil,  p.  90. 


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FOUNTAINS.  1 05 

Dame,  similar  to  that  of  the  Satnaritaine  upon  the  Pont 
Neuf.*  They  executed  two  diifereDt  systems  of  machi- 
nery»  which  afforded  a  volume  of  water  more  considerahle 
than  that  of  the  three  aqueducts  together.  The  success 
of  this  enterprise  induced  the  king  to  issue  an  order  in 
council,  ordaining  that  new  fountains  should  be  con- 
structed in  all  parts  of  the  city. 

The  want  of  water  being  again  felt  under  Louis  XV . , 
several  fountains  were  erected^  some  of  which  are  remark- 
able for  the  beauty  of  their  ornaments ;  but  the  aqueducts 
and  machines  were  found  insufficient  to  supply  them.  In 
this  dilemma  it  was  proposed  to  prolong  to  Paris  the  small 
river  Yvette  by  a  banal  thirty-six  thousand  yards  in  length; 
but,  after  much  discussion,  the  plan  was  abandoned  on 
account  of  the  difficulty  of  its  execution. 

At  length  the  establishment  of  steam-engines  at  Chaillot 
and  at  the  Gros  Cailloa  furnbhed  an  abundance  of  water 
to  the  public  fountains  and  private  houses.  The  canal  de 
rOurcq,  now  in  progress,  promises  an  additional  supply 
of  ten  thousand  inches'. 

Under  the  govarnment  of  Napoleon  the  number  of 
public  fountains  was  greatly  augmented.  Exclusive  of 
those  of  the  palaces  and  royal  gardens,  there  are  now 
vrithin  the  city  bounds,  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
fountains. 

The  plan  of  conveying  water  by  pipes  to  private  houses 
bas  been  only  partially  adopted ;  but  it  is  sold  from  door 
to  door  by  water-carriers,  who  obtain  it  at  the  fountains. 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  describe  such  of  the  fountains 
as  are  entitled  to  notice,  of  which  the  number  is  small 
<u>mpared  with  those  which  are  merely  streams  issuing 
from  uninteresting  orifices  or  lions'  heads,  in  walls  or  posts 
in  different  places. 

*  Seep.  101. 


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106  FOUMTAIIIS. 

FoHTAins  DB  Sairtb  AiiHB.     {Sec\ol.  Ih,  p.  75). 

FoiiTAiifB  DB  Saintb  Atotb.—  Tbw  foiintaiii,  erected  in 
the  rue  Sainte  Ayoye  in  1687,  is  divided  into  tiro  storep. 
Id  the  centre  of  the  lower  one  is  -a  niche,  omunented 
with  a  sen-shell  and  congelations.  The  upper  storey  is 
adorned  with  pilasters,  surmounted  by  a  semicircular  pe- 
diment between  two  dolphins  supporting  an  escutcheon^ 
and  a  tablet,  which  formerly  bore  the  Mowing  inscrip- 
tion, by  Santeuil : — 

GTisaqaampeUthisdeiaiiiihit:  ilkben^^   , 
De  patrum  patiisB  munere,  yussa  renit,  1687* 

FoHTAiKB  DB  BiiiavB. — The  name  of  this  fountain  b 
derived  from  cardinal  Ren6  de  Birague,  chancellor  ot 
France,  by  whose  munificence  it  was  built,  iqMm  the 
CimuUre  de$  Anglois^  which  Louis  XUI.  gave  to  the 
Jesuits  lo  improve  the  entrance  to  their  church  and  con- 
vent.   At  its  original  coQiiruction  it  bore  the  following 

inscriptions:— 

HBULKom, 

Francis  et  Pdonis  r^e  Christianiiniiio ; 

Renat  Birag. 

SanetK  Ronanv  Ecdmm  preibyt.  Gardin. 

Ei  Franc.  CanoeUar.  iUuftriii. 

BeneficM>  Qaudii  d'Aobray,  Pr«fiBCto  Mercator. 

Johann.  Lecomte ;  Renat.  Baddert, 

Johann.  Gedoyn;  PeCr.  Lain^. 

Tribunis  Pl^us,  curantibiis. 


fffflw  dadpvit  aouan^  fHiriir**fp  Birfigy  in  oioni; 

Senrial  at  Domino,  aenriat  at  populo. 
Publiea,  sed  cjuanta  privatis  commoda  Uuit6 

Pnetkat  amora  don^  pabUcut  oiUs  anwr. 


Reoat  Birag.  Franc  CanosB. 
Pobl.  Coaun. 
M.D.LZXIX. 


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FONTAINE  DE  BIRAGCE.  1 07 

Upon  the  deatli  of  cardmal  Bitague  this  fountain  wen 
to  decajj  and  at  length  became  quite  irj.  In  1627,  durin^^ 
'  th^  prMfdti  of  NicoliM  Baiileyl,  it  vas  rebuilt,  and  tbe  fol- 
lowing liaies  inscribed  upon  it : — 

Siccatoft  latices  et  ademptnin  foptb  bonoroQit 
(Mcio  adiies  resdtu^  suo, 
Ob  reditnm  aquaram.  BLDC.XXYII. 

la  1707  il  was  r^milU  V»  pliW  is  ^  pentagonal  tower, 
surmounted  by  a  dome  terpiinated  by  a  lantern*  The 
sides  are  similar,  coosisting  of  a  nicl^e  between  Doric  pi- 
lasters suppofting  a  pedimont,  above  which  rises  an  attic 
adorned  with,  a  Naiad*  On  the  sides  are  tablets,  with  in- 
scriptions,,  as  fqllovi^  :— 

I. 
PrflMor  et  iBdiles  Fontem  hiine  potudre,  Beati 
Sceptmm  si  Lodoix,  dum  fluet  mKU«  regat. 

n. 

Ant^  habuit  raros,  haiji^et.urbs  nunc  noille  canalet 
Didor,  h<v  ^qniptus  oppjdA  longa  bibant. 

in. 

Ebibe  qoem  fondit  purum  Catbarina*  liquorem ; 
FoBl«m  at  riKg^ien*  non  ni«i  purva^  adL 

IV^ 

Na2^a4  exciw  n^l^  ttta  reqea^erat  aptria ; 
Sefi  nqtam  sequi^ur,  tIx  reparata  yja^*  f 

V. 

Gyibus  hinc  ut  Tolrat  opes,  nova  mimera  largas 
rfympka,  sopeni^  Ions  deaimt  in  flimum.  ^ 

*  This  fountain  was  also  called  Fontaine  de  SainU  Cotheriney  on 
account  of  its  ^ximit^  to  the  rue  Culture-^Sainte-CatJierine. 

t  Here  seeiQS  t»  be  an  aOusion  to  this  imcriplioii  plaieed  on  the 
fountain  when  it  ^?as  rebuilt  in  1697. 

S  This  inscriptipn  is  very  unme^wng.    In  the  last  line,  tlip  poet 
( to  hare  imiti^ted  the  well-known  tine  of  Horace  :— 

Derinat  in  piapem  uuili^  formooa  supeme. 

Ars.  Poet,  line  4, 


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108  FOUNTAINS. 

FoNTAWB  DBS  Blancs  Man tbavx. — Upoo  the  Spot  where 
this  fountain  is  situated  there  existed^  from  a  very  early 
period,  a  reservoir  for  the  waters  of  the  aquedud  of  Belle- 
ville, which,  in  1719,  was  converted  into  a  fountam,  bear- 
ing the  following  inscription : — 

Sous  le  r^gne  de  Lotus  XY.,  par  les  sains  da  pr^vdt  desmarchandk 
des  ^hevins  de  la  ville,  et  sous  la  conduite  de  Jean  Beaaiire«  arclii> 
tecte  du  roi,  cette  fontaine  a  M  6\ew6e  aux  frais  de  la  ville  de  Pans. 

Since  the  suppression  of  the  Convent  des  Blancs  Han- 
teaux  a  new  street  has  been  opened  by  the  side  of  this 
fountain,  which  now  stands  at  the  angle  formed  by  the  rue 
des  Blancs  Manteaux  and  the  rue  des  Guillemites.  Its 
architecture  is  plain,  consisting  merely  of  piedroits  be- 
tween which  is  a  tablet,  and  above  it  a  triangular  pediment 
supported  by  trusses. 

FoNTAiNB  BoucHBBAT.  — This  fountain  was  erected  in 
1697,  upon  a  piece  of  ground  at  the  angle  of  the  me 
BoDcherat  and  the  rue  Chariot,  which  was  ceded  to  the 
city  by  Philippe  de  Venddme.  It  is  decorated  with  a  niche, 
having  on  its  sides  piedroits  wrought  in  ornamental  joints. 
In  the  tympanum  of  the  pediment  were  formerly  the  city 
arms.  Above  the  pediment  is  an  attic,  and  beneath  it  a 
tablet,  from  iniiich,  at  the  revolution,  the  following  in- 
scription, in  allusion  to  the  peace  of  Ryswick,  which,  at  the 
time  of  the  fountain's  construction,  France  had  just  con- 
cluded with  the  English,  Germans,  Putch,  and  Spaniards, 
was  eflaced : — 

Fausta  Parisiacam,  Ludoico  rege,  per  urbem 
Pax  ut  fundet  opet,  Fons  ita  fbndit  aquas. 

The  water  issues  through  a  bronze  head  below  the  niche. 

FoHTAiNs  or  Chatbau  d*Eau  du  boulsvaed  db  Bopmi. — 
This  magnificent  and  picturesque  fountain,  executed  in 
1811  after  the  designs  of  Girard,  is  very  happily 
placed  on  an  elevated  piece  of  ground,  formerly  a  has- 


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FONTAINE  DKS  CAPUCINS,  ETC  109 

lion,  between  the  Porte.  Saint-Martin  and  the  rue  ilu  fau- 
bourg du  Temple,  and  forms  a  grand  reservoir,  which 
receiTOS  the  water  of  the  Canal  de  TOurcq,  and  distributes 
it  to  the  fountains  in  the  vicinity.  It  consists  of  five  con- 
centric baains  placed  one  above  anotb^,  the  largest  of 
which  is  ninety  feet  in  diameter.  From  the  centre  of  the 
uppermost  rises  a  shaft,  ornamented  with  leaves,  support- 
ing two  paterw  of  different  dimensions,  from  whence  the 
water  &lls  in  a  fine  cascade  from  basin  to  basin.  Eight 
antique  lions,  placed  in  pairs,  spout  forth  water  into  one  of 
the  basins*  The  lions,  shaft,  and  paterae  are  of  cast  iron, 
and  the  basins  are  of  Ghfiteau-Landon  stone,  highly 
polished.  In  the  wall  which  bounds  the  boulevard  two 
niches  are  contrived,  from  which  water  issues  through 
lions'  heads,  for  the  supply  of  the  neigUMmrhood. 

Fontaine  dbs  Gapucins.  -^  This  fountain,  situated  in 
the  rue  Saint- Honor6,  was  formerly  surrounded  by  the 
buildings  of  five  or  six  convents,  which  have  been  demo- 
lished or  converted  to  other  purposes.  This  circumstance 
is  alluded  to  in  the  following  inscription,  by  Santeuil, 
which  h  still  bears : — 

Tot  loca  sacra  inter,  pura'est,  quae  labitnr  unda ; 
Hanc  non  impure,  quisquis  es,  ore  bibas* 

The  Fontaine  des  Gapucins  was  erected  in  1671,  and 
rebuilt  in  1718.  It  is  adorned  with  ornamental  joints, 
and  consists  of  a  niche  surmounted  by  a  pediment,  above 
which  is  a  second  story,  with  a  window.  The  water  issues 
through  a  bronze  head. 

Fontaine  de  la  Ghaeit^. — The  name  of  this  fountain 
is  derived  from  the  Hdpiial  de  la  CliariU,  rue  Taranne, 
against  which  it  is  built.  It  was  erected  in  1671,  and 
consists  of  a  projecting  mass,  wrought  in  ornamental 
joints,  and  surmouajfd  by  a  pediment.  Its  inscription  is 
from  the  pen  of  Santeuil  :— 


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110  rooHTAUis. 


Qogp  pleiiinwrit  mijgronim  in  cofttnwfc  1 
InfUr  aqua,  laiigit  fondere  mooitnt  opet. 

The  following  tramlatian  of  Uwm  lines  is  by  Dape> 


Cttte  6sa  qu  ie  r^psad  pour  Ubt  ds  HUdlisiireitx, 
Te  dit,  repands  sinsi  tst  lai|$e«es  pour  euz. 

FoHTAiiiB  DV  GoixioB  BousBOK.  — Tbis  feodtain  fenns 
pttrt  of  the  deporatton  of  the  firont  of  the  college  Boat- 
hojkp  the  handings  of  "wUeh  were  erected  in  1781,  after 
the  designs  of  Brongniart,  for  a  convent  of  Capncins;*  In 
1800,  the  same  architect  was  charged  to  oonvert  it  into  a 
cdlege,  to  be  called  fyc6e  Bonaparte^  a  name  which  it 
bore  till  the  restoration,  when  it  assumed  that  of  CoUig$ 

The  feiintain  "was  formed  in  1806,  b  pnrsnance  of  a 
decree  of  Napoleon.  The  ISront,  towards  the  rae  Sainte 
Croix,  Ghaossfe  d'Alttan,  is  one  hnndred  and  sisty-two 
feet  in  length  by  forty-iwo  in  eleration.  It  pieaeiits  two 
pavilions  at  the  extremities,  and  has  no  i^ienings  eic^ 
three  doors.  That  in  the  centre  is  adorned  with  colnniDS, 
and  gives  access  to  a  vestibule  leading  to  the  coatu  The 
pavilions  are  surmounted  by  pediments  and  a||ics.  The 
front  is  likewise  omamentod  by  eight  niebes  for  statues, 
and  two  recesses  for  bas-reliels;  those  which  were  pUced 
there  have  been  removed.  On  each  side  is  a  large  basin, 
into  which  the  water  flows  throu^  three  lions*  heads  in 
br<m2e. 

FORTAIRB  DBS  GoBDBUBBS* — DpOli  tho  silO  of  tfals  foott- 

tain  stood  a  city  gate»  called  Porte  des  Cordeliers,  and 
afterwards  de  Saint  Getmain,  because  it  led  to  the  aUiey 
of  Saint-Germain-des-Plr^.  It  was  demolished  by  order 
of  Louis  XIV.»  and  upon  its  site  a  fountain  was consttwct- 
ed,  which,  althou^  begun  in  1634,  :was  not  finished  till 

^SstYoLL,  p.285.No.30. 


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1 

FONTAINE  DB  LA  CROIX  DU  TIEOIE.  1 11 

1717 ;  il  was  originany  clJIed  Fontaine  Sahit  Geiinain ,  but 
afterwards  took  the  name  of  Cordeliers,  from  its  vicinity 
to  the  conyent  of  that  order.  It  ccmsists  of  a  narrow 
building,  several  stories  high,  wrought  in  ornamental 
joints.  The  lower  story  is  decorated  hy  two  pilasters 
without  capilals,  and  a  pediment  resting  upon  trasses,  in 
the  centre  is  la  m^e,  with  a  head  from  idiich  the  water 
issues,  and  in  the  upper  part  is  a  shell.  It  formerly 
bore  a  marine  tablet  with  the  following  inscription,  by 
Sanleuil:— * 

UitMflfa  ttympfa>  geretai  DbmBtem  propfa'abat  fa  urbsai. 
Hie  stetit,  et  largasbeta  proAidit  aquas* 

FoNTAuiB  DB  LA  Cfiotx  M  Tooia. — ^Tho  name  of  this 
fbontain  is  derived  from  its  being  situated  near  a  cross, 
whtcb  was  called  Cratx  da  TiHnr,  or  Trahctr.  It  was 
erected  by  Frahck  I.  in  the  middle  of  the  me  de  TArbre- 
Sec,  bdt  being  found  to  obstroct  Ihe  public  passage, 
was  i^emoved  with  the  cross,  in  1636,  to  the  angle  formed 
by  the  rue  de  i*Arbre-^Sec  and  the^me  Saint  Honctt^d.  The 
fountain  was  oonstruofed  in  1606,  by  Miron,  pr^^  de$ 
marclumd$,  as  a  reservoir  for  the  waters  of  Arcneil,  and 
was  rebuilt  hi  1776,  after  die  designs  of  Soufilot.  Each 
front  proMUts  a  basement  adorned  with  vermiculated  rus- 
tics, which  supports  pilasters  wrought  in  stalactites,  with 
capitals  ornamented  in  shells.  The  three  storeys,  of  which 
it  conrists,  are  Surmounted  by  a  balustrade  si^ortod  by 
tmsaes,  adorned  with  the  heads  of  marine  divinities.  The 
front  towards  die  me  Saint  flonor^  is  the  widest,  it  having 
two  windows  at  each  storey,  whereas  the  other  has  Imt  one. 
Between  those  of  the  first  storey  is  a  nymph  pouring  water 
into  a  basin,  by  Boiiot. 

The  front  towards  the  rue  de  TArbve-Sec  pfese&ted, 
until  the  revolntiOn,  the  following  inscription  by  Soufilot, 
upon  a  marble  tabtet  :-^ 


I 


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.  1 


112  FOUNTAINS. 

LudoTicus  XVI.  anno  primo  regni,  atiliUti  puUicae  consolens, 
castelliim  aquarum  areus  Jul.  Tetustate  coUapstun  k  fundaroeotis 
resdificori  et  meliore  cultu  ornari  yami,  Carol.  Claud,  d* Anger Hkn, 
Com.  regiit  edificif  pr^* 

The  water  issues  from  an  orifice  below  the  tablet. 

In  the  interior  of  the  ancient  pavilion  was  a  rooin»  td 
which  criminals  were  formerly  conducted,  to  make  coo* 
fession  to  a  judge,  previously  to  their  execution  in  the  ad- 
jacent street. 

Fontaine  Desaix. — (See  Place  Damphine^  page  65.) 

Fontaine  du  Diable. — This  fountain,  situated  al  the 
angle  formed  by  the  rue  de  Saint  Louis  and  the  rue  de 
rfichelle,  was  rebuilt  in  1769.  Its  origin,  as  weH  as  that 
of  its  name,  is  quite  unknown.  It  consists  of  a  lofty  obe- 
lisk resting  upon  a  pedestal,  from  which  the  water  ktaes 
through  a  lion*s  head  in  bronse.  The  torus  of  the  pedestal 
is  sculptured  in  oak  leaves,  and  above  it  is  a  tablet  for  an 
inscription.  At  the  'upper  angles  of  the  tablet  are  two 
Tritons  supporting  the  stem  of  a  ship.  The  sculptim, 
which  is  in  good  taste,  was  executed  by  Dor6. 

Fontaine  de  l*Echaud&. — This  fountain,  constructed 
in  1671,  derives  its  name  from  being  built  against  a  de- 
tached triangular  mass  of  houses  called  CEckaudd^  si- 
tuated at  the  angle  formed  by  the  Vieille  rue  An  Temple 
and  the  rue  de  Poitou.  It  is  of  an  octagonal  form,  divided 
into  compartments  decorated  with  mouldings,  and  crowd- 
ed by  a  cupola  similar  to  those  of  the  Tuikish  mosques, 
terminated  by  a  small  vase  ornamented  with  congelations. 

Originally  this  fountain  was  supplied  by  the  aqueduct  of 
Belleville,  but  it  now  derives  its  water  from  the  steam-en- 
gine at  ChaiUot  and  the  pump  of  Notre  Dame.  Allusion 
is  made  to  this  circumstance  in  the  following  lines  by  San- 
teuil,  formerly  inscribed  upon  it : — 

Hk  nympluB  i^;reit«s  cffondite  d?  ibte  i 
Uribanus  pr«|ar  y^i  frcit  tm  dm* 


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FONTAINE  DE  l'^GOLE  DE  Ml^DECiNE,  ETC.  413 

FoNTiUNB  DE  l'^golb  db  M^decine. — This  magnificent 
fountain,  erected  in  1806  after  the  designs  of  Gondouin, 
is  built  against  the  ancient  wall  of  the  church  belonging 
to  the  convent  of  the  Cordeliers,  and  presents  four  fluted 
Doric  columns,  forming  three  intercolumniations.  These 
columns  support  an  attic,  in  which  is  a  resenroir,  from 
whence  a. vast  sheet  of  water  falls  twenty-four  feet  into  & 
large  semi-circular  basin  behind  the  columns.  Upon  the 
entablature  was  the  following  inscription,  which  was  ef- 
faced in  181& : — 

Napolionis.  August!.  Providentia. 

Divergium  Sequanie 

Givium  Gommodo.  Asclepiadei  Omamento. 

MDCCCVI. 

The  design  of  this  building  is  simple  and  grand.  The 
effect  of  the  water,  on  account  of  the  height  from  which 
it  falls,  is  very  striking  when  there  is  a  suificient  supply. 

Fontaine  ^gtptienne. — This  beautiful  fountain,  in  the 
rue  de  Sevres,  was  constructed  in  1806.  It  presents  the 
gate  of  a  temple,  the  opening  of  which  forms  a  niche  for  a 
copy  of  the  Egyptian  Antinous,  holding  in  each  hand  a 
vase,  from  whence  water  falls  into  a  semicircular  basin, 
and  issues  thence  by  the  head  of  a  sphynx,  in  bronze.  In 
an  entablature  whidi  crowns  the  building  an  eagle  is  dis- 
played. 

Fontaine  db  l'£l£phant. — (See  Vol.  II. ,  p  868-) 

Fontaine  de  SAiNT-GEBMAiN-DES-Pais.  —  This  fountain 
was  situated  within  the  bounds  of  the  ancient  abbey  of ' 
Samt-Genn6in-des-Pr6s ;  and  from  the  following  inscrip- 
tion by  Santeuil,  now  effaced,  it  would  seem  that  the 
monks  obtained  of  the  city  a  supply  of  water,  and  that 
their  fountain  was  public : — 

Me  dedit  urbs  claustro,  daustnim  me  reddidit  urbi. 
^dibiis  addo  decus,  faciies  do  ciTibos  undas. 
VOL.    III.  O 


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114  FOUNTAINS. 

A  welL  at  the  opposite  angle,  bore  the  following  Uses : — 

Qoam  puteus  non  dat  Mncts  um  proxiaNis  «di, 
A  Christo  Yiram  poscere  roonttrat  aquam. 

In  archilectnre  this  foanlain  presents  nothing  remrk- 
able.  It  consists  merely  of  a  niche,  ornamented  willi  two 
dolphins.     The  water  issues  throogh  a  bronie  head. 

Fontaine  db  Gebnbllb. — The  feubooi^  Saint  Gersaia 
having  become  very  popolous  in  the  beginning  of  Ike 
eighteenth  century,  and  the  number  of  magnific»nl  I 
continually  increasing,  it  was  considered  necessary  to  < 
a  new  fountain,  to  be  at  once  a  useful  and  omameolal 
object.  After  much  indecision  in  the  choice  of  a  site,  the 
iehtvim  of  Paris  determined  to  purchase  a  piece  of  groond 
belonging  to  the  convent  of  the  Rdcollettes,  rue  <fe  Gre- 
Delle,  and  appointed  Bouchardon  to  superintend  the  con- 
struction of  the  fountain,  which,  though  much  celebrated, 
is  in  a  very  bad  style. 

M.  Turgot,  pr6vdi  de$  marchands,  laid  the  first  stone  in 
1780,  and  the  works  were  finished  in  1745.  The  building 
is  of  a  semicircular  form,  ninety  feet  in  length  by  thirty- 
six  in  elevation.  In  the  centre  is  a  projecting  mass,  bom 
which  two  wings  extend  to  the  contiguous  houses.  It  con- 
sists of  a  basement  wrought  m  ornamental  joints,  abore 
which  rises  an  upper  storey,  presenting  in  the  centre  m 
kind  of  portico,  and  in  the  wings  niches  and  windows 
between  small  pilasters  without  bases  or  capitals.  The 
whole  is  surmounted  by  an  attic  extending  the  length  of 
the  building. 

In  firont  of  the  portico  is  a  group  of  figures  in  while 
marble,  of  which  the  following  abridged  description  m 
given  by  Mariette,  an  author  well  known  by  several  wotks 
upon  the  arts  :  —  "The  principal  statue  represents  tke 
city  of  Paris  sitting  upon  the  prow  of  a  ship,  her  charac- 
teristic emblem.     She  seems  to  regard  with  complaceocy 


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FONTAINE  DE  GHENErXE.  115 

the  Seine  and  the  Marne,  which,  recuqubent  at  her  feet» 
rejoice  in  affording  plenty,  and  serving  as  an  ornament  to 
the  capital,  which  they  wash  with  their  streams*  A  por- 
tico, consisting  of  four  Doric  columns  supporting  a  pedi- 
ment, forms  a  back  ground-,  and  places  the  city  of  Paris 
as  if  at  the  entrance  of  a  temple  dedicated  to  her  honour. 
The  '  chief  object  of  the  artist  being  to  represent  the 
abundance  that  ever  prevails  in  Paris,  he  has  placed  in 
the  lateral  niches  allegorical  statues  of  the  Seasons,  each 
of  which,  with  its  characteristic  attributes,  is  eiqilained  by 
a  bas-relief  beneath  it." 

Between  the  columns  of  the  projecting  body  is  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  (effaced  at  the  revolution,  but  since 
restored) ,  by  cardinal  de  Fleury  :— 

Dum  LudoTicus  XV. 

Populi  amor  et  parens  optimas, 

Publico  traaqiiillitatis  asserCor, 

Gallici  imperii  finihus, 

Innocud  propagatis ; 

Pace  Germanos  Russosque 

Inter  et  OUomanos 

Feliciter  conc3iat& 

Glorios^  simul  ct  pacificiS 

Regnabat, 

Fontem  hunc  civium  utilitati, 

Urbisque  omamento. 

Consecrarunt 
PraBfectus  et  ^diles. 

Anno  Domini 
M.D.GGXXXIX. 

In  the  basement  beneath  the  group  was  another  tablet 
supported  by  consoles,  the  upper  part  of  which  contamed 
the  names  of  the  privdt  des  marchands  and  ichevins  of 
Paris.     In  the  lower  part  was  inscribed  as  follows  i — 

Cette  fontaine  a  ^t^  constroite  par  Edme  Bouchardon,  sculptem* 
do  roi,  n^  k  Ghaumont  en  Bassigny.  Les  statues,  bas-relief,  et 
omements  ont  6i6  executes  par  lui. 


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11G  FOUNTAINS. 

The  water  issues  through  four  bronze  heads  in  the  base- 
ment. 

FoiiT4iiiE  DB  GakTB.     (See  page  62.) 

FoNTAiiiB  Du  Gros  Caillou. — This  fountain,  ailaateJ 
in  front  of  the  military  hospital,  rue  Saint  DominiqQe, 
was  erected  m  1809,  by  order  of  Bonaparte.  It  preseoli 
a  square  mass  of  building  ornamented  with  eigbt  Doric 
pilasters,  and  an  entablature.  In  the  front  is  a  bas-reliet 
representing  Hygeia  administering  a  draught  to  an  fi- 
hausted  warrior.  On  the  sides  are  vases  adorned  witk 
lias-reliefs.  The  water  flows  through  bronze  heads  into 
basins  in  front  and  on  the  sides. 

FokTAiiiB  DB  LA  Hallb  au  Bl&. — This  fountain  k 
merely  an  orifice  contrived  in  a  large  Doric  columa, 
ninety  five  feet  high,  formerly  an  observatory  designed  bj 
Jean  Bullant,  by  order  of  Catherine  de  MMicis,  but  now 
attached  to  the  Halle  au  Bl^.  It  is  the  only  remaining 
part  of  the  celebrated  Hdtel  de  Soissons,  upon  whose  site 
the  Halle  aux  B16  has  been  constructed.* 

FoRTAiiiB  DBS  Haudbibttbs. — This  fountain,  situated  il 
the  angle  formed  by  the  rue  dcs  Haudriettes  or  des  An* 
driettes  and  the  rue  du  Chaume,  was  built  about  the  yetr 
1775,  after  the  designs  of  Moreau.  It  consists  of  a  squife 
mass,  having  00  each  side  piedroits,  in  the  form  of  pilasters, 
above  which  is  an  attic.  In  the  centre  is  a  square  niche, 
and  beneath  it  a  bas-relief,  by  Mignot,  representing  i 
Naiad  sleeping  among  rushes.  The  water  flows  throu^ 
an  orifice  in  the  basement. 

FoHTAiHB  DBS  IiiNocENS.  —  (Scc  MoTchi  des  Inmocens, 
pages.) 

Font AiKB  des  Invalides. — This  fountain  was  constructed 
upon  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides,  by  command  of  Napo- 
leon.    It  consisted  of  a  large  circular  basin  in  the  centre 

♦  Scci7«//c  au  Z?/t',  p.  II. 


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fontaihb  des  invauoes,  etc.  11T 

of  which,  upon  a  pedestal,  stood  the  celebrated  bronze 
lion,  brought  at  the  close  of  the  campaign  in  Italy  from 
the  Place  of  Saint  Mark  at  Venice.  This  statue  was  held 
in  high  veneration  by  the  Venetians,  on  account  of  its 
being  dedicated  to  Saint  Mark  the  Evangelist,  the  tutelary 
Saint  of  their  republic,  and,  as  it  is  said  in, a  description 
of  that  city,  because  **  his  head  was  turned  towards  the 
sea,  as  if  to  indicate  that  he  was  watching  over  the  con- 
cerns of  his  empire."  (Quati  per  dinetarc  che  sta  vegli- 
anu  alia  eura  del  sua  dominio.)  Upon  the  pedestal  were 
the  (;>llowiQg  inscrq^iions : — 

Napolion.  Imperator.  Rex. 

Leonem.  de.  Yenetiis.  Gaptis.  Tropaeum. 

Ad.  EmeritoiiixD.  Militum  castra. 

Eorwd  YirluUs  In^gne. 

Erigi  jussit. 

M.DCCC. 


Napoleon  Bonaparte, 

Empereur  des  Fraocais, 

A  ordonn^ 

Que  ce  monument  fikt  plac^ 

Sous  les  yeux  des  guerriers 

Dont  il  atteste  les  exploits. 

L'an  I**' de  son  r^e  (1804). 

Ministre  de  Fint^rieur^  A.  Chaptal. 

At  the  base  of  the  pedestal  were  four  bronze  he^ds 
through  which  the  water  flowed  into  the  basin. 

The  pedestal  was  demolished  in  1815,  at  the  time  of  the 
restoration  of  the  lion  to  Venice,  by  the  allied  powers. 
The  only  part  now  remaining  is  the  basin. 

FoNTAiifB  Saint  Lazaeb. — Mention  is  made  of  this 
fountain  at  a  very  remote  period  by  the  historians  of 
Paris,  and  it  probably  is  the  most  ancient  in  the  capital. 
It  existed  previous  to  1266,  as  in  that  year  Saint  Louis 


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118  F0UMTAIM9. 

granted  to  ^e  conyeni  of  the  Filles  Dieu,  pari  of  the 
water  supplied  to  the  fountaiii  Saint  Laiare  by  the 
aqoedoct  dT  Saint  Genrais. 

The  period  when  the  fountain,  at  it  now  appem»  was 
built  is  unknown.  It  is  situated  in  the  rue  du  (auboorg 
Saint  Denis»  and  consists  of  a  small  square  projecliflg 
maM  of  building,  the  firont  of  which  is  adorned  with  a 
basement  surmounted  by  a  pediment.  On  the  firiese  is 
a  tablet,  wifli  an  inscription  m^ich  is  illegible. 

FoRTAiKB  DB  Lbda. — This  fountain,  erected  by  Bona- 
parte's command,  at  the  angle  formed  by.  the  me  it 
Vaugirard  and  the  «ye  du  Regard,  presents  the  form  of  a 
tomb.  It  is  ornamented  with  a  large  bas-relief,  repre- 
senting Leda  in  the  midst  of  rushes,  caressing  Jupiter 
under  the  form  of  a  swan.  At  the  feet  of  Leda,  Cupid  u 
seen  drawing  an  arrow  from  his  quiver.  The  water  flows 
into  a  basin  from  the  beak  of  the  swan.  At  the  angles 
are  two  pilasters,  adorned  with  dolphins,  one  encircUng 
a  trident  and  the  other  a  rudder.  In  the  tympanum  of 
the  pediment  an  immense  eagle  is  displayed. 

FoNTAiivE  DB  Louis-lb-Gband.  —  The  erection  of  this 
fountain  was  decreed  in  1671,  but  was  not  executed  till 
1712.  In  the  ancient  plans  of  Paris  it  is  situated  m  the 
rue  Tfeure  Saint  Augustin ;  the  rues  du  Port-Mahon,  de  la 
Michodii^re,  and  de  Choiseul  not  being  then  in  existence » 
and  the  rue  Neuve  Saint  Augustin  extending  as  far  as  the 
rue  Louis-le-Grand.  It  now  stands  at  the  angle  formed 
by  the  rue  de  la  Michodi^re  and  the  rue  du  Port 
Mahon. 

The  front  presents  a  recess  between  two  Doric  columns 
supporting  a  pediment.  Above  rises  a  second  storey  de- 
corated with  two  composite  pilasters,  and  a  tablet  which 
is  surnumnted  by  an  attic.    The  lower  storey  is  rusticated^ 


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FONTAINE  D£  SAINT  lOCIS,  ETC.  119 

and  the  upper  one  ornamenled  with  canterleFers,  swaggs» 
etc.     The  recess  is  adorned  bf  a  shelL     On  the  tablet  h 
the  following  inscription » by  an  unknown  author : — 
Rex  locputur,  cadit  t  aaxo  foos,  omen  amenm  i 
losUr  aqus»  6  cives !  ommia  sponte  fluent. 

Fontaine  be  Saint  Louis. — This  was  originally  called 
Fontaine  BoyaUp  from  its  proximity  to  the  Place  Royale, 
and  is  styled  by  some  authors  Fontaine  du  Calvaire 
du  Temple.  Its  present  name  b  deriyaA  from  its  being 
situated  in  the  rue  Saint  Louis.  It  consists  of  a  pedestal 
surmounted  by  a  niche  between  two  pilasters;  the  latter 
siq>port  a  pediment,  behind  which  rises  a  small  dome  ter- 
minated by  a  lantern.  The  niche  is  filled  by  a  vase  upon 
a  pedestal,  having  Tritons  on  each  side. 

In  1684,  when  this  fountain  was  constructed,  the  Quar- 
tier  du  Marais  was  covered  with  sumptuous  edifices,  to 
which  allusion  is  made  in  the  following  inscription  by 
Santeuil,  originally  placed  upon  it : — 

Felix  sorte  tuA,  riaias  amabilis, 

Dignum,  quo  flueres,  nacta  sitam  loci : 

Cui  tot  splendida  tecta 

Fluctu  lambere  contigit. 

Tc  Triton  Geminus  personal  semuld 

GoDchl,  te  celebrat  nomine  E^iam, 

LsBto  non  sine  cantu, 

Porta t  yasta  per  sequora. 

Cedent,  credo  equidem,  dotibus  his  tibi, 

Posthac  nobilium  numina  fontiuin. 

H&c  iu  sorte  bcata 

Labi  non  eris  immemor. 

FoKTAiNE  or  GaoTTB  DU  LtixBMBoUBG. — This  grand  foun- 
tain, after  the  designs  of  Desbrosses,  who  built  the.  palace 
of  the  Luxembourg,  was  erected  in  the  garden,  at  the 
eitremity  of  one  of  the  walks.  The  architect  being  ordered 
by  Marie  de  N^cis  to  take  for  his  model  the  palace  Pitti, 
at  Florence,  gave  even  to  the  fountain  the  character  of 


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120  FOUNTAINS. 

Tuscan  architecture.  It  consists  of  a  large  central  niche, 
with  a  smaller  one  on  each  side  between  Tuscan  intercoluoH 
niations»  surmounted  by  an  attic  and  a  semicircular  pedi- 
ment. The  columns,  niches,  attic  and  pediment,  are 
covered  with  congelations.  On  each  side  of  the  attic  is  a 
recumbent  colossal  statue,  the  one^represcnting  a  riyer,  by 
Duret,  the  other  a  Naiad,  by  Ramey.  In  firont  of  the  cen- 
tral niche  is  a  petty  artificial  rock,  from  the  cavities  of  which 
a  small  stream  fldws.  The  rock  serves  as  a  pedestal  for  a 
white  marble  statue  of  Venus  at  the  bath.  The  arms  of 
France  and  of  M^cis  in  the  tablet  of  the  attic  were  de* 
stroyed  at  the  revolution.  This  was  the  only  building,  nol 
only  in  Paris,  but  even  in  France,  where  the  arms  of  the 
Midicis  family  were  sculptured. 

Fontaine  du  Margh£  aux  Chbvaux. — This  fountain, 
constructed  in  1806,  is  a  parallelogram  terminated  by  a 
semicircle.  The  only  ornament  is  an  eagle  encircled  by 
a  wreath  of  laurel,  sculptured  in  relief.  The  water  flows 
into  a  basin  through  a  bronxehead. 

FoNTAiNB  Saint  Martin. — This  fountain  consists  of  a 
basement,  and  two  pilasters  surmounted  by  a  pedestal 
ornamented  with  an  escutcheon,  and  crowned  by  a  sea- 
shell.  The  pilasters  are  adorned  with  vermiculated  rustics 
lind  congelations.  In  the  centre  is  a  tablet,  and  above  it 
a  pannel  containing  a  ship  in  relief.  The  water  i^ucs 
through  a  bronze  head.  It  is  built  against  part  of  the 
outer  wall  of  the  convent  of  Saint- Martin -des- Champs. 
In  1712  the  monks  ceded  to  the  government  ground  for 
the  construction  of  this  fountain,  upon  conditi<m  thai  an 
inch  of  water  should  be  granted  to  their  monastery. 

Fontaine  Mavbu^b.— This  fountain, situated  atthe angle 
formed  by  the  rue  Saint  Martin,  and  the  rue  Maubu^,  is 
one  of  the  most  ancient  in  Paris.  The  period  of  its  con- 
struction is  unknown,  but  it  existed  early  in  the  fourtecnlh 


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FONTAINE  OE  SiINT-UICHEt>  ETC.  121 

century.  Numerous  complaints  being  made  in  1802,  to 
Charles  VL,  that  the  Fontaine  des  Innocens  and  the  Fon- 
taine Maubu6e  were  ill  supplied  with  water  in  conse- 
quence of  grants  made  to  several  nobles  by  his  royal 
predecessors,  that  monarch  ordered  the  pipes  leadiog  to 
priyate  houses  to  be  cut.  It  was  rebuilt  in  1783,  and 
consists  merely  of  a  projecting  mass  in  the  form  of  a 
pedestal.  Upon  the  base  is  a  vessel  of  rushes,  with  a  ma- 
rine shell  in  the  centre,  and  Above  it  a  tablet  for  an  in- 
scription. 

FoNTAiRB  DB  Saint-Michbl.  — In  the  rue  de  la  Harpe, 
upon  the  site  of  this  fountain,  there  formerly  stood  an 
ancient  gate  flanked  with  toWers,  called  Porte  Saint-Michel, 
which  was  demolished  in  1684,  by  order  of  Louis  XIV. 
The  construction  of  the  fountain  was  begun  in  1687,  after 
the  designs  of  Bullet.  It  consists  of  four  Doric  columns 
surmounted  by  a  pediment,  above  which  rises  a  wide  arch. 
The  water  issues  through  an  orifice  in  the  basement. 

The   following    inscription,   by   Santeuil,    has    been 

cfiaced : — 

Hoc  in  monte  sues  reserat  sapieuHa  fontes ; 
Ne  tamen  banc  pari  respue  fontis  aquam. 

Allusion  is  here  made  to  the  University,  most  of  the 
colleges  being  situated  near  the  fountain. 

FoH TAiRB  DB  LA  BUB  MoNTMABTRB. — Notwithstanding  that 
the  works  published  upon  the  buildings  of  Paris  are  nu- 
merous, no  trace  of  the  origin  of  this  fountain  can  be  found. 
In  the  archives  of  the  Prefecture  there  are  deeds,  dated 
1713,  which  show  that  the  ground  upon  which  this  foun- 
tain is  built  was  ceded  to  the  dchevins  of  the  city,  by  the 
duke  de  Luxembourg-Montmorency,  upon  condition  that 
his  hotel  should  be  supplied  with  two  inches  and  a  half  of 
water.  It  appears  probable  that  the  spot  which  it  occupies 
is  that  which  was  selected  for  the  erection  of  the  Fontaine 


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422  FOUNTAINS. 

du  Petit-Carreaa^  whose  construction  was   decreed  in 

1671^  bol  neyer  executed.     The  fdlowing  inscription,  by 

Santeuilf  intended  for  the  latter,  alludes  to  the  cupidity  of 

several  financiers  who  resided  in  this  quarter : 

Aura  sacra  sitis  non  larga  ezpletur  opoin  vi : 
Hinc  disce  SBterao  ibntc  lerare  ntim. 

This  fountain  is  attached  to  a  house,  and  consists  of 
imposts  ornamented  with  congelations,  and  surmounted 
by  a  pediment.  The  centre  b  divided  into  three  tablets, 
beneath  which  the  water  issues  through  a  bronze  head. 

FoHTAiiiB  DU  Palmibb  or  CoLONRB  DU  GhatbiJIt. — This 
fountain,  situated  in  the  centre  of  the  Place  du  Chatel^t, 
was  erected  in  1808,  after  the  designs  of  M.  Bralle.  It 
consists  of  a  circular  basin  twenty  feet  in  diameter,  with  a 
pedestal  and  column  in  the  centre,  fifty-eight  feet  in 
elevation.  The  shaft  of  the  latter  represents  the  trunk 
of  a  palm-tree,  and  the  capital  the  branches.  Upon  the 
pedestal  are  four  statues,  by  Boizot,  representing  Justice, 
Strength,  Prudence  and  Vigilance,  which  join  hands  and 
encircle  the  column.  The  shaft  is  divided  by  bands  of 
bronze  gilt,  bearing  the  names  of  the  principal  victories 
gained  by  Napoleon.  At  the  angles  of  the  pedestal 
are  cornucopias  terminated  by  fishes*  heads  from  which  the 
water  issues.  Two  sides  of  the  pedestal  arc  ornamented 
with  eagles  encircled  by  large  crowns  of  laurel  in  relief. 
Above  the  capital  are  heads  representing  the  Winds,  and 
in  the  centre  a  globe  which  supports  a  gilt  statue  of  Victory 
holding  forth  a  crown  of  laurel  in  each  hand. 

FoNTAiNB  DU  Pabadis. — This  fountain  derives  its  name 
from  the  street  in  which  it  is  situated,  and  consists  of  a 
projecting  body  ornamented  with  two  pilaster*  having 
between  them  a  niche  and  a  door ;  a  pediment  rests  upon 
the  pilasters,  and  behind  it  ris«>s  a  dome.  The  water 
issues  throu^  an  orifice  in  the  basement.     This  building 


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i 


FOlfTAINE  DE  PARVIS  NOTRE-DAUE,  ETC.  123 

forms  part  of  an  hotel*  which,  u  1697»  belonged  to  prince 

Francois  de  Rohan-Soobise.     Upon  the  tablet  below  the 

cornice  was  the  following  inscription  in  honour  of  that 

prmce : — 

Ut  daret  hunc  populo  fonton  oertabat  uterque : 
Subisius  posuit  nuenia,  Prstof  aepias. 

FoifTAiNB  m  Partis  Notrb-Damb. — As  early  as  1030, 
there  existed  a  fountain  npon  the  Parvis  Notre-Dame, 
which  was  demolished  in  1748»  when  the  Parvis  was  en- 
larged. It  was  very  plain,  and  bore  the  following  in- 
scription 5 — 

Qui  sitis  hue  tendas ;  def  ant  si  forte  liquores, 
Progredere,  «Bt«mas  Diva  parabat  aquas. 

The  present  fountain,  or  rather  fountains,  were  formed' 
in  1800,  in  the  principal  front  of  the  building  erected  for  a 
foundling  hospital,f  and  consist  of  two  stone  vases,  of  an 
antique  form,  on  the  sides  of  the  entrance.  Upon  each  ot 
the  vases  is  a  small  bas-relief  representing  females  attend- 
ing a  dying  man,  in  allusion  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Hdtel  * 
Dieu.  They  stand  upon  small  square  pedestals,  and  the 
water  flows  through  bronze  heads  into  basins. 

FonTAiNB  DBS  Pbtits-P^res. — This  fountain  was  con- 
structed in  1071,  against  the  wall  of  the  court  belonging  to 
the  convent  of  the  Pelits-Pferes  or  Augustins-D6chausstes, 
and  consists  of  a  basement  which  supports  two  pilasters 
surmounted  by  a  pediment. 

The  following  inscription,  by  Santeuil,  was  obliterated 
at  the  rjsvolution,  but  has  since  been  restored : — 

Quae  dat  aquas,  saxo  latet  hospita  njmpha  sub  imo ; 
Sic  tu,  cum  dederis  dona,  latere  vclis. 

*  See  Imprimerie  Ro/ah,  Vol.  11.,  p.  143. 
t  Now  the  Bureau  Central  d'Adrmssion  dans  les  HSpitaux  et 
Hospices.     Sec  Vol.  II.,  p.  348. 


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424  FOUNTAINS. 

The  followiiig  translation  is  by  M.  Bosqaillon : — 

La  nymphe  qui  donne  de  ceUe  eau, 
Ao  plus  creux  du  rocfier  se  cache : 
Suirez  on  exemple  li  beau, 
JkmaeZj  sans  Touloir  qu*on  le  sache. 

The  water  issues  through  a  bronze.head. 

Fontaine  de  la  Place  de  L'£colb. — It  appears  that,  in 
Ae  beginning  of  the  serenteenth  century,  a  project  was 
formed  to  establish  a  resenroir  in  this  place  or  its  vicinity. 
Dubreul  relates,  in  his  Antiquities  of  Paris,  that  in  1607, 
the  chapter  of  Saint-Gennain4'Anxerroi9  entered  into  a 
contract,  by  which  they  agreed  to  cede  part  of  the  ground 
upon  which  the  school  stood,  for  the  construction  of  a 
cistern  to  receire  the  water  raised  by  the  pump  de  la 
Samaritaine.  He,  howeyer,  does  not  inform  us  where 
the  school  was  situated,  nor  whether  the  project  for  the 
resenroir  was  executed :  no  trace  of  it  is  to  be  seen. 

From  an  early  period  there  existed,  beneath  the  Place 
de  r£cole,  a  common  sewer,  which  was  the  receptacle  of 
the  filth  of  that  populous  neighbourhood;  The  con- 
struction of  a  fountain,  therefore,  upon  this  spot,  was  of  the 
greatest  utility,  as  its  waler  is  much  more  pure  than  that 
obtained  near  the  mouth  of  the  sewer,  which  at  the  same 
time  it  contribute^  to  cleanse. 

This  fountain  was  constructed  in  1806,  and  presents  a 
circular  basin  with  a  square  pedestal,  surmounted  by  a 
highly  ornamented  yase  rising  out  of  the  centre.  In  the 
basement  of  the  pedestal  are  four  lions'  heads  in  bronie, 
from  which  the  water  issues.  The  yase  is  ornamented 
with  bas-reliefs  representing  on  one  side  two  sea-gods, 
and  on  the  other  a  Triton.  The  handles  arc  terminated 
by  panthers'  heads. 

Fontaine  or  Chateau  d'Eau  de  la  Place  du  Palais 
Royal. «- (Sec  Vol.  II.,  p.  00.) 


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FONTAINE  DE  £A  PLACE  SAINT  SULPICEj  ETC,       125 

Fontaine  db  tA  Place  Saint  Sulpicb. — ^WhenSenran- 
doni  erected  tlie  portico  of  the  church  of  Samt  Sulpice^ 
it  was  his  intention  to  open  an  area  or  Ptaee  in  its  front, 
and  to  construct  two  fountains  upon  the  same  axb  as  the 
towers  of  the  church.  The  Place  was  formed  in  1764, 
about  twelre  years  after  the  portico  was  finished,  but  the 
fountains  were  never  executed. 

Bonaparte  determined  that  a  fountain  should  be  built«in 
the  Place  Saint  Sulpice,  and  M.  Destoumelles  was  charged 
to  furnish  the  designs.  The  plan  presented  by  thb  artist 
was  a  cenotaph  to  the  memory  of  Ser?andoiii,  adorned 
with  two  bas-relieis,  the  one  representing  the  bust  of  that 
celebrated  architect,  and  the  other  containing  an  inscrip- 
tion to  his  honour.  When  the  fountain  was  finished,  and 
the  bas-reliefs  were  ready  to  be  put  up,  the  foUy  of  making 
a  tomb  a  monument  of  public  uti|ty  was  apparent,  and  it 
was  determined  to  ornament  it  with  bas-reliefs  of  a  dif- 
ferent character.  It  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  spacious 
area,  and  consists  of  a  square  basin  elevated  upon  three 
steps,  from  the  centre  of  which  rises  a  quadrangular  pe- 
destal surmounted  by  a  frieze  and  pediments.  The  frieze . 
was  ornamented  with  garlands  and  lyres,  and  the  letter  N 
from  distance  to  distance.  The  four  fronts  pres^it  allego- 
rical bas-reliefs  in  marble  of  Peace,  the  Arts,  Commerce, 
and  Agriculture.  The  water  flows  on  the  eastern  and 
western  sides  through  portions  of  vases  into  shells,  where  it 
is  divided  into  six  small  streams,  which  &11  into  two  square 
basins  placed  one  above  another,  and  from  these  it  passes 
through  portions  of  vases  into  four  smaller  basins,  upon  a 
level  with  the  uppermost  step.  This  fountain  was  origi- 
nally called  Fontaine  de  la  Paix,  from  being  begun  at  the 
time  of  the  conclusion  of  the  peace  of  Amiens.  It  is  an 
insignificant  constructios,  which  it  is  in  contemplation  to 
remove,  and  erect  one  more  grand  upon  its  site. 


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426  FOUNTAINS. 

Fontaine  i>b  Popincouet.  —  This  fountain  was  con- 
slraded  in  1806,  in  the  rue  de  Popincourt,  immediately 
mposite  the  roe  Saint-Ambroise.  Its  form  b  a  cippus  ter- 
miBated  by  a  scroll  pediment,  in  the  tympanum  of  which 
b  a  pelican  feeding  her  young.  The  firont  presents  a  bas- 
relief  of  Charity.     The   water  flows  from  a  vase  into  a 

basin. 

Fontaine  des  RicoLLETS. — Thb  fountain,  situated  m 
the  roe  da  Chemin  de  Pantin/was  built  about  the  year 
1720.  It  consbts  of  a  projecting  rusticated  mass  sur- 
moonted  by  a  pediment.  Its  centre  is  divided  into  three 
tableU,  but  no  inscription  b  legible. 

Fontaine  de  Richelieu.  —  Thb  fountain,  erected  in 
1671,  deriTes  its  name  from  cardinal  Richelieu.  It  b 
situated  at  the  angle  formed  by  the  rue  de  Richelieu  and 
the  me  Traversi^re,  and  presents  a  blank  window  sur- 
mounted by  a  pediment,  aboTe  which  rises  an  attic  adorn- 
ed with  Corinthian  pilasters.  In  the  tympanum  of  the 
pediment  b  a  shell  The  water  issues  through  a  bronxe 
head,  and  on  a  tablet  b  the  foUowbg  inscription,  by  San- 
teuil,  in  which  he  aOudes  to  the  cardinal's  office  of  grand- 
master and  superintendant-general  of  navigation: — 

Qui  qooDdam  magnimi  tenuit  rnoderamen  aqvamm 
Ricbdios,  fonti  pUoderet  ipte  novo. 

Fontaine  Saiht  Sevbein.  — Thb  fountam,  situated  at 
the  angle  of  the  rue  Saint  Jacques  and  the  rue  Saint  Se- 
verin,  was  erected  in  1624.  Its  architecture  b  not  worthy 
of  notice,  and  it  b  only  remarkable  for  the  following  in- 
scription, by  Santeuil,  which  alludes  to  its  being  placed  at 
the  foot  of  a  mountain : — 

Didn  scandtmt  juga  montis  anhclo  pectore  pyiwplig, 
Hlc  una  k  socib  Tallis,  amcre,  sedet. 

Fontaine  de  Tantalb.  — ^The  neighbourhood  in  which 
thb  fountain  is  situated  is  one  of  the  most  dirty  in  Paris. 


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FONTAINE  DBS  TOURNEtLES^  ETC.  427 

and  the  necessity  of  a  fountain  seems  to  have  been  felt  at 
an  early  period,  as  one  existed  near  the  spot  previous  to 
1392.  Santeuil  prepared  the  following  inscription  for  it 
in  the  event  of  its  being  rebuilt : — 

Forte  gravem  imprudeos  Lie  Naias  fregerat  uraam : 
Flerit,  et  ex  istis  fletibus  tmda  fluit. 

The  fountain  was  rebuilt  in  1601,  but  remained  dry  till 
the  privdU  of  Francois  Miron,  in  1^606.  In  the  following 
inscription,  placed  upon  it  instead  of  Santeuil's,  allusion 
is  made  to  that  circumstance : — 

Saxeus  agger  eram,  ficti  mod6  fontis  imago, 
Yifis  mihi  laticis  Miro  fluenta  dedit. 

The  present  fi3untain,  situated  at  the  angle  formed  by 
the  rue  Montmartre  and  the  rue  Hontorgueil,  was  built  in 
1806.  It  presents  an  elliptical  niche  between  two  rusti- 
cated imposts  surmounted  by  a  pediment,  in  the  tympa- 
num of  which  is  an  eagle.  In  the  niche  is  a  head  of  Si- 
lenus.  The  water  flows  from  a  shell  into  a  rich  vase,  from 
whence  it  descends  through  two  lions'  heads  into  a  semi- 
circular basin.  Upon  the  vase  is  a  bas-relief,  representing 
a  nymph  holding  a  vessel  for  Cupid  to  drink. 

FoNTAiNB  BBS  ToimiijBLLES. — This  is  merely  a  post  with 
an  orifice  from  which  the  water  issues,  situated  .at  the 
comer  of  the  rue  des  Tournelles.  It  must  have  been 
more  considerable  formerly,  as  it  was  one  of  those  built 
in  pursuance  of  a  decree  of  1641,  and  bore  the  follow- 
ing inscription,  by  Santeuil : — 

Qui  tot  regificis  decoravit  sumptibus  uihem, 
Prodigus,  has  etiam  dat  Lodoicus  aquas. 

Fontaine  db  VBNDdKs. — ^This  fountain  was  attached  to 
the  ancient  walls  of  the  Temple,  and  derives  its  name  from 
the  chevalier  de  Venddme,  who  was  grand  prior  of  France 
at  the  time  of  its  construction.     Allusion  is  made  to  that 


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428  COMMON  8EWEK9. 

circumstance  in  the  foUoiNdng  inscription,  which  has  been 

obliterated : — 

Quern  cemis  fontam,  Malths  dd>etiir  et  urbi : 
Hlc  praebet  undas,  pneboit  ilia  locum. 

The  fountain  is  now  surrounded  by  houses  erected  sbce 
the  rcTolution  upon  ground- belonging  to  the  Temple. 

Fontaine  Saint  Victob. — This  fountain  was  built  in 

1671,  after  the  designs  of  Bernini,  and  was  called  Fontaine 

d^AUocandrc,  or  dc  la  Brosse,  because,  upon  its  site,  there 

had  previously  existed  a  tower  of  that  name.  It  afterwards 

was  called  fontaine  Saint  Victor,  from  the  celebrated  abbey* 

near  which  it  was  situated.     In  the  following  inscription 

by  Santeuil,  who  was  a  monk  of  this  abbey,  allusion  u 

made  to  the  valuable  library  of  Saint  Victor,  which  was 

accessible  to  all  studious  persons : 

Quas  tacros  docUinfle  i|>erit  domus  intima  (bntes, 
Givibus  eztorior  dividit  urbis  aquas. 

The  building  presents  a  narrow  lofty  front,  ornameDled 
with  Tritons,  dolphins,  etc. 


COMMON  SEfFERS. 

The  Seine  and  the  Bifevre  in  the  southern  part  of  Paris, 
and  the  Seine  and  the  rivulet  of  M^nilmontant  in  the 
northern  part,  were  formerly  the  only  receptacles  for  rain- 
water, etc.  When  ditches  were  opened  round  the  city 
walls,  these  served  as  sewers,  and  some  parts  of  them» 
now  arched  over,  are  still  devoted  to  that  purpose. 

About  the  year  1870,  Hugues  Aubriot,  privdt  of  Parish 
ordered  several  canals  to  be  opened,  in  order  to  carry  off 
the  stagnant  water,  which  infected  the  air  and  generated 
diseases  in  the  capiul.  The  bed  of  the  rivulet  of  M6nii- 
monlant,  which  had  become  dry,  affording  a  natural  chan- 
*  S€cVol.I.,p.228. 


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COMMON  SEWERS.  420 

Hel,  he  caused  the  sides  lo  be  lined  with  masonry,  and 
called  it  the  grafid  6gout.  At  the  same  time  several 
smaller  sewers  were  opened,  which  emptied  themselves 
into  the  principal  one,  but  these  were  not  lined.  The 
grand  igOfU  extends  on  the  north  of  Paris,  and  falls  into 
the  Seine  below  Chaillot. 

Previous  to  1412  there  existed,  under  the  rue  Saint  An- 
toine,  a  covered  sewer,  which  emptied  itself  into  the 
moat  of  the  Bastile.  This  sewer,  called  Pont  Perrin, 
becoming  an  insufferable  nuisance  to  the  Hdtel  dc  Saint 
Paul,  then  the  usual  residence  of  the  kings  of  France,  its 
direction  was  changed,  but  it  was  not  arched  over.  It 
crossed  the  Culture  Sainte  Catherine,  and  passed  by  the 
rue  desfigouts  and  the  rue  Saint  Louis,  at  the  extremity  of 
which  it  inclined  towards  the  Porte  du  Temple,  crossed  the 
city  ditches,  and  fell  into  the  grand  igout.  In  its  course 
it  received  another  sewer,  beginning  at  the  rue  Sitint 
Denii. 

Over  these  sewers  small  bridges  were  erected  at  several 
places  for  the  public  convenience,  from  one  of  which  the 
rue  du  Ponceau  derives  its  name. 

From  the  quartier  des  Halles  a  vaulted  seWer  extended, 
under  the  rue  Montmartre  and  across  the  city  ditches,  to 
the  grand  igout. 

Such  was  the  state  of  the  sewers  till  1606,  when  Fran- 
cis Miron  caused  the  dgovt  du  PoneeaUf  from  the  rue 
Saint  Denis  to  the  rue  Saint  Martin,  to  be  vaulted  at  his 
own  expense.  His  successors  in  office,  however,  were  less 
attentive  to  the  salubrity  of  the  city ;  the  sewers  in  con- 
seqpience  became  choked  up,  and  sent  forth  exhalations 
that  threatened  to  generate  contagious  diseased,  when, 
b  1610,  a  decree  was  issued,  ordaining  them  to  be 
thoroughly  cleansed.  Under  the  reign  of  Louis  XIIL 
several  projects  were  formed  for  the  removal  of  these 

VOL.   III.  I 


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i  30  COMMON  SEWIKS. 

nuisances,  but  none  of  them  were  carried  ink)  exedUkm. 
In  1668  the  sewers  were  again  cleansed. 

Between  that  period  and  1671,  the  sahibrity  of  Pm 
hating  excited  serious  attention,  several  sewert  were 
Taulted,  and  the  priv&t  dc$  mar^muU  mA  iekttim 
were  enjoined  to  inspect  them  annually.  At  the  saae 
time  was  formed  the  igout  de  I'Hdtel  des  Inralides,  which 
traverses  the  esplanade,  and  (alls  into  the  Seine. 

In  1722,  the  augmentation  of  houses  in  the  fnoftMfi 
du  Louvre  and  Saint  Honor6  rendering  it  necessary  to 
enlarge  the  city  bounds,  privileges  were  offered  to  those 
who  would  build  in  the  vicinity  of  the  grand  6gomi;  hut 
its  noxious  exhalation  was  so  offensive,  thai  hot  few 
structures  were  erected.  In  the  same  year  it  was  decreed 
that  a  new  vaulted  sewer  should  be  constructed,  but  the 
project  was  not  executed  till  1740. 

In  1734,  the  lower  part  of  the  6g<na  Montmartre  was 
vaulted;  and  in  1754  three  new  sewers  vrere  buih,  vb. 
that  of  the  ifecole  Militaire,  which  traverses  the  Chaoip  de 
Mars,  and  those  of  the  rue  Saint  Florentin  and  the  Plaee 
Louis  XY.  The  sewers  which  surround  the  Pdais  Royal 
were  opened  when  that  edi6ce  was  built,  and  empty  them* 
selves  into  that  of  the  Place  du  Carrousel. 

At  the  time  of  the  construction  of  the  new  grmnd  igmti^ 
a  reservoir  was  built,  in  which  water  is  collected  lor  the 
purpose  of  cleansing  the  sewer.  In  the  interior  of  the 
building  is  the  following  inscription ,  intended  as  a  meteorial 
of  a  royal  visit  to  witness  the  cleansing  of  the  grm$Ul  ig^mi : 

Les  12,  14,  et  16  juifiet,  1750. 
Le  roi,  la  reine  et  moDScignenr  l6  dauphin,  aliant  4  CompMgnc, 
•out  venas  risiter  le  reservoir  et  les  ouvrtges  du  grand  tf^eat,  oat  v«. 
cuMute  Fcaa  du  rberroir  entrtr  dans  F^mil,  el  y  coulc  avec  wmt 
grande  rapidity.  Leurs  roajett^  et  monsetgneur  le  danphin  s*^CaBt 
ari^Ufl  k  la  grille  du  faubourg  Saint  Btartin,  ont  vu  Feflct  des  i 
et  la  force  de  r^oalement  de  Tcau. 


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BATHS.  iZ\ 

All  the  sewers  in  the  interior  of  Paris  are  now  vaulted 
OFer^  except  pert  of  the  4g€Ut  du  Ponceau,  in  the  faubourg 
Saint  Denis.  Those  of  the  southern  part  of  the  capital, 
of  the  CM  and  the  isle  Saint  Louis,  are  much  less  con- 
siderable than  those  of  the  norihera  part,  as  will  appear 

hj  the  foUowiqg  tahle : 

Yards. 

Length  of  flerrers  jon  iKe  nortKem  side 23,356* 

on  thetoullMniude SjtSi, 

in  tb«  iskf  de  la  CiU  and  Saint  Louis      313. 


Total  ....  2S,900. 

BATHS. 
In  ike  nuddle  ages,*public  baths,  called  etuva,  were 
so  common  in  Paris,  that  six  streets  or  alleys  derive  their 
Diimes  from  them.  li  appears  also  that,  in  the  houses  of 
the  wealthy,  there  were  baths,  in  which  at  graod  enter- 
taimnents  it  was  customary  for  the  guests  to  bathe.  ''  The 
king  and  queen,"  says  the  chronicle  of  the  reign  of  Louis 
XI.,  ''  frequently  condescended  to  be  present  at*  leasts 
given  by  their  officiers  and  serviteurs.  In  1467^  the  queen, 
accompanied  by  madame  4e  Bourbon,  mademoiselle 
Bonne  de  Savoye,  and  several  other  ladies,  supped  at  the 
Hdtel  of  Maitre  Jean  Dauvet,  chief  president  of  the  Pur- 
kmenl,  where  her  Majesty  was  most  sumptuously  enter- 
tained. Four  beautiful  baths,  richly  adorned,  were 
prepared.  The  queen  being  slightly  indisposed,  declined 
bathing,  but  madame  de  Bourbon  and  mademoiselle  de 
Stvoye  bathed  together,  as  did  madame  de  .Monglat 
and  Perrette  de  Cb&loas^  bourgeout  ds  Paris.  About  a 
month  after»  the  king  was  present  at  a  grand  entertain** 
BMot  givan  hj  Sire  Denis  Hesselin^  his  panetier.  Tbree 
baths  were  elegantly  hung  for  his  majesty  to  take  pleasure 


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-J  32  BATHS. 

b-  but  he  did  not  use  them,  as  the  weather  wu  on- 
faTOurable  and  he  was  afraid  of  taking  cold." 

The  ceremony  of  the  bath  was  rery  stricUy  obserred 
formerly  at  the  reception  of  a  knight.   Charies  VI.  wish»s 
to  confer  the  honour  of  knighthood  upon  Louis  and  Charle. 
of  Anjou.the  two  princes  appeared  first  as  esquires,  clothed 
in  long  tunics  of  brown  cloth  without  any  ornament;  and 
were  conducted  to  the  chamber  where  their  Uths  were 
prepared.    After  bathing  they  put  on  the  knight's  habit  of 
crimson  silk  trimmed  with  minever,  and  a  cloak  m  the 
form  of  a  cope.    Upon  supper  being  ended,  they  yete 
'  attended  to  the  church,  according  to  custom,  and  left  there 
to  pass  the  night  in  devoUon.    The  next  morning,  the 
king  wearing  the  royal  mantle,  entered  the  church,  pre- 
ceded by  two  esquires  with  drawn  swords,  from  the  pomU 
of  which  were  suspended  two  pair  of  golden  spurs.    After 
mass,  which  was  celebrated  by  the  bishop  of  Auierte,  the 
two  young  princes  knelt  before  the  kmg,  who  dubbed  them 
knighU,  and  girded  on  the  belu  of  knighthood.    The  Site 
de  Chaorigai  strapped  on  the  spurs,  and  the  buhop  pro- 
nounced over  them  the  benediction. 

In  the  thirteenth  century,  the  servanU  of  the  puWk 
baths  traversed  the  streets  every  morning,  and  gave 
notice,  m  the  foUowing  terms,   that  the  baths  were 

prepared: — 

Sdgoor,  car  vow  alles  bungnier, 

Et  estuTCS  fan*  dduer; 

Li  baing  aont  cbaut,  c'ett  aam  maitir. 

These  establishmento  maintained  their  re^wiUlion  far 
a  long  period,  and  their  proprietors,  called  b^bitn- 
4tm>istes,  formed  a  corporate  body.  Under  D)ni»  Xllt 
and  Louis  XTV.  they  became  places  of  pleasure  and 
debauchery,  to  which  cause  may  be  attributed  thdr 


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BATHS.  133 

decline.  Saaval,  who  wrote  at  the  begiiming  of  the 
eighteenth  century ,  says : — **  Towards  the  end  of  the 
last  century,  the  baths  began  to  be  less  common ;  before 
that  p^iodit  was  impossible  to  go  a  step  without  meeting 
bathers." 

At  present  the  baths  in  Paris  are  numerous,  and  afford 
every  kind  of  accommodation.  There  are  also  three 
swimming  schools,  where  the  art  is  taught  at  a  rery 
trifling  expense. 


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CHAP.  xn. 


IBIBailXBlBO  milD  (DVii^XO^ 


BRIDGES. 

Thbib  are  sixteen  bridges  o?er  the  Seine  between  the 
barriers  of  Paris.  Of  these,  one  is  formed  of  wood,  one 
of  iron  and  wood,  two  of  stone  and  iron»  and  twelve  of 
stone.  Several  of  these  bridges  had  formerly  houses  upoo 
them,  but  they  have  successively  been  removed,  and  the 
centre  ofihe  capital  is  thrown  open  to  a  free  circulation  of 
air,  whilst  the  Wew  of  the  numerous  fine  buildings,  whicli 
skirt  the  banks  of  the  river  for  more  than  a  league,  is 
now  unmterrupted.  In  describing  the  bridges,  we  shall 
take  them  in  the  order  in  which  they  stand,  following  the 
course  of  the  stream. 


PONT  DU  JARDIN  DES  PLANTES. 

This  bridge  extends  from  the  quays  Moriand  and  de  b 
Rap^  to  the  quays  de  THdpital  and  de  Saint  Bernard,  and 
forms  a  communication  between  the  Arsenal  and  the  Jar- 
din  des  Plantes.  The  works  were  begun  in  1802.  On 
January  1,  180C,  it  was  opened  for  fool  passengers;  and 


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PONT  DS  GaAMllONT.  1 35 

on  March  5,  of  tbe  year  foUowUig,  f«r  carrii^e^.  It 
receired  the  name  oi  AumUtIUz^  in  memory  of  the  victory 
gamed  by  the  French,  December  2, 1805,  over  tbe  Russians 
and  Anstrians.  Upon  the  second  entrance  of  the  allied 
armies»  the  name  was  changed  to  Pont  da  Mot,  and  since 
to  Poni  du  J ardindts Planus.  The  plans  were  furnished 
by  M.  fiecquey-Beaupr^y  and  executed  und^  the  direction 
ofSL  Lamand^,  at  the  expense  of  a  company,  who  were 
to  receive  a  toll  for  the  term  of  thirty  years. 

The  eiMu  uid  piers  of  this  bridge  are  buik  of  stone 
/bonded  upon  piles.  It  has  five  arches  of  east  iron,  com- 
posed Qi  segments  of  circles;  their  mean  diameter  is 
seventy-nine  feet  three  inches,  and  the  total  length  of  the 
bridge  between  the  euUti*  is  three  hundred  and  ninety- 
nine  feet  two  inches. 

Tbe  Pont  du  Jardin  des  Planus  is  the  second  bridge 
built  of  iron  in  Paris.  Its  construction  is  curious;  and 
such  is  its  solidity,  that  the  heavi&t  vehicles  pass  over  it. 
Except  masks  of  iron  at  the  extremities  of  the  joists,  it 
presents  no  ornaments. 


PONT  DE  GRAMMONT. 

A  communication  is  formed  by  this  bridge  between  the 
fiay  des  G^Iestins  and  the  isle  Louviers.  This  island  be- 
longed, in  the  seventeenth  century,  to  M.  d'Antraigues, 
who,  in  1671,  let  it  upon  lease  to  the  city,  to  make  a 
wharf  for  landing  goods.  The  island  was  purchased  by 
the  city  in  Uie  same  year,  and  a  wooden  bridge  was  built. 

The,  Pont  de  Grammont  consists  of  five  arches,  the 
cord  of  each  of  which  is  twenty-seven  feet ;  its  breadth 
is  thirty-three  and  a  half,  and  its  length  one  hundred  and 

*  The  outer  piers  ^hich  ioin  tbe  banks. 


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1 36  BtlDOES. 

forty.    The  brMge  was  origliiallj  very  narrow,  bal  HI 
been  widened  at  sereral  successWe  periodt . 


PONT-MARIE. 

This  bridge  forms  a  communicaiion  between  the  foay 
des  Ormes  and  the  isle  Saint  Louis.  It  appears  (rom  an 
ancient  deed,  quoted  by  Sauval/  that,  in  1871,  there 
stood  near  this  spot  a  bridge,  called  Pant  dePu$t  (wooden 
bridge),  (Caupr^  SaifU-BemardrHux-Barrii.  Upon  the 
breaking  up  of  the  frost  in  January,  1408,  when  sereral 
of  the  bridges  of  Paris  were  destroyed,  the  Pont  de  Fiut 
was  carried  away. 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  a  contract  with  Marie,  superin- 
tendant-general  of  the  bridges  in  France,  for  the  erection 
of  houses  upon  the  isle  Saint  Louis,  a  new  stone  brid^. 
according  to  the  terms  of  the  contract,  was  begun. 
Loub  XIIL  and  the  queen,  his  mother,  laid  the  first 
stone,  December  11,  1614.  The  works  experienced  se- 
veral interruptions,  and  the  bridge,  with  the  houses  upon 
it,  was  not  finished  till  1636. 

Successive  inundations  of  the  Seine  damaged  this  bridge, 
and,  in  1658,  two  arches,  with  the  houses  upon  them* 
were  carried  away  by  the  flood.  In  the  following  year, 
the  king  commanded  that  the  pier  and  the  two  arches 
should  be  rebuilt,  and  in  the  mean  time  a  wooden  bridge 
was  constructed,  and  a  toll  for  ten  years  established,  to 
meet  the  expense  of  the  new  works ;  from  which  circum- 
stance we  find  the  bridge  called,  in  some  deeds,  PaHt-m^- 
Double.  The  houses  not  being  rebuilt  with  the  arches, 
the  bridge  appeared  partly  open  and  partly  covered.with 

♦  Tome  UI.,  p.  124. 


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PONT  DE  £A  TOURHELLE,  ETC  137 

edifices,  till  1788,  when  the  whole  were  demolished,  and 
^useways  formed. 

The  Pont-Marie  consists  of  five  semicircular  arches ;  its 
length,  between  the  euUes,  is  three  hundred  and  thirteen 
feet,  and  its  breadth  eevraty-eight  and  a  half* 

PONT  DE  LA  TOCRNELLE- 

This  bridge  communicates  Srom  the  quay  de  la  Tour- 
nelle  to  the  isle  Saint  Louis.  By  a  deed,  referred  to  by 
Sauval,*  it  appears,  that  near  this  spot  there  was,  in  1871^ 
a  bridge  called  the  PofU  de  Fust  de  Cisle  Notrc-Damc; 
that  the  Pant  de  Fust  d^entre  Vt$U  Notre-Dame  et  Saint 
Bernard,  fut  planchU  en  Septembre,  1870 ;  and  that  in 
1869,*there  were  made  une  towmelle  quarrie  et  unt  parte, 
qui  fut  estaupie  Connie  suivante.  From  hence  the  bridge 
derires  its  name. 

A  wooden  bridge,  erected  here  in  execution  of  the  con- 
tract formed  in  1614  with  M.  Marie,  occupies  a  place  in 
a  plan  of  Paris  of  the  year  1620.  In  1687,  it  was  carried 
away  by  the  ice,  and  some  time  after  was  rebuilt  of  wood. 
The  latter  was  in  great  part  destroyed,  in  1661,  by  an  over- 
flowing of  the  Seine,  and  a  determination  was  then  ibrmed 
to  build  it  of  stone.  According  to  an  inscription  under  one 
of  the  arches,  the  present  bridge  was  finished  in  1666. 

The  Pant  de  la  Taumelle  is  bordered  with  causeways. 
It  consists  of  six  semicircular  arches,  and  its  length  be- 
tween the  euUes  is  three  hundred  and  eighty-eight  feet. 


PONT  DE  LA  CITfi. 


The  project  to  erect  a  bHdge  between  the  isle  de  la  Git6 
and  the  isle  Saint  Louis  was  first  formed  in  1614 ;  but 

*  Tome  in.,  p.  124. 


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438  BRIDGES. 

the  oj^K^itioa  which  it  met  with  from  the  chapter  of 
Notre-Dame  retarded  its  execution  for  scferal  years;  and 
as  the  chiqpter  pertinaciously  refused  to  permit  it  to  rest 
upon  ground  within  their  jurisdiction,  the  bridge  when 
completed  presented  the  form  of  an  obtuse  angle.  It  was 
built  of  woody  and  in  consequence  of  its  irregular  form» 
was  about  five  hundred  feet  in  length. 

In  1634,  a  jubilee,  by  the  pope's  permission,  was  cele- 
brated at  Paris.  The  processions  of  three  parishes  meet- 
ing at  the  same  moment  on  this  bridge,  and  each  being 
eager  to  arrive  first  at  the  church  of  Notre-Dame,  so  greal 
was  the  pressure  that  the  railing  gave  way  in  two  places, 
and  a  number  of  persons  were  precipitated  into  the  Seine. 
Twenty  individuals  were  drowned,  and  forty  others 
seriously  wounded.  In  1636,  upon  the  celebration  of  a 
jubilee,  the  Partemem,  in  order  to  prevent  acddents, 
commanded  barriers  to  be  placed  at  all  the  wooden 
bridges. 

This  bridge  was  greatly  damaged  by  ice  in  1700,  and 
was  taken  down  in  the  following  y«ar.  In  1717,  it  was 
rebuilt,  still  for  foot  passengers  only,  who  paid  a  toll, 
and  being  painted  red,  it  took  the  name  of  Pant  Bougc 
About  the  year  1700,  being  in  a  ruinous  state,  it  was 
demolished. 

A  decree  for  the  erection  of  a  new  bridge,  to  be  called 
Pant  de  la  CiU,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  spot  occu- 
pied by  the  Pont  Rouge,  was  issued  in  1801,  and  the 
works  executed  under  die  direction  of  M.  Ganthey,  were 
completed  in  1804.  It  was  built  by  a  company,  who 
collect  a  toll ;  and  consisted  of  two  wooden  arches,  sup- 
ported by  cuUes  and  a  pier  of  masonry.  The  wood 
work  was  covered  with  tin,  painted  stone  colour;  but 
being  extremely  light,  it  was  violently  shaken  by  the  pas- 
sage of  carriages  and  troops  at  the  time  of  Bonaparte  *§ 


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?ONT  AU  DOVBIE,    BTC.  1  39 

corooatioB^  and  in  ±8i9  il  wat  found  necessary  to  renew 
the  ardies.  Tbej  are  now  formed  of  aolid  oak»  bound 
with  iron  braoea.  "Sbe  oord  of  tbe  arebea  ia  one  bundt^ 
and  three  feet;  its  breadth  is  thirty-four,  and  its  total 
kngtfa  two  faondred  and  sixteen. 

A  stre^  opened  in  front  of  this  bridge,  between  the 
arehbashofi's  palaoe  and  some  i^rate  housee,  is  called  rue 

PONT  AU  DOUBLE. 

This  bridge  was  bnik  m  1634,  by  the  administrators  of 
the  Hdtet-Dieu,  and  communicates  from  the  roe  de  la 
Bucherie  to  the  rue  rSr^qiie.  Part  of  {\s  breadth  is 
occupied  by  the  buiMiiigs  of  the  hospital.  The  e^ct  for 
its  erection  sets  forth  that  Us  gens  h  che^at  pawr&nt  six 
dcniers;  but  a  \uritttite  beiag  put  up,  it  served  only  for 
persons  on  foot.  Its  name  was  derhed  from  the  toll  of  a 
double  for  each  passenger.  The  double  ceasing  to  be  in 
circulation  at  the  rerOlntfon,  a  liard  became  the  toll,  but 
the  bri<%e  is  now  free. 

PONT  SAINT  CHARLES. 

This  is  a  prirate  bridge,  belonging  to  the  Hdtd-Dieu, 
and  forms  a  communication  between  the  buildmgs  of  that 
hospital.  It  was  constructed  in  1606,  and  took  ita  name 
from  a  ward  called  Salle  Saint  Charles. 


PONT  NOTRE-DAMB. 
This  bridge  leads  from  the  me  de  la  Lanteme  to  the 
rue  Planche-AKbrai,  and  thus  forms  a  communicatien  in  a 
straight  line  from  the  Porte  Saint-Jaeqwa  to  the  Porte 
Samt-Martin. 


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140  BRIDGBS. 

Before  the  year  1318  there  ezbted  near  thii  tpoi  a 
wooden  bridge^  which  serred  as  a  conunonication  to  milb 
built  upon  the  Seine.  It  wat  called  Planeke  de  Mibrmi, 
or  Us  Planeh€$  de  Mibrai,  a  name  deriired  from  the  ^oi 
upon  which  its  northern  extremity  rested,  and  which  the 
street  et  the  end  of  the  present  bridge  still  retaou. 

In  the  year  1&12,  the  prifvH  d€$  marehand$  and 
iehemns  obtained  letters-patent,  anthorising  them  to  erect 
a  new  bridge  at  Aeir  own  expense,  notwithstanding  the 
opposition  made  to  the  project  by  sereral  9eignemr$  of 
Paris.  The  king  resenred  to  himself  the  right  of  hamie 
moyennc  and  banc  jutlice,  and  mioUc  impire,  claimed 
certain  profits  out  of  the  rents  of  the  houses,  and  stipa- 
hted  expressly  that  no  goldsmith  or  money-changer  should 
lire  on  the  bridge. 

On  the  81st  of  May,  1&12,  Gharleft  VL  drofe  the  first 
pile,  which  ceremony  was  successively  performed  by  all 
the  nobles  of  his  court.  The  Journal  dc  Ports  of  the 
above  date  says  :  '*  This  day  the  Patu  de  PUmeke  dc 
Mibrai  was  named  Pant  Natrt-Dame  by  Charles  VI., 
king  of  France,  who  struck  the  first  pile ;'  as  did  afterwards 
the  duke  de  Guienne,  his  son,  the  duke  de  Berry,  the  duke 
de  Bourgogne,  the  sire  de  la  Trimouille,*'  etc. 

It  appears  that  this  bridge,  which  was  built  of  wood, 
was  not  finished  till  about  seven  years  afterwards.  Ro- 
bert Gaguin  gives  the  following  description  of  it: — "  It 
was  seventy  pa$  and  four  pieds  (four  hundred  and  four- 
teen feet)  long,  and  eighteen  pa$  (ninety  feet)  wide.  It 
was  supported  by  seventeen  wooden  piers,  eadi  of  wfakh 
was  composed  of  thirty  pieces  of  timber,  and  each  of 
these  pieces  was  more  than  two  feet  square.  There  werr 
sixty  houses  built  upon  it,  thirty  on  each  side.  These 
houses  were  remarkable  for  their  height,  and  the  uni- 
formity of  thoir  construction.     In  walking  over  it,  the 


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POnr  IfOTRS-DlME.  141 

Hirer  not  being  seen»  it  were  easy  to  imagine  oneself  in  tba 
midst  of  a  fair,  fivom  the  number  and  rariety  of  the  goods 
there  offered  for  sale.  It  may  be  said  without  exa^^ra- 
tion,  that  this  bridge,  from  the  beauty  and  regularity  of 
the  houses  upon  it,  was  one  of  the  handsomest  works  in 
France/' 

On  the  26th  of  October,  1&09,  about  nine  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  this  bridge  fell  down.  Robert  Gagnin  in- 
forms us  that  its  £dl  was  attributed  to  the  avarice  of  the 
prSvdt  dcs  marchandi  and  ickevins,  who  received  for 
each  of  the  houses  an  annual  rent  of  eighty  livres,  but  laid 
out  a  very  small  sum  in  repairs.  He  adds,  that  the  sur- 
veyor of  the  public  works  had  the  year  before  warned 
the  corporation  of  its  danger  in  vain.  On  the  morning 
of  October  26,  a  master-carpenter  having  said  to  one 
of  the  magistrates  that  the  bridge  would  fall  that  day» 
was  sent  to  prison,  and  the  magistrate  repairing  immedi- 
ately to  ihe  Parlement,  met  Baillet  the  president,  to  whom 
he  denounced  him  as  a  miserable  wretch  that  bad  jusi 
predicted  the  fell  of  the  bridge.  The  ParlemerU,  regard- 
less of  the  magistrate's  anger,  instantly  dispatched  orders 
to  the  inhabitants  of  the  bridge  to  remove,  and  guards  were 
placed  at  the  extremities  to  prevent  the  passage  of  indivi- 
duals. Fissures  soon  appeared  in  the  pavement  and  in 
the  houses,  and  at  length  the  bridge  fell  with  a  tremen- 
dous crash,  and  a  cloud  of  dust  arose  which  obscured 
the  atmosphere.  Several  of  the  inhabitants,  too  eager 
to  remove  their  effects,  were  buried  in  the  ruins.  The 
course  of  the  river  was  obstructed,  and  the  sudden  eleva- 
tion of  the  water  carried  away  several  women  who  were 
washing  linen  on  the  shore.  Many  other  accidents  like- 
wise occurred. 

The  negligence  of  the  magistrates  did  not  remain  un- 
punished.   The  ParUment  sent  the  privdt  (Us  marchands 


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'  442  BRIDGES. 

and  ickevim  to  friiOD,  and  by  a  procbonatioD^  dated 
January  0th,  1600,  deposed  Jacques  PiAdefer,  the  pri^fdi, 
as  well  as  the  iekevins,  declared  them  incapable  c^  hold- 
faig  any  office  fai  future,  and  laid  upon  them  very  heaTj 
fines,  part  of  which  was  applied  towards  the  eipense  ot 
rebuilding  the  bridge.  The  king  also  granted,  for  the 
s«ne  purpose,  a  tax  for  six  years  of  mb  denien  pour  Uvrc 
upon  all  dofen-iboted  animals  which  entered  Paris. 

The  foundations  of  a  new  bridge  in  stone  were  laid  the 
same  year,  and  during  its  construction  a  finrry-hoat  wat 
established  upon  the  riyer.  The  abbot  an4  monks  of 
Saint-Germain-des-Plr6s  opposed  the  establishment  of  this 
ferry-boat  upon  the  ground  of  privileges  granted  to  them  by 
king  Ghildebert,  and  it  was  necessary  to  obtain  a  decree 
of  the  P^irUmemi  to  remore  the  obstacles  which  they 
raised. 

Jean  Joconde,  a  Franciscan  friar,  who  had  snperin- 
tended  the  construction  of  die  Pelit-Patu,  was  charged 
with  the  works  of  the  new  bridge,  which  proceeded  very 
slowly  for  want  of  funds,  and  were  not  completed  tiD  the 
year  1507.  It  consists  of  five  semicircular  archea  which 
are  admired  for  the  boldness  of  their  architecture. 

Beneath  one  of  die  arches  was  this  distich  by  JSannaiar, 
in  honour  of  the  architect: — 

Jucundos  gemiaiun  posnit  tibi,  Saqvana,  pouteni ; 
Hanc  l«  jars  potei  dicera  Pontificem. 

An  inscription  under  one  of  the  arches  ran  as  follows : — 

Soil  mtooire  ipie  sanedi  40  nttet  iSOf ,  SBfrioti  sept  keuns  da 
i«ir,  par  noble  honune  Dveux-RAguiei*,  psi?ost  desnurchands;  Jean 
de  Lierre,  Pierre  Paulmier,  Nicolas  SiSguier  et  Hugues  de  NennOe, 
Serins  de  1^  rille  de  Paris,  ftit  assise  la  demi^pierre  de  latiiiAase 
et  demi^  arche  da  Pont  Nostre-Dame  de  Paiis,  at  4  oc  teois  pre- 
sent quantity  de  peuple  de  la  dicte  rille,  par  lequel,  pour  la  joie  da 
parach^ement  de  d  grand  et  magnifique  oeuyre,  fust  crie  Noel  et 
grande  joie  d^men^ ;  avec  tronpeUes  et  dairons  qui  soon^rent  par 
long  espace  de  temps. 


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PONT  NOTRE-DAHE.  H3    . 

Seventy  bouses  were  at  firsi  constructed  upon  this 
bridge;  but  afterwards,  when  quays  were  formed,  several 
of  them  were  pulled  down,  leaving  only  thirty  on  one  side» 
and  thirty-one  on  the  other. 

This  bridge,  which  was  repaired  in  1677  and  1669,  is 
the  most  ancient  in  Paris ;  it  is  the  first  which  was  sub- 
stantially built,  and  of  which  the  arches  received  an  ele- 
vation proportioned  to  the  overflowings  of  the  Seine. 

The  houses  upon  the  bridge,  which  were  uniform  and 
built  of  brick,  were  repaired  and  ornamented  in  1660, 
for  the  entry  of  the  cpieen  consort  of  Louis  XIY.  The 
stone  pillars  which  divided  the  houses  bore  large  figures  in 
the  form  of  male  and  female  termini,  each  of  which  had 
a  festoon  attached  to  a  large  cartouch,  which  served  as  a 
sort  of  girdle.  The  shafts  were  in  imitation  of  marble  of 
diflerent  colours ;  the  cartouches  and  the  festoons  were 
variously  painted  to  represent  fruits  and  flowers.  On  the 
heads  of  the  termini  were  ba^ets  of  fruits  and  flowers. 
Between  them  were  medallions,  three  feet  in  diameter,  the 
first  of  which  bore  the  royal  arms,  and  the  others  portraits 
of  all  the  kings  of  France.  Below  each  portreit  was  a  cha- 
racteristic motto  in  Latin. 

At  the  extremities,  m  four  niches,  were  statues  of  Saint 
Louis,  Henry  FV. ,  Louis  XIIL ,  and  Louis  XJV. 

In  describing  these  statues  and  medallions,  we  shall 
begin  at  the  side  towards  the  church  of  Saint-Denis-de-la- 
Ghartre,  and  proceed  in  regular  order. 

In  a  niche  the  statue  of  Louis  XIII.  in  his  royal  robes. 
Motto  : — 

Religtonb  amor  docuit  punire  rebelles. 

LuDovicus  XIV.    1643. 
Goosiliis  ai'Diifqiie  potens. 

Henhicus  IV.    IS89. 
Fcrro  mea  rcgna  rederai. 


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444  BRIDGES* 

CUaoi^usIX.   1560. 
JattilUm  pieCai  acuit. 

Franciscus  Priicvs,  R.  a.    1515. 
InHectorm  solus  Achilles,  (i) 

LupoYicvs  Xn.    R*  A.    1496* 
Viditqae  parratem  Gallia. 

LvDovicDs  XI.    R*  A.    1461. 
Prodenii  callidus  arti. 

CaholusVI.    A.S.    1380. 
Bonus  omnibus,  optimus  urbi. 

Joannes,  R.  A.    1350. 
Yici  quanqnam  Yictus. 

CaeolusIV.    1322.(2) 
EjLtrk  formosus  et  intr4. 

Lirnovicus  X.    R.  A.    1314.  (3) 
Aspera  semper  amans. 

PfliLiPFusin.    1270.(4) 
Quam  forti  pectore  et  armis ! 

LwDovicrs  Vm.    1223.  (5) 
Metuendus  in  baeresin  ultor. 

LuDOTicvs  VIL    1137. 
Solymas  assertor  dasse  pelin. 

Philifpus  I.    1060. 
Lasta  dedi  piimordia  r^ni. 

Robertus.    998. 
OmnigBniB  TJrtutis  alumnus. 

LuDovicus  y.    986.  (6) 
Terns  hunc  tantum  ostenderunt  fata. 

(!)  In  allusion  to  his  contest  with  the  Emperor  CSiarles  Y • 

(2)  Sumamed  le  Bel. 

(3)  Sumamed  le  Hutin. 

(4)  Sumamed  le  Hardi, 

(5)  He  drof  e  the  Albigenses  out  of  Prorence  and  Languedoc. 

(6)  He  reigned  onlj  fifteen  months,  and  in  him  ended  the  second 
race  of  kmgi,  called  Carlovingian, 


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PONT  NOTBE-DAME.  145 

LtTDOviccs  IV.    936.  (!) 
Terris  me  reddidit  squor. 

Cabolub  m.    898.  (2) 
Quo  nee  f  incerior  alter. 

CA&OI.V8II.    885. 
Imperio  regnoque  poteiu. 

LuDOYicus  n.    877. 
Tot  per  discrimina  regno. 

Linx»yici»I.    814. 
Bii  cado  bisqae  resurgo. 

Pepinvs.    752. 
Memit  regnare  Tocatos. 

Chiupiilicvs  n.    715. 
Oaustris  fero  aceptra  rdictis. 

Daoobsrtus  II.    711. 
Breris  mihi  gloria  r^pi.. 

ChOJHprmva  TEL,    650. 
Socio  confidimus  uni. 

GHUiDSEiouK  IL    676. 
Oauitro  disdnsiinns  hostes. 

Daoobxrtus  I.    628. 
Mttlti  post  bella  triomphi. 

Chu^ SRicus  I.    570. 
InfaoBtis  aribiis  yexi. 

In  a  mche,  the  statue  of  Henry  lY.     Motto  :  -«- 

Gifilia  bella  redimi. 

In  the  opposite  niche,  the  statue  of  Saint  Louis,  holding 

a  cnmn  of  thorns.    Motto  :*— 

Gestare  hie  dapticem  memit  portare  coronam. 

Ghxu>xbzrtu8  I.    511. 
Annatus  terror  Iberi. 

CLOTARItTS.     558. 

Themidi  mnsamm  numina  junxi. 

Glotaeivs  n.    584. 

De  spinis  rosanata  fui. 

(1)  Samamed  Outrcmer.  (2)  Simamed  U  Simple. 

▼OL.    III.  K 


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446  BRIDGES. 

Clopov^us  n.    644. 
Vigili  sUiit  regna  ministro. 

Clotabius  in.    660. 
Dulceni  inihi  malo  quietem. 

TfiBODonicrs.    667. 
Donis  attximiu  aras. 

Cbildebebtcs  n.    694. 
Pius  idem  ac  omnibtis  sqaas. 

Theodobicus  II.    720. 
Nos  aliquod  nomeBqae  deciuque  gessimus. 

Cuii^DERicrs  in.    743.  (i) 
RegBum  nutabile  sensi. 

Carolus  Magnus.    768. 
Consilio  major  qai  magnns  in  armis. 

CAROLrs  n.    840. 

Pugnare  ct  Tiocere  doctns. 

LudOvicus  el  Cahlohanncs.    879. 

Rara  hsec  concordia  fratrom 

Ooo.     888.(2) 

Suipisa  petit  Utot. 

RODOLPHUS.     923. 

Siimmo  dolcius  stare  loco. 

LioTHAmius.    954. 
Return  ei tendimus  armis. 

HKifRicutt  I.    lOdi. 
Belli  pedsque  peritus. 
LuDovicus  VI.     Ii08. 
Par  cuictUDque  perido. 

PniLippus  II.     1180. 
Augusti  refero  eognomine  dotes. 

S.  LUDOTIOUS.     ISjM. 

Decupaddite  ooelo. 

PmuFVoe  IV.    IfiSS. 
Forti  C^UKK  €op)i^  fortif . 

(!)  In  him  ended  the  first  race  of  kings,  cafled  Merovimgimm 
(2)  Foulques  archbishop  of  Rheims,  Herbert  count  of  Y 

and  Baldwin  count  of  Flanders,  being  jealous  of  Odo, 

to  driTc  btm  from  the  tbrose. 


\ 


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PONT  NOTRE-DAME.  147 

PfllwrPUS  V.     1316. 
Impeno  poUens  tractare  sereno. 

Philippus  VI.    1328.(1) 
Ramo  aTulso  non  defkit  alter. 

Carolits  V.    1964. 
Immanes  potai  superare  proceUas. 

CAHOiusVn.    1422. 

GoBlum  sub  virgine  faustum.  (2) 

CAHoi-UiVin.    1483. 
"Viam  gaudens  fecisse  ruina.  (3) 

HfiNRicxjs  n.    1547. 
Ora  impia  kge  rq)ressi. 

Francisctjs  n.    1559.  (4) 
iEtas  brerb  aptaqae  regno. 

Henricus  m. 
ExtenuB  patnam  praepono  corooe. 

LuDOTicvs  Xm.    1610. 
Fidei  et  regni  expulit  hostes. 

The  next  medallion  presented  a  dolphin  or,  crowned,  in 
a  field  azure.     Motto : — 

SgffiB  altera  regni. 
In  a  niche,  a  statue  of  Louis  XIV.     Motto  : — 

Gallia  conmibio  iranquillA  pace  quiescit. 
Some  other  medallions  were  destroyed  when  the  quay 
Pellclier  was  formed.     They  were  as  follows  : — 

PffiiRAiiinintJS.    420. 
Imperium  sine  fine  dedi. 

Clodio.    428. 
Rom«  Tix  cessimus  nnL 

Mbroyjbvs.    448. 
Nobis  ferns  Attila  oeant. 

(1)  The  branch  of  the  Capets  being  ended,  Philip  de  Yalois  sue-' 
eaeded  to  the  throne. 

(2)  In  allusion  to  the  Maid  of  Orleans. 

(3)  In  allusion  to  his  victories  in  Italy. 

(4)  The  short-UiTed  husband  of  Mary  Stuart. 

k2 


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148  BRIDGES. 

Grild£ricu8  I.    458. 

Redii  pieute  deeoms. 

Glodoyjbus  I.    4S2.  (1) 

Saltu  mihi  conjuge  ptrta  est. 

Huoo  Capstus.    987. 

In  melius  noms  innoro  regiuun. 

During  the  reign  of  Louis  XTV.  an  archiiectunJ  door 
was  raised  on  one  of  the  sides  of  this  bridge,  with  a  me- 
daUion  of  the  king»  and  the  inscription  — 

LvDOYico  Magho. 

Below  it  on  a  tablet  of  black  marble  were  the  followuig 
elegant  yerses,  by  Santeuil,  in  gold  letters  : — 

Sequana  cum  pritnum  reginac  allabilur  urbi» 

Tarda!  prscipites  arobitiosus  aquas  : 
Captus  amore  loci,  cunam  obliyiscitur,  anceps 

Quo  fluat,  et  dulces  nectit  in  urbe  moras, 
Hinc  Tarios  iroplens  fluctu  subeunte  canales, 

Foos  fieri  gaudet,  qui  modo  fluroen  erat. 

These  lines  were  translated  as  follows  by  ComeiUe : — 

Que  le  dieu  de  la  Seine  a  d  a^lour  pour  Paris ! 
D^  qu'il  en  peut  baiser  les  rif  ages  ch^ris, 
De  ses  flots  suspendus  la  descente  plus  douce 
Laisse  douter  aux  y  eux  s*il  a? ance  ou  rebrousse ; 
Luy-mesme  k  son  canal  il  d^robe  ses  eanz, 
Qu*il  y  fait  rejaillir  par  de  secrettes  yeines; 
£t  le  plaisir  qu*il  prend  k  Toir  des  lieiix  si  beaux, 
De  grand  fleure  qu*il  est,  le  transfoilne  en  footainat. 

These  verses  had  a  reference  to  two  large  pumps  under 
the  bridge  for  supplying  the  fountains  of  Paris. 

In  1786,  the  houses  upon  the  bridge  were  demolished; 
it  was  repaired  and  new  fronted ;  the  ascent  was  leTcUed, 
and  causeways  were  formed. 

Perefixe  relates,  in  his  life  of  Henry  lY.,  that  as  the 

(!)  H«  was  conierted  to  ibe  christian  religion  by  Sainte  CbtiUB, 
his  wife. 


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LE  PXTIT  PONT.  149 

king  was  passing  over  the  Pont  Notre-Dame,  after  the  peace, 
of  VerrinSy  the  Spanish  ambassador,  who  accompanied 
him»  expressed  hb  astonishment  at  the  vast  concourse  who, 
pressing  around,  left,  his  majesty  scarcely  room  to  pass. 
Henry -replied — ''  Sir,  this  is  not)iing;  you  should  see 
them  during  a  battle :  they  crowd  around  me  then  a  great 
deal  more/' 

It  was  over  this  bridge  that  the  famous  procession  of 
the  Uguc  passed  on  the  8d  of  June  i&90. 


LE  PETIT  PONT. 

The  eustence  of  a  bridge,  at  this  spot,  which  was  for- 
merly the  only  conmiunication  between  the  Isle  de  la  Cii6 
and  the  southern  bank  of  the  Seine,  goes  back  to  the 
earliest  historical  period.  In  886,  it  was  carried  away  by 
an  inundation.  It  was  several  times  destroyed  and  rebuilt 
between  that  period  and  1176,  when  a  new  duaster  occur- 
ring, it  was  re-constructed  by  the  liberality  of  Maurice  de 
Sully,  bishop  of  Paris. 

In  the  years  1196,  1206,  1280. 1296, 1825, 1876  and 
1898,  the  Petit  Pant  was  successively  carried  away  and 
rebuilt.  In  the  latter  year  the  expense' of  its  construction 
was  paid  by  a  fine  levied  upon  the  Jews.  The  decree  set 
forth,  that  of  the  sum  of  10,000  livres  to  be  paid  by  the 
Jews,  9,600  livres  should  be  *^emplojies  ^  on  pant  de 
.pierres,  qui  $e  cammancerait  d  une  taut  qui  est  d  Petit 
Pant,  et  i'addresierait  devant  Fhuit  de  derriere  de  CHdtel 
Dim.'' 

Upon  the  breaking  up  of  the  frost  in  January  1&08,  the 
Petit  Pont,  with  two  other  bridges  of  Paris,  were  carried 
away.  Its  reconstruction  was  Commenced  in  1&09,  but 
for  want  of  funds  the  works  were  suspended.  At  length, 
the  king  having  presented  the  unfinished  bridge  to  the 


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450  BRIDGES. 

city,  it  was  oompieied,  and  booses  erected  upon  the  sides. 
Tbese  booses,  which  were  rery  irregular,  were  r^oih 
upon  the  same  plan  in  1662  and  1608. 

Fresh  immdations  caused  new  disasters  to  the  AMit 
Pont  in  14M9, 1661,  and  1658,  and  when  reboilt  in  1860, 
an  inscription  stated  that  it  was  re-established  at  a  grsat 
expense,  under  the  prevdU  of  M.  de  S^ye.  At  length,  io 
1718,  it  was  burned  down  by  two  boats  laden  with 
hay,  which  having  accidentally  taken  fire,  and  being  ob- 
structed in  their  course  by  the  bridge,  communicated  the 
flames  to  the  woodwork,  from  whence  they  mounted  to  the 
houses  with  irresistible  rapidity.  It  was  then  rebuilt  in 
stone,  as  it  now  appears,  and  causewajrs  were  snbstitoted 
for  the  houses. 

The  Petit  Pont  consists  of  three  irregular  arches. 


PONT  AU  CHANGE. 

Near  the  spot  occupied  by  the  Pont  aa  Change  there 
was  formerly  a  bridge  called  Pont  aux  Colombes^  beeanse 
pigeons  were  sold  there.  It  was  afterwards  rebuilt,  and 
named  Pont  aux  Meunien^  a  number  of  mills  being  ooo- 
structed  upon  it.  Except  a  small  covered  passage  is  the 
centre,  diese  mills  occupied  the  whole  of  the  bridge,  and 
•o  great  was  the  concussion,  that  in  1506  it  fell  down, 
and  a  number  of  persons  were  drowned. 

A  captain  of  the  city  archers,  named  Biarchand,  on- 
dertook  to  reconstruct  it  at  his  own  expense,  upon  con- 
dition that  it  should  be  called  Pont  lUarehand.  It  was 
finished  in  1609,  and  bore  the  following  distich  : — 

Pons  olim  siihmcrstis  aquis,  nunc  mole  rcsurgo  ; 
Mercatoi  fecit,  nomen  et  ipse  dedit. 

This  bridge  was  dcstroyrd  by  fire  Oclober  2^,  1621,  and 
never  robuilt. 


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PONT  AU  CHANGE.  45< 

At  a  short  distance  frdm  the  Pcnl  BM^hAnd  stciod  a 
bridge  of  a  much  earlier  date,  Diamed  te  Grand  Pont, 
which  originally  formed  the  only  communication  beiwee)i 
the  Isle  de  la  Cit6  and  the  northern  hank  of  the  Seine. 
Upoa  this  bridge,  which  was  of  wood,  ]iK>uis  YIL,  in 
1141,  fixed  the  fesideilce  of  moiiey-changers,  and  prohi- 
bited them  from  dwelling  elsewhere.  It  then  took  the 
name  of  Pant  aux  Changeurs,  au  Change,  or  de  la  Mar- 
ehandUe.     The  second  of  these  names  it  still  retains. 

An  inundation  of  the  Seine  in  January,  1280,  having 
carried  away  six  arches  of  the  Pont  au  Change,  they  were 
rebuilt  in  stone.  Sixteen  years  afterwards  the  entire 
bridge  was  destroyed  by  a  flood,  which  was  sq  great  and 
of  such  long  duration,  that  many  of  the  inhabitants, 
being  confined  to  their  house,  died  of  hunger.  In  Ja- 
nuary, 1&08,  when  seyeral  of  the  bridges  of  Paris  were 
destroyed  by  the  ice  at  the  breaking  up  of  the  frost,  the 
Pont-au  CAange  resisted  the  attack,  but  fourteen  of  the 
bouses  upon  it  were  shaken  down. 

After  the  destruction  of  this  bridge  in  1579,  it  was  rebuilt 
of  wood,  but  being  distant  only  thirty  feet  from  the  Pont 
Marchand,  upon  the'  burning  of  the  latter,  in  1621,  the 
Pant  au  Change  took  fire  and  was  totally  destroyed.*  The 
course  of  the  Seine  was  stopped  by  the  ruins  of  the  two 
bridge,  and  so  great  was  the  distress  of  the  persons  who 
occupied  the  houses  upon  them,  that  the  Parlemeni  anlho* 
rised  collections  to  be  made  for  their  relief. 

The  reconstruction  of  the  bridge  was  begun  ih  1689, 
and  finished  in  1647 ;  it  was  built  of  stone,  and  had  houses 
on  each  side.  At  its  northern  extremity  were  two  en- 
Crances^,  formed  by  a  triangular  building,  the  front  of 
which  corresponded  to  the  centre  of  the  road,  and  was 
omapiented  with  a  large  bas-relief,  by  Guillain,  in  bronze 
upon  a  black  marble  ground,  representing  Louis  XIV.  at 


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^^52  BUDGES. 

ten  jean  of  ige,  crowned  by  Yict<M7;  near  him  atood 
Louis  XIIL  and  Anne  of  Aostria^  in  their  royal 
Below  the  bas-relief  were  figures  of  captives  in 
and  the  following  inscription :  — 

Ce  pout  «  M  cammmd  le  19  de  fcpCembre,  1639,  da| 
r^e  de  LQuis-Ie-Jitfte,  ti  acher^  le  20  d'octobce,  4^7, 
Louis  XI  Vy  sons  rheureuie  r^gence  de  la  reine  Anne  d" Antri^t  ia 
ni^. 

The  bas-relief  gave  occasion  to  a  very  severe  satire. 
Louis  XIII.  was  supposed  to  address  the  queen,  saying  : 


Cet  enfant  ett-il  bien  de  nioi?~Ah,  Sire, 
PouTez  me  Dure  one  question  paretlle ! — 
Cest  ^al,  petit  boohomme,  rit  toiqoors. 

This  monument  was  repaired  in  i781.  when  the  foOow- 
ing  inscription  was  added  : — 

Ge  monument  a  ^t^  rdubli  poor  les  propri^tains  des  natsant  eC  dn 
Pont  au  Change,  1781. 

The  cause  of  this  inscription  seems  to  hafe  been  the 
decision  giren  in  a  lawsuit  instituted  in  1768,  to  ascertain 
whether  the  bridge  belonged  to  the  proprietors  of  the  bouses 
upon  it,  or  to  the  city  of  Paris*  The  king  in  cooncO  ad- 
judged the  bridge  to  the  proprietors  of  the  houses. 

Opposite  the  Pant  au  Change,  at  the  extremity  of  the 
rue  Saint  Denis,  stood  the  Grand  Chdteta,  and  near  it 
the  Grande  Boucherie.  These  buildings  formed  an  esor> 
moiu  and  deformed  mass,  which  quite  obstructed  thnt 
quarter  of  the  city.  In  1788,  LouU  XVL  purchased 
the  houses  upon  the  bridge  for  the  sum  of  1,200,000 
livres,  and  they  were  taken  down. 

The  Pont  au  Change  consisU  of  seven  semioirciilar 
arches  of  a  subsUntial  but  ineli^ant  constraction.  lis 
length  between  the  cuUes  is  four  hundred  and  twehre  fcot, 
and  its  breadth  serenty-eight. 


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PONT  SAINT  mcniL.  1 53 

It  was.  o?er  diis  bridge  thai  the  kings  and  queens  of 
France  were  accustomed  to  pass  upon  their  pubMc  entries 
into  the  capital.  In  ±i89,  when  Isabella  of  Bavaria,  con- 
sort of  Charles  YL  made  her  entry  into  Paris/  in  passing 
oyer  the  Pont  au  Change,  a  man  descended  upon  a  rope 
fattened  to  one  of  the  J(owers  of  the  cathedral,  and  placed 
a  crown  upon  her  head. 

On  Sundays  and  fStes,  persons  were  allowed  lo  expose 
birds  for  sale  upon  this  bridge,  on  condition  that  they 
should  let  two  hundred  doz«s  fly  at  the  moment  when 
a  king  or  queen  of  France  was  crossing,  the  bridge  in 
procession. 

PONT  SAINT  MICHEL. 

The  precise  date  of  the  first  construction  of  this  bridjge 
is  unknown.  Jaillot  is  of  opinion  that  it  was  upon  the 
same  spot  that  Charles-le-Chauve  erected  a  bridge,  called 
the  Petit  Pont,  then  Petit  Pont  Neuf,  or  Pont  Neuf.  As 
early  as  ±h2^  it  was  called  Pont  Saint  Michel,  bl  name 
derived  from  a  small  church  dedicated  to  Saint  Michel, 
which  stood  near  it. 

In  1878,  Charles  Y.  commanded  Hugues  Aubriot,  cap- 
tain and  prevdt,  to  rebuild  this  bridge,  and  all  the  idlers 
and  vagabonds  in  the  city  were  employed  in  the  works. 
In  January,  1408,  on  the  same  day  that  the  Petit 
Font  was  carried  away  by  the  masses  of  ice  which* 
came  down  the  Seine,  the  Pont  St.  Michel,  although  built 
of  stone,  was  destroyed.  The  waters  of  the  river  rose,  to 
such  a  height  by  the  melting  of  the  ice,  that  the  Parlement 
were  obliged  to  discontinue  their  sittings  at  the  Palaie,  and 
to  assemble  in  the  abbey  of  Sainte  Genevieve. 

The  reconstruction  of  the  bridge  had  not  proceeded  far 

♦  Seep.  77. 


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154  BEIDGES. 

before  the  works  were  suspended  for  want  of  funds.  Ii 
appears,  howefer,  lo  have  been  completed  in  1410,  ibr, 
in  the  aceompts  of  the  citj  for  that  year,  it  is  statad  that 
Jean  de  Taranne  built  siiteen  (agea,  which  covered  oo 
both  sides  half  the  length  of  the  Pont  Saint  Michel, 
and  that  these  loges  were  ceded  to  4be  said  Taranne  asd 
his  children,  upon  condition  that  they  should  pay  to  the 
city  of  Paris  16  lirres  per  annum.  The  lage$  ef  the  otker 
half  of  the  bridge  were  constructed  by  Michel  deLallier, 
and  held  by  him  upon  the  same  terms. 

In  1647,  the  Pom  Saint  Michel  was  partly  destroyed, 
as  appears  from  the  following  manuscript  note,  in  an  old 
edition  of  Robert  Gaguin*s  history : — Anno  1547  pouridie 
Conceptionis  beatw  Marut  virginis,  circa  medians  noc- 
tent,  ingravtscentc  fluvii  Scquanoc  aqud,  pars  smpertcr 
pontis  qui  apud  LuUtiam  Sancti  Michaclis  pons  dicisur, 
ruind  collapsa  est. — It  was  rebuilt  soon  afterwards,  and 
previous  to  1616  underwent  repairs  several  times.  On 
the  30th  of  January  of  that  year,  a  sudden  thaw  caused 
such  an  increase  in  the  waters  of  the  Seine,  that  part  of 
the  Pont  Saint  Michel,  with  the  houses  upon  it,  was  car- 
ried away.*  In  July  following,  the  remainder  of  the 
bridge  fell. 

A  company  oflered  to  rebuild  it  of  stone,  with  thirty- 
two  houses  of  uniform  appearance  upon  the  sides,  on  con- 
dition of  their  receiving  the  rents  for  sixty  years.  The 
offer  was  accepted,  and  soon  after  an  arrangement  was 
made  by  which  the  company  held  the  houses  in  per- 
petuity. 

*  The  cold  wis  so  intense  that  Louis  Xm.,  returning  widi  bis 
bride  to  Paris  from  Bordeaux,  where  his  mania^e  had  been  celebrated^ 
lost  great  part  of  his  eKort  on  tbo  road.  Of  a  single  regiment  of 
the  guards,  consisting  of  three  thousand  men,  more  than  one  thou- 
sand died  of  cold. 


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PONT  3AINT  MICHEL.  )  55 

A  royal  edict,  bsued  in  Sej^leknliier^  178B»  ordnined  that 
the  homes  upon  all  the  bridges  in  Paris  should  be  taken 
down.  With  regard  to  the  Pom  Saint  Michel,  this  ediet 
was  not  carried  into  execution  till  1804«  The  houses 
were  then  demolished,  the  carriage  road  widened,  and  its 
steepness  considerably  diminished.  Causeways  were  raised, 
and  some  houses  at  the  two  extremities  were  remored. 

This  bridge  is  formed  of  four  semicircular  arches ;  iis 
length  between  the  cul6e$  is  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet 
and  a  half,  and  its  breadth  eighty-three. 

At  the  end  of  the  rue  Git4e-CGBur,  near  the  Pont  Saint 
Michel,  Francis  I.  built  a  small  palace,  which  communi- 
cated with  the  hotel  of  the  duchess  d'£tampes,  in  the  rue 
de  rilirondelle.*  The  paintings  in  fresco,  the  pictures,  the 
hangings,  the  salamanders,  etc.  in  this  palace,  all  an- 
nounced the  presence  of  the  winged  god,  and  the  purpose 
for  which  the  edifice  was  erected.  ''  Of  ail  the  devices 
contained  in  it/'  says  Sauval,  **  which  were  to  be  seen 
not  long  ago,  I  only  remember  one,  which  was  a  flaming 
heart  between  an  alpha  and  an  omega,  to  express 
probably  that  it  would  always  burn.  l*he  bathing-ro<ml 
of  the  duchess  d'£tampes  is  now  the  stable  of  an  inn, 
which  has  retained  the  name  of  la  Salamandre.^^ 

*<  The  bed-chamber  of  Francis  I. ,"  says  Saint  Foix,* "  is 
now  the  kitchen  of  a  hatter;  and  the  wife  of  a  bookseller 
had  just  been  brought  to-bed  in  the  king's  petit  salon  des 
ddlices  when  I  went  to  examine  the  remains  of  this  pa- 
lace.*' 

Between  the  Pont  Saint  Michel  and  the  Pont  Neuf 
formerly  stood  the  Hdul  d'HercuU.^  Louis  XII.  gave 
it  to   the  chancellor  Duprat,  whose  grandson,  Anthony 

Duprat,  seigneur   de  Nantouillet    and  privdt  of  Paris, 

* 

*  See  Vol.  n.,  p.  197.  t  See  Vol.  II.,  p.  201. 


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156  BBIDGSS: 

used  to  boast  that  he  had  the  most  powerfol  enemies  oT 
any  man  in  Earope»  having  affronted  sereral  crowned 
heads  and  their  mistresses;  and  that  he  cared  nothing 
about  them.  One  daythe  duke  d'Anjou»  the  king  of  Na- 
varre (Henry  lY.),  and  the  doke  de  Guise*  sent  word  that 
they  would  come  and  sup  with  him ;  and  notwithstanding 
all  the  pretests  he  made  to  dispense  with  the  hoiioar» 
they  made  him  a  yisit.  After  supper*  the  attendants  of  the 
princes  threw  all  the  plate*  dishes*  and  fomiture  out  of  the 
window.  The  nextday*  the  pr&mier  prMdcfU  of  the  Pmr- 
iMiiml  waited  upon  Charies  IX.*and  told  him  that  all  Pteii 
was  in  agitation  at  the  riot  and  robbery  committed  on 
the  preceding  night*  and  that  it  was  reported  to  have  ben 
done  by  his  majMy  himself.  The  king  haTing  denied 
the  report*  |he  president  replied*  ^*  Well*  then,  aire*  1 
shall  make  inquiries  about  it.**  **  No*  no**'  exclaimed  the 
king*  '^  do  not  take  that  trouble ;  only  tell  Nantonillet, 
that  he  would  fall  in  with  people  too  strong  for  him  if  he 
attempted  to  obtain  justice  for  what  has  been  done." 

Some  time  after*  as  mademoiselle  de  Rieux*  the  fiiTomte 
of  the  duke  d*Anjou*  belie  eomme  te$  amours,  vtve  ef  fUrc 
commeune  Breumne,  was  riding  on  horseback  upon  the 
quai  de  FEcftle*  she  espied  Nantouillet  on  foot*  followed 
by  his  guards*  as  it  was  a  day  of  ceremony.  She  imme- 
diately rode  up*  threw  him  down*  and  trampled  him  under 
the  feet  of  her  horse.  This  same  lady*  in  a  fit  of  jealousy* 
killed  her  lorer  with  her  own  hand  ! 


PONT  NEDF. 

There  were  but  few  considerable  buildings  in  the  fiio- 
bourg  Samt  Germain  until  the  reign  of  Henry  III.*  when 
some  new  streets  haying  been  opened*  and  many  spacious 
houses  built  in  that  quarter*  the  communications  InBtween 


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PORTNICF.  157 

the  Cwo  principal  parts  of  P^ris  became  more  frequent* 
and  great  inconrenience  was  felt  in  conseqnence  of  the 
necessity  of  passing  by  the  Pant  Saint  Miehel,  or  cross- 
ing the  Seine  in  a  boat.  Henry  III.  determined  to 
remedy  this  inconrenience  by  the  construction  of  a 
bridge;  and  on  the  81st  of  May»  1578,  the  first  stone  was 
laid  by  the  king  in  person^  with  extraordinary  pomp.  In 
the  stone  were  deposited  medals  of  silver  and  copper  gilt, 
bearing  eiBgies  of  the  king,  Louise  de  Lorraine  Ids  yiriSd, 
and  Catherine  de  M6dicis  his  mother.  The  execution  of 
the  works  was  entrusted  to  Jacques  Androuet  du  Gerceau, 
and»  according  to  FEstoile,  the  expense  was  861iyres  per 
toise.  The  building  had  not  adranced  far  when  the  break- 
ing out  of  a  civil  war  caused  it  to  be  suspended. 

Henry  IV.,  in  1602,  resolved  to  fimsh  the  Pant  Neuf, 
and  the  works  proceeded  so  rapidly,  thaUJn  June,  1008, 
the  king  himself  passed  over  it,  although  not  without  some 
danger.     In  160&,  it  was  opened  to  the  public. 

This  bridge,  which  differs  from  all  those  of  modem 
construction  in  the  curve  of  its  arches,  is  heavy  and  irre- 
gular, possessing  no  other  merit  than  that  of  solidity.  It 
was  fimshed  under  the  direction  of  Marchand,  and  con- 
sbts  of  twelve  semicircular  arches.  Its  total  length  is 
seven  hundred  and  sixty-seven  feet,  and  its  breadth 
seventy-seven.  Above  the  arches,  on  both  sides,  a  deep 
projecting  cornice  runs  the  wheie  length  of  the  bridge, 
and  is  supportedby  consoles,  adorned  with  masks  of  Satyrs, 
Fauns,  and  Dryads,  some  of  which  are  believed  to  be  the 
work  of  Germain  Pilon. 

The  Pont  Neuf  is  divided  into  a  carriage  road  and 
two  causeways.  Upon  the  piers  are  established  small 
semicircular  shops.  Considerable  repairs  have  been  made 
to  it  at  various  periods ;  and  in  1821  it  was  new  paved, 
and  the  causeways  were  elevated  nearly  three  feet. 


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158  BE1DGE8. 

To  form  a  communication  belween  it  and  the  iste  dc  la 
CiU,  Ihe  western  point  of  the  island  was  prolonged,  to 
as  to  di?ide  the  P&nt  Neuf  into  two  parts.  This  point, 
situated  opposite  the  Place  Dauphioe,  forms  a  kind  of 
square  pier,  which »  before  the  reyolution,  was  called 
Place  d* Henri  IV.  ^  and  in  the  centre  of  which  stood 
an  equestrian  statue  of  that  monarch,  erected  under  the 
following  circumstances : — 

'  Ferdinand,  grand  duke  of  Tuscany,  ordered  a  coloasal 
horse  to  be  cast  in  bronse,  intending  to  pUce  upon  it  hb 
own  statue.  Jeaof  de  Boulogne,  a  pupil  of  Michael  An- 
geloy  was  charged  with  its  execution.  Ferdinand  dying, 
the  horse  remained  without  a  rider.  Cosmo  II. ,  his  suc- 
cessor, presented  it  to  Marie  de  MMids,  queen  regent, 
and  it  was  shipped  at  Leghorn  for  France.  The  ressel, 
ofter  crossing  the  Mediterranean,  the  straits  of  Gibral- 
tar, and  the  Ocean,  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Nor- 
mandy, and  the  horse  remained  a  whole  year  at  the 
bottom  of  the  sea,  from  whence  it  was  drawn  up  at  a 
great  expense,  and  put  on  board  a  vessel,  which  aimed 
at  UaTre  in  the  beginning  of  May,  1614.  ftt>m  thence 
it  was  conveyed  up  the  Seine  to  Paris.  A  mai4ile  pedestal 
was  then  erected,  of  which  Louis  XIII.  laid  the  first  stone 
with  great  ceremony,  on  the  2d  of  June  foUowing* 
When  finished,  the  horse  was  placed  up<m  it,  sttU 
waiting  for  a  rider,  and  several  years  elapsed  ere  the 
statue  was  completed.  The  people,  accustomed  to  see 
the  horse  alone,  called  the  monument  U  cheval  dc  brmtu^ 
even  after  it  was  surmounted  by  the  figure  of  Henry  IV. 

The  pedestal  wa»  built  after  designs  by  CivolL  Aft  tbe 
four  angles  were  placed  statues  of  vanquished  soldiers* 
with  their  arms  bound  behind  them.  Four  baa-reliefii 
represented  the  battles  of  Arques  and  Ivry,  the  entry  of 
Henry  IV.  into  Paris,  the  capture  of  Amieiis,  and  that  of 


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POWT  NEW.  1 50 

M<^l0ieUant.  The  ligiire^  at  the  angles  and  the  bas-^ 
reliefe  were  hy  Franche^ille.  The  atntue  of  Henry  IV. 
y9U  ^edited  by  Duprd.  The  king  was  represented  with  hi& 
head  qncovef^,  in  a  coniplete  snit  of  armour,  holding 
the  bridle  with  one  hand,  and  with  the  other  a  truncheon. 
3y  an  inscription  on  th^  p^^t|il,  it  appears  that  the 
monument  was  fipisbed  by  cardinal  Richelieu  in  1635.* 

This  statue,  the  first  public  monument  pf  the  kind 
erected  in  Paris,  was  surrounded  with,  an  iron  railing,  ii^ 
front  of  which  was  a  br<m9e  pla(e  bearing  an  inscrip- 
tion, which  was  torn  off  in  1790. 

In  the  night  of  August  24, 1787,  at  the  time  of  the  re- 
fusal of  the  ParUment  to  register  the  stamp  duty  and  the 
land-tax,  the  partisans  of  the  Parkment  assembled  on  this 
bridge,  and  obliged  the  passengers  to  salute  the  statue  of 
Henry  lY.  In  the  following  year,  the  divisions  which 
agitated  the  Court  and  the  PaHemwt  continuing,  the 
head  of  the  statue  was  crowned  with  flowers  and  ribbons. 
In  1789,  the  na^onal  cockade  was  placed  on  one  of  tb^ 
ears.  During  the  16th,  16th,  and  17th  of  July,  1790^ 
there  was  placed  in  front  of  the  pedestal  an  artificial  rockr 
on  which  the  entire  group  seemed  to  be  elevated;  and  on 
tl^e  evenings  of  those  days,  there  were  concerts  and 
dancing  upon  the  spot.  On  the  12th  of  August,  1792, 
the  statue  was  thrown  down  by  the  same  party  who  in 
1787  had  forced  the  passengers  to  salute  lit 

In  (he  same  year,  the  famous  alarm  gun  was  placed 
ypon  the  Pont  Neuf. 

Ob  the  3d  of  May,  1814,  the  day  when  Louis  XVIII.. 
after  more  than  twenty  years  exile,  returned  to  his  capi- 
ta), a  plasty  statue  of  Henry  lYt  was  put  up  on  the 
Pant  Neuf,  with  this  inscription : — 

LudoTico  reduce,  Henrico  rediWvo. 

A  voluntary  subscription  soon  after  iook  place  through* 


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460  liftlDGBS. 

out  France,  for  re-erecting  the  slatae  of  Henry  lY. 
Lemol  was  charged  with  its  execution.  Towards  the  end 
of  September,  1817,  he  had  finished  the  model,  while 
Piggiani,  a  skilfol  founder,  had  formed  the  mould  for  the 
statue  and  horse. 

During  this  time  the  re-construcUon  of  the  esplanade  on 
the  Font  Neuf^eai  on  rapidly,  and  the  king,  in  presence 
of  the  royal  fiunily,  laid  the  first  stone  of  the  pedestal  on 
the  28th  of  October,  1817.  Medals,  engrared  by  An- 
drieux,  were  placed  in  the  sione,  bearing  this  inscrip- 
tion:— 

LudoTicus  Xym.  lapidem  suspicalem  posuit.  Die  AAYlll  nen. 
Oct  anno  M.D.CGG.XYII.  Regni  XXm. 

Qn  the  rererse : — 

Henrico  Bligno. 

The  exergue : — 

Pietas  Qfium  mtituit  M.D.GCG.XY1I. 

Ten  months  were  employed  by  Lemot  in  finishing  and 
polishing  the  statue.  Its  total  height  b  fourteen  feet,  and 
its  weight  thirty  thousand  pounds.  The  upper  tablet  of  the 
pedestal  consists  of  a  single  block,  pierced  with  mortises, 
to  let  in  the  two  feet  of  the  horse,  on  which  the  whole  statne 
rests.  On  the  l&th  of  August,  1818,  forty  oxen  were  em- 
ployed to  transport  the  statue  from  the  workshop  of  the 
artbt  to  the  Pant  Neuf:  the  distance  was  aboTO  two  miles. 
The  equipage  employed  in  the  transportation  weighed 
twenty  thousand  pounds,  which,  with  the  weight  of  die 
statue,  formed  a  mass  of  fifty  thousand  pounds.  Hm 
efforts  of  the  oxen  only  succeeded  in  drawing  it  as  fer  «s 
the  entrance  of  the  arenue  de  Harigny,  idiere  it  went 
off  the  pavement,  and  was  completely  stopped.  Thousands 
of  the  Parisians  hastened  to  surmount  tkis  obstade, 
and  their  seal  was  crowned  with  success :  the  statue  was 
drawn,  between  five  and  eight  in  the  erening,  from  the 


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POIITNBDF.  161 

arenue  de  Mari^y  as  far  as  the  Pimt  des  Arts.  It  re~ 
mained  there  two  days,  and  was  then  drawn  to  the  Pant 
Neuf.  On  the  21st  it  was  elevated  upon  the  pedestal. 
The  statue  remained  covered  till  the  26th»  thd  f6U  of  Saint 
LooiSy  when  it  was  dedicated,  in  the  presence  of  the  king 
and  all  the  royal  family. 

Bas-reliefs  adorn  the  sides  of  the  pedestal.  In  one, 
Henry  lY.  is  seen  commanding  food  to  be  distributed  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Parb  who,  during  the  siege  of  the  ca- 
pital, had  taken  refuge  in  his  camp;  and  in  the  other,  the 
king,  haying  entered  as  a  conqueror  into  his  capital,  stops 
in  the  Paryis -de -Notre -Dame,  and  giyes  orders  to  the 
pr&vdi  of  Parb  to  bear  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  city  the 
language  of  peace,  and  inyite  them  to  resume  their  accus- 
tomed occupations. 

On  the  monument  is  thb  inscription,  by  the  Academy 

of  Belles  Lettres  : — 

Hkraici  BCikCHi 

Ob  patenmm  in  populos  animum 

Notissimi  Principis 

Sacrain  effigiem 

Inter  dvilium  foronim  procellas 

GalliA  indignante 

Dejectam. 

Post  optaiissimum  Ludoyici  XVIII.  rcditum 

Ex  omiiibiis  ordinibus  ciyes 

iEre  collato 

Restituenmt. 

Necnon  et  elogium 

quod 

Simiil  cum  efligie  abolitHm  f uerat 

Lapidi  rursus  ioscribi 

Curayenint. 

On  the  opposite  end  b  the  following  inscripliony  cq>icd 
firom  the  pedestal  of  the  former  sti^tue: — 

EamcoIY.     . 
GalUarym  impq'atoii  Navar.  R. 
yoL.  III.  h 


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162  BUDGIS. 

L?4lo?ie?t  XnL  fiMvi  dfi 

Oprs  inclMMtfm  ttinteniiiatfiii 

Pro  dignitate  pieUtis  et  imperii 

Pladjs  et  amplift  abeolTit 

Einiii*  D*  G«  Rtchdiff 

CommnM  toC?  m  popfli  pronMfk 

Svper  illntr.  Tiri 

de  BfUioii  BoVdllier  P.  JErarii  F. 

Fedendnn  crrftTemit. 

MDCXXXV. 

This  monament  cost  337»8<(0  firaocs.  A  magmfioeat 
copy  of  Yollaire's  Hemriade^  was  deposiled  in  its  base. 

Bottaparlo  intraded  to  have  erected  a  granite  colaom 
on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  statne  of  Henry  !¥•»  and 
several  miiyons  of  francs  were  appropriated  to  that  par- 
pose.  It  was  to  bare  been  on  the  model  of  that  in  the 
Place  Venddme»  but  much  higher,  which  may  be  percei?ed 
from  viewing  the  intended  basement.  The  elevation,  it  is 
said,  would  have  been  upwards  of  two  hundred  feet* 


PONT  DES  ARTS. 

This  bridge,  for  foot  passengers  only,  crosses  the  Seine 
from  the  Louvre  to  the  Institute  of  France,  and  takes  its 
name  fi^m  the  former,  uriiich,  at  the  period  when  the 
bridge  was  constructed,  was  called  Palai$  det  An$.  h 
rests  upon  very  narrow  piers,  and  is  composed  of  nine 
arches,  each  formed  of  five  secondary  ones,  vHiich  are 
bound  together  by  small  cross  arches,  the  whole  of  caal 
iron.  The  floor,  formed  of  wood,  is  elevated  several  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  street,  and  extends  m  a  straight  line 
from  one  bank  of  the  river  to  the  other.  At  regular  dis- 
tances are  small  piUars  of  cast  iron,  supporting  laaips. 

This  bridge,  the  first  buik  of  iron  in  Paris,  was  con- 
strucled  at  the  expense  of  a  company,  who  are  to  derive  a 


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PONT  EOTAI.  163 

toU  from  it  for  a  certain  number  of  years.  It  was  begun 
in  1802^  and  finished  in  1804 »  under  the  joint  direction  of 
Messrs.  de  Cessac  and  Dillon.  The  chord  of  the  arches  is 
fifty-six  feel,  and  the  total  length  between  the  cuUu  is  fire 
hundred  and  fifty-five^ 

A  short  time  after  the  peace  of  Yer?ins,  Henry  IV., 
returning  from  hunting,  dressed  yery  plainly  and  attended 
by  only  two  or  three  gentlemen,  passed  the  Seine  at  the 
spot  where  the  Pant  dt$  Aru  now  stands.  PerceiTing 
diat  Uie  ferryman  did  not  know  him,  he  asked  him  what 
people  said  of  the  peace.  **  Ma  foi»**  said  the  boatman, 
^*  I  know  nothing  about  this  beUe  paix,  but  I  know  there 
are  taxes  on  every  thing,  and  even  on  this  miserable  boat, 
by  which  I  can  hardly  live."  ''  But  does  not  the  king 
intend  to  diminish  the  taxes  now?"  said  Henry.  ''  Oh, 
the  king  is  a  good  fellow  enough,"  replied  the  ferryman; 
**  but  he  has  got  a  mistress,  who  must  have  so  many  fine 
dresses  and  so  many  trinkets,  and  it  is  we  who  have  to  pay 
all  that :  poi^  encore,  if  she  belonged  to  him  alone,  but 
they  say  she  has  plenty  of  others  to  caress  her. "  Henry  lY . , 
who  was  much  amused  with  this  conversation,  sent  the 
next  day  for  the  ferryman,  and  made  him  repeat  before 
Ihe  duchess  of  Beaufort  all  that  he  had  said.  The  du- 
chess, extremely  mortified,  wished  to  have  him  punished. 
'^  ^aus  ii€s  fblUy^  said  the  king ;  **  he  is  merely  a  poor 
devil,  whose  poverty  makes  him  cross :  he  shall  have  his 
boat  for  nothing  in  future,  and  I  am  convinced  he  will 
shout  as  long  as  he  lives,  Vive  Henri  I  Five  GabrielU  V* 


PONT  ROYAL. 

The  Pont  Royal  communicates  fi*om  the  quays  du 
Louvre  and  des  Tuileries  to  those  d'Orsay  and  de  Yol-t 
taire.     At  a  very  remote  period  the  Seine  was  crossed  at 


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164  BRIDGES. 

this  spot  by  a  ferry-boat  (bac),  from  which  the  street 
opposite  deriyed  its  name  (rue  du  Bac).  In  1682,  t 
person  named  Barbier»  who  possessed  a  field  near  tbe 
landing-place,  built  a  wooden  bridge  oyer  the  river.  Iliif 
bridge  was  called  PofU  Barbier,  after  its  bnilder;  not 
Pom  Sainie  Anne,  in  honour  of  Anne  of  Austria  ;  ui 
afterwards  Pont  de$  Tuileries,  because  it  led  to  the  pt- 
hce.  It  was  also  called  Pont  Rouge,  because  it  wm 
painted  red.  In  consequence  of  the  violence  af  ibe 
stream  this  bridge  had  been  several  times  damaged  and 
repaired  before  1684,  when  it  was  completely  carried  away 
by  masses  of  ice  which  came  down  the  river. 

Louis  XIV.  gave  orders  for  it  to  be  rebuilt  at  his  own 
expense;  and  the  first  stone  was  laid  October  26,  1686. 
The  designs  were  furnished  by  Nansart  and  Gabrjei,  and 
the  execution  was  entrusted  to  Francois  Ronuin,  a  Domi- 
nican firiar,  who  overcame  the  difficulty  of  its  constrac- 
tion,  arising  from  the  rapidity  of  the  current.  It  was  boik 
of  stone,  founded  upon  piles. 

This  bridge  was  named  Poni  Royal,  either  becaose  it 
led  to  a  royal  residence,  or  because  the  king  paid  lor  its 
construction,  which  amounted  to  the  sum  of  IhliJLli 
livres.  It  is  bordered  with  causeways,  and  conmts  of 
five  semicircular  arches,  the  diameter  of  which  is  seventy- 
three  feet^  and  the  total  length  between  the  €%tU€$  four 
hundred  and  twenty-six  and  a  half.  Upon  one  of  the 
piers  is  a  scale,  divided  into  metres  and  decimetres,  ta 
show  the  height  of  the  river. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  revolution  this  bridge  was  called 
Pont  National,  and  afterwards  Pont  de  la  Republi^mt. 
Under  Bonaparte  it  was  named  Pont  des  TuUorUs,  and 
upon  the  restoration  resulted  its  original  name  o[  Pomt 
RoyaL 

It  was  upon  this  bridge,  on  the  side  of  the  rue  du  Bac» 


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PONT  tODIS  X?I.  165 

that  a  piece  of  cannon  was  placed  on  the  10th  of  Augnst, 
1792,  to  fire  upon  the  palace.  The  mark  of  a  ball  was 
visible  a  few  years  ago,  between  two  of  the  windows  of  the 
Pavilion  de  Flore. 

When  Marat  was  acquitted  by  the  Criminal  Tribunal, 
before  which  he  had  been  accused  by  the  Convention,  the 
populace  sought  to  carry  him  in  triumph  over  this  bridge, 
but  he  refused,  saying — *' Ne  me  portez  pas;  vous  pour- 
riez  me  laisser  tamber,  camme  tant  {fautres  que  le  peuple 
parte  en  triamphe.*' 

One  of  the  greatest  pleasures  of  the  feimous  marshal 
de  Catinat  was  to  go  very  early  every  morning  to  the 
Pont  Royal,  to  enjoy  the  view  that  it  affords.  He  used  to 
say — **  Jamais  je  rCai  rien  vu  (Caussi  beau  dans  tous  les 
pays  que  fat  parcourus.** 


PONT  LOUIS  XVI. 

From  the  year  1722  the  city  of  Paris  had  Immu  autho- 
.rised,  by  letters-patent,  to  raise  a  loan  for  the  erection  of  a 
bridge  in  front  of  the  Place  Louis  XY . ,  and  the  gradual 
augmentation  of  the  number  of  houses  in  the  faubourg 
Saint  Germain,  rendered  its  necessity  more  and.  more 
apparent,  as  that  quarter  of  Paris  could  only  be  reached 
by  traversing  the  Pant  Rajal,  or  crossing  the  Seine 
in  a  boat  near  the  Udtel  des  Invalides.  It  was  not,  how- 
ever, till  1786,  that,  by  a  royal  edict,  which  created  a 
loan  of  thirty  millions  for  the  embellishment  of  Paris, 
1,200,000  livres  were  appropriated  to  this  construction, 
which  was  begun  in  1787,  and  finished  in  1790. 

M.  Peyronnet,  first  engineer  des  Pants  U  Chaussdes, 
furnished  the  designs,  and  part  of  the  stone  employed  was 


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166  B1ID6E8. 

obtained  from  the  demolition  of  the  Bastile.  This  brid^ 
is  composed  of  fire  elliptical  ardiea^  tbe  breadth  ot  wUck 
gradually  diminishes*  The  central  arch  b  ninety-ox  feet 
wide;  Uie  two  adjoining  arches  are  each  eighty-seres 
ibet,  and  those  attached  to  the  cuUe$  are  sefenty-lifr. 
The  total  length  between  the  4mU$$  is  four  hundred  and 
sixty-one  feet. 

The  piers,  which  are  placed  in  a  straight  line,  ate  i 
feet  thick,  and  present  columns  supporting  a  cornice  i 
mounted  by  a  balustrade,  the  dirisions  of  which  are  fi»rm- 
ed  by  pedtestak,  intended  to  bear  t^ve  colossal  statues 
in  marble.  As  most  of  the  statues  are  finished  or  in  a 
state  of  forwardness,  we  shall  here  give  a  list  of  them, 
and  the  artists  by  whom,  they  are  executed,  viz. : — Bay- 
ard, by  Hontoni;  Duguay-Troum,  by  Dupati;  Tu- 
renne,  by  Gois,  junior ;  Tourville,  by  Marin ;  Soger,  by 
Stouf ;  Duguesclin,  by  Bridan,  junior;  Gond6,  by  Dayid  ; 
Cardinal  Richelieu,  by  Ramsay;  Sully,  by  Espercieox; 
Colbert,  by  Uilhomme;  Duquesne,  by  Roguier;  Soffren» 
by  Lesueur. 


PONT  DBS  INYALIDE& 

This  bridge,  which  forms  a  communication  between  tbe 
quay  do  la  Conference,  near  the  barrier  of  Passy,  and  the 
Champ  de  Mars,  is  built  of  freestone,  and  consists  of  fire 
semicircular  arches,  the  diameter  of  which  is  ninety-ooe 
feet,  and  the  total  length  between  the  euUcs  is  four  hun- 
dred and  sixty-six.  It  was  begun  in  1806,  and  finisliea 
in  181S,  under  the  direction  of  M.  Lamandi,  and  after 
the  designs  of  M.  Dillon.  At  each  extremity  of  the  pa- 
rapeU  are  four  pedesUls  destined  to  bear  statues.  Above 
each  pier,  between  the  arches,  were  eagles  interlaced  with 


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QUAT8.  167 

garlands  in  bas-relief;  these  have  disappeared,  and  we 
now  see  the  cypher  JL  in  the  centre  of  a  chaplekof  laurel 
tnroKmnted  by  the  royal  crown* 

The  expense  of  the  erection  of  this  bridge  amonnted 
to  thosom  of  6»176,128  francs. 

The  name  of  Jena  was  at  first  given  to  this  bridge,  in 
memory  of  the  battle  gained  over  the  Prussians  at  Jena, 
October  14,  1806.  When  the  Prussians  came  to  Paris 
inl81&,  their  leader  (Blucher)  would  have  blown  up  the 
Pent  fCJena^  and  some  attempts  were  made  without 
success.  A  negociation  was  entered  into  with  him,  when 
it  was  agreed  that  the  bridge  should  be  preserved,  but  that 
its  name  should  be  changed.  By  a  royal  ordonnance  of 
luly,  1814,  it  was  named  PanX  de$  Invalides. 


QUAYS. 

Hie  banks  of  the  Seine,  from  the  Pont  du  Jardin  des 
Plantes  to  the  Pont  des  Invalides,  are  almost  entirely 
skirled  with  spacions  quays,  which,  although  distin- 
guished by  diflbrent  names,  form  in  reality  only  two  lines 
of  road. 

The  earliest  historical  notice  of  the  construction  of  a 
quay  al  Paris  is  of  the  year^M.8.  The  hotds  near  the 
Seine  were  previously  subject  to  inundation,  and  the  fre- 
qtmut  overflowings  of  Uie  riv^  occasioned  great  loss.  In 
iSlS,  Philippe  le  Bel,  wishing  to  give  a  magnifieent  en- 
tertainment at  the  EMI  de  Nesle,  conmiuided  the  j^rivM 
de$  tnarehandi  to  construct  a  terrace  from  the  Convent 
des  Augustins  to  the  Tower  de  Nesle.  This  kind  of  quay 
was  planted  with  willows.  No  other  existed  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river,  and  only  two  on  the  right,  till  the  reign 


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168  q/ckYs. 

of  Louis  XIII. »  and  these  were  irregularly  built  and 
slate  of  decay.  Some  progress  was  made  under  that  i 
in  the  construction  of  quays,  and  particularly  in  the  Isis 
de  la  Cit^  and  the  Isle  Saint  Louis,  which  are  now  entirely 
surrounded  by  them,  except  that  portion  of  the  IbriDer 
upon  which  part  of  the  Hdtel  Dieu  stands. 

Under  Louis  XIY.  seyeral  quays  were  built,  and  those 
in  existence  were  repaired ;  but  the  project  for  their  re- 
pair and  extension,  formed  under  that  monacch,  was  noi 
fully  carried  into  execution  till  after  the  revolution. 

Bonaparte  particularly  directed  his  attention  to  the  im- 
prorement  of  Paris  by  the  construction  and  repair  of 
quays,  and  when  his  plans  are  fully  executed,  by  the 
completion  of  the  works  now  in  progress,  the  banks  of 
the  Seine  at  Paris  will  display  a  line  of  quays  unequalled 
by  any  city  in  Europe.  Their  number  is  thirty-three, 
viz.,  fourteen  upon  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine;  eteiren 
upon  the  left  bank ;  four  in  the  Isle  de  la  Cit£,  andf  fi)ar 
in  the  Isle  Saint  Louis.  Their  total  length  is  aboai  twelve 
thousand  toises,  or  nearly  fifteen  English  miles.  The 
whole  are  executed  in  stone,  with  a  parapet.  The  oott- 
struction  of  quays  during  the  reign  of  Bonaparte  eoal 
upwards  of  12,000,000  of  francs. 
'  The  Seine,  which  is  a  running  and  not  a  tide  fiver, 
has  no  commerce  but  what  is  carried  on  by  boats.  The 
quays  being  merely  stone  embankments,  without  cranes 
for  raising  goods,  or  warehouses  for  receiving  them,  ibrm 
streets  with  houses  on  one  Me  and  the  river  on  the  other. 
At  various  places  there  are  stone  stairs  and  inclined  ways 
to  descend,  and  the  sewers  fall  into  the  river  through 
*  be  quays.  Various  kinds  of  goods  are 
ent  parts  of  the  river,  which  are  termed 


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QUAYS.  169 

When  it  is  considered  that  the  waters  of  the  Seine  rise 
in  winter  about  ten  or  twelve  feet  higher  than  in  summer, 
the  necessity  of  stone  embankments  must  be  apparent, 
and  the  whole  is  so  well  executed,  that  some  of  Uiem 
afford  the  pleasantest  walks  in  Paris,  except  the  boule- 
vards and  public  gardens.  No  river,  like  the  Thames, 
where  the  commerce  is  extensive,  can  be  laid  out  in  so 
agreeable  a  manner. 


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CHAP.  xm. 


CITY  WALLS. 

Pabu  (Lutetia),  nfben  under  the  Romin  dominalkm, 
consisted  merely  of  the  bland  now  called  I$U  ife  U  CiU, 
which  at  that  period  was  much  smaller  than  at  preaoiit* 
and,  in  the  time  of  Julian,  does  not  appear  to  ha?e  been 
surrounded  with  walls.  There  is  presumptire  erideiice* 
however,  that  it  was  enclosed  towards  the  end  of  its  soh- 
jection  to  the  Roman  sway,  as  walls  round  it  certainly 
existed  in  the  eariiest  reign  of  the  Franks. 

Louis  y  I.  being  incessantly  e3qM>sed  to  the  attacks  of  the 
lords  his  yassals,  determined  to  defend  the  faubourgs  oa 
the  north  and  south  of  the  CiU  by  the  erection  of  wdk. 
The  enclosure  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine  began  sear 
the  church  of  Saint-Germain4*Auzerrois,  and  took  dn 
direction  of  the  rue  des  Foss^s-Saint-Germaia-rAuxBr- 
rob,  and  the  rues  de  B^thby,  des  Deux  Boules,  dn  Che- 
yalier  du  Guet,  and  Perrin-Gasselin,  to  a  gate  in  the  me 
Saipt  Denb,  called  Peru  dc  Guchiri,  after  a  money- 


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CITY  WALLS.  471 

changer  of  that  name.  It  then  passed  by  the  raes 
d*Avignon>  des  ficriTains,  and  des  Arcis,  to  the  Porte  Saint 
Merri,  near  the  church  dedicated  to  that  Samt.  From 
an  oM  square  tower  near  the  chorch  of  Saint-Jean-en* 
Gfhre,  demolished  in  the  last  centnry^  it  woold  seem  that 
the  wall  then  took  the  direction  of  the  raes  Jean  Pain 
Mollet  and  Jean  4e  F^pine,  and  terminated  on  the  hank  of 
the  Seine,  opposite  the  Place  de  Gr^ye.  This  enclosure  ^ 
of  the  northern  faubourgs  was  afterwards  prolonged  east- 
ward to  the  roe  des  Barres ;  and  at  a  subsequent  period 
to  the  rue  Geoffroi  TAsnier,  where  there  was  a  gate  named 
Parie  Baud$$,  or  BautUyer.  On  the  left  hask,  the  en- 
closure appears  to  have  b^^un  near  the  NarchA  de  la 
Volaille  (formed  on  the  site  of  the  Convent  des  Grands 
Augostins),  and  to  have  extended  to  a  gate  in  the  me 
Saint-Andrd-des-Arcs;  and  from  thence,  by  the  rue  Paon, 
to  the  rue  Hautefeuille,  where  there  was  a  gate,  from 
which,  in  many  ancient  deeds,  the  latter  street  was  called 
rue  de  la  Barre.  The  wall  next  passed  along  the  roe 
Pierre  Sarrasm,  traversed  the  rue  de  la  Harpe,  and  took 
the  direction  of  the  rae  des  Hathurins  to  a  gate  in  the 
rae  Saint  Jacques.  It  then  extended  by  the  rae  des 
Noyers  to  the  Mace  Maubert,  in  wluch  was  a  gate  leading 
to  the  Abbey  of  Sainte  Genevi^e.  From  thence  it  passed 
along  the  raes  Perdue  and  de  Bi^vre,  and  terminated  on 
the  bank  of  the  Seine,  at  the  spot  called  lee  Grande 
Degr6e,  where  stood  a  tower,  named  Tour  de  Saint  Bet- 
nard,  or  Toumelle  dee  Bemardine. 

In  1190,  Philip  Augustus,  previous  to  his  dq>arti»e 
on  a  crasadeto  the  Holy  Land,,  commanded  the  house- 
holders of  Paris  to  surround  the  city  with  a  substantial 
wall,  having  turrets  and  gates,  which  was  commenced 
in  the  same  year.  The  endosiire  on  the  northera  bank 
set  out  from  a  tower  called  la  Tour  4fui  fait  U  coin,  near 


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.    172  CRT  WALU. 

ibe  spot  now  occapied  by  ihePont  des  ArU.     Il  trafened 
Ibe  ground  forming  tbe  Coort  of  ibe  LouTre>  and  pur- 
sued tbe  direction  of  tbe  me  de  TOratoire  to  a  gate  flanked 
by  two  round  towers,  called  ParU  Saint  Hanori,  from 
wbence  it  extended  along  tbe  rue  de  Crenelle  to  tht 
Peru  de  Behagne,  near  tbe  botel  of  tbat  name.*    Fron 
tbb  gate  it  passed  between  the  rue  Jq^n-Jacques-Boos- 
jseau  and  tbe  rue  du  Jour»  to  tbe  Parte  Mcntmartrc,  and 
Stom  tbence  along  tbe  rue  Mauconseil  to  a  gate  caUed  * 
Porte  Saint  Denis,  or  Porte  aum  Peintree,  at  tbe  angle 
^rmed  by  tbe  latter  street,  and  the  me  Saint  Denis.     It 
next  crossed  the  me  Bonrg-rAbbi,  extended  to  tbe  Porce 
de  Nicolas  Buidelon  in  tbe  rae  Saint  ^Martin,  and  from 
tbence,  by  tbe  me  Saint  Avoie,  to  a  gate  called  Parte  de 
Braquc  or  Porte  Neuve,  in  tbe  rae  du  Chanme.     From 
this  gate  it  passed  along  tbe  rue  de  Paradis  to  tbe  Vieille  rue 
du  Temple,  in  which  stood  tbe  PorU  Barbette,  so  called 
fi^m  the  Hdtel  Barbette  f  in  tbe  vicinity.     It  then  tooik  a 
currilineal  direction  to  tbe  Porie  Baudet  or  Bauttoyer, 
trayersed  tbe   spot    now  occupied  by  tbe   College  de 
Charlemagne,  passed  alcmg  the  wall  of  the  Con?eat  de 
rAve-Maria,  and  after  crossing  the  rue  des  Barres,  ter- 
'  minatedat  tbe  river,  in  a  tower  through  which  a  gate  called 
Porte  BarbeUe  or  Barbeel  sur  Ceau  was  subsequently 
opened. 

Tbe  wall  on  tbe  southern  bank  was  begun  about  tbe 
year  1208.  Opposite  ta  Tour  qui  fait  ie  coin  was  a  tower 
at  first  called  Tour  de  Philippe  Hamelin ,  and  after- 
wards Tour  de  Nesle,  upon  tbe  spot  now  occupied  by  the 
eastern  pavilion  of  tbe  Institute.  At  this  pobt  tbe  wall 
coDunenced,  and  taking  tbe  direction  of  tbe  me  Maxarine, 
crossed  tbe  rae  Dauphine,  and  followed  tbe  line  of  the 

*  See  Hdtel deSoissens,  Vol.  II.,  p.  221. 
t  SeeVol.U.,  p.  »7. 


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CITY  WALLS.  173 

me  Contrescarpe  to  a  gate  in  tbe  rue  8aint-Aiidr6-des-Arc9» 
namied  Parte  de  BucL     It  then  passed  between  the  Cours' 
de  Commerce  and  the  Hdtel  de  Tours,  to  the  spot  in  the 
rue  de  Tficole  de  M^ecine  now  occupied  by  the  Fontaine 
des  Cordeliers.     Here  was  a  gate  called  Parte  de$  Car-, 
dUier$,  and  afterwards  Parte  Saint  Germain^  from  which 
the  wall  crossed  the  rue  de  Touraine  and  the  rue  de 
rObserrance,  and  extended  between  the  rue  des  Foss^ 
de-Monsieur-le-Prince  and  the  Convent  of  the  Cordeliers, 
to  the  upper  extremity  of  the  rue  de  la  Harpe,  where 
stood  a  gate  called  Paru  Gibard,  or  Parte  (tEnfer,  to 
<which,inl8M,  Charles  VI.  gaTOthe  nameof  Pi^le Jfus^, 
in  honour  of  his  daughter  Michelle.     The  wall  next  en- 
closed the  Convent  des  Jacobins,  and  extended  to  a  gate 
named  Parte  Saint  Jacques,   and  afterwards  Porto  dd 
JVatre-'Damendes-Champi,  in  the  rue  Saint  Jacques.     It 
then  passed  near  the  rues  des  Foss&  Saint  Jacques,  and 
de  TEstrapade,  and  after  enclosing  the  abbey  of  Sainte 
Genevifeve,  extended  to  the  rue  Bordet,  where  stood  a 
gate  called  Parte  Bardet,  or  Parte  Saint  Marcel^  from' 
-vvhence  it  pursued  the  direction  of  the  rue  des  Foss6s 
Saint  Yietor,  traversed  the  site  of  tbe  Polytechnic  School, 
and  extended  to  the  Parte  Saint  f^ietar,  so  called  on 
account  of  its  proximity  to  the  celebrated  abbey  of  that 
name.*    From  this  gate  it  passed  to  the  site  of  the  semi- 
nary des  Bons  Enfans,  and  after  crossing  several  wood- 
yards,,  was  prolonged  in  a  straight  line  to  the  bank  of  the 
Seine,  and  terminated  in  a  fortified  tower  named  Taur- 
ruUe^  immediately  opposite  the  Parte  Barbelle  sur  Peau. 
Betweea  these  towers  was  an  interval  formed  by  the  two 
branches  of  the  Seine  and  the  island  now  called  hie  Saint 
Louis.     We  are  ignorant  of  the  means  employed  in  the 
time  of  Philip  Augustus  to  defend  this  entrance  to  the 

*  See  Vol.  I.,  p.  228. 


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174  C1TT  WAIX8. 

capital,  bal  at  a  sobaequeiit  period  it  was  strongly  for- 

tilled. 

According  to  an  eitract  from  a«register  in  the  reign  ef 
Philip  Augustus,  the  extent  of  the  southern  endosvre  nas 
2,660  yards,  which,  including  the  turrets,  ooti  fifty  sous 
per  yard.  Ahore  the  nunn  wall  rose  an  embattled  parapet 
three  feet  in  height,  the  total  eo^nce  of  which  was  7,030 
liTres;  that  of  each  of  the  six  gates  was  120  livres. 

We  are  destitute  of  similar  information  relati?e  lo  the 
northern  enclosure;  but  it  is  certain  that,  under  Fhil^ 
Augustus,  the  number  of  its  gates  did  notezceed  seven,  the 
towers  on  the  river's  bank,  m  which  the  waUs  terminaled, 
being  without  openings.  Besides  the  battlements^  this 
wall  was  fortified  with  round  towers,  at  the  distance  of 
forty-two  yards  from  each  other,  but  was  not  sorroand- 
ed  by  ditches.  The  northern  wall  was  fiaisbed  in  the 
same  year  in  which  the  southern  one  was  coounenoed; 
the.  latter  occupied  about  fifteen  years,  being  fiaiihed 
towiCrds  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Philip  Augustas.  The 
^oe  enclosed  within  the  walls  consisted  principally  of 
arable  land.  Vineyards  and  meadows. 

About  a  month  after  the  battle  of  Poictiers,  which  took 
place  on  the  18th  of  October,  1866,  Etienne  Marcel, 
pr4vA  d£$  fnarehands,  gave  orders  for  the  walls  of  Pm 
to  be  augmented  and  repaired.  The  plan  of  the  southern 
side  remained  the  same  as  before,  but  the  fortificatioBS 
were  thoroughly  repaired,  and  ditches  dug  round  them. 
On  the  northern  bank,  the  enclosure  was  oonsidenJbly 
enlarged.  From  the  ancient  P^rte  BarbeUe  mtr  /Ws, 
a  wall  was  built  akmg  the  bank  of  the  rirer  to  the  moai 
of  the  Arsenal,  where  a  lofty  round  tower,  called  Tomr  lie 
Jlftf^r,  was  erected.  This  tower  was  struck  by  lightning  in 
1668,  and  as  it  contained  a  large  quantity  of  gunpowder, 
a  dreadful  explosion  took  place.     From  this  spot  the  wall 


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anwAUs.  175 

followed  the  direction  of  ihe  moat  to  the  rue  Saint  Antoine» 
where  there  was  a  gi^  defended  hy  a  fortress  called  la 
BaHUIe  Sahu  Antaim.  •  From  hence  it  extended  by  the 
rue  Jean  de  Beauyais,  to  the  BattUk  dm  TempU,  a  forti- 
fied gate  in  the  rue  du  Temple,  and  then  ran  parallel  to  the 
rue  Mealto/  u  fiir  aa  theme  Saint  Martin,  iriiere  a  gate» 
named  Peru  Sahu  MarUn,  was  ckmstructed«  The  en- 
closure next  followed  the  line  of  the  rue  Sainte  ApoUine  to 
a  fortified  gate  called  AMt/fo  i<s5amt  Dmi$,  m  the  street 
of  the  same  name,  from  whence  it  continued  in  the 
direction  of  the  rue  Bourbon  YilleneuYef  and  the  rue 
Neuye  Saint  Eustache  to  the  Porte  Montmartre,  and  firom 
thence  extended  along  the  rue  das  Fosses  Hontmartre, 
crossed  the  Place  des  Yictoires,  the  site  of  the  Banque  de 
France,  the  rue  des  Bons  Enfans,  the  glurden  of  the  Palais 
Royal,  and  the  rue  de  Richelieu,  and  joined  the  Porte 
Saint  HonorA,  which  at  this  time  was  fortified.  From  the 
latter  gate  the  mil  took  the  direction  of  the  me  Saint 
Nicaise,  and  terminated  in  a  lofty  tower,  named  Tour  du 
Bois,  which  subsisted  tUl  the  reign  of  Louis  XIY.  The 
Louvre  was  then  first  enclosed  within  the  walls  of  Paris. 

The  isle  Saint  Louis,  then  catted  isle  dc  Notre  Dame, 
was  defended  by  a  tower  named  Tour  Loriaux,  and  a 
ditch  which  diyided  it  into  two  parts.  In  times  of  danger, 
massive  chains  were  fixed  across  the  river  at  the  extremities 
of  the  fortifications. 

The  expence  of  the  repairs  and  enlargement  of  the  walls, 
the  constraction  of  new  gates  and  other  buildings,  and  the 
openii^  of  the  ditches,  amounted  to  162,620  Hvres  toup- 
nois,  a  sum  equal  to  nearly  1,170,000  francs,  present  money. 
Sauval  states  that  the  directors  of  the  works,  the  engineers 

*  Formerly  called  rue  du  Rempqrt* 

f  Then  known  by  the  a^e  of  S$int  C6me  du  milieu  des  Fossds. 


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n6  cmr  WALLS. 

and  the  masons,  received  each  four  or  fire  sons  a-day,  Ike 
masons*  labourers  three,  and  the  porlers  two.  The  wocks 
were  executed  at  about  four  sous  per  yard,  and  coi 
in  the  space  of  four  years. 

In  the  accounts  of  Ae  Hdtel  de  Yille  it  b  recorded, 

£tienne  Marcel  had  seyen  hundred  and  fifty  sentry-boaea 
made  of  wood,  which  were  fostened  to  the  battlemeofts 
of  the  walls  by  strong  iron  hooks.  A  fewpieces  of  canooo, 
which  had  recently  been  iuTented,  were  mounted  apoQ  the 
ramparts. 

The  walls  built  by  £tienne  Marcel  being  low  and  hastSy 
executed,  Charies  Y.  determioed  to  undertake  new  works, 
which  Hugues  Aubriot,  jtrivdiot  Paris,  was  charged  to 
superintend.  Marcel's  plan  was  not  altered,  but  the  wiU 
was  heighten^  aAd  fortified  with  towers,  the  dilchas  ww& 
continued  on  the  northern  side,  and  the  Bastille  de  Sunt 
Antoine  rebuilt.*  New  fortifications  were  added  to  several 
gates,  and  the  Petit  Chatdietf  was  constructed.  The 
ditdies,  thirty-six  feet  in  breadth,  by  sixteen  in  depth, 
were  lined  with  grass  and  turf  upon  hurdles  fastened  to 
stakes. 

These  works,  begun  in  1366,  were  not  finished  till  1883, 
under  the  reignof  Charles YI. 

The  extent  of  the  wall  on  the  north,  fitMu  the  7o«r  4^ 
BUfy  to  the  Twr  du  BoU,  was  fire  thousand  four  has- 
dredand  fifteen  yards,  and  on  the  south,  from  the  Tavtmdk 
to  the  Tour  de  NaU,  two  thousand  two  hundred  and 
forty-^ine  yards ;  by  adding  the  breadth  of  the  Seine  aft 
the  eastern  and  western  extremities,  which  was  seven 
hundred  and  forty-one  yards,  it  will  appear  that  the  tolsi 
circumference  of  Paris,  under  the  reign  of  Charles  Y.» 
eight  thousand  four  hundred  and  fire  yards. 

*  See  Vol.  n.,  p.  358.    *  f  See  Vol.  H.,  p.  36S. 


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CITT  WALLS.  IJT 

During  the  imprisonment  of  Francis  I.,  considerable 
additions  were  made  to  the  fortifications  of  Paris.  In 
1525,  seyeral  of  the  hillocks^  formed  without  the  walls  by 
the  accumulation  of  rubbish  and  filth,  were  lei^elled.*  Five 
hundred  men,  at  twenty  denierg  a  day  each,  were  em- 
ployed in  this  work.  Sixteen  thousand  workmen  were 
occupied  in  deepening  the  ditch  on  the  north,  and  the 
Porte  aux  Peintres  was  pulled  down. 

The  approach  of  the  imperial  army  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  induced  the  government,  in  1641,  to  fortify 
Paris  more  strongly ;  and  in  1652,  the  fortifications  for 
the  defence  of  the  Porte  Saint  Denis  and  the  Porte  Saint 
Martin  were  augmented. 

In  1566,  the  walls  were  enlarged  towards  the  west,  in 
order  to  enclose  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries.  The  first 
stone  of  the  new  building  was  laid  on  the  6th  of  July  by 
Charles  IX.  who  named  it  Boulevard  de$  Tuileries.  The 
extremity  of  the  garden  was  defended  by  a  wide  bastion, 
between  which  and  the  Seine  a  gate  was  afterwards 
erected  which  took  the  name  of  Parte  de  la  Confdrenoe. 
The  old  wall  extending  between  the  Louvre  and  the 
palace  of  the  Tuileries  was  left  standing,  but  the  new  con- 
struction advanced  very  slowly. 

A  proposition  made  in  1626  by  a  secretary  of  Louis  XIIL , 
named  Boyer,  to  reconstruct  the  northern  wall,  from  the 
.quay  de  TArsenal  to  the  Parte  de  la  Conference,  was 
adopted,  and  the  execution  of  the  project  begun ;  but  the 
works  were  soon  after  suspended,  in  consequence  of  the 
opposition  of  the  municipal  body.  In  1631,  they  were 
resumed.  The  old  ParU  Saint  Uonar6,  which  stood 
opposite  the  rue  de  Richelieu,  was  pulled  down,  and  rebuilt 
in  front  of  the  rue  Royale,  and  the  Parte  Mantmartre 
near  the  rue  des  Foss6s  Montmartre  was  demolished,  and  a 
*  Sec  rue  Neuve  Saint  Roch, 

VOL.  III.  K 


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178  BOCLl^VABDS. 

new  gate  buili  opposite  the  rue  Neinre  Saint  Marc,  hj 
which  means  a  considerable  tract  of  ground  was  added  to 
the  capital.  Between  the  two  gates  abore  mentioaed,  a 
third,  called  Porte  de  Biehelieu,  was  constmcted  ia  ik 
street  of  that  name,  opposite  to  the  me  Feydeao. 

Under  the  reign  of  LooisXiy.,  Parts  ceased  to  be  a  fiv- 
tified  city.  By  a  decree  of  that  monarch  the  waHi  ml 
towers,  which  had  fallen  into  decay,  were  pulled  dowitaaJ 
the  ditches  iilled  up.  When  the  demolition  of  the  soidiBn 
enclosure  had  been  carried  into  effect,  the  king  bmd 
the  resdution  of  dpentng  a  wide  road  round  the  capitaf, 
and  planting  it  with  trees.  In  1070,  the  fortificatioai  sa 
the  north  were  demolished,  and  the  road,  whicfa  took  ife 
name  o( Boulevard  (bulwark),  was  planted  from  tberae 
Saint  Antoine  to  the  rue  Saint  Martin.  In  the  foliowiag 
year  the  Porte  Saint  Denis  was  demolished,  moJ  the 
triumphal  arch,  which  bears  the  same  name,  was  erected. 
The  boulerard  was  at  the  same  time  continued  froa  the 
rue  Saint  Martin  to  the  rue  Saint  HonotA.  Thii  oew 
enclosure  e&tended  further  into  the  faubourgs  tbsD  that  of 
Louis  XIII. 

The  northern  bouloTards  being  finished  ia  17M,  tbs 
king  issued  a  decree  for  similar  works  to  be  executed  ea 
the  south ;  they,  howeTer,  proceeded  Tery  slowly,  and  were 
not  finished  till  1761.  Under  the  goTemment  of  Napokea, 
the  boulerard  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Seioe  was 
prolonged  from  the  rue  Saint  Antome  to  the  rtrer. 

The  boulerards,  which,  since  the  formation  of  a  sinular 
road  without  the  barriers,  hare  been  ^trnguisbed  by  the 
name  of  koulevard  intirieur^  form  two  grand  dtridNMis, 
called  the  boulevard  du  Nord,  and  the  boulevard  dm  Midi 
The  fefmer,  called  also  grand  boulevard^  is  five  tboosand 
and  sixty-seren  yards  in  length,  and  is  snbdirtded  iaia 
Iwehe  parts,  bearing  the  following  names :— The  boule- 


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BARRIERS.  1 79 

vards  Bourdon/Saint  Antoine»  des  Filled  du  Galvaire»  du 
Temple,  Saint  Martin,  Saint  Denis,  Bonne  Nouyelle,  Pois- 
sonni^re,  Montmartre,  Italiens,  des  Capucines,  and  de 
b  Madeleine. 

The  boulerard  da  Midi  is  sixteen  thousand  and  one 
hundred  ya^ds  in  length,  and  is  divided  into  se?en  parts, 
as  follows  : — The  bonlevards  de  lUftpital,  des  Gobelins, 
de  la  (tlaci^re,  Saint  Jacques,  d*Enfer,  du  Mout^Pamasse, 
and  des  Invalides.  These  roads  are  planted  with  four 
rows  of  trees  forming  a  carriage  road  with  a  double  walk 
on  each  side. 

The  extensire  introduction  of  contraband  goods  into 
the  capital  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XYI.  induced  the  farmers 
general  of  the  king's  revenue  to  solicit  permission  to  con- 
struct walls  round  Paris,  considerably  beyond  the  extent 
of  any  preceding  enclosure.  The  king's  consent  was 
given  by  an  ordinance  of  January  1$,  1788,  and  the  works 
on  the  southern  side  were  begun  in  May  following.  Upon 
the  completion  of  this  enclosure  the  wall  was  commenced 
on  the  north,  and  extencfed  round  the  villages  of  Ghaillot 
and  Roule  :  it  was  also  intended  to  have  included  Mont- 
martre;  but  the  abbess  of  that  village,  seconded  by  the 
inhabitants,  opposed  the  project,  and  it  was  abandoned. 

The  Parisians,  who  for  the  most  part  disapproved  of  the 
plan,  not  only  on  account  of  the  immense  expence,  but 
because  they  M'ouhl  be  thereby  subjected  to  an  entrance 
doty  upon  goods  brought  to  the  capital,  expressed  their 
dissatisfaction,  according  to  their  custom,  in  verses  and 
botu-mois,  of  which  the  following  is  a  specimen. 
Le  mur  maraDt  Paris  rend  Paris  murmurant. 
The  following  epigram  also  appeared. 

Four  augknenler  son  numeraire, 
£t  racconrcir  noire  horizon, 


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180  BARIIERS. 

La  ferme  it  jug^  n^cessaire 
De  mettre  Paris  en  prison. 

In  the  night  of  July  12, 1789,  fifteen  men,  with  iorthm 
and  bludgeons,  proceeded  to  the  barrier  des  GoMw, 
and,  after  beating  the  officers  and  pillaging  the  offioe»  teC 
fire  to  the  building.  The  populace  immedialelj  fbrawd 
parties,  and  set  fire  to  all  the  barriers. 

The  prodigal  minister,  Calonne,  charged  IL  Le- 
'•doux  with  the  construction  of  elegant  edifices  for  the  od* 
lectors  of  the  revenue  at  the  barriers,  in  order  that  the 
entrances  into  Paris  might  impress  strangers  with  ao  idea 
of  its  magnificence.  Calonne  was  dismissed  fitMn  the 
cabinet  in  1787;  and  in  September  of  the  same  year  the 
works  were  suspended  by  an  order  in  council.  The  new 
minister  M.  de  Brienne,  archbishop  of  Toulouse,  accooi- 
panied  by  several  public  functionaries,  inspected  the  walls 
in  NoTember  following.  Under  the  first  impuUe  of  indig- 
nation he  was  disposed  to  hare  them  demolished  and  the 
materials  sold;  but  the  works  were  too  far  advanced,  and 
he  therefore  merely  obtained  an  order  in  council,  pre- 
scribing various  regulations,  and  appointing  new  surveyors 
and  architects. 

On  the  1st  of  May,  1791,  the  entrance-duties  me 
abolished,  in  consequence  of  which  the  barriers  bccaae 
useless. 

Under  the  Directory,  about  the  year  V.,  a  i^^^H  doty 
was  levied,  and  the  barriers  were  repaired.  The  pro- 
duct of  this  duty  being  given  to  the  hospitals,  it  took 
the  name  of  octroi  de  bienfaisance.  During  Napoleon's 
reign  the  walls  were  finished,  and  the  duly  at  the  barrien 
considerably  augmented.  In  1817,  the  enclosure  on  tlie 
south  was  prolonged,  in  order  to  include  the  ahaUoir 
d'lvry,  the  hopital  de  la  Salpetri^re,  and  two  hamlets. 

The  tolal  extent  of  ihis  enclosure  is  twenty-six  thoosaDd 


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BARRIERS.  '       181 

Sjeren  hundred  and  seyenty-eight  yards;  divided  into  fifty 
gates  or  barriers*  bearing  different  names.  At  the  eastern 
extremity,  between  the  barrier  de  la  Rap^e  and  the  bar- 
rier de  la.  Gare,  a  boat,  called  paUiehe,  is  stationed  iqion 
the  riyer  to  collect  the  duties  upon  goods  entering  the  ca- 
pital, by  water,  in  that  direction.  A  boat  for  the  same 
purpose  is  fixed  at  the  western  extremity,  between  the 
barriers  de  Passy  and  de  la  Gunette. 

The  barriers  on  the  north  most  remarkable  in  point  of 
architecture  are,  the  barrUrc  dc  Beuilljr,  which  presents 
a  rotunda  similar  to  those  dedicated  by  the  ancients  to  the 
worship  of  "Venus ;  the  barrUre  du  Trdnc,  or  de  Vin- 
ccnneSf  consisting  of  two  spacious  symmetrical  pavilions, 
and  two  columns  seventy  feet  in  height;  the  barrUrc  de 
Saint  Martin,  which  presents  the  form  of  a  temple,  and 
is  upon  the  same  axis  as  the  basin  de  la  Yillette;  the  bat  - 
ri^re  de  Neuilfy,  composed  of  two  elegant  pavilions  and  a 
handsome  iron  railing,  beyond  which  rises  the  triumphal 
arch  de  TJ^toile ;  the  barriSre  du  Route  and  the  barridte 
de  Minumartre. . 

On  the  southern  side,  those  most  entitled  to  notice  arc 
the  barri^es  du  Maine,  d'Enfer,  and  d^Italie.  Most  of 
these  gates  are  characterised  rather  by  the  whimsicality 
and  barbarism  than  the  purity  or  even  beauty  of  their 
designs;  some  are  highly  ridiculous. 

The   construction  of  the  walls  suggested  the   idea  of 
fonning  around  them  a  road,  planted  with  trees,  which 
has  taken  the  name  of  boulevard  extMeur,  and  is  di- 
▼idei  into  several  parts,  bearing  different  denominations. 
This  road  was  not  finished  till  the  year  1814. 

Dnder  Philip  Augustus,  Paris  was  divided  into  four  sec- 
tbns  or  quartiere,  which  number,  in  1813,  during  the 
reign  of  Philippe-Ie-Bel,  was  doubled,  and  comprehended 
thirty-four  parishes.     Upon  the  enlargement  of  the  city 


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482  8T1BXT8. 

bounds  by  Cbarles  V.»  the  dirifion  coMistod  of  i 
fuarUen,  to  which  a  aofO&loenUi  was  added  in  IMSl 
Theie  dimioiil  wore  yery  uneqaal,  some  t/aartterB  bei^^ 
three  or  four  times  as  great  in  extent  as  others.  By  a 
decree  of  Louis  XT?.,  dated  December  12,  1702, 
was  divided  into  twenty  quartien,  and  no  farther  i 
tion  took  pkce  till  the  commencement  of  the  re?ol«tio«. 

In  1789,  when  it  was  in  contemplation  to  prooeed  la 
the  appointment  of  electors  for  sending  dqNilies  to  the 
States-General,  Paris  was  diiided  into  sixty  districts,  in 
each  of  which  a  public  edifice  was  appropriated  to  iba 
meetings  of  the  inhabitants.  When  a  majority  of  tbe 
dbtricts  expressed  a  desire,  it  was  made  known  to  Ibe 
municipality,  who  were  charged  to  carry  it  into  execs* 
tion*  By  a  decree  of  the  Constituent  Assemb/j,  dated 
June  27,  1700,  the  sixty  districts  were  replacad  Jby 
forty-^eight  sections;  and  the  ktter  were  succeeded,  in 
pursuance  of  a  conyentional  decree  of  October,  ITW,  Vy 
(welTe  arrandissemens  or  mairies,  each  comprebendiBg 
four  quartiers.  Over  every  arrandiMement  a  mayor  and  a 
justice  of  the  peace  presides,  and  in  each  quarter  there 
is  a  commissary  of  police. 


STREETS. 

The  ancient  plans  of  Paris  conrey  a  yery  ii 
of  the  streets  and  public  places  of  the  capital,  whick,  in 
a  lapse  of  several  centuries,  hare  frequenlly  changed  belh 
their  name  and  direction.  After  the  numerous  fires  wlHch 
laid  waste  the  CiU^  and  the  ravages  committed  In  the 
faubourgs  by  the  Normans,  we  are  ignorant  whether  the 
bouses  were  rebuilt  upon  the  same  line;  and  the  latest 
tradition  dates  more  than  a  century  after  the  lasl  fire.* 

*  Dnd«r  Henry  I. 


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STIIKTS.  183 

Under  Louis  XI.>  in  the  beginning  of  the  twieUth  century, 
die  streets  were  narrow,  dirty,  irregular,  and  skirted  by 
miserable  hovels.  Sereral  M  streets,  still  existing  in  the 
CitS^  may  senre  to  show  what  the  whole  capital  was  at  that 
period* 

Until  the  reign  of  Philip  Augastns  the  streets  were  with* 
ont  parement.  Rigord,  the  historian  of  that  monarch, 
relafes  that,  in  1184,  the  king,  being  occupied  with  im* 
portent  affiurs,  approached  the  windows  of  his  palace, 
where  he  frequently  stood  to  behold  the  course  of  the 
Seine.  Some  scayengers'  carts,  passing  at  the  moment, 
sent  forth  a  stench  so  insupportable  that  the  king  could 
not  escape  it,  although  he  with^w  to  the  interior  of  his 
palace.  He  then  formed  a  project,  which,  on  account  of 
its  expense  and  difficulty,  none  of  his  predecessors  had 
rentnred  to  undertake.  He  called  together  the  pr^vdt 
and  inhabitants  of  the  capital;  and,  in  the  exercise  of  his 
royal  authority,  commanded  them  to  paye  the  streets 
and  public  places  of  the  ^tl^with  large  and  hard  stones.* 
It  must  not  be  imagined,  howeyer,  that  all  the  streets  were 
paved  in  pursuance  of  this  command.  Its  execution  ex- 
tended only  to  two  streets,  called  la  Croisie  de  Paris, 
because  they  crossed  each  other  in  the  centre  of  the  town. 
The  pavement  consisted  of  flagstones,  about  three  feet  and 
a  half  square,  and  six  inches  thick.  * 

During  the  reign  of  Louis  XII.  several  improvements 
were  effected;  but  nevertheless,  under  Henry  IV.,  the 
streets  in  general  remained  unpaved,  and  many  of  them 
were  nearly  obstructed  by  nd>bish  and  ordure.  In  the 
feUowing  reign  several  new  streets  were  opened,  but  no 
amelioration  in  their  condition  took  place.  A  repcnrt, 
made  in  1636,  upon  the  sUte  of  Paris,  seU  forth,  that 

*  Gesia  Pkiiippi  Augusti.  Recueil  des  Hislorieiis  de  k  France. 
Vol  xyii.,  p.  16. 


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184  STUETS. 

**  the  streets  are  not  paired,  or  only  in  some  parts,  or  on 
one  side.  Heaps  of  rubbish,  dung,  and  ordare  haTe  beea 
collecting  for  ten  years  against  the  walls  of  the  homei; 
other  heaps  obstruct  the  passage  of  water,  and  choka  op 
the  mouths  of  the  sewers.  In  every  street  are  large  ita|- 
nant  pools,  which  send  forth  exhalations  destroctife  of 
the  health  of  the  inhabitants."*  At  the  same  time,  the 
number  of  public  edifices  and  monuments  had  greatly  !■- 
creased,  so  that,  to  use  the  language  of  Dulaure,  Pm 
bore  a  strong  resemblance  to  un  hrnntne  pauvre  ei  crgmitr 
Uux  qui  porterait,  sur  du  linge  sale  d  pempU  de  ver- 
mines,  des  viumcns  domis. 

It  is  chiefly  to  Louis  XIY.  that  Paris  is  indebted  ibr  tbe 
improvement  of  the  streets  and  public  roads.  Al  the  be- 
ginning of  his  reign  the  ladies  seldom  went  out  except  on 
mules,  and  the  gentlemen  .wore  buskins.  A  Spaniard,  on 
the  day  of  his  arrival  at  Paris,  seeing  them  thus  eipupped, 
enquired  si  UnUe  la  ville  partait  en  posie?  This  moDiTch 
opened  many  new  streets,  and  enlarged  and  pared  those 
in  which  carriages  could  not  pass.  Dulaure  relates  that 
in  each  of  the  streets  the  bust  of  the  king,  wearing  an 
enormous  court  wig,  was  placed  in  a  conspicuous  sitnt- 
tion. 

Louis  XV.  continued  the  improvements  b^on  by  kii 
predecessors,  afkd  during  his  reign  several  spacioiis  streets 
were  formed. 

Under  Louis  XVI. »  in  1780,  the  lieutenant  of  poBce 
oflered  a  prixe  of  600  livres  for  a  memoir  setting  forth 
the  most  eflicient  method  of  cleansing  the  streets.  la  tk 
same  reign,  a  general  and  extensive  plan  was  laid  <k^ 
for  the  gradual  improvement  of  the  capital.  Previolu  to 
the  time  of  Henry  IV.  there  was  a  branch  of  the  poUc 

*  This  picture  seems  to  jusCtfj  tbe  poeU  who,  inapcakiagof  fini* 
hare  styled  it  a  viUe  de  bouty  ville  de/ange,  and  de  cr9Uss> 


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STREETS.  165 

service  called  ta  Voirie,  which  consisted  of  the  surveyor- 
ship  and  superintendence  of  the  high  roads,  streets,  quays* 
etc.;  but  the  functions  of  the  surveyors  were  limited 4o 
the  inspection  of  buildings,  in  order  to  ascertain  their  so- 
lidity, the  prohibition  of  stalls,  and  the  adoption  of  mea- 
sures for  cleansing  the  public  roads.  Among  the  numerous 
ordinances  issued  from  the  period  of  its  establishment  to 
the  time  of  Louis  XVI.,  not  one  relates  to  the  embellish- 
ment of  the  capital,  or  the  improvement  of  its  streets,  by 
forming  them  wide  and  straight.  On  the  10th  of  April, 
178S,  the  king  issued  a  decree,  ordaining  that  no  new 
street  should  be  less  than  thirty  feet  in  vridth,  and  that 
those  already  existing  should  be  enlarged  to  the  same  ex- 
tent, in  proportion  as  the  houses  situated  in  them  should 
be  rebuilt.  A  general  plan  for  the  improvement  of  the 
capital  was  ordered  to  be  drawn,  the  heights  of  houses 
were^fixed,  and  it  was  prohibited  to  make. any  alteration 
in  their  fironts  without  legal  permission.  About  the  same 
period  a  project  was  formed  for  opening  a  wide  street  along 
the  vfall  of  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries,  from  the  Place  du 
Carrousel  to  the  Place  Louis  XV. ;  and  another  to  tra- 
verse the  Place  Yendome,  and  terminate  on  the  boule- 
vard. This  plan  was  executed  by  Napoleon;  the  former 
street  is  called  ruede  Rivoli;  and  the  latter,  being  divided 
into  two  by  the  Place  Yenddme,  bears  the  names  of  rue 
Castiglione  and  rue  de  la  Paix. 

During  the  revolution  the  administration  of  this  branch 
of  the  public  service  underwent  several  changes,  but  the 
sptem  of  improvement  already  laid  down  was  not  for- 
gotten. By  a  law  of  September  16, 1807,  it  wns  enacted, 
that  the  pliins  for  enlai^ng  the  streets,  or  forming  new 
ones,  should  be  proposed  by  the  mayors,  examined  by 
the  prefect,  and  submitted  to  the  minister  of  the  interior, 
for  the  decision  of  the  council  of  state.     On  the  27tb  of 


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186  STU1T8. 

July,  £808,  a  decfee  was  ismed,  which  ordained  ihaft  the 
plans  for  the  whoie  ea|Mtal  sboold  he  completed  wHhia  the 
space  of  two  years.  This  important  woil  is  not  yet  folly 
eiecnted,  hut  is  far  adranced;  one  thousand  and  sixty- 
four  plans  hare  already  been  drawn,  and  two  hundred 
and  twenty  remain  to  be  finished. 

In  December^  1819,  the  count  de  Chabrol,  prefect  af 
the  department  of  the  Seine,  published  a  memoir  upon 
the  project  far  a  general  in^roTement  o{  the   streeli 
and  public  places  of  Paris,  the  number  of  miuch  he  es- 
timates at  one  thousand  and  sereoty  streets,  one  han- 
dred  and  twenty  alleys  not  thoroughfares,   thirty-ibar 
qnap,  and  serenty  Plaet$.  *  The  executtcm  of  the  project 
would  gire  to  the  superficies  of  the  streets  an  aug- 
mentation of  four  hundred  and  forty  thousand  fire  hun- 
dred and  thirty-feur  square  yards;  to  the  quays,  twenty- 
three  thousand  nine  hundred  and  seren ;  and  to  the  Pleats, 
serenteen  thousand  seyen  hundred  and  ninety-one,  fiwm- 
ing  a  total  of  four  hundred  and  eighty-two  thousand  two 
hundred  and  thirty-two  square  yards.    If  to  this  be  added 
that  part  of  the  plan  not  yet  dravm,  which  is  estimaled  at 
fifty-three  thousand  fire  hundred  and  eighty-one  square 
yards,  the  total  siq^rficies  to  be  added  to  the  poblic  way 
will  be  five  hundred  and  thirty-fiTe  thousand  ei^l  hoa- 
dred  and  thirteen  square  yards.     The  expense  of  efecl* 
ing  this  important  object  u  calculated  at  84,086,OW 
firancs,  which  it  is  proposed  to  defiray  by  an  annual  graat 
during  forty  years. 

In  many  of  the  public  places  of  Paris  there  fonneiiy 
stood  gibbets,  pillories,*  and  ladders;  to  the  latter,  oCsn* 
ders  were  tied  and  whipped.  Saint  Louis  had  them  con- 
structed ''  in  all  his  towns,  for  the  puniskMlit  ot  those 

*  S«e  p.  7. 


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snuTs.  187 

who  sfaould  uUflT  an  oalii  i"  The  ahbol  of  Sdiit  Magloire 
had  a  ladder  opposite  the  church  of  Sai]it-Nicholas--des*- 
dhampf ;  the  biBhop.of  Parie  bad  one  in  the  roe  de  !*£- 
cbeUe  (Ladder-ftti*eet)«  leading  from  the  rae  SainI  Ho^ 
nori  to  the  rue  de  fiiyoli;  and  the  grand  prior  of  the 
Temple  bad  one  at  the  end  of  the  rue  des  Yieflles* 
Andriettetf,  which  was  not  remoTod  till  the  year  1780. 

Many  of  the  public  placet,  particularly  those  <^posile 
churches*  were  ornamented  with  a  cross.  One  stood 
near  the  pillory  at  the  Hallos;  another  in  the  middle  of 
the  Place  de  Grire;  and  a  third  in  the  area  finrmed  by  the 
rue  Cocpnlli^re,  the  rue  do  Jour,  -and  the  rue  d*0rl4ans. 
In  the  rue  Saint  HonorA,  at  the  extr^Eoity  of  the  rue  do 
FArbre-SeCy  there  was  a  cross,  known  by  the  name  dT 
Croix  du  Tiroir  or  du  Trakolr;  at  the  northern  extre* 
mity  of  the  rue  des  Petits^hamps  was  the  Croiit-des-Petils* 
Champs;  there  was  also  one  in  the  Place  Baudoyer,  near 
the  roe  Saint  Antoine.  Several  streets  and  places  deriTO 
their  name  from  a  cross  haying  existed  in  them;  ^ch  are 
the  rue  de  la  Croix  Boissiere,  and  the  rpes  Croix-^es-Poi^ 
tits-Champs,  d^'Croix  Cadet,  de  la  Croix  Neure,  de  la 
Croix  Rouge,  etc.  Every  cemetery,  church,  and  con- 
vent had  also  a  cross. 

Formerly,  in  times  of  public  alarm,  it  was  customary 
to  barricade  the  streets  of  Paris  by  means  of  chains  and 
other  obstacles.  A  strong  iron  iuxA,  fixed  in  the  wall  of 
the  house  at  the  extremity  of  the' street,  supported  the  coil 
of  the  chain,  which,  when  required,  was  fiistened  to  a 
hook  on  the  opposite  side.*  The  first  time  this  means  of 
defence  was  resorted  to  was  in  1357,  dwing  the  captivity 
of  king  John  in  England.     It  was  alteHrards  frequently 

^  In  the  rue  Trousse  Vache  and  the  rue  Saint  Hilaire  remains  of 
these  chains  may  sliU  be  seen. 


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188  STKKBTS. 

cu^loyed,  particolarlj  during  the  intestiiie  wart  of  ihe 
ArmagMics,  tbe  Ligtte,  and  the  Fronde. 

The  12th  of  May,  i688»  is  celebrated  in  history  under 
the  name  otJoumie  du  barrieade$.     The  doke  de  Giiise» 
whom  Henry  III.   had  foihidden  to  enter  his  capita], 
hani^  arrived  at  Paris  on  the  9th  of  May,  the  king  caused 
foor  thoosand  Swiss  troc^,  who  had  been  in  barracks  for 
some  time  in  the  fiiuboiirg  Saint  Denis,  and  two  thousand 
of  the  French  guards,  to  enter  by  the  Porte  Saint  Honori 
at  daybreak  on  the  12th.     ScTeral  companies  of  the  mo- 
mdpal  forces,  statioDed  on  the  preceding  erening  in  tbo 
conetery  des  Innocens^  having  been  seduced  by  the  !•- 
gmnen,  had  abandoned  their  post.   The  Swiss  troops  were 
at  fiist  stationed  in  this  cemetery,  but  afterwards  occqNed 
the  Place  de  Gr&re  and  the  Marchi  Neuf.     The  Freocb 
guards  were  stationed  on  the  Petit  Pont,  the  PNit  StioC 
Michel,  and  the  Pont  Notre  Dame.     They  all  had  orders 
gpven  them  not  to  attack  the  municipal  forces,  but  merelj 
to  repel  their  assault    The  king's  intention  u  said  lo  bare 
been  the  apprehension  of  the  principal  Ligmettr$,  with  t 
Tiew  to  bring  them  to  trial,  and  put  them  to  death. 

Cpon  the  rumour  of  the  entrance  of  these  troops,  uA 
their  occupation  of  several  posts,  the  Ltgueurs  were  throwa 
into  consternation.  Cruc^,  one  of  the  ringleaders,  ps* 
raded  the  quariier  de  rUnirersit^,  crying  aiarme  I  atarmel 
The  same  shouts  soon  spread  throughout  Paris.  The  nin- 
Dicipal  forces  immediately  took  arms,  and  assembled  ia 
their  guard-houses.  The  streets  were  barricaded  by  chaiai 
stretched  across  them,  and  barrels  filled  with  earth*  Se- 
Teral  officers,  introduced  secretly  into  Paris  by  the  doke 
de  Guise,  directed  the  plan  of  defence.  The  count  ^k 
Brissac,  assisted  by  a  troop  of  scholars  of  the  Unirawty, 
mariners,  and  artisans,  established  the  first  barricade  in 
the  Place  Maubert :  thb  example  was  followed  by  all  tbe 


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STRUTS.  189 

other  quartiers  with  a  promptneM  which  clearly  shewed  it 
to  have  been  a  preconcerted  scheme. 

Each  barricade  was  defended  by  musketry.  The  king's 
guards  endeavoured  to  place  sentinels  in  the  rue  Saint 
Severing  but  were  driven  back  by  the  municipal  forces. 
At  noon  all  the  streets  of  Paris  were  fortified  by  barri- 
cades^  some  of  which  were  establbhed  within  fifty  yards 
of  the  Louvre. 

The  royal  troops,  pressed  on  all  sides,  could  neither 
advance  nor  retire  without  being  exposed  to  the  fire  of 
the  musketry  at  the  barricades,  and  stones  thrown  from 
the  houses. 

The  king,  alarmed  at  what  was  taking  place  in  the  city, 
sent  in  succession  the  governor  of  Paris,  the  marshal  de  Bi- 
ron,  and  the  marshal  d'Aumont,  to  endeavour  to  appease  the 
populace,  by  assuring  them  of  his  intentions;  he  also  en- 
treated the  queen,  his  mother,  to  urge  the  duke  de  Guise 
to  quit  the  capital :  but  his  protestations  and  entreaties 
were  unavailing,  as  the  duke  continued  in  Paris,  and  the 
revolt  augmented. 

A  shot  fired  towards  the  rue  Neuve  de  Notre  Dame,  by 
one  of  the  king's  soldiers,  gave  birth  to  a  sanguinary 
scene,  as  the  municipal  forces  immediately  chained  the 
Swiss  stationed  upon  the  March6  Neuf.  To  volleys  of 
musketry  were  added  showers  of  stones  from  the  houses. 
According  to  some  twenty  Swiss  were  killed  and  twelve 
wounded;  but  according  to  others,  sixty  were  killed,  and 
interred  in  the  Parvis -de -Notre -Dame.  The  massacre 
of  the  Swiss  would  have  been  general,  had  not  the  count 
of  Brissac  ordered  the  firing  to  cease;  At  the  same  time, 
the  roytl  troops  upon  the  bridges  were  completely  routed, 
and  the  soldiers  with  difficulty  saved  their  lives,  by  taking 
refuge  in  the  adjacent  houses. 

The  king,  upon  learning  that  his  guards  were  defeated 


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190  STREETS. 

at  all  points,  sent  the  marshal  de  Jiiton  to  implore  the 
duke  de  Guise  to  save  the  Swiss  troops  from  the  fury  of 
the  populace.  The  duke,  proud  of  an  opportunity  of  shew- 
ing the  great  influence  he  exercised  over  the  minds  of  the 
Parisians,  consented.  At  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
he  went  from  his  residence*  to  the  Hfttel  de  Yille,  and 
afterwards  paraded  the  streets  and  public  places.  He 
silenced  the  musketry  in  all  directions,  and  commanded 
the  connt  de  Brissac  and  Captain  Saint  Paul  to  conduct 
the  French  guards  and  the  Swiss  troops  to  the  Lourre, 
with  their  heads  uncoTered,  like  ranquished  fi>es. 

In  the  evening,  the  municipal  forces  refused  to  receive 
the  watchword  from  the  privdt  de$  tnarehands,  who  was 
accustomed  to  give  it  in  the  king's  name.  Henry  III., 
finding  that  he  had  no  longer  any  authority  in  his  capitaf, 
quitted  it  on  the  following  day,  and  never  returned,  f  The 
duke  de  Guise,  upon  learning  the  king's  departure,  sou^ 
to  establish  his  own  authority  in  Paris,  and  to  that  effect 
had  the  barricades  removed,  took  possession  of  the  Grand 
Chfitelet,  the  Petit  Chfitelet,  the  Arsenal,  the  Bastile,  and 
the  Temple ;  and  deposed  the  various  authorities  from 
their  oflSces,  in  order  to  fill  them  with  individuals  of  his 
own  party. 

It  vras  not  till  the  year  1728  that  the  useful  plan  vras 
adopted  of  placing  the  names  of  streets  and  squares  in  a 
conspicuous  situation ;  and  the  names  then  given  to  them 
remained  without  variation  till  the  revolution.  Previous  to 
that  period  there  was  scarcely  a  street  in  Paris  that  had 
not  changed  its  denomination  several  times,  and  theaa 
changes  generally  had  their  origm  in  some  frivolons  cir- 
enmstance,  such  as  the  name  of  a  distii^uished  personage, 

*  Hdulde  Guise^  afterwards  called  Hdiel  de  Soubise,  and  now 
the  Royal  Printiiig  Oflke. 
t  See  Vol.  n.,  p.  15. 


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STREETS.  191 

or  a  singiriar  sign  wbieh  excited  public  cariosity^  or  an 
extraordinary  event  .that  had  occarred  in  them.  Several 
streets  derived  their  names  from  their  habitual  fihbine8S» 
others  from  the  robberies  and  murders  commitled  in 
them,  and  others  from  being  haunts  of  debaucherjr. 

The  system  of  numbering  the  bouses  in  Paris  is  far 
superior  to  that  in  the  British  capital.  Previous  to  1806 
it  was  very  defective,  but  in  that  year  a  new  plan  was  sug- 
gested, the  adoption  of  which  in  large  towns  would  be 
found  of  incalculable  advantage.  Every  sti^et,  quay  and 
boulevard  presents  on  one  side  a  series  of  even  numbers^ 
whilst  on  the  other,  the  series  of  numbers  are  uneven. 
The  streets  parallel  with  the  course  of  the  Seine,  are  dis- 
tinguished by  red  inscriptions  and  numbers ;  and  the 
series  of  numbers  begins  at  the  most  elevated  point  of  the 
river.  In  the  streets  perpendicular  to  the  Seine,  the 
numbers  are  black,  and  the  series  begins  at  the  point 
nearest  to  the  river.  This  system  is  expressed  with  ad* 
mirable  precision  in  the  following  lines,  composed  hi  1807, 
by  M.  Binet,  head-lnaster  of  the  college  n^^called  Goll^g^ 
Bourbon : — 

DiTidit  banc  urbem  duplici  nota  picta  colore ; 
Nigra  fagit  flumen,  seqahur  rubra  flamiins  imdam 
Parihis  numens :  par  dextra  imparque  siniatra 
Limina  dewgaat ;  numenis  dum  crescU  eundo 
Idem  decrescens  reditum  indicat  ordine  verso. 

The  earliest  record  of  the  streets  of  Paris  bemg  lighted 
at  night  is  of  the  year  1466,  when  Louis  XI.  issued  an 
ordinance  enjoining  a  lantern  to  be  placed  before  every 
bouse  by  its  occupier.  In  die  reigikof  Francis  L,  Paris 
being  infested  by  thieves  and  assassins,  whose  crimes  kept 
the  inhabitants  in  constant  dread  of  the  approach  of  night, 
that  monarch  issued  an  ordinance  in  1624,  commandiBg 
every  householder  **  toplace  at  nineo'dockin  the  evening. 


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192  STUBT8. 

at  the  window  of  the  fint  storey,  t  knlera  oqiUaiiuag  a 
tigkied  candle,  as  a  presenrathre  against  the  attacks  des 
mauvais  gar^ims.^*  *  At  this  period  no  one  walked  in  the 
streets  after  sun-set  without  a  lantern* 

In  the  reign  of  Louis  XIY.»  M.  de  la  Rejnie,  lieotenaM 
of  police,  formed  the  project  of  lighting  Paris  with  pnbtic 
lanterns,  one  of  which  was  fixed  in  the  centre  and  at  the 
extremities  of  each  street  When  rery  long,  a  greater 
number  was  allowed.  In  the  archives  of  the  Mint  it  ii 
stated  that  ^'  as  a  memorial  of  this  useful  institution,  a 
medal  was  struck  bearing  the  legend: — Urbis  seeuriuu 

The  abb^  Matherot  de  Preigney,  and  M.  Bourgeois  de 
Chateaublanc,  having  invented  lamps  with  reflecton, 
obtained  letters-patent,  in  17&6,  to  authorise  the  inCrodoc- 
tion  of  them,  instead  of  the  lanterns  with  candles  pre- 
viously ttsed.  These  lamps  have  been  progressively 
improved,  and  in  the  present  day  have  reached  a  con- 
siderable decree  of  perfection. 

Until  the  reig|a  of  Louis  XYI.,  Paris  was  lighted  during 
only  nine  months  of  the  year,  and  then  never  except  in  the 
absence  of  moonlight  That  monarch  decreed  its  con- 
tinuance during  the  whole  year.  In  1786,  De  Crosne , 
lieutenant  of  police,  ordered  lamps  of  a  particular  fimn 
to  be  placed  over  the  doors  of  the  commissaries  of  the 
Ch&telet,  in  order  that,  if  necessary,  those  officers  might 
be  found  in  the  night  withobt  delay  or  difficulty. 

In  1817,  the  number  of  lamps  in  the  streets  and  Plata 
of  Paris,  including  the  public  offices  and  galleries  of  the 
Palais  Royal,  was  foiir  thousand  six  hundred  and  forty-five, 
and  the  annual  expence  amounted  to  646,023  firancs.  la 
1821,  the  number  of  lamps  was  five  thousand  and  thirty- 
five. 

*  See  nteHes  Mauws  Gar^ns, 


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sniBTs.  193 

Lighting  by  gas,  first  used  at  the  Theatre  of  the  Od^on» 
was  introdaced  upon  the  public  road  in  182i»  on  the  night 
when  the  new  Opera-house  was  opened.  Eight  lamps  on 
the  bouleyard,  at  the  extremities  of  the  streets  lending  to 
that  theatre,  were  then  lighted  by  this  process,  which  has 
since  been  extended  to  a  great  number  otcafis  and  shops, 
but  is  not  generally  adopted  for  the  streets. 

The  superficies  of  the  pavement  of  Paris,  including  that 
of  the  boulevards,  is  three  million  five  thousand  four 
hundred  and  eighty-one  yards.  The  total  superficies 
o[  the  boulevards  b  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  thou-^ 
sand  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  yards,  of  which  two 
hundred  and  sixty  thousand  one  hundred  and  nine  yards 
are  paved,  and  seven  hundred  and  thirty-nine  thousand 
two  hundred  and  sixteen  unpaved.  To  keep  the  streets 
of  Paris  in  repair,  about  a  million  of  paving  stones  are  used 
annually,  exclusive  of  eighty-eight  thousand  for  the 
boulevards. 


The  following  satire  of  Boileau,  which  he  entitles  Les 
EmbarroB  de  Parts,  presents  a  correct  picture  of  the 
French  capital  in  the  time  of  Louis  XIYi 

Qui  frappe  Tair,  bon  Dieu !  de  ces  lugubres  cris? 
Est-ce  done  pour  veiller  qu'on  se  couche  k  Paris? 
£t  quel  fj&dieux  d^mon,  durant  les  nuits  entieres, 
Rassemble  ici  les  chats  de  toutes  les  goutti^ret? 
Xai  beau  sauter  du  lit,  plein  de  trouble  et  d^effiroi, 
Je  pense  qu^avec  eux  tout  Fenfer  est  cbez  moi : 
Lt'un  miaule  en  grondant  comme  tin  tigre  en  iurie ; 
Lf^autre  roule  sa  voix  comme  un  enfant  qui  crie. 
Ge  n'est  pas  tout  encor :  les  Souris  et  les  rats 
Semblent,  pour  m'^eOler,  s'entendre  ayec  les  chats, 
Plus  importUDS  pour  moi,  durant  la  nuit  obscure. 
Que  jamais,  en  plein  jour,  ne  fut  Fabb^  de  Pure. 
Tout  conspire  h  la  fob  k  troubler  mon  repos, 
Et  je  me  plains  ici  du  moindre  de  mes  maux  t 
VOL.    III.  IV 


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194  STiUTS. 

Car  apeioe  let  coqt,  coammfmi  laar  rMiUfip 
Auront  de  oris  aigus  frapp^  le  Yoisiotfl^, 
Qu  un  afireux  semirier,  laborieoz  Yukuui, 
Qa'^feillera  bientdt  Vardente  ioif  du  gain, 
Ayvc  vn  fcr  mattdit,  qa*4  gruMl  bnit  3  apppite, 
De  cent  coups  de  marteao  me  Ta  fendre  k  tile. 
JTentends  d^j4  partout  les  cbarrettes  couiir, 
Let  ina^oiu  travailler,  les  boatiqaes  s^ouTrir : 
Tandis  que  daoi  lei  eirft  miile  cloches  tones, 
D*UD  fuD^bre  concert  font  retentir  les  nnes; 
£t,  setn^lant  au  bruit  de  la  grMe  et  des  Tents, 
Pour  honorer  les  morls  font  mourir  les  Tirants. 

Encor  je  b^nirois  la  bont^  soureraine 
Si  le  del  k  ces  maux  avoit  bom^  ma  peine. 
Mais  si  seul  en  mon  lit  je  peste  arec  raison, 
G^est  encor  pis  vingt  fois  en  quitUnt  U  nuisoo : 
En  quelque  endroit  que  faille,  il  faut  fendre  la 
D*un  peuple  d'importuns  qui  founnillent  si 
L*un  me  heurte  d*un  ais  dont  je  sois  tout  fraiss^; 
Je  Tois  d*un  autre  coop  mon  chapeau  ratrers^. 
Ui  d*un  enterrement  la  fun^bre  ordonaanoe 
D'un  pas  lugubre  et  lent  rers  F^lise  s*aTance ; 
Et  plus  loin  des  laquais  Tun  Tautre  s^aga^ants 
Font  abojer  les  chiens  et  jurer  les  passants. 
Des  paveurs  en  ce  lieu  me  bouchent  le  passage. 
lA  je  trou?e  une  croix  de  funeste  prtoge; 
Et  des  coarreurs  grimp^  au  toit  d*une  maifon 
En  font  pleuToir  fardoise  et  la  tuile  k  finsoo. 
L4  sur  une  charrette  une  poutre  branlante    • 
Yient  menafant  de  loin  la  fi>ule  qu'dle  augment* ; 
Six  cheraux  atteUs  k  ce  fardeau  pesant 
Ont  peine  k  FtoouToir  sur  le  par^  glisssnt ; 
D*un  carrosse  en  toumant  il  accroche  une  rooe^ 
Et  du  choc  le  renrerse  en  un  grand  tas  de  bone; 
Qoand  un  autre  k  Tinstant  s*«Bbr(ant  de  pamcr 
Dans  le  m^e  embarras  se  rient  embarrasaer. 
Yingt  carrosses  bientAt  arrirant  4  la  file 
T  sont  en  moins  de  rien  suiris  de  phii  de  milk : 
Et,  pour  surcrott  de  maux,  un  sort  maleaooiitreas 
Conduit  en  cet  enditMt  un  grand  troupeau  de 
Cbacun  prdtend  passer ;  Tun  mugit,  Fautre  jure: 
Des  mulcts  en  soonint  augmentent  le  murroure. 


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STRUTS.  195 

Ainailrtl  f inr  rhminw  dim  It  fonlii  ippcWi 

De  renbami  ^  crott  temant  let  d^fiUs, 

Et  partooi  del  puwDlt  enduitiiftiil  let  brig^kt 

Au  mifieu  dek  pftiz  fi»i  Toir  let  bttrncades  j 

Onn^cntendque  des  crit  pcniss^  confttstoeot : 

Dieo  pour  ij  USan  ootr  tonaeroit  Tainemoit. 

Moi  done,  qui  dob  tourciit  enoertam  liea  me  i^ndre, 

Le  jour  6£jjk  bdasant^  «l  qui  snis  lai  d'attendre,. 

Ne  sadMnl  plui  tentdt  k  qad  tamt  me  Touer, 

Je  me  mets  auhatard  de  me  fidre  rauer. 

Je  santeTingt  niiateaox,  feiqiuTe,  )e  mepcMUMe; 

Gaenaud  tar  ton  ckeral  en  pattant  m'^dabonate: 

Etf  n'otant  plot  parottre  en  V^lal  oik  je  anit, 

Sans  tonger  oil  je  Tait,  je  me  aamre  oA  je  ptdi. 

Tandit  qne  dant  on  coin  en  grendant  je  m^estoie, 
Sourentt  poor  m*adieyer,  il  torfient  one  pluie : 
On  diroit  que  le  ciel,  qui  te  fond  tout  en  eau, 
Yeoille  inonder  cet  fienz  d*nn  deluge  nourean. 
Pour  trarerser  la  rue,  an  mflien  de  Torage^ 
Un  ait  tur  dedx  par^t  forme  on  tooit  passage; 
Le  i^ut  liardi  bquait  n*y  marche  qu*en  tremblant : 
n  faut  ponrtanl  patter  tor  oe  pont  cfaanoelaat ; 
Et  let  nombrenz  toxreot  qni  tombent  det  goottMret 
Grotsissant  let  mitteanx  en  ont  fait  det  mi^ret. 
yj  patte  en  tr^bnebant ;  mait,  malgr^  Fembarrat, 
La  inLjenr  de  la  nnit  pr^dpite  met  pat. 

Car,  pitdt  que  dn  toir  let  ombret  pactfquet 
D*an  double  cadenas  font  fermer  les  bontiqoet ; 
Que,  retire  chez  lui,  le  paisible  marchand 
Ya  reroir  set  billett  et  compter  ton  argent ; 
Que  4ant  le  nurch^nenf  tout  ett  cafaneet  tranqaiUe; 
Lea  Yoknn  k  Finttant  t'empaveat  de  la  fiUe. 
Le  belt  bplos  funette  etle  moint  fir^quent^ 
Cat,  AU  prix  de  Parit,  un  lieu  de  tilret^. 
ffyubcor  done  a  colui  qu  une  affiure  impreme 
Engage  xm  pea  trap  tard  an  d^toor  cfone  rnei 
BieotM  qaiatre  bandits  kd  serraat  let  cdft4t, 
La  boucae ! — ^D  faut  te  rendre ;  oa  bien  nan,  r^tittec, 
Afin  que  Totre  mort,  de  tragique  mtooire, 
Des  mntsacret  famenx  aflle  protiir  Vbittoire. 
Powr  moi,  fermant  ma  pocte«  et  c^dant  au  tommeilf 
Tout  let  joart  je  me  oouche  areoqoe  le  toleil. 

If* 


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196  STRBSTS. 

Mais  en  ma  chambre  k  pcme  ai-je  ^teiaft  k  Imii^ret 
Qu  il  ne  m'ett  pkn  permit  de  lenntr  k  pavpiire: 
Bes  filoos  cffitmt^,  (Tun  cosp  de  piatolct, 
Ebranlent  ma  fenfire,  eC  percent  mon  Tolel: 
J'entoida  crier  partout,  Au  meurtre !  On  m^nanMH 
Ou :  Le  feu  Tient  de  prendre  k  k  maiaon  Tooine* 
Trembknt  ei  demi-mort,  je  me  Ure  4  oe  bntit, 
£t  souTcnt  sans  pourpoint  \t  conrs  toute  k  nuit. 
Car  \e  fen,  dont  k  flamme  en  ondes  se  d^plote. 
Fait  de  notre  qoartier  mie  seconde  Troie, 
OU  roaint  Grec  affiun^,  maint  atide  Argien, 
Au  trarers  des  charbons  Ta  piller  k  Trojen. 
Enfin  sous  mille  crocs  k  maiaon  abkn^ 
Vf^tTutntt  ausai  k  lea  qui  se  perd  en  fom^ 

Je  me  retire  done,  encor  pik  d^eflM : 
Mais  k  jour  est  venu  quand  je  rentre  d&ex  moL 
Je  fats  pour  reposer  un  effi>rt  inutile: 
Ce  n  est  qu*&  prix  d  argent  qu*on  dort  en  oette  nUr. 
n  faudroit,  dans  Tendos  d*un  Taste  logemcniy 
Aroir  kin  de  k  rue  un  autre  appartemcoL 

Paris  est  pour  on  riche  un  pays  de  cocs^: 
Sans  sortir  de  k  Tilk,  il  troure  k  can^ia^; 
n  peut  dans  son  jardin,  tout  peupk  d^arbrei  fcrts, 
Receler  k  printemps  au  miHea  des  luTers, 
£t,  fouknt  k  paifum  de  ses  pkntes  fleories, 
Aller  entretenir  ses  douces  rlreries. 

Mais  moi,  grice  au  destin,  qui  n*ai  ni  fen  si  lien, 
Je  me  kge  oil  je  puis,  et  comme  il  pktt  k  Dico. 

RvB  d^Aguessbau, — The  name  of  thk  street  is  < 
from  Joseph  Antoine  d'Agaesseaa*  councillor  of  tke  Pi^ 
Ument,  by  whom  it  was  opened  in  the  year  17M. 

Rub  db  l^Aiguillbbib. — At  the  entrance  of  lUs  itreci 
was  a  house  belonging  to  Philippe  de  Gastine»  ^riio  aDoweJ 
the  protestants  to  preach  in  it  in  Tioktion  of  the  edicts  of 
Charles  IX,  By  command  of  that  monarch  be  was  coo- 
demned  to  death,  and  executed  in  1569;  his  hoose  wm 
raied  to  the  ground,  and  upon  the  site,  which  took  the 
name  of  Place  Gastine,  a  cross  was  erected,  whkh  wa* 
afterwards  remored  to  the  ecmeterj  des  Innocens. 


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RUB  d'augre,  etc.  197 

Rob  d'Aligbe.— -This  name  is  derived  from  J^ienne 
Francois  d'Aiigre,  chief  president  of  the  EarUment  at 
the  time  of  the  construction  of  the  ]Rarch6  Beauveau, 
into  which  it  opens. 

Rue  Ahelot* — This  street*  which  was  opened  in  Uie 
year  1780*  took  the  name  of  M.  Amelot,  secretary  of 
state  for  the  department  of  Paris. 

Rue  Saint- ANDEi-9Bs-ABCs. — ^This  street  was  formed  in 
1179,  upon  a  vineyard  named  Laas^  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  church  of  Saint-Andr^-dcs-Arcs,  which  formerly 
stood  in  its  vicinity. 

At  the  angle  of  this  street  and  the  rue  de  la  Yieille 
Bouclerie  is  a  stone»  formed  of  the  body  of  a  statue 
erected  by  the  butchers  of  Paris*  in  the  Place  Saint  Michel, 
in  honour  of  Perrinet  le  Clerc,  who  during  the  civil  wars 
which  prevaUed  in  the  reign  of  Charles  YI.   took  the 
keys  of  the  Porte  de  Buci  from  under  the  pillow  of  his 
btber,   the  keeper  of  the  gate,  and  opened  it  to  the 
troops  of  the  duke  de  Boui^ogne,  in  the  night  of  May 
28,  1418.     These  forces,  joined  by  the  populace,  rob- 
bed and  murdered  all  the  partisans  of  Charles  YI.  who  fell 
into  their  power.     About  a  fortnight  after,  the  massacre 
was  renewed  vdth  greater  fury ;  the  populace  broke  into 
the  prisons*  and  put  the  prisoners  to  death;*  two  arch- 
bishops, six  bishops,  several  presidents  and  councillors 
of  the  ParUmentf  several  maUres  des  requites,  and  a  great 
number  of  respectable  citizens,  were  thrown  fi*om  the 
towers  of  the  Conciergerie  and  the  Grand  Chfitelet,  and  re- 
ceived upon  pikes  and  swords  by  a  band  of  ruffians  below. 
At  Ihe  extremity  of  this  street  there  formerly  stood  a 
l^use  belonging  to  Jacques  Coy  tier,  physician  to  Louis 
^*    That  monardi  being  under  continual  apprehension 
^  death,  shewed  special  favour  to  his  j^ysician,  to  whom, 
*SccY<4.n.,  p,  372. 


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198  8TEBBT8. 

according  to  PhaippedeComiiief,  he  lUoned  60,000  lifrw 
per  DKMitli.  At  length  coDcetfing  a  dislike  to  him,  tke 
king  ordered  the  grand  jn^vM  to  canae  him  to  he  i 
secretly  and  pat  to  death.  The  privM  heing  a 
of  Coytier,  commnnicated  to  him  the  order  be  had  re* 
celTed ;  open  which  he  was  told  hy  the  latter  thai  be  had 
long  ascertained  bya  particolar  science  thai  the  king  wmM 
not  sarrire  him  four  days.  The  privdi  repau^  ioMBe- 
diateiy  to  Lods  XI. ,  who  bebg  alanned  at  the  inteHigaMe, 
commanded  Ceytier  to  he  qpared,  hot  forbade  him  to  aaier 
into  his  presence.  Cpon  relinqoishing  his  atteoduiee  ea 
the  king,  Coytier  built  the  hoose  in  the  me  Smnl-Andr^ 
des-Arcs,  and  placed  o?er  the  door  an  tftrirasisr, 
(apricot-tree),  to  signify  that  it  was  an  mM  (sheher)  to 
<7#yfjier  against  the  king,  and  his  other  enemies.  On  the 
door  were  canred  %ares  of  the  Yirgm  Mary,  8aiat  James> 
and  a  bishop,  with  the  following  inscription : — 

Jacobos  Cojtier,  ndei  el  consilisrhu,  ac  rkt 
CowpmoraDi  P^uridsosis.    Aram  coMt  el  in  aai 

Beneath  the  inscription  was  «n  efephaM 


Rub  D0  AnoLiis.  —This  street  here  the  ssne  aaaaa 
as  early  as  the  re^;n  of  Hnlip  Ai^;ostas,and  is  sf  poeuito 
hare  acquired  it  from  baring  been  inhabiled  hy  a  great 
number  of  English  students  belonging  to  the  Uniseisily. 

RvB  D*Aii«oeLlMB. — ^Two  street  in  Puis  are  so  calad 
in  honour  of  his*  royal  highness  Louis  Antoine  d'Aitois^ 
ddw  d'AngoulAme.  At  the  rerolution,  one  of  them  leak 
the  name  of  rue  de  CUnion. 

Rob  n'Aiwoo  (ou  Harass).  «-Anjou,  one  of  the  pre- 
fincesof  the  ancient  division  of  France,  gave  Hs  name  to 
this  street.  Henry  IV.  had  formed  the  project  ofhuildi^ 
in  the  quartierdQ  Marais  an  immense  square,  to  he  called 


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RUB  D*AlfXOU,  STC.  199 

Bl00edePram)ep  into  which  sereral  streets,  each  bearing 
the  name  ef  a  proTince,  were  to  hare  opened.^  Under 
Loois  XIII.  this  design  was  partly  etecated,  and  hence  it 
is  that  most  et  the  streets  in  this  vicinity  are  named  after 
proTincea. 

Rn  n'Amov  (roe  Dauphine). — ^Thb  street  was  opened 
in  1607,  and  was  thos  called  in  the  following  year  upon 
the  birth  of  J*  B.  Craston  de  France,  duke  d'An]ou,  second 
ion  of  Henry  lY. 

Bub  Saibtb  Anhb. — This  street  was  so  called  in  honour 
of  queen  Anne  of  Austria,  consort  of  Louis  XIII.  In 
1792  it  assumed  the  name  of  rue  Helveiius,  in  memory 
of  the  celebrated  Helvetius,  author  of  U  Livre  de  I'Es- 
prit,  etc.  He  was  bom  at  Paris  in  1715,  and  died  in 
1771. 

Rub  d'Antib. — ^The  marehi  aax  ehevauxvras  formerly 
held  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  this  street.     In  this 
market  the  duke  of  Beaufort  and  the  duke  de  Nemours, 
each  accompanied  by  four  seconds,  fought  a  duel  on  the 
SOthof  July,  1652.    When  they  met,  the  duke  of  Beau- 
fort exclaimed.  Eh,  heau'frtre,  quelle  honiet  Oubtions  le 
pa$$i^  et  $cy one  bam  amis  ;  to  ifdueh  the  duke  de  Nemours 
replied.  Ah  coquin,  il  fiiui  queje  te  tue,  ou  que  iu  me  tues. 
The  latter  fired ;  but  missing,  he  rushed  upon  the  duke  of 
Beaufort,  aword  in  hand,  and  was  killed  by  a  ball  which 
entered  Us  breast.    The  seconds  then  fought,  upon  which 
two  of  those  of  the  duke  of  Beaufini  were  killed,  and  the 
etfiera  aeriously  wounded.      At  first,  the  archbishop  of 
Park  forbade  the  funeral  serrice  to  be  performed  oyer 
the  body  of  the  duke  de  Nemours ;  but  a  fortnight  after 
he  consented  at  the  intercession  of  the  Prince  de  CSond^.  . 
The  prohibition  is  die  more  remarkable,  as  the  ardibidiop 
was  the  cekA>rated  cardinal  de  Betz,  who  generally  carried 
*  dc^gger  in  his  pocket. 


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200  sniBTd. 

Rue  db  l'Abbeb  Sec— This  sireel  derired  its  namt 
from  the  sigo  of  the  arbrc  $ee  (dry  tree),  situated  near  tlM 
church  of  Saint-Germnn-I'Auxerrois* 

In  the  year  1606,  a  tumult  arose  in  this  street,  in  i 
quence  of  the  curate  of  Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois  i 
to  bury  a  tradesman  until  he  had  read  his  will.  At  this 
period  the  bishop  of  Paris  frequently  refused  christiia 
burial  to  such  persons  as  had  died  intestate,  or  had  not 
bequeathed  a  legacy  to  the  church,  unless  the  relatifes  er 
executors  made  an  offering  in  the  name  of  their  deceased 
friends.  During  the  ravages  of  the  plague,  in  1663,  miy 
corpses  remained  several  days  unburied,  till  at  length  the 
vicar-general,  in  the  absence  of  the  bishop,  pemitted 
their  interment  sans  tirtr  h  constquenec  In  the  Joonai 
of  the  reigns  of  Charles  YI.  and  Charles  YII.  it  is  reiaied 
that,  in  1440,  the  cemetery  des  Innocens  was  closed,  be- 
cause the  survivors  of  deceased  persons  refesad  to  pay 
the  sum  demanded  by  maltre  Denis  des  MooIibb,  hisbop 
of  Paris,  pour  Us  laisser  pourrir  en  tsrre  UmiSc  In 
1662  an  end  was  put  to  this  impesitiou  by  a  decreo  of  the 
ParUmerU. 

On  the  26th  of  September  1687,  a  Norman,  nmei 
Cbantepie,  was  brd^en  upon  the  wheel  near  the  Croii  da 
Tiroir  in  this  street,  for  having  sent  by  a  footman»  to  the 
seigneur  de  Millau  d'Alligr6,  a  box  artfully  fitted  up  with 
thirty-six  pistob,  each  loaded  with  two  balls,  which  were 
dischaiged  upon  opening  the  box.  It  was  accompanied  by 
a  letter,  which  stated  it  to  be  of  cprious  inniltmiiMp 
and  sent  to  him  by  his  sister.  The  footmaa,  ignorant  ef 
the  contents  of  the  box,  opened  it  in  the  presence  otMSkm, 
who  was  only  slightly  wounded;  but  the  footman  received 
three  balls  in  the  thigh,  and  shortly  afker  exj^red. 
Cbantepie,  who  was  arrested  on  suspicion,  confessing  that 
be  had  made  the  box,  was  condemned  and  executed,    h 


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RUE  DB  I'aRCADE,  ETC.  201 

1760,  a  sinular  machine  was  sent  to  a  rich  merchant  of 
Lyons  by  his  brother,  wlio  was  tried,  convicted,  and  con- 
demned to  the  galleys* 

Rub  db  l'Abgadb. — In  this  street  is  an  hotel  called 
Paiu  Maiion  du  Prince  de  S^ubiae^  which  contains  a 
dining-room  adorned  with  statues  and  bas-reliefs  by  the 
first  masters. 

Rub  d'Artois. — Upon  the  opening  of  tlus  street  in 
1770,  it  was  so  called  in  honour  of  the  king^s  brother,  the 
count  d'Artois ;  but  in  1792  its  name  was  exchanged  for 
that  of  rue  Cerutti,  in  memory  of  J.  A.  J.  Gerutti,  who  was 
born  at  Turin,  in  June  1738,  and  died  at  Paris,  in  February 
1792.  In  1791  he  was  the  editor  of  a  journal  entitled 
la  FeuilU  Fillageoise,  and  when  on  his  death-bed 
composed  seyeral  stanzas,  which  conclude  as  follows : — 

£t  Yous,  bons  Tillageois,  que  je  briUais  d'instniire, 
Ayant  que  d'expirer,  j*ai  deux  mots  k  yous  dire : 
De  tous  les  animaux  qui  rayagent  uq  champ^ 
LeprStre  qui  yous  trompe  est  le  plus  roalfaisant. 

At  the  time  of  the  dissolution  of  the  Jesuits,  M.  Cerutti 
was  an  abbot  of  that  order. 

An  hotel  in  this  street,  during  the  reign  of  Napoleon, 
was  occupied  by  Hortensia,  the  then  Queen  of  Holland, 
daughter  of  the  empress  Josephine.  Since  the  king's  re- 
turn the  name  rue  d'Artois  has  been  restored. 

Rub  d'Assas. — This  street  bears  the  name  of  the  che- 
valier d'Assas,  captain  in  the  regiment  of  Auvergne,  who 
distinguished  himself,  in  1760,  at  the  battle  of  Rheinberg, 
where  be  lost  his  life. 

Rub  Aubrt-lb-Boughbb.  —  In  the  year  1809  a  culprit, 
on  his  way  to  execution,  was  met  in  this  street  by  cardinal 
de  Saint  fiua^e,  who  delivered  him  from  punishment. 
For  a  long  period  cardinak  claimed  the  privilege  (like  the 


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202  iTUKTg. 

Veilab  al  Borne)  of  granting  pardon  to  a  criminal,  opaa 
their  declaration  of  haring  met  him  by  accident. 

Rub  Saintb  Atoib. — ^Anne  de  Montmorency,  cwwtaMe 
of  France,  died  at  an  hotel*  in  this  street  cm  the  12tli  ef 
NoTcmber,  1667,  of  the  wounds  that  he  receiTed  at  Ae 
battle  of  Saint  Denis.  This  veteran,  althou^  seventy- 
four  years  of  age,  his  sword  hndien,  and  covered  whh 
blood,  being  summoned  to  surrender  by  Robert  Stuart, 
gave  him  so  violent  a  blow  in  the  face,  that  he  knodLod 
out  two  teeth  and  unhorsed  him.  One  of  Stuari*s  sol- 
diers immediately  discharged  a  pistol  at  the  constable,  by 
which  three  balls  were  lodged  in  his  loins.  He  had  served 
under  five  kings,  had  been  engaged  in  nearly  two  hundred 
actions,  including  eight  pitched  batties,  and  had  been  em- 
ployed in  ten  treaties  of  peace. 

At  an  hotel  in  this  street  a  grand  ball  was  given  oo  the 
27th  of  February,  1786,  by  madame  de  Vergennes.  On 
his  way  thither,  the  minister  Galonne  was  stopped  by 
the  populace,  who  were  waiting  for  him  in  the  street;  his 
servants  were  pelted,  and,  after  some  altercation,  be  was 
compelled  to  return.  This  assault  is  said  to  have  been 
occasioned  by  a  new  year's  gift  which  he  had  sent  to  fab 
mistress,  consisting  of  treasury  notes,  to  curl  her  hair, 
and  a  cosdy  box  adorned  with  diamonds  and  fiDed  with 
louis-d'or. 

Rob  db  Babtlonb. — ^Tlie  name  of  this  street  is  derived 
from  Bernard  de  Sainte  Thir^,  bishop  of  Babylon,  who 
possessed  several  houses  in  it. 

Rub  du  Bag. — ^Previous  to  the  construction  of  a  bridge 
opposite  the  palace  of  the  Tuileries,  the  river  was  crossed 

^  Now  the  rendence  of  the  directeur  g^nAral  des  conirihwtiom§ 
imUrecia.    Sea  Hdtei  de  Me$mes^  Yol.  n.,  p.  209. 


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WE  BAILUF^  ETC.  203 

al  thai  spot  by  a  boo  (ferry-boat) »  which  gare  its  moofe  to 
this  street.* 

Rub  Bailuf. — ^This  street  deriyes  its  name  from  the 
fiimily  Ballffte^  corrupted  to  BaiUif,  lAo  possessed  con- 
siderable property  in  the  vicinity^  under  the  reign  of 
Henry  IV. 

HvE  M  LA  BABiLLsaiB* — ^This  slToet  was  formerly  called 
me  de  la  Barthtiemi,  from  the  anciest  parish  church  of 
the  PdlaU,  dedicated  to  Saint  Bartholomew^  which  was 
situated  in  it»  but  demolished  at  the  revdutioB. 

Robert^  son  of  Hugh  Capet,  prerious  to  his  marriage 
with  his  cousin  Berthe»  contoked  an  Assembly  of  bishops, 
who  granted  him  a  diq^satiim.    Xwo  years  after,  Gre- 
gory y.  haying  been  dected  to  die  papal  chair,  held  a 
council  at  Rmio,  whose  fost  decree  was  directed  against 
this  marriage,  and  was  couched  in  the  following  terms: — 
''  King  Ridiert  and  Berthe  his  cousin,  haying  married  in 
yiolation  of  the  laws  of  the  church,  must  sepanM  for 
eyer,  and  do  penance  for  seyea  yearsi  and  Archambant, 
tfchbishop^  Tours,  who  prononnced  the  nuptial  benedic- 
ti<Mi,asweHas  all  ^  bishops  present  at  the  celebration  of 
that  incestoons  marriage,  are  interdicted  from  the  com- 
munion till  they  haye  repttred  to  Rome,  and  rendered 
satisfaction  to  the  Holy  See.**    Robert  refesed  to  obey, 
and  was  exooramunicated.     This  measure  lureduced  such 
dread  among  his  atleiidanls  that  be  was  deserted  by  the 
whole  court,  and  left  with  only  two  seryants,  who  purified 
every  yesseltou^^ed  by  the  k^g  before  they  would  use  it 
Haying  gone  one  morning  to  perfonn  his  deyotions  at  the 
door  of  the  church,  fHudi  he  dared  not  onter^  Abbon, 
abbot  of  Fleari,  Mbwed  by  two  maids  ^  the  AiAm, 
bearing  a  gold  dish  coyered  wiA  a  napkin,  approached, 
and,  lifting  up  the  napkm,  announced  the  aecauchmnmu 
^  SttPamRoyaly  p.  163. 


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204  6TKBXS. 

of  Berthe,  adding,  ^'  See  the  consequences  of  your  do- 
obedience  to  the  decrees  of  the  church,  and  the  teal  of 
the  curse  upon  the  fruit  of  your  anumrs."  Robert  looked, 
and  beheld  a  monster  with  the  head  and  neck  of  a  docL 
Beiihe  was  repudiated,  and  Robert  married  Constance  de 
ProYence,  whose  haughty,  cruel,  and  vindictive  temper 
was  a  source  of  continual  torment  to  him,  and  occaaioaed 
frequent  troubles  to  the  state. 

Rub  Babbb  nu  Bbc.  —  This  street  is  so  caUed  became 
the  abbot  of  Bee,  in  Normandy,  possessed  a  hoaae  ia  k 
before  which  there  was  a  bar.* 

RvB  DBS  Babbbs  {de  la  Gr6ve)» — In  this  street  stood  tbe 
Hfttel  de  Chami,  belonging  to  Louis  de  Bourdon,  a  very 
handsome  man,  who  had  distinguished  himself  in  several 
actions,  and  particulariy  at  the  battle  of  AgincourC,  htit 
whose  amours  with  Isabella  of  Bavaria,  consort  otCbuki 
TI. ,  exposed  him  to  public  reproach.  Going  one  eveaing 
to  visit  the  queen  at  Vincennes,  he  met  the  king  oo  the  road, 
whom  he  saluted,  and  passed  vnthout  stqpping.  The  kiag  < 

rec<^bing  him,  ordered  Tannegui  du  Chfitel,  prMi  of 
Paris,  to  arrest  and  conmiit  him  to  prison*     In  the  la^X  ^ 

be  was  examined,  and  thrown  into  the  Seine  in  a  la^  f 

bearing  this  inscription :  Laiisez  pas$er  la  fusUee  dm  ffi  n 

On  the  following  day  the  queen  was  sent  to  Tours,  wU  ^i 
guards  to  watch  her  conduct.  An  ancient  author  iMs,  to 
that  a  man,  who  was  sent  to  the  H6tel  de  Chami  to  seiae  dj 
Bourdon's  papers,  upon  opening  the  door  of  a  doaet,  was  {q 
•eixed  by  ten  or  twelve  serpents,  which  fixed  iqion  kii  <q 
neck,  legs,  and  arms,  and  occasioned  his  death  I  Ji 

Rvb  MS  Babibs  {Saint  Pau/).— This  street  is  ao  caDed 
because  it  led  to  a  convent  of  Carmelites  who  w<we  pUd 
garments,  and  never  conversed  but  throu^  gratjngs  or 
bars. 

*  For  origin  of  6«irf ,  see  YA  II.,  p.  185. 


^ 


»o: 


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BUE  DE  BATUXE,  ETC.  209 

Rue  bb  Batiixb. — Giiillaome  de'  liamoignctti,  seigneur 
de  Bafrille,  chief  president  of  the  Parletnent  in  i658» 
gave  his  mime  to  this  street,  which  leads  into  the  conr 
Lamoignon. 

Rub  dh  Bbaujolois  (auMarais). — A  province  of  France 
gaye  its  name  to  this  street.*  In  1793  it  was  called  me 
des  Alpes,  but  in  181&  resumed  its  former  denomina* 
tion. 

Two  other  streets,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Palais  Royal,  are 
so  called  after  the  count  de  Beaujolob,  son  of  the. late 
duke  of  Orleans.  In  1798,  one  iook  the  name  jof  rue 
Hoehe,  in  honour  of  general  Hoche,  who  was  bom  at 
Versailles  in  1768,  and  died  in  1797.  .  About  the  same 
time  the  other  was  called  rue  d'Arcole,  in  memory  of  the 
victory  gained  by  the  French  over  the  Austrians  at  Arcole, 
on  the  16th  of  November,  1796.  The  ori^nal  names  were 
restored  in  1814. 

Rub  Bbllefoni). — This  street  is  so  called  after  madame 
de  Bellefond,  abbess  .of  Nontmartre. 

Rub  DBS  Bbbnabdins. — ^A  convent  of  Bemardins  in  the 
vicinity  gave  its  name  to  this  street.  In  the  time  of  the 
Fronde,  the  cardinal  de  Retz  and  his  partisans,  wishing  to 
excite  a  disturbance  in  Paris,  formed  a  project  for  per- 
suading the  populace  that  the  court  party  had  attempted 
to  assassinate  one  of  their  favourites  named  Joly,  a  syn- 
dic of  the  city  and  councillor  of  the  Parlemeni.  His 
doublet  and  cloak  were  stuffed  and  pierced  with  a  ball, 
and  Joly  made  a  wound  in  his  left  arm  with  a .  gun-Aint. 
On  the  followmg  day,  as  he  was  passing  in  his  car- 
riage through  the  rue  des  Bemardins,  d'Estainville  came 
up  and  fired  a  pistol,  whilst  Joly  stooped  down.  .The  lattmr 
was  immediately  conveyed  to  a  sui^eon,  who  dressed  the 
wound  made  by  himself  in  his  arm.  During  this  operation, 
^  See  rue  dAnjouy  p.  i98. 


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206  STIEBTS. 

erery  dbft  was  eoq^Ioyed  to  stir  up  the  people,    iol  j 
himaelffreqiieiitly  acknowledged  afterwards^  with  an  air  of 
tatisfadion,  that  he  had  procured  fidte  witnettea*  and 
adopted  eyery  means  in  hb  power  to  persuade  the  popn 
lace  that  the  qoeen-regent  and  her  ministers  soof^  to 


Bv^DB  Bbibt. — ^Thb  street  is  so  called  after  a  prvTince 
of  France.  The  rue  Neuw  de  Berry  derired  its  nasM 
from  his  bte  royal  highness  the  duke  of  Beiry,  aon  of 
MoRsuuBt  and  nephew  of  Loius  XYIIL 

RvB  BBmsT.-^Ihis  street  derived  its  name  from  Jean 
Bethisy,  procureor  of  the  ParUtmm  in  lAlO.  It  waa  at 
the  hotel.  No.  20/  that  admiral  de  CoUgri  was  inham^ 
mnrdered  by  a  party  of  miBans*  headed  by  the  Aakm  de 
Gnise^  on  the  2Ath  of  Angtist»  1672,  during  the  massacre 
of  Saint  Bartholomew's  Day.f 

Rub  db  la  BiBuoTHkQUB. — ^This  street,  crigbally  ealled 
me  du Champ  Flenri,  wu  caponed  npon  a  garden  hdon|^i( 
to  the  ancient  cAdisott  of  the  Lenrre.  Dponadncroehaing 
issoed  entheSlst  of  March,  1801,  jbr  the  renMfal  oftha 
BlbU0tk6^Me  BcfmU%  to  the  Lonrre,  it  aasomed  ila  pta- 


The  me  da  Chan^  Fleuri  was  notariona  at  an  early 
period  as  the  residence  and  resort  of  prostitntea.  fhaala 
mi^gna  attempled  to  banish  fkaok  from  Barisa  attd»  lo 
prefont  their  nomber  increasing,  orderad  thtt  •^^ary 
one  shonid  be  whipped  in  the  pahlie  marhst. 
Ciwks  y.  and  Ghailes  VL  they  formed  a 
hnting  rules,  prisikges,  and  esDemplians*  and  made  a  an* 
kmn  pmaessiun  on  the  day  of  tke  least  of  Jimy 
IsB.    lnl867,IIngnasAdirioi,p^Miofnnis,^ 

•  See  ndteiae  Rohan  Montbaum^  Tol.  II.»  p.  219. 
t  See  Introduetiim^  Sect  HI. 
$  Then  BiNioiUfm  Nktimmk. 


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RUB  DE  LA  BIENFAISANCE,  ETC.  20t 

a  certain  number  of  streets  for  Iheir  residence,  and  among 
others  the  rue  du  Champ  Fleuri.  In  the  reign  of  Fran- 
cis h  there  were  a  number  of  prostitutes,  under  the  di- 
rection of  a  DmM^  attached  to  the  court ;  they  were 
subjeei  to  regulations,  and,  in  the  event  of  disobeying 
their  matron,  were  liable  to  be  whipped  and  branded. 
At  various  periods  convents  have  been  established  for 
their  reception  and  reform;  but,  as  in  every  other  large 
town,  the  number  in  Paris  is  considerable.  They  are 
under  the  surv^Uanee  of  the  police,  and  are  required  to 
obtain  a  license  to  carry  on  their  commerce. 

RvB  BE  LA  BiENFJUSAiiCB.  —  This  Street,  which  was 
opened  about  twenty-4wo  years  ago,  was  so  called  because 
several  houses  in  it  belonged  to  M.  Gostz,  a  physician, 
who  was  distinguished  by  his  acts  of  beneficence. 

Rub  des  Billbttbs. — In  the  fifteenth  century  tins  street 
was  called  rue  oh  Dieu  fui  bouiUL* 

Rub  Bisst. — Tim  street  took  its  nasao  tfrom  oirdinal 
de  Bissy,  abbot  of  Saint^Germain^det^lVte. 

Rub  Bmub. — This  street  was  called  we  d'finfer  till 
1802,  wben  M.  Stttry  obtaining  a  patent  for  making  stone 
blue»  and  establishing  his  manufactory  here,  it  took  the 
name  of  rue  Bleue. 

Rub  BossuET.T-This  street  is  so  called  in  BMmery  of 
Bossuet,  bishop  of  Meaux,  a  eelabrated  writer  and  preadMr, 
who  was'  bom  at  Dijon  in  1627,  and  died  at  Meam  in 
1704» 

Res  Be«CHBaAT.*--In  1099,  when  this  street  was  opened, 
IL  Boodierat,  whose  name  it  bears,  was  chancellor  of 
FraoM. 

Rub  BBS  BoocvsaxES.  —  In  the  vicioity  of  this  street  se- 
veral boueherie$  (shambf^),  dependent  upon  the  abbey  of 

*  See  Cannes  Biiienes,  Tol.  I.,  p.  265. 


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208  STREETS* 

Saint  Gennain/  were  established  in  127A.  Pari  of  the 
street  was  fonned  upon  the  ancient  warren  of  the  abbey. 
Loub  de  France,  son  of  Philippe-Ie-Hardi,  built  an  hotel 
near  this  spot,  upon  a  Yineyard  which  he  purchased  of 
Baoul  de  Presles,  advocate  of  the  Parlememi,  and  father 
of  Raoul  de  Presles»  so  celebrated  for  his  works  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  V*»  who  took  the  titln  nf  f(rnf(^$mmv  if 
Podte  du  rot. 

Rue  Boudeeau.  —  This  street  derives  its  name  tnm 
M.  Boudreau,  who  was  city  registrar  in  1780,  when  it 
was  opened. 

Rub  DBS  BouLETS. — In  the  sixteenth  century  there  wm 
near  this  spot  a  field  for  practising  archery  and  the  art  of 
slinging.  The  6ott/sls  (bullets)  used  in  this  exercise  gava 
its  name  to  the  street. 

•  Rue  du  Boulot. — In  1369  this  name  was  ipefc  fa 
jff<Hi/»^rf,  commonly  called  Cour  Bazitc.  This  courts 
a  largf  space^long  dependent  as  a  burial-ground  upon  the 
parish  church  of  Saint  Bnstache:  it  was  afterward  bought 
by  the  chancellot  Seguier,  and  houses  were  buik  upon  it 
llie  name  of  the  street  is  derived  from  bouUers  (players  at 
bowls),  because  the  Cour  Baxile  was  used  as  a  bonfiag- 
green. 

Rub  Bouebon. — This  street,  which  was  opened  in  IMO 
upon  the  Pr6-aux-Glercs,  took  the  name  of  BooriKm  ia 
honour  of  Henry  de  Bourbon,  then  abbot  of  Saint-Gcr* 
main-des-Pr&.  On  the  27th  of  October,  1792,  it  wm 
named  rue  de  Lille,  by  a  decree  of  the  commnoe  of 
Paris,  in  memory  of  the  valiant  defence  made  by  Ike  city 
of  Lille,  which  was  bombarded  by  the  Austrians  bom  the 
22d  of  September  till  the  8th  of  Octol^»  1792.  The 
original  name  was  restored  in  1814» 

♦  Sec  p.  M. 


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BUS  BOURBON-LE-CHATEAU,  ETC.  209 

At  an  hotel  in  this  street  the  duchess  de  Praslin  died  oh 
the  ilth  of  April,  178&.  Sh6  disinherited  her  children 
under  the  iklse  persuasion  that  her  husband  had  exchanged 
them  for  others,  of  which  he  was  the  father  by  a  celebrated 
actress,  and  bequeathed  her  property  to  the  grandchildren 
of  the  prince  de  Soubise,  whom  she  did  not  eyen  know. 
By  this  will,  which  was  set  aside,  she  left  to  her  husband 
a  model  of  the  statue  of  Henry  lY .  upon  the  Pont  Neuf. 

Among  the  numerous  spacious  and  splendid  mansions  in 
this  street,  is  the  Hdtel  Lafayette.  On  the  7th  of  Oc- 
tober* 1786,  the  States  of  Virginia  presented  to  the  city 
of  Paris,  by  Mr.  Jefferson,  their  envoy,  the  bust  of  gene- 
ral de  Lafayette.  M.  £this  de  Corny,  procureur  du  rot, 
pronounced  an  oration  at  the  dedication  of  the  bust.  It 
is  a  remarkable  cii^umstance,  that  this  ancient  officer 
received  the  oath  of  M.  de  Lafayette  when  he  was  created 
a  captain  of  the  regiment  de  Noailles ;  followed  him  to 
America  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-general,  and  was 
afterwards  charged  to  pronounce  his  panegyric. 

Rub  Boubbon-lb-Ghatbav. — This  street  is  so  called 
because  cardinal  de  Bourbon,  abbot  of  Saint-Germain- 
des-Pr^s,  built  a  palace  in  it,  in  1680.  At  the  revolution 
it  was  denominated  rue  de  la  CkaumUre,  and  afterwards 
rue  de  CAbbajre.  In  1814«  the  original  name  was  res- 
tored. 

Rub  Boubbon-Villbneuve. — A  convent  of  Filles-Dieu, 
from  the  abbey  of  Fontrevault,  being  established  in  the 
quartter  de  la  Fille  Neuve,  at  Paris,  the  name  of  Bour- 
bon-Ville-Neuve  was  given  to  this  street  in  honour  of 
Jeanne  de  Bourbon,  abbess  of  Fontrevault.  In  1792,  it 
was  called  rtie  Neuve-I&galiU.  In  1807,  it  was  named 
rue  iCAbouhir,  in  memory  of  the  battle  of  Abonkir  in 
Egjpt,  where  the  Turks  were  defeated  by  the  French  on 

VOL.  III.  o 


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2  1 0  STREETS. 

the  19th  of  July»  1799.     The  original  name  was  reslorcti 
in  1814. 

Rub  BoviDALOUB. — This  street  bore  the  name  of  the 
celebrated  Jesuit,  Bourdaloue,  who  was  bom  ai  Boorges 
in  1033,  an4  died  in  1704.  It  was  destroyed  in  1812,  to 
enlarge  the  garden  of  the  archiepiscopal  palace. 

Rub  DBS  BouHDOiijiAis. — Besides  the  Maison  de  la  Coo- 
ronne  d'Or,^  there  exists  in  this  street  an  hotel  built  by 
the  family  of  Neuville  Villeroy,  and  which  bore  their  arms 
o¥er  the  door  in  1704.  The  celebrated  Villeroy^  arch- 
bishop of  Lyons,  was  bom  in  this  hotel.  Bassompierre, 
in  his  memoirs,  says  that  he  was  an  archbishop  surrounded 
by  guards  instead  of  priests,  following  a  stag  with  a  pack 
of  hounds  instead  of  the  cross,  making  good  cheer  in- 
stead of  fasting,  boasting  of  the  grandeur  of  the  court 
instead  of  preaching  humility;  and  lastly,  so  burdensooie 
to  the  city  of  Lyons,  that  he  was  rather  a  worldly  tyrant 
than  a  spiritual  pastor.  He  committed  incredible  exac- 
tions. From  time  to  time  he  sent  for  the  iehcvim,  and 
extorted  money  from  them  under  various  pretexts.  At 
one  time  he  told  them  that  his  brother,  the  marshal,  had 
lost  a  certain  sum  by  gaming,  and  that  they  muU  make 
good  the  amount.  The  ichtvins  dared  not  disobey,  and 
on  the  following  day  carried  him  the  sum  demanded. 

The  marshal  de  Villcroy,  under  Louis  XIV.,  being  or- 
dered, after  the  battle  of  Ramilies,  to  send  in  his  resigna- 
tion, refused,  until  he  should  receive  a  formal  command 
to  that  effect.  The  king,  upon  his  retum,  wishing  to  have 
it  believed  that  the  marshal  had  expressed  a  desire  to  re- 
sign,  said  to  him  in  an  affectionate  tone  :  **  II  parmii, 
MomUur  U  MaHekal,  que  la  forttmc  n*e$$  pas  mste  it 
la  vUilUuc;  nous  nous  consoUram  ensemble  tU  ses  ca- 
prices. 

•  Sec  Vol.  II.,  p.  I9j. 


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AVE  LA  BOUEDOJINAYS,  ETC.  21 1 

Rob  bb  la  BouBDoiiNiiTB.— Tbeaaine  of  this  tireel  is  de* 
rifed  Ifom  Ibh^  de  la  Bourdomiaye*  goTernor  of  the  isles 
of  France  and  Bourbon,  who  was  born  at  Saint  Malo,  in 
1699,  wd  died  ki  i7M. 

RvB  BouBA  L'AiBi*— The  Baurg  FAkU,  so  o^Hed  be- 
cause dependeirt  upon  the  abbot  «f  Saint  Martm,  existed 
al  a  Tery  early  period,  bemg  mentioned  under  the  lungs  of 
the  second  race.  I^  was  without  the  boniris  of  the  city  till 
walls  were  erected  by  Philip  Avgustos.  The  princ^l 
street  ef  the  bawg  Fetaned*its  name. 

Rub  db  la  Botavtbbib* — A  manufactory  of  h^ymm 
(catgut)  gave  tto  name  to  this  street,  which,  fer  a  short 
time,  was  called  rue  Dubois,  after  M.  Dubois,  pr^H^t  of 
the  pcdioe. 

Rub  bb  Bbaqvb. — This  street  was  pr%inally  called  rue 
des  Bomeherta-du'-Tempte,  from  some  Ambles  con-* 
strocted  in  it  by  the  Templars.  In  1348,  Arnoul  de 
Braqoe  huilt  in  it  a  chapel  which  was  named  ChapeUe  de 
la  Merei.  Shortly  after,  Nicholas  de  Braque,  his  s<hi, 
fnaOre-^hdiet  to  Charles  Y.,  occupied  an  hotel  in  this 
street,  which  t^n  took  the  name  of  rue  de  Braque. 

Rub  Bbbtbuil. — The  name  of  this  street,  whidi  was 
opened  in  1765,  upon  ground  belonging  to  the  priory  of 
Saint-Martin-des-Champs,  took  its  name  from  M.  Tcmnel- 
lier,  baron  de  Breteuil,  who  was  minister  at  that  period* 

Rub  BaBtoHViLLiBBS. — Tins  street  bears  the  name  of 
M«  le  Ragob  de  Bretonyilliers,  president  of  the  Chambre 
dee  Cotnpies  in  the  seventeenth  century* 

Rub  pb  la  Bucbbbie*  —The  School  of  Medicine  was 
formerly  ailuatod  in  this  street,  which  takes  its  name  from 
the  port  aux  buches  (billet  wharf),  in  the  vicinity.  For^ 
merly  the  professors  of  medicine,  being  all  eUrcs,  were 
forbklden  to  marry*  Upon  the  re-organization  of  tha 
University  in  1866,  by  two  cardinals  sent  from  Rome,  they 


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212  STICETS; 

represented  the  hardship  of  their  case  in  aocb  f^kmitf 
colours^  that  permission  was  granted  them  to  renoaaoet 
stale  of  celibacy. 

RvE  DE  BvFFAULT. — This  Street  bears  the  name  of  ft  4i 
BuiTault,^  secretary  of  Louis  XYL,  and  receiTerfenenl  «f 
the  domains,  gifts,  dutias»  and  fortifications  of  the  c^«f 
Paris,  for  which  appointment  he  was  indebted  to  theoon- 
tess  Dubarri.  In  1776  he  became  director  of  the  0^, 
and,  as  he  had  origbaUy  been  a  mercer,  a  caricatnre  ^ 
peared,  in  which  he  was  represented  with  an  ell  measMg 
the  mouths  of  the  actresses.  His  wife,  who  died  of  Ike 
small-pox  in  1777,  was  distinguished  by  her  beaotj  aaJ 
the  patronage  she  afforded  to  artists  and  men  of  leamiag* 

Rub  Bvffon. — This  street,  which  extends  along  tko 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  is  so  called  in  memory  of  the  cefctbraled 
count  de  Buffon,  superintendent  of  the  garden*  w:bo  was 
born  in  1707,  and  died  in  1788. 

Rub  Bnssi. — This  street  was  originally  caBed  r«ed« 
Pilorif  because  a  pillory,  belonging  to  thq  abbey  of  Saint- 
Germain-des-Pr^,  stood  in  it.  In  1360,  Simon  de  Biici, 
chief  president  of  the  Pmrlement,  purchased  of  the  abbey 
the  Porte  Saint  Germain,  which  took  his  name;  and  as 
this  street  led  to  the  gate»  it  was  called  rue  dc  Bmti,  bj 
corruption  rue  Buisu 

.Rub  DBS  BuTTBs. — ^The  name  of  this  street  is  deriiei 
from  the  buttes  or  hillocks  which  existed  at  the  spot  opoo 
which  it  has  been  formed.^ 

Rub  du  C adran. — This  street  was  formerly  called  rm  dm 
Bout-^'Monde,  from  a  sign,  on  which  was  reptoaenteH  a 
boue,  due,  and  monde  (a  he-goat,  a  bird,  and  a  ^obe), 
with  the  inscription  au  boucHiue-^numde,  which,  when 
applied  to  the  street,  was  corrupted  to  Boui-dm-Memde. 
In  1806  it  took  the  name  of  Cadran,  from  the  cadrmm 
*  Stt  JRmg  Neuve  Semt  Boch,  p.  281. 


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HUE  CAFFAIELU,  tTG.  213 

(dial-plate)  of  a  clock  with  chimes,  in  £ront  of  a  lock- 
smithes  house. 

RvB  GAFFABELU.^This  Street  is  so  called  in  honour  of 
general  Gaffarelli. 

Rub  nu  Gairb* — The  name  of  Caire  was  giyen  to  thifr 
street  in  memory  of  the  yictorious  entry  of  the  French 
troops  into  Cairo,  on  the  23d  of  July,  1798. 

RvB  DB  Ul  Calandbb. — Tradition  relates  that  Saint  Mar- 
cel was  born  in  this  street,  near  the  rue  de  la  Juiyerie. 
It  is  certain  that,  in  the  solemn  processions  of  the  chapter 
of  Notre  Dame  on  Ascension  Day,  a  pause  was  made  before 
a  house  in  it.  At  the  comer  of  the  street  was  a  stone 
with  the  following  inscription,  of  which  no  solution  can  be 

given: — 

Urbs  m6  decolaTit, 
Rex  me  restituit; 
Medicuf  aroplificarit. 

Rub  bu  Cahitbt* — Thb  name  is  properly  Penknife 
Street^  eanivet  being  an  obsolete  word  for  which  cantf  is 
now  used.  In  the  vicinity  is  Sc%s$or$  Street  {rue  de$ 
Ciseaux). 

Rub  Gabdihalb. — Cardinal  Furstemberg4>eing  abbot  of 
Saint-Germain-des-Pr^,  in  1699,  .when  this  street  was 
opened,  it  was  called  rue  Cardinale,  in  his  honour.  In- 
1806  it  assumed  the  name  of  rue  de  Guntzbaurg,  in  me- 
mory of  the  battle  of  Guntzboui^,  six  leagues  from  Ulm, 
in  which  the  French  completely  routed  the  Austrians,  on 
the  9th  of  October,  1806.  In  1814  the  original  name 
was  restored. 

Rub  bu  Gabbousbl. — This  street  was  opened  in  1808, 
to  form  a  communication  between  the  palace  of  the  Tui- 
leries  and  that  of  the  Louyre,  and  took  the  name  of  rue 
Ifnp6riale.  In  1815  the  present  name  was  given  to  it  on 
account  of  its  opemiig  into  the  Place  du  Cai^rousel. 


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214  STRUTS. 

Rub  Cassbttb. — A  few  years  ago»  Stephanie  Louise  de 
Bourbon  Conti»  born  towards  the  end  of  the  jeer  170S» 
occupied  an  i^artment  in  a  small  hotel  in  this  sUeeC 
Sprung  from  the  prince  de  Conti  and  a.  duchess  eqoaDy 
distinguished  by  her  beauty^  rank»  and  fortune^  the  took 
the  title  of  coimtess  de  Mont  Cainain^  and  remaiiied  tiB 
the  age  of  twelve  years  the  object  of  her  pavenia* 
tion.  In  177S,  she  was  to  have  been  presented  at 
but  her  mother,  desirous  of  prerenting  an 
that  would  have  betrayed  her  maternal  parent, 
to  be  hurried  away  to  Lons4e-Sanlnier.  The  prinee  da 
Conti  beliered  her  to  be  dead,  and  she  could  find  no  meant 
of  communicating  her  real  situation  either  to  her  fiither  or 
her  tutor,  the  celebrated  Jean-Jacques-Rousseao.  After 
five  weeks  residence  in  a  convent  at  Chfilons-snr-Sadoe,  m 
proposal  was  made  to  her  to  marry  a  man  for  whom  the 
entertained  the  utmost  aversion ;  force  was  attempted  to 
be  employed,  but  the  priests  refused  to  perform  the  oer^ 
mony.  Stephanie  was  then  hrought  to  Paris,  where  the 
marriage  was  clandestinely  celebrated,  and  she  ww  re- 
conducted to  Lons-Ie-Saulnier,  where  she  resigned  her- 
self to  domestic  labour,  but  would  never  consent  to  Eve 
with  her  husband  upon  terms  of  conjugal  union.  This 
unfortunate  woman  addressed  letters  repeated^  to  the 
king  and  madame  Elizabeth,  but  they  were  intercepted. 
At  the  death  of  Louis  XY.,  she  persisted  in  wuiiBg 
mourning,  he  being  the  head  of  the  family  fitmi  irfiich 
she  vras  descended. 

Upon  the  death  of  her  father,  Stephanie,  then  only  tt- 
^ars  of  age,  was  brought  to  Paris  in  the  cnstody  of 
le  de  POrme.  Having  escaped  one  mommg*  she 
:oach  and  six  with  the  livery  of  Conti,  and 
the  horses,  exclaimed — CeH  mtm  frSre;  je 
^otrzain.    The  carriage  passed  on,  and 


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RCE  CA86ETTB.  21 S 

was  taken  back  to  Franche  Comt^    After  two  fruitless  at- 
tempts to  escape,  she  was  conducted  to  a  convent  at  Gray^ 
and  subjected  to  every  kind  of  vexation.  Having  expressed 
her  determinalitm  to  eat  no  food,  the  superior  of  the  con- 
vent sent  her  to  Paris,  to  the  abbey  of  Saint  Antoine. 
During  her  residence  there  she  addressed  several  letters  to 
her  brother,  the  prince  de  Conti,  who  replied  in  respectful 
terms,  but  refused  to  recognise  her.     Madame  Elizabeth 
was  the  only  x>ne  of  the  family  who  afforded  her  relief;  till 
at  length  the  archbishop  of  Pdris  employed  his  good  offices, 
and  the  Hdtel  Penthi^vre  was  assigned  her  by  Louis  XYI. 
for  a  residence.    The  events  of  the  6th  and  6th  of  October 
compelled  her  to  return  to  the  abbey  of  Saint  Antoine, 
from  whence  she  afterwards  removed  to  the  Val-de-Gr£ce. 
Upon  letters  being  again  addressed  by  her  to  the  king, 
to  MoifsiEUB,  and  the  prince  de  Conti,  a  family  meeting 
was  held  to  examine  her  claims,  which,  after  some  delibe- 
ration, were  admitted.    The  attempted  escape  of  the  king 
and  his  £imily»  on  the  2ist  of  June,  1701,  deprived  her  of 
support,  and  she  found  herself  under  the  necessity  of  going 
to  Louhans  to  obtain  a  dissolution  of  her  marriage.     She 
returned  to  P^ris  on  the  7th  of  August,  1792,  and  obtained 
a  pension  of  12,000  livres,  and  shortly  after  another  of 
25,000  livres ;  but  the  misfortunes  of  Louis  XYI.  and  the 
events  of  the  revolution  compelled  her  to  quit  the  capital. 
She  returned  in  1796,  and  solicited  permission  to  share  the 
imprisonment  of  the  duchess  of  Angoul^me  in  the  Temple, 
but  her  request  was  not  granted.     After  ineffectual  appli- 
cations to  the  minister  of  finance  and  the  minister  of  the 
interior  for  the  payment  of  her  pension,  she  resolved 
to  give  lessons  in  the  mathematics,  geometry  and  other 
sciences,  in  order  to  obtain  a  livelihood.     At  length,  in 
1797,  she  obtained  irom  the  Directory  a  monthly  pension 
of  200  francs.     From  that  period  Stephanie  took  up  her 


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216  STREETS. 

residence  in  the  rue  Casseiie»  and  lived  in  the  stricteil 
privacy. 

Rue  CiLssiNi. — This  name  was  given  to  a  street  near  the 
Observatory  in  memory  of  Jean  Dominique  Caasini,  who 
was  bom  at  P6rinaIdo  in  1626,  and  died  in  ±7±3L  He 
made  several  astronomical  discoveries,  and  continued  the 
meridian  of  the  Observatory  of  Paris,  begun  by  PicanL 
The  son  of  Cassini,  his  grandson,  and  great-grandjon,  the 
count  deXassini,  have  given  celebrity  to  their  name*  by 
the  services  they  have  rendered  to  astronomical  and  geo- 
graphical science. 

Rub  Castbx. — This  street  bears  the  name  of  an  ofiioer 
who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Austerlitz. 

Rub  Castiguorb. — This  beautiful  street,  which  vas 
opened  under  the  reign  of  Napoleon,  upon  the  site  of  the 
convent  des  Feuillans,  derives  its  name  from  the  battle  <tt 
Castiglione,  gained  by  the  French  over  the  Austrians  under 
general  Wurmser,  on  the  5th  of  August,  1796. 

Rue  GAUMAETiif.  —  M.  Lefivre  Caumartin,  who  wm 
privdt  des  tnarcKands  from  1778  to  1784,  being  in  oflioe 
when  this  street  was  opened,  it  assumed  his  name. 

Rub  de  Chaillot.  —  Thb  b  the  principal  street  of 
Chaillot,  a  very  ancient  village,  which  was  anneied  to 
Paris  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XYL,  when  the  barriers  were 
built;  it  had  been  a  (aubourg  of  the  capital,  under  the 
name  of  faubourg  de  la  Canferenee,  from  the  year  i^M- 
Rue  Chantbreine.  — In  1799,  the  name  of  ime  de  If 
Fictoire  was  given  to  this  street  because  Bonaparte  loigoi 
in  it  upon  his  return  from  Egypt. 

Rub  DBS  Chantrbs. — This  name  was  given  to  astieei 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  cathedral  of  Notre  Dame»  becaose 
most  of  the  ehantres  (choristers)  formeriy  resided  in  it. 

Rub  Chapon. — This  street  was  at  a  remote  period  named 
rue  du  Coq.    .  Under  the  reign  of  Philippe-Ie-Bd,  a  »p«- 


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AVE  GHA]tI.OT^  ETC.  217 

gogue  which  slood  in  it  was  called » in  demioD,ilfatMm  de 
la  SoeUU  des  Capons,  from  which  the  present  name  of 
the  street  b  derived. 

Rub  Chablot. — ^This  street  originally  bore  the  name  of 
rue  (Cjiugaumoii,  after  a  province  of  France.  Its  pre- 
sent denomination  is  taken  from  Claude  Chariot,  who»  from 
a  poor  peasant  of  Languedoc,  became  a  rich  financier, 
and  built  several  houses  in  it. 

Rub  Chabti^bb. — At  the  extremity  of  this  street,  near 
the  comer  of  the  rue  Fromentel,  there  was  formerly  a 
Viine-shop,  called  MaUon  d^ Henri  IF.,  bearing  the  sign 
of  U  roi  Henri.  Tradition  relates  that  it  was  occupied  by 
Gabrielle  d'Estries,  who  was  frecpiently  visited  there  by 
Henry  lY.  In  the  front  was  an  inscription  stating  that  it 
was  rebuilt  in  1606,  and  placed  under  the  protection  of 
Louis,  the  dauphin.  There  were  abo  several  inscriptions 
in  Greek  capitals,  and  at  the  first  storey  a  niche,  in  which 
was  a  statue  of  Henry  lY .  in  his  royal  robes.  On  a  marble 
chimney-piece  were  likewise  some  Greek  and  Latin 
inscriptions. 

Rub  db  Chabtbbs  {Saint  Hanari). — ^The  ancient  hos- 
pital des  Quinze-Yingts  stood  upon  the  spot  where,  in 
1780,  this  street  was  opened,  which  took  its  name  from 
the  duke  de  Chartres,  eldest  son  of  the  duke  of  Orleans. 
In  1798  it  was  called  rue  de  Make,  in  memory  of  the 
capture  of  Malta  by  the  French  on  the  12th  of  June, 
1798,  at  the  time  of  their  expedition  to  Egypt.  The 
former  name  was  restored  in  1814. 

Rub  db  Chabtbbs  {du  Haute). — This  street  was  so  named 
because  it  extends  along  the  park  of  Mouceaux,  which 
before  the  revolution  belonged  to  the  duke  of  Orleans.  In 
1707  it  was  called  rue  de  Mantoue,  in  memory  of  the 
capture  of  Mantua  by  the  French.  In  1814  the  original 
name  was  restored. 


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218  STEUT8* 

Rob  m  la  GiAOseii  ^'Ajirni.— It  was  in  ihU  slreei  tlwl 
Mirabeaa  died  on  the  2d  of  April,  1791,  at  the  age  of 
forty-two  years.  The  theatres  of  the  capiul  were  imme- 
diately closed,  the  pabUc  bodies  put  on  mourning,  mi 
the  name  of  the  street  was  changed  to  rue  de  Mirateam^ 
In  1798  it  was  named  rut  da  Mont  Btane,  in  honour  of 
the  department  of  that  name,  annexed  to  France  hy  a 
decree  of  November  27,  1792. 

In  1786,  a  splendid  hotel  in  this  street,  which  belonged 
to  one  of  the  most  celebrated  opera-dancers,  was  calM 
Temple  de  TerpBickare*  This  distinguished  woman  wm 
visited  by  the  first  society  in  Paris;  she  had  a  theatre  at 
her  town-house  and  country-seat,  and  frequently  the  best 
French  and  Italian  performers  abandoned  the  public  la 
join  the  brilliant  parties  of  mademoiselle 

At  the  opening  of  her  theatre  m  the  rue  Mont  Bhoc, 
the  principal  actors  of  the  capital  assisted,  and  more  tkn 
five  hundred  spectators  were  present,  notwithstanding  the 
opposition  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  king's  chamber  and  the 
remonstrances  of  the  archbishop  of  Paris. 

In  1786  this  hotel  was  disposed  of  by  a  lottery,  con- 
sisting of  two  thousand  five  hundred  tickets  at  five  loob 
dV  each,  forming  a  total  of  300,000  livres. 

A  dispute  arose  in  1779  between  the  performn^  at  the 
Operas-House  and  the  managers,  upon  vrfiich  the  ibrver 

prqiosed  to  resign.    Mademoiselle said  to  thos: 

Paint  de  dimmume  ernnbmiee;  elUe  ami  perdu  U  fe^ 
lenient* 

RvB  DU  Cbbmiii  Vbit.  —  In  the  middle  of  the  sevsB- 
teenth  century  the  site  of  this  street  was  an  open  rsid 
which  traversed  a  marsh  covered  with  grass.  From  beaoo 
comes  the  name  Chemin  Veri  (green  road). 

Rub  pu  CataCHB-MiDi.— -The  name  of  this  street  is  de- 

♦  For  Mimbeaui  funeral,  see  Vol.  L,  p.  127. 


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RCB  CHBTtRTy  £TC.  219 

rired  from  a  sign  called  CAerehe-Midi^  wUch  represented 
a  AA  with  persons  seekoig  for  noon  d.  quaiorzc  hewra. 
This  sign  appeared  so  striking,  that  it  was  engraved,  and 
gave  rise  to  the  sayings:  //  ehtrehe  nUdi  i  quai&rxe 
hewrei;^  ee$t  un  ekereheur  cfe  midi  h  qtaUarze  heures. 
Jaillot  is  of  opinion  that  the  idea  eame  from  Italy,  where 
the  hours  are  reckoned  by  some  to  twenty-four  in  succession. 
In  the  long  days,  noon  {nUdi )  would  be  at  the  fifteenth 
hour,  but  never  at  the  fourteenth.  To  seek  midi,  there* 
fore,  A  quatorzc  hmreSf  is  to  look  for  that  which  can 
never  be  found. 

Rub  du  CHBVALiBa  dv  Gust. — (5tfa-VoL  Ih  p.  Hi). 

Rub  Chbvbbt. — ^This  street  is  so  called'  in  memory  of 
the  brave  Chevert,  vrho  was  bom  at  Verdun^ur-Meuse  in 
1695,  and  died  at  Paris  in  1760. 

Rub  CmLDBBBBT.  —  This  street,  which,  was  opened  in 
1715,  near  the  church  of  Saint*-Germain-des-Pr6s,  took 
the  name  of  Childebert  L ,  king  of  Paris,  Orleans,  and 
Bourgogne,  who  founded  that  church,  and  dying  in  668 
was  buried  in  it.* 

Rob  Chilpbbic. — The  site  of  this  street  once  fonbed 
part  of  the  clobter  of  the  church  of  Saint-Germain-rAux- 
errois,  the  foundation  of  which  is  attributed  to  Chllperic  I. » 
kiAg  of  Soissons,  who  died  in  684.  f 

Rub  Choisbul.— This  street  bears  the  name  of  Choiseul- 
Stainville,  who  was  minister  of  war  and  minister  for  fo* 
reign  affairs.  He  was  bom  in  1719,  and  died  at  Paris 
in  1786. 

Rub  Chbistinb. — This  name  is  derived  from  Christine, 
second  daughter  of  Henrf  lY;  and  Marie  deMddicis. 

Rue   du    CiHBTikRB-SA|iiT-Ain>Bi-DBa-ABCs. — In  this 
street   formerly  stood  the   Coll^  da  Boisst,  founded, 
in  1854,  by  Godefroi    de  Boissi   and  £tienne  Yid^  de 
*  See  Vol.  I.,  p.  209.  f  See  Vd.  I.,  p.  87. 


\ 


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220  snuTS. 

Boissi,  hb  nephew,  canon  of  Laon»  bdh  bom  of  po« 
parents  in  the  diocese  of  Chartres.  It  was  required  by  tk 
deeds  of  the  foundation  that  the  principal,  chaplain,  ai 
twelve  scholars,  of  which  the  college  consisted^  sbooMk 
of  the  family  of  Boissi,  and  in  the  event  of  its  beconi^ 
extinct,  of  poor  persons  of  Boissi-le-Sec,  or  the  adjacot 
villages. 

Rub  Glotildb.— This  street  is  so  named  in  mesKvy  sf 
Clotilde,  queen  of  Clovis  I.,  king  et  Fram^e,  who  Sei 
in  6h6,  and  was  buried  near  her  consort  in  the  aaooit 
church  of  Sainte  Genevifcve.* 

Rub  Clovis. — Thb  street,  which  is  contiguoos  to  die 
preceding,  bears  the  name  of  Clovis  L,  who  died  attbe 
Hfttel  de  Thermos,  in  611,  and  was  bnried  m  the  cborck 
of  Sainte  Genevieve. 

Rub  Colbbet. — In  the  me  Yivienne,  opposke  to  cAtf 
street,  stands  the  H6tel  Colbert  in  which,  by  order  of  the 
celebrated  minister  firom  whom  it  derived  its  naine,  the 
royal  library  was  deposited.  Colbert  was  bom  at  Bbeins 
in  1610,  and  died  at  Paris  in  1683. 

Rub  du  CoLisis.— :The  Coli$ie  was  a  public  gtfte  in 
the  reign  of  Loub  XV.,  which  proved  a  rainoos  ipcoi- 
ktion.f 

Rub  DBS  CoLONiiBS. — In  this  street,  which  is  near  ik 
passage  Feydeau,  columns  extend  on  each  side  from  co0 
extremity  to  the  other. 

Rue  Comtbssb  d'Abtou. — This  street  is  so  called,  be- 
cause Robert  II.,  count  d'Artois,  nephew  of  Saint  Looi** 
had  an  hotel  near  it. 

Rub  CoKDi. — The  name  of  Ccnd6  was  given  to  tU» 
street  in  1612,  because  Henry  de  Bourbon,  prince  ^e 
CondA,  bought  a  superb  and  spacious  mansion  in  it*   1** 

*  Se«  Royal  Abbey  qfSainto  Gencpih^j  Vol.  I.,  p.  198. 
t  Soc  Vol.  n.,  p.  525. 


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&UE  hV  CONTRAT-SOCIAL^  ETC  221 

1792,  it  was  called  rtK  de  Vl&galiU^  but  the  former  name 
was  restored  in  1805. 

Rob  du  Contrat-Social. — This  street  was  opened  in 
1786,  and  took  the  name  of  rue  de  Calanne,  becaose 
M.  de  Calonne  was  then  minister  of  the  finances.  In 
1790,  ii  was  called  me  la^jreUe,  after  general  Lafayette, 
at  that  time  very  popular.  It  1702,  it  was  denoivnated 
rue  du  Canir(U-Soeial,  from  the  title  of  one  of  the  pro- 
ductions of  Jean -Jacques  Rousseau,  who  long  resided  in 
the  vicinity. 

Rub  GoQ-U&BOif . — The  hoUsi  in  this  street  known  by  the 
name  of  ParlemeM  d^AngUterre^Yi^A  occupied,  in  1788, 
by  Elizabeth  Chudleigh,  duchess  of  Kingston,  bom  in 
1720,  of  an  ancient  family  in  Devonshire.  Her  father,  a 
colonel  in  the  English  army,  died  whilst  she  was  very 
young,  leaving  her  with  her  mother,  whose  only  support 
was  a  slender  pension  allowed  her  by  the  government. 
Afrs*  Chudleigh  loved  the  gay  frorld,  and  continued  to 
firequent  the  society  of  the  persons  of  distinction  to 
whom  she  had  been  introduce  by  her  husband.  Her 
daughter  was  admired  for  her  beauty,  wit  and  accom- 
plished manners,  and  through  the  good  offices  of  Mr. 
Pulteney,  afterwards  earl  of  Bath,  became  a  lady  of  honour 
to  the  princess  of  Wales. 

The  personal  charms  of  Miss  Chudleigh,  added  to  her 
exalted  situation,  attracted  many  admirers.  The  dul^e  of 
Hamilton  obtained  the  preference,  and  it  was  fixed  that, 
upon  the  return  of  his  grace  from  a  journey  he  was  about 
to  make,  the  marriage  should  be  celebrated.  Among  the 
aspirants  to  the  hand  of  miss  Chudleigh  was  captain  Her- 
vey,  son  of  the  earl  of  Bristol,  whose  pretensions  were 
seconded  by  Mrs.  Hanmer,  aunt  of  miss  Chudleigh.  Mrs. 
Hanmer  intercepted  the  letters  addressed  to  her  niece  by 
the  duke  of  Hamilton,  and  succeeded  in  obtaining  the 


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222  STISBTS. 

celebration  id  ber  marriage  with  captain  Betwej.  On  the 
day  after  the  nuptials^  miss  Chudleigh  (Mrs.  Hoirey)  can- 
ceired  an  aversion  for  bw  husband,  and  resohred  nercr  to 
tee  him  again.  They  were  separated,  and  she  nflerwwdi 
became  the  modier  of  an  infant  which  died« 

The  duke  of  Hamihon  upon  returning  to  Bn^aad,  mA 
leamiif  in  part  the  artifice  of  Mrs.  Hanmer»  oCered  bii 
hand  to  mia  Chudleigh,  of  whose  marrkge  he  was  ^noiaat, 
and  was  thrown  into  the  utmost  despair  by  her  unaoooonl- 
able  refusal,  which  equally  astonished  the  publio  sni  en- 
raged BIrs.  Chndkagh,  who  was  a  stranger  to  the  seciet  en- 
gagements of  her  dau^ter.  To  escape  the  reproaches  wUcb 
met  her  firom  erery  quarter,  she  embarked  for  the  coali- 
nent  with  an  English  major,  who  became  her  trmwdEag 
companion  in  a  manner  ^rfiich  displays  her  eitraordmary 
character.     She  inserted  in  the  joumab  the  Mhwmg 
adTertisement :  "  A  young  lady,  mistress  of  her  person 
and  possessed  of  a  considerable  fortune,  who  belieT^ 
herself  agreeable,  and  flatters  herself  that  she  b  so  b  the 
eyes  of  others,  has  formed  a  resolution  to  pass  some  tine 
abroad,  and  would  be  glad  to  find  a  young  man,  of  a  leipeGlr 
able  fionily  and  agreeable  society,  to  become  her  traveHiDg 
compoiion.  Her  heart  is  disengaged,  and  she  is  desirous  that 
the  individual  who  may  ofier  himself  should  also  be  fiee 
from  engagement,  in  order  that  nothing  may  hinder  a  more 
close  union.     A  reply  through  the  me£nm  of  the  jouraih 
will  be  expected  within  a  fortnight  It  is  presumed  that  Ibe 
affair  will  be  kept  secret  until  all  the  arrangements  srs 
made,  and  a  riolation  of  secrecy  would  not  reniaia  «n- 
punished.*'   The  next  day  the  joumab  contained  the 
following  reply :     ''  A  middle-aged    gentleman,  of  « 
agreeable  appearance  and  good  health,  offers  his  aerrices 
to  the  lady  who  advertised  in  the  journals  yesterday.    Bo 
is  perfectly  independent,  and  has  already  trarelled.    If  the 


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BCE  coihflteoif.  223 

lady  in  qaeslien  Ihinks  that  he  will  accord  with  her  wishes^ 
he  is  ready  to  depart  ^heneyer  she  may  desire.  He  begs 
the  faTour  to  know  her  intentions/' etc.  An  interriew  took 
place,  and  they  set  out  together,  but  separated  at  Beriin. 

FrederidL  the  Great  was  so  captivated  with  miss  Ghud'* 
leigh's  (the  name  by  which  she  continued  to  be  called) 
manners,  that  he  dispensed  with  all  etiquette,  in  conse- 
quence of  her  request  that  **  she  might  study  at  her  ease  * 
prince  who  gave  lessons  to  all  Eur<^,  and  who  nught 
boast  of  haying  an  admirer  in  eyery  indiyidual  of  the  Bri- 
tish nation."  During  her  residence  in  the  Prussian  capital 
she  was  treated  with  the  highest  distinction,  and  after  her 
departure  was  honoured  with  the  monarch's  corre^n- 
dence.  From  Berlin  she  went  to  Dresden,  where  she 
obtained  the  friendship  of  the  electress,  who  loaded  her 
with  presents. 

Upon  returning  to  England  she  resumed  her  attendance 
upon  the  princess  of  Wales,  who  was  delighted  with  the 
picturesque  and  glowing  description  of  her  journey;  but 
although  she  continued  the  attraction  of  the  court,  her  mar- 
riage with  captain  Heryey  was  to  her  a  source  of  perpetual 
torment.  To  destroy  the  traces  of  it,  she  went  with  a  party 
to  Lainston,  where  the  marriage  was  celebrated,  and 
haying  asked  for  the  yestry-book,  tore  out  the  register 
of  the  marriage,  whilst  the  clergyman  was  in  con^ 
yersation  with  the  rest  of  the  party.  A  short  time 
after,  captain  Heryey  becoming  earl  of  Bristol  by  the 
death  of  his  father,  and  a  rumour  preyailing  that  he 
was  in  a  declining  state  of  health,  miss  Chudleigh  (now 
countess  of  Bristol),  hoping  to  be  soon  a  wealthy  dowager, 
obtained  the  restoration  of  the  register  in  the  yestry-book 
of  Lainston;  but  to  her  great  disappointment  the  earl 
recoyered  his  health.  The  duke  of  Kingston,  ignorant 
of  her  marriage,  solicited  her  hand.     Every  effort  for  the 


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224  sTUSTs. 

earl  of  Bristol  to  agree  to  a  divorce  was  ttnavailing,  till  at 
length  he  became  enamoured  of  another  lady,  and  a  dirorce 
by  mutual  consent  was  pronounced  at  Doctors'  Commooi. 
Lady  Bristol  having  reached  the  summit  of  her  wishes. 
was  publicly  married  on  the  8th  of  March,  1709,  to  EvcIti 
Pierrepont,  duke  of  Kingston,  with  whom  she  lived  in  on- 
happiness  till  his  death,  in  1773.  The  duke  bcsqueathed  to 
her  his  entire  property,  upon  condition  that  she  should  never 
marry  again.    The  duchess,  once  more  free'from  restraint* 
indulged  in  a  course  of  prodigality  and  dissipation,  that 
exposed  her  to  public  censure,  in  consecpience  of  whicb 
she  resolved  to  go  to  luly.     A  magnificent  yacht  was 
built  and  ornamented  at  an  immense  eiq>ense,  to  coBvey 
her  to  Rome,  where  she  was  received  by  the  pope  ud 
his  cardinals  with  great  pomp,  and  treated  as  a  princeis. 
During  her  residence  at  Rome,  she  was  upoo  the  poUdof 
bestowing  her  hand  and  fortune  upon  an  tdvcntorer, 
named  Warta«  who  represented  himself  to  be  the  priiioe 
of  Albania ;  but  previous  to  the  celebration  of  the  nup- 
tials, he  was  apprehended  as  a  swindler,  and  comnutted 
suicide  in  prison. 

Soon  after  this  narrow  escape,  the  duchess  learned  thit 
the  heirs  of  the  duke  of  Kingston  sought  to  establish  against 
her  the  charge  of  bigamy,  in  order  to  quash  the  marriap 
and  will  of  his  late  grace,  her  husband.  In  great  alamiilie 
repaired  to  her  banker^  who  having  been  gained  over  kjthe 
other  party,  concealed  himself,  to  avoid  givmg  her  the  vtm 
requisite  for  a  journey  to  London.  Without  hesit«tioB  sbe 
placed  herself  at  his  door,  and  with  a  pistol  in  ber  band 
compelled  him  to  comply  with  her  demand;  after  which  she 
departed  for  England.  Upon  her  arrival,  she  found  tbat 
her  former  marriage  had  been  declared  valid,  iqMNi  the 
ground  of  incompetency  in  the  court  which  had  pronounced 
it  null  and  void.    Public  opinion  was  also  against  her; 


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RUE  coQ^fltnoN.  225 

and  it  wa»  not  without  deep  chagrin  that  she  learned  the 
popularity  of  a  piece,  by  Foote,  performed  at  the  Hay- 
market  theatre,  entitled  A  Trip  to  Calais,  in  which  she 
was  represented  under  the  character  of  lady  Kitty  Cfo^ 
eodile.  She  succeeded,  however,  in  obtaining  its  prohibi- 
tion. 

Upon  the  validity  of  her  marriage  with  the  earl  of 
Bristol  beiiig  admitted,  a  trial  for  bigamy  was  the  necessary 
consequence.  Westminster  Hall  was  fitted  up  with  all  the 
pomp  usual  upon  the  impeachment  of  a  peer  or  peeress» 
and  the  trial  was  attended  by  most  of  the  members  of  the 
royal  family,  the  foreign  ambassadors,  members  of  par- 
liament, and  other  distinguished  personages.  The 
duchess,  dressed  in  deep  mourning,  took  her  seat  in  the 
Hall,  and  was  attended  by  two  femmes  dc  ehambre,  a  phy- 
sician, an  apothecary,  her  secretary  and  six  liounsellors. 
Her  dignified  and  unmoved  countenance  interested  the 
hearts  of  all  in  her  favour,  and  she  addressed  the  court 
with  inimitable  enei^,  but  was  declared  guilty  by  a 
majoritjp  of  two  hundred  peers.  The  I^al  punishment 
upon  conviction  of  bigamy  is  branding  on  the  right  hand; 
but  the  advocates  of  the  duchess  pleaded  the  privilege  of 
tho.peerage,  and  she  escaped  with  a  reprimand  from  the 
lord  high  steward.  A  remarkable  circumstance  in  this 
aflair  was,  that  although  the  marriage  was  declared  null 
and  void,  the  will  of  the  duke  of  Kingston  was  decided  to 
le  valid,  4ind  thus  she  lost  her  title  but  retained  her 
property. 

Opon  this  issue  of  the  aflfair,  the  adversaries  of  the 
dachess  of  Kingston,  now  again  become  lady  Bristol,^ 
took  measures  to  prevent  her  quitting  the  kingdom ;  but 
whikt  the  writ  ne  exeatyegno  was  preparing,  she  embarked 

*  She  still,  however,  continued  to  be  caUed  docliess  of  Kingston. 

VOL.  III.  P 


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226  STR£BTd. 

for  Calaw  and  proceeded  to  Rome.  After  remaining  ] 
time  in  that  capital,  she  reiunied  to  Calais  and 
a  spacious  mansion,  which  she  furnished  in  a 
style.  The  monotonous  life  she  passed  at  Calais  king 
ill  in  accord  with  her  volatile  and  turbulent  diapaiitiaa, 
she  had  a  magnificent  yacht  constructed  for  a  rojwffi  lo 
St.  Peiersburgh,  where  she  was  reeei?ed  with  the  Ug^ 
distinction  by  the  Bmpress  Catherine,  to  whom  she  ftt^ 
senled  th*  valuable  collection  of  pictures  formed  hy  tks 
Kingston  family.  She  afterwards  went  lo  Poland,  whmn 
the  prince  de  Radiiwil  gave  sumptuous  entertainments  in 
honour  of  her  visit,  and  particularly  a  bear-hunt  by  taffck* 
light.  Upon  returning  to  France  she  purchased  the  bean- 
tiful  chateau  de  Sainte  Assise,  two  leagues  Irooi  Foa- 
tainebleau,  and  the  mansion  in  the  me  Cog-fldron.  ai 
Paris,  where  she  died  <mihe  28ih  of  Ai«nsl,  1788.  mt  the 
age  of  68  years. 

Her  wiU,  made  by  two  attorneys  who  came  lirom  Bng* 
land  on  purpose,  partook  of  the  eccentricity  of  her  cbarao- 
ter.  In  the  event  of  her  dying  at  St.  Pelenbai^  ake 
wished  to  be  interred  there,  adding  that  *'  she  was  < 
of  her  body  being  deposited  where  her  heart  had 
been  fixed.*'  She  bequeathed  a  set  of  )ewek  to  Ike 4 
of  Russia,  a  large  diamond  to  the  pope,  and  a  costly  peari 
necklace  and  ear*rings  to  the  countess  of  Salisbnry.heeanse 
the  latter  bad  bdkmged  to  a  lady  who  bore  that  title  in  Ike 
reign  of  Henry  lY.  Her  property  m  France  ^ 
at  200,000/.  sterling,  besides  which  she 
possessions  in  England  and  Russia.  In  tke  latter  < 
she  had  purchased  estates,  in  expectation  of 
portrait  of  the  empress,  which  some  of  the  hdias  mt  ikt 
imperial  court  wore  suspended  by  a  ribbon;  but  tbia  nas 
an  honour  from  which  foreigners  were  etcluded. 

RvB  CoQVERABD.  — lu  this  Street  is  a  celebrated  jcwa* 


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HUB  OB  LA  CORDOHIIEAIE,  BTC  237 

u  guette,  caUed  U  Grand  SaUm,  containing  a  room  in  which 
it  eight  hundred  persons  can  be  comfortably  seated.  It  is  a 
}i  pJace  of  great  resort  for  the  lower  orders  during  the  festi- 
[i  fities  of  the  Camiyal/and,  previous  to  the  revolution, 
.^  used  at  that  season  to  be  frequejQted  by  the  nobility  and 
.  princes,  who,  being  masked,  could  witness  incognito  this 
:  disgusting  satumalium. 

J.  The  cul-de-sac^  Coquenard  was  calfed  BrtUus  in  1795, 
,  when  that  name  was  held  in  vqperation. 

Rue  db  la  Cordoiiiibeie.  — 7^  street  derived  its  name 
from  the  number  of  corf^pnniers  (cordwainers)  and  leather- 
sellers  who  lived  in  it.   Cordwainers  were  originally  called 
eordouaamiers,  because  the  first  leather  used  in  France 
/or  shoes  was  imported  from  Cordoue  (Cordova),  and  was 
therefore  named  Coni^ttim. 
f     RvB  CoBjiBiixE. — This  street,  which  serves  as  an  avenue 
to  the  Th^tre  de  TOd^on,  was  opened  in  1782,  and  bears 
:  the  name  of  Pierre  Gometlle,  the  fiither  of  French  tra- 
i  gedy,  who  was  bom  at  Rouen  in  1606,  and  died  in  1684» 
Rub  db  Cotte. — This  street  was  <^pened  in  1770,  and 
took  its  name  from  the  famUy  of  Cotte.     Jules  Fran^ob 
de  Cotte  was  president  of  the  grand  council  in  the  reign  of 
Louis  XVL 

Rub  CniBiLLOif.  — The  name  of  Prosper  Jolyot  de  Cr6- 
Ulon,  a  celdbrated  tragic  writer,  who  was  bom  at  Dijon 
in  1674,  and  died  in  1762,  was  given  to  this  street  in  1782, 
iriien  it  was  opened  :  it  forms  one  of  the  avenues  to  the 
llitttre  de  rOd^cm. 

Rue  Cboh  du  Roulb. — This  street  was  opened  about 
die  year  1700.  It  afterwards  took  the  name  of  rue  de 
Milan,  in  nemory  of  the  capture  of  Milan  by  the  French 
oa  the  i4ili  of  May,  1706.  The  former  name  has  been 
restored. 

*  A  street  that  if  no  ihoroughfare. 


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228  STBEETS. 

Rue  NEUTB-SAiiiTB-CBonL — M.  de  Sainie-Croix, 
possessed  considerable  property  in  the  ChaussAe  d* 
porchasedy  in  1779,  the  Marais  du  Coq,  an 
tract  of  land  in  that  neighbourhood.  In  the  contmct  it 
was  agreed  that  a  portion  should  be  ceded  to  the  kii^ 
for  the  opening  of  two  new  streets,  and  the  couUimLimm 
of  buildings  for  a  convent  of  Capucins.  By  Irttni  yyt 
of  June  9,  1780,  the  names  given  lo  these  ttreeU  wvn 
rue  Neuve-Sainte- Croix  and  me  Neuye-des-Capodiis. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XI?.,  wbea 
that  monarch,  no  longer  able  tg  enjoy  the  qilqiJoBr 
of  a  court,  became  a  devotee,  father  Ange,  general  ot  the 
Capucins,  afforded  a  spectacle  of  a  new  kind  to  the  attaft- 
dants  of  the  king.     Being  sent  for  by  his  sovere^n,  he 
made  a  solemn  entry  into  Fontainebleau,  and  was  reccifrd 
with  the  same  honours  as  were  rendered  to  ambassadors. 
Clad  in  the  habit  of  his  order,  and  sunounded  by  moAks, 
his  appearance  presented  a  striking  contrast  to  the  splen- 
dour of  the  palace  and  the  etiquette  of  the  coorC.     The 
young  courtiers  laughed;  ''  but,"  says  Saint  Foix,  **  hy- 
pocrisy was  in  fashion,  and  no  one  dared  openly  to  nfi- 
cule  this  comedy.*'  The  general  of  the  Minimen  snrceaded 
that  of  the  Capucins,  and  was  treated  with  the  same  dis- 
tinction.   The  latter  pertinaciously  refused  to  eat  any  bci 
that  was  not  dressed  with  oil,  because  their  order  oripnalcd 
in  Calabria,  where  oil  is  abnndant  and  cheap. 

Rub  Sainte-Cboix-de-la-Bbbtonrbbib. — Thb  street  is  so    j 
called  because  it  was  opened  upon  a  field  named  rfcamp 
aux  Bret&ns,  in  the  vicinity  of  a  monastic  church  def- 
eated to  the  Holy  Cross.      In  the  reign  of  Saial  Loab 
there  were  in  this  neighbourhood  only  a  IHr  scattered 
houses,  one  of  which  was  occupied  by  Renaod  de  Breha. 
who,  in  1225,  married  the  daughter  of  Llewellyn, 
of  Wales,  and  came  to  Paris  upon  some  aecrel 


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HTO  GRTO80L,  STC  229 

lioii  against  England.  On  Easter  eje,  in  the  year  1228» 
£Te  Englishm^i  entered  bis  orchard^  and  attacked  him. 
He  had  with  him  a  chaplain  and  a  servant^  who  fought 
with  such  courage  that  three  of  the  Englishmen  were 
killed^  and  the  two  others  fled.  The  chaplain  died  the 
next  day  of  his  wounds.  De  Brehan,  before  he  left 
Paris,  purdiased  the  house  and  orchard,  which  he  gtre 
to  his  faithful  domestic.  The  orchard  then  took  the  name 
of  Champ  aux  Bretons. 

Rub  Gbussol. — ^This  street  bears  the  name  of  M.  Crus- 
sol,  who  was  grand  bailU  of  the.  Temple  in  1788,  when 
it  was  opened. 

Rub  Gultubb-Sainte-Gathbbine.-— This  street  derives 
its  name  from  a  cultura  (cultiyated  field)  and  the  convent 
of  Sainte  Catherine,  which  was  near  it.  It  was  in  this 
street  that  the  connitabU  de  Glisson  was  assassinated  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  YI. 

The  duke  of  Orleans,  brother  to  the  king,  being  ena- 
moured of  a  Jewess,  and  suspecting  that  Pierre  de  Craon, 
his  chamberlain,  had  communicated  his  passion  to  the 
duchess,  dismissed  him  from  his  household.  Craon  imputed 
his  disgrace  to  the  Mm7i^£a6^deClisiion»  and  to  be  revenged, 
laid  wait  for  him,  with  twenty  ruffians,  at  the  comer  of  the 
rue  Culture -Sainte -Catherine,  on  the  night  of  June  13, 
1801.    Upon  the  approach  of  Clisson,  Craon  and  his  band 
attacked  him.     The  former  defended  himself  with  intre- 
pidity, but  at  length  received  three  wounds,   when  he 
fell  from  his  horse.    As  soon  as  intelligence  of  this  occur- 
rence reached  the  king%  who  was  retiring  to  rest,   he 
hastened  to  the  spot,  and  found  Clisson  covered  with  blood 
in  a'l>aker's  shop.     Upon  examination  his  wounds  were  not 
found  to  be  dangerous. 

Pierre  de  Craon  was  descended  from  Renaud,  count  of 
Nevers,  and  Adelle  de  France,  daughter  of  king  Robert. 


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230  5tMIT8. 

His  property  was  confiscated  and  his  hoose  < 
the  site  of  the  latter  was  at  first  annexed  to  the  i 
ot  the  church  of  Saint  Jean-en-Gr^Te»  bnl  is  now  a 
keiflace.*    Craon  obtained  his  pardon  in  iSM,  at  tke 
solicitation  of  the  king  of  England,  and  retomed  loeoart. 
Recollecting  that,  during  his  flight  after  the  at 
assassinate  Clisson,  he  had  dreaded  being  pot  te 
without  having  made  confession*  he  prevailed  on  the  him^ 
to  repeal  the  law  which  denied  a  confessor  to  oMinak 
sentenced  to  capital  pumshment. 

At  this  period  the  execntion  of  criBaiaals  was  laib  m 
kind  of  show,  and  frequently  took  place  on  kolidayt.  It 
several  spots  they  paused,  and  particiilariy  bdbte  the 
church  of  the  FiUes  Dieu,  in  the  rue  Saint  Denis,  where 
they  received  the  dernier  mareeau  dm  pmtiemi.f  U  Ihey 
ate  with  appetite,  it  was  considered  a  fiivoordbJe  oomii. 

The  duke  de  Nemours,  who  was  executed  in  1477,  wns 
conducted  from  the  Bastile  to  the  Halles  upon  a  horae  with 
trappings  of  black  cloth.  The  fish-market,  where  he ' 
to  pause,  was  hung  with  green  serge,  and  the 
sprinkled  with  vinegar  and  the  ashes  of  bunit  fumpcr  1 
ries.  Whilst  engaged  in  confession,  his  attendants  ' 
regaled  with  wine,  pears,  and  bread !  He  was  then  < 
ducted  along  a  gallery  to  the  scaiTold.  The  < 
after  severing  the  head  from  the  body,  {dunged  H  i 
and  then  exhibited  it  to  the  populace.  One  hoadred  and 
fifty  cordeliers,  bearing  lighted  torches  and  a  cofin,  next 
approached;  and  the  body  and  head  being  pfawed  in  the 
cofiin,  were  carried  off  for  interment  by  meaks,  wlm 
chaunted  funeral  anthems,  for  vrfuch  they  receiveJ  eaa*- 
derable  fees. 

RtJE  Damibtte.— This  street,  opened  in  1796,  took  the 

*  Sec  MaiM Saint  Jean,  p.  15.  f  Sec  Vol.  I.,  p.  328- 


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HUB  DU  DAUPHIN  >  BTC.  231 

name  of  Damietta,  a  city  of  Egypt,  which  the  French 
forces  Hiade  themselTes  masters  of  about  that  period. 

Rub  du  Daupbir. — This  street  was  called  rue  Saint 
Vincent  till  1744,  when  it  assumed  its  present  name,  be- 
cause the  dauphin  passed  through  it  to  attend  mass  at  the 
church  of  Saint  Rocb.  In  1792»  it  was  called  rue  de  ta 
Ccn/vtnUan,  because  it  led  to  the  Man^»  where  the  Na- 
tional Conyention  held  their  meetings. 

Rub  Dadphinb. — This  street  was  opened  in  1607,  upon 
the  site  of  the  college  de  Samt  Denis  and  part  of  the  gar^ 
den  of  the  convent  des  Augustins,  and  was  thus  named 
in  honour  of  the  dauphin,  afterwards  Louis  XIII.  Some 
diiBculty  arose  in  treating  with  the  monks  for  die  cession 
of  their  garden.  A  deputation  who  waited  upon  Henry 
rV.  to  inform  him  that  they  were  willing  to  comply  with  his 
terms,  having  aHuded  to  the  sacrifice  they  made  in  giving 
up  their  garden,  the  king  rq^ied — **  f^^nlre-sainl-gWf, 
nu8  P^rc8,  ce  que  vous  re$irerez  de$  maieans,  vimt  bien 
detehoux.^* 

JXvB  DBS  DicHABaBUBS.-^This  street  derived  its  name 
from  the  General  Post-office  being  situated  in  it.  The  first 
regular  conveyance  of  letters  was  established  by  Louis  XL , 
at  the  suggestion  of  the  University;  but  the  system  was 
very  imperfect  till  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. 
,  Rub  du  Demi-Saint. — This  is  a  very  narrow  alley,  which 
derives  its  name  from  the  mutilated  statue  of  a  saint, 
placed  at  the  extremity  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  ani- 
mals. 

Rub  du  fauboubq  Saiht  Dbnis. — In  1799,  this  street 
was  called  rue  Franoiade,  which  name  was  also  given  to 
the  town  of  Saint  Denis. 

Rue  Dbsaiz. — This  street  is  so  called  in  honour  of  ge- 
neral Desaix,  who  was  bom  in  1768,  and  fell  at  the  battle 
of  Marengo,  on  the  14th  of  June,  1800. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


232  8TUITS. 

Rub  Dbscabtbs.  —Till  the  year  181S  the  Msie  of 
street  was  rue  Bordelle,  which  it  exchanged  for  Ibfll  < 
celebrated  philosopher  Ben6  Descartes,  who 
1596,  and  died  in  1660. 

Rub  DBS  Dbux  Angbs.  — Two  statues  of  angeb* 
at  the  extremities  of  this  street,  obtained  for  it  i 
These  angels  were  said  to  represent  the  ladder 
reached  to  heaven,  seen  by  Jacob  in  his  dream, 
seems  to  be  some  ground  for  this  opinion,  as  the 
into  which  it  opens  is  the  rue  Jacob. 

Rub  DBS  Dbux  Pobtbs. — In  this  street,  on  the  17th  ef 
June,  1762,  died  the  celebrated  tragic  poel  CMSm^ 
whose  funeral  senrice  at  the  church  of  Sdnt  Jean  ie 
Latran,  gare  great  ofiSsnce  to  the  archbishop  of  Puis, 
and  led  to  the  punishment  of  the  jcurate.*  The  arck- 
bishop's  anger  was  occasioned  by  the  senrice  being  ode* 
brated  at  the  desire  of  theatrical  performen,  who  aro 
excommunicated  persons.  Instructed  by  expericnoe,  Ike 
members  of  the  Aeadimie  Royale  dc  Musiqtm  having 
determmed  that  a  solemn  senrice  shouM  be  peifoimeJ  Cor^ 
the  celebrated  Rameau,  on  the  6th  of  September,  17M, 
took  care  to  have  the  tickets  printed  in  the  name  of  lus 
widow.  The  actors  of  the  different  theatres  attended  Ike 
solemnity,  and  the  archbishop's  council  had  no  power  lo 
punish. 

In  1808,  a  short  time  after  the  establishment  of  Iks 
Concordat,  mademoiselle  Chameroi  died,  regretted  by  ker 
friends  and  the  public.  A  numerous  train  attended  the 
corpse  to  the  church  of  Saint  Roch,  the  curate  of 
had  receired  timely  notice.  The  porch  and  chnrck 
hh  usual  hung  with  black.  Upon  the  arriral  of  the  i 
the  soxtons  refused  it  admittance.  To  aroid  an  alletcnlion, 
the  friends  of  mademoiselle  Chameroi  proceeded  to  Ike 
•  S«cVol.I.,p.3a5. 


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RUB  DB  LA  DOCTBINB  CHRiHENNB)  BTC.  233 

church  des  Filles  Saint  Thomas,  where  the  serrice  was 
performed.  The  cardinal  du  Belloy,  archbishop  of  Paris, 
eq>ressed  his  approbation  of  the  conduct  of  the  curate  of 
the  latter  church. 

Rub  de  la  Doctbinb  Ghiu&tibnnb. — The  Pritrea  dt  la 
Doctrine  Chr6tienne  had  in  this  street  a  convent,  which 
was  erected  upon  an  arena  or  amphitheatre  formed  by  the 
Romans,  and  impaired  by  king  Childeric,  in  577.  Pepin- 
Je-Bref  took  great  delight  in  witnessing  combats  between 
l>ulls  and  lions,  which  were  also  rery  frequent  under  the 
reigns  of  several  of  his  successors. 

L*Estoile  relates  that,  '*  in  the  year  1583,  Henry  III. 
having  spent  the  Easter  festival  at  the  convent  des  Bons- 
Hommes,  returned  to  the  Louvre,  and  ordered  his  lions, 
hears,  bulls,  and  other  animals  to  be  shot,  in  consequence 
of  his  having  dreamed  that  he  was  torn  to  pieces  by  wild 
beiists.  This  dream,  however,  seemed  rather  to  indicate 
the  savage  beasts  of  the  Ligue,  who  harassed  this  unfor- 
tunate prince  and  his  people." 

Rub  Saint  Domiiiiqub. — In  the  year  1768  there  lived 
in  this  street  a  miser,  whose  only  pleasure  was  to  count 
over  a  sum  of  18,000  livres  in  gold,  which  he  kept  in  an 
iron  chest.  Leaving  l|ome  for  several  days,  an  old  wo- 
man, his  only  servant,  was  left  in  charge  of  the  house; 
During  his  absencesomethievesentered,oneof  whom  wore 
the  costume  of  a  commissary  of  police,  and  the  others  that 
of  his  officers.  After  having  announced  to  the  domestic  the 
death  of  her  master,  they  put  seals  on  every  room,  and 
left  her  in  trust  of  the  effects,  except  the  gold,  which  th^y 
took  away,  giving  her  a  certificate  of  its  removal.  A  few 
days  after  the  misei:  returned,  and  the  old  woman,  mis- 
taking him  for  a  spectre,  fell  into  a  fit.  The  efforts  made 
lo  recover  the  property  were  unavailing,  and  the  thieves 
escaped  with  impunity. 


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234  8TU1T8. 

The  Hdtol  Monaoo^  in  which  nirthal  DcToiial»  prince 
d'Eckmuhl,  receoUy  died,  was  iMrmerly  devoted  lo  the  re- 
ception of  Orieatal  ambeMadors.  Towards  the  eod  of  tiM 
year  1714,  a  certain  Mebemet  Rixabecq,  who  called  him- 
self ambassador  of  the  king  of  Persh  and  the  bearer  of 
his  commands,  disembarked  at  Marseilles.  He  was  re- 
eeived  at  two  leagues  from  Paris  by  t^  baron  de  Breleefl, 
Qsher  of  ambassadors,  and  the  marshal  de  Matignon.  On 
the  24th  of  January,  1716,  he  made  his  solemn  entry  iote 
the  capital  with  extraordinary  pomp  :  he  declined  the 
royal  carriages  generally  used  on  such  occasions,  and  en- 
tered on  horseback,  preceded  by  the  finest  horses  of  the 
king's  stables  superikly  caparisoned,  and  accompanied  by 
trumpets  and  bands  of  music*  The  ambassador,  richly 
arrayed  in  the  Persian  costume,  was  attended  by  a  nume- 
rous train  of  domestics,  and  preceded  by  a  heraJd  beariMtg 
the  Persian  standard.  The  presents  which  he  oAered  to 
the  king  were  yery  inconsiderable.  After  passing  a  short 
time  in  France,  durmg  which  he  concluded,  in  the  name 
of  his  pretended  master,  a  treaty  of  alliance  with  Look 
XfV.,  he  sailed  for  Sweden  and  Denmark,  and  was  nerer 
heard  of  after.  Rizabecq,  according  te  the  Memoirs  of 
the  Reign  of  Louis  XIY.,  was  a  Portuguese  jesuil,  who 
had  never  seeK  the  prince  he  represented,  mv  ereo  Tisited 
a  single  province  of  Persia.  The  government  paid  the 
expenses  of  his  sxocUenej^  which  amounted  te  1000  Ihrros 
a  day  I 

There  ate  in  the  rue  Saint  Dominique  a  great  number 
of  magnificent  hotels,  among  others  Uiat  of  the  late  du- 
chess dowager  of  Orleans,  and  one  which  was  ihnnerly 
occupied  by  Madame  Letitia,  mother  of  Bonaparte. 

Rob  Doaix.— a  gilt  {<hri)  bust  of  Loub  XIU.,  placed 
at  the  extremity  of  this  street,  gave  to  it  the  name  of  rm 
du  Hoi  dor6,  which  was  changed,  in  1792,  for  that  of 


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RUB  DBS  DOUZE  PORI^S^  ETC.  235 

RtTB  MS  DouzB  PoBTBS. — Sauval  states  that  this  street 
is  so  called  because  it  contained  twelve  gates.  It  was  also 
named  rti^  Saimt  Nicolas  after  Nicolas  Lejai^  chief  pre^ 
sident  of  the  ParlenwtU,  from  1640  to  1666. 

RvB  DuQiTAT  Tbovik. — TUs  street  wtfs  named  after  the 
celebrated  Dugnay  Trooin,  commander  of  the  naval  fcnrces 
of  France,  who  was  bom  at  Saint  Male  in  1673,  and 
died  at  Paris  in  1786. 

Rub  Duphot. — The  name  of  this  street  is  derived  from 
general  Duphot,  wfao  was  bom  at  Lyons,  and  assassinated 
in  a  popular  tumuli  at  Rome  in  1797. 

Rub  Dvpleix.  —  This  street  is  so  named  to  perpetuate 
the  memory  of  Joseph  Dupleix,  a  celebrated  French  mer- 
chant, and  the  rival  of  La  Bourdonnaye  in  India,  who 
died  about  the  year  1766» 

Rub  db  l'Bghaud^. — In  1806  4his  street  took  the  name 
of  rue  de  Diemstein,  in  memory  of  the  celebrated  victory 
gained  by  the  French  over  the  Russians  at  Diemstein,  on 
the  11th  of  November,  1806.  In  1814  it  resumed  its 
former  name,  which,  according  to  Jaillot,  means  a  mass 
of  buildings  in  the  form  of  a  triangle. 

Rub  db  i/icohE  db  M^dbginb.  — This  street  derives  its 
present  name  frt>m  the  School  of  Medicine,  which  is  si- 
tuated in  it.  It  was  called  rue  des  Cardelier$  from  the 
year  ISOO  till  the  revolution,  when  it  was  successively 
named  rfc«  des  Marseillais,  rue  de  Marat,  and  rue  de 
SaniL  It  was  in  this  street  that  the  execrable  Marat 
lived,  and  here  Re  was  assassinated  on  the  18th  of  July, 
1798,  by  Charielte  Corday,  who  came  from  Caen  to  Paris 
for  that  purpose.  He  was  buried  in  the  garden  of  the 
convent  des  Cordeliers.* 

L'Estoile,  in  hb  memoirs,  relates  that  a  very  handsome 

*  Sec  Yd.  I.,  p.  249. 


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236  8TUET8. 

woman,  who  assumed  the  male  alUre  and  the  name  of  An- 
toine,  lived  as  a  servant  in  the  convent  des  Cordeliers  tat 
ten  or  twelve  years  before  her  sex  was  discovered.  Tho 
suspicions  excited  by  this  circumstance  occasioned  great 
disquietude  to  the  monks,  who  severally  declared  in  pnblic 
that  they  supposed  her  to  be  a  man.  The  female  Antoiae 
was  severely  flogged,  although  she  protested  that  die  ca- 
tered the  monastery  out  of  pure  devotion. 

In  1602  the  presidents,  councillors,  and  r^istnrs  of 
the  Parlement  obtained  permission  to  be  buried  in  the 
habit  of  the  Cordeliers,  because  it  was  believed  that  Saim 
Francis  makes  an  annual  descent  into  purgatory  to  delifv 
the  souls  of  those  who  wear  the  habit  ef  his  orderl  h 
the  following  year,  the  same  privilege  was  granted  to  the 
pr6vdt  des  marekands  and  iehevins* 

It  was  in  a  hall  of  this  convent  that  an  assoeaalioci  ot 
the  printers  of  Paris  celebrated  a  funeral  oeremony  in 
honour  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  on  the  lOlh  of  Angnst* 
1790.  On  a  column  in  the  centre  was  a  bust  of  that  cele- 
brated patriot,  wearing  a  civic  crown.  Beneath  it  were  a 
press  and  other  emblems  of  the  art  of  printing.  Whikl 
one  of  the  association  delivered  the  panegyiic  of  Frank- 
lin, others  were  employed  in  printing  and  distributing  it 
to  the  multitude  present. 

RvB  DBS  £cBivAiKs.  —  In  the  house  which  forms  the 
angle  of  this  street  and  the  me  Marivaux  dwelt  Nicholas 
Flamel,  the  celebrated  alchymist.  Although  born  of  poor 
parents,  and  exercismg  the  profession  of  an  dcrivam,  h 
appears  that  he  possessed  great  riches^  which  he  employed 
in  founding  hospitals,  repairing  churches,  and  relieving 
the  poor.  The  ignorance  of  the  public  relative  to  the 
source  of  his  wealth  led  them  to  believe  that  he  had  dis- 
covered the  philosopher's  stone.  Soon  after  his  death 
some  individuak  obtained  permission  to  search  his  cellar. 


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RUB  SAINT  itOlf  ETC.  237 

where  they  found  urns,  pbiak,  crucibles,  coals,  and  stone 
Tessels  containing  a  calcined  substance  resembling  peas. 

Paul  Lucas,  a  celebrated  traveller,  entertained  doubts 
of  FlameFs  death ,  and  seriously  relates  the  following  story : 
**  When  in  Asia  I  became  acquainted  with  a  deryise 
who  spoke  every  known  language,  and  who  appeaaad  not 
more  than  thirty  years  old,  although  he  had  lived  upwarda 
of  a  century.  This  dervise  informed  me  that  Flamel, 
apprehAsive  that  he  would  be  arrested  if  it  were  known 
that  he  had  the  philosopher's  itone,  found  means  to  escape 
from  France  by  publishing  his  own  death  and  thai  of  his 
wife.  The  latter  feigned  a  long  indisposition;  and,  when' 
supposed  to  be  dead,  was  on  the  borders  of  Switzerland, 
whete  she  awaited  her  husband.  A  Ic^  of  wood  was 
buried  in  her  stead.  Flamel  afterwards  adopted  the  same 
stratagem ;  and,  by  bribing  the  physicians,  a  log  of  wood 
roceived  Christian  burial,  and  had  a  monument  erected 
over  it.  Since  that  time  they  have  spent  a  philosophic 
life  in  different  countries.  I  am  their  intimate  friend,  said 
the  dervise,  and  left  them  in  India  three  years  ago  I " 

Rub  Saint  ^loi.  — The  saint  from  whom  this  street 
takes  its  name,  was  bom  at  Cadillac  in  588,  and  died  in 
659 :  he  was  goldsmith  and  treasurer  to  king  Dagobert  I. 

Rue  d'Enfeb. — Two  opinions  exist  relative  to  the  etymo- 
logy of  the  name  of  this  street.  Aecording  to  some,  the 
rue  Saint  Jacques  was  called  rue  Supirtcure,  and  this,  rue 
Infirieure  {via  infera) ,  from  whettce  rue  fCEnfer.  Others 
assert  that  it  obtained  its  name  from  the  following  circum- 
stance :— Saint  Louis,  upon  hearing  of  the  austerity  and 
taciturnity  of  the. disciples  of  Saint  Bruno  (Carthusians), 
invited  six  of  them  to  France,  to  whom  he  gave  a  house 
with  gardens  and  vineyards,  at  Gentilly.*    These  monks, 

*SceYol.I.,p.24i. 


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238  8TRBBT8. 

beholding  from  their  windows  the  palace  of  Vanyert,  built 
by  king  Robert,  but  abandoned  by  his  8UCcesiors»  gave 
out  that  it  was  haunted.  Dreadful  shrieks  were  heard; 
spectres  were  seen  dragging  heavy  chains,  and  among 
others  a  green  monster,  half  man  and  half  serpent,  with  a 
long  wUte  beard  and  a  huge  club,  ready  to  rush  upon  all 
who  passed  that  way.  When  the  tale  had  obtained  general 
credit,  the  monks  begged  Saint  Louis  to  cede  the  palace 
to  them  for  a  monastery.  Upon  their  taking  painriiiim 
the  ghosts  yanished,  and  the  cikly  trace  left  of  them  was 
the  naiAe  d^Enfer  (of  hell),  giren  to  the  street  '« mfiU- 
moire"  says  Saint  Foix,  **  de  tout  k  tapagt  que  k$ 
diabUs  j  avottnt  fait.'* 

Rub  d'Enohibr.  —  Upon  the  opening  of  this  stretf  in 
1772,  the  name  d^JEnghien  wasgiren  to  it  in  hooomctthe 
unfortunate  son  of  the  prince  de  Condi,  h  i79t  it  was 
called  rue  Mabfy^  in  memory  of  the  ceiebraked  abbot  of 
that  name,  who  was  bom  at  Grenoble  in  1709,  and  died  al 
Paris  in  1786.     In  1616  it  resumed  its  former  i 

Rub  db  l'Bstbapabb. — The  e$trapade  was  an  i 
inyented  dnder  the  reign  of  Francis  I.  to  torture  the  Pkro- 
testants,  wh(Mn  it  raised  and  lowered  into  the  flames,  in 
order  to  prolong  their  sufferings.  One  of  these  infernal 
machines,  situated  at  the  end  of  the  rue  de  I'Estrapade, 
was  used  for  the  punishment  of  soldiers.  Their  hands 
being  tied  behind  them,  they  were  raised  to  a  considerable 
height,  and  then  suddenly  lowered,  but  not  to  the  ground, 
so  that  the  jerk  dislocated  their  arms.  This  horrible  mode 
of  punishment  was  not  alx^shed  in  France  till  the  resgn 
•f  Louis  XV.     It  is  still  practised  at  Rome  I 

Rub  DBS  YiBiLLEs  £tutbs.  —  This  street  derires  ils 
name  from  an  establishment  of  6tuve$  (baths),*  wldck 

*  Tor  Baths y  $ee  p.  iSL 


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RUE  FAYABTj  ETC.  239 

existed  in  it  in  the  sfaLleenth  century.  In  front  of  n  small 
house  was  a  black  marble  tablet*  with  the  foUowing  in- 
scription : — 

Diflo  tient  le  coenr  des  rois  en  ses  mains  de  d^mence ; 
Soit  ChHlien,  soit  Payen,  leor  pouToir  Tient  d'en  haut, 
Et  nul  mortel  ne  pent  (c'est  on  &ire  le  faut), 
Dispenser  leurs  sujets  du  joug  d'ob^issance. 

Tradition  relates  that  this  house  was  erected  by  an  ar- 
chitect of  Henry  IV. 

Rub  FAVAAt.  — This  street  was  opened  in  1784,  upon 
part  of  ike  site  of  the  Hotel  de  Ghoiseul.  Being  situated 
near  the  TlUdtrt  Italicn,*  it  took  the  name  of  Favart, 
author  of  several  excellent  comic  operas,  who  was  born  at 
Paris  in  1710,  and  died  in  1793. 

Rub  db  la  FBiiitE-sANs-TBTB. — ^Tbe  name  of  this  street 
is  deriTed  from  a  sign,  which  represented  a  woman  with- 
out a  head,  holding  a  glass  in  her  hand,  with  this  inscrip- 
tion below — TotU  en  est  ban. 

Rub  db  la  Fbbbohbrib*  —  This  street  derives  its  name 
from  ferrons  (dealers  in  iron),  who,  in  the  reign  of  Saint 
Louis,  occupied  a  range  of  booths  or  shops  along  the  char- 
nier  des  Innocens. 

It  was  in  this  street  that  Henry  lY.  was  assassinated  by 
Francois  Rayaillac,  on  the  14^  of  May,  1610.  About  four 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  king  left  hb  palace  to  visit  his 
minister  Sully,  at  the  Arsenal.  Upon  reaching  the  rue  de 
la  Ferronerie  the  royal  carriage  was  compelled  to  stop,  on 
account  of  the  road  being  obstructed;  the  curtains  of  the 
carriage  were  drawn  back  as  the  weather  was  jGine,  and 
his  majesty  was  desirous  to  see  the  preparations  making 
for  the  entry  of  the  queen.  Whilst  Henry  was  leanmg  to 
speak  to  the  duke  d'l&pernon,  Ravaillac,  who  had  followed 
him  from  the  Louvre,  mounted  upon  one  of  the  hinder 

*  Now  called  TMdtre  Favart,  see  Vol.  II.,  p.  494. 


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240  STREETS. 

wheek,  and  with  a  knife  struck  the  king,  who  exclaimeil 
<'  I  am  stabbed/'  The  assassin  struck  a  second  time;  but 
his  majesty  was  abeady  mortally  wounded,  and  soon  afier 
expired.  In  the  carriage  with  Henry  were  the  duk« 
d'Epemon,  the  marquis  de  Mirebeau,  and  the  marquis  da 
Plessis  Liancourt;  and  at  the  doors  were  the  marshal  de 
Roquelaure,  the  marshal  de  Layardin,  the  duke  de  Mool- 
bazon»  and  the  marquis  de  la  Force.  **  It  b  surprtsing,** 
says  I'Estoile,  **  that  not  one  of  the  lords  in  the  carriage 
saw  the  king  struck,  and  if  the  monster  had  thrown  away 
the  knife,  no  one  would  have  known  who  was  the  assassin.'* 

Nicolas  Pasquier  relates,  that  the  devil  had  appeared  to 
Rayaillac,  and  said  to  him,  **  Go,  strike  boldly;  you  wiH 
find  them  all  blind."    The  assassin  was  about  tbirty^two 
years  of  age;  he  seemed  undaunted  before  the  judges,  re- 
garding himself  as  a  martyr,  and  his  crime  and  punishmeot 
as  the  expiation  of  his  sins.     When  put  to  the  torture,  be 
denied  having  any  accomplices;  and,  when  at  confessioo, 
he  said  to  the  priest :  "  I  aeeuse  myself  of  impatieoce 
under  my  sufferings;  I  pray  God  to  ibrgire  me,  and  to 
pardon  my  persecutors." 

A  few  months  after  the  execution  of  Rayaillac,  the  de- 
moiselle d*^oman,  wife  of  a  gentleman  who  had  been  in 
the  suite  of  Marguerite  de  Valois,  first  consortof  Henry  IV.. 
charged  the  duke  d*fepernon  and  the  marchioness  deVer- 
neuil  with  haying  been  priry  to  die  assilssination  of  the 
king.  "  She  spoke  courageously,"  says  TEstoibf  "  ^ 
was  firm  and  consistent  in  her  accusation :  her  arguments 
were  so  forcible  that  the  judges  were  astonished/*  I^p 
proofs,  however,  were  wanting;  in  consequence  of  whick 
the  charge  could  not  be  substi^ntiated,  and  the  accuser 
was  sentenced  to  perpetual  imprisonment. 

Henry  IV.  seems  to  have  neglected  the  warnings  of  hi* 
friends,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  attempts  made  nfOB 


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RUI  PE  LA  FEUILLADE^  ETC  241 

his  life.  SuUy»  in  his  Memoirs,  says :  **  I  received  intelli- 
gence from  Rome  of  a  conspiracy  formed  against  the  king, 
which  I  was  unwilling  to  eonoeal  from  him,  although  I 
thought  it  contemptible.  His  majesty  replied,  that  unless 
he  was  disposed  to  render  his  life  even  worse  than  death, 
he  mus4  really  take  no  heed  to  such  communications; 
that  astrologers  had  foretold  that  he  would  either  die  by 
a  sword  or  in  a  carriage;  bi4  they  had  forgotten  pobon, 
which  would  be  the  easiest  way  9f  disposing  of  him,  par- 
ticularly as  he  ate  without  exiimination  whatever  was  of- 
fered to  him.  With  regard  to  all  that  codeemed  him,  he 
resigned  himself  entirely  to  the  Sovereign  Matter  of  his 
life." 

This  street  was  considerably  enlarged  in  1871,  when  a 
proprietor  of  one  of  the  houses  placed  in  front  of  it  a  bust 
of  Henry  lY.,  with  this  inscription  :-*- 

Henrici  M agni  recreat  prsnentia  cives, 
Ques  ilU  tttono  foedere  junxit  amor. 

The  bust  and  inscription  may  still  be  seen. 

Rue  db  ia  Fevillads^-^TWs  street,  which  opens  into 
the  Place  des  Yictoires,  is  so  called  id  honour  of  marshal 
Fraii^  d'Aubusson,  doke  de  la  FeuiUade,.  Who  formed 
that  Place  in  1685.* 

Btik  Fsydeau.  —This  street,  origtaally  called  me  des 
Po9i6$  M&fUfnarire,  derives  its  present  name  from  the 
fiunily  of  Feydeau,  wba^  towarda  the  end  of  the  sevens 
teenth  cetttury,  filled  9ome  high  offices  in  the-  magi^ 
Iracy. 

TknM>  M  Fi.Bi7B^--*Dpon  apiece  of  ground  formerly  be- 
longing to  the  garden  of  the  Luxembourg  this  street  was 
opened,  about  the  yeat  1780.  Its  name  is  intended  to 
commemomte  the  celdbraltd  battle  of  Fleurus,  gained  by 
general  ^ourdan,  over  the  Austrians  under  the  command 
•  See  p.  37. 

VOL.  III.  Q 


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242  STtB»8. 

of  Beaulieu  and  Coiboorg,  on  the  26th  of  Jone,  17M.  At 
this  battle  a  balloon,  filled  with  hydrogen  gat»  was  etentad 
by  the  French  to  obtain  a  yiew  of  the  Austrian 
ments,  and  much  of  the  succom  of  the  day  resulted  i 
this  new  method  of  observation. 

Rub  Saint  Floebntin. — This  street  being  opposite  aa 
orangery  formerly  existing  in  the  garden  of  the  Tnilflries, 
was  called  rme  (U  POrangtrie  till  1767,  when  a  magnifi- 
cent hotel  was  built  in  it  by  the  dukede  la  Yrilli2ffe,  known 
by  the  title  of  Count  de  Saint  Florentin,  from  whom  the 
present  name  of  the  street  is  deriyed.  At  the  reroliitioii 
this  hotel  was  converted  into  a  saltpetre  manufactory  for 
the  section  of  the  Tuileries.  It  afterwards  became  tiM 
property  of  the  duke  de  Tlnfantado,  and  has  since  been 
purchased  by  M.  Talleyrand,  prince  de  Benevento.  Dpon 
the  occupation  of  Paris  by  the  allied  troofM  in  1814^  liio 
emperor  of  Russia  made  it  his  residence  tnm  tbo  81st 
of  March  to  the  18th  of  April,  when  he  removed  to  the 
Palais  de  I'^lysie-Bourbon. 

Rub  DBS  Fossis-SAiRT-BsBRARD. — The  name  of  this 
street  is  derived  firom  the  fostdg  (ditches)  opened  dnring 
the  reign  of  King  John»  along  the  walls  erected  by  Philip 
Augustus. 

Rub   DBS  Fossis-  Saiht  -  Gbmair  -  l'Auxbbiois.  —  The 
name  of  this  street  is  derived  from  the  ditches  whkh 
the  Normans  dug  round  the  church  of  Saint-Germain 
TAuxerrois,  when  they  established  their  camp  there  in  the 
year  886. 

The  Hdtel  de  Sourdis  stood  in  this  street,  and  com— ni* 
cated  with  the  cloister  of  the  church.* 

Rub  DBS  Fossis-SAiRT-GBBHAiH-DBS-Pais. — ^This  street 
was  opened  in  1660  upon  the  ditches  extending  slong  the 
walls  built  by  Philip  Augustus.     The  CamMmM  dm  Mm 
*  See  Mmwn  du  Do^m,  Yol.n^tf-  i95. 


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KUB  DE9  FOSSi8-8AINT-CIRHAIN-DES-PE^S.         243 

ha?iDg  established  themselyes  there  in  1688,  it  was  called 
rue  dc  la  CcnUdic  till  they  quitted  it  m  1770.  In  this  street 
is  the  CafS  de  Ph>cope9  formerly  celebrated  as  the  fa- 
Tourite  rgsort  of  Yoltaire»  Piron,  Fontenelle,  Saint  Foix» 
and   other   distinguish^   mdividuak.     The  historian  of 
Saint  Foiz  relates  the  following  singular  adyenture: — 
''  M.  de  Saint  Foix  entered  the  Gaf6  de  Proeopo-  one 
day  about  noon /and  seated  himself  in  a  comer  to  indulge 
in  reflection.    Shortly  after  one  of  the  king's  body  guards 
came  in»  and  called  for  d  cup  o/  coffee  with  milk  and  a  roll, 
adding,  oela  me  iervira  de  diner.   Saint  Foix  exclaimed  in 
a  loud  Toice,  **  une  tasse  de  cafi  au  lait,  et  un  petit  pain, 
cela  fait  un  fichu  diner/'  After  repeating  it  sereral  times; 
he  was  rebuked  by  the  garde  du  corps,  to  whom  he  replied* 
**  as  you  please,  monsieur;  but  you  shall  never  prevent  me 
saying,  that  une  tasse  de  cafi  au  lait,  et  un  petit  pain,  cela 
fait  un  fichu  diner/*    The  garde  du  carps  rose  in  a  rage, 
and  beckoned  to  Saint  Foix,  who  immediately  followed 
him.     They  fought,  and  Saint  Foix  was  wounded  in  the 
arm;  but  he  still  repeated  to  the  spectators — **  Oui  sms^ 
sieurs,  je  soutiens  toujaurs  qu^une  tasse  de  cafi  au  lait, 
et  un  petit  pain,  cela  fait  un  fichu  dtntr/'  Here  the  duel 
terminated,  the  combatants  being  arrested  by  the  guards 
of  the  marshals  of  France.     The  next  day  the  two  cham- 
pions were  conveyed  before  the  duke  de  Noailles,  senior 
marshal  of  France,  surrounded  by  his  ofiicers.     Without 
waiting  to  be  interrogated.  Saint  Foix,  pronounced  his 
defence  in  the  following  terms :  **  Manseigneur,  I  had  no 
intention  to  offend  monsieur  le  garde  du  corps,  whom  I 
believe  to  be  a  brave  and  honourable  man ;  but  your  ex- 
cellency will  never  prevent  me  saying,  that  une  tasse  de 
cafi  au  lait  et  un  petit  pain  ne  soit  un  fichu  diner/* 
Neither  the  marshal  nor  any  of  the  oflicers  could  maintain 
their  gravity,  but  dismissed  Saint  Foix  and  his  antagonist 


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2AA  STREETS. 

vAtfi  a  recommendation  to  settle  the  aiair  amieaUy.    Tk 
adyenture  being  rekted  to  Louis  XV.,  fonifhed 
ment  to  the  court  for  a  considerable  time.. 

RvE  DBS  Fossis-SAnfT-YiCTOB. — This  street- 
merly  so  steep  that  it  was  impasaable  for  carriages^  b 
IO869  the  pr6vdt  de$  liharehands  caused  the  £tdbe«  to  be 
£iled  up,  and  the  declirity  to  be  diminished.  At  the  bat- 
torn  of  seyeral  courts  remains  of  the  dtj  walb  erected  by 
Philip  Augustus  may  still  be  seen. 

At  the  angle  formed  by  this  str^t  and  the  me  dea  Bo«- 
langers  is  a  house  built  after  the  designs  of  Boffraad,  aad 
adorned  with  sculpture  by  Flaman.  It  was  formerly  oook 
pied  by  Le  Brun,  auditor  of  the  public  accoapts,  and  ne- 
phew and  heir  of  the  celebrated  painter  of  that  iMme.  In 
the  tympanum  of  the  pediment  towards  Ibe  court  are  the 
armorial  bearings  which  the  king  antbortsed  Le  Bnui  to 
assume  when  he  ennoblicd  him.  The  pediment  of  the 
front  next  the  garden  is  ornamented  with  a  medaUien  of 
that  great  master,  borne  by  Immortality. 

A  small  house  in  this  street  was  occupied  by  Saint  Foiv» 
the  celebrated  author  of  Essats  $ur  Pari$,  who  spent  the 
last  twenty-five  years  of  his  life  in  it.  His  only  agoie 
mentswere  the  society  ef  a  few  literary  ftsends,  abeao- 
tiftd  garden,  an  ayiary  peopled  with  different  kinda  •( 
birds,  seyen  or  eight  cats  to  which  he  was  stftmgly  at- 
tached, and  some  other  animak.  He  always  slept  upos  a 
sofe,  with  BO  coTering  but  a  dressing-gown  whaAever  wet 
the  season.  He  corrected  his  eariy  works,  enjoyad  the 
present,  and  thought  little  of  the  (bture.  He  was  desi- 
rous of  bebg  a  member  of  the  French  Academy,  b«it  k 
was  customary  to  make  visits,  and  to  this  he  cooM  set 
conform.  He  died  on  the  26th  of  August,  177«,  at  lite  ^e 
of  seventy-three  years,  in  the  arms  of  M.  Verj,  a  paicat  of 
the  Christian  doctrine,  with  whom  he  was  very  inli 


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EUB  DU  FOUARU,  ETC.  245 

Id  170S  this  street  was  called  roe  Louitalot,  after  an 
indiridaal  who  figured  in  the  rerolution. 

RvB  Bv  FovAiBft. — ^Formerly  the  U&iTersity  had  seTeral 
schools  in  this  street,  called  originally  rue  des  Scales, 
which  name  it  afterwards  exchanged  for  that  of  Fouarre 
(an  obsolete  word,  signifying  straw) ,  on  account  of  the 
great  quantity  of  straw  used  by  the  scholars,  who  sat  upon 
the  ground  whikt  the  professors  delivered  their  lectures. 
In  churches  formerly  there  were  no  chairs  or  benches, 
but  the  pavement  was  covered  with  straw,  to  which,  on 
high  festivals,  odoriferous  herbs  were  added. 

The  rue  du  Foparre  is  celebrated  in  the  works  of  Dante» 
Petrarch,  Papire-Masson,  Rabelais,  etc. 

Rub  MS  FaARGs  Bouigbois. — In  1360,  Jean  Roussel  and 
Allx  his  wife  founded  in  thi»  street  (then  called  rue  des 
VieiUes  Poulies )  an  hospital,  containing  twenty-four 
rooms^  fcr  the  reception  of  fetty-eight  poor  bowrgeoU, 
who  paid  thirteen  deniers  entrance-money,  and  one  de- 
nier a  vreek.  Those  who  entered  this  house  being  exempt 
{frane)  from  taxes*  it  took  the  name  ^(  MaUon  de$ 
Francs  BomrgepU^  which  was  afterwards  applied  to  the 
street. 

In  1696,  there  were  in  the  Maison  des  Francs  Bourgeois 
two  beggars,  who  could  imitate  perfectly  the  sound  of  a 
bu^e  and  dte  barking  of  dogs,  so  as  to  give  an  idea  that 
huntsmen  and  hounds  were  at  hand.  Saint  Foix  relates 
the  following  adventure  of  Henry  IV«,  in  which  it  is  siqp- 
posed  that  these  beggars  were  the  performers :  '*  When 
bunting  m  the  forest  of  FentMnebleau,  the  king  heard,  as 
if  at  the  distance  of  half  a  league,  the  barking  of  dogs,  and 
the  cries  and  horns  of  huntsmen;  in  a  moment  the  noise 
seemed  within  twenty  paces  of  him.  He  commanded  the 
coual  4e  Soissons  to  advance  ttd  ascertain  what  it  was. 
The  count  went  forward,  and  bMrd  the  noise,  but  knew 


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246  STRUTS. 

not  &<m  whence  it  proceeded,  till  at  length  a  bbck  hmb 
presented  himsdf  in  a  thicket,  and  after  eifJaiming  wiik 
a  terrible  Toice  **  M'tnUntUa^ouM,**  snddenlj disappeared. 
The  party,  filled  with  dread,  discontinoed  the 
shepherds  of  the  enyirons  sUted  that  it  was  a  ^loit  < 
the  Grand  Hunter.  ** 

Rue  DBS  Frondbvbs.  —  At  the  commencemeal  if  the 
troubles  during  the  minority  of  Louis  XIV.» 
councillor  of  the  Parlement,  said  one  day,  in 
that  the  members  of  the  ParUmemt  were  like  school- 
boys, who  amused  themselres  with  a  frat^Je  (iliag)  is 
the  city  ditches;  they  sqMurated  when  they  saw  the  cM 
lieutenant  approach*  and  collected  together  again  as  toea 
as  he  turned  his  back.     This  comparison  was  ooosidend 
so  applicable  that  it  was  celebrated  in  songs;  and,  on  the 
the  same  eyening,  the  ParUmtnt  party  put  bands  ntem- 
bling  slings  round  their  hats.     After  peace  had  been  con- 
cluded b^ween  the  king  and  the  Patlmmem$,  the  faction 
who  refosed  to  treat  with  the  court  weic  called  finomdmn^ 
from  whom  this  street  afterwards  obtsined  its  name. 

Rub  Gauuiob. — This  st reet  was  opened  mlheWf^nBiag 
of  the  thirteenth  century  upon  the  manor  of  GoriMis* 
corrupted  to  Cotoide.  Anaeau,orAnxeldeGarlaiide,  who 
was  killed  at  the  siege  of  Puiset,  in  Iil8,  was  Mneschal 
and  prime  minister  under  Philip  I.  and  Louis  leGros^ 
£tienne  de  Garlande,  his  brother^  bishop  oi  Beaonis, 
seneschal,  chancellor,  and  prime  minister  of  France  Cor 
nine  years,  died  in  1161.  Anselme  de  Garlande  waspv^ 
v6i  of  Paris  at  the  time  when  houses  were  first  bdh  ie  tUs 
neighbourhood. 

Rub  Saint -GBEMAni- DBS -Pais.  — This  street,  opened 
under  the  consulate  of  Bonaparte,  bore  his  name  ttD  181*, 
when  it  was  called  rue  Saint-Germain-des-P^> 
part  of  that  abbey  formerly  stood  upon  iu  site. 


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BOX  MBUTB-&AINT-GILLES,  ETC.  247 

•  Rub  Neuve-Saint-Gillbs. — The  house  next  the  boule- 
vard at  the  extremity  of  this  street  was  occupied  in  1785 
by  the  celebrated  countess  Lamotte,  who  died  at  Lambeth 
on  the  23d  of  September,  1791/  in  consequence  of  a 
fiill  in  leaping  from  a  window  to  escape  firom  a  sheriff's 
officer.  Saint  Foix  says,  **  three  striking  epochs  may  be 
remarked  in  her  life;  that  of  her  eleyation  at  court,  of  her 
being  branded  on  the  grand  staircase  of  the  Palais  de  Jus- 
tice»  and  her  fall  from  a  second  storey.^ 

Rn  BBS  Gmbluts. — >This  street,  originally  called  ma  cfe 
Bihvre,  took  its  present  name,  in  1636,  from  the  royal 
manufactory  situated  near  it.f 

Rub  Gbange  BATBLikBB.*— A.  grange  (bam)  called  Ba- 
teUires  which  existed  from  the  twelfth  century  in  the  midst 
of  meadows  and  arable  land,  was  situated  near  the  spot 
where  this  street  has  been  formed.. 

Rub  be  Geenelle-Saint-Gebbain. — This  name  b  de- 
riTed  fi^m  a  gatenne  or  garanetla  (warren),  belonging  to 
the  abbey  of  Sainte  Geneyi&ve. 

Rub  db  GBENBLLB-SAiNT-HoiioBi. — This  street  deriyed 
its  name  from  Henry  de  Guernelles  (corrupted  to  GrenelU) , 
who  resided  in  it  in  the  thirteenth  centory. 

•  in  this  street  stands  the  celebrated  HStel  des  Fermes,^ 
which  was  purchased  in  1779  by  the  farmers-general  of 
the  taxet>  for  the  sum  of  1,700,000  litres,  and  ia  now  a 
diligence-office,  etc. 

At  an  hotel  in  thi»  street,  Jeanne  d'Albret,  mother  of 
Henry  IV.,  died  on  the  9th  of  June,  1672,  at  the  age  of 
forty-four  years,  after  an  indisposition  of  only  fiye  days, 
h  was  rumoured  that  she  had  been  poisoned  by  the  smell 
of  a  pair  of  gloTCs,  sold  to  her  by  an  Italian  named  Rend, 

*  Sec  iVbte,  Vol.  n.,  p.  329.  t  See  p.  i\ 

i  See  Vol.  n.  p.  197. 


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248  sTftun. 

perfumer  to  Catherine  de  HMicis.  The  body  of  At  prio- 
cess  was  opened,  but  tbere  was  no  appearance  of  pom. 
She  had  codm  to  Paris  to  be  present  at  the  marriage  sfkr 
son  with  Marguerite  de  Valois. 

The  HAtel  du  Prince  de  Galles,  in  tins  stceel,  was  acei- 
pied  in  1777  by  Mr.  Smith,  a  rich  English  merchant,  niis, 
baring  (ailed  in  his  endeavours  to  be  returned  to  psHb- 
ment,  took  up  his  residence  at  Parts. 

Rue  Grbtit. — This  street  is  so  called  in  bowNr  «f 
Gretry,  a  cdebrated  composer  of  music,  who  was  kia  at 
Liege  in  ilhi,  and  died  on  the  2ftth  of  September,  IMS, 
near  Montmorency,  at  the  Hermitage,  once  ocoiyeil,  for  a 
short  tune,  by  Jean«Jacqaes  Reiissean. 

RvB  GviHiaAon.— The  ancient  HAtd  de  Nade^Hao^ 
upon  the  ^t  where  this  street  was  opened  io  iML  b» 
name  b  deriTcd  firom  Henri  de  Gui/oigmd,  muMdrnj  of 
state,  who  buikan  hotel  in  it. 

Brantdme  mentions  a  queen  tfiat  Kfed  at  themtel  is 
Nesle,  who  when  she  saw  any  persons,  af  anagraeaUa  ap- 
pearance pass,  beckoned  Io  them,  and,  after  the  aoeom- 
plishment  of  her  purpose,  caused  them  t#  be  fat  lalo  a 
sack,  and  thrown  from  a  tower  into  the  Seine*  '^leaaaot 
affirm,"  he  adds,  ''that  tbic  b  troe;  boteferyMsn 
Paris  talks  of  it,  and  it  is  always  mentioned  when  the  I 
is  shown.**  The  poet  YiUen,  in  his  Aik^  m 
composed  in  1461,  says : — 

O&aslkroDe 
Qui  ^omnMida  ^e  Boridsa 
FiU  ')tM  fSkmitfcm  Seine. 

Jean  Buridan  was  celebrated  in  the  CmrersUy  of  P^* 
in  thiB  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century. 

The  H6tel  de  Nesle  was  occupied,  in  1674,  by  HoarktU 
of  Gleres,  whose  loTer,  Cocom^f  was  behea4od,  aad  lbs 
•See  Vol. n., p. 235. 


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RUB  GDUllDB,  XTG.  249 

head  expoied  on  a  gilbet  in  the  Place  de  Grfcve.  In  the 
nighl,  she  repaired  to  the  spot  and  brought  away  the 
head,  which  was  embalmed,  and  kept  in  a  closet  behind 
her  bed. 

In  iSiS,  some  woifanen,  in  digging  the  ground  near 
the  spot  vfhere  the  rue  Guto^ud  was  afterwards  opened^ 
found  eleven  cellars,  and  in  one  of  them  the  body  of  a  man 
in  conqrfete  armour. 

Rub  GvisABDB.-«-In  1793  this  street  was  called  rue 

Rub  b'Hahovbb. — ^This  street  takes  its  name  firom  the 
PavUhn  tHasMWt,  built  by  marshal  Bichelien  with  the 
product  of  the  contributions  which  be  lemd  upon  the 
elecfoiate  of  Hanorer,  during  the  war  of  1766  and  the 
Ibllowiog  year. 

Rob  QB  IIAB1.IT4 — lliis  street  bears  the  name  ot  Achilles 
de  Harlay,  chief  president  of  the  Parlem»n$,  to  whom, 
in  1907,  Henry  lY*  gare  the  western  part  of  the  <Jiii, 
whieb  Iden  formed  two  islands,  upon  condition  that  he 
should  fin  up  th^  arm  of  the  river,  and  erect  houses 
npoa.it. 

RvB  OB  hA,  Habpb. — The  remains  of  the  ancient  Palak 
dcM  Therm€$^  are  situated  in  tUs  street. 

On  the  9th  of  J$j9pteinber,  1605,  a  man  was  riioi  in  this 
atreet  by  a  protestant,  an  archer  ^f  the  guards  of  the  duke 
de  h  Forc^,  for  ^ii^ing  4he  CAomoA  de  Cobs.  On  the 
following  day  a  decree  was  issufd  forbidding  the  song  to 
be  puqg  under  pain  of  death,  on  account  of  the  tumults 
and  murders  that  it  occasionedf  It  ^eems  that  it  was 
directed  against  the  protea^nts,  and  related  to  a  cow 
which  was  said  to  have  entered  one  of  their  churches 
during  the  service.  The  animal,  which  belonged  to  a  very 
poor  man,  was  killed,  and  a  collection  afterwards  made  in 
«SsoV«LIL,p.  127. 


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250  STRUTS. 

Paris  and  other  places  to  repair  the  loss.  Serenl  nohfe- 
men  endeaTouring  by  means  of  this  song  to  ezcile  b^iweea 
the  catholics  and  tho-protestants  disputes  which  thr^iteDeJ 
to  terminate  in  a  civil  war,  the  goTomment  took  the  msit 
decisiTC  measures  for  putting  an  end  to  it.  It  afiemwdi 
became  a  proverb^  and  the  protestants  ivere  desigmted 
F aches  h  Colas. 

Rub  du  Hbldbb. — ^This  name  is  intended  to  perpetsilft 
the  defeat  of  the  English  on  the  20th  of  Aogost,  17M, 
at  the  Holder,  in  HoUand,  where  they  had  laiided  tweatj 
thousand  men,  who  wert  compelled  to  ro-embarL 

Rub  db  l'Hiboudbllb. — On  the  2Sd  of  March,  16M,s 
gentleman  attached  to  Henry  IV.  having  met,  in  the  me 
de  THirondeUe,  the  curate  of  Saint  Andr6  vrith  the  cants 
of  Saint-Germain-rAuxerrois,  who  was  called  tbe  kiB$*s 
curate,  asked  him  whether  he  veas  not  well  pleased  si  h^fiig 
so  good  a  parishioner  as  the  king,*  and  whether  he  wooU 
not  shout  Five  U  roL    The  curate  replied  that  he  ihouM 
consider  of  it,  upon  which  the  gentleman  flew  iB0s  s  fss- 
sion,and  declared  with  an  oath,  that  were  he  not  afraid  of 
offending  the  king,  his  master,  he  would  make  bun  ihoit 
it  *'  most  lustily.''    At  this  time  the  priesU  of  lenral 
parishes  refused  to  hear  confession,  until  they  bad  en- 
quired of  those  who  presented  themselves  whether  tbej 
were  glad  that  the  king  had  entered  P^ris,  and  if  they  fs- 
plied  in  the  affirmative,  they  were  dismissed  abruptly* 

Rub  Saint  HoNoai.— This  street  took  its  name  fioB  « 
church  dedicated  to  Saint  Honor6,  erected  about  tbe  ytm 
120&,  but  long  since  demolished. 

At  the  comer  formed  by  this  street  and  the  Fbee  it 
Palais  Royal,  is  the  Cafi  de  la  Rigsnee,  a  frvorite  n^ 
of  players  at  chess.  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  freqoeoie'*^ 

•  Henry  ly.wita 


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EUX  SAINT  H0N0R]6.  251 

hiouse*  Upon  entering  it,  the  crowd  attracted  by  hU  pre- 
sence was  usually  so  greats  that  it  was  found  necessarjr  to 
place  a  sentinel  at  the  door.  In  177By  when  the  emperor 
Joseph  IL  was  at  Paris,  he  went  incognUo,  as  the  count 
de  Falkenstein,  to  the  Cafi  dc  la  B6gmcc  to  play  at  chess, 
but  found  no  one  there.  Upon  expressing  his  surprise  to 
the  landlady,  she  replied  that  her  caf6  was  deserted  be- 
cause the  emperor  was.  expected  at  the  Palais  Royal. 
"  This,"  added  she,  **  haS  happened  several  times,  and 
done  me  great  injury*  When  he  is  coming  to  the  Palais 
Royal  I  sell  notUng,  for  every  one  runs  to  see  him,  and 
indeed  it  is  natural.'*  Several  persons  came  in,  but  refused 
to  play  lest  they  should  miss  the  emperor.  The  illustrious 
traveller  remained,  therefore,  in  conversation  with  die 
landlady*  who  said: — **  My  employment  has  hitherto 
prevented  mefirom  seeing  the  emperor;  but  I  intend  to 
make  my  escape  some  morning  and  see  him  at  his  hotel, 
for  I  hear  that  he  is  easy  of  access.''  The  count  de  Falken- 
stein,  taking  out  a  louis-d'or,  gave  it  to  her,  and  said 
<'  FoiU  Ltmts  XVL  /'  and  pointing  to  himself,  "  V^M 
CEmpereur*** 

Next  door  to  the  Caf6  de  la  B6genee  is  a  house  called 
the  BdUl  d^Angleterrcp  which  b  unique  in  its  kind. 
It  Js  open  day  and  night ;  and  men  and  women  of 
every  nation  and  rank  have  free  access  at  all  hours. 
Every  language,  is  spoken;  and  notwithstanding  that  it  b 
the  resort  of  thieves,  vagabonds  and  prostitutes*  the  pro- 
perty of  every  individual  whilst  there  is  perfectly  secure. 
The  police  are  well  acquainted  with  those  at  the  head  of 
this  singular  establishment,  but  nothing  that  passes  there 
is  divulged.  It  communicates*  with  the  adjacent  houses, 
so  that  visitors  may  depart  without  being  seen.  Refresh- 
ment, and  lodgings  by  the  night  for  four  or  five  hundred 
persons,  may  be  obtained. 


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352  snins. 

The  king's  slables  were  fonneriy  in  the  roe  SniM 
Honori.  In  the  reign  of  Louis  XilL,  Gerdle»  lut  bm- 
jesty'f  phyiician^  bad  apartments  in  the  bnildings  con- 
nected with  the  stables.  Haruig  been  to  Nancy  to  Tint 
madame  de  Fargis,  one  of  the  queen's  kdies  in  waitiDg, 
he  returned  to  Pftrisy  and  immediately  upon  his  aniral  was 
arrested  by  the  diief  officer  of  the  ni^tpatroloy  who  tomi 
in  his  pocket  the  kingVhoroscope,  and  letters  addroised 
to  several  persoi»  by  madame  de  Fitrgis.  The  doctor 
pleaded  that,  as  hk  majesty's  physician,  he  was  enlilM  to 
carry  the  horoscope  <^  his  master :  he  was,  howeTer,  Mat 
to  the  galleys,  vrhBre  he  remained  till  the  commeoceflient 
of  the  regency,  when  he  was  recalled  by  the  qoeen^s  coii* 
mand,  bnt  died  on  his  way  to  Paris. 

Roi  nv  Faviourg  Saiht  Honoai. — No  street  id  the 
capital  contains  a  greater  number  of  magnifieeol  hoieb 
than  the  roe  4u  faubourg  Saint  Honors 

In  December,  i70i,  two  young  la<fies  resi£ng  b  tUs 
street,  the  one  fourteen,  the  oth^  serenteea  yean  ofege, 
were  bittw  by  a  dog  supposed  to  be  mad.  An  ipiorant 
physician  who  was  sent  for,  concluding  thev  were  incnaUe, 
ordered  them  to  be  immediately  smothered. 

Rob  nB  hk  IfvcHBTTB.^n  1S2D,  a  mason  fifcorered 
in  the  foundations  of  the  old  convent  de  TAnnondatioo, 
a  box  containing-  four  hundred  and  fity-three  fcos-^^> 
which,  by  a  decision  of  the  tri$ar  da  dUntre*,  weie  di- 
vided between  the  king,  Guillaume  de  la  Croix,  owacf 
et  dto  premises,  and  Antoine  Beuray,  the  individual  wko 
Aiittd  uiem. 

This  street  has  frequently  been  called  me  de$  RviUtttrtp 
on  account  of  the  great  number  of  spits  constandy  tak- 
ing in  the  houses  of  the  venders  of  roasted  fowls,  etc  Sstf- 
val  states  that  fiither  Bonaventure  Caktagtrone,  gcMrd 
of  the  Cordeliers  and  one  of  the  negooiators  of  the  pe*c^ 


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BDE  DU  HtaLIUE,  ETC.  253 

of  Yenrins,  was  so  astonbhed  al  the  rotisierie  of  the  rue  de 
la  Huchette,  that  when  he  returBed  to  Italy,  he  qK>ke  of 
nothing  eke  that  he  had  seen  at  Paris.  ''  FeramMUe'* 
said  he,  ^<  qwuU  to$i8$eric  sano  co$e  stupende^^* 

&DE  Bu  HvBLBUR. — There  are  In  Paris  two  streets  ^  this 
name,  distingiiished  firom  each  other  hy  the  qualification 
grand  and  peiii^  HurUur,  according  to  some,  ia.  a  cor- 
ruption of  hu&'le,  and  this  name  was  given  to  these  streets 
because  they  were  formerly  inhabited  eieliisitely  by  pros- 
titutesy  and  whenever  a  man  entered  either  of  them,  it 
was  said  to  the  children,  ^' kue-U/^  that  is,  ''hoot 
him."  Others  are  (^  opinion  that.the  name  is  a  corrup- 
tion of  Hugues-Leo  (Hugo  Lupus),  knight,  who  resided 
there  in  1230. 

Rub  Jacob. — ^This  street  derives  its  name  from  the 
altar  Jacob,  which  Marguerite  de  Veloifr,  first  wife  of 
Henry  IV«  made  a  vow  to  erect.  The  vow  was  fpdfflled 
by  the  foundation  and  construction  of  the  convent  des 
Petits  Augustins.* 

Bus  Saint  JBAH.-*-^The  executioner  of  capital  convicts, 
*who,  before  the- revolution^  bore  die  name  of  saoieuteur 
dM  hauUs  eDuvrti^  long  resided  ia  this  stroel.  A  niagis- 
trate  of  Paris  having  taken  the  wife  of  the  executioner  for 
his  mbtress,  the  husband  returned  home  one  day,  and 
finding  them  togetbery  revenged- himself  by  marking  their 
shonlderS'Vritb  the  iron  used  for>  branding  criminals*  The 
BMgistrale  complained  to  the  Par/ameiu,  and  the  execu- 
tioner was  sent  to  the  galleys. 

Saint  Foix  says,  /*  I  wish-  that  the  public  executioner 
was  distinguished  from  oHnr  citixens  by  »  particular  cos- 
tume, whenever  he  performs-  the  duties  of  his  office.  A 
black  coat,  an  axein  i^JbUck  belt  covered- witlycrape>  and 
a  crape  hatband  would  be  the  dress  most  sukable,  as^  it 
*  See  Inscription,  Yol.  I.,  p.  275. 


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254  STIEITS. 

would  indicate  that  the  nation  is  in  mooming  whenenr 
it  is  deprived  of  one  of  its  members.  ** 

Rue  Jean  Bait. — ^This  is  a  new  street^  opened  on  t 
piece  of  ground  formerly  belonging  to  the  garden  of  tfe 
Luxembourg.  Its  name  is  intended  to  perpetuate  Ifcs 
memory  of  Jean  Bart»  a  celebrated  nayd  commander, 
who  was  bom  at  Dunkirk  in  1651,  and  died  in  the  saa» 
town  in  1702. 

£uE  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau. — ^The  name  of  this  street 
was  rue  Platritoe  till  1790»  when  it  assumed  that  of  Jesa 
Jaci{ues  Rousseau,  who  was  lK>m  at  Geneya  in  1712,  aai 
died  at  Ermenonville,  in  1778.  This  celebrated  writer 
was  strongly  attached  to  the  quarter  of  Paris  in  whkk 
this  street  is  situated. 

The  hotel  in  this  street  in  which  the  general  Post-OlBce 
is  nowestablished  was  at  one  period  occupied  by  Jein  Loom 
de  Nogaret  de  la  Yalette,  admiral  of  France,  who  was  lo 
puffed  up  by  the  favour  shewn  him  by  Henry  UL,  that  the 
two  following  reigns  were  insufficient  to  abase  hioL  loder 
pretext  of  the  gout,  he  obtained  permisMoa  of  Heory  IV. 
for  his  carriage  to  enter  the  court  of  the  Loufte.  During 
the  regency  of  Marie  de  M^cis,  this  permisuon  became 
a  prerogatiTO  which  was  granted  to  dukes  and  the  gnat 
officers  of  the  crown. 

In  the  reign  of  Louis  XTV.,  one  day  when  it  rained  ia 
torrents,  H.  de  Roqudanre,  who  was  not  at  that  ttmes 
duke,  ordered  his  coachman  to  drive  into  the  court  of  the 
Loimre.  The  sentinel  enquired  who  it  was  ? — A  doka» 
was  the  reply.  What  duke?  The  duke  d*£penioa. 
Which?  The  last  that  died  I  said  M.deRoqueUure,ivho 
was  allowed  to  enter.  Fearing,  however,  that  he  had  doas 
wrong,  he  went  directly  to  the  king,  and  said :  "  Sire,  it 
rained  so  hard,  that  I  came  in  my  carriage  to  the  foot  o( 
the  staircase.''   Louis  XIV.  was  angry,  and  enqnii^' 


1 


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BtJB  JEAN  nSOlC,  ETC.  255 

*'  Who  is  the  fool  that  suffered  you  to  enter  ?**  <<  Still 
more  a  fool  than  you  6an  possibly  think/'  rejoined  M*  de 
Roquelaure,  **  for  he  allowed  me  to  pass  under  the  name 
of  the  duke  d']&pemon»  the  last  who  died."  The  king's 
anger  subsided,  and  he  laughed  heartily  at  the  simplicity 
of  the  sentinel. 

Louis  XIV.  was  very  rigid  in  maintaining  etiquette. 
It  was  he  who  established  entries  at  certam  places  and  at 
fixed  hours,  and  created  distinctions  gradually  marked.i 
Eyery  eyening,  when  retiring  from  prayers,  he  appointed 
the  person  who  was  to  hold  the  eandle  whOst  he  undressed 
for  bed  ! 

The  patent  jackets  ijiutee  au  carps)  were  another  pre^ 
rogative.  They  were  blue,  with  lining,  waistcoat  and 
edges  red,  and  were  magnificently  embroidered  with  gold 
and  silver.  The  number  was  limited,  and  eren  the  princes 
of  the  blood  were  obliged  to  wait  for  Tacancies»  the  king 
and  his  fiimily  not  being  included. 

Rub  Jban  Tison. — In  this  street,  which  takes  its  name 
from  a  noble  family  of  the  thirteenth  century,  is  a  house 
(No.  12)  which  was  occupied,  from  1677  to  1588,  by  H. 
de  Horvilliers,  chancellor  of  France  in  the  time  of  the 
Lfgcce. 

Rub  db  Jbbusalbk. — This  street  b  so  called  because  a 
house  which  stood  in  it  was  appropriated  to  pilgrims  who 
had  come  to  Paris  from  Jerusalem. 

Rub  DBS  Jbunbubs. — Upon  the  site  of  this  street  were 
two  bowling-greens,  from  which  it  took  the  name  of  Jeux- 
NeufSf  corrupted  to  Jeuneurs. 

Rub  Saxkx  Josbph. — ^This  street  was  called  rue  da 
Temps  Perdu  till  1640,  when  it  took  its  present  name 
from  a  chapel  near  it  dedicated  to  Saint  Joseph. 

filad^me  de  Montespan  liyed  in  this  street  after  her  dis- 
Qusial  from  court,  and  died  there  in  1709. 


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256  8TRSBT8. 

Rub  JuDU.-^Upoii  tlie  expakioa  of  the  Jews  in  1182. 
by  Philip  Aogustni,  this  •ireet  was  called  b  deritioii 
rue  Judas. 

Rub  i>w  Juifs. — In  this  street  was  a  statue  of  the  Yirgta 
Mary,  which  in  1628  was  mutilated.  Frands  L  caused 
it  to  be  replaced  by  one  in  silver,  which  was  stolen  in 
1646;  the  next,  of  wood,  was  broken  in  iSSi^  asd  was 
succeeded  by  one  in  maihle.  The  p<^ulaoe  coneeifing  tbat 
Jews  alone  couM  be  guilty  of  such  acts  of  sacrilege^  called 
the  street  rut  de$  Juifs^  a  name  which  il  still  relams. 

Rub  ab  ul  Jviybmb* — This  street  derires  its  name  firom 
having  been  principally  inhabited  by  Jews,  and  thne 
having  been  a  synagogue  in  it* 

Dnder  the  first  race  of  kings,  Jews  were  establashed  ia 
most  of  the  towns  of  GauU  and  a  great  number  resided  at 
Paris.  Tluir  usury,  religion  and  wealth  excited  the  hatred 
of  thepeople  against  them,  and  «q>osed  them  te  flguBcnl 
persecution.  During  the  first  crusade,  the  massacra  o( 
Jews  was  conaidered  a  religious  duly*  In  after  tiaMS,  the 
Christiana  trere  accustomed. during  Holy  Week  and  on 
Easter  Day  to  pursue  the  Jews  through  the  •treats  with 
stones,  and  t»  break  the^  dooes  and  windows  of  their 
houses.  In  some  provincial  towns  it  was  the  practice  on 
holy  days  to  conduct  a  Jew  to  the  church,  and  pub- 
licly beat  him  on  the  head.* 

The  Jews  were  ever  t»  the  kings  of  Franoe  a  rady 


*  Adh^mar  de  Chshsnne,  in  his  Chronique^  relates  that  i 

Tucount  de  Rochechouard,  haying  yisited  Toulouse,  the  chapter  o^ 

Saint  £tienne,  to  do  him  honour,  appointed  Htigoes,  chaphifl  ol 

theTisDMuit,  tebcai«Jew«t|beEuierl«ilint^  afMa.alwayithe 

he  chaplain  peifenaed.  the  c4kt  ndih  so  much  uiam, 

\  down  such  violent  blows  upon  the  unfortunate  Isneht«« 

ns  and  eyes  felt  upon  the  payeoient,  and  be  expired  oo 

The  Jews  of  Tcmlotiae  came  and  renered  tbr  Wf. 

buried  in  th«r  oeiMlfliy ^ 


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RUE  DE  LA^  JOIYERIE.  257 

resource  in  their  most  urgent  necessities.  By  expelling 
tbem  from  the  kingdom  their  property  was  confiscated  to 
the  crown  9  and  by  recalling  them  an  immense  sum  was 
obtained  for  their  re-establishment. 

After  their  expulsion  in  633,  by  king  Glotaire,  they 
again  returned  to  France.  Philip  Augustus  expelled  them 
in  ifSly  and  recalled  them  in  1198*  Saint  Louis  banished 
them  in  1267,  and  shortly 'after  allowed  them  to  return. 
In  1306  they  were  expelled  by  Philippe-le-Bel,  and  in  1315 
recalled  by  his  successor  Louis  X.,  who  agreed  to  allow 
them  to  remain  thirteen  years  in  his  realm,  upon  condition 
of  their  renouncing  two-thirds  of  what  was  owing  to  them, 
and  paying  the  sum  of  122,560  liyres. 

Under  pretext  that  they  had  entered  into  an  engage- 
ment with  the  king  of  Tunis  to  poison  all  the  fountains  and 
wells  of  the  kingdom,  they  were  arrested  in  1321.  Some 
were  burned  alive,  and  others  driyen  from  the  ka^dom ; 
but  the  most  wealthy  obtained  an  exemption  from  exile 
'  upon  paying  a  sum  of  15,000  liyres.  In  1350,  king  John 
allowed  them  to  return,  and  seyen  years  after  he  banished 
them.  In  1360,  he  recalled  them,  and  granted  them  per- 
mission to  remain  in  France  twenty  years.  Upon  th% 
expiration  of  that  term,  Charles  Y. ,  in  consideration  of  a 
sum  of  money,  gaye  them  permission  to  remain  seventeen 
years  longer  in  the  kingdom.  Charles  YL  however,  did 
not  wait  for  the  expiration  of  that  term,  but  by  letters- 
patent  of  September  17,  139&,  expelled  them  from  his 
dominions  for  ever.  They  retired  into  the  neighbouring 
countries,  and  several  established  th^nselves  at  Metz, 
where  they  remained  when  that  city  was  annexed  to 
France.  Some  Dutch  and  Portuguese  Jews  began,  under 
the  reign  of  Louis  XIII. » to  settle  in  France  for  purposes 
of  commerce ;  but  the  king,  by  a  decree  of  April  23, 
1615,  banidied  them  entirely. 

VOL.  IIU  B 


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258  STKEBTS. 

Since  thai  pcri<>d  the  Jews  baye  gradually 
themselves  in  France,  and  are  as  numerous  in  Ptuts  a»  m 
most  large  cities.     They  have  two  synagogues,  one  i 
in  the  rue  Saint  Ayoye,  and  the  other  in  iho 
Gimeti^re  Saint-Andr6-des-Arcs,  where  their 
conducted  with  order  and  decency. 

In  the  twelfth  century*  the  synagogue  in  the  me  dm  \m 
Juiverie  was  converted  into  a 'church  dedicated  to  Sfliat 
Mary  Magdalen,  which  was  demolished  at  the  mfolataan.* 

Rub  de  Klbbbb.— This  street  bean  the  nave  ef  Ike 
celebrated  general  Kleber,  who  was  bom  at  Strftsbooif  m 
1750,  and  assassinated  at  Cairo  in  1800,  by  a  Tooi  i 
Soleyman. 

Rub  LA.CAIIXB. — The  situation  of  this  street  bejng  i 
the  Observatory,  it  received  the  name  of  LaeaSle,  a 
brated  astronomer,  who  was  bom  at  Rumigpy  in  i71S,  asd 
died  at  Pbris  in  1762, 

Rub  SiUifT  LAifDBT. — This  street  was  fermerfy  called 
Port  SaifU  Landry.  It  was  sear  this  spot,  towards  the  rnrer » 
that  the  corpse  of  Isabella  of  Bavaria,  consort  of  Charles 
VI.,  was  placed  in  a  boat,  without  pomp  or  attendanU, 
and  orders  were  given  to  the  boatman  to  deliver  it  to  the 
prior  of  Saint  Denis. 

Rub  D£  la  Lantbbiib. — In  the  beginning  of  the  seauaer 
of  the  year  179&  a  man,  residing  in  this  street,  formed  a 
project  for  passing  his  life  in  a  perpetual  gaUu  He  pre> 
posed  to  his  neighbours  to  form  H  fraternity,  and  take 
their  meals  together  in  the  opeo  air,  each  tuoSlj  kin|in§ 
their  share  of  provisions.  The  project  was  generally  a^ 
proved,  and  on  the  same  day  tables  were  spread,  ittd  a 
bancpiet  ser^  up  in  the  me  de  la  Lanterae.  Wise  was 
not  spared.  Cor  it  wtfs  indispensable  to  drink  to  Ike  f«- 

♦  Sec  Vol.  I.,  p.  156. 


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RUE  LENOIR,  ETC.  259 

public  and  its  derenJers,  and  the  number  of  the  latter  at 
that  period  was  not  small. 

The  other  sections  of  Paris,  upon  learning  the  gala 
established  in  the  Ciid,  agreed  to  follow  the  example,  each 
fixing  different  day,  in  order  to  be  able  to  invite  the ' 
inhabitants  of  the  other  divisions.  For  several  days  tables 
were  spread  in  the  streets ;  and,  says  Saint  Foix,  **  there 
was  no  danger  of  being  /*un  over  by  carriages,  for  there 
were  scarcely  thiaee  hundred  hackney  coaches  in  Paris,  and 
besides,  the  coachmen  were  at  table." 

The  civic  banquet  of  the  Palais  Royal  was  upon  a  large 
scale,  and  presented  various  scenes.  It  was  a  real  Bac- 
chanalian festival,  in  winch  all  sense  of  propriety  was  laid 
aside.  It,  however,  was  the  last,  for  on  the  same  day  the 
committee  of  public  safety  issued  a  decree  prohibiting 
these  f6Us,  to  the  great  mortification  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  rue  de  Richelieu,  then  rue  dc  la  Lot,  who  had  made 
preparations  for  the  following  day. 

Roe  Lenoir  {Saint  Uonord). — This  street  was  so  named 
dTier  M.  Lenoir,  lieutenant-general  of  police  in  1774,  and 
from  1776  to  1785. 

RvB  Lenoir  [Faubourg  SaitU  Antoine). — The  name  of 
this  street  was  given  to  it  in  honour  of  Lenoir  le  Remain, 
a  calebrated' architect,  who  was  bom  in  1726  and  died 
in  1810. 

Rub  Le  Notre. — A  street  T^ich  it  is  intended  to  open 
near  the  Mlie  des  Veuves,  is  to  bear  the  name  of  le  Notre, 
the  celebrated  gardener  of  Louis  XIY.,  who  was  born  in 
1613  and  died  in  1700. 

Rub  de  la  Lingerie. — This  street  is  so  called,  because 
some  poor  lingoes  (female  linen  drapers)  obtained  per- 
mission of  Saint  Louis  to  establish  a  row  of  stalls  in  it. 
It  appears  from  the  ancient  documents  which  authorised 
their  ^tablishment,  that  neither  married  women  nor  those 


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260  6TUET8. 

of  a  dissolute  life  were  allowed  to  ocCapj  stalls,  uadorpna 
of  hanng  their  goods  thrown  into  tk  street,  andhciig 
driven  out  of  it.  The  opposite  side  of  the  me  de  k  Lb- 
gerie  was  occupied  by  glovers ;  one  of  whoin»  hiTiagheca 
conyicted  of  fabricating  base  coin,  wasjthrown  inio  a  vhmI 
of  boiling  oil,  near  the  Croix  du  Tiroir,  rue  de  fArIra 
Sec. 

hn  DBS  Lioas. — ^This  street  was  opened  upon  the  die 
of  the  Hdtei  de  Saint  Paul,  and  takes  it»  name  fron  the 
buildings  and  courts  in  which  the  king's  lioiis  were  kepL 

During  a  combat  of  lions  at  which  Francis  L  was 
present,  a  lady  having  dropped  her  glove,  said  to  De 
Lorges — **  If  you  would  have  me  believe  that  yoa  lote 
me  OS  much  as  you  swear  to  me  every  daj,  go  and  pick  ip 
my  glove."  De  Lorges  picked  it  up  in  the  midsl  of  the 
ferocious  animals,  and  upon  returning  threw  it  in  the 
lady's  face;  and  notwithstanding  all  her  prolestatioBs  iod 
entreaties  would  never  see  her  more. 

Rue  DBS  LoMBAans. — This  street  took- its  name  from 
having  been  inhabi^d  by  a  great  namber  of  umrert, 
natives  of  Lombardy,  who  established  themselves  at  Puis 
towards  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century.  These  Lonkirds 
were  such  impatient  creditors,  that  it  was  said  in  iney, 
il  a  la  ptUienct  des  Lambardi*  At  the  time  when  flwriw 
YI.  and  the  lords  of  his  court  sold  prebendaries, 
rics  and  benefices  by  auction »  the  Lombards  leat  i 
at  a  high  rate  of  interest,  and  made  immense  fortmes. 

In  this  street  at  present  there  are  a  great  number  of  eoe* 
fectioners,  from  whence  comes  the  proverb  : — ^ait  mod 
ccmmc  la  rue  des  Lombards. 

Rue  Saint  Locis  (au  Uarais).— In  1806  this  stieci 
took  the  name  of  rue  Turenne,  in  honour  of  Henry  de  b 
Tour  d*Auvergne,  viscount  do  Turenne,  who  had  fctirly 
occupied  a  house  in  it ;  he  was  bom  at  Sedan  in  16^ >  9ai 


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RUE  SAINT  LOUIS.  .  261 

killed  by  a  cannon  ball  ne^ar  Saltsbach  on  the  27th  of  July, 
1675.     In  1814  it  reaumed  the  nam^of  Saint  Louis.    / 

Rub  Saiht  Louis  {dans  Cite). — This  street  was  called 
rue  dc  la  FratemU6  in  1793,  when  the  isle  Saint  Lonis,  in 
winch  it  is  situated,  took  the  title  of  lie  de  la  FratemiU. 
In  181&  its  former  name  was  restored. 

It  was  upon  the  site  of  this  street  that  Uie  combat  is  said 
to  have  foken  place,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  Y . ,  between  the 
cheralier  de  Macaire  and  the  celebrated  Dog  of  Montargis, 
of  which  the  following  details  are  related  by  several' 
authors :  Aubry  de  Montdidier,  in  passing  alone  through 
the  forest  of  Bondy,  was  murdered  and  buried  at  the  foot 
of  a  tree.  His  dog  remained  several  days  at  the  spot,  and  * 
only  quitted  it  on  being  compelled  by  hunger,  when  he 
-went  to  the  house  of  a  friend  of  Aubry,  and  set  up  a 
moumiiil  howling.  After  allaying  his  hunger,  he  renewed 
the  howling,  and  pulled  his  master's  iriend  by  the  coat, 
as  if  to  induce  him  to  follow.  The  singularity  of  the  dog's 
behaviour,  and  the  circumstance  of  Aubry  being  missing, 
excited  suspicion  that  the  latter  had  been  murdered. 
Several  persons  followed  the  dog,  who,  when  he  came  to 
•  certain  tree,  redoubled  his  howling  and  commenced 
scratching  the  ground.  Upon  digging  they  found  the  body 
of  the  unfortunate  man.  Some  time  after,  the  dog  seized 
an  individual  named  the  Chevalier  de  Macaire,  who  was 
extricated  from  him  with  great  difficulty.  This  occurring 
several  times  to  the  same  person,  suspicions  were  excited 
thtt  he  was  the  murderer  of  Aubry,  particularly  as  it  was 
known  that  he  had  cherished  a  hatred  towards  hip.  The 
king,  having  heard  of  this  circumstance,  sent  on  one  of  his 
levee-days  for  the  dog,  who,  upon  seeing  the  chevalier  de 
Macaire  enter,  instantly  seized  him.  At  this  period  it 
was  usual,  when  a  crime  was  not  fully  proved,  to  institute 
the  Trial  by  Battle,  called  J.ugcment  de  Dieu.    The  king 


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262  STREETS. 

ordered  the  aflfair  to  be  decided  by  that  mode  of  Ifial, 
and  lists  {champ^loi)  were  formed  b  the  isle  Saint  L4i«ii, 
ubich  was  then  uninhabited,  liacfaire  was  armetl  witk  a 
bladgeon^  and  the  dog  had  a  kennel  for  his  retreat.  As 
soon  as  he  was  loosened,  the  dog  ran  at  his  nnfagirial, 
avoided  his  blows,  and  at  length  seiied  and  brougfai  him 
to  the  ground.  Macaire  then  confessed  hb  gotk,  in  Am 
presence  of  the  king  and  the  whole  court. 

Rub  Lou»  lb  Gband. — In  1798  this  street  Um4  Urn 
name  of  rue  des  Piques,  and  in  1790  that  otrm  de  Im 
Place  Fenddme.  In  1816  the  original  name  was  re- 
stored. 

Rub  db  Loutois. — ^This  street  was  opened  upon  the 
site  of  the  Udtel  de  LouYois,  foom  whence  its  wuom  k 
derived. 

M.  de  LouYois,  minister  of  war  under  Lonis  X/V.,  died 
on  the  16th  of  June,  1691.  In  making  known  the  minis 
ter's  death  to  his  generals,  the  king  exhorted  them  lo  re* 
double  their  tigilance,  in  order  that  the  aOkin  of  the 
kingdom  might  not  suffer  by  that  eyent.  Saint  Foix,  ia 
speaking  of  LouTois,  sajs :  '^  he  was  endowed  with  a  gotid 
nnderstandiDg,  was  laborious,  and  entered  deep\j  into 
details ;  he  was  acquainted  with  the  lowest  trades,  was 
rude  et  dur,  attached  to  the  king  and  the  state,  hot  so 
presumptuoiw  and  cross,  that  he  became  insupportabk  to 
his  master.  He  would  ha?e  been  in  disgrace  without 
and  perceiving  it,  died  suddenly.  His  heart  being 
tracted  in  an  extraordinary  manner,  occasiosed  seae  to 
belieye  that  he  died  of  chagrin;  others  state  that  ha  was 
poisoned." 

Madame  do  Louyois  was  the  first  minister*s  wib  pre- 
sented at  court ;  she  was  also  the  first  who  rode  in  a  car- 
riage. Louis  XIV.  always  r^arded  ghring  importance  ta 
his  ministers  to  be  highly  conducire  to  the  public  service. 


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RUB  LULLY,  ETC.  263 

Rob  db  Lubbck. — Upon  the  site  of  the  palace  which 
IVapoleoa  intended  to  build  for  his  son,  the  king  of  Rome, 
a  street  has  been  opened,  which  bears  the  name  of  Lubeck, 
in  memory  of  the  battle  gained  over  the  Rmsians,  on  the 
6th  and  7th  of  November,  180d. 

Rub  Lullt. — ^This  street  bears  the  name  of  Lully,  the 
celebrated  cmnposer,  who  was  born  at  Florence  in  1638, 
and  died  at  Paris  in  1687. 

Rub  Madamb* — This  street  was  formed  upon  ground 
taken  a  short  time  before  the  revolution  from  the 
garden  of  the  Luxembourg,  and  derived  its  name  from 
Madamb,  consort  of  MoNsiBua,  now  Louis  XYIII.  In 
1793  it  was  caHed  rue  dcs  CUojennes,  but  in  1800  re- 
sumed its  former  name.  , 

Rub  db  Magdbbourg. — When  the  project  of  building  a 
palace  for  the  king  of  Rome  was  formed,  this  street  was 
destroyed.  It  was  called  rue  HerivauU  till  1806,  when 
it  took  the  name  of  Magdebourg,  in  memory  of  the  capture 
of  that  place,  on  the  8th  of  November  of  the  same  year. 

Rub  du  Mail. — This  name  is  derived  from  a  game  called 
mail  or  pal^maiL  It  is  probable  that  the  name  Pall- 
Mall  has  the  same  derivation. 

Rub  bs  Maltb. — This  street,  being  near  the  Tenlj^le, 
took  its  name  from  his  royal  highness  the  duke  pf  Angou- 
idme,  who  was  commander  of  the  order  of  Malta  {Malu) , 
and  grand  prior  of  France  in  1780,  when  it  was  opened. 

Rub  Mahib  Stuabt. — This  street,  which  bore  the  name 
of  Tire  Boudin,  assumed  that  of  Marie  Stuart  in  1809. 
Saint  Foix  relates  that  '*  Mary  Stuart,  consort  of  Francis  IL , 
when  passing  trough  this. street » which  was  then  called  rue 
Tire  Vttit,  enquired  its  name.  As  it  was  indecent  to  utter, 
the  gentleman  to  whom  the  enquiry  was  addressed  replied 
that  it  was  Tire  Boudin.'' 

This  street  and  the  rue  Brisemiche  were  formerly  oc- 


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264  STREETS. 

cupied  by  prostitutes.  In  1387  the  privdi  of  Park,  t  tbr 
.solicitation  of  the  curate  ot  Saint  Merri»  issued  an  ordi- 
nance enjoining  women  of  that  description  to  quit  the 
Brisemiche,  as  it  was 'improper  for  them  to  be  so  i 
the  church.  Some  of  the  inhabitants  oT  Paris 
the  ordinance,  and  undertook  to  support  the 
refusing  compliance.  In  the  following  year  the  <^>po«tioB 
was  sanctioned  by  a  decree  of  the  ParlemenL  The  < 
exasperated  at  being  disappointed,  employed  erery  i 
in  his  power  to  revenge  himself  on  the  cilixeos,  one  of 
whom  he  compelled  to  do  penance  at  the  door  of  the 
church  for  haying  eaten  meat  on  a  Friday. 

Rub  db  MiUuvAux. — This  street,  situated  near  the 
Th^tre  Fayart,  bears  the  same  of  Mariyaux,  a  meaWr 
of  the  French  Academy,  who  composed  many  exodlnit 
comic  operas.  He  was  bom  at  Paris  in  1688,  and  died  in 
176». 

Rub  DBS  Marmouzbts. — As  eariy  as  1206,  mentioo  is 
made  of  a  maison  des  Marmouzeti,  situated  in  this  street. 
Francis  I.  by  a  decree  of  1636,  granted  permiisjoo  lo 
Pierre  Belut,  councillor  of  the  ParUmaU^  **  to  build 
upon  a  certain  spot  in  the  rue  des  Narmouxets,  m\iA 
had  been  deserted  more  than  a  century,  in  punoance  of 
a  decree  issued  on  account  of  a  crime  committed  there, 
which  crime  howeyer  was  not  upon  record,  but  was  cosh 
monly  reported  in  the  city." 

Dubreul,  in  his  AntiquiUi  de  ParUp  relates  the  fol- 
lowing anecdote,  which  explains  the  nature  of  the  < 
referred  to  in  the  decree  of  Francis  I. :  "  From  time  in 
morial  a  tradition  has  been  banded  down,  that,  in  the  rae 
des  Marmouzets,  there  liyed  a  pastry-cook,  who,  in  the 
year  1400,  by  the  assistance  of  a  neighbouring  barber, 
murdered  a  man,  and  made  his  body  into  pies,  which  were 
found  more  delicate  than  any  he  had  made  before.    TIm 


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RUE  DES  MAKMOnZETS.  265 

crime  being  discoTered^  the  ParUment  decreed  thai  the 
pastry-cook  should  be  put  to  deaths  his  house  destroyed, 
and  a  column  erected  upon  the  spot  as  a  memorial  of  th^ 
horrid  deed." 

Dubreuly  who  wrote  in  1680,  adds  that  he  had  seen 
the  spot,  and  that  it  had  been  abandoned  more  than  a 
hundred  years.  This  tradition  was  reyived  in  the  middle 
of  the  last  century,  and  obtained  general  credit. 

De  la  Marre,  in  his  treatise  on  the  police,  says : — 
''  Those  who  remember  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of 
Louis  XIV.,  know  that  the  streets  of  Paris  were  in  such  a 
filthy  state  that  the  atmosphere  was  infected  by  them.  M. 
Courtois,  a  physician,  residing  ia  the  rue  des  Marmousets, 
made  the  following  experiment.  In  his  dining-room, 
which  was  next  the  street,  he  placed  two  large  chenets  of 
iron  ornamented  with  brass,  which  from  the  efQuvia  of 
the  streets  were  covered  with  Tcrdigrise.  Every  day  he 
caused  them  to  be  cleaned,  and  in  the  evening  they  were 
again  covered.  From  the  period  when  the  streets  were 
regularly  cleansed,  the  verdigrise  disappeared." 

At  the  corner  of  this  street  lived  the  family  Regnaud,  of 
whom  the  father,  the  son,  one  of  the  daughters,  and  an 
aunt,  a  nun  60  years  of  age,  were  guillotined  in  the 
year  II.,  upon  the  charge  of  having  conspired  against 
Robespierre,  because  the  eldest  daughter  said  that  he  was 
a  tyrant. 

In  this  street,  near  the  cloister  of  Notre  Dame,  stood 
a  house  belonging  to  the  canon  Duranci,  which  was 
pulled  down  by  order  of  Louis,  son  of  Philip  I. ,  because  it 
projected  so  as  to  obstruct  the  thoroughfare.  The  chapter 
of  Notre  Dame  protested  against  this  act,  as  an  invasion  of 
their  privileges.  Louis  acknowledged  his  fault,  promised 
to  respect  in  future  the  rights  of  the  church,  and  con- 
sented to  pay  a  fine  of  a  denier  d'or.     In  order  that  the 


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266  STUETS. 

reparation  might  be  more  public » it  was  made  on  the  daj 
when  Loois  ascended  the  throne  and  oMrried  Adelaide  of 
Savoy.  The  chapter  required  the  acknowledgment  to  be 
made  and  recorded  upon  their  registers,  before  the  miptia! 
benediction  was  prononnced. 

Rub  dv  Maatroi. — Mariray  or  Martraj  is  an  (difofele 
word  signifying  punishment,  and  in  some  instances  b  used 
for  places  of  execution.  As  this  street  opens  into  the 
Place  de  Grive,  where  criminals  have  been  executed  lor 
ages,  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  etymology  of  its 
name. 

Asking  Philip,  whom  Louis-le-Gros,  his  lather,  assodatod 
with  himself  in  his  throne^  aad  had  him  crowned  at  Rbefans, 
was  passing  through  this  street,  near  the  church  of  SaiM 
Genrais,  on  the  2d  of  October,  1181,  a  pig  ran  under 
his  horse's  legs  and  threw  it  down,  by  which  accident 
the  young  sovereign  was  so  much  hurt  that  he  died  oo  like 
following  day.  It  was  then  forbidden  to  let  p^  wander 
in  the  street,  except  those  of  the  abbey  of  Saint  Airtoiiie, 
which  were  exempt  from  the  general  rule. 

Rub  DBS  Marttbs. — This  street  derives  ill  name  from  a 
chapel  erected  upon  the  spot  where  it  is  supposed  llwl 
Saint  Denis  and  his  companions  were  beheaded.     Froai 
1793  to  1806  it  was  called  rue  du  Champ-dm-Bepoi,  be- 
cause it  leads  to  the  cemetery  of  Montmartre. 

Calmer,  one  of  the  richest  Jews  in  France,  died  at  his 
hotel  in  this  street,  on  the  2l8t  of  October,  1784.  Al- 
though he  had  never  abjured  the  religion  of  Moses,  br 
neglected  its  rites,  and  his  daughter  was  married  to  a 
Christian  of  distinction.  He  purchased  the  duchy  of 
Chaulnes,  by  which  he  obtained  the  presentation  to  fe> 
veral  livings  in  Picardy.  The  bishop  of  Amiens  mmt- 
tained  that  Calmer,  being  a  Jew,  could  not  exercise  the 
right  of  presentation  belonging  to  the  duchy.     An  adioo 


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RUE  MASSILLON^  ETC.  267 

ensaed,  in  which  the  bishop  was  nonsuited.  Calmer  asso- 
ciated chiefly  with  Christians,  and  concerned  himself  little 
about  religion.  At  his  death  the  Jews  refused  to  bury 
him»  alleging  that  as  he  had  not  observed  their  ritual, 
they  could  not  grant  him  foneral  honours.  A  serious  dk- 
pule  arose,  which  was  terminated  by  the  interference  of 
the  police. 

Rue  Massillon.  — This  street  beafs  the  name  of  Mas- 
sillon,  the  celebrated  preacher,  who  was  born  at  Hi^res, 
in  Provence,  in  1668,  and  died  at  Paris,  in  17i^2. 

Rue  DBS  RtAtvAis  Garqons. — This  street  derives  its  name 
from  the  bands  of  French  and  Italian  adventurers  who, 
under  the  name  of  Mauvais  Gargons,  Committed  great 
mischief  in  Paris  and  the  environs  during  the  captivity  of 
Francis  I. 

Rub  MicHAiN. — A  few  years  ago  this  street  was  opened 
near  the  Observatory,  and  bears  the  name  of  M^chain,  a 
celebrated  astronomer,  who  was  born  at  Laon,  in  1744, 
and  died  upon  the  coast  of  Valentia  in  1804,  whilst  occu- 
pied in  prolonging  the  meridian  of  Paris  to  the  Balearian 
Islands. 

Rub  DBS  Mi^N^TRiBRS.  — The  tndndtriers  (minstrels)  and 
jongUun  of  Paris  formed  a  fraternity  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  and  dwelt  in  the  same  street,  which  was  at 
first  called  rue  des  Jongleurs,  but  now  rue  des  Mini- 
triers.  The  deed  by  which  ibis  fraternity  was  established 
was  sealed  at  the  privoU  of  Paris,  and  signed  by  thirty- 
seven  minOrels.  The  association  had  the  exclusive  right 
of  playing  music  at  weddings  and  other  festivals.  It  was 
governed  by  a  king  and  the  pr&vdt  of  Saint  Julian,  who 
had  power  to  sentence  to  twelve  months'  banishment  any 
minstrel  not  belonging  to  the  fraternity  who  exercised  his 


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^6B  8TRBBTS* 

* 

profession  in  Paris.      If  foreign  minstreb  appeared  ai  a 
festiyaly  they  were  liable  to  a  penalty.* 

Rub  Meslat. — The  commander  of  the  Parisian  guards 
had  formerly  an  hotel  in  this  street.  This  corps  consisted 
of  one  hundred  and  fiye  cavalry  and  five  hundred  and  sa- 
teen infantry,  independent  of  two  hundred  and  sixty-eighi 
men,  specially  destined  to  guard  the  wharfs. 

Previous  to  the  reign  of  Louis  XTV.,  the  lords  and 
princes  took  pleasure  in  attacking  and  robbing  the  persona 
who  passed  over  the  Pont  Neuf  and  the  Pont  an  Qiaage. 
One  nighty  thq  party  having  stopped  upon  thft  Pont  Neuf, 
the  chevalier  de  Rieux  proposed  to  the  count  do  RocheiSort 
to  mount  upon  the  cheval  d»  bronze^j[  from  whence  they 
could  see  all  that  passed.  The  project  was  executed,  and, 
by  means  of  the  reins,  they  both  seated  themselves  i^mmi 
the  neck  of  the  horse.  The  others,  among  whom  was  the 
duke  of  Orleans,  stopped  the  passengers,  and  finr  or  five 
were  soon  robbed  of  their  cloaks.  At  length  the  archers 
of  the  city  came  up,  upon  which  the  duke's  party  fled. 
The  count  de  Rochefort  and  the  chevalier  de  Rieux  endea- 
voured to  follow  their  example ;  but  the  reins  breaking, 
the  latter  was  precipitated  upon  the  pavement,  and  se- 
riously hurt.  The  archers  assisted  the  count  to  descend, 
who,  with  his  companion,  was  conveyed  to  the  Chatelet. 
Cardinal  Mazarin  ordered  them  to  be  treated  with  the 
greatest  rigour.  They  were  tried  for  robbery,  and  had  a 
very  narrow  escape. 

Rub  Micdel-le-Comtb. — From  1793  to  1806  this  street 
bore  the  name  of  nut  Michel  LepclUtier,  in  memory  of 
M.  Michel  Lcpelletier-de-Saint-Fargeau,  who  was  assassin- 

*  See  Convenls  of  Men,  Vol.  I.,  p.  288,  No.  37. 
t  The  eqaestriau  statue  of  Henry  IV. 


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ftUE  MIR0MR6NIL,  ETC.  26 

I 

ated  by  one  of  the  body  guards  named  Paris,  on  accoui 
of  having  Toted  for  the  death  of  Louis  XYI. 

Rue  Miromesiiil. — This  street,  which  was  opened  aboi 
the  year  1780,  took  the  name  of  Hue  de  Miromesni 
keeper  of  the  seak. 

Rub  Molat. — On  account  of  its  proximity  to  the  Ten 
pleu  this  street  bears  the  name  of  Jacques  Molay,  the  la 
grand-master  of  the  Templars,  who  was  burnt  under  %h 
reign  of  Philippe-le-Bel.* 

Rub  MoLiikRB. — This  street  being  situated  nearti 
Od6on,  receiyed  the  name  of  Moli^re,  the  father  of  Frenc 
comedy,  who  was  born  at  Paris,  in  1Q20,  and  died  i 
1673. 

Rub  Moil cbau-Saint-Gbkvais. — To  a  house  in  this  stre 
Voltaire  retired,  whilst  one  of  his  friends  had  his  Lette 
upon  the  English  printed  at  London.  He  was  there  a 
rested  and  committed  to  the  Bastile,  which  he  visited  mo 
than  once.  In  1713,  Voltaire  was  sent  to  Prussia  by  tl 
goyernment  to  negotiate  with  the  celebrated  Frederic 
One  day  he  said  to  the  king,  **  Maria  Theresa,  support< 
by  the  English,  the  Dutch,  and  the  Russians,  will  atta< 
you  upon  the  first  opportunity."  Frederick  replied  in  tl 
chorus  of  a  well-known  song : — 

Us  seront  recus  biribi 
A  la  facon  de  Barbari. 

Rub  Mondoti. — ^The  name  of  this  street  is  intend 
to  commemorate  the   celebrated  battle  of  Mondovi, 
which  the  Austrians  were  defeated  on  the  22d  of  Apr 
1796. 

Rue  db  Monsieur. — For  some  years  this  street  bore  tl 
name  of  rue  de  Fr6jus,  from  a  port  in  the  department 
the  Var,  where  Napoleon  disembarked  on  the  9th  of  0 

*  See  Palaisdu  Temple,yo\.  H.  p.  HI, 


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270  STREETS. 

• 

toberi  1799»  on  his  return  from  Egypt-     In  181&  ii  re* 
sumed  the  name  of  Monsieur. 

Rub  db  Momsibub^lb-Pbimcb. — This  ilreel  dertred  its 
name  from  the  prince  de  Gond6,  whose  hotel  extended  !• 
it.  From  1793  to  1805  it  bore  the  name  of  ma  lii  if 
lAbcrU. 

Rub  Mohtaignb. — The  name  of  this  street  was  giTeo  lo 
it  in  memory  of  the  celebrated  philosopher  Midiel  de 
Montaigne,  who  was  bom  at  the  chiteau  de  Montaigne, 
in  Perigord*  in'  1538,  and  died  thero  in  1692. 

Rub  Mohtbsquibu. — This  street  bears  tba  nane  U  the 
celebrated  Montesquieu,  author  of  the  Esprit  de$  Lsis, 
etc.  •  who  was  bom  at  the  chateau  de  la  Brede,  near  Bor- 
deaux, in  iQ89,  and  died  at  Paris  in  1755. 

Rob  MoifTMAiTBB. — During  the  reign  of  terror  tUi 
street  was  called  rue  Momimarai,  in  honour  of  the  exe- 
crable Marat, 

On  the  17th  of  November,  1776,  the  wator-carriers  ot 
the  rue  Montmartre  caused  a  solemn  mass  to  be  ceiefcrated 
at  the  church  des  Petits  P^res,  in  thanksgiTing  for  the 
duke  d'Uses*  recovery  from  a  dangerous  illness. 

Rob  Morthobbnct. — From  1793  to  1806  this  street 
bore  the  name  of  rue  de  la  Riunum. 

At  the  hotel  de  Montowency,  the  son  of  the  constable 
duke  de  Montmorency  was  baptised  on  the  5th  of  March, 
1507.  Henry  IV.  was  a  sponsor,  and  the  pope's  legate 
officiated.  "  Such  was  the  banquet,"  says  Sainl  Foix, 
*'  that  all  the  cooks  in  Paris  were  employed  eighl  dap  b 
making  preparations.  There  were  two  sturgeons  of  an 
hundred  icus.  The  fish,  for  the  most  part,  were  sea- 
monsters,  brought  e]q>ressly  from  the  coast.  The  fruit  cost 
one  hundred  and  fifty  tens  ;  and  such  pears  wer«  sent  to 
table  as  could  not  be  matched  for  an  ^u  each." 

Rob  do  Mont  Painassb. — This  street,  which  was  opened 


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RUE  HONTPENSJER,  ETC.  271 

in  1776,  derives  its  name  from  a  hillock  near  it,  where » 
formerly,  the  students  of  th^  University  used  to  meet  on 
holidays,  to  recite  verses  and  play  various  games. 

Rub  MoNTPBifsiBR. — Upon  the  opening  of  this  street,  in 
1782,  it  was  so  named,  in  honour  of  the  duke  de  Mont- 
pensier,  second  son  of  the  duke  of  Orleans.  In  1796  it 
was  called  rue  dc  Qmberon,  in  memory  of  the  battle  of 
Quiberon,  fought  on  the  20th  of  July,  1796.  In  1814, 
the  former  name  was  restored. 

Rub  du  Mont  Thabor. — ^This  street  was  so  called  in  me- 
mory of  the  victory  gained  by  the  French  at  Mont  Thabor, 
in  Syria,  on  the  16th  of  April,  1799. 

Rub  de  Nazareth.  — Thb  street  bears  the  name  of  the 
birth-place  of  Jesus  Christ,  because  it  leads  to  the  Sainte 
Chapelle,  in  which  were  formerly  deposited  the  crown  of 
thorns  purchased  by  Saint  Louis  of  Baldwin,  emperor  of 
Constantinople,  a  piece  of  the  true  cross,  etc. 

Rue  Nbcker. — This  street  being  opened  in  1788,  when 
Necker  was  comptroller-general  of  the  finances,  it  took  his 
name.  Necker  was  born  at  Geneva  in  1734,  and  died 
there  in  1804. 

Rub  db  l^Obsbrvjingb. — In  this  street  was  situated  a 
monastery  called  grand  Couvent  de  C Observance,  from 
which  the  street  derives  its  name.  In  1793  it  was 
called  rue  de  CAmi  du  Peuple,  because  Marat  resided  m 
the  adjacent  street. 

Rub  d'Orxbsson. — This  street  derives  its  name  ^om 
M.  d*Ormesson,  comptroller  of  the  finances  in  1783,  who 
was  born  at  Paris  in  1761,  and  died  in  1807« 

On  the  20th  of  March,  1782,  M.  d'Omesson  presided  at 
a  meeting  of  the  ParUment  of  Paris.  M.  de  WatrounUe, 
one  of  the  assistants  of  tte  grand  master  of  the  ceremo- 
nies»  brought  to  him  a  letter ^  enjoining  the  ParUment  to 


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^PilW^^I     ■    P' 


272  STKBBTS. 

attend  (he  procession  of  the  reduction  of  Paris.*  The  mes- 
senger entered  the  hall  of  assembly  without  obsenring  the 
usual  ceremonies.  M.  d'Ormesson,  mortified  at  his  wanl 
of  respect  towards  a  body  that  had  more  than  once  brated 
the  authority  of  kings,  said  to  lum  in  a  dignified  tone:-— 
«'  WatrouyiUe,  conform  yourself  to  that  which  is  due  to 
the  court Avail  yourself  of  the  caption.*' 

The  Messrs.  d'OnnessoD  are  distinguished  by  an  act  of 
disinterestedness  which  has  seldom  been  exceeded.  The 
marquis  de  Rosmadec»  who  was  the  possessor  of  great 
wealth,  had  for  heirs  his  two  •nephews,  the  count  de  Broc 
and  the  marquis  de  BaiUache,  whose  fortune  being  smaD, 
were  naturally  led  to  place  much  dependence  upon  the 
property  of  their  uncle.  The  latter  manifested  little  afleo- 
tion  towards  his  nephews;  and  the  count  de  Bruc  faanng 
married  a  person  of  an  age  not  suited  to  his  own,  the  pre- 
judices of  his  uncle  were  increased.  The  marquis  de  Ros- 
madec  died  in  1784,  and  bequeathed  all  his  properly  to 
the  Messrs.  d'Ormesson,  who  relinquished  Ikeir  claims  in 
favour  of  the  natural  heirs. 

Rub  avx  Ouas. — The  name  of  this  street  was  formerly 
rue  aux  Oues,  an  obsolete  term  for  Oie$  (geese),  and 
was  given  to  it  on  account  of  the  great  number  of  roiis- 
seurs  that  resided  in  it.  The  authors  of  the  Didumnair^ 
hUtorique  de  la  Ville  de  Paris  say :  ^*  The  capons  of  Mans, 
the  pullets  of  Mezerai  ftittened  by  art,  the  chickens  of 
Caux,  and  a  thousand  other  luxuries,  were  absolutely  on* 
knopm  in  those  old  times  of  moderation  and  continence, 
when  good  morals  prevailed,  and  our  fathers,  less  sensual 
and  delicate  than  the  present  generation,  regaled  theai- 
selves  upon  geese,  a  kind  of  fowl  despised  in  an  age 
when  sensuality  and  gluttony  have  the  ascendancy.  It 
was  not  till  the  reign  of  Charles  IX.  that  turkeys  appeared 
*  SccVol.I.p.  47. 


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BU£  DB  LA  PAIX»  ETC.  273 

in  France,  that  is  to  say,  a  few  years  after  the  dbcoTery  of 
the  West  Indies.  Tkey  were  ojjginally  brought  from 
Mexico,  t^here  they  are  common.  It  is  said  that  the  first 
turkey  was  served  up  at  the  marriage  of  Charles  IX.,  and 
was  considered  an  extraordinary  dainty.'' 

Rub  db  la  9aix. — The  Convent  des  Capucines  stood 
upon  the  spot  where  this  fine 'street  has  been  opened, 
which  was  called  rue  JVapoUon  till  the  restoratton  in 
1814. 

Rub  Palatiiie. — This  street  was  so  named  in  honour  <tf 
Anne  of  Bavariai  palatine  of  the  Rhine,  consort  of  Henry 
de  Cond6.  «  «   ' 

Rub  Papillon. — This  street.  Which  was  Opned  in  178A, 
bears  th^  name  of  M.  PaJ>illon  De  la  Fertd,  conmiissafy  of 
the  Menus-Plaisirs-du  jloirandauthrm  of  s^yeral  works ;  ha 
was  bom  at  Chfiions-sur-Marne  in  ^727,  and  guillotined 
on  the  7th  of  July,  1794. 

Rub  db  Pabadis  {faubourg  PoissannUreJ. — This  street 
forms  a  prolongation  of  the  rm  4^Enfer,  now  called  me 
Bleue* 

Rub  du  Pabg  Rotal.  — This  street  formeriy  led  to  the 
park  of  the  royal  palace  des  Tournelles.  During  the  re- 
Tolution  it  bore  the  name  of  rut  du  Pane  NatianaL 

Rub  jdjkla  Pargubhinbbib. — Before  the  art  of  printing 
was  known  in  Europe,  the  Benedictine^  Berndrdines,  and 
Carthusians  employed  their  tjme  in  copying  ancient  au- 
thors ;  and  we  are  under  obligation  to  them  for  having 
preserved  a  great  number  of  taloaUe  works.  The 
Carthusians  haying  been  informed  that  Guy^  count  de 
Neyers,  intended  to  make  them  a  present  of  some  silver 
vessels,  informed  him  that  parchment  would  be  -much 
more  acceptable.  The  use  of  paper  in  Franee-is  not  very 
anient.  Parchment  alone  was  used  in  the  fourteenth 
century. 

VOL.    III.  '  s 


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274  STRUTS. 

Rub  PA8€Aiu— Akhongh  not  yel  opened,  this  nene  ksi 
been  gmn  to  •  ttre^  tn  the  qmmrtier  Saint  Bfticel,  ia 
honour  of  the  celebrated  anihor,  Blaite  Pascal*  vIm  mm 
boro  at  Clermont,  on  die  lOlh  of  June,  i62S»  and  diad  m 
the  19th  of  August,  1662, 

Baa  PAviB  {Saint  SauveurJ.—ln  the  garden  of  a  Imbm 
in  dds  street  stands  one  of  the  towers  belongiiig  to  Iha  cil7 
walls  buiH  by  Philip  Aupuius.  bfa  theonlyooernwiia 
ing  entire,  and  is  in  good  preservation.  Its  dimfwiBi 
are  fifteen  fi^et  by  tfnrtj,  and  hs  hei^t  b  aboat  eightym 
feet.  Thescnlptuceaothetopof  thestaireaaerepraMBli 
an  oak,  planted  in  a  tubi  and  extending  iu  bo^^  upas 
the  oeiU^.  This  tower  is  one  of  the  mosi  wiaiarfriHr 
TmijM««C*  in  Paris. 

Rub  mi  PiucAJi.— Aj  eariy  as  iZiZ  this  eiraet  was  k- 
faabited  by  prostftuftaiM  In  the  banning  of  the  remlnlaon 
H  took  the  name  of-ni^  J^tttgie^  to  which  it  waa  net  en« 
titled,  as  women  of  that  description  still  contiBnad  to  re- 
aide  in  it.     In  1800  its  fomer  name  was  raslored« 

Rub  de  la  Pellbtbbib.  — Upon  the  eipniston  of  the  Jews 
iniiai,  eighteen  houses  occ«q[>ied  by  ihem  in  tUs  stnei 
were  give*  to  pe/(0li0r«  (skinners),  firom  wUdi  ka  mmmt  h 
derived.  Aftw  years  ago  the  houses  noU  the  n^crwcrt 
fpuUed  dowB^  so  that  it  now  forms  a  quay  railkar  thatt  a 
street.  The  name  of  general  Desaix  was  ghren  to  it  ab 
the  year  1808,  but  ito  arigbial  title  has  akioe  beso 
stored. 

Rub  na  la  PiafKitoB.— -TIms  royal  pipUU^re  {mmm  , 
gronnd)  belonging  to  the  Louvre  occupied  Che  ifot  ayon 
which  this  street  was  opened  in  1782. 

Rdb  du  P^T-Au^iABU.~(See  Hdtel  dm  Pe 
VoLII.,p.21A.) 

Rub  Pbtbblle. — This  street  is  so  called  /rom  an 
tect,  who  began  to  build  it  towards  the  end  ci  the  latft 


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RUE  DE  ifcpUS,  ETC.  275 

century :  it  afterwards  wai  colled  rue  Mfartborough,  from 
a  sign  •i)f  Abe  Great  Marlborougb,  displayed  in  it  during 
the  revolution. 

Rub  ds  Picms.  — This  street,  w^iA  derives  its  name  from 
the  convent  de  Picpus,  b  remarhttble  for,  containing  a 
great  number  of  boarding-^schools.  In  November,  1786, 
poles  were  fixed  in  the  marshy  ground  of  Picpus,  to  mark 
out  the  course  of  the  ilbw  w^U  ereetibg  to  prevent  the  intro- 
duction ^contraband  goods  into  the  capital.  The  proprie- 
tors opposed  its  construction,  and  one  of  them,  addressipg 
himself  to  the  minister  Galonne,  complained  of  thor  innfr> 
ration,  and  enquired  by  what  law  his  property  was  taken  ^ 

from  him :  **  By  the  eanon  taw/'  replied  the  minitter. 

Rub  PiBBBB-A-Pbi880Ns.  —  The  name  of  this  street  is 
taken  from  long  piefres  (stones),  which  served  for  stalls  to 
vendeis  otpoissans  (fish) ,  as  early  as  the  ^twelfth  century. 

Rub  Pigallb. — In  1792,  the  name  of  Pij||Jle  was  given 
to  this  street  in  memory  of  the  celebrated  scu^tor,  J.  B. 
Pigalie,  who  lived  in  it :  he  was  bom  at  Paris  in  1714, 
and  died  in  17S6.  Previous  to  1780  it  was  an  open  toad, 
called  rue  Royale.  * 

Rub  Pihon. — This  street  bears  the  name  of  M.  PfaiOQ^ 
p^sident  of; the  Partement,  who,  in  1780,  when  it  was 
opened,  occupied  th*  Hotel  Grange  Bateli^re. 

Rue  Piboubttb. — The  name  Pirouette  comes  from  the 
proximity  of  the  street  to  the  pillory,*  because,  when  the 
convicts  sentenced  to  that  punishment  were  turned  round, 
ihey  were  said,  in  v«Igar  language,  to  faire  pirouette. 

Rub  db  la  Planchb. — This  name  Is  derived  from  M.  Ra- 
phael de  la  Planche,  treasurer-general  of  Uie  king's  build- 
ings, who,  in  1607,  established  a  manufactory  of  tapestry 
in  gold,  silver,  and  silk,  in  the  rue  de  Varennes. 

*  See  p.  7. 

s* 


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276  stbeAs. 

Rub  Planghb  MiBEiiT. — Befiire  the  gponnd  wms 
and  pared  at  the  extraanities  of  the  Pont  Noire  .DiBe, 
planches  (plaib)  were  used  at  this  ^po%io  paM  ofcr  tke 
bnrf  (mud),  and  fjoom  hence  the  atre(t«2leriTes  iu  namt. 
The  following  lines  frem  a  manuscript  poem»  eatftU  k 
Ban  Prince,  by  Rcn£  Mac^,  a  monk  of  Venddme,  ^Ui 
the  etymology  correctly : 

L*efDpereur  rient  par  la  GoatAerie, 
Jiisqu*aa  carr«Aiir  nomm^  la  Yaniieri«|^ 
Ou  f At  ykdia  la  Planche  de  Bfibray : 
«  Tel  nom  portoit  pour  la  yague  et  le  Bray. 

'        GeU6  de  Seine  en  une  crease  tranche, 
*0  Entre  le  pdnt  que  Ton  passoit  k  pUacbe, 

Et  on  Fdloit  pour  tire  en  sikret^,  etc. 

•  Rub  no  Pont  ns  Lodi. — Upon  the  spot  where  this  street 

-has  been  opened,  the  conyent  des  (srands  AugastiBs  far- 
medy  stood.  Its  name  is  intended  to  petpeloiAe  Am  re- 
membrance of.  the  battle  of  the  bridge  ot  Lodi,  gaiaed  hj 
the  Frftich  over  the  Aiistrlans,  on  tbd  10th  of  lU^,  1798. 
Rub  db  Pophcoubt. — This  street  derives  its  owieCraBi 
Jean  de  Bopincourt,  chief  presidedl  of  the  Parkmad. 

\  who  had  a  country-seat  in  the  vicinity,  to  "^n^iiA  wtt§ 
hoBf^  weo^  afterwards  added,  whetf  it  becamD  the 
tillage  of  Popincourt.  This  village  >was  iiny»**i<  lo  the 
faubourg  Saint  Antoine  towards  th(  end  of  the  ic^  of 
Louis  XIIL  In  the  time  of  Charles  YI.  the  protestants 
held  their  meetings  in  the  vicinity  of  the  pretideat*s 
country-seat;  but  the  constable  de  Montm^ijkncy repaired 
to  the  spot,  and  caused  the  pulpit  and  benches  to  be 
burned  in  his  presence,  firom  which  he  acquired  the  nam 
tf  captain  BruU-Banc. 

Rue  de  Pobt  Mahon,— This  street,  opened  id  1790,  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Pofi  Mahon,  because  it  extends  aloag 
the  garden  wall  of  the  hotel  of  the  marshal  de  Richelm. 
who  captured  that  port  of  the  bland  of  Minorca  in  1786. 


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EUE  DBS  PRiCHBURS,  ETC.  277 

RuB.PoVLLBTiER. — ^This  Street  takes  its  name  from  H; 
BbuUetier,  treaiHrer  of  the  CerU  SuUies^  and  one  <^  the 
joint  contractors  with  Mgrio  for  erecting  tibe  houses  .and 
bridges  of  the  isle  Saint  Louis. 

Rub  iEs  PBdc^itas. — At  tbe  angle  formed  by  this  street 
and  thi^  rue  Saint  Denis  is  a  lofty  tree  caryed  in  woo4» 
which  appear  U  be  of  the  fourteenth  century.  It  has 
twelfp  branches,  upon  each  ofwhich  is  a  personage  stand- 
ing in  a  kind  of  tulip,  not  much  unlike  a  pulpily  on  the  top 
is  a  figure  of  the  Virgin  Blary .  This  tree  being  called  ArbTrc 
des  PrScheurs,  giyes  Its  name  to  the  street. 

Rub  du  G%and  PaiEUBii — This  street,  which  is  not  yet 
finished »  deriyes  its  naoae  fiem  his  royal  highness  the  duke 
of  Angoul^me,  gran4  prior  of  France. 

Rub  PBiircE«B.— From  17M  to  1807,  this  street  was 
called  rue  de  la  fuitim.  At  the  corner  formed  by  it  and 
the  rue  du  Four  is  a  staiue  of  Moses,  with  the  Tables  of 
the  Law.  Tradition  relates  that  the  house  to  which  the 
statue  is  attached  belonged  to  a  Jew. 

Rub  DBS  Pbouvaihks.— Proava&v^  or  Privaires  is  an 
bbsolete  word  signifying  priests,  and  was  giyen  to  this 
street  on  account  of  its  being  inhabited  by  the  priests  of 
the  church  of  Saint  Eustache,  in  the  yicmity. 

In  1476,  Alphonso  V.,  king  of  Portugal,  cameuto  Paris 
to  solicit  aid  against  Ferdinand,  son  of  tbe  king  of  Arra- 
gon,  who  had  deprived  him  of  Castile.  Louis  XL  treated 
•him,  say  the  hisiorians  of  the  day,  with  great  distinction, 
and  endeayoured  to  afford  him  every  possible  gratification. 
He  had  lodgings  in  the  rue  des  Prouvaires>  at  the  house  of 
a  grdcer  named  Laurent  Herbelot.  He  went  to  the  patais 
to  hear  the  pleadings  in  a  remarkable  cause.  The  next 
day  a  learned  clergyman  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  divinity  in  his  presence ;  and  on  the  evening 
before  hb  departure,  the  members  of  tbe  University  passed 


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278  STUSTS. 

ia  procession  under  his  windows.    Vintk^  says  Sdil  F«l 
sm  rot  bien  hanorabUnunt  logi  ei  bien^n^mtd. 

KtB  DB  Pbotbngb. — This  stfeet  was  formed  m  f7^ 
and  was  so  called  in  honour  of  the  cooni  de  Fianaw. 
now  Louis  XVIIL 

RvB  PuiTs-L*EiiitTB* — This  name  is  derived  tnm^fmt 
(weU)  which  was  sunk  near  the  spot  by  Adaft  the  Berwk 

Rub  Puits-qqi-Pablb. — This  name  stgnifles  0  f*"^ 
well,  and  was  giten  to  the  street  kecaase  oae  of  ihi 
houses  in  it  had  a  well  which  produced  an  edio. 

Rub  DBS  Ptbamidbs. — The  name  of  this  street  ii  is- 
tended  to  commemorate  the  yictory  gained  hf  the  f  reKk 
oyer  the  Mamelukes*  at  the  Pyrftmids  of  Ghiia,  oa  lb 
2l8t  of  July,  1708. 

Rub  DBS  QuAMB  Vbnts. — M.  Poultjer,  tjnSc  ofiht 
appraisers  and  auctioneers,  dwelt  in  this  itreei  a  1792. 
This  disinterested  indi?idual  refused,  in  1785»  a  W|icy 
of  200,000  livres,  in  order  that  the  l^Umalebeirf  i^ 
not  be  deprired  of  their  fortune.  The  Academy  a^<*'p' 
to  him  their  prize  for  the  most  nrtuoua  action.  M.To4- 
ticr  allied  that  Chanln,  porter  of  M.  de  Villier,  M  > 
stronger  claim  than  himself  to  such  a  flaftcring  itcca- 
pense^  but  the  Academy  confirmed  their  decisiM-  ^ 
Poultier  therefore  kept  the  gold  medal,  but  g^re  the  vahi 
of  it  to  Ghftnin. 

Rub  QuiNGAXPoix. ' — This  street  was  a  place  of  p^ 
resort  in  1716,  upon  the  establishment  of  Law*$  bant/  it 
being  here  that  the  exchange  was  held. 

During  the  prevalence  of  Law's  financial  sjsMd,  s  €» 
spiracy  to  assassinate  a  rich  banker,  and  rteal  hi$  pociH- 
book,  was  formed  by  the  count  de  Home,  H.  de  fEstang, « 
half-pay  olBcer  named  Laurent  de  Hille,  and  a  d^awfMr. 


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RUE  RACINE^  ETC.  279 

They  went  to  the  roe  Qoincampoix,  and,  nnder  preteooe  of 
negotiating  biHs  to  tke  amount  of  100,000  crowns,  enticed 
the  banker  to  a  eaft  in  the  mode  Yerase,  where  they  stabbed 
him.    The  shridu  of  tibe  unfortunate  man  brought  in  tke 
waiter,  who,  seeing  himwdtmng  in  hh  blood,  raiseda  cry 
^  murder.    De  l*Eslang,  who  was  watching  on  di^'stairs, 
retunred  home,  and,  after  securing  his  portable  effects, 
fled.     De  Mille  passed  through  the  crowd  in  the  rue 
Quincampoix,  but  was  lii^owed  by  die  popdaoe  and 
arrested  in  the  markets.     The  count  de  Homa  was  seize4 
in  the  act  of  dropping  firom  the  winder  of  the  room  in 
which  the  murder  had  been  committed.     The  ehevmUer 
was  also  taken  into  cpstody.  The  count  de  Home  pleaded 
guilty,  and  gnat  interest  was  made  for  bun.    His  fomiiy 
earnestly  solicited  l^s  pardon  of  the  regent,  and  urged 
tbatlie  was  his  relatiye  on  the  mother's  side;  to  iiiduch  the 
prince  repHed : — Eh  bien,  j'en  partagerai  la  honte^  eela 
doit  eonsoUt  te$ aiOres  paren$.    He  then  rqieated  the  fol- 
lowing line  of  ComeillQ : — 

Le  crime  fait  b  boate,  el  noa  pas  FMiafaad. 

The  count  de  Home  and  his  accomplices  were  shortly 
after  broken  upon  the  wheel,  in  the  Mace  de  Gr^fe. 

Rub  Raginb. — This  street,  T^hich  was  opened  in  1782, 
bears  the  name  of  Ae  celebrated  dramatic  writer  Racme, 
who  was  bom  at  Fert^Mibn,  b  1689»  and  died  at  Paris 
b  1609. 

Ri7B  Rambav. — ^This  street  bore  the  name  of  rw  Ffeuvc 
lepeltetier  till  1800,  when  it  assumed  that  of  the  skilful 
musician  Rameau,  who  was  bom  at  Dijon,  m  1683,  and 
di^»nt  Paris  b  1764. 

Rub  RECivARn. — Upon  the  spot  where  tfiis  street  was 
opened,  in  1782,  stood  the  Hdtel  de  Gond6.  Regnard, 
whose  name  it  bears,  was  a  celebrated  comic  writer,  bom 
at  Paris  in  16&7,  and  who  died  near  Dourdan  b  1709. 


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280  azuEift. 

Rob  RbobattiIibb. — ^Thb  street  bean  the  i 
of  the  associates  of  Marie,  in  erecting  the 
Ridges  of  the  isle  Saint  Louis. 

IfapB  Bu  Rbmpabt. — The  ramparts  finished  in  iMS^ptte 
their  name  to  this  street.  It  was  at  this  spot  that  the  nah 
part  was  attacked  by  Charles  YII.,  on  the  8th  of  ScyiiM* 
ber,  ihi9,'  when  Parb  was  in  possession  of  the  Ei^^iik 
**  The  king»!'  says  an  old  historian,  ''  had  seferal  pieoei 
of  cannon  stationed  near  the  Porte  Sainte  Hooort,  vpta 
a  hillock  called  March6  aax  Powoeanx.  Joan  of  Arc, 
the  Maid  of  Orleaas,  was  disposed  to  attack  the  dtyi»  not 
being  aware  that  the  ditches  were  filled  with  water.  WA 
her  lance  she  sounded  the  depth,  and  whilst  gifii^  erdefs 
for  a  part  to  be  filled  up  in  order  to  force  a  paaii^,  re- 
ceived a  wound  in  the.  thigh.  She  xefivod,  hawpivr,  to 
quit  the  spot,  till  at  lei^  the  duke  d'tko^m  wait  aad 
carried  her  away." 

Rub  db  Rbuillt. — The  name  of  this  street  is  dctifed 
from  the  ancient  palace  of  Rieuilly,  to  which  < 
consort  of  Dagobert  I.,  retired,  upon  being 
in  629. 

Rue  RicHBPAiiCB. — ^The  site  of  this  street  was  fomeify 
occupied  by  the  convent  of  the  FiNes  de  la  ConccfrtJon. 
Its  name  was  given  to  it  in  honour  of  general  ttichtpaf, 
who  was  bom  in  1770,  and  died  at  Guadeloope  in  1901 

Rub  db  Ritou.— This  beautifid  street  was  opened  bj 
Bonaparte  upon  ground  belonging  to  the  coovemi  ds 
TAssomption  and  des  Gapucines,  and  the  site  of  thi 
MatUge,  or  riding  school  for  the  children  of  the  ] 
and  nobles  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XV.  in  1780^ 
Manage  was  oonvertod  into  a  hall  for  the 
Assembly  and  the  ConvenUon ;  and  it  was  here  that  |tidg- 
meut  was  passed  upon  Louis  XYL  The  street  bean  the 
name  of  Rivoli  in  memory  of  the  battle  of  RivoC, 


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RUE  NEUVE  SAINT  ROCH.  281 

by  the  French  over  the- Austrians  on  the  14th  of  {anuary, 
1797. 

Rub  Neu9b  Saiht  Roch.— 44ear  this  spot  is  an  elevated 
piece  of  ground,  formerly  called  butu  Saint  Boch,  upon 
which  streets  were  opened  about  the  year  1670.  Without 
the  walls  of  Paris  there  were  at  a  distant  period  many  of 
these  buttes  or  voiries,  ftrmed  by  the  accumulation  of 
ordure  and  rubbish,  several  of  which  were  leveUed,  or  had 
their  steepness  diminished,  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. 
The  buUc  Saint  Rock  consisted  of  two  or  thre»  hil- 
locks more  or  less  elevated,  ou  thty  summit  of  which 
t  stood  windmills.  The  butu  des  Capeaux  now  forms  the 
labyrinth  in  the  Jarduoi  dea.Plantes,  to  which  it  is  a  consi- 
derable ornament.  •  During  the  famine  of  1709,  the  poor 
were  employed  to  level  a  butte  near  the  Porte  Saint  Denis, 
for  w|)ich  they  received  bread.  On  the  20th  of  August, 
the  distribution  not  being  made  as  usual,  they  rose  in 
insurrection,  forced  open  a  storehouse  in  which  the  bread 
was  deposited,  stripped  the  bakers*  shops,  and  proceeded 
to  the  house  of  M.  d'Argenson.  The  French  guards,  the 
Swiss  guards,  and  the  Mousquetaires  immediately  took 
horse.  "  The  writer,"  says  Dulaure,  *'  who  relates  this 
fact,  adds  :  '  There  were  some  of  this  rabble  killed,  be- 
cause it  was  necessary  to  fire  upon  them;  others  were 
sent  to  prison.'  This  is  the  language  of  a  courtier  who 
was  not  hungry." 

It  appears  that  some  of  the  ancient  buttes  were  of  a 
great  elevation.  In  1612,  when  it  was  apprehended  that 
Paris  would  be  besieged  by  the  English,  it  was  resolved, 
in  a  public  assembly,  to  level  all  these  hillocks,  which 
rose  much  higher  than  the  city  walls.  It  was  also  decided 
that  the  inhabitants  should  be  enjoined  to  carry  their 
rubbish  and  dirt  to  a  greater  distance  from  the  walk. 
This  order  was  not  executed,  for  in  an  assembly  held  on 


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282  sTuns. 

the  20tk  c^  March,  15S5,  team  Briconnel,  prendeiil  tt 


the  Chamber  of  AccompU,  proposed  tfatt  the  A«tfe9,  which 
**  imTomided  and  commanded  Vms/*  thoddhe  leveBei 
The  ardibnhop  of  Aix,  who  W)u  goTemor  of  ibe  citj, 
regarded  them  as  so  many  fortreaKs  raised  agamsl  tk 
capital.  The  propositioD  to  lerd  them  was  adopted  bat 
not  fblly  execoted,  as  the  bmimS^hu  Bock  edsled  m  tk 
r^nof  Lotis  XIY*,  and  the  btOie  des  Copeamac  b  stil 
entire,  rithoogh  corered  with  trees. 

Ruv  RooucfloviiRT. — ^TUs  street  derires  its  name  froB 
Marguerite  de  Rochecbooart  de  Montpipeaa,  abbess  of 
Montmartre,  who  died  in  1727. 

RvB  Rohan. — Upon  the  opening  of  thu  street,  a  1780. 
it  took  the  name  of  Rohan,  after  cardinal  deRohatf,pui4 
ahnoner  id  France.     In  1796  it  was  called  rm  dt  Msr- 
eeau,  in  memory  of  a  general  of  that  nane,  iIm  was 
bom  at  Ghartres  in  1769,  and  died  in  comeqncice  of  s 
wonnd  in  1796.    The  original  name  was  restored  m  lSi6. 

Rub  du  Roi  db  Sicilb. — The  name  of  this  street  ii^ 
rived  from  a  palace*  in  it  which  was  built  by  Quiks, 
king  of  Naples  and  Sicily,  brother  of  Saint  Loois,  iiW> 
was  crowned  at  Rome,  in  1266.     From  1792  to  1806,  il 
was  called  mc  des  Droiu  de  C Homme, 

Rub  Rotalb  {des  TuiUries).— In  1792  the  name  of  tlu 
street  was  changed  for  that  of  rue  de  ta  Mcvoluliam,  aal 
afterwards  for  rue  de  ta  Concorde.  In  1814  the  origiaal 
name  was  restored. 

Rub  Rotalb  {Saint  Anioine). — Part  of  the  ancieni 
palace  des  Toumelles  stood  upon  the  ground  where  this 
street  has  been  opened,  which  in  1792  was  called  rm 
NaUanaU,  and  in  1800  rue  des  VosgjU^  because  the  de- 
partment des  Vosges  was  the  first  that  paid  its  cootriba- 

*  Sec  £«i  Grande  Fame,  Yol.  H.,  p.  375. 


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RUE  SALLE  AU  COMTE,  ETC  283 

tions  wilhio  the  term  prescribed  by  the  decree  of  ftarch 
8,  iSOO. 

Rub  Sall^  au  Goictb. — ^This  street  derives  its  name 
from  a  house  in  it»  called  Salle  au  Camte,  which  be- 
longed to  the  count  de  Dampmartin,  and  afterwards  passed 
to  the  chancellor  Henry  de  Marie,  who  was  assassinated 
in  1418. 

In  the  registers  of  the  Parhment  it  is  recorded,  that, 
in  1413,  the  office  of  chancellor  bebg  vacant,  the  dau- 
phin, the  ivjf.es  of  Berry,  Bonrgogne,  Bararia,  and  Bar, 
with  many  barons,  knights,  and  councOlors,  assembled  in 
the  council-chamber,  and  made  oath  by  the  true  cross  to 
vote'  for  the  person  whom  they  conscientiously  thought 
most  worthy.  Uemry  de  Marie  having  the  majority  of 
votes,  was  procUuned  chancellor. 

Rub  Sabtirb* — This  street  bears  the  name  of  M.  Sar- 
tine,  who  wa0  lieutenant  of  Ae  police  from  1759  to  1775, 
when  lie  was  appointed  minister  of  the  marine. 

Rub  db  Sbinb.  —  Upon  the  return  of  queen  Marguerite, 
first  consoit  of  Henry  lY.,  to  Paris,  after  an  absence  of 
twenty-five  years,  she  built  an  hotel  *  in  this  street,  with 
extensiw  gardens  along  the  river.  ''  A  true  descendant 
of  the  Valois,"  says  Mezeray^  **  she  ndver  made  a  present 
without  apdogising  for  its  being  so  small.  She  patronised 
men  of  letters,  some  of  whom  were  always  at  her  table, 
and  derived  such  advantage  from  their  conversation,  that 
she  spoke  and  wrote  better  than  any  other  female  «f  her 
time."  She  passed  part  of  the  day  In  bed,  surrounded 
by  chorister^K>ys,  who  chanted  anthems.  Being  once 
at  Toulouse,  the  Parlement  of  that  city  presented  to  her 
their  congratulations  whilst  she  was  in  bed,  attended  by 
her  choristers.  Her  faij)e  as  a  dancer  was  spread  through- 

:  See  Hdtel  de  k  Reifie  M0rguente,  Vol.  H.,  p.  208. 


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264  STIEITd. 

ottiBlirope*  Cardinal  don  John  of  Aoalria^  governor  of  iKe 
Low  Countries,  once  set  off  post  from  Brussels,  and  came 
to  Parb  incognito,  on  purpose  to  see  her  dance  at  a  dress- 
ball 

Henry  lY,,  finding  himself  peaceable  possessor  <^  the 
throne,  and  having  no  issue,  proposed  to  Marguerite,  Sk 
the  benefit  of  the  state,  that  their  marriage  should  be  dis- 
solved, to  which  she  cons^ed  in  the  most  noble  and  dis- 
interested manner,  only  requiring  that  ker  debts  ahodd 
be  paid,  and  a  suitable  provisbn  made  for  h|r. 

Till  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  ftn- 
bourg  Saint  Germain,  in  which  the  rue  de  SCine  is  si- 
tuated, was  merely  a  village  coQMStipg  of  scattered  koases, 
in  the  midst  of  vineyards,  fields,  and  gartenu  Tho  $poi 
now  occupied  by  the  rue  Saint  Domiidgue  and  Che  nv 
Taranne  was  an  open  road,  called  ehemin  ow  yndm, 
and  a  vast  space  was  occupied  by  tibe  Priaux  Cltrc$,  de- 
pendent on  the  abbey  of  Saint  Germain.  To  tUs  < 
stance  the  following  aUiisioQ  is  made  in  ComeiUe^s  i 
tear*  the  earliest  good  comedy  published  in  Fnmce,  ind 
represented  for  the  first  time  in  16&2 : 

DORANTE. 

Paris  sanUe  k  mes  yeox  on  pays  de  romans  : 
J'y  croyoia,  ce  matin,  Toir  one  isle  enchant^  ; 
Je  la  hussai  d^serte,  et  la  trouTe  habits ; 
'  Quelque  Amphioii  noureau,  aana  Faide  dis  masons, 
En  superbes  palais  a  change  an  buissons. 

GERONTE. 
Paris  Toit  tons  les  joon  de  ces  metamorphoses. 
Dans  tout  k  Pr^  aox  Clercs  tu  verraf  mlans  choses; 
Et  roDirers  entier  ne  pent  rien  roir  d^^gal 
Aox  superbet  dehors  in  Palais  Cardinal. 
ToQte  une  riile  eoti^,  arec  pompe  b4tie 
SemUe  d*un  vieux  foss^  par  miracle  sortie. 

*  See  Act  n.,  Scpe5« 


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KU7  DE  SEINE.  285 

In  the  last  two  lines  allusion  is  made  to  the  quartiers 
Aichelieu  and  Montmartre»  which  were  bnilt  about  that 
time.  Calais  Cardinal  was  the  original  name  of  the  Pa- 
lais Royal* 

It  was  at  an  hotel  in  this  street  that  two  ambassadors  of 
the  gra^i  scigniot  were  receiTed  on  the  8th  of  November, 
1^81^  and  treated  in  the  most  magnificent  manner.  One 
of  them  was  •ommlssitned  to  aolicit  the  king  to  be  present 
aft  the  <ircmncision  of  the  sultanas  eldest  son,  which  was 
•to  be  perfoimed  with  much  pomp  at  Constantinople  in 
May  of  fhe  following  year.  The  object  of  the  other's 
mission  was  to  confirm  the  ancient  tftaties  between  the 
kin|8  t>f  France  and  the  emperors  of  the  Turks.  On  the 
10th  ^  December  folbwing  they  left  Paris,  loaded  with 
costly  presents. 

In  March,  1601,  Barthelemy  de  Gooeur,  a  native  of  Mar- 
seilles, who  had  become  physician  te  Mahomet,  emperor 
of  the  Turks,  arrived  at  Paris  on  a  mission  from  his  high- 
ness, but  without  either  suite  onthe  title  if  ambassador.  He 
presented  to  the  king  a  scymitar  and  a  poniard,  of  which 
the  haildles  and  scabbards  were  of  gold,  set  with  rubies; 
and  a  plume  of  herons^  feathers,  fastened  by  a  rich  band 
adorned  with  turquoises  and  other  precious  stones.  This 
envoy  besought  the  king,  in  the  name  of  the  sultan,  to 
tecal  the  duke  de  Mercosur,  who  was  general  of  the  em- 
...  peror  of  Germjypr's  troops.  The  king  enqufred  why  the 
Turks  entertained  such  dread  of  the  duke.  **  It  is,"  re- 
plied he,  **  because,  among  the  prophecies  which  the  Turks 
believe,  there  is  one  which  states  that  the  sword  of  the 
French  will  drke  the  Turks  from  Europe,  and  subvert 
their  empire."  He  added,  that  since  the  duke  de  Mer- 
coBur  had  fought  against  the  Ottoman  arms,  all  the  pachas 
were  apprehensive  offihe  accomplishment  of  the  predic- 
tion.  The  king  said  that,  truly,  the  duke  de  Mercoaur  was 


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286  STUETS. 

his  subject,  bnt  that  he  was  a  prince  of  the  house  of  Lor- 
nine;  that  he  served  in  the  army  as  a  vassal  of  the  cot- 
pire;  and  that,  as  a  Chcistian,  he  could  not  prei^t  him 
holding  a  post  in  the  army  of  the  emperor  of  Gemuny. 

Rub  Sxbpbrtb. — On  account  of  the  many  windings  in 
this  street,  it  was  called  rue  Tortueusc  in  the  tUrieoilh 
century. 

Rub  Sbbtakdoici. — The  name  o(  this  street  WM  gpre* 
to  it  in  honour  of  the  celebrated  anAitect  ani  sceoa- 
painter  Serrandoni,  who  waa  bom  at  Florence,  in  iB9i^ 
and  died  in  1766. 

Rub  SourpLOT.-^The  name  of  the  distingnishgd  arahi* 
tect  of  the  church  of  Sainte  GenoFi^ve  was  girt^  lo  iIm 
street  a  Ibw  years  ago,  to  perpetualp  his  memory,  fle  was 
bom  at  Irancy,  near  Auxen«,  in  171&,  and  died  at  Puis, 
in  1780. 

Rub  Sully. — ^Thi#  street,  which  is  not  yet  «DecaCed, 
will  extend  along  thi  great  court  of  the  arsenal,  and  bear 
the  name  of  Sulk,  the  firiapd  and  minister  of  Henry  IV.> 
who  was  bom  at  fiosny,  in  1569,  and  died  at  his  chiteaade 
Villebon,  in  1641.  He  was  grand-master  of  the  cBdnaifln 
in  1601,  and  goremor  of  the  Baslile  and  superinteaAcal 
of  fortifications  in  1602. 

R^  Taitbout.— TIm  dame  of  the  family  of  Taittooi 
was  giren  to  this  street*  which  was  opened  in  the  year 
1780.     J.  B.  Taitboutwas  city  registrar  in  1698,  and  im  . 
son  and  grandson  filled  the  same  oflice  till  1760« 

Rub  du  Tbmplb  (Fieilte). —li  was  in  this  street  that  tbs 
duke  of  Orleans,  only  brother  of  Charles  VI.,  was  assas- 
siaated*  The  duke  de  Bourgogne,  who  had  long  fiNiaed 
the  design  of  murdering  him,  executed  his  project  with  a 
d^;ree  of  ooolness  seldom  equalled.  'Oh  the  20di  of 
Nofember,  1A07,  a  reconciliation  between  these  two 
prince^  was  effected  through  the  good  offices  of  the 


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RUB  DU  TIMPtE*  287 

dske  ol  Berry,  ivfao  accompanied  them  to  the  church 
dea  Augustins,  where  Ih^  receiFod  the  sacramenl,  and 
afterwards  emehanged  pledgee  of  mutial  firieiKbhip  and 
good-will.  Three  days  after,  the  duke  of  Orleani,  who 
had  ^^tt  part  of  the  day  with  the  king»  at  the  116t^l 
defSaiDl  PauU  went  to  the  H&tel  Barbette,  «nd  ai^ped 
with  the  queen,  #u>  had  recently  been  cqiifiiied.  About 
eight  o'clock  a  valet  de  chambre  of  the  king,  named  Sehas 
de  Courtheuse,  who  was  one  of  the  conspirators,  in&rmed 
the  A^jkd  that  the  king  required  hb  psesence  immediately 
at  the  Hdlel  de  Saint  Paul  upon  business  of  importance. 
His  royal  highness  ordered  hb  mule  to  be  saddled,  and  set 
off,  accompanied  by  two  equerries  on  one  horse,  a  page, 
and  three  fodtmen  who  carried  fiUmbef  ihl  Upon  arrir- 
ing  oppdike  a  house  called  Tlmage  Notre  Dame,  he 
was  attacked  by  eighteen  armed  men,  headed  by  Raoul 
d'Octonyille,  a  Norman  gendemaa,  who  had  bees 
cobcealed  in  the  house  seTenlete  days.  The  first 
moyement  of  the  assassins  occasioned  the  horse  upon 
which  the  equerries  were  mounted  to  run  ofil  The  dnke 
was  immediately  surrounded  by  the  diabolical  band,  who 
attacloed'lym  anudst  Ao«ts  of  ^  mart,  h  mart  I  ^'  I  am  the 
duke  of  Orleans,**  said  he.  ^'  It  is  you  whom  we  want,'' 
exclaimed  the  murderers,  and  at  the  sama  moment,  with 
a  battle  ax#,  cut  off  the  hand  with  wfcich  he  held  die 
bridle.  Sef^eral  biows  of  swords  oad  clubs  saccaeding 
each  other,  he  fisSto  the  ground,  and,  ahbough  exhausted 
by  the  loss  of  blood,  defended  himsdf  on  his  knefs^  and 
for  some  time  parried  the  attack  with  his  arm.  Qu^est 
ceei?  ffoh  vtMt  ocei?  he  esLolaimei  from  time  to  time. 
At  length  the  blow  of  a  dub  dashediout  his  brains,  and 
stretched  him  lileless  in  the  street.  Upon  the  assassins 
holding  a  flambeau,  to  see  whether  he  was  qoite  dead,  a 
man,  whose  face  was  covered  with  a  scarlet  b»od  (sup- 


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286  STUETS. 

posed  to  be  the  duke  de  Bourgogne),  came  oiH  of  tbe 
Hdtel  de  Tlmage  Notre  Dame,  and  with  a  dob  struck  Ibe 
body  of  the  prince*  saying,  EuignezUnU;  oUanB^naus-emi 
il  est  mart*  The  footmeiuvho  accomj^anied  the  ddLe  had 
fled,  except  one,  who,  ^hen  his  master  fell,  threw  bfuMelf 
upou  him,  to  serve  as  a  rampart  against  the  assaulti  This 
fidthful  and  coirageons  serrant  died  of  his  wounds*  Tbe 
assassi|is,  on  fleeing,  set  fire  to  the  house  in  which  they 
had  l>een  concealed,  and  scattered  about  man-traps,  to  im- 
pede their  pursuersr  In  the  mean  time  the  two  cquerriei 
returned,  accompanied  by  the  servants  vdio  had  been  left 
at  the  Hdtel  Barbette ;  they  took  up  the  mangled  corpM 
of  their  master,  and  carried  it  to  the  hotel  of  the  marshal 
de  Rieux,  opptsite  the  spot  where  the  dtod  had  been 
committed. 

Intelligenoe  of  the  murder  soon  spread  throuigh  Puv, 
and  the  queen,  overwhelmed  by  grief  and  terror,  remowd 
to  the  Hdtel  de  Saint  Paul.     At  day-break  the  pnaces 
assembled  at  the  Hdtel  d'Anjou,  rue^e  la  Tixeranderie; 
the  city  gates  were  shut;  guards  were  stationed  b  til  tbe 
streets;  and  active  search  was  made  after  the  mmiofxu 
The  body  of  the  duke  of  OrieMs  Mis  conveyed  to  (be 
church  des  Blancs  Manteaux,  where  all  the  princes  weal 
to  behold  it.     Mono  of  them  shewed  greater  signs  of  grief 
and  indignation  than  the  duke  de  Bourgogne,  i^o  was  not 
suspected^  and  imagined  that  his  crime  was  fuDy  coa- 
cealed.     An  ancient  writer  states,  that  when  the  duke  ds 
Bourpgne  approached  to  sprinkle  holy  water  Qp<Mi  tbe 
body,  it  threw  out  blood.    A  few. days  afler,  the  pr^r^t  of 
Paris  having  receivdt  information  that  one  of  the  mar- 
derers  took  refuge  fli  the  Hotel  de  Bourgogne,  went  im- 
mediately to  the  king's  council,  and  demanded  authority  to 
search  the  palaces  of  the  prinoos  of  the  blood.  Tbe  dukede 
Boui^ogK,  who  had  previously  played  his  part  with  con- 


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RUE  iniviiBi,,  etc.  ^89 

summate  audacity,  struck  with  this  unexpected  demand, 
and  foreseeing  the  decision  of  the  council,  led  the  duke  of 
Berry  aside,  and,  with  a  trembling  voice,  confessed  his 
crime,  and  retired.  The  horror  which  the  acknowledge 
ment  of  the  crime  inspired  in  the  duke  of  Berry  pre- 
vented his  immediate  adoption  of  measures  to  apprehend 
the  murderer,  and  the  next  day  it  was  too  late,  as  he  had 
fled.  In  thanksgiving  for  his  escape  he  ordered  the  an- 
geltis  to  be  rung  for  ever  at  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 
These  devotional  practices,  associated  with  the  most  exe-^ 
crable  crimes,  are  characteristic  features  of  those  barbarous 
ages. 

The  duke  of  Orleans  was  a  man  of  considerable  talent 
and  engaging  manners.  Distinguished  for  his  gallantry, 
he  had  in  his  cabinet  portraits  of  all  the  ladies  to  whom 
he  was  attached.  It  is  said  that  the  duke  de  Boni^ogne 
having  learned  that  the  portrait  ef  his  vnfe  was  of  the 
number,  resolved,  by  this  cowardly  murder^  to  revenge  his 
supposed  dishonour. 

Rub  TfliaksB. — This  street  bears  one  of  the  names  of 
Maria  Theresa  of  Austria,  consort  of  Louis  XIY. 

Rue  Thibautod^. — This  street  is  said  to  have  derived  its 
Dame,  originally  spelt  Thibault-aux-D^s,  from  one  Thi- 
bault,  a  celebrated  player  at  dice  {(Us). 

In  this  street  lived  Agnes  du  Rochier,  the  beautiful  and 
only  daughter  of  a  rich  merchant,  who  left  her  a  consi** 
derable  fortune*  On  the  9th  of  October,  1403,  she  be- 
came, at  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  a  recluse  in  the  parish 
of  Sainte  Opportune.  Widqws  or  girls  who  imprisoned 
themselves  in  a  small  room  contiguous  to  the  wall  of  a 
church,  were  called  recluses.  The  ceremony  of  reclusian 
was  conducted  with  pomp ;  the  church  was  hung  with  ta- 
P^try;  the  bishop  performed  high  mass,  preached,  and. 
then  went  and  sealed  up  the  door  of  the  room,  after 

VOL*    III.  T 


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290  •     J^TERETS. 

having  sprinkled  it  plentifully  wilh  holy  waler.  The  at) 
opening  left  was  a  small  window,  by  which  the  mtkam 
heard  divine  service,  and  received  the  necessaries  of  ft. 
Saint  Foix  says :— "  Agnes  du  Rochier  died  at  the  agt  if 
ninety-eight  years;  she  was  born  rich,  and,  by  yifalk% 
prisoners  and  poor  sick  persons,  might  have  cootriWtai 
during  eighty  years,  in  relieving  the  afflicted;  kt  ife 
sought  to  obtain  heaven  without  quitting  her  ckuakr.* 

Rub  TiKBCHAPE. — The  name  of  this  street  is  said  l»k 
derived  from  tirer  chape,  because  it  was  oocipied  fcy 
Jews,  who  were  in  the  habit  of  pulUng  the  gawKs  ^ 
persons  passing  by,  to  induce  them  to  enter  their  ibaps. 

In  the  night  of  January  20,  1608,  such  was  ike  ii- 
tensity  of  the  cold,  that  five  men,  who  werebringis|  F^ 
visions  to  the  halUs,  were  found  dead  at  thocofaer  of  At 
rue  Tirechape.-  Pierre  Matthieu  relates,  ibat  Heoaj  H. 
told  him  at  his  levee  that  his  mostachioi  weie  boM&wUst 

he  was  in  bed. 

Rub  db  la  Tixbrandbbib. — Scarron,  whose  wife  bscMM 
the  celebrated  madame  de  Maintenon,  dwelt  in  a  bflOie  » 
this  street,  where  he  occupied  the  second  storey,  cnarirt 
ing  of  two  rooms,  a  kitchen,  and  a  closet     He  died  is 
1660,  and  was  buried  at  the  church  of  Saint  Gemis. 

Rub  de  la  Tohhbllbbib.  — The  celebrated  MoBto^w 
bom  at  a  house  in  this  street,  which  still  bears  ibe  fcis*- 
ing  inscription : 

Jean^Bapiiste-Pocquelin  de  MoIUre  est  n^  dsa*  cctte  wmm- 
en  1620. 

Rub  db  la  Toub  aux  Davbs. — This  street  takes  ib  wmf 
from  a  tower  which  still  exists.  In  1404,  tliere  was  ■«• 
this  spot  a  mill,  called  mouUn  de$  Dames. 

Rub  db  Tbacv. — The  name  of  this  street  is  derived  b^ 
the  count  Destutt  de  Tracy,  peer  of  France,  who  b** 
several  houses  in  it. 


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HUE  TROUSSE  YACIIE,  ETC.  291 

Rub  Troosse  Vaghe. — The  name  Qt  Uku  street  is  de- 
rivedy  according  to  some^  from  a  family  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  named  Troussevache;  and  according  to  others, 
from  the  sign  of  la  vadie  trou8s6c,  that  is,  the  cow  with 
her  tail  turned  up. 

The  cardinal  de  Lorraine,  upon  returning  from  the  coun- 
cil of  Trent,  was  desirous  of  making  a  public  entry  mto 
Paris,  accompanied  by  several  armed  men.  The  marshal 
de  Montmorency,  governor  of  Paris,  signified  to  him  that 
he  would  not  allow  it;  but  the  cardinal  returned  a  haughty 
answer,  and  continued  his  march.  The  marshal,  there- 
upon, went  out  with  troops,  and  meeting  the  cardinal  near 
the  cemetery  des  Innocens,  put  his  escort  to  the  sword, 
and  his  eminence  took  refuge  in  a  shop  in  the  rue  Trousse 
Vache,  where  he  remained  till  night,  concealed  under  a 
servant's  bed. 

Rub  db  l^  Gbaivdb  TRUAi9DBBiB.--^In  this  street  for- 
merly lived  a  great  number  of  collectors  of  trus  (taxes), 
fi*om  whence  its  name  is  derived.  Others  consider  the 
etymology  to  be  truand,  an  obsolete  word  signifying  va- 
giJ>ond  or  beggar,  and  add  that,  in  1313,  it  was  occupied 
principally  by  fortune-tellers. 

A  well,  named  Puiis  d* Amour,  situated  near  this  spot, 
was  so  called  on  account  of  the  melancholy  death  of  a 
young  woman,  who,  being  deceived  and  abandoned  Vf 
her  lover,  threw  herself  into  it,  and  was  drowned.  Her 
father,  whose  name  was  Hellebik,  occupied  an  import- 
ant post  in  the  reign  of  Philip  Augustus.  About  three 
centuries  after,  a  young  man,  in  despair  at  the  cruelty  of 
his  mistress,  threw  himself  into  the  well,  but  received  no 
hurt ;  his  mistress,  deeply  affected  by  the  circumstance, 
lowered  a  rope,  drew  him  up,  and  promised  to  be  cruel  no 
longer.  To  express  his  gratitude,  he  had  the  well  repaired. 


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292  sTRREWi 

Sauyal  says  tbaU  in  his  lime^  the  following  intcriplm, 
mdely  cut  in  Gothic  letters,  was  still  legible : 

It  is  related  that  a  missionary^  in  a  sermoQ  at  ik 
church  of  Saint  Jacques  de  THftpital,  spoke  with  so  mmdk 
vehemence  against  the  rendezvous  made  every  cfrain 
at  thb  spot,  the'songs^sung  there,  the  indecent  daacei, 
and  the  oaths  which  lovers  took  at  the  Puits  d^Amoor  » 
on  an  altar,  that  the  devotees  hastened  to  it,  and  Ski 
it  up. 

RvB  d*Ulm. — The  name  of  this  street,  which  is  not  jd 
completed,  is  designed  to  commemorate  the  capitolilioa 
of  Ulm,on  the  17th  of  October,  1805. 

Rub  DBS  Ursins. — The  celebrated  poet  BMcioe  resided 
for  a  considerable  time  in  a  house  in  this.slreeL 

Rub  db  Yalois. — In  Paris  there  are  three  streets  o(  Om 
name,  which  is  derived  from  the  duke  de  Yakb,  seo  af 
the  late  duke  of  Orleans,  born  in  1773.  During  the  ref^ 
lution,  one  took  the  name  of  rue  Batavc,  in  memory  of 
the  foundation  of  the  Batavian  republic  (Holland) ;  u- 
other  was  called  rue  du  lyycee,  from  the  vicinity  of  the 
Lyc^,  now  named  the  Athdn^e  de  Paris;  the  third ms 
yJled  rue  Cisalpine^  after  the  Cisalpine  republic,  feoded 
at  that  period.  In  1815  their  former  name*  were  re- 
stored. 

Rub  db  Vabbnnbs. — ^This  name  is  derived  from  gafm»^% 
a  warren. 

Rub  Yaucanson. — This  street  bears  the  name  of  ibr  ce- 
lebrated mechanician  Jacques  Yaucanson,  a  netahcr  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences,  who  was  bom  at  Greoofcle,  is 
1709,  and  died  at  Paris,  in  1782. 


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RUE  DE  VAU6IR1BD,  ETC.  293 

Rub  db  Vaugibabd. — From  the  rents  of  houses  in  this 
and  some  adjoining  streets,  the  convent  of  the  Barefooted 
Carmelites  derived  an  annual  revenue  of  nearly  100,000 
livres.  Under  Francis  L  the  amount  of  the  rents  of  all 
the  houses  in  the  capital  was  only  312,000  livres. 

RuBDB  YEiindiiB. — This  street  is  so  called  because  it 
was  opened  upon  ground  sold  to  ihe  city  by  PJiilippe  de 
Yenddme,  grand  prior  of  Fraqce* 

Rub  Ybntadoub. — The  name  of  this  street  is  derived 
from  Madame  de  Yentadour,  governess  of  Louis  XY.,  who 
was  very  fond  of  her.  Whenever  she  left  him,  she  said  : 
— "  Sire,  I  am  going  away,  but  shall  return  this  evening ; 
be  very  good  during  my  absence.'*  **  No,  my  dear 
mamma,"  replied  he,  'M  can  never  be  good  unless  I 
see  you." 

The  young  king  created  an  order,  which  he  gave  to  all 
the  children  who  partook  of  his  amusements ;  it  was  a 
blue  and  white  ribbon,  from  which  was  suspended  an  oval 
medallion,  with  an  enamelled  star,  having  in  the  centre  a 
representation  of  the  tent  upon  the  terrace  of  the  Tuileries, 
in  which  they  played  together  daily. 

Rub  Ybbdblbt. — Thb  street  was  formerly  called  Orde 
rue  (dirty  street),  since  corrupted  to  Ferdcret,  and  now 
Ferdeta. 

In  the  middle  ages,  a  general,  who  had  gained  a  victory, 
in  which  great  numbers  of  the  enemy  were  killed,  was 
surnamed  U  Boucher.  At  the  corner  of  the  rue  Yerdelet 
stood  a  house  which  was  occupied  by  Jean  de  Montigny, 
surnamed  le  Boulanger,  because,  during  a  famine,  he 
caused  great  quantities  of  corn  to  be  brought  to  Paris, 
and  thus  saved  the  lives  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  thousand 
persons.  His  family  abandoned  the  name  of  Montigny, 
and  assiuned  that  of  Boulanger,'    * '  These  are  actions,' 


9> 


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294  STREETS. 

says  Mezeray,  *'  which  ought  lo  be  imBiortaliaed  hj  mt- 

dab." 

Rub  db  Ybbbbvu.. — ^This  street  was  opened  aboal  tk 
year  1640,  upon  the  Pri-aux-Clercs,  and  took  the  naae  d 
Henry  do  Bourbon,  duke  de  Yemeuil,  then  ablnii  of  Shis' 
Gennain-des-Pr^,  son  of  Henry  IV.  and  ^nrieltedli- 
tragues,  duchess  de  Yerneuil. 

Mademoiselle  Dupuy ,  a  celebrated  player  upon  1 
died  in  this  street,  ip  1677.  She  left  a  most  ( 
wiU>  which  is  mentioned  by  Ba]^,  in  his  dicttooary.  Sb 
ordered  that  no  blind,  lame,  or  deformed  person  Atdi 
attend  her  fhneral;  but  that  she  should  be  fbUowe4  by  a 
certain  number  of  married  men,  married  womea,  mA 
girls.  She  ordered  that,  for  twenty  years*  her  hsa» 
should  be  let  to  such  persons  only  as  conM  profe  iheir 
nobility.  She  bequeathed  a  piece  of  ground  tor  a  ftrdea, 
upon  condition  that  the  legatee  should  plant  no  dwarA 
tree  i|i  it;  a^d  Icit  her  harp,  by  which  she  gainai  Wt 
property,  to  a  blind  man  of  the  hospital  das  Qainie  H^gts; 
and  a  considerable  sum  for  the  maintcnanea  of  wteral 
favourite  cats. 

Rub  db  Ybbsaillbs, — The  name  of  this  stred  is  derived 
from  a  distinguished  family,  of  whom  there  are  traces  ia 
the  eleventh  century.  Pierre  de  Yersailles  Gved  ia  tVi 
street  in  1270. 

Rub  Ybbtb. — The  fine  barracks  buik  for  the  ftmA 
guards  are  situated  in  this  street. 

In  1791,  a  grenadier  of  the  6th  divuion  of  Ike  ^""^ 
paid  his  addresses  to  a  young  shopwoman  of  tha  P^kb 
Royal,  whom  he  threatened  to  desert  on  accowl  sf  her 
misconduct.  On  the  6th  of  June,  after  bariaf  JsypsJ 
with  him»  she  urged  him  to  walk  with  her  beh«d  the  bar 
racks.    Upon  arriving  near  the  garden  of  Moeoeaa.  tkay 


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BUE  YILLEDOT,  ETC.  295 

sal  down  on  the  edge  of  a  ditch,  when  she  gaTe  htm  two 
wounds  in  the  groin  with  a  knife,  of  which  hedicifd  a  fort- 
night after.  The  woman  was  condemned,  aid  execaled 
in  the  area  between  the  rue  Yerte  and  the  rue  Mirom^nii. 

Rub  Yillbdot. — This  street  was  opened  about  the  year 
1640,  and  took  the  name  of  a  distinguished  family.  Guil- 
laume  and  Francois  Villedot,  directors  de$  Pants  et  Chatu- 
sits,  possessed  houses  there  in  1667. 

Rvb  db  la  Villb  L'^yiQUB. — ^This  street  was  formerly  in 
the  village  of  the  Yille  Tfiv^ue,  of  which  it  has  taken  the 
name. 

Rue  YiTiEHiiE. — This  street  derives  its  name  from  the 
fiimily  of  Yivien,  and  in  an  ancient  plan  of  Paris  is  spelt' 
rue  Vivien.  Jn  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  it 
extended  to  the  rue  Feydeau,  but  part  of  it  was  then 
graated  to  the  nuns  of  the  convent  des  Filles-Saint-Tho- 
mas,  to  enlarge  their  garden. 

In  1628,  a  gardener,  digging  the  ground  in  this  street, 
found  nine  cuirasses,  which,  from  their  shape,  had  evi- 
dently been  made  for  women.  Antiquarians  and  histo- 
rians have  in  vain  endeavoured  to  discover  who  the  he* 
roines  were,  or  in  what  age  they  lived.  The  only  notice 
of  French  Amazons  upon  record  is  a  relation  by  Mezeray, 
"  that  at  the  preaching  of  Saint  Bernard,  in  favour  of  cru- 
sades, several  women  were  not  satisfied  with  merely  bearing 
the  cross,  but  took  up  arms  to  defend  it,  and  formed  squa- 
drons of  their  sex,  thus  rendering  credible  all  that  has 
keen  said  of  the  prowess  of  the  Amazons  of  old." 

Whilst  digging  for  the  foundations  of  a  stable  at  No.  8, 
in  the  rue  Yivienne,  in  1761,  eight  fragments  of  marble 
Soman  tombs  were  discovered.  The  bas-relief  on  one 
represents  a  man  reclining  upon  a  couch,  and  a  slave  car- 
rying a  dish ;  another,  Bacchus  and  Ariadne.  Upon  a 
third  is  a  priestess  delivering  oracles,  and  a  man  record- 


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294  STREFI- 

iays  Uobenjf  "  which  ought  i. 

dais." 

Rub  m  Vjukeuil.— This  - 

year  1640,  upon  Ihe  Pl^*^u^  * 
Henry  de  BoorboD,  duke  de  ' 

Germain-^ea-Pr^^  aon  of  1 
Iragnei,  dochess  de  Verneu 
Mademoiselle  Dopuy ,  a  c< 
died  in  thb  tireel,  ip  1077. 
wilU  which  \§  mentioned  b} 
ordered  that  no  blind,  lai      ^ 
attend  her  funeral ;  but  ih 
certain  number  of  marri 
girb.     She  ordered  th 
should  be  let  to  such  * 
nobility.  She  bequeath 
upon  condition  that  T 
tree  in  it;  and  l<it  I 
property,  to  a  blind  n 
and  a  considerable 
favourite  cats. 

Rub  pb  VsRSAaL 
from  a  distinguish^ 
the  eleventh  centi 
street  in  1270. 

Rub  Vbbtb. — ' 

guards  are  situat< 

In  1791,  a  gn^ 


,  ^. . .  jrpasl. 


.    fidi  the  hrW  <' 


^ciprssoin 

'        ^.  liik  •  !««**«  • 

,rf^ofrtBBpi*cr-c  a 

^-  £  ms  la  in^cTTjcr*!!. 

.^irtisr  lit   tiL-itii-r    . 

.   SUB-  i.^e*-       ^     '" 

.-a  -  • 


•»-  pir*" 


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i 


TAIM,  ETC.  297 

of  Roman  pottery,  and  two 

itiquities  were  found  was  tra- 
[lich  begun  at  Pontoise  {Briva 
trata),  near  Saint  Denis;  next 
1  from  thence  to  Paris.     The 

*  tombs  near  high  roads. 

ne  of  this  street,  which  leads 
was  given  to  it  in  honour  of 
;ois  Arouet  de  Voltaire,  who 
ruary  20th,  1694,  and  died  at 

his  street  was  opened  in  1699, 

^urstenbergy  in  honour  of  car- 

Saint-Germain-des-Pr£s.  The 

0  it  in  memory  of  the  battle 

*  leagues  from  Donaverth,  on 
Q  which  the  French  surround- 
ble  corps  of  Austrians. 

balf  a  century  ago,  over  the 
le  formed  by  this  street  and 
a  stone  two  feet  square,  upon 
sculptured;  the  principal  re- 
m  a  horse,  and  a  lady  crown- 
of  roses.  Above  were  these 
y;  and  below.  En  (Upit  de 
lent  which  the  sister  of  Guil- 
[sabella  of  Bavaria,  consort  of 
laced  in  front  of  her  hotel  at 
tated  against  Clary  on  account 
ay,  persecuted  him  with  a  de- 
^ath. 

iglish  knight,  and  favourite  of 
s  expressly  to  challenge  with 


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296  STMETS. 

iDg  them  m  a  book.  The  fourth  presents  t  rqMsi,  wiik 
three  guests  reclimng  upon  t  couch;  a  siare  is  can  jii  a 
dish,  and  upon  the  table  b  another  dish,  with  the  bead  «f 
a  wild-boar.  These  and  the  other  bas-rdieis 
have  belonged  to  one  tomb. 

At  the  same  spot  was  found  a  cinerary  cippos  id  i 
the  firont  of  which  was  ornamented  with  a  ffrtnaa  «f 
flowers  and  fruits,  attached  to  the  heads  of  rams  placed  at 
the  upper  angles.  Above  the  festoon  was  an  inscr^pdao, 
stating,  that  Pithusa  had  this  moaument  formed  far  Imt 
daughter  Ampudia  Amanda,  who  died  at  the  age  of  i 
teen  years. 

A  marble  lid,  richly  adorned  with  sculpture, 
vered  at  the  same  time,  demonstrates  the  existence  of  a 
third  tomb  at  that  spot. 

A  fourth  tomb  of  a  similar  kind  was  discorered,  ia  1S06, 
in  repairing  an  oven  of  the  same  house.  Al  each  of 
the  upper  angles  of  the  cippus  were  heads  of  rams  sop- 
porting  festoons  of  flowers  and  fruits,  with  which  ibe  sides 
were  decorated.  Four  eagles  ornamented  the  lower  an- 
gles. On  one  side,  above  the  festoon,  was  an  inscr^lkMi, 
announcing  that  Chrestus,  when  set  at  liberty,  ereded  this 
monument  at  his  own  expense  to  his  patron  Nonius  Jimias 
Epigonus.  Beneath  the  inscription  was  a  hind  flecmg  froH 
an  eagle,  which  was  tearing  its  back.  This  bas-reliff  is 
considered  to  be  an  allegory  of  the  persecution  exercised 
by  the  government  of  the  emperors  against  the  weU4Lne«a 
family  of  Epigonus.  On  the  other  sides,  beneath  the  fas- 
toons,  were  a  plant,  a  patera,  and  an  ewer,  or  prafsriem- 
turn. 

In  another,  house  in  the  rue  Vivienne,  a  brass  sword 
was  found  under  the  ground. 

At  the  northern  extremity  of  the  street,  in  digging  far 
the  foundations  of  the  New  Exchange,  the  workmen  di»- 


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HUE  VOLTAIRE,  ETC.  297 

covered  several  firagmenU  of  Roman  pottery,  and  two 
antique  weights  in  glass. 

•  The  spot  where  these^  antiquities  were  found  was  tra- 
versed by  a  Roman  way,  which  begun  at  Pontoise  {Briva 
I$arai)p  passed  to  Esivie  (5lrafo),  near  Saint  Denis;  next 
to  the  village  of  Glichy,  and  from  thence  to  Paris.  The 
Romans  always  placed  their  tombs  near  high  roads. 

RcB  YoLTAiBB. — The  name  of  this  street,  which  leads 
to  the  Th^Htre  de  I'Odten,  was  given  to  it  in  honour  of 
the  celebrated  Marie  Francois  Arouet  de  Yoltaire,  who 
was  born  at  Ghatenay,  February  20th,  1694,  and  died  at 
Paris,May  80th,  1778. 

Rub  db  Wbrthingbn. — This  street  was  opened  in  1699, 
and  took  the  name  of  rue  Fursienberg,  in  honour  of  car- 
dinal Furstenbei^,  abbot  of  Saint-Germain-des-Pr6s.  The 
present  name  was  given  to  it  in  memory  of  the  battle 
fought  at  Werthingen,  four  leagues  from  Donaverth,  on 
the  8th  of  October,  1805,  in  which  the  French  surround- 
ed and  defeated  a  considerable  corps  of  Austrians. 

Rue  Zacharib. — About  half  a  century  ago,  over  the 
door  of  a  house  at  the  angle  formed  by  this  street  and 
the  rue  Saint  Severin,  was  a  stone  two  feet  square,  upon 
which  different  figures  were  sculptured;  the  principal  re- 
presented a  man  thrown  from  a  horse,  and  a  lady  crown- 
ing a  knight  with  a  chaplet  of  roses.  Above  were  these 
words — Au  vaillant  Clary;  and  below.  En  ddpU  de 
Ccnvie.  This  was  a  monument  which  the  sister  of  Guil- 
laume  Fouquet,  equerry  of  Isabella  of  Bavaria,  consort  of 
Gharles  VI.,  caused  to  be  placed  in  front  of  her  hotel  at 
the  time  when  the  court,  irritated  against  Glary  on  account 
of  his  fighting  with  Gourtenay,  persecuted  him  with  a  de- 
termination to  put  him  to  death. 

Peter  de  Gourtenay,  an  English  knight,  and  favourite  of 
his  sovereign,  came  to  Paris  expressly  to  challenge  with 


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298  coDiiTS. 

fword  and  Unoe»  Gay  de  k  Tr^mouiUe,  ParU-Oriflmm  it, 
merely  because  he  was  reputed  to  be  (me  of  the  braTwi 
and  most  skilfhl  men  in  France.     When  they  hadbrakm 
several  lances  in  the  presenee  of  the  court,  they  woQld 
have  Iboght  with  swords,  but  the  king  put  an  rakl  to  tke 
combat,  as  there  existed  between  them  no  canse  of  dia- 
pute.     Courtenay,  on  returning  home,  told  the  coimlmi 
de  Saint  Pol,  sister  of  the  king  of  England,  that  no  Fren^ 
man  had  dared  to  encounter  him.     *^  The  sire  de  Clnty." 
says  the  Chronicle  of  Saint  Denis,  *^  considered  hioMelf 
called  upon,  in  honour,  to  arenge  the  insult  oflbred  to  his 
nation,  and,  with  the  consent  of  the  countess,  proposod  to 
enter  the  lists  with  Gourtenay  on  the  following  day,  wfaea 
he  fought  so  boldly,  that  he  soon  put  him  hars  de  ooifcal 
coi;ered  with  wounds.     There  is  no  one  who  does  not  com- 
sider  this  deed  worthy  of  a  perfect  knight,  and  the  cbis- 
tisement  of  Courtenay's  TaunUng  to  be  just ;  but  the  ofi- 
nions  of  the  court  do  not  always  coincide  with  the  merit 
of  individuals.     The  duke  de  Bourgogne,  jealous  of  ibe 
glory  acquired  by  Clary  in  a  combat,  in  which  TrfcBMoiik. 
his  favourite  bad  been  defeated,  alleged,  that  to  dare  to 
prendre  unejoumie  without  the  king's  permission  was  aa 
unpardonable  crime;  and  to  such  a  pitch  did  he  carry  hb 
persecution  of  Clary,  that,  for  a  long  period,  the  latter 
concealed  himself,  as  though  he  had  been  a  traitor  to  Us 
country.'* 

COURTS,  PASSAGES,  ETC. 

Courts. — The  number  of  courts  in  Paris  is  consider- 
able,  but  there  are  few  whose  past  or  present  state  entillei 
them  to  notice.  The  cour  Batavc  has  been  already  i^ 
scribed.*     The  cours  det  Miracles ^  celebrated  in  the  se* 

*  See  p.  18. 


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COUa  DK8  HIEACLES.  299* 

renteenth  cenliiry,  were  90  called  in  consequence  of  being 
the  receptades  of  beggars  and  thieTes,  wbo,  apon  relorn- 
ing  to  these  haunts^  laid  aside  the  oostome  of  the  part 
which  they  played  in  public.  The  blind  received  their 
sight,  the  lame  walked,  and  the  maimed  were  made  whole. 
Of  these  courts,  which  were  numerous,  the  following  were 
the  most  remarkable: — The  eour  du  Rot  Francois  and 
the  caur  SainU  Catk^nne,  rue  Saint  Denis;  the  cour 
Bri$$^t  rue  de  la  llortellerie;  the  cour  Gmiten,  me  des 
"Coquilless  the  cow  de  la  Jussienne,  rue  de  la  Jossienne; 
the  cour  du  HarehiSaint^Honari,  near  the  rue  Saint 
Nicaise;  and  the  cown  des  Miracles,  rue  du  Bac,  rue  de 
Reuilly,  rue  des  Toumelles,  faubourg  Saint  Marcel,  and 
bntte  Saint  Roch. 

Themostoelebrated,  which  still  bears  the  name  otcourdes 
Miraelee,  has  its  entrance  in  the  rue  Neure-Saint-Sauyeur, 
and  is  situated  between  the  alley  de  T^toile  and  the  rues 
de  Damiette  and  des  Forges.  Sanval,  who  visited  the  spot, 
gives  the  following  description  of  it : — 

**  It  consbts  of  a  large  area,  and  a  stinking,  muddy,  ir- 
regular, unpaved  alley.  It  was  formerly  situated  at  the 
extremity  of  the  capital,  but  is  now  (under  Louis  XIV.)  in 
one  of  the  worst  built  and  dirtiest  quarters  of  Paris,  be- 
tween the  rue  Montoi^ueil,  the  convent  des  Filles  Dieu, 
and  the  rue  Neuve-Saint-Sauveur.  The  road  to  it  is  down 
narrow,  offensive,  filthy,  winding  streets ;  and  the  entrance 
is  by  a  crooked,  rugged  declivity.  I  have  visited  a  house 
there  built  of  mud-walls,  half  buried  in  the  ground,  not 
more  than  twenty-five  feet  square,  tottering  with  age  and 
decay,  which  was  nevertheless  occupied  by  more  than  fifty 
fanulies,  burthened  with  an  imm^e  number  of  legiti- 
mate, bastard,  or  stolen  children.  I  have  been  assured 
that,  in  this  small  wretched  hovel,  and  the  others  conti- 
guous to  it,  there  reside  more  than  five  hundred  large  fa- 


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300  counts: 

milies,  heaped,  as  it  were,  one  upon  another.  Ahhcmgh 
ihb  court  is  large,  it  was  much  more  spacious  fcrmeriy. 
On  every  side  it  was  surrounded  by  low,  dark,  mis-ahapea 
huts,  built  of  earth  and  mud,  and  all  filled  inth  depntied 
paupers/' 

Sauval  then  speaks  of  the  morals  of  those  who  dwdt 
there.     After  having  stated  that  neither  the  ccmuniataries 
nor  officers  of  police  could  enter  vrithout  receiving  bkrni 
aod  msult,  he  adds  : — ''  These  people  live  by  rohboy, 
and  fatten  in  idleness,  gluttony,  and  every  kind  of  vice  an' 
crime.  Unconcerned  about  the  future,  every  one  enjoptbe 
present  at  his  ease,  and  eats  in  the  evening  what  he  has, 
vfrith  great  difficulty,  and  frequently  with  heavy  blows,  gaiaeJ 
in  the  day;  for  what  b  elsewhere  termed  robbing,  is  here 
called  gaining;  besides,  it  is  one  of  the  fundamental 
laws  of  the  cour  des  Miracles  to  leave  nothing  for  the  aor- 
row.     Every  one  lives  in  the  grossest  licentionsaeas;  ftitb 
and  law,  baptism,  marriage,  and  sacrament  are  toiaOy  un- 
known.    It  is  true  they  seem  to  acknowledge  a  God,  and 
to  that  effect,  at  the  bottom  of  the  court,  there  b  placed, 
in  a  niche,  an  image  of  Crod  the  Father,  which  they  have 
stolen  from  some  church,    to  whom  they  daAy  oBv 
prayers !   Such  girls  and  women  as  are  the  least  ugly 
prostitute  themselves  for  money,  and  the  others  for  no- 
thing.** 

These  associations  of  thieves  had  their  own  laws,  aad  a 
particular  language,  called  Argot,  which  is  still  used  by  the 
inhabitanU  of  Bic^tre.  The  leader,  like  that  of  tbe  gyp- 
sies, bore  the  title  of  Coure.  The  other  classes  of  ths 
Argotic  kingdom  were  the  cagoux  and  archi-tuppcu  di 
t Argot,  the  orphelini,  the  marcandiers,  the  rifodis,  ^ 
malingreux  and  capons,  the  piitres,  the  polistoms,  the 
ftanes-miuux,  the  calloU,  the  sabouleux,  the  ik«UMS, 
the  coquillarts,  and  the  courtaux  dc  botuangc 


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COUR  DES  MIRACLES.  301 

The  cagauao  or  arehisuppots^  principal  oflQcers,  re- 
presented governors  of  proyinces^  and  •taught  noviciates 
the  art  of  making  an  ointment  to  produce  fictitious 
sores,  the  liEinguage  of  Argot,  feats  of  activity,  robhery, 
purse-cutting/  and  imposition.  It  appears  that  certain 
monks^  desirous  of  obtaining  reputation  for  their  relics, 
availed  themselves  of  these  men  to  work  pretended  mi- 
racles. "  I  can  declare/'  says  Sauval,  **  that  these 
wretched  paupers  con^^uted  to  the  support  of  several 
monks." — The  cagoux  genefally  consisted  of  licentious 
priests  and  scholars,  who  alone  were  exempt  from  pay- 
ing contributions  to  the  great  Goesre.f  They  went  out 
begging  in  the  departments  assigned  them  by  the  Goesre, 
and  counterfeited  maim»d  soldiers,  and  tradesmen  re- 
duced to  poverty  by  misfortune  or  robbery.  They  were 
also  called  narquois,  or  gens  dt  la  pHite  flambe,  or  gens 
de  la  courte  6p6e,  on  account  of  the  scissors  which  they 
carried  to  cut  purses. 

The  arphelins  were  boys  nearly  naked,  and  shivering 
vnth  cold,  who  traversed  the  streets  in  parties  of  three  or 
four.  • 

The  marcandiers  were  impostors  dressed  with  a  good 
doublet  and  old  shoes,  who  generally  went  out  in  parties 

^  In  the  reigA  of  Louis  XIY .  an  important  article  of  dress  was 
a  purse  suspended  from  the  waist,  as  scissors  and  pin-cushions  are 
still  worn  in  villages  both  of  England  and  France. 

t  In  a  collection  of  engraTings,  by  Boulonnois,  entitled,  Lhre 
des  Proverbes^  nontenant  la  Vie  des  Gueuxy  is  the  gi^eat  Coesre^ 
clothed  in  a  tattered  cloak  and  an  old  hat  adorned  with  shells, 
leaning  upon  a  knotty  dub  in  the  form  of  a  crutch,  seated  upon 
the  back  of  a  purse-cutter,  called  in  the  Argotic  language  miou  de 
bouUcy  and  receiving,  upon  this  kind  of  living  throne,  the  con- 
tributions of  his  subjects.  At  his  feet  is  a  basin  in  which  every  one 
deposits  his  offering,  called  in  that  language  cracker  au  bassin. 
The  archi'Suppoty  standing  upon  a  platform^  b  reading  and  cjplaijiing 
an  ordinance  of  the  great  Coesre. 


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302  COURTS. 

of  IwOy  and  declared  that  they  were  respectable  jpertoai 
mined  by  war,  fire»  or  other  accidents. 

The  rifodiip  accompanied  by  their  pretended  wiv«a  aad 
children,  b^ed  about  Paris,  shewing  a  certificate,  which 
set  forth  that  their  houses  and  all  their  property  had  h&m 
destroyed  by  lightning. 

The  tnalingrcux  were  those  who  feigned  indi^ottlioa. 
Some  counterfeited  dropsical  persons,  and  others  had  as 
arm  oi  a  leg  covered  with  factitious  ulcers. 

The  capatu  were  thieves  who  begged  in  the  wine  ihops, 
or  boys  who  played  upon  the  Pont  Neuf,  and  pretended  lo 
lose  their  money,  in  order  to  induce  the  persons  passing 
by  to  hazard  theirs. 

The  pUires  used  crutches,  pretending  to  be  lame. 

The  polissans  went  out  in  parties  of  four,  weartof  a 
good  doublet,  no  shirt,  a  hat  without  a  crown,  a  waUel  oo 
the  shoulder,  and  a  bottle  at  the  side. 

The  francs-miuux  had  a  dirty  handkerchief  boo&d 
round  the  head,  pretended  to  be  sick,  and  cooDlarfa'led 
swooning  so  naturally,  that  even  the  medical  men  who 
came  to  their  relief  were  deceived.    . 

The  catlau  feigned  to  have  come  from  Sainte  Beiae, 
where  they  had  been  miraculously  cured  of  the  itck 

The  sabouUux  pretended  to  have  fits.  They  fell  down  ii 
the  street,  and  with  a  piece  of  soap  in  the  )nouth,  imi- 
tated  the  foaming  which  is  a  symptom  of  epilepsy. 

The  hubains  shewed  a  certificate,  which  attested  thtt 
they  had  been  bitten  by  a  mad  dog,  and  healed  by  Saial 
Hubert,  in  answer  to  their  prayers. 

The  coquillaru  were  pilgrims  covered  with  sheDs,  re- 
turned, as  they  said,  fit>m  Saint  Jacques  or  Saint  ICcbeL 

The  eouriaux  de  bouiange  begged  and  robbed  ia  the 
winter  only. 

To  these  may  be  added  the  marpamU,  whose  wives  took 


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COUR  DBS  MIRACLES.  303 

ibe  title  of  marquise;  the  mUlards,  who  carried  a  large 
wallet;  and  the  drilles,  who  were  soldiers,  with  swords 
by  their  sides,  begging  alms. 

Such  was  the  association  of  thieves  and  beggars  which, 
for  several  centuries,  disquieted  the  inhabitants  of  Park; 
but  which  the  magistrates  never  attempted  to  dissolve. 
This  immoral  and  dangerous  henki,  so  far  from  exciting  the 
solicitude  and  indignation  of  the  court  of  Louis  XIV.,  be* 
came  an  object  of  amusement.  **  It  served,*'  says  Sau* 
val,  **  for  pastime  to  the  king,  and  formed  the  subject  of 
a  royal  ballet,  divided  into  four  parts, which  was  performed 
at  the  Theatre  du  Petit  Bourbon.  Never  were  the  sudden 
metamorphoses  of  those  impostors  more  happily  repre* 
sented.  Benserade  introduced  the  piece  by  some  very 
elegant  verses.  The  best  dancers  of  the  kingdom  figured 
as  the  porter  and  occupiers  of  the  cour  des  Miracles^  and 
so  amusing  were  the  serenade  and  postures,  that  all  the 
spectators  acknowledged  that  a  more  facetious  ballet  was 
never  acted." 

The  number  of  vagabonds  who  dwelt  in  the  eaurs  de$ 
Miracles^  having  augmented  to  forty  thousand,  it  was  de- 
termined, in  1656,  to  erect  a  general  hospital,*  in  whi<^ 
all  beggars  should  be  confined.  Those  called  bofispawvres 
went  there  willingly ;  others  were  conveyed  by  force ;  and 
the  thieves  departed  from  Paris,  but  they  left  numerous 
pupils  behind  them,  and  were  not  absent  long  ere  they  re- 
turned. 

In  1660,  robberies  and  assassinations  became'  as  fre- 
quent as  ever,  and  the  measures  adopted  against  be^ars 
and  vagabonds  were  found  isefficient.  In  1662,  upon  a 
requisition  of  the  procureur-general  of  the  Parlemeni, 
that  court  ordained  that  all  soldiers  not  under  the  com- 
mand of  a  captain,  all  vagabonds  wearing  swards,  and 
*  Sec  Hopitalde  ta  Salpetrikre,  Vol.  II.,  p.  327. 


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304  COURTS. 

all  beggars  not  nalives  of  Paris»  should  repair  lo  tbe^ 
respective  birth-places,  upon  pain  of  the  galleys  for  those 
who  were  sturdy,  of  whipping  and  branding  for  the  maim- 
ed, and  of  whipping  and  having  the  head  shaved  in  puhlic 
for  women. 

Dulaure  entertains  no  doubt  that  they  were  men  of  this 
class,  who,  in  1661,   assassinated  M.   de  la  Fautri^res, 
councillor  of  the  Parltment;  and,  in  166S,  carried  oK 
men,  women,  and  children,  whom  they  concealed,  aad 
afterwards  sold,  to  be  sent  to  America. 

The  Parisians  remained  in  continual  dread  of  these 
atrocious  depredators  till  1667.     Colbert,  who  had  iaSO^ 
duced  many  beneficial  innovations   into  the  public  ad- 
ministration, was  imitated.     The  king,  by  a  royal  edict, 
abolished  the  office  of  civil  lieutenant  of  the  pr6fM  of 
Paris,  which  comprehended  the  administration  of  jmtico 
and  the  execution  of  the  poUce,  and  created  two  dtslinci 
offices;  the  one,  that  of  civil  lieutenant  of  the  priv&i  «f 
Paris,  and  the  other,  that  of  lieutenant  of  the  pr6v6c  ef 
Paris  for  the  police.     The  latter  was  confided  to  M.  de  k 
Reynie,  who  established  a  much  more  rigorous  system  thaii 
had  previously  been  enforced,  and  adopted  varioos  effi- 
cient measures  for  the  security  of  the  capitaL 

In  1784,  the  Halle  ^  la  Marie  was  established  upon 
part  of  the  site  of  the  cour  des  Miracles. 

Passages. — There  are  in  Paris  several  passages  skirted 
with  shops,  similar  to  the  Burlington  Arcade  in  Piccadilly. 
Those  Aost  entitled  to  notice  are  the  Passage  des  Pam^- 
ramas,  the  Passage  Delorme,  the  Passage  {CArtots,  the 
Passage  Feydeau,  the  Passage  du  Caire,  and  the  Passage 
Montesquieu. 

Clos. — There  formerly  existed  in  Paris  and  the  eaviroBS 
a  great  number  of  enclosures,  known  by  the  name  ofcbi. 
vrhich  contained,  principally,  the  buildings  and  grounds 


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CHAMPS-CtOS.  305 

of  convents,  or  cuUivated  Iand»  which  it  was  necessary  to 
fence  against  the  ravages  to  which  they  were  continually 
exposed  through  civil  wars  and  the  rapacity  of  manorial 
lords.  These  enclosures  presenting  little  that  is  remark- 
able, we  shall  merely  enumerate  such  as  are  best  known. 
On  the  southern  bank  of  the  Seine  were  the  clos  Sdintc 
GenevUve,  Saint-Gerfnain-deS'-Pr^s,  Saint  Victor^  Saint 
Medard,  Saint  Marcel,  des  Fignts,  Saint  Sulpice,  Figne- 
rai,  Saint-J^tienne^des-Gris,  de  Mauvoisin,  de  Garlande, 
CJ^vdque,  du  Chardannet,  Bruneau,  Saint  Sjmphorien, 
TjTcn,  des  Arines,  du  Roi,  des  Mureaux,  des  Bour- 
geoia,  des  Jacobins,  desPoteries,  Draperet,  and  Entecke- 
litre.  There  was  also  a  vast  tract  of  land  called  terrt 
d^Alez,  which  signifies  boundary  ground. 

On  the  northern  bank  were  the  clos  Saint  Gervais, 
Saint  Bloi,  Margot  du  Temple,  Saint  Martin,  Saint 
Merry,  Saint  Magloire,  de  Malevart,  Georgeau,  Gautier, 
and  du  Hallier.  There  were  also  three  extensive  tracts 
of  lund  called  la  Grtve,  les  Champeaux,  and  les  Grands 
Marais.  The  first  extended  along  the  river,  the  second 
occupied  the  space  upon  which  the  halles  and  several  ad- 
jacent streets  have  been  formed,  and  the  third  was  an  im- 
mense marsh  between  Paris  and  Montmartre,  extending 
from  the  rue  Saint  Antoine  to  beyond  the  village  of  Ghail- 
lot.  This  marsh,  watered  by  the  rivulet  of  M^nilmontant, 
and  the  rains  which  descended  upon  it  from  Paris,  was 
ceded,  in  115&,  to  diflferent  individuals  by  the  canons  of 
Sainte  Opportune,  at  the  rate  of  twelve  deniers  per  acre. 

Champ-glos. — Many  of  the  monasteries  had  attached  to 
them  lists,  where  trials  by  battle  were  decided;  the  van- 
quished party  lost  his  cause,  and  was  sentenced  to  a  severe 
punishment.  This  barbarous  custom,  which  originated  in 
the  forests  of  Germany,  was  denominated  c/tamp-c(af,ii(fie/, 

VOL.  III.  V 


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306  CQAJfPS-CLOS. 

combat  judiciaire,  gag$  de  baimiUe,  and  eren  j 
de  Dicu;  il  was  introduced  into  Burgundy  in  the 
century.  Haying  fallen  into  deiuelude»  it  was  renencd  it 
601,  by  a  law  of  Gondebaud,  king  of  thai  coantrj.  Afi- 
tus,  bishop  of  Yienne,  and  Agobard,  bishc^  of  Lyiai» 
made  several  rigorous  but  unsuccessful  efforts  to  abniifc 
this  degrading  institution.  Towards  the  latter  ttipm  «f 
the  kings  of  the  second  race  it  prevailed  more  citaosiidy, 
and  in  the  earliest  reigns  of  the  third  race  was  geaeralij 
established  in  GauL 

The  monks  of  Saint  Denis  were  the  first  in  the  noniky 
of  the  capital  who  solicited  for  their  manors  the  establish- 
ment of  trial  by  battle.  King  Robert,  by  a  decree  of  the 
year  1008,  granted  them  without  hesitation  this  iniquitos* 
prerogative.* 

The  monks  of  Saint-Germain-des-Pr&  were  aAerwards 
put  in  possession  of  this  imaginary  privilege,  f 

In  1100,  the  canons  of  Notre  Dame  obtained  the  same 
prerogative  {bcUandi  Ucentiatn)  of  Louis  VL 

These  absurd  privileges'were  confirmed  in  1113  by  pope 
Pascal  11.,  and,  in  1118,  were  extended  to  the  abbey  of 
Saint-Maur-des-Foss^  and  several  other  convents.  In  a 
short  time  all  classes  of  society  were  subjected  to  this 
atrocious  jurisprudence.'  Old  men»  women,  and  soch  per- 
sons as  were  rich,  obtained  champions,  who,  for  hire, 
exposed  themselves  to  be  wounded,  and,  if  vanquished,  lo 
lose  a  hand  or  foot,  or  to  be  hanged.  The  imbiiasliri 
themselves  did  not  hesitate  to  enter  the  lists,  and 
distiiiguished  themselves  by  their  courage  or 

*  The  foDowiog  are  the  terms  in  which  this  grant  wi 

*»  Damus  Deo  et  Saneto  Dionjsio legem  duelli, 

dkitur  campus.'*  RoberU  Ilegis  diplomata ;  Rcataidt$\ 
tic  France^  torn.  X.,  p.  591. 

t  Sec  Vol.  I,  p.  218. 


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CHAMPS  ELTSl&ES.  307 

<ieoffroi  de  Venddme  raenUons,  that,  in  his  time,  there 
was  a  trial  by  battle  between  a  BAonk  and  a  canon. 

SoDEietimes  it  happened  that  a  party  could  challenge 
not  only  the  adverse  party,  but  likewise  all  the  witnesses 
and  even  the  judges,  and  fight  with  them  in  succession. 
This  was  done,  when  a  person  objected  to  the  whole  of 
the  proceedings,  or,  as  it  was  then  said,  fau8$ait  la  eour. 

This  barbarous  practice  continued  in  vigour  in  the  four- 
teenth century.  On  the  29th  of  December, ''1386,  in 
virtue  of  the  authority  of  the  Parlement,  a  battle  took 
place  between  Jacques  Legris  and  Jean  Garrouges,  in 
which  the  vanquished  party,  condemned  by  this  brutal 
jurisprudence,  was  afterwards  proved  to  be  innocent. 

The  champ-clot  of  the  abbey  of  Saint-Germain-des- 
Pr6s  was,  a  celebrated  spot,  particularly  as  it  was  not  con- 
fined to  persons  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  abbey,  but 
was  open  to  all  who  would  pay  for  the  use  of  it.  It  was  in' 
this  enclosure  that  Gharles-le-Mauvais,  king  of  Navarre, 
addressed  a  vast  multitude,  in  November,  1857,  during 
the  captivity  of  king  John.     In  his  address  he  declared 
his  own  innocence  and  the  injustice  of  his  enemies;  and 
described  the  horrors  of  his  imprisonment  in  such  pa- 
thetic terms,  that  the  auditors  wept ;  he  then  drew  a  pic- 
ture of  the  misfortunes  of  the  state,  and  pointed  out  the 
persons  who  were  the  authors  of  them.     The  privdt  des 
wnarchands,  accompanied  by  his  principal  partisans,  went 
to  the  palace,  and  besought  the  dauphin,  in  the  name  of 
the  states,  to  be  reconciled  to  the  king  of  Navarre,  and  to 
restore  his  property,  which  had  been  confiscated.     The 
daaphin,  as  usual,  consented  to  every  thing,  and  Gharles- 
le«>Mauvais,  contented  with  his  success,  departed  fi'om 
Parid  for  Normandy. 

Champs  ^Lvsiss.  — This  tract  of  ground;  which  is  now 
laid  out  in  agreeable  walks,  was  formerly  covered  with 


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308  CHAMPS   ilTSiES. 

small,  irrognUr  and  detached  lioiiies*  titoaled  in  ibe  ■adit 
of  gardens,  meadows,  and  arable  land.  In  the  ytmr  IMA. 
the  qoeenHnotber,  Marie  de  MMiois,  having  pnrrhawd 
part  of  the  ground,  hadfonr  rows  of  trees  planted  so  at  te 
form  three  roads,  which  were  closed  at  theextremitiea  with 
iron  gates.  This  plantation  being  intended  cmchisifrfj 
for  that  princess  and  her  court,  when  she  wished  to  lab 
an  airing  in  her  carriage,  it  assumed  the  name  «f  omvv  Is 
Beine,  which  it  still  retains.  This  driye  extends  doag  the 
hank  ot  the  Seine,  from  which  it  is  sqiarated  by  the  hig^ 
road  leading  to  Versailles.  On  the  other  side  it  was  H- 
Tided  by  ditches  from  a  plain,  with  which  a  coannBiea- 
tion  was  formed  by  a  small  stone  bridge.  In  1070,  this 
plain,  which  extended  to  the  Tillage  of  Roole,  waa,  by 
order  of  Colbert,  planted  with  trees,  forming  sereral  walks 
interspersed  with  grass  plats.  The  new  promenade  was  at 
first  called  (e  Cfwuf  C<mrf,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  eavrs 
la  Seine ;  but  a  few  years  after  it  was  named  Ckmmfi 
ifytiee.  Madame  de  Pompadour,  having  become  proprio- 
tor  of  the  hotel  now  called  Palais  de  CJ^ipie  BewLrkwrn, 
complained  to  the  marquis  de  Harigny,  superinleodant  of 
the  royal  buildings,  that  the  trees  intercepted  her  view  of 
the  road;  in  consequence  of  which  Colbert's  plant iIim 
was  cut  down.  Madame  de  Pompadour  dying  on  the  iSth 
of  April,  1764,  the  ground  was  replanted  in  the  same 
year ;  several  alleys,  squares,  and  circles  were  foimaA, 
apd  reitautanti  and  cafie  erected.  '  At  the  same  time,  in 
order  to  render  the  point  of  view  from  the  palace  et  thn 
Tuileries  more  extensive,  the  ascent  near  the 
r^toile  was  lowered,  and  the  road  reduced  to  its  ; 
gentle  slope. 

The  Champs  J&lys^  are  bounded  on  the  north  by  tW 
faubourg  Saint  Honor^;  on  the  south  by  the  Co«rs  la 
Reioe;  on  the  east  by  the  Place  Louis  XV.,  and  on  ikt 


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CHAMPS  itYSiES.  809 

ym&%  by  Cbaillot  and  the  faubourg  du  Roule.  Their  length, 
from  Uie  Place  Louis.  XY.  to  the  £toile  at  the  opposite 
extremity,  is  about  nine  hundred  and  fifty  yards;  their 
breadth  at  the  eastern  boundary  is  three  hundred  and 
seventy-three  yards,  and  at  the  western  seven  hundred 
yards.  They  are  divided  by  the  Neuilly  road,  the  axis  of 
whiclr  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  grand  walk  of  the  garden 
of  the  Tuileries.  This  road,  planted  with  trees,  which 
form  double  walks  on  each  side,  is  prolonged  in  a  straight 
line  to  the  barrier,  and  from  thence  to  the  bridge  of 
Neuilly.  The  entrance  to  Paris  by  the  Champs  £lystes 
is  unequalled  by  any  city  in  Europe.  In  1723,  the  cour$ 
la  Bdne  wa§  re-planted  by  order  of  the  duke  d'Antin, 
superintendant  of  the  royal  buildings. 

At  the  entrance  of  the  Champs  tljsAts  from  the  place 
Louis  Xy.,  are  two  lofty  pedestals  surmounted  by  groups 
in  marble,  by  Coustou,  junior,  each  representing  a  restive 
horse  checked  by  a  groom.  These  groups,  the  figures  of 
which  are  colossal,  correspond  with  two  marble  horses  at 
d^e  western  entrance  of  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries,  but 
in  execution  are  very  superior  to  them.  In  1745,  the 
former  were  placed  on  each  side  of  the  watering-place  at 
Marly,  from  whence  they  were  removed  to  Paris,  in  1794, 
upon  a  waggon  constructed  on  purpose,  which  is  still  pre- 
served as  a  curiosity  at  the  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Me- 
tiers. 

In  1814,  a  Cossack  camp  was  established  in  the  Champs 
£|ys^;  and  in  1816,  the  English  encamped  there. 

During  the  winter  of  1818,  the  walks  of  the  Champs 
£|ys6es  were  improved,  several  trees  were  felled  to  procure 
openings,  and  some  young  trees  planted,  as  a  consider- 
able number  had  been  destroyed  during  the  period  of  the 
camps. 

From  1777  to  1780,  the  Champs  £lys^s  was  the  most 


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310  CHAMPS  iLTsiss. 

iafthionable  promenade  in  Pam»  being  the  retort  of  the 
iDOtt  beautiful  and  elegantly  dressed  ladiei  of  the 
A  solitary  avenue  was  called  alUe  du  Feuve$,  in 
quence  of  its  being  thronged  in  the  aAemoon  by  the  < 
riages  of  rich  widows*  who  sought,  at  the  same  tane,  la 
take  the  air  and  assuage  their  grief.  At  that  period  m 
widow  ventured  to  appear  in  deqi  mourning  in  the  pobBc 
walks.  At  present*  the  alUc  de$  Veavu  b  deserted;  tha 
Parinan  widows  support  their  bereavement  with  greater 
cheerfiilness;  and  it  js  far  from  uncommon  to  see  the 
crape  and  weepers  of  dowagers  associated,  at  the  Opera, 
with  plumes  and  diamonds.  That  part  of  the  Chaafs 
£lys6es  to  the  right  on  entering  from  the  Mace  Loda  XV., 
is  more  particularly  devoted  to  the  promenade*  On  the 
left  are  players  at  bowls,  skittles,  balls,  etc. 

On  the  i6th  of  Juno,  1717,  the  czar  Peter,  accompa- 
nied by  the  duke  of  Orleans,  regent,  reviewed  in  the 
Champs  £lys6es  all  the  cavalry  and  infantry  of  the  king*s 
household  troops,  which  were  drawn  up  in  Imes,  an4  weoi 
through  their  manoeuvres  separately;  they  afterwards 
combined,  and  performed  various  evolutions. 

Upon  Louis  XVI.  accepting  the  ConstitntioB,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1791,  his  majesty  gave  a 'splendid  ftte*  in  the 
garden  of  the  Tuileries  and  the  Champs  filysAes ;  afl  the 
walks  and  avenues  were  illuminated,  and  in  the  difcreaft 
areas  were  rope-dancers,  jugglers,  buffoons,  orchestras  tut 
dances,  and  stages  for  dramatic  representations.  Eight 
days  after,  the  city  gave  to  the  king  a  fSte,  consisting  of 
nearly  the  same  amusements. 

*  The  first  public  f^e  celebrated  in  Puis  took  pbce  m  1187,  m 
honour  of  the  birth  of  a  son  to  Philip  Angustos.    TW  i 
continued  seven  successiTe  days,  and  the  streets  were 
with  wax  tapers,  which  were  so  numerous  that,  according  to  1 
the  light  exceeded  that  of  day. 


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CHAMPS  ELTSEfiS.  311 

Under  the  reTolutionary  goTernment  no  Utes  were  given 
in  the  Champs  filys^;  but,  after  the  constitution  of  the 
year  III.,  the  Directory  chose  that  spot  for  the  celebration 
of  national  festiyak.  It  wa^  here  that  the  conquerors » 
who  obtained  prices  in  the  exercises  of  the  Champ  de 
'  Mars,  were  conducted  in  triumphal  cars :  places  were  set 
*  apart  for  them;  and,  after  a  concert  of  vocal  and  instru- 
'  mental  music,  executed  by  the  performers  of  the  different 
'  theatres  and  the  Conservatoire  de  Musique,  a  brilliant  as- 
semblage of  fire-works  was  discharged^  and  the  i%te  con- 
cluded with  dancing. 

Under  the  reign  of  Napoleon »  the  distribution  of  wine 
and  provisions  was  adopted  at  public  rejoicings.  The  latter 
consbted  of  turkeys,  geese,  ducks,  chickens,  legs  of  mut- 
ton, pieces  of  veal,  and  sausages,  with  loaves  of  bread,  for 
which  tickets  Were  drawn  in  the  various  public  places 
where  the  distribution  was  made.  The  drawing  took  place 
in  the  presence  of  commissaries  of  police  mounted  upon 
platforms,  who  announced  the  prizes  to  which  the  different 
individuak  were  entitled  by  the  tickets  drawn.  This  mode 
of  distribution  possessed  the  advantage  of  preventing  the 
quarrels  and  blows  which  usually  occur  upon  such  occa- 
sions. 

Since  the  restoration,  the  public  fiStes  have  been  held  in 
the  Champs  £lys6es;  but  the  present  mode  of  distribution 
is  by  throwing  provisions  among  the  populace.  Parties, 
formed  of  the  lowest  order  of  the  working  classes,  con- 
trive to  obtain  the  greater  part  of  the  articles  distributed. 
They  have  generally  an  understanding  with  the  distribu- 
tors, who  throw  the  provisions  in  a  certain  direction,  whilst 
a  party  forms  a  chain  which  nothing  can  break  through. 
From  hence  it  results,  that  the  distribution  intended  for 
the  public  becomes  the  prey  of  a  few  individuals.  It 
is  the  same  with  the  wine.     A  party,  who  have  prc- 


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312  CHAMPS  ELTSEE8. 

▼iouily  made  tfieir  arrangemenl,  bring  buckeU, 
they  get  filled,  and  then  empty  them  into  a  bafrel 
placed  near  at  hand.  When  the  distribution  is  finithfHJ, 
they  proceed  to  a  guingueUe,  where  they  meet  their 
comrades  who  obtained  the  prorisions*  The  spoils  are 
then  placed  upon  a  table,  the  numerous  guests  gather 
around,  and  a  truly  Bacchanalian  frolic  ensues.  The 
exploits  of  the  day  are  related;  the  whole  neighbourlM»od 
is  assailed  with  their  cries  and  shouts;  and  rery  freqocallj 
the  merry  meeting  is  terminated  by  quarrels  and  blood- 
shed. 

An  annual  promenade,  denominated  Lonekmmf^ 
which  takes  place  in  the  Champs  filys6es  and  the  Bob  de 
Boulogne  on  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and  Friday  of  Fbs- 
sion  Week,  originated  in  the  following  manner : — b  the 
Bois  de  Boulogne,  an  abbey,  named  Abhtiye  ds  Lm^ 
ekamps,  was  founded,  in  1261,  by  Isabella  of  France, 
sister  of  Saint  Louis.  This  abbey  attracted  little 
till  towards  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
the  melodious  yoices  of  some  of  the  nuns  excited  the  at- 
tention of  amateurs.  The  church  of  the  abbey  bfcanwi 
frequented,  and  on  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and  Friday  off 
Passion  Week,  it  was  the  resort  of  the  fashionable  cirdas. 
The  attendants  were  dressed  in  the  most  splendid  attire, 
and  as  the  collections  made  were  very  considerable,  and 
it  was  supposed  they  might  be  still  augmented,  the  prin- 
cipal singers  of  the  Opera- House  were  solicited  to  lead 
their  aid  in  chaunting  the  lamentations  and  iemekrm  of 
Passion  Week.  When  the  empire  of  fine  voioes  had 
passed  away,  the  church  of  Lonchamps  was  deaeHed, 
but  the  Parisians  still  flocked  to  the  Bois  de  Boulogne, 
where  the  haut  ion  displayed  their  costly  attire  and  if  km 
did  equipages. 

The  celebrated  actress  Mademoiselle  Dulh^,  who  was 


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PIMIME  DE  GRENKLLS^  343 

Ibe  mUlress  of  an  ambassador^  went  to  Lonchamps  in  a 
carriage  upon  which  the  armorial  bearings  of  her  lover 
M^re  richly  emblazoned ;  the  coachman  and  footmen  wore 
his  livery,  and  the  harness  was  studded  with  stones  re^ 
sembling  diamonds.  The  beauty  of  Mademoiselle  Dulh^, 
and  the  splendour  of  her  equipage,  excited  general  admi- 
ration; but  some  envious  duchesses  and  dowagers  of  in- 
fluence at  court  had  determined  to  mortify  her.  Upon 
reaching  the  barrier,  she  received  orders  from  the  police 
to  return  to  Paris,  and  her  return  was  the  signal  for 
hooting  and  insults,  which  were  poured  upon  her  from 
every  quarter.  This  lady,  whose  extravagance  was  car- 
ried to  such  a  pitch,  that  her  close-stool  was  ornamented 
with  foreign  lace,  died  in  the  most  abject  wretchedness. 

After  the  18th  Brumaire,  the  promenade  of  Lon- 
champs  was  resumed,  notwithstanding  the  abbey  had  been 
destroyed.  During  the  first  three  or  four  years^  many 
hackney-coaches,  and  a  few  carriages  of  upstarts,  being 
observed  in  the  drive,  they  did  not  escape  the  malignity  of 
the  populace,  who  assembled  at  the  barrier,  and  sent  a 
broadside  of  epigramd  at  themes  they  passed.  The  number 
of  equipages  seen  at  Lonchamps  is  very  considerable,  but 
they  are  mean  in  appearance  when  compared  with  those  of 
the  drive  in  Ilyde  Park  on  a  Sunday  in  summer.  The  car- 
riages proceed  at  a  foot  pace  up  the  road  on  one  side,  and 
down  on  the  other ;  the  ceolre  is  reserved  for  carriages  and 
four,  royal  carriages,  and  those  of  the  king's  ministers,  the 
great  ofiicers  of  state,  foreign  ambassadors,  and  other  high 
personages. 

Champ  de  BIabs. — {See  Vol.  II.,  page  176.) 

Plainb  db  Gbbnblle. — ^This  plain  extends  upon  the  left 
bank  of  the  Seine,  between  the  river,  Issy,  and  Yaugi- 
rard. 

The  hamlet  of  Grenelle  consists  of  a  few  houses  and  an 


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3  i  4  PLAniiB  01  GumiLUE. 

old  chateau,  near  which  is  the  gunpowder  mannlactory  it 
celebrated  at  the  revolution*  Established  at  a  period  whet 
the  combined  forces  of  Europe  menaced  the  repnbfic,  lie 
nianufactory  of  Crenelle  furnished  gunpowder  for  tlie  hh 
mense  number  of  volunteers  who  united  for  the  dekmot 
of  the  frontiers.     The  chemist  ChaptaU  whom  the  repab- 
Hcaa  government  had  placed  at  the  head  of  this  estabfiib- 
ment»  succeeded,  by  a  new  application  of  cheouatrf.  im 
fabricating  an  immense  quantity  of  gunpowder.   Wsggoa- 
loads  were  daily  sent  off  to  the  fortresses  and  traops;  and 
the  manu&ctory  of  Crenelle  was  regarded  as  mie  of  the 
ramparts  of  the  republic. 

Want  of  precaution  in  an  establishment  of  aoch  hifh 
importance  occasioned  a  terrible  explosion  on  the  Slst  «f 
August,  1704.  The  shock  was  so  violent,  that  it  wss  fish 
)oT  several  leagues  round;  and  the  inhabitants  of  dke  ca- 
pital and  environs  were  thrown  into  the  greatest  terror. 
Fortunately  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  tfiomand 
pounds  weight  of  gunpowder  had  been  sent  off  fer  the 
frontiers  on  the  two  preceding  days.  If  the  maal  slock 
had  been  upon  the  premises,  it  is' probable  thai  Wris 
would  have  been  nearly  destroyed.  Most  of  the  adjaceil 
villages  had  their  houses  shaken  down;  and  at  Piaris,  A- 
most  all  the  public  buildings  and  private  houses  had  their 
doors  and  windows  broken.  The  explosion  took  place  at 
about  seven  o'clock  in  the  moaning,  at  which  boor  aost 
of  the  workmen  were  absent.  But,  notwithstanding  Ikei 
circumstance,  the  number  of  victims  was  very  great,  balh 
in  the  manufactory  and  in  the  adjacent  villages,  where  the 
houses  foiling,  killed  whole  famUies.  The  number  was 
never  known,  but  it  may  be  judged  to  have  been  fwy 
considerable  from  the  measures  adopted  on  the  fioDowiaig 
day  by  the  Convention.  Upon  the  proposition  of  IL  ft»- 
ger  Duces,  one  of  its  members,  the  Convention 


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CLAIMS  DB  GRKNBLLE.  315 

that  the  most  strict  search  should  be  made  for  the  Ticthns 
of  the  explosion;  that  the  widows  of  such  citizens  as  had 
been  killed  should  receive  800  liyres,  besides  100  lirres 
for  each  of  their  children;  that  such  children  as  had  be- 
come orphans  should  receire  200  liVres;  that  wounded 
citizens,  without  wives  and  children,  should  liave  each 
800  Uvres ;  and  such  as  had  wives  and  children,  600 
livres,  and  should  also  receive  medical  treatment  in  the 
hospitals  at  the  expense  of  the  republic.  On  the  29th  of 
September  following,  the  Convention  bsued  another  de- 
cree, concerning  measures  to  be  adopted  in  order  to  as- 
certain what  persons  unfortunately  perished.  A  spark, 
occasioned  by  the  nails  in  the  shoes  of  a  workman,  was 
most  probably  the  cause  of  the  explosion,  but,  at  the 
time,  the  public  attributed  it  to  a  desire  of  taking  from 
the  republic  its  strongest  support,  and  depriving  the 
French  armies  of  the  means  of  repelling  the  attack  of 
foreign  nations.  However  it  may  be,  the  affair  was  soon 
thought  no  more  of;  in  a  feW  months  the  buildings  were 
repaired,  and  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder  experienced 
but  a  short  interruption. 

In  1796,  the  Directory,  who  had  but  too  much  cause 
for  apprehension,  established  for  their  security  a  camp 
in  the  plaine  de  Crenelle.  The  terrorists  and  the  royalists 
united  together  by  hatred  to  the  Directory,  and  determin  - 
ing  to  destroy  it,  beheld  with  disquietude  the  establish- 
ment of  this  cafbp,  which  formed  an  obstacle  to  their  pro- 
jects of  vengeance  and  subversion.  Vaugirard  was  the 
place  where  these  parties  met ;  and  an  inn,  having  the 
sign  of  the  SoUU  d^Or,  served  for  their  rendezvous.*  At 
this  place  they  assembled  in  the  night  of  September  9, 
1796;  and  having  provided  themselves  with  arms  of  every 
kind,  marched  upon  the  camp  in  the  plaine  de  Crenelle. 
At  first  they  aimed  to  gain  the  soldiers  over  to  their  side; 


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316  PLAINS  DK  MONT-EOUfiS. 

but  finding  them  firm»  they  made  an  attack,  and»  figr  a 
short  time»  bad  the  advantage,  the  mate  of  the  troop 
being  locked  in  sleep.  The  discharge  of  nrasketa  haviag 
given  the  alarm,  the  regiments  of  the  camp  flew  to  aii, 
and  scattered  the  adverse  party,  who  relied  solely  ofas 
surprise  or  corruption.  Being  repulsed,  they  fisU  beck 
upon  Yaugirard,  and  entrenched  themselves  beUad  tha 
walls  and  gardens;  but  being  again  vigorously  attacked, 
they  took  to  flight,  leaving  one  hundred  prisoners  m  Che 
hands  of  the  republican  soldiers,  under  the  coomaad  of 
general  Foissac  Latour.  The  prisoners  were  cooveyed  te 
the  £cole  Militbire,  and  tried  by  a  court-nuutial,  when 
some  were  condemned  to  death,  and  others  to  transporta- 
tion. Upon  searchmg  the  SoUil  d!Or,  a  discovery  was 
made  of  a  great  number  of  pistols,  sabres,  sword-canes, 
poniards,  double-bladed  knives,  etc. 

The  plaine  de  Crenelle  has  long  been  the  place  whue 
capital  sentences  pronounced  by  the  courts-martial  of  the 
first  military  division  are  carried  into  execution,  lil'hen 
the  rumour  that  a  soldier  is  to  be  shot  is  spread  at  Puis* 
multitudes  flock  from  all  parts  of  the  capital  to  witness 
the  execution,  and  the  mariu  on  the  wall  near  the 
barrier  de  Yaugirard  bear  witness  of  the  number  thus  £s- 
posed  of  within  the  last  twenty  years. 

Plaine  db  Mont-rougb. — ^This  plain  is  separated  by  the 
river  Bifevre  from  the  plaine  d'lvry,  and  principally  con* 
suts  of  corn-fields  and  vineyards. 

On  the  2d  of  July,  1816,  after  the  defeat  at  \Vttta4oe, 
the  French  troops,  which  occupied  the  right  benk  of  the 
Seine,  having  crossed  the  river  in  the  night,  encamped  in 
the  plaine  de  Mont-rouge  and  the  plaine  de  Yaugirard.  Ae 
army  expected  that  a  decisive  action  would  have  been  fcighi 
under  the  walls  of  P^ris;  but,  upon  this  occasion,  the 
sentiments  of  the  troops  were  not  put  to  the  test»  aeow 


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PLimE  D£  YAUGIBARO.  31 7 

skirmishing  about  bsy  being  all  that  took  place/ in  conse- 
quence of  the  convention  of  Saint  Cloud.  On  the  fol- 
lowing day  they  quitted  their  positions  to  march  beyond 
the  Loire. 

Plaikb  dbYaucirard. — Thb  plain  is  almost  entirely  de- 
voted to  what  is  called  la  petiu  culture.  The  greater  part 
is  laid  out  in  gardens,  and  the  rest  forms  corn-fields  and 
meadows.  In  this  plain  are  kept  a  great  number  of  cows> 
whose  milk  is  daily  brought  to  Paris  for  sale. 

Plains  d*Ivbt. — This  extensive  tract  of  land,  under  the 
walls  of  the  capital,  is  laid  out  chiefly  in  cornfields  and 
pasturage. 

Pabg  db  Mougbaux. -^This  is  the  only  park  in  Paris. 
The  hamlet  of  the  same  name  is  mentioned  as  early  as 
1363,  when  Guy  de  Mouceaux  was  abbot  of  Saint  Denis. 
In  this  park  an  edifice  was  built  in  1778,  under  the  di- 
rection of  M.  Carmontel,  for  the  late  duke  of  Orleans, 
then  duke  de  Ghartres.  That  prince  expended  such  enor- 
mous sums  to  embellish  this  mansion,  that,  before  the  re- 
volution, it  was  called  Us  Folies  de  Chartres.  The  park 
is  planted  in  the  rural  style.  Dulaure,  in  speaking  of  the 
garden,  says,  **  there  may  be  found  whatever  embellish- 
ment the  imagination  can  give  birth  to ;  Gothic  grottoes, 
Greek  ruins,  superb  peristyles,  baths  adorned  with  statues, 
Egyptian  obelisks,  and  Turkish  turrets ;  all  these  magnifi- 
cent objects  form  a  striking  contrast  to  the  rural  simpli> 
city  of  the  fields,  hillocks,  thickets,  vineyards,  rocks, 
winding  rivulets,  cottages,  and  clusters  of  trees,  which 
present  a  most  enchanting  landscape." 

The  ehhi  Delill^,  in  his  poem,  when  speaking  of  the 

gardens  whose  verdure  is  preserved  by  art,  even  in  thq 

time  of  frost,  cites  Mouceaux  as  an  example : — 

Ten  atleste,  6  Mouceaux,  tes  jardins  tou jours  verts, 
L^,  des  arbres  absens,  les  tiges  imitto, 


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318  B0I8  DB  lOIJtOGIII. 

Lt5  maguiiies  bercetuz,  les  grotUt  encfamtict. 
Tout  yous  charme  k  U  fois.    Ui,  braTant  let  i 
La  rose  apprend  &  naltre  au  miliea  det  ^Uooos ; 
£t  les  temps,  les  dimats,  Taincos  par  des  prodigeav 
Semblent  de  b  f  toie  ^puiser  les  prestiges. 

On  the  10th  Floreal,  an  IL  (May,  17M),  the  NatioMl 
Convention  decreed  that  Mouceaoz  should  not  be  toy, 
but  presenred  for  divers  establishments  of  pobDc  otflkj. 
Bonaparte,  at  his  accession  to  the  throne,  presealed  it  to 
the  arch-chancellor  Gambac^res;  but  the  latter,  findng 
that,  to  keep  it  up,  an  immense  expense  was  occauofd, 
restored  it  to  the  donor  four  or  five  years  afterwards.  Na- 
poleon then  annexed  Mouceaux  to  his  private  domains, 
and  upon  his  fall,  in  1814,  the  king  restored  it  to  the  pre- 
sent duke  of  Orleans.  A  ramification  of  the  canal  de 
rOurcq  is  now  opening  in  the  park  to  convey  water  to  the 
abattoir  du  Roule. 

Bois  DE  BovLOGNB.  — This  wood  bears  the  name  of  a 
village  to  which  it  is  contiguous.  It  was  originaOy  called 
BoU  de  Rauvrajr,  or  Garenne  de  Rouvm^,  and  was  amcli 
more  considerable  than  at  present.  The  kings  of  the  fint 
race,  when  they  dwelt  in  the  palace  of  Glichy,  were  ac- 
customed to  take  sporting  excursions  in  this  wood.  Froai 
its  vicinity  to  Saint  Gloyd  it  was  afterwards  called  Bw 
dt  Saint  Cloud.  In  1417,  we  find  the  name  Boi^  4m  Bom^ 
logne  employed  for  the  fiVst  time  ;  and  in  the  Joomal  af 
Charles  YI.  it  is  recorded  that  the  May,  planted  aiiwiaij 
at  the  gate  of  the  king's  hotel,  was  felled  in  the  Bcis  ds 
Boulogne.  Nevertheless,  in  1^8  and  1465,  the  name  af 
RouvTajy99L%  still  used.  In  1668,  we  again  meet  with  tha 
expression  BoU  de  SaifU  Cloud ;  for  the  Chronides  «f 
Saint  Denis  relate,  that,  on  the  21st  of  July  of  that  jear, 
some  Englishmen,  who  had  lain  in  ambosh  in  the  Bois  de 
Saint  Cloud,  made  a  sudden  sally  upon  the  Parisaans,  and 
killed  several  of  them. 


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BOIS  D£  BOULOGNE.  319 

Charles  IX.  had  a  palace  or  country-seat  m  the  BoU  de 
Boulogne^  and  hence  we  find  several  decrees  of  that  prince 
dated  from  the  Chdieau  de  Boulogfu  Us  Paris.  Fran- 
cis I.  built  a  chateau  there,  upon  the  model  of  that  at  lla- 
drid»  in  Spain,  where  he  remained  a  prisoner  after  the 
battle  of  Pavia.  This  palace,  which  was  called  k  Chdieau 
dc  Madrid,  was  embellished  by  several  of  his  royal  suc- 
cessors; but  Louis  XIV.  abandoned  it,  and  at  the  revolu*- 
lion  it  was  destroyed.  A  neat  house,  occupied  by  a  restaur 
raieur,  has  been  erected  near  the  spot.  Bagatelle,  a  small 
but  elegant  country-house  in  the  Bob  de  Boulogne,  for^ 
merly  occupied  by  Mademoiselle  de  Gharolois,  was  pur- 
chased and  rebuilt  by  Moksibur,  count  d*Artois,  who  had 
the  following  characteristic  inscription  placed  over  the 
entrance : — Parva,  sed  apta.  This  mansion  was  long  called 
Folie  d^Artois^  on  account  of  the  vast  sums  expended  on 
it.  Its  situation,  and  the  landscape  around  it,  are  ad- 
mirable; and  seldom  has  so  much  convenience,  simplicity, 
and  elegance  been  combined  in  so  small  a  compass.  The 
count  d'Artois  presented  Bagatelle  to  his  late  royal  highness 
the  duke  of  Berry. 

Before  the  revolution,  this  wood  presented  few  trees 
that  were  not  stunted,  and  dying  with  age;  in  some  spots, 
where  the  soil  was  richer  than  the  rest,  they  retained  their 
verdure.  The  revolutionary  axe  rendered  it  still  more 
naked  and  sterile ;  and  the  greater  part  of  those  it  spared 
were  felled  to  make  palisades  for  the  barriers  of  Paris  at 
the  approach  of  the  allied  armies  in  1814. 

In  July,  .1815,  after  the  capitulation  of  Paris,  the 
British  troops,  under  the  command  of  the  duke  of 
Wellington,  establbhed  their  camp  in  the  Bois  de  Bou- 
logne. To  coDstruct  huts,  they  cut  down  many  of  the 
trees,  and  a  kind  of  town,  formed  of  foliage,  succeeded  to 
luxuriant  and  verdant  groves.    Streets,  named  after  places 


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820  B0I8  DE  BOCLOaifE. 

in  England,  extended  along  the  roads  where  Ibe 
had  been  accustomed  to  display  their  equipages.  Cp« 
the  troops  quitting  this  position,  the  wood  necessarfly  pre- 
sented a  desolate  appearance. 

From  time  immen|oriaI  the  Bob  de  Boulogne  has  haca 
celebrated  as  the  theatre  of  duelling ;  and  it  stiD  is  tke  rea- 
dezTous  of  all  those  whom  a  sense  of  honoor  mrgm  Co  tkk 
barbarous  practice.  Several  thousand  Pariaani  ami  lb- 
reigners  have  perished  upon  this  spot,  since  the  prejafioe 
which  induces  men  to  kill  each  other  cooOy  has  bees  in- 
troduced into  France. 

The  Bois  de  Boulogne  may  be  called  the  EjAt  Pivk  at 
Paris,  where  the  most  splendid  equipages  and  finert  honei 
of  the  capital  are  displayed.  It  is  also  celebrated  tat  ik 
annual  procession  or  promenade  de  Lonchamps.* 

It  was  in  the  Bob  de  Boulogne  that  the  first 
was  made  of  the  Montgolfier  and  hydrogen-gas 
united.  The  celebrated  and  unfortunate  POalre  da  Ba- 
sier  ascended  from  thb  spot  several  times;  aad, 
others,  on  the  21st  of  November,  1783,  ia  the 
of  the  whole  court.  The  balloon  in  which  ke 
crossed  the  Seine,  passed  over  Paris,  and  fell  bcyood  tht 
new  boulevard,  near  the  mill  of  CrouUebarbe.  It  m 
shortly  after  this  ascension  that  he  perished  with  bb  com- 
panion, M.  Bomain,  at  Yimille,  near  Boulogne-«iir>lier.f 

The  soil  of  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  is  what  French  pwb 
gists  call  Uman  (tatUrUsemtnt,  and  the  English  dilmrim^ 
in  this  formation  are  found  the  bones  of  elephants,  aam^ 
elks,  and  other  mammalb.  BotanisU  have  alwan  fre- 
quented the  Bob  de  Boulogne.  ToumefoK  oftes  wattt- 
tions  it  in  hb  woriu,  and  the  celebrated  Jussieo 
his  pupib  there  every  year. 

*  Seep.  312.  t  SeeYol.n.,p.30B. 


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CHAP.  XIV. 


(9iiVii(9(DiaiB3  iiHiD  (BasoawaiAaacfo 


Tofi  anci^Dts  gen^Mlij  Were  accustomed  to  burn  the 
bodies  of  their  deceased  friends^  and  to  bury  their  ashes 
in  solitary  places,  at  a  distance  fr6m  their  cities,  where 
every  thing  combined  to  produce  feelings  of  melancholy. 
The  first  people  of  antiquity  who  adopted  the  usage  of 
depositing  the  dead  near  the  habitations  of  the  liring 
were  the  Romans.  Their  tombs  were  placed  along  the 
sid^s  of  the  high  roads  leading  into  the  provinces,  and  in 
socae  directions  extended  more  than  a  league.  The  Via 
Appifiy  in  particular,  was  celebrated  for  the  magnificent 
tombs  which  skirted  it ;  and  travellers,  in  approaching 
RRtme  for  the  first  time,  were  astonished  to  find  thftt  they 
bad  to  pass  through  a  city  of  the  dead  to  ehter  the  capital 
of  ibe  world* 

The  practice  of  interment  in  ChH^ian '  temples  origi- 
naled  in  the  erection  of  cbirches  over  the  ashes  or  bodies 
of  saints  and  martyrs.  The  superstitious  notion,  that  bu« 
riftl  near  these  personages  was  a  seeurity  against  the  power 
of  the  devil,  excited  a  desire  to  share  the  protection  of 

VOL.  in.  X 


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322  csimuiEs. 

their  dust  and  ashes.  Emperors  and  kings  began  hy  ak- 
taining  this  protection  for  themselTes,  hot  the  j  wen  can- 
tented  with  a  place  in  the  porch  or  the  galilee«  In  the 
sixth  century,  the  conunon  people  were  allowed 
in  the  church-yard,  and  eren  under  the  walls  of  the  < 
By  the  time  of  Charlemagne,  they  were  buried  in  ibr 
church;  but  an  attempt  was  made  at  the  council  of  Fii- 
bur,  a  synod  held  in  his  reign,  to  put  an  end  tothis  abav. 
The  rule  which  was  made  at  that  synod  shows  to  whaA  m 
extent  the  practice  had  prevailed  :  it  said»  that  such  bo- 
dies as  were  already  buried  in  the  church  mi^ht  sol  ke 
cast  out,  but  that  the  paTement  shodd  be  so  made  of«r 
she  graTC,  that  no  vestige  of  it  should  appear;  and  thit  if 
this  could  not  be  done  without  great  difficulty,  becaoK  af 
the  multitude  of  bodies  which  had  recently  been  depootol 
there,  the  church  itself  should  be  converted  into  a  ceme- 
tery, and  the  altars  removed,  and  set  ap  in  tome  other 
place,  where  the  sacrifice  might  be  religiooaly  oCcrei  W 
God.  It  appears,  however,  from  this  synod,  iktu  cke 
clergy  had  establi&hed  for  themselves  t  privilege  of  lyi^ 
in  the  church,  for  it  is  the  burial  of  laymen  there  whidk 
is  prohibited.  In  the  year  000,  the  emperor  had  i 
all  former  laws  upon  this  subject :  burial  within  the  i 
was  then  expressly  permitted,  and  graves  in  the  ( 
were  soon  allowed  to  all  who  could  pay  for  1 

In  some  countries,  this  preference  fior  lying  i 
of  the  church  is  carried  to  such  an  excess,  that  < 
yards  are  not  in  use;  and  when  the  Vaults  af«  fidL  tbay 
are  emptied  in  a  manner  shocking  to  humanity*  i 
quick*lime  is  in  many  places  thrown  upon  the 
hasten  their  decomposition.    It  is  true  that  i 
gusting  as  this  has  happened,  or  could  be  suflEflred,  in  E 
land;    yet  in  large  towns,  and  especially  in  Loadon«il  I 
become  more  difficult  to  findroom  ipr  the  doad  ikan  I 


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CEMETWIES.  323 

living.     Many  tons  of  human  bones^  every  year,  are  sent 
from  the  metropolis  to  the  north,  where  they  are  crushed 
in  mills  constructed  for  the  purpose,  and  used  as  manure. 
Yet,  with  all  this  clearance,  the  number  of  the  dead  in- 
creases in  a  frightful  proportion  to  the  spaces  allotted  for 
them.    A  curious  expedient  has  been  resorted  to  at  Shields 
and  Sunderland :  the  ships  which  return  to  those  ports  in 
ballast  were  at  a  loss  where  to  discharge  it,  and  had  of  late 
years  been  compelled  to  pay  for  the  use  of  the  ground  on 
which  they  threw  it  out :  the  burial  grounds  were  full;  it 
was  recollected  that  the  ballast  would  be  useful  there»  and 
accordingly  it  has  been  laid  upon  one  layer  of  dead  to 
such  a  depth,  that  graves  for  a  second  tier  are  now  dug  in 
the  new  soil. 

Evelyn  regretted  greatly  that,  after  the  fire  of  London, 
advantage  had  not  been  taken  of  that  calamity  to  rid  the 
city  of  its  burial  places,  and  establish  a  necropolis  with- 
out the  wmlls.  **  I  yet  cannot  but  deplore,"  says  he,  in 
his  Silva,  '*  that  when  that  spacious  afea  was  so  long  a 
rasa  tabula^  the  church-yards  had  not  been  banished  to 
the  north  walls  of  the  city,  where  a  grated  inclosure  of 
competent  breadth,  for  a  mile  in  length,  might  have  served 
for  an  universal  cemetery  to  all  the  parishes,  distinguished 
by  the  like  separations,  and  with  ample  walks  octrees,  the 
walks  adorned  with  monuments,  inscriptions,  and  titles, 
apt  for  contemplation  and  memory  of  the  defunct,  and 
that  wise  and  excellent  law  of  the  Twelve  Tables  restored 
and  renewed.*'-  Such  a  funeral  grove,  with  propar  regula- 
tions and  careful  keeping,  wpuld  have  been  an  ornament 
lo  the  metropolis. 

Wretchedly  as  London  is  provided  with  cemeteries, 
Paris  was  in  a  much  worse  state  before  its  quarries  were 
conyerted  into  receptacles  for  the  dead,  and  received  the 
appropriate  name  of 

X  * 


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324  CEMETERIES. 

LES  CATACOMBES. 

The  origin  of  the  Catacombs  of  Paris  does  not  ascnJ. 
like  those  of  Sjria,  Egypt »  Paphtagotiia,  the  Ciuiariei, 
Rome,  Naples,  Sicily,  etc. ,  to  the  remote  ages  of  aoti- 
quity.  They  are  not  the  primitive  burial-place  of  Cssar*» 
or  Julian's  Lutetia.  They  do  not  contain,  like  the  cata* 
combs  of  Egypt  or  the  Canaries,  the  bodies  of  thetr  ttt- 
liest  tribes,  preaerved  more  than  forty  centurict  by  the 
art  of  embalming;  nor  do  they  present,  like  those  of 
Rome,  monuments  of  granite,  porphyry,  or  marble.  B^ 
although  of  a  recent  date,  they  are  little  inferior  m  in- 
terest to  those  of  the  most  distant  historical  period.  Ii 
short,  the  immense  vaults  in  which  the  catacombs  arr 
established,  after  having  furnished  materiak  for  cooslrvcl' 
ing  the  temples  and  palaces  of  the  capital,  have  sxnce  beco 
converted  into  a  charnel-house  for  the  remains  of  ks  in- 
habitants—  the  last  vestiges  of  those  multiplied  geofr^ 
tions  which  have  succeeded  each  other  in  the  lapse  of 
ages. 

For  many  centuries  Paris  had  only  one  public  phce  af 
interment,  the  cemetery  des  Innocens,  originally  a  put  «f 
the  royal  domains  lying  without  the  walls,  and  prcm  by 
one  of  th»  earliest  French  kings  as  a  burial-placr  lo  the 
citizens,  in  an  age  when  interments  within  the  city  were 
foriiidden.  Previous  to  the  conversion  of  this  grosmd  into 
a  cemetery,  indiriduals  were  allowed  to  bury  their  ( 
in  their  cellars,  courts,  and  gardens ;  and  tntemwala 
quently  took  place  b  the  streets,  on  the  high  road»,  i 
in  the  public  fields.     Corrozet  says : — 


Apr^  fut  fait  le  cimeti^  que  Fod  dit  des  Innocew,  qai  < 
aiDti  que  let  boucberies  hon  U  viUc ,  afin  d*^riter ccMiyiun  ca  bh*^ 
ym»  air.  Auparatant  il  ^oit  licite  4  cbaqnt  p^  de  i 
enterrcr  lui  et  les  siens  en  sa  cave,  cour  et  fardint  < 


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LES  CATAGOMBES.  325 

irowri  en  grand  nombre,  en  faisant  les  fondemens  de  qaelques  b&- 
timens.  Aussi  se  faisoient  eDterrer  par  les  vojes  et  chemins,  et  de 
notre  temps  nous  avons  trouy^  des  s^ulchres  au  long  des  vignes  hors 
la  rille  Saint  Marceau ;  et  n*y  a  long  temps  .qu*en  one  rue,  yi^^Tis 
de  Saint  Viotop,  en  paTont  icelle  rue,  qui  ne  Tayoit  one  est^,  nous 
fut  monstr^  au  milieu  d'icelle  un  sepulchre  de  pierre,  long  de  dnq 
pieds  ou  environ,  au  chef  et  aux  pieds  de  laqudk  furent  trouv^es 
deux  mddailles  antiques  de  bronze.  Pareillement  Tan  1538,  en 
ddifiant  den  maisons  sur  la  live  de  Seine,  Tis-^-yis  du  clidteau  du 
Lourre,  furent  troun^t  onte  caveauK,  en  Tun  desquels  esloit  un 
corps  mort  ann^  de  toutes  pieces,  qui  touma  en  poudre  sitost  qu'on 
le  toucha. 

Philip  Augustus  enclosed  it,  in  1186,  wkk  high  walls, 
because  it  had  been  made  a  plaoe  of  the  grossed  de-  , 
battchery»  and  the  gales  'were  shut  at  aighL     iSuillaume 
le  Brelea,  in  the  first  book  of  his  Phitippide^  grves  the 
following  account  of  this  enclosure : — 

Farisiis  lacns  est,  CampoUos  nomine  dioont 
In  qilb  communi  tumulantur  corpora  Jure, 
Quotquot  defungi  yitd  contingit  in  urbe. 
Hie  cineris  hominum,  suibusque  patere  solebat  ' 
Spurdtiis,  scopibus,  sordens  et  stercore  multo. 
£t,  quod  pejus  erat,  meretiicabatur  in  illo. 
£t  sic  defunctis  injuria  magna  fiebat, 
Sacratoque  loco ;  quibus  est  tribuendus  ubique 
Praeclpiente  Deo^  timor  et  reverentia  semper. 
Huic  rex,  dtyini  zelo  sncoensus  amoris, 
Indigaans  fieri  Polyandro  probra  saeraio. 
Corpora  sauactomm  ^o  plura  sepulta  quiescunt, 
Quadrates  lapides  circumdedit  atque  politos ; 
JEdiiicans  muros  in  circuitu  satis  amplos, 
£t  satis  excelsos,  castris  aut  uil>ibus  aptos. 
£t  sic  iUe  sacer  locus  est  mundatus  ab  onmi 
Sorde,  datusque  fuit  honor  ex  tunc  debitus  illi. 

The  population  of  Paris  gradually  increasing,  this  ce- 
metery was  soon  found  insufficient;  and,  in  1218 » it  was 
enlarged  by  Pierre  de  Nemours,  bishop  of  Paris,  and  from 
that  time  no  further  enlargement  of  its  precincts  was  eyer 
made.    Generation  after  generation  being  piled  one  upon 


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326  C1NETB«IE5« 

aaother  withia  the  same  ground,  the  inhabitasU  of  the 
neighbouriDg  parishes  began,  in  the  fifteenth  ceotivj,  t# 
complain  of  the  great  inconrenience  and  danger  to  wUdi 
they  were  exposed;  diseases  were  imputed  to  such  a  Ba» 
of  collected  putrescence,  taintiBg  the  air  by  exhalalioos,  aad 
the  waters  by  filtration ;  and  measures  for  clearing  out  the 
cemetery  M^ould  hare  been  taken  in  the  middle  of  the  n- 
teenth  century,  if  some  disputes  between  the  hisho^  aad 
the  Partement  had  not  preyented  them.  To  mrt  the 
credit  of  the  burial-ground,  a  marvellous  power  «f  caa- 
$umiBg  bodies  in  the  short  spaco  of  nine  days»  was  attri- 
buted ta  il>  as  Hentzner  tells  us,  when  be  deicriho  tha 
place  aa ae/m/dbrorttm numeto a  eeUuis  mdtnit  mmimm 

The  mode  of  interment  was  of  the  moil  indeceai  kki, 
being  notinsingle  graves,  but  in  common  |Hta.  '*  lanait^ 
nished,**  says  Philip  Thicknesse,  writing  fipom  I%ris»  "  thai 
where  such  an  infinite  number  of  people  live  in  to  saaH 
a  compass,  they  should  sufier  the  dead  to  be  buried  in  the 
manner  they  do,  or  within  the  city.  There  are  sererml 
burial-pits  in  Paris,  of  a  prodigious  site  and  deplk»  in 
which  the  dead  bodies  are  laid  side  by  nde,  withool  aay 
earth  being  put  over  them  tUl  the  ground  tipr  is  full :  theft« 
and  not  till  then,  a  sm,aU  layer  of  earth  covers  them,  mmi 
another  layer  of  dead  comes  on,  till,  by  layer  upon  layei, 
and  dead  upon  dead,  the  hole  is  filled  with  a  mast  of  ha- 
man  corruption,  enough  to  breed  a  plague.  These  placw 
are  enclosed,  it  is  true,  within  high  walls;  hot, 
less,  the  air  cannot  be  improved  by  it.  The 
churches  too  often  prove  fatal  to  the  priests  and 
who  attend ;  but  every  body  and  every  thing  ia  Pnm  is  so 
much  alive,  that  not  a  soul  thinks  about  the  dead.*  Tbeao 
fbitei  eommunei  were  emptied  once  in  thiHy  or  fiarty 
years,  and  the  bones  d^sited  in  what  was  called  la 
Charmer  du  Innocms,   an  arched  gallery. 


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tE6  CATACOltBES.  327 

rounded  the  Burial-place.  One  of  these  pits,  which  was 
intended  to  contain  two  thousand  bodies,  having  been 
opened  in  1770,  the  faihabitants  of  the  adjoining  streets 
presented  a  memorial  to  the  lieutenant-general  of  the  po- 
lice; in  which  they  stated  that  the  soil  of  the  burial-ground 
was  raised  more  thaa  eight  feet  above  the  level  of  the  streets 
and  the  ground-floor  of  the  adjacent  houses;  and  repre- 
MUted  that  serious  consequences  had  be^i  experienced  in 
the  cellars  of  some  of  the  houses.  The  evil,  indeed,  was 
now  become  so  great,  that  it  could  no  longer  be  borne.. 
The  last  grave-digger,  Francois  Pontraci,  had,  by  his  own 
register,  in  less  than  thirty  years,  deposited  more  than 
ninety  thousand  bodies  in  that  cemetery :  fbr  many  years 
the  average  number  of  interments  there  had  been  not  less 
than  three  thousand,  and  of  these  from  one  hundred  and 
fifty  to  two  hundred,  at  the  utmost,  were  all  that  had  se- 
parate graves :  the  rest  were  laid  in  the  common  trenches, 
which  were  usually  made  to  hold  from  twelve  to  fifteen 
hundred  I  It  was  calculated,  that,  since  the  time  of  Philip 
Augustus,  one  million  two  hundred  thousand  bodies  had 
been  interred  there,  and  it  had  been  in  use  as  a  cemetery 
many  ages  before  his  time. 

A  memorial  upon  the  ill  efltects  which  had  arisen,  and 
the  worse  consequences  which  might  be  expected  to  arise, 
from  the  constant  accmnulation  of  putrescence^  was  read 
before  the  Royal  Academy  of  the  Sciences,  in  1783,  by 
M.  Cadet  de  Yaux,  Inspector^eneral  des  ObjeU  de  Salu-- 
briU.  The  Council  of  State,  in  178&,  decreed  that  the 
cemetery  should  be  cleared  of  its  dead,  and  converted 
into  a  market-place,^  after  the  canonical  forms,  which 
were  requisite  in  such  cases,  should  have  been  observed*. 
The  archbishop,  in  conformity,  issued  a  decree  for  the 
suppression,  demolition,  and  evacuation  of  the  cemetery^ 
*  SwMarcMdesinnocenSff.Bn 


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328  CKUTEBIES. 

directiiig  that  the  iK^ef  and  kodiea  Aa^i  he 
the  new^  Mibterranean  cen/etery  af  the  naioo  im  Umi 
BoQge,  and  appoialbg  one  of  tii$  TicwB-genonil  U  imm 
u^^piro€€Sverba4  of  tbe  exhiunalibm,  renoTal,  aad  w- 
lAtennenl ;  and  i^  Royal  Society  of  Mediciae  nppnjiid 
a  coBimiltoe,  to  explain  the  plaA9  wfaiilifhoiiUbe  pril 
od  for  tbia  exiMordioary  <^ration,  and  auyariataadoi  a 
work  as  intarestiAg  to  men  of  scienee  at  ii  would  ham 
been  iboddng  to  ordinary  epecUtora. 

Tilt  conunan  peq>le  of  I^ma  regardod  thia  htHiaipkct 
with  so  much  Teneration*  thai  some  danger  waa  appie 
bended  should  any  accident  provobi  their  irrbakk  toA- 
ings  during  an  exposure  which  no  precauUoQ  cooU  pve- 
Tent  ijron  being  shocking  to  humanity.  ETery 
precattUon  was  therefore  taken.  Tho  witfk  « 
without  islermission,  till  it  was  necessarily 
during  the  hot  months;  and  it  was  resumed  tnlb  ibt 
«anoie  st^dy  ^oertioa  as  soon  as  the  season  pmaitliiA. 
Bieiigious  ceremonies  had  not  at  that  time  camplnufy  lost 
iMt  effect  upon  the  Parisian  mob :  and  the  peaip  wiUi 
which  some  of  the  remains  were  remoTed*  and  ^ 
and  religious  care  with  which  the  banes  and 
giufhed  corpses  were  cooToyed  away,  reconciled  Anaa  ta 
thi?  inea^are.  The  night-scenes»  when  the  work  was  earned 
on  J^y  the  iighi  of  torches  and  boofires,  are  said  U  ham 
bcien  of  th^  most  impressire  character :  nothing  was  asm 
sav^  eroases»  monuments^  demolidied  edifices,  < 
and  coffins — and  the  labourers  moving  abcmi  like  i 
in  th»  lurid  lights  under  a  cloud  of  smoko. 

It  Cbrtiip^Iy  happened  that  there  was  a 
finding  a  proper  receptado  for  Iha  remains  thm§  dm 
terfed«    The  stone  of  the  ancient  edifioes  of  fim  was  < 
rived  from  quarri«#  qieoed  upon  the  banks  of  ftka 
Bi^vre,  in  the  faubourg  Saint  Marcel,  upon  the  site  of  ibr 


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LES  GATACOMBXS.  329 

convent  ie$  Gharlreux  imd  Mont  ParniM$e.  In  the  begin- 
rnng  of  tbe  fourteonih  century*  quarries  were  <^ned 
under  Ibe  faubourg  Sajpt  Jacques^  and  Hh^  fr^unds  of 
Mont  Souris  and  (leAliliy.  The  quarries  had  heen  worked 
from  tiAie  iQunemorial  without  any  $j%iem,  every  man 
working  where  he  would  and  how  he  woiild,  fSk  it  heeame 
dangerous'  to  pioeeed  fiirther.  The  Ob$ervatfry>  the 
Luxconhourg,  the  Oiifm,  the  Val-de-Grac^,  the  Pantheon, 
Ibe  church  of  faint  Sulpica,  tbe  rues  da  SmA  jfacques, 
de  la  Harpe,  4e  Tournon^  de  Yaugirard^  Wd  several  other 
streets  were  coip]^teIy  ^pdermine4*  and  stood  upon  im- 
mense v^ii^*  in  which  they  were  fiahle  to  be  enguljihed. 
*'  No  greal  rfiock  is  wanting/'  aays  Prodhoaune,  ''  tp 
throw  down  all  tbe  stones  of  Paris  into  the  place  from 
wbanee  they  were  quarried.  The  towers,  atid  domes,  and 
ateeples  are  so  many  signs  wlueb  tell  Ae  beholder  that 
whatever  he  aees  above  bis  beiad  has  been  taken  bam 
under  his  ftet."  It  was  only  known  as  a  po|>ular  tradi^ 
tion  that  the  quarries  ejytended' under  great  part  of  the 
city*  till  the  year  1774,  when  s6me  alarming  accidents 
roused  the  attentien  of  the  g<^ernmenit*  They  were  then 
aiirveyed,  and  plans  of  them  taken ;  and  the  resuU  was 
the  frightful  discovery,  that  the  cbwrchesi  pa)a(9e9#  and 
most  of  the  spttthern  parts  of  Pari#  were  undermined, 
and  in  imminent  dimger  of  sinking  into  the  pit  below 
them.  A  special  coimmssion  wa^  appomted  in  the  year 
1777,  to  direct  9vch  works  as  might  be  r^uired.  The 
nece«#ity  pf  ^e  undertakmg  was  &tally  shewn  the  very 
day  that  the  c<Hnmis9iQn  vms  installed— 4  house,  situated 
19  the  rue  d'Gn%9  having  that  day  fonk  ninety-one  feet 
below  Uie  level  of  its  cpurtry^rd  I  Engineers  were  then 
QDgi^ged  lo  examine  the  whole  of  the  quarries,  and  prop 
the  streets,  roads,  churctiea>  p^aceSf  and  bmldings  of  all 
kinds,  whicb  were  in  dan^jer  of  b^g  engulphed  1   One 


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330  CBIIETEftlBS. 

set  of  workmen  were  employed  in  this  cmrioos 
another  in  exploring  the  labyrinth  of  excaTatiims,  mtm 
of  which  were  mider  the  others^  nd  opening  galleries  be- 
tween them,  that  the  extent  of  the  peril  might  be  kiMMiB; 
and  to  prevent  future  evils  of  the  same  kind,  all  tke  < 
ries  which  were  still  in  use  in  the  environs  of  Parb, 
placed  under  the  inspection  of  theoommiMioiiers,  in  < 
that  they  might  be  worked  upon  some  safe  plaa : 
any  men  a  more  arduous  or  more  important  i  immijhjimi  I 
The  pillars  which  had  be^a  left  by  the  quarriers  in  ikeir 
blind  operations,  without  any  legularity,  were  in  mmj 
places  too  weak  for  the  enormous  weight  above,  aad  m 
most  places  had  themselves  been  undermined,  or,  yer- 
baps,  originally  stood  upon  ground  which  bad  previoaily 
been  hollowed.     In  some  instances  they  had  given  way, 
in  others  the  roof  had  dipped,  and  threalODed  to  bH;  ami 
in  others,  great  masses  had  fiillen  in.  The  aquedoct  of  Ar- 
cneil  passed  over  this  treacherous  ground;  it  bad  already 
suffered  some  shocks,  and  if  the  quarries  bad  comiinmed 
to  be  neglected,  an  accident  must,  sooner  or  later,  baf« 
happened  to  this  water-couQie,  which  would  have  onl  oC 
its  supply  from  the  fountains  of  Paris,  and  haie  fiBed  1^ 
excavations  with  water. 

Such  was  the  state  of  the  quarries  when  the  commiiMn 
was  appointed  in  1777,  under  M.  Gharles-Axd  GuObn- 
mot,  as  inspector-general.  The  thought  of  converting 
them  into  catacombs  originated  with  M.  Lenoir,  liente- 
nant-general  of  the  police;  and  the  proposal  for 
the  dead  flrom  the  cemetery  des  Innocens  was  the 
easily  entertained,  because  a  recepude  so  conveiiMn*» 
and  so  unexceptionable  in  all  respecU,  was  ready  Id  re- 
ceive them.  That  part  of  the  quarries  under  tbe 
de  Mont  Souris  was  allotted  for  this  purpose ;  a 
known  by  the  name  $i  la  Tifmbe  Isoirc,  or  Jaomard  (C 


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lES  CATACOMBBS.  33t 

a  fliflM>iM  robber,  who  once  infested  thai  neighbourhood), 
en  the  old  road  to  Orleans,  was  purchased,  with  a  piece  of 
ground  adjoining;  and  the  first  operations  were  to  make 
an  entrance  into  the  quarries  by  a  flight  of  seyenty-^seven 
steps,  and  to  sink  a  well  from  the  surface,  down  which 
the  bones  might  be  thrown.  Meantime,  the  workmen 
below  walled  off  that  part  of  Hie  quarries  whidi  was  de« 
signed  for  the  great  charnel-house,  opened  a  communica- 
tion between  the  upper  and  lower  Taults,  and  built  pillars 
to  prop  die  roof.  When  all  these  necessary  preliminaries 
had  been  completed,  the  ceremony  of  consecratmg  the 
intended  catacombs  was  performed  with  great  solraonity 
on  the  7th  of  April,  1786,  and  on  that  same  day  the  re- 
moval from  the  cemetery  began.  This  work  was  always 
performed  at  night;  the  bone&were  brought  in  funeral 
cars,  covered  with  a  pall,  and  followed  by  priests,  in  their 
surplices,  chanting  the  service  of  the  dead.  When  they 
reached  the  catacombs  the  bones  were  shot  down  the 
well,  and  the  rattling  and  echoing  which  they  made  in 
their  fall,  was  as  impressive  as  ever  was  heard  by  human 
ears. 

All  the  crosses,  tombstones,  and  monuments  which 
were  not  reclaimed  by  the  families  of  the  dead,  to  whom 
they  belonged,  were  carefully  removed,  and  placed  in 
the  field  belonging  to  la  Tombe  Isoire  :  some  of  them  were 
very  curious.  Many  leaden  co£Bns  were  buried  in  this 
ileld;  one  of  them  contained  the  remains  of  Madame 
de  Pompadour,  who,  by  her  own  desire,  had  been  interred 
at  the  foot  of  the  Croi^  dc$  Innoeens.  Thus  far  things 
had  been  conducted  with  the  greatest  decorum ;  but,  as 
the  revolution  proceeded,  la  Tombe  Isoire  was  sold  as  a 
national  domain,  the  leaden  coffins  were  melted,  and  all 
|hc  monuments  destroyed;  those  which  could  not  be  sold, 
or  applied  to  any  useful  purpose,  being  demolished  from 


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332  csiumuuis. 

niere  nibcbief.  A  gumguettc  was  tben  opened  npott  the 
spot,  which  was  afterwards  converted  into  a  Salk  ds 
dansCf  known  hj  the  denooiination  of  Bui  dm  Zipkir. 

The  cemeteries  of  Saint  Eustache  and  SatBt-fitienDe- 
des-Gr&  hayiog  been  suppressed  in  1787^  the  bones  tttm 
them  were  remored  to  this  general  deposit  by  order  oi  the 
goTernmeflt.  The  catacombs  serred  also  as  oonreoieBl 
receptacles  for  those  who  perished  in  popular  comaio- 
tions  or  massacres.  The  yictims  of  the  S8th  and  20lli 
of  August,  1788;  of  the  28di  of  April,  1789;  of  lbs 
10th  of  August,  and  the  2d  and  8d  of  September,  1791, 
were  deposited  there.  Among  those  who  fell  at  the  latter 
period  were  the  archbishop  of  Aries,  the  bishop  of  Beaa- 
Ttis,  the  bishop  of  Saintes,  the  minister  MoDtmorin  and 
his  brother,  d'Abancourt,  Rnlhi^res,  Rohan-Chabot,  Be- 
ding,  Haussabre,  the  princess  de  LambaDe,  and  a  mdlft- 
tude  of  aged  magistrates,  o£Bcers^  and  cooapgeons  aotbors. 
A  yearly  senrice  is  performed  at  the  place  of  their  iolcr- 
ment,  and  two  marble  tablets  have  been  erected  lo  per- 
petuate their  memory.* 

Upon  the  suppression  of  the  convents  and  various 
churches,  the  remains  discovered  in  them  were  removed 
and  deposited  in  this  immense  chameUiottse,  but  frooi 
the  breaking  out  of  the  revolution  the  works  were  discon* 
ttnoed.  They  were  m  much  neglected,  that,  in  maay 
places,  the  soil  had  fallen  in,  and  choked  up  the  comnu- 
nioations;  water  entered  by  filtration,  the  roof  was  crav- 
ed in  many  places,  and  threatened  fresh  downfidb,  and 
the  bones  tbemseluvs  lay  in  immense  heaps,  minted  will 
the  rubbish,  and  blocking  up  the  way.  In  1810,  a  rega- 
lar  system  of  piling  up  the  bones  in  the  Catacombs  w 
adopted  by  order  of  count  Frochot,  prefect  of  the  depaii- 

*  One  tablet  containi  a  list  of  their  naraes.    The  iugcripiioB  sa 
the  other  wiU  be  found  at  p.  342,  If  o.  tU. 


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LES  CATACOMBES.  333 

menfc,  and  under  the  direction  of  M.  Hericart  de  Thury. 
As  a  memorial  of  the  improvements  then  made,  the 
foUowing  inscription  waa  plaoed  over  the  western  en- 

tranoe:*^ 

CATACOMBES 

Etablies  par  ordre  de  M.  Thiroux  de  Crosne, 

liieutenant-G^n^:^  de  Police,  par  les  soins  de 

M.  Charles  Axel.  Guillaumot^Inspecteur-G^^'al 

des  Carrieres, 

MDCCLXXXTI. 

Restaur^  et  augment^a  par  ordre 

De  M.  le  Corate  Frochot,  Conieiller  d'6ut, 

Pr^fet  du  d^partement  de  la  Seine, 

Par  L.  Hericart  de  Thury,  Ing^ieur  en  Chef  des  Mines, 

Inspecteur-Gin^ral  des  Carn^res, 

MDCCCX. 

To  pursue  the  plans  of  M.  de  Thury,  the  workmen 
had  to  make  galleries  through  the  hones»  which, .  in 
some  places,  lay  above  thirty  yards  thick.  It  was  necea* 
sary  also  to  provide  for  a  circulation  of  air,  the  atmo^ 
sphere  having  been  rendered  unwliolesome  by  the  qoan- 
tity  of  animal  remains  which  had  been  introdnced*  The 
manner  in  which  this  was  effected  is  singularly  easy.  The 
wells  which  supplied  the  bouses  above  widi  water  w^re 
sunk  below  the  quarries,  and  formed,  in  those  excava- 
tiona>  so  many  round  towers.  M.  de  Thnry  merdy  opened 
the  masonry  of  these  wells,  and  hited  into  the  opening  the 
upp^  half  of  a  brcd^en  bottle,  with  the  neck  outwards : 
when  fresh  air  is  wanted,  it  ia  only  necessary  to  uncork 
two,  three,  or  more  of  these  bottles.  Channels  were  made 
to  carry  off  the  water,  steps  constructed  from  the  lower  to 
the  upper  excavation,  pillars  erected  in  good  taste  to  sup- 
port the  dangerous  parts  of  the  roof,  and  the  sknlb  and 
bones  built  up  along  the  widls. 

There  are  two  entrances  to  the  Catacombs,  the  one  to- 
wards the  west,  near  the  borrier  d'Enfer,  by  which  visi^ 


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334  CEEETEKIES* 

tors  are  admitted;  and  the  other  to  the  east,  near  the  oM 
road  to  Orleans,  which  is  appropriated  to  the  workmeo 
and  persons  attached  to  the  establishment.  A  third  en- 
trance, opening  into  la  Tambc  Isoire,  was  stopped  at  the 
period  when  that  field  was  sold.  The  staircase  descend- 
ing to  the  Catacombs  consists  of  ninety  steps,  and,  after 
several  windings,  leads  to  the  western  gallery,  which  b 
under,  and  in  a  perpendicular  line  with  the  trees  oo  the 
western  side  of  the  Orleans  road.  From  this  gallery  se- 
veral others  branch  off  in  different  directions.  That  by 
which  visitors  generally  pass  extends  along  the  works  be- 
neath the  aqueduct  d^ArcuciU  and  brings  them  to  the  gal- 
lery du  Port  Mahon.  A  soldier,  named  D6cure,  who  had 
accompanied  marshal  Richelieu  in  his  expedition  against 
Minorca,  being  employed  in  these  quarries,  discovered  a 
small  excavation,  to  which  he  sunk  a  staircase,  and  de- 
scended there  to  take  his  meak,  instead  of  accompanying 
the  other  workmen  above  ground.  In  his  leisure  boors, 
D^cure,  who  had  been  Ipng  a  prisoner  at  the  forts  of  tbrt 
Mahon,  employed  himself,  from  1777  to  1782,  in  carving 
a  plan  of  that  port.  When  it  was  finished,  he  formed  a 
spacious  vestibule  adorned  with  a  kind  of  Mosaic  of  black 
flinti  To  complete  his  work,  this  ingenious  man  deter- 
mined to  construct  a  staircase,  but,  before  he  had  cooi- 
pleted  it,  a  mass  of  stone  fell,  and  crushed  him  so  se- 
riously as  to  occasion  his  death.  The  following  inscriplioB, 
upon  a  tablet  of  black  marble,  is  placed  in  the  gallery  da 
Port  Mahon : — 

Get  ouTrage  fut  commence  en  4777, 

Par  D^ure,  dit  Beaus^jour,  V^fetea 

de  Sa  Majesty,  et  fini  en  1782. 

tone  table  and  benches  are  still  pi^eserved  in 
hich  he  called  his  saloon.  In  1787,  his  royal 
rsifiVB,  count  d'Artois^  and  several  ladies  of 


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f 

i 

i 

£ 


LES  GATACOMBES*  335 

the  court,  ^o  yistted  Port  Blakon^  breakfasted  in  the  me^ 
ioan  upon  the  same  table  and  benches. 

At  a  short  dbtanoe  from  this  spot  are  some  enormous 
fragments  of  stone,  so  nicely  balanced,  on  a  base  hardly 
exceeding  a  point,  that  they  rock  with  every  blast,  and 
seem  to  threaten  the  beholder ;  yet  in  this  equilibrium 
they  have  remained  for  taote  than  two  centuries^  and  it 
would  probably  require  a  prodigious  force  to  remove 
them. 

About  a  hundred  yards  from  the  gallery  du  Port  Mahon, 
we  fall  again  into  the  road  of  the  Catacombs.  On  the 
right  side  is  a  pillar  formed  of  dry  stones,  entirely  cot« 
ered  with  incrustations  of  grey  and  yellow  calcareous 
matter;  and  one  hundred  yards  further  on  b  the  vestibule 
of  the  Catacombs.  It  is  of  an  octagonal  form.  On  the 
sides  of  the  door  are  two  stone  benches^  and  two  pillars 
of  the  Tuscan  order. 

The  vestibule  opens  into  a  long  gallery  lined  with  bones 
from  the  floor  to  the  roof.  The  arm,  leg,  and  thigh  bones 
are  in  front,  closely  and  regularly  piled  together,  and  their 
uniformity  is  relieved  by  three  rows  of  skulls  at  equal  dis- 
tances.    Behind  these  are  thrown  tha  smaller  bones. 

Thb  gallery  conducts  to  several  rooms,  resembling  cha- 
pels, lined  with  bones  variously  arranged ;  and  in  the 
centre,  or  in  niches  of  the  walls,  are  vases  and  altars,  some 
of  which  are  formed  of  bones,  and  others  are  ornamented 
with  skulb  of  different  sizes.  Some  altars  are  of  an  an- 
tique form,  and  composed  of  the  solid  rock. 

Among  the  ornaments  is  a  fountain,  in  which  four  golden 
fish  are  imprisoned.  They  appear  to  have  grown  in  this 
unnatural  situation,  but  they  have  not  spavmed;  three  of 
ihem  have  retained  their  brilliant  colour,  but  some  spots 
have  appeared  upon  the  fourth,  which  render  it  probable 
that  ejLclusion  from  light  may  produce,  though  more  slowly. 


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336  GBMBTBRIBS. 

the  same  effect  upon  them  thai  it  does  upon  vegetaHei, 
The  spring  which  rises  here  was  £ioo¥etod  by  the  wark- 
men  j  the  basin  was  om^  for  Ibeir  iMe»  and  a  sobtarra- 
nean  aqueduct  carries  off  the  waters.  ML  de  Thorj  naMd 
it  at  first  U  Somree  de  COutU;  but  il  is  now  eaUed  Fm^ 
tain$  de  la  SdmariUHme. 

The  different  parts  of  the  CalaocMnbs  are  naaied»  wilb 
strange  incongruity,  from  the  author  or  the  purport  of  iba 
inscription  which  is  placed  there.  Thus,  there  is  the  ^iTpis 
de  Ut  FiriU,  the  Ctypte  de  la  Mort  H  de  C^^emiU^  and 
the  Crypte  de NimU,  the  AlUe  de  Jek,  and  the  Crypud^ 
Ca$an,  the  Crypte  de  la  Bdsurreetion,  and  the  Crypu  de 
la  FatUmne.  VirgiU  Ovid,  and  Aaacroon  have  each  Ibeir 
crypts;  as  w^U  as  the  grc^hets  Jereniiah  and  Eiekiel.  And 
Herrey  takes  hb  pbice  with  Horace,  Malherbes»  and  Jean- 
Baptiste  Rousseau.  The  inscriptions  are  so  inlerestiiy  in 
themselves,  and  at  the  same  time  so  ohamcteristie  ef  the 
French  niAion,  that  although  they  occupy  a  eonsidarable 
qi^aee,  we  shall  traascribe  them  in  regular  order:  — 

I. 

VestibuU  of  the  western  entrance. 

Hao  Ledn  sedat ;  hie  plarinMi  mortis  imago ; 
Erige  vide;  maneat  Tisum  altS  mente  repottum. 

Aspice  reliquias  fratnim,  morituro  viator. 
Cras  tibi :  disce  ergo  rivere,  disce  morl. 

Hie  pauper  divesqae  jacent,  hie  senrus  heruscjae, 
Doctai  et  mdoctmr;  cur,  hotto  tne,  timet? 

Ho0  regit  imperio  mors ;  omttqi  ontaAos  aquat^ 
Aapioadiefn  abiois:  palvif  el  anbra  wmi>  (I) 

n. 

Arr^  f  e'est  ici  Fempire  de  la  itaort !  (2) 

(i)  Heiette,  vicu:  of  Ssint^Jaequsado^Haai-pM. 
(2)  Dsbya. 


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LES  CATAGOMBES.  337 

m. 

Ahane  the  eniramce, 
Dans  ces  lieux  Boatercains,  dans  cei  sombres  ablmes, 
La  mort  confustoent  entasse  set  Tictimes.  (1) 

IV. 

Upon  the  doorposts  of  the  entmnce. 

Has  ultr4  metas  requiescunt  beatam  spem  expectantes. 

V. 

Entrance  to  the  Upper  Catacombs, 

Lasciate  speraDza,  Toi  ch*  intrate.  (2) 

VI. 

Upona  Cippus. 
La  mort  nous  a  frapp^s ;  craignez  aussi  %es  coups : 
Elle  est  &  TOs  cdt^;  morteb,  pr^parez-Tous.  (3) 

vn. 

CrTPTB  DB  UL  ViBlTi. 

Venez,  geus  du  monde^.Tenez  dans  ccs  demeures  silencieuses ;  ct 
votre  Ime,  alors  tranquille,  sera  frapp^e  dc  la  yoix  qui  s*d^Te  de 
leur  int^eur :  c'est  ici  que  le  plus  grand  des  maftres,  le  Tombeau^ 
tient  son  ^cole  de  T^rit^.  (4) 

vm. 

JEquat  omnes  cinis ;  impares  nascimur,  pares  roorimur.  (5) 
IX. 

*OvK  oa-tn  qtBifAifotva-if.  (6) 

.   X. 

Notre  sol  n*est  foim^  que  de  poussi^re  humaine ; 
Songe  done,  quel  que  soit  le  motif  qui  t'am^ne, 
Que  tes  pieds  Tont  id  fouler  4  chaque  pas 
Un  informe  ddris,  monument  du  ti*^pas.  (7) 

(!)  LegouT^,  Po^me  des  SdpuUures. 

(2)  Dante,  chap.  m.     Inscriptionqf  the  gates  of  Hell 

(S)  Hezette. 

(4)  Herrey,  Meditations. 

(5)  Seneca. 

((5)  Homer,  Odjrss,  xxii,  t.412. 
(7)  LegouT^. 

VOL.  III.  Y 


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~^ 


338  GIMBTBIIES. 

XI. 

FiLlIR  DB  I.*ImITATIOK. 

Heureux  celui  qui  a  touiovre  deffSDl  let  ymx  FlMnre  dt  m  mett 
et  qui  s€  dispose  tous  les  jonrt  i  iiioiirir ! 

Si  vous  avez  tu  quelquefois  raoorir  un  horaine,  contidrfrei  los- 
jours  que  le  m^me  sort  tous  attend  ! 

Pensez  au  matin  que  tous  n*irez  peut-^tre  pas  iosqnra  floir«  cC  ai 
soir  que  tous  n'irez  peot-^tre  pas  )ttsqn*aa  matm. 

Insens^  que  vous  ^tes,  pourquoi  tous  promeUex-roiis  de  fmv 
long-temps,  tous  qui  ne  pou?ez  compter  sur  un  seal  |oiir !  (1  j 

xn. 

Crypts  de  la.  Mort  et  db  L^^TERKiTi. 

Mortel  qui  ne  sais  pas  ce  que  Taut  un  instant,  coors  le 
a  rhorome  ^tendu  sur  son  lit  de  mort.  (2) 

XIII. 
Tumulus  cum  aetemiute  communicat.  (3) 

xrv. 

Mors  sequitur  vitara ;  mortem  altera  Tila  sc<|urtiu. 
Vita  beata  bonis,  aspera  vita  malis.  (4) 

XV. 

Hujusque  advenies,  nee  fas  transire ;  tumeoles 
Confringes  fluctus  hie,  hpmo  Tane,  toos.  (5) 

XVI. 

Crypte  db  Caton. 
Ne  timeas  ilium,  quss  vitie  est  ultima  finis ; 
Qui  mortem  metuit,  quod  Ti?it  perdit  idipsom.  (6) 

xvn. 

Ai'L^R  DE  Job. 
Breves  anni  transeuot ;  et  ^mttam  per  qnam  non 
bulo.  (7) 

(1)  Imitation  de  J.  C,  liv.  I,  chap.  xxiii»  t.  2,  3,  7. 

(2)  Imiuiioo  de  J.  C.,  kv.  I,  cbap.  uuii,  t.  %  3,  7. 

(3)  Saint  Ephraim  Syri,  cant.funebr, 

(4)  Hezette. 

(5)  Ibid. 

(6)  Calo, /)!>.  lib.  i,  T.  71. 

(7)  Job,  chap.  xvi. 


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LEs  cAiicomis.  339 

xvra. 

Qiunris  quo  iaceas  poH  oyAam  locml    Quo  bob  uita  jacent.  (1) 

XEL 
Upon  the  rock  behind  th^  Sarcophagus  du  lacrpnatoire^  called 
I.S  ToMBEAU  »s  Gilbert.  * 
Silence,  4tres  monels!  raines  grandeurs,  silence! 


Au  banquet  de  la  yie,  mfortun^  confiver 

•Tapparus  un  jour,  et  je  meurs ; 
Je  meurs,  et  sur  ma  tontbe,  o^  lentement  j'arriye, 

Nul  ne  Tiendra  yerser  des  pleurs. 

Sojes  b^,  roon  Dieu,  yous  qui  daignez  me  re|idre 

L*itmocence  et  son  noble  orgueil  f 
Yens  qui,  pour  prot^er  fe  repos  de  ma  cendre, 

YeilWex  pr^  de  men  cerceuil.  (2) 

JUL 

Auics  ov  Mkmxkto. 
Un  cri  religieux,  le  cri  de  la  nature, 
Vous  dit :  Pleurez,  priez  sur  cette  sepulture ; 
Yos  amis,  yos  parens  dorment  dana  ce  s^our. 
Monument  ydndrable  et  de  deuil  et  cramMr.  (3) 

XXI. 

Croix  du  Msmbnto^ 
Mcmcnlo,  homo  quia,  pulyis  es,  et  in  pulyerem  reyerteris.  (4) 

xxn. 

Defecerunt  sicut  fumus  dies  mei,  el  ossa  mea  sicut  cremivm 
a^eront.  (5) 

xxm. 

CUTPTE  BEsOBiLISQUES. 

Hie  ia  somno  pads  requiescunt  majores. 
XXIV. 
Homo  siem  fenum  ^es  ejus ;  tanquam  flos  agri  sic  efflorebit ;  quo- 
niam  spiritus  pertransibh  in  illo,  et  non  subsistet,  et  non  cognoscet 
amplius  locum  suum.  (6) 

(1)  Seneca,  Troad,^  act  ii. 

(2)  Gilbert,  SUmces  sur  la  Mori, 

(3)  Delille,  Imagination, 

(4)  Mass  of  Ash-Wednesday. 

(5)  Psalm  ci. 

(6)  Psahn  xii,  y.  15  and  16. 


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340  CEMEimKIM. 

xrv. 

Judid  Tifonm  el  aoHuony.  (1) 
XXVI. 
Uponihe  Tables  of  the  Jtmr. 
Princ^iiiiiii  ctfintt. 

xxvn. 

Qui  dormimit  in  terns  polTere  er^ilabaiil :  alii  in  i 
alii  in  opopbrium.  (2)  

xxvra. 

Entrance  of  the  OjpUdeLegouv^. 
Prot^ger  let  tombeatix/  c'est  hoDorer  lei  morta.  (S) 
XXEE. 
Not  joun  ton!  un  instant,  c^est  la  femOe  fjpa  toiBbe.  (4) 
XXX. 
At  the  bottom  of  the  Orjpt, 
Tel  est  done  de  la  mortYtn^Titable  en^Mre ! 
Yertueox  ou m^chant,  il  faQt  que  rbomme  expire: 
La  foule  det  bumains  est  un  ftible  troupeao, 
Qu*effroyable  ptsteur,  le  Temps,  mine  an  tombeia. 

XXXI. 

Crypte  n'fijsiCHIBL. 

Ossa  arida,  audite  Terbum  Domini.  (5) 

xxxn. 

Ou  est-dle,  la  Mort?    Toujours  future  ou  pastfe :  4 
pr^tente,  que  dijii  elle  n*est  ^ut.  (6) 

xxxnL 

CaTFTS  DX  LA  RisUBASCTION. 

Caoet  tuba,  et  moitui  resurgent  incomipli;  opoctet 
tibile  boc  iudiere  incomiptionem,  et  mortale  boc 
UliUtero.  (7) 

(t)  AcU,  10, 12. 

(2)  Daniel,  zii,  I. 

(3)  J.  DeliUe. 

(4)  Duds. 

(5)  Ezekid,  diap.  xxzTii. 

(6)  Marc.  Aurd. 

(7)  I.  Epist.  Corinth,  c.  xv,  r.  53. 


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US  CATACOMBES.  34i 

XXXIV. 
Jmiiatianofihesameihmtght. 
Homiflnr  k  Jehorah,  donl  la  Umte-fmissancey 
DeBOorpiressiuciUs  ^purant  la  aubstance, 
tlikre  yaatpi'k  lui  la  iaible  hnmanit^, 
Et  la  rer^t  de  gloire  et  (fimmortaliU.  (i) 
XXXV. 

GaLERIB  DB  LmilBRRB. 

Qaek  enclos  acmt  oureits?  Qudles  dtroites  places 
Occupe  entre  ces  mora  la  cendre  de  ces  races? 
Cest  dans  ces  lieux  d*oubli,  c^est  parmi  ces  tombeanx 
Que  le  Temps  et  la  Mori  Tiennent  croiser  leur  fanx. 
Que  de  marts  entass^  et  presses  sous  la  terre ! 
Le  nombre  id  n'est  rien,  la  foule  est  solitaire.  (2) 

XXXVI. 

CrTFTB  OB  I.A  FONTAINB. 

La  mort  ne  swprend  poiat  le  sage ; 

n  est  toajours  pr^t  k  partir, 

S^^tant  sa  lui-mtoe  ayertir 
Da  temps  oit  Voa  se  doit  rdsondre  k  ce  passage. 

Ce  temps,  hdas!  embrasse  tous  les  temps : 
Qu'on  le  partage  en  jours,  en  heures,  en  momens, 

II  n*en  est  point  qu^il  ne  comprenne 
Dans  le  fatal  tribnt ;  tous  sont  de  son  domaine. 
Et  le  premier  instant  ou  les  enfims  des  rois 

Ouyrent  les  yeux  &  la  lumi^re. 

Est  cdtti  qui  rient  quelquefois 

Fermer  pour  toujours  leur  paupi&v. 

D^endez-Tous  par  la  grandeur ;  * 

.  All^ez  la  beauts,  la  Tcrtu,  la  jeunesse : 

La  mort  rayit  tout  sans  pudeur: 
Un  jour  le  monde  entier  accroftra  sa  ricbesse. 

^^^^T^  ^^  FOITAIM. 

xxxvn. 

PlI^lBR  OB  ViROILE. 

Felix,  qui  potuit  rerum  cognoscere  causas^ 

Atque  meti|s  omnes,  et  inexorabile  fatum 

Subjedt  pedibus,  strepitumque  Acherontis  sTari.  (3) 

(1)  Treneuil,  Jil^  sur  les  Tombeaux  de  Saint^Denii. 

(2)  Lemierre.  * 

(3)  VirgU.  Georgia  lib.  ii. 


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342  cuusnjins. 

xxxvm. 

OpIUBt qoM^ie diti  miieiiiiiiortdibiis  wi 


Prima  fogift;  subtuia  ncrbi,  tMtfotb  i 

Et  labor,  «ft  dim  npitincleiiMatuimorttt.  (1) 

XXJUX. 

CfiYTTS  DV  N^AMT. 

Ortus  cuncU  soos  repetunt,  iiiatren[|Qe  requinmi  ct  re&  ti 
nihilum  quod  mhil  ante  fuit.  (Ji) 

XL. 
Crypte  du  Jdobmxmt  Dekkixb. 
Sortez  de  la  nuit  ^temdle, 
RasaeiiibIee*Tou9,  dmes  6n  morU ; 
£t,  reprenant  tos  m^mes  corpt, 
Paraissez  deyani  Dien ;  c'eat  Dieu  qui  voui  appde.  (3) 

XLI. 

CnYFTE  D£  LA.  SipuLTtJBs  o^  YicTUtts  OX0  2wr3  SwngMmM 

1792. 

D.O.M. 

Pii>M«nibq». 

Civium  diebus  II'  et  III*  SepUmbiif,  anii^  Dqmh  MPOflTnF 

Lutetis  tnicldatorum. 

Hie  palmam  expectaot  oiyei  Tiriutu  aawv 
GoDspicui ;  dwes  patruB,  l^^umque  Deiqae 
Cultoref ,  diris  heu !  tenipafUtibus  acd« 
Immoti  tamen,  ut  scopuli  rectiquo  tenAoea, 
Suprenis  'plebis  delitameota  perosi. 
Hos,  dum  crudelis  discordia  aceptra  taidbat  ' 
*      Hortatrix  scelemm,  contemptaque  jura  jactbm, 
SsBT^  cmde  cohort  funis  incensa  peremit. 
Siste  gradum,  inque  pioi  fletus  erumpey  riator, 
Castas  funde  preces  et  caildida  Klia  ^>arge. 

Lux  perpetiia  luceat  eis.  (4) 

XUI. 
Det  illis  Dominus  inTeuire  misericordiaoi  k  Ooniiiaia  tU  ^  (^) 

(1)  Virgil.  OMW^ic.  lib.  iu,  66. 

(2)  lMcm.d€  MUmm  Nmi^ra, 

(3)  Gilbtrt  s  Last  Judgmemi. 


{A)  HezeUe 


Paul  II.  ad  Timoth.  i,  18. 


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LE8  CATACOK1X6.  343 

XLm. 

On  the  appoiile  side  of  the  Tomb  of  the  victims  qfthe2dandid 
of  September* 
Vous  ayez  tu  ton^ber  let  plus  illustres  tites ; 
Et  T0U8  pourriez  encore,  iDsem^s  que  vous  dies, 
Ignorer  le  tribut'  que  Ton  doit  &  la  mort ! 
Nod,  Hon,  toot  doit  ihoichir  ce  terrible  passage, 
Le  nche  et  riodigent,  riaiprudeiit  et  le  sage, 
Sojetfl  k  mteae  loi,  subistent  m^ine  sort.  (1) 

XUV. 

Quels  effrojables  abimes 
S*eQtr*ouTrent  autour  de  moi ! 
Quel  dduge  de  victiiiies 
S*Qffitilt  k  roes  jeux  plani  d'effroi ! 
Quelle  ^pouyantable  image 
De  morts,  de  saug,  de  carnage 
Frappe  mes  regards  tremblans ! 
Et  quds  glarres  invisibles 
Paroent  de  coops  si  terribles 
.Cvcotps  piles  etsanglans?  (2) 

XLV. 

Sepulture  of  the  Bodies  taken  from  the  Leaden  Coffins  in  the 
Church  of  Saint  Andrd-^s-^rcs. 

Noa  ombres  d^solto 

D^sertent  en  pleurant  leurs  pompeux  mausol^es : 
Deux  fois  nous  descendons  dans  la  nuit  des  torobeaux ! 

Plus  heureux  ces  mortela  ignore  du  Tulgaire^ 
Qui,  sans  4tre  apergos,  ont  pasi^  sur  la  terre ! 
Leurs  paisibles  cercueils,  raspectds  des  m^hans, 
N^^proureroBt  au  moins  ^e  Foutrage  des  ans. 

XLVI. 

Grand  Gallery  qfthe  Catacombs. 
Qu*est-ce  que  cbaque  race?  une  ombre  apr^  one  ombre. 
Nous  viTons  un  moment  sur  des  sidles  sans  nombre. 
Nos  tristes  souTenirs  yont  s^^teindre  avec  nous : 
line  autre  Tie,  6  Temps !  se  d^robe  4  tes  coups.  (3) 

(i)  Jean-Baptiste  Rousseau. 

(2)  Jean-Baptiste  Rousseau. 

(3)  Lemierre. 


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344  CEJftTERUS. 

XLvn. 

Croifl-ta  que  b  mart  toit  loin  dft  toi?  peul-toe  en  ot  ■waat 
Tole-l-elle  sur  U  tite,  et  te  menace-t-elle  du  coop  fiUal.  (I) 

XLvm. 

Crtpte  de  J£r£mie* 
Fiolation  et  Profanation  des  Tombmuxen  1793. 
In  illo  tempore,  ejicient  oisa  regnm  el  oam  prindpiim  ejot,  ct  «■ 
tacerdotum,  et  osta  prophetarum,  et  o«a  eomm  qui  ~ 
Jerusalem,  de  sepulchria  suis !     Expandent  ea  ad  soleoa  et  1 
omnem  militiam!  noo  coUigentur  et  non  Bepdtentor: 
niom  super  I'aciem  terr»  enint.  (2) 

XUX. 

Sicat  aqua  effusus  sum,  etdispersa  font  omnkoMAMea.  (3) 

L. 

GrTPTX  OE  Js'kVTBSi  YiE. 

O  Mort !  est41  done  rrai  que  nos  Ames  heuremca 
N'ont  rien  a  redputer  de  tes  fureurs  aflBneuses? 
£t  qu*au  moment  cruel  qui  nous  rant  le  )oiirt 
Tes  Tictimes  ne  font  que  changer  de  s^jour? 
Quoi!  m&ne  apr^  Tinstant  oii  tes  ailes  ina£btm 
BTanront  enseveli  dans  tes  noires  t^ndbras, 
Je  Tirrais !    Doux  e^K>ir1  que  j*aime  k  m*y  fiffcr! 
De  quelle  ardeur  cUkie  il  nent  de  m'enintr!  (4) 

LI. 
Crypts  d^Hertet. 

C*est  ici  qu*il  conyient  4  Tbomme  d*llre  s6ieaz,  el  de  tnir  sm 
Ame  ouTcrte  aux  inspirations  de  la  religion.  Pniss6-fe  s*cBlrer  ja- 
mais dans  cette  demeure  sacr^e  qu^avec  terreur  et  R^pect! 

O  Mort !  que  ton  approche  est  terrible  pour  rhoaime  qui  Imi^ 
meota  sa  Tie  dies  vaines  inquietudes  de  ce  moiuie,  et  qui  at  Irfa 
jamais  les  yeux  rers  le  ciel. 

Mortel,  rach^te  le  temps;  mets  k  profit  Finstant  o&  ta  : 
tu  touches  aux  bords  de  r^emit6 ;  tu  ?as  bicnl5t 
•ont  ceux  que  tu  contemples  ici. 

(1)  Mane.  Aurel. 

(2)  Jerem.  c.  viii,  1,  2. 
(i)  Psabn  XXI,  T.  14. 
(4)  Racine,  ReUg.  c.  ii. 


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IBS  cjLTkcomts.  345 

Le  ctrcoeil  est  k  borne  oi&s*arrlt^nt  tousles  desseins  des  hommes. 
Ajnbitioiiy  to  p«uz  aller  jasqae-U;  mais  tu  ne  passenis  point  an- 
deU. 

Ln. 

FONTAINS  OB  LA.  SaMJLBITAIKB. 

Qmnis  qui  bibit  ex  aqua  hac,  sitiet  iteium.  Qui  autem  bibeiit  ex 
aqua  quam  ego  dabo  ei,  non^  sitiet  in  nternum ;  sed  aqua  quam  ego 
dabo  ei,  fiet  in  eo  fons  aquas  salientis  in  yitam  SBternam.  (1) 

Lin.. 

Ports  ou  Port  IftAHON. 

Quocumqneii^Srederis,  sequitur  mors,  corporis  umbra.  (2) 

LIT. 

Tek  qu*un  flambeau  qui  se  consume  en  s'alhnnant,  nous  commen- 
fons  &  mourir  en  naissant.  (3) 

LV. 

Crypts  ds  l*  EccLisi  asts. 
Memento  Creatoris  tui  ua  diebus  juTentutis  tuas,  antequam  reniat 
tempus  a£3ictionis.  (4) 

Memento  irsB  in  die  consummationis.  (5) 
Memento  noyissimorum,  noli  oblirisd.  (6) 
Memento  iras,  quoniam  non  tardabit.  (7) 

LTI. 
Crypts  d'O VIDE. 
Tendimus  hue  omnes,  metam  prc^>eramus  ad  unam 

Omnia  sub  leges  mors  Tocat  atra  anas. 
Scilicet  omne  sacrum  mors  importuna  profanat 
Omnibus  obscuras  injicit  iUa  manus.  (8) 

Lvn. 

Upon  the  rock  in/ront  of  the  stairs  of  the  Lower  Catacombs. 
Umbrarum  bic  locus  est  somni,  noctisque  soporas. 

(1)  Gosp.  by  John,  c.  ir,  t.  13,  14. 
P)Cat./>i#.  lib.iT,T.  37. 

(3)  Bfarc.  Aurel. 

(4)  Ecclesiastes,  12, 1. 

(5)  Ecclesiasticus,  18, 24. 

(6)  Ibid.  38,21. 

(7)  Ibid.  7, 18. 

(8)  Ofid. 


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346  CtMBYltllS. 

LVnL 

Principal  Alley  of  the  Lower  Catacombi. 

La  mime  loi  paitoot  suivie 
Nooa  toiimct  tons  au  mlm«  fort. 
Le  premier  momept  de  la  Tie 
Eft  le  premier  paf  ?erf  la  mort. 

UX. 

Notre  e^it  n'eft  qu  im  fooffle,  mie  ombre  pafsag^, 
Et  le  corpf  qu'ii  anime  mie  oendie  Ug^, 
Dont  la  mort  chaque  jour  prooye  linfirmiU. 
Etouffib  \A%  Ou  tard  daDf  fef  braf  in?iiiciblef, 
Nouf  feronf  toof  alorf  cada?ref  iiuenfiblef 
Gon^e  n'ajant  lanais  M.  (1) 

LX. 

Qa*eft-ce  que  la  mort?  Eft-ce  diffipation,  rtolutioo  en  ffoao, 
an^Dtiffement?  oa,  comme  la  naiffanoe,  eft-eQe  on  uijftiie  de  If 
ttmirt,  one  nouf ede  eombinaifoo  des  raAnes  llteeof  ?  (2) 

LXI. 
T£iiFi.B  OB  ul  MomT. 
Un  moi^lre  fam  raifon,  aoffi  bien  qtte  fanf  yeoz. 
Eft  la  dirinit^  qa*on  adore  en  cef  lieuz ; 
On  Tappelle  la  Mort,  et  fon  cruel  empire 
S'^tend  ^galemenr  f  ur  toot  ce  qui  respire.  (3) 

LXIL 

Quelle  pr^fOMption  k  rhomme  de  coupler  for  le 
(Ki  eft-il  ce  lendemain  7  Combien  d^bommof  iront  lo  < 
de  ce  monde !    Ici-baf  il  n  eft  f4r  pour  perfonne.  (4) 

LXIII. 

Combien  de  ceoic  ipri  ^taient  enlr^  danf  le  nonde  at«c  toi  m 
font  d^j&  fortif !  Leur  Tie  a  ^1^  moiffonn^  mmt  des  4pif  dvt 
leff  unf  font  mArf  et  lef  autref  encore  Tertf .  (5) 

(1)  J.-B.  Rouffeau. 

(2)  Marc.  Aurel. 

(3)  PhUip  Habert*f  Temple  of  Death, 

(4)  Marc.  Aurel. 

(5)  Marc,  Aurel. 


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LU  CATAOMiBES.  ZVI 

lhv- 

GdaNO  PlLlBR  StrVLCRAJ^  SZ8   NuiTS   GL£M£MTllfES  SOUS   LA. 

Tombs  Isonis. 
Esistenza  dielf  Uom.    Solo  un  istante 
Infra  il  nulla  e  la  ton^  altro  non  sei : 
.  AUa  fpdtUiool  fiero  orrano  ayante, 
Bfiatrabil  ctoniparsa,  anne  e  trofet; 
Fugge  la  tda,  e  appar  camViato  il  90^ 
In  erto  si  ma  ruinoso  sco^o.  (1) 

LXV. 

Pvrlale,  orridi  ayaozi;  or  che  rinane 
Dei-Tantad  d*  onor  gradi,  t  contrast!? 
Non  son  folUe  disoguaglianze  timane? 
Ore  son  tanti'nomi,  e  tanti  fasti? 
E  poichd  andar  del  mortal  fango  search! 
Che  dist!ngue  !  pastor  da!  gran  monarclii.  (2) 

LXVI. 

Esistenza  dell'  Uom?  t^  brere  arrersa 
Troppo  a!  desir  la  deca  gente  a^usa 
E  a  mille  obietti  friyoli  conyersa, 
L*  omagio  d'on  pensier  poi  ti  ricusa, 
Ma  yegetando  coQ'  errore  a  lato 
Muore  al  di  mille  yolte  anzt  suo  fato.  (3) 

Lxvn. 

0  poca  oscura  cenere,  ti  yeggo 

E  mal  ci6  cha  m'inspiri,  esprimer  lento ; 
lo  leggo  in  te  dure  yicende,  io  leggo, 

1  perigli  d*un  tardo  pentimento ; 

£  mentre  in  te  riguardo,  e  a  te  ripenso 
M!*appare  il  mondo  on  punto  nell*  iopnenso.  (4) 

LXVUI. 
In  the  Alley  qf  the  Obelisk  qf  the  Lower  Calacombs. 
Insens^,  nous  parlous  ea  maitref. 
Nous  qui  daas  Foc^an  des  ^tres 

(!)  Notti  Clemeniini,  poema  in  morte  deUa  santa  memoria  di 
Clemente  Xir. 
(2)  Noui  Clemen,  i,  8. 
(^  Ibid,  i,  6. 
(4)  Ibid,  i,  9. 


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348  CXMRUIES. 

Nageons  triiiemeiit  confoodus; 
Nous  dont  Fezisteiice  Ug^, 
PareiOe  k  Fomhre  passage. 
Commence,  parait,  et  n*eit  plug.  (I) 

Lxa. 

Stat  raa  cuique  dies;  brere  et  irreparabik  tcmpsi 
Omnibus  est  ritv ;  sed  (amam  eztendere  ftctis. 
Hoc  yirtutis  opus.  (2) 

LXX. 
Upon  the  Cippus* 
Primiim  non  ni^,  alteram  qoikm  cit6  moiL  (3) 
LXXI. 
Inscription  of  the  Sepulchrol  Lamp. 
Quelle  est  ta  destin^e,  homme  pr^somptaeuz? 
Ici-bas  ta  dur^  ^htoere  et  ddbile 
Est  plus  fragile,  bdas !  que  la  lompe  d*ar^Ie 
Qui,  dans  ce  gonffire  obacur,  ftelaire  de  set  feoz. 

LXXn. 

PlXilER  D*HoRACE. 

Pallida  mors  aequo  pulsat  pede 
Paupenim  tabemas  ^;;egumque  turres. 

Lxxm. 

Gryfte  dx  BLllhxbbe. 
La  mort  a  ses  rigueurs  k  nuUe  autre  pareiUes ; 

On  a  beau  la  prier. 
La  craelle  qu^elle  est  se  boucbe  les  oreilles, 

Et  nous  laisse  crier. 
Le  paurre  en  sa  cabane,  ou  le  chaume  le  coune, 

Elit  sujet  4  ses  lois; 
Et  la  garde  qui  veille  auz  barri^res  du  Loutts 

rPen  defend  pas  nos  Rois. 
De  murmurer  contre  elle  et  perdre  patieiioe, 

n  est  mal  4  propos ; 
Youloir  ce  que  Dieu  Teat,  est  la  seole  science 

Qni  nous  met  en  repos.  (4) 

L  X,  T.  457. 
stances^  lir.  1 10. 


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LBS  CAtACOMBES.  349^ 

LXXIV. 

Crtptx  d*Anacbeon. 

T/  fAOf  4for«K,  Ti  ftor'  ylw 

li  ti  TOf  Bhv  vKM^ifJUU.  (i) 

LXXV. 
Onme  crede  diem  tibi  diluxifse  supremum.  (2) 

LXXVI- 

Le  Iripftft  Yieni  tout  fu^iir ; 

Mais  ne  bougeons  d^oii  oous  soimnes ; 

Plutdt  sonffirir  que  mourir, 

Cest  la  derise  des  hommes.  (3) 

Lxxvn. 

• 
Debilem  facito  manu 
Debilem  pede,  coxA ; 
Tuber  adstrue  gibbemm, 
Lubricos  quate*  dente|c 
Yita  dum  super  est,  bene  est 
Hanc  mihi,  Tel  acutA 
Sisedeamcmcesustine.  (4) 

Lxxvni. 

Sicut  unda  dies  uostri  fluxerunt. 

Lxxrx. 

Consummatum  est.  (5) 
LXXX. 

GrTPTE  DBS  VANITiS. 

Yanitai  Tanitatum,  omnia  yanitas. 

(i)  Anacreon. 

(2)  Horace. 

(3)  La  Fontaine. 

(4)  Mecenas,  presenred  by  Senecai  Epist.  iOl. 

(5)  Go^.  by  John,  zix,  30. 


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350  C£M£TEMB8. 

Door  of  the  Tombb  laoimE. 

Lata  porta  et  spaciosa  yia  est  qua  ducit  ad  perditioocn.  (I) 

LXXXIL 

Noctel  Btqne  dies  patet  atri  janna  dhis.  (2) 

Lxxxm. 

Cur  non  ut  plenus  Tits  conriya  recedls.  (3) 

Lxxxrv. 

Jboife  the  Door, 

Non  metuit  morfem,  qai  scH  oootenmere  Tttam.  (4) 

LXJLXy. 

La  tombe  est  un  asile,  et  k  raort  un  bieBiait.  fS) 

LXXXYI. 
Grand  Vestibule  of  the  Lower  Cedmmwdts. 

Ossa  arida 
Audite  Terbom  DooMBi, 
Intromittam  in  tos  |pintnm  et  TtretiSy 

Et  dabo  tKfper  tos,  nerros 
Et  succrescere  faciam  super  tos  carattf 
Et  supereztendam  in  vos  cntfin ; 
Et  dabo  tos  spirituro; 
Et  Tiretis  ossa  arida.  (6) 

Lxxxrn. 

Passage  leading  mUof  the  Catacombs. 
Mors  te  manet  certissiroa ; 

Incerta  sed  mortis  dies. 
Ut  mente  semper  txcub«s, 

Homo,  btet  lux  ultima.  (7) 

(1)  Gosp.  by  Biatth.  yii,  13. 

(2)  VirgU.  bb.  vi. 

(3)  Lucret.  lib.  iii. 

(4)  Cato,  Dis,  lib.  iT,'T.  22. 

(5)  Roucher,  Printetnps  dun  Proscrit,  ch.  iii. 

(6)  Ezekiel,  chap.  Txxfii. 

(7)  Heietle. 


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LE8  CATACOXns.  ^51 

Lxxxvm.  c  : 

Ficilb  ^esc^ayiis  Afeiw; 
Noctes  atque  dies  patet  idri  japua  diti?  i 
Sed  retocare  gfadum,  superasque  eyadere.ad  auras, 
Hoc  opus,  hie  labor  est.  (i) 

The  Album  which  is  kept  at  the  Catacomhs  is  Aot  a  little 
characteristic  of  the  French  nation; — it  contains  n  great 
many  effusions  of  sentiment^  a  few  of  devotioQal  feelinjp^ 
and  numerous  miserable  witticisms  and  profligate  brava- 
does. Of  the  latter,  the  two  followmg  will  serve  as  a  spe- 
cimen : — 

Disciples  de  Ranee,  ces  lieux  sauront  tous  plaire : 
Un  fUence  Sterne!,  at  la  nuic  en  plein  Jour, ' 

Y  faTorisent  la  pri^re. 
Yenec-y :  quan^  4  moi,  )e  le  db  sana  d^our, 
Xaiine  mieuz  en  plain  vent  admirer  la  lumiere, 

£t  fgter  tour  k  tour 
Bacchus  et  la  gatttf,  mes  amis  et  Tamour. 


Qu'on  se  moque  de  moi,  que  partout  on  me  gWse, 
Je  me  rends,  et  je  ax>is  a  la  m^empsjcose. 
Oui,  le  fait  est  certain,  apr^  Tinstant  fatal, 
ChacuB  de  nous  derieut  arbre,  plante,  ammal. 
Ici  yai  recoann  la  sceur  de  i^n  gra»dpire» 
MoQ  onde,  men  cousin,  ma  nourrice  et  mon  ir^re. 
Mais,  grand  Dieu !  qu'ils  ^taieut  change, 
Ms  ^taient  tous  en  os  raug^i  (orangers). 

The  calcinations  differ  as  to  the  number  of  bones  col- 
lected in  this  vast  charnel-house.  It  is,  however,  cer- 
tain that  it  contains  the  remains  of  at  least  three  millions 
of  human  beings. 

A  faint  mouldering  smell  is  perceived,  but  not  to  any 
unpleasant  or  dangerous  degree. 

Two  cabinets  have  been  formed  in  the  catacombs  by 
M.  Hericart  de  Thury.  One  is  a  mineralogical  collection 
of  all  the  strata  of  the  quarries;  the  other  is  a  pathologi- 

(i)  J&etd.lib.  vi. 


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352  OtMBTElIKS. 

cal  assemblage  of  diseased  bones»  scientifically  arranged. 
There  is  likewise  a  table,  on  which  are  exposed  the  sknUs 
most  remarkable  either  for  their  formation,  or  the  marks 
of  disease  which  they  bear. 

It  is  in  contemplation  to  form  a  more  characteristic  cs- 
trance  to  the  Catacombs  than  that  which  they  at  present 
possess.  The  spot  selected  is  a  slanting  piece  of  groanl 
called  la  Fos$e  aux  Lions,  not  far  from  the  enter  boale- 
Tardy  between  the  barrier  Saint  Jacques  and  the  banier 
de  la  Sant^.  An  avenue,  about  two  hundred  yards  lon^ 
planted  vfifh  cypresses,  will  lead  from  the  boolerard  to 
the  lower  part  of  the  fosse,  and  open  into  the  grand  pi- 
lery  of  the  Catacombs*  The  entrance  will  be  adocned 
wi^  architecture  of  a  suitable  style.  At  the  extremity 
of  the  avenue  next  the  boulevard  two  pavilions  will  be 
erected,  one  to  serve  as  a  dwelling  for  the  keeper,  and 
the  other  for  the  reception  of  vbitors  waiting  for  i 

In  the  month  of  April,  1814,  the  Russian  troopt  1 
a  camp  in  the  plain  of  Mont  Souris.  As  soon  as  cfcej 
learned  that  the  Catacombs  were  established  beneath  il, 
they  respected  the  entrance,  and  were  eager  to  vml  the 
vast  subterranean  sepulchre.  In  passing  through  the  va- 
rious galleries  they  manifested  close  observation,  and  ex- 
pressed sentiments  of  piety. 

The  emperor  of  Austria,  who,  during  his  sojonm  In 
the  French  capital,  inspected  all  the  public  monuiinli. 
visited  the  Catocombs  on  the  16th  of  May,  1814.  Thk 
was  the  first  time  they  had  ever  been  visited  by  a  i 
reign.  His  majesty,  attended  by  a  numerous  suite,  < 
mined  minutely  every  part  of  these  caverns,  and  betrayed 
great  emotion  when  before  the  spot  where  the  rrmiim  ^ 
the  victims  of  the  2d  and  3d  of  September  are  deponle4« 
Several  of  the  inscriptions  also  arrested  the  monarckU 
attention,  and  he  repeated  them  in  an  energetic  tone. 


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353 


CEMETERIES. 


In  the  year  1790,  the  National  A^semblj  passed  a 
law  expressly  prohibiting  interment  within  churches,  and 
commanding  all  towns  and  villages  to  disuse  their  old 
burial-places,  and  form  new  ones  at  a  certain  distance 
from  their  dwellings.  During  the  revolutionary  tyranny 
irfiich  soon  after  ensued,  when  it  was  proclaimed  that  death 
is  an  eternal  sleep,  men  were  buried  without  any  ceremony, 
or  memorial  to  mark  the  spot  where  they  lay.  But  in  the 
spring  of  1800,  a  decree  was  published  by  the  prefect  of 
the  department  of  the  Seine,  which  is  curiously  charac- 
teristic in  all  respects.  He  begins  by  announcing, 
that  le$  institutions  funiraires  sent  un  des  premiers 
besoins  de  la  civiHsatian.  Those,  hv  say^,.  which  had 
fallen  into  disuse  in  consequence  of  the  ^erolution,  sur- 
rounded the  funerals  of  the  rich  with  splendour,  and  ac- 
corded nothing  to  the  poor  but  the  melancholy  emblems 
of  misery  and  desertion  :  those  which  were  in  use  treated 
rieb  aQd  poor  with  the  same  neglect;  and  public  opinion, 
in  consonance  with  morality,  condemned  the  nakedness 
of  the  actual  mode  of  burial.  It  became  the  first  city  of 
the  republic  to  command,  by  its  example,  the  decency  of 
interment;  and,  above  all,  to  consecrate  the  care  of  the 
burktl  of  the  poor  as  a  duty  of  public  piety.  Three  ceme- 
teries were  therefore  to  be  inclosed  for  the  use  of  Paris, 
of  a  certain  extent,  and  at  a  distance  of  one  mile  from  the 
walls.  In  the  centre  of  each  a  Luctuaire,  or  Salle  de 
Deuil,  was  to  be  ereoled,  destined  to  receive  the  funeral 
procession,  and  consecrated  to  the  ceremony  which  might 
precede  the  act  of  interment.  Six  funeral  temples  were 
to  be  built  in  Paris,  to  serve  as  dep6ts  before  the  funeral. 
A  mode  of  burial  cooimon  to  all  was  to  be  established. 
The  canmiune  of  Paris  was  to  defray  the  expense  for  the 

VOL.    III.  z 


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354  GEMKTEItlSS. 

poor,  but  in  all  other  cases  it  was  to  be  reimbarted  by 
means  of  a  burial-tax.  Families  might  incur  any  additioMl 
expense  that  they  pleased  :• — il  sera  permis  de  eanmcrerdti 
Mouvenin  data  Us  encloi  de  la  s^mtiurepubU^ue,  par  4s$ 
tnscriptione,  dee  dnoUiphei,  et  autree  fnanumems  fwiU- 
bres*  Of  course,  in  such  cases,  a  price  was  to  be  paid  kt 
the  ground.  The  use  of  public  coffins  was  forbiddoi;  tbn 
is,  of  those  coffins  which  only  served  for  carrying  tfae  body 
to  the  grare:  for  it  appears  that  the  dead  were  often, 
perhaps  most  frequently,  interred  without  one«  Ik 
lume  of  all  the  p^ons  attached  to  this  dq>artiDen(t 
regulated  with  as  much  precision  as  that  of  the  DireeUvy 
themselves. 


VordoTuiateur  principal  z-^ILMl  long,  retle  et  pawtalon  de  Aif 
▼idet  i  bottinet;  maftean  court  de  dnp  noir ;  chapean  rekfii  it 
trois  cOt^,  et  gaEiy  <i'un  plumet  noir. 

Vordonnateurparticulier : —Habit,  Teste  et  pantalon  de  dnp  aoir : 
bottines ;  manteau  court  de  drap  violet ;  chapeau  rdeT^  par  dsfirt* 
et  surmont^  d'une  aigrette  Tiolette;  la  forme  do  chapeao  eaeemim 
d*un  cr^pe  noir  retombant  jusqu*4  la  ceintnre;  bitoa  dAim  at- 
moBtd  d'uue  ume  d'ivoire. 

Le  gardien  du  d^positoire : — Habit,  Teste  et  pamtiVwi  de  Aap 
grisfonc^;  boutons  noirs ;  chapeau  releT^  par  derani. 

Les  par  tears : — Yette  k  manchei,  et  paiitakm  de  dnp  gm  kmaii 
boutCHit  et  paremens  noirs;  bottinet;  manteau  dedrap  gris  JiKf 
dant  jusqu  au  genou  ;  collet  et  agraflTesnoin;  chapeau  rood  ff  r< 
d'un  cr^pe.  • 

Vhomme  du  service  du  d^sitoire  :^^Veslt  4  siandici  ^F*^* 
talon  de  dnp  gris ;  paremens  et  boutons  noin;  botiinei. 

Les  conductcurs  de^hars ;— Habit  gris,  coUet,  parcneM  el  b«»-* 
tons  noirs;  gilet  et  pantalon  noin;  bottines;  chapeau  rood,  ettm^^ 
d'un  cr^pe.  ' 

These  regulations,  in  tbemselves  good,  wef«  b  greftt 
part  disregarded. 

In  1804,  an  imperial  decree  was  issued,  repcalnic  tke 
prohibition  of  interment  in  churches,  or  within  the  bouada 
of  a  town.     High  ground,  exposed  U  the  north,  was,  kj 


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1 


GEMETEBIES.  355 

this  decree^  to  be  chosen  for  cemeleried;  and  every  corpse  - 
'was  to  be  interred  in  a  separate  grave,  from  a  metre  and  a 
half  to  two  metres  deep,  and  the  earth  well  trodden  down* 
There  was  to  be  a  certain  distance  between  the  graves, 
which  were  not   to  be  re-opened  till  after  five    years. 
Another  imperial  decree,  in  1811,  consigned  the  whole 
funeral  business  of  the  metropolis  to  one  undertaker-gene- 
ral, arranged  funerals  into  six  classes,  and  appointed  a 
tariff  whereby  the  expense  of  every  separate  article  and 
assistant  was  determined ;  the  sum  total  in  any  of  the 
classes  could  not  be  exceeded,  but  might  be  diminished  if 
the  family  of  the  deceased  chose  to  strike  out  any  thing  from 
the  list.  The  entire  expenses  of  the  first  class  amounted  to 
4282  francs ;  of  the  second,  to  1800 ;  of  the  third,  to  700 ; 
of  the  fourth,  to  250 ;  of  the  fifth,  to  100 ;  and  of  the  sixth 
and  last,  to  16.     The  tarif  may  probably  be  observed; 
but  in  spite  of  the  wholesome  part  of  these  regulations,  the 
huge  common  graves  or  trenches  are  as  much'in  use  in 
the  new  cemeteries  as  they  were  in  the  old,  and  the  great 
men  of  Bonaparte's  reign  were  interred  in  the  cr3rpts  of 
Sainte  Genevieve. 

The  cemeteries  of  Parb  are  four  in  number ;  viz.  the 
CimaUre  de  Mommartre,  the  CimctUre  du  P^rc  La- 
chaise,  that  dc  Faugirctrd,  and  that  de  Sainte  Catherine. 
They  are  laid  out  in  a  picturesque  style  ;  the  monuments 
are  generally  in  good  taste,  and  many  of  the  inscriptions 
are  interesting.  These  burial-grounds  may  be  caosidered 
as  public  promenades;  parties  are  made  to  visit  them; 
and  in  their  neighbourhood  are  established  guinguettes, 
where  refr^hment  may  be  obtained.  On  Sundays,  in 
particular,  they  are  the  resort  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
capital.  On  All  Souls'  Day,  which  i^  set  apart  in  the 
Romish  church  for  the  commemoration  of  the  dead,  whole 
families  of  the  Parisians  visit  the  graves  of  their  relations. 


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356  cemeterhs. 

Women,  in  mourning  apparel,  r^peat^the  prayers  for  the 
dead  over  the  grave,  and  men  are  seen  prostrate  upcm 
the  ground. 

Having  thus  given  a  general  view  of  the  or^in  of  ibe 
Parisian  cemeteries,  we  shall  now  present  a  more  parti- 
cular description  of  them. 

GniETifeBE  DE  MoHTHABTBB.^^Tfais  comelery  u  aitoaled 
irilhout  the  walls,  on  the  north  of  the  capital,  kiifixu  Che 
Ikarrier  Blanche  and  the  barrier  Montmartre.  It  was  the 
fiHt  established  after  ^  suppression  of  hnrial-plaoes  in 
the  eity,  and  was  originally  named  U  Champ  dc  Jkpot. 
Its  extent  was  very  incomideraUe ;  hot,  in  1819,  it  wis 
enlarged,  and  now  consists  of  about  thirty  acres.  Thb 
sp<yt  was  formerly  a  gypaum  qnarry;  and  tfie  inr^nbrity 
of  the  ground,  refsuhing  from  that  circumstance,  gives  k 
a  picturesque  and  romantic  appearance.  To  the  left,  oo 
etitering,  is  a  sandy  elevation  of  tii^  natural  so3,  Aeiliuiug^ 
towards  the  west,  at  the  bottom  of  vehidi  are  the  C4iiii»oii 
trenches.  The  tombs  in  general  are  plain,  tod  the  in- 
scriptions, for  the  most  part,  are  expressive  of  the  attach 
ment  and  regret  of  kindred  and  friends. 

Near  the  gtfte  is  a  large  monument,  erected  by  Madame 
liarmoyer  to  the  memory  of  her  huskand.  It  is  adonel 
with  a  bas-relief,  representing  M.  Larmoyer  upon  hi» 
death^bed.  At  the  foot  of  the  bed  is  a  genius,  hdMing  in 
ills  right  hand  a  crown,  and  in  his  left  an  inverted  lam- 
beau.  At  the  head  appears  the  widow,  surrounded  by 
her  three  sons  and  her  daughter.  The  expression  of  grsef 
in  the  countenances  of  these  figures  is  admirably 
cuted.  The  widow  and  her  daughter  survived  M. 
only  a  few  months,  and  were  buried  in  the  same  to«k 

A  lofty  altar^osib  is  consecrated  to  the  memory  of  IL 
Legouv6,  member  of  the  Institute,  and  author  of  the 
poem  entitled  U  Mirite  des  Pemmes,  who  died  aa  1812. 


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CIHBTI^RE  DM  MOMTNARTRE.  357 

It  Standi  in  iba.iBidsl  of  sbnib^,  and  is  sorrounded  Jby  an 
iron  raiting.  NeHf  it  is  a  stone  bench,  on  which  the  poet 
used  to  sit  and  lament  his  wife»  who  died  in  1809. 

A  plain  lofty  monument,  situated  in  a  garden,  covers  the 
remains  of  the  celebrated  actress  Adrienne  Chameroy,  yAo 
died  on  the  2Sd  Vendemiaire,  an  XI,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  years.  The  priests  6f  Saint  Roch,  to  which  pSsrish 
she  belonged,  refused  her  the  rites  of  intermeht,  until 
commanded  to  perform  them  by  sorereign  authority. 

Upon  a  plain  stone  is  the  followmg  pathetic  inscrip- 
tion : — 

Mademoiselle  Yofaiais,  du  Tfadilre  Francais,  «nz  M^kies  de  Dame 
y  eore  Crooet. 
Gelle  qai  dort  ici,  d^  ma  prcmi^  atirore. 
Me  combla  de  ses  soins,  de  ses  teadres  secowv; 
Quand  je  serai,  comme  elle,  au  terme  de  mes  jours, 
Mes  yeux,  ea  se  fermant,  la  pleoreront  encore. 

In  traversing  the  valleys  of  this  inclosure  we  meet  with 
the  monuments  of  several  celebrated  personages,  and, 
among  others,  those  of  Dazincourt^  actor  and  professor  at 
the  Conservatoire,  and  of  the  viscount  de  la  Tour  Du  Pin, 
With  an  epitaph  by  Delille.  Next  to,  the  latter  lies  the 
famous  dancer,  Vestrts. 

On  a  marble  slab,  under  the  shade  of  a  poplar  and  a 
cypress,  is  an  epitaph  to  the  memory  of  Saint  I^mberl, 
author  of  the  beautifiil  poem  of  the  Seasons,  who  died  in 
1303.  There  is  also  a  monument  of  the  celebraied  sculp- 
tor Pigalle. 

The  mesi  singular  qiitaph  tp  be  found  here  is  4he  fol- 
lowing:— 

J.  B.  Very, 

Ddc^d^  ^  Paris,  le  2i  Janvier,  1809. 

Bon  frere,  ami  sincere, 

Tonte  sa  Tie  iiit  oonsacr^ 

Auz  arte  utiles. 


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358  CEtf£T<EI£8: 

If  it  be  recollected  that  Messrs.  Very,  brothers,  hife 
been,  and  are  still,  the  most  celebrated  resUMuraUun  of 
the  French  capital,  there  are  few  who  will  dispute  that 
M,  J.  B.  Very's  life  was  usefullj  employed. 

GiMBTikRB  Du  PkRB  Lachaise. — This  comotery  is  sitoaled 
on  the  east  of  Paris,  and  is  approached  by  the  baimr 
d'Aulnay.     It  is  formed  of  grc^d  ^diich  surrounded  the 
house  of  the  Jesuits,  called  Maisan  de  Mont  Lomii,*  aad 
was  purchased  by  Pfere  La  Chaise,  confessor  of  Louis  JEIF., 
upon  his  being  appointed  superior  of  that  estaMisfameot 
in  1676.  The  situation  of  the  Maison  de  Mont  Louis,  upou 
the  slope  of  a  hill,  surrounded  by  luxuriant  Talleys  and 
rising  grounds,  and  commanding  an  extensive  Tiew  of  a 
picturesque  and  glowing  landscape,  rendered  it  a  suit^b 
sojourn  for  P^re  La  Chaise,  whose  love  of  magnifioeaoe 
and  pleasure  is  undisputed.    He  spared  no  expense  to  make 
it  a  splendid  and  agreeable  retreat.  The  house  was  enlarged, 
and  an  extensive  tract  of  land  which  he  added  to  il  was 
laid  out  in  pleasure  grounds,  flower  gardens,  an  orangery, 
and  an  orchard.  The  Maison  de  Mont  Louis,  both  befiire  and 
after  the  death  of  P^re  La  Chaise,  which  took  place  on  the 
20th  of  January,  1709,  was  the  focus  of  intrigue.    Bcre 
was  formed  the  project  for  revoking  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
which  occasioned  so  much  loss  to  France,  by  compdliog 
a  great  number  of  inhabitants  to  seek  refuge  in  fiNeiga 
countries,  whither  they  transferred  their  talents  ani  in- 
dustry.  From  hence  were  bsued  the  dragonnades  whiek 
deluged  the  Cevennes  with  blood;   and  those  no  Im 
terrible  lettrei  de  cachet,  by  means  of  which  the  Jeials 
imprisoned,  proscribed,  and  tortured  a  multitude  of  Im- 
senists,  their  adversaries.     During  the  life  of  the  sokiiB 
but  powerful  confessor,  his  residence  was  daily  ihianrJ 
by  the  most  distinguished  personages  of  the 
*  See  vd.  n.,  page  209. 


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aHETliEB  DU  ftfM  LA  CHAISE.  359 

city,  ambitious  to  possess  his  favour,  or  to  avoid  his 
displeasure. 

Upon  the  suppression  of  the  order  of  the  Jesuits^  Mont 
Loub  was  sold  by  a  decree,  dated  August  81, 1763,  to  pay 
the  creditors  of  the  community.  It  afterwards  passed 
through  several  hands,  and  was  at  length  purchased  by 
the  prefect  of  the  department  of  the  Seine,  to  be  con- 
verted into  a  cemetery.  M.  Brogniart  was  appointed  to 
adapt  this  spot  to  its  new  destination;  and  in  drawing  his 
plan,  that  skilful  architect  preserved  whatever  could  be 
rendered  subservient  to  the  use  or  embellishment  of  the 
new  establishment.  To  render  access  easy  to  different 
points  winding  paths  were  formed;  a  wide  paved  road  was 
opened  to  the  ancient  mansion  of  P&re  La  Chaise,  and 
with  the  shrubs  and  fruit-trees  were  mingled  cypresses  and 
weeping  willows.  Upon  the  site  of  the  Maison  de  MoQt  Louis 
it  was  intended  to  erect  a  colossal  pyramid,  the  base  of 
which  was  to  have  served  as  a  chapel  for  the  performance 
of  the  burial  service;  but  this  part  of  the  design  vras  aban- 
doned. In  1822,  the  house  was  demolished,  and  a  neat 
chapel,  after  the  designs  of  M.  Godde,  constructed  upon 
its  site. 

The  cemetery  of  P^re  La  Chaise  was  consecrated  in  the 
beginning  of  1804;  and  on  the  21st  of  May,  of  the  same 
year,  the  first  corpse  wts  buried  there.  The  number  of 
persons  since  interred  amounts  to  upwards  of  one  hundred 
thousand,  and  that  of  monuments  erected  to  about  sixteen 
thousand.  Its  extent,  of  nearly  eighty  acres,  is  entirely 
surrounded  by  walls.  The  advantageous  situation  possessed 
by  this  spot  has  occasioned  it  to  be  chosen  by  the  most 
distinguished  personages  as  the  place  of  their  interment; 
consequently  no  Parisian  cemetery  can  vie  with  that  of  P^re 
La  Chaise  in  the  number  and  beauty  of  its  monuments. 


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360  CEMETIEtlS. 

Some  of  them,  of  grand  dimensions  and  elqs^i  architee- 
lure,  ar«  in  the  form  of  temples,  sepulchral  chapeb^  bse- 
real  Taults,  pyramids  and  obelidu;  others  present  dppt, 
columns,  altars,  nms,  and  tombs  of  diversified  Corra*  j^ 
riously  ornamented;  manj  are  surrounded  by  ittclosaret 
of  wood  or  iron,  within  which  «re  planted  flowers  md 
shrubs;  and  near  them  are  benches,  to  which  kindred 
and  friends  repair  to  give  vent  to  feelmgs  of  aflbcCian  and 
regret.  A  subterranean  canal,  which  conTejed  water  to 
the  liaison  de  Mont  Louis,  still  exists,  and  furuahes  a  saf- 
ficient  supply  to  keep  the  plants  and  herbage  in  perfetsal 
terdure. 

In  this  cemetery  there  are  three  kinds  of  graTcs: — 
1.  The  fbsse^  communes,  four  feet  and  a  half  decf ,  ia 
which  the  poor  are  gratmtously  buried  in  oofins  placed 
close  to  each  other  without  any  intenrening  space,  hot  not 
upon  each  other.  These  trenches  are  re-opened  ererjSwe 
years,  that  term  being  sufficient  for  the  decompoiilian  ef 
bodies  in  this  clayey  soil.  2.  The  temporary  graraf,  wUA, 
upon  the  payment  of  50  francs,  are  held  for  lea  jears; 
but,  at  the  expiration  of  that  term,  are  reicHible»  nsi- 
withstanding  that  monuments  may  have  been  erected  afcr 
them.  3.  Perpetual  graves,  which  are  acquired  by  the 
purchase  of  the  ground  at  260  francs  per  metre/  and  ia 
which  fiimtlies  may  sink  Tanks  and  erect  monanieals  ai 
pleasure.  The  temporary  graves  may  be  made  petpdail 
by  purchase  previous  to  the  expnrati6n  of  the  ten  yeHK 
and  the  90  francs  originally  paid  is  then  dedactedfraaa  tk 
purchase-money. 

The  gate  of  the  cemetery  is  plain,  and  surmonnled  by  a 
cross;  it  leads  into  an  open  space,  on  the  right  af 

*  A  metre  u  three  feet  three  inches. 


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aiiETiiRB  ou  rkn  la  chaise.  36f 

are  the  dwellings  of  the  kedpe^  and  tb^  porier»  and  work- 
shops for  stone  and  marble-masons;  on  the  left  are  the 
fosses  communes,  and  in  front  is  the  chapel.  A  small 
spaee  beyond  the  porter's  lodge  is  appropriated  to  the 
burial  of  Jews;  and  the  rest  of  the  extensive  tract  is  de- 
voted to  the  interment  of  persons  of  different  classes, 
without  distinction  of  rank  or  religion. 

The  most  picturesque  and  interesting  monument  is  the- 
tomb  of  Abelard  and  Heloisa.     It  consists  of  a  sepulchral 
chapel  %f  Gothic  architecture,  formed  out  of  the  ruins  of 
the  celebrated  abbey  of  the  Paraclef ,  founded  by  Abelard, 
and  of  which  Heloisa  was  the  first  abbess.  Its  form  is  a  pa- 
rallelogram, fourteen  feet  in  length  by  eleven  in  breadth; 
audits  height  b  twenty-four.  A  steeple,  twelve  feet  in  eleva- 
tion, rises  out  of  the  roof,  and  four  smaller  steeples,  ex- 
quisitely sculptured,  terminate  the  angles.     Fourteen  co- 
liunns,  six  feet  in  height,  ornamented  with  diversified 
capitals,  support  ten  arches,  and  tke  latter  are  surmount- 
ed by  (Cornices  wrought  in  field  flowers.     The  fbtr  pedi- 
ments are  decorated  witli  bas-reliefs,  roses,  and  medal- 
lions of  Aboard  and  Heloisa.     The  principal  one  presents 
two  busts,  and  a  bas-relief  divided  into  three  pwts  :  in 
the  centre  b  Mount  Calvary;  on  the  left  is  Abelard  ill 
his  monastic  habit;  and  on  the  right  b  an  angel  holding 
in  his  arms  the  soul  of  Abelard.     The  opposite  one  is 
adorned  with  two  roses,  and  a  bas-relief  representing 
Abelard's  funeral.     The  two  lateral  pediments  ^re  orna- 
mented  with  roses  of  beautiful  workmanship.     In  this 
chapel  b  the  tomb  built  for  Abelard,  by  Pierre  le  Vene- 
rable, at  the  priory  of  SaiJirt  Marcel.     He  b  represented 
in  a  recumbent  posture,  the  head  slightly  inclined,  and 
the  hands  joined.     By  his  side  is  the  statue  of  Heloisa. 
The  bas-relieis  round  thb  sarcophagus  represent  the  fk- 


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962  cmnu£8. 

thers  of  the  clrarcb*    At  the  foot  b  the  fdlowing  ii 

tion  :* — 

Hie 
Sub  eodem  mannore  jacenl 

Hujus  monasterii 

Conditor  Petnis  AbflBlardns, 

Et  AbbatiMa  Hebissa, 

Olim  ftndiis,  ingenio,  amore,  infaustifl  nopCiB 

Et  poenitentiA, 

Nunc  SBteml,  qaod  speramus,  felicitate 

Conjunct!. 

Petros  Abflclardus  obiit  XX  primi  Aprilia  M.CXLflp 

Helpissa,  XYII  Maii  M.CLXm. 

Guns  CarolflB  de  Roucy  Paradeti  ahbatiane. 

M.D.CCLXXnC. 

On  the  side  of  the  tomb  is  the  following  inscriptioa.f 
which  refers  to  the  retractation  of  errors  apon  the  doc- 
trine of  the  Trinity^  attributed  to  Abelard : — 

Pierre  Ab^laid,  fondateur  de  celte  abbaje,  Tiyott  dmu  k  db«- 
si^e  si^e ;  il  se  distingua  par  son  saToir  ei  la  raret^  de  ion  mii'M: 
cependant  il  publia  un  trait^  de  la  Trinity  qui  fiit  eoodaoM^pv  «i 
concile  tenu  k  Soissons,  en  1120.  H  se  r^tracta  awcicde  atee  oof 
soumission  parfaite ;  et  pom*  t^oignar  qu*il  n*aTail  en  qac  diet  $em- 
liments  oithodoxes,  il  fit  faire  de  cette  pierre  ces  trots  fignrei  q« 
repr^sentent  les  trois  personnes  divines  dans  une  wftare,  ifra  avoir 
consacr^  cette  ^glise  au  Saint  Esprit,  qu*il  nomroa  Panckei^  par  Tsp> 
port  auz  consolations  qu*il  aToit  goiitto  pendant  la  retraite  ^^  fit  ca 
ce  lieu.  II  aroit  ^pous^  Heloise,  qui  en  fut  la  prend^  afabene. 
L*amour  qui  avoit  uni  leur  esprit  pendant  leur  Tie,  et  qui  tt  eo*" 
•enra  pendant  leur  absence  par  les  lettres  les  plus  tesdres  ct  ki  p^ 
•piritueUes^  a  r^uni  leurs  corps  dans  ce  tombeau.  II  awantf  ^  ^ 
ayril  1143,  Ag^  de  soixanie-trois  ans,  apres  a?oir  dona^f*  ^ 
Fautre  des  marques  d'une  vie  chr^tienne  et  spiritneDe. 

Par  tres-haute  et  tr^s-puissante  dame  Catherine  de  la  '. 
cauld,  abbesse,  le  3  juin  1701. 

*  This  insanplion  is  the  same  t^t  was  placed  opoo  m 
ment  erected  in  the  Abbey  of  the  Paradet  in  1779,  and  • 
at  the  rerolution. 

t  This  inscription  was  placed  on  the  wall  of  a  sepokhnl  cksp^ 
in  which  the  tomb  stood. 


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CIMKTliU  DU  Pill  LA  CHAISB.  '  363 

Ai  the  angles  of  the  monument  are  four  short  inscrip- 
tions relating  to  its  origin,  ite  removal,  and  erection  in 
the  Maste  des  Monomens  Francis,  rue  des  Petits  Augus- 
iins.* 

*  Abelard,  bebg  persecuted  for  his  religious  opinions,  and  con- 
demned by  a  council  held  at  Sens,  set  out  for  Rome,  in  1139,  in 
order  to  appeal  to  the  Pope  himself.  Upon  reaching  the  abbey  of 
Ouny,  Piene  le  Venerable  received  him  with  distinction,  and  dis- 
suaded hin^  from  prosecuting  his  journey.  He  had  spent  two  years 
at  this  abbey,  during  which  he  displayed  a  life  of  exemplary  piety, 
when,  being  atucked  by  an  acute  disease,  he  removed  for  change 
of  air  to  the  priory  of  Saint  Marcel,  near  ChAlons-sur-Sadne,  where 
he  died  on  the  24st  of  April  1142,  at  the  age  of  63  years.  He  was 
interred  in  the  chapel  of  the  priory,  in  a  tomb  buUt  by  Pierre  le 
Venerable,  which  bore  the  following  inscription : — 

Gallorum  Socrates,  Plato  Maximus  Hesperiarum, 
I^oster  Aristoteles,  Logicus  (quicumque  fuerunt) 
Aut  par  aut  melior^  studiorum  cognitus  orbi 
Princeps,  ingenio  varius,  subtilis  et  acer, 
Omnia  yi  superans  rationis  et  arte  loquendi, 
Abelardus  erat.    Sed  nunc  magis  omnia  vincit, 
Cum  Cluniacensem  monachum,  moremque  professus. 
Ad  Ghristi  veram  transivit  philosophiam 
In  qua  longaevaB  bene  complens  ultima  vitSB, 
Philosophis  quandoque  bonis  se  connumei*andum 
Spem  dedit,  imdenam  maio  renoyante  calendas. 

The  remains  of  Abelard  did  not  repose  long  in  this  tomb.  Heloisa 
acquainted  the  Abbot  of  duny,  that  her  husband  had  promised  that 
bis  body  should  be  deposited  at  the  abbey  of  the  Paraclet,  which  he 
himself  had  founded,  and  solicited  the  execution  of  the  promise. 
Pierre  le  Venerable  agreed  to  comply  with  her  request.  In  Novem- 
ber 1142,  he  visited  the  priory  of  Saint  Marcel  in  his  capacity  of 
superior;  and  in  the  night,  whilst  the  monks  were  asleep,  caused 
the  body  to  be  disinterred,  and  conveyed  to  the  abbey  of  the  ^Parar 
det,  where  it  was  deposited  in  a  chapel  called  Petit  Moustier,  which 
Abelhrd  himself  had  built. 

Heloisa  died  on  the  7th  of  May,  1163,  and,  in  conformity  to  her 
will,  was  buried  in  the  same  tomb  as  her  husband.  In|1497  their 
bodies  were  placed  in  separate  coflins,  transferred  to  the  grand 
church  of  the  abbey,  and  deposited  in  tombs  at  the  entrance  of  the 
choir.    In  1630  the  Abbess  Marie  de  la  Rochefoucauld  caused  the 


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364  csMEmiEs. 

In  aseending  tbe  hill,  on  Ibe  left,  is  a  plain  *t»iV  W 
lai^e  dimensions,  sarronndod  by  palisades,  wfaidi  on- 
tains  the  asbes  of  tbe  Frencb  Virgil*  and  bears  no 


two  tombs  to  be  pbiced  in  tbe  chapel  de  Is  Trinity 
Cstherine  de  la  Rochcfoacaald,  in  4776,  fonned  the  ptt^ed ai  t 
iog  a  new  montunent  to  the  memoiy  of  tke  founder  and  fiiat  ahhes 
of  her  monastery;  bat  it  was  not  executed  tiU  1779,  aaane  y«a 
after  her  death.  It  consisted  of  a  group  of  figures,  Ibraned  «^« 
single  block  of  stone,  representing  tbe  three  divine  persoiM,  ifoa 
an  equal  base  and  with  stmilar  ornaments,  except  tbeir  c^nr-> 
teristic  attributes.  The  inscriptions  upon  the  mnnnnnf  ^  md  il« 
chapel  wall  were  the  same  at  those  now  upon  tbe  tonb  in  the  cene> 
leryofP^re  la  Chaise. 

Upon  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries  in  1792,  tlie  ymiyj 
inhabitants  of  Nogent-sur-Seine  went  in  proceasioQ  to  tbe  ^4cy  ^ 
the  Paraclet,  to  transfer  the  remains  of  Abdard  and  flclnji  is  t 
Tault  in  their  church.  The  ceremony  was  conducted  with  mmdk 
pomp,  and  the  rector  pronounced  an  address  adapted  Id  tfe  occa- 
sion. The  group  representing  the  Trinity  was  pU^ced  op 
altar  in  front  of  the  yauTt,  where  it  remained  t31 1794^ 
Tolutionary  party  entered  the  church,  and  demolished  the 
tombs  and  altars.  The  monument  of  Abekrd  iras  spared,  lifl  a 
miscreant  remarking  that  the  figures  were  a  symbol  ofmdaisaper^ 
stition,  it  was  dashed  to  pieces. 

In  4799,  M.  Lenoir,  keeper  of  the  Mos^  des  BfaHncas  Framgais, 
obtained  permission  to  transport  the  remains  of  Abdaid  md  lUVaua 
to  Paris.  For  thb  purpose  he  lepaired  to  the  church  of  Kogcas,  en 
the  2dd  of  April,  1800,  accompanied  by  tbe  magistiilei  oClbe  dty. 
and  the  remains  were  surrendered  to  him.  They  wcie  m  e  kaicn 
coflb,  divided  by  a  portilion,  and  bearing  on  the  sides  Ibe  namci  ^ 
Abekrd  and  HeloiBa.  Upon  opening  the  coffin  many  ef  ibe  hmm 
were  found  in  good  preserration.  Of  Abebard  there  rmmamtiiA^ 
▼ertebrsB,  parts  of  the  thi^  and  I^  bones,  and  a  nrniaiJuAb  fth 
lion  oftheseuU and  lower  jaw-boM.  Of  Hsloisa  there  nasanmaw 
scull,  the  lower  )aw4x>ne  divided  into  two,  sod  the  tb%h,  am.  mi 
leg  bones  entire.  M.  Lenoir  erected  in  tbe  gardoiefUft*  nMSflims 
sepulchral  chapel  formed  of  the  ruins  of  tbe  Mmf  of  dac  ftasrbt 
The  tomb  budt  for  Abelard  by  Pism  le  Teneieble  m  the  pdacy 
of  Saint  Biarcel  was  «t  that  time  in  the  pamnrntm  oimphymam  at 
Ghllons,  who  sent  it  to  M.  Lenoir.  In  this  tomb,  horn  nhich  ihe 
body  of  Abehnti  bad  been  removed  nearly  seres  < 
the  remains  were  deposited,  and  pbioed  in  the  sepaicbnl 


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CIMETIllftE  DU  PiRE  Lk  CHAISE.  365 

lion  but  his  name — Jacques  Dblille.  Near  it  is  an  altar^ 
tomb  to  the  memory  of  the  celebrated  composer  Gretry; 
and  a  square  monument,  presenting/in  a  niche,  a  marble 
bust,  with  the  inscription  A.  F.  Fourcrot*  Farther  on  is 
an  attar-tomb,  surmounted  by  the  bust  of  Marie-Antoi- 
nette-Josephine Raucourt,  who  died  on  the  15tfa  of  Ja- 
nuary, 1815.  The  opposition  of  the  priests  to  the  inter- 
ment of  this  celebrated  actress  in  consecrated  ground  was 
carried  to  such  a  pitch,  that  it  had  weU  nigh  created  a 
popular  tumult. 

On  loaring  the  hiH,  and  going  towards  the  valley  on 
the  south-west,  we  find,  near  the  wall,  the  tomb  of  Lab^- 
doy^re^  the  nnfbrtunate  oiBoer,  wbo,  forgetting  Us  duty 
to  his  king,  was  the  first  to  )oin  Bonaparte  when  he  ad< 
vanoed  to  Grenoble,  after  haying  landed  in  France  from 
the  isle  of  Elba,  m  1816. 

Farther  on,  to  the  left,  is  a  small  grove,  from  the  midst 
of  which  rises  a  large  wooden  ereas,  painted  Uack,  on 
which  we  read : — 

Id  repose 

Claude  dit  Pierre, 

Inventeur  de  Ting^nieux  spectacle 

M^canique  et  pittoresque, 

D^c^d  le  26  Septembre,  1814,  ag^  de  75  ans. 

On  the  most  elevated  point  of  the  cemetery,  which  com- 
mands a  Tiew  of  the  eastern  part  of  Paris  and  the  valley 
between  it  and  Vincennes,  is  a  small  j^ot  formerly  called 
the  Belvedere.  There,  imder  the  shade  of  lime  trees 
planted  in  a  square,  is  a  tomb  in  tide  Ibrm  of  a  cottage, 
in  which  lies  Fr^d^ric  Mestezart,  a  pastor  of  the  church 

By  the  side  of  Abelard  a  statue  of  Heloisa  was  formed,  by  fixing 
her  bust  to  a  female  figure  of  the  age  in  which  she  li?ed.  Upon  the 
dissolution  of  the  Mus^e  des  Monumens  Fran^ais,  and  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  monuments  to  churches  and  other  establishments,  the 
tomb  of  Abelard  and  Hdoisa  was  transported  to  the  cemetery  of 
P^re  La  Chaise. 


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366  GE1I1TBKIS8. 

ef  Genera.  On  beholding  the  tomb  of  a 
minisler  in  the  midst  of  the  graves  of  catholica,  mad  m 
gronnd  once  the  prepeiiy  of  the  most  cruel  persecotartf 
protestantism,  a  French  writer  exclaims  :  *'  CMi  the  pow 
of  time»  and  the  revolutions  which  it  brings  in  its  train'  1 
minister  of  Calvin  reposes  not  far  from  thM 
where  the  reformed  religion  saw  its  temple 
and  its  preacher  proscribed  I  He  reposes  in  tbt  i 
where  a  bigoted  Jesuit  loved  to  meditate  on  his  piaos  of 
intolerance  and  persecution  !*' 

Near  this  monument  b  the  plain  tomb  of  tbe  fiVbtalffi^ 
Madame  Gottin. 

Farther  on  is  the  monument  of  marshal  MasacBa.  k  ii 
a  lofty  pyramid,  on  one  side  of  which  is  a  ^avreBef.  it- 
presenting  his  portrait,  with  his  name  and  the  dale  of  kii 
death.  Near  Massena  repose  the  ashes  of  htt  fneaJ  mi 
companion  in  arms,  marshal  Lefebvre. 

Following  the  same  road  from  south  to  north,  h  mt  cfe- 
gant  tomb  to  the  memory  of  Parmentier,  one  of  dboac 
men  who  consecrate  their  whole  lives  to  the  gooi  of  their 
country.  Among  other  benefits,  France  is  iniditod  la 
him  in  a  great  measure  for  the  general  coltivalm  ef  ibe 
potatoe. 

At  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  cemetery  b  a  Galhic 
chapel  of  lai^  dimensions,  in  which  no  corpse  has  jtt 
been  buried.  It  b  intended  for  the  place  of  iMipAw^  «f 
a  private  family.  In  the  same  direction  formerly  sSaal  t 
lofty  square  tomb  surrounded  by  palisades, 
the  following  inscription : — 

Ci-gft 

.  Le  Mar^chal  Ney, 

Due  <r£lchiiigeti, 

Prince  de  la  Moscowa, 

Dec^  le  7  IMcembre,  iSlS. 


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CmBTlillB  DU  PiU  LA  CHAISE.  367 

This  unfortunate  officer,  who,  upon  Bonaparte's  return 
from  Elha,  swerved  from  his  allegiance  to  the  king,  was 
condemned  to  death  December  6, 1815,  and  shot  at  nine 
o'clock  on  the  following  morning.  The  monument  was 
remoTed  soon  after  its  erection,  in  consequence  of  the 
numerous  inscriptions  written  upon  it  with  a  pencil,  which 
were  renewed  as  soon  as  efiaced. 

Towards  the  north  is  an  elegant  monument,  with  a 
niche  containing  the  bust  of  Rarrio,  celebrated  for  his 
works  in  bronze,  and  as  the  author  of  some  fugitive  poems. 
He  bequeathed  3000  francs,  to  be  adjudged  to  the  person 
who  should  first  discover  a  remedy  for  the  evils  suffered  by 
gilders  fi^om  the  use  of  quicksilver. 

Among  the  celebrated  persons  interred  in  this  cemetery, 
or  whose  memories  are  recorded  by  monuments,  are  the 
poets  La  Fontaine  and  Moli^re;  general  Komarsvecki; 
lieutenant-general  Champion;  madame  Bondini,  after- 
wards madame  Barilli,  of  the  Italian  Opera;  William 
Thomas  Sandifort,  Esq.,  major  of  the  Bombay  Establish- 
ment;  general  Berckeim;  Petit,  professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy  at  the  Polytechnic  School;  lieutenant-general 
de  Coigny;  the  duke  de  Frias,  Spanish  ambassador  to  tfie 
court  of  France  under  the  reigns  of  Charles  IV. ,  Joseph 
Bonaparte,  and  Ferdinand  VII.;  the  abb^  Sicard,  director 
of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum;  marshal  Davoust,  prince 
d^Eckmuhl;  the  duke  de  Cambaceres;  Sonnini,  the  friend 
and  continuator  of  Buffon ;  lieutenant-colonel  Richardson 
Howley,  of  the  Madras  Artillery  Service;  Patrick  Keen, 
Esq.,  an  Irish  gentleman,  who  was  assassinated,  in  the 
most  unprovoked  and  cowardly  manner,  on  the  boulevard 
des  Italiens,  at  Paris,  in  1815;  count  Volney;  and  Philip 
Astley,  of  the  Amphitheatre,  London. 

In  1814,  when  the  forces  of  the  allied  powers  ap- 
proached Paris,  formidable  batterit?  were  establbhed  in 


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«•  -aft.  • 


:*«ml  ^ 


A 


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CIMSTliaS  DK  YAUGIBAllD.  369 

Upon  a  plain  mural  moniunent  il  U  recorded  of  llyp-* 
polile  Clairon,  that . 

EUe  tra^a  arec  auUnt  de  t^U 

Que  de  modeslia 

Let  r^et  de  Tart  dramatiqae, 

Dont  die  fera  k  jamaia  le  module. 

Near  this  celebrated  actress  lies  the  well  known  writer 
lean-Fran^ois  de  la  Harpe,  member  of  the  Institute. 

Against  the  eastern  wall  stands  an  altar-tomb »  erected 
bj  the  workmen  of  the  Mu$^  NapoUon  and  the  Mus^ 
it$  Manumem  Francis,  to  the  memory  of  one  of  their 
comrades  named  Mariano,  who,  with  his  sister  and  ne- 
pheWy  was  unfortunately  suffocated  by  the  vapour  arising 
from  charcoal^  on  the  19th  of  October,  1813. 

A  grave,  marked  by  a  plain  stone,  contains  the  ashes  of 
a  son  of  madame  de  Lavalette,  who  was  bom  on  the  17th 
of  September,  1815,  and  died  on  the  Idth  of  November 
following.  Those  who  recollect  that  this  courageous 
woman  was  visited  with  the  bereavement  at  the  moment 
when  she  meditated  the  project  of  exposing  her  own  life 
to  save  her  husband's,  will  not  read  the  following  inscrip- 
tion without  interest : — 

na^t^ 

Frapp^  par  le  malheur, 

Dans  le  sein  de  sa  tendre  mto. 

The  other  monuments  entitled  to  observation  are  an 
dtar-tomb  surmounted  by  an  urn,  erected  to  the  memory 
of  Zelia,  daughter  of  M.  Alexander  Lenoir,  superintendant 
of  the  Music  de$  Manumens  Frangais;  a  pyramid  termi- 
iisted  by  a  cross,  upon  which  are  recorded  the  high  rank 
and  distinguished  worth  of  Louis-Alexander  de  Montmo- 
•^ncy-Robecq ;  a  plain  stone  to  the  memory  of  Dr.  Al- 
phonse  Leroy,  professor  at  the  School  of  Medicine,  who, 
At  the  age  of  seventy-six  years,  was  murdered  whilst 
▼01.  ni,  -  2  a 


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370  VsiMftiMrtB^ 

arfcq),  on  the  i5lh  of  JMUti^y,  IBIO;  noA  m 
nument  of  lieutenant-general  Monnier^  of 

that— 

Pendant  Mpl  nwb  ii  Mendtt 

En  ciB^  fovn  il  fl«t  Ibroer 

Vironc. 

In  1810,  tbe  cemetery  do  Vaugirard  being  memAj  I 
the  munieipal  cottncU  foimed  tlie  projeot  oC 
it,  and  opening  on©  more  exteafeiTO.  Comi  * 
appointed  for  tiiat  purpose^  and  a>iece  Of  ( 
the  walls,  near  the  karrier  du  Maine,  i 
Workmen  were  empioyed^  and  a  ditch  fiAna 
was  dug  round  it,  when  the  poUoe  isipedort  d 
the  formadon  of  a  cemetery  lo  near  Ike  capiuK  •■*  *» 
project  was  abandoned.  The  ground  was  lertMri  to  «h* 
former  proprietors,  and  the  cetnelery  de  Vi  ^^ 

enlarged* 

ClHBTlkRB   M    SaIHTB   CATEtWllB.  —  TfclS 

ahuated  within  the  walla  of  Paris,  in  the  «»  di 
contiguous  to  a  burial-ground  named  Cvmmitfm  4^  Cl#- 
mart,  which  was  suppressed  in  179».  Thii  ^MHerMm 
occupied  by  the  working  and  indigent  classes,  ihc  ci«e- 
tery  presents  fewer  monamenu  worthy  of  notice  than  «y 
other  of  the  capital.  The  mosl  remarkable  u  an  oblam 
tomb  elevated  upon  three  steps,  MnnonnlMl  ky  a  hdmA 
and  other  military  emblemsv  On  the  front  i»  *•  WM- 
^  ing  inscription : — 

Ici  i^potaat 

Lea  coidret  de  GbiMrkt  Piob^gnt, 

G^n^l  ea  Chef 

Des  armto  irancaises. 

m  I  Albois,  d^i[*rtein«it  da  Jnr», 

LeUFanier,  4761; 

Mort  4  Pam,  le  5  Ami,  1804. 

tlewi  par  la  pi^t^  fitUk. 


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CiM£TIER£  D£  tkltitt  t  ATttERINS.  37f 

It  is  saf<ii  th^  t)i«  lashcfd  V^T  Plchejgt'iSi  )^o  Hoi  inspo^  iMi6 
h  thf^  toii^,  bfiA  are  mingled  with  tbo$^  of  tt^rge  C^* 
doudal  and  th^  oiifaet  ^altaht  mf^n  Wbb  Ibll  TictiYns  to  dm 
charge  of  cotls^irafcy  in  180&.  A  bibntkOieni  to  the  me- 
fototf  bf  iHchegrd  is  about  to  be  erects  by  bi^scHj^tion  A 
the  plate  of  hft  oAtiYity. 

A  black  marble  column  surtaiounted  by  an  urn,  erec^ 
to  llie  meihory  of  Charles  feevilliers,  mattrc  en  chirurgle^ 
htdits  the  followiiig  saliricM  ihscriplioh : — 

Du  fond  de  son  cercueil,  tous  que  Charles  contemplet 

Gens  opulens,  qui  n^^tes  bons  ^  rien, 

Prostemez-vous  et  suivez  son  exemple : 
II  ne  fat  jatnais  richer  et  {it  toujovm  da  H^aak. 

The  appcebemion  that  this  cemetery  wfU  b6  supj^i^^d, 
and  another  formed  without  the  waDs,  induces  lii^ny  per- 
sons i^  easy  cirtn^stahees,  residing  in  its.  Vicinity,  to  liiter 
ih'eir  flriehds  ^ni  l^latiVes  in  other*  burial-places,  Whei^ 
their  ashes  &i^  lesi  likely  to  be  disturbed. 

tCiMETilkRB  De  lA  MadelIbine. — This  cemetery,  no  longer 
used  as  a  burial-ground,  was  a  dependence  upon  the  an- 
cient church  dedicated  to  Mary  Magdalen,  situated  in  the 
Villa  rfev^ijue,*  and  is  principally  remarkable  for  haying 
been  the  place  of  interment  of  the  unfortunate  Louis  XVt. 
ahd  bis  ro^'al  <^ohsort.  Upon  th'e  execution  of  that  mo- 
narch. On  the  2lsl  of  JailUary,  1793,  thb  body  and  heiad 
were  deposited  iii  h  deep  jgraVe  in  the  cemetery  de  k  Made- 
leine, "the  queen,  Marie  Antoiniette,  was  guillotined  on 
the  16th  of  October  in  the  skm6  year,  and,  at  her  own 
desire,  her  remains  were  interred  near  those  of  her  unfor- 
tunate spouse.  For  a  considerable  time  the  cemetery  was 
gudrded,  lest  any  attempt  should  be  niade  to  remove  the 
bodies  of  the  royal  victims.     The  church  having  been 

*  S'ecrol.  I.,  page  184. 

2  a* 


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372  csHsnuu. 

long  demoliabed^  it  was  detormiiied»  io  1707,  lo  m 
cemetery  by  auction*     H.  DescIoaeauXt  an  ancifC 
cate  of  the  ParUmmu,  who  was  propridor  of  a 
contiguous,  became  the  purchaser.    He  caused  tbe  j 
to  be  coTored  with  a  layer  of  new  mould,  and 
an  orchard ;  the  alleys  of  the  old  burial-ytHiDd 
marked  out  by  rows  of  trees,  and  the  surfaoe 
tur(  The  spot  where  the  royal  remains  were  < 
separated  from  the  rest  of  the  ground  by  a  be^ge, 
which  arose  willows  and  cypresses;  and  orer  the  grave  of 
the  king  a  small  hillock  was  thrown  up,  and 
by  a  cross. 

By  a  remariLable  coincidence,  the  royal 
surrounded  by  many  of  their  most  deroted 
some  of  their  bitterest  enemies.  At  their  feet  lay  fire 
hundred  of  the  Swiss  guards,  who  perished  on  the  iOih  af 
August;  at  a  short  distance,  along  the  wall,  were  ihpcM^od 
the  most  distinguished  members  of  the  Pmrtemmm$  af 
Paris  and  Toulouse »  the  courageous  \jbmoigoom  de  Mm- 
lesherbes  and  mesdames  de  Rosambo  and  de  Chaaeav- 
briand,  his  daughters;  the  duchess  de  Clioueal.  the 
duke  de  Villeroy,  the  duchess  de  Granunonl,  the  co— I 
de  la  Tour-du-Pin,  the  marqnis  de  la  Toar-do-nH 
GouTernet,  the  count  d'Estaing,  the  cinl  Ceateoaal  Ajk- 
grand  d'AUeray;  the  lieutenant  of  police  TkinMz  de 
Crosne,  and  the  grenadiers  of  the  battalion  des 
Saint-Thomas,  who  valiantly  defended  the  king  oa 
memorable  20th  of  June.  A  little  behind ' 
the  bodies  of  fiTe  hundred  more  of  the  Swiss  guards,  wfe 
also  fell  yictimsto  their  fidelity  on  the  10th  of  At^gwC  k 
the  middle  of  the  ground  lay  Charlotte  Corday.  wW  aa- 
sassbated  Marat;  and  near  her,  the  intendant  of  tbe  crd 
list  Laporte;  Cazotte,  du  Rozoi,  d*AigreoKMit,  iIm  fint 
who  perished  on  the  Place  Royale  for  tbe  kingV  ca«e; 


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CniBTliRE  DB  LA  MADBtSINB*  373 

and  the  eloqaent  Barnate,  who  was  sacrificed  by  the  po- 
pulace whom  he  caressed.  On  the  south  were  buried 
Camille  Desmoulins,  who,  with  a  pbtol  in  his  hand,  gaye 
the  signal  in  the  Palais  Royal  for  revolution  and  massacre; 
Danton,  Westermann,  Hebert,  Ghaumette,  Brissot,  Ver- 
gniaud,  Gensonn^,  Gorsas,  and  Bailly.  In  the  same  se- 
pulchre with  these  party -leaders,  were  buried  many 
victims  of  their  attachment  to  the  goyemment  and  the 
religion  of  their  ancestors.  Near  them  were  the  ashes  of 
the  unfortunate  persons  who  perished  on  the  place  Loms 
XV.  and  in  the  rue  Royale,  in  1770,  when  a  ftte  was 
giyen  by  the  city  of  Paris  upon  the  marriage  of  the  dau- 
phin, afterwards  Louis  XVI.* 

Great  prudence  was  requisite  on  the  part  of  M.  Desclo- 
seaux  to  preserye  the  remains  which  he  had  yoluntarily 
taken  upon  himself  to  protect.  During  the  absence  of 
the  house  of  Bourbon  from  France,  a  few  of  their  deyoted 
senrants  were  occasionally  admitted  to  yisit  the  spot, 
which  the  owner  was  frequently  solicit^  to  sell.  In 
1810,  an  unknown  personage,  whose  appearance  denoted 
opulence*  offered  to  purchase  the  orchard  at  any  price 
M.  Descloseaux  might  fix.  A  magnificent  hotel  in  Paris, 
or  an  estate  in  the  country,  was  proposed,  but  he  replied: 
— "  Sir,  none  of  your  proposals  can  oyer  be  acceded  .to. 
In  purchasing  this  ground  I  knew  the  treasure  it  possessed, 
and  no  offers  shall  make  me  alienate  it;  whilst  there  are 
laws,  I  will  ayail  myself  of  them  for  its  defence;  and 
when  there  are  none,  I  will  seize  my  musket  to  punish 
any  one  who  dares  attempt  to  depriye  me  of  the  sacred 
deposit  of  which  I  haye  constituted  myself  the  guardian. 
I  will  restore  it  to  none  but  the  family  for  whom  alone  I 
preserye  it ;  and  no  yile  motiye  of  interest  shall  oyer  in- 
duce me  to  yield.''  The  family  of  M.  Descloseaux  col- 
*  See  page  50. 


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374  c]?mbte|iiisl. 

cypr^gs^s,  to  d^  ^bw  <^f  Aogouleioe  in  ^  ford|p  hai 

naOiive?,  w4  foi;^giieiw.  Tke  kipg  of  ProasU  xuW  i  i 
%  ^y$  ^  his.  entry  ^  P^i^,  W^pn  ihe  iaAm 
oi  Angoultoie  bp)^  i;^iW^4  V>  tJl)uRp»1^0^oC  1^  aiyr^Mw 
1^  %S;t  cfl^je.  Tj(^  tp,  rUit  Uie  sajpr^  WPt»  wktie,  ate 
g?vAO^  %^^  to  ^Ve^  V^jubjb.  of  Iff^  feelmp,^  h^  nyyil  fci^ 
n^  s^id  t<)  Bi  Pe^8fww»,  V  I  did  a9t  ^xpcd  lo  M 
sufjlh  ftM^^ftJ  Fr^ftcbweiu  Gppd,  9**  "WV  y<>«.  ^»5»  «*• 
giously  preserved  the  ashes  of  my  pfigre^U;  Jour  fiwij 
wi#.  be  bless^4-'*  Tbp  d^chesft  ^^irwards  fre^v^tly  «- 
pfti^^^  t9  tji^  <jeip^^t^y ;  and  pi^  bier  last  jm%  ^»^  ««»•• 
p^ied  b^  Mq;isip^  the  pwpe,  uUog  off  h»  ow^» 
o);  thp  Qi:ipc  of  S^lt  Michael,,  iflyestcd  M.  AbkIo^bm^ 
wi,lh,  it  VI  thp  ki!ig>  nam/?.  His  majesty  also,  pu^  Mm 
a  pension^  with  reversioi^  in,  part  to.  his  ds/agbim^  *• 
I^psclo^W  Vd  «iU^a4y  ceded  the  oechari  to  ,^  so- 
irerpi^^itbpuf  fixing  a,  pric^. 

His  n^ipstjy  ha^Tii^  decreed  that^  l^  reouuiiSL  of  ife  Itfta 
king  an4  <]^ueeD)  sb^ou^  I^p  disio^enred,  aiul  dc^odlrd  m 
the  a^bpy  chi^;cb  of  l^siint  Pei^^^  the  aocieni  bnial-t^ 
o^  the  kjugs  and,  roy:aJ,  i^pxily  of  l^rajfce.  the 
requisite  to  that;  effect,  werp  foirthvi^b  adppled* 
to  searcbiPg  (?r  tj^e  remains^  H  wa^  dptermixifdto  ^ 
such  p^rspns  as  could  gixe  leskiipoDy  respecting  lh«  i 
iiie];^^  ii]L,  order  that  ibpprecisaq^t  niigh^  k^  «icei1 
Th&  rpsult  9^  tl^  ex^mjif^tion,  is  C9|^ife4  in  the 
ing  T^pi^  Wcesi^t©4  t^  t^  king  by  i;^  <^uufepAr  d 
Fr^nfi^.  :.-rr 


ui 


^  I,  GhadOLHenry  Buabr^,  diancelor  of  Fnaot, 
ckarged  by  your  majesty  to  a^catam  apd  report  the 


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CIII£T1£RK  M  iJk  MAMLBINC.  375 

tlMit  (xcececledt  acrowip«nk4»  «n4  fcUi^vi^  (W  iflytement  ,of  ifaair 
^  Ute  lnaiea^eft  I^^uU  ^YI.  awl  Qm  w^^m  Marie  ABt«beite»  toii^ 
i  moned  before  me,  this  22d  day  of  Biay,  i8i4,th«)WilQ9SMawlMM' 
naw^  had  been baodad  19 Hies  andraaairedfraoillMai  ibe Mow- 
ing d«po9iu>Qff:-« 

''  Fran^oU  SUva9i  Regard,  finiAev^  meter  «f  tibe  clun^i  lU  la 
Madeleiii<i»  dapoaed  ay  foliaivi.;~«  Oi^  tba  2Qtb  of  JaMary,  1799, 
,M.  Picavez,  curate  of  tbe  pariib  da  la  Ma^akiae^  rtcomd  am  ui^ 
.  |ui;v:;jtiQM  from  tba  ej^ecutiye  go^evsmaBl  t»  fulfil  iU  Tiiiaandu  rek- 
'  Utc  IQ  tbe  obaeq^ea  o(  bia  majatiy  hoim  XVI-  M.  PioaTts,  noc 
po8se»wg  iba  firnm^u  oecavai^  u>  faitt  so  pahiftil  indmchnrhnly 
s «  duty,  alleged  ioduppsiiion,  aod  app^iot^  me,  as  hn  ptemimr 
vicairey  to  occupy  hisptace^  aB|aiiijiig  19a  to  adbara  atrictly,  upon 
mj  Qli*  raapoDsU^ibty,  U»  tha  orders  gpi? am  by  ^m  eaGacaftm  govern^ 
menu  (^o  one  baiag  moia  slaroipgly  aUadiedto  iba  king  ibam  myself; 
I  irafuaed  to  perform  tbe  at^^iM ;  bMl  upon  ¥•  Pioavez  jostliy  ob- 
tfivwg  tbat  a  f ecomid  vafusal  np^gbt  briag  iaaalculable  avila  i^om 
boxb  <^  U4«  I  cooMmM..  Aceordiagly,  tba  saxi  day»  January  21^ 
%fker  ayCTtaiffiwg  tbat  tbe  ordera  of  tba  ezaciiti?e  power  rekAtv*  to 
tbe  qtwxUtT  of  limoii  ajid  tba  defOb  of  tba^  gnre,  «bk^»  lalba  bast 
of  my  racohectioo,  ipras,  |eq  or  twelMa  liaat  de^,  badbaan  perfomedv 
H^iaoiaiDedat  tjbAcburcb  door^wrroa^pawiad  by  tba  lata  abb^  Damo> 
rean  and  a  croai4»aaffarii  tjlitbahodyof  bis  measly  aboaldbag^fam 
in^o oir  baads»  Upoamy  daaMavding'  iba  smrtwWIar  of  tb*  body, 
tbfl^  w^mben  of  the  department  a^d  tbe  cetaaMwaMiPcrtfll  tbat 
ibc^iaeraordairadniattolaiasiihlof  il.fop  a  momeiit.  Tbaabb^ 
Dmoreau  aodmysetf  wave  tberafiaire  oompdUed  la  aaoavpany  tbafla 
tati^.  ceanetary  ajitualad  ioi  tbe  ru«  d'Anjott.  Upon  caacldBf  tbe 
sptit,  I  ordered  tbe  aaosft  profiMnd  silence  te  be  ebsanred  Tb^ 
U9g*s  body  ^as  Ibam  presi«tad  to  as.  It  was.  dressed  m  »wbite 
dinfity  waistcoat,  and  grey  silk  small  clothes  aaud  atodungst.  We 
sung  vesparSt  and  recited  all  tbe  prayeya  of  tbe  burial  serrice ;  and 
it  is  but  just  to  acknowledge,  tbat  the  populace,  wbo  but  a  few 
nements  before  rent  tbe  air  wiA  their  Tociferations,  Kstened  atteiv- 
tievely  to  tba  supptications  ofleced  up  ibr  tbe  repose  o#  bis  majesty'^ 
sai4  ThecloUies.were  tabem  off  befave  tba  coi*psa  was  pla«Bd  m 
tbe  coffin,  which  was  then  deposited  in  a  grave  about  temifeet  frena 
die  wall,  into  which  a  quMitity  of  c[uick  Cme  had  been  thrown  h^ 
eadter  af  tbe  oiecutiye  govemnent,  Tbe  coffin  was  covered  with  a 
layer  of  Uma^  upon  wli^  tbe  eavtb  was  teeem  in,  and  beaiais 
firmly  down.  We  withdrew  in  silence  aAer  tbiapaiofid  cecemany ; 
aiBd,  to  the  best  of  my  recoUection,,  minutes  were  made  by  tbe  juge 
de  paiXy  and  signed  by  tbe  members  of  tbe  depavtment  and  the 


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376  cmTnizs. 

gommtm0.    Onratarniiigtothe  chordildrew  opai 
was  taken  h^  the  meidbert  of  Um  rerolntioiiarj 
w«re  waiting  in  the  doisten.* 

**  Antoine  Lamaign^re,  juge  depmx  of  the  firH  < 
deposed,  thathe  was  not  present  at  tbe  king's  in 
at  the  iqpot  the  moment  aftW*  the  body  had  been  cohered  with  iat. 
He  added,  that  the  spot  enclosed  in  the  orchard  of  M.  OoKiBMaBii 
really  that  in  which  the  king  was  buried. 

«« Jean-Richard-Eve  Yaudremont,  registrar  to  tbe  jt^  di  pm 
of  the  first  arn>iu/Memeii/,  deposed,  that  in  his  oftdal  c^paciij  k 
nccompanied  the  juge  de  paix  to  the  cemetery  de  la  ¥sflfiiww,  a 
abort  time  after  the  king*s  burial,  whidi  to<^  place  k  tkm  spat 
marked  out  in  the  orchard  of  M.  Desdoseaux. 

**  M.  Dominique-Emmannel  Ikajon,  aon-in-kw  eC  M.  Dad»> 
aeaux,  deposed,  that  he  witnessed  the  interment  of  both  tW  ting  ai 
the  queen.  He  saw  them  both  placed  in  their  grvrcs  k  oAi 
without  lids,  which  were  then  filled  up  with  i^soA  hmt  Md  cHik : 
the  king*s  head,  which  had  been  separated  finom  the  body,  wm  fked 
between  his  legs;  he  had  nerer  lost  sight  of  the  spot  "eikk  k 
regarded  as  sacred.  Upon  the  purchase  of  the  groood  by  ha  kih9> 
in-laWf  the  walls  were  he^htened,  and  the  space  k  whkk  At 
bodies  of  their  majesties  were  interred  was  sorrounded  by  a  M^  if 
ebnsy  near  which  sereral  cypresses  and  wiUowa  were  pknMd. 

**  Alezandre-£tienn»^ppolyte,  baron  de  Baje,  rtijiaswl,  dncht 
aaw  the  carriage  pass  in  which  the  king*s  body  wis  t— wjed  aa  tke 
cemeteiy  delaMaddeine;  he  did  not  foUow  it,  bnt  heard  it  ifinaad 
that  the  corpse  was  deposited  at  ^spot  since  maikB&oatbflLDi^ 
doseauz;  and  that  the  latto*  had  been  oflbred  as  hDid k  1 
exchange  for  the  ground,  but  refused  to  comply. 

«« Done  and  signedat  Paris,  in  the  Hdtal  de  k 
22dday(^May,  1814. 

(Signed)  "  DowiT  ' 

This  preliminary  measure  baying  been  excciilrd,  il «» 

decreed  that  the  remains  of  their  late  majestie*  ibeaU  b 

conveyed  to  Saint  Denis  on  the  21st  of  January  fiilbvi^t 

it  being  the  anniversary  of  the  king's  death ;  and  t»  Atf 

effect  a  commission  was  appointed  to  saperiiilead  Ike  a* 

humation  of  the  bodies.  The  following  is  their  rvfort  :— 

«'0n  the  iSth  of  January,  1815,  we,  ChaHea-Hcvy  DeaAn?. 
chancellor  of  France;  the  count  de  Blacas,  minister  of  the  k^'t 
household;  M.  leBailli  deCnissol,  knight;  M.  de  k  Fm«,  kaisf 


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CIMSTliHE  DB  LA  UADKtSINB.  317 

of  Nancy^  and  chief  almoner  to  the  duchess  of  Angoidtee ;  and 
M.  Phillippe  Distel,  his  majesty^s  surgeon,  conmussioners  appointed 
by  the  king  to  search  for  the  sacred  remains  of  their  late  majesties 
Louis  XYI.  and  the  queen  Marie  Antoinette^  his  august  consort, 
repaired*  at  eight  o*clockin  the  momiDg,  to  the  ancient  cemetery  de 
la  Madeleine,  rue  d'Anjon. 

«*  Upon  entering  the  house  Pfo.  48,  adjoining  the  cemetery,  which 
had  been  purchased  by  M.  Descloseauz,  and  conTerted  into  an  or- 
chard, in  order  to  preserre  the  remains  deposited  therein,  we  found 
the  said  M.  Desdoseauz,  together  with  M.  Daujon  his  son»in4aw, 
and  sereral  other  members  of  his  family,  who  conducted  us  into  the 
ancient  cemetery,  and  pointed  out  the  spot  in  which  M.  Daujon,  in 
his  deposition  on  the  22d  of  May,  1814,  had  declared  that  he  aaw 
the  bodies  of  the  king  and  queen  interred. 

**  Haying  thus  ascertained  the  spot,  we  began  by  searching  for  the 
bo^  of  the  queen,  in  order  that  the  remains  of  his  majesty  mi^t 
be  discovered  with  the  greater  certainty,  as  we  had  reason  to  beliere 
that  they  had  been  deposited  nearer  the  wall,  towards  the  rue  d'An- 
jon. After  the  workmen,  sereral  of  whom  had  witnessed  the  inter- 
ment of  the  queen,  had  opened,  to  the  depth  of  five  feet,  a  space 
ten  feet  in  length  by  fire  or  six  in  breadth,  we  found  a  bed  of  lime 
ten  or  eleven  inches  deep,  which  we  ordered  to  be  removed  with 
the  greatest  care;  under  this  bed  we  distinctly  perceived  the  outline 
of  a  coffin  about  five  feet  six  inches  in  leiigth.  Following  these 
traces,  we  discovered,  in  the  depth  of  the  lime,  several  pieces  of 
board  still  fastened  together.  In  this  coffin  we  found  a  number  of 
bones,  but  several  were  wanting,  having  undoubtedly  been  reduced 
to  dust ;  the  skull  was  entire,  and  its  position  indicated  incontestably 
that  it  had  been  severed  from  the  body.  We  also  found  remains  of 
dothing,  and  particularly  two  elastic  garters,  in  good  preservation. 
The  whole  were  placed  in  a  chest,  and  locked  up.  In  another  chest 
were  deposited  the  earth  and  lime  found  mixed  with  the  bones.  The 
opening  in  the  cemetery  was  then  covered  with  thick  planks,  and  we 
proceeded  to  search  for  the  body  of  the  king.  To  that  effect,  we 
caused  an  opening  twelve  feet  square  to  be  dug  between  the  former 
opening  and  the  wall  towards  the  rue  d'Anjon^  Not  finding  any  lime 
to  indicate  that  the  king*s  body  had  been  interred  there,  we  consi- 
dered it  necessary  to  dig  a  little  lower  in  the  same  direction,  but  the 
approach  of  night  compelled  us  to  suspend  the  search  until  the  fol- 
lowing day.  The  two  chests  were  removed  into  M.  Descloseaux*s 
hall,  where  they  were  sealed  with  the  arms  of  France,  covered  with  a 
pall,  and  surrounded  with  lighted  tapers.  Thepriests  of  his  majes^*s 
chapd  spent  the  night  in  the  hidl,  rq>eatmg  the  prayers  of  the 


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378  c?^(ET»ni»s/ 

cl^urch.    The  galpt  of  ihq  c^ctejy  were  th^  \pd$td^  luid  a  pnrd 
s^tioQed  rouna  the  ground. 

**  We  ag^ui  repi^ired  Iq  th.^  c^m^^rj  J^t  b^-f>9ftt  «i^t  o'clock  oo 
the  morning  of  January  19,  9tlep4ed  by  thft  wwkmcn.  A  dccy 
tr^ch,  nearer  the  wall,  be;ng  opened  io  ovrpJCOKno^  ice  disoiHrartd 
some  earth  mingled  with  lime,  and  seve^  aimaP  picc^  pf  bcwd^ 
indic^tiTe  of  a  coffii)..  Tl^e  sea^  ws  then.  caiTi^ied  on  ^foiM  tW 
If  eatest  c^re  •,  hfLi  in/rte^i^  of  «^  fefid  of  pm«  Vnw,  •*  round  tht 
qveen's  cofliii,  we  (ound  that  the  evth,  s^i  tope  h*dl  beoi  bumL 
but  t)iat  there  ^as  a  gi^ter  proportion  ojf  the.Uttcf  subftiwx.  Im 
this  mixture  of  earth  a^d  li^ie  w^  discovered  Utie  b^oet  a(  a  wib* 
sererai  of  vhi<;ii  were  on  the  point  of  cnunbUpg  to  dutt;  the  lUl 
was  coreredtwith  lime^  apd  placed  belnaem  the  leg-bone^  Fn^ftm 
of  clothes  were  careftillj  looked  for,  bu^  now  wcrf  dwc«Teco4.  Wt 
collected  all  the  remains,  and  placedr  theoi»  togethev  with,  aove 
pieces  of  lime,  in,  a  cloth  brQi^bt  for  tjic  p^Ipo|e.  AUhMgklbe 
spot  in  w^ch  the  bodv  W9«  foimd  corresponded  with  that  poMed 
out  hj  seyeral  eje-wi^ifssi^  ot  Ux<e  intenn^t^  vA  ik^utnUuwk^ 
the  head  left  no  doubt  ^  to  its  identity,  we  netcrthdesf  cauaed  the 
ground  to  be  dug  tif  elve  feet  deep,  tp  the  distamcet  oC  ^;entj«fi^«  beU 
in  ordfer  to  asceruii^  whethar  ^herq  was  any  where  a  bod  of  jm 
linue.  No  such  bed  bev^g  found  was  a  conrobamtjm  of  the  praot 
already  salisfactorjr,  tl^at  tl^  reiQaiq?  we  were  ip,  poaiesiioa  oC  wcrt 
those  of  the  l^ing.  These  remains  were  endosed  i^  a  chesl»  sealed 
^th  the  anns  of  Franpe,^  conveyed  into  the  haE  of  Si. 
apd  placed  by  the  side  of  Uiose  of  the  queen.  The  pda 
to  repeat  the  prayers  of  (he  chtut^k  over  the  two  bodVoa* 

**  Qn  the  20th  of  Ji^inary  we  proceeded,  in  pvrmnot  a(  tha 
king*scommands,  to  the  hoiue  of  M^  PetcJoscaiw,  wbccf  wa,  dw 
commissioners  who  hacl  been  present,  at  the  preceding  opcnlMM^ 
together  with  o^er  personages  whose  i:ight  of  office,  or  tha  hiaf  t 
commands,  had  assembled,  witnessed  the  removal  o(  ibc  vtmaimd 
their  majesties  inio  leaden  coffins  made  for  thai  paiposn* 

*^  In  the  presencaof  these  noble  a»d  other  peiaon«fe»»  ^m  hnfta 
the  seab  and  opened  the  chests^in  which  the  remains  had  bean  dap^ 
sited*  Those  of  his  majesty  were  placed  in  a  leaden  coAdu  tOfithK 
with  the  pieces  of  lim^e  and  wood,  vnd  were  then  soldered  dawik 
Uppn  the  lid.  was  fastened,  a  gold  plate,  with  the,  foUawing  uscs^ 
tlon,:^ 

U  aaft  la  oorps  da.  trte-baolv  tHi»>p«isMa»  et-  trtf«icelleat  fiiif^' 
I^aiSi  Xyh  da  q^bh  pasls  gfieads  Bieo,  rot  da  Fraaoe  «t  do  fhi^at- 

"  The  remains  of  die  qi«<een  wtre  theaa  depcyilej  im  a 


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CIMETIERS  DE  LA  MADELEINE.  3l7^ 

coi&n,  im  the  presence  of  the  san^  l^iisona^es^  ai^d  ^ld«]^  4^^* 
Upon  the  lid  was  the  foUoiwin^  inscriptioi^  -t-t, 

Ici  est  le  corps  de  tris-hante,  ^^poiw;^^  «^  trti-iu^c^]JI|^t^  ^ipn 
p^^e,  BJ«rte-^qtoi,i^el.teTJ.oa,^lie-i^a9i?<i  a.e  l!9FW«.  w*wd«,o^ef8e 
d'Autriche,  6poase  da  tr^s-haot,  tr^s-pabsaot  et  tr^s^xc^lent  prio^ 
Lo^i^  'Ifyi-  da  nom,  p^r  la  grftce  de  Dieo,  rpi  <}e  If  raoc^  et  de  NaTant* 

''  The  coffins  were  then  coYei^4  'W^  P?^.\  ^M  \^  pifi^^  WWf^ 

to  Saint  Den^. 

*' In  proof  whereof,  elc 
'*  Paeis,  January  20,  4815.  * 

(Signed)      "  Dambrat,  De6l4caS;i  Dbla  Fajis,"  ^tc.  ^X/^ 

On  the  21sjt  of  Jaaoarjr,  1815,  Ike  remains  of  tbe  un- 
fortunate Louis  XYL  and  his  rOyal  consort  were.90^Tey^d* 
to  the  abbey-church  of  Saint  P.e)i^^  Ai^  eajtr^y  l^o^^  in 
tl^e  i?gw>ri[^ii;ig,,  ^  ttie  regiments,  i^  ga^ri&OA  at  Par^  ^^re 
uiuler  amns,  a&d  ^rmed  a  douikle  ttne  from  ike  rue  d'^n^ 
jou  to  the  barrier  Samt  Denis.  At  eisht  o^tkcjc^  Monsieur^ 
accompanied  by  the  duke  of  AngoulSme  and  the  duk^,  of 
Berry,  went  from  the  palace  of  the  Ij'iAU^ir^  to  tjtue  Koi^se 
of  M.  Desclbseaux,  and  laid  the  first  sA<me  of  i^  s^pMl^kiral 
chapel,  upon  the  spot  where  the  royal  remams  bad  been 
discoTered.  The  coiBns  were  thgen  carr^4  to  thq  funei^al 
car  by  twelve  of  the  guards  de  la  Manchi^ja^4AH^P^0C^'' 
aion  moved  forward  in  the  foHo\i4og  order  i-^r^, 

A  detachment  of  gendarmes. 
The  colonel  of  the  king^s  regiment  of  Imssars. 
The  trumpeters  of  the  same  regiment. 
A  ^adi;on,  of  th^  ^9i^  regiA^V 

The  colonel  of  the  kin^  and  (jueenJs  regiment  of  \i^ht  u^fi^ti^. 
Band  and  colours  of  the  same  regiment. 
A  detaohmentof  the  same  regiment. 

%he  f^yi^m?t.  of  ^Q  fii^i  mjli^jcy  dinMipn,  a^^oukd  kjhiastoS 
A  detachment  of  t^he  najtional  giVM^*.  OQ»bprqfQb$y^. 
A  4eta(;hment  o(|  the  national  gu^I;ds,  on  foot. 
Lieutenant^^gencnd  Dessolfe,  attended  by  the  staff  of  the  national 
Soardbu 

A  captain  ai4  o^o^ikof  tfi^.ki^g^s  S9fM^. 


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380  CEMBTBIIES. 

A  detadunflnl  of  greiyKfiert  of  the  tame  corps,  oo  hortrlwrli 

The  greal  officers  of  the  kiDg*8  hoasdu^,  and  those  of  the  ] 
ID  three  carriages  drawn  hj  eight  horses. 

A  detachment  of  ibsileers  of  the  lmig*s  guards,  headed  bj  thdr 
officers  and  band. 

Adetacbmentof  the  light  horse  of  the  king*s  guards,  headed  hj 
Ifaetrofficers,  trumpets,  andcymbab. 

A  nomberof  hi(^  personages,  appointed  by  his  mi^esty  to  attead 
the  procession,  in  eight  carriages  drawn  by  eight  hones. 

Bfovsnoi,  the  duke  of  Ai^oultoe,  and  the  duke  of  Bory,  m  a 
carriage  drawn  by  ei^  horses. 

Four  heralds,  on  hoTMback. 

Theku^  at  arms,  on  horseback. 

The  gnmd  master  of  the  ceremonies,  attonded  by  the  lartiT  «f 
the  ceremonies  and  assistants,  onhoisdbadc. 

Four  light  honemen. 

Two  gentlemen  ashen,  on  horsebadc. 

The  funeral  car.*»At  the  wheels  were  the  captains  of  &e  km 
compggnies  rouges.  On  the  sides  were  six  guards  de  la  llaac^ 
It  was  escorted  to  die  barrier  Saint  Denis  by  thirty  of  the  Cmi 
Suisses,  headed  by  their  captain. 

The  equerry  of  the  king^s  stables,  on  horsdiack. 

The  captain  of  the  body  guards. 

The  officen of  thesame  corps. 

A  detachment  of  the  same  corps. 

A  detachment  of  gendarmes  tif  the  king*s  guardb. 

A  detachment  of  MoHsnua^s  guards. 

MoRSiiua^s  carriage. 

The  duke  of  Ai^ouUme*s  carriage. 

Thedukeof  BeiTy*s  carriage. 

A  detachment  of  the  national  guards  on  horseback. 

A  squadron  of  the  kii^*s  dragoons. 

A  detachment  of  artillery  joined  tho  processkm  at  the 
barrier  Saint  Denis,  and  followed  it,  firing  minate  guns.  A 
regiment  of  the  king*s  chasseurs  lined  the  road  Beom  ftrts 
to  Saint  Denis.  The  drums  and  musical  instnunems  were 
coTered  with  black  serge,  and  the  arms  and  colours  of  the 
troops  were  ornamented  with  crape.  A  deep  and  aokaa 
silence  prerailed  among  the  multitudes  who  thronged  tha 
streets  and  road  by  which  the  procession  passed. 


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CIMBTlifiB  DB  LA  MADXLSINX.  381 

Upon  reaching  the  church  of  Saint  Denis^  the  bodies 
were  taken  from  the  car  by  the  guards  de  la  Manche»  and 
carried  into  the  church,  where  they  were  received  by  the 
clergy,  and  presented  by  the  bishop  of  Garcassone  to  the 
bishop  of  Aire.    They  were  then  placed  upon  a  lofty  tomb 
of  state  in  the  midst  of  the  choir.     Monsieub»  after  re- 
tiring for  a  few  minutes,  entered  the  church,  and  was 
followed  by  the  duke  of  Angoul^me,  the  duke  of  Berry» 
th^  duke  of  Orleans,  and  the  prince  de  Cond^,  who  occu- 
pied the  stalls  on  the  right  nearest  the  altar.    The  duchess 
of  Orleans,  the  duchess  of  Bourbon,  and  mademoiselle 
of  Orleans,    entered  the  opposite  stalls.     Next  to  the 
princes  sat  the  duke  of  Dalmatia,  the  duke  de  Reggio, 
count  Barthelemy,  and  M.  Lain^,  whom  the  king  had  ap- 
pointed to  support  the  pall  when  the  coiBins  were  carried 
to  the  vault.  The  other  stalls  were  occupied  by  deputations 
from  the  Court  of  Cassation,  the  Court  of  Accompts,  the 
Council  of  the  University,  the  Cour  Boyale,  the  Municipal 
lity,  and  the  Tribunal  de  PremUre  Instance.    .The  choir 
was  filled  by  the  great  officers  of  the  king's  household,  the 
officers  of  th&  princes'  households,  his  majesty's  ministers, 
the  high  personages  appointed  to  form  part  of  the  pro- 
cession, the  marshals  and  peers  of  France,  the  deputies 
of  the  departments,  the  grand   crosses  of  the  order  of 
Saint  Louis,  the  grand  cordons  of  the  Legion  of  Honour, 
the  major-general  and  staff  of  the  national  guards,  the 
governor  of  the  first  military  division  and  his  staff,  and 
a  great  number  of  generals  and  other  military  officers. 
The  governess  of  the  royal  children,  the  ladies  in  waiting 
upon  her  late  majesty,  and  the  ladies  in  waiting  upon  the 
duchess  of  AngoulSme,  sat  upon  benches  near  the  coffins* 
Four  hundred  young  ladies  of  the  maison  royale  de  Saint 
Denis  were  seated  in  front  of  the  altar. 

When  all  these  attendants  had  taken  their  places,  the 


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3$2  CEdtfeltRlES. 

$i6Hic6  domMenced.  ^e  princes  and  pf^bcesses,  ToDow^ 
6<1  hy  t)l6  grand  master  'and  master  of  the  ceremoaies, 
Attd  t^eif*  assistants,  'i&pproached  the  ahar  to  present  dbeff 
()tfbrittgs,  after  wtiich  k  funeral  oration  was  aelivered  by 
tti(&  bishop  ot  Yroyes.  ^he  al)solution  having  been  pro- 
no6irced»  the  hodies  w^'re  lowered  into  the  royal  Taalt, 
hitb  X^ldk  M6>vsittVli  WA  the  XWo  pHnces»  bis  ions. 
d6$<^ekrded»  and  pf ostf^ted  Ibeiiisdtves  upon  ib^e  coflios  oT 
tbdt  royal  velatiVes.  Sali!iles  olf  ^Hillery  were  fired  al  the 
tttotnent  Whisn  ike  prdCfessibU  ^t  o'ul  from  Paris,  during 
thtd  setrice  at  Saint  lyenis,  and  when  the  b^idies  wcte 
toweled  l&to  the  tautt. 

1l^  perpetuate  the  mehiory  bt  these  august  Tictims,  thr 
ktttg  has  ordained  that  solemn  Funeral  services  shall  be 
peffofdaed  akmuatly,  m  all  the  churches  of  the  kiogdoia* 
oki  the  Slsl  ot  January,  for  the  re|>ose  of  the  soul  of 
Louis  XVI. ;  and  oh  the  Idth  of  October,  for  that  of  his 
royal  cons6tt ;  ahA  that  on  thdse  days  the  court  sbaO 
^ear  moiirnibg,  and  the  public  offices,  courts  of  juslicr, 
eidhahg^,  and  theatres  he  closed. 

iTb  testify  her  sense  ot  his  unshaken  fidelity,  the  dn* 
chess  of  Angoul^me  presented  to  M.  Descloseauk  portraits 
&f  he^  ynfbrttmate  parents ;  and  upon  the  spot  where  he 
for  so  many  years  watched  over  thel^  remains,  a  sepul* 
thral  chapel,  ^er  the  designs  of  Fontaine,  has  beeo 
erected.  Its  form  is  a  parallelogram  one  huhdrt^d  tai 
sixty-eight  feet  in  length,  by  ninety-three  and  one-half  ii 
bteadth ;  it  is  surmounted  by  a  dome  of  stone,  scidp- 
tared  in  scales,  vrith  a  demi-<:upola  on  each  side,  present' 
ing  the  same  ornaments.  Two  covered  gaDeriea,  which, 
with  the  portico,  form  a  projecting  body,  consist  each  of 
nine  arcades,  closed  by  iron  gates,  tnder  the  arc»ic» 
are  tombs,  surmounted  by  white  marble  medallions  c»- 
circled  by  cypress  and  poppies;  and  tablets  with  inscr^ 


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GUfSTliRB  D£  LA  MADELEINE.  383 

lions.     At  the  extreniities  of  the  galleries  are  two  large 
cippi»  bearing  funereal  ornaments,  and  the  inscription — 
Has  ultra  metaa  quiescont. 

The  roof  of  the  galleries  is  <Mrnamented  with  garlands 
of  cypress  and  other  emblems.  *The  principal  entrance 
18  in  the  form  of  a  tomb,  and  leads,  by  sixteen  steps, 
to  a  vestibule  situated  at  half  the  height  of  the  gal- 
leries; a  second  flight  of  steps  conducts  to  a  platform, 
firom  which  rises  the  portico,  consisting  of  four  Doric  co- 
lumns, supporting  a  pediment.  Twelve  steps  lead  into 
the  chapel.  *  The  interior  of  the  dome  and  cupolas  is  or- 
namented with  roses;  through  the  centre  of  the  former, 
light  is  admitted  by  a  window  of  coloured  glass.  The 
pavement  is  formed  of  various  coloured  marble,  wrought 
in  mosaic  work  to  correspond  with  the  roof.  Around 
the  chapel  are  fifteen  niches,  destined  to  receive  statues 
of  the  most  distinguished  victims  of  the  revolution.  From 
this  spot  a  double  staircase  leads  to  a  subterranean  chapel, 
in  ^hich  will  be  placed  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 
Louis  XYI.  and  Marie  Antoinette.  The  efiect  of  the 
building,  although  of  small  tlimensions,  is  highly  im- 
posing, and  cannot  fail  to  produce  interesting  associations 
in  the  mind  of  the  beholder. 


THE  END. 


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APPENDIX. 


TOL.  III. 


2b 


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APPENDIX. 


o 


THE  ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS. 

About  the  year  240,  under  the  reign  of  the  emperor 
Decius,  Saint  Denis  (Dionysius)  set  out  from  Rome  with 
the  design  of  preaching  the  gospel,  and  establishing  Chris- 
tianity in  GauL  His  mission  wfts  attended  with  success ; 
and  so  great  was  the  number  of  proselytes,  that  he  ac- 
quired the  title  of  Apostle  to  the  Gauls.  After  some  time 
a  Yiolent  persecution  arose  against  the  christians,  and 
Saint  Denis,  who  was  regarded  as  their  chief,  became  a 
yictim  to  its  fury.  He,  together  with  his  companions  Rus- 
ticus  and  Eleutheros,  was  arrested,  condemned  to  death, 
and  beheaded.  * 

The  feibote  period  of  the  martyrdom  of  Saint  Denis 
has  involted  bis  history  in  obscurity,  and  giren  birth  to 
a  multitude  of  fables.  The  tradition  best  known  is  the 
foHowing: — Saint  Denis  haying  been  beheaded,  imme- 
diately rose  upon  his  feet,  took  up  his  head,  and  carried 
it  more  than  a  league,  whilst  angels  hovered  around  him, 
singing  Gloria  tibi,  Domine  I  and  others  thrice  replied, 
HalUlujah  I    Upon  reaching  the  spot  where  the  church 

2b* 


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388  APPE9CDU. 

dedicated  to  him  now  stands,  he  stopped,  kitted  bit  I 
and  after  having  placed  it  at  his  feel»  disappeared.  A 
celebrated  lady,  to  whom  this  absurd  miracle  wat  rrktrd, 
replied  — Je  U  croU  bien :  en  pareil  cqs,  U  n'jr  m  fwt  k 
premier  pas  qui  coiUe. 

The  construction  of  the  church  of  Saint  Denis  it  al- 
lowed by  most  historians  to  have  originated  at  feUowt : — 

On  the  right  of  the  high  road  leading  from  Paris  la 
Pontoise»  was  a  field  belonging  to  a  lady  named  Catalk. 
This  lady,  who  had  been  converted  to  the  chrtsliaa  iutk 
by  the  preaching  of  Saint  Denis,  witnessed  hit  martyr- 
dom,  and  being  deeply  affected  by  the  spectacle,  was  de- 
sirous of  rendering  to  him  and  his  two  companiotti  tht 
honours  of  burial.  To  accomplish  her  purpose,  she  m- 
yitcd  the  guards  to  a  banquet;  and,  when  they  had  he- 
come  intoxicated,  she  ordered  her  servants  to  carry  away 
the  bodies,  and  bury  them  in  her  field,  which 
wards  ploughed  and  sown^ 

The  persecution  of  the  christians  having 
the  year  313,  Catulla  erected  a  tomb  over  the  remaint  «f 
the  three  martyrs  ;  and  some  time  after,  the  GaUic  con- 
verts built  upon  the  spot  a  chapel,  which  wat  calkd  U 
ChapelU  des  Trots  Martyrs. 

In  496,  Sainte  Crenevi^ve,  aided  by  the  alms  of  the  Pa- 
risians, caused  this  chapel  to  be  rebuilt  upon  a  Urfcr 
scale.  From.. that  period  the  chapel  or  church  of  Saii 
Denis  became  celebrated.  Towards  the  end  of  the  msk 
century  it  appears  to  have  possessed  considerable  ricbet, 
for  in  57&,  some  of  the  German  soldiers  of  king  SigeWt. 
when  returnmg  from  an  invasion  of  the  states  of  ing 
Chilperic,  having  entered  this  church,  an  oflScer  otrried 
off  from  a  tomb  a  piece  of  rich  silk  ornamented  with  goU 
and  precious  stones.  Another  officer*  having  moonlcd  It 
the  top  of  the  toinb^  which  was  in  the  form  of  a  cower«  Ar 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  389 

the  purpose  of  breaking  off  a  dove  in  gold,  fell  from  it 
and  was  killed. 

In  the  year  580,  Ghilperic  having  lost  Dagobert,  his 
son,  at  the  age  of  three  months,  at  Brinnacum,  between 
Paris  and  Soissons,  caused  him  to  be  interred  in  the 
church  of  Saint  Denis.  This  was  the  first  prince  known 
to  have  been  buried  there.  But  it  appears  that,  at  that 
period,  the  benefactors  of  the  churcb>  could  be  interred 
in  it,  as  a  lady,  named  Theodilane,  was  buried  there  in 
626,  in  consequence  of  haying  bequeathed  to  it  her  pro- 
perty. Fortunat,  bishop  of  Poitiers,  wrote  the  following 
acrostic  epitaph  for  the  young  prince : — 

O  ulce  caput  populi,  Dagoberte,  perennis  amore, 
>•      uxilium  patriae,  spes  puerilis  obis, 
O  enniiie  regali  nasceos  generosus  et  infans 
O      stensus  terris,  mox  quoque  rapte  polis. 
W  elligeri  yeniens  Clodovechi  gente  potenti 
n      gre^  proayi  germen  honore  pari, 
pj  egibus  antiquis  respondcns  nobiHs  infans 
D      bilpericique  patris,  vel  Fregedunde  genus : 
H  e  Teneranda  tamen  mox  abluit  unda  layacii, 
(Ij      inc  licet  abreptum  lux  tenet  alma  throno. 
cj  iyis  honore  ergo,  et  cum  judex  yen^t  orbis, 
en      urrectiuiis  eris  fulgidus,  ore  nitens. 

Dagobert  I.  founded  the  abbey  of  Saint  Denis  in  the 
year  613,  and,  dying  in  638,  was  buried  in  a  magnificent 
tomb  which  he  had  erected  in  the  church.  This  prince 
had  three  wives  and  two  concubines.  His  first  wife,  Go- 
matrude,  sister  to  Bertrude,  whom  he  married  in  626, 
was  divorced  under  pretence  of  barrenness;  by  his  se- 
cond wife,  Nantilde,  whom  he  married  in  629,  he  had  one 
son,  afterwards  Clovis^I.  Nantilde,  who  governed  the 
state  during  her  son's  minority,  died  in  the  year  642,  and 
was  buried  in  the  church  of  Saint  Denis.  In  630,  Dago- 
bert secretly  married  Raguetrude,  a  lady  of  Australia. 
His  two  concubines  were  named  Welfgonde  and  Bertilde. 


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390  APPENDIX. 

On  the  tomb  of  Dagoberi  were   ibe   foUowiBg 
iaphs: — 

HftC  Dagobertus  homo  Francomm  gloria  princcps 

Gum  Narchil  decubat  conjuge  pads  apex. 
Quern  meritis  sceptro  Dionysius  extiilit  alio, 

Gujus  ope  et  gazis  hie  stat  in  arce  locus. 
Nonum  Janus  agens  decimumque  per  sqaora  i 

Vicesimo  bistro  reddidit  ossa  solo.  . 
Dives,  inops,  pMceres,  populus,  rex,  adrena,  cms 

Sint,  homm  memores,  dent  ac  in  astra  preces. 


Gu)us  in  hac  fossa  carnes  tumulantur  et  ossa. 

Rex  fuit  ecclesiie  proridns  et  patriae. 
Dum  fuit  in  sceptris,  sic  creyit  Gallia  rirtos 

Quod  sibi  succubuit  gens  ea  qu»  yoluit. 
Iipperiumqae  suum  tali  moderamine  rexit : 

Nee  bonus  immeritus  nee  malus  ullus  erat. 
Islam  basilicam  tanto  fundarit  honore; 

Yiyus  ut  ad  sedem  morluus  ad  requiem. 
Unde  promeruil  quod  dieat  quisque  fidelis ; 

Sit  sine  fine  tibi,.  rex  Dagoberte,  quies. 

From  the  following  epitaph  it  appears,  thai  tbr  toah 

of    Dagobert   and   Nantilde  was    ornamented  wjl&  gih 

busts : —  « 

Egregii  proceres  Chlotharius  ac  Dagoberms 
Filius  et  pater  hie  memorantur  laude  perenoL 
Sed  magb  ecclesiam  ditayit  banc  Dagobertus 
Gum  Nanthilde  sua,  quam  exomant  aorea  bosta. 

*In  the  cloister  was  a  statue  of  Dagobert  upon  histbn*'* 
with  his  two  sons,  CIovis  11.  and  Sigeberl,  by  his  ^^ 
On  the  base  was  the  following  inscription : — 

Fingiiur  hac  specie  boniuUs  adore  refertm, 
Istius  ecclesisB  fundalor  rex  Dagobertus, 
Juslitis  cultor,  cunctis  targus  dator  aeris. 
Aiuit  et  scderis  fcrus  et  promptisstnius  ultor. 
Armipoteos  bellator  erat,  rduttque  piticelU, 
Hostes  confregit,  populosque  per  arroa  sobegit. 

Pepin-le-Bref,  father  of  Charlemagne,  demolisk^  ^ 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  301 

church,  which  had  been  greatly  enriched  and  ornamented 
by  Dagobert,  and  began  one  much  more  extensive  upon 
its  site. .  He  died  before  it  was  finished;  and  Charlemagne, 
at  the  solicitetion  of  Fulrad,  fourteenth  abbot  of  Saint 
Denis,  completed  it;  and,  in  February,  776,  it  was  con- 
secrated in  the  presence  of  the  monarch  and  his  court. 
Of  the  church  built  by  Pepin  and  Charlemagne,  nothing 
now  remains  except  the  crypts  or  subterranean  chapels 
round  the  choir.  These  crypts  still  present  tolerably  per- 
fect models  of  the  Lombard  architecture,  introduced  into 
France  by  Charlemagne  after  his  conquests  in  Italy.  It 
was  in  these  crypts  that,  for  a  century  and  a  half  before 
the  revolution,  the  kings  of  France  were  interred. 

Sqger,  abbot  of  Saint  Denis,  and  regent  of  the  king- 
dom during  the  first  crusade  of  Louis  YIL,  aumamed  U 
Jeune,  nearly  rebuilt  the  church.  The  present  porch  and 
the  two  towers  date  from  that  period.  Louis  YII.  laid 
the  first  stone  on  the  14th  of  July,  1140,  and  every  bishop 
present  at  the  ceremony  also  laid  a  stone.  When  the 
officiating  minister  pronounced  the  words  Lapidti  pretiosi 
amnes  muri  tut  et  tUh^eg,  Jerusalem,  getnmis  mdificabun- 
tur,  the  king  took  a  costly  ring  from  his  finger,  and  threw 
It  into  the  foundations.  Several  of  the  other  persons  pre- 
sent followed  his  example. 

The  church  being  finished  in  June,  1144,  Suger  mvited 
the  bbhopa  of  the  kingdom  to  be  present  at  its  consecra- 
tion. He  also  sent  for  the  most  skilful  painters,  sculptors, 
goldsmiths,  and  glaxiers  firom  all  parts  of  France  to  em- 
bellish the  church*  The  windows  of  coloured  glass,  put 
up  at  that  period,  were  of  exquisite  design  and  execution. 
Besides  subjects  taken  from  the  Scriptures,  they  represent- 
ed the  most  remarkable  events  of  the  first  crusade.  Being 
desirous  that  the  works  of  art  in  the  church  should  be 
preserved,  the  abbot  bequeathed  funds  for  the  support  of 


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392  APPENDIX. 

two  artiste,  to  surrey  and  keep  in  repair  tbe  wiaAiw* 
ornaments. 

At  tbe  death  of  the  abbot  he  was  buried  in  the 
and  the  following  epitaph  was  placed  upon  his  lomb : — 

Decidit  ecdesiae  flos,  gemma,  corona,  coldmna; 

Yexillum,  djpeos,  galea,  lumen,  aptz. 
Abbas  Sugerius,  q»ecimen  Tirtntis  tt  aoqiu. 

Cum  pietate  grayis,  cum  grayitate  piua. 
Magnanimua,  sapiens,  facundus,  largui,  honestus, 

Judiciis  prsBsens  corpore,  mente  sibi. 
Rex  per  eum  caute  rexit  moderamina  regni. 

nie  regens  regem,  rex  quasi  regis  erat. 
Dum  que  moras  ageret  rex  transmare  pUiribos  annii, 

Prffifuit  hie  regno,  regis  agendo  vices. 
Qum  duo  Tiz  alius  potuit  sibi  jungere,  jamit, 

£t  probos  ille  Tiria,  et  bonus  ille  Deo. 
Pfobilis  ecclesiBB  decorarit,  reppulit,  auxit, 

Sedem,  damna,  cborum  laude,  vigore,  yirii. 
Corpore,  gente  breris,  gemina  brentate  coactas : 

In  breritate  sua  noluit  esse  brevis. 
Gui  rapuit  lucem  lux  sepdma  Tbe'iophanise. 

Yeram  vera  yiro  Theiophania  dedit. 

The  church  built  by  Suger  appears  to  bafe  been  want- 
ing in  soHdity,  for  in  less  than  a  century  after  its  conslmc- 
tion  it  was  faUmg  into  ruins.  Eudes  Clement*  aUoi  of 
Saint  Denis,  determined  to  rebuild  it;  and,  at  his  soEdta- 
tion.  Saint  Louis  and  his  mother,  Blanche  de  Castflk, 
contributed  liberally.  The  worics  were  begun  in  1231» 
but  not  finished  till  1281,  under  the  reign  of  Philippe  le 
Bel.  At  that  period,  the  abbot  of  Saint  Denis  was  MatUev 
de  Vend6me,  who  had  been  regent  of  France  during  tbe 
second  crusade  undertaken  by  Saint  Louis,  in  1S70. 

From  its  having  been  constructed  at  different  periods, 
the  plan  of  the  church  is  irregular.  To  draw  straight  Gaes, 
the  principal  entrance  should  be  at  the  spot  occupM>d  by 
the  southern  tower.      This  want  of  regularity  did  ttoC 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  9AINT  DENIS.  393 

escape  the  notice  of  Peter  the  Great,  who  visited  Saint 
Denis  in  i717. 

At  the  time  of  the  revolution ,  some  windows  in  coloured 
glass,  representing  events  in  the  life  of  Saint  Louis,  were 
still  in  existence.  There  were  others  which  appeared  even 
more  ancient.  Among  the  latter  was  one  in  vUch  Saint 
Paul  was  represented  turning  a  mill-stone,  and  the  pro- 
phets bringing  him  sacks  of  wheat.  Beneath  was  this 
line ; — 

Tollis  agendo  molam  de  furfure,  Paule,  farinam. 

When  king  John  was  made  prisoner  by  the  Englbh, 
at  the  battle  of  Poitiers,  themonks  of  Saint  Denis,  appre- 
hensive that  their  church  would  be  attacked  for  the  sake 
of  plunder,  resolved  to  fortify  it.  The  dauphin,  regent 
of  the  kingdom  during  his  father's  captivity,  granted  them 
permission,  in  1358,  to  demolish  several  houses,  in  order 
to  erect  the  fortifications.  It  is  supposed  that  the  battle- 
ments which  still  remain  at  the  lower  part  of  the  two 
towers,  date  from  that  period. 

In  1373,  Charles  V.  built  the  first  chapel  on  the  right 
of  the  entrance,  as  a  place  of  sepulture  for  himself  and 
family. 

The  church  of  Saint  Denis,  therefore,  as  it  now  appears^ 
was  built  at  five  different  periods;  the  first  in  775,  the  se- 
cond in  1140,  the  third  in  1231,  the  fourth  in  1281,  and 
the  fifth  in  1373.  Few  edifices  of  the  kind  in  France  can 
lay  claim  to  such  high  antiquity. 

The  oriflamme,  that  celebrated  banner  of  the  French, 
which  they  regarded  for  so  long  a  period  as  the  palladiutn 
of  the  country,  was  deposited  in  the  church  of  Saint 
Denis,  and  the  monks  of  the  abbey  considered  it  their 
highest  honour  to  be  constituted  its  guardians.  When- 
ever the  kings  of  France  went  out  to  battle,  they  came  in 


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394  APPENDIX. 

state  to  receiFe  the  oriflamme  from  the  aUioi»  whick  Ikry 
confided  to  an  officer  who  was  reputed  the  most  TafinC 
knight.     The  latter,  upon  receiving  it  from  the  monaidi^t 
hands,  made  oath  to  presenre  it  unstained,  and  to 
fice  his  fife  rathec  than  abandon  it  to  the  enemy*     Fr 
Louis  YI.  to  Charles  y II.  it  was  always  carried  at  the  head 
of  the  French  armies ;  and  whether  Tictorioos  or  imsac- 
cessful,  was  never  captured.     But  at  the  Utter  period. 
the  white  flag  having  become  the  banner  of  France,  the 
oriflamme  ceased  to  be  held  in  veneration,  and  remaiaed 
among  the  treasures  of  Saint  Denis.     Two  inventories  of 
that  church,  the  one  made  in  1634,  and  the  other  in  15M. 
prove  that  it  still  existed  at  those  periods,  since  whid 
time  it  is  no  more  mentioned ;  but  the  manner  of  its  &- 
appearance  is  unknown.     The  oriflamme  was  of  scaHet 
tafieta,  cut  in  three  points,  ornamented  with  a  gold  frtogv, 
and  attached  to  a  gilt  lance. 

No  church  in  France  was  so  rich  in  relics  and  onia- 
ments  as  that  of  Saint  Denis.  Its  wealth  was  celebrated 
fiir  and  wide,  and  few  strangers  came  to  Paris  wit&oot 
visiting  it.  The  following  authentic  list,  drawn  up  in 
1793,  will  show,  that  if  it  possessed  a  great  number  o( 
articles,  which  credulity  alone  rendered  valuable,  it  pos- 
sessed others  of  which  the  intrinsio  worth  was  immense. 

The  treasure  of  Saint  Denis  was  contained  in  tn 
presses. 

In  the  first  press  were 

A  golden  cross,  two  feet  and  a  half  in  length,  richly  studded  w^ 
jewels,  in  which  was  enclosed  a  piece  of  the  trne  cross,  aboot  a  fo«t 
long.  Baldwin,  emperor  of  Constantinople,  presented  it  to  Pfcip 
Augustus,  who  gave  it  to  Saint  Denis. 

A  crucifix  of  the  wood  of  the  true  cross,  presented  to  PhiKp  A»- 
guslui  by  pope  Clement  HI. 

A  shrine  of  silvei*  gill,  in  which  were  parcels  of  the  prindpJ  «*■» 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 


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ABBEY  GIIURGU  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  395 

One  of  the  nails  with  which  Jesus  Christ  wa»f  astened  to  the  cross, 
presented  by  Charles  le  Chauve, 

A  reliquary,  commonfy  called  the  Oraioire  de  Philippe  Auguste, 
The  front  was  of  gold,  and  the  other  parts  of  silver  gilt.  According 
to  its  inscriptions,  it  contained  more  than  fifty  relics. 

Two  images  of  silver  gilt,  of  which  one  represented  the  Virgin 
Mary,  holding  in  her  right  hand  a  golden  ^/2etir  de  lis,  upon  which 
was  written — Des  cheveux  de  Notre  Dame.     The  person  repre- 
sented by  the  other  is  unknown.    They  were  presented  by  Jeanne. 
dTvreux,  queen  of  France  and  Nararre. 

A  gold  reliquary,  containing  an  arm-bone  of  Saint  Simeon,  who 
received  our  Lord  at  the  Temple. 

A  reliquary  of  silver  gilt,  representing  the  martyrdom  of  Saint 
Hyppolite,  and  containing  a  bone  of  that  martyr. 

An  image  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  holding  a  reliquary  filled  with  the 
swaddling-clothes  of  the  infant  Jesus. 

A  wand  of  silver  gilt,  which  the  chanter  used  on  solemn  festivals. 
It  was  a  present  from  GuiUaume  Roquemont,  chanter  of  Saint  Denis 
in  1394. 

Two  mitres  of  ancient  abbots  of  Saint  Denis.  One  was  a  ground 
of  pearls,  Tari4|;ated  with  precious  stones ;  the  other  was  enriched 
in^fleurs  de  lis  of  small  pearls.  On  the  latter  were  the  words — 
Petrus,  0kbas,  me  fecit;  which  referred  to  Pierre  d*Auteuil,  abbot 
of  Saint  Denis  in  1221. 

A  cross  of  silver  gilt,  upon  which  were  the  arms  of  the  caixlinal 
de  Lorraine,  abbot  of  Saint  Denis,  who  gave  it  to  the  church. 

The  crowns,  sceptre,  and  hand  of  justice,  used  at  the  coronation 
of  Henry  IV.  One  of  the  crowns  was  of  gold,  and  the  rest  of  silver 
gill. 

A  tooth  of  Saint  Pancratius,  enclosed  in  a  crystal. 

A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt. 

A  reliquary,  containing  some  bones  of  Saint  Placide  under  a  piece 
of  rock  crystal.    On  the  sides  were  two  images  of  angels  in  ivory. 

A  piece  of  a  marble  or  alabaster  water-pot,  which  was  said  to  have 
been  one  of  those  used  at  the  marriage  of  Cana  in  Galilee,  where  the 
water  was  turned  into  wine. 

A  reliquary  of  sUrer  gilt,  containing  an  arm-bone  of  Saint  Eus- 
tatius. 

la  the  second  press  were 

A  bust  of  silver  gilt,  in  which  was  the  head  of  Saint  Hilaiius.  His 
roitie  and  the  embroidery  of  his  cope  were  covered  with  pearb  and 


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396  APPENDIX. 

jewels :  amoDg  others  was  a  superb  agate,  representiog  the  < 
Augustus. 

A  cross  of  gold  enriched  with  precious  stones,  contaiiiing  an  iraa 
rod  taken  from  the  gridiron  on  which  Saint  Laurent  was  rotated. 

A  reliquary  of  crystal  ornamented  with  silver,  in  which  wcire  maat 
of  the  hair  and  garments  of  Sainte  Margaret. 

A  reliquary  of  sUyer  gilt,  which  represented  Mary  Magdalen  npta 
a  pedestal  ornamented  with  Jleurs  de  lis.  Upon  the  base  wen 
kneeling  figures  of  Charles  T.,  Jeanne  de  Bourbon,  his  coiisort»  aarf 
Charles  the  Dauphin,  their  son.  This  reliquary  is  said  to  have  coo- 
tained  part  of  the  chin  of  Mary  Magdalen. 

A  r^quary  of  silver  gilt,  containing  one  of  the  shoulder  booe  of 
John  the  Baptist,  sent  to  king  Dagobert  by  the  emperor  Hetmcfiv 

A  silrer  image  of  Saint  Leger,  bishop  of  Autun,  holding  ooe  of 
his  eyes,  which  were  plucked  out  by  order  of  Ebroin,  major  oi  the 
palace. 

An  image  of  silver  gilt,- representing  Saint  Nicholas,  bishop  cf 
Myre,  some  relics  of  whom  were  enclosed  in  the  base. 

A  cross  of  silver  gilt,  enriched  with  enamel,  containing  aoow  woorf 
of  the  true  cross. 

A  pair  of  candlesticks  of  silver  gilt.  The  clasp  of  a  rich  copt, 
presented  by  queen  Anne  of  Brittany.  Upon  this  chop  was  am 
oriental  hyacinth,  encircled  by  a  girdle,  upon  which  was  wriltcn  ■ 
golden  characters — J^on  munem»  It  also  bore  the  dooor  s  anas  in 
enamelled  gold. 

A  vase  of  rock  crystal,  and  another  of  beryl,  cut  in  diaaioaid 
points. 

A  silvei*  gilt  image  of  Saint  Denis,  containing  some  of  his  rdia. 

An  image  of  silver  gilt,  which  represented  Sainte  Catherine,  aaJ 
contained  some  of  her  relics. 

A  reliquary  of  silver  made  in  the  form  of  a  church :  upan  the  fr«t 
were  the  arms  of  the  abbey  of  Saint  Denis,  and  those  of  cardiosl^ 
Yilliers,  abbot  of  Saint  Denis  in  1474.  It  contained  rehct  of  aefcnl 
saints. 

A  basin  and  ewer  of  silver  gilt.  At  the  bottom  of  the  basm  «» 
represented  the  story  of  Joseph  sold  by  his  brethren,  enctrdcd  in6 
medallions  of  emperors. 

A  wand  of  enamelled  gold  ornamented  with  filligree-wofi.  ^* 
the  extremity  was  an  eagle  bearing  a  youth.  Some  antiquarici oo*- 
aider  it  to  have  been  the  sceptre  of  Dagobert  s  others  believe  il  ta  kav* 
been  a  consular  staff. 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  397 

A  golden  eagle,  enriched  ^ith  a  beautiful  sapphire  and  other 
)ew^,  supposed  to  haye  been  the  clasp  of  king  Dagobert*8  mantle. 

A  reliquary,  in  which  were  some  relics  of  Saint  Pantaleon. 

A  reliquary  containing  bones  of  the  prophet  Isaiah. 

The  two  crowns,  one  of  gold,  the  other  of  silrer,  used  at  the  coro« 
nation  of  Louis  Xm. 

A  crown  of  silver  gilt,  used  at  the  funeral  of  queen  Anne  of  Anstria. 

An  ivory  image  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  wearing  a  gold  crown  studded 
with  jewels. 

A  missal,  seven  or  eight  hundred  years  old.  A  New  TesUment^ 
written  upon  vellum,  at  least  nine  hundred  years  old.  Several  an- 
cient manuscripts,  most  of  which  had  very  costly  bindings. 

In  the  third  press  were 

The  head  of  Saint  Denis,  in  gold,  wearing  a  mitre  covered  with 
pearls  and  precious  stones.  Two  angels  of  silver  gilt  supported  the 
head,  and  a  third  held  in  his  hands  a  golden  reliquary,  enriched  with 
pearls  and  jewels,  and  containing  a  shoulder-bone  of  Saint  Denis. 

A'rehquaiy  of  silver  gilt,  enclosing  a  hand  of  Saint  Thomas  the 
Apostle,  presented  by  the  duke  of  Berry  in  1394. 

A  reliquary  of  silver  gilt,  containing  the  lower  jaw-bone  of  Saint 
Louis.  This  relic  was  supported  by  two  figures  wearing  crowns, 
and  having  the  following  inscriptions  beneath  their  feet:  on  one 
Bide^Phiitppus  IK,  rex  FmncuB^  fiUus  beati  Ludovici  regis; 
and,  on  the  other,  Philippus  V.,  rex  Francice,  filius  PhUippi 
Quarii  regis.  In  front  was  an  image  of  Gilles  de  Pontoise,  abbot 
of  Saint  Denis,  holding  a  small  rehquary  in  which  was  a  bone  of 
Saint  Louis. 

A  piece  of  rock  crystal,  upon  which  were  cngrared  a  cindfix 
and  images  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and  Saint  John'.  In  this  reliquary 
were  some  fragments  of  the  garments  of  Saint  Louis.  The  frame  in 
which  it  was  set  was  of  gold  studded  with  pearls  and  precious  stones. 

A  head  of  Saint  Denu  in  silver. 

A  lapis  lazuli  set  in  gold,  and  surrounded  with  pearls  and  jewels, 
upon  which  Jesus  Christ  was  represented  with  the  characters  which 
form  his  name.  Upon  the  reverse  was  the  image  of  the  Virgin 
Mary,  with  her  initials. 

A  clasp  of  the  mantle  of  Saint  Denis,  of  silver  gilt,  enriched  with 
rings  and  precious  stones. 

A  hand  of  silver  gilt,  containing  a  small  bone  of  Saint  Denis,  which 
Saint  Louis  always  carried  with  him  when  he  travelled. 

A  cup  of  tamarisc  wood,  said  to  have  been  used  by  Saint  Louis  as 
a  remedy  for  the  spleen. 


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398      .  APPENDIX. 

The  sword  worn  by  Saint  Louis  in  his  expeditions  to  the  H0I5 
Land. 

A  phial  of  onyx.    Saint  Louis's  ring :  it  was  of  gdd,  < 
with^urs  de  Us^  and  enriched  with  a  sapphire,  upon  which  1 
king's  efligy,  and  the  letters  S.  L.  fsigiiitam  Ludovia.J    At  tbe  < 
tr^mity  of  the  chain  was  a  piece  of  silver  coin,  strode  at  Saim  T 
haying  the  l^;end— CSuro/iii  M)ei  gratid  rex;  and,  on  fhm'  nm— 
Sancti  Dionissii  M, 

A  crown  of  gold,  enriched  with  precious  stones,  among  whadi  wa« 
a  ruby.  In  the  ruby  was  enchased  a  thorn  of  the  crown  wofs  by 
Jesus  Christ. 

Two  crowns,  one  of  gold  and  the  other  of  silrer  gik,  used  tf  the 
coronation  of  Louis  XTV. 

The  abb^  Suger's  chalice  and  paten.  The  cup  o£  tbe  rhaiicc  wm 
of  a  beautiful  oriental  agate,  exquisitdy  wrought.  The  paiia  w» 
of  a  serpentine  stone,  ornamented  with  dolphins,  etc.  m  gold. 

A  chalice  and  cruets  of  crystal,  said  to  bare  been  oaed  by  Stim 
Louis. 

An  agate  upon  which  was  represented  a  queen.  Tbe  edfge  was 
of  silver  gilt,  wrought  in  filligree,  and  set  with  predona  stoocs. 

A  rellum  manuscript,  containing  the  works  attribnlMl  to  Saot 
Denis  the  Areopagite,  with  the  commentaries  of  IWm'Mg  fW 
binding  was  of  silrer,  ornamented  with  small  irory  %arei,  mad  em^ 
riched  with  an  immense  number  of  predous  stones,  hi  the  ead  of 
the  manuscript  it  was  recorded,  that  it  was  a  present  from  tbe  €■► 
peror  Mannd  Paleologus,  and  that  ManUd  Ghryaokina,  bis  Mlias 
sador,  brought  it  to  Saint  Denis  in  1408. 

A  clasp  of  silver  jgilt,  set  with  predous  stones,  upon  which  were 
Saint  D^iis  and  two  other  figures.  Two  pontifical  rings  of  goU, 
ornamented  with  sapphires  encirded  with  pearls  and 
stones.  A  crosier  covered  with  gold  and  enriched  with  < 
precious  stones,  said  to  have  bdonged  to  St.  Denis. 

A  crown  of  silver  gilt,  used  at  the  funeni  of  Harin  Tbcrva  of 
Austria,  consort  of  Louis  XTV. 

In  the  fourth  press  were 

A  bust  6f  Saint  Benedict,  of  silver  gilt.    The  rattre  was  cntoW 
with  small  medals  of  agate,  and  enriched  with  pearb  and  | 
stones :  upon  the  embroidery  of  the  cope  was  a  medal  of  i 
presenting  one  of  the  Roman  emperon.    This  fdlqitary 
part  of  the  scull  of  Saint  Benedict  and  a  bone  of  his 
presented  by  the  duke  of  Berry  in  1401 . 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  399 

A  gblden  cross,  coyered  with  pearls,  sapphires,  and  emeralds, 
presented  by  Charles  le  Chauve, 

The  Oratoire  de  {^rlemagne  was  a  magnificent  reliquary  of 
gold,  enriched  with  pearls  and  jewels.  '  Upon  the  top  was  a  repre- 
sentation of  a  Roman  princess. 

A  pontifical,  supposed  to  hare  been  seven  hundred  years  old.  The 
bindhig  was  of  silver  gilt,  and  represented  the  ceremony-of  the  coro- 
nation of  the  French  kings. 

An  agate  vase,  the  foot,  handle,  and  coyer  of  which  were  of  sil- 
ver gill,  enriched  with  jewels. 

A  rare  and  beautiful  vase  of  oriental  agate,  supposed  to  have  been 
made  by  order  of  Ptolomaeus  Philadelphus,  king  of  Egypt.  Upon  it 
was  represented  a  fete  in  honour  of  Bacchus.  It  was  also  orna- 
mented with  hieroglyphical  figures  of  exquisite  workmanship. 

A  vase  of  rock  crystal,  with  a  cover  of  gold.  An  inscription  upon 
it  stated  that  it  was  intended  to  contain  sweetmeats. 

The  crown  of  Charlemagne.  It  was  of  gold,  enriched  with  jewels, 
and  was  used  at  the  coronation  of  the  kings  of  France. 

A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt,  of  extraordinarily  large  dimen- 
sions. A  mitre  of  gold  brocade,  worn  by  the  ancient  abbots  of 
Saint  Denis.  A  clasp  of  gold,  set  with  nibies  and  diamonds,  and 
ornamented  with  a  string  of  large  oriental  pearls.  A  golden  saucei*, 
in  the  middle  of  which  was  represented  a  king  upon  his  thr<me. 

A  child  8  head,  formed  of  an  oriental  agate. 

Caesar  Augustus  in  agate. 

A  golden  sceptre,  five  feet  ten  inches  in  length.  At  the  end  was 
a  lily  in  enamdled  gold,  on  which  Charlemagne  was  represented 
upon  bis  throne.  From  the  following  inscription  it  appears  that 
that  monarch  was  sometimes  designated  a  saint  z^Sanctus  Karolus 
Magnus,  Italia,  Roma,  Gallia,  Germania. 

A  plate  of  silver  gilt,  upon  which  Saint  Denis  was  represented, 
with  an  inscription  stating  that,  in  4610,  Jacques  Sobieski  gave  it  to 
the  church  of  Saint  Denis,  out  of  gratitude  for  having  been  healed 
of  a  dangerous  malady  through  the  intercession  of  that  saint. 

The  sword  of  Charlemagne,  of  which  the  guard,  handle,  and 
pommel  were  of  gold,  A  pair  of  gold  spurs.  A  hand  of  justice, 
made  of  the  horn  of  an  unicorn,  with  a  handle  of  gold. 

The  crown  of  Jeanne  d'Evreux,  consort  of  Charles  IV.  It  was  of 
gold,  set  with  jewels,  and  was  used  at  the  coronation  of  the  queens 
of  Fxance,  which  always  took  place  at  Saint  Denis. 

A  book  of  the  epistles  and  gospels,  the  binding  of  which  was  of 
gold,  enriched  with  precious  Atones. 


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400  APPENDIX. 

A  gobletinade  of  an  onyx,  adorned  with  gold  and  jewda.  An- 
other goblet  of  a  rare  green  stone,  ornamented  with  enatnelied  gold. 

A  chalice  and  paten  of  silver  gilt,  presented  by  Qkaxki  Y.  A 
porphyry  vase,  adorned  with  an  eagWs  head  of  alrer  gik. 

Three  crowns  of  silver  gilt,  of  which  one  was  used  at  the  §amtni 
of  Henrietta  of  France,  queen  of  England ;  the  second,  at  tW  faitiJ 
of  Marie  Anne  Christine  Yictoire  of  Bavaria,  coosoit  of  Lona,  dau- 
phin ;  and  the  third,  at  the  funeral  of  Philippe  doke  of  Okieaas; 
only  brother  of  Louis  XIY. 

The  fifth  press  contained 

A  shrine  of  silver  gilt,  set  with  jewels,  in  which  were  Most  of  tfce 
bones  of  Saint  Louis.  It  was  ornamented  by  several  figorci  rcp«- 
senting  the  Tirtues,  and  small  portraits  in  enamel  of  the  twdre  peers 
of  France. 

A  shrine  covered  with  plates  of  s9rer,  ornamented  with  praciov 
stones,  in  which  was  the  body  of  Saint  Denis,  preaentad  by  po^ 
Innocent  HI.,  in  1215.* 

A  bust  of  silver  gilt,  containing  the  head  of  Saint  Peter  Che  Ei- 
ofcist. 

The  royal  robes  used  at  the  coronation  of  Louis  XIY. 

Two  crowns  used  at  the  coronation  of  Louis  XY.  and  Lovs  XTI. 

In  the  sixth  press  was 

The  royal  mantle  used  at  the  coronation  of  Louis  XVI.  It  was  td 
crimson  velret,  lined  with  ermine,  and  ornamented  with,^eau-s  ds  Us. 

In  the  same  room  were  a  number  of  other  antkpntaei 
and  curiosities,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  par- 
trait  of  the  Maid  of  Orleans,  her  sword,  and  tbe 
of  several  warriors  of  her  time,  Dagohert*s  chair  of  1 
gilt,f  etc 

Besides  the  great  number  of  relics  enumerated 
there  were  many  others  continually  exposed  in  the  cborck. 
The  principal  were  the  body  of  Saint  Denis,  and  tboae  «f 
Saint  Rusticus  and  Saint  Eleutheros,  companions  of  fti» 


*  It  is  di£kult  to  account  for  tins  body  hafing  been  prcHiftBd  by 
Innocent  m.,  since  Saint  Denis  is  said  to  have  been  intarrad  at  iW 
spot  where  the  churdi  stands. 

t  Now  in  the  royai  library. 


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A^BET  CHURG6  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  404 

toartyrdom.     They  Were  enclosed  M  three*  silver  shrines 
of  such  antiquity,  that  the  metal  Resembled  lead.     It  is 
recorded  of  Dagobert,  that  whenever  he  went  out  to  war,- 
he  carried  with  him  the  shrlhe  containing  the  relics  of" 
Saint  Denis. 

But  what  principally  excited  the  curiosity  and  admira^ 
tion  of  the  strangers  who  visited  Saint  Denis,  was  the 
magnificent  collection  of  tombs  and  monuments,  which, 
during  a  series  of  ages,  had  been  erected  to  the  memory 
of  kings,  queens,  princes,  and  heroes.  Of  these  we  shall 
only  notice  such  as  were  most  remarkable. 

In  the  sanctuary,  on  the  right  of  the  high  altar,  was 
the  tomb  or  sepulchral  clspel  of  Dagobert,  erected  by 
Saint  Louis.*  The  body  of  Dagobert,  which  had  been 
carefully  preserved,  was  placed  in  a  sarcophagus  of  grey^ 
stone,  hollowed  in  the  solid  mass.  The  lid  was  formed  of 
a  flat  stone,  upon  which  was  a-  statue  of  the  king,  clad  in 
the  costume  of  the  time,  and  having  his  hands  joined. 

This  monument  stood  in  a  Gothic  chapel  of  free-stone, 
decorated  with  an  infinite  number  of  small  ornaments  in 
foliage.  The  subjects  composing  the  three  bas-relie& 
which  formed  the  back  part  of  the  chapel,  invested  this 
monument  with  a  high  degree  of  interest. 

Montfaucon  relates,  that  ''  a  person  named  Ansoalde^ 
returning  from  his  embassy  to  Sicily,  landed  at  a  small 
island^  where  there  was  an  aged  hermit,  called  John, 
whose  sanctity  induced  great  numbers  to  visit  him,  and  en- 
treat his  prayers.  Ansoalde  entered  into  conversation  with 
tbift  holy  man ;  and  it  having  turned  i^>on  the  Gauls  and 
king  Dagobert,  John  said,  '  that  having  been  minded  to 
pray  to  God  for  the  soul  of  that  prince,  he  saw  upon  the 

*  The  original  tomb  was  destroyed  at  the  period  when  tbeNoi^ 
inanis  ravaged  France. 

VOL.  III.  2  c 


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402  APPENDIX. 

tea  some  devik»  lAkO  kept  king  Dagcdieri  bound  in  ft 

and  beat  hitn  with  Fulean's  kamm/tr$i  tbfti  DtogvWft 

called  t0  bis  aid  Saint  Denis,  Sabt  Maurice,  ftad  SaiM 

'  Martin»  praying  ibem  to  dUrrer  bim*  and  con?«j  kin  la 

Abrabam's  bosom.  Tbese  saints  pursued  tbe  de«Ai»  rtacwd 

the  soul  of  Dagobert,  and  eonducted  it  to  heafoa.*** 

Tbe  lowest  baa-feliof  repreeented  the  eorpae  of  kii^ 

Dagobert  with  bis  hands  joined.     AboTe  wa»  tbe  IbOew* 

ing  inscription : — 

Ci  gist  Dagobtrt,  premia*  fondstenr  df  cteis,  sq>litetr«t«  ca  Taa 
e32,ju8qiies4  645. 

In  tbe  Aext  compartment  Dagobert  was  aeeo  dji^* 

and  Saint  Denis  exhorting  faki.     A  tree  separated  Ais 

bas-relief  Atom  another,  in  which  appeared  a  boat  wilb 

devils  toraaeftting  poor  Dagob^*s  aooL    Abofe  it  was  ibis 

inscriptioD: — 

Saint  Deais  r^?^  ii  Jeaa,  anacbor^te,  qae  FioM  dc  Pa^nUil  ok 
aiasi  taurananl^. 

In  tbe  third  canpartment  were  two  aagab,  with  Saisl 
Denis  and  Saint  Martin,  who  walked  upon  tke  wvfvs  la 
tbe  baat,  and  reaoMd  the  soal  of  Dagobert  ftwn  iba  it- 
yils,  some  of  wbaaa  feU  headlong  into  tbe  aen.    Tha  it- 

scription  was : — 

L'ime  de  Dsgiditrt  tst  d^vrfe  par  ki  niMles  de  Saint  !)«■■,  Smm 
Bfania  tt  Saiat  Mamice. 

In  the  uppermost  coo^Mtftnent,  Saint  Denb,  Saint  kr 
tin,  and  Saint  Maurice  held  tba  smJ  of  Bagobut  in  t 
sheet;  they  had.an  angel  an  each  ride,  wbilo  tva  aibv* 
sprinkled  incense  jipon  tbe  sool*  Above  wera  Saint  Bk 
nis  and  Saint  Martin  kneeing  before  Abraham,  aad  b^ 
seeching  him  to  recrire  the  soul  into  bia  boaoaa. 

On  the  side,  in  front  of  smaU  pillars,  were  two  \ 
the  one  representing  queen  Nantilde,  tbe  consort  of 
bert,  and  the  other  king  Cloris,  their  son. 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS*  403 

The  bas-4^1ie&  aad  odnr  parts  of  Um  tomb  are  still  at 
Saiat  Dems»  being  built  in  the  wall  to  the  right  and  left 
on  enteruig. 

The  tomb  of  Henry  IL»  or  of  the  Yalois,  is  adorned 
with  twelve  comfj^te  colodins  and  twdre  ptlasleirs  of 
deep  blue  marble.  Thi^  monument^  after  the  designs  of 
Philibert  De  Lorme/  is  forty  feet  in  height  by  ten  in 
breadth,  and  twelve  and  a  half  in  length.  The  angles  are 
adorned  by  four  bronze  figures,  representing  the  cardinal 
virtues. 

The  corpses  of  Henry  II.  and  Catherine  de  MMicIs>  in 
white  marble,  are  represented  upon  a  bed*  Above  the 
entablature  are  bronze  statues  of  the  same  sovereign  and 
his  consort  in  their  state  costumes,  kneeling  before  a  desk; 
and  in  the  basement  are  four  bas-reliefi,  representing 
Faith,  Hope,  Charity,  and  Good  Works. 

It  was  Catherine  de  MMicis  who  erected  this  magnifi- 
cent mausoleum  shortly  after  the  death  of  Henry  II.  She 
oowamtted  its  eitecution  to  Germain  Pilon,  and  wished  to 
be  represented  naked,  and  asleep  by  her  consort's  yde. 
Her  portrait  is  giren  with  remarkable  truth,  and  the  light 
garment  thrown  over  her  body  is  exquisitely  beanitiAil.f 

*"  Primatice,  supeiiiilmkfeatirf  fbe  royal  bofidiiigs  aAer  the  death 
of  Philibert  de  liwae*  who  died  in  1577,  finiaked  thb  mommieiit. 

-f-  Tfav  ibikrwnig  coiiefis  stateracfntrtelatiiig  to  the  expenses  of  this 
mosionMnit,  b  tak«a  from  the  records  of  the  Chambre  des  Comptes : — 

Ssi^tTfni  du  feo  roi  Henri,  dernier  d^^d^,  que  Dieu  absolTe,  de 
rordoxmance  do  sieur  de  Boulogne  (Primadicis),  abb^  de  Saint 
Marttn. 

ScoLrrsuas.  A  Germaia  Pilon  sfiplpteiir  du  roy,  la  somffie  dt 
3,172  liv.  4  sols,  en  plusieurs  articles,  de  rordonnanee  de  M.  PH- 
madicis  de  Bolcifpe,  abb^  de  Saint  Martin,  poor  cMtrages  de  sculp- 
ture, tant  de  marbre  qu^  de  bronie,  ft/mc  aenrir  k  la  sepulture  dn 
feu  roy  Henry.  Saroir,  deux  gissants  en  nunrbre  bianc,  quatre 
tableaux  en  basse  taille  (bas-reliefs),  deux  prians  de  bronze  (le  roy 

2  c* 


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A04  APPINDIX. 

Dpoo  a  cenotaph  of  black  marble  are  recombeiii  figvro 
of  niillp  III.,  samamed  U  Hardi,  who  died  in  iSM,  Mwi 
Isabella  of  Arragon,  his  consort,  who  died  at  Coieoxa,  m 
1271,  in  consequence  of  a  fidl  from  a  horse. 

Roond  the  cenotaph  b  inlaid  the  fo||owing  inscripCiQa 
upon  white  marble : — 


D^Tsabdle  Fame  ait  paradis,  dont  le  corps  gist  sous 

£aiiie«  le  joor  de  Saint  Agues  seooiide,  Fan  mfl.  oc  dis  7 


In  the  chapel  of  Charies  Y.  was  a  cenotaph  of ! 
marble  to  the  memory  of  Bertrand  Duguesdin.  j 
U  Ban  Confutable,  who  died  in  1380,  at  the  age  <^  sotj* 
six  years.    Upon  it  was  his  statue  in  a  recumbent  ] 
and  a  brass  plate  with  the  following  epitaph : — 


Gy  gist  noUe  homme  Bfessire  Bertrand  da 
Longoerille  et  connesUble  de  France:  qui  tr^passa  k 
de-Randon,  en  Juraudain,  en  la  Senechauc^  de  Bei 
joor  de  JuiUet,  Fan  M.CGG.nn.tt    Pri^s  Dieu  pgnr  loL 

In  the  same  chapel  was  a  similar  monumeM  m 


et  la  reine  &  genoux  chaam  derant  un  prie-diaa), 

fortune,  atissi  de  bronze,  ainsi  que  les  marqnes  q«  < 

sepulture ;  le  todi  soifant  le  cunrenement  lait  arec  leAt  abb^  At 

SuntBfartin. 

OnTAins  BisoQVAars  a  oaom. 


A  Francob  Leranbert  Faisn^,  condncteor  de  ladhe  i 
Uille  de  plosiears  cc^nnes,  bases*  cbapiteanz, 
pi^es  de  pierre  de  Viarbre,  k  raison  de  20  li?.  i6s«  8d«  par  ■■■• 
A  Louis  Lerambert  le  jeune,  pour  lesdiu  ouTrages,  k  raiaoa  dt  tS 
Ut.  par  mois.  A  Blarin  Lemoine  idem.  A  Jean  FooMfiarl  idhiB. 
A  Francois  SaiUant  idem.  A  Leonard  Gironz  ideto.  A 
Saj^,  maistre  ma^on,  la  somme  de  565  lir.  6t.  2d.,  i  U  a 
par  ledit  abb^  de  Saint  Martin  pour  oQTrages  de  "*^imnnir  pari 
(aits  k  lliostel  de  Nesk,  pour  mettre a  coureri  lei  sdcurs  <ki 
pour  ladite  s^pullare.  A  Merry  Garni,  maistre  poKmem,  li  mm 
de  3001.,  pour  ayotr  poli  phutenrs  colounes,  basKs,  rhspjuii.  < 
niches  et  autres  pieces  de  roarbre  pour  ladile  sepulture. 


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ABBEY  CHtRCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  A05 

of  Louis  de  Sancerre,  cannitabU  dc  France^  who  died  in 
1&02.     The  epitaph  was  as  follows : — 

Cy  gist  Leys  dc  Sancerre,  chevalier,  jadi^  mareschal  de  France, 
fX  depuis  connestable  de  fr^re-germain  da  conte  de  Sancerre,  qui 
trespassa  le  Mardy  yi  jonr  de  Fefrier,  fan  mil.  GCGG  et  deux. 

Cy  dedans  soubz  une  lame 
Loys  de  SanceiTe,  dont  Fame 
Soit  en  repox  du  paradis, 
Car  moult  bon,  proudom  tax  jadis, 
Sage,  Taillant,  cheraleureux. 
Loyal  et  en  armes  eureuz : 
Oncqne  en  sa  vie  niama  vice 
Bfais  il  garda  bonne  justice 
Autant  au  grand  corameau  petit. 
En  ce  prenoit  son  appetit. 
Mareschal  fut  ferroe  et  estable 
De  France,  depuis  fut  connestable 
Fait  apr^  par  ellection 
En  Tan  de  Fincamation 
Mil  quatre  cens  et  deux  fina, 
Et  le  roy  voulut  et  endina 
A  Fonnourer  tant  que  dens 
Avec  ses  parens  anciens 
Fut  mis,  pour  ce  fait  bon  servir 
Cil  qu*ainsi  le  veult  desservir 
A  ses  setTiteurs  en  la  fin 
Quant  bien  luy  ont  esl^  afin. 

In  the  first  chapel  to  the  left,  behind  the  high  altar,  was 
the  superb  mausoleum  of  the  yiscoimt  de  Tiu^nne.*  That 
hero  is  represented  expiring  in  the  arms  of  Immortality, 
who  is  crowning  him  with  laurels.  In  firont  is  a  bas-relief 
in  bronze,  representing  the  last  action  of  Turenne  during 
the  campaign  of  1071,  in  which » with  twenty-fiye  thousand 
men,  he  defeated,  in  different  engagements,  a  force  of 
more  than  sixty  thousand;  apd  in  that  of  Turckheim  cut 
off  the  greater  part  of  the  enemy's  troops,  and  compelled 
the  other  to  repass  the  Rhine.     Two  female  figures  adorn 

*  Now  in  the  church  of  the  Hdtd  des  Invalides. 


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406  AppKNmx. 

the  sMIes  of  the  tooA;  one  r^peMttU  WMom*  who 

astonished  at  the  fatal  blow  whicb  baa  Miiltott  the 

and  the  other  yalour»  who  appears  in  cooatematioB.     Tk 

desigoa  iop  the  lo^niimeat  were  by  Lebnia.     The  pony 

above  was  executed  by  Tuby»  and  the  two  statues  at  tk 

base,  by  Marcy. 

Amaud-Guillem  de  Barbazan,  to  whom  Cbaries  VII. 

gave  the  title  of  Restaurateur  du  royaume  a  de  tm  earn- 

rannc  de  France^  was  buried  at  Saint  Denis  in  143 S»   in 

the  chapel  of  Charles  V.  His  tomb  was  entirely  of  brosse. 

and  bore  the  following  inscription : — 

En  ce  lieu  gist,  sous  cette  lame. 
Feu  noble  homme  4  qui  Dieu  p«rdoiiii€  k  TaaK, 
Aeniud  GunuM,  seignem*  de  BAKBAziir, 
Qui,  conseiller  et  premier  chamhellan, 
Fut  du  roi  Gharies,  sepli^me  de  ee  aom, 
Et  en  arraes  cheralier  de  renom. 
Sans  reproche,  et  qui  aima  droiture 
Tout  son  yivant;  par  quoi  sa  sepulture 
Lui  a  M  permise  d*toe  icy. 
Priez  4  Dieu  qu*il  lui  ftsse  OKrcy. 


The  31st  of  July,  1793,  was  a  day  fetal  to  the  weahk 
and  splendour  of  the  church  of  Saint  Penia.  Al  the  pra- 
posal  of  Barr^re»  the  National  Conventioa  deoreed  that 
the  lombs  and  B»auftolQums  of  the  ci-nkvani  ktn(i»  erectal 
in  the  cbujcdi  of  Saint  Peni^»  as  well  aft  ia  other 
and  places  throu|^o«t  the  whole  extent  of  the 
should  be  destroyed. 

A  commission  waa  forthwith  appointed  to  cairy  tht 
measure  mto  execution  ;  but  happily,  at  the  rcn»est  a( 
soipe  friends  of  the  arts,  another  coAuMioQ  wma  ciealid. 
who  were,  charged  to  proserve  such  mQ^umeala  as  a^ 
appear  worthy  of  it. 

M.  Alexandre  Lenoir,  to  whom  France  b  indebted  for 
haying  saved  from  destrueliv  many  of  her  most 


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AltBET  CHURCH  OF  SAIMT  DE.MS.  407 

and  valuable  moniimento,  has  giren  the  following  extract 
from  the  account  of  the  exhumation  at  Saint  Denis,  which 
cannot  fail  to  prove  an  interesting  document : — 

**  The  National  Conyention  haTiog  decreed  the  exhumation  of  the 
bodies  of  the  kings,  queens,  princes,  princesses,  and  celdbmted  men  ' 
who  had  been  successively  interred  in  the  abbey  church  of  Saint 
Denis,  during  nearly  fifteen  centuries,  the  municipality  of  the  town 
of  Sa^t  Denis  (then  called  Fnmciade)  gare  orders,  on  Saturday, 
October  12, 1793,  for  the  decree  to  be  carried  into  eiecution.  The 
Jfirsl  tomb  opened  was  that  of  Turenne.  On  raising  the  coffin  lid, 
the  body  appeared  in  a  state  of  high  preservation :  the  flesh  was  of  a 
light  brown,  and  the  features  bore  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  por- 
traits and  medallions  of  that  celebrated  hero.  At  the  suggestion  of 
several  indi?iduals  present,  the  body  was  placed  in  an  oaken  chest, 
and  exhibited  in  the  small  sacristy  of  the  church  for  the  space  of 
more  than  eight  months ;  after  which  it  was  removed  to  the  Jardin 
des  Piantes,  at  the  soliciution  of  the  learned  professor  Desfonuines.* 

**  The  vault  of  the  Bourbons,  on  the  side  of  the  subterranean  cha- 
peb,  was  next  opened.  The  first  coffin  taken  out  was  that  of  Henry 
ly.,  who  died  in  1610,  at  the  age  of  57  years.  The  body  was  in 
such  preservation,  that  the  features  were  not  altered ;  the  shroud 
wu  also  entire.  The  cranium  had  been  sawn  in  two,  the  cerebrum 
removed,  and  the  vacuum  filled  with  tow  steeped  in  an  aromatic 
hquid,  which  still  retained  a  powerful  and  ogreeable  smell.  A  sol- 
dier, who  was  present  m>  the  opening  of  the  coffin,  threw  himself 
upon  the  corpse,  and,  after  a  long  silence,  drew  hit  sword,  and  cut 
off  a  lock  of  the  beard,  which  was  still  fresh,  ezclaiming  at  the  same 
moment,  in  the  most  energetic  manner — « I  am  also  a  French  sol- 
dier! Henceforth  I  will  haye  no  olhor  mousUcLios.*  And  placing 
it  upon  his  upper  lip,  '  New  I  am  sure,'  said  he,  •  to  conquer  the 
enemies  of  France,  and  I  m«rch  to  victory.*  The  publio  were  ad- 
mitted to  see  the  body  until  Ootober  14,  when  it  was  earned  to  the 
cemetery  de  Valois,  and  there  thrown  into  a  large  trench,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  church. 

*  On  the  15th  of  April,  1799,  the  Executiire  Directory  decreed 
that  the  remains  of  Turenne  should  be  transpoited  to  the  Museum  of 
French  Monuments.  On  the  23d  of  November  of  the  same  year, 
in  pursuance  of  a  decree  of  the  consols,  they  were  translated  with 
great  pomp  to  the  church  of  the  Invalides  (then  called  Temple  de 
Mars),  and  placed  in  the  tomb  which  had  been  removed  (t-om  Saint 
Denis. 


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408  APPINOIX. 

*>QiiU)esMiedaj(Oct.  l4),ieTenJoChercoliBtof  lliel 
were  disinterred;  namelj,  that  of  Louis  Xm.,  wbo  died  in  1643, 
aged  42  years;  Louis XTV.,  who  died  io  1745,  aged 77  jeais;  Mark 
de  M^dicis,  second  wife  of  Henry  IV.,  who  died  in  1642,  fed  fiS 
y«ars;  Anne  of  Austria,  oonsoit  of  Loms  Xlft.,  who  died  m  1666, 
aged  64  yean;  Bfarie  Th^rte,  infanta  of  Spain,  consort  oT  Leas 
lUV.,  who  died  in  1688,  aged  45  years;  and  Loois,  the  ilaM|ihi. 
son  of  Louis  XIV.,  if  ho  died  in  17H,  aged  50  years. 

*' Some  of  these  bodies  were  in  good  preserration,  particiilarij  ifcal 
of  Louis  Xni.  The  skin  of  Loub  XTV.  was  of  the  deepest  hk^ 
Some  other  bodies,  especially  that  of  the  dauphin,  were  io  a  rtairef 
liquid  putrefaction. 

«^  On  October  15,  the  coflins  taken  up  were  those  of  Marie,  prin- 
cess of  Poland,  consort  of  Louis  XY.,  who  died  in  1768,  aged  65 
years ;  Marie  Anne  Chiistine  Victoire  of  Bavaria,  consort  of  Loni 
the  dauphm,  son  of  Louis  XTV.,  who  died  .in  1690,  aged  30  jtan; 
Louis,  duke  de  Bourgogne,  son  of  Louis  the  dauphin,  iriio  d&ed  ia 
1712,  aged  30  years ;  Marie  Adelaide  of  Saroy,  wife  of  Loais«  ddU 
de  Bourgogne,  who  died  in  1712,  aged  26  yean;  Loan,  dake  de 
Bretagne,  eUlest  son  of  Louis,  duke  de  Bourgogne,  aged  9  moatks  mi 
49  days ;  Louis,  duke  de  Bretagne,  second  son  of  Loots,  dake  d» 
Bourgogne,  who  died  in  1712,  aged  6years;  Marie  Th^rte,  irfti 
of  Spain,  fint  wife  of  Louis  the  dauphin,  son  of  Looia  XY.,  who 
died  in  1746,  aged  20  years;  Xavier  of  France,  duke  d*A^«iCaiDr, 
son  of  Louis  the  dauphin,  who  died  Febroary  22,  1754,  aged  5 
months  and  a  half;  Marie  Zephirine  of  Brance,  daaghler  of  Lawis 
the  dauphin,  who  died  September  2,  1755,  i^^  5  jmn;  Vane 
Tb^r^  of  France,  daughter  of  Louis  the  dauf^,  and  Marte  TUrte 
of  Spain,  his  first  wile,  who  died  April  27,  1748,  aged  21  maaA§: 
of  Cdied  before  named)  duke  4*Anjou,  son  of  Loub  XY .,  wW  diel 
April  7, 1733,  aged  2  yedrs  7  months  and  3  days. 

**  From  this  rault  were  also  remored  the  hearu  of  Louis  the  daa- 
phin,  son  of  Louis  XV.,  who  died  at  Fontainebleaw,  December  A 
1765,  and  Marie  Josepbe  of  Saroy,  hb  consort,  who  died  March  11. 

i76:r. 

**  On  the  right  and  left  of  the  rault  were  disinterred  the  coftas  d 
hxsae  Henriette  of  France,  daughter  of  Louis  XY.,  wlso  died  Fe* 
bniary  10,  1752,  aged  24  years  and  6  months ;  Lonite  Mant  d 
France,  daughter  of  Loub  XY.,  who  died  February  19, 1733,  i^ 
4  years  and  a  half j  Louise  Elisabeth  of  France,  daughter  of  I^** 
XY.,  who  died  December  6,  1759,  aged  32  years  3  m^*^— i^  mi  2& 
days;  Loub  Joseph  Xarier  of  France,  duke  de  Bourgogne.  sia  «f 
Loub  the  dauphin,  brother  of  Loub  XYI.,  who  died  Mauch  tt. 


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ABBEY  CUUaCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  409 

1761,  agod  9  yearf  and  a  half;  of  (Med  before  named)  duke  of 
OrleanSy  second  son  of  Henry  lY.,  wlio  died  in  1611,  aged  4  years; 
Biarie  de  Bourbon  de  Montpenster,  first  wife  of  Gaston,  who  died 
in  1627,  aged  22  years ;  Gaston  Jean  Bapdste,  duke  of  Orleans, 
sou  of  Henry  lY.,  who  died  in  1660,  ageid  52  /ears;  Anne  Marie 
Louise  of  Orleans,  duchess  de  Montpensier,  daughter  of  Gaston  and 
Marie  de  Bourbon,  who  died  in  1693,  aged  66  years;  Marguerite  de 
Loiraine,  second  wife  of  Gaston,  who  died  April  3,  1672,  aged  59 
years ;  Jean  Gaston  of  Orleans,  son  of  Graston  Jean  Baptiste  and 
Marguerite  de  Lorraine,  who  died  August  10,  1652,  aged  2  years ; 
and  Marie  Anne  of  Orleans,  daughter  of  Gaston  and  lAarguerite  de 
Lorraine,  who  died  August  17,  1656,  aged  4  years. 

*^  None  of  these  coffins  presented  any  remarkable  appearance. 
Most  of  the  bodies  were  in  a  state  of  putrefaction:  a  black,  thick, 
and  infectious  yapour  which  proceeded  from  them  was  dispelled  by 
means  of  rinegar  and  the  explosion  of  gunpowder ;  notwithstand- 
ing which,  the  workmen  were  seized  witib  diarrhoea  and  fevers,  but 
none  of  them  died. 

*'  The  hearts  above  mentioned  were  enclosed  in  leaden  boxes,  in 
the  shape  of  a  heart,  covered  with  silmsr  or  silver  gilt.  Their  con- 
tents, together  with  all  the  remains,  were  conveyed  to  the  cemetery, 
and  thrown  into  the  trench.  The  silver  boxes  and  the  coronets 
were  deposited  at  the  municipality,  and  the  lead  delivered  up  to  the 
government  commissioner,  c^ed  commissaire  aux  accaparemens. 

^>  On  October  16,  the  coffins  taken  up  were  those  of  Henrielte 
Marie  of  France,  daughter  of  Henry  IV.,  consort  of  Charles  I.,  king 
of  Ei^land,  who  died  in  1669,  aged  60  years ;  Henriette  Stuart, 
daughter  of  Charles  I.,  king  of  England,  first  wife  of  MoMSnua, 
brother  of  Louis  XIT.,  who  died  in  1670,  aged  26  years;  Phi- 
lippe  of  Orleans,  colled  MoHSiEua,  only  brother  of  Louis  XIY., 
who  died  in  1701,  aged  61  years;   Elisabeth  Charlotte  of  Bava- 
ria, second  wife  of  MoNSiiua,  who  died  in  1722,  aged  70  years; 
Charles  of  France,  duke  of  %erry,  grandson  of  Louis  XIY.,  who 
died  in  1714,  aged  28  years;  Marie  Louise  Elisabeth  of  Oiieans, 
daughter  of  the  regent,  wife  of  Charles  duke  of  Berry,  who  died 
in  1719,  aged  24  years;  Philippe  of  Orleans,  grandson  of  France, 
regent-  of  Uie  kingdom  during  the  minority  of  Louis  XY.,  who 
died    September  2,   1723,    aged  49  years  ;    Anne   Ehsabeth    of 
France,  eldest  daughter  of  Louis  XIY.,  who  died  December  30, 
1662,   aged  42  days;  Marie  Anne  of  France,  second  daughter  of 
Louis  XIY.,  who  died  December  26,  1664,  aged  4  years ;  Philippe 
duke  d^Anjou,  son  of  Louis  XIY.,  who  died  July  10,  1671,  aged  3 
years ;  Louis  Fran9Qis  of  France,  duke  d^Anjou,  brother  of  the  pre^ 


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410  APPENDIX. 

ceding,  who  diad  Ngirembcr  4,  1672,  ag«d  4  moatht  and  17  dijt 
llarie  Tk^-ese  of  Frattce,  third  dauf^tor  of  Lmm  XTV.,  ivfco  ^oi 
Bfarch  1,  1672,  agod  5  yeara;  Philip  Charias  of  (Mens,  tarn  aC 
BioRSiiua,  who  died  December  8, 1666,  aged  %  yeara  aad  6  ■»■<&•: 
of  fdied  before  named)  of  Orleans,  danghlar  of  M onnaa«  wfe 
died  soon  after  her  bi^ ;  Sophie  of  PraBce,  aoat  of  Looia  XTL. 
and  sixth  daughter  of  Louis  XV.,  who  died  Hay  3,  4782,  i^  47 
years  and  7  months ;  of  fWliacf  before  mametf)  of  Praace^  calarf 
dJngguieme,  daughter  of  the  count  d*Artoia,  who  died  Jose  2K 
1783^  aged  5  months  and  16  days;  of  fdied  hefht^  mmmtdj  if  am- 
Moisiixi,  daughter  of  the  count  dArtoia,  who  died  IWwIwi  5, 
1783,  aged  7  years  and  4  months ;  Sophie  \UUm  af 
daughter  of  Louis  XYl.,  who  died  JuM  19, 1787,  aged  II  i 
and  10  days ;  and  Louis  Joseph  XaTier,  the  dauphin, 
XVI.,  who  died  at  Bleudon,  Jum  4,  1789,  aged  7  ya 
and  13  days. 

''  The  only  cofl^  i-emaiiuag  in  the  TauH  of  the  1 
of  Louis  XV.  who  died  May  10,  1774,  aged  64  years, 
sited  at  the  entrance  of  the  yault,  on  the  right,  in  a  T 
contrif  ed  in  the  tbicknesa  of  the  waU.  As  a  pr 
it  was  transported  to  the  edge  of  the  trench  befoca  it 
The  body,  however,  was  found  quite  fresh ;  the  ski»  waa  whin,  iha 
nose  purple,  and  the  hips  red  like  those  of  a  new4x)m  ^ald.  In  the 
coffin  was  an  abundance  of  water,  formed  by  the  ninlliiy  of  the  aah 
with  which  the  body  had  been  coYered,  it  not  hatting  bean  eaihnlnMd 
according  to  the  usual  custom. 

**•  The  leaden  boxes  containing  the  entrails  of  iha  pracca  aad 
princesses  stood  beneath  the  iroa  tressels  which  supported  the  cal> 
fins.  These  were  also  cooTeyed  to  the  cemetefy,  where, 
with  the  bodies,  they  were  Uirown  into  the  trench, 
with  a  thick  layer  of  quick  lime.  The  trench  was  then  \ 
earth.  The  lead  was  carried  to  a  mritis^-bouaaft 
erected  in  the  cemetery. 

^'  The  next  ¥ault  opened  was  situated  in  the  Cke^eiie  eks  < 
It  eoiitained  the  bodies  of  Charies  V.,  who  died  in  1390,  i^  M 
years;  and  Jeanne  de  Bourbon,  hia  queen,  who  died  in  I37B«  sfid 
40  years.  In  the  coffin  of  the  former  were  found  a  crows  of  A« 
gilt,  a  hand  of  justice  in  silver,  and  a  sceptre,  about  £▼«  feet  leaf,  "f 
^▼er  gilt,  surmounted  by  foliage,  baring  in  the  midst  ftckrtw  af 
corymbus,  which  gare  it  nearly  the  form  af  a  thynoa.  TlHwarts- 
cles  were  in  good  preaertation,  and  retained  their  loBtra. 

'*  The  coffin  of  Jeanne  deBaorbon  contained  part  of  a  usn^agaU 
jring,  fragmento  of  bracelets  or  small  chains,  a  ipiodle  «*  ia^tMd 


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J 


ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  U\\ 

gilt  wood,  bftlf  docajed,  and  a  pair  of  tharp-toed  shoes,  staukr  to 
those  known  by  tbe  name  of  souUers  d  la  poulaine.  The  latter 
were  partly  consumed,  but  the  embroidery  of  gold  and  silrer,  with 
which  they  were  ornamented,  might  still  be  seen. 

**  Charles  of  France,  an  infant  3  months  old,  who  died  in  1386, 
was  buried  at  Ihe  feet  of  Charles  V.,  his  grandiather.  His  small 
bones,  completely  dry,  were  in  a  leaden  coffin.  His  brass  tomb, 
which  stood  under  the  steps  of  the  altar,  was  carried  away  and 
melted  down. 

*'  Isabella  of  France,  daughter  of  Charles  V.,  who  died  a  few  days 
aAer  her  mother,  Jeanne  de  Bourbon,  9t  the  age  of  5  years,  and 
Jeanne  of  France,  her  sister,  who  died  in  1366,  ag^d  6  months  and  14 
days,  were  interred  in  the  same  chapeL  Their  bones  were  without 
leadeu  coffins,  and  some  pieces  of  decayed  board  were  found  near 
them. 

^«  On  October  17,  the  work  of  disinterment  commenced  with  tbe 
tombs  of  Charles  YI.,  who  died  in  1422,  aged  54  years,  and  Isabdla 
of  Bavaria,  his  consort,  who  died  in  1435*  Nothing  was  ftund  in 
their  coffins  except  irj  bones,  as  they  had  been  plundered  in  the 
preceding  August. 

'^  The  remains  of  Charles  V.  and  Jeanne  de  Bourbon,  of  Charles 
Yl«  and  Isabella  of  Bararia,  and  of  Charles  YII.  and  Marie  d*An- 
)ou,  his  quwi,  were  thrown  into  the  trench,  which  had  been  re* 
opened  to  receire  them.  It  was  then  filled  up,  and  another  trench 
opened  on  its  left,  into  which  were  thrown  all  the  other  remains 
found  in  the  church. 

''  The  tomb  of  Charles  YII.,  wha  died  in  1461,  aged  59  years, 
and  that  of  Marie  d'An>ou,  his  (}ueen»  who  died  in  1463,  had  also 
been  pillaged.  In  their  coffins  nothing  was  found  but  part  of  a 
crown  and  sceptre  of  silver  gilu 

*^  On  Uie  same  6»j  two  coffins  were  disinterred  in  the  chapel  of 
Saint  Uippolyte,  namely  ihat  of  Blaache  de  Navarre,  second  wife 
of  Philippe  de  Yalois»  who  died  in  1398,  and  Jeanne  of  France,  their 
dau^hiec,  who  difd  in  137  Ij  aged  20  yaars.  The  head  of  the  lat« 
ter  was  nussing. 

^*  Tfm  next  vault  opened  wm  that  ef  Henry  II.  Il  was  very  small. 
In  the  centre  were  two  hearts ;  but  as  no  inscription  was  fbund,  it 
it  jQiot  known  to  whom  they  beloiagad.  Four  coffins  were  abo  found, 
%i%.  that  of  Maii^erite  of  Frasce,  dapghter  of  Henry  II.,  first  vrife 
of  Henry  IV.,  who  died  Mey  27»  i615^  aged  62  y^;  Francis, 
duke  d^Alencon,  fourth  son  of  Hoary  H.,  who  died  in  15S4,  i^ed 
30  y^ars;  Francis  II>,  who  reigned  one  year  and  a  half,  and  died 


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412  ilPPlMDIX. 

December  5,  1560,  aged  17  yeaw;  afld  Marie  EHsabetli  oT Fr 
daughter  of  Charles  IX.,  who  died  Ap^^,  1578.  aged  «ix  jem%, 

**  In  the  night  was  opened  the  yaidt  of  Charles  YIIL,  wlm  Sai 
in  1498,  aged  28  years.  His  leaden  coflb],  which  rested  upon  iraa 
tressels,  contained  nothing  bol^^ry  bones. 

'*  On  October  18,  four  coffins  were  taken  op,  namdy,  tboae  «f 
Henry  11.,  ^bo  died  July  10,  1559,  in  his  41st  year ;  Cathcrme  ^ 
Medicis,  consort  of  Henry  II.,  who  died  January  5,  1589,  afed  79 
years;  Charles  IX.,  who  died  May  30,  1574,  aged  24jwmn;  ami 
Henry  HI.,  who  died  August  2,  1589,  aged  38  ye».  Fnwo  cW 
▼ault  were  also  taken  the  coflins  of  Louis  of  Orkans,  secsod  mm  o£ 
Henry  II.,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  Jeanne  of  France  aai  Tidoire 
of  France,  daughters  of  that  monarch,  who  died  yoong. 

**  Beneath  the  iron  tressels  which  supported  the  <    ^ 
IX.  and  Hemy  DI.,  were  discovered  a  quantity  of  1 
is  supposed  were  deposited  in  that  place  in  1619,  wl 
were  made  to  construct  the  new  Tault  of  the  Valois; 
dently  to  that  period,  they  had  a  distinct  sepolchral  chapel, 
by  Pbilibert  De  Lorme,  in  the  middle  of  which  stood  the  — 
Henry  n. 

'*  On  tbe  same  day  was  opened  the  rault  of  Louis  XII.,  wka  i 
in  1515,  aged  53  years;  and  that  of  Anne  de  Bretagne,  bis  < 
and  the  widow  of  Charies  Vm.,  who  died  in  1514,  afU  37  ; 
In  their  leaden  coflins  were  found  two  crowns  of  brass  gik. 

''  Under  the  north  transept  of  the  choir  was  foaad  tbe  oqAb  of 
Jeanne  of  France,  queen  of  Nayarre,  daughter  of  Laws  X,  who  died 
in  1349,  aged  38  years.  She  was  buried  in  tbe  earth,  Kt  ibe  fed  of 
her  father.  The  coBn  was  of  stone,  lined  with  abeet  lead,  aodoa- 
▼ered  wiA  a  slab,  the  use  of  leaden  coflbis  not  hariBg  been  ibIi^* 
duced  at  that  period.  It  contained  nothing  but  a  crown  of  bns  g^ 
'  ^'  Louis  X.,  sumamed  le  Hutin^  was  likewise  witbooK  a  "nt^m 
leaden  coffin.  A  stone,  hollowed  in  the  Ibrm  of  a  troqgh,  aad  !■■* 
with  sheet  lead,  contained  his  bones,  with  part  of  a  ae^Cra  •* 
crown  of  brass,  corroded  wilh  rust.  He  died  in  1316,  a^ed  Maiiy 
27  years.  The  young  king  John,  his  posthnmoos  son,  who  l«a4 
only  8  days,  lay  by  the  side  of  1^  father,  in  a  aaall  sftoae  ctfa, 
lined  with  lead. 

**  Near  to  Louis  X.,  was  buried  in  a  plain  stone  coftn  B^«»* 
sumamed  le  Grande  count  of  Paris,  who  died  in  956.    Hew 
father  of  Huguea  Capet,  the  bead  of  Uie  Capetian  race, 
was  found  but  bones,  neariy  reduced  to  dust. 
'« In  the  middle  of  the  dioir  waji  discovered  the  graTC  of 


I 

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ABBEY  CHURCH  OP  SAINT  DENIS.  41  3 

ie  Chauve,  who  died  in  877,  aged  54  years.  A  itone  trougb,  de- 
posited deep  in  the  earth,  contained  a  small  leaden  box,  in  wbich 
his  ashes  were  found. 

*^  On  October  19,  Philippe  count  de  Boulogne,  son  of  Philip 
Augustus,  who  died  in  1233*  was  disinterred.  The  stone  coflhi 
presented  nothing  remarhable«  except  that  it  was  hollowed  to  the 
shape'of  the  head. 

*'  The  coffin  of  Alphonse,  count  de  Poitiers,  brother  of  Saint 
Louis,  who  died  in  1271,  contained  only  dust,  and  some  hair  which 
was  in  good  preservation.  The  lid  was  spotted  and  reined  like  mar- 
ble. It  is  supposed  that  the  putrid  exhalations  of  the  body  during 
the  process  of  decomposition  had  given  it  this  appearance. 

«« The  body  of  Philip  Augustus,  who  died  in  1223,  was  entu-ely 
consumed.  The  lid  of  the  coffin  was  cut  shelving,  and  was  rounded 
at  the  head. 

*'  The  body  of  Louis  Vm.,  father  of  Saint  Louis,  who  died  No- 
vember 8,  1226,  aged  40  years,  was  nearly  consumed.  Upon  the 
lid  of  the  stone  coffin  vras  sculptured  a  cross.  Part  of  a  sceptre  of 
decayed  wood  was  found  in  the  coffin;  and  his  diadem,  which  wras 
merely  a  hand  of  doth  of  gold,  vnth  a  brge  coif  of  satin,  was  in  good 
preservation.  The  body  had  been  wn^ped  in  a  winding-sheet  of 
cloth  of  gold,  some  fragments  of  which  were  still  <piite  fresh ;  and  it 
had  afterwards  been  sown  up  in  very  thick  leather,  which  retained 
its  elasticity.  This  was  the  only  body  among  those  disinterred  at 
Saint  Denis,  that  was  found  ^xapped  in  leather.^  It  is  probable 
that  the  body  of  Louis  Ym.  was  thus  shrouded  to  preserve  it  from 
putrefaction  in  its  transport  from  Montpensier  in  Auvergne,  where 
he  died  upon  his  return  from  the  v^ar  against  the  Albigenses. 

'*  Under  a  tomb  of  brass,  in  the  middle  of  the  choir,  a  fruitless 
search  was  made  to  discover  the  body  of  Marguerite  de  Provence, 
consort  of  Saint  Louis,  who  died  in  1295.  Tet,  on  the  left  of  the 
spot  where  stood  the  tomb  of  brass  which  formerly  covered  that 
princess,  a  .stone  trough  was  discovered,  filled  with  earth  and  rub- 
bish, among  which  were  found  a  knee-pan  and  two  small  bones  that 
probably  bdonged  to  her. 

«'  The  vault  of  Marie  of  France,  daughter  of  Charles  IV^  sur- 

^  The  custom  of  enveloping  the  dead  in  leather  is  very  ancient. 
In  Colchis,  the  women  alone  were  interred ;  the  men  were  wrapped 
in  the  hides  of  oxen,  and  suspended  to  trees  by  lai*ge  chains.  (See 
the  poem  of  the  Argonauts,  by  Apollonius.)  The  use  of  sheet  lead 
^aa  unknovm  at  that  period. 


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414  APPENDIX. 

named  le  Bel,  tiiio  died  in  4341,  and  BUndie,  bar 

of  Orleans,  wbo  died  in  1392,  situated  in  the  cfaapd  of  Notre  . 

la  Blanche,  was  filled  with  robbish,  without  boAea 

coffins* 

««  In  GOBtuoMnig  the  excarations  in  the  choir,  the 
the  lemains  of  Saint  Loub,  who  died  in  t270,  had  been 
was  found  by  the  side  of  that  of  Louis  Ym.     It  was 
narrower  than  the  rest.    The  bones  had  been  renio?ed  &oaa  h  at 
the  time  of  that  moaarcfa's  canonization,  which  UmA  place  in  i297. 

**  Under  the  paTcment  of  the  upper  part  of  the  choir  was  fn— d  tfe 
coffin  of  Philippe  Ic  Bel,  who  died  in  1314,  aged  46  yean.  It  wns  ol 
stone,  formed  Hke  a  trough,  lined  with  lead,  and  was  wider  m  the 
head  than  at  the  other  extremity.  The  lid  was  a  widb  aoU  ibk, 
and  the  whole  coffin  was  endosed  in  a  large  sheet  of  lead,  aoldBvi 
upon  iron  bars.  The  skeleton  was  entire.  In  the  coffin  wvre  iamd 
a  gold  ring,  part  of  a  diadem  of  cloth  of  gold,  and  a  sceptre  e£hnm 
gilt,  five  feet  long,  and  tenninated  by  a  tuft  of  folia^,  opoa  wlach 
was  a  bird,  of  iu  natural  hues,  and  which,  from  ks  shape  aad  c»- 
lours,  appeared  to  be  a  goldfinch. 

«« In  the  evening,  by  torch-light,  after  breaking  the  statnc  ap«n  ito 
Md,  the  woAmcn  opened  the  tomb  of  king  Dagobert,  vho  dMd  m 
638.  It  was  hollowed  to  receiire  the  head,  which  was  diridei.  inm 
the  body.  A  wooden  chest,  about  two  feet  long,  lined  wkk  lead. 
was  discovered,  which  contained  the  bones  of  Dagobcrt  aad  thoaa  of 
Nantilde,  his  queen,*  who  died  in  642.  They  were  annlijywd  aa 
silk,  and  the  bodies  were  separated  from  each  other  by  a  patHiw 
which  dmded  the  chest.  Upon  one  side  was  a  leaden  plate,  wiA 
this  inscription— 

*'  Hie  Jacet  corpus  Dagoberti. 

**  Upon  the  other  side  was-* 

«'  Hie  )nc«t  corpus  NflMhikKi. 

««  The  head  of  Nantilde  was  missing.  It  profanhly  wiw  hA  m 
the  place  of  their  first  sepulture,  when  queen  Manrlni,  WM^km  ^ 
Saint  Louis,  had  them  removed  to  the  tomb  erected  by  bar  «rdv» 
near  t^  high  altar. 

«*  On  Sunday,  October  20,  the  workmen  resumed 
near  the  bnri^plaoe  of  Lonis  IX.,  but  fbund  nothing 
stone  trongh,  filbd  with  rubbish,  and  without  a  lid.     h  «ns 
posed  to  have  contained  the  body  of  John  Tristan,  coont  de  5< 
son  of  Lonis  IX.,  who  died  near  Carthage,  in  Afirica,  in  IS?0.  a  iiw 
days  before  his  father,  and  who  was  interred  at  this  spot. 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  415 

**  Id  the  Chapelle  des  Charles  was  found  the  lead  coffin  of  Ber- 
IranJ  Duguesdin,  who  died  in  1380.  The  skeleton  was  entire,  the 
head  well  prcserrcd,  and  the  bones  dry  and  very  while.  Ifcar  it  was 
the  coffin  of  Bureau  de  la  Rifi^«  who  died  in  1400. 

*'  After  a  long  search,  the  entrance  of  the  Yault  of  Francis  I.,  who 
died  in  1547,  aged  52  years,  was  dtscovered.  This  Tault,  which 
was  spacioitf  and  weU  srched,  contained  six  bodies,  in  leaden  cof- 
fins, which  rested  upon  iron  bars:  they  were  those  «f  Francis  I. ; 
Louise  of  SaToy,  his  mother,  who  died  in  1531 ;  Claude  of  France, 
his  consort,  who  died  in  1524,  aged  25  years ;  Francois,  the  dauphin, 
who  died  in  1536,  aged  19  years ;  Charles,  his  brother,  duke  of  Or- 
leans, who  died  in  1545,  aged  23  years;  and  Charlotte,  their  sister, 
who  died  in  1524,  aged  8  years. 

''  All  these  bodies  were  in  a  state  of  ccnnpletc  putrefaction,  and 
sent  forth  an  insupportable  saelL  A  black  liquid  ran  through  the 
coffins  in  transporting  them  |p  the  cemetery.  The  body  of  Francit 
I.  was  of  an  extraordinary  length,  and  very  strongly  built :  one  of 
his  thigh  bones,  measured  upon  the  spot,  was  twenty  tnchei  long. 

**  The  excaftttion  was  then  directed  towards  the  south  transept  of 
the  choir,  where  a  stone  coffin  was  discorered,  the  inscription  of 
which  announced  that  it  bdonged  to  Pierre  de  Beaucaire,  chamber- 
bin  of  Louis  K.,  who  died  in  1270. 

'^  Near  the  rails  of  the  choir,  on  the  south  side,  was  found  the 
tomb  of  Mathieu  de  Yenddroe,  abbot  of  Saint  Denis,  and  regent  of 
the  kingdom  under  Louis  IX.  and  his  son  Philippe  le  Hardi.  He  was 
interred  without  either  lead  or  stone,  in  a  wooden  coffin,  some  solid 
fragments  of  which  still  remained.  The  body  was  entirely  con- 
sumed, and  nothing  was  found  bat  the  top  of  his  cross  of  brass  gilt, 
and  some  shreds  of  a  very  rich  stuff.  He  was  Iraried,  according  to 
ancient  custom,  in  his  abbatical  costume.  Mathieu  de  Yenddme 
died  September  25,  1286,  at  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Philippe 
leBel. 

**  On  October  21,  the  workmen  raised  the  marble  slab  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  transept  of  the  choir,  which  corercd  a  small  yault,  in  which 
the  remains  of  six  princes  and  one  princess  of  the  family  of  Saint 
Louis,  translated  from  the  abbey  of  Royaumont  to  that  of  Saint 
Denis,  had  been  deposited  in  August  1791.  These  remains  were 
traniforted  to  the  cemetery,  and  cast  hito  the  trench,  where  Philip 
Augustus,  Louis  YIH.,  and  Francis  I.,  with  all  his  femily,  had  al- 
ready been  thrown. 

*^  In  the  sanctuary  on  the  left  of  the  high  altar  the  works  were 
carfied  on  to  disinter  the  coffins  of  Philippe  le  Long,  who  died  in 


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ABBEY  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DENIS.  417 

rdle  with  a  silyer  backle,  were  also  found.  At  the  foot  of  this 
»ffin  was  a  small  vault  which  contained  the  heart  of  Jeanne  de 
nirgogne,  wife  of  PhiUppe  de  Yalois,  enclosed  in  a  wooden  box, 
most  decayed^  with  an  iucnption  iqpm  a  brast  plate. 
^*  In  the  cofl^  of  king  John,  who  died  in  England,  in  1364,  in 
e  Bfiy-Axth  year  of  his  age,  were  found  a  crown,  a  sceptre,  ori- 
oally  very  longs  but  broken,  a  hand  of  justice  of  silver  gilt,  and 
e  skeleton  entire."  \ 

A  few  days  aAer,  the  commissioners  and  workmen  repaired  to  the 
urchof  the  Carmelites  to  take  up  the  coffin  of  madame  Louise  of 
-aace,  daughter  of  Louis  XV.,  who  died,  December  23,  1787. 
ley  carried  it  to  the  cemetery  and  threw  into  the  trench  the  body, 
uch  was  entire,  but  in  a  sUtc  of  complete  putrefaction.'  Her  habit 
a  Carmelite  nun  was  in  good  presenration. 

^*  In  tbeniglit  of  November  11,  1793,  by  order  of  the  Depait* 
nt,  the  church  was  stripped  of  its  treasure  in  tb«  presence  of  the 
nmissaries  of  the  district  and  the  municipality  of  Saint  Denis.  All 
i  rich  ornaments  of  the  church,  candlesticks,  chalices,  pyxes^ 
rcrs,  chasubles,  and  even  the  shrines  and  relics  were  placed  in 
^  wooden  cbcsis.  At  10  o^doick  on  the  following  morning  this 
nable  property  was  transported  to  the  National  Convention,  in 
ggons  sent  for  that  purpose. 

*  On  the  18th  of  January,  1794,  the  tomb  of  Francis  I.  having 
n  demolbhed,  it  was  easy  to  open  that  of  Margueiite,  countesa 
Flanders,  who  died  in  1380,  at  the  age  of  aixty-six  years,  which 
>d  in  a  strongly  built  vault.  Upon  opening  the  leaden  coffin^ 
ich  rested  upon  iron  bars,  it  was  found  to  contain  some  bones  in 
>d  presei*vation,  and  some  fragments  of  chesnat  wood.  As  lead 
ins  were  not  in  use  at  the  period  of  her  interment,  we  are  war- 
ted  in  believing  that  her  remains  were  originally  deposited  in  wood 
le,  and  that  when  her  tomb  was  displaced  to  make  room  for  that 
Francis  I.,  the  wooden  coffin,  which  contained  the  body,  was 
cedin  one  of  lead.** 

The  remains  of  the  kings,  princes,  and  princesses  of 
i  three  dynasties  haying  been»  by  order  .of  the  Conren- 
Q,  thrown  into  two  spaciotit  trenches,  in  which  quick 
le  had  l>een  spread  to  hasten  their  decomposition,  were 
rered  with  earth ;  aiid  the  grass  now  grows  over  the 
nmon  tomb  of  monarchs  who  had  governed  France  for 
sire  centuries. 
VOL.  in.  2  D 


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418  APPENDIX. 

Several  members  of  the  ConTenUon 
the  church  of  Saint  Denis  should  be  ra«ed  to  Ibe 
and  tMs  senseless  proposj^n  had  wdl  oi^ 
In  179&,  the  lead  was  stripped  off  the  roof  to 
lets ;  and  in  1795,  the  magnificent  windows 
down.  This  noble  structure  then  remained  esfotel  Bi 
the  injuries  of  the  air  and  weather  till  1706,  vfcnii* 
resolved  to  /oof  it  with  tiles.  When  tlie  propi  • 
partly  executed,  the  revolution  of  the  IScii 
an  yil.  (1707)  occurred ;  and  it  was  again 
demolish  the  church,  and  form  a  markel-placB  if^i 
site.  M.  Petit-RadeU  theg  inspecting  arcbiiect  if  ^ 
public  edifices  of  Paris,  succeeded  in  preserviif  k  tm 
total  destruction;  but  during  the  whole  period  «f  tkr <- 
rectorial  government  it  remained  completelj 
Under  the  consulate,  when  order  had  at 
to  atfarchy,  the  friends  of  the  arts  united  to 
tions  for  the  repair  of  the  church  of  Saint  Deotf*  and  ttr 
government  readily  complied  with  their  denrai.  €jm 
Bonaparte's  becoo^ng  emperor,  the  wocks  were  paste 
with  still  greater  activity.  In  18M,  the  onnler  af  m 
interior,  attended  by  several  architects,  visited  the 
and  determined  upon  the  alterations  and 
that  should  be  made. 

Two  years  after.  Napoleon  issued  a  decree,  teiA  ^ 

bruary  20,  which  set  forth  as  follows : — 

**  The  church  of  S«tnt  Denis  it  cooMcratod  to  the 
the  emperors.    A  chapter,  consisCnig  of  ten 
do  duty  m  the  charth.    These  canoos  shall  be 
bishops  upwards  of  sia^  yean  old,  who  are  wmHi  i> 
episcopal  functions.    la  this  retreat  they  diaM  enfiy  ^ 
prerogatives  and  revenues  aUached  to  episcopocj.  ^  ■ 
grand  almoner  shall  be  at  the  head  of  the  chapur.  '•"■' 
shall  be  erected  in  this  church ;  nuadj^  three  oa  tht  ifs^ 
oecupied  by  the  kings  of  the  first,  tecood  and  chad  ttfn; 
fourth  one,  that  destined  to  be  the  place  of  sepahvr  ir  ska  ^ 


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ARBEIT  CHURCH  OF  SAINT  DKNI9.  419 

ors.  BlArMe  UbleCs,  placed  in  each  of  the  chapeb  df  the  three 
eSy  ihiH  contain  the  names  of  the  kings  whose  mausoleums  for- 
riy  existed  in  the  church  of  Saint  Denis."* 

Another  decree,  issued  shortly  after,  founded  an  expia- 
*7  mass  in  honour  of  Lotus  XVI. ;  but  ii  does  not  appear 
It  this  decree  was  executed. 

(n  pursuance  of  the  decree  of  February  20,  1806,  M. 
^rand^  architect  of  the  public  edifices  of  Paris,  was 
arged  to  superintend  the  works  of  the  church  of  Saint 
uis;  and  upoi^  his  death,  on  the  10th  of  November, 
08,  M.  C6l6rier  was  appointed  his  successor.  In  1813, 
3  latter  was  nominated  to  another  office »  and  the  works 
Saint  Denis  were  then  placed  under  the  direction  of 
.  Debret* 

The  works^  which  have  been  carried  on  for  eighteen 
rars»  are  not  yet  finished;  but  the  church  begins  to  re- 
one  its  ancient  beauty  and  splendour.  The  repairs  and 
obellishments  already  completed  are  etiensive;  and  most 
the  tombs  imd  monuments  have  been  restored. 
The  sacristy  is  ornamented  with  the  ten  following  pie- 
res,  presented  by  the  government  2— 

1.  The  preaching  of  Saint  Denis,  by  Monsiau. 

2.  Dagobert  commanding  the  construction  of  thechtnrchof  Saint 
3nis,  in  629,  by  M^ageot. 

3.  The  church  of  Saint  Denis  constituted  the  burial-place  of  the 
ogs  df  France,  by  Garnier. 

4.  The  dedication  of  the  church  of  Saint  Denis  in  the  presence 
the  emperor  Charles  V.,  by  Meynier. 

5.  Saint  Louis  orderiilg  the  cenotaphs,  which  he  erected,  in 
264,  to  the  kings  his  predecessors,  to  be  placed  in  the  choir  of  the 
lurch  of  Saint  Denis,  by  Landon. 

6.  Saint  Louis  receiving  the  oriflamme  at  Saint  Denis,  previous  CO 
is  d^rture  for  the  Holy  Land,  By  Barbier,  senior.    ' 

7.  Philip,  bearing  upon  his  shoulders  the  mortal  remains  of  Saint 
lOais,  his  father,  who  died  at  Tunis,  in  1270,  by  Guerin.* 

,  after  having  made  peace  with  the  king  of  Tunis,  re^ 

2n* 


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ft' 


420  APPSHMX* 


of  his  court,  by  Gros. 
9.  TlMcoronadoBofMaMdeM^dkasifcSttDiOcBi^fcylMi 
iO.  Low  XynL  cwiiwrimg  tbe  works  of  tb«  ckvd  if  v 

Denis  to  be  continued,  by  Henpiui.    The  ardutecx  is  fn« 

tbe  plan  to  his  nujesty,  and  pointii]^  oat  tbe  alli  i  tMum  •fco" 

proposes  to  make.* 

The  new  statues  which  decorate  thb  edifior  jre  fbe* 
in  the  vault  of  the  Bourbons,  between  tbe  cAww  IW« 
origioally  formed  part  of  the  interior  eaSMSaimM^^ 
sepulchral  chapel,  built  after  the  designs  of  Le{f«i  *  • 
place  of  sepulture  for  the  emperors  of  tho  djwuij^^ 
poleon,  from  whence  they  were  removed  to  the  w^  • 
the  Bourbons  in  1814.  They  are  six  in  noakr.  mi  ■ 
placed  in  the  f<Jlowing  order  :— 

1.  Chaxlenii^ne,  in  marble,  by  Grot. 

2.  Louis  I.,  somamed  fe  X^e-^WMMre,  by 

3.  Charles  n.,  sumamed  le  Chmuve,  by  F 

4.  Louis  II.,  somaroed  i5p  ^«5^iie,  byDeadne 

5.  Charles  III.,  sumamed  le  Gros,  by  CiA 

6.  Louis  rV.,  sumamed  OMlrcnter,  by  Duma 

The  last  five  statues  are  of  stone.     It  is 
statues  of  these  kings,  all  of  whom  are  of  the 


turned  to  France  with  tbe  remains  of  the  kii^  his 
Isabella  hb  wife,  and  the  count  de  Neren  bis  brother. 

This  prince,  an  example  of  filial  piety,  caused  tbe  ■fl*^*' 
cent  obsequies  to  be  celebrated  for  his  lather,  wboaeiMMifc^^ 
upon  his  own  shoulders  to  Saint  Denis,  barefoot.  Moaaa^  ^ 
placed  from  distance  to  distance  upon  tbe  road  from  tak  Mf* 
oiU  the  spou  where  he  rested  during  the  procession. 

Th«ie  mdmiments  were  four  in  numbtr,  and  were  in  tk  ^i*  ' 
lowers,  ibity  feet  in  height,  surmounted  by  tbe  **•»  •*  ^ 
Louis,  Philip  HI.,  the  count  de  Nevers,  and  Robert,  ^atdaO 
mont.    At  the  rerolution  they  were  all  destroyed. 

^  In  this  pictuiv  originally  was  the  fig«R«  of  If  J 


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POBCELAIN  MANDFAGTORT.  42 1 

ould  be  placed  in  the  vault  of  the  BourboAt,  who  are  pf 
e  third  race. 

The  vault  of  the  emperors  is  now  <|«iite  emptj.  A  dingle 
dy  was  ^deposited  there  during  the  short  reign  of  N^po- 
m.  It  was  that  of  Louis  duke  of  Beig,  «on  of  Louis 
naparte,  ci-devant  king  of  Holland,  who  died  in  1808. 
the  age  of  ten  years.  This  corpse  was  removed  in 
1&  to  the  cemetery  of  Saint  Denis. 
Since  the  restoration,  the  remains  of  their  majesties 
uis  XVL  and  Marie  Antoinette  have  been  disinterred 
the  cemetery  de  la  Madeleine/  and  deposited  in  the 
it  of  the  Bourbons.  His  royal  highness  the  duke  of 
Ty  was  also  interred  there. 

It  the  moment  when  Bonaplurte  returned  to  France 
n  the  isle  of  Elba,  a  search  was  making  in  the  ceme- 
f  of  the  parish  of  Sainte  Marguerite,  to  discover  the 
lains  of  the  young  king  Louis  XVU. ;  but  the  consterna-' 
\  spread  by  the  Ex*Emperor's  re-appearance  caused  the 
*ch  to  be  discontinued,  and  it  has  never  beeq  venewed. 


lANUFAGTDRE  ROYALE  DE  PORGELAINE  AT 
SfeVRES. 

rhis  magnificent  manufactory  is  situated  in  a  village 
•ut  two  leagues  from  Paris.  It  was  established  at  Vin- 
nes,  in  1738,  by  the  marquis  de  Fulvy,  governor  of 
chfiteau,  who  spent  his  fortune  in  its  formation.  The 
teau  of  Vincennes  having  ceased  to  be  a  royal  resi- 
ice,  that  nobleman  determined  to  form  a  porcelain  ms^ 
actory  in  part  of  the  buildings.  To  execute  his  project, 
seat  to  Toqrnay  and  Chantilly  for  workmen,  who  made 
ind  of  coarse  porcelain  or  fine  earthenware.    He  after- 

*  Seep.  371. 


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422  APPBRDIX. 

wards  associated  with  Messrs.  Dobois  and 
tors,  and  in  a  short  time  they  produced 
inferior  to  that  of  China  or  Japan. 

The  enterprise  being  found  not  only 
ruinous,  the  company,  in  1750,  sold  their 
the  farmers-general  of  the  taxes^  who  resoHwl  apaafe» 
ferring  it  to  Sirres.  With  this  yiew  they  buik  as  immm 
structure  upon  the  left  side  of  the  womd  froai  tan  » 
Versailles^  between  the  yillage  and  the  bridge.  TW  M» 
ing  was  finished  in  1756^  and  the  manofictory  e^slU* 
there  under  the  direction  of  M.  Bmleaa,  who  W  l« 
nnder-director  at  Vincennes.  In  176&,  Look  XT.,*^ 
solicitation  of  madame  de  Pompadour,  briogbt  il  «f  * 
farmers-general,  and,  since  that  lime,  H  boa  immd  f^ 
of  the  domains  of  the  crown* 

The  directors  of  die  estabKsfament  ore  apfaoli'  k« 
the  king,  and  sereral  have  contributed  greollT  •»  M§  pa^ 
perity.  The  manufactory  suffered  rnniidwoily  fcia ^ 
revolution »  and  several  times  was  upoo  tba  poaat  of  bov 
dissolved.  At  length,  in  1800,  it  attrocftstf  Cbo  aflwlio 
of  the  government;  and,  in  1801,  M.  Brcogoiafi,  a  do- 
tingnished  geologist  and  mineralogiat,  waa  ifipoiiiBi  ^ 
rector.  To  his  exertions  the  establiahmeoi  is  ftmofSf 
indebted  for  the  celebrity  it  has  ac<{uirod  sioce  |ha  vo- 
lution. 

This  manufactory  b  unquestionably  the  firsi  of  te  ka' 
in  Europe ;  and  is  remarkable  for  the  portly,  riclM** 
and  magnificence  of  its  productions,  Previoas  la  ih*  **^ 
volution  it  displayed  a  complete  service  mode  fa  I^* 
XVI.,  of  which  each  plate  cost  600  francs.  Siocr  iko 
period  its  productions  have  augmented  in  valot  «s 
beauty*  All  the  presents  made  by  the  kmg  l»  fotmp^ 
sovereigns  are  manufactured  at  Sevres,  and 
sist  of  services,  vases,  or  tables. 


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tIST  09  CELEIBATEB  PEB80NS  BOIN  IN  PABIS.     423 

Till  the  period  of  the  re¥oiation»  the  porcelain  manu- 
factured at  this  establishment,  cMeiparcelainetcndre,  was 
much  more  yitriiied  than  that  which  b  now  produced. 
At  the  time  of  M.  Brongniart's  nomination  another  kind 
of  porcelain*  called  porcelaine  dure,  was  begun  to  be 
made.  The  day*  which  is  kaolin^  is  brought  from  Li- 
moges»  in  the  department  de  la  Haute  Yienne. 

This  manufiictory  possesses  a  museum,  containing  a 
complete  collection  of  specimens  of  foreign  porcelain, 
and  the  claj  used  in  their  fabrication ;  a  collection  of 
specimens  of  all  the  kinds  of  porcelain,  eairtbenware,  and 
pottery  made  in  France,  and  the  clay  of  which  they  are 
made;  and  a  collection  of  all  the  modek  of  the  ornamen- 
tal vases,  senrices,  figures,  and  statues  which  haye  been 
produced  at  the  manufactory  since  its  commencement. 
These  different  models  and  specimens  are  methodically 
arranged,  and  present  a  very  extensiye  and  curious  assem^ 
blage. 

The  manufiiotory  has  a  dep6t  at  Paris,.  No.  6^,  rue 
Sainte  Anne. 


LIST  OF  CELEBRATED  PERSONS  BORN  IN  PARIS. 

The  city  of  Paris  has  produced  a  considerable  number 
of  illustrious  men,  the  principal  of  whom  are  the  follow 
ing:— 

JBAif-LBBom>  d'Albhbbkt,  a  celebrated  mathematician 
and  phUosopher,  hotn  in  1717.  He  died  at  Paris,  in  Oa 
tober,  1783. 

GuiLLAuu  AxoiiTOHs,  iuTeutor  of  a  horoscope,  and 
author  of  Bemarques  sur  U$  baramiire$..  He  was  bom 
in  1608,  and  died  October  11, 1706. 

JBAif-BAFTiSTB-BovEGViGnoif   d'Anvillb,   a   celebrated 


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424 


APPEKDIX. 


geographer,  born  July  11,  1697.     He  died  al  Fkrki 
nuary  28, 1782. 

Antoine  Abnauld,  couDcOlor  of  the  Patlementotf^ 
where  he  distinguished  himself  by  hi^  ebqnence  mi  f^ 
J)ity;  bom  in  1660,  died  December  29.  1619. 

RoftEAT  Abnauld  D'Ajmar,  bis  eldest  son ;  boro  m  » 
died  September  27,  1674. 

Henri  Abnauld,  his  brother;  born  in  1597,  M 
Augers,  March  8, 1692. 

Antoine  Abnauld,  his  brother;  bom  Febrairy  61 1$2! 
He  died  at  Brussels,  August  8, 1694. 

Smojr  Abnauld,  marquis  de  Pompone,  ambawfa* 
various  courts,  and  minister  for  foreign  aibtn  k  1« 
born  in  1618,  died  in  1699, 

Jean  Stlvaik  Baillt,  an  astronomer;  bomSepie^' 
16, 1736,  beheaded  November  12,  1798, 

Micbbl-Antoinb  Baudband,  a  man  of  bttm;  h$n 
July  28,  1633,  died  April  29,  1700, 

Chablbs  lb  Beau,  nn  historian,  profesm-  of  rkeUmc, 
and  member  and  secretary  of  the  Acadteie  de^  bucrif 
tions;  bom  ip  1701,  died  io  1778,  He  kft  an  IfiifMv  a 
BoM'Empire. 

JeAn^L6uis  le  ftjAu,  fail  brother,  member  af  Ik  A» 
d^toie  des  Inscriptions,  professor  of  rfaetoric;  bon  ■ 
17M,  died  in  17flO. 

Nicolas  Bellix,  a  toiival  engineer  and  i^eoeranbcr;  Vm 
in  1703,  died  in  1772.  ^    ^ 

Saitvbl  ^ebnabd,  a  ceFebrated  engntrer,  and  prdh^ 
of  Afe  Acrfdctoy  of  Riinting;  born  in  1616,  died  la  IWT 

Pibbbb  Biabd,  a  celebrated  sculptor  and  architect;  Wi 
led  in  1609. 


BicNoN,  an  KstbrJan,  geographer, 

biographer  to  ihe^ng.     Hi  was  bom  in  !«# 
11666. 


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LIST  OF  CELEBRATED  PERSONS  BORN  IN  PARIS.      425 

Nicolas  Boilbau-Despr^aux,  a  poet^  and  member  of  the 
Acad6ime  Fran<^ise;  bom  in  1636,  died  in  1711. 

Nicolas  Boiitdin,  at  first  a  Mousquetatre,  and  afterwards 
a  member  of  the  Acaddmie  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles 
Lettres;  bom  in  1676,  died  November  30, 1751. 

Louis-Laus  db  Boissy,  author  of  CAntt-chanceliire, 
I' Art  d* Aimer,  etc. ;  born  December  15,  175S. 

Ren£  Lebossu,  a  monk  of  the  abbey  of  Sainte  Gene- 
yibve,  and  author  of  some  critiques;  born  in  1631,  died 
in  1680. 

Antoinb-Gaspard  Boucher  b*Argis,  counciHor  of  the 
Ckdtetet,  and  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Encjrclopddie  > 
born  in  1700,  died  in  1780. 

.pRANi^ois  Boucher,  surnamed  le  Peintre  de$  Grdces  et 
VAlbane  de  la  France,  director  of  the  Academy  of  Paint- 
ing; born  in  1704,  died  in  1770. 

Jean  Boudot,  a  bookseller,  printer,  and  author  of' a 
Dictiannaire  latinrfrangais ;  died  in  1706. 

Jean-Pierre  de  Bougainville,  secretary  to  the  Acade- 
mic des  Inscriptions;  bom  December  1, 1722,  died  June 
22,  1763.     He  was  translator  of  the  AntinLucrece. 

Dominique  Bouhours,  a  Jesuit  and  philologist;  bofa  in 
1628,  died  May  27, 1708. 

BouLLANGER,  says  le  petit  ptre  Andri^  was  an  Angustin 
reformer,  a 'preacher  much  followed  for  his  or%maIity; 
born  in  1577,  died  in  1657. 

NiGOLAs^AwToniB  BouukNOER,  a  pbilosopiier  and  engi- 
neer; bom  in  1722,  and  died  in  1750. 

BouL&B,  a  ^stinguished  architect;  bora  in  1728,  died 
in  1799. 

Bon  Boullonone,  professor  of  the  Academy  of  Painting, 
and  a  skilful  imitator  of  the  Italian  masters;  born  in  16&9, 
died  In  1717. 


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426  APPMDIX. 

Louis  Bovllokohb*  his  brother ;  born  in  1654,  UtoA  m 
1788. 

Jacques  du  Bbevl,  a  Benedictine  monk;  bora  in  1528, 
diedinieiA. 

Gbrkaih  Beicb,  printer;  born  in  1667,  died  in  1722. 

Chablss  Lbbrun,  historical  painter,  and  director  of  fkm 
Academy  of  Painting ;  bom  in  1619,  died  m  1600. 

GuiLLAUMB  Bud£,  sumamed  Coracle  dt»  9avun$,  siMuCrv 
des  requHeSp  and  librarian  of  Francis  I. ;  bora  in  1467, 
died  August  24, 1640. 

Pibrbib-Jbah  Bubbttb,  physieian,  profmemr  royal,  mi 
member  of  the  Acad^mie  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles  Lettras; 
born  November  21, 1666,  died  May  19, 1747. 

Louis-Claudb  Cadbt-Gassicovbt,  member  of  the  Aca- 
ddmie  des  Sciences^  and  the  Acad^mie  Imperiale  des  C«- 
rieux  de  la  Nature;  born  July  24, 1781,  died  October  17, 
1799. 

P&IUPPE  DB  Canatb,  sieur  du  Fre$t%e,  a  coonciDor  of 
state,  and  skilful  diplomatist ;  bora  in  1661,  died  in  1610. 

PiBRBE  Garlbt  db  Chamblaiii  DB  Majuyaux,  a  dranalic 
performer;  bora  in  1688,  died  Febrqary  12,  ITSS. 

PibrrbJacqubs  Casbs,  a  painter;  bora  in  1678,  died  in 
1764. 

Nicolas  Catihat,  marshal  of  France;  bora  in  16S7, 
died  at  Saint  Gratien,  in  1712. 

Frahqois  Gatrov;  bora  in  1669,  died  OtidMr  18, 
1787. 

AmfB-GLAUnB-PlIILItPB  DB  TroikRBS  DB  GimOAU  SB  Pks- 

TBLS  BB  LiTi,  count  de  Caylns,  an  antiquary,  biograpkr, 
and  romance  writer;  bora  in  1692,  died  Septeoiber  5, 
1766. 

RoBBRT  GiNAus,  or  Gbhbav,  bish<^  of  Anancbes,  m 
historian;  died  April  27, 1660. 

Jbah-Ahtoirb  du  Gbbcbau,  a  Jesoil,  Latin  and  FmA 


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LIST  09  CBLBBBATED  PBES0N8  BORH  IN  PAKI8.     427 

poet,  and  dramatic  writer;  bom  in  1670»  died  suddenly  at 
Veret,  in  1750. 

Jban  GsAPELAnf ;  born  in  1606,  died  in  1674. 

Jeah  Chaediii;  bom  in  16&3,  died  at  London,  in  1713. 
He  travelled  to  Persia  and  the  £ast  Indies. 

PiBUB  Chabboh,  advocate  to  the  Partement  of  Paris, 
philologist,  and  the  friend  of  Montaigne,  who  bequeathed 
him  his  armoires;  bom  in  16A1,  died  suddenly  in  the 
street  in  1603, 

TiMOLioN-GHBHiiiAis  DB  HoNTAiGu,  a  Josuit,  Qrator»  and 
preacher;  born  in  1662,  died  in  1680. 

EuzABBTH-SopmB  CniBOH,  member  of  the  Academy  of 
Painting,  and  the  Acad^nies  of  Bioovrati  and  Padua,  a 
poet  and  painter;  bom  in  1648,  died  in  1711. 

Louis  CniBON,  her  brother,  an  engraver  and  skilful 
painter ;  born  in  1660,  died  in  London,  in  1778.  . 

Stanislas  db  Glbbmoht-Tonnebbis,  deputy  to  the  Con- 
stituent Assembly,  and  a  distinguished  orator;  bom  in 
1752,  assassinated  at  Paris,  August  10, 1792. 

Hbnbi  Cocuif,  advocate  to  the  council  and  the  ParU^ 
tnent;  bora  in  1687,  died  in  1747. 

CHABLBs-NrcoLAs  CoGBiif,  a  Celebrated  engraver;  bom 
in  1688,  died  in  1764. 

Jban-Baptiste  Colbbbt  db  Sbignblobat,  eldest  son  of 
the  great  Colbert,  and  minister  of  the  marine ;  bom  in 
1651,  died  November  3, 1690. 

GviLLAUHB-CoLLBTBT,  Bu  advocato  to  the  council^  mem- 
ber of  the  Acaddmie  Fran^aise,  and  a  dramatic  writer ; 
bora  in  1698,  died  in  1669. 

Chablbs-Mabib  m  i»a  CoNDAiiuiB,  member  of  the  aca- 
demy, a  traveller,  astronomer,  etc. ;  bom  in  1701,  died 
February  4, 1774. 

Louis  db  Boubboh,  Pbingb  i^e  Go5Di,  suraamed  le 
Grand;  bom  in  1621»  died  at  Fontainebleau,  in  1686. 


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LIST  OF  CSLEBaATED  PSEdONS  BORN  IN  PARIS.      A29 

lerie,  and  author  of  the  /oumal  de  Henri  III.;  born  in 
1540,  died  in  1611. 

HxNRi  EsTiEifiiB*  a  celebrated  painter  and  man  of  let- 
ters; born  about  the  year  1470,  died  in  1620. 

RoBBBT  EsTiBNiiBy  a  Celebrated  printer ;  bom  in  1603, 
died  in  1550. 

Chaklbs  EsTiEifiiB,  son  of  Henry,  a  printer,  {Aysician, 
and  man  of  letters;  bom  in  1504,  died  in  15d4« 

RoBBBT  EsTiENNB,  socoud  SOU  of  Henry;  born  in  1503, 
died  at  Geneva,  September  7,  1559. 

Henri  Estibnnb,  son  of  Robert,  a  printer  and  man  of 
letters;  born  in  1628,  died  at  Lyons,  in  160S. 

£tibniib-Maubigb  Falgonbt,  sculptor;  bora  in  1716, 
died  in  1791.  His  works  are  published  in  six  Tolumes  oc- 
tayo. 

Chablbs-Simoii  Fatabt,  a  dramatic  writer;  bora  No- 
vember 13,  1710,  died  May  12, 1792. 

Claude  Faughet,  president  of  the  cour  d6$  Mpnnaus^  a 
learned  historian  and  compiler;  bora  in  1529,  died* in 
1601. 

Jban-Fban^ois  FiLiBisif ,  member  of  the  Acad^mie  des 
Inscriptions,  and. historiographer  of  the  royal  edifices i 
died  in  1733. 

Claude  Fleubt,  an  advocate  of  the  ParUment  of  Paris, 
who  afterwards  became  a  priest  and  under-preceptor  to 
the  dukes  de  Bourgogne,  d'Anjou,  and  de  Berri.  At  a 
later  period  he  was  appointed  preceptor  of  Louis  XY.  He 
was  born  in  1640,  and  died  in  1723. 

Jean  Fobest,  landscape  painter  to  the  king;  born  in 
1656,  wd  died  in  1712. 

Chablbs  db  Lafossb^  rector  and  professor  of  the  Aca- 
d^ie  Royale ;  born  in  1640,  died  in  1716.  The  dome  of 
the  Hdtel  des  faivatides  is  from  his  pencil. 


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430  ApnMDit. 

knroim  db  Lafosse^  sienr  d'Aobigiiy^  nephew  to  tkr 
preceding^  a  tragic  poet;  bom  in  1658,  died  in  1708. 

l^TiEifHB  FouBKONT,  a  Celebrated  lingoisl,  and  aathorof 
seyeral  works ;  born  in  1683,  died  in  1746. 

PiBBBB-SnoN  FouBifiBB,  an  engraver  and  letter-lbiinder; 
bom  in  1712,  died  in  1768. 

Nicolas  FBBBSt,  advocate  of  the  Parkment^  hittoriM 
and  chronologist;  bora  in  1688,  died  March  8, 1749. 

Chabl^'Alphonsb  Dufbbskot,  a  painter  and  poel ;  ban 
in  1611,  died  at  Yilliers-le-Bel,  in  1666. 

GHABLBS-RinkBB  DuFBBsmr,  i)alei  de  chamkre^  ooaif- 
troUer  of  the  king's  gardens,  and  a  dramatic  poet;  kn 
in  1648,  died  October  6,  1724. 

Louis  Gallochb,  a  skilful  painter;  bora  in  1670,  lEed 
in  1761. 

£f  iBF!rE-FBAN<;ois  Gboffbot,  professor  of  medBdae  uA 
chemistry;  bora  in  1672,  died  in  1781. 

Pibbbb-Louis-Claudb  Gni,  a  man  of  letters  ;  bom  No- 
tember  17, 1726,  died  November  19, 1807. 

Louis  Godik  ,  member  of  the  Academy  of  the  Scieaoet, 
fmd  one  of  those  who  went  to  Pern  to  measure  a  Aegrte  of 
the  earth.  He  was  bora  in  1704,  and  died  September  U, 
1760. 

Jbah  GouiON,  a  celebrated  sculptor  and  architect;  died 
August  24, 1672. 

Db  Lagrangb,  a  translatoi^;  bora  in  17S8,  died  ia 
1775. 

Sii|oif  GuiLLAiif,  a  celebrated  sculptor;  bora  io  15M, 
died  in  1668. 

Nobl-Gutabd  db  Bbbvillb,  a  man  of  letten;  bora  it 
1697.  He  died  in  1770,  at  Bic6tie,  where  poverty  had 
constrained  him,  to  retire. 

Jban-Baptistb  Dubalbb,  a  Jesuit;  Hioni  in  1#74,  died 
in  1743. 


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LIST  OP  CEUBRATED  PERSONS  BORN  IN  PARIS.     43t 

'  GLAtDB-ADRiBN  Hblv£tius>  bom  ID  iiW,  died  Decern-^ 
bcp26, 1771. 

BARTBiLEMi  d'Hbrbblot»  ppofessop  of  the  Sypiac  lan- 
guage; bopn  l)ecembep  14, 1625,  died  Decembep  8, 1696. 

Laurbnt  be  Lahtrb,  a  landscape-paintep,  and  ppofessop 
of  the  Academy;  bopn  in  1606,  died  in  16S6* 

AifToiNB  HouDAB  DB  LA  MoTTB,  a  dpamatic  writep,  epic 
poet,  fabolbt,  and  philologist;  bopn  in  1672,  died  in 
1731. 

^TiBHif B  JoBBLLB,  sUuT  dc  lAfriodin,  a  Latin  and  Fpencfa 
authop,  and  tpagic  and  comic  composep;  bopn  in  1682, 
died  in  157S. 

Hbnbi-Louis  Lbkaih,  a  celebpated  tragic  actop;  bopn 
in  1728,  died  Febpuapy  8,  1778. 

Jbar  -  Francois  Laharpb,  a  distinguished  writep,  and 
membep  of  the  Institute.  He  was  bopn  in  1739,  and  died 
a  capuchin,  in  1803. 

ANiiB-THiBksB  DB  Margubnat  db  Courcbllbs,  mapchio- 
ness  de  Lambept,  a  celebpated  wpitep ;  bopn  in  1647,  died 
in  1738. 

CHRiTiBN-FRANgois  BB  Lahoignon  ,*  a  counciUop  of  the 
Parlement,  next  maitre  des  requius,  and  afterwapds  ad- 
vocate-general, ppesident  d  mortier^  and  a  membep  of  the 
Acad6mie  des  Inscpiptions.  He  was  bopn  in  1644,  and 
died  in  1709. 

CHRiTIEN-GuiLLAUIIB  LamOIGNOR-MalBSHERBBS,  fiPSt  pPO- 

sident  of  the  cour  des  Aides,  a  ministep,  and  membep  of 
the  Academic  Fpan^ise ;  bopn  Decembep  6,  1721,  be- 
headed at  Paris,  Appil  22, 1794. 

Claude  Lakcblot,  a  man  of  letteps;  bopn  in  1616,  died 
in  exile  at  Quimperlay,  in  1695. 

Nicolas  Langret,  a  celebrated  paintep ;  bopn  in  1690, 
died  in  1743. 

Martin  Langlois,  iehevin  de  Paris  and  pr6vdt  des  mar- 


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432  APPBKDIX. 

ehands.  lo  coficert  with  Uie  duke  de  Briinc»  goveinorof 
Paris,  he  secretly  admitted  the  fbroes  of  Heory  lY.  nito 
the  capital  in  the  ni^t  of  March  22»  iS9h.  Thb  priaoe 
recompensed  him  by  creatiiig  him  a  tmaUre  des  rcf  odlcs. 

Antoike-Lauabht  Layoisibi,  member  of  the . 
des  Sciences^  a  general  farmer,  and  celebrated 
bom  August  16,  1743,  and  beheaded  at  Paris.  May  8, 
1794. 

AiiTOiiiE-MARiif  Lemiebbe,  a  dramatic  writer,  and  if  i 
ber  of  the  Academic  Fran^aise ;  bom  in  1738,  dkd  m 
179a. 

PiEBBE  I4EGBOS,  a  celebrated  sculptor;  bom  in  1456. 
diedinl719, 

AiiNB,  called  Ninon  dc  Lenehg;  bom  in  1616,  dia^ 
October  17, 1706. 

David  l'Enfant,  a  Dominican  friar;  died  in  1688u 

EusTAGHB  Lesueub,  b  skilful  painter,  bom  in  1617»  died 
in  1656;  his  brother,  still  more  celebrated  as  a  painter, 
died  in  1695. 

GuiLLAUME  Delisle,  b  famous  ge<^rapher;  bacm  in 
1675«  died  by  apoplexy  in  1726. 

JosEPB'NicoiAs  Delisle,  brother  to  the  preceding,  « 
astronomer  and  mathematician,  a  member  of  nearly  Jl  tha 
learned  societies  of  Europe,  and  professor  of  astroaomy 
and  geography  at  the  royal  college.  He  was  borq  in  1688, 
and  died  in  1768. 

Chables  Loiseau,  a  learned  judge ;  died  in  16S7. 

Jaaqobs  Lblono,  an  orator  and  Hngqist;  bora  in  1666, 
died  August  13, 1721. 

.  Lovis-IsAAG  LEMAtTBB,  kuowu  by  the  name  of  Sacy; 
bora  in  1613,  died  at  Pomponne,  in  1684.  He  was  seal 
to  the  Baslile  in  1666,  and  confined  tbero  two  yean  and 
a  half. 

Nicolas  Malbbbabcbb,  an  orator,  and  member  of  thr 


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LIST  OF  CELEBKATED  PERSONS  BORN  IN  PARIS.         433 

Academy  of  the  Sciences;  born  in  1638,  died  October  13, 
1715. 

Clavdb  db  Mallbtillb,  oae  of  the  first  members  of  the 
Academic  Fran^aise;  bor»  in  1507,  died  in  1647, 

LoBis-JuLBs  Babbon-Mancini  Mazarinu  duke  de  Nirer- 
Dois;  bom  in  1716^  died  February  25,  1798.  |Ie  was  a 
minister  of  state,  and  member  of  the  Academic  Fran^ise 
and  ibe  Acaddmie  des  Belies-Lettres. 

FrA5<^is  Mansart,  first  arcbitect  to  the  kiog;  bora  in 
1506,  died  in  1666*  He  was  tbe  iiiVentor  of  Manmrdes, 
a  kind  of  roofing. 

Jules  HAjmoviK-MANSARt,  nephew  to  the  precedaig, 
chief  architect  to  tbe  king;  bom  in  1645,  died  in  1708. 

PiBRBB-STLTAiif  MARicHAL,  a  poet  and  maa  of  letters; 
born  in  1750,  died  in  ISOft. 

Jacques  Marsollieb,  a  monk  of  tbe  abbey  of  Saiate 
Generri^ve,  afterwards  prd^t,  and  at  length  archdeacon 
dTz^  Be  was  an  historian  and  gec^rapher;  bom  in 
1647,  died  August  30,  1724. 

MA.RTIAL  b*Abtbbgne,  pi^ocuTeuT  au  Pktrlement,  notary 
of  the  Cbfilelet,  and  a  comic  poet;  bom  in  1440,  died  in 
1508. 

Philippe  Meunibr,  a  skilful  paraier;  bom  in  1655,  died 
in  1734. 

MABiE-JBAi<»rB  DB  MiaikBEs  M  Saboras,  wife  of  Ricco- 
boni ;  born  m  1714,  died  December  6, 1792. 

Fran<;ois  Lemoine,  a  painter,  and  member  of  the  Aca- 
dimie  Royale.  Having  becoBoe  deranged  through  embar- 
rassed cireumstanees,  be  imagined  that  he  was  going  to  be 
arrested;  and  on  the  4th  of  June,  1737,  slabbed  himself 
•ft  nine  dtfikmt  places  with  a  sword,  which  caused  his 
death.     He  was  born  in  1088. 

Jean-Baptistr   Pocquelin  db  Moli^re,  surnamed  the 

VOL.  III.  2  B 


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434  APPBNDIX. 

ArUtophanc  Francis,  a  comic  aathor;  bom  m  IC 
died  February  17, 1673. 

Nicolas -HuBBBT  db  Mongavlt,  a  member  of  ibeia 
d^mie  Fran^ise;  bom  in  167A,  died  in  17A6. 

FaAiigois  DB  LA  MoTHB  LB  Vatbb,  depuij  to  tbe  fnat 
rcur-g6n£ral  du  Parlement»  a  man  of  letters,  uiii  mtaks 
of  the  Academic  Fran^aise;  bora  in  1688,  diod  m  1671 

Louis -SiBASTIBN    LbNAIN    DB   TlLLEMOHT,    «    uithlirf 

historian  and  divine;  bora  in  1637,  died  in  £606, 

Gabbiel  NAUDi,  secretary  to  cardinal  de  Bagar,  atfi 
physician  to  Louis  XIIL,  and  afterwards  UbrariaBlacv^ 
dinal  Mazarin  ;  bora  in  1600,  died  at  AbberiDe,  in  i». 
on  bis  return  from  Sweden. 

Jbaii-Fbaii(;ois  Nigbbon^  optician,  a  popil  ofPtatartB^ 
and  author  of  the  Perspective  earieu$e ;  bora  ib  Mi> 
died  at  Aix»  in  1646. 

Jbar-Pibbbb  NicbboN)  a  learned  Baraabtle;  ban  ia 
1686,  died  m  1738.     He  was  the  author  at  Ad  HiM 
des  Homnus  lUustres. 

AiiDBi  Lb50stbb,  succeeded  his  father  as 
dent  of  the  garden  of  tbo  Tuileriet.  He  was  bam  in  IMi. 
and  died  in  1700. 

FaAir^ois-AvovsTiif  Pabadu  db  Mon cbip,  bom  in  UK, 
died  in  1770. 

Fban<;ois  Pabfait^  author  of  the  Hituire  f/Udrwit  da 
Th6dtre  Fran^U;  bora  in  1698,  died  in  1763. 

Fban^ois  Pabis;  born  in  1690,  died  in  1727.  Hi  i» 
better  known  as  the  Deacon  Paris. 

l^TiBiiNB  Pasquibb»  adTOCBte  to  the  ParUmmt;  ban  ia 
1529,  died  in  1616. 

Olitieb  Patbu,  advocate  to  the  Parlememt,  mi  waam- 
ber  of  the  Academic  Fran^aise ;  bora  in  1604, 
1681. 


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UST  OF  CELEBRATED  PERSONS  BORN  IN  PARlS.  435 

Antoine  Lepautbe,  a  celebrated  architect,  and  member 
of  the  Academy  of  Painting;  died  in  1691. 

Jean  LBPArrBB.  brother  of  the  preceding,  was  an  excel- 
lent designer,  engraver,  and  architect.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber <,f  the  Academy  of  Painting  and  Sculpture;  was  bom 
in  1617.  and  died  in  1682. 

PiBBBE  LEPAtTBE,  soo  of  Antoinc.  architect  and  scolp- 
tor;   bom  in  1660.  died  January  22, 1744. 

Claude  Lepbletibb.  councillor  of  the  Parlemmt,  pn5- 
vot  des  marchands.  and  afterwards  comptroller-general  of 
thoi finances;  born  in  1631,  died  in  1711. 

Cladde  Pebbault.  born  in  1613.  died  in  1688.  He  was 
a  physici&n.  and  a  celebrated  architect. 

Chables  Pebbault.  brother  to  the  preceding,  on  orchi- 
'^''i^nl  *"P«"'»*«»"J«nt-gene'-al  of  the  royal  edifices;  bom 
■n  1703  died  in  1728.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
\ho  Academy  of  Painting  and  the  Academy  of  the  Sci- 


mces 


Jean-Louis  Pbtit,  surgeon,  anatomist,  member  of  the 
cademy  of  the  Sciences,  and  director  of  the  Royal  Aca- 

ferny  of  Surgery;  bom  in  1674.  died  in  1750. 
MabiE- Joseph  Pbybe.  a  celebrated  architect;  bom  in 

1730.  died  in  1785.  °  "* 

Raimond  Poissor,  a  celebrated  comedian  and  author  It 
ras  he  who  created  the  rfiles  de  Crispin;  died  in  1690  ' 

Philippe  PoissoN.  son  of  the  former,  a  comedian 'and 
uthor;  bom  in  1688,  died  in  1740. 

Fban?ois  PouBPouB.  called  Petit,  a  physician,  and  mem- 

"".i^L    «  ^i*    "^  °^  '^^  ^*''*°*^  •  •'o™  •»  1W4.  died 
»1741.  He  .Hvented  an  ophthalmometer,  or  instrument 
» measure  the  parte  of  the  eye. 

Philippe  QuiNAULT.  poet,  and  a  member  of  the  Acad6- 
iie  Fran^aise;  born  in  1636,  died  in  1688. 

Louis  Racine,  son  of  the   tragic  poet*    member   of 


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A3G  A?PMDIX. 

the  Acad^mie  des    Inscriptions  ;  born   in  1692,  dM  t 
1763. 

Abmand-Jban  lb  Bootbillibb  db  Rahc^;  Ikm-b  in  MS, 
died  October  26, 1700. 

Jban-Fbahcois  Rbghabd,  a  comic  aatbor  ;  bom  la  MIT. 
died  in  1709. 

FiiAi<r€or$-S£BAPHiN  RegkieB'Dbshabais,  an  aUoC  a 
member  of  tbe  Academic  Fran^aise  and  of  the  FIsRSor 
Academy,  and  a  French,  Latin,  Italian,  and  SpaiifiAparc 
He  was  born  in  i6SS,  and  died  in  1715. 

Armand-Jban  db  Plbssis-Richelieu  ;  bom  SeptenkrS. 
1685,  died  December  4,  1642.  He  was  bishop  of  La~ 
con  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  and  was  couseoslcd  at 
Rome  by  pope  Paul  V. ,  to  whom  he  represented  Ibat  ht 
had  attained  his  twenty-fourth  year.  The  pope,  aArr 
having. absolved  him  from  the  falsehood,  said:  Cejtmtu 
^vSque  a  de  Pesprit ;  mats  ce  sera  tos  j^mr  mm  pmmd 
fourbe, 

Lovis-Franqois-Arvand  du  Plbssis,  duke  of 
marshal  of  France^   member  of  the  Acadtek 
and  of  the  Academy  of  the  Sciences  ;  bom  March  IS. 
1696,  died  August  8, 1788. 

DiDiBR-RoBERT  DE  Yaugondy,  geographer,  mM^mamktr 
of  the  Academy  of  Nancy;  bom  in  1688,  died  ia  ITMl 

Charles  Rolun,  rector  of  the  University,  praCeaa^W 
Eloquence  at  the  College  Royal,  and  meoiber  efthr  ica- 
d^mie  des  Inscriptions;  bom  m  1661,  died  ui  1741. 

Jacques  Roussbau,  painter  of  archheeture  aad  hai- 
scapes;  born  in  1630,  died  at  Londod,  in  16(n. 

Jean-Baptiste  Rousseau,  son  of  a  shoemker.  Wl  «■* 
of  the  first  lyric  poets ;  born  April  6, 1671,  dird  at  Bk» 
sels,  March  17, 1741. 

Charlbs  de  Laruk,  a   Jesuit,  professor  of  rhtinric.  * 


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UST  OF  CELEBRATED  PE180N8  BORN  IN  PARIS.        437 

celebrated  preacher,  and  Latin  and  French  tragic  poet ; 
born  in  1648 ,  died  in  1725. 

Jean-Baptists  Santevi,  or  Santeuil,  canon  of  8aint 
Victor,  anthor  of  many  sublime  hjrmnes  Latines.  His 
lively  poetic  sallies  and  adventures  are  collected  hi  the 
Santaliona.  He  was  bom  in  1630,  and  died  at:  Di)on,  in 
1697. 

Paul  Scaeron,  son  of  a  councillor  of  the  FarUmmt; 
bom  in  1610,  died  in  1661. 

Pierre  Segvibr,  councillor  of  the  ParUment,  afterwards 
keeper  of  the  sealsj  chancellor,  and  patron  of  the  Acade- 
mic Fran^aise,  and  the  Academy  of  Painting  and  Sculp- 
ture ;  born  in  1688,  died  in  1672.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
firmness  and  integrity. 

RENi-MiCHBL  Slodtz,  surnamed  Michel  Angc,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Acad^mie  Roy  ale,  and  designer  to  the  king's  . 
cabinet;  bom  in  1705,  died  in  176&. 

Toussaint^Gaspard  Taconnbt,*  a  performer,  and  com- 
poser of  fai^ces,  etc.  He  was  bom  in  1730,  and  died  in 
the  Hdpital  de  la  Gharit6«  December  29, 1774. 

Paul  Tallemant,  member  of  the  Academic  Fran^aise, 
secretary  to  the  Acad6mie  des  Inscriptions,  and  author  of 
a  Vcyagc  h  File  d* Amour;  born  in  1642,  died  July  30, 
1712. 

LotJis  Tbstelin,  d  distinguished  painter,  and  the  inti- 
mate friend  of  Lebrun ;  bom  in  1615,  died  at  Paris,  in 
1655. 

Melchisedece  TnivENOT,  a  member  of  the  Academy  of 
the  Sciences,  and  librarian  to  the  king;  died  in  1692. 

EvRARD  TiTON  Du  TiLLBT,  bom  iu  1677,  died  December 
26, 1762.  He  executed  the  Pamasse  Frangais^  in  bronze, 
which  is  in  the  royal  library. 

Anne -Robert -Jacques  Tvihsot,  comptroller-general  of 
\he  finances;  born  in  1727,  died  March  18, 1781. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


438  APPENDIX. 

Henri  de  Yalois^  ibl  man  of  letters;  born  in  iOOS,  td 
in  1676. 

Claude  YIllabst^  a  man  of  lellers,  and  poet ;  h^n  m 
1716,  died  in  1766.  He  continued  the  Ahi  Vdl  j's  Bw^ 
ioire  de  France, 

Jean  Donnbav,  sieur  de  Visi,  a  dramatic  antbor  ai 
romance- writer;  born  in  1640,  died  in  1710.  He  n 
editor  of  the  Mercure  galani  from  1672  to  U%  dealL 

Marie -Francois  Arouet  de  Voltaire*  bomFebcwn 
20, 1694.  died  May  30,  1778. 

Simon  Yovet,  painter  of  the  Acad^mie  de  Saint  Lac,  A 
Rome,  and  afteni^ards  chief  painter  to  Louis  XIY. ;  b«i 
in  1682,  died  in  1641. 

Marc  -  Pierre  Yoter  de  Paulmt,  count  d^Arpruoa, 
lieutenant  of  the  police,  afterwards  chief  of  the  conseil  dc 
la  r^gence,  then  minister  of  war,  and  founder  of  tbe  mS- 
tary  school.  He  was  bom  in  1696,  and  died  at  Ormes,  m 
1764. 

Jean  Yrac  du  Buisson,  a  mathematician;  bom  £a  170i, 
died  in  1762.  He  was  inspector,  and  aAerwards  super- 
intendent, of  the  building  of  the  hospitals.  Tbe  French 
are  indebted  to  him  for  the  putts  de  BicHrc^  the  famn  ^ 
Sclpum^  and  the  mouUns  de  I'Hopital. 

MiCHEL-^TiENNE  TuRGOT,  president  of  the  Gmmmd  Cmk- 
$eil^  and  pr^vot  des  marchands;  bom  in  1699,  Sei  m 
1751. 

Jean  Marot,  a  celebrated  architect;  bom  in  1630,  < 
in  1694. 

Benoit-Josepb  Marsoluer  de  YivsTikREs,  poet. 
author  of  comic  operas ;  bom  in  1760,  died  in  1817. 

Nicolas  de  la  Marc,  author  of  the  Traiic  de  tm . 
and  other  wotis ;  born  in  1639,  died  in  172S. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


LIST  OP  CELEBRATED  PERSONS  BORN  IN  PARIS.       439 

Jean-Baptiste  MARTiify  a  celebrated  painter  of  battles; 
born  in  1769,  died  in  1736. 

Chaelss-Clavde  Genest,  a  man  of  letters,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Acad^mie  Fran^aise ;  born  in  1639,  died  in 
1719. 

Philippe-Louis  Gerard,  a  man  of  letters,  and  author  of 
the  CanUe  de  Valmont ;  ou  Egarements  de  la  raison  ;  born 
in  1737,  died  in  1813. 

Tbomas  Germain,  architect,  sculptor,  and  silversmith ; 
born  in  1673,  died  in  1748. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


440 


ArKKDIX. 


STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  POPILATIOX 
ETC.  OF  PARIS. 


The  following  statements  are  deriTed  jrooi  o&.uIJk 
cuments  and  calculiitions  published  in  1823,  by  otitr  • 
the  French  goTernment.  Although  some  of  them  jrr  i 
a  distant  date,  it  is  the  latest  period  to  which  the  ■tiiwii 
have  been  made  up. 


Tlu  fbUaiving  is  a  tabic  of  the  total  number  0ftMt  JMb, 
MarriageSy  and  Deaths  in  Paris,  from  IS06  m  ISil 
inclusive. 


Ymk. 

KrlU. 

Foundliags. 

MtfTUftCi. 

OlMk. 

1806 

18.667 

4,238 

3,759 

i9-5a 

1807 

18.495 

4,234 

3,612 

*>:«: 

1808 

18.495 

4,302 

4,252 

17.155 

1809 

19.002 

4,556 

4,416 

i6,:«H 

18iO 

19,037 

4,502 

4.866 

ITjnS 

1811 

21.168 

5,152 

4,534 

!6*>» 

1812 

20,294 

5,394 

4,561 

I9.i*c! 

1813 

20.096 

5,000 

6,585 

i9,:h 

1814 

21.247 

5,«37 

4,488 

33,1b 

1815 

22.612 

5,080 

5,576 

2n« 

18(6 

22.358 

5,080 

6,869 

I9.1.M 

1817 

V3.759 

5,467 

6,382 

?l,1i4 

1818 

23.067 

'  4,779 

6,616 

:^.i:i 

1819 

24.352 

5,057 

6,216 

••-•iTl 

1820 

24.858 

5J0I 

5,877 

aiw 

1821 

25,156 

4,y63 

6.465 

21«* 

Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


hh\ 


List  of  the  Births,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  in  Paris, 
during  the  Years  1819,  1820,  and  1821. 


Jan.  1819 
18*^0 
1821 

™^ 

BIRTU'i. 

MAR- 
BUUE8. 

'"470' 
428 

460 

OKATUS.        ll 

M.tM. 

Kraulo. 

'IWal. 

Malo. 

rnnln. 

'IMU. 

1,136 
1,108 
1,017 

1,043 
1,113 
1,05« 

2,179 
i,221 
2,069 

1,036 

1,067 

983 

1,101 

1,238 
1,109 

2,137 
2.305 
2,121 

Feb.  1819 
1820 
1821 

1,062 
1,115 
1,066 

1,027 

968 

1,039 

2,089 
2,083 
2,105 

620 
526 
532 

897 

918 

<,Q22 

933 

993 

1,099 

1,830 
1,911 
2,121 

March  1819 
1820 
1821 

1,228 
1,161 
1,176 

1,117 
1,207 
1,102 

2,345 
2,368 
2,278 

424 
302 
513 

1,131 
1,081 
1,142 

1,215 
1,274 
1,425 

2,346 
2,355 
2,267 

April  1819 
1820 
1821 

990 
1,097 
1,208 

1,001 
1,052 
1,117 

1,991 
2,149 
2,325 

480 
528 
397 

1,086 
1,034 
1,086 

1,415 
1,117 
1,132 

2,201 
2,151 
2,218 

May  1819 
1820 
1821 

1,017 
1,112 
1,056 

981 
1,082 
1,025 

1,998 
2,194 
2,081 

616 
552 
595 

1,069 
1,067 
1,064 

1,119 
1,138 
1,026 

2,188 
2,205 
2,090 

June  1819 
1820 
1821 

928 
993 
999 

835 
986 
989 

1,783 
1,979 
1,988 

550 
459 
555 

902 

874 

1,032 

965 

961 

1,001 

1,867 
1,835 
2,033 

July  1819 
1820 
1821 

1,027 

1,030 

999 

951 
97« 
989 

1,998 
2,006 
1,988 

559 

534 
555 

743 

783 

1,032 

858 

875 

1,001 

1,601 
1,658 
2,033 

Aug.  1819 
1820 
1821 

1,029 
1,025 
1,016 

1,021 

979 

1,010 

2,050 
2,004 
2,026 

518 
530 
540 

«69 
728 
873 

944 
841 
846 

1,813 
1,569 
1,719 

Sept.  1819 
1820 
1821 

986 
1,064 
1,098 

988 
968 
937 

1,974 
2,032 
2,035 

518 
563 
559 

740 
743 
826 

813 
811 
858 

1,563 
1,554 
1.684 

Oct.  1819 
1820 
1821 

993 
1,022 
1,008 

967 

980 

1,073 

j 

1,960 
2,002 
2,081 

592 
511 
712 

753 
760 

747 
766 
843 

1,500 
1,526 
1,678 

Not.  1819 
1820 
1821 

992 

969 

1,051 

1.053 
948 
906 

2,045 
4,917 
1,957 

488 
496 
540 

789 
768 
833 

927 
794 
752 

1,716 
1,562 
1,585 

Dec.  1819 
1820 
1821 

1,004 

957 

1,121 

956 

946 

1,017 

1,960 
1,903 
2,138 

411 
446 
496 

849 
761 
837 

834 
826 
866 

1,683 
1,587 
1,703 

Total .  1819 
1820 
1821 

12,412 
12,653 
12,860 

11,940 
12,205 
12,296 

24,.%2 
24,858 
25,156 

6,246 
5,877 
6,465 

n,050 
10,780 
11,401 

11,621 
11,684 
11,516 

22,671 
22,464 
22,917 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


442  APPENDIX. 

Died  in  1849,  under  a  year  old  2,285  nakt,   iJt3S  1 

1820  2,261  1,903 

1821  2,336  1,876 
In  1819  from  1  to  2  years   .  785  78G 

1820  630  710 

4821  908  985 

In  1819from2toayean   .  411  400 

1820  291  303 

1821  48a  516 
In  1819lrom3to4years   .  293  282 

1820  222  200 

4821  332  276 

In  1819(rom4to5year8    .     186  162 

1820  144  167 

1821  221  229 
In  1819from5to6year9    .  128  145 

1820  88  106 

1821  176  15S 
In  1819  from  6  to  7  years    .  116  121 

1820  94  80 

1821  110  143 
In  18l9rrom7to8years    .  64  83 

1820  70  63 

1821  84  64 
In  4819from8to9years    .  48  53 

1820  54  65 

1821  68  64 
In  1819from9tol0year8 .  68  46 

1820  50  48 

1821  53  50 
In  1819fixmilOtol5yeart  198  238 

1820  172  223 

1821  209  236 
In  1819(h>ml5to20years  421  391 

1820  386  317 

4821  367  337 

In  1819from20to25yean  815  650 

1820  749  590 

1821  776  556 
In  1819  from  25  to  30  years  374  567 

1820  381  524 

1821  405  460 
In  1819  from  30  to  35  years  326  489 

1820  260  481 

1821  299  442 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


443 


Died  ia  18i9,from35to40yean 

296  males, 

453  females. 

1820 

302 

4S9 

1821 

292 

397 

In  1819fin>m40to457ean 

300 

477 

1820 

338 

459 

4821 

320 

411 

In  18<9(rom45to50yean 

369 

482 

1820 

360 

469 

1821 

354 

480 

In  1819firom50to55jews 

460 

496 

1820 

517 

502 

1821 

450 

459 

In  1819from55tofiOje«n 

473 

467 

1820 

529 

517 

1821 

470 

444 

In  1819fh>m60to657ewrs 

582 

576 

1820 

681 

676 

1821 

573 

516 

In  1819lrom65to70yean 

646 

702 

1820 

703 

701 

1821 

626 

627 

In  18i9rrom70to75yean 

529 

594 

1820 

561 

805 

1821 

547 

663 

In  1819  from  75  to  80  yean 

372 

558 

1820 

401 

685 

1821 

374 

560 

In  1819from80to85years 

201 

331 

1820 

230 

393 

1821 

188 

290 

In  1819from85to90years 

94 

158 

1820 

93 

175 

1821 

101 

134 

In  1819rrom90to95yean 

20 

24 

1820 

14 

33 

18?1 

23 

.    32 

In  1819  from  95  to  100  yean 

5 

8 

1820 

2 

8 

1821 

4 

8 

In  1819  upwards  of  100  yean    — 

1 

1820 

1 

— 

1821 

2 

1 

Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


444  APPENDIX. 

In  1819  there  were  in  the  number  of  the  birthi — 

8,641  bastards,  of  which  4,384  were  bojft  mmI  4;257  prk 

1820  8,870  *  4,523  4,347 

1821  9,176  4,705  4,471 

In  1819  of  these  bastards  there  wek«  recognised — 

404  by  roaniage ;    —  after  the  birth. 

1820  533  169 

1821  655         157 


There  were  among  the  marriag( 


Botfrrenhachelon    DetwtntiT,lMtofi    Bitiwi*«wMaw»i 
and  nuid*.  «od  widow*.  aikl  wniitt 


In  1819 

5,035 

315 

671 

225 

1820 

4,723 

296 

658 

»> 

1821 

5,234 

296 

704 

291 

In  1819  there  were — 

l,346infanUstiIUK>m,  754  males,  and  592 

1820  1,337  754  583 

1821  1,414  797  617 

There  died  - 


AllW  Military 

toi^ 

AlllicliMpitib. 

hmpHA. 

fma 

In  1819    8,010  of  which  4,289  women ; 

737 

57 

1820    8,293                4,510 

611 

98 

1821    7,795                4,020 

634 

64 

Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES.  445 

Accidental  and  violent  deaths,  voluntary  and  involuntary. 

In  i8i9  asphyxias 46,  of  which  Gwomra. 

4820                                                  29  18 

482i                                                   32  43 

In  4819^clitto  by  charcoal 31  14 

4820                                                   25  41 

1821                                                   25  44 

In  4819  ditto  by  suffocation  .    ...       9  3 

4820  44  3 

4821  6  3 
In  1819  by  drowning 190  33 

1820  188  44 

1821  498  32 
In  4849byfans 65  24 

4820                                                 87  29 

4824                                                   66  25 

In  4819  by  burning 41  22 

4820                                                   eS  44 

4824                                                  58  42 

In  1819  by  sharp  instruments    ...    54  — 

4820                                                   47  -- 

4824                                                   61  5 

In  4819  by  fractures,  contusions  and 

falling  in  of  earth,  etc.    .     .    77  24 

4820  448  38 
4824                                                     84  20 

In  1819  by  fire-arms 34  — 

1820                                                    31  3 

4821  35  — 
In  1819  cmshed  by  carriages     ...    12  6 

1820                                                    49  3 

4821                                                     44  2 

In  1819  by  strangulation 24  5 

1820                                                    20  5 

4821                                                    24  I 

In  1819  by  poison ^12  7 

1820  '46  8 

1821  44  5 
In  1819  suicides,  of  which  the  means  of 

destruction  arc  unknown    .44  13 

1820  49  20 

1821  40  14 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


^ 


A46  APPBHDIX. 

In  I8l9assatsiiiaied     ...'...      4,of  which  — wo»c». 

1820  6  2 

1821  3  1 
In  1819  executed 1  — 

1820  3  — 

1821  3  — 


717 

228 

657 

177 

Toul  1819 
1820 
4821 

As  many  suicides  are  committed  without  the  boonds  of  Paris, 
paiticularly  by  drowning,  the  number  given  abore  cannot  coarey 
an  exact  idea  of  the  suicides  committed  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
capital.  A  more  correct  notion  may  be  formed  by  the  following  list 
of  those  which  ha?e  taken  place  in  the  department  of  the  Seine : — 

There  were  in  the  department  of  the  Seine— 

Id  Ui^ mrauicr  tlwrv  ww 
UonMrricd.      )Uitm4. 

In  1819,  Suicides  376,  of  which  126  women.  196  180 

1820  325  114  157  168 

1821  348  112  185  163 

Of  the  suicides  of  these  three  years,  25,  20,  and  35,  were  attn-- 
buted  to  love,  and  52,  42,  43,  to  despair  arising  from  miscond 
gaming,  the  lottery,  etc.     But  the  causes  of  one-fourth  of  the 
ddes  are  unknown. 

In  the  deaths  of  the  three  years,  there  died  of  the  small-pot— 

In  1819      355,  of  which  156  females,  and  128  above  3  years  of  age. 

1820  105  46  45 

1821  272  125  97 

Nevertheless  in  these  three  years  there  were  946,  861,  antf  1,137 
persons  Tacdnated  gratuitously. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


447 


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Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


448 


APPENDIX. 


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l^i 


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STATISTICAL  TABLES.  449 

Suaement  pf  the  Cansumptmn  of  Paris  m  1818. 

522,891  hectolitres  of  wine. 
40,343      ditto      of  brandy. 

•22,950  '  ditto      of  cider  and  perry. 
83,407      ditto      of  beer. 
14,211      ditto      ofyinegar. 

73,870  oxen;  9,064  cows;  77,767  calTCf;  335,616  sheep; 
62,406  hogs  and  wild  boars;  366,354  kilogrammes  of  meat  sold 
without  weighing;  180,901  ditto  of  offal;  1,151,113  francs  worth 
oi  cheese;  2,825,567  francs  worth  of  sea-fish |  673,926  ditto  of 
oysters ;  456,578  ditto  of  fresh-water  fish ;  6,689,318  ditto  of  poultry 
and  game;  11,114,097  ditto  of  butt^  and  eggs;  6,013  hectolitres 
of  olire  oil;  32,595  ditto  of  other  oil;  714.790  kilogrammes  of 
tobacco  and  snuff;  899,054  steres  of  hard  wood;  122,246  ditto  of 
white  wood;  1,613,569  hectolitres  of  charcoal;  503,372  ditto  of 
coals;  8,743,093  trusses  of  hay  and  lucerne;  10,625,627  ditto  of 
straw;  879,681  hectolitres  of  oats;  27,270  steres  of  o«k and  hard 
timber ;  2,433,355  metres  courans  of  ditto  for  sawing ;  4^,687  steres 
of  fir  and  white  wood ;  3,498,505  metres  courans  of  ditto  for  sawing ; 
33,442  hectolitres  of  lime;  1,247,700  ditto  of  plaster  of  Paiis ; 
5,996,785  thousands  of  hvrge  slates  ;  219,362  ditto  of  small  ditto  ; 
2,890,244  ditto  of  bricks;  3,770,519  ditto  of  tiles;  4,043,454  ditto 
of  square  pavements ;  111,852  hundreds  of  bundles  of  laths. 

According  to  notes  taken  by  the  police  in  1811,  a  part  of  the 
consumption  of  poultry  and  game  consisted  of  931,000  pigeons; 
174,000  ducks ;  1,289,000  chickens:  251,000  capons;  549,000  tur- 
keys ;  328,000 geese ;  131,000 partridges;  177,000 rabbits;  29,000 
hares. 


DeeU^Ts  in  EatabUs. 

Paris  contains  560  bakers*  shops>  355  butchers'  shops  or  stalls, 
265  porkshops,  927  restaurateurs,  traiteurs,  and  inn^ke^rs,  325 
pastry-cooks  andrdtisseurs,  2,333  retail  dealers  in  wine,  1,466  re- 
tail grocers,  1 ,767  fruiterers,  281  cc^tichandlers,  787  limonadiers^ 
416  rctafl  dealers  in  brandy,  87  distillers,  74  eonfectiouers,  51  cho- 
colate makers,  10*  venmceUiers,  5  ItaGan  warehouse  men,  and 
52  milkmen. 

There  are  3,000  dealers  who  hare  covered  places  in  the  markets ; 
1,749  milk-women  who  have  places  in  the  public  sti^eets,  and  326 
graziers  who  supply  milk  to  a  part  of  the  ibhabitants. 

VOL.   III.  2  F 


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^50  APPENDIX. 

Tabic  of  the  principal  manufcMure^  in  Cold 
in  Paris  during  the  year  1821. 

Number  of  ihe  establishments  exerc^  in  an  sTcnee  j^m  W 
Waminty-Oflke  :— 

i.  In  a  special  manner :— 500  jewellers  (gold) ;  fdO<iiaB(dR 
60  ditto  (precious  stones);  20  Jdzeromistcs ;   25   gold  mk  m. 
melters;  50orDarotet  makers;  52  tilfersmiths  (senica  afj^ 
20  ditto  '(spoon-makers);  45  ditto  ^aU  articles);    25  umk  i 
mounters;  10  llatteners;  40 embossers;  10  carrers;  ^ nAhn 

2.  In  an  accessory  manner:— 25  spectacle-makers;  W 
cutlers;   60  armourers;   40  sword-cutlers;   50 
plated  goods ;  5  gold  wire  drawers.     ToUl,  i;247 

They  use  during  an  arerage  year : — 

At  tbe  nte  of 
Uienurk. 
Gold.  tt,  Marks.  fr  t 

1.  0.920  790  2  l,580i 

2.  0.840.  721  248         1783081     JJCtJff 

3.  0.750     .        654  8,000      5,152,000/ 

Total  of  the  gold,  8,250 

At  th«  rtte  of 
Ihe  mark. 
Silvor.  fr.     c.  Marls.   -  fr. 

2.      0.800  44  25  18,000         796,5(»f  ^-^  ** 

Total  of  the  silver,      180,000 


The  expenses  for  an  arerageyear  %rt: — 

1.  Pint:hases  of  bullion,  as  above, ff^  Wi 

2.  Manual  labour,  tbe  wages  of  which  varies  from 

3fr.  to  5fr.  for  the  men,  and  from  1  fr.  50  c. 
to  2fr.  50c.  for  the  women,  may  be  estimated 

at SMJm 

Divided  between  7  or  8,000  hands,  of  which 
1000  are  women.  The  lauer  are  employed  in 
setting  jewels,  poUshipg  and  piercing. 

3.  Expense  of  warranty  sUQipt  amounU  to     .     .     .  MW 

4.  Expense  of  firing,  lighting,  rent,  licenses,  aod  in- 

terest of  capital  for  first  establiskn At^  not  to 
be  estimated  in  the  maM. 

Total,  2iJ3BlS9 


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STATISTICAL  TABLES.  451 

The  receipts  ior  an  ayerage  year  consist  of: — 

.  The  eale  of  manufactured  goods,  according  to  the 
dechurations  of  exporters  relative  to  the  value 
of  their  exportations  (declarations  which  were 
carefully  exainined  for  i821,  by  the  Warranty- 
office).  The  product  of  these  goods  may  be 
estimated  at — 

ist,  For  gold  bullion. 

Intrinsic  value  of  the  gold, 5,332,388 

Workmanship,  878fr.  41  c.  the  mark,  .     .     .      7,246,882 

Yalue  of  the  gold  Wrought, i 2,579,270 

2d,  For  silrer  bullion. 

Intrinsic  value  of  the  silver, 9,220,500 

Workmanship,  31  fr.  8c.  th« mark  .     T    .     .      5,594,400 

Value  of  the  wrought  silver, 14,814,900 

Value  of  the  two  metals, 27,394470 

Z,  Profit  upon  ar^es  exchanged  and  mended,  impos- 
sible to  make  a  valuation. 

•   27,394,170 

The  average  weight  for  twenty-three  years  of  the  articles  of  plate 
and  jewellery  which  have  paid  the  warranty  duty  is  4,458  marks  o£ 
gold,  and  114,116  marks  of  silver. 
The  value  of  the  articles  exported  firom  Paris  to  foreign 
countries,  according  to  the  accounts  of  the  Guston^ 
-   house,  taking  upon  an  average  1818, 1819,  and  1820  is     ' 

Gold  and  silver  gilt  plate 144,871 

•       Ditto  trinkets 1,220,837 

Silverplate 684,333 

Ditto  trinkets 83  444 

Total    ....     2,133,485 

The  total  of  all  the  articles  made  at  Paris,  and  not  sold  in  France, 
daring  the  year  1819,  is  1,953  kil.  of  gold,  value  5,157,534  fr.  60c' 
and 71,313  kil.  of  silver,  value  14,921,205 fr.  94c. 


2f 


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^ 


452  APPENDIX. 

Trade  in  Clocks  and  fVatckes  in  the  city  of  Paris  durinf: 
the  year  1822. 

In  Paris  there  srt  520  e*UblitbineoU  for  clock  and  watcli-inikiBi|^. 
of  which  245  art  shops  (or  common  goods,  15  shops  for  6iie  goods, 
200  private  rooms,  and  60  factors.  Common  dock  and  waiti^ 
making  employs  1,000  workmen,  fine  ditto  56,  aad  riyairs  1.000. 
The  number  of  movements  used  for  common  goods  is  80,000  ■ 
gold,  and  40,000  in  silver ;  for  fine  goods,  300  gold  moremcBls  are 
used.  Of  the  movements,  15,000  come  from  the  departments,  aad 
of  these  nine-tenths  are  brought  from  Dieppe  and  one^eoth  hvm 
Jappy.  For  common  goods  the  gold  used  is  1,528  kilognuBses,  al 
the  rate  of  five  drachms  per  watch;  and  the  siWer  is  1,223  kil»» 
grammes  6  grammes,  at  the  rate  of  one  ounce  per  watch.  Tbe  ^oU 
used  for  fine  goods  is  1 1  kilogrammes  46  grammes,  at  the  rate  c^  10 
drachms  per  vratch.  The  value  of  the  frames  of  time-pieces  la 
bronze,  marble,  alabaster,  japan-ware,  wood,  crystal,  etc.  Cor  tka 
movements  made  use  of,  aipounts  to  15,000  francs. 

The  rent,  taxes,  etc.  of  a  watch*maker  in  a  shop  amuuiic  to 
4 ,100fr. ;  lor  a  watch-maker  in  private  rooms,  575  fr. :  for  a  lactor, 
4,300  fr. ;  or  for  an  e^blishment  taken  upon  the  average,  920 fr. 
Tbe  total  amount  of  rent,  etc.  for  common  clock  and  watdn 
making,  is  478,400  fr.  The  toul  wages  of  the  2,056  woHuaea 
employed  is,  for  common  goods,  1 ,500,000  fr. ;  for  fine  goods, 
468,000  fr.;  and  for  repaii-s,  1 ,500.000 fr. ;  making  together  the 
sum  of  3,168,000lr.  Thus  tbe  tola(  expense  of  clock  aad  wu^ 
makif^,  including  repairs,  is  i^6,306,356  fr.  50  c.  Tbe  aaaaal  i^ 
of  common  goods  is  80,000  gold  watches,  at  the  average  pbca  el 
440  fr.  each;  40,000  silver  watches,  al  the  average  price  of  3S  fr. 
each ;  and  15,000  tima-pieces,  at  the  average  price  of  250  fr.  aach. 
In  fine  goods,  the  annual  sale  is  300  gold  watches,  of  which  a  ikird 
are  sold  at  the  average  price  of  2,400 fr.  each;  a  third  al  l,25#fr. 
each;  anda  third  at  650ir.  each.  The  total  product  of  the  sale  tf 
common  goods  IS  16,350,000 fr.;  of  fine,  4 1 5,000 fr.;  «kI  of  both 
logethcr,  1 6,765,000  fr.  The  amount  produced  by  repaira,  i 
al  doable  the  sum  paid  to  the  workmen,  b  3,000,000fr. 


There  are  in  Paris  (1822)  103  maniifaolorfes   of 
lamps,  candelabras,  lustres,  and  omaaaaats,  of  every  kasd  hr 
tore,  decoration,  etc.  of  which  the  first  establishment  of  each,  upon 
an  average  (including  models),  cost  33,000  fr.     They  employ  JK^ 


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STATISTICAL  TABLES.  453 

Danrers,  250  gilders  and  platers^  90  founders  and  finkhers,  ani 
200  turners,  at  the  average  wages  of  six  fhincs  per  day.  Tlie  ralue 
of  charcoal  consumed  is  44i,000fr.  Thej  nse  460,000  kHogrammes 
of  German  or  Swedish  copper,  at  the  rate  of  i  ft*.  50  c.  per  kilo- 
gramme; and  450,000  kHogrammes  of  nature  iron,  wire,  etc.  at  the 
average  rate  of  60  cents,  per  kilogramme.  The  gilding  md  fating 
of  bronzes  amount  to  i,l95,875fi'.  They  use  marble  for  stands, 
frames,  etc.  to  the  value  of  80,000  fr. ;  and  4,000  movements  for 
time- pieces,  at  the  average  rate  of  450  fr.  each,  or  to  the  value  of 
420,000  fr.  The  rents,  etc.  at  the  rate  of  650  fr.  for  each  establi^- 
ment  upon  an  average,  amount  to  68^250  fr. ;  the  interdit  of  the 
capital  employed,  reckoned  at  six  per  cent,  per  Annum,  amounts  to 
207,900  fr. ;  the  woilmen's  wages  is  14209,600  fr.  Total  expense, 
4,087,625  fr.  The  product  of  the  average  annual  sale  of  gilt 
bronzes,  etc.,  amounts  to  5,250,000 fr.,  which  leaves  a  profit  of 
4,462,375  fr. 


For  curiosities  in  marble,  indudii^  mosaic  work,  there  are  in 
Paris  three  manufactories,  whose  annual  sale  amounts  to  about 
250,000  fr. 


Gauzes,  Bareges,  Shawls,  Tissues,  etc.  in  the  year  1821. 

There  are  in  Paris,  the  environs,  and  in  Picanfy,  65  manufhc- 
tories  of  gauze,  barkges,  shawls,  ete. ,  of  above  five  looms.  The 
number  of  looms  for  Paris  is  844,  of  which  56  are  for  gauzes,  385 
for  shawls  of  silk  and  wool  mixed,  and  370  for  Menno  ahawls. 
These  establishments  employ  3,270  weavers,  of  which  three-fourths 
are  men  and  one-fourth  women,  at  the  average  wages  of  4  fr.  per 
day ;  3,270  windsters,  of  which  one-eighth  are  men  and  seven- 
eighths  women,  at  the  average  wages  of  4  fr.  20  c.  per  day ;  and 
4,716  children,  of  which  three-fourths  are  boys  and  one^burUi  girk, 
at  the  average  wages  of  70  cents,  per  day.  They  employ  moreover 
750  other  hands,  such  as  clippers,  warpsters,  dyers,  etc.  at  the 
average  wages  of  2fr.  50  c.  per  day.  Thus  the  total  amount  of 
wages  is  5,233^^8  fr.  These  estabUshmento  use  for  gauzes  and 
hariges  42,409  kilogrammes  37  grammes  of  French  silk ;  for  shawb 
of  silk  and  wool,  5,4  44  kilogrammes  4  4  gramm«i  of  Piedmontese  silk, 
and  428,800  kibgrammes  of  Merino  wool ;  for  shawb  of  floss  silk, 
370  kOogrammes  37  grammes  of  Piedmontese  silk;  at  the  average 

price  of  80  fr.  per  kilogramme  for  French  silk,  of  90  fr.  for  Pied- 


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454  APPENDIX. 

piontese  sdk,  and  of  25  fr.  for  Merino  wooL  Tbey  obs,  wmnmr 
other  wool  to  liie  amount x>f  i, 943,750 fr^  wadQam  jSk  to  the  lar 
of  i66,666fr.66c-  ,  Total,  6,792,500 fr. 

The  expense  of  repairing  the  looms,  the  inlerest  oT  capibL  m. 
are  estimated  at  1,419,252  fr.  The  general  total  cC  t^  ^m. 
expense  for  all  the  establishments  b  i3^S3SflOO  £r. 

Upon  an  average,  they  manufacture  annnaliy  gaoMS  i»  ft 
Take  of  2,790,000fr. ;  shawls  of  silk  and  wool  muLed^  S^X^iWa. 
Merino  shawb,  3,480,000 fr.;  and  shawk  of  flontt&,  46ijmt 
Total  of  the  annual  sales,  15,271, 600  fir. 

The  annual  exportation  to  foreign  oountriet  is, 
gauze  to  the  amount  of  328,512  fr.,  and  thawb  of 
4.407,608 fr.;  making  a  total  of  4,736,120  fr. 


In  the  department  af  the  Seine  then  are  52 
factories  (fine)  v  of  which  37  are  worked  by  horses,  two  hj  ataM. 
one  by  watior,  and  the  others  by  manual  labour.     Tlmj  cai^piiy^  ?M 
spinning-jennies,  71  batteries,  548  carding  comba,  ISSiWriyj.  ili 
boudinerieSy  and  393  reels.  The  annual  interest  of  l50gOQO  liuriwi 
at  50  cents,  each,  is  75,000  fr. ;  rentand  taxes,  82,500  fr.  ^c :  t» 
and  lighting,  37,500  fr. ;  Tarious  expenses  and  the  iBtenit  ^^^^ 
advanced  amount  to  I5(),000fr. ;  expense  of  the  finC  crtablialaac 
3,275,900 fr. ;  the  annual  interest,  at  six  percent,  each,  n  i9&i>lfr' 
They  use  750,000  kilogrammes  of  cotton  wool,  at  3,75«UMIfr  . 
including  brokerage  and  waste.    They  empldy  4,835  haodi^  d  ha^ 
sexes  and  all  ages,  at  the  average  daily  wages  of  Ifr*.  2Sc.  mk, 
forming  a  total  of  1,800,000  fr.  per  annum.    The  total  avarf 
expense  of  the  150,000  troches  is  6,091,554  fr.«  sod  of  cschAisrf^ 
45fr,  61c. 

These  150,000  troches  spin  annually  750,000  tilngii—fi  m 
each  five  kilogrammes,  at  the  rate  of  one-eightieth  of  a  kilopM** 
per  skain.  These  results  are  founded  upon  the  wify  !■■<■■  te 
each  troche  tiuns  upon  an  average  7,963.times  in  a  cby ;  bat  ^m 
the  manufsctory  is  in  its  fullest  activity,  the  number  of  the  •■■ 
of  each  troche  may  be  carried  to  12,000  in  the  twelve  hmm  ^ 
bJMur.  In  the  case  of  the  150,000  troches  spivny  I*i3&9 
kilogrammes  per  annum, *a  single  troche  ^>ins  7  \  ilnj^si— ■  i  STC^ 

Of  the  750,000  kilogrammes  of  cotton  qnm  (aboat  fMia-db«««A 
of  the  cotton  spun  in  France,  according  to  M.  ChapteJ)^  flS.IA 
kilogrammes  are  used  for  hosiery.  This  branch  of  iadnstry  occiftf 
1,200  knitten  and  450  bluchers  or  dressers.  The  ronaiiui^  5dS^ 


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.STATISTICAL  TABLES.  455 

kilogrammes  are  used  for  calicoes;  this  branch  employs  3,766 
weavers  and  600  l^leachers.  The  ayerage  expense  of  a  pair  of  hose 
U  for  raw  material,  fr.  0.6&5;  for  spinning,  fr.  0.390;  fi>r  making, 
fr.  0.750 ;  for  bleaching,  fr.  0.200 ;  for  drwsing,  fr.  0.83.  Average 
price,  ir.  2.048.  The  average  expense  of  an  ell  of  calico,  three 
quarters  wide,  is  for  raw  material,  fr.  0.625 ;  for  spinning,  fV.  0.390 ; 
for  weaving,  fr.  0*835;  for  bleaching,  fr.  0.150.  Average  price, 
two  francs. 

The  52  cotton*yam  manufactories,  in  their  fullest  activity,  oen 
spin  1,436,250  kilogrammes  of  cotton.  A  quarter  in  hosiery  would 
produce  2,270,000  pair  of  hose,  which,  at  the  price  calculated 
above,  would  b#  equal  to  4,657,600  fr.  The  three  quarters  in  calico 
would  give  6,818,000  ells,  or  34,900  pieces,  equal  to  1 3,636,000  fr. 
at  the  price  «Btimated  above.  The  two  articles  together  would 
amount  to  18,293,600  fr. 

N.B.  This  statement  is  of  the  year  1813.  In  1821,  there  were 
at  Paris  67  CQtton-yam  manufactories,  which  shows  that  this  branch 
of  industry  has  extended  since  1813.  The  cotton  spun  is  used  by 
44  calico  mannfactArers  and  310  hosiers  or  stocking  manufacturers ; 
but  supposing  the  value  of  the  raw  material  to  be  as  great,  the 
diminution  in  the  expense  of  manufacturing,  occasioned  as  wdl  by 
the  more  general  use  of  machinery  as  by  the  reduction  of  the  price 
bf  weaving,  which  now  is  only  40  cent,  per  ell  for  three-quarters 
wide,  60  cent,  for  four^quarters,  and  65  cent,  for  five-qUarters ;  these 
causes  have  occasioned  such  a  reduction  in  the  cost  price,  that  it 
may  now  bereckoned  at  nearly  two-thirds  ef  that  indicated  for  the 
year  1813. 


In  Paris  and  the  environs  there  are  25  sugar-refineries,  the  value 
of  which  in  buildings,  machinery,  etc.  is  6,300,000  fr. ;  of  this  sum 
the  interest  at  six  per  cent,  amounts  to  378,000  fr.  Upon  an  average 
they  use  annually  16,800,000.  kilogrammes  of  raw  and  clayed  sugar, 
of  die  average  value  of  27,659,520  fr. ,  without  reckoning  one-half 
per  cent,  upon  the  amount  for  brokerage.  Tbey  consume  1 ,680,000 
kilogrammes  of  animal  coal,  at  the  rate  of  18  fr.  per  100  kilo- 
granunes;  151,200  hectolitres  of  fossil  coal,  at  the  average  price 
of  420  fr.  per  100  hectolitres:  5,544  barreb  of  bullocks'  blood,  at 
the  rate  of  675 fr.  per  100  barreb;  1,008,000  eggs,  at  the  leverage 
price  of  6  fr.  25  c.  per  100 ;  474,906  kilogrammes  of  paper,  at  65  fr. 
per  100  kilogrammes ;  94,981  kilogrammes  of  twine,  at  the  rate  of 
120  fr.  per  100  kilogrammes.    Tbey  employ  regularly  598  work- 


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456  APPENDIX. 

inen,  at  dk  arerage  rate  of  2  ft.  74c.  per  day.    With  ihe^ 
of  insurance  against  (ire,  at  one-half  per  cent,  upon  the  i 
the  interest  upon  the  capital  for  one  qnaltcr  of  the  annoal 
ture,  supposing  that  there  is  always  three  months'  stock  oo  1 
it  resulU  that  the  total  expense  of  the  25  refineries  is  30,444,346  £r. 

They  manufacture  10,348,800  kilogrammes  of  loaf-angar,  at  iW 
arerage  price  of  260  fr.  per  100  kilogrammes,  which  with  the  paper 
brings  27 ,965 ,919  (r.  They  likewise  obuin  more  than  2,688,000 
kilogrammes  of  vergeoises^  at  the  average  price  of  120  fr.  per  100 
kilogrammes;  and  3,773,200  kilogrammes  of  molasses,  at  the  armge 
rate  of  40  fr.  per  100  kilogrammes.  Upon  deducting  three  per  ccaft. 
lor  brokerage  and  insurance  of  the  goods,  we  harc^a  total  proAgt 
of  32,700,799 fr.,  which,  alter  the  deduction  of  the  disbuisuniuii, 
leaves  a  profit  of  1,281,052  fr. ;  but  this  is  upon  the  tnu^nmwm 
that  the  manufactories  are  constancy  in  full  activity,  amf  that  ihe 
prices  remain  steady  at  nearly  the  same  rate. 


There  are  in  Paris  (upon  an  arerage)  30  tan-hoaeea,  the  ralnt 
of  which  is  estimated  at  100,000  fr.  in  moveable  property,  aod 
2,150,000  fr.  in  immoveable.  These  eslabUsbmenU  employ  300 
hands,  at  the  average  wages  of  2  fr.  50  c.  per  day.  The  inlsim 
upon  the  value  of  the  moveable  and  immoveable  propeity  is 
1 35,000  fr.  The  total  wages  of  the  workmen  b  180,000  fr.  They 
use  43,500  French  oi-hides,  each  weighing  45  kilogrammes,  at  the 
average  price  of  90  cents,  per  kdogramme;  1,500  foreign  ox-hidca. 
each  weighing  15  kilogrammes,  at  the  average  price  of  2  fr.  30  c. 
per  kilogramme;  4,000  cow-hides,  each  weighing  35  kilo^ammcs, 
at  the  average  price  of  90  cents,  per  kilogramme ;  60,000  calf-tkms, 
each  weighing  six  kilogrammes,  at  the  average  price  of  I  fr.  '20  c. 
per  kilogramme ;  and  8,000  horse-hides,  each  weighing  27  kil»> 
grammes,  at  the  average  price  of  15  fr.  per  hide.  For  the  leather 
tanned  they  use  lime  to  the  value  of  2,450  fr. ;  5,492,500  kil». 
grammes  of  tan  (brought  from  Burgundy  or  Normandy),  at  the 
average  price  of  10  cents,  per  kilogramme ;  48,400  kilogrammes  oi 
alum,  at  tlie  average  price  of  43  cents,  per  kilogramme ;  3025  kil^ 
grammes  of  uUow,  at  the  avenge  price  of  1  fr.  per  kilngi  ■■■■  ; 
and  3,0^5  kilogrammes  of  salt,  at  the  a¥^rage  price  of  44  casts, 
per  kilogramme.  Thns  the  ettinMite  of  the  total  expenditure  if 
3,383,3^38  fr. 

These  establishments  prepare  (in  18  moothsj  31,400  Frsadi  ox- 
hides, at  the  value  of  169,010  fr. ;  1,500  foreign  ditto,  at  81 ,3S3  fr. . 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES.  457 

(in  two  fnomhs,  after  the  Hungarian  mode),  12,100  ox*liides,  at 
tile  yalue  of  567,424  fr.;  (in  12  months),  4,000  cow-hides,  at 
163,310fr.;  (in  12  months),  60,000  calf-skins,  at  588,860  fr.;  (in 
eight  months),  8,000  horse-hides,  at  210,080  fr.  The  product  of  the 
shreds,  hair,  horns,  etc.  amounts  to  86,962  (r.  Thus  the  total  pro- 
duct of  the  tan-houses  is  3,726,979  fr. 

The  tan-houses  scarcely  supply  one-third  of  the  thick'  hides,  one 
twenty-second  of  the  cow-hides,  one-ninth  of  the  calf-skins,  and 
one-third  of  the  horse-hides,  annually  sold  at  Paris.  As  to  hides 
dressed  afker  the  Hungarian  fashion,  they  suffice  for  nearly  one 
twenty-fourth  part  of  the  consumption  of  Paris.  The  arerage  value 
of  dressed  hides  exported  from  Paris  since  1819  is  675,513fr. 


The  32  nunufactories  oifecula  of  potatoes  employ  244  hands,  at 
the  average  wages  of  2  fr.  53  c.  per  day,  and  use  potatoes  to  the 
yalue  of  588,000  fr.  The  produce  is  6,860,000  kOogrammes  of 
green  fecula,  of  the  value  of  960,400  fr. ;  the  total  expense  being 
728,991  fr. 

The  20  dbtilleries,  employing  29  stills  and  58  hands,  whose 
total  wages  amount  to  52,200  fr. ,  and  incurring  an  expense  of 
743,620  fr. ,  produce  13,979  hectolitres  of  brandy,  of  the  value  of 
1,258,160  fr.  40  c.  The  net  produce  of  the  sale  amounts  to 
1,109,880  fr.  76  c. 


There  are  in  Paris  (in  1822)  80  printing-offices,  which  have  600 
presses  in  activity.  The  value  of  the  moveable  property,  such  as 
presses,  type,  etc. ,  amotmts  to  5, 600,000  fr.  The  average  rate  of 
rents,  licences,  taxes,  etc.,  is  216,000 fr.;  the  interest  upon  the 
value  of  the  moveables,  336,000  fr. ;  and  the  expenses  for  repairing 
the  presses,  renewing  the  type,  etc. ,  936,000  fr.  These  establish- 
menu  employ  3,010  hands,  viz.  80  foremen,  70  correctors,  1,400 
compositors,  1,200  pressmen,  and  260  apprentices,  whose  total 
wages  amount  to  2,082,200  fr.  The  hangingand  folding  of  the  printed 
sheets,  at  the  average  rate  of  60  cents,  per  ream,  cost  168,480  fr.  ^ 
The  ink  used  is  20,571  kilogrammes  5  grammes,  at  the  average 
price  of  3fr.  50  c.  per  kilogramme ;  and  the  paper,  280,800  reams, 
at  the  average  price  of  12 fr.  the  ream.  The  interest  of  the  capital 
advanced  by  the  printer  for  the  expenses  of  printing,  and  repaid  by 
the  publisher  at  the  year  s  end,  at  the  rate  of  10  per  cent. ,  upon 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


458  APPENDIX. 

6,628,280  fr.  Thus  die  general  toUl  of  the  expenses  is  7  ;291,I06  ir . 
The  receipts  are  8,749,^29  fr. 

The  proportion  of  the  woriu  of  difiereot  kinds  printed  in  Fnfi 
of  late  years  (periodical  works  not  being  incladed),  may  be  caa»- 
dei-ed  as  follows :— Theology,  7 ;  iurisprudence,  5;  airU  aad  ab- 
ences,  20;  politics,  16;  belles  lettres,  28;  history,  24. 

To  resume:  the  average  price  of  composing  and  drmwia^  ^ 
}000  copies  of  a  printed  sheet  may  be  reckoned  at  58lr.  By  i  i  Jrc 
theyabieof  1000  sheets^  or  two  reams  of  paper,  24  fr.^  tbeexpcw 
of  a  printed  sheet  of  which  1000  copies  are  drawn  off  (paper  in* 
eluded)  is  62  francs. 


I 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


459 


Falue  of  goods  exported  from 
1820,  according  to  duties 

fr. 

Oraameatal  arms.    •  .  r  195,487 

GheismeD,  dominos^  etc.  iiO^OTS 

GillframiDg  .....    .  7d,526 

Wincf 88,«)9 

Vinegar 22,509 

Dif tilM  liqaors     ....  S2,I60 

Gandlet 916 

WronghtWax 7,4J6 

Ink 26,456 

Varnhh 0A,95S 

CuUery 112,547 

•*ncils 41,922 

Wrougfal  copper   ....  68,207 

Ditto  tin 11,681 

Farin$ux  (Italian  pastes) .  9,906 

Wire 57,575 

Wrought  iroQ 114,205 

Iron  earbotudS 78,578 

Felt 500,050 

Golonred  thread    ....  5,859 

Golonred  sewing  cotton  .  15,708 

White  ditto 1^604 

Seeds 27,671 

Clocks  and  Watfllies    .   .  1,245,546 
Wheels,  springs,  etc.  used 

in  ditto 8,420 

Toob 59,295 

Type 91,251 

Carding  combs 24,996 

Machines  and  mechanism  82,691 

Scientific  instruments  .  .  166,410 

Musical  Instruments    •  .  190,505 

Prepared  medicines     .   .  91,255 

Common  haberdashery    .  1,455,714 

Fine  ditto 1,450,507 

Plated  meUls 508,484 

Double  phited  and  gilt  do.  2,145,979 

Japanned  and  watered  do.  858^665 


Carried  forward  .  .  9,725,209 


Paris  for  foreign  countries  in 
paid  at  the  CusUmirHouse. 

fr.     ' 
Brought  forward   .  9,725,209 

Gold  leaf 15,649 

Gold  or  silver  gilt  plate  .  845,225 
Trinkets  of  gold  or  silrer 

gUt 1,189,177 

Platina  goods 4,925 

Platina  trinkets 1,456 

Silver  plate 591,067 

TrinkeU  in  silver  ....  75,682 

Furniture  .  ' 771,788 

Millinery 2,222,808 

Artificial  flowers  ....  549,567 

Mustard 58,445 

Natural  History     ....  14,55^ 

Curiosities 4,784 

Bronze  statues  and  busts  .  5,600 

Marble  ditto 24,864 

Pictures 458,704 

Drawings 6,548 

Medals 14,628 

MiU-boards 142,550 

White  paper 106,662 

Coloured  ditto  for  binding  51 ,515 

Ditto  ditto  for  hangings  .  717,856 

Books 2,585,871 

Maps 45,858 

Bngravings 790,250 

Music  books    ......  75,727 

Silkumbrellu 566,445 

Perfumery  ..;....  965,119 

Dressed  skins 747,849 

Wrought  ditto 1,642,577 

Unvrrought  furs    ....  258,804 

Wrought  ditto 12,000 

Native  pearls  (not  set) .    .  580,05^ 

Wrought  marble  ....  4,744 

Wrought  alabaster    .   .   .  19,245 

Plaster  casts 12,456 

Carried  forward.  .  25,252,996 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


AGO 


APPENDIX. 


Broagbt  forward   .  25,t52«996 

CarUm  picm  ......  640 

DiamoDcb   aod  coloared 

gemt  (not  fet)    .   .   •   .'  479,200 

DrcM  featheft &25,i74 

Merino  wool ii0v69S 

Spon  wool ,  65,512 

Earthenware 47,022 

Porcelain 1,835,726 

Chemical  tabatances    .   •  57,801 

Sadlery 118,674 

SweetmeaU 44,746 

Sewing  iilk 76,195 

Woitiog  Bilk 5,255 

7a^/effer»e(Tanbridge  ware)  562,475 
Sabfltances  for  dyeing  and 

tanning 212,679 

Linen  cloth 164,226 

Cambric  and  lawn    .   .  .  1,445,548 

Lace 109,664 


Thread  hoaierj  . , . 

Tapea 

BlankeU 

Carpets 

Caiimirt     •   •    .   . 

Woollen  cloth 2,092,944 

Shawla 1,075,029 

Wonted  hotiery    ....         58,450 
Friogca,  corda,  binding!, 

etc 

Angola  shawb 

Angola  hoae    .  ' 

Tiaanca  of  horse-hair    .  . 
*  Carried  forward 


8,826 

7,505 

8,918 

29,525 

149,186 


59,555 

5,848 

7,217 

44,496 


54,595,117 


Brooght  fi>rward  . 
S%  manofoctared  gooda  • 
Silk  and  wonted  shawk  . 
G^ntfiM    ........ 

Crapes 

TuUe 

Blonde  lace    ....«• 

Silkhose 

Gold  and  ailTer   lniigna« 

epanlettea,  etc 

ImiUtioQ  ditto 

Ditto  aam  mrffangia    .   .   . 

Bibboos 

Sakhata 

Bleached  dothaO 
Printed  calicoea    . 
Quilting  for 
Cotton  shawla  and  haad- 

kerchiefii 

Cotton  coonterpanea  •   • 
Cotton  boaterj  •  •  •  .  . 

Cotton  hats 

Nankeens 

Cotttn  fringea,  hindiam 

etc 

Baaketwork 

Ditto  of  another  teztore  . 
Straw  and  willow  hata  •   • 

Plate  glass 

Glassware. 

Carriages    and    carriage 

■?•*■§» 

Total 


saMn 

»w7n 


vjm 


M» 


54,3A» 


MlJCt 


4M7W 


In  the  preceding  year  the  goods  exported  amoonftd  to  48326,891  fr 
In  1821  they  amoonted  to  46,049,052  fr.    The  total  anoniit  ofgoe^ 
exported  from  France  in  1820,  according  to  the  acconntsof  the  < 
general  of  the  customs,  was  estimated  at  450,000,0006:. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABXIS.  A61 

The  annual  amount  of  gilt  and  plated  metal  goods  exported  to 
foreign  countries  from  Paris,  in  a  common  year,  is  2,000,000  fr. 
They  consist  of,  i.  New  articles  in  gilt  bronze,  which  are  Talyed  at 
betweea  500,000  and  600,000  fr.  2.  Ancient  bronzes,  purchased 
at  sales  by  auction.  3.  Various  articles,  such  as  lamps,  yases,  etc., 
which  are  merely  ornamented  with  bronze.  4.  Metal  buttons,  and 
other  gilt  and  plated  goods,  not  bronzes. 


The  total  nnmber  of  doors  and  windows  towards  the  end  of  1821 
was  920,238.  The  number  built  or  re-opened  between  1807  and 
1821  inclusive  was  57,496.  The  number  demolished,  either  by  the 
owners  or  for  the  public  utility,  was  34,342.  The  number  demo- 
Ibhed  for  the  public  utility  was  14,907.  ,      • 

The  total  number  of  houses  being  26,801,  and  that  of  doors  and 
windows  920,238,  the  aTcrage  number  of  doors  and  windows  in 
each  Imuse  is  about  34  one-third. 

The  number  of  doors  and  windows  built  or  re-opened  daring  the 
space  of  fifteen  years  being  57,496,  the  mass  of  buildings  constructed 
within  the  same  space  forms  nearly  one-sixteenth  of  tdl  the  existing 
structures. 

By  taking  as  a  sotle  of  comparison  a  detached  quartier  (the  Isle 
of  Saint  Louis),  where  there  are  8,823  doors  and  windows,  it  will 
be  fouiid  that  the  houses  built  during  the  last  fiAeen  years  form  a 
mass  six  times  and  a  half  as  great  as  all  those  of  the  Isle  of  Saint 
Louis ;  but  if  we  deduct  the  demolitions  that  have  taken  place,  in 
order  to  ascertain  the  real  increase  alone,  we  find  that  this  increase  im 
equal  to  twice  and  one-third  of  the  edifices  of  the  Isle  of  Saint  Louis. 
The  real  increase  during  the  last  fifteen  years  is  about  the  fortieth 
part  of  all  the  edifices  existing  in  the  capital.  The  nearest  calcu- 
lation is  1  to  39-74.     • 

By  a  comparison  of  the  above  numbers,  it  is  easy  to  ascertain 
npon  an  average  the  duration  of  a  house  in  the  capital.  It  is  natural 
to  suppose  that  the  mass  of  edifices  increases  annually  in  a  pro- 
portion obviously  steady ;  that  is  to  say,  that  the  masv  of  ekisting 
edifices,  of  those  built,  and  of  those  dcsnolished,  preserve  the  same 
proportions  to  each  other,  it  follows  that  the  demolitiotts  of  the 
last  fiAeen  years  (34,342  doors  and  windows)  represent  tfie  con- 
structions which  were  executed  when  the  total  existing  class  was 
only  549,652;  for  the  proportion  of  57,496  to«34,342  is  that  of 
920,238  to  549,652.  Now  it  is  easy  to  ascertain  at  what  period 
there  existed  only  549,652 ;  for  the  actual  increase  being  as  i  to 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


462  APPENDIX. 

39-74  in  fifteen  years,  we  find  by  the  regular  caknlatioe  of  (^ 
trieal  progression  that  310  years  and  one-fiAh  are  requiied  to  orj 
the  nomber  of  549,652  to  920,238.  It  may  therefore  be  mii-^*  I 
that  the  average  duration  of  a  hduse  in  the  capital  is  aboot  3lf 
years. 

It  is  necessary  to  remark,  that  this  calnilation  is  merely  j 
to  give  a  general  idea  of  the  result ;  for  divers  canaes  may 
the  proportion  between  the  houses  existing,  erected,  or  C 
to  vary ;  and  particularly  those  demolitions  required  by  ] 
or  on  account  of  decay.  Thus  the  average  dnratioQ,  as  a 
is  not  only  determined  by  thie  antiquity  of  the  constrOctiofea,  W< 
likewise  by  events  dependent  upon  the  acts  of  the  public  «&■■»> 
tration. 


Produce  of  Houses  or  Lodgings  let  in  Paris.  (Takem  frmm 
the  list  of  the  personal  taxes  for  1820.^^ 

In  4820,  the  total  amount  of  the  rents  of  hooies  or 
declared  by  the  proprietors,  was  56,78!  ,275  fr. 

This  sum  does  not  show  the  total  amount  received,  hnraiMi  rt 
comprises  only  one-fourth  of  nvhat  is  paid  for  re^df^Btrmthmd 
lodgings,  the  remaining  three-fourths  being  regarded  as  the  pn^ 
duct  of  industry.  By  adding,  therefore,  tbese  three-4icMrlhs 
(2,743,528  fr.  20  c.),  we  have  for  the  totaF amount  of  aftthcWswcs 
and  lodgings  let  in  Paris  the  sum  of  59,524,803 fr.  20c  TW  i 
lation  of  Paris  being  713,966,  the  average  sum  of  each 
for  4odgings  is  89  fr.  37  e. 

The  rents  of  unoccupied  houses,  or  lodgings,  are 
amount  to  740,588  fr.  The  average  amount  of  each,  takaif  the 
twelve ammdissemens  together,  being 289fr.  6 c,  there  ere 2,561 
bouses  or  lodgings  unoccupied,  or  thirteen  out  of  every  thoeMad. 
This  proportion  varies  in  each  arrondissemeni. 

The  number  of  the  licences,  for  an  average  year,  »ay  be  eift- 
mated  at  36,000.    The  total  amount  of  the  rents  of  tbe 
dealers  of  every  class  amoonting  to  27,305,211  fr.^  the  rate  of  < 
is  758  fr.  47  c. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISnCAL  TABLES.  463 

Navigation  of  the  Seine.* 

In  1821,  there  ar^ed  at  Paris  by  the  Seine  6,048  boats  of  ereiy 
Vind ;  yiz.  from  the  Upper  Seine,  460  barquettes^  17  fishing-smacks, 
505  barges,  109  passage-boats,  16  fly-boats,  1,245  margottas,  2,240 
coupled  margottas^  and  1,000  toues;  and  by  the  Lower  Seine,  14 
Picardy  barges,  413  Normandy  ditto,  22  steam-boats,  3  fishing- 
smacks,  10  passage-boats,  1  JtattCj  2  toues^  and  1  raft.  There 
arriTed  in  the  Upper  Seine,  by  the  Aube,  461  boats;  by  the  Yonne, 
912;  bytheMame,  769;  and  by  the  canals,  2,353,  of  which  2,222 
were  toues. 

The  margoUas  employed  above  Montereau  are  boats  11  metres 
in  length,  and  can  carry  5,500  kilogrammes ;  the  Martoe  boats  and 
the  barquettes  employed  bdow  Montereau  are  of  much  larger  di- 
mensions; a  Mamese  boat  is  37  metres  long,  and  can  carry  250,000 
kilogrammes;  a  barquette  is  23  metres,  and  can  carry  125,000 
kilogrammes;  a  Normandy  barge  is  58  metres  long,  and  carries 
500,000  kilogranunes;  the  Picardy  barges',  which,  carry  from  225,000 
to  ^X),000  kilogrammes^  are  from  32  to  42  metres  in  length. 

The  total  number  of  all  the  boats  which  arrived  at  Paris  in  1821, 
was  11,034. 

In  the  same  year  there  arrived  at  Paris,  by  the  Upper  Seine, 
2,134  floats,  coupons  and  parts ^  of  wood;  by  the  Aube,  208;  by 
the  Yonne,  64,823;  by  the  canals,  69;  by  the  Mame,  2,169.  A 
common  float  is  70  metres  17  centimetres  in  length,  and  4  metres 
^S  centimetres  in  width ;  a  sluice-float  is  of  much  smaller  dimeo- 
sionsr  in  order  to  be  able  to  pass  the  sluices ;  a  cotqjon  is  the 
eighteenth  part  of  a  float,  bemg  only  12  feet  long ;  a  paH  is  com- 
posed o£  coupons^  and  fcurms  half  a  float. 

The  number  of  boaiai  that  departed  £rom  Paris  was  902,  of  which 
21  were  steam-boats  and  135  floats  of  wood. 

The  avenge  annual  number  of  craft  and  boats  of  every  kind 
which  arrive  at  Paris  b  from  11,000  to  13,000.  The  pumber  that 
depart  is  1 ,000,  the  rest  being  broken  up. 

The  two  branches  of  the  canal  which  are  now  forming*  from  the 
Seine  to  the  Seine  will  affi)^d  a  passage  for  1,900  boats. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


464 


APPENDIX. 


Table  of  the  Hospitals  and  Hospices  of 


Niim>ier  of  Arcn^  Bonbcr  adnul- 
led  uiaiultf . 


Beaajon 

Saint  Lonb. . . . 
Saint  Antoine.. 
U6tel  Dieo.'... 

LaPiti« 

La  Charity 

Eofans 

Necker. •% 

Gochio 

AccoQchement. 


V^b^rieoa  (ioclo-^ 
ding  100  out  door) 
patieottf) I 

Sftiat«  Purine 

Incnrablet  hommea. 

Oiph^Iini,S00  boya 
SOO  girb 

liteagfff  ..«•«••••• 

Iflcnvablea  fonunet.' 

Enfant  troat^B 

Salp«td«re,  S,95a\ 
panpers,  700  la- 1 
aatica,  S50  pa-/ 
tientg ' 

Bic^tre 

Maison  de  Retraite. 


140 
1,050 
250 
1,262 
600 
500 
600 
156 
100 


550 


650 


175 
450 

600 

•14 
500 
250 

5,000 
150 


15,678 


Meiv 

770 
4,524 
1,216 
6,052 
1,282 
2.565 
1,272 
561 
604 


1,448 


10^72 


W( 


604 
2.542 

i,oa 

4,522 
754 
5M 
951 
595 
618 


2,105 


1,545 


105.045 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


465 


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Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


466  ArPElTDIX. 

In  i84f  the  paupers  in  the  ho^ices  and  hoiphalsof  Piiii— ■ 
to  9,74S  indiTidtmb,  ^hich  may  be  diTidBd  into  tW  M^ 
classes : — ^Infants  at  die  breast  11  ;  ditto  under  a^  529 ;  te  r 
phans  551 ;  foundlings  180 ;  paupers  without  specific  fniM 
3,386 ;  ditto  without  calling  1,235 ;  old  serranU  o£  die  kt^  tk\ 
214  scientific  men  and  artists,  including  iOI  sclinul—wi  ' 
painters ;  506  persons  holding  ciril,  military,  or  pcifHe  di* 
555  dealers,  including  101  fruitereiis;  111  rentiers;  238 «di* 
tics ;  5,130  working  persons  of  eveiy  kind,  iarlndiiy  0f  m^» 
makers ;  335  shoemakers  ;  324  washerwomen  ;  208  Ciikn.  ^ 
spinners ;  193  joiners  ;  178  gardeners  ;  160  majoos;  lgmfc»a> 
ers;  106  wig-makers;  103  bbcksmiths ;  1,726  yctmmi  i0^ 
labourers;  1,385  persons  on  wages  or  hire,  indodimOaV 
Tants,  and  123  maid-terrants. 


In  1820  the  bureaux  de  charite  reliered  37,541 
sbting^  of  20,495  men,  32,615  women,  16,691  hojui'J^^ 
forming  a  total  of  86,870  individuals.  Thej  diitfA^  ^'  1* 
loaves ;  1 35,220  kil.  of  meat :  151  sacks  of  floor ;  73,425  fAM  - 
soup ;  803  sUres  of  fire-wood ;  56,556  faggots  nd  hondki  d  v^ 
23,334  metres  of  linen  cloth;  9,120  coA;  1.499 klMi<<i.  1^ 
straw  mattresses;  7,090  pair  of  wooden  shoci;  md.  454pMnka 
child-bed  linen. 


Mont  de  Pi6U. 

I 
In  1821  effects  were  pawned  at  the  Mont  de  Fiiti        fr-        | 

to  the  amount  of i$jUt0^  -  j 

Which  gives  the  Talue  of  each  article »'l 

The  amount  of  those  redeemed  was liiAr>  ^ 

Of  those  re-pawned 3^1* 

Of  those  sold ~,>» 

Thus  the  average  value  of  ao  article  redeemed  is    .  ^ 

The  average  amoont  for  six  years  from  1816  to  1821 

inclusive,  is — 

EffecUpavmed IS^lW* 

Those  redeemed     .    % IS^'* 

In  1821  there  were  pawned  in  the  1st  division  (plate, 

jeweb,  diamonds,  cacheQures,etc.)to  tbeamouBt of    ijM^ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAI.  TABLES.  ,  467 

be  2d  (plate,  jeweb,  diamonds,  lace,  cachemiret, 
rooUen  and  Ikien  cloths,  musliof ,  cambrics,  etc. 

I  pieces)  to  the  amount  of 3,700,872    0 

he  3d  (aiTOs,  bronzes,  curiosities,  furnitore,  car^ 

ets, linen,  wearing-^apparel,  etc)  to  the  amount  of     1,028,293    0 

he  4th  (linen  and  wearing-apparel)  to  the  amount 

f 973,496    0 

;he  5th  (linen,  wearing-apparel,  shawls,  etc.)  to. 

fie  amount  of 1,109,861    0 

he  6th  (linen  and  wearing^pparel)  to  the  amount 

f   . 849,399    0 

he  7th  (linen  and  wearing-apparel)  to  the  amount 

•f ' 892,000    0 

the  8th  (plate,  jewels,  diamonds,  shawls,  etc.) 

o  the  amount  of 3,125,015    0 

the  9th  (linen,  wearing-apparel,  etc.)  to  the 

mount  of- 1,182,170    0 

he  10th,  or,  d^St  des  kUnes^*  to  the  amount  of        161 ,685    0 


tniher  and  Pro4uot  of  the  Sales  of  Goods  by  Auction 

which  took  place  in  1821 « 

In  1821  there  were  in  Paris  :— 

i^.  Voluntary  sales :— of  furniture  635 ;  fr.         c. 

^ct .    2,795,701    0 

rerageperann.  from  1812  to  1821  inclusite,  619.9 ; 

rcrage  product 2,384,713  50 

F  objects  of  art  and  curiosity,  34;  aterage  52.4; 

Ddoct 771,389    0 

age 629,559    0 

ob,  57 ;  ayerage  58.9.; 

auct 668,659    0 

481,055  60 

^  stock  in  trade,  6;  average  11.4; 

duct 36,280    0 

«ge 6,921  60 

1  product  of  the  rolulaUty  tales  daring  the  10  yn.  35,652,697    0 

an  aterage  year 3,565,269  70 

*  This  division  has  been  abolished. 

2c* 


Digitized  byCjOOQlC 


\ 


468  '  APSiNDIX. 

2«.  Salctaftcr  decease : — 
Of  furniture,  834 ;  aTerage  768.^: 

Product 3,#yfif 

ATerage 3,8^^  ' 

Of  objects  of  art,  «lc,  3 ;  aTcnige  1.9 ; 

Product &^ 

Average *     -      -     -       K«- 

Of  books,  5;  ayenige2.3; 

Vrodmci * 36S9 

Aterage 55,^  * 

Of  stodcmtradet35;  average 32.5; 

Product WJ'^  ^ 

Average     . ^J^^^ 

Total  of  the  product  of  the  sales  after  de^pase*  di- 
ring  the  10  years ftflO^ 

Of  an  average  year 3JeAj| 

3<».  Sales  by  judicial  authority  : — 
Of  furniture,  331;  average  323.9 ; 

PitHluct .     .      ^?^  i 

Average •  •»• 

Of  objects  of  art,  etc.,  1 ;  average  1.1 ;  . 

Product ''■*-" 

Average M:i  *' 

Of  books,  1 ;  average  0.7; 

Product *S*^ 

Average     .    .     ^ ^' 

Of  stock  in  trade,  7;  average  4.7 : 

Product ' •'*,' 

Average ** 

Total  of  the  product  of  the  sales  by  ifidicial  anlW- 

lity,  during  the  10  years 7 Jfi> 


Of  an  average  year 


TDt?" 


4».  Sales  at  the  Montde  KM^  48;  average  48; 

Product LMg  , 

Average *vL*^ 

Total  of  the  product  for  the  10  years It^ftJ^ 

Of  an  average  year l.WS^^^ 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STAnSTIGAL  TABLES.  469 

5^.  Sales  for  want  of  lawful  hein,  123 ;  average  122 ; 

»ro4ict .  35,402    0 

Lveragc 45,3S8  10 

?otal  of  the  product  for  the  10  years 453,581    0 

>f  an  ayerage  year i    .  45,358  10 

'otal  product  of  all  the  sales  during  the  10  years    .  88,211,588  4) 

)fanaTenigeyear  ^ 8,821,158  80 


Receipts  at  the  Cmtom-ffouse  of  Paris  from  1816  fa  1821 
inclusive. 

CnstomDiitiet.  Slofelioiim  for  Salt 

fir*        C*  mT         C 

1815 93,056  88  .  8,103,819  93 

1816 133,937  99  .  426,763  20 

1817 184,043  88  .  2,135,968  80 

1818 338,037    4  .  1,720,457  40 

1819 274,806  57  .  3,135,608  10 

4820 256,622  40  .  3,245,575  80 

1821 362,746  50  .  3,143,854  80 

Total    •.     ,     .     .    1,643,251  26        21,912,048    3 

/Iverage  annual  product  .       234,750  18  3,130,292  57 

This  average  amount  comprises  the  duties  collected  upon  all  the 
salt  consumed  in  the  department  of  the  Seine.  The  average  quan- 
tity consumed  in  Paris  alone  being,  according  to  the  last  three  years, 
3,911,139  kilogrammes ;  the  sum  to  which  the  duty  upon  the  salt 
consumed  at  Paris  amounts  to. is,  l,t73»341  fr.  70  c.  at  the  rate  of 
30  centimes  per  kilogramme. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


A70  APPENDIX. 

Annual  Product  of  the  Entrance  Dtaiee    (Octni>  • 

Paris,  and  Amount  of  the  net  Tenth  pmid  imm  tK 
Treasury  in  1821. 

In  1821,  the  gross  product  of  the  entnmce  dutiet  £r.        c 

was,     .          .  '       .          •          •                    •  25,977,791   > 

And  the  amount  of  the  deductions  from  it  was,  .  iO,366»4S9  P 
The  net  sum  of  which  a  tenth  was  paid  into  the 

treasury  was,           .....  lSL65l,p2S#  SL 

The  tenth  paid  into  the  treasury  waa ,  iSSZ^i^   t 
.  The  average  of  the  seren  years  from  1815  to  1821 

inclusive  was,  gross  product,        .                    .  22JBf>T3J^C' 

Deductions, SS^SSSt  IS 

Net  product, I3j50.3t4  U 

i;*enUi  paid  into  the  treasury,  i^tSjOtt  41 


Summaty  of  the  average  Amount  paid 
State  hy  the  City  of  Paris. 


mtU 


«. 

For  the  domains,  registering  stamps) 

and  mortgages, { 

For  the  customs  and  duties  on  salt. 
Indirect  taxes, 

16^4.796  i9 

1,408.091  8S 

19,156,835  85 

4,235,754  33 

6.438,800    0 

28,029.067  M 

23£ 

i-r 

Post-office, 

ssi 

Lotteries, 

9  i 

Direct  taxes 

3»2> 

«■} 

Annual    produce    of    the 
houses,  according  to  the 

75,923,366    9 
5,500.000    0 

Total,     .     . 

81,423.366    9 

tt4  : 

*  These  deductions  consist  of,  1 .  Eqiense  of 
sum  which  substitutes  the  furniture-lax;  3.  The 
unities  of  the  city  loan ;  4.  Incidental  expenses. 


1  IW 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


8TATISTICAX  TABLED* 


4T1 


Product  of  the  Indirect  Taxes  for  the  year  1821. 


If  port  of  liquid! 

expedition 

it  A  ttnlSvemeni 

mmpiion • .  • 

nces.« 

ips  {Estampilies) 

io  coDTeyancei  on  ex«- 

lordinarf  service 

gatioD «. 

ranty  of  gold  and  ail- 

r  bnlUqn 

ipa.  {Tirnkpet} 

mon  liqnidf  (Boiitmui) 


Ic  conreyancea . 
b 


fr. 

265,S10 

1,625 

2,698 

14,520 

6,927 

858 

5,271' 
8,569 

845«15a 
67,5A5 
45,772 

869^450 

582,549 
1,645,945 

145,959 
26,575 


fr. 

Ferries 1,220 

Rents  npon  the  Seine  and 
its  banks 21,658 

A  tenth  of  the  city  tolls. . .  1,562,129 

Warehouse  dues 127,500 

Reimborseaaent  for  ex- 
pense of  collecting  the 
city  tolls 

Extraordinary  receipts. . . . 

Part  of  the  Treasury  fines. 

Sales  in  the  entrepots. . . .  5,586,005 

Other  prodocU 156,511 

Gnopowder 76,627 

Reimbursement  of  ex- 
penses of  management.        44,151 

Entrance  duties  upon  com- 
mon liquids.. . .  .*. 10,561,621 

Ditto  ditto  upon  oils 819,814 


22,749 

572 

10,597 


Total    .    22,898,855  fr. 

^  fr. 

i  amount  of  the  yeass  1815  to  1821  inclnsife 152,087,647 

oal  total  upon  an  areragt  of  the  above  seyeD-yeaxs 11^,150,856 


Product  of  the  Direct  Taoees  for  the  year  1821. 


fr.         c. 

dTax 11,190,252  20 

•rand  Window  Tax.  1,945,720  42 


Personal  and  furniture       fr.  c. 

Tax 6,280,728  40 

Patents 4,768.119  50 


Total    .    24,182,800  fr.  92  c. 

fr..         c. 

hi  ^imonnt  from  1806  to  1821  inclusive .551,502,425  66 

(rage  of  the  last  seven  years 28,029,087  84 


1821  the  net  product  of  the  direct  and  indirect  taxes  was.  .45,650,650  40 
1806 58,190,798  98 

Vcrenca.. •*. 7,459,851  42 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


472 


APPENDIX. 


Product  of  the  Stamp-DtOy  fhr  the 


Timbre  proportionnel  pour  effets  de 
merce,  etc.    Debite  .... 

£xtniord^iiary  Stamps,  idem,  .     . 
Total 


IfiL 


iJ8S4,M2  75 


2^73S,f4t  7>S»J^i 


Total  for  the  years  from  1815  to  1820 

principal  and  fines 

4/6  for  the  atcrage  year   ...-., 


Music  iKxdit 

Commercial  books  .  .  • 
I^otices,  band-biils,  etc.  . 
Fines  for  infractions  .  • 
Passports  for  the  interior  . 
Passports  for  foreign  coimtries 
Passports  gratis  to  paupers 
Portnf  armes,  full  duty  . 
Port-d'armes  duty  reduced  to 
1  franc • 


Total  ........   6i;je9 


5a,777 

473 

283 

9,735 


17 


io[24| 

9 
13 
il 


25,647 
2,313  ^'kt 


k.     t 

2C5*:*' 

Mm  9 


9  7     iJMJJIi 


Total  of  the  product  of  Stamps  of  erery  kind  m  iStO.  4  JC13C  ^ 
Tbtal  iifem,  for  the  years  from  1815  to  1820  .  .  ^^-^Ij 
For  one  year  on  an  tTerage 4,4Hp^ 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLBS. 


473 


Receipts  of  the  P&st^Ofpce. 


The  groat  pioduct  of  the  Poet-Office  was— 

'^      "^                                In  1815, 

3,801,343    0 

.  In  1816, 

4,179,517    0 

In  1817, 

4,269,074    0 

In  1818, 

4,436,267    0 

In  1819, 

4,375,300    0 

In  1820, 

4,353,025    0 

Total,  25,414,526    0 


T]MmT6nig»aiiiimlprodaetU4,235,754fr.  aSe. 

The  srefttest  receipt  Ukes  place  in  January;  it  then  amoanu  to 
i5,000fr.  per  day,  or  450,000fr.  per  month.  The  smallest  receipt 
takes  place  in  September;  it  then  amounts  to  11,000  fir.  per  day,  or 
3d0,000fir.  per  month* 


Letters  or  packets,  small ) 

pcurceb, ) 

Put  in  the  metropolitan) 

Charges, 

Post-paid, 

To  be  left  at  po8tK>flke»\ 

(Gome  for,)      •    .     .% 

(Not  come  for,)     .    .) 
Letters  or  packets  re« 

fused, 

Articles  d^argent.  »  . 
Periodical  publicationi. 
Prospectuses,  .  .  . 
Pamphlets,  .... 
Catalogues,  and  works 

not  periodical,      •     . 


Thert  are  despttcl 
^arisina 


fxom  Paris! 


Day. 


28,000 

10,000 
■  905 


90 


6,666 
40} 
23 


Tear* 


10,220,000 

3,650,000 

5,560 
326,000 


32,888 


28,333  10,200,000 


2,400,000 
3,771 
8,395 


TravcJlers.  The  numbers 
of  arriyab  is  reckoned  I 
to  be  equal  to  that  of/ 
'departures,  ris.    .    .  j 

Out  of  the  326,000  post-paid  letters  which  leate  Paris  annually, 
it  is  estimated  that  145,000  go  to  foreign  countries. 


Hmm  arriTa  at  Paria 
iaa 


Day. 


18,000 


774 

10; 
23 


Tear. 


6,570,000 

5,000 

90,000 
14,000 

144,000 

282,711 

•  *  • 

3,771 
8,395 


Digitized  byCjOOQlC 


.3ia   a 


— 

•fM 

•f-  .  ^"«» 

'3..J*T  ■«• 

-S     .9 

*s*r 

J  ^     ••» 

*...•:.  ■•• 

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ri.:"-.  ■•> 

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-:.     o  i«i 

•!;-r?i-J» 

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-•4Jj5^ 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


STATISTICAI.  TABUS. 


4T5 


o 

5 

I 
1 


i  1 1. 11 1. 3. 

p  o*^ "Tans "WO 
H  ^  ^  f*  jr.  ff.  ff. 
»5*"5*o  o'o  o  o 

g-5-2SBBg 

6-1  ■ 


9P^ 


g 


ills*  » 
li.s-a.  s 


00 


£ 


lOvj'c 


Co:? 


§S  lo  oa  ^  **•  ut  o 


S8    §S 


Ca9< 
VIC 


^^lo»uQo 


'►fc.     ,    O0Oi00|o» 


"Jte  CO       '^^""^  ' 

^^       vj 


i 

1 

i 

§ 

i 

lOvjOiOO 


n 


Is- 
•I 

^3 


en 
I 

f 

r 


«5 


I 


0E> 


0E> 

o 


i: 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


iTB 


I 


It 

li 

h 

I 

1 

.1 


j'h- 


9-1 


^^m^^nsm 


I:  ::::|iJnii 


I_3 


si 


,  ,    ill; ; 


-  5        5 

O     O      O      U 


:go*8  *»  i  -i 


I 


!   !  > 


58    H      B  « 


SS 


5|1 

mi] 
III 

i    lllli 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


STATISTICAL  TABLES.  477 

In  1821  the  ca«K8  carried  before  the  Tribunal  de  Com- 
merce were 19,131 

The  aterage  number  of  seven  years,  from  1815  to  1821 

indnsiTe,  is 17,337 

The  number  of  causes  presumed  to  have  been  compro- 
mised before  or  after  judgment,  is 7,993 

Arerage  of  seren  years 5,719 

Hie  judgments  2eW5  were 1I,13S 

Avcn^ 11,618 

(Neariy  all  the  judgments  warranting  arrest.) 

The  number  of  failures  terminated  by  agreement  was    .  44 

Arerage     ■. 51 

By  contract  of  union 14 

Arerage '14 

Tlie  number  of  failures  not  terminated,  still  pending  at 

Ukeyear*send 139 

Arerage 88 

A£fording  no  resources 75 

Average ' 48 

lie  nombre  des  (aillites  rapportto  A  ^t^  de 12 

Average 8 

Referred  to  other  tribunals i 

The  total  nunOier  of  failures  w«i 285 

Total  average 209 

The  mor/miim  of  a  failure  was 1,824,749 

The  number  of  bankrupts  pkced  in  d^t  were    ...  7 

Average 4 

Of  those  imprisoned 553 

Average 357 

Of  those  set  at  l&erty  by  <q)position  or  by  anrangement .  238 

Average 219 


Fires. 

The  corps  of  sapettrs^pompiers^  who  are  exdusively  employed 
in  extinguishing  fires  in  the  city  of  Paris,  consisted  in  1821  of  568 
men,  occupying  four  barracks;  but  in  pursuance  of  a  subsequent 
ordinance,  the  number  has  been  carried  to  636  men,  including 
16  officers.  Of  this  corps  316  men  are  on  duty  daily;  viz.  for  the 
various  theatres,  154  men;  and  in  forty  guard-houses  and  two 
stations  in  boats,  162  men.     At  the  barracks  of  the  gendarmes,  the 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


^»  ,♦//■  ..^f>  :•      mil  lie  jgivT.    ^s: 


7  «^  rAgi0mtu^  joitt  -ril 
^ii^ve  tr  ^^#  Jbim.  iotC  tt  22211 


f>>C         fl*/ 

*"^ 

i^^f'.       >r: 

r  j 

^>>T       r^ 

*■  1 

^***>,       ^>: 

?i 

^<»r^  '     r>» 

:^ 

:      *j 

;     *>- 

i>A2 

'^/t 

i:o 

i^-i 

r/f 

1      M 

i'Aii 

^iff 

61 

41 

iHi% 

4M 

103 

*■• 

iHir, 

475 

&J 

lf> 

4M7 

494 

85 

19 

4Hin 

M4 

133 

4S 

4niif 

524 

148 

^ 

ifv/if 

OH 

479 

56 

Toul.  , 

(i.VJj 

^    ^:;7 

-^m 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC  _ 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


479 


Receipts  of  the  Theatres  and  ether  Places  of  Amusement  in 
Paris  in  the  year  1818. 


French  Opcni.  .  .  . 
Th^Alre  Fran^ais  .  . 
Op^ra  Comique .  •  . 

Od^on 

Italian  Opera  .  .  .  . 

Tb^trcdesVari^l^. 
Yandeville  .  .  .  •  . 
GaieU    ...... 

*Ainbiga  Cornice . 
Porte  St.  Martin.  . 
Cirque  Olympicpie. 

Total.  .  . 


Amount  of 

P.r  cnug.  fui 

namber  of 

Arerago 

doceof  eMh 

receipts. 

pauper*. 

represrn- 
tatioiu. 

pUcM. 

lion. 

fr.         c 

fr.     c. 

fr.  c. 

fr.     c. 

769,259    4 

70,387  17 

160 

529 

4,654  26 

824,695  22 

74,972  21 

346 

3  75 

2,324  34 

807,026  40 

73,765  94 

-    347 

3  73 

2.131  70 

282,003  33 

25,636  70 

337 

328 

748  54 

80,061  50 

7,283  31 

85 

296 

1,451  65 

495,581  35 

45,052  84 

355 

2  19 

1,577  59 

540,473  25 

49,133  92 

354 

2  77 

1,445  97 

400,112  90 

36,373  91 

353 

1  44 

1,149  39 

413,81fi  10 

37,619  56 

354 

1  32 

1,106  46 

451, 8W  40 

41,076  31 

347 

2    0 

1^61  69 

221,499  10 

20,136  27 

259 

1  37 

969  33 

6^^86,376  59 

481,438  21 

3,297 

29.0 

18,820  92 

13  Petty  exbibitions 

28  Balls 

6  Public  gardens 

15  Concerts 

63  Musical  entertainments  .  . 
41  Caf^s  with  entertainments  . 
60  Exhibitions  of  Curiosities  . 

Total 


ReompU. 

Per  cenU|:e  Cor 
pan  per*. 

fr.       c. 

fr.       c. 

136,604  95 

16,583  45 

114,087  40 

13,753  18 

408,136  50 

50,853  74 

88,924  30 

9,622  38 

10,748    0 

1,364  12 

17,056    0 

2,132    0 

66,687  56 

7,236  89 

839,244  71 

101,595  76 

THB  ENB. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


index: 


Abattoim,  III,  25. 

Abattoir  d'Ury,  III,  J5. 

-de  Montmartrc,  III,  24. 

-dePopincoart,  111,25. 

-duRoalt,  III,  24. 

'         de  Vanguard,  III,  25. 
Abbaye  tfnx  Bow,  I,  508. 
Abclard  and  Heloisa,  tomb  of.  III. 

561. 
Academic  d'Architccturc,  II,  ^52. 
des  Beaux  Arts,  II,  254. 

Prangaiae,  II,  227^  254. 

des  Inscriptions  et  Belles 

Lettrcs,  II,  228,  254. 

Roy  ale  dc  Musiqne ,  1 1, 479. 

de  Peintore  et  Sculpture, 


II,  250. 

des  Sciences,  II,  229, 254. 

Academy,  kind  of,  und«rlhe  Ronwins, 

XT. 

Acoustics,  pbenomenon  in,  II,  Mi. 

Actors,  many  buried  in  the  church  of 
Saint  Sanveur,  1,171;  remarkable 
comic,  II,  459;  reception  given 
to  English,  5tt ;  stratagem  of.  III, 
252. 

Albertus  Magnus,  a  celebrated  scho- 
lar, 111,  68. 

Albret,  Jeanne  d%  death  of.  III, 
247. 

All^e  des  Veuves,  lU,  510. 

.     VOL.  III. 


Alplionso  v.,  honours  done  to,  HI 
277.  • 

Amazooa,  French,  III,  295. 
Amiraut^,  II,  295. 
Amusement  of  noblemen, III,  268. 
Anatonye,  amphith^Atre  of,  II,  550. 
Ancre,  marshal  de,  body  dragged  in 

the  street  by  the  populace,  1, 88. 
Anecdote  of  the  widow  of  Charles  I. 
11,  7;  of  a  farourite  of  Louis  XIV 
12 ;  of  Achille  de  Harlay,  16 ;  of 
Marino,    45 ;   of  the  abb6  Dome 
millcHommes,  46;  ofSigismund, 
emperor  of  Geiinany,  67 ;  of  Fran- 
cois de  Guise,  144 ;  of  Charles  VI., 
187,  III,  77 ;   of  the  count  d'Es- 
taing,  II,  486  ;  of  the  count  d'Eg. 
mont,   486  ;   of  Vestris,    488  •   of 
Henf7lV.,III,  148,  165,  251;  of 
Marat,  165  ;  of  the  marshal  de  Cati- 
nat,165 ;  of  Saint  Foix,245 ;  of  a  cu- 
rate of  Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois, 
250;  of  the  eqo^ror  Joseph  H. 
251;    of  Cerelle,    252;    of  father 
Booaventure  Calatagirone,  252;  of 
M.   de    Roqnclanre,  254  ;    of   de 
Lorges,  260;  of  Mary  Stuart,  265; 
of  Calonne,  275 ;  of  Louis  XV.,  295l; 
of  mademoiselle  Dulhi,  512. 
Anguier,  epitaph  of  the  brothers,  I. 
85. 

2u 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


482  INDEX. 

Anne  of  Austria'^  attachment  to  the 

abbey  of  the  Yal-de-Grftce,  I,  134. 
Anne  (Saintc),  chapel  of,  I,  812;  com- 

monity  of,  512  ;  Irateraity  of,  15. 
Annonciadet,  convent  of  the,  I,  512. 
Aononciades  da  Saint-Esprit',conYent 

of  the,  I,  512. 
Antoine   (Saint),  abbey  of,  I,  506; 

occupied  byH^nry  IV.  daring  the 

siege  of  Paris,  507. 
Apollo  Belvedere,  II,  409. 
Apology  of  Dr.  Petit  in  justification 

of  murder,, I,  77. 
Aquiduc  d'Arcueil,  III,  90. 

de  Belleville,  III,  91. 

de  Geinture,  III,  95. 

de  Saint  Genrais,  III,  92. 

Aqueducts  of  the  Ron\ans,  III,  85. 

of  Paris,  III,  90. 

Arbaletriers,  II,  15 A. 

Arc  de  Triomphe  de  Saint  Antoine, 

III,  71. 
_._  de  Saint  Bernard, . 


Assassination  by  the 

Brie,  1,08. 
Assembly,  Conveotaooal, 
^— —  Legislative. 

National,  exxrn. 

Assooiatioa  for  the  reKef  of  ptH*- 

ers,  Ily  552. 
Ath«n6e,  II,  508. 

Anbaine»  an  oppressive  tss,  1,  HL 
Augnstines,   Angkiaes,   covwcrt  < 

I,  511. 
Augustios,   convesit  of,  I,  SC,  tm- 

■tains  a  siege,  272. 
Dtehaojs^,  LUMisM  rf>l. 

277 ;  why  called  Petite  Prw.  n 
*  Petits,  cotftvcat  eC,  U  rv 


111,  79. 


74. 


-deSaiotDems,III, 

-den&totle,IU,80. 
-  de  Saint  Martin, 


HI,  78. 


-de  la  Place  dn Car- 


rousel, 1I#  52. 


.  du  Tr6ne,  III,  75. 


Arcade,  remarkable,  II,  71. 
Archbishops  of  Paris,  1, 71. 
Archbishop  de  J  uigni,  an  exemplary 

character,  I,  74. 
Archbbhopric,  Paris  created  ao,  1,71. 
Archbishop's  Palace,  1, 78. 
Archers,  II,  155 ;  fraternity  of,  1,545. 
Archives  of  France  carried  to  Eog- 

laod,Il,114. 
Armagnac,   murder    of  the   conn6- 

tabled',  11,186. 
Armagnacs,  xlviii. 
Arquebasiers,  II,  155. 
Arsenal,  II,  59^;  explosion  at  the,  ib, 
Asile  de  la  Providence,  11,  555. 


BagateUe,  III,  519. 

BaiUiage  dn  Palais,  11,  M- 

BaiUiagea,  several  aboOskc^  II,  r 

Ballet,  royal.  Ill,  3<». 

Balloon  ,1iootgolfier,KS  n  ■!■  <.i  ■  i  ■  ■ 

first  experiment  of  M— ^iJtri  a^ 

hydrogen  gas  Qiute<  III,  » *  i"** 

accident  in  odc,  11*  tfB. 
Balb,  II,  550. 
Balis,  masked,  II,  5S& 
Bank  of  Fnnce,  U.  13S,  !<&. 
Banker,  murder  o(  a  nek.  lU,  ITS. 
Baptis'ra,  splendid,  lll,^!7t. 
Barbarians dcscsod  ■yoaCsai,  xjk  x^ 
Barbe,  Sainti  firataraitj  oC,  I,  2^. 
Barbiers  itavistcs.  III,  U2. 
Bamabites,  cooveot  oC  1*  2ftL. 
Bamoades.  III.  187 ;  jsost^Ji,!.^ 
Barpsrs,  111,  18i;  set  Ihe  a» kf  M> 

popolace,  180. 

11,185. 
Bartholom€n,SoMt,  ssMHstoClw 

ftfttc  given  Cow  days  kefase,  11»  I* 
Basoefae,  la,  II.  IOC.* 

Basrin  de  la  ViUcttc,  III,  9V 
Bastile,  II,  559;  captwc  of  *«.  M* 

epitaph  of  (bar  iniiiiJMk  fM^ 

in  the,  1, 175. 
Bastifngtfes,  11,550. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


,  iNMx.  483 

Baths,  III,  Jl5i ;  formeriy  aied  at  en-  Bibliotli^qae  de  la  \'dit  de  Parli,  II 

tertatoments,  i6.;  at  the  reception  402. 

of  a  knight,  1 J2.  Bi^Tre,  the.  III,  89 ;  inandation  of,  ib. 

Beaton^  archbiahop  of  Glaigow,foand8  Billets  de  confession,  czxil. 

a  seminarj  at  Paris,  I,  190.  Births  in  Paris,  III,  440. 

Bedford,  dnke  of,  regent  of  France,  Bishops  of  Paris,  1,  67. 

lii ;  gives  a  grand  ffitc,  II,  68.  Blanche,  qneen,  defies  the  canons  of 

B«gfi:«">  great  nambcr  in  Paris,  II,  ^®^  T^^me,  II,  »67. 

527.  B«»f  G"S  n,  556. 

Bclloy,  cardinal  da,  UberaUty  of.  Ill,  ^<*"  **«  Boulo^pe,^  III,  518;   sofl  of 

255.  the,  520;  celebrated  for  daeJs,  i6. 

Benedictines,  Anglaises,  convent  of,  ^">»parte  begins  his  career,  czzzfii ; 

I,  511.  coronation  of,  1, 47 ;  f^tesgiven  to, 
: de  Notre  Dame  de  *t>n  ®*  5  attempt  to  murder,  II,  52  ; 

Sccours,  convent  of,  I,  518.  returns  from  the  Isle  of  Elba,  25; 

de  Notre  Dame-des-  ^r^ren  into  exile,  cxxxfiU  •  Paris 


Pr*s,  convent  of,  I,  529.  greatly  indebted  to,  ib. 

'  do    Saint   Sacrement,   Bons-Hommes,  convaiit  of,  I,  280. 


convent  of,  I,  518.  Bordeaux,  duke  of,  baptism  of,  1, 66. 

Benedictins,  convent  of,  I,  257,  258,  Boucherie  Grande,  III,  22. 

259.  Boucheries,  III,  22. 
,  English,  convent  of,  I,  Boulanger,  an  honourable  name.  III, 

296.  *95. 

de  SSnt  Maur,  conrent  Boulenois,  mausoleum  of  family  of. 


of,  I,  295.  h  264, 

Benediction  of  nuptial  bed,  I,  111.  Boulevards,  jQl,  178. 

Bemardins,  convent  of,  I,  244.  Bourbon,  tonib  of  Henry  de,  1, 105. 

Bernini,  invited  to  Paris,  II,  8;  ho-    ' Conti,  Stephanie  Louise  de, 

noQrsdoneto,  9;  returns  to  Rome,  '*'»  **^' 

10.  Bourdon,  a  famous  bell,  I,  7. 

Berry,  ducftess  of,'  daughter  of  the  Bourguignons,  xlviii. 

regent,  II,  47.  Bourse,  la,  II,  181. 

,pdnke  of,  assassinated,  II,  478.  Brehan,  Renaud  de,  attacked  by  five 

Berulle,  tomb  of  cardinal,  1, 292.  Englishmen,  111,  228. 

Bethun   de    Balfour,    archbishop   of  Bridges,  111,  154. 

Glasgow,  tomb  of,  I,  505.  Brule  Banc,  captain,  III,  276. 

Biblioth^que  de  TArsenal,  II,  401.  Bruno,  Saint,  pictures  of  the  life  of, 

de  Saint  Genevieve,  I,  ^'  ^^2. 

209.  Buffon,  appointed  superintendent  of 

■  '                  de  Saint  -  Germain  -  des-  the  Mus^  d'Histoire  Naturelle  II 

Pr«s,I,  228.  420;  dies,  428.                          '      ' 

des  Invalides,  II,  171.  Bureau  d' Admission  dans  les  H6pi- 

Mazarin,  II,  258.  Uux,  II,  548. 

de  Monsieur,  II,  599.       . de  U  Direction  des  Nourriccs. 

• .  de  Paulmy,  11,  401.  II,  549. 

du  Roj,  II,  285 ;  present   des  Jures  Crieurs,  II,  104. 


Blale  of,  595 ;  manuscupto  oC;  595.   des  Longitudes,  II,  242 

2h 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


.111.  Ml; 


5». 

L 

•id. 
1  al  P^nK 


.  I.  5». 
tcow  III* 


erMie,ini 

&^  or  ?0laad,  Mi  < 

Ill.ISi; 
SSS ;  visile^  by  I 

dilcreot  paitt  oTiIk,  SK.  «» 
tioas  of  tbe,  SM;  alWi^* 

CMiednlor  !(oCi«  lkmt,U  *• 
pared    to   gilwni't  tmf 
Ivger tkM  twpie tfl|p^ 
lichcs  of,  il;  mmmfoti*''' 
power  of  the  ckiffdLS:i> 
Ur  oC  2d;  <Mifcttkakfi(^ 

popo..»;«— i  — ^ 
cardiaais^  27;  pm*f  *  * 
dMtaroi;  iiimmt**^* 
(•U»of,45;Gi^X«f^^ 

Mtt«i6. 


((>. 


v«nt  of,  I,  i*2. 
Cat^eriae   de 
^•'^-       of.  11.   17;  -^-i—' 
g»^«i»  br,  17. 
Caiiierocilieiafp^*?^^*' 
^^-  Cmw  tried  briw  *t*** 
Cuai^iiLL^  UL,  -T 
Cdc^cated  Bca  b0  a  7^*^  ^ 
*.  Iir,  43. 

^  Geloca*.  caMatd:L^  "^ 

bcr  of  diMlaM  ptM*  *^  ' 
tkackMii  J.;  2r. 
-  Cemctcrr  da*  Inmam,  L  <^  "' 

^  *^  ?2i  :  b^Tid  *-.  jC  XSf  •; 


Itf .  •** 


.j5.n 


^^*^^ 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


INDEX* 


485 


dalont,  I>  20;  of  tht  May^  18;  of 
wailiiiig  the  feet  of  thft  diiciplei, 
10 ;  on  Whitf Doday,  23 ;  at  the  in- 
•tallation  of  a  knight,  79;  called  la 
solemnite  da  cardinal,  11,261;  at 
the  entrance  of  foreign  princes  into 
Paris,  7 ;  of  presenting  roses  to  the 
Parlement,  86 ;  ^f  la  Montre,  00  ; 
of  electing  juges  consuls,  i03  ;  of 
casting  oat  the  devil,  116. 

Ghambre  des  Gomptes,  II,  71,  80. 

des  Decimes,  II,  105. 

■  du  Domaine  et  da  Trisor, 

II,  U. 

dea  Libraires^  II,  205. 

Ghameroi,  mademoiselle,  foneral  of, 

III,  252. 

Ghamp^rloii,  I,  218,  III,  305. 

Gbamp  de  Mars,  11,176 ;, solemn  pro- 
cession in  the,  170  ;  distribution  of 
eagles  by  Bonaparte  in  the,  I,  6S ; 
▼arious  fi^tes  in  the,  II,  176. 

.  de  Repos^  III,  556. 

Ghamps  ilfUta,  III,  507. 

Petits,  III,  5. 

Ghancellerie,  II,  05. 

Ghancellor,  election  of  a.  III,  285. 

Ghanoinesses  Anglaises,  convent  of, 
1,  510. 

de  Saint  Angastin,  con- 
vent of,  I,  524. 

Ghanson  de  Golas,  III,  249. 

Ghapelf  expiatory,  II,  575. 

sepnlcbral.  III,  582. 

Gbapelet,  fraternity  of  the,  I,  250. 

Ghapelle  Saint  l^loi,  1, 542. 

Saint  Joseph,  I,  555. 

du  Louvre,  1,  200. 

-—  de  Sainte  Marie  ^yptienne, 

I,  554. 

>  Noire,  or  do  Damn6, 1, 12. 

la  Sainte,  II,  111 ;  a  depot 

of  archives,  114 ;  prison  of  the 
treasurer  of  the,  568. 

Gharibert's  coffin  discovered,  1,  215  ; 
supposed  by  some  to  be  Morard's, 
216. 


Gharit^,  Ftirtt  de  la,  convent  of,  I, 
287. 

— — ^-^— ^—  de  Saint  Gharles 
Borromeo,  fraternity  uf,  I,  545. 

Gharlemagne,  zzi ;  improves  the  sys- 
tem of  g6vemment,  xziii;  esta- 
blishes schools,  II,  245 ;  dit§,  zzii ; 
fraternity  of  Saint,  I,  245. 

Gharles  I.  of  England  marries  Hen- 
rietta of  France,  I,  76. 

——  VI.,  distarbances  in  Paris 
under,  iliv. 

IX.  penecutea  the  protest- 


ants,  Ixiii;  atrocity  of«   Ixziii;  re- 
morse of,  luLvii. 
Ghamier  des  Innocens,  III,  526. 
Ghartreux,  convent  of,  I,  241. 
ChastelduBois,  11,4. 
Ghiteau  dHSau  du  boulevard  de  Bondi, 

III,  108. 

de  Madrid,  111,510. 

GhAtelet,   tribanal  of  the,  11,    06 ; 

boilding  of  the,  lOOJ 
Grand,  prison  of  the,  1, 272, 

II,  565. 

New,  II,  07. 

Petit,  II,  101 ;    prison  of 

the,  565. 
Ghauss^  d'Antin,  czzv. 
Ghevaliers  de  Malte,  I.  504. 

de  Rhodes,  I,  50ft. 

du  Saint  Esprit,  I,  260. 

Childebert,  tomb  of,  I,  212. 
Gbilderic  besieges  Paris,  xvi. 
Ghilperic,  tomb  of,  I,  214. 
Ghristianity  introduced  into  Gaul,  zvi» 

zviii. 
Ghristopher,  Saint,  ringular  statue  of, 

1,12. 
Ghronicle,  remarkable  fabulous,  ii. 
Ghurcb,  first  built  in  Paris,  1,1;  fall 

of  a,  162,  540. 
^—  of  Saint  Aignan,  I,  548. 
of  Saint-Andr^-des-Arcs,  I, 

179. 
I.  of  the  Assumption,  I,  515. 
of  Saint  Barthilemi,  1, 161. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


486  INDEX. 

Ghorcb  of  Saint  Benoit,  1, 175.  Clmrch  of  Sftint  Louis,  I,  285. 

of  SaiateCatherioe-de-U-Cal-  -—  of  SaiDt-Loait-eB-De,  I,  9f. 

tore,  t,  54S.  _  ©f  Saiot-Loiiit-det  lovaJidcs, 
of  Saint  Cdme  and  Saint  Da-       II,  167. 


mien,  I,  177.  . of  Saint-Lonia-da-Lovrre,  I, 

of  Saint  Groii,  I,  16«.  M9. 

of  Saint  Denis,  III,  587.  de  la  Madeleine,  1, 15«,  184. 

of  Sainte  liUsabeth,  1, 5t6.       de  b  Madeleine-de-U-Tilfo- 

of  Saint.]fttienneHles^i«fl,  I,  Vtr%qne,  I,  184. 

**4.  of  Saint  Marcel,  1.  $H. 

of  SaiBt-EUenne-dD-Mont,!,   of  Sainte  Margnerite,  I,  •$. 


*<M>-  of  Saint  Marine,  1, 161. 

of  Saint  Eastacbe,  I,  84.         of  Saint-Martio^e^loltie,  I, 

of  SaintFraofois-d'Asaise,  I,  18J. 

586.  of  Saint  M4daH,  1,  115. 

—  of  Saint-Fran^is-XaTier^  I,   of  Saint  Meni,  I,  »5. 

*W'  —  des  Missions  ^tranffaes,    I, 
of  Sainte  GaieTi^ve,  I,  lU ;  196. 

created  a  Pantheon,  125  ;  conse-  — »—  of  °-'**  firirlai  irs  Th^ns, 

crated,  155.  I,  92. 
of  Sainte>Gene?i^e-des-Ar-  ■             of  Saint-Nicolas-da-Ckaf^a»- 

dens,  I,  556.  net,  1, 112. 

of  Saint-Germain-l'Aozenois,  ——  of  Notre  Dame-dca-l 


I,  87  ;  priftlcges  of  the,  89.  Manteani,  1,  97. 

'       of  Saint-Germain -r^vieoz,  I,    of  Notre  Dame  -  de  • 

^^7.  Noavelle,  I,  86. 

ofSaint-Germain^desPr^.I,   of  Notre  Daae-dea-ViclOMa. 

««.  1,277. 

of  Saint  Gerrais,  1, 100.  of  Saint  Opportune,  1, 165. 

of  Saint  Hilaire,  1, 177.  of  the  Oratoire,  1, 290. 

of  Saint  Hippolyte,  1, 185.        of  Saint  Paol,  I,  175. 

of  Saint  Hooor^,  |,  547.  ©f  Saint  PanI  and  Saint  Loni*, 

des  Innocens,  1, 164.  I,  loi. 

of  Saint  Ives,  I,  550.  des  PeUu  Pcr««,  I,  277. 

of  Sainl-Jacqnesde-U-Bon of  Saint  PbiUp  do  Roole,  I ,  S6. 

cherie,  I,  545.  of  Saint  Pierre  des  Arcis,  I, 

of  Saint*Jaeqaes-da-Hant-  loo. 


Pas,  I,  H4.  of  Sainl Pierre  am  B<r«k,  I, 

of  Saint- Jacqnes-de-PHOpi-       as. 

*•*»  '»  *<^-  of  Saint  Pierre  de  ChaiDoi,  I, 

of  Saint-Jean-en  Grcre,  1, 171.       8|. 

of  Saint  Josse,  1, 168.  of  SaintPierre-da-CroaCail 

of  Saint-Jolien-le-PaQTre,       loo,  I,  186. 

^  ^^-  of  Saint  Pierreand  Saint  Pa^. 

of  Saint  Landri,  I,  159.  i^  iQg, 


of  Saint  Uureot,  I,  90.  of  Saint  Roch,  I,  81. 

— ^  of  Saint  Lf  n  and  Saint  Gilles ,    of  Saint  Sanrenr,  U  170. 

I,  95.  of  Saint  Sepnlcre,  I,  5i  b. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


IKI>tX. 


A87 


Church  oT  Saint  S*TMa»  1,  M7. 

of  Saint  Sulpice,  1,  I0&. 

of  Satat  Symph^iM,  I,  Ml. 

of  Saint  Tbow  d'Aqvia,  I, 

MS. 

«— ^  of  Saiat  Tbooua  da  Laavre, 

I,  559. 
or  !Uiat  Viacaat  d«  Paal,  1,H. 

or  th«  fiMtatioa,  I,  SM. 

Chorcbca,  I,  I ;  aaaber  at  tba  r«?o- 

lolion,  154. 
CbofTh«a  of  tba  UoapUaU,  I,  55A. 
Ciaieti^fa   da  Sainla  Catherine,  III, 

570 ;  MMiaaBieaU  of,  570. 
de  U  IUdclrio«,lll,57i; 

prtwNu  intrrrrd  ia,  572. 

da  MaatwafUc,  HI,  550 1 


BMnameata  oC,  5M. 

da  P^ra  Lachaiw,  111,558; 


■ioaan>eat«  of,  yj9  ;  thrr e  kiadt  of 
l^ve*  io,  5M ;  cclcbiiitad  pcnoo* 
interred  io,  5fl7  ;  foHiGed  in  iHli, 
507. 

da   Taairirard,    111,    5«H ; 


BonaaiaaUof.  16S, 
Cinq  PUiet  de  l^olrr  DaoM  de  Pili^, 

rraleraity  of,  1,   100. 
Cir^ae  Fraacoai,  11,535. 

da  Mont  Thabor,  1 1 .  514. 

Olympigoa,  II,  51). 
Clary.  Sire  de,  defeat •  CoaHaoay  ia  a 

■iagle  combat.  111,  197. 
Cli«Boa,  coaaelable  de,  attack  apoo. 

111,119. 
Clliaaoo**  widow,  aa  Aaiatoa,  II,  144. 
Clock,  Sral  ia  Paii*,  II,  09. 
Ctua,  111.564. 
Clovia  reMdea  at  Paria,    if  i ;    barial 

fOaoaof,  l,l«S;  toaibof,101. 
Cocoaaa  brWaded,  111,  14M. 
Coin  Ar«l  attack  at  Paria.  II,  147  ;  ra- 

dttcad  ia  valae»1lH,  |57.  |t«7. 
CoioittK,  profrraa  ia  the  aH  of ,  11^150; 

baaa,  acverely  yaaitbed,  157. 
Coias  aacieat  Preach,  II,  151 ;  table 

of   relative    ealac    of  aacicat  and 

aMdcm.  iVt. 


Colbert,  Paria  traally  iodcbtrd  to, 
11,  15,  14;  enriches  the  ruyal  li- 
brary, 587  ;  nooament  of,  1,  S5. 

Coligai,  admiral,  attack  upon,  livii; 
nerderof,  l»i. 

Collate,  le,  II,  515. 

Colkccd'Aataa,  ll,M9. 

■  de  Saiat  Barbe,  11, 170. 

deBeaavaia,  11, 170. 

-  dea  Beraardint,  1,144. 

deBoitai,  III,  119. 

dat  Bona  Eobo^  II,  171. 

de  Boarboo,  II,  190. 

-  de  Boarjcogac*  11,171. 

de  Cambrai,  II,  191. 

duCardiaal  Lemoioe,ll,ltit. 

-  de  Charlemainie,  II,  190. 
.  dcaCbolett.  11,171 

deClany,  11,175. 

— ^—  de  CornoualUe*,  II,  175. 
— •  dea  ^o«ai«,  I,  190. 

■  ■  dePraace,  11,191. 

— »—  da  Granmont,  II,  174. 

doQrauiat,  11,  lOH. 

d'Uarcoort,  II.  Ih9. 

d'HeorilV.,  I,  109,  ll,isi>. 

dcLaonetdePr^alra,  11,175. 

de  Liaicai,  II,  108. 

daa  LMBbarda,  II,  175. 

de  Saint  Loaia,  II,  189. 

de  Loaia  leGraad,  1I,1H7. 

de  Maltre  Gerraia,  II,  174. 

de  U  Marche,  II,  MM. 

^  Maiano,  II,  155. 

■  de  klootaifa,  II,  104. 

de  !«aTarT«,  II,  M5. 

^  da  Pleaaia  Socboaoa,  II,  16«. 

dcft^le,ll,171. 

CoUe|C««  l>r«*  ^^^  ">  P^tu^  II,  151  ; 

Bumber  ia  the  •eTealecBlbccntary, 

100 ;  royal,  2?>0. 
Coloaae  da  CMtrlri.  Ill,  111. 
Coiaain  ^  the  I'Uie  Vcnd^me,  111. 

n. 

^— ^-  drpartaicotal,  111,47. 
— —  intended  to  ba«c  bcco  rrccl- 
cdby  Boaaparir,  111,161. 

■  liogubr.   111,  15. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


488 


INDIX. 


Combat  d«ft  AveagUi  el  da  Coeboo, 

II,  54i. 
Committee  of  Pablio  Safety,  report 

of,  cxixiii. 
Compaoief ,  trading,  lux?. 
Coocerts,  11,  550. 
Gonciergerie,  II,  571, 
Goncioi,  Florentio,  adminiitration  of, 

xcii. 
XoDfririe  de  I'AJojaa,  I,  545. 

dc  8«int  Lac,  II,  251. 

dc  la  Pattioo,  II,  454. 

Cono6tabUect  Mardchaauie,  II,  94. 
Conteil  gioiral  de  la  GommoDe,  II, 

159. 

le  Grand,  11,87. 

def  Quarantc,  II,  157. 

dcfSeiac,  11,156. 

dct  Trente-Six,  xxxvtii. 

de  la  Saint  Union,  II,  157. 

Contenratoire  dct  Arts  et  M^tien,II, 

448 ;  its  varioni  diviaiont,  450. 

Consumption  of  Paris,  111,  449. 

Convents,  dissolution  of,  cxxxi. 

Convents  of  Men,  1,197;  number  at 
tbe  revolution,  197;  revenue  at  tbe 
revolution,  506. 

Convents  of  Women,  I,  506;  num- 
ber at  the  revolution,  506 ;  revenoe 
at  tbe  revolution,  555. 

Gonvnlsionists,  I,  116. 

CopyisU,  III,  275. 

Cordcii^res,  abbey  of,  I,  508. 

Cordeliers,  convent  of,  1,249;  a  num- 
ber of  distinguisbcd  persons  buried 
in  tbe  church,  251 ;  a  tcpository  of 
books  at  the  revolution,  255. 

CorneiOe  sheds  lustre  upOto  the  French 
stage,  11,462. 

Coronation  of  Bonaparte,  I,  47. 

medals  distributed,  1,65. 

Corroxet.  epitaph  of,  I,  264. 

Costume,  funrral,  III,  554. 

Councils  held  at  Paris,  I^  55. 

Counts  of  Paris,  po%%rr  of,  xxv. 

Gourdes  Aides,  1 1«  91. 

d' Assises,  II,  no. 


CoorBaUve^lll,  18. 

deCastatioQ,  II,  110. 

desGovptes,  11,411. 

— —  dea  Miracles,  III,  296. 

des  Monnaies,  II,  92. 

Rojale,II,110. 

Covrt  Plteiires,  II,  58. 
Courts^  111,298. 

of  Justice  in  Franee,  II,  lit. 

Gribillon,  service  for  the  repoac  of 

tbe  soul  of,  I,  505. 
Greqoi,  monument  of,  1,  262. 
Grime,  extraordinary.  III,  264. 
Crobiers,  convent  of,  I,  505. 
Crosses  in  public  pbces.  III,  187. 
Cupob,  grand.  III,  12. 
Curfew,  establi«hed  in  France,  xlm. 
Custom,  siogubr,  1, 109. 
Custom-house,  receipts  of.  Ill,  469. 
Customs,    ancient,  II,  554;  of   tbe 

fourteenth  century,  III,  55. 

Dagobert's  tomb.  III,  589,  401. 
Dames  de  TAssomption,  conveat  of, 

I,  512. 

.  de  Saint  Aure,  convent  of,  I, 

514. 
■  de  PAve-Maria,  conveat  of. 

I,  514. 
de  Saint  Avoie,  cooveaf  oC, 


I,  517. 
de  Belle-Chasse,  conveat  oC 


I,  510. 
du  Bon  Pasteur,  coo  vest  of, 

I,  518. 

du  Calvaire.  convent  c»f,  1, 522. 

du  Cberche-Midi,  conveat  of, 

I,  524. 
— -  dc  la  Cooceptioo.  coavcst  of. 


I,  526. 
de  la  Croix,  cuoveat  of,  1,524. 

de  5biate  Blisabetb,  cooveal 

of,  1,  526. 
de  la  Josaieaac,  coaveal  of. 


I,  528. 

de  U  MadeJeiae  dc  TraacUc, 

convent  of,  I,  529, 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


IIVDIX. 


A89 


D«aMt  d«  Stiat  IU|lotrt«  0Mv«Bt 
of.  I,  »H. 

dc  SmsI  Mkbd,  CMv«at  of* 

I,  M9. 
MiraoikNicff    cob v tat  of,  I, 

da  Petit  Saiat  ClM«BKNit,  coo- 

Tcntof,  1.  lU. 
< d«  U  Ville-rivlqoc,  ooavcat 


oC  KMt. 

-  d«  la  Vuilation,  coavtat  of, 


I,  SIS,  >1S. 

Batid,  bbliop  of  Morray,  fooada  a 

•rmioary  io  Paria,  1,  190. 
DMthtiaParU,  111,440. 
Dcrdt  rrfUtcrrd  io  Paria,  III,  476. 
Dcoia,  Haiot,  priaoa  o(,  I,  fSf . 

cborcliof,lll,»A7. 

Dep6C  dca  Laian  at  Lavoir  pabUc, 

lll,». 
dc  b  Prdoctarc  die  Polirc.ll, 

>7f. 
Drpvliet,  palaco  of  tka  Cbuaberofy 

II.  <0. 

Dvrairr  aorreaa  da  Patirof,  I,  ISA. 
Drtait,  foataioe.   Ill,  «&;  iiatae  of 

gt—ial.  4f. 
t>r«rarlr«,  rpitaplM  of,  I,  JOt. 
DcM-loteaot,  eiamplc  of  fidelity.  III, 

try 

Drill.  r«i*iof  the,  II,  h^b, 
Diaaiooda  of  tiM  crowo.  III.  59. 
Dii-o  dnao^,    name   gi«ra    to    Looi* 

\l>..    Ill,   «H. 

Di«iolrmtrdar*«,  rrmirLjblc  iaataa* 

rr»  of.  III,?:?.  ?:•* 

Ditpifr  for  prrrtdrnrj  br|f«««a  the 

rarlroirot    and    tlic   (Ihaaibr^  drt 

Complr*,  1^  fl. 
D.*l>llrnr*  IO  Parn.  Ill,  437. 
|>i«iO<lir«  of  ihc  C*a»lfl«   «*. 
U.fiiM.nof  r«ru.  I1.I3V:    lll,ftil. 
Ih^uf  Moatarfu.  111.  ?M. 
Du«»,  cor*«i««  ImilalMMi  of  t^  kark- 

ia«of.  111.  ii>. 
DeaiiOtraMU,  fttrr*  pr#«W«n,  rt»a- 

«r«luf,  l,?j5,  ?«?. 


DooMaadfHadowtofParii,  111,401' 
DoogUa,  tombaof  tbefaniljof,  1,214. 
Onaia,  origia  aad  prograaa  ia  Praace, 

II,  4M. 
Onaiaa,  aacred,  forbiddeo,  II,  4M; 

of  cardioal  RlcbeUeo,  450. 
Dramatic  eibibitiooa,  ra|tc  for  la  tbe 

iAeeatb  ceatary,  II,  455. 
Drcan  of  Ueary  III.,  SM. 
Droit  de  Priae,  lul. 
Drakla,viL 

DaboU,  coHtoal,  epitaph  of,  l«  540. 
Docbe  de  France,  iiv. 
DoeU,f^tal,  III,  IS,  190. 
— ^-^  fpot  celebrated  for,  HI,  StO. 
Dapay,    nadeoioiacUe,    rcnarkable 

will  of.  III.  194. 
Datiea  apoa  gooda  oader  Dogobcft, 

mil. 
— —  IcTted  atlbe  borricn,  III,  179. 

Eaglei  of  tbe  empire  dbtriboted  ia 

tbe  Champ  de  Mara,  1,05. 
Ecolcd'Accoocbement,  II,  527. 

-  dea  Braoi  Arta,  II,  290. 

■  gratoile  de  Deaaio,  11,290. 

de  Dr»«io  poor  lea  Jcooea  Per- 

aooaet,  II,  297. 

— i—  defLaafuOaOrieatalcaviraatefl, 
lI,^tt». 

Militaire,  11,175. 

dr«  Mioea,  11,290. 

■  de  Moaiqae  el  Dfclamatioo,ll, 
t07. 

Iformale,  II,  277,  290. 

de  Pharmarir,  II,  297. 

Poljterboiqae,  II.  295. 

de*  PoaU  H  ChaoMert,  II,  205. 

-  de«  5Uroyard»,  II,  555. 
^rolr»,  Prlilra,  II,  290. 

Edict  of  ?Iaoiea  ioM^d,  ici  ;  revoca- 

tioo  uf,  ciTii. 
Eirool  de  Vtc^Ae  Militairr,  111,  150. 

Graod.  III.159. 

de«  lotalide*.  Ill,  150. 


.  Montinirtre,  111,  IM. 
da  Poorraa.  111.129. 


IWlioo,  11,10?. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


490 


INDEX. 


Embarraf  dc  PaiMy  by  BoUcao»  111, 
195. 

Embaitiefof  the  Grind  Seignior,  III, 
285. 

Bmigrantf ,  goods  leqaeatrated,  czbz. 

Emigration  commences,  cx:i?Ui;  pro- 
clamation against,  cxxiz. 

Enfiins  Sans  Sooci,  U,A56. 

Enigma  of  the  seTenteeoth  centnry, 

ZCf. 

Entrance  duties,  product  of.  111,  470. 
Entrepot  aox  Vins  et  Eanz-de-Yie, 

III,  i6. 
Entrj  of  kings  and  qaeens,  ceremo- 

niea  upon  the.  111,  76. 
<—  of  Monsieur  into  Paris,  I,  66. 

of  Louis  XVIlI.intoParis,!,  66. 

EpiUph,  singular,  I,  178,  111,  557; 

pathetic,  557. 
Equestrian  Exercises,  II,  522. 
Equilibrium,  111,  555. 
Esprit,  Saint,  fraternity  of  the,  1, 555. 
]6tienne,  privOt  de  Pa^is,  infamous 

character,  zxiz. 
ifttiennes,  celebrated  printers,  1, 152. 
Etiquette  at  the  court  of  Louis  XIV., 

Ill,  255. 
itUYes,  III,  151. 
Eugenius  III.,  Pop%  taies  refuge  at 

ParU,  1,198. 
Exchange,  the,  11,181. 
Execution  of  criminals  made  a  kind 

of  lhon,lll,250. 
Executioner,   public,    branded.  111, 

255 ;  suitable  costume  for,  255. 
Exhibition,  strange,  HI,  78. 
Exhumation  at  Saint  Denis,  III,  406. 
Explosion,  dreadful.  III,  514. 
ExporU  from  Paris,  value  of,  111,  459. 

Factions  of  the  Bourguignont  and  the 

Armagnact,  xWiii. 
Faculty  de  Droit,  11,  277. 

det  Lettres,  II,  286. 

de  Medicine,  II,  281  ;  sup- 
pression of,  285. 

■  des  Sciences,  II,  2S6. 

—  de  Th*ologic,  II,  277. 


,557 


Fair  of  Saint  (Hide,  III,  50. 
Fairs,  formerly  in  Paris,  111,  9. 
Famine  occasioned  by  a  siege,  Ixxxtd; 

occasioned  by  an  innndation,  11 1» 

151. 
Fanaticism,  horrible,  1, 117. 
Fanstns  introduces  printing  into  ^»> 

ris,  1, 150 ;  is  suspected  of  i 

150. 
Festival  for  the  liberty  of  the  i 

1,46. 
Festivals,  ancient  royal,  II,  S8. 
Fdte  de  I'fitre  Supreme,  Il«  180. 
de  la  F^d^ration,  II,  170; 

tempted  to  be  renewed  by 

parte,  178. 

des  Fons,  I,  20. 

detFousderUniv€fait«,ll, 

F^ofV  public.  111,  510 ;  irst  gives  at 

Parb, 510. 

given^  Bonaparte,  I,  05. 

Feu  de  Saint  Jean,  111,64. 

Sacr«,  1,556. 

Feuillans,  convent  of.  I,  287,  2&S; 

terrace  dea,  288. 
Feuiilantinea,  convent  of,  1, 52i. 
Fiacres,  origin  of  name^  II,  ifO. 
Filature,  ^tablisaevieat  de,  11,  550. 
Filles  de  Saint  Agnes,  convent  of,  1. 

510. 
Bleues,  convent  of,  1,  512. 

do  Calvaire,  convent  of,  I,  522. 

de  la  Conception,  convent  oC,  I, 

510. 
de  la  Croix,  convent  of,  I,  554, 

de  la  Croix-SainCGcrvais,  ce*- 

vent  of,  1,  524. 

Dieo,  convent  of,  I,  527. 

— •  derinstnictionChritiennc,c«*- 

vcnt  of,  1,  528. 
— —  Saiot  Joseph,  convent  of,  I,  Stl 

de  la  Madeleine,  eooTent  of,  I. 

Its. 

de  Sainte  Margueilte,  eonteoi 

of,  I,  529. 

Sainte  Marie, convent  eC  I*  5?9. 

— i-  Notre  Dame  dt  la 

convent  of,  I,  529. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


INDU. 


401 


rale*  PMlMla*,  CMfmt  of,  1,  M5. 

— —  P«iiitcotatd«Mal¥«lfr«,Qoa- 

▼totoT,  UM5. 
-^  da  Pr6ci««s  8«Bg,  convtst  of, 

I,  »I8. 
*«—  d«  U  Pr^MoUUoOt  eoavcttt  of, 

1,  lt9. 
^-->  do  U  ProTid«ac«,  ooovtat  •f, 

1,  129. 
^-»  d«  Saiat  8«cffMB«iC»  coa?«ttt  of, 

I,  35H. 
^^  ^a  SaoToar,  cottvcot  of,  1,  MO. 
SaintTbomM,coaTcntof,  1,110. 

8«iBt  TliomM  d«  VOle  ?leaTC, 

CO0T«Mof,  1,U0. 

deUTrioiU.  I,>M. 

FiM*  Icvkd  i«  Park,  111,  474. 
FirwioPirit,  111,  478. 
rUnol,  RkoUi,  lll,}SO. 
Poire,  !Utol  Ocrmaio,  111,9. 
FoU,  Saint,  babiu  of.  Ill,  li4. 
Footaino  d«  SaiaU  Aao«,  11,  75. 

d«  Birac««*  >1^  ^^' 

— — «— >  daa  Blaac*  Maateaas,  111, 


106. 


to**. 


.  Boadicra^  111,  lOH. 

•  da  BodcvanI  do  Boadi,  11 1, 


tlO. 


Itl. 


•  dcaCapociaa.  Ill,  109. 
.  da  UCbariU,  111,109. 
da  Colkfe   »o«rlHifi,    111, 


.  de«Cocd«IWrr«»  111,110. 
■  dr  la  Cru«t  da  Tiroi/,  111, 

DeMit,  111.  «:>. 
•da  Diablr,  111,111. 
.del'Eakaad*,  111,111. 


dc  l-fictOe  de  M«dacitt€,  111, 

It^ryptiMiar.  HI,  lU. 

dc  I'Elrpbaat.ll,  MS. 

— -^—  dc  ^ial-tvcrmaio-dc*  Pr««, 
IIMU. 

drCrrarUa,  III.IU. 

dr  Ct^€,  III,  61. 

aaGrtHC4Uiua,lll,  11«. 


lU. 


FootaiM  da  U  UaUe  aa  El^,  111,  f S, 

ilO. 
-— *—  daa  Baadrkttet,  III,  116. 
'  d<i  lattocoaa,  111,  8. 

dra  lovalidea.  111,  116. 

Saiat  Laaai«,  111,117. 

de  Lada,  111,  118. 

de  Saiat  Look,  111,  119. 

d4  Uak  U  Qiaad,  111,118. 

da  Uxambowf ,  111,  119. 

— ~— —  do  Marofcd  aax   CbaYaai, 


111,110. 


-Saiat  Maitia,  111,110. 
-MaabaAt,  111,110. 
.de  Saiat  Michel,  111,  IM. 
•  da  la  ff«a  MoatoMrtre,  111, 


Ul. 


115. 


.  da  Palaiiar,  111,111. 
.  da  Paradia,  111,111. 
-  da  Parvia  Notre  Dane,  III, 


114. 


•daaPetiuP«fca,lll,  115. 
•  de  U  PUce  de  ricoie.  111, 


.deUPUc«llaabafft,lII.69. 
de  b  Place  da  Palaiaftojal, 


111,  114. 

de  la  Placa  Saiat  Solpice, 


111,  115. 


17. 


deb  Place  deaVoaget,  111, 


-de  Poocrao,  111,70. 

•  de  Poptncoort,  111,  110. 

•  dea  R^collcU,  III,  110. 

•  de  Richclico,  111,110. 

•  Saiat  ScTfria,  III,  110. 
deTaalaW,  111,110. 

■  daa  ToaracUts,  111,117. 
da  VeadOa»e,lll.  117. 


Saiat  Viciur,  III,  IIH. 

For  I'Af  «(pic,  I,  7n. 

Foaadalioa  of  a  cbapcl,  aio^br  coo- 

ditioB  of,  1,139. 
— — ^  of  Par ia,  L 
Fooadliofr*,  bvw  maiolalocd  furmci- 

If.  11,  5^0;  aold,534}. 
f-'i>«aUioa,  III,  lOJ. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


492 


INDBX. 


FoorBtiMly  1,  S5S. 

d'Enfcr,  I,  551. 

Fnncit  I.,  made  priioner,  l?ii ;  per- 
•ecQtes  the  proCetUnto^ ;  repents 
of^t,lxi.  . 

Fraocifcaof,  cooTent  o(  fi  249. 

Franklloj  Benjamin,  ceremony  in  ho* 
noarof,  III,2&d. 

Franka  descend  upon  Gaol,  zt. 

under  the  firtt  djnaatj,  power 

of  the  kings  diminished,  ZYii ;  cause 
of  the  subTCTsion  of  tlie  throne, 
jLf  ii ;  ciTil  institutions  of,  six ;  com- 
merce of,  ziz ;  mannfactores  of,  u ; 
literature  of,  zzi. 

■  '  under  the  second  dynasty,  zzi ; 
commerce  of,  zzt  ;  morak  of,  ii?i. 

Fraud,  pious,  xz?,  I,  158,  III,  298  ; 
practised  upon  king  Robert,  III, 
203. 

Free-masonry,  II,  208. 

Fr^res  Gordonniers,  community  of, 
I,  558. 

Friar,  a  female.  III,  2&6. 

Fronde,  war  of  the,  zcix. 

Frondeors,  origin  of  name,  III,  246. 

Gabrielle  d'Estr^es,  death  of,  II,  196. 
Galas,  revolutionary.  111,  258. 
Gal^rie  des  Hommes  lUnstres,  II,  5i. 
Galilee,  empire  de,  II,  108. 
Gallantry  of  Louis  de  Bourdon,  HI, 

204. 
Gambling-booses^  11$  ^7,  532. 
Garde-Meuble  de  la  Gooronne»  HI, 

55 ;  robbery  of,  60. 
Garden  of  Planto,  II,  415. 
Gardens,  poblic,  II,  525. 
Gare  del' Arsenal,  III,  96. 
Gastino,  burnt  for  heresy,  I,  i64«  III, 

196. 
Gaol,  tribes  of  ancient,  vii;  lOYaded 

by  Cesar,  fiii ;  tribes  rerolt  against 

the  Romans,  viii ;  has  an  organised 

government,  xi. 
Gauls  fight  against  the  Romans,  z; 

are  defeated,  x. 


Generiire,  Sainte,   tlie  ^martmm  d 
Paris,  I,  556 ;  dan  nt  Fac^  IS 
thrine  of,  205  ;  oercaMsvy  tf  ^ 
tying  the  shrine  in  frnriMJ—.  2M. 

GeneviiTe,  Sainte,  abbey  of.  1«  M. 
dispute  in  tlie  chorcb,  tM;  srfba 
of,  199  ;  apostolical  rhmmher,  a». 
reception  of  an  ai»bot,  fM;  rav^ 
mony  obserred  hj  tbe  isnais  i^ 

,  the  appointment  of  m  ht^tf  d 
Paris,  207. 

Genofftfans,  consents  oi;  I,SU. 

Germain-des-Pr^,  Saaat,  attcv  < 
1,  209;  plundered  bj  tbe^HP—. 
xziii,  1,  211;  privileges  ad  91. 
abbots  of,  211 ;  relics  or,  til ;  wab 
Jealous  of  their  priTilcfCB,  Sl9. 
sUte  of  the  Tasaals  oT.  Uf ;  ttw 
of,  228 ;  Tisited  by  Hcasy  fT^23L 

Germain,  Saint,  laaboar;g,  staAeia  ifct 

-  seTenteenth  ccntmy^  II1,3U. 
Gibbets,  111,  62. 

Gipseys,  I,  555;  preacbed  sfmsst hj 

the  bbhop  of  Paris,  SM. 
Glass,  plate,  mnttn£Kte«T  «4  111,  iL 
Globes,  remarkable,  II,  XM. 
Gobelins*,  manufactnre  dn.  Iff,  L 
Grenadier,  murder  of  s.  111.  94. 
Grenelle,  chiteau  de,  11,  IM. 

Plaine  de.  III,  Ml. 

Grenier  de  R^scnre,  III,  17. 

4  Sel,  111,  IS. 

an  Sel,  II,  IM. 

Guardian  Ai^,  Cratcni ty  of  At,  U 

94. 
Gnet,le,  11,155. 
Guinches,  II,  556. 
Guinguettes,  II,  52f. 
Guises,  assassination  of  tbe,  kcoL 
Gynecaa,  xx. 

HaUeauBl«,Ul,ll. 

aux  Draps  et  ToOea,  III,  It. 

4Uaiar^,  III.  19. 

aux  Veanx,  III,  15. 

.  4  la  Yiande,  III,  ft. 

,  aux  YItnx  Lingss,  III,  M. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


INDEX. 


493 


Halle  am  YiDaet  Eaoi-de-Vie,  III,  16. 

41a  VoUmeetauGibier^  111,20. 

Henry  of  England  proclaimed  king  of 
France,  Ui. 

II.  takes  arms  againft  his  fa- 
mily, xiTiii ;  accident  fatal  to,  III^ 
52. 

III.  flight  oC  II»  15;  assassi- 
nation of,  Ixxxi? ;  progress  of  arts 
under,  Ixxxfi. 

IV.  besieges  Paris,  IzzxtI;  em- 
braces Catholicism,  Ixxxvii ;  enters 
Paris,  Ixxxix;  issues  the  edict  of 
Nantes,  xci ;  magnanimity  of,  xc; 
attempt  to  assassinate^  II,  74;  ad- 
▼entnreof,  111,245;  assassination 
of,  259;  statue  of,  158  ;  statue  sa- 
inted at  the  rcYolution,  150. 

— .  VIII.  of  England,  funeral  ser- 

▼ice  for,  I,  25.       , 
Hermetic  science^  curious  ideas  of  an 

amateur  of  the,  I,  8. 
Hoax,  a.  III,  254. 

Holy  Sepulchre,  fraternity  of  the,  I, 

544. 
H6pital  de  Sainte  Anne,  I,  557. 
—-  Saint  Antoine,  II,  521. 

Beau}on,  II,  525. 

de  Bic«tre,  II,  520. 

de  la  jChariti,  II,  518. 

Oftchin,  II,  521. 

des  Gonvalescens,  I,  555. 

desiEo&ns,  II,  524. 

des  Eofans  Rouges,  II,  550. 

des  Enrans  Trouv^s,  I,  555. 

.  du  Saint  Esprit.  I,  555. 

— -  de  Saint  Enstache,  I^  556. 

de  Saint  Jacques,  I,  556. 

de  Saint -Jacqves-ilu- Haut- 

Pas,  I.  187. 

Saint  Louis,  II,  524. 

■  de  Saint  Merri,  I,  556. 

Neckcr,  II,  522. 

.  des  Orphelines,  I,  557. 

des  Orphelines  du  Saint  En- 

bnt  Jesus,  I,  557. 
^  des  Petites  Malson^,  II,  554. 


H6pital  de  la  PitSi,  Il«  518. 
T  des  Qninze  Vingts,  U,  540. 

*    ■  Ha  b  8alp*tri*re,  II,  527. 
— -%-  de  Sant*,  I,  557. 
des  Sorars  de  la  Cbariti^  1, 

555. 

de  Saint  Sulpice,  I,  556. 

. de  la  Trinity,  I,  557. 

des  Viniriens,  II,  526. 

H6pital  militaire  de  la  Garde  Royale, 

II,  551. 

de  Piepns,  II,  551. 

■  du  fal-de-GrAce,  II, 

551. 
Hotse  races,  cxxxiii. 
Hospice  GUniqne  de  I'^colede  Hide- 

cine,  II,  551. 

des  Enfans  TrouT^s,  II,  556. 
des  Incurables  Femmes,  II, 


552. 


■  des  Incnrables  Homjnes,  II, 
554. 

des  Manages,  II,  554. 

■  des  Orphelios,  II,  540. 
Hospitaliiresde  Saint  Anasta8e,I,554. 
de  Sainte  Catherine,  I,* 

554. 


557. 


—  de  Saint  Genrais,  1, 554. 

—  de   U  Misericorde,  I, 

de  Notre  Dame,  I,  556. 

de  la  Roqnctte,  I,  556. 

Hospitaliers  de  Saint  Jean  de  Jerusa- 
lem, I,  504. 

Hospitals,  II,  500 ;  general  adminis- 
tration of,  512 ;  malad ministration 
(fr,  509 ;  establishments  connected 
with,  548  ^  population  of.  III,  464; 
466  ;  accompts  of,  465. 

H6tel  d'Angleterre,  III,  251. 

d*Armagnac,  II,  186. 

Barbette,  II,  187. 

de  la  Bsrre,  II,  188. 

de  BeauTais,  II,  189. 

du  doc  de  Berri,  II,  180. 

de  la  reine  Blanche,  II,  190. 

Borghese,  II,  100. 

— -  de  Bourbon,  II,  100. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


494 


INDEX. 


II6tel  da  Petit  Bourbon,  1J»  190. 

de  Bonrgogoe,  II9  192.  ^ 

BretooTilUen,  II»  191^     - 

— ^  de  Bullion^  II,  195. 

de  Garnaftlet,  II,  195. 

de  Ghouenl,  II,  194,  479. 

de  Glan]^  II,  194. 

de  Goodi,  II,  194. 

da  GontrolearG^n^ral,  II,  195. 

— —  Diea,  II,  M5;  dreadfbl  Bxfi  at 
the,  S17. 

. d'J&taiapet,  II,  197.  Ill,  15S, 

det  Fermv,  II,  197. 

de  FUndre,  II,  199. 

de  la  Force,  11,375. 

Fnacati,  II,  200. 

do  Ghaooioe  Fulbert,  II,  200. 

de  Gaillon,  I,  81. 

— »  des  Gardet  da  Corpt,  II,  200. 

deGaucherdeGhAtillon,II,200. 

de  Gesrrei^  II,  201. 

— >  deGrammoot,  II,  201. 

d'HerbovriUe,  II,  201. 

-: —  d'Hercale,  II,  204. 

des  loTaBdef,  II,  165 ;  origin  of 

the,  166 ;  espUnade  of  the,  166 ; 
church  and  dome,  166;  Tuited  bj 
Peter  the  Great,  170 ;  singnlar  mo- 
nnment  erected  upon  the  espla- 
nade, 170 ;  pretentt  made  by  Bona- 
parte, 171;  cnstomwhe&Tititedby 
the  king,  173. 

LMnbert,U,204. 

de  Lafal,  II,  205. 

de  Lehnn,  III,  244. 

-  de  Lctdigni^rea,  II,  20f. 

de  LoBgoeWUe,  II,  206.      * 

de  LottToit,  II,  207. 

— ^  de  Lnzembonrg,  II,  207.      ^ 
de  b  reine  Marguerite,  II,  208. 

de  Menarf ,  II,  209. 

de  Mfsmea,  II,  209. 

.^^  de  Mirabeaa,  II,  209. 

Monaco,  III,  254. 

dee  Monnaiet,  II,  147;  yitited 

by  the  pope,  151. 
•-^  dc  Montmorency^  II,  210. 
de  Mortagne,  II,  210. 


il6td  det 
211. 

•  det  Mooaqo^tairet  KoiSt  II,2fl 

de  Neile,  II,  255. 

de  Nerert,  II,  591. 

de  Niremoit,  II,  Sll. 

de  NoaiUet,  H,  212. 

d'Oigny,  II,  212. 

Saint  Paul,  II,  57S,  III.  2S. 

dn  Pet-ao-Diabfe,  II«  Sl«. 

det  Pottet,  II,  215. 

dn  Prince  det  GftOes,  m,  «m« 

de  Bambonillct,  IL,  2lx 

de  la  Reyni^re,  II,  US. 

de  Richeliea,  II,  tit. 

de  Rienz,  II,  219. 

de  Rochefoacnld,  II,  Stt. 

de  Rohan  MoaCbaaoa,  ILSU 

de  I^pyaomont,  II,  291 

de  Mm,  II,  182. 

de  Sent,tl«  220. 

de  Sicile,  II,  221. 

de  Sillcry,  II,  St. 

de  SoittOM,  II,  221. 

de  Soohke,  II,  Ui. 

de  Solly,  II,  225. 

de  Thelottoa,  II.  22A. 

do  Timbra  Btfal,  II,  224. 

de  TooloQse,  U,  224. 

do  Trteoricr,  U,  22^ 

d'Uset,  II,  225. 

de  Tenddme,  lU,  2%  U,  2S5. 

Hie  TUIe,  U,  151.  14*. 

Wagnm,  II,  226. 

Zone,  II,  226. 

Hontes,  excellent  plan  of  — liiiag 

III,  190. 
in  Paris,   prodnct  •(  HI- 

462. 
Hogoet  Gap§t,  pritioe  Chnrico  Ar 

potet  the  claimt  oC    u«b;  §■* 

difficolty in mnintainif  hit  Amk. 

zzvii. 
Hydraolio  machines.  III,  IMl 

Inpottor,extr»ordiB«ffy,  II.M5;  * 
high  life,  lll,20i 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


INDBX< 


495 


Imprimefie  Royale,  II,  IAS;  vbited 

by  the  pope,  II,  146. 
Indigens  bletsis,  itablissement  en  £»• 

▼ear  det,  II,  &50. 
Indastry,  expositioQ  of  the  prodnoti 

of  French,  II,  S07 ;  society  for  the 

encouragement  of  the  national,  506. 
Ingon's  stooe  coffin  fonnd,  1, 217. 
Institate  of  France,  II,  227. 
Institation  det  Jennet  ATeoglea,  II, 

545. 

de  Saint  Purine,  11,  355. 

des  Sourdf  et  Mnets,  II, 

544. 
Inttrument  of  torture,  horrible,  III^ 

258. 
Introduction,  1. 

Inundation  of  the  Seine,  III,  20. 
Iron  mask,  man  trith  the,  xcvi. 
Islands  at  Paris,  III»  87. 
Iycs,  Saint,  the  patron  of  suitors,  I, 

550.  * 

Jacobins,  II,  505 ;  oonrentsof,  1, 255, 
262 ;  number  of  kin|s'  and  princes 
buried  in  the  church  of,  256. 

James  II.  of  England,  place  of%)- 
termeot,  I,  296 ;  monument  of,  I, 
191. 

Jardin  Beaujon,  II,  528. 

in  Delta,  11,528. 

Marboeuf,  II,  529. 

^  de  ReuUli,  II,  218. 

Ruggieri,  II,  527. 

de  TivoU,  II,  527. 

Jean  Porte  Latioe,  Saint,  fraternity 
of,  I,  245. 

Jester,  kiog's,  II,  40. 

Jesuit,  rash  attempt  of  a,  1, 148. 

Jesuits,  dissolution  of  the  order,  czziii. 

Jews,  former  and  present  state  of  the, 
111,256. 

Joan  of  Arc  succours  Charles  VII., 
liii ;  is  wounded,  III,  280. 

John,  king,  marches  against  the  Eng- 
lish, xxxvii;  is  made  prisoner  and 
'  conducted  to  England,  xxsviii ;  dis- 


turbances dnrittg  the  captivity  of, 
xxsviii ;  returns  from  captirity, 
xIR ;  goes  back  to  London  and  dies 
there,  xHil. 

Joumie  du  20  Juio,  11^  20. 

dn  10  Aoat,  II,  25. 

Joutes  snr  I'eau,  II,  5i0. 

Joyenae,  P^re  Ange,  tomb  of,  1, 284. 

Jogea  Gonsulf,  II,  105;  ceremony  of 
eleotiog,  105. 

Julian  comes  into  Gaul,  xi. 

Jnlien  dea  M6nitriers,  Saint,  content 
of,  I,  288. 

Jords  Grienrs,  Bureau  des.  If,  104. 

Jurisdiction  des  Eanx  et  Por0ts,  II,  95. 

Justes  nu  Corps,  III,  255. 

Justice  fie  Notre  Dame,  II,  105. 

Kingston,  celebrated  duchess  of.  III, 
221. 

Lobienus  marches  upon  Paris,  Tiii. 

La  Chaise,  P^re,  III,  558. 

Ladder,  jtaoishment  of  the.  III,  186. 

Lafayette,  g«niral  de,  III,  209. 

Lamotte,  couotess  de,  II,  529,  III, 
247. 

Lamps,  number  of  in  Paris,  III,  192. 

Law,  origin  and  progress  of  the  study 
of,  II,  277. 

— —  system  of  finance  of,  II,  468; 
conversion,  159  ;  flight  and  death, 
.165. 

Lazare,  Saint,  fair  of,  I,  294. 

Lazarists,  couTeots  of,  I,  294,  296. 

Le  Bron,  monument  of,  1, 115. 

Legion  of  Honour,  palace  of  the,  II, 
182;  establishment  of  the,  483  ( 
school  of  the,  546 ;  number  of  mem- 
bers and  revenue  of  the,  185* 

Lenotre,  epitaph  of,  I,  82. 

Lapers,  hospital  of,  I,  294. 

Leu,  Saint,  miraculous  cures  of,  1)95. 

Liberty,  figure  of.  III,  47. 

Liberies,  II,  585, 402. 

Ligue,  conspiracy  of  the,  Ixxvii. 

Lodgings  in  Paris,  product  of.  111, 
462.  • 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


496  INDEX. 

V 

y                            Loadutfaps,  promenade  of»  III,  U2.  I;  prbon  of   tte,  SS7:  ▼« 

Lords  of  the  court  become  commer-  opinjoo  of  tbe    12. 

cial  tpecoUton,  III,  16.                   •  Lolly,  moniimeaf  of,  I,  178. 

Lorraine,  cardinal de,  narrow esoape  Lnnatio  Ajyliuaa,  If,  S49,  tSX. 

of.  III,  tt9.  Lnttee,  forfreM  of,  v 

Lottery,  receiptt  of,  III«  474.  name,  wi, 

hotttntB,ll,mh.  Lniemboorg,  feotmioe  a^  m   HI 

Loom,  ion  of  Philip  I.,  reparation  giUery  of  the,  II     44  •  sh^i  ^ 

made  by.  III,  tW.  the,  46 ;  groete  dJ,   III,  lO^^p 

r^                               VI.  check,  the  power  of  the  lace  of  the,  11,  At ;  le  MM,i9L 

noble,  xxix.  Lnxory  of  modem  P«i.i.«.i;:.  rt 

VII,,  cmel^  of.  III ;  cmaade 

of,  xzxi.         * 

.  YIII.  triea  to  drive  the  Eng- 


Laynea,,  Albert  de,  adaaiMUtaa^ 


zcu. 
isng- 

liih  from  the  continent,  xz^, 


IX,  morality  of,  xxxiii;  crti-    Machine,  diaboUcnl,  III,  m. 
tadet  of,  aixiu.  •  Madeionnette^  coavemt  o^  1,  fit 


SXZT. 


X.,  diMirdcr.  of  the  court  of,    J**^*^*  "» *^- 

Magoetism,  animal. 


XI.,  coronation  of,  Ur;  po.-  ^aignn,  Saiac,  a— iiiBUiw  d  *a 

»tt$t»  considerable  knowledge,  U? ;  ^^^  ^^  ".  *«• 

dread  of  death,  ifi,  III,  197.  MaiUoUna,  i\w.   *                    • 

XIII.,8tatne  of,  111^55; heart  Maiaon  d'Accoochemest,  II,  IT. 


of,  I,  105.  d'Arrftt  dc  la  Gmg4m 

-XIV.  beginning  of  rciga  Tcry       •'•»  ''*  ^^ 


stormy,  xcTiii ;  lustre  of  reign  di-  Royale  dc  i 

mioished  at  the  death  of  Colbert,  — ^-—  Colbert,  II,  fM. 

cx^ ;  singular  spectacle  at  the  court  de  la  Coortana  dtk,  II,  USl 

of,  111,  228;  statue  of,  27,  58, 42 ;  ,  da  Doyeo,  U,  Ifi. 

counsel  to  his   saccessor,  cxviil  ;  ■  d'£dacatic«    de    In 

leares  the  finances  in  a  deplorable       d'Honneur,  II,  546. 

state,  cxx.  des  Fiacres,  II,  fltS. 

•  XV.  creates  an  order  in   bis  des Francs BoigcoM  lll,34X 


childhood.  III,  295;  statue  of,  45;   d'Henri  IV.,  III.  117. 

attempt  to  assassinate^  cxxUi*  de  Saint  Lovis,  II,  2tC. 

•  XVl.   goes   to  the  H6tel  de   de  lanieSainlllartia,II»SML 


Ville,  cxxni;qaiU  Paris,  cxxTiii;  is  de  Mont  Lonia,  II,  aM,tUL 

arrested  and  brought  back,  cxxf  iii ;       558. 

wriles  to  the  elector   of  Trires,  •  dn  Patriircfae,  II.  5U. 

cxxx  ;  death  of,  111,  52 ;  interment  •  da  Poids  do  Rot,  II,  214. 

of,  571 ;  disinterment,  574;  traqf-  de  Retraite,  II,  555w 

l^n  to  Saint  Denis,  579  ;  services  de  Sante,  U,  52#. 

performed  for,  582.  ■  Royale  d^  Sent*,  II,  ISt. 

LooTois^  character  of.  III,  262.   •  de  Scipioo,  II,  S48. 

Loarre,  chapeUe  da,  1, 190 ;  court  of  Maisona du  Jen,  II,  57,  W2. 

the,  II,  12 ;  gaUery  of  the,  16, 19 f  Mai  des  Ardens,  1, 556. 

grosse  toor  do,  2|  5 ;  palace  of  the.  Manege,  III,  2S0w 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


Manoltctorief,  royal,  III,  i. 

•*— — ■^— •  of  dockf  tDd  watches. 
111,452. 


111,455. 


-  of  brooxef,  III,  452. 

-  of  gavizef,  shiwlf,  etc., 

•  of  cotton  yarn.  Ill,  454. 
Manofactory  of  gold  aod  Mdwtr  ttuffi , 

;      III,  32. 

^     Manufactare  dea  Giaoes,  III,  4. 

' dea  Gobelina,  III,  i. 

"     de  PorceUine,  III,  421. 

de  la  SaYoanerie,  HI,  5. 

Manafacturet  in  gold  and  fUyer,  III, 
&         450. 
t     Manumiiaion,  I,  220. 

Marat,  hononct  rendered  to,  1, 152  ; 
t  aaaattinaUon  of.  III,  235 ;  memory 
I         inaolted,  1, 132 ;  tombeau  de,  II,  34. 

Marchandf  Drapien,  boreaa  des,  II. 
207. 

I     Marcel,  titienne,  occaiions  diitarb- 

•ncei  at  Parii,  xxxviii ;  iikiUcd,  xlii. 

MarchA  de  I'Abbaye  Saint  Martin, 

I  '^*'>  lv« 

■  d'Agaesteaa,  III,  19. 

.  de  I'Apport,  III,  15. 

.  Beaarean,  III,  20. 

•  dei  BlancaManteanx^III,  21. 

de  Boulainrilliers,  III,  19. 

dea  Cannes,  III,  21. 

Sainte  Catherine,  111^19. 

anx  Chevaux,  III,  15, 

anx  Cnirs,  HI,  20. 

anx  Fleon  et  aux  Arbostei, 

111,22. 

tnx  Fonrragea,  III,  22. 

aux  Froits,  III,  22. 

Saint  Germain,  HI,  9^ 

dcf  Herboristea,  HI,  22., 

de  Saint  Honor^,  HI,  21. 

dea  Innocens,  HI,  8. 

det  Jacobinf,  HI,  21. 

Saint  Jean,  HI,  15. 

Saint  Jofcph,  HI,  21. 

'  auxPommefde  Torre,  111,22. 


INDEX.  497 

March6  &  ia  Volaillc  ct  au  Gibier,  HI 
20.  * 

Marguerite,  queen,  eccentric  habit, 
HI,  285;  fonaenU  to  the  diaM>|u- 
tion  of  her  marriage,  28. 
Marie  Antoinette,  reception  in  France  . 
Ill,  48 ;  marriage  of,  49 ;  execution 
of,  54 ;  interment  of.  571 ;  diain- 
-  terment,  374;  tranalation  to  Saint 
Denis,  579;  service  performed  for. 
582.  * 

Market,  first    established   in  Pari« 
HI,  5.  ' 

Markets,  HI,  5;  established  bj  Phi- 
lip Augustus,  6 ;  regulated  by  Saint 
Louia,  7. 
Marriage,  formerly  celebrated  at  the 

door  (Of  the  church,  I,  111, 
Marriages  in  Paris,  HI,  440. 
Martin  des  Champs,  Saint,  convent 

of,  1,  258. 
Mary  de  Midicis,  regency  of,  xcii. 
Masquerade,  accident  at  a,  HI,  52. 
MassacA  of  Saint  Bartholomew'a  day, 

Ixx. 

Blaster  of  the  Sentences,  a  name  gjven 

to  Peter  Lombard,  I,  08  ;  tomb  of. 

11,551.  ' 

MM  de  Gocagne,  II,  541. 

Mathnrins,  conrent  of,  I,  244;  epi- 

Uphs  in  the  church,  245. 
Mazarin,  bibliothiqoe,  II,  258;  col- 

1^,255;  palais,591. 
Mazarin,  cardinal,  administration  of, 
xcTiii ;  quits  France,  cxy;  returns, 
cxT ;  flight  of,  HI,  45 ;  tomb  of. 
II,  257;  portrait  torn  by  a  mob. 
1, 261.  ' 

May,  ceremony  of  the,  1, 18. 
Medicine,  origin  ibd  progress  of  the 
study  of,  II,  281 ;  ficole  de,  285  ; 
professors  forbidden  to  marry,  HI. 
2H. 
Mendicant  order,  riches  of  a,  I,  275. 
Mercoeur,  due  de,  dreaded   by  the 
Turks,  Al,  285. 


VOL.  III. 


Mercure  galant,  xcit. 


2  I 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


488 


INDEX. 


Combat  des  ATeogUi  et  da  Goobon,  GoorBtUvtff  111,  18. 

II,  541.  de  Camtioa,  U,  iff. 

Committee  of  Poblio  Safetj,  report  de«Go«ptet«  llr4ii« 

of,  czixiii.  — ^  dei  Miradet,  111* 

Compaoicf ,  tradiogy  IxxxT.  dea  Moooaies,  II,  tS. 

GoQcertt,  II»  550.  Royale,  II,  ii*. 

Conoiergerie ,  1 1,  971 ,  Covra  Fltoiirea,  1 1 ,  M. 

ConciDi,  Florentin,  administntjon  of.  Courts*  HI,  296. 
zcU. 

vConfriiie  de  I'AJoyaa,  I,  545. 

de  Saint  Loc,  II,  251. 

de  la  PaMioD,  II,  454. 

Connitablie  et  Mar^cbaon^,  II,  04, 

Conteil  gioiral  de  la  GommoDe,  II,  Grobiera,  -conTentof,  I 

159. 


of  Joatice  in  Fi«ci,  II,  \ 
CrtbiHoo,  aervM  ft  Mm  W9ftm 

tbesonlof,  I,  505. 
Creqoi,  mooaneat  of,  1,  Stt. 
Crime,  extraordinary,  IIL,  SU. 


le  Grand,  II,  87. 

— —  def  Qaarante,  II,  157. 

detSeiae,  11,156. 

det  Trente-Six,  xxxTiii. 

de  la  Saint  Union,  II,  157. 

Conienratoire  det  Arts  et  Metiers,  II, 

448 ;  its  rarions  diyisions,  450. 

Consumption  of  Paris,  III,  449. 

Convents,  dissolution  of,  cxxxi. 

Coorentsof  5Ieo,  1, 197;  number  at 
tbe  revolution,  197;  revenue  at  tbe 
revolution,  506^ 

Convents  of  Women,  I,  506;  num- 
ber at  tbe  revolution,  506 ;  revenue 
at  tbe  revolution,  555. 

Convulsionists,  I,  116. 

Copyists,  HI,  275. 

Cordeii^res,  abbey  of,  I,  508. 

Cordeliers,  convent  of,  1 ,  249 ;  a  num- 
ber of  distinguisbed  persons  buried 
in  tbe  cburcb,  251 ;  a  repository  of 
books  at  tbe  revolution,  255. 

CorneiUe  sbeds  lustre  upon  tbe  Frencb 
stage,  II,  462. 

Coronation  of  Bonaparte,  1, 47. 

medals  distributed,  1,65. 

Corroset,  epitapb  of,  I,  264. 

Costume,  funeral.  III,  554. 

Councils  beld  at  Paris,  I^  55. 

Counts  of  Paris,  ponvcr  of,  xxv. 

Cour  des  Aides,  II,  91. 

d'Assises,  11,  UO. 


Crosses  in  public  pUces,  III,  tBC. 
Cupola,  grand,  HI,  IS. 
Curfew,  established  in  Fruttce,  iS. 
Custom,  singular,  I,  AM. 
Gnstom<hoose,  receipts  oC  HI,  ^^^ 
Customs,   ancient,  II,  534;  af  *a 
fourteenth  century,  Ill»  55. 

Dagobert's  tomb,  HI,  S89«  4fti. 
Dames  de  rAssomption,  wsaat  •'^ 

I,  512. 
— .  de  Saint  Aore,  uumttrnt  aC  I, 

514. 
« de  TAve-Maiis,  tm^^  a*. 

I,  514. 
de  Saint  Avnie,  i4MstnK  aC 


I,  517. 


.  de  Belle-Chaaae, 
I,  510. 
du  Bon  Pastevr, 


I,  518. 

— ->—  du  Calvatre.  convent  rf,  I,  B2. 
du  Cberche-Midi,  conreni  «C 

I,  524. 
de  la  GooceftioQ,  muiwt  aC 


I,  526. 

deb  Croix,  convent  «i;  I,  33*- 

de  Sainte  ibiaabeth,  eM«ctf 

of,  I,  526. 
de  la  Jnsaienf  J  UMivet  <C 

I,  528. 
de  U  MadeleiAc  de  Tn 


convent  of,  I,  529. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


IKOEX. 


499 


OrmeMon,  presidcDf,  di^ified  con- 
coct of,  III,  271. 
* 

P«gan  temples  at  Paris,  )^  2. 

Pageaot  apon  the  entry  of  Itabella  of 
Bavaria*  III,  77. 

Palace,  Archbithop'i,  I,  78. 

i-  of  the  LoQTK,  II,  i. 

of  the  Luxembourg,  U,  41. 

.  of  the  Tnileriea,  11,  14. 

Palaii  fiourboa,  II,  60. 

d«  I'£lyt«e  Boarboa,  II,  6». 

■  de  Joitice,  II,  64  ;  garden  of 

the,  65;  grand  hall  of  the,  07. 
-  de  la  L^ion  d'Hoabear, 


182. 


n, 


— -  Maiarin,  II,  B91. 

Royal,  II,  48;  eircat  of  the, 

57 ;  galleries,  56 ;  garden,  56 ;  place 

du,  59  ;  th4Atre  du,  475. 

du  Temple,  II,  117. 

des  Thermes,  II,  127. 

-  des  Toomelles,  III,  ftl. 


Panthemoat,  abbey  of,  I,  S09, 

Pantheon,  church  of  Sainte  GeneTii? e 
conyerted  Into  a^  I,  12S;  restored 
to  Dirine  worship,  152. 

Pare  de  Monceaux,  III,  517. 

Paris,  deacon,  miracles  at  the  tomb 
of,  I,  117. 

origin  of,  i ;  etymology  of,  vi ; 

becomes  a  city,  xa ;  becomes  a  mu- 
nicipality, xi ;  is  besieged  by  the 
Normans,  xxir ;  is  attacked  by  Otho 
II.,  xxIt;  ceases  to  be  the  resi- 
dence of  kings,  XX? ;  is  besieged  by 
Edward  III.  of  Sagland,  xlii ;  is 
created  an  f  rchbishop's  see,  xcir ; 
under  the  Romans,  tUi  |  under  the 
Meroringian  dynasty,  xt  ;  under 
thtCarloringiaa  dynasty,  xxi ;  un- 
der the  Gapctiaa  dynasty,  xxvii; 
under  Louis  V.,^  xxtU;  under  Hu- 
gues  Capet,  xxtii;  under  Robert 
11.,  xxviii ;  under  Henry  I.,  xxTiil ; 
under  Philip  I.,  xxix;  under  Louis 
Yl.^xxix;  under  Louis  VII.,  xxx  ; 


under  Philip  II,,  xxxi ;  under  Louis 
VIII.,  xxxii  ;  under  Louis  IX., 
xxxiii;  under  Philip  III.,  xxxiii ; 
under  Philip  IV.,  xxxIt;  under 
Louis  X.,  xxxT ;  under  Philip  V., 
xxxyi ;  under  Charles  IV.,  xxxvi ; 
under  Philip  VI.,  xxxtU;  under 
Jean,  xxxvii ;  under  Charles  V.,  xliii; 
under  Charles  VI.,  xlir;  under 
Charies  VII.,  lii;  under  Loois  XI.» 
liT  ;  under  Charles  YIII.^  Ivl ;  un- 
der Louis  XII.,  Ifii ;  under  Fran- 
cis I.,  Wii;  under  Henry  II.,  Ixii ; 
under  Francis  II.,  Ixiii;  under 
Charles  IX.,  Ixiii;  under  Henry 
III.,  Ixxvii ;  under  Henry  IV., 
Ixxxyi;  under  Louis  XIII.,  xdi ; 
under  Louis  XIV.,  xct;  under 
Louis XV., xc? ;  under  Louis  XVI., 
cxxT ;  afterthe  death  of  Louis  XVI., 
cxxxiii ;  under  the  Conrention, 
cxxxiii;  under  the  Directory  and 
Councils,  cxxxvi. 

Parisii,  a  tribe  of  strangers,  iii ;  not 
a  free  nation  under  the  Romaas,  x  ; 
manners  of,  xiii. 

Parlement,  II,  75 ;  simple  habits  of 
the,  75 ;  yiolence  offered  to  the, 
Ixxxiii ;  exiled,cxxii ;  recalJed,cxiii. 

Parris  de  Notre  Dame,  I,  76. 

Pasquier,  l&tienne,  epitaph  by  him- 
self, I,  107. 

Passages^  III,  504. 

Parement  of  Paris,  superficies  of,  UI, 
195. 

Paria,  battle  of,  Wii. 

Peerage,  institution  of  the,  II.  78. 

Peers,  palace  of  the  (ihamberof,  II, 
41. 

Penance,  II,  520. 

Penitents  of  the  third  Order  of  Saint 
Francois,  convent  of,  I,  289,  290. 

Pepin  le  Href,  xxi. 

Perine,  Saint,  abbey  of,  I,  529. 

Periodical  work,  first  published  in 
Paris,  xcIt. 

Perrinet  le  Clere  opens  the  city  gate 
to  the  duke  deDourgogne,III,l97. 
2l  * 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


500 


INDEX. 


Pctili  Peres,  nhy  to  called^  I,  J79. 
People  FrtD^aify  ci^ssal  statae  of, 

III,  41. 
Pharmacie  Genfrale,  II,  348. 
Philip,  yoang  king,  lulled,    II,  266. 

' I.  excommaDicated,  zxix. 

-^  Aagastus,  atrengthens  the  roy- 
al power,  xxxi ;  undertakea  a  cra- 

sade,  zxxii. 
III.,  progrecs  of  ci?ilizaUoii 

UDder,  xxxir. 
IV.  penecutea  the  Templars^ 

zxxT,  III,  117 ;  gWet  deadly  blows 

to  the  feudal  system,  zxzt. 
■■  VI.  lights  np  a  war  between 

Englaod  and  France,  xxxTii. 
Physician,  fatal  ignorance' of  a.  III, 

252. 
Pichegro,  monument  of,  111,570. 
Pictore  against  the  Hnguenots,  1, 108. 
Piety  of  the  dauphin,  father  of  Louis 

XVin.,  I,  91. 
FUori,  le.  III,  7. 
Place  dn  Carrousel,  II,  Si ;  arc  de 

Triomphe  de  la,  32. 

Dauphine,  III,  65. 

de  France,  III,  199. 

Saint  Gerrals,  III,  69. 

— —  deGrdrc,  III,  61;  spot  where 

couTicts  are  executed,  62. 
Louw  XV.,   Ill,  42;   dreadful 

accident  in,  50 ;  disturbance  in,  50 ; 

executions  upon  the,  54 ;  Te  Deum 

sang  upon  the,  55. 

Maubert,  111,68. 

Royale,  III,  50. 

VendOme,  III,  X7  ;  column  of 

the,  28. 

des  Victoires,  III,  57;  lanterns 

of  the,  59. 

PUine  de  Crenelle,  III,  515;  attack 
in  the,  515 ;  spot  where  soldiers  are 
executed,  516. 

d'Irry,  III,  517. 

deMontronge,  111,516;  troops 

encamped  in,  516» 

dcVaugirard,  III,  517. 


PUU  des  Koccs,  f ,  til. 

Pois^,  cattle  OMcicC   aC,   lU,  * 

caisaede,  24. 
Pompadour^  miil<Mn  4e,  w%ar  W 

ried,  I,  529. 
Pompe  du  Post  Notre  Dmc,  m,  IK. 

de  la  SmmtmtHmmmt,  III.  ML 

Pompe-lhlea  de  Gbeflfet,  III,  te. 
dsGranCasBM,UI,K. 


I 


Pont  dea  Arti,  III,  tf2. 

au  Change,  111,  iim. 

Saint  Charlea,  in,  €»m. 

de  la  Ca^,  III,  it7;  4mM 

accident  epon,  flS8. 

an  Doeble,  lU,  t»t. 

de  Grammoat,  III,  flSS. 

dealnval»dea,III,i«f;ih^ 

attempts  to  blow  te  a^  tf7. 
•^—  dn  Jardin  dea  PIsBtea,  UU  Oa. 

Louis  XVI,  III,  MS. 

Marie,  III,  i5«. 

Saint  Michel,  lU,  t». 

Neuf,  III,  iM. 

Notre  DeoM,  III,  li9;  taiima 

ny  of  driTing  tbe  ifst  pOe,  Ui. 

fails  down,  141 ;  Isfulj  —eh*- 

namented,  145. 

le  Petit,  III,  li». 

Royal,  III,  1«5. 

de  la  TowMOe,  111,  1S7. 

Pope,  bnmt  in  digy ,  II,  S7 ;  Pans  1 V . 

arrires  at  Paris,  I,  47. 
Popnlatioo  of  Paris,  III^  44*. 
Port  MahoB,  gftDcry  <i«.  III,  SU. 
Port  Royal,  abbey  of,  l«  M*. 
Porte  Saint  /LBtoine,  III,  71. 

Saint  Bernard,  III,  7». 

de  la  Goaftience,  III,  41, 

Saint  Deals,  III,  74. 

Saint  MattiB,  III.  79. 

Porte-Croix,  eovreat  4e,  I,  S«5, 
Post-Oftce,  prodncf  of.  III,  471^ 
Poste,  Petite,  establislK^  cxxy. 
Prades.  abb«  de,  asngvUr  *isii  t . 

1, 148. 
Praslin,  dndieiae  de,  ciio«s  wA  ^ 

111,209. 
Pr^aox-ClcTCSf  I,  227. 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


INDBX. 


501 


Premootf^s,  conTentt  of,  I,  244. 
PrerogatiTc  of  the  Gharch,  I,  200. 
Present!,  municipal,  II,  158;  III,  78. 
Pr^trei  de  la  Doctrine  Chr6tienne, 

coDTent  of,  I,  288. 
— -  de  la  Bliiaton,  convent  of,  I, 

294;  is  pillaged,  290. 

>  de  l'Oratoire>  content  of,  I, 


290,  291. 
Pr^Tdtof  Paris  is  first  mentioned,  xxix. 
PreT6t«  de  I'HOtel,  II,  90. 
Price  of  laboor,  etc.  in  the  fifteenth 

centory,  I,  547. 
Priest,  French,  the  first  who  manied, 

I,  99. 

Princes,  French,  impeached,  cxzx. 
Printers  intited  to  Paris,  1, 152. 
Printing  introduced  into  Paris,  1,150; 
prohibited  by  Francis  I.,  159. 

— offices  in  Paris,  III,  457. 

Prison  de  I'Abhaye  Saint  Germain, 

II,  579. 

• de  I'Abbesse  de  Montmartre, 

II,  5^0. 

de  Saint  Benoit,  II,  509. 

de  Bic«tre,  II,  550. 

dn  Ghapitre  de  Notre  Dame, 

II,  507. 

da  GhftteleC  (Grand),  II,  505. 

da  Ghitelet  (Petit),  II,  505. 

dc  Saint  filoi,  II,  509. 

dc  r^Tdqae  de  Paris,  II,  500. 

^  de  Ja  Force  (Grand),  II,  575. 

de  la  Force  (Petit),  II,  570. 

de  Sainte  GencTilTe,  II,  500, 

—  de  Saiat  Lazare,  II,  579. 

—  da  LooTre,  II,  557. 

.  des  Btadefonnettes,  II,  578. 

de  Saint  Magloire,  II,  509. 

■■"  de  Mnt-Martin-des-Obampf, 


II,  508. 

-  de  Montaigo,  II,  582. 


565. 


-  de  Netle^  II,  505. 
-de  Saint  Pelagic,  II,  577. 
•  da  Pr«y6t  des  Marchand»,  II, 

-  da  Temple,  II,  508. 


Prison  de  Tiron,  II,  570. 

du  TrAorier  de  la  Sainte  Gha- 

pelle,  11/508. 

de  Saint  Victor,  II,  509. 

Prisons,  II,  554;  number  under  Loais 
XIV.,  555  ;  amelioration  of  the 
system  of,  550;  massacres  in  the, 
572,  570,  580. 

Priyilege  claimed  by  cardinals,  III, 
201. 

Procession ,  of  the  Vow  of  Loois  XI 1 1 . , 
I,  10;  of  the  Redaction  of  Paris, 
17;  of  the  Rogations,  17  ;  on  Palm 
Sunday,  19 ;  du  Grand  Pardon,  91 ; 
of  children,  107;  of  Saint  Jacques, 
109  ;  to  expiate  sacrilege,  1A2;  ce- 
lebrated, 557. 

Progress  of  empires,  gradual,  i. 

Project,  vast,  filmed  by  Bonaparte, 
III,  20. 

Prostitution  at  Paris,  III,  200, 204. 

Protestantism  introduced  into  France; 
Iriii. 

Protestants  persecuted,  lis,  Ixiii,  cxri ; 
tolerated,  Ixi,  xci;  attack  upon,  xcir. 

PuiU  d'Amour,  III,  291. 

Purgatory,  deliterancefrom,  111,250. 

Pyramid,  formerly  in  the  Place  du 
Pabis  de  Justice,  II,  74  ;  republi- 
can, III,  44;  of  Ghiseh,  represen- 
tation of,  II,  594. 

Quarries,  under  Paris,  III,  528 ;  great 

danger  from,  529. 
Quays,  III,  107  ;  first  built  at  Paris, 

107 ;  many  built  by  Bonaparte,  108. 
Queen,  an  atrocious.  III,  248. 

Races,  II,  550. 

Ramus,  assassination  of,  II,  271. 

Raraillao  assassinates  Henry  IV.^ Ill, 

259. 
Recluses,  1, 105,  III,  289. 
RecoUetes,  con? ent  of,  I,  550. 
Recollets,  convent  of,  I,  282. 
Regent,  the,  a  celebrated  diamond, 

III,  01. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQlC 


502  INDEX. 

Regnaud,  family  of,  guillotined,  111»  Roe  Barre  da  Bee,  111,  SOA. 

W5.  detBafTet,lll,204. 

Reli,  cardinal  de,  c ;  scrrile  compli-  de  Barille,  111,  205. 

mcnt  to,  1,  149.  de  Bcattjoloia,  III,  205. 

Rerien  in  Ghampt  £ljrs^et,  III,  910.  Bellelbnd,  III,  205. 

Reviews,  II,  530.  dea  Beroardina,  III,  205. 

ReTolution»  commenoement of,  cxxt ;  — —  de  Beny,  III,  200. 

causes  of,  cxxvi.  B^tbisy,  III,  206. 

Ribands,  II,  55.  de  U  Bibliotheqiie,  IIU  20*. 

Ricfaelien, cardinal, administratioo of,  de  la  Bienfaisanoe,  III,  207. 

xciii;   gives   hia   palace  to   Looia  des  BUlettca,  III,  207. 

XIII.,  II,  49;  theaia  of,  I,  U7  ;  Bissy,  III,  207. 

oratory  of.  III,  67.  Bleoe,  III,  207. 

Ringer,  corioos  epitaph  of  a,  I,  i«9.  Boatnet,  111,  207. 

Rifers  of  Paris,  III,  86.  Boncherat,  III,  207. 

Rixabecq,  an  impostor,  III,  254.  des  Boocberies,  III,  207. 

Robbers,  noble.  III,  268.  BondiMn,  III,  20S. 

Robert  II.,  precantioo  to  secure  tbe  dea  Boolets,  III,  208. 

tbrone  to  bis lamil|,  xxviii.  — .-*  du  Booloy,  III,  208. 

Robespierre,  cxxxi.  Bourbon,  III,  208. 

Roman  domination  in  Gaul*  vii ;  ge*  —  Bourbon  le CbAtan«»  111*  20*. 

neral  flies,  iz ;  antiqoiUes,  lii,  I,  5,  Bourbon  ViUeoeuTe.  Ill,  2M. 

II,  70,  127,  III,  90,  295.  Bouttialooe,  III,  210. 

Romans  invade  Gaul,  ?iii.  .-.^  dea  Bonrdonnaaa,  III,  210. 

Rome,  king  of,  birtb  of,  I,  66  ;  pro-  de  U  Bonrdonnaye,  III»  111. 

jecled  paUce  for,  I,  555.  Bourg  I'AbbA,  III,  211. 

Rousseau,  Jean^acques,bonoursreii-  de  la  Boyauterie,  III,  Hi. 

dered  to,  1, 152.  de  Braque,  lU,  fU. 

Rue  d'Agnesseao,  III,  196.  Brcteuil,  III,  211. 

de  rAiguiUerie,  UI,  196.  Bretonvillief%  lU,  211. 

d'AUigre,  III,  197.  de  la  Bncberie,  III,  2U. 

Andebt,  III,  197.  de  Buflkult,  111,211. 

Saint-Andrides-Arcs,  111,  197.  Buflbn,  III, 212. 

des  Anglais,  UI,  198.  Bossi,  III,  21t. 

d'Angoul«me,  111,  198.  —  des  Buttes,  III,  212. 

d'Aojoo,  III,  198, 199.  du  Ca4rM,  III,  212. 

Saiote  Anne,  UI,  199.  CallaielU,III,  215. 

d'Aotln,  III,  199.  du Caire,  III,  215. 

de  I'Arbre-See,  III,  200.  de  In  Calmidre,  lit,  215. 

de  TArcade,  111,  201.  du  Canivet,  III,  215. 

d'AftoU,  III,  201.  Cardlnal«,lll,215. 

d'Assas,  III,  201.  du  Carrousel.  Ill,  215. 

Aubry  Ic  Boucher,  111,201.  Cassette,  III,  214. 

Saint  Aroie,  III,  202.  Gasaiui,  UI,  tlC 

de  Babylone,  III,  202.  Castes,  III,  216. 

du  Bac,  III,  202.  Gnatiglione,  IIU  216. 

du  BaiUif,  111,  205.  Caumartin,  111,216. 

do  la  Barillcrie,  III,  205.  dt  GbaiUot,  HI,  216. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


INDEX. 


503 


akj 


Bue  da  Champ  Fleari,  III,  Si6. 

GhaDtereine,  111,  116. 

dcs  GbaDtret,  III,  316. 

Ghapoo,  III,  216. 

Gharlot,  111^217. 

Chartikre,  III,  217. 

de  Ghartrea,  III,  217. 

de  kCliaiiS8««d'ADtiD,IlI,218. 

da  Ghemin  Vert^  III,  218. 

da  Gherohe-Mtdl,  III,  218. 

da  Ghendier  daGaet,  III,  219. 

Ghev«rt,lll,  219. 

Chadcbcrt,  III,  219. 

Ghilperic^  111,219. 

— *  Ghoiaeail,  III,  219. 

Ghristlne,  III,  219. 

da  Gimiti^re-Saint-Andr^-def- 

Arcf,  III,  219. 

del  Giaeaoi,  III,  219. 

Glotilde,  III,  220. 

GIoTif,  111,220. 

Golbcrt,  III,  220. 

do  Golit*c,  III,  220. 

—  d«a  Golonnei,  III,  220. 

Gomtesae  d'Artob,  III,  220. 

Good^^  111,220. 

da  Gontrat  Social,  III,  221. 

Goq-B^ron,  III,  221. 

■  Goqaenard,  III,  226. 

de  IlK^ordooneiie,  III,  227. 

*  Gorneille,  III,  227. 

dcCotte,III,  227. 

-— Cr*billoD,IIl,  227. 

Groiz  du  Roole,  III,  227. 

Neaye-Saint-Groix,  III,  228. 

Saint-Gfoix  -  de  -  la  •  Bretonnerie, 

III,  228. 

Gra8aol,IlI,229. 

Gahore-Sahite-Gatlieraae,  III; 

229. 

Damiette,  III,  2S0. 

da  Daaphio,  II  1, 2S1. 

Davphine,  III,  2H. 

des  Dicharf  eart,  III,  2Si. 

do  Demi-Saint,  III,  231. 

do  fiub'oorg  Saint  Denis,  Til, 

2S1. 

Desaix,  111,  ^1. 


Roe  Detcartea,  111,  252. 

des  Deox  Anges,  III,  252.  ' 

des  Deox  Portes,  III,  252. 

de  la  Doctrine  Ghrttienne,  III, 

255.  « 

Saint  Dominiqoe,  III,  255. 

Dor«e,  III,  2%l. 

des  Douse  Portes,  111,  255. 

Dagaay  Troain,  III,  255. 

Dophot,  111,  255. 

Dopleix,  III,  25$. 

de  llftohaod^,  III,  255. 

del'^ledeM4decine,IIl,259. 

des  ]6criTains,  III,  256. 

Saint  tUm,  HI,  257. 

d'Enfer,  III,  257. 

d'Enghein,  III,  258. 

de  I'Estrapade,  III,  258. 

des  VieiUea  fitares.  III,  258. 

Farart,  III,  259. 

de  la  PerameaansT^te,  111,259. 

de  la  Femnerie,  III,  259. 

—  de  la  Feoillade,  111,  241. 

Feydean,  III,  241. 

de  Fleams,  III,  241.  , 

Saint  Fbrentiii,  III,  242. 

des  Foaa^- Saint- Bernard,  III, 

242. 
— •  desFosais*Salnt-6ermain4'Atit^ 

errois.  III,  242. 

des  Fosiis- Saint -GermMi-des- 

Pres,  III,  242. 

des  Foss«s-Saint- Victor,  III,  244. 

da  Pooarre,  III,  245. 

deaPran'bs  Boorgeois,  III,  245. 

des  Frondeors,  III,  246. 

Galande,  111,246. 

Saint-6ennain-des-Pr^s,III.246. 

NeuTC-Saint-GUIes,  III,  247. 

-»-kde^ Gobelins,  III,  247. 
- — ^Grange  Bateliire,  HI,  247. 
-- —  de  GreneUe,  III,  247. 

Otctry,  HI,  248. 

Gnenegaod,  111,248. 

— •-  Guisarde,  III,  249. 

d'Hanovre,  111,  249. 

deHarlay,  III,  249. 

de  la  Haape,  111,-249. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


504  .  INDEX. 

Rue  da  Helder,  111,250. 

de  lUiroodeUe,  Ill»  250. 

Saint  Honors,  III,  250. 

^-»  da  faaboarg  Saint  Honors,  111, 
251. 

de  la  Hocfaette,  III,  251. 

da  Harleor»«Ill,  255. 

Jacob,  III,  252,  255. 

— —  Saiot  Jean,  III,  255. 

. Jean  Bart,  11 1>  254. 

Jean-Jacqaea-Rous8eaa,IIl,254* 

iean  Tison,  111,  255. 

— — .  de  Jetuialem,  III,  255. 

to  JeOneort,  111,255. 

Saint  Joseph,  III,  255. 

Jodat,  III,  256. 

des  Joifo,  III,  256. 

—  de  la  Joirerie,  III,  256. 

deKl6ber,III,258. 

LacaiUe,  III,  258. 

Saint  Landry,  111,  258. 

de  la  Lanterne,  III,  258. 

Lenoir,  III,  259. 

Le  Notre,  III,  259. 

— »  de  la  Lingerie,  III,  259. 

dea  Lions,  III,  260. 

des  Lombards,  III,  260. 

——'Saint  Louis,  III,  260,  261. 

.  .. Looisle-Grand,  111, 262. 

LooTois,  III,  262. 

deLabeck,lII,265. 

LaUy,lll,265. 

Madame,  III,  265. 

de  Magdeboarg,  III,  265. 

daMaU,Ill,265.> 

.^-deMalte,  111,265. 

—  Marie  Staart,  111,  265. 

de  MariTaox,  111,  264. 

des  Marmousets,  111,  264. 

dn  Martroi,  111,  266. 

-.^-desMartjrs,  III,  266.  ' 

de  MassiUon,  111,  267. 

—.des  Manyais  Gar^ons,  III,  267/ 

Mediain,  III,  267. 

des  Minitriers,  111,  267. 

Meslay,  III,  268. 

Michel  le  Gomte,  111,  268. 

Miromcsnil,  III,  269. 


RoeBfoby,JII,269* 

Molito,IlI,269. 

Monoeaa  Saint  Gienrtis,  III,  269. 

MondoTi,  III,  269. 

—  de  Monsieor,  III,  269. 

de  Monsieor  le  Prince,  III,  270. 

— -  Montaigne,  III,  270. 
— —  Montesqoieo,  III,  270. 
Montmartre,  III,  270. 

—  Montmorency,  III,  270. 
da  Mont  Pamatse,  III,  270. 

—  Montpensier,  111,  271. 

da  Mont  Thabor,  III,  271. 

de  Naiareth,  III,  271. 

Necker,  III,  271. 

— —  de  rObserrance,  III,  271. 

d'Ormesson,  III,  271. 

*—  aox  Oars,  III,  272. 

de  U  Paiz,  III,  275. 

PaUtine,  111,  275. 

PapiUon,  III,  275. 

de  Paradis,  III,  275. 

da  Pare  Royal,  III,  275. 

— —  de  la  Parcheminerie,  11^  275. 

Pascal,  111,  274. 

Parie,  111,274. 

da  Pelican,  HI,  274. 

de  la  Pelleterie,  III,  274. 

de  la  P«pini«re,lII,  274. 

da  Pet-aaDuble,  l\h  274. 

Petrellc,  HI,  274. 

de  Plcpas,  III,  275. 

Pierre  k  Poisaons,  III,  275. 

Pigalle,  111,  275. 

Pinon,  III,  275. 

Pironette,  III,  275. 

de  la  Planche,  III,  275. 

Planche  Mibray,  III,  276. 

< da  Pont  de  Lodi,  III,  276, 

de  Popincoort,  III,  276. 

de  Port  Mahon,  III,  276. 

Poolletier,  III,  277. 

des  Prehears,  HI,  277. 

da  Grand  Prieor^,  HI,  277. 

frincesse,  HI,  277. 

des  PfonTaires,  HI,  277. 

de  Prorence,  III,  278. 

Pairs  rUermite,  III,  278. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


Rne  PuiU  qai  Parle,  III,  278. 

des  Pyramides,  111,  278. 

dc«  Qualre  YenU,  III,  278, 

Qniocampoix,  III,  278. 

Racine,  III,  279. 

■         Rameaa,  III,  279. 

Regnard,  111,279. 

Regratti^re,  III,  280. 

da  Rempart,  III,  280. 

de  ReuiUy,  III,  280. 

Richepance,  III,  280. 

dcRiyoIi,IlI,  280. 

• Neure  Saint  Roch,  111,  281. 

Rocbechooart,  III,  282. 

Rohan,  111,  282. 

du  Roi  de  Sicile,  III,  282. 

Royale,  III,  282. 

Salle  an  Comte,  111,  285. 

Sartinc,  111,  285. 

de  Seine,  III,  285. 

Serpente,  111,  286. 

Servandoni,  III,  286. 

^Soafflot,  111,286. 

Sully,  III,  286. 

Tailbout,  III,  286. 

du  Temple,  111,  286. 

Th^rtae,  111,289. 

Tbibautod^,  III,  289. 

Tirechape,  III,  290. 

de  la  Tizeranderie,  III,  290. 

d^  la  Tonnellerie,  III,  290. 

de  la  Tour  aux  Dames,  HI,  290. 

de  Tracy,  III,  290. 

TroQise-Vacbe,  III,  291. 

de  la  Grande  TniaDderie,III,291. 

d*Ulm,IIl,292. 

^ dea  Ursins,  111,  292. 

' de  Valoia,  III,  292. 

de  Varennet,  Itf,  292. 

Vaacaaao0,  III,  292, 

Vaugirard,  III,  295. 

de  Vend6me,  III,  295. 

Ventadour,  III,  295. 

Verdelet,  III,  295. 

de  Verneuil,  III,  294. 

de  VeraaiUes,  III,  294. 

Yerte,  III,  294. 

VOL.    Ill, 


INDEX.  505 

Rue  Yilledot,  III,  295. 

:  de  la  ViJle.l'tv«quc,  III,  205.  ■ 

— — » 'Virjenne,  III,  295. 

-Voltaire,  III,  297.     . 

de  Wcrtbiogen,  III,  297. 

Zacbarie,  111,  297. 


Saint  Sacrement,  fraternity  of  tbe,  I, 

162. 
Sacrilege,  I,  24, 112, 185. 
Sales  by    auction,    product  of  III, 

467. 
Salle  duPrado,lI,517. 

de  la  Veill^e,  II,  517. 

Salon  de  Flore,  11,517. 

Grand,  III,  227. 

Saltpetre  manufactory,  explosion  of  a, 

I,  228. 

Sanci,le, a  celebrated  diamond,lll,60 
Sanctuary,  violation  of  the  privilege 

of,  1,  271,  546. 
Santeuil,  remains  translated  to  Paris, 

1, 115;  epitaph  of,  255. 
Sayoisi,  Charles  de,  disputes  with  the 

University,  II,  202. 
SaToyards,  II,  555. 
Scaramouch  presented  to  Louis XIV., 

II,  515. 

Scene,  extraotdioary,  at  the  Palais  de 

Justice,  evil. 
School,  blind,  II,  545. 

deaf  and  dnmb,  II,  544. 

Normal,  II,  277,  290. 

Schools,  boarding,  II,  290, 

small,  II,  290. 

-' of  Saint  Thomas,  I,  269. 

S«coars  4  domicile,  II,  550. 

Sect^ii  remarkable,  I,  559* 

Sections  of  Paris,  atUckof,  cxxzvi. 

See  of  Paris  vacant  for  some  years,  1, 47. 

Segoier,  chancellor,  Attack  upon,  ci. 

Seine,  the.  III,  86;  etymology  of 
name,  vi;  inundations  of,  111,87; 
breadth  of,  88 ;  lines  upon,  by  San- 
teuil, 88 ;  navigatlbo  of,  465. 

S^jourd'Orleans,  II,  212.. 

S^minairc  Anglais,  I,  189. 

2k 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


506 


INDEX. 


S^mlnaife  de  Saint  Charles,  1, 194. 

* dMGlerc8lrIaQdais,I^f90« 

• des  l^cossais,  1, 190.' 

. .   dea  Lombards,  I,  190. 

' de  Saint  Magloire,  1, 187. 

dfes  MitsioQt   ^trang^refy 


•  dc  Saint  Nicholas  da  Ghar- 

donnet,I,l95. 

dcs  Oratoriens,  1, 187. 

de  Saint  Pierre   et  Saint 


Louis,  I,  195 

•   de8PretresIrIandai8,I,l90. 

da  Saint  Sacrament  et  de 


rimmacal^e  Conception,  I,  194. 

de  Saint  Sulplce,  I,  195, 

des  Trente-Trois,  I,  195. 


Seminaries,  1, 187. 

Seminary,  first  founded  in  Paris,  I, 

187 
Senate  of  Women,  Tii. 
Sergens  d'Armes,  I,  945. 
Sewers,  common,  III,  128 ;  royal  yisit 

to,  150;  length  of,  151. 
Shambles,  III,  22. 
Showman,  a,  dispntea  with  a  curate, 

I,  86.  ' 

Siege  of  Paris  by  Childeric,  zri ;  by 
the  Normans,  zxir ;  by  Edward 
III.  of  England,  xlii;  by  Henry  IV., 
IzxzTi. 

Slaughter-houses,  III,  25. 

Small-pox,  introdnced  into  France, 

II,  554;  society  for  extinction  of 
the, 552. 

Seci6t^  d'Agrienltnre,  II,  506. 
'  dof  Amis  de  la  Gonstilptioo, 

II,  505. 

des  Antiquaires,  II,  505. 

de  Charlie  MatemeHe,II,55^ 

'     pour  Tencouragement  de  I'ln- 

dnstrie  Nationale,  II,  506. 
'  pour  I'extinction  de  la  Petite- 

V^role^  II,  552. 
Instmotioa  I^Umcntairc,  II, 

508. 
dc  Midecine,  11,  506. 


Soeiiti  Olympiqne,  II,  515. 

PhUanthropique,  II,  5M. 

Philotecnique,  II,  506. 

des  Sciences,  II,  505. 

Societies,  BeneTolent,  II,  551 ;  vi- 
rions, 298. 

Society,  classes  of,  under  the  Carkn 
Tingian  dynasty,  xxt;  of  forgeooa, 

I,  178 ;  singular,  558. 

Sorbon,  Robert,  founds  a  acfaool.  L 
145. 

Sorboone,  the,  I,  145;  occupied  bj 
the  Faculty  of  Theology,  145;  dis- 
putations of,  146  ;  extensire  libraiy 
of,  146;  regulations  of,  146;  pro- 
fessorships of,  147 ;  present  ose  oi; 
150 ;  is  rebuilt  by  cardinal  Bicbe- 
lieu,  149 ;  was  the  place  where  the 
first  press  in  Paris  was  established, 
150. 

Stage,  women  first  appear  opoa  tlie, 

II,  465. 

Stamp  Duty,  product  of.  III,  472. 
Stanzas,  death-bed.  III,  201. 
Steam  Engines,  III,  102. 
Steeple,  remotal  of  an  entire,  1, 95. 
Stone-coffin,  supposed  to  be  Cli«i- 
'    bert's  or  Morard's,  J, 215 ;  tirp posed 

to  be  logon's,  217. 
Story,  ipgular.  III,  257.        " 
Streets,  III,  182 ;  first  pared,  II,  70, 

III,  185 ;  prize  for  best  inetbod  of 
cleanings  184;  atate  under  Loois 
XIT.,  265  ;  plan  for  improTemeni 
under  Louis  XTI.,  185 ;  coont  de 
Chabrol's  plan  of  improremeat, 
186 ;  names  first  placed  In  a  coo- 
spicuous  situ«lion,*i90 ;  first  lighted 
at  night,  191. 

Stuart,  Mary,  place  of  interment,  I, 
296  ;  epitaph  of  one  of  the  lamily 
of,  241. 

Sugar  refineries  in  Paris,  III,  4^* 

Suicides  in  Paris,  III,  446. 

Suisse  de  la  me  anx  Ours,  II,  558. 

Sully,  apartments  of,  11,  401. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


INDEX. 


507 


Sam  paid  annaally  to  the  state  by  the 
cltyof  Paris,  111,470. 

Table  de  Mari>re,  ll,  68. 

Tan-jards  io  Paris,  111.  459. 

Tapestry,  maBofactory  of.  111,  1. 

Taxes  of  Pads,  Direct,  111,  471. 

.  Indirect,  111,  471. 

Taylors,  fraternity  oC  1,  9S9. 

Templars,  I,  504;  established  at  Pa- 
ris^ 11,117^  persecuted  by  Philippe- 
le-Bel,  117;  arrestecL  lhrougho|^ 
Christendom,  124. 

Temple,  palace  or  the,  11, 117 ;  church 
of,  126 ;  prison  of,  568;  let  Toart 
dn,  125. 

Temple  of  Glory^  I,  185. 

Temple  de  Terpsichore,  111,  218. 
Tennis-Goorts,  II,  551. 
Terror,  reign  of,  commences,  cxxii. 
Th^atins,  conrent  of,  I,  283. 
Th64tre  de  I'Amb^  Goidiqae,  II, 
519. 

des  Arts,  II,  474. 

de  U  Cit«,  II,  517. 

-  dn  Gonserratoire,  II,  484. 

Fatart,  II,  494. 

Fran^ais,  II,  467. 

de  la  Gaiti,  II,  520. 

dn  Gymnase  Dramatiqne,  11, 


509. 


122. 


51«. 


d'Henri  IV.,  II,  517. 

des  Jennes  Artistes,  11,  518. 

LouTois,  II,  489. 

da  Marais,  II,  514. 

de  MoUire,  II.  516. 

MoDtansier,  II,  508. 

de  rOdton,  II,  464. 

Olympiqne,  II,  515. 

de  rOpira  Gomlqne,  II,  497. 

da  Palais  Royal,  II,  47S. 

dn  Panorama  Dramatiqne,  II, 


Th^tre  des  Vari^t^,  11,  507. 

du  Vaudeville,  11, 505. 

Theatres,  minor,  II,  505;  suppres- 
sion of  many,  465 ;  receipU  of.  111, 
479. 

Theatrical  costume, reform  in,  11, 470, 

Theophilanthropes,!,  559. 

Thieves,  extraordinary  association  of, 
111,  299 ;  measures  to  diminish  the 
number  in  Paris,  505. 

Thomas>-li.Becket  fleet  to  France,  I, 
559. 

Thou,  de,  tomb  of,  1, 181. 

Tisserand,  Jean,  a  celebrated  preach- 
er, I,  525. 

Toll,  singular,  II,  102. 

Tombe  Isoire,  la.  III,  550. 

Tower  of  Philip  Augustus  ttiU  esitt- 
ing.  III,  574. 

Treasure  of  the  church  of  St.  Denis, 
III,  594. 

Trees  of  Lib^ty  planted,  oxui. 

Trial  by  battle,  I,  218,  III^  305. 

Tribunal  de  Commerce,  II,  ilO* 

de  Premidre  Inttanoe,  11^ 
109. 

Trid«chna  Gigat,  shell  of,  I,  106. 
,  Trinitaires,  couTent  of,  1, 245. 

Triumphal  Arches,  111,  71. 

Tuileries,  palace  of  the,  II,  14;  gar- 
den of,  29;  court  of,  52 ;  th^itre 
des,  500;  attack  upon,  20;  hoirible 
tragedy  in,  25;  departure  of  Louis 
XVIII.  from,  25;  return  of  Bona- 
parte to,  25. 

Turkeys  introduced  into  France,  III, 
272. 


Unigenitus,  bull,  czzi. 

Union   Ghr^tienne    de  Saint  Chau- 

mont,  convent  of  the,  1, 550. 
University,  11,245;  is  organized  by 

Philip  Augustus,  245 ;  ancient  facol- 
de  la  Porte  Saint  MarUo,  11,      Ues  of,  245 ;  privileges  of,  248,  256 ; 

rector  of,  255 ;  singular  custom  of 

256 ;  disputes  of,  202,  256  ;  reform 

of,' 260. 


\ 


des  Tuileries,  II,  500 ;  recep- 
tion given  to  Voltaire,  504. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


TVC   KSD. 


Digitized  by  VnOOQ IC 


Digitized  by  VjOOQ IC 


508 


INDEX. 


Urtnlines,  convents  of,  I,  SM^  382. 

Vaccination,  ifttabltstemcnt  de,  11, 
S49. 

VaMa-Gr4ce,abbcyof,I,  iSS;  ifft- 
▼oured  by  Anne  of  Austria,  154  ;  is 

■  constituted  the  place  of  deposit  for 
the  hearts  of  the  royal  family,  140. 

Talliire,  madame  de  la,  takes  the 
▼eil,  I,  M9. 

Venereal  disease  introdaced  into 
France,  II,  Sft4. 

Venos  de  M^dicis,  II,  409. 

Victor,  Saint,  abbey  of,  I,  J18;  lec- 
turers of,  3S5 ;  library  of,  256  ;  re- 
lics of,  25S^;   procession  io,  250; 
tombs  of,  251 ;  distinguished  for' 
learned  men,  250. 

ViUertrique,  1, 79, 184.       • 

Villeroy,  a  joyial  archbishop.  III,  210« 
marshal  de,  genteel  dismis- 
sal of,  HI,  210. 

Vincent  de  Paule,  founds  an  hospital, 
11,557;  tomb  of,  I,  91;  canonisa- 
tion of,  92. 

Violation  of  the  royal  tombs  at  Saint 
DenU,  III,  406. 

Violonneurs,  fraternity  of,  1, 289i 

ViTonne,  Catherine  de,  II,  216. 


Voirie,  la,  in,  18S. 
Voltaire^  sheds  Instre  am  the 

stage,  II,  465;    visits  tbe 

des  Tuileries,   504 ; 

dered  to,  I,  129  ; 

269. 
Volume  singular  ad 

decimo.  III,  87. 
Vow  of  Louis  XIII., 

I,  16. 
Vows  made  to  obtaia 


oTai 


Walls,  city.   III,  179;   cMcted  W 

LouU   VI.«    170;   r«b^lt  by  f%^ 
t  Up   Augustas,    171; 

Etienne  Marcel,  174  ; 

Charles  V.  and  Gkaiks  VL,  C€i 

enlarged,  177;   drmnfabwi,  Ct; 

reconstructed,  179. 
Washing  the  feet  of  tbe  liisrlpki,  cc> 

remony  of,  1, 19. 
Waters  of  Parts,  analysw  id.  III,  C; 

comparative  parity  oi;  111,  IM. 
Wincettre,  a  famous  prcacbes,  lsu£. 
Winter,  severe.  Ill,  290. 
Wolves  in  Paris,  Uii. 

Zodiac,  remarkable,  i,  ?• 


THE   END. 


v> 


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