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1 




Firft Pre^wriin Church, Trenton, N- J. 



PRKSBYItRlAN ChUKCK 



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TUI ftlUtT irTTLtHIKT m TtJ tO^y. 



If*' -r<i n X 1 : 







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rirfl 




C*-tKT«^, -, 



^^^^^^^^^^§ 


^^^H 


^^^^IBI^^"'^ 


^^H 


^H HISTORY ^1 


^^^^^^^^H or ^^^^^H 


^RESBYTERIAN ChURCH^W 


^^^^IX TRENTON, N, J, ^W 


^H FROM THE FIR^T SETTLEMENT OF TIJE TOWS, ^H 


^H Bv Joii^T i£a.XjIj, i:»<i>. ^^^H 


^^^Bv^ik or TUB riiDtai-[rTiia> niATH.nirAt. HtciMrr. aiv at tub ciiBtuufdjii *^^^H 


^k jf^P^^f^o^^' ^H 


^^1 ^^^^NTO^^^?^ 


^H 


^^V NEW-YORK: 


^H 


^KnSON D, F. HANDOLPU, G83 BROADWAY, ^H 


^^ft COtNKB op >M1TT ^H 


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■ ^1 



:2g-i,/74f 

H 111 

tm^py n" THE 

: --— ^—-^ ^i—f- _ 

BntBBed, acoDrdiDg to Act of OonETCBn, in Iho jcar 18B0, hj 

AXaOtT D- F. RANDOLPH. 

In thfl CJeric'H Office of tlie DL"itiict Court of the ITnited StatOB for the 
Southern WhlfiaL of Kaw-Tork. 



;Otllf 1. flRlT, 



PRE FAC E. 



Tt will be at ODce no^ced th&t thiB Tolnme mln>dac«ji numj personSf 
place% and IncidenU, as nell oa charchH, that do mti «qDa Btrictlj' 
vithiu the Bcope of l\3 title. But I tbougbt that it ifoold coDtribnta to 
the JQteraQl^ and usofnlnefl^ not tq say tbs drcukcion of the boolc, to 
make it oont^ aa much m&nnation u vithoat povtiTO incongruity 
oould be collected from tho matoriala tb»t came beibn me, ajid which 
would probably Dot Ihll so eaeily into other iLanda. 

I take the opportuni^ of Baking to be apprised of the eirora or omii- 
gdooa that may bs discorered, and of any additional facta or docmnenta 
rebxtire to tho history, which would make it more complete. 

HATing now tulQlled the requeet of many esteemed ftienda In the 
church and city, I leave the work in ih&lr handfl, hopng that Done will 
be wholly diaappdnted, and praying that the resolt may show that the 
time it baa occupied has not been spent at all Inconeisteritly with Iho 
obligations of my sacred office and my particular charge. 



Tbxnto^i March 23, 1399, 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



-• ■ 



CHAPTEH L 

FeESBTTEBUV BeTTLKUENT of GeHTRAL KxW-JBRSKT— FAUJ PiOl 
or DKLAWAAE— I682--1TO0, 9 

CHAPTEH IL 
Tab CaUBCitiB of HOPK\n:LL atjd IfH^iDE-voEAU — 1038-1736, SG 

CHAPTER m. 

ToElBEinOii Chubcu— Toe Rev, Datid CowELL^^lTll-l'rSB, 53 

CHAPTER JV, 

Ret. Ub. Cowkll and Ret. Me. Tehne^t^— Scnisu op 3TH0t>— 

mG-1760, T9 

CHAPTER V. 

Teektob in ll4fl— Episcopal Chueohss— TaK?rroH Names ajto 

PlioeS— lUG-nCO, 9T 

CHAPTER TL 

GOLLEQE OF J^ElTjEtfiEV— COWELL, BUBB, DaVICB» FiBLET— 

1746-1760, 116 

CHAPTER Vn, 
ICa. Gowbll'b Death asd Bchual— 17G9-176D, ... 134 

CHAPTER VUI. 
Toe Fmar Chabibb of the OmjBcn—Tan^rEBS— 1766-1760, . I£i4 

CHAPTER IX. 

UlNlBTET OF THE ReT. 'WM. EUtKrATOTCE'— HjE HIBTO&T — 

1160-1706 163 



VI Table of Contents. 



OHAPTBR X. PUi 

TbucteiS— Tbmnton AUD UAmxirHUlK- 1764-1769, . . 18i 

OHAPTHR XL 
Blthu SPEffOiBf D.D.^Hls fbetioub Htstort^IT 31-1769, . SOS 

OHAPTBft Xn. 
Da. Bravora'a OovaRxa^TiOH— 176»->1T73, , ... 129 

CHAPTER XITT. 

TOS— 1773-1780, . , . ' aw 

OHAPTEB UT. 
Clooi or Dtt. Spmasa'a UanTrBX-^Hm DlAtn-*l760-lTSl, . 3S0 

OKAPTSR XT. 
Tax Err. J. F. ABMffrHO«Q— Funomi HiatORT aid SnTLx- 

lOKT— llfiO-1790, 395 

CHAPTEE XVI, 

ThI QeNEKIL ASBBHBLt — llTrW CONSTTTTITION OT TH1 CaUBOH 

— Noti»t-1785-1790, 319 

CHAPTiiB xyn. 

PCBUQ OCOABIORB IK TBElTOIf—NoTlS— 1759-1 BOG, . . 333 

CHAPTEE XVIIL 
ThbKivBbicV Osuboh— yoTi»-'lS04^1S06^ . . 3fi3 

CHAPTBE XIX. 
Theological SuoNABr— Ub, Abu^tbobo's Deatb — ITotes^ 

IBOfi-lSlG 3G7 

CHAPTER XX 
S. B. Hoir, D.'D.—W. X ABiEffTBOBO, D,D.— Kcr. Jomf SuiTH 

— laift-iaas, 3S8 

CHAPTEE XXL 

J. W. Alkcabdeb, D.a— J. W. Teomaib, D.D.— J. Hall, D,D. 

— 1829-I8fi9. 40S 



APPENDIX. 



I ElBtOBT OF TOE PaOPO^iL TO UAKE TfiEXTCV TRE ClPI- rifll 

TIL OF TOE UnITBD STATES, . . - < , 436 

IL Ba3SI A}n> Betel's Deih, .:.,,- 440 

IIL ADDmosAL Notes; 413 

TV, LrsT OF ^B£ Fastqbs^ EuiEita, isi> TflnsrEsa of Then- 

TOKCflUaCH, ' . . 44S 

Y. Fastobs or Ewino and Lawbekce^ilu Cauaca, . . 4iS 

VL FAffTOBSy ELDBBS, and TBUlTrEEe OF PEntOTaiON AEVD 

TjTU3TIU£ CBDftCHEA, 410 

TIL Lm OF THE FIltST IfEUSEBa OF THE PBESBTmtT OF 

IfEW-BEUNSWICE, - , . . . . . 4E1 



PRESBnERIAN CHURCH IN TRENTON. 



Presbtteriak SErrTLEMEXT OP Central New- 
Jeb3£Y — Falls op Delaware, 

1682— 1700, 

The territory occupied by the present city of 
Trenton lies so near tlie boundary between the 
Berkeley and the Carteret, or the east and the 
west sections of the Province of New-Jersey, 
that the history of its settlement is connected 
with that of both the original divisiom. The ad- 
vance of the Qaaber colonists from the sooth 
and we&tj and of the Dutch and Puritan from 
the north and east^ gradually peopled this cen- 
tral region. It is, however, to the policy which 
invited to East-Jersey the inhabitants of Scot- 
land and Ireland that we owe the immigration, 



10 



FitW Proprietors. 



"whicb in the ccmrse of time, gave Presbyterian fear 
turea to the religious chai'aot^r of it^ inhabitants, 
and made it " the cradle of Presbj-tcrianism in 
America/'* In the year 1GS2, when Carteret's in- 
tereat in New-Jersey was purchased by William 
Ponn and his eleven associates, the Society of 
Frientia, of ivhich they all were members, waa 
the sraalleat religioufi denomination there. The 
few ecttlcmenta that existed at the time— the 
whole population was not more than five thou- 
sand — were composed chiefly of families that had 
emigrated from New-England, Holland, and Scot- 
land- As West New-Jerney and Pennsylvania 
were sufficient to absorb the Quaker interest, it 
was a matter of policy to place the new enter- 
prise on such a foundation as would be inviting 
to powonfl of all creeds, For this purpose the 
twelve original proprietors detemiined to ghare 
their interest with an equal number of new ad- 
vcntorcm The leading varieties of ecdceiaaticnl 
connections then jirevailing in the mother coun* 
triea of England, Scotland, and Ireland, seem to 
have been repi^eaented in the new body of pro- 
prietor, bat moat of them, whether Protestants 
or Bomantste, and even the leading Quakers, 



• BBdralk^ " CmUd GUtc^" Tdi. M diApLcr \1. 



Scotch and Irilh. ii 



were connected with Scotland* The Scotch and 
Irish Presbyterians Bmd New-England Puritans, 
(many, perhaps most, of whom were Presbyte- 
riaDfl,f) made the moral character of the Province, 
In Jnly, 1684, a vessel from Leith carried one 
hundred and sixty passengers^ and another li-om 
Montrose one hundred and thirty to Eastjersey. 
In that year Gawen Lawrie, the Deputy Gover- 
nor, wrote from KUzabethtown : " The Scots and 
William Dockwra'aJ people, coming now and 
settling, advance the Province more than it hath 
been advanced these ten years." In closing 
a glowing account of the Province, he says : " I 
have none to write for me, but you must send a 
copy of this to Scotland," In another letter of 
the same month, the same writer remarks : "The 
Scots have taken a right course. They have sent 

• The aonond iwt were a, motley coDeetion, The nrle of Parth and 
Melibrd (Dnunmood) had apostdtized to Romanisu from tho Cboreli of 
6cotluidontbeBc«flaioiiof Jam«H IL ^'TheydidtLls,^' aaja Mac^idBj, 
"with acertam BOdacioaii hawDesa which no Eogluih Btatcaman could 
hope to emulate." {"EngloDd,*^ chtqi. 6.) The7were,nt Ihotime oTta- 
comlng proprietors b the land of toloraUon, peraecuting io ScctlAnd suoh 
la relhsed to testi^ agaioat the ProabjteriArte. Barclay waa a native of 
Bcodand, becamo a RomaQ CatholEo hi Paris, was thereupon recalled hy 
his fitther, and both became QuakeTs. 

t Sea Hodgfl'a " Gonatitntional Rifltory,'' part L 22-39. 

( " WiUIam Bockwra, of London, to whora London owca Iho tisefUl Itt- 
Tontkn of the pennj-poat" (OldmUoiL) 



Want uj Miuillcrs. 



over many servanta, and arc Ukewiae sending 
Tnore_ They IiaA'e likewise sent over mnjiy \fO0T 
iamilies, and given them a small stock.^ James 
Johnston writes to his brother in Edinburgh ; 
" It is moat desired there may be some mltitst^rs 
sent us over ; they would have considerable be- 
nefices and good estatef* ;* and since it would be 
a matter of great piety^ I liope you will be in- 
fitrurnental to advij^e somu over to us" Peter 
Wateoii xiTites to a friend in Sfilkirk, (August, 
16S4;) "We have great need of good and faith- 
ful niiuifltci^ and I wUh that there woiild come 
over some here ; they eait live as well and h^,ve 
DB much as in Scotland, aud more than many get 
We have none within all the Province of EastnJer- 
»ey, excejit one who L* pi-eaeher in Newark ; 
there were one or two preachers more in the 
Province, but tliey are dead, and now the people 
meet together evtjry Sabbath-day, and read, and 
pray, and sing psolma in their moctinghousea " 
In January^ 1085^ FuUerton writes from Eliza- 

* Thtf* a^puiv to hav^beca an evl/provlaHm insomo ptocoafbr (b« 
aLabttX- OUmiXmi uji ; " A j*nr or Ivo nftcr Hit eurreEdtT, [vC iba 
ptUnU of Ui0 proprieUmcfl to the Crown, ITOSiJSei^oniU liook pnrcbuad 
AHC ttcna of Und la Wet^orvy, mvl gAve the te at!i poil of It u 4 
glsbo lo iWa Church, Ito wai n Preelijlfliitta ; Iml 1 sojipow glebe iflti 
«udiilObt «IlL lliat ilangoiiEiaUwi, w aoj other/* — BrilisS Smpin fa 
AmcrUm, L p, 3?4, 



Pcrfccutions. 13 

betTitown to Montroae : "By my next I hope to 
insure sixty or seventy pounds to the parson, for 
we want a minister." In March, 1685, Cockbum 
writes to Scotland : " There is nothing diBcour- 
ages OH more than want of miniaters here ; but 
now they have agreed about their stipends, there 
is one to be placed in New-Perth, Piscataway, 
Woodbridge, and Elizabethtown, They have a 
raind to bring them from Scotland." Among the 
emigrants who left Scotland in 1685, was Greorge 
Scot, Laird of Pitlochie, It was the first year 
of the reign of James IL, when already the non- 
conformists of England and Scotland perceived 
that they had nothing to expect under the new 
monarch but a continuance of the persecntiona 
of which their conntry, for its faith's sake, had 
been the bloody field, " Never " saya Macaolay, 
" not even under the tyranny of Laud, had the 
condition of the Puritans been so deplorable as 
at that time, , . , Through many years the 
autumn of 1686 was remembered by the non- 
conformists as a time of misery and terror, , , . 
In Scotland the King had demanded and ob- 
twned new statutes of unprecedented severity 
against the Presbyterians."* " Severe as theauf- 

• " History of England,*' chap. B, 7. 



H 



Scotj of Piclochic. 



fcriTigsnf the non-conformi/^ts in England wcro at 
t^iia period," eayH anotlicr libtoriaD, "tLey were 
Uothing compared witb llmt was enilunid by tlie 
l^oor Presbyteriaiia of Scotlaud."* 

Geoi'ge Scot advertised Ids project iii tlie fol- 
lowing terms : 

" Whcrcns Ihorc arc Geroral ppoplo in Ibis tin^dom, 
U'tio xtpoa DocoiEEit of th^ir itot going ihat IcngtL in cou- 
Innnity »'fjniryd of them bv tho Inw, rto live vory aronsy ; 
wliuj lufiiile \hv other %'rr<'aM<? ncx-ommrnlmions of ibat 
|ilacc, [Eoat Nc>v-Jcist:y,l may there freely enjoy their 
own priiiciptcB without bnmrd or tbr Iciu^t troublo ; eccing 
fUurij ihrL> miiiistor^ of Utoir ovrn porsuo^^Iun going al on j; 
with iho snul Mr. (.ioorgo Stol \ who, by the fundnmontnl 
constiliilj^n of th«t connLry arc Allowed the free Dxurciao 
of ihv'ir ministry, such .-l* Mi-, Aichib;ild Riddel, brother 
lo Sir JchQ Riddel ofRiddol, Mr. Thomas P^llcraon, laic 
niinitter or Borthwlck, nnd several oIIilt miniatera ; Jl is 
hereby wgnitip^ to all wJio (losire tbh voynge, thsit the 
Henry ani] FVanH^ ofNewrxMle, n ship of :i5r> lim^i, niid 
twenty grc&t guns, UicLjrd Huttoii, mnater, u frciglLteil 
jbr tho tmiiEjK^iintion of these (hniilies. arid avUI take in 
]vuacDgera nnd goods at Leilh, nnd jnutseiigcrs at Monl- 
rrwte^ nnd Alierdpt-n, nnd Klrkwo, in Orkney, and set rml 
thence for EjuI NewJei-sey, ag/iinsi l}ie 20tJi ilny :>f July, 
God willing,'* 

Scot sailed about tlic time specified, with iicai^ 

•OniiD'i "Ufflof ftfl»ter."L394 AnU bm Wedrow'a "Hlttoiyof 



Scofs Model 15 

ly two hundred of his countrymeD, bat liiniaelf 
and wife died on the voyage.* Previous to his 
embarking he published at Edinburgh a volnme 
of 273 pages, entitled : " The Model of the Gov- 
ernment of the Province of East New-Jersey in 
America ; and encouragement for such as design 
to be concerned there "f The Scottish Presby- 
terian, or one knowing he was writing to such, is 
at once detected in the elaborate and learned a - 
gument, which precedes all hia statistics, to prove 
a warrant for colonization from the word of God, 
Among his points is that the wonderful openings 

* Of the componj broagbt Dv«r by FiL]i>cMi>, seveotj-two are said to 
haTB been " priBoaen^ baafshed ID tho pJaDtations," and " made a pre- 
seat to tho Laird/^ Tbeir cnme was nOD-oonformi^ ; and oa the paa- 
tag^ " whea thcjr who wcra under deck attcTnpted to worship God by 
themKlf«s, tbe capttuu would tbrow down ^at plaoks of wood ia ordcr 
to diBtarb tbem.*' Tho R^f^ Up. Riddel bad already been impiiwood 
Boveral years in Ertglatid After tho revolution bo Bailed for Eogland, 
(June^ 16S9^) but vrm " captured by a French man-oT-war, and eflcr 
twflDty-twQ moDtha' unpriBonmeDt in France, he van at lengtli ezchanged 
for a Popiah priest" {US. Hiaicry ; citing Crook^ha^'a Church of Bcoi- 
land, TOL ii. HO, 423. C&judof Witnesses, App, 337,) 

f Only fbur copies oT tbo original work are Jmown to be extant, but it 
hu b«eu reprinted entire in the flrst yolaitie of tho collectijns of tUo 
Nflw-JerMy Bislorieal Society^ aa an appendix to Mr, WhiCehoad'a " East- 
Jeney nnder the Proprietary Govenuncnta." The facility ini eatief c- 
tion of reading thia iutereating document aie much impured by its being 
printed In the obsobto orthography and abbreTialionj of tlia original 
oopy^'-* ouBtom of our Historical 8odetiefl which eeema to have Tory 
Uttl* lo recommend It, erea to the aotJqnary. 



i6 Sco^s Model 



to the diacovery of America, and the encourage* 
menta offered to Protestant nations, indicated the 
purpose of Providence that " he might at length 
cause the gloriotig Gospel of Jeans Christ fihine 
OQt to them as it did to othei' nations, after the 
eharp times of the bitter desolations thereof h^ 
twixt the Komans and them," In bolder terms 
than in the more public advertisement of his un- 
dertaking, he thus appeals to the religious jea- 
lousy of his fellow-churchmen : 

" You see, it is now jndged tbe Intereflt of the govern- 
ment flltogctlier to suppress the Freah^/teriaji principles ; 
and that in order tiiercto the whole force and bcn^ll [vio- 
lence] of tJic law of this kingdom are levelled at (ho 
effectual bearing' them down, that the vigorons putting 
those laws in execution hath in a great part ruined many 
of these, who, notwitlistanding thereof, iind them^Ivcs in 
couBeience obliged to retain these principles ; while, on the 
other hand» Episcopacy is by the same laws, supported 
and protected. 1 would gladly know what other rational 
medium can be proposed in their circumstances, than 
either to comply with the government by going what 
length is required by law in conforming, or to retreat 
where by kwa toleration is byhis Majesty allowed. Such 
a retreat doth at present offer itself in America, and is 
nowhere else to be found in his Majesty^s dominions." 

We find in this connection an allnsion to the 
north of Ireland, which was fully realized in sub- 



North of Ireland. 17 

sequent years, in tlie contributions made from 
that quarter to tlie Preabyterian population of 
America. 

" I liad an account lately from an acqnwntance of mino, 
that the Province of Ulster, wbere mofit of our nation aro 
seated, could spare forty thoasand men and women to an 
American plantation, and be sufficiently peopled itself. 
The gentleman who gave me thb information is since 
Hcttled in Maryland; the accomit he eenda of that coun- 
try is so encouraging that I hear a great many of hia ac- 
quaintances are making for that voyage," 

But it was not contemplated to estabUsb tbe 
Kirk in New-Jersey. '^ Presbyter " of Britain 
was not, according to Milton, to be " Priest writ 
large" in America. "liberty in matters of re- 
ligion" Baid Scot, "is CBtablisLed in the fullest 
manner. To be a planter or inhabitant, nothing 
is required but the acknowledging of one Al- 
mighty God ; and to have a share in the govern- 
ment a simple profession of faith of Jesus 
Christ, without descending into any other of the 
differences among Christiana ; only that religion 
may not be a cloak for disturbance, who ever 
comes into the Magietrature, must declare they 
hold not themselves in coiMcience otliged, for re- 
li^on's sake, to make an alteration, or to endeavor 
to torn out their partners in the government, be- 



i8 CharaScr of die People 

cnuse thoy differ ia opinion from them ; and i&ifi 
ia no more than to follow the great role, to do as 
they would be done by," 

Mr, Bancroft^ after following the remark, " this 
ia the era at which East New-Jersey, till now 
chiefly colonized from New-Iiigland, became the 
asylum of Scottish Presbyterians " with an eloquent 
sketch of the eufferinga of that people under the 
attempt of the Stuarts to force Episcopacy upon 
them, asks: ^^Is it strange that Scottish Preaby- 
terians of virtue, education, and courage, blend- 
ing a love of popular liberty with religious en- 
thasiflsm, hurried to East New-Jersey in such 
numbers as to give to the rising commonwealth 
a character T\hich a century and a half has not 
ofEaced ?" " In a few years " he adds, " a law of 
the commonwealth, giving force to the common 
principle of the New-England and the Scottish 
Cal^inists, established a system of free schools. • < • 
Thus the mixed character of New- Jersey sprLigs 
from the different sources of its people. Puri- 
tans, Covenanters, and Quakers met on her soil ; 
and their faith, institutions, and preferences, hav- 
ing life in the common mind, survive the 
Stuarts."* 

* BAnaoft*« " Colonift] History," cb«p. IT. 



Prelbytcrians, 19 

Robert Bftrclay was the first Governor under 
the new proprietary administration, (1683.) Al- 
though the office was given him for life, he was 
not required to reside in the ProvincCj and, in 
fact, he Bcver saw it, but was represented by 
deputies. Mr, Grahame, in his " Colonial Hbtory" 
says, under 1685 : "As a further reconunenda- 
tion of the Province to the favor of the Scotch, 
Barclay displacing a deputy, (Lawrie,) whom he 
had appointed of his own religious persuasion, 
conferred this office on Lord Neil Campbell, uncle 
of the Marquis of Argyle, who repaired to East- 
Jersey, and remtdned there for some time as its 
lieutenant-Govemor," Campbell was followed 
by another Scotchman, Andrew Hamilton. 

While Presbyterians were thus finding homes 
in the northern and eastern parts of the Province, 
others mingled with the settlements that were 
creeping up the Delaware on both banks, and 
scattering between the river and the ocean. The 
first church in Philadelphia (less than thirty 
miles from Trenton) was organized about 1698. 
There was a Dutch Presbyterian church at No- 
shaminy (twenty miles) in 1710. But the church 
in Monmouth county, originally called " the 
Scotch Meeting-House," better known to us as the 



20 



ExlinunJlun's Paflage. 



*'Teiinent Churcli" (thirty miles,) was formed 
of Scottish materials about 1692, Its first pastor 
T\'ft.s from Scotland* 

1 hax-e iudulijfod in the foregoing reti^Dspect for 
the purpose of showing the origin aiid general pro- 
gress of the population that at lergth reached the 
more central region ■where the capital of the Pro- 
vince came to be established. And here I intro- 
duce, as a enrioii^ loea] memorandum, the earliest 
record to be fonnd of & journey on ivhat ia now 
one of the two great thoroughfares be terpen New- 
York and Philadelphia, by Tr&uton, but eight 
years before Philadelphia was laid out by Penn, 
and when the fiite of Ti^ntou was only known as 
nt*^tli3 Falls of the Delaware" William Ed- 
ninndson, a minister of the I^Viends from Ikig- 
land, mafle tlie following entry in hU journal of 
l*i7->, after leaving Shrewsbury and Middletuwn: 



* His trnta m b i\M cLurcbjiird, yrlih e. lalio lUsciiplioD. BJguIQ'lAg : 
"Th^ uhts of riiB TCT7 jiloofl Sfr John FoTI^ pnsLor of Ihia church of 
Calrm, tm hoM buried, wlww l*bor, altbougL oijM-ndcd on a bareo wO, 
iru ix<j\ lutt. TlBjr w^bo kdctt Uim « t^l, it lUa amao tiiuo prove bit 
vrt^rth u ru^ in Ttrtii«€ R«a<](?r^ MkiK bit IboUtepa^ «bd T bqia Ukmi 
yriii hcfCttftn be h^py- He died August 30, ITOS, tho 3DLb T^r of Uia 
igft** Itr- Hofd fvmptpiHl blfltHolfirmi ilii! PmbrL4>ry uf FkfljKltlpbk 
CcfMbbn 3f, nC'^ iiiid vims ordniacd Icd Ju^b nftor^'arii^ Oh Uto 
alnnlci oT Ha; 10, ITOlt. itia fallowing cxpr«a~n'o rtcord is luuiiil.' 
■■ 7h* B«T. Sir. Jobn Bofd being d»d, wLat rvULM lo liLuicenMa." 



Edmundson. 21 



'* Neit moniiog we took onr jonrDey throngh tho wil- 
derness towards Maryland, to cross tlie river at Delaware 
Falls, Ricliard Hartshorn and EliakimWardcll would go 
a day's journey with ns. We hired an Indian to guide 
as, but be took us wron^, and left ns in the woods. When 
it waa late we alighted, put our horses to grass, and 
kindled & Gre by a little brook, convenieat for water to 
drink, to lay down till morning, but were at a great loss 
eoDGcming the way, being all stmngers in the wilderness. 
Richard Hartshorn advised to go back to Rarington river, 
about ten miles back, as was supposed, to find out a small 
landing-place from New-York, ^h)r7» yjhance th^retoa^ a 
9maU path that led to Delaware FaUa, So we rode 
back, and in some time found the laoding-pbce and little 
path ; then the two friends committed us to the Lord^s 
guidance, and went back. We travelled that day, and 
*ttw no tame creature. At night we kindled a fire in tbo 
wilderness and lay by it, as we used to do in such jour- 
neys. Next day, about nine in the moniing, by the good 
hand of God, we came well to the Falls, and by his provi- 
dence found there an Indian man, a woman, and boy with 
a canoe : so we hired him for some wamparnpeg to help 
us over in the canoe ; we swam our horses, and though 
the river was broad, yet got well over, and by the direo- 
tion« we received from friends, travelled towards Dela- 
waretown, [probably Newcastle,] along the west aide of 
the river. When we had rode some miles, we baited our 
horses and refreshed ourselves with such provi^ons aa we 
* had, /or as yet tee tcere not came to any inhctHlantt,^'^^ 

* " A JoimiDl of tlie life, travels, sufferioga, and labon or lave in. tba 
work d[ tho ministry of that ivortby elder and fbithlbl perrant of J»iui 



Falls of tlic Dcbwarc, 



r 

^1 Afl "the Falls of the I>ek\rare'^ was not on.^ 
tlie first name given to tlie }>nrt o{ the river 

I where Trenton wtis afterwapds Imilt^ Imt was for 
more than a centuiy used to denote the geiierul 
loofllity, it may ha well to notice that what ia 
dignified by the term, ia no more than the ra- 
pids of the current in the descent of ahout cigh* 
toon feot ill six miles. * ITie associJition of the 
term haa often led to the confonndiny of the 
Ti-enton ripplea with the trnly graud falU of 
West Canada Creek in New- York, which are 



I 
I 



called "Trentun Falb" from a Tillatrc in their 



vicinity. This lias given occasion to some ludi- 
crous disappointments with travellerB. It tvna 
probably the cause of the illusion of the English 
tourist In 1V97, who ^^entei-ed the State of New- 
Jerr^ey and alept at Trenton, which we left before 
annri.^ the nest monuug ; a ciiTumstance I re- 
gretted, as I wished to see tlie falls of the river 
Delaware in that neighborhood, which, I am in- 
formed, are worthy the attention of a traveller/-j- 

Cbfkl, WriliADi EilmiuidMD, who departed tlii^lifb tlia Slot «./ tliu aUlh 
moaUi, ll\i:^ Loodoti. nifi. (PLilAdfil]ihii littr^ry, Ko. GUS. Sro.) 

* Squo plMBtiC AaHKUliaQB mut havQ Ittiguroi About the old imiui> 
tt lata ta 1S34. vliim n BJbla ^ociei; bomg fcrmol Ln TnrDljm, Lhu nuoa 
miadopbdoT "Th« ElbU Bijcietj' DfDdii^w Fulle." 

t " PriMt^ TnraU HD^T,^' Loaloa. 



The Falls, 23 



The translator of the work of Kalm, to be more 
folly quoted hereafter, raises the humble rapids, 
mentioned by the Swede, to " the cataracte of the 
Delaware near Trenton,"* Another Englishman, 
and president of the Royal Astronomical Society, 
pronounced, in 1796, that "these do not deserve 
the name of f(dls^ beiDg nothing more than a 
ledge of rocks reaching across the liver, and ob- 
structing the navigation for large TeBsels,"-|- 

• " Kalm'a Tmvela, by Foretor," London. 1170, 149. 

f " Joumal of a tour in vmsottled ports of North America in 1T9G and 
VlV\^ By tfae late Franks Hxly, Prceident of the Rojal Afltioiioiiiiial 
Boclclf." London, Ifi5G. P. 115. 

VanH7, tha'^lViltslitre Clothier," sajB in 1794: "In pBrain^theDa]- 
■waie with onr coocheOr we feny within ton jBids of one of the rapida, 
bj which WD Ara to underatand that part of a river where the bed ia al- 
most flllod op Willi rodts, chicfij below tbe aurfaco of tho water, which 
occaflicmd tba ciirrcDt to posa Tcry quiok, and make It don^erouB to 
thomwho are not BoqiiAlQted vith iHo n^TigatioD- {Journal o/anExcur^ 
titmj p, 106,) Tn a work by Dr. Dougbes, a EcotobmaD, but fbr thirty 
ytatt t, resident of Boston, the following doaorip^n is given of the nav- 
igfttloD of tlio Delaware liTor in 1749'B3: "From Philadelphia to 
Trent'Town FalLiara thirty-five miles; tbcsa are the Arst &Us in the 
rfver, and the tide reachea op so high ; these falls are pndjcable, and 
the river navigabJe with hoata that carry dght or niuo tons iron, forty 
milcfl higher to Bnrham iron works. . . . From Trent'Town Falls 
this tiTtrr IB practicable apvardii of one haodrcdand UlljDiilea for Indian 
canoe navigation, eeveral amall lallfl or carrying places intervening." 
(A Sumtway hxaterv^xl and pdiUcal, of JAe fini jtlsxrdinQ, pro^€S9iv€ tm- 
prowtnaKit, and^meni ataU vfthe BriiUh SeUkmmtain 2^orth Ameriat. 
Bj William Douglan, M.D. Bostoi;. ToL L lTi9. Vol IL 1TB3. 
VoL II., p. 313.) 



H 



Mahlon Sucy. 



It Tvaa at thp Fjills tliat Malilon fttacv, a 
Yorkaliiremau, found the tt-act of lam^l thnt oom- 
meinled itself a-s the most euitftble §ita for a new 
settlenient. He was one of the ^eimgi-ants to 

Burlington (or Eridlingtoii) in 16T8, and beings 
a creditor of KyllingCj he obtained fi-om Lis ub- 
signet's eight humliTd ad'ePj lyicig on liuth sidea 
of the Aasanpuik, a creek u'hich empties into the 
Delaware at Trenton. Here he took up his oivn 
abude, and built a grist mill. Il' jtf<^ciidiiig to 
HmitVfi " History of New-Jeraey," the first name 
glren to the settlement at the Falla was "Little- 
worth," the di8]»ani^mg title most have been dj*- 
daiiiod by Stacy, who pronounced it " a most 
brave pliicc, whatever cuvy or evil gpica may 
8|jyak of It.^"* 

In letters dated from ** the Falls of Delaware" 

* TliD uiilj ycSktEve Driiltiuce T Jmco oTer Cvui/1 Lb«t the attias LilU^ 
worlb WM K^iuully u*i-<L ia Uiat Of the Itor. Or. Ocwlej, Who -tiEiJB tUnl 
he liacJ vvvv a d^ad of Lwo ]ola, Ljinj* caet of GreciLe aCnxt, bclvrnu 
firionil ftrect (iton ^LntL-k and iha AFUanpink, K-lilcli WGn> dt^ribr'd la 
"Wm^ialitUlvworth/' Tlio dfUoof UiaikMMt [a not ^7oa, IL wxispr^liiLM^ 
lite de»euJilloii ^ eoute porUou uf ll« Innd too tuuoli t!^pui^td lo iba 
ftvaboa of the Gr»k to b« u Tuliiiiblo u oihcr pnrtE. Sruitli'a Hutorr, 
ia ihnnCTumut orUiQ grfnt fiood at ]>]n»-ara FaHp lu 1093, mjh: "Tlio 
Hot KCilcr^ dT ifai» YfukiiJiiro Leuili in Xow-J^raej hrtd ^tvoml af tlicn 
bui^ u|xm tL(j low laada nigh tbo faUaof BctAniiro, wh^r? tltaj LvJ iKivr 
Kvcd and boen LoiproTlog uoar flixtiMin yeun^.'* It a to bo hup^d Xhal 
iLsero waa DotUmg \a tLo ciiuiKicr d( ibo acltt^^re UiLit vugg^it^ Iti^ np- 
|tli«lHia nr SoIaoLQtL'a v fiitb«t : ^' Tb» b«Ml or lUv nicked is b^jf k u^frA." 



Mal)iun Sra 



?y- 



in 1680, Stacy extols the fertility of the whole 
region, the abundance of fruit,* berries, game, 
and fish, whilst he *' honestly declarer there is 
6ome barren hmd, as (I suppose) there is iu most 
places of tie world, and more vi/ooS. than some 
Would have upon their lands; neither will the 
coiintrj" produce corn without hibor, nor cattle 
lie got withijut^imething tobuy them, norbreatl 
with idleness ; eleis it would be a good country 
indeedJ' The good Friend would not overlook 
the giiidAntie of Providence in liis own ciisc, nor 
encourage hia Tor kahire correspondents to follow 
him over the- aea, unless they felt the same in- 
ward direction. "Wlien I am walking alone^ 
and the eenae of the Lord's good dealinf^ is 
brought before me, I can not but admire him for 
hifl mercies^ and often in secret lile** his name 
that ever he turned my face hltherward, and 
gave me confidence in himself, and boldness by 
faith to oppose all gainsayei^, thi>ugh never so 
etroog. . , , If you have elearne^ to come 
to New-Jersey, let nothing hinder ; but if yon 
have a s^jp within yourself, let not anything 
farther you, until the way cleara to your full 
satisfactioTL" 

* ''Peochnln oucK i\\tbiy thiit §cnte paoplc took thalrcArta npoub- 
gmJierln^, I cmiH tint lint nmiln hi ihc tymn^ii ii( a" 
2 




Ofhapttii ^cuond 



The Chubch^ hf Hopewell anu Maidknukad,' 
1698—1736. 



u 


y 


m 


T 


I 


l^' 


M 


© 


A 




■^ 












^»' ™ 




o 




^f^r/^ff/CTtffi/, 






> 




%. 




«« 




t 






^ 




A 


V 


^ 


i" 


VP£/^Y/ll^ 








1 




^ 


1 
r 











■Q 


\ 


fWW. ^ 




V 




t^ 


Cff 




^ ^ 


JoLn AUFCH 


\^ 








'V 




^w^ 




^ 














'^^ 


C,T1 


;ENTO^ 










^ 


•A -'! 


^ 











This little ma]i will serve to explain the topo- 
graphy of the region embraced in the hiatory of 
the united churcheeot' Hopewell aiid Maidenliead, 
which is the lii^ory of the churches of Trenton,* 

• Onfl oT X\:iQ nuwit ijtomIc dowTiGJl^ m ihw bMtaE7 of Iho ehflngc oi 
„uiF«, »«fc pJ*™ "'"^ *'''* ariL^imil Bn^tlirfi tonn fbr miiiilfiihcod 




[opewell. 



i? 



fn 1694 the Asftatipink was made the northern 
I'oaiidary of the county of Burlington ; aud in 
1714 the new county of Hunterdon wns formed, 
reftcliing from the Assanpink, as it« southern line, 
to the northern extr*3inity of West-Jersey, Of 
this large and for the moat part unsettled terri- 
tory, now di^nded into several of the most popu- 
lona and important counties of the State, H*>pe- 
well and Maidenhead were adjoining- towiLsliips, 
It ia reasonable to suppose that the Preshyterian 
iiihaliitants, scattered over the t'W'iii town^hipa, 
were for some time dependent on itinerant or 
missionary prenchoi's for the opportunities of 
public worship, and that when such opportunities 
opened, the people would congrei^ate from long 
dl'^tancos in achool-roomt^, or jmvatc houses, or in 
the Minnie of woixls, in diJE^rent neigh Ixirlioods, 
as ctmvenience or some system of i-otiition might 



itfGrtMlkj tlifi tf^jOntiTT", in ISIfl^ on the fietltton of the inhab- 
ifilo LnwrtfDi'o lar the towneliip and LowreJioorillo foT the Iowd, 
Id liciEiDr or tlm lii^ro ol' lUo frijnitD Chi?A&pE!a)t«- It iVQaJd be a imrnUol 
'^irnprnroiDOEit if (bo p*<pp]o nf Vlrgiolft flhonld drwp th? nnmo of IbPir 
Statfl fur ane tb*r woiUii Dcnbalm the nAmDorCaptikEn Jolifi Emith. l^ho 
DTiginal UaiclenhiHul ib m ambW tovn nn tlkfi Thrunm, In Berkaliire. anil ifl 
pnrlly TO tbo pftrinli of Brnj 1 ono, al Icusl, cTvIid-g viMfs is fin hteloriMl 
^KmanSG. NoC Ihr fWira lliti lown u Shit KiHh ftuiiouB irhich oclioIftrH 



28 



Maidenljf^ad. 



appoint* It is not str&Ege, oe this auppoaitioa, 
tliat the names "Hopewell" and "ppople oF 
Hopewell," should be naed in the ecclesiastical 
records in reference to difterent neighboxhoodfl, 
and even ]>-insheH, so that after the lapse of a. 
century and a half it would not he possible to 
determine in every in-*tance what particular local- 
ity, if any, is de^iignated. The present churches 
of Ewing, PcTinington, and Trenton were in 
Ho]>€well ; tliatof Lawrence ^-ille was in M^deu- 
bead. It is not improljable that the Presbyteri- 
ans in the latter township were sometimes in- 
claded in the general i-efeience of ** Ilopewftlh'^ 

Some of my rejulers may need to be reminded 
of a New-England peculiarity which then obtain- 
ed in this Province, ami will fitlU further account 
for the confiisioi], I may explain it in the wordg 



* Tho 1^0 trrwnahip& wauld have bocn a ?man dfcuit for a mioiioa' 
Kj. KfTniHTwJ with Bumo VliBl WHft Bdftgned in the lart cuntuiy bjr 
PiwibjUflTt.fl to Suppltoa nndflven to Piaton In 11*9 tha Prubylary oi 
Nflw^^Bmn^fwick directed one of ihpiT mmiaipn to divide hieilnio lunoQg 
thapeopltiof AllanuivD, CmDbuiy^ PepACk, Lebnnoii, nnd Muskiniciinck. 
to n4<l Bfr y^Ctay acoopUHl a coll from Lan](?tQack^ Li^bDuoHf Ptpnck, 
RuAiliiiflohii, Hod Btrilili;bum ; and Mr, BobJnvon wan din-ok'*] loBupplir 
Kifldletovi], ShTQBViburjr, aiiBrlc'rirfT, Cranljiify, Croffiwlckfi, ths Forki, 
GreonA Jiad Paluujijallj. Iti n-ifl Ur. Ohcsaiu iaai; njiiwiniedtQenpplj 
^mvnl] for Tnnr vmlH, Ihon Peau'* ^eck^ Ctitm Wnodhury^ Iben mvati 




Deed of 1698. 



29 



of Colonel (afterwards* Governor) Lewis Moriir^^ 
in 1700, wheti refen-lug to the " towua" of Eauir 
Jei'sey. *' These towiif^are not like the towns in 
England, the houses built close to^^ether on a 
yfnall spot of gniiiml^ but tht-y include Ifir^e }>oi'- 
tiona of the cfjuntry of four, five, eighty ten, 
twelve, Hfteeu milea in length, jind as much in 
breadth ; and ^JI the -settlementfl witliiu ?4U(;h 
atftte ttud houatis L^ said to be within such a 
townfthijj; but in nn»flt of thosp town^ihJps tliere 
is Bome phtee where a part of the inhabitanta 
set down nearer together than the rest, and €on- 
fiiu' thi^iii^elv^-rt t(i Kiiiall*^ pLntii.in*i of ground, 
and the town iy more peculiarly designed by 
that settlement."* 

Tlie firat HUtheutic uotiee of any effort on the 
part of the inhabitants of the tw<» tj>wnahi[)i4 to 
pmvitlr n permanent place of woii^Mp id found in 
a df-ed i\uU'i\ Mureh 18, 1698-9.+ lu tluU instru- 
ment, Jereuiinh Basse, Governor of East and 
WestrJersey, and Tln^maa lievell, ^^ Age rite of 
the Honi*rable West-Jerwey Society in England," 
conveyed one hundred acres *'for the accom- 



• "Thu Pifcf>era of Lowifl Monii" N. Jh llial. Soc,^ ISW. 
f Id l7ii:q pArtufmy revcnn-)i« I Ljivfi □vtiilu'l m^adLrnfLliCTr^ollafilLOIiB 
kjnrllj pUiQCd at taj dupoul b; tho Rev- Qcor^ Hihio, pnaLor of Pcu- 







¥ ^o Gninlcr^s. ^^^^H 


^H Modatioa !uid service 


of the inhabitants of the ^| 


^B towiidliip L?f Maidenhead, within tlie liberties ^M 


^ and p!X?cincts of tlie saiJ county of Burlmgton ^H 


■V and the iiilidbitants near adjacent, for the erect- ^| 


ing a laeeting-hoase, 


and for biuying-ground ^H 


oud schuol-hi:tu»e, iiud Lmd Huttjihle fur the ^| 


same.''** The names 


^f many of the gt-anteea ^M 


will be recognised aa 


still represented iu this ^M 


regiou. 


I 


Ril1|i1i Hunt, 


Philip Phillips ^M 


John Bnlubriilgc, [or Ban 


Joahuib Andvia, [sametiines ^H 


^H 1>tklge,] 


AiiilniH tmi} AiLiii^ewsi ^H 


^^f Joh-iiiiies Litwren^on^ 


and AiT<U>rsanJ ^H 


r William. Hi^toD, 


SazEiutj] DavJs, ^^t 


1 John JJryurly» [Brcarley ?] 


EiUK'h AiidriiH, ^^^^^M 


I S&mucl Himt, 


Cumcliur) AiMn^ ^^^^^| 


^^ft TliQophilnFi PhillijHi, 


Jsmo»J Prioe, ^^M 


^^H Joiiiilhan D^viB, 


Jijhu Rviniai^, ^^1 


^^P Thomn^s Smith, 


Thoiujis Unniiiu, 


^^ Jaapor Smith, 


Ilczckiali lliuihftcti. 


1 Thomjw C'filt'maii^ 


Btfuj.iiuiu -Uiiple, 


1 Beiyriiniii Hanliti, 


Litivi-tince Uiiiiibc, 


^K >Villi;mi Akcrs^ 


J^fr-uiiii Sn.(.^kotlj 


^^L li^bcrt Lajinon, [Laoi^ng, 


EJwarJ Uirut. 


^H The strong presumption ib, that from the be- 


^B giiiniiig t'^'* ^'^ ^ Preftbyt<?riatt cougi^egation, J 




fii&k b Ibo &(at« Hfmw iit TiBiiUm. 1 

ft- 


^^^^^■^■L^' 


^^^^^^^^^Mi 



Maidenhead Church. 



V 



and that, although the precL*e year in which a 
church w!Ls erected on the ^^rouiiil thiis coii- 
veyedi can not be ascertained, the firet hoiwe 
of worship for any denomination in the two 
towushijis Wiw that at Mnideuheitd, now Law- 
renceville. John Hait, a signer of the Dcelaro- 
tion of Independejiee, was baptized by the Uev, 
Jedediah Ajidrews, at Maideuhead, December 
31,1713. A3 Edward Ilart, his father, lived 




in Hopewell, three milea below Penningt/)n^ it 
is probable that there was a ehiu'ch at Maiden- 
head to which the child w;*:^ taken. There were 
ten baptlhtos at Maidenheail in April, 1713, which 



Miiidcfihcad Church. 



(^1 



*es to increase the probability of a pemianeDt 
place (>f woifiihip being there at that date. There 
[is positive evideirf-t-'e of ite existence three years 
Tat^r, for in the rocoi^ls of the C*>iirt of Se^aioua 
for Iluntt-rilon county, dutf^d Tur-sday, June 5th^ 
1716, if* the entry; '^ PnwIanmTion mude aiul the 
oourt adjourned to the luceting-honsc io Maiden- 
he»l in half an hour." 

I regret tliftt I am nf>t nWIe to produce views 
of any of the uri^^inal <jhiirches. Thf> eiigi'aving 
here i^rt-^euted is a copy of the Laureiieeville 
lorL'h as it now stands, but exeludiug the lec- 
ture and S4?hool-bnildi[ig which stands at the 
:remity of the IVont of the k»t, and exchidiufr 
the extensive grave-yard which surrounds 
le church- The present front (foily-five feet) 
!«nd about thirty-two feet of the depth, is the 
same f*tnictui'c that was r^^ed tn 1764, The 
church wa>* cuhugfd m 1S:13, to tht- dimensions 
forty-five by >iixty feet, and in 185:i, fifteen 
■t were udded U} the Vn^h. I may add that 
in ISly thiH congregation came into poswession 
of a valuable farm iind pai^rionage deviseil to tht'm 

I by Jaa|«T Smith, Vj*ti, jm Mt-r of the churt-'h. 
The earliest rigii ot preparation for a church 
hi HoiRiwell is found in two dt?ed» of April 20, 




feel 



Hopewell Church. 



33 



1703* In th(? fiixi of tljK'Jc, Ji'liii JliiU'hmaoii 
conv(!ycd to Andrew Ik-iitli, Richard Eayre, 
Abiall Davis, and Zehulon Ilc-atun, a lot of two 
acrea^ in tru^ttv The second and concurrent deed 
declai-ee the ]iurpoee of tlie ti"uet. It is addreaa- 
ed, ''To fill Chrirttiuii jjfople to whom these 
preaeiite J^hall oorae," and aeta forth that the 
trust ia " for the inhobitante of the eaid towiisbip 
of Llopt^wpll and tbeir fiiiccessors mhal>itiug ami 
dweliiii^ within the said township forever; for 
the i>ublic aiid comuion use and beiictit of the 
wliole townKhip, for the erection and building of 
a public meeting-house thereon, and also for a 
place of barial, and for no other uses, intent*, uv 
purposes whatHoever.'^ The ground tLui^e'.mvey- 
ed U within three niileH of Trenton, (marked 
" Ohl (.■hurch" on oar map,) a short distance be- 
yond the State Lunatic Asylum. A church was 
erected on tliia &ile which iiecina to have become 
the exclusive j>ro[ierty of Episeojjatians, an that 
denominatioa occupied it until St- Michael's 
Church wm built in the tovvTi, and the congrega- 
tion t*i)\t\ the ground In IS^^fi — the houae having 
long before (iiBappeareth 

It it? probable that if the history of this 



Dead Book \AA»l()naiid U-L Btate Huoaqv 

. # 




^ 



0U\ Cemetery. 



Cliureb could Ije aseertnijied, it wouM reatl 
somewliat like the tbllo^ring reerml in tlie Miii- 
utej) t'f the Presbytery of New-lii'iu]>*\vick, 8ep- 
tember 19, IT38. 

"Tho affair of Cranborrj'iioiioeniing the Meetinghouse 
wfiB opened up before the Preabytt*rv, wherein it appeared 
that ihe peojile of the Prwsbyt^iriau and Church cjf Eng- 
land peiHuaaiou huve a coojuuct iDLertist lu the Mtretiiig- 
house, by virtue of au agreement between auch of the 
Presbylerians as ae^ii^ieJ tlic building of it, and,tbeir 
ueighboraof the Church of Etaglaml; and therefore upon, 
the proposal of the rest of our peniuaaloD who ar@ not 
willing tu have auy concera with the a;iid Louse npou t,hat 
fonndatioD, the Presbytci-y do adviae and judge it moat 
propi^ thflt the gentlemen of the Church of Enc^land do 
tilher buy or sell their interest, that so tbe PreBbylorlruia 
may all havi* a hoUHt! for worship by themselves alone, M^ 
BO tb&L this whole body way be uuitud,'* 

When St. Miehaera Church made the convey- 
ance of 1838, by which the old church-plot was 
added to a surrounding fano, reservation was 
made of an incloeore measuring thirty-two feet 
by twenty-^even, occupied hy graves. TIte iu- 
cloBore is made by a stone wall, cow falling into 
ruins, and has the ajipearaoGe of ha%Tng been de- 
signed for a family cemetery. The only grave- 
stones remniiiiiig are those of Samuel Tucker, 
nSD, and Mj-s. Tucker, 1787, which wiU be de 



4 



Lock arc's Deed. 



■ 



sciihed hereafter ; one ** in racmory of John, son 
of Willi^iio mill EILfiiLhetli Clesiytoii^ wlio (lietl 
NovemlH^r 6, 1757, [po^lbly 1737,] aged 19 

ycai's ;" another of '' Ma , [probably Mai'gn,- 

retj the witLi of John Diigworthy, TSuq., who died 
May H>» iVsy, aged 37 years ;" and a few more 
which can not be deei[fhered beyond "Grace 
Da 



or "Hend 



-" etL", It le aaid 
that the widow of Williuin Trent, whoae iianie 
was given to the town, wiw bnried here, but there 
)S no traoe of the grave. 

In less than six yeara from Hutchinson^s deed 
to Heath and othei^, the llojjewell Preabyterians 
took meaj^ui^es for the erei*tii:»u of a church for 
tbcmaeivej^, within three miles of the cue just de- 
auribed- TIiis was the begmning of the congre- 
gation, which, after the ftmndation of the town- 
ship of Trenton, (1719-20,) waa called the 
"Trenton Fiist Church" but which now t^kes 
the name of the new township of Ewiug. The 
original deed was dated March 9, 1709, imd con- 
veyed two acr^ of hmd ft'oui ^Vlexander Lockart, 
a Scotchman, to 

Richard St-udder, Jacob Reeder, 

John Biirrouglia,* Corn&lhw Anderftori, 

* Ho ^eacalg^' dT the fuiuUj of Burrouglis auy be Jbuud In Riktr'fl 
AnrulB of Vnwtown, Qu*on"* County, Nsvi--YDric,'' pahliiliwi In isivi. 




Firtl Coiigregaclon, 



Joiiii t)f:»rit\ 

Joniit.Kaii l>nvi9, 
Eiiooli jViitl 1.^1 son, 



Juhu Sileronrt, (or yiforona, 

GeorgG Farley, 
Cia«L Fiiik-y, 

wiiiuin Uiioa, 



There are no tH-igirial reourda or documenta to 
^move tlit^ uliscurity that aurrouiula the first 
actiou under thb deed; but in the ftjlluwlng 
minute of th<i Proabytery of Philmifl])hi:i, May 
11^ 1709, Uupewell may refer to this]ieo]jlt — per- 
haps iij ojuaectKni with those of wUiit is now Pen- 



nington ; 



'^ Oi-'luretl, IhiLl ^h: [Joseph] Smith go to the jienple of 
Maiilunhimd mil Mnprwi^l, iitiij rmitiir ^vitli tliL-^ii on 
.audi nutttra :v* hliAll L>e propuundud w hiiu bj tljciu, con- 



4 



QrfaLvf lIiu Jiiiwv iixaiu (ran: Ea^slAinl Ui &^eoi, UiLvuuliuabtts, lb 
'16'ni, vnd i\vd iu lUtS, lEJs wuiio v/as Johtt Hut huh, Jn^eph, "a 
Uboml BupporlcrDrUia FreabjlL^mu mini j try m Kowlowb,'* <\h-\1 la ITIIS, 
JoMpb'd Bim. J'lhn, wliD mtfrrioik Uorgnrpl; lipnni? in ITil, "oinied Janil 
TretiUMi," Mid dlod %X Nowtuwu, July 1, l7fiD^ Ur. Churlia Sur- 
tO^hn. wliohikH boen n Irustw of our cliurdi biuco 18;a, Ih a Brtut- 
Lfnuidvou uf the |^Dt<;ii in InOckiirE'ii de«(i. IHia fut^kfir, .lolin UurrougliB, 
^dicHJ [l Tr^Dlou ,\|jril Se, 1^-13^ iir hid ci|:Llj'itiaLEk jeur, 

f 111 Mr. Kikpi-'sncirk Diere l^ nlfo^tt^n nhinlor/rjrLhp&vriarjrjiDiily. 
vliEuh App'^iird it [livn iK'oa tbit witli niiiclj tbe Lw^gmiilc^s of lUc- 
iiHUi«. and a}m lUe denryoioL litJoafUf lUtiJilLUoed, *-vrv cotiuoc^tsd. 
)^in^ iir««p CkAtllj-iiHinfi 



Church of 1712. 



37 



cemlug hiJ4 Wng nalletl ll^ hu tliplr mimsLer ; and tliut Mr. 
Biuilli preai^h to the people alWesiilJ on hia way to New- 
Kngl^ind, or return fiutu il, or bulh ; Jtml that, thltt be io- 
tuiiiLLod to Air. Smith, ami llio pt'oplu albi'ti^d bu writ t^ 
by Mr Aadr'.'ns>'^ 




The fii^t church on tliis ground 'was built of 
logs, (171"2 ;) ihLs lOJide room, about 17-t), for n 
frame-ljuilJing, which was used until 17^0, when 
one of trick Wiui erected* In 163D the church 
waj< remodelled- The eat represents the church 
of lYy5 before alteration ; and h^^re I take thf 
liberty of quoting a few veret^s from n. poem, 



3« 



The Oltl Church. 



written for the siimseraent of lier graudohiltlren 
by an eatimiible member of this cliiirchT and 
j'trciriijpted by tlie destruutioii t}t one of two old 
oaks in the cburcli-yaixl, in 18ri3. 



"Two liuncired j'eara, or more, the nturms yaii bravod 
UiJi^rnied, wliile roimi.1 your head the tempest iJivt'd. 
A faitlifiil gnurd, fcr »ll that time, jroa kept, 
Above the throng thai 'nciith your tjhiiUovv slept, 
TIlq wiLd tornudo^fl brealti hath o^er iiioe i>ast, 
And prostrate on thG earth iron lie at kst 

• » • « « 4 

And here they stood when the forefathers came, 
To build au aliar to their Uakor**! name. 
Men fiXJiu rtlnr — perchnnce ucross thi- dp(?p, 
Tbii} plmjt ibuy cLovu their Sabbath reat to ku«p. 
They built an nitar of mutcriala rude. 
Unhewn the ^itouc, &ud roughly drcsaed the wood, 
Twas blest cf Hiai, whose promiaed dwelUng-ptacc 
Is whei-e his peojtle nieei to «eok hie grace. 

Once in three weebfl the at:iiod pastor cume 
With gr.ifioiiH mcjsmge in hw Miwter'a nnino, 
ReciprocaleJ .ill the gri^eLings kiud. 
Rejoiced in health and peace hia flock to find. 
The morniiig nervice o*or, beneath your shajio 
They ato thuir bread, and bind mquirics made : 
' How ffired it with tho brother pioneers, 
Whnt were their proMpeolJ,whiLl Lht^ir hojjeri and fears? 




Thr Old Church. 



39 



What news from hoTEie, ulki?i— beyond the sua — 

Figlit llanipiitii, CrQiQfl'eir» Mill fin" liberly f 
Or to \uh kiji^'di-ru U Kiiiy Cliriilert rtftL<.n"tHl ? 
Huh |iruiiii?Li-il, but agniu to hri'fkk hi^ wgrd ? 
■ Has SootUuid Bh<^uUied ibe aw^rd, ov doea aha stUl 
For const ferHft** aakc oppfjsL' ber sovert- ign'a will ? 
Worsblp lIlc IkitlLful hUU m mviiA uud ilvus, 
In iVjrtet decii, or wiJJ aecbided gk'iis? 
For Walee who attibca to put (fj»i)refl3io[i down ? 
Wlio nobly dares lo m-ghc a, maityr*K uro\ni ?*' 

4> * «• « <^ 41 

One (r^ Ltu< oilier E-hum ihu lLJi^lg^ bure. 
Of cbnm Jtud kiudrcd tbcy wouJd see no inorc> 
TUrit duty done, ddcc more to pniiat; and pray, 
Tho chui-ch thoy entered — thus thoy apont the day. 

• • « » v « 
' Tune levels iiU,' the old cbutch pA«eed away. 

It aefved i\ lioly purpose in its day ; 
And Mtb^l nttu a uen~ fLtaudsLiou Liid* 
Ofi'^tinge of patient (oU iiud subBla.iJce niu-de ; 
Weil wrought, the building roBC by uarefiil himde, 
Momorial of their aoal, llie church now siMids, 

****** 
Now, many a mnssy F^lone the name ditJcloaes 
Of fiiiLbfii] Rut-dfl and Woiiddora, UowelK UoHtw, 
Roedcr, Ckrke, Ilart^ Carle, Furm.'in, ;iHd llio MooroB, 
Fiah, Welling, liendrickflon, Tcmjdca, Uvocns by scores, 
Laiuiing, Hunt, Cook, Buitongha, and Jonva and Lott, 
Aud huTidrudsUe without a stouu to mark th43 spot,*' 

* • « t « * 



40 



Firft Prelbytery. 



At the time of tlie Ibnuaiioii of tins veiitnilil*! 
church, the Presbytery of Pbihid<;li)hia waa the 
only one m America. It waa formed in 1704 or 
1705, and included seven ininidtE*rH, who wtre 
paatorg in Penusylyania, Mitrylaiid, and what is 
now Delaware. In 1704J a member was added 
from New-Jeraey. To this body the Preebyteri- 
ana, whether oi^aiiized or not into congregations, 
or repreaeiited on the roll, would naturally took 
for comiael and aid, ©specially for the obtaining 
of the ortlinances of worship. In Set>tember, 
ITIO, the Presbytery, writing to the Presbytery 
of Dublin and Synod of Gla^jgow, in entreaty for 
their help in fumit-hiiig minifitera, say that they 
have but two congregations ''iu the Jersey^;" 
" the number of our inhiLstery from the respective 
Pifiv-inces is ten in all; three fixini Maryland, 
five from Penueylvama, and two from East- 
Jerdcy," 

Under date of September 37, ITll, the fol- 
lowing minute appears : 



'*Upon the tlesire of tho pGOjilo of Mnidetihead and 
ni>[n:wi^ll, »i(,'iuti('tl hy Mr. William Taril, fur our oHslKling 
them in geUiiijjj a. nnmnter, it wan agreed that ia ca*c tlie 
|)Co|»le ol AlaitJi'uhi'iiJ nnd Uopf^^'cll nrc- not cng:igcd with 
Mr, S^ptcet, that they use all oppoi'tuuitiew they have for n 



Robert Orr. 



4* 



flpoeJy 8iip|ily, iiuci apply thenwolvea to the nci^hlmring 
iuiriUti<r« lor :ujbiHt»n<!i< in gilting a miniytcr tar ihem/^ 

There is no further reference in the Records 

of Prej*ljyt«ry, to the congregations of this neigh- 
iood wnril Septemh<;r, 1715, when Pliilip 
preaented a call from Maideuhc&il iind 
Hopewell to Mi\ Eohkkt Ouit^ whk'h wai np- 
proved by Pre^^bj'tety, accepted Ly him, aiul his 
ordmation appointal forOctober 2i). This took 
place on the day specified^ when Mr. On' was 
"solemidy sot apait to the work of the ministry, 
hy M>i9terrt Andrew^t^ Moi"gaii, Dickinson, Evans, 
and Bradner, at Maidenhead, before a nunieroua 
flHsernbly."* 

Am nn uld talriet, now in the wall of tht* first 
church iu the city of Trenton^ giverf 1712 as the 
yenr in which the Presbyterian church wan 
" Formed,^ that i« ttuisposed to he the date when 
the parent congregation was formally organizoft 
ir view of taking i)Ossession of the ground con- 
veyed by Lockart in 1709. Thi^ then, wonld be 
one of the centres of Mr. Orr't* nunistry for Hope- 
I welL lie apjieara to Imve ref*ided on what is 

f now the boundary line between the towuflhi[>& 



■ LcrttdT Book of Prefibflfltj. Piinkd Bconrd^ p. 41, 



42 



Pennington- 



I 



of Lawrence and Ewiug. A eon of his, who died 
daring his pastorate, wwi buried in the Lockart 
gruimJ, and the grave-stone is vijiihle from the 
present church. Mr, Orr renmiiied in thia charge 
nearly four ye;'-rs. Ilia name occurs for the last 
time in ecclesiastical records^ in the minutes of 
Synodj September 19, 1719, where he is spoken 
of as " having at jireaeut ou pastond charge," and 
the usual t^tinioninlfl were given to him and an- 
other nuaLrt*fr, it "being uncertain how and 
where Providence may dispose of thein,^ 

The age of the Hopewell church at Penning- 
ton is not precbely known, bat the building was 
used in i725-<5, as the township records of March 
9 of that year show that it was *' agreed upon 
by the majoiity of the tti'wn, to hold their town- 
meetings ensuing at the new meetLig-house by 
John Smith's-^' Sndth ia known to have been 
owner of the land adjoiiuiig the lot which is still 
the site of the church. There is a tradition that 
prior to the building of a chm'ch, a school-huuae 
was used for Honie time, wlddli stood ou what is 
now the southern part of the grave-yard^ and 
long known as ** the school-honic lot" This lot 
was conveyed by John Smith for the consulera- 



l3on of ten pouude^ to Nathauiel Moore, WUham 




Moles Dickinrpn. 



43 



Comw^^ll, Joltn Everitt, Ralpli Hunt, Jonathan 
Purman, Reuben Armitii^, aud Stephen BaMwin- 
The Rev. Robert Orr was followed in the 
Tlujiewfll cbttrge hy tlii; Rev, Mos^js DirtiSHUN, 
a younger brother of the fiii^t Pr(.'yiJi?iit of the 
College of Xew-JeiTjey, and a graduate of Yale 
when the whiile senior-class numbered but fivtf, 
all of whom entered the minirftry. Thia was in 
1717, the year in which the College was removed 
from Saybrouk to New-Haveu. The hlatory of 
Ml', Diekiaaon's Presbyterial connection can not 
be given, aa the Reeorda of that period are not 
extant; but aecordiug to the minutes of the 
Synod he attended the Beasions <">f that body in 
1732, 1724,and 1725. Among the delegates of 
those three years appeal's the name of Enoch 
Armitage, who warf a Killing Elder of Ilopewtll, 
Mr. Diekiu^a removed t^.i tJie Congi'egatioual 
church of Norwalk, Connecticut, in 17^7> and 
conthmed to be its pastor until hia deathjMay 1, 
177S, in the 83d year of hia age, and 51st of his 
ministry. In hia seventie^th year he took a col- 
league from the IVesbytery of New-U runs wick, 
the Rev, William Teoneut, Junior. Theie are 
two pnuted sermons of Mr. Dickinson's: one of 
them was preached at the ordijjation of the Rev. 




44 



Enoch Arniitaf^e. 



Klkha Kent, gi^iulfMther of the dwtiiigiiLshBd 
Cbancellor of Now- York. 

Mr. Artmtifcgi.', who w^is a native of YorksliLre 
111 Eiiglaml, was an active elder lie uffitiated 
in Hopewell when no ramister was present, not 
only ill reading " the worka of a[ jpn ived ilivinea," 
a^ our elderw and deacorw are Mufhurizpd to do in 
such an emergency, but oecoaioniJIy rcuding hie 
own compositions. The Rev, x\li-. llale haa in 
hia possession a raanii9c'ri[ft <"F the ii?4ual length 
of a sermon, in tlie handwriting of Mr. Armitiig<\ 
heiuied, ''Rome Meditjitions n]njri the l.^th, 16th^ 
and nth vei^senof the 27th ehupterof Nmiil>erfl, 
occasionctl by the removal of Mr. Dickin*)n, and 
delivei'ed at HopewpU meeting-house by E. A,, 
172V-" The test of the ^'meditations '' is: '' And 
Moses s]ioke unto the Lord, saying. Let the Loiil, 
the Goil of the sjariu of all llewh, set a man over 
the congregation, which maygoont hetbre them, 
and which may gii in before t.liem, Mnd wbich 
may lead them ont^ and whii?h may brinij; them 
in : that the congregation of the Lord be not as 
sheep, which have no phepherd.*" 

Thu discoai'se open* in these modest terms: 

'* Butaved Friend* : I having no book of oiiy eubj*^ 
miitnble to Om* pn«i*nt oiilwnrd uiruuinfltniice^ cf ilie win- 



Mediucions. 



4f 



fjociiitioii, aorl fx^ng eomethifig more Uinn ordinanly ftf- 
ffctod with onr present flesolaie conditiaa, I thonghl tneet 
t*i deliver my own meditaTiori'* on i\ii* fnM^nit?ntioi»eil sub' 
jcct, though I kin»^ not whether ihK-y wUI W uf auy tiaa 
to yout or meet with acceptance from you ; yet Loping 
they may at Ivast dt> no harm to any ^ and presuming on 
yoiir fjivorsble conatmeiio^^ find hob^' e^ioouraged by 
your kind a<^-e|»l.Anre of whnt 1 have been enabled to du 
ill yi?ur service, aincu Divine Providence cfwt my lot 
amongat you, I therefore humbly prooocd lo deliver my 
mcdilAtious on these vorda/* 

I quote the nunpxed ]>aragrapli from the Me- 
ilitntiiinx for the sake of thf hitimHtiou it (-uutjiius 
that theri* waj^ more than ooe plaoe of worship 
within reach of the people of Hopewell — ^the re- 
ference being proWbly Ui Maidenliead ; Mr. Ar- 
mitage^s farm wae within a mile of Peanitigton, 

" Now thiB being the case of this congregntion, WG are 
■A sheep thni have no ^1i4-pherd by ihe removnl of our 
nuDiBler from u» : Jind wljL«(,hi.'r the same Providence that 
removed him, notwi thai an ding ab our endcavora to the 
contrary, will permit hig return, ii» some ]iopei I know not; 
hut as bowevor that may bu, de atlairs now aland, tt peems 
likely that tkJtneptirt of t/rn ronffrrfftifion will be a» sheep 
that have no Hhefjberd, therefore I iiope," ete. 

Mr. Dickioson was followed in 1720 hy the 
Rev. JosKPH MiJHciAN, He is j^iippmed to have 
com^ from Wal&e, but was educated at Yale, and 



46 



Jol'cpli Morg'An. 



was oue of tlie six fir^ graduates in 1V02. Pre- 
aident WoolHcy, in a letter to Mr. Hale^ rfmarks 
that "some interest is Siit&ched to Mr. Mctrgan 
from the fact thai Le was not only one of the 
memhcrs of the first class in Yale College, but 
jtlso the only one of the clnss who did not also 
take his degree at Harvard, that is, the only ono 
veritably educated at Yale alone," He canje into 
New-Jeraey from Greenwich, Connecticut, in 1 710^ 
and was pastor at Freehold from that time until 
called to the united congregations of Hopewell 
and Miiidenbead_ 

In the " Ppesbytorian Magazine'' of November, 
1857, is preserved a long lett.er from Morgan to 
Dr. Cotton Mather, TATitten at Freehold in Sep- 
tembL^r, 1721. It is wholly in Latin, and in such 
Latin as might be expected from the CLrcuni- 
atances it describes. "For,'' he says, "I spent 
only three years in the etndy of languages and 
the arbi, and, tor twenty-five years I !mvi! la^ 
bored almost conatantly Avith my hands. A 
Latin, Greek, or Hebrew book I have aometimea 
not luul ill my lurnds for a whole year. 1 have 
scarcely any books: pofw<wi no dictionary but an 
imperfect Rider. 1 have no commentjiries, nor 
theological systems nor histories. I have no 



AlorgaiL 



47 



Itfisnre for reatliiii£, nor for writing ^lisconrses for 
the church, and often know not ray text before 

the Sabbath." Tlie letter is chieflj^ in reference 
to some physical anil luetaphysicnl ailments 
against DeiaU, Stwinians, and other Leretio*, 
which MtiT^n hail sent tu Mather some months 
before, but which had not been acknowlerlgcd. 
He incidentally mentions that "in Hojiewell and 
Maidenhead, thirty miles distjint, wlierc the Rev. 
Moses Dickinson proaches, there is a great in- 
crease of the chnrch." 

Whether there were any nnfavorable rumors 
in regard to Mr. Morgan when he came frora 
New-England, ih not certain ; but lie Heenis to 
have been received by the Pi'eebytery with &oine 
caution- On the 21st September, 1710, a com- 
mittee wsB appointed *' t<» inqnire int^ Mi'_ Mor- 
ffanV and |T*aiilus] Van Vleck's affair, and pre- 
pare it for the Presbytery " In the afternoon 
the committee re|>orted on **Mr, Morgan's case," 
and "aft^er debating thereon" he was admitted to 
the Presbytery. There was "seriooa debating" 
upon Van Vlei^k's case before he wsw receivf»d. 
Within two yeara Van \neck, (who was settled 
with the Dutch Pref*byterian congregation at Ne- 
nhamlrjy,) wa*i lound guilty of bigiiiiiy and other 



48 



Morgan. 



offenses, Mr, Morgftii^a inTgiilaritiea beg^n to be 
iiuticeJ ill 1T16, wLeo Iuh '* absentee tbis unA se- 
veral yeai'g by-past being inquired into, it wos 
reHolv*:() that a letter ehould be writ, iiifoiTiiing 
him that if he comes not, nor eends sufG(*i«?nt rea- 
Bona Against nest year, we bIioU take it for 
grant*-!! that lie ha^^ alt^igetlier Jeserteil uh." It 
was at this eee&ion that the Presbytery of Philar 
delpbia divided iti^eli* into three, (Philai.leJphia., 
Newcastle, and Long Island,) and formed the 
Synod of Philadelphia, and there being no mi- 
nutes of the Preshyf,er>' extant after 1T16 until 
17ft3, the further hwtoiy uf tJiis part of Morgan's 
delinquency is not traceable. He ap|>Gared at 
Synod in 1717, and was a punctual ami active 
attendant fur several years. In 1728 " divera 
papers of complaint" against him were presented 
to the Sjniod by some members of his church. 
Of the seven changes one related to aatrolo^eal 
experiments^ another to dancing, and a thii'd to 
intemperanee. The Synod judged that, though 
Mr, Morgan may Imve been imprudent in some 
particulars, the accusations proceeded from a 
"captious and querulous spirit;" and as to the 
charge of intemperance, " it appears to the Synod 
to l^e a gronndle*ifl proftecution against one who 



Morgan. 



49 



haa ever been esteemed a temperate man." But 
on this Lead the Syuod were probalily too chari- 
table, as in 17^t]^ when Morgan had been settled 
in Hopewell fur some sevenyearr^, he wa^itrmlbj 
the Presbyteiy and found ^ilty of intemperance, 
and suspended, A reference from the Pres- 
bytery to the Synod in May, 1*737, led to the di- 
recting of the Presbyteries of Philadelphia and 
Eaet-Jeraey* to meet as a committee at Maiden- 
head In August, and review the case. After tliia 
resolution was adopted, a paper was piTsented 
by Enoch Armit^ige, the preaeher of the '^ Medi- 
tations " " signed by UJauy hituda of tht? cougre- 
gatioas of Hopewell and Maidenhead, requesting 
that., since Mi, Morgan is n<»t likely t^ be aspful 
any more as a minister among them, Irom his re- 
peated miscarriages, if the Synod should see cause 
to restore hiiu t<j liis uiinistjy, he might not be 



* Tb» Proabrtoiy of Eaet-Jcnej vas Ibitscd hf tbe Sjnod b. 1733, 
by liividrng the Presbyteiy o( PhilmlPlphiB. In n.^S iho. PranliyteriM qF 
'Enet-Jcnfj ajid Itjn^ lalaud vera imitodofl thiorrosbjterj-orSew-Yotk. 
On aButaaqaeni tlAy nf tho Bainn BeMliiDn, (May 26, n:iBj H\a Presly- 
tarj ofKcr-Bfunawick vras ibraied oul of tlm Preabjtorj oTKcTr-Tyrk. 
Ita bounda vera " lU Lo tbo corUiviLnl and. oafltwoid of ^f^eoheitcl and 
BopavpU ijnto Rariliii] river, tucLudin^ jiko StBteTs-felaDd. FrH^atno, 
Auibuy. BouudbriJok, BuWuffriJj^, Turlipy, Bockaiticusi Uiniflmk, Fe- 
qualZy, uid CrcaBAiDka" (Printed '^ U«wrdt," pp. 104, 134. I3ti,) Thii 
\t(i uur cburahvB id th& Pnthytdirj of TliiUUelpbiJi- 
3 



yO 



M 



or 



gan. 



reinBtated m their minister," Upon tliis the 
Synod came to the deciaion : '^ That the people of 
Hopewell jind Maidenhead be left at their liberty 
to entertain Mr. Morgan oa their pastor or not, 
even aiipjfoaing the committee appointed to meet 
on his affah* in August, should see cause to re- 
store h»Tn to the ministry ; only the Synod en- 
joins the people to pay to Mr. Morgan what ar- 
rears are due to him for time post/** The com- 
mittee left him under suspension, \rhich con- 
tinned until 1738, when the Preshytery restored 
him, but his name is not found again on the re- 
cords as present after 3 730. 

During Mr. Moi^an^s piwtorate — 1729-1736 — 
his residence was near Maidenhead church. In the 
course of that time the people of Hopewell opened 
a subscription for the purt^hase of a parsonage, 
(»r as they expressed it, '' a plantation to be a 
dwelling-place at all times" fur the minister of 
"the Presbyterian society in that town" [town- 
ship.] If the subecription sliould admit of it, a 
Latin school was to be founded on the plantation. 
Mr. Hale, froni whose collections I obtain these 
facts, thinks it '' probable that this resulted in 



• ItecortU of tho PrmU Cliurcfa. The mbutea of the coamittw 



Paribnagc. 



5* 



the purchase of the pai-sonage-farm oo the west 
eide of the Scotch road, where for so maDj' years 
resided the Rev, John Guild and the Rev, Joseph 
Rue, successively pa^toraof the First Presbyterian 
Church of Hopewell and Pennington." 

Ah iijliih?s help to identify localities, and pre- 
Berre other historical traces, I subjoin a list of 
the subacribers to the parsonage : 



Tiniotliy TiiiiH, 
WUliam Lawrence, 
Thomas Bnrtcwcs, Jr., 
John Branes, 
ComeiiuK Anderson, 
Benjamin Soveranoe, 
Franc IB Vannoy, 
Jonathan Moore, 
E dm and Palmer, 
AlemndeT Scoltj 
Edward Hurir, 
ThomEts Henddck, 
Robert Akers, 
Peter La Rue, 
John Fidler, 
Andrew Milboumj 
Roger Woolverton, 
Benjamin Wilcocks^ 
JohiLiinea Hendricksoiif 
Henry Oxley, 
Ro^er P^ukv, 
John Parke. 



Ralph Hunt, 
Joseph Hart, 
Abraham Andersen, 
BAi'tbolomaw Andcraon, 
Joseph Price, 
Epbraim lliufl, 
Robert Black wet], 
RaJph Hunt, Jr., 
RichFii-d Brj-ant, 
Jonathan Stout, 
Joaas Wood, 
ThomaaHcad, 
John Huot, 
Jonathan FQi-man, 
Samuel Furman, 
John Carpenter, 
Samuel Huat, 
Nathaniel Moore, 
George Woolsej, 
Jonathan Wright, 
Caleb Carman^ 
Elnalbau Buldwlri. 



^Iiaptcii ^luiiil. 



The Tkenton Ceuech : The Rev. Dattd 

COTTELL. 

1714—1738. 

Heretofore the principal settleraenta of Hope- 
well wt^re at some dii^tauoe from the '^ Falls of 
the Delaware," But now the enterprise of Wil- 
Ijftni Trent opened the way for the secular and 
eccletiiaBticHl progress of the towiwhipln another 
direction, Mr. Trent had come to Peunsylvarda 
from Inverness, in Scotlanti, but belonged to the 
Church of England. He was a merchant in 
Philadelphia, and notwithstanding his unprofes- 
sional occnpation, was for many years a Judge 
of the Snpreme Court of the Statt^, and Speaker 
of the House of Assembly, and withal ia called 
" Colonel."* Mr- Trent, in 1714, bought Mohlon 

* In thM indhniiBiible cctortiiDm^nt for the laoal jiDtiquarT, 
'* WbIajd'h AcjibIs of Philadelpluii,'' h n litatory buiJ cntmiTine of tlie 
hnnni m^mplHt h^Col- Trrnt in PiiJ]:id(^Lp(ii& frfltD 1703 lo 17(13. It u 



n 



William Trent. 



53 



Stacy's tract of eight hundred acres, on both 
^des of the Assanpuik creek, and some time 
afterwards removed his residence ttither. He 
soon fell into the same lines of public life which 
he had left in the giater pro^^ce, for he repre- 
sented Burlington county in the Legislature of 
1721; was Speaker in 17"23; and in the same 
year was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court. He died, however, in the first year of 
Lis office, December 25, 1724. 

That "Trent's-town," op '^TrenUown," was 
growmg to a respectable condition, is indicated 
by the direction of the Governor in 1719^ that 
the county courts should be held here, and it 
became the aeat of the Supreme Court la 1724. 
As the population thickened, the convenience of 
the people would call for a church within I'each 
of a walk; and it is reasonable to suppose that 
before the time had come for building a new 
church, the Presbyterians in and near the town 
would hold religious meetiuga there, and might 
even erect some temporary structure which 



VoL i IM.) In ■ TrenUin newipapor of 1840 T Iutb mu-ked tJilB 
nDDOUpcoDiviit : "U!od ol her reudeDce qsot thii dfy, Dooeoiber 20, 
IS40, Uflry^ widow ot Natbuo Dcokwi, la her 7Stb jear— the Lu( pothd 
ihAt had borne th* tume «f Tnnt.'' 



54 



Church-loL 



would afterwaitis be properly regarded as the 
foundation of the new churck In tracing the 
deetlsof the lot now occupied hythe State-ritreet 
church, thtre is au ap^jeanince of iU hainng been 
long desigued, if not partially usod, for chnrch 
purposes. In Majj 1G84^ Mahlon Stacy conyey- 
ed to Hugh Standeland sisty acvQs on the north 
side of the Aasartpink. His heir-atrlaw, in 1707, 
conveyed to Jashna Anderson one fifth of the 
Bome. This fifth, or twelve acres, Anderaon in 
November, 1722, conveyed to Enoch Au<lrus, 
In April lOj 1Y57, Audnis conveyed a portion 
of his h*t — ^>ne hnndred and fifty feet square — 
for the nominid sum of fire shillings, to 



John Porte rficld, 
Daniel IJowgII, 
RieUflril Scmltltr, 
AlL'Xnrider Lonkurt, 

The witnessea to the 



William YnrO, ^ 

William Hoff, 
John Sevoms, 
Josqih yrird.* 

conveyance ai^e John 1i 



Andenson, Francis Gifiui^, and Daniel Howell, 
junior. 
Now Enoch Andru3 wan one of the trustees in 

* ThB drwt la in thb pomaaioa of our truatooA. H \t recorded In 
book AT., p. IflW. Tlip iriDt ia dttchbed u "n wrtoia piwc or lol of 

ioTrenlOD, i-onUming m kaElli IQO fljci. aad in iraidth IBOfwil; wilt 
eOI llio mine* minmd^ wood^ OalLlDe^ Jiawkiaai, huniuig^ wnter^ Aud 
ntU>r-omjrao«." Th* iroo-woAa irera about a mite eutrui) of Ui» 



ADderibn'E Grant. 55 

the fleed of Basse and Kevell of 1(598-9 for tlie, 
MaiilenheHi] cImrcL ■ five of Ll^ eiglit grantees 
were signers of the call of l.Le ftrat pastor of th« 
town church in 173*^i, ■which they flaliscril)^ nit 
" inhnhitflutg of Ti^uton Lelonirmg lo the Pi^^ie- 
byteiian congregation ;" Joshua AnJerson waa 
an active Pref4l>yte!"iaii, living near the town; 
Lockiirt was the grantor, Scudder and Howell 
were among the grantees of the conntry church. 
AH this looks s_s if JLcljurch-plt»t 111 town may have 
been long in view, although no ejiecific olijpct ifl 
mentioned in the conveyances. This, indeed, doea 
not appear in the deeds mitil August 24j 1763, 
when Jgacph Yard, sole survivor of the joint 
tenants, conveys the aanie h>t to " the Trustees 
of the Presbyterian Church of Trenton, for the 
Special uses and trust following^ that is to say, to 
be anil rennuu forever for the use of public wor- 
ship and ils a burial-place for the Presbyterian 
congi*egatiou of Trenton tbrcver.^^ The joint 
tenancy wa* undoubtedly for the purpose of hold- 
ing the lot for the congregation, which was not 
incorporflpted until 175G. 

• The ori^finul isvrilL tho tniateefi ; it iHroGoriiod in l-i>fjk AT., |>, IH. 
Tbochiuoh flrfil went by Uiu muneuf " Aatlactuji'fl Mu'?tiu^h^JIi*.^" TLo 
Ibiirtli UDd EUlh ^mQr&tioiis iu dnraut froai Enocb Andm^ (AndeTKiii,) 
an now tnomberm oT tiia oilj diiireb- 





Another portion of the lot was purchased m 
1759. A deed of July 23, of that year, from 
Moore Funnan, Sheriff of Hunterdon, conveyed 
to the Trustees a lot described as follows: 

*■■ Being lot No. 3, fceginniog at iho corner of the 

Prcsbyttrian Moeting-house lot of land on tLe north 
fflde of ihe street or road that leadfl towards the old iron- 
works, and from thence runs along lie line of the fiaJd 
meeiiug-touBe lot norLfi three degrees west, 2 chama aad 
14 links to the land of William Morns, Kaq-, and from 
thence runs along bis line N. 87° £. one chains 23 links 
to ft post, being a comer of lot No- 4 ; and from thence 
rtina along the line of the Bctme S. 3^ E., two chains and 
H litkaiothe aforesaid street or road, and from along the 
same one cluin and 2Z links to the ^at mentioned corner 
or place of bogianing." 

Thia part of the pr^^ent grounda was bought 
foj' ten pounds proclamation moneyj being sold 
under execution, at the suit of James Hazard 
aud Richard AUop, l^xecntora of Nathaniel 
Hazard, against Benjamin Steveoson, Executor 
of Enoch iVndersoD,* The trustees took it ^' for 
the use and benefit of the aald Presbyterian 
Church of Trenton, to bury their dead in, and 
for other public naes of the said Church." 

* In tho pTMent cburcb'porch [a & g7%T«-TtoD0t '*!□ memorjor Enodi 
AndtraoD, vho dopaned OiIa lire April lAth, lUd, Aged fiO yaars." 
U tba ohumh-janl bed|^ It th« gnvo of "UnrcBrel Andovon; HSS.*" 



Date of Church. 57 



Prom this it sppeare that the purchase of 1769 
was of a lot about eighty feet front; making 
with the lot ttf 1 727, a front of two huiidreil aud 
thirty-one feet. 

The present dimeoaons of the lot, aa sui'veyed 
in 1840j tim : 

SouUi Hne, (the front,) 2*7 feet 9 in. 
North ^ ft*l '* 

Eart '' 142 " 

West " 130 *" 

Over one of the doors of the Chnrch ia n. 
marble tablet thus insaibed: 

"PRESDYTERIAN 

curacH. 

FOBJW£T> 1712, 

Bvii.t new, 

Rkbclt 1805." 

This memorial was transferred to ite present 
place, from the l^rick church taken down in 
1805 ; and the first two da,teH were copied from 
a similar inscription foimd in the ^tone building 
which preceded the brick. The date of 1Y1'3 la 
presumed to apply to the organisation of the 
conntrj' church. There U more difference of 
opinion about the second line — some Kiippo^ing 
it to be the date of the frame chnrch on Lock- 




58 



Church of 1726. 



art's grouDtl, which aupereeded the log building 
first erected. But while tlie matter is not cer- 
tain, the weight of probabilitj' appears to be ia 
favor of the supposition that some kind of build- 
ing wa« erected on the Andrus ground a year 
before he made the formal conveyance of 172t» 
and that this is the explanation of " Built 172G-" 
I am strengthened in this conclusion by find- 
ing that fiisty-sis years ago the tradition of the 
day waa to the same effect. In a note prepai'ed 
April 25, 1792, by the Rev. James R Ai-mstrong, 
in compliance with the call of the General 
Assembly for hL^tcncal documents^ and in which 
lie refers to "Mr. Chambera and Mr. Benjamin 
Yard," a^ his authorities, is thia statement: 

" The first Prcsbyterifln coagregaiioTi in the county of 
HuiitOPdon was formt-d in tKe townsbip of Trenton ; and 
the chnr^jh o.illed ihe OM House was built about the year 
1712, where the Rev. Robert Orr, a SootaiOfln, preached 
part of hia lime during three or four ycare; the rcmaiuder 
of his lime he preached at Maidenhead, where a church 
WOB built about the year 171&. , . . The congregation 
of Trenton, in or about the year 1725, built a church in 
the village of Trenton, Hot as a diffeieot congregation, 
bat for the convcniertoc of that part of congregation in 
and noajs-ibc town," 

In thia place may be appropriately ineerted a 



Stone Church. 



59 



description of the original town church, furnish- 
ed for this volume hy my lamented friend and 
fellow eldey^ Francis Armstrong Ewliig^ M.D., 
whose departure from this life Ijefore the publi- 
cation, will tall upon me to introduce his name 
and character more fully iu a later chapt9r. The 
engraving is token from a drawing made by Dr. 
Ewing from the descriptions of those who remem- 
bered the Sret church. 




Sht ma ^loiic i^vn\. 



"The old stone church, built in 1726— the 
first of the series — stood on the south-we&t comer 
of the church let, on the some site as its succes- 



6o 



Stone Church, 



aoi", the brick one, but cot covering so lai^^a 
space. It fronted south on Seoijnd street, (now 
State,) standing a little back from the line of the 
street, and lia\'iug a Urgt^ flat ^Uma befoie the 
door. Its front presented in tbe centre a l^rgQ 
door-way, cloeed by two half-doors, on eat^h side 
of w^hich WFW a pretty large winrlow, stjuare- 
headed, as was the door ; and probably over the 
door another window, though on this point there 
is a difterenee of reuollection. The stones of 
the building, free of wash or planter, showed 
only their native hue, or that acquired by loDg 
exposure to the weather. The rootj with gables 
to the street, was of the curb or double pitched 
kind, and was covered with shingles, each neatly 
rounded or sealloj^ed. Entering the front door, 
a middle aisle, floored with wood, led towiirds 
the pulpit, which was at the opposite or north 
end- The first object r^ach^d waa a settle, occu- 
pied during service by the acxton. Raised one 
step from the flottr, whw iia inelosed p]}acp with 
desk ui tront, Avhere stood the niiiiiriter while 
adniiuiatering the sacraments or hearing the 
catechism. Behind and above was the pulpit, 
of wood, onpninted, at( was all the wood-work in 
the buildings esce]rt the ceiling, having a wound- 



Stone Church, 



6i 



1x>&rd over it, fa^ened against the rear waU, In 
this wull, on ^lu-h side of the pulpit, was a wui" 
dow correapondiiig to those in front. The pulpit- 
stairs rose from the pastor's pftw, wTiicli was 
agftin^t the rear wall on the ea^t side of the 
piilpili- A gallery ran roimd the front and two 
sides, the stairs to which rose in the firont cor- 
Dore. Bctwocn the front door and thcwe comer 
fltjiirfl were two fltjnare pews on eai^h aide, of 
Dtiequol size, over the oDe of which, nt-aj-est tlie 
staire, was one of the frotit windows, Jlefore 
these pews was a cross-aiile, leading to the fttair?* 
and to thi^aide-aielea, Theee were n^irrower than 
the middle one, and led to the north wall. All 
the [>ews against the walls were square, and, like 
all the others, Lad the usual high, striught backs 
of the time. Sitting in church was not then 
the eaay J cushioned atTdr of modern liiiys. Two 
Bf^uaro pcwa against the reai' wall; foui' on each 
side, the fourth from the front being in the 
comer, and the four on the front completed the 
noniber of fourteen- The rest of the floor -waa 
occupied by narrow pews or slipw, opc^ning into 
the aide and middle aisles. Tiic ceiling wap 
wooden, curved in four ways, (the lines of June 
liou rising from the comers,) and punted in i 

4 




62 



Stcme Church. 



BOrt of clouded atyle, blue aud whit^, intended 
to represent the sky and clouds, if the childish 
impreeaione of one of my informflots have not 
thn!^ inbtftken the mottled results of time and 
danipnes*^. 

''While the old church was standing, there 
was a tradition that there was o, vault under the 
bnildirg, hnt it ysna not known where. When 
the honso was taken down the vault wm discor- 
ered, containing two coffins with plates, and 
other etHdeneeR that the bodies were those of 
persons of fltanding and iniportrtnce. In the 
}>rick chnrciij in the floor within thfr railing 
before the pulpit, wa« a trap-door, wHch was 
flaid to lead to this vault. The vault waa covered 
over when the present church wa8 Innit, and is 
embraced in one of the burial lots in the space 
where the old hou^e atood * 

"Tlie old church was rich euouerh to own a 
bier, which, except during service and when not 
in use, was kept in the middle al^le. There was 
U(« pulpit Bible ; the pastor'?^ family Bible aup- 
plicd its place, being taken to church in the 
morning anti carried back after the afternoon 
service. This return being once neglected, and 



* Tli» mjtkaj Ctt Uitt vflolc will be expkiaed to a lUor clui|tteT. 



Stone Church. 



63 



the book being Deeded id the eveoioif, * Black 
George/ the miuister^a boy, was ^nt to biiiig 
it_ Aft^ra long absence be oame raumug back, 
ahirmed and agitated, sa;^!!!^ he bad stumbled 
over the ' pall-beai'er^/ meauing the bier. There 
WAj* seldom service in the evening, and no provi- 
Bion for it ; when needed, two large bruss candle- 
sticks, belon^g to the paator's wife» were put' 
in requisition to enlighten and decorate the 
pulpit 

*^ In the yard behind the church stood a fine 
ftpple-tree^ much resorted to for its shade, its 
blossoms, and it^ fruit, by the children from the 
a<^ool-hou^te, whieb was on the eastern part, of 
the eanie lot. Thia nehool was taught by Mr- 
Nicholas Dnboifl, who united in himself the 
offices of elder, teacher, and chorister ; in which 
last capacity he Lad a place with his choir in the 
gallery. 

" In the pews of the old church 1 have describ- 
ed, were gathered every Sabbath, to listen to 
the preachere of the olden time, the principal 
families of that day. Of these a few relics still 
linger among u&, treasuring up the memory of 
uthefs; while even thenamts of most of them are 
almost unknown to our present people. There 



H 



Srone Churcli. 



were Hunt and Milnor, the lending mcTchnntd of 
their time, wLuse uam^ were for many yeare nt- 
tach^d to the comers they rpspectivoly occupied, 
(now Norcros-V and BrittonV») There was Lenke^ 
Ipiimt^d ill the law, but of extreme s^implicity ami 
guile loftenejse ; Sriith, eminent as a physician and 
judge ; Bellevilk, from FVance, at the h*Tad <rf 
til* medical profession, and esteemed by the 
highest authorities in the neigh Ixiring citiee ; the 
elder Jitili^e Kwing: and besidt**!! these, the Our- 
dona, Ryalls, llaydeiis, Calhouns, Yards, Moorea, 
Collins, Chamhere, Woolseyft, and others whose 
names snd memories have nearly ]wu^etl uway- 
In another pW:o will be found tin? name^^ of 
emiDf^nt preacher*, whose vuii:e at tmiea filled 
the old houfie. 

" Tint all things come to an end, and bo did the 
old fltone chnrch. Having st<>od for nearly 
eighty years witnet^ing the growtli of the town 
Eliuo!ft t"P'>ni \Xk iR-ginning^ aiid the stirniig event** 
of the Revolution, it was at length taken down 
in llje year 1804, to make room for ite succeeeor. 
On the la^ frahbath before its destruction, b&- 
widert the ini*tallation cf two new elders the com- 
muidoii wiu* jubniTiiNtered- Tlie sole mni tics of 
that occasion mo^t have been deeply impressive, 



Hubbard. 



65 



for the language and 



of tlie pastor, and, 



maiuier 

indeed^ the whole eceue, are still »pokeu ot^ by 
some who were present, with stamg einotioii.^ 




The Rev. Mr. Armatrong'a memorandum^ 
already quoted, ppoeeeds to say : '* After the 
fouiidiug of th*5 two |ilac*?ft of ^'oi'ship in the 
township of Trenton, Mea&rs. Ilabhard, Wilsonj 
and Morgan^ unaffftled minUterr*, preached in sue- 
ceeaion at Trenton and the old house ; hat their 
lu^t settled pa&tor was the Rev. David Cowell,'' 
Moi'gan' has already been mentioned in connec- 
tion with the other Hopewell churchy and with 
Maidenhead. Of Hubi»ard and Wilson, the 
date and duration of their ministries, cothing is 
known beyond Mr. j\rni3trong'& record. It has 
been suggested to me that the flrst-naraed person 
may have been the Rev. Jonathan Hubbard, 
(the family name is sometiraert apelted HobarfJ 
of Connecticut, who graduated at Yale in 1724, 
acd died in 1765. He was a fellow ooUogiau 
and townsman of the Rev. Dr. Richard Treat, 
of Abini^n^ Pennsylvania. Dr, Treat was at 
the Sj-nod of 1733, when the Trenton people 
applied for supplies, and the conjecture is tbat 
he may have obtained the services of Mr. Hul> 

4» 



66 



WiHon, 



burd, ivlio about that time discontinued liift con- 
nection with the chnrch of Ensthuiy, Coiinecticnl 

There was afRev, John Wilson, who, on Sep- 
tember 19, 17'jy, according; to the minutes of 
the Synod of Philatlcl]>hm under thiit date, 
** coming providentially into these parts, Bigniiy- 
ing his desire of bemg admitted as a member of 
the Synwcl^ hi^ credentijJs beinj^ read, and the 
Synod satisfied therewith, was nnanimoa^ly 
recpivpfV He wa.s afterwards employed at 
Newcastle, where some misunderstanding arose 
between his congregation and the Presbytery, 
which was referred t« the Syuod^ (September 
IS, 1730,) who " juflged that, as far as thingy ap- 
pear to u^, tliey (the Presbytery) are not charge- 
able with any severity to h\m ^ but the contrary h** 
There was another Rev. John Wilson, a Presby- 
terian pajstor in Cheater, New-Hampshire, in 
1734, who died there in 17T3, aged sevenfy-nir, 
and 19 supposed to have been a son of the first 
named* One of these may have been the Tren- 
ton [^apply. 

The township of Trenton was set off from 
Hnpewell by the Hunt^rdoTi County Court of 
Quarter Sessi^ne in March, 1Y19-20. The new 



• WdwUr, p, tor,. 



Cowcll's Call. 



67 



■ 



triwnsliip ititrluflerl the country (now Ewing) 
and tovm t-hurcheft, bo that the name of Hope- 
well did nut proi>erly apply to either of the 
jiartttof tlie juint congrpgation aft^r that dnte, 
although from habit the term may have contin- 
ued to he used. eq>ecially of the country church. 
The citU uf the Rev. David Cowell was nia^le on 
hehalf of the united Trenton church. The ori- 
ginal document, in it^ ample sheet, and well eu- 
gi'oMsed l)y a cl(;rkly hand, is before me, and runy 
oa follows ;* 

"Wlitreaa we the BuhecHbei-s. inhuljitants of Treiiloti, 
l>elongiiig to the Prcabyterian ccngregatlon, Loing desir- 
ous to BOttio a Gospol nkLQttili'v amongst us, nndhnviij^ had 
lh(.' ^xp^uncii! of iht* nniiijit^rial nbilLli^s^ nud tho blume- 
lew Jife smd coiiversniioB of the Revett^nd Mr. Dav'id 
Ctiwdl, d<.> hei'C'by viTmnTtiioiiMly will and dtwro him to 
sultle anit>iig.4t, UB, and lo take the elmrge of this eougrtv 
gation OS their minister. And we, the said subaonbtra, do 
herby pi-omis^ and obligo oorsolvoa to support the said 
Mr, CoweU trilli a mnint^naocc, aud otherwiso to assist 
him ns we mny to disoluirgv hig miia^^teria! function 
nniiing''t, iw; a^ witness our h:L:ida tlifc neventh irlay of 
April, 1730. 

Joseph Higbi^e, Clotwoithy Recid, 

WiUiam Hoff, . CbriBtophtr J. Cowell, 

• "Eor tlilif Hiid olbpr paptTd 1 am ludtbtt^d lo ^Ir, Jylm V, CuntlT, 
oM«r of IhB iJcCDml CJiardi. Fbiladelphlo, wIlq la a grent-ncphew of our 



68 



Cowell's Call 



William Wor&lee, 
William Reod, 
Joseph Jonca, 
Isaac Jo^iis, 
David Howell, 
Koliert Laoning, 
Jonathan Fiirman, 
William Lartrooor, 
Kichard Fuimaii, 
Jat'ob Anderson, 
Isaac Recder, 
John Forlertield, 
William Yard, 
Riciiard Scudder, 
Ralph Ilan, 
Charles Clark, 
Comoliiia Ritigo, 
Samuel JohnBon, 
Joseph Yard, 
Ebenezcr Proul, 



Joseph Green, 

William Green, 
Frands GifGog, 
Samud Hooker, 

Heary Bcllergeau, 
Andrew Reed, 
Ralph Smith, 
Arthur Howell, 
Peter Lott, 
James Bell, Jr., 
Eliakim AndemoD, 
William Yard, Jr,, 
Ncal W. Lcviston, 
John Osbiirn, 
Daniel Bellergeau, 
William Feirson, 
David Dunbar." 



On the call is this indorsemeat: 



" " Trenton, April the 7th, 1730. The following persons, 
viz., Richard Scuddcr, Ralph Hart, Charles Clark, Samuel 
Johnson, Cornelius Hmgo, and Joseph Y'ard, were ap- 
jwhitod by the PresbyteriaEi congregation present at 
Trenton the day above, to be a coniraittce to present the 
within-named call to Mr, Cowell, and to discourse with 
him in behalf of the congregation, and his settling 
among us. Jos. Yard, Clerk, S," 



CowcU- 



69 



'ITiere 151 also on the hack of the call a memo- 
randinn by tlie lian*! uf Mr. Cowell, '* Receju. 
May 1, 1 73ft " denotiag tlie day on which he wos 
■fti'ait.ed on Yij the committee, 

Mr. C-owel], althnu^li then in the thii-tj'-secoiul 
year of his age, wad ouly four years from college, 
and wa» Htill a licentiate. He vtba born in 
Dorch^ter, Ma^nchusotts, in 1704, and was 
graduated at Harvarti in 1732, the seventh 
year '.»f the Preeideiicy uf tlie Rev. Benjamin 
Wad^woith. Mr. Cowel] was in college in dia- 
orderly times. In the September of hia laat year 
a committee of the corporation cloaed an eight 
months' investigation of the causes of the low 
con*lition of morale and study. The comnitaict^ 
ment had become the occaaiou of so mn^h dissi- 
pation in the toivn and neighborhood, that for 
»ioine yean* about tliis time it was held uii Fri- 
day, and then with a very shoi-t public notice, 
no OA tn allow but the end of the week fur ite 
indulge nee,* 

I find no record of Mr, CoweB's reception to 
the caie of the Presbytery of Phihideljdiiji, nor 
of hisi licensure. They were prol>ably in the lost 
minuted of 173a-3, On tiie Slith July, 1736, 

(Jmnpj'a "lliHiory of Uar^Jinl [Ti.irerBtij,^ i. 38fl-a5i2- 




CowclL 



the people of Trenton su](p]ioated the Presby- 
tery of Philadelphia, to which they then be- 
longed, for the onlination of Mn CowelL This 
was ^'flated^ aud according to appointment, a 
committee of Preebytery met at Trenton on the 
second of November of that year. The commit- 
tee, as present, were the Rev, Messrs. Jedediah 
Andrews, David Evans, EleazerWtiles, ami Rich- 
ard Treat TlieRev. "WillmmTeniient and Hugh 
Carlile were absent. The Eev. Jonathan Dickin- 
&0U and John I^ierson sat as correspondents, having 
been delegated on other business. Inthefi»renoon 
of the first day Mr. Cowell whs carried through 
his examination in theology. In the afternoon 
he preaebed his trial eermoii from Romans 3 : 25, 
read hh esegesie, ("An lex naturae sit snfficiens 
ad i^abjtem") and was conversed with on pei^socal 
religion and his motives for the minititry. The 
nest day yfa& observed by the congregation, a^a- 
cording to the Directory, with faatinpf and 
prayer. At two o'clock the aei-vices of ordina- 
nation and installment took place ^' in the public 
meeting-house at Trenton, in the presence of a 
nunierouft asaerably," Mr. Andrewe^ of Phihidel- 
phia, preaching t'lxtm. ^ Timothy -2 : -2. 
At thiti Presbj-terial meeting an inctairy being 



Signers of Call. 



71 



institufeii a^ to what: provision cniild lie m&Ae for 
tho' vacant congregations of Hopewell nnd Maid- 
enhead, (Peouingtott and Laivrencerille,) Mr. 
Cowell was nppoioted to eupply the former as 
often a^ he oould, and Mr. Walei^ the latter. 

Mr- Cowell estnhlisliM his re.nideiice in the 
lowB, He was then, and continued through life» 
nnmnrried. In Mnv, 1T87, he wae received ic 
Synod, and at that sfssion a a nppli cation eoraing 
in from Trenton for an appropriation from the 
fond for the assistance of the feebler congrega- 
tions, the sum of five poundj^waa allowed for the 
year. 

I would he glad to give some notice of each 
of the signers of Mr, Cowell's eall, hut find it im- 
podfiiblo to collect materials tfj any extent, 

CoKWELius RiKGO was of the Gftrman family 
which gave name to the ^Tllage of Rlngoes in 
Amwelh Philip Rin^io^ of Amwell, in 1757 left 
four sons, AlbeHus, Heniy, Ji»lm, and Cornelius. 
Cornelius died at Maidenhead in 17^58, 

Peter Lott was a name of several generations. 
In 1751 one of them died, leaving five uhlUlrt-u, 
to one of whom, Peter, he heqnoathed ^* sis shil- 
lings" mor'e than to the re^^t.j and made him exe* 
eator. He was of Hopewell. Peter Lott was a 



7^ 



Portcrficld- 



witness Iwfore Presbytery in Rev, Mr. Morgan*^ 
case in 173T. In 1T55, Peter Lott, of TrenUtn, 
had (aa appears byhii* wUl) ft nephew Peter, son 
of his brother Hentlrick, and a nephew Peter 
Rapplej^, anil a third nephew, Peter Schauckn 
He bad a l^rother Mewrice, or Maurice, He de- 
sired *^ to lie hurled in Long Island, where niy 
father and mother were buried/' hi 1762 a Pe- 
ter Lott, Junioi\ died at South-Anjboy^ leaYing 
sons Peter, Daniel, and Gerr^hLmi, and a daughter^ 
Ruth; and in 17*>4;, the legalises of Peter Lott, 
of Mitldieaex, weie his graudaon Gershom, and 
his suna Henry, Abrani, George, and Charles, 

Jontf PoBTEflFiBLD dicd in 1738. Hie will, 
dated thrt* jeaj-s before, describes him '^ of Tren- 
ton, merchant, ^^ and devises a thousand aoreg on 
the south branch of the Raritan, and other pro- 
perty in Efl-st New-Jersey, "late recovered from 
John^ Earl of Melfort/* t»ne t*f the noble propria 
^^^ taries- It mentions his brother, Alexander, of 
^^P Dnchall, in Scotland, and a nephew, William 
W R4.ill;4tor, of the ahii^ of Air, and ** Bi^yd Porter- 

I field, grandson to my brother " He bequeathed 

^^m to another nephew, William Farqiihar, " clurur- 
^^ geon of Brunswick, all my interest in one third 
r part of tlie forge at Trenton." Jolm Kinsey, of 




Scuddcn. 



73 



Philadelphia, JoaqjU Pc^ce of Trenton^ nnd Wil- 
Uaui FarquLar wert }ib< execiintoi"^ 

Fbakcis GiFiT^G. A Uacb^nutli of this name 
clied at Trenton in 1749. Hia children were 
Jolin^ itartlia. smd Ri^becca. Hjs wife Margai'et 
and Joseph Yard were the executoi-s. 

The Brllerjeaus are of French descent, and 
have their repregentatives atill in Trenton. The 
name of Samin.'! licllerjcan occurs hereaftyr, in 
1770, One of the faiiiily wa* a phyf^iciaii. 

KicnAitD ScuDDKn came from Long Island in 
1704, and eataMbhed himself on a farm on the 
Delaware, about fivu miie,s ahove Trenton, wlijch 
U still possessed by liis lineal de^ceudaatt*. Hia 
children were Hannah, Mary, Rifhartl, John, 
Abigail, Joseph^ Samuel, Rebecca, aud Joanna, 
oil of whom were baptized by the Rev, Jededinh 
Andrews^ eight of them, together with himself, 
at one ^lolemnity. He died March 14, 1754, at 
the age of eighty-three, 

HiH Hon John, who also signed the call, died 
May 10, 1748, at the age of forty-rteven. His 
children were Daniel, Amog, Pi^udencc, Jemima* 
Jededinh, and Ephraini. 

Daniel, the eideet son of John, ^lied June 5, 
1811, aged e*eventy-tive. He was a tmatce in 
5 



74 



Andrew Reed, 



1786 and subsequently, Ilh cLildreu were 
Rat'b^l, Keziflli, Abner, and Elias. 

Eliab, tlic youngest child, died February 20, 
ISll, at. the uge of foi-tj-four. Hia childi^en 
wepo Daniel, John, Jasper li^mitli, and Abner. 
The third of these is the present Trea^surer of 
the city eon £rregatiuii, being of the tifth generation 
of the family. 

AiiDRfn? Reih) waa a nierch^int in Trenton, 
and is probably the pei'sou mfnticfned in Gover- 
nor Morris's Papers, as having caused an excite- 
ment in 1744, in consequence of hia Laving been 
elected Loan Officer mth fome informality by 
the Justicea of Hunterdon,* He was the first 
treasurer of the btirough uf Tr&nton ujion its in- 
corporation ill lV4t3, He was made a trustee of 
the ehurch by the charter of IT.O^i, and served 
until 1759, wh^n he removed to Amwdl, 
where he died December !(>» 17(ti>. He was the 
father of Centura] Jy^eph Reed of the Uevolution, 
who followed him in the truateeship in 176C» 
Mr> Andrew Reed resided for some time also in 
Phil ad el J ih ill, nnd was a trustee of the Second 
Presbyterian Chureh lu that city. He had a 

• Pupmi oT tcFis RI'nri^ pp, U'r, Iloii, an. 




Bapti 



sms. 



75 




brother Joseph, who died (it Amwcll in 1774, 
whose will luentvona tlie ckildreu of liis late bjT»- 
ther Andrew, namely, Joseph, Boaz, John, Sarah, 
(wife of Charlea Pettit^) aiul Mary. He (Jo- 
seph) Wit a lfg;ji<?y ti.t Mai^ju'et, *'the wife of 
Glotwortut Keed, of Trenton," a name wliieh k 
fonnrl among the fligners of the call. He also 
left thirty pounds to Princeton College, in addi- 
tion to twenty alreatly aobacribed, and fifty to 
t he 11 i ted Prer^l ly tenan congregnti<)iis of A in well, 
directing that hie body should be interred in 
"the old English Preabyterian meeting-house 
grave-yard in Amwell,^ or m any other Presby- 
terijin ^ave-yard nearer which he might be at 
the time of hie death. 

In tbe KegLster of Baptisms by the Rev, Jede- 
diah Andrews, pastor of the Firat Church of Phi- 
ladelphia, Home of the mimai of the signers are 
found- Aa^tiet 2, 1711, Mr. Andrews baptized 
in Hopewell, RicnAnn Sccdder, and hia fight 
children Hannah, Mary, Richard, John, Abigail, 
Joaeph, Samuel, and Rebekah. At Maidenheatl, 
March t\, 17115^ Kebekah, daii^^hter of Ebexezeb 
pKouT, and Daniel, sou of Robert LAsr^rNG. At 
Hopewell, April :^1, 1Y13, Susanna, daughter of 
Kiohard SctTDDER and Alexander, eon oi 



1<^ 



Governor Morris. 



CHAKLEa Clark. At M^iiileiiheaJ, Deceraljer 
SI, 1713, Abigail, daugbtcrof Ralph IIaht. At 
llopewell, July 28, 1714^ Eunice, daugliter of 
Ebenezer PnouT. At Maidenhead, April 17, 
1716, Edward, son of Ralph IIcnt, July 13, 
1715, JosepL and Anua, cliildi^eii of Ellvkim Ajs- 
DERsoy ; Frances, daug;hter of Robkiit Laxntno. 
Tlic year 1738 is notaMc in the history of 
New-JerHcy, us the .fii'st in whiL^h the Province 
had a Governor excla^^ively ita own. Heretofore 
the crown had united it mth New-Yurk in the 
comniiflsiona of the successive goveinoi's ; but 
now Colonel Lewia Morri?, a nntive of Mom- 
Rania, in New- York, wa^ ai>pointed for New- 
Jersey alone. The legislative Assembly of the 
Ppo\'ince was accustomed to meet alternately at 
Perth Anibtjyand Bui'Iio^rlon. Gov, Moi'ris waa 
anxions to fix npon a pei-manent and more cen- 
tral place for the &eat of government. In 1740 
be writes: ^^I have hirt^d Dagworthy's bouse at 
Trenton." In IT^a he negotiates with Gov. 
Tliomaa^ of Pennsylvania, fiir a lease of hi^ eatate 
called Kingsbnrj^ — the pro|)erty in the lower part 
of Warren (then King) street, aubaeq^uently occu- 
pie<l by other provincial governors — and which, 
after a long interval, became the executive man- 




Morris. 77 

don during the iociimheiicy of Governor Prir^, 
Lewis JcsonbtM it In 1744, as '*aljout halt' a 
mile from Trenton ; a very healthy anil pleiisant 
place, paiied by a small brook (Assatijilnk) 
from Treiitown, the p-eat thoronffhfiire betw^een 
York ami Fhilndelphia.'^ He wm not able 
to obtain a change iu the seat of govemmeut ; 
but in acsommodatioQ to hi3 bad health the 
LcgialatTire wua summoned to meet at Trenton, 
oud onee at least at KiTifjsbury, hi ordf^r to be 
difi^olrod in pt^r^a by the Governor. He died 
there, May 21, 1740. 

trovemor Morris belonged to the English 
Chui'ch, and ivhde a resident at his estate of 
Tiut<?rn, or Tliit**n, in Moiinionth county, when 
President (1700) of Coancil had recommended 
to the Bishop of Xjondon, as neceeaary '* to the 
bringing over to the Church the people in th(Ke 
countries," that none but " cburehmen^' should 
be plnced in the high ollicea — that memlDers of 
that Church ehould have "some peculiar privile- 
ges nboYC others," and tliat no man should be 
admitted to a great benefice in England who had 
not preached *Mhn?e years gi'atie in America-" 
But his sectarian zeal had disappeared when he 
made his will : " I forbid any man to be paid ft>r 



78 Morris. 

preacliing a funeral sermon over me ; those who 
survive me will eommeud or blame my life as 
they think fit, and I mu not for paying of any 
man for doing of either ; but if any man, whether 
Churchman or Dissenter, in or not in priest^a 
orders, is inclined to say any thing on that occa- 
sion, he may, if my executors think fit to admit 
him to do it.'** 



' " Tho papain of' Levis Uorrin,'' vol ir. of CoUedJou oT tba Kev- 
JcTsoy Historical Socicf^, pp. 9, 225j ete. Uorria'a rent ia lYenUiik wu 
sixty poundfl, ($160t) tlie landlord ezpendiog £200 "In putllDg oT it 
Into repair and builduig a wing fjra kitdion tolodgo Bemmti" "^Th* 
lusee might cut hia flro-wood, huinot of limber'trMe.'* "Our bouse in 
good," wrilCB tite (Jovcirnor ia 1744, "ttid pot odo cbioiaey laitstuokep. 
I hare not j ct got into ploughing and sowing, having but little grouad, 
and that but ordiuaiy, aud much out of ordar, but Bball tr; a little at 
itf wljanl get it into somatbing bcLLer Jbu«, wbicb 1 am doia^." 



Ret. Mr, Cowell and Ke\% Mb. Teknent. 
SciTPM Of Synod. 



173r.— 17G0. 

Mk- CowecxV name apfienrs in the uiinutes of 
Presbytery, first of Philad&l|iliia, afterwards of 
New-Bnma^ck, as a punctual attendant down 
to 1V46. From tliat year U> 1762 there is a 
hiatus in the recon^fi, and there ia no means of 
a**certftining '^'hat part lie took in that judicutiire 
during the remainder of his life, beyond what 
transpires through the minnt^g of the Synod, 

It is odIj from the proceedings oF this eouj-t 
that we ohtahi information of a theolop^ical contro- 
versy between Mr. Cowell and the llev. Gilbert 
Tenneut, of the Presbytery of New-Brnnswiclc, 
that ie first mentioned in May 1736, at vrlnvli time 
a large correspondence had already pa&'!*ed be- 
tween them. From the tenor of the proeeedinga 
in three successive sessions of the Synod, it 
appears that Mr. Tennent suspected Mr. Cowell 




i 



8o 



Cowcll and 



of holding that doctrine, or eome form of it, 
■which niakea the happine?<a of the in^lividual the 
chief motive of religion. Not satisfied with the 
result of the correspondence, Mr. Tennent brought 
the suhject to the iintice of Pjnodj May 27, 
173S, with a request for- an expression of their 
opinion. The Bynod appointed a committee, com- 
posed of Rev. Messrs. J. Dickinson, Pierson, Pem- 
herton, Thomson, Anderaon, Boyd, ajul Treat, 
to convei-se with the two controTeitLsta together, 
** that they may see whether they so widely dif- 
fer in their sentiments as is aujiposed ; and if 
they find, there be ueceasity, distinctly to con- 
sider the papers; that Mr, Tennent and Mp. 
Cowell be both chrccted to refi'iun all public dis- 
com^'S ii]xin this controversy, and nJl methods 
of spreading it among the populace, nntij the 
committee have made thpir report to the Syiio*3 ; 
and that no other member take notice of and 
divnlge the afein" The committee finding that 
the debate was not to be settled by eonverea* 
tion, obt^ned leave to defer their report until 
the next Synod, and the Rev. Mr. Cross waa 
added to their number- 
On the second day of the next year's session, 
(May 24, 1739,) the committee were not pre- 



J 



G. Tcnncnt 



Si 



par^d to report On tlie 25th tlie subject was 
again defcired — the Comniittco l>oing probably 
engaged in private (■<mfei'ence with the pai-tiea. 
On the 29th the report was preeeuted; upon 
hearing which the Synod espre^sed their great 
satLrfaction in finding the contending parties fidly 
ftgrced in their sentimentri upon the point in con- 
troversy, according to the terras in which the 
overture of the comniittee had embodit»d the 
doctrine. The cx>mniittce preftice the theologi- 
cal Btatement to which thfy had ,4ecuT-ed the 
fiBsent of the disputants, with this somewhat 
caufltic intimation : 

*' Though tliey apprehend that there were some incau- 
tious and ungual Jed i'.\pre&tJJOtiB used by hoLli tliu contead- 
ing partit-a, yet ilicy luivc gioujid in liopf^ that the princi- 
ya\ conlrovcniy between llioni flows from Ihoir not having 
clear idens of the aiibjeet thoy po csiriiestly dobnle nboat, 
and uot fmm anj- dangcrona errors they eiiteruhi/' 



The comniittoe then proceeded to harmonize 
the views which eath of the polemics took 
of hifl fevorite side of the prolilem. The sub- 
stance of their Btateoient is, that Gud has been 
pleased to connect the highest liappinesa of man 
with the promotion of the divine glory, and 



82 



G. Tennerit. 



therefore tbe two designs must nerer be placed 
in op[x>rtitioii. 

Hie decision wag made at the last sedemct of 
the nieetinj^, wLeu Mr. Teuncnt liiul not much 
tmie tu welgL the terniH uf the rejiort ; Ijut upon 
the reading of the minutes at the opening of thg 
session of 1740, he expressed bis dissatisfaction 
and naked for a reeonsidemtion of the subject- 
After much debate upon this request, it was 
refused by a great majority * Mr, Tennent's t5is- 
position was not towards concegsion. Neither 
his pea nor voice as yet gave promiae of the 
future " Irenicuni.'* As Dr. Firdej s*iid at his 
funeral, if an end seemed to be attainable, *^ he 
would not give up the point while one ghmpse 
of hope remained" He snbsequectly allnded 
in the harsliest terms to what he conceived to be 
the heretical standing of many of the Synod on 
the point of his controversy with Mi\ Cowell. 
*^His natural disposition,'^ says Dr, Alexander, 
" appeal's to have been severe and ntjcomprom- 
ising J and he gave strong evidence of being very 
tenacious uf all his opinions, and not very toler- 



I 



• IlMorde, pp. 13B^ 111, Ml, 146, \i^, IBa Tim proeMdJiiEB tn 
qtrsa in Dr Hotlgu's C-cuBlUuilouiil BhUjtj. Fart T„ pp. 33fi-23V, 




The RevivaL 



83 



ftut of those who diaeented frtjui his ^ws, as 
appeareJ by tlie controversy Tv-hicli lie Iifid with 
the Rev, Mr, Cowell, of Trenton, aud which he 
brought before Synod "* 

Onr w'hol« Churth wna now approaching one 
of the most cxcitiuj^ and tLimultuous epochs in 
its history — jm epoch signalized l»y the dlscord- 
ftnt epithel^ of ^^The Gmit KL-vivai;' and "The 
Great Kchtsm" to whii^h uiitrht be added^ as 
their seqtiel, "The Gr^rtt Relapse'' — the times 
of Kdwarda, Whilefitid, Wesley^ Teanents, Dick- 
inson, Blair, Davenport, nnd the pnrtiea, Bectej 
and controversies with which their names are 
associated; times of fiinalicism nnd censorious- 
neas, yet alao of awakening and reformatiiDn ; the 
good of whit'h hits overbalanced the mischief — 
the Divine wisdom neiitrflliaing the foolishness 
of men. A full and r.indiil surrey of the period 
from 1740 to 175S, nnd a discrimiiiatiijg view of 
what ia pare and what apunoua in the character 
of a ^* Revived," may be found in Dr Hodge's 
volumes on the '* Constitutional Histoi-y of the 
Presbyterian Church.^' All that pertains to my 
JiiDtted purpf.^se iji:iy be comprt'^'^tnl in a few 
paragrapli^. 



84 



Whiteficia. 



Botli ill this country aud Great Britain, tlie 
piety of tbe Churcli, its luiuiatry and laity, was 
in a laDgaid condition. In some parts thi^ was 
Bccompanied witlj, or caused by, a looseaeea in 
doctrinal opinion. The first marked symptoms 
of improvement appeared at FreeholtJ, New- 
Jeisey, in the congregation iind<?r the care of the 
liev. John Tennent, nnd throughout hia hrief min- 
ijitry from 1730 to hif^ dcabli in 173!?. Under the 
itinerating ministry of the Kev. John Rowland, 
In Mftideuhead, ITnpewell, and Amwel!, similar 
effects appeared a few yeara later, and most con- 
spicuously in 1740. In Elizabcthtown, Newark, 
New-Biuii'^wli_*k, and other pait^ of New-Jersey, 
fl8 vrell a^ in the neighboring Provinees, and in 
Virginia and New-England, the ** awakening^ 
was mmnrkiibly txtt^iided aud decided. In the 
year 17J^S, AVhiiefield first appeared in America, 
and repeated h is visits at intervals until hia death 
st Newburyport in 1770, Ills extraordinary 
preaching and inexhaustible enthusiasm served 
to increase and diffuse the religious fervor that 
had already made ita appearance, while the 
irrcgnlarities of hia measnree, and the marks of 
fanaticism that characterized his language and 
conduct, excited the mislrustof eomeof themoBt 




Synods of 1737-8. 



85 



pious and jndiciona, as to the ultimate efTecb of 
his course, 

It was the esoitcment, both good nud bad, 
nttetiding the movements just rrfeiTed to, that 
led some of the most zealous minUters to disre- 
gard formalities and regulations which they sui> 
posed were irapediroenta in the way of attempt- 
ing what the times required- In 1V37, the 
Synod of Philadelphia, the only Synod and the 
highest court oi' tlie Church, prohibited the v 
iutmsioD of the ministora of one pi'esbytery 
TFithin the bounds of another. The main ob- 
ject of thia law was to prevent itinerant miniatera 
from producing confusion by preaching in par- 
iflhea aninvited by the proper minister. Agfiin, 
in 1738, the Synod directed that every candi- 
date for the ministry should present to the Pi-es- 
bytery to which he applied, a diploma oF grad- 
uation, or an equivalent eertifitvLte of Bt'hohu-ghip 
from a committee of the Synod. In that year 
the Synod had formed out of the Presbyteriea 
of New-York and Philatlelphia, the Presbytery 
of New-Brunswick. All the churches and minis- 
tera to the noith mid east of Miudeuhead and 
Hopewell, with some others, were united in the 
new Pri^&bytcry, On the fii-st tiay of it3 consti- 
6 




86 



Rowland- 



tntion, it deliberately disregarded tLe latter rule, 
and licensed a caudidate witliout diploma or cer- 
tificate. The Synod pronounced thia act disor- 
derly, and refused to recognize the licentiate. 
In reply, the Presbytery, led by the I!eT> Gilbert 
Teunent, stated their objectioua to both of the 
abore-named rolra, as infringing on Prcsbytcrial 
rights and transgressing Synodal authority* The 
Syaod slightly modified the rule of examination, 
but adhered to its principles. The Pi^esbytery 
persisted in their contumacy, onlained the very- 
pro hationer (Rowland) tbat they had irregularly 
]it:ensecl, nnd continued to licenee in the old way. 
The ll^fpewell tkniily of churches became in- 
volved in the schismatic proceedings, Hopewell 
and Maidenhead, etiU in the Presbytery of Phi- 
ladel]»hia, supplicated thi; new Presbyt.eiy for 
Mr, Rowland us their supply^ which was granted- 
The Presbytery of Phihulelphia, which had, 



* Mr^ Tvncient'a Trurmdi was uQilaiJblc^T imreiwd bjfaii bulk-fUiHt 
the cjiiLliDiifiEiQiiq or Hie Synod iii rogird la Vte whduihtp of ooadidaJn^ 
nro» tmtn a waui oT cotilldcucfi in Llifl accomplish oicuts uTth? pupDiof 
the tvi^lmmlnj AcMidptnyn ^flrnbllnhEid l^ IiIa fiLlior. Tho aHh ftnd 
fdenccd vctc not Ihoufiilit Lo lio na well lui^^hC Ui^ro as l(jc cUsolos. 
Thni, Pr. Alt-xiunZi^r rciuatk^ Llmi ikv sL'liJam '^ viiii uriuaUy produt^d 
bij llio Lflg Colliy**/' (Uyg Coil^gfl, p. LI.) Rcwbad wan odtiutfrl 
thare, uid ot cum^ b/ U» &jnio<l'i taki, wu nibjod kr I'xaiuiDaiJuD, 



J 



Hopewell. 



8? 



tbrcragli Mr. Gofl'el!, iiifonued Rowlfimd that they 
adhered to the Synod's view of Km def<^ctiye 
atarnling, and advieed Lim not to preach at Hope- 
well, now refuiied to allo^r him to minister in 
their jurisdictiou. Thereupon the jieople who 
favored Kowlaml, aeked the Philadelphia Pree- 
byteiy to form them into a separate congregation. 
Thij* waa consented to, provided they would not 
erect a new church without the consentof the other 
part of the congregation to its location * Upon 
this agreement they were net off_ The new con- 
gregation at once aekod to bo difind^ed to the 
more congenial Pi'esbytery of New-Bruuswict, 
The Presbyteiy insisted upon their first complying 
with the condition on which tliey were eet oii" 
Tiie peopie complained of thLs decision to Synod, 

♦ Thedd congrngntion wer* rftprospnted hjEnoahAmiltngB, ThriTun 
SviTOve^ Edward Hart, and Timvihy Baker; tlte " naw ereoTioo" 1>y 
Bmjamin Slercojit Jiiiliii AndeiH}ii, SiiPUieJ flunt, and Joseph Biit. 
"Wci hfld Uio iinvil<^," vrtoU) Rnwland, '* mmiaii-yr nt Hopewtll^'* "of 
Ufeidcohvad mcetiug-bouse, [ITJSi] aniiDrpf^opEa built a muctiFg-boiiM) 
Id Bopev<'l[. Thpro is nnothor Iowm [cownsJitp} lying c^ntiguods w> 
HopevrotJ, vhicbifloaJlM Amwdt. TiipypClitifjncd fijr n pnrL of my rimr;, 
Tit, OM Sabbalb Id three/' Willinni Tonui?nt wrilta i[i Oclober, 1744 ; 
"A<wu( Toyr ws^ks BiQW I ffithpr-'d a rlintE-h, nad j^i'loI>rateil the Lnrd'a 
Sut^r at 0, a^v cttoLed L-un^rei^tiiJii In Lbe tuwua uT UoJd^inlieHd nA 
EapsTBlL" ("UOIIh' Cr>1l«ctioiu,"ii-131, 333,) lliisnus &rn11e tv«E 
aTFmrdzkfloo, and wn^but d tcmpamrj a^ pf^od, both parties reQai ting 
■AenrnrdB la Lliu old djurdi, probably b 11^^. 



8S 



Synods of 1739-41, 



which (1739,) wholly Biistainsd the Presbytery, 
and provided for their (the Presbytery's) fitnng 
the place of the new honse ; but none of the par- 
ties sahmitted to its judsment. 

Matters became atill more complicated as the 
Synod endeavored to compromise the pointj* in 
debate. Gilbert Tennent. with his characteristic 
hai^huesa and uncharitablenees, formally attri- 
buted tlie ol.yectionable rules of tlie Synod, and 
its adherence to tbcni, to doctrinal nnsoundnesa 
and want of piety, Mr. Blair followed in the 
same str^n. Tennent eueourugt^dthefjchismatic 
tendencies of the Synod's opponents by a bold 
Beniion at Nottingham, exciting the disaffected 
to witbtlraw from the ministry of those whom he 
condemned. It was fruitful in alienations and 
divisions- 

The Synod met in 1J41, A violent protest 
against recognizing the Tennent party as mem- 
bers of Synod was read, and thea signed by a 
majority. Scenes of disorder ensned. The Pres- 
bytery of New-Bmnswick^ regarding themeelves 
excluded by this unconetitutionjil meajiure, with- 
drew in a body from the house. The next day 
it divided itself into the Presbyteries of New- 
Brunswick and Londonderry, and took measures 



^J3i 



1742-1745 



89 



for organizing a new Synod, In 1742 the old 
Synod waa ocxupicd with ineffectual plans of re- 
conciliation. In 1743 Mr_ Cowell being mod erflp 
tor, and in 1744, the diacuseion went on, and no 
union taking place, the du^owned memben*, and 
others who sympathized with thoui i^ unjubtly 
dealt with, met aa the Synod of New- York in 
Elizabeth town, September, 1745, In the refer- 
ences to this schUm the Synod of Philadelphia 
is called historically Ui& Old ^uk^ and the other 
Synod, M^ N^ew Hide. The separation conthined 
until 1758,* 

Through these agitations Mr, Gowell stood by 

* Tht; uQljajipj porsaiioJ t'lTbcUi tlitfrfirroU fLill lou^r. Dr. Gr(«u ivbb 
OTdnlned ui Phtlnri4']pliJH in \1&1, nni wj'^ -■ "Th^ ArrcmgAmsnU farxrvf 
ordioatlan tuid tpceti mado niiliuvfcn X^ minglD, ^nd if ponltil*, lo hnr- 
Dtoaixe the rjUm^ KDd Ihe und AiJitf mcmbc-raDf [h« Yt&iiyyiery. For 
■llhcmgli IncQtv-nino jmura hid dnptcd, aiflcc in ll&B Iho rivoJ S>Ttoda 
iad become tiulied, l«o Pri^Hbyterii-i of PUlladelpliia luui MiBltd, com- 
pMEd uvenkU/ cT the litlgunt pnKL^ ; imrj Uia .'^gnd inE'Uitii.-rs of botli 
fudcii tnd teisincd aamtt^iiaff of tba vld biltor rceliiigB tOTrafdA «a^ 
other;' C^Lrfe^'p. 164] 

The oburdi wboro Dr. OnMJn vha ordained and ioEtdlod bod llio Ivaa 
itiTorabJo aasocJalluuG hi Qie piirpode meDLluutd, ua IE waa iLv unn bnlic 
fty tb« ©wrtiona oT'jiibert TenrkPnt, forn people d^BcribL-i bv Dr. FrniilE' 
tip jifl '* DTiguiBlly dbciplea nf Mr, WLitcfleld." In e-d]ii[i^uiuc& ^vjtb tijo 
|thU0K>p]i4?T'i advice, TotuionE "9gk(?il of fT'eri/ body; nnd be obtiimvU a 
muob Lu-gt-r eaoi tUau Le expfCtod, n^l^ nbi^^L LijcrvctEd [>ie cnpncioun 
ukI 0]eeaEiimect|i]B>]iome that guilds JuArcbAraaL" ^Fmolcliu'sAtiLth- 
bwertpbji Spvk^ L isa,) 
6* 



9° 



Covrell's Side. 



the old Synod ; and tliough after Lis experience 

of Mr. Tennent^d qualities as an aotogoniBt, ho 
may not have felt any j](ti'w>na] prepossession for 
the side on which he was leader, his character- 
istic moderation and self-command were doubt- 
leas preserved, At^cording to Presulent Davies, 
perhaps alluding to these times, ** hi mattere of 
debate, and especially of religiooa controversy, 
he Wfl8 rather a moderator and cnmpromiser, 
than a party." There is no reason to believe 
that he wae carried away, ae many were, by their 
admirjition of the xea} of WhitefJeld, to overlook 
llie BWious perils of the excitement of bis viaita. 
Whitefield was, of course, a favoritf^ with th e ** Ne w 
Side." He ivaa one of those men towards whom 
a broad charity is extended by the humble minda 
who honor in another the zeal in which they re- 
gard themselves to l>e defective, and overlook 

:travagancic3 for the sake of the good which 
tope they ivill be tlie lueaas of j^roducing, 
"Whitefield'a history Ftands in need of this cha- 
rity, and we should be bIow in anapecting those 
men of coldness t^u a true work of Divine grace, 
who were conscientiously restrained from giving 
their countenance to his methods of procedure. 

In the first year of hia American travels 




Whiteficld. 



Whitefield preaeheJ at the towna between Phi- 
ladelphia and New- York. His own journal of 
Kovember 12, 1TS9^ eaya: " By eight o'clock we 
reached Treut-town in the Jerseys. It being 
dork, we went out of our way a httle in the 
woods ; but God H«?nt a guide t^i direct us aright. 
We had a comfortable refreshnient when we 
reached our inu, and went to bed in peace and 
joy in the Holy Grhost." He hrft towa early 
the next morning. After preaching in the neigh- 
borhood he was brought back to Trenton in the 
smme month, by the prospect of a great guthermg 
of people to view an execution. "November 31, 
1739. Being strongly desii'ed by iimny, and 
hearing that a condemned malefactor was to sul- 
fer that week, I went in company with about 
thirty more tc» Trent-town, and reached thitber 
by fiv<! in the evenini?. Here God waa pleased 
to humble my aonl, and bring my sins to remem- 
brance, Bo that I could hardly hold up my head. 
Howover, knowing that God called, I went out, 
trusting in Divine strength, and preached in the 
conrt-hoiiae ; and though I was quite barren aud 
dry in the beginning of tbe discourae, yet God 
enabled me to speak with great aweetneas, free- 
dom, and power before I had done. The un- 



92 



Wbitcfield, 



hapjiy cnmiaal seemed harJeued, Lut I Lope 
Bome good was done in the place " 

WLitetielil, It apj^ears from this, preacbedj ac- 
cording to English custom, in the presence of the 
condemned maii * ]\Ir, Cowell improved the same 
occiision ]ty a sermon in his own chui^cL^ on the 
repentanceof the dying thief, which looks as if he 
did not offer his pulpit to the eloquent itinerant, 
A letter of jLtiinthaJi Arnold, who appeal's to 
have been an Episcopal minister, perhaps a mia- 
sionaiy, in Connecticut, dated, " Eust Chester, 
November 27, 1T39/* and addressed to Wm, 
Smith, Esqn, of New-York, refers to an incident 
of thflt vi?iit, "When MnMlnt^fidd caniewith 
me from Trenton, we agreed to search and exa- 
mine each other. lie had the preference, I 
past his examination till we came to Bfunswick, 
after which I was to have the same liberty with 
him. He escaped by turning aside to preach for 
the fnmous Mr, Tennent," 

In November, 1740, Whitefield was here again, 
as his journal speaks of having had at Trenton 
"a long conference with gome ministers about 
Mr. Gilbert Tennent's complying with an iuvita- 

• ThflLTUloiD in Sew*rkMliil«fiBn01. WliUhcad'f PerOi Amb^, 



i 



Cowcli in Synod. 



93 



tion to go and preacli in New-Englantl." It is 
probaWe tlint he visiteJ Treutou Juring Lis otLer 
tours in Amepica, from 1V44 to 1770. On the 
30th July, 1754, one of his letters sa.ys: "To- 
moiTow I pi'ejich at Newark; on WetJnesiIay, at 
two in the afternoon, at I^^cw-Brmiswick, and 
hope to reach Treritrt^wn that night. Could yon 
not meet me there quietly, that we might spend 
one eveaing together^" He was advertised in 
the PI ]il ad el phi a papers to pre^icli at Trentoti on 
the 13th and 11th September, 17''4- 

Mr. Cowell waa an active member of Synod- 
In 1738 he was od a coramittee to meet at Han- 
over, to adjaat a difficulty between two panshes, 
At the aame session he was placed on a commit- 
tee of seven to examine candidatea for the mi- 
nistry. This committee had cliargc of the stu- 
Heuts in the Presbjteriea to the north of Phila* 
delphia, and a corresponding one had charge of 
thoae to the south. In 1743 he was Moderator, 
and elected on the Synod^t* commiasion for the 
year. For before the present constitution of our 
Church waa adopted, the Synod followed the 
usage of the General Assembly of Scotland, in 
annually appointing a convenient number of its 
members to sit as a commisaion in the interval 



I 




94 



Commifliors. 



of its stated con venings, atd perform any SycodAl 
business that required immediate dispatehp* The 
Moderator of 1T43 was also added to a commit- 
tee to answer a commnnicatioa from Governor 
Thomas, of Pennsylvania, in regard to a pam- 
phlet by the Rev. Alexander Craighead, which 
tho govemmetit considered aeditioua, and which 
the Synod di^iayowed^ both aa to its aentiment?, 
find as haviDg aoy jarisdictioo over its author.'l' 
In 17411 the Synod of New-York sent a dele- 
gation to the Synod of Philadelpbiiii with a pro- 
posal that each Synod should appoint a commis- 
won to meet and deliherate upon a plan of 
reiinion. Tliia niovernent towards recODciliation 
was acceded to by the eiater Synod, and on the 
25th May they appointed a commisaion of nine 
members, of whom Mr, Cowell was one. The 
united meotinc; wna appointed to he held in Tren- 
ton on the first Wednesday of the ensuing Octo- 
ber. The meeting took place accordingly oii the 

* TliQaMiiOnsortlieC'imTpls^lOQnfipe&riDhiiT^ bCAo openefl Oflfbrm- 
■llyftBthoM oftboSfTioJ. 1 hftTo bcfjm rac. iuopflinphlet, *' A Sfinooft 
proKhed l>vfbn- iLe C^ntmiK^on onbeSynoJat PJiiliLcliJjibiiL April SOlh^ 
1735, Bj^E, rpmbGriDo, iWiar offho Presbjipfifln CKntcb Ui the City of 
Keir-YDrk/' Tbc iJudknLioa '' id lh« RcTcrc ad Cofamififiiori uf Ukp S jji^d," 
r«fen to Lis tDVih^ boiMi " prEaaLi?d ia cbudioTifie Id joia oammBDClA." 

f Tha uddrofla to ibe Govomor, ^gncd b; Covrcl], and Lbe Goronior^d 
reply, ftro In the Fa,7is)/ivania Gaatlt or June 9, 1743, 



Conlerences. 



95 



4tb atid 5tli of October, and Mr. Cowell wasobo- 

860 to preside. The negotiatioDs iuitmted at 

thia meetiBg were prolon^'ed in various sliapea 

imill May 20, ITTj^^ wlien a com mission of con* 

ferenc(j was Agaia appointed l>y the Synod of 

Philadelphia and Mn Cowell was one of ita seven 

meml)ei«. Tbeymet inPltihtdelpliiaou tliesaDie 

afteriioon. He was also on a committee of five 

in 1756 to acswer a minute tlica received from 

the otber Synod ; and on anotlitir committee to 

ohtaiD a charter for the Widows' Fond from tlie 

Heswra. Penn, tbe Pennsylvania Proprietors, and 

also on the Synod*?* Commission and Fund,* In 

May, 1757, anotlier .joint tonftrence was held at 

Trenton, of which Mn Cowell woa a. member, 

Hg waa on the Commission of the Synod^ and 

Committee for the Fnnd for 175>, in which year 

the two Synods were at length combined under 

the title of the Synod of Nnw-York and PbUu- 

delphia. 

At tbe first meeting of tbe new Rynf«i (May 
SO, 1758) Mn Cowell and Mr. Gnild, (of Penning- 
ton,) were transferred from the Presbytery of 
Philadelpliiii to tbat of Neiv-Brmiswickj and from 



• The Byuod'* " ii'iicd " waa lot auch " piovmufi&j" a* worfldeali;» 
naled from lime to time. 




96 



760. 



that time tTie reapectire cLnrctes have rptained 
the connection. The last mention of Mr. Coweira 
name on the Synod^s records ia under the date 
of May 22, 1760, wheu^ although not present, he 
was placed on a committee to dispose of the fund 
for the rtillef of poor and pioua youth in the Col* 
lege of New-Jersey. 

Nctxm — lb rtmj have boon expected that aqidq notice nfaould bo found 
In tt^iA cliHpLer, of the celebnled cabs vlilch viu befbre lh« fiupiemfi 
CooTl flt Trenton, in (74^, in whioli tUo Re*, William TounQUt waj 
arral^ed for p^rjurjr, en neccuDt of (lie evjiluuoe be b^ gjveu tu prove 
tbftl Llio KsT. Jotin Uowlimd vaa for rtooa Unat^rdon coimLj vbcD Bell, 
BflBumiDK hia amia^, bMe k hoi^fr But I trust that aa alitheuUc aceouDl 
of that whnla HQuEr vili iood be fiimiHlied hj a mnre avnpeteut hand, 
ud I believe iliat Jt will bii made Ui appear ibot tliere ia no roundetioii 
Ibr Ibe Btory of Xba rupemitural oiinelLFit oT nilDtiBfleii fh>iii Maijlaud 10 
Trenlon. A paper to Lhig effecL, hy lir. Hithard 9, Fiald, haa sJreBdy 
Appear^ b Ibe Frtceedin^i ifftht I^ew-Jcreqf Bataricai Sodctf/. (Vul. 
TLp-31-J 



I 



(Ihapfn c^iffh. 



Trertow m 1748 — Episcopal Cuurcubs — ^Tren- 
TOH Names and Places — 1722-lTOS, 

• 174G— 1760, 

On the eistli of September, 1746, at tlie in- 
stanceof Governor Morris, Trenton was, by royal 
charter, constituted a borough-town, Thomas 
Cadwalader waa the firat Chief-Burgeaa ; Na- 
thaniel Ward, Recoi^der, with twelve Burgesses, 
Bnt in April, 1750, the inhabitants having found 
that the disadvantages of iucoi'poratioii prepon* 
derated, surrendered the charter through the 
bands of Governor Belcher* 

For the sake of the impression it may convey 
of what the town was at this period, I will here 
make an extract from the journal of a traveller 
who saw it in the year 1748. This writer was 
Peter Kalm, Professor of Economy in the Uni- 
versity of Abo, in Swedish Finland ; who visited 

* The Charter lb m book AAA of CommisBiona, p. 2GG : tliD flurr«TLd«T 
OD PL 30G, 



98 



Profcflbr Kalm- 



North America, aa a naturalist, linger the auspi- 
ces of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences- 
It was in honor of his botanical reseaixihes that 
Linnieua gave the name of Kahnia to our LimrcL 
Under the dat^ of October 2S, 1748, Kalm 
enters his ohservatioiis as follows : 

'^Trenton \% a long, D&rrow tomi« eitmte at i^me dls- 
tanco from tLo rivi?r Dolawnre, on a sandy jilaiu. It 
bclongH to Now-Jerspy,and ihey rockoa it thirty milOH from 
Phihdolpbia. Il lias two small cJmrches, oae for the people 
belonging to Lhc Church of Enghkiid, llic other for iLe 
Presbytor'ianfl. The Louses are partly huiJt of Btooe, 
though tnoBt of them are inado of wood or plnnka, com- 
monly two etorios liigb, together with a cdlar below 
th€ buildrngf and a kilchen under groniid^ closo to the 
cellur. Tbt: housea etand atamoderato cll^nuice Irom one 
another. They arc commonly built so that the atrect 
passes along one aide of the honsesj whUo pardons of diP 
forent dimenflions bonud the other side. In eneh gurdon 
18 A draw-well.* TTio place is reckoned vtii-y lieftllby. 
Otir laniliord told na that twenty-two yeiirs ago^ wben he 
(ireit Hcttiod licrc, there wa» hardly more than one house ; 
but from that time Trenton hae incroaaed so muoh that 
thore arp at present near a hundred hotises. ITio hoiif^a 
wcre^ witbuJ, diTidcd into aereral rooma by the partitions 



■ AaODS the deMte or tbe Trensan^'d book^ jn ununt niih tho 
Troutou pwoTuige, ftrerrcquGiitty to bfl frjimd kk^Ij itemd »^ "laLcxipa 
for tho vell-tucket," '"[Lr doftolng tbo woU," *'to*popa for UioirolL'' 



Kalm. 99 



of bo&rdfl. The inhabitatitB of tha place carried on a 
Rmall trade with the goods which they got from Pliiladel- 
phia, but their chief gain constats in llie arriral of tho 
nnmeroaatrftvollerfl between that city and N'ew-York ; for 
they are commonly brought by the Trenton yachts from 
PhUadelpbia to Trentouj or from thence to Philadelphia, 
But from Trenton further to New^-B runs wick, the travol- 
lera go in the wagons which si?t out every day for that 
place. Several of the inhabitants, however, likewigo sub- 
HSt on the carnage for all aorta of goods which arc every 
day aent in great quantities either from Philadelphia to 
New-York, or from thence to the former place; for be- 
tween Philadelphia and Trenton all goods go by water, 
bnt between Trenton and New-Brunswick they are all 
carried by land, and both these conveniences belong to 
people of this town. 

" For the yachts which go between this place and the 
capital of Pennsylvania, (Philadelphia,) lliey usually pay a 
ftblUing and siipenceof Pennsylvania cuirency per person, 
and every one pays besides for his baggage, Kvcry pass- 
enger must provide meat and driok for himself, or pay 
some settled faro. Between Tj'enton and New-Bruns- 
wick a person pays 2s. Od., and the baggage is likewise 
pwd for separately. 

"On the road from Trenton to New-Brunswick I never 
saw any place in America, the towns excepted, so well 
peopled. An old man, who Uved in the neighborhood, 
and accompanied us for some part of the road, however, 
assured me that he could well remember the time when 
between Trenton and New-Brunswick there were not 



100 Bumaby. 



ftbove three &Tms, and he reckoned it was fiity and some 
odd years ago."* 

When it ie smA that the landlord told Kalm 
that in 1720 there was hardly one house in 
Trenton, either the Swede did not understand 
the Jerseyman, or the host spoke at random ; for 
if as early as 1719 the courts sat in Trenton, it is 
not probable that such a selection would be 
made, seven years before there was " hardly a 
house." 

The sLitistical gneaaes or reports of travellers 
are not to be relied on, especially if the report- 
ers do not speak the language of the country. 
The Rev, Andrew Bumaby, an English clergy- 
man, descrilies Trenton, in 17r>9, as " containing 
about a hundred houses. It haa nothing remark- 
able: there is aChurch, (of England,) a Quaker's 
and Presbyterian meeting-house, and barracks 
for thi-ce hundred men "f These barracks, which 

* In a ItlUT or 17:10-1, quotiKl In Whilehedda History of Perth 
Amboy, ([1. is:;,) tlic wriLcrreinorkBthat in 1TL5 " there w«ro but fbur 
or Ave lidUAtfl in tlie thirty mllcB bctit^wn Jni;m'B Pcrrj fX^w-Brunt- 
^rii-k,) nM<) the yiillfi of I'okwiiro ; but now llic wliolo wjty il is almost * 
CciLtimii-il f-Aiii! I'i ftatvs and t;ixA EirmerB' liuuacs, and Uii- wLole coun- 
try n iliT-ro Kpnl'sl or svUliinr wry lliick." 

f TrarL'^H Through tUo MiddJo SocUcmcnis iu North America, etc^ la 
ni^OaTid LTG4. 



Sincbir. loi 



are now in part occupied by the " Home for 
Widows^" were erected in 1758, Bimnltaneoiislf 
with those at New-Brunswick and Elizabeth- 
town, Elkanah Wateon, who was here in 1777, 
Baya : " Trenton containa about seventy dwellings, 
Bituate principally on two narrow streets running 
parallel"* In the travels of tbe Dake de la 
RochefoTicault Liancourt, in 1795-^7, Trenton ia 
flaid to "contain abont three hundred hooses; 
most of which are of wood. Those of the high- 
street are somewhat better in strncture than the 
rest, yet still but very moderate in their appear- 
ance"! ^^ tlie same year an English visitor 
saya; "Trenton cont^ns about two hundred 
houses, together with four churches. The streets 
are commodious, and the houses neatly built "J 
Melish, in 1806-73 i^i^kes it " a handsome little 
town, containing about two hundred houses,"§ 
The Rev. Mn Bumaby "went to Sir John Sin- 
clair's, at the F^s of Delaware^ about a mile 
above Trenton, a pleasant rural retirement." 
Sir John Sinclair's knighthood was of the order 

* ICemoIrs, p. 20, 

f Travelfl; Tmnalated bj Kflwinim, LoDdon, IT9D, L £94. 
X TravalB tlirougb the Stales of Korth Ajncrico, etc, in 119&-7, B/ 
iBMcWeld, Jr. LorxdoQ, 1^99. 
g TraTele. i. lis. 



102 



Sinclair. 



known in English heraldry aa n. Baronetcy of 
Nova Scotia. He was the first occupant of the 
mansion that afterwards belonged to " Lord*' 
Stirling, and then to Mr> Untherford, a sliort 
distance west of the SUite House, and on the 
river. The three families were connected. The 
house was srfbaequently tenanted by Robert 
Lettis Hooptr^ and the walls of '* the Green- 
Honse," remained to give name to the site long 
after the dwelling itaelf had been demolished. 
A correspondent of the Trentoa *' Federalist," 
of Blarch 30, 18<r2, states that the fii-at ice-honae 
in the State, "in our recoUectioti, was erect- 
ed by Sir John St, Clair, [so written,] about the 
year 1760.'^* 

• Tboro wm a Sir Johii St Clair in Eraddoolc'a army, vho arriTpd ia 
JHDIIV7, L75A; VDS Lii>nlfU)int Cciloni?] cf the T2^ Rps^aiimt, and 
Depoij QTL£,irtct-Uo9tor CIducioL fbr all Uifi lorcee in AiriGriL>4. la \1t2 
lie W nuuli^ a Tull CobnrL On Ihe IihI of Itio wonQiltid at tbo delbnc 
(Jolr 9j U&fi) bn it put duwn ofl " Sir Jolm Sincla-ir, BaroDcl, Dep Q. 
M, Gen." (Wintlirop Bargeni'a riialoij oT Braddock'tf Eip*dlliDO : 
FaiiDM^lvn^in Historicnl ^wielj^, pji. 1^6, 14^ ?85.) Tha dpnlli oT 
" Udjj- CoL St Jphu St. Clatr, Bnr't,'' ia imnouBwd id tte newflpipoii 
of Uia day, Ha Irnrkj^ Uilicii place at EliuLbctbtcwu, Dccdubur, 17G7. 
Tli«rD woB ft ''Capuia lCnlf)eT!fird" w^th SI. TLur in tin ICxpeditiw. 
yrom Krtiic nArencM and corrcapondcnco, il would ftppoartbat Sir Johii 
vv » ^tuUnt EMCc^r Sofi " Letters and Papers rclAiitig to ftiA Ptiv 
Tbtriol History of PcTtnajlTB&ui.'' prniopolly irani papcre oftbDEJaippeo 
ftmUy, piiVEtU-'lr prmUxI Pliiliidblpbb ■ pp. 3&-6. 61^ Ifil. Tn qqa 
Ipiew Bt Joliu Hpwii* of " IlsUflj'— 1 iDMB, ladf St CUir." 




Epifcopal Church. 



103 



I would here enlarge the notices already given 
iDcidentcdly of the foundation of the Episcopal 
Charch in Trecton and its vicinity- I have 
mentioned the building erected on tlie groncd 
conveyed by Hntchiuson in 17u3,^nd itsoccnpa- 
tion at mtervals, if Dot jointly, by the Pi'e^^byte- 
nans. In Hnmphreys' ^^ Historical Account of 
the Goapel Propagation Society," we have the 
following statement : 

*' Hopewell and MalJenlieail nre two neJgTihouring 
tovnc, conloiLiiDg a consirlcraUc number of famihc^, The 
people of Hopewell showed n very early desire of bxiviug 
the Charch of England worship settled among tbom ; and 
m llie year 1T04 b^iiit o cliurch vvhli vohmlary coDtrihu- 
liojis, tbough they had no prospect tlieu of Jmving n min- 
liter, Tlio Hqv. Mr, ilaj wns itorc *!0IDC short time> bnt 
Htp Talbot, from BurllDglon, oftfen vidltod them, Tbia 
cbarch was for ten yoiLrs vacant. In 1730 the Rov. Bfr. 
Hapriaon wiw appointed laij^t'iotiary there, with tlie care of 
Maji]cnLeAd, but soon wrote tbc Society word tliat he wb^ 
iVQt able to undergo tbe fatigue of constantly riding 
tctwccD two places, and in 17^!j he removed to a church 
In Stflten IfilaniV 

In the Society's "Account" for 1 TOG, it ia said : 
*' Many other pulilic letters were ci^ntioHallyseat 
over^ by which it appeared that the inhabitanta 
of Hopewell and Maidenhead were building a 



i(H 



Epilcopal Church. 



charchj and desired a mialater and some aabsL^fr- 
ence for liim-'* la 1709 Mr. Talbot writes from 
BoiiingtOQ : ^* Poor Hopewell Lag built a church 
and liave had no minister yet"* lu a manuscript, 
headed, " State of the Chnrch of England in 
Ameiica in l70a," probably a copy of some 
English document^ it is said that a raiiiiater is 
wanted '*at Hopewell, between Crosawicica and 
Maidenhead, where they are bailding" a church ; 
and one *^at the Falls, thirty miles above Phila* 
delphio, wbere a church h building." In coUat- 
ing these notices, Hopewell and the Falls would 
seem to indicate diflerent localities; and if the 
former be the name of the "Old Chinch" of our 
map, in Chapter Second, the latter may denote 
some otber plaei? — perhaps in Pennaylvama — to 
which the general neighboi'Lood title of the 
Falls may have been applied.f 



* In Lha ant edLLiDu (170B) of OldniExaii'B Dritiali Empire in America, 
ll la siuil xhctQ BXQ *' bui Lwo CUoroIi of EaeloaLl uibidtora iii Loth tho 
Frovinces*' vC Eaal HUd Wuflt Naw-Jeisey. 

The (uofit couiiir^lien&ye Mce/aot oftbo dervnoujutiDTiB eufting in th* 
middle or \ha ^.^aiuiy. wliirh I Lave wcu, la in " A dJgreBeion con-.'cnj- 
iag Via voriouii BcctELiii'^L in rQligSnn, tu tha BrLtUh aQLUPTueaiE ui S«rih 
Auieru?!!,^ oonloinur] ta Dr. DDUglou' "Sinumuy, HiElorickl acil PoU- 
licuL" flmUju, ITfi3. Tul.iL. pp. 113-107. 

t luBionpiollumphrpFjR'HtBtoripflJAcoonntofUie Goflpel Prciflign- 
galion Society. VSt*. IHxid 1^ fblknriDg topngnptj - 



Houdin, 105 



In 1749 a lotteiy " for finisliing tlie church at 
TrcDton " was drawn in Pennsylvania, Of the 
Trenton Episcopal church, however, we find 
nothing definite until Jnne, 17-50, when the Rev. 
Hichael Hondin is reported in the Society's 
Accounts as "invited by the inhabit-antg of 
Trenton and other places in New-Jereey, to go 
and ofBciate- among them" Upon this he ad- 
dressed a letter to the Society, dated Trenton, 
November 1, 1750, which begins: "Having 
my residence at New-York, I beard of repeats 
ed complaints made by gentlemen and principal 
inhabitants of this place, Allen's Town and Bor- 
den^s Town, it being for many years past desti- 
tute of a Church of England minister; and with- 
out any sort of application of mine, about five 
months ago, some of them were pleased to press 
me by letter to come amongst them, » , , 
When I waited on them I really found they 
were destitute indeed, there not being a minister 
of the Church of England nearer than Burling- 
ton." The Abstracts of the Society for 1753, 

° UnidentiKMl, 
* Burlington. 
IfUiiavosthe undoiBtandiDg in l70u, tho Hope^rell of ibe nuuiuacript 
could not be BO aeu Trenton aa ChD "Old ClLiircli " 



io6 Houdin. 



say: "The Rev- Mr, HoudiQ, having for some 
years officiated at Trenton and the neighboring 
places in the Province of New-Jersey, among the 
memhera of the Chnrch of England, upon snch 
slender support as th^y in their poor circumstan- 
ces could afford him," the Society appointed 
him their " itinerant missionary to of&ciate in 
Trenton and the parts adjacent." 

IMichael Houdin, whose name has heen usually 
given nearer to its pronnnciation, as Udang or 
Eudang, in which latter form it actually appears 
in the first minutes of the Vestry of 9t. Michael's 
Church, (April 30, 1755,) — bom in France in 
1705 — was originally a priest in the Church of 
Rome and Superior of a Franciscan Convent in 
Montreal. He renounced that faith and entered 
the Ejiiscopal Church in New-York in 1747, and 
thence came to Trenton as the Society's " itiner- 
ant missionary in New-Jersey," on a salaiy of 
fifty pounds. In 1759 Houdin accompanied 
General Wolfe to Quebec, as his guide ; and in 
October " intreats the Society that his absence 
from his mission may not bring him under dis- 
pleasure, as he was in some measure forced to it, 
in obedience to the commands of Lord Loudon, 



Houdin. 



107 



jiud the succeeding commandera, wlio clependod 
mncli ftn liia l)dng well acquainted with that 
country,*' After the reduction of Queljec, Hoo- 
din aaked leave to return to hia missionary post, 
tut General Murray rctaineil him in the aimy. 
Ho complmned that he had lost much by the 
death of Wolft>, '* who prociised to remember 
his labor and services" FroTn Canada lie ap- 
pears to have been sent aa missionary to New- 
Kochelle, AVestchcater county, New-York, where 
were many Fi'RDch refugees. He died there in 
October, irCG.*^ The Rev, Mr. Treadwell wasthe 
sncceBsor to Houdin. In May, 1769, the Rev, Wil- 
liam Thoinson produced to the Veatry the Soci- 
ety's letter appointing him to the mic^irm of 
^'Trenton and Maidenhead/' to which the War- 
dens gave their approbation.! 



• Audewou'tf HlBlory oT lie C(jlt»uial <']jiircli ot EnglaniL Loailon, 
H&a. ToL L^ BaJIonii Hlelory of the Episcopnl Chutcb id W^stclicstcr 
OtrmLlj- New-Tark, 19S5, p, 45^-*'!!, O'CftUnglma's Dwumt-fllfiry 
Blitctf7 of NflW'Tork. Vol. iii, 9^5, 

4 In nss '^tbo InhibbiUaM of Amvoll Dnd ITopancU" B|]plied tdlbo 
Gocbty (ttr n MiaaJonary, lu I'i^S, &>]. Duiid Gun mad<- Ih viU, 
diftTlaog oaaliandrod acres in Uaideaberid, "Icaown db lb? toM-a-lglt 
for the USD of ad EjjiKOfjal Chureli erccteit, o[ Ui be Ijcreiiftvr i?rcclei], In 
lltiB Imfhfthlp of Miiijlcnhwui" Tlie mliTiitifi of Hu liici\teV» Tuairy, oJ 
ins, mtoMaa " Hit globa of Utidorilwd;* 




io8 



Names and 



The nearest newspaper offices acce^ible to 
TrentpOU fur liiilf a century after ita foundatioD^ 
were those of Philadelphia, Through all that 
period the want of a local press and the ohatacles 
to correspondence, kept t}ie affaira of the town 
in their native obscmity. Such notices and ad- 
vertiseruenta, hovrever, as are found in the Phi- 
ladelpliia jouraals, afford some idea of the popu- 
lation and business of Trenton, and give some 
names of ita early inhabitants, not otherwise to 
be found- From a cursory iusjHiction of a aenes 
of Bradford^a M'eeMj/ M^reury^ and Keinicr's and 
Frankliji's Penih^iflvaRia Gdz^le* I have made 
the following miscellaueous notes. A number of 
the names are among the eignaturefl of Mr. 
Coirell's call in 1736- 

Novembcr, 1722 — Wiliiara Yar(],ot'TrentOD, ftdvortiscs 
th& escape of fi ne^o eervant. 

August, 1 723.^Jost|ili Peiwit* offers for sale two dwell- 
mg houses belouging to Peter Pummer, near Trent's Mill. 
luquiry lo be miJc of Mr, Poacc, ot his rcsidoticu in Trent- 
Town, 

Spptpmbor, 1723, — A line of trnnRportntion for goods 
aiwl pMStDgera is udvertised as riuiuiJig between Trenton 

• Tu tJifl rjiilndelpbiii Libm^ iflA iorics of tlia Merairy ftom 17 la tg 
Uifi. and oTthe Cn^fyw rhan l7iS 10 1774. The Utter iijipeftr6<J tti flrtf 
uaior tbe BEtnurduutrj LJtla ot Th< Uniwriai Jn/rtruelor in aS ArU dnd 
BcwiCa, aid J'titntyivania OiiatOs. 





Places, 



log 



and PhiJadelphin, once a week eaeh way, Tho Bgent in 
Trenton was John WGollaofl. The uSce in tke cii/ wa« 
At Ihc celebrated " Crooked Billet;' 

Uorcb, 1738. — A largo stone houflc, with a good Bnuth< 
6ho[», to be Bold ot readue at the hooso of Willkm lIo£ 

December, 1739. — Jotm Severn's stable snd fleven borsc^ 
burnt, 

Ootober, 1T31, — For aale a plantation, arljoining tbe 
town of Trenton, 130 ocrce ; also one throe miles above 
Trenton^ ncir tho ferry above tho falls, one mile from 
Y»rdloy'fl old mill, and three from his new one, 50O aoreSn 
" Tnqnire of Cupt. James Goul J, at T^e^tOD, anti ba further 
mformetl/* 

December, K31. — A boltrng-houeo nnd atore, belonging 
to Benjnmin Smith, took tiro, ^* but was eeoeon ably pro - 
vented," 

June^ 1735. — Enoch Anrlcrson^ ** at tho Fjilla' forry." 

July, 1732. — Enoch Anderson, Junior, sub. flher'ifl', 

August, 1732, — Tho houec of EbcncKer I'rout, "near 
this j)l.ice," was struck by lightning, William Pearson 
was hurl, a boy killetl, 

September, 1732, — Elisicom [kim] AnderBon, "now liv- 
ing at Trcutoti ferry." 

Febroary, 1732-3, — A freah carried away tho dam of 
the iron works, alao the dam of tho griflt-millj bridge and 
dycing'bouGO. 

Soptcmber Ifl, 1734. — Notice is ^en of the CBtabliah- 
mtnt of a post oflico at Trenton, " whure all persons may 
hav€ their letters, if directed for that county ; alao where 
they may put in their letters ilireolod to any purtH, and 
dne care t«dU be tnken to send tJiem,** Tbe posCma^tor 
B 



no Pofl-Officc. 



■was Andrew Reed, and the offioe waa at the house of Jo- 
seph Uecd. 

The first advertisement of uncalled-for letters, 
which I have seen, ie under the date March 25, 
175>'i> &nd is as follows : 

'^ A lUt of letters now in the post office at Trenton. 
C 

Willinm Caroegie, near Xtngiton, 
John Clark, (Attorney,) Trcnioft. 

U 
John Ilyde, IlojKteflL 

M 
Joseph Morton, Princctoicn. 

P 
RicbHrd Patterson, Princetoicn. 

S 
John StevctiA, Rocky liilL 

V 
Arcs Van <lerbelt^ Maidenfifad. 
'*IjOttera not tuken up nithtn three months from this 
dale Mill be sent to the General I'oat Office at Fhilfl' 
dt-lphia." 

Se;)t ember, 1 734. — I^^aac TTnrrow, an Enfrlish smith, has 
lately set up at Treiilon n jflaling iind Llade-niill, where 
lie makes axen, carjietitem* nuA coopers* tools, tanners' and 
ftkmiieni* knives^ spades, shovel^ shcarA, Hcvlhe^ mill and 
hancl-siiws, fiying-pans, etc., "likewise all worts of iroD 
plates, fit tiir bi-ll inakiog or any other nsc." 

May, 1T3G. — jVppiieatioii for a stone house and a lot of 
three quarters of on acre, to be made to Corneltiu Riugo 



Advercifcments, 



111 



in Treotom II '■'lies in & very corivcm«ii part of Oie 
town for nnj^ munnE-r of busiueas being neaj llie mill." 

February, 1737. — There will be n alage-wagon from 
Treuton fo BtubswicIc twice a week aiiil Lack; will set 
out from Willmni Atlcc^3 iuid Tbonifls Uootoii'9,iiiTrcnLOiJ, 

October, 1737, — Servants absconded from Benjamin 
Smith and Kichnrd Xoland, 

Xov ember, 1737. — A Scotch servanl-man abaeotiiled 
fi-om Mr. WivrrcU. 

Jaimory, 1738. — Servant absconded from Joseph Deeow, 

Awj^UBt, ] 7S0. — To be [et, the glial -mllU at Trenton, vdXh 
two teuom^GoU adjoining, now In tlie tenure of Josi^pb 
Peace- 

December, 1 739. — Andrew Reed reoeiTefl aubacnptiona 
in TrcntoQ for ^^'hiteliold'fl Sermons and Joum.ils to be 
published bj' Franklin, 

Marcb, 1740. — TVilliani Alloc propoaea to contmne to 
kee[i !i storo with Jnbn Dagworthy, Junior, until his part" 
nerslup wilU Tijomaa HiHjloi] Is seltlt'd. 

Maj, 1744. — To be acid, by Benjamin Smitb, a ccmei 
tot ; also a atone hk>a3e, fronting King atrect } sundry lota 
on Qrieon street. 

Sejitember, 1 745. — To be sold, " ibe iron phling work*, 
BTnili^^j^ i(bop> and all t1ie tools nnd monlds for making fry- 
ing-pan3» dripping-pan a, etc, eoid works being now fit for 
oaa;'* also a good dweJing-Loiise — all of the eslflto *>f 
Iftaiic Harrow, docoased. Apply to Antbony Morri«j Pbi- 
ladelpldo, or William Morris, Trenton. 

JftDuary^ 17+5, — For sate, dAelTing, malt-bouse, bruw- 
hoQue, And all nteoatls, and quarter of acreof land in King 





112 



Names and 



street, eaUtc ofWilliam Alice. Enquire of Jamee AUee, 

Trenton, or Thomas Hootoo, Trunton ferry. 

March, l"4fl, — SiukIij lots otierod by William Morria 
and Willifmi Morria, Junior, on botli »doB of Hanorer 
Btreet 45 fe^t front imd 147 feet rlet^p. 

October, 1740. — A fair for three dnys will be held in 
tbo borough-town of Trenton for cattle of all kind^ goods, 
wares, and merchandise. 

174a. — Williiim Morris, Junior, at hifl store oppoaiie to 
John Jenkins's^ adveniaea niiu by tlie hogshead, and sail 
by the hnndrod bushels. 

Jane, 17+3. — Enoch Anderson offers for aale a house 
"fronting Uie etrcet that lenJa directly to Now- Yort," 
idflo 'HwQ lotH opposite the Presbyterian meeling-hoose, 
on one of which is a very good stable.** 

April, 1750. — House of Williiim DouglaAs »t Trenton 
land lag. 

1 T50.^For RftJo hv Benjamin Biles, & '* weU-flcenfitcmed 
tatiyard, with vata eaoagb for 900 hides, and direlling ad- 
joining the tonyard, on the west side of King street, near 
the middle of the towii." 

May, 1 750.— Tliomaa Cadwalader offora 900 ftores of 
woodland, a mile and a hftif cotthof the to^m,watGrod by 
fine Btreruna, " one of which the Trenloa mills etand on.*' 
Also a pl&Dtation of 700 aer^^a, on the Delaware, whero 
Williaoi Donglaas now lives, north of Trenton nhout two 
milCfl, adjoining the plantation where Mn Tuite lately 
lived I oleo a large comer brick honse in Qucca street, in 
a very pwblin part of the town ; also 26 acres of piutore 
fand in the tippar end of Qaeen atretit. 

June, 1760. — For salci plantation, 447 acrea, late in poft- 




Places, 113 



peaaion of AJcxondcr LcckLart, E^q , bctvecn lliree oiid 
tour railed from Tronlcn. vn S^-ors road, anJ adjoiDUig tli6 
oh\ UQcliajr-houso lot, and tbc plintnUon of Chiles Clork, 
Esq. ^Bpqnire of John Cot, Trenion- 
A|]ri^ 1751. — Jolm EvnHH, cooper. 
Jtnoary, 1752, James Rutherfovd's house robled. 
Apii], 1752, — Elijah Boq<1"'3 stahle and 14 hyrsca, an J 
SOEOe adjoining Lou^os burnt. 

Sepleniber, 1T63, — For s&le, Nilbajiiel &toore*s milla 
and jilajitaiioD, uix lolies abi>ve Truhioiif 400 acie^ \ Jipply 
to WilUam Clayion, or WilUmu Pidgeoii, Trenion. 
] 7S4, — SeTsraJ raeu for sale by " Reed and Funuau,*' 
Mftj, 1754. — Tickcla io til© Lottery in CQnQooticiU for 
the booefit of College of New-Jorsej, for eoIc by Rev, Mr. 
Cowell, and Roed & Fiirmau. 

July, 1 754. — Edward BroaiJfteld Ljia removBdrfrom Bor- 
dento^ii to Trecton, 

nse,— Tho Pbtifidclphia aad Ne^v-Tork line. John 
Buller^s Etnge filarts on Tuo&dny from PhUudelphio, to 
Jioaae of Nnthinid Parker at Trenton Ferry, ihenoe over 
thT* ferry to lioustr tepL by Geoi'gt- Miist'btlJ, where Frjmois 
IIoJiuaD will meet Jobo Buller, and exchaogc passengera, 
ftod proceed OD Wednesday^ through I'rinceton and Ncvr- 
Bnmsinck, to Pertb Amboy, where will he a buat to pro- 
coed to New- York on Thur*^day morning. 

1757, — SubBcriplions for the JVtfvi Ai/ii:rk-fin Maffoziw, 
about to be jiubEbhetl in riiiladclphia. may be lefl with 
Mooi'e Fiirman, Poattuftater of Trenioo- 

April 1759- — AudrewKced, of Treulou, ftiTCttiaca traot 

of flOO actefl at Amwell, and in Trcntou two good ttoco 

hoiues, with garden, well, ptc, one of which now lets far 

B* 




114 



Names and 



b 



£s lOfl. p€r nnnum, and 1I19 otbor, hivLng a cooper^A dtop 
on the lot, Tor £12 ; nlso thr«e lota on the weet side ol 
Kiug street, 45 bj 140. 

April, 1750, — Williiua Daaglaaa, HJgn of tho^^cnt- 
ihwJ^ or ot tho bouse of Jobn Ciimzniiigt, is authored to 
enlist a regiment of one thousand men for the KiDg'a 
Berviee. 

July^ 1753- — For sale hy eiecntors, the seat of Joaepli 
Wairel], Eaq-^ late deceased, wcU known bj'namoof BeU- 
Tillc, on tho Dclnvflre, Ihree Ibiirlhe of a mile from Tren- 
ton, wttli gardens, orchards, ete. Also a plonution of 
30l> acren, niUiin one founb. of a mile of tlic abovt, on the 
Delaware, with a patent for a ferry. 

May, 1T60. — Robert Lcttis Hooper baa laid ont lota CO 
by 191, for q town in Nottingham towneiiiJ, bediming on 
the Delaware at Tienlon ferry, running aa the road runs 
to the grist mills oijposito Trenton, thence down the 
fltream of the inilla to the Ddawure^ tbenee down tlie river 
to the ferry, being the head ofnavigation," where ihefoiaa 
considerable trade extended from thoeity of Philadcljjhia^ 
and groat parta of the counties of Hunterdon, Moms, Mid dlo- 
sei, Somerset, and Buctg, in Ponnsylvnnia, deliver thdr 
3»rodtiee," and rafts of llmlHsr, Htavea, etc., come from 120 
milea up tJic river. Offered for «aIo, or on Iea60 for aiity 
^rcars. Apply to advertiser or his sons Robert L, Hooper 
and Jacob Roetera for Rultcrs] Hooper, "living at his 
mills oppoMte to Trenton.'^ , 

May, 1 704, — Sanmol Turker, Sltcriff, will sell that well- 
acouBtomed tavern, the lot 07 feet on Front atrect, and 1 74 
on Market, iulj<jiuing laiiJa ol" William Morris, Junior, 
Wm. Cleaytou, James Smith, and Robert Singer; honae 



Places. 



"5 



80 feet Bqo&re, having a ** genteel assembly-room, with a 
door opening into a fine balconyi fronting Queen street," 
late the property and now in poeaesaion of Robert Rnth- 
eribrd- 

March, 1766. — For sale a settlement on the river called 
IdmibertOD, about half a mile beloT the ferry near Tren- 
ton, with ntenBilfl for cniing herring and sturgeon. 

March, 1768. — For sale, *^ Hermitage" on the Delaware, 
one mile from TrentoDi 220 aeres. Apply to Benjamin 
BUes. 



I have taken tte trouble of making this colleo 
tioE for the sake of the local interest it may pos- 
sess with the inhabitanta of Trenton, and to cor- 
roborate what was said in the beginning of the 
chapter as to the probable size of the town in the 
first qnarter of the centnry. 



i^hi^i^T pistil. 

CoLLKOE OF New-Jersey — Cowzll, Buicir, 
Daviks, Finley. 

1746—1760. 

Of the College of New-Jersey, tlie Rev. Mr. 
Cowell W03 so early and active a friend, that 
lie may be counted among ita fouodera. The 
College was indeed projected by members of the 
Synod of Nevr^York, aa ooe of tbe means of 
fitrengtheoiag themaelvea after the disruption of 
1741, and not unlikely as a means of removing 
the taunt connected with the inadequacy of the 
Neahaminy school- Bat as it was to be estar 
bliahed in New-Jersey, and for all tliat he know, 
in Trenton or ita neighborhood, Mr. Cowell was 
not so bigoted a cbur^-hmau, as to withhold his 
influence from a scheme which, while it had no 
positive connection with any pai-ty, promised 
aucb important ailvant^es to tbe religioug and 
educational condition of the whole Province^* 



■ Dr. Gmeii, In h\E "JTolca," ovprfookf^ the laatoT of Trenton end 
tUo Est, Mr, GuLlii, when hv wrote; " rn ibo Province of Scw-JenBj 



J 



Belcher. 



>7 



He had learned the valne of college training 
from bis owTi career at Harvard, hihI mast have 
chared the mdigoatioa of the fiieads of David 
BraiBerd against Yale, when he was expelled in 
1742, for saying of one of the tatora, " be has dq 
more grace than this chair," which incident is 
said to have had its induence in encouraging a 
new college. 

The College of New-Jersey received its first 
chai^er in 174ii, and was opened with eight pu- 
pils, at Elizahethtown, under President Dickiu- 
Bon, in 1747. Upon hia decease that aame year, 
the pupils were removed to Newark, and placed 
imd^ir the Bev, Aaron Burr, who had a classical 
school in the town. la 1748 a more enlarged 
charter waa obtaineJ. Of the tmsteea named in 
this instrument, JAr, Cowell was one, and he was 
deputed to wait on Governor Belcher with an 
address from the corporation, acknowledging 
their acceptance of the trast. 

The Governor waa regarded so much in the 
Eght of a founder of the CoUegGj that upon the 
completion of the edifice they formally asked hia 
perniisflioE to call it Belcher HalL He declined 

3l imot kiiown Limt there wjia u <mg[i* darBTHiaa wbo IwlougBd lo lh« 



ii8 



Naflau Hall. 



the lionor, proft^ssiiig to " have always been very 
fonJ of the motto of a late gr^at ptrsouagc, prty 
de^^c qnwrti con^nci — to be usefol rather tliaii 
conapicuous* — but askerl the liberty of naming 
the College Nassau Hall, iu memory of WilliatQ 
in., *^ who yrm a brancii of the illuatrioua house 
of Nassau, ami who, under Godj ivjis the great 
deliverer of the British nation from those two 
monstroas furies, Popery and Slavery"! Mr. 
Burr was chttsen President^ aud the first class, 
seven in number, was graduated. J At the first 
regular meeting of the trustees after the reorgan- 
ization, Mr, Cowell was placed on committe&s 
to apply to the Legislature for pecuniary md, 
and to receive suhacriptiona in Trenton, From 
the few remains of the correspondence it appeara 
that President Burr frequently and familiarly 
consulted with Mr. Uowell about the aSaira of 
the College- hx July, 1753, be presses him to 



■ TUa imotto or Uia Hnuee or Sonure viU adopted, ppr>b»bTf Irom tba 
04T«mor'B answer, lij tLn Clicsopluc Sodolj uf ihc OoUc^^ loatitoled 
in 11B5. It vna ttiv iLitnia <A \hi> fiirEkliig cntllGn b^ror? Uie t^vaI i^ 
ofelioa hy Ibe Ror, Buy OftM B- CnUi D>D^ in tho ooramcEKomotit ir«ck 
of laflS, 

+ Dr Green's " X(A«»'' pp. 37*'5. 

] TltiTH Ib a putiLTuIar rapojl vi ilie tsA ccmuamcvoiNil la iLd Faui^ 



Bum 



119 



te at a certain meeting of tlie Board : ^^ Besides 
diacliargiug your duly as n trustee^ you miglit 
consalt aboDt providing for your school m the 
best mauner. I find myself a gi'eat deal id yoar 
debt iw to the article of letters, and, like other 
bankrupts, though I never expect fully to pay, 
yet I would make some attempts, that I may j-c- 
taiu my credit a little longer. I will do ray beat 
in providing yon a achoolmastor, but have some 
fears whether I can quite suit you or me. One 
of the best I must keep for my own uae ; one or 
two more that I could recommend are otherwise 
engaged. I have three in my mind, and am a 
little at a. loss whii?b to send," The compenaa- 
tioL offered for ft teacher at that time was twenty- 
five pounds and boarding. 

From the allasion in this and other letters, it 
appears that Mr. Cowell was looking for a good 
teacher for TreutoDj and that the schixil referred 
to had a connection with his own parish, or at 
least had been built on the charch-groundB, 
and conducted under some general control of the 
^congregational autboritica. 

Some light m thrown upon this enterprise by 
an advertisement which is found in the Philadel- 




120 



School Lottery- 



phia nawspapers of May, ITT^S, and whicli is not 
witlioQt interest for other reaaone : 




" We, wliose nrnnes are hereunto iiilwcribed, boob of scwno 
of ihe principal fMiiilk'9 uiiuidnboutTr«nU>n, being in ivomu 
jDoasure fea^iUtr t>f the adv:intag<^a of loaruiii^, ojiJ duair- 
<tiu that lbo9C wto ore doprjvod of it tkrongh thv poverty 
of their porcntft, might Uiflle the ewci^ncfia of it v^ilh our- 
flolres, CPU thick of do better or oUi or method ft^r Ihftt 
nurpose, than the following scheme of a Det/rtear^fsFttTid 
Lottenj^ for raising 225 jiieoe* cif elgbL [ftpaiiijih dolUfB] to- 
wards buildmg a houBo to a^comniodAto on ^glish uid 
^ranunar e<.1^ooli and inlying n mjiator to tcacb ench 
cliildron wbcse fftrents are lUiable to pay for schooling. 
It u jiropCBefl Lhnt iho hoiis<i lio ibirty foel long, twenty 
f^t vide, nnd oni- »tory high, mid built on tho sonth-esA 
comer of the meeiing-honao jord in Trenton, un^ler th« 
direction of Mctmcur^ ilcnjnimo Yard, Alexander Ch&in- 
bor^ aa^ John Chamber^ nil cf Trexitcn Aforesaid, . . , 
The managers arc Ut^yoaJd Hooper, son of Robert Lettu 
Ilooper, Ettrj. \ Jo^ph Warrell, Jnnior, son of Joseph 
Wnrrpll. E-u]. ; JtjuophKf^ed, Junior, (wn of Andrew Ucc-d, 
Ebhj, ; ThL-ophiluB Scvuriiftj Junior, aon of Thuoi-biliin 3o> 
rcrtuf^ Esq. \ Jubti AlJcD, Junior, son of John Alleji, Baq,; 
William i^nxton, iron of Josqth Pnxtoti, Egf^., Jl^eoMed} 
iad John Clea/tock, 6on of WilLiam CIcnyton, E«q.'^ 

The drawing was to talte place June 11, ** on 
Fial Island in the rivor Delaware, opposite to 
the to(m of Trenton^ antl the tuoney raiaej by 



School-house. 






bis lottery sliall be pflid into tlic hands of Moor^ 

t'urman, of Trenton, wbo is under bond for the 

Frnthful Jftyitig out the money for the ueesflbove. 

< And we the Managera assure the adveii- 

torei"3 upon our liouor, tliat tliU eclieme in rill its 

parts shall he as punctually observed as if "wc 

'ere ander the formalities uaed in lotteries ; nnd 

"we flatter ouret-lveB, the public, coLsideriug oar 

^Jao^hiblo flesjgn, onr ago, Mud our iniioeeiice, will 

[ive credit to this our public declaration/' 

The lottery of tbe iuoocetta was drawn ou the 
id July, 1753, and tb*; bmldiag was doubtless 
srected imincdiat*"ly aftenrarda ou the spot iiidl- 
ited. The minutes of our tnistftea record that 
176fi, Alexander Chambers and Beijjamiu Yard 
■ere elected by the congregation " Uiretitors of 
the vSchool-House." In a lease of ISOO to the 
^« *' Trenton Academy," tbe premises are described 
^HBs "a certaiD brick building, which was erected 
^■oa the lot belonging to the trustees of tho said 
^■church for tlie purpose of a school-house." Tbe 
^^les'it'es added a story to the building, and it eon- 
^^tiaued to be used for echool aud church purposes 
^^intil it W(ia taken out of the way at tbe erection 
of the present church. 
To I'Gturn to the College, In 1T53 the Rever- 
9 




122 



Da vies. 



ead Bamuel Davles and Gill>ert Tenneat were 
sent to Grcit Britain to solicit contributions for 
)>iiilLiirg a snitablf! edifice for the institution. 
Princeton was selected as its pluce. It was while 
making liia final ana.ngementg for the voyage 
that Daviea lii-st rnflde Lis pei"3onal acqaflintance 
with Cowelh la his journal of September IS, 
17-^3, Daviea ivritea : "Kode solitm'y and sad 
from Philadelphia to Trenton. Spent the eve- 
ning with Mr. Cowell, an agreeable gentleman, 
of the Synod of Philadelphia ; but my spirits 
were so exliausLed thnt I wns incapable of lively 
coaveraatioDj and waa ashamed of my blundering 
method of talking" It was a bachelor's borne. 
The next evening was enlivened by hig visit to 
the family of the gontleman who aucceeded Mr. 
Cowell in the pastorship of Trenton, '^ Rode on 
and came to Mi'. Spencer's, at Elizabeth town, 
where I woe most kindly received, and cay spirit 
cheered by his facetious conversation,"*^ 



* TliB SDlercfltiDg and vnluabbjounndoTIIavio^ frota l7fl3Io]^5A, fa 
givnti eniiro in Ur. Fcott^'a Skoldiea'.if Vltginto, Hntt iwrios, cliap. sat. 
It tiddd to mj pi:rBoTLaI lotfTeaL In Lli'ia part of the hutorj, to flDd tbat it 
wwpcmibljTnyaTiaMToT,U]itthow'Clflrktflmi,ofFHlikle]phiA,whi>mD»'rie« 
mtntioDS OB * fo1]ct^-|iaaa<?ngtr to Londurij a^d coriMrAy it wwi iLc groftt- 
gnuJfultieT of iiiy firmL-yniudfiiilitr, wliu it* rcrerrod lo In Davieii' Joumfll 
DTJmiunry 21, 17£i, when having prvncliod ia Borrysint^ DaviOffBaj^e: 



Burr. 



^3 



At van Otis dates in ITfj^^PresulentBarr writes 
from Newark to Mr, Cowel!, wito was on the 
1)iiildiiig committee, " I liked Mr, Worth's [the 
ma.soii] prriposiiU very well on fii"st view, and 
think with yoa it is noceaaflry to have a meeting 
of the committee, and aa many others n« can at- 
tend, as soon sb may be, , . . Yesterday I 
received letters from Me^rs. Tennent and Davies, 
dated April 30, which Imng the agreeable news 
that they have iu hand and j^romUes£1400 stei*- 
liDg" "Let me know if you think I had best 
bring a man with me to ]*rinceton that under- 
stands quarrying" "Tbey ask double the price 
fur carting at Princeton to what they do this 
way ; so I believe it would not be best they 
should cart much sand" "We must begin a 
barn, buy a wagon, etc., immediately.^ '^ It- 
pleases me to find the College lies so much on 
your mind. I have a hundred things toaay that 
must be deferred to our meeting, and can oidy 
add that I am ut 8em|>er yonra affectionately." 
'* We appointed the committea to meet at Priuco- 
ton on the third Tuesday of November, but I feaj-, 



" WJioo T ODterol i^it- pnlpU ll &\U-A me v-ilh reFi?rdnc» to rcllerT, Ihnt I 
BUind ill [hd ploco wliuK! Ur, Chrkanji, Dr, Owon, Dr, WaCIs, ddi] othon 
Lubl mive orQiiiiiU-d-" 





124 



College, 



tilings will suffer in meantime- AVe depenileil on 
Mr [Joliii] Brainerd'fi going to see bow tilings 
went on, l>at he 13 sick. I ii'iali yoar offiiira 
would admit of your visiting the bTiilding; and 
if yon tliiuk there is need of it, you may appoint 
otu* meeting sooner ; but if nothing will snfferj it 
ia beat tlie other appointment should stand, > , , 
There should be the utmost care that the foando- 
tion be laid Strang- We ought to have had a 
man to oversee the work <h dk in diem, though 
I put gieat confidence in Mr, Worth, I know- 
how much you have tlie afFair at heart." 

The trostees, by a vote on the 20th September, 
ITISG, directed the removal to Princeton to be 
made ''this fa]!." President Fliiley, in 17C4, 
wrote: " In the year 1757 the etudenta, to nbont 
the number uf seventy, removed from Newark," 
President Green, writing in lSi?2, believed it took 
place in the vacation auceeoding the commence- 
ment of 1756. Dr. Griffin, nt Pr. Macwhoi-ter's 
funeral in ISOT, said the removal was in October, 
17''>C, and this is confirmed by a memoracdnm 
of Nathaniel Fitz IJnndulph, madein 175S» The 
rommenceTiient of 1T57 fell ou the 2Gth Septem- 
ber ; President Burr died in Princeton on the 
54lli of the same month. Befoi'e leaving the 



I 



J 



President CowelL 



^^5 



to^rn, after the funeral antJ commencement, the 
trustees elected the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, Sr., 
to the vacant chair. Mr. Edwards not coming 
immediately^ the trustees in December appointed 
Mi^ CowelltoactaaPre^^ideritof the Collf^e until 
their nest meeting- "The choice of the said 
Mr Cowell,'' according to the minutes of the 
trustees, '^ being made known to him, he was 
pleased to accept of the same, and wa3 qnalified 
lis tlie charter directs." Upon Via electioti it was 
" voted that President Cowell provide, as aoon aa 
possible, an Ualier for the grammar-achooh" He 
served nutil February 16, 1758, when President 
Edwaida took his seat; but hold it scaitiely a 
month, falling a victim to the small-pox on the 
22d of March. 

Mr. Daviea V7a3 elected \\\s enccessor on the 
lOth April, being then but thirty-funr years of 
age. Mr- Cowell waa appointed t^ alt<^rnate to 
the Rev, Mr, Caleb Smith, to act at the next 
commencement, and wjxs placed on the conuuit- 
tee to attL^nd ty Mr. Davics^ removal froni Vir- 
ginia, import books from Englaud* aud attend to 
the completion of the Pre^ident^a house and 
the College. 

Mr. Cowell had been corrc3i)onding with Mr. 



n* 



u6 



I>ivkG. 



Daviea on other niattere^ before bis election to 
the presidency, Iii a letter of February 20, 
1758, after lamenting the loss which the College 
and the CImi'ch bad sufiered io the recent re- 
movuls by dcnth of Govcraor Belcher, President 
Burr, and the Rev. Mr, Davenport, Mr, Davies 
indulges in what ho calb a reverie, ra follows : 

"As (\io donth of (\xem good men wia nadoubUKUy 
^ui to ihcrUj may wo not raoilostly conjycturo tljftl it wiK 
ntikO |irnvu an ndvaiit^ii^u Io thu woHil, tlioi^gti wu art tipl 
to Umcnt Litem 4U IohI ? 1 can not conceive of hcaii^ tir% 
a AlaU> of mere cnjojmvntt wiUioiit notion, or incident an- 
yhw fhElurnli'm and priUJte. Tha hajtpmoAJ Ei^'ri'CjiMu lo 
vigcrou« immortnl* niiist t*o[i»hUl, qhh would tliiiik, in j»ro- 
Itet t*icrcij4o, aniiaMe lo the U'ntToUiioo uf lliolr JwarU 
mill tbi^ t'lLlLTt ufUiulr [luwt'ra* M:(y wl- not lLrii suffjHiso 
tlmt eucJt di^voDt mid bciicvulcnt souU aa these, ntii-n rv- 
leMod trc»m the coDlim^mont of DiortaUty^ im^ ihc- lovr htior 
of tiitr pro4i>nt lilbi nrc not only Fid^nncod to eupmor %iv- 
gro«s of hnpirtniTBA^ hui jilaood ir n Iilglicr k|dtcrc of tmo- 
fiilri4<ftN« i^inployocrnii tho niinUtorH of I'rovhlcnct^, not to 
iIjU or tl(!H lartuiular clmn'li, college, or ccilouy, but to s 
luuru t'ltt-'ii^ivo cbur^r, and |>crf)n]tB lo a more imEKjrtiiiit 
cJaii« of btringK, AO tJiat tlkc ptiblio good, as tEjt' goodof tha 
luuvoTMT of crc4Lturca takos oollvctivcly, to wliioh the in'- 
IVTcst* of prirnlo jmrioni niid intoriur pomniunllio* miwl 
»]w»jTi 1m' sniiorduiiito iiikKt a viMt admiiiblnilioTi, niay 
fKf prinnril4^d Uy ilidr removal fi'om n^ And JVx)in tfti'ir 
iwrrow fpli^ro of 1>«iie5cctico m tbb inipcrArct world. 



Davics- 



127 



And if, whon Ihoy coiwe to be ua*>ful tn^n, thpy coiiinn^Tiee 
an^et*, Uint J», mimst^ruig spirits, nc mny cocignituLLto 
tbcm nijtl l!io workl iip-jii tills more eitiiii^ive bencTiccuce, 
iDsoad of laraontin^ Ihtm as loat t(?ftll iiaeriiUicgfl. Thue, 
air, I a^iuiotimos portoit ray ini^lontion to rovo ; but I 
must cDDf^sB, sense prevnifa n^Eimst spo<*Tilatm[] nnfl con- 
jeplurei, and ns an iahnLitant ff lliis worM T cloopjj' foel 
lliB loss. Forgive me, dear sir, lliis reverie, wliioU seeina 
to fiii^gc.'^t n new ihonglit ; if it flhoulil be new to yor^, T 
BliouJd for llml very reason miapect it noi to by just. 

"I lienrlUy rejoice iullio cbolcotho Trustees have mndo 
of a successor to Mr, Burr Mr. Edwarda }ias long liepii 
Vtfvy liigb ill my eatttui as a miin uf vi-ry great picly, and 
ore of iLc deepest lliinkers and greatcftt divinea of ihu 
n-j^c. May tbc Lord Ion;; coutinac hia life, tuid his ca^^uci- 
ticfl li>r motion I" 

Mr. Dflvies was much perplexed m to liia duty, 
when infornn^il of Lis own elpctiou £w successor 
of President EJwarde. Upon referring the mat- 
ter to Ms Presbytery tliey recommended his re- 
maining in Vii"girii:j, and \ig yieldf*d to tlieir 
judgment His later resolution, and the state 
of mind whicli led to it^ are described in a letter 
whtcli lie wrote oa tlie 14tli S(?ptt^mber, tT^iQ^ to 
Mr. Cowcll, and wliicL, notwitLstanding its wont 
of direct connection with our narrative, I tliiiik 
neeJs no excuse for its insertion here, especially 
aa thia fxjrrespoiidcnce Las not before been edited. 



128 



Davic5 and 




"TTiowgh my mincl was calm and serene for snmc time 
after the decision of the Presbytery, aud I acqoicsctil iii 
tUeir judgment as itic voice of God, till Mr. S^milh [Rev, 
Caleb Snulb, of tbe ComroiUce] was gooc^ jot to-diiy my 
anxieUea are revived, aod I am almost as macL at a loss 
US «ver AvLut h ray diityj nor crio my eoTiHdence be easy 
witliout sending thU poaLscript to uiy f^tmor letter at a 
venture* though 1 hnive no other mtdiam of conveyance 
but the post, which ia oflcn nncertain and tedioue. 1 oan 
hunt'stly declare, sir^ I novor was bo much concerned 
Hbtjiit my own estate as 1 have been and still am for the 
prosperity of the College. And the vory suspiwon lliat I 
may posaibly hnvc done It an injiiry by not accepting the 
honor the Trustees wcrc^ pleaded to confer npon mo, caufics 
mo to appear almost an nnpardonable criminal to myself 
This tiHMpit'Ion liaiiJilM rae night and dny, andlcan have 
no uJiiiu till I am dt'livei'eJ from it. It received a terrible 
confirmation when I found that thougli tlie Presbytery 
could not jioaitivdy detenniuc, it waa ray duty to leave 
Virginia and accept tho invitation. Yet iboy wore very 
skeptical ahont it, and wished T coidd liavo determined 
the nuitter for myself- 1 am Jilw apprelienaivc tho genor- 
oua error of their excessive pcraonal friendjihip for nui, 
and their ereesaivc difiidonce of tbetr o\rn abilities to 
manftj^'o affjiirg in a concern of bo much difficulty without 
my cundnct find aaalslnnce, had no Kmall influence n]>on 
their de ten in nation, T am likewi:^e convinced, that if I 
had been able to form any previous judgment of my own, 
it would have turned the scale, and theirs would have 
coincided with miuc. 

I have indeed a very Ini^e, imporlpnl rongregntif>n ; 




tiic College. 



Mi) 




and I am so far from having ntiy ivnaoa to tliinli tlioy 
are w^iry of mo, tUat U is an flK™6flble misfonunG to me, 
thai, thfy love me »o woll, IJiit T mnko tio suruplc?!^ even 
to tell tbciaaelveB thai they sire Ly no mcaiifl of equal iixi- 
porlanoowilh the College of New-Jersey; and Bomo of 
them, whoiio puhljc Rpiril hus tho prtidominanoy over ])i"i- 
raie tncndsLi]) jini] eGll-iEitsrL-Ht, aro aetislbl^ of it, f niti 
acre if t hnd appoare^l in ihe s.imG light to your Boartl as 
I do to myself, 1 should have escaped all tliia pcrjitexily- 
It ia tl^e real sentiment of my hcjirt, without QflVclatio:i 
of humility, that I am extremely iiatit for bo important a 
trust, the most importmit, in my vieu', thfll an eedejdanlc 
can Himnin in AnuTioaj and T have rever jis nnieh as sua- 
pticted that il is^ould he my duly to accept it, except upon 
tile supposition cf lU being n dcapcratc cano, ir I should 
reject it ; and ib La my iL-ar, that ic may ba bo, co/tJider- 
ittijf vontidctixJidU^ tlirtt makes ma bo oilromcly mieoBy. 
Wlion I rofleet upon snch things as thi?se, I am cotutToin- 
frftoeend yon ihis answer, thciugh I ara afmlil out of yea- 
nou» ihaL if the TrnnteeH can agree to elect my woilhy 
fil<^rid, Ml-. Fiiilcy, irith any tolerablo degree of cordiality 
and mmnimity, I f'liall be porfoctly eatiafiod, and rejoieo in 
Iho advantageona oiehange- Bul if not, 1 lihfill think it 
my duty to aecept the ofToTj if the Trnstees judge it pro- 
per to conlimip or renew my eleeLioiin 

" If this thould comu to hand before acolhur clcotion, I 
pi*?© you leave, bIi-, though with Irumblin'; Lositatioo, to 
eoramnnicato it to the Board ; if not, I beg you would 
forever conceai it, for the real diflicuJty of tlie iiifair, and 
thy Datnral caution and skepticism of tny mind, have given 
my coudnct such ui appearance of Jtekleuess that I am 



130 



ftivies nnJ 



qwtQ Rihamci^ of it. My life, sir, I look npoo as aaorwl 
tu GuU Ami iliQ piiblie ; and ihe aorricc of i\ni\ nnti irinii- 
kind ia not n A^ti/ tiling, in mj vic^*". WlitTi^soevor it 
flpf cnra lo tiia I uinjr ]>erform it, ig liic grcAtvat advantage, 
Iht'ro^ I 1k'|ic, I *houU dicosc to fix luy rofli Jenct, vlittlior 
in ITftfiovor, PriiicutoiiT or evtii Lflj-lunU or Japsin^ But 
m/ flTniuUca In Uie |>r(F?ii.mt ca*w Iiavo prc<!ce'U'<l from ihi* 
Hunt ttf li^rhi tij Jt^ittjin'mc wlieru tbt* ajilii^re of my uhofiil* 
iicM ^-^oiJU be tlio most oxlfiusiv©. 

*^ir matters HhouliI turn out so a» to conatrniri int; to 
coma to Ni^-iflu ItaJ, 1 vtily b('^ early i»tc*Iti;{i;oce uf it, 
hy Mr. Smith, wlio iniCTiJs lo rovUit lliuiovi^r sUortly, or 
by |io9t, luid 1 ftliull prcjijiru for my joiiriiey and thai 
removal of my fiiTiiily with all poa»ililo cxjiudiiioik. This 
honor which you, ^r, uml tlic othor ^^ciiLkiacn of the 
Triii*ti'CTi. yrho arc 'm olLcr insiancoa such good jndj-os uf 
murit, haTc done me, w «uoh a strong temptation to vnii- 
ity, as roqiiirc« no small dugroo of aelf-knowlcdgo to nmat. 

'^ I iilj;ill always ri>liLJri a gratEffiil svusg of it, and T pray 
iruil it iiwiy \ia\c no had inllut^nue upon a heart ao dLVjJy 
infected vt'iih tlic uncrcaturdy vLco of jiridc.** 

Aftop diapfttcLing this letter, " extorted from 
him," fls he said, "by iiTCsLstible anxieties" a 
second messenger (Ilalsey) from the Trustue^, 
oppcfirs to have intioiated to Mn Davies, that ia 
the event of liis declining th« cliair, the ll*v, 
BAmnel Finley would be the choice of the Bonrd, 
And that he i^'os, by some, nli^ady preferred to 
hiiii-inlf. AecoMingly, on the ImU Ot;t4jljtr, 



Finl<f)'. 



>3» 



D^iviffl writes again to Cowell, to urge Finle^'^a 
electiou : 

** Since you aiidamajurity of dieTrusteesIiavetTiouglit 

me lit tofillaoimporlAnt a seat, joumost alao thuik mo in 
some mca^uro fit tt> jinlgc of the propyl' qiiafificoUons of a 
Pro^d«nt i I thcroibre beg you would not only bcliovo me 
aincere, but also have some liulc regard to my ju<lgmeut, 
when I recomijitfiid ^Ir. Finli.% fioin long ami miinmta 
acniuiintarice willi Lmj, as the beat qualified portiou in tbo 
compaasof my knowledge in Americoj for tbiit high. Iruatj 
and incompflrfibly bettor qimUlioJ ihtin ifijRclf. And 
though tho want of some *mierfieial accompUahiuGnta for 
empty populnrily, may kuep liim in obscurity for some 
liltlo iJiui', hh hidden worth, in n few months or year* at 
nio&t* will bla^ out to tho Aatiafactlon, and even aalunijili' 
tncnt of all coadid mon. A diB-ippoinluicnt of tbiji kind vr^ 
certainly bo of HOrvioo to tho College; but na to *ne, I 
greatJy fear I should raortily my friends with n dUuppoiut- 
mf^ni of sm np[)09ito u;iliiro; liko an inflamed meteor, I 
might oast a glaring light and atlrnct the fiate of man- 
kind for n Ull'lo while, but tho flaah would soon be over, 
aud leavo me in my CDlive obscurity, 

*• I abould bo glad yon would write to mo by post, after 
the next ineuting of the TrustoEra, what cboiee they shall 
hnro madcj for though T ncvcT expect another a]>plicji- 
tion to me, yet I feel myself intereelod in the welfare of 
the College, and shall bo ansioaa to hear what condnsion 
may bo formed iipop thig important affair.*' 

Whon tlie Trusteea m^t in ls'ovember,(l7.^8T) 



'3^ 



College and 



after conferring, and comparing letters, it wag 

put to vote whether Mr. Daviea' ref[isal was to 
be regarded as fiurd. Upon two ballots, the 
voters of '* not final" aud "- non liqacl" had the 
majoiitj', bat to remove the embarrassment, they 
yielded ; upon which the Rew Jacob Green, of 
Morris county, father of Dr. Ashbel Green, was 
chosen Vice-President, and the election of Presi- 
dent postponed till the next May, I find these 
particulars in a letter from Mr, Uowell to Mr. 
Davies, tlated at Trenton, December :25j 175& 
to which he adds: 




" It I irflj- "be nllowed to gness, I ihink ? 

" 1- Tliat you will be elecled next May ; 

" 2. Thnt if you arc not. flln Fmlcy -will not ho, 

" 1 think with you» dear eir, thnt Ibo CoU*?go of Ncir- 
Jf^racy ongLt to bo c&teomiHl of as mndi importuic^ to 
iLo iiitoroals of religion find liberty, m Jiny instilulion of 
Iho kind in Amcnca. T am SL^nsible jour Ipuving Virginia 
ia ntleiiclvd witb vcrj great diSicullies, but I can not 
tbink yonr affiura are of equal iniportaoco with the Col- 
loj^o of Kofl-Jcrscy," 

At the May meeting Messrs, Davies and Fifl- 
Icy were both nominated, Davica waa elected, 
and in July arrived in Princeton. Tulr. Cowell's 
interest and activity as a trustee did not abate 



Cowell 



"S3 



upon tlie accession of Ins friend and favonto! 
candidate ; but aoarcoly had eighteen moiitlia 
elapsed from tho President's inauguration, before 
totli were iu their grnvea. The liist relic of tlieir 
correBpondence showa tbat Mr. Cowell'a medical 
skill (for Le had stuLlied and on emergencies 
practised metliciue) wag valued in Priiiceton- 
Under date of February 15, 1760, Mr. Daviea 
writes ; 



" Doftor Scinldpr hrw mnnilatcd i miinber of tho slu- 
dcnlB, vhv are nW liktrlj to do well, t'^uept tiite, who was 
takep with the pleurisy ubout tlic lime of hia inoculation, 
mid bad an uirL'tcriitc cold for eniao time boforc^ Tlio 
Doctoi'^B own Jiimilyaiid Uis folliDr-m-iaw wero mocwlatcd 
about the Bumc time, ntid one ofthi^m is so ill that he has 
not hecn able to give good atteiidarieo here. I mado nn 
explicit roaerve of liberty to consult niny other phyMrinn 
upon thG flppcarancc of any other alarming Bymptom, 
thL'rcfore T eeaU for yoa at Iho reqwesl of many, as n-ell na 
Tuy own motion- I beg you wouUl ^omo immedinu*ly,(br 
the young mnn'a life is in evident danger, niid iny ilear 
Mrs. DQ;'ie5 is so nflui;led in her moutlj, olo., with the 
mereiiriiil and aiiUmonial preparaLioEB, that bi\c has been in 
cxquir^lio agony, nnd Htands in great need of inkmediate 
relief. I long to hear from my promising pupil uader 
your earo/' 

10 




IMi:. Cowkll's Death ahij BiruiAr. 

1759—1760. 

In Jnne, 175^, Mr- Cowell iiaa present in tlie 
Presbytery, which met at Trenton, butliisLeulth 
woe probably then failing, as a request was made 
from tbecongre*j,ition»that Lb pulpit '* might be 
snpplied at le-;xst in part during Lis illness.'' He 
was present again at thu meeting iu Princeton, 
July 25, 1759; at which time hia frienJ, Pre- 
sident Davies, was receivetl from Hanover- At 
BaskingriJge, October 30 of that year, another 
petition was brought from Trenton, '' praj-ing that 
as Mr, Cowell is unable throDgh alcknesa to attend 
the ministerial function, Mi", Guild might be or- 
dered to supply them eveiy third Saljl>ath.'' In 
compliance -with this, Mr. Guild, pastor of the 
Hopewell (Pennington) church wag directed to 
" supply aa much of hia time as he can at Trenton." 
Mr. Cowell was present at the meeting of Pi'es- 



i 



Cowdls Illness. 135 



liyteiy, hell! at Naasan lift]], March 11, 17C0- 
The rt-giilar Moderator being al^sent, Mi\ Cowell 
was chosen in bia place, and President Dnvled 

acted as clerk. One of Mi". Cowell'a successors, 
William Kirkpati-ick, wrta at this meeting, and 
Another, Elihu Ji^pencer, sat aa a correaponding 
member 

" Mr. CoweU represcQted to Llie Presbytery Lhat he liJig 
"bocii long indisfioacd in hodj', and imable to diacLarge the 
JatieB of fbe pastoral relation to Lis coo^ijrcgntioii in Trcn- 
lOTi, anLl tUeroforc rcquamted lUat ho rai^^lit be dtemisscil 
from it ; anil llio congregation also by their pptiiion^ and 
the declarallon of tlidr coiuniiHsioHers, lalimule tlieir ac- 
qu]e«ccnci< hi it. 

"The Presbytery tbercffire consent to the request, ard 
do hereby diamifla Mr, CowcU from said congropatlon ; 
jet thy y affectionately roc ommGnd it to him ibiit^ if it 
shoiitd pleimtf God to rc^torG lilm to nn nbility to ^lerciNti 
his mluiistry, he would preach 03 oE\en u^ he eaji in t]i:tt 
coffgregation while \acant, aud ia othor vacancies as he 
slnill Lave opjwrtunity." 

The laat session of Presbytery, which Mr. 
Cowell attended, ivaa at Lawrenceville (Maiden- 
head) Septcmljer 17, 17ijO,tliefllxtli meeting lield 
in thai yerir. On the '2^ih of October MesHrs. 
Kirkpntrick and Treat were deputed to supply 
Trenton- 




136 



Cowcirs Death, 



Mr, Coweirs decease took ]?lace on the first 
day of December^ 1 TGO^ at liU re&iilence lu Tren- 
ton. He was in tlie fifty-seventh yeai^of hia flge, 
Laving served the Trenton people in the town 
and country coi^gregationa nearly twenty-four 
years. 

His l>e]oved friend Davies, who was then in 
the midille of the second year of hia presidency 
of Nnaaau Hall, was colled upon to preach in the 
chui-ch on the tlay of the internent. ITe fulfdled 
this office with great aflectton and fidelity, and it 
adJa interest to the narrative to know that in a 
few weeks afterwards, (Febrmiry 4, HGI,) that 
most eminent preacher, jnst past the thirty-sixth 
year of his age, was himself suddenly removed 
Ijy death froni the new sphere of nsefulnesg and 
fame, npon which he had entered; so that on 
the page of the SynodV Minntes of May 20, 
17(>l,is found the sentence: **The Preshytory of 
New-Brundwiek further rejxirt, that it has pleased 
Qod to remov(^ by death, einee our last, the Rev, 
Mr. President IJavies aiul the Rev, Mr, David 
CowelL" 

In his fatal illnesg Mr Davies remarVed, that 
lie had been undesignedly led to preach hie own 
fnneral sermon, lie alluded to the fact that hfi 



and Funeral. 



»37 



had delivered a diacoui-se on New Year's day 
(1T61) from tlie words in Jeremmb, "Tbua saitb 
tlie Lord, this year tliou shalt die " He took 
tbis text, however^ after Laving Leeu informed 
tliflt'PresiJent Enrr liad preached from it on the 
first day o( the year in which he died. I):ivie8* 
sermon at the College on the firat day of the 
preceduig year, is entitled, "A New^Year^fl 
GifU" The test of that ia : " And that knowing 
the time, that now it is high time to awoke out 
of sleep, for now ia our salvation nearer than 
when we believed " It is the fifty-ninth in the 
published collection. 

The autograph, from which Davlea preached 
at Mr. Coweir^i funeral, is now before me. It is 
a sermon on the words fi-om the Epigtle to the 
Hebrews, '*Let aa lal>or, therefore, to enter into 
that rest" adapted to the occasion by a new in- 
troduction, and by what appears to be an impar- 
tial aod discriminating eatimnte of the character 
of the deceased- As these jjarls of the diseoui^e 
are interesting as relics of the great preacher, as 
well aa for their descriptions of a prominent per- 
son iu onr history, I shall (|Uote them in fulL 

The new opening was thus : 

'* WhilG J^^iitli ri'igne in our worid, and spreads ila pdo 




'38 



Funeral Sermon 



tropbles bo ofleci bufarc our cyc3, liow gloomy and iliHiual 
woald oar prospect be, cspcdally at faacrnl oco;imt>ns^ iT 
Jeaufi iiad not brought liTti uml iminortalifyto light by^lho 
Gospel i And hoxv iutolombl^^ would bo the donbltUl 
fltnigglpH, the tolls Diid /htigT[e?s of life, if we had no pros- 
pect of Kesl ! Add An cvurlasUii^ dunilion to tlhem, 
jlqU the-)' Locomc too oppreBsivc for buinan nuture. But 
blesftcd be God, tijcrc rcmoiiicth a r^^Bt for the poopio of 
God ; a rest that Toay Lo oblainod by hard Iftbor, tliongh 
lost by unbelief, ' Lot ua Tabor, thcroforo, to enter into 
that roat.' Here heaven is represented iimlpr ihei ngree- 
ab!e idcn of n time of re.if; the way to obtain it pointed 
o«t, naEuely, by havd Uibot\ and the ucccssilf/ of laboring 
hard inipUeJ. TUeeo are the aeveral topics I now intisad 
to illusirate for the ivUj^'ous improvement of this melan- 
choly occasion." 

HaviDg completej this plan ia tlie u^nal full- 
11D33 of his manner, tLc discourse closed with the 
new matter i)rt?pared for the day, as follows : 

*' What remiiina of tUo present hour, I wotitd dovolo 
more immediately to ihL* memory of the JtmL To pro- 
aomioe & panegyric on the dead is anpposed to bo llm 

priiiclpjd desigo of funeral sermons j run] lo praise Xha 
dend Is a duLt which envy itself will allow iis to diacharge. 
But it H not a regard to aucient custom, nor an apprehon- 
won that tbo cnlogiura ;vUi not ho envied nor dispntGd, 
ihat o\tiie me at present to lake sume particular notice of 
tbt character of our worthy friend, who now lies a pale 
corpse before us. It is rather my desirt' to concur with 
ihu flenicnoe of heaTen, and to pniisc the viriuo which I 




by Dav 



ics. 



"39 



cliccrfiilly Iiopo Ijm ero now recciTcd tbo npprobatJOD of 
the Snpromo Jitdg^^. It is my fdl conviction that tLo 
character of the dcceasod was in lanny rcspecta wortly of 
i.ho imitation of tho living, lUid that in recommonding it, 
I flliall rpcommeml virtue nnd rpfigion wilJ] advantage, bb 
CEc^rnpHlied in life, 

" Indeed, it would have relieved me froni aomo c-nslety, 
if ray wonLy friend had nominated some one to iLia ser- 
vioc, whogo lon^ ocqnajntanoe witli him would Imve en- 
abled liim to do justice lo liia memory, and exLibit a full 
view of hifl charactCT-- During iho Bliort time tlmt I hfivo 
been a resident of this Provinec, lie liaa been my yety in- 
limate friend, and I have conversed trecly witli him in liia 
most tinguEirded hoara, when his convorsatton wab the fn\l 
imago of hia eoul. I!tit 1 h:id only n general aeqnaLitftnco 
with liira for ten of the years before, and of tbe earlier 
port of Lid lli'e 1 bad no personal knowledge, and have T&- 
ocivcd bnt n very imjierfect account from Ha earlier nc- 
quaintancee. JJut from what i have heard fcom pcrsoim 
of credit, or have known myfleU I ahall givo you the fol- 
lowing general «ketf*h of hia cbaractor ; and ajj T would by 
no ineaas incur the cenauro of flattery^ or risk iLe ix-piila- 
lion of my veracity, you may bo fLBSured I folly leliovo 
myflclf in the account 1 give of his character- 

"Thc IEqv. Mr. David Cowell was born at Dorchester, 
in the government of MasFia<rlmsettfl Bay, nnd educated at 
Harvard College, T am informed by one of liia unrlj 
fricnib*, that the oliaraoltinstnis of his youth were a serlonSj 
TirtuoiiH, and religious tcirn L>f mind, free from the \ieea 
and vanities of the wild and tbouglitleaa age, and a re- 
niiU'luvblu tbirut for knowledge. The study i;f books waa 




140 



Character of Cowell 



bot)i hU amoswnont and ecrioiis business, while ho waa 
passing ttirouf-h hb coureo of oollogiaie education, and 
even bpfc.»rG ho eniered iipon il, and I am whneM Uow 
Hvdy a tasto for books ard kuowledgo ho chemhed to ihe 
UaL 

^'I fim Dot ablo to give yoo sn account of thoscnsntiona 
smd improasiona of hia nimd from Jivino things in i*arly 
Vi\Vj which wore tho begimiingi of hia roUgion, lint t» 
every effect taiut havo an ndoquato causo, from wh!!! I 
Tiivo obncrrt'it in lilm of tlio Chrii^tian lGin|>cr, I couolado 
ho h;kJ becD the subject of siidi imprcAsions. 

" lie apponr^^d to ma to have a tuind ^adily and habit- 
ually bvT\i Ui-war^n God and hoUnose. If Uis roligion vad 
sotKo waniL EuiJ ^tiu%6ioDato ae th.uof somo, il wu a ] perhaps 
proportionally more eveuly unitbmi and rntiomil. Hn va^ 
not flighty aud viAioc&ry, nor yel dull and ec'DBc-lcsau ll'n 
rclij^ion was not a tnuisicDl pasaioi^ but appeared to Uj ji 
gottlod temper. 

" Iluaiilily and modcflty, those gentle virtnes, teemed 
to fihtiio in him with a very amlnblti lustre. Far from ha- 
ing foil of hinwelfi far from taking atr« of superiority, or 
giving himself tho |irtfLirencc, he oflcn impobL'd a I'dim- 
tory niltnce upon himself, whca ho could Lave t^ade an 
■greoablc fl^iro Jn conversation, lie was fund of giving 
my to bia brotbrco, with whom Lo might juatly have 
claitnod an c^uaLcy^and to encourage modest worth in hU 
Irferior*. He waa not ii»piidvnUy hberal of ociakcd ad- 
viDi% thou^rh very jndieioua, imjiartial, and commiuiifativD 
when «insalt«d. Ue had an cody, graceful ucgligence in 
bi> carriage^ a noble irkditl'imiot^ nljont sl'LIihi^ hhuvulf uIT, 
And though hb iidelluclimJ fartiiturt-, Jjii i^xpc^neucv and 



bv 0a vie s- 



Mi 



seniority might have boon a strong tomplation to iho 
nAunI f'lible of vanity aiicl m.-I(^>iLt[1icieiii?y^I iiover hnve se«7i 
nny thing m his conJucL, that iliacovercd a bi^h OAltmnte 
of his own acccmiJiahmcnts- LkIcp^^ he seenicd not to 
know tboun, though they were so couepicnouB Ibnl many 
a man has made & very brilliant ^Lj^pcnroDCc with a Bmall 
share of ibcra, 

"lie Lad 11 K^markalile eotnmand of hh \iasMom, No- 
lliing boifitcroiid or impctnoufl, notbmg rn^h or lierofs Ap^ 
poorod in his coadiiott even in cixc^inaLint^es that would 
throw many otlxera into a lennonl, lljid 1 not beon told 
by one who has long and iutiniatGly known him, thai he 
was C!i(jahlQ of n manly resentment uytm jnojior orcnsions, 
I shoulcl liave concludt'd that hu was gonercu5ly insensible 
to personal injuries^ for I can not recollect that tTcr I 
heard him ^pcat a gqvi^th word, or discover tho least do- 
groc of anger ntfaiiiBt any man upon earth. Ho appoarod 
E^alm and imriiltird ninidflt the storrai* of the world, jjcace- 
ful .-uid ^crcnn amidst the couuuoUon oud uproar of hainan 
piumions, 

'* F^r from aan^^nixic, prattling fotwwdnesa, ho was re- 
markably cflutioiia and dclibotalc ; slow to pronoancc, 
ah>w to dotemune, and ospecially to conBarc,.and thorefons 
wol! guai-doil against eitremegj and tho many pernicious 
conseipiuiKVfl of preeijiitant oondiijuons. 

"In matters of debate, and especially of religioua oon- 
troTcray, ho waa rnther a moderator and compromiacr 
than a paity. Though ho could not bo noutar, hut judged 
for himeelf to direet bis own conduct, y*^t he did not affect 
to iniiMJSt* hi« scniimcTits upon others, nor m?t np hi^ o^vn 
'''iderfiUindintf a« ui univore^ Hlaudard of truth. Ilo 



142 



Character of Cowell 



ftOTiTi eierciHC candor nnd forbpamiioe witliont constrain 
or rductmiciei ami wliea lie UajiptueJ to difior m opiiiioa 
from any of liia brethren, oven themaelvca conld not h 
acbiiowleilgc ond ndmirf^ bia cioderalion. 

" llts flccomi^HsliiTiGiita ns aniau of senate uitd looming 
wore very tonHidornble, Ilia jnilgmonl waa cool, di-libor- 
ate, and ponelrjtliug. IHs st^riUrucDLfl VL»re ■ttttl digc^to 
arid bia t^e olegaut and rtfiucd. lie bad rend not a fe 
of tbe best inoO<.'ni aulhora^ and though he did not o 
plod over the mouldy volamea of anliqnily, he w 
no stranger to aneient Jitcrature, whether clasdeaTj phi 
Bophicaly or ht^torica]. He could tliliik na uell iis rea 
and the knowledge he collected from books, was well 
geatcd. and became bisoivn. He had care fully etutlicd lb 
Sacred Seripturen, that grand apcoinjjllehmeut for a divm 
and had a Titioniil Lhoory of Lho ChriBtian fiyfilcm. 

"He had an oai^y, natural vein of wit, which rendered 
his converBalion extreinelj agreeable, iiod whirb ho nom 
timea used with great dexterity to expose the rake, th4>* 
fop^ the infidel, and the otlicr fools of the hutnan apocioe. 
Uul never did his humanity allow him lo use tbifl keen 
WOflpoa to woi:iid a friond, or Uw innocent, whether friend 
or foe. His wit was sacred to tbe icrricc of virtue, or in- 
nocently volaiile and lively to heighten the plcaflure of 
conversation. 

" He waa s lover of mankind, and dolighied in every] 
nflico tif bent vol etiee, Benevolence appeared to ine to bo 
hia predominant virtue, which gave n most nuiiablo ea&l to 
his whole tcmpor mid conduct. Did hfi ever refnae 
givo robof or plcaanre to any of hia fuUow-crenturcs, who 




by Diivics. 



H3 



it was in hia pon-or ii> do it? 1 uovor lad rt-ason to 
tliiiik tiG iiy. 

"Tb:iL li« inigljL lio ;ible lo support liinificir, witliotit op- 
preaaing n small congregnttoii, Ijc np]»licJ some part of liis 
time to thu stu<Lf and practice of pliyaio> in wTiIi-Il he maO^ 
no incoceidcmblG figure. lu Lliu he woa tto friend of ihu 
poor, and spared ueitUer trotibb nor oxpooao to roUevo 
Uiem, 

't *■ T never Iittd the liappiiiesa lo hearliim in iLc sa- 
ri con s^y but Kltto of him in Lb Iiigbcet cha- 
"wcter'M a niinisterof tlioOo^po!. But from what I tuow 
cf hJA ditf[>o5ilionf tlieologiciil kiiow[u<]gc, find obh^r ro- 
[K^ntis perfumianceH, T doubt not. but h'w ^miouH wore 
judicious, aenona, well-conipoaed, and calculated toflhow 
men the way of wilvatiou> 

"Id prayei"^ I atn snro, ho appeared hamble, solemn, ra- 
I, and impoitiinatG^ as a oroatnre, a aiuner hi tho pra- 
'vmoe of God ; nilliouL levll}', nkliGul. aGtict:iLion, withont 
Pliaiis^ual Hclf'Conrjdeincc. 

"In the charter of the College of Now'JerBcy, he was 
nominated one of tho trusteoa, and but few inyoalcd viiL 
tlio same trust, diacharged it witfi ao much zoal, diligetice, 
and alaiirhy. His heart was set upou tlie prospi-rky of 
tlip iiifiinL inatitution, nnd Uc Kserled himself in i(a fitrvi;^, 
nor did lio forget It m bia last momenta.* 

"Thindnirch baa jyatrt judicious miDiatpr of the Gospel, 
and, as we hope, a eineoTo Chi'istinn ; tho world baa loat 
an iaoffonaive, tineful moDiher of society; ibU town an 
agroeablc, poaccablo, beiievolont nibabiuint; the College 



• Mt. CowdII tiiH;iieatho J flAy poucdfl Lo Uju CoUega, 




1-14 



EpitiipL 



of NoiiT-Jcr»4(<y a iklhtMT, nud T Imvo lont n Menfl; und I 
donbl not Imt publk aud private 3*»rrow aiiJ lamit'Dlflilyo 
^vill bo in some mcosin-c corrcapondcat, and c^prcaa tUo 
grcatncM of tho loss. 

"Lc!t 119 erdtflvor, my brotliron, to copv liia flmiablo 
dmr^clt^r, and m\ikti hh virtucfi our r>\rii. Tin? dinniottT, 
iiidi:od^ ifl not perfect. Tlic Irieiid, the acbolar, tha mm- 
letor, the Climtifio was ntiU a mnn ; ft man of like paa- 
aiona with onreclvoa ; and, thorofori?, he undoublo'lly had 
his LlGDiiHbc» and infii-mUi(?.4. llo h at beat but a ainner 
ennctlflcd and savod. IIovvoTor, I ahjill not [l^icribe hw 
faults, boeau_sG T hjifillj Jiin*w thurii, Ji»d botiUii**.! greater 
can be found almost everywhere, iriavirtoes 3ixd ^aces 
or(] not ao common, and theretbro I have exhibited them^ 
to your \'iew for imitation. 

'*Wilh liiia tbc (lubioTia conflict of life is over, and ^ro 
hope bo lius entered into rest, ami swLH?tEy fallen :Laloep 
m JoaiiSi hci ns al^o la^or to enter into that rest, leab 
any of ua fall by anboli&E'' 

MrCoi-veira bodjivnadepositel in the cLurcli- 
yftrd at Treoton. aiul tbe grave, M'hich is within 
n fe\r feet of the western wall of the church, ia 
ileaignated hy a head-atorte TvitL the fulluwiiig in- 
scription 1 

'*Iii memory of the 

Revd> Mb. DAVID CO WELL. 

Born in Tiorehoaicr, 1704, 

Graduated iu TTarvard Colii^go, Camhridgp, N, tl, 17-^2. 

OrdoJticd nt TreuLoii, I73tt. 



Sermons. 



HS 



**A man of penetrating wit; eoM jadgm*int; strong 
laemorj ; yet of great moJestj, piety, nnd bonovoloaoc" 

Mr, Cowell was an mdn&trioiia preacher- There 
lies l>efore me jl niemurandum, kept bylijin of 
the ]ilaee3 and texts of his preaobicy, from June, 
173r>, to Octoher, 17n7. In those twenty-two 
years there is aeUom a SiJjbath without its re- 
cord of service, besides the extra duties of eacra- 
mental eeasous and funerala- On a very fevr 
Sahliaths is the entry of '* noii v^Jiii," (not 
well,) and but one or two " procellosus," 
(stormy.) The only obscrrable blank ia from 
April 10 to June 5, 174S, which is iu^ountedfor 
by the Hue, " went to New-EopIaDd." He fre- 
quently admiaiatered the Lord's Supper at Mai- 
denhead and ITopewt?Il. Occasionally he sup- 
plied Fiaher'a Island^ Rocky Hill, Bristol, Bor- 
dentown, Wbippaiiy^ Elizabethtown, Abiugton, 
Nornngtfui^ Shrewsbury, Xesbnniiny, The few 
notes of fancnils in this little register, may be of 
8ome chronological use or family iutereat, 

ITaa, July7. Marj'Eli. 
1739, January 31. Armitagc- 
iTDOj February 0, f4coTgo Snow. 

1741, DoceDjl>er 20. Mrs, Greon. 

1742, January 10, Widow Furman. 
11 



^FPRQQ 


■ 


^^m 1^ FuncniK 


^ 


^^^^H 1742, April 14. Sl&ok'A wife. 


^^^^K 174Z, Jiilj lligbee. 




^^^^K 1742, September 6. Margaret. 




^^^^K 1743, Juno 10* Joncs^a cUUd. 


• J 


^^^^B 1714, March QL Widow Reed. 


J 


^^^^^B 1744, DecGmber 8. Mr. Yard. 


■ 


^^^^K 1T4a, JuriL^ n. Stu^jhen Roae, 


■ 


^^^^K 1^4T, Soptomber 22, Mrs. Snow. 


■ 


^^^^K 1747, October Ql. Mrs. Yard. 


■ 


^^^^^ 1 74D, July 30. Hut. 


■ 


^^B 1^40, November T. Ilowell'tf wife. 


■ 


^^H 1749, December IS. Mr. Gnflin. 


^^ 


^^H I750i Julj IB, Suaan Ouborn. 


■1 


^^1 L 750, Septeraber 1 7, Mr, PaxtoD. 


_ 


^^H 1751, J^tuarjf T. Mr. Tnylor. 




^^M 1752, Maj 1. Jobn Grccu, 




^^H lT53t January S. Kosc^a wife. 




^^H I7G4, Docombor 1, Wiltinm Green. 




^^B 1756, SepLi?mber 5. Mr. Dagwortby, 


1 


^H The "widow Furman^ iQ the Ibt is coinm&* [ 


^H morateii by Professor Kalm, who, among 


other 


^^ instances of American longevity, states, thut '^ on | 


^- January 8^ 1142, died in Trenton, Mi's, 


Sarah 


^H Furman, a widow, aged nmety-eeven years 


; leav- 


^H iiig aliye at the timeof lier decease fivechildren. 


^H eixty-one grand -children^ one hundred and 


eighty- 1 
t-great 


^1 two great-p;Tftnd-chUdren, and twelve grea 


^V grand-e)jildron"* 




^^^^^ • KbIkd'h Timreln toJ. ii- fi. 





Funeral Scnnoiip 147 



I The sermon of Jftnnjuy 31, 1739^ "was preached 

I a^ PenniDgtou, at the iDterment of tbe Eljer 
Euoch Armitage, and I quote a parage as a spe- 
cimen of tlie preacher^a style. The text was: 
"Nowlettest tbou thy servant depart in peace, 
accoi'diug to thy word," 



* 



'*Thc words of our text Mr. Armitago adopted na his 
own, and desired they might be diacoiirsed upon at hi^ 
fUneraL Thoso tuofit ficquaJnted with him testiaed Ida diti- 
pQsition far pcocB- CJod had givuu hiin by nsilure a calm 
Bnd quiet apLrit, which wa8 hia orainiejit and glory. He 
Wfts not Bul>iool to angor-heats mc] passions, a£ majiy othom 
ore, and lliis hftpj>y nnituPid tiJerit, flflaiatod and improved 
by II religifnia i>rijicipl« tind iho lovo of God, was so briglit 
and Hhlnin gj that hia iiioiJcration was known to all men 
who had the happiricaa of an intiraato acquaintance witli 
him. In bia dtalingA bo was strictly jupt and lioncet ; to 
thoae in distr^BS ohnritablo, and reodj to holp and aaaiat. 
In hlfl cODverHation be Wiut grave without moroasness, aDil 
pleasant without levity. From tbt; t|uicku05S of hia wit, 
and tbo strpngth and oloaraeM of lua judgment, ho wfts 
ready on nil oc<:aBioos to bring out of the good trcaaure of 
hi& heart tldngH new and old. The sum of hia religion was 
lovo to God nnd hifl neiglibor, without beittg rigid anil 
conleiitloua fur things indifferent. The goverumcnti of bin 
&mily was with the gieatest economy an(l religious order. 
Hia staled timoa for prayer, botb private and eooroti his 
thnea for instructing his family, for taking refreshment, 
and bia times for following ibo works of hiti caJIing, fol- 




148 



Armitage. 



lon'cd one another bo coortartTy by turns, und in the re- 
volution of ancb rortiun peiiixlrt, tliat they eeUom intej- 
fered, much kss joslkil oul cadi other ; aud aucb ft vein 
of religion rau throuj^h the ttliolc, that his life was like tliu 
iifo of Enofh^ whoee name he bore, a walking with God. 
If we consiiler him at church, we shaJl finJ he wfis con- 
stant and devout in ntlunclancie n[xjn Go'Vs |iuhUc worship* 
In the mimagomcnt of chnrcli affairs, which was eirlj com- 
mittor to him, and continued to the last, ho deservedly 
obtaiiiod tbat character of a good i;leward to he tuilbiai ; 
Qiid .IS his mnungemont was tho ]irodact of rt^llgious prin- 
ciples nnd a hoiitiiJ juflgiu<>nt, he had the }iat]r4rnr;tiDn tr> see 
Uiem approved hj the wisest men and the best Chnatiaus, 
8ucb a reliniiauSi hoiLG&t, and just walk in his own hotiso, 
and iu tho hou^e of God, procured to hini tho csteeni of 
persons of all persuasions and all charactera- If }ie uaa 
mnli^-nod hy any pclf-conceiteil brelhrtin, who nni their 
own ways, and give liking iintouothingbnt what is framed 
hj themsclvei?, and hammered on tboir anvil, afi their 
ignornileo was the cnufle, s^ that only can plead their l-k- 
onse. A soi'ereigu God gave him aueh a tidncial sight of 
Christ, find h\& own iitterost in him funnded on the divine 
prtjmises, that he ndopted the words of good old Simeon 
lor his own. He made it the buaineea of hia life to foLlonr 
peace wnth nil mon^ and it was hie grief his endeavors euo- 
0Ppd4?d no l>etler- Ho desired to die in poaoG, and to have 
a ho|>efuI prospect of peace after hi^ death. With respect 
to liimself, hifl prayer was eminently atiawcred. Wlien ho 
passed through the valley of death, God was with him. 
Death gave one friendly stroke, and it was over — so lliat 
Ike imher seemed to conqii^r^ than to bo overoome," 




Cowell's Will 



149 




One of the sennonB b marked as pteaobed on 
Friday, November 23, ]73t»,from the text of the 
cruciBed thieves, nuJ a uote is appendej, ^' Exe- 
cution, TrontoD " This was the execution which 
brought Whitefiekl to IVenton on the 2L&t of 
Novemljer, as jLlroaJy quoted from his journal. 

The only ntimes of miDtsters that appear qb re- 
lieving him in hia own pulpit through all those 
years, are Guilil, Huston, Leonard, Miller^ Phil- 
lijis of Boston^ MuDson of New-EoglaDd, and 
Spencer. 

Mr. Co well bequeathed fifty pouuds to "the 
Presbjterian cougregation of Trenton ; the prin- 
cipal to remaio good, and the interest thereof to 
be applied for the benefit of the cocgregatioa for- 
ever,'' Ho left an equal sum to the College of 
New-Jersey. The will was signed only four days 
before his death, "being sick nnd weak in body, 
but of peifect mind and memory," aad was wit- 
nessed by Samuel Tucker, Jr., Arthur Howell, 
Benjauiiu Yard, and George Davis, Many of the 
wUle recorded at that time have the aame reli- 
gious phraseology aa thatof Mr, Gowell, the testae 
mentaiy part of which begina thus ; ** Principally 
and first of ail I give and recommend my aoul 
11' 



ijo Archibald Home. 



into tlie baada of God that gave it; and for my 
body, I commit it to the earth, to be liuried in n 
Cbriatianly and decent manner, nothing doubt- 
iDg but at the general resurrection, I ahall re- 
ceive the same again by the miglity power of 
God." it is to be feared that the scriveners* 
pious formulas are not always snbacribL'd by tes- 
tators with as much sincerity, as they doubtless 
were in this good man's case- 

Among the few extant mannscrtpta of Mr, 
Ciiwell ja a fragment of notes of a funeral sermoD^ 
marked aa preached April 1, 1744, at the "bury- 
ing of Mr, Home." It contains an espression 
uf the preacher's intention "not to mahe enco- 
minms on the Honorable person to whoae re- 
mains we have been paying tbc last friendly 
office. That is a task to which I am on several 
accounts unequal. Besides, I humbly conceive 
the proper u,se to be made of instances of mor- 
tality, ia to instruct and exhort the living, accord- 
ing to that of the wiae man^ Ecclea. 7 : 2." 
This defonct was undoubtedly Mr Archibald ■ 

Home, who was Dejmty Secretaiy of the Pro- i 

vinoo in the time of Governor Morris, and who 
upon his recommendation to the Lords of Trade 
(October 18, 1740) wns appointed to a yeat in the 




Vault. 



*S^ 



Council, niflde vacflut by the death of Robert 
Lettis HoopRF** 

When the church was taken down in 1S05, a 
vanlt WAS discovored ando!' tho bi*oad aiale, con- 
tftiniDg the remains of two bodies in their re- 
spective coffins, the "dress and furniture" of 
which, (according to the papers of the day,) " and 
the habiliments of the coi-paes, denoted to have 
been pereoos of distiQctioii,"f A year after tie 
diacoveiy, another newEpaper made this publica- 
tion : " A gentleman, on whom we can rely, and 
who aaya he will vouch for the authenticity of hia 
dtatcment, informs ua, that the name of one of 
the persons found in the vjiult wan Fhkeman, a 
man of coneldernble oonnectioDa in the Westrln- 
dies, who removed to and resided at Blooms- 
bury with his family, and was interred about 
seventy ycai-a ngo. The other wbs Ajichtbald 
HtJTE, Esquire, a Scotchman of very coasiderable 
literary acquirements, and brother to the cele- 
brated Sir John Hume, who came over and re- 
aided in Trenton some months after the decease 
of hia bi'otbpr.";} 



• Tlia PapCTs oF Lonis Honia. Pp. U% 131, ai», 383, 

r Ti^toa FMcmlut, April 23, laofi. 

t Trenion TVue Anteriran. AprlJ 21^ ISOS " TTame," or "Ilnrnp/ is 



IS2 



Home. 



I have seen the will of Arcbibal J Home, which 
was made February 24, 1743, The device of the 
testator's seal is an adder holding a rose, which 
is the crest of a Home family, in which there are 
several baronets named Sir John ; bat I can not 
find any trace of Buch a resident in Trenton. 
Mr. Archibald Home bequeathed all his property 
to his brother James Home, Esq., of Charleston, 
South-Carolina. His executors were Robert Hun- 
ter Morria, Thomiia Cadwalader, and the legatee. 
The witnesses to the will were Joseph Paxton 
and Moreton Appleby. The probate was certi- 
fied October 5^ 1744, by " Jaiues Home, Secr'y " 
This auggeata the conjectnre that he was the 
brother reported in the newspaper aa " Sir 
Johu," and that upon removing from Charle§ton 
to Trenton, upon Archibald's decease, he was pnt 
into the vacant aeci-et^ryship. 

There is a tradition that connects one of the 
bodies in the vault with the family of Governor 
Ooaby- I supposed this to be a mistake of the 
name of Coaby for Morris, and that the j»eiw)n 
referred to was Mr. Home, until I fonnd the fol- 



tha Mine ikmUj-OMiia " Uy fatlicr'a Jbmllj is o biaodi ot the Barl 
drUamc'fl or HumoV* {Attiobioffropfij/ of David Swne.) 



Freeaian. 



S3 



lowing item in the Pmmylvania Gazette^ of 
March 7-14, 1V3T-38: 

"We liism from Trenton timt Thomiis FrcHMnan, Ea- 
quire, son-in-law to llio liile GoTcmor Cosby, died there 
on Salurdny loj^t ai\cr a low boiira* illuoss." 

This -wotild reconcile tie tradition with the 
newspaper paragraphs, and appears to identify 
the bodj. It 13 part of tlie old report, that one 
of the intepments was by torch-light. Mr, Cow- 
ell's memorandum shows, that Mr. Home's fane- 
ral-sermon was on Suujay, and was a second ser- 
vice on that day- Ou the remoyal of the site of 
the church in 1830, the vault was a second time 
examined, Ijefore it was carefully closed, bnt 
neither the inscription nor arms upon the mould- 
ering plate that waa found in it, could he deci- 
phered- That could scarcely have been a family- 
vault, in which any connections of such enomieg 
aa Morris and Cosby would he associated.* 

' CovOTDof 0o?Vj'3 wiTo tm ndougUcr of Lord HaliDu. Their eld«t 
ilaugitter ^aa married to a /oun^r son ot tha Duke of OrjinoTL 



The Ftbst CnABTEK of the Tsinn'o:? CnuRcn — 

TRUSTKEa, 

1^56—1760. 



It wflfl during the pastorate of Mn Cowell tliat 
the first charter of iDcorpotation was obtained, 
And his name stands first among tlie corporators* 
The date of this instniinentia September 8, 175G. 
It ruu3 in the name of George the Second, through 
tlie Provincial Governor Belcher^ and incor- 
porates 

The Rev. DiiTid CowoU, 

Chatloa Clnrk^ 

Andrew Reed, 

JoBcpli Yard, 

ArtliuT Uowoll, 

William Groen, 

AlerEmder ChamberB, 

and their enccessora, by the name of *'The 
Tmsteea of the Presbyterian Church of Trenton,'' 
The Charter fijUuwe the phraseology of others 



Firft Charter. 



155 



given tooar churches trnder the same admitiutra- 
tion * in the preambulary acknowletlgiDeat that 
" the ad^anoemcnt of true religion and virtue ia 

alfflolutely necessa-ry for the promotion of the 
peaeSj order, and prosperity of the State, and 
that it is the *liity of all Christian Princes and 
Governors, by the law of God, to doaU tliey c*ui 
for the eoconragenient thereof;'' and also that 
"the known loyalty of the petitiouerSj and the 
PreBbyteriaua In general, to iifl, their firm affec- 
tion to our person and government, and the Pro- 
testant succession in our royal house, gave the 
petitionera hopes of all reasonable indulgence 
and favor within the same colony, where the re- 
li^ons rights of mankind arc so happily pre- 
served, and where onr equal grace and bonnty 
to all our Protestant faithful subjects, however 
differing in opinion about lesser matters^ has 
hitherto been ao sensibly felt and enjoyed " 

Of the lay members of the first Board of 
Troateea I herewith furnish all the information 
within my reach. 

CoATtLES Clark came to Trenton from Long 
Island, and occupied a farm in the township near 




i^r. 



Clarks, 



the country chorcb. He ia recorded aa present 
at every meeting of the Trustees from 1757 to 
1775. On the night of the battle of Trenton^ 
Decemljcr 2r5, 177G, Lc met his death hy falling 
iuto the fire of Iiis own hearth. In 1777 his son 
Benjamin was elected v. trustee in his place. An- 
other son, Danielj was in the Board with his 
father frora 17GG to 178S, At the aniiiml meet- 
ing of 1777, " Daniel Clark and Benjamin Clark 
informed the Board that their father, Chai'lca 
Olarkj Eeq,, deceased, had left the cougreyation 
twenty pouuda, to be put at interest, the interest 
'to be annually applied towards the support of 
their niiriister. They produced the will of their 
late father, and paid the twenty pounds to Mr. 
Alexander Chambci^s^ who put the same to in- 
terest ta Mr. John Howell at six per cent" 

Benjamin died November 25, 17S5, in his 
fiily-fifth year. The Oaz^iie of the week says: 
"He served in tbe magistracy with reputation, 
both before and since the Revolution. The esti- 
mation he was held iti by the neighborhood was 
manifest from the numerous and respectable at- 
tendants on his funeral, and his losa will be sen- 
sibly felt, not only by his family but by the 
Churchj and the county in which he lived.** 




Reed— Yard— HowelU 



>57 



Of Andrew Reed, tlie next on the list of 

truatees, I have given nil I know in a previous 
chaptj^r. There nre blonea m the Treiitou cliupch- 
j'tfirG, marked, Surab, wife of Andrew Ret^d, 
March 15, 1739 ; Ann, daughter of Andrew 
Ee^d, July 4^ 1757, leL 14; and three infant 
Reeds, Francis, Soptember 12, 17-17; Thomas, 
February 7, 1754 ; Andrew, Jr., July 7, 1 75b!. 

JotiEi^ii Yard belonged to a family, which ap- 
pears among the earlieat settlers ofTrcnton, and 
spreail into numerous branches. It la aaid that 
there was a doubt whether the name of Yard 
Lad not a snpeiior claim to that of Trent for the 
new locality. Oar trnstee came from England 
with hia four brotheraj Benjamiu, WiUiam, John, 
and Jethra. Benjamin was an elder of this 
church in 17C5, and it ia probably hia death 
which 13 recorded as having taken place in Octo- 
ber, ISOS, in bis ninety-fourth year, Joseph 
acted as trustee until 1TG3, and was Clerk of 
the Board. 

Aethub Howell's name appears ou the mi- 
nutes of May 8, 1 702^ for the hiat time. On the 
sixth of December of that year his will was be- 
fore the surrogate, Hia "truaty and belured 




iss 



Green — Ch:im be rs. 



friend Obajiah Howell" was one of his exe- 
cutors. 

William GitEio; was in office antil lT6i, This 
fiiniily, like the Howella and Yarib, is too rami- 
fled to be tmceJ for any olgect of tLe pr&^ent 
work. 

Alkxandhk Chambkrs, the last-named corpo- 
i-ntor, belonged to a family which haa its fifth and 
oi\th generations to represent it at this time. 1 
avail myself of a paper prepared by Mr, John S. 
Chmnbere, to furnish all the lafonnatioD ncoes- 
Siviy to my pnrpoM. 

" Jclin Ch^mbcrti., the nncostor of llie ChajTibora fitnuly 
of Tri!Uton, caniif to Aii]eri.G;L irom Lliu coiialy uf Antrim 
la tbc north of Irelaa^, about tlic yoir 1730. 

^ Ills tombstone EtonJs noar tbo pro^ut i^burcL -edifice 
in good prcficrvatios, by ihQ inscriplion on wliich it Eip|x«ars 
that h& died SDptooibtsr 19th, 1747, At the ftge of seventy 
)rear& 

'^ TIq bad Bevtr:il cbilbTiii» of wLom liis eon Al^x&nder 
ooDtinucd lo live in TVeclon. Aleswidcr was bu scooiQd 
sou, Mid was bom in Ireland in tbe year I7IB, He waa 
ono of tbt? first trn^to^ named in the Cb&iicr of thd Pns- 
bjterianClmrchof TrontODjgiTtfn from the King tlirou^h 
Gov. 13cklicr, imd bdd the offic<) ironi September SlL, 
17^0, mLtU bifi licjith, Scptt^mber Ititb. 1T0$« a period of 
aU whioJi lime, as is bUowb bv the 



Chambers. 



159 



Trnstecfi' Book of MinatM, hh natno ia recorded ns preseol 
nt every moeling of iho Board- He wbs elected Troaaurer 
of the Board May etti, I7ee, and perlbrraod the diitips of 
that office till Augost l^t, 171)6, ii period of thirty years, 
when ho reaigQcd ou aocomit of his ndTancing age He 
was also chosen Preaidcnt of IhoBoarcl on the Bthof May, 
1783, whioh office he filled till hia dcatbj a period of fifteen 

"Hp vns by occupation n liimer, ppinrjing-whcel mid 
chair-maker. He hudt the hrJck honso on tho comer of 
Slato and Willow etreets, for many years used aa a store, 
and knoi^Ti aa Charaters' Comer, and carried on store- 
keopUi^ in the old mud hoasa built by hb futlier, ^hicli 
stood adjoining. 

"Ha died Sept I6th, 1^06, at the nge of olghlyawo, and 
Uca buried i^ear Lia fjithcr in the church-yard. The fii'sl 
Ijcque^t in hig rfl 10 iii theao words ; 

" ' Item. I give nnto the Profibyterian Church in Tren- 
ton, Thirty Pounds, to he pot at interest, and the interest 
to go lownrda the support of a minisTor, Haid Tliiny 
ids to be paid to the Trustees one year iiflcr my de- 



*'Aloxaiidor Chambora left eevoral children. Two of 
iho eons, John and Aleiander, remainod in Tronton. 
John earriod ou the trade of hia father at his owu shop at 
the head of town iii Warren streot. Alexander conTerted 
the hrick honao built hy his father on the conier of State 
and Willow sUoets into a ittorc, and carried on an exten- 
MTc bn?iiute3 fur many years, IIo ivas the Gret to eetab- 
Liah Bloom^hury na a port for sloops, and built a wharf and 
Storehouse there about the year 1 tioa ; tho trnnstxirtation 



i6o 



Chnrnlicp;, 



bitaiiiesd hnring Wen prevjoualy con<Iu<:lcil at Lainlwrton* 
nbout a mile belev. 

^^On tho 7i)i of An^Gt^ ITOO, about a your ntlfrr tho 
iloatli of hie liiJber, he was choaon n Inisltt, sjid w> con- 
tinued itU bm dcnib in l&'24, a p<>rio<1 of twcnty-tivoycArs. 
Jn|«iS.Cliniub<'ra,gonoi"[,bel.'ist-ineiilJouc'ilJolmC!iamb*'r*i, 
Has cboacQ a truatec NovcnibtT 24Ui, 1823» ami so ctm- 
tinacJ till Ills deiilb in Novcmbor, 1834, a period of dcYCii 
yoarft ^ ibr Ibc lut two of wbiob he wiu also Prvddoct of 
tbu Bonnl, bnTingbcm elected i<>tbat office Octoberiatb, 
isaz.*' 

To tills I may adil tliRt the son of tho last- 
named, who furniMbes tliis paper, b the present 
Clerk of the Boanl. There was a John Cham- 
bers ID the eldership in lTGO-4. Mycorrespond- 
ent aays: 

" 1 have not yel nscertmnod wbf tbu eldor^ Jobn C'bazn- 
hun, w&«. It b ^videst from the dntes ho could not haT» 
V^n the ancestor wbo first ram^ over, a4 I at linit snp- 
|»08ed." 

According to the terras of the chartor^ tbe 
neven trn^iuea were to hold tlieiv oSil^p until tho 
first Tuesrlny of Jutje, 1757, wlien oiid tliercafter 
the trustees were to l)e trlect^fd I>y "the Minister, 
Elders, and Deacons of tlio said Preshyterian 
Clnirch and Congrogation" This unpopular 
feature urecclemafitical ixirporations pa^ed avray 



Officers. 



l6i 



in due time, together with the loyalty to the 
house of Hanover; but the nunister^ elders, and 
dcacoQS continued, until after the independence, to 
elect the tiustees^ of whom the nuriUter himself 
wsiA usually one, and also President of the Board. 
As STich, he was constituted by tlie charter keeper 
nf the Ixfolts, seat, and all p:ipeis of the corpo- 
ration,* In IIW the pastor was Treaaurer m 
well 39 Presiilcnt. 

In 17*jO, June 12^ John Chambers, John Hen- 
drickaon, and Stephen Koae were " choaen 
elders," and on the same day is this entry on the 
tmstees' minutes: "Memorandum, that it la 
agreed by the congi'cg'ation now met, that the 
Preebyteriiin Congregation of Trenton shall an- 
nually meet on the first Tuesday in June to 
clioose elders, and that then the minister, elders, 
and deacons shall proceed to the choice of trus- 
tees of said Presbyterian church." From this 
provision, and occasional subsequent records, it 
Heenis that there was for a time a depnrture from 
the principle of our church, that the lay-elder- 
ship, like the clerical, is perpetual, and is not 
open, even as to the exercise of the office, to re- 



• Tha orig'miil Churlar ii elUI prosorvod. 



It la rcoorded \n lIi»Jc Q. 




i62 OflBcers. 

peated elections, as is the cnstom of oar sister 
Presbyterian Chnrch, the Reformed Dtit<^, It 
must be remembered that this was nearly thirty 
years before the canetitatian of our American 
Church was framed. 

In 1700 the name of Moore Fnrman appears in 
the Board in the place of Andrew Reed. In 
1762, Obadiab Howell filled the vacancy made 
by the death of Mr. CowelL A personal notice 
of Mn Furman will come in more appropriately 
under a later date. Obadiah Howsll waa a 
tmatee until 1770. He lived on a farm which is 
still in the family, on the Scotch road on the 
borders of Trenton, 



MnnsTRY OF the Kev. William KiRKPATRicik 
— Hm HiSTOJiY. 



■ 



1760— 176C. 

Soon after the Eev, Mr, Coweirs withdrawal 
froDj tlie jwistorate, and tefore Lis decease, th© 
attention of the people, perhaps at his suggestion, 
was turned towarils Mn William Kirkpataick 
jis his successor. 

Neither thcplacc nor time of Mr. Kirkpatrick's 
liirtli ig known. Judging from his age^ as given 
without dates on his grave-stcne, he was born 
about 1V26, He probaMyhad not a liberal edn- 
catior hi the nsnjil age^ as he was at least thirty 
years old when be took hia Bachelor's degree at 
Princeton. This was with the clasa of 1?57, a 
year rioted in the college history as that io which 
it was removed from Newark to Princeton, and 
in which its distinguished President Auron Burr 
died. Among his class-mates were the yonng men 
afterwords eminent ag Governor Joseph Reed, of 



K 




i64 



Kirkpatrick and 



Pennsylvania, and the Eev. Alexander Moc- 
wliorter, D.D., and in the class next below his 
were John V. and William Tennent, sons of the 
Kev. AVilliam Tennent, Jr. It was in the March of 
that year that the College was blessed (according 
to tlie language of Gilbert Tennent) with " an 
extraordinary ajipearance of the divine power 
and presence there."** In the next year, (June 
13 and 14, 17r>S,) at the meeting of the Presby- 
tery of New-Brunawickj which was the first after 
the union of the Synods of New-York and Phila- 
delphia, and when Mesai-3, Cowell and Guild had 
been transferred to it from the Presbytery of 
Philadelphia, Kirkpatrickf and Macwhorter were 
tulcen uiulor trials as candidates for the ministiy. 
Upon thoir preliminary (.examination the Pres- 
hytory prononnoed tiieraselves " well pleased that 
th<^y can with so great freedom encourage them 
in tUoir iler^ii^n " The theme for Kirkpatrick's 
cxt'j;;iMs was *' an certihido suhjectiva salutis sit 
i\v rsNi'iitia lidri jnstilicanlis:'* his trial text was 



iirtml i»r 1^-' pIjUi" uT (liiu)C« to |Jr KiuU'y, wliii-li irf |>riuii\l in Dr, Alcx- 
lUuWr'fl "Uig CullV|^^" liw HtiT~8. La (luit lolk^r Lo mcuiioafl that 
liirth oT hit «0W^ J«bn UA VUUam, wofe p«mkvni '' ^r Otrr ehovcr ot 



ihi i«fU«rnlAn4i<<& 




^ 



Macwhoiter 



165 



Ronj. 3 : 98- On the 25tli of the next mootli, 
the Presbytery mot at PrincetoB, when no other 
business was attended to but the heiiring and ap- 
proving of the compositions of the two candidate^j 
and giving them texts for further csercisee. 
Tliesewere heard on the 15th August, at Fmce- 
ton ; Kirkpatrick's second tnal text was Philip- 
piana 4:5; and the coarse of trials being com- 
pleted^ they were licenaedj and both of tLfm 
were imnicdifttcly sent out to snpply vacant con- 
gregations till the Pall Presbytery, liirkpati'ickV 
appoiutmeuta were to Oxford, Forks of Delaware, 
Greenwich, Bethlehem, Kingwood, and wher- 
ever else lie ehonld find opportnnity. In Octo- 
ber he was appointed to the same circuit, with 
Shrewsbury added to the places named. 

In the early p;irt of 17ri9 he wrote the fullow- 
itg letter to Dr, Bellamy, of Connecticut :** 

^'Novi-ork, Ft^b, 12, 1750. 

"Bew Asn WORTHY Sui 1 I lUmk, if I rtuiemlitfrrigbt, T 
camo niidor Tt protcTso of writing to J'oti, whicli^ if made, 
I am uow ah[)utp lo fallilL 

" 1 rcmembijr wc Liul f^omu conversatitm about Gooi'ge'a 
Town oa Kennebcfk livcr wben I wna with yon. I hftytj 
einoo scoq a man who oacc livud on tbo spot^ vho socniB ti> 



I 



• Iq tlio rnMJUBcript coUecliOM of Iha Prosbjtarinn HiatoriaJ floriraly. 



i66 



Letter to BclLimv. 



bo nil i&tclligoQi, sober man, and bi« nccount of tliAt people 
disooiLrn^AfroTJL t^jQiights of sclUuif;;tl)oro- ll(* say^ thoy 
»rc A remarkably ccmtemioas, brawling, difli^iili [«?u|4u,nml 
that uoiniuifittr <-nn liave ntiveomfort,or be longiiacfiil w\^A\ 
them. I biivi> b:iil an iBvilalirtri fnjiu llie Preabyterj' ol 
New CftsUcj O^r wbidi Mr. Fiotcj la a inomboTt) to comn 
nndor their caro, uid !<cttlv Aiaong tbc-m, bUoiJ J Proviiicnco 
op«Ti a WQy for it, Likowiuo 1 hrkvc bnd & irrobfltioDiLry 
ca)1 frora a phicc under ibe caro of our o^rn I'rosbyter)', 
(viz., Now-BmnswicV,) And nnoihor of Uie snmo Vitiil 
from a (longrt'^riliim near KliKflbftliLon~D m York I*re*by- 
tery boun Jt, I havo nL»t yol eccu lay way clear to accept 
of an invitation ftom anj of thcflo pliiccs, but cooliunc io 
ittncrat<^ nincinK the small vacancies toworda llio frunlkm 
of tUis Proviufitf. Ifany door of wore ©itonflivoQjiofiibiL'SM 
oponi witli you, 1 would bo vory glad if you would 
UiVe care to inform mc; Tfiy kdiiintionH lead mo iJ]u«)i lo 
NoW'Englanil, If you can send a k'tlpr lo this place frotn 
whence 1 write, or to Mr. Ilnzartl^a in Xew-Yorli, directed 
to me at I'linccton* it will soon conio to hand, Howei^irr 
1h« matt(u- EtjiTid^, [ vouJd l>u very glad of a loiter from 
yoii, at least hcforo tho iitling of otir ProsbyUiry, (iho 
third wetrk iti Jiiut?,) 

*' I am ifltely informed llint some of tJic Lnistocft of onr 
Collego havo nont amcaflcngi?r ye^^ttrday fj Mr, DiivjMt a 
third time lo invito hka to tho PrcEidL-otsUip of oar Col- 
ic}^ ailop two former dcniula — *Pe ivail the event. Mr. 
Orct-Ti pri-'tido* jtro rein^wrf. I have latJiJy heard flbm 
good Mr. t'lnley t1i:it liu w veil. 

*• Iltligi^jn i» hvti.' ill a luW obi, Trulli ia fallen in fhv 
otTMUi ami C4|uiiy can not etitcr. Chnr^tiann faJloa f^ni 



■ 



H 



Calls. 



167 



Xbair lirBb Jovo, and tioq tnitmpUntiL Aspiril of dcftdncBa 
preTmla. How long, Lord, how long? 

^* Bill bomg ilk gri?at liuny, I can not adJ auy more^ biit 
solutatioiiH Iti 3Iis, Bellauiy^ U^sL rcBj^cctfl Li> JVlr. WeUs nnil 
Mr. Day, wltli aflccttoDate duty and regard lo jourstjif 
from 

'* Her. air» your unwortLy son and servaot, 

In June, 175',), the united cougregatiora of 
Betlileliem and Kingwood brought a call for 
Mr. Ku^kpatrick. There wan also a requestor 
" eiipplicatiou," as sucli petitions were callei3, 
from the people of Tohikaii (or TehickcnorTini- 
com) that he shoukl supply their pulpit. But 
the SynoLl, wlich in thoae days often exercised 
ivhat are now considered Presbytcrial preraga- 
tives, har], in its aesaious a mouth l»pfgre, made 
other arrangements for the Presbytery's proba- 
tioner.* It ^*ordcrcdj that Meaars. MacwLortcr, 
Kirkpatrlek, and Lattu, take a jonrney to Vir- 
ginia auj Cui'olioa, aa soon as tliey can thb sum- 



• Preabjteriea wrnjkl aol ftjrSwtiou^ Lixi. Thus In October, nec, n 
F«qucil VI19 prcBOLJl^l h^r Jamb H^uit«r^ n menibur tf llopencU pnd 
UkMeoheud coiigreg^tiouff " tliat for Orn saki? oT Ilia couveuitucr vt Ubi 
fiMoilj, Ihe Prtahyitfy would plonBi? IfrillsiniH Lim from the BTot^g^ 
UODgrogatiou, (nlucL yoL bo profi^HctL a rcffor'l to,) t]iHt ho inhj jniti wiUi 
AcuTTfill; nod Lliu Fn.'£byCi^r;lukiD|cmUicanjiH]GriLlIi>iLB^rLH4Uoia, judgu 
U to 1/0 ri'ji^aablo, e^ql) gTDul it," 



i68 



Ordinations. 



rciei'j or ensuing fnll, antl spend aome months in 
those parts ;^ and the Synod *' farther consider- 
ing the destitute condition of Hanover, and th« 
uncertainty of their being euppliedj if suppliers 
are lefb to their own discretion, respecting the 
time of their going to Virginia," directed that 
Kirkpatrick should he nt Hanover by the third 
Kabbath of July, to be followed by the tiro other 
licentialea in September and November ; and 
their respective Presbyteries were counselled to 
"take care that theao gentlemen fulfill this ap- 
pointment, and neither prescribe nor allow them 
employment in our bounds, so aa to disappoint 
this our good intention" The direction of 
their wark was to lie with the Presbytery of 
Hanover, which belonged to the same Synod* 
Deferring to the supeiior authority, the Presby- 
teiy took no order upon the Tohikan supplica* 
tioc, but directed their two probatiouei^ to sup- 
ply vacancies as far as they could before thoir 
journey South. 

In view of their mi^ion^ the Presbytery de- 
termined to hasten their ordination. They gave 
to Kirkpatrick for hia trial sermon the t«xtj 
** The poor have the Gospel preached to them;" 
and for a Lntin exegesia, the perseverance of the 



Calls- 



i6y 



saints* These were presented at Craabury, 
July 4, 1750, ami both Kirkpatrlck and Mac- 
wlorter were orclainiid on that day. After all, 
none of the three fulfilled the tiynod's nppoint- 
ment ; but whatever were their reasooti, (Mac- 
whoiter'a wa3 his coll to Newark,) they were 
admitted to be suiEcient by the Synod, at their 
annual mcieting in 1700. Mr. Kirkpatnck, in 
the mean lime^ had declined the Bethlehem and 
Kiugwood call ; and had received one fi'om 
Hanover, Virginia. 

The Trenton congregation now first signified 
their inclination to him. On the day (March 11, 
1760) on which the Pre&bytcry released 3Ir, 
Cowell from that charge, they were petitioned to 



■ A Bemnd px«g«!^ uflod to be rpqaired of csodiddlf^ ijo«irI« cho 
one givou for !iccEUiiiro. Tbo Ulnutos of tL^ rrcaljjtcry of Ntir-Urucia- 
wick for Octubitr, 1761, prjTid^uj? Inula fur ccrlnin liiranLiuWs lii virw of 
orJiEiatioa, bL'iIq " tlist tlioso tJirce TOUDg gcnilomuD ropTvsoiitr^d to tUo 
Vreaityttrf tini'ir grtat Hiti^c and contiaaoil hvnj in rliliug itum pIjhm 
to plnCG, null bt^^geiE lo he G?r^50d from m^iltltig lyiegcppti, an nsiirH t>e- 
fon ordinatiOD, nnd thoeo Uielr rcquesla wum gnrntod-" In the last cea* 
tUTj n bnuicb of irkl wus sciJiistlEnoa [3LruilU[]ed, whirh would Hcarwly 
Iko coD&idcrcd rovepQUt now. In tlio litonRiire of CliarbB Tonnoat, hy Uio 
Prcebytpiy of Philndclpbin in 1739, reeonl is mad? of " n prcvloua IcbL 
cfhia ability in prm/iT-'* Ttip fiTtnrainationi on wJLolarBliip wpromoro ?pc- 
ciQi: LLau niUi ua; fer r^nmplc, LaLtn nnd Andensoi^T at gne dvderiuii, 
WcfB eianiiai'd on " LtJgic, Poi^iinialk^ OJid Ontology." (Socomt Fr«. 
bflcfyoT Pbiladvtpb^ ITS^.) 
18 



170 



Chapiaincy. 



send Mr. Kirkpatriek to supply llie pulpit, and 
he vftxs accordingly du-ecled to preach tliero "ae 
many Babbatiis im may consist witli hia other 
ohligatioua between this and the nest Presby- 

Bntanotlieranil diflerent kind of field was invit- 
ing liira. The French war, though near ita closf^, 
was still calling out the loyal colonists to the fron- 
tier*. Kirkpatriek, tliniugh his associations with 
Hanover Presbytery, may have caught the mar- 
tial spirit of Buch sermons of Daviea, as the one 
we read "on the t'lu'se of cowardice," preached 
^' at a general muster, Mny S, 175&, \yith a view 
to riuse a company for Captain t^amuel Meredith," 
or the one "preat-hed to Caj)tain Overton's inde- 
pendent company of volunteere" Bat in the 
French and Itevolutionary wars our clergymen 
required no special stitnulua to accompany the 
troop?, at least as chaplains. All we know of 
KirkpatriiJc'a engagement is derived from this 
entry on the minutes of his Synod, May 21, 
1160: 



^^^T\b allowed ibat MoAars. Aleiftnder MoDowel and 
Hector Alboii go us clmpIiuuB to tbo PennsjhiuiLi force*, 
and tbnt Mr^ Kukpatrick go wilt the ^^ew-Jersey forces, 

thd earning camp:ugii." 



Supplications. 171 



That bis absence was not espetited to be long, 
18 intimated by the recommetdation subjoined 
by the Synod, *'that Mr. Kirkpalrick pay a visit 

to the people of AVitidhani on his return." ir he 
went at the time mentioned, he was back in sea- 
son for the meeting of Presbytery in Princeton, 
Febmary 3, 1761, at which he was clerk. 

Supplications were made to Presbytery from 
vanons quarters for bis services as a supply, or as 
a candidate for BGttlement; and on the 28lh 
April, 1761, a regular call n-aa presented from 
the TrentoTi congregation. No further orderwas 
taken in regard to it at that meeting, but it waa 
probalily with a view of affording an opportunity 
of making up his iniud, that the Presbytery ap- 
pointed Mr. Parklmrst, a new licentiate, to snp- 
ply four Kabhnths at Trenton, and deferred giv- 
ing Kirkpatrick any nppointnient till the meet- 
ing in the internals of the next Synod, 

At that S^Tiod (May, 1701) we Unil Mr. Kirk- 
patrick one of a committee of nine to whom was 
referred the consideration of what ivas to be done 
for the better support of John Brainerd, wlio had 
left Newark at the solicitation of the Indiana, made 
destitute by the death of his brother David, and 
Lad liet'ome his successor in the mission. Cross- 




Crofs wicks. 



wifks, a place Lallowed la tlie lueruory of tlie 
whole Clmrcli by tbcae nasociations, is hut eight 
miles from Trenton, and Mr. Kirkpatrick appears 
to have hfld the leadiug of the basinesa devolved 
on him, as, though Inatnamcd on the committee, 
the overtni'e, urging an ndditior to the missionaiy 
force as well as the ftindp, is minated as coming 
from him. The Synod, however, concluded that 
nSjftft^^r all their iiirpiiry, no new missionary pre- 
sented himself, they could do no more than direct 
a hundred and fifty pounds to be raised for Mr. 
Braii](^rd for the i?iisuing yenr. Two years after 
this, (May, 1T63,) when the Synod appointed 
Messrs, Brainerd and Bentty to visit "the dis- 
tressed frontier luhabitaDta and to report their 
diatresaes," and also what opportunities were 
opeued for the Gospel among the Indian nations, 
Mr, Kirkpntrick was made the alternate of either 
who might faih 

Between the honr^ oecapied by the Syuod at 
th« session of 1761, the Presbytery had a special 
meeting, in the proceedings of which Mr- Kirk- 
[intiit^k was an interested party. The minutes, 
(IrawTi probably by Ins own hand, as he was 
clerk, ai'e thus ; 

" A)>|ii1icfttiAm wi^fv tcjiilir from EhEib^iliromi, Rnins^ 



Trenton Call, 



17.3 



^-ict, and DcLTfield for tho labors of Mr, Kii-kt>ali4ok till 
our nflit Fall ProB^ylon". Tlio ProabyU'ry contludo lo 
leftve the (li^^^o^il of Ids lime i^niJTely lu liiiiiaulf, as he h 
siip[H>iefl lo be btst ai?iiiiriintE?(l with tbt nocp9*iily of 
llese vacancies ; ami the Presbyli-Ty advise tliese vacan- 
cies not to inatst upon Km tarrying long among them, un- 
less thoy dc'sjgn to ]iut in n call for him ; as they LlecUre 
tills to bo thcii' dt^sigDf and hij njipi^rtr^ disposLtl for 
settle men I. " 

It wouIJ aeem from this, though tliere i» no re- 
cord to the effect, that tlic Tpontoa call had not 
lieen accepted. Neither was it cledioeLl. From 
the complexicn of the proceeLlinga all tlirongh 
these years, and from the subsequent transactions, 
I should juflge that Mr, Kirlcpatrick preferred 
Trenton, but that the eongregjition were 60 back- 
ward on the point of salary or other arrange- 
ments, that he held the matter in suspense. Per- 
haps the minute last copied wa^ ingeniously 
worded by himself so fts to sugge**t motivas to 
the people of Trenton to be more ia earnest, if 
they wished their call to he preferred above the 
others that w*;re coming in at every Presbytery. 
Tliat that peoplo Bnppoaed they hod a special 
claim upon him^ ia seen in the tenor of the pro- 
ceedings of a special meeting aummoued for Au- 
la* 




t7 



74 



Kirkpatrirlc 



gnsl 11, IVGl, at Trenton, to dispose of n fresh 
invitatiot], 

"A call wasbrciiglit inbyOnpt. Snmiifl Slorrie nnti Cupt. 
Wm. Craighead, commiseionera from the congrogfiUon of 
IlanovQr, in ViT^initt^ floliciling the scitlempnt of Mr. 
Kirkpntn(vk nrnong; tbem M tlieir niinistrr, wlileli waa 
objfcttd to hy llie coiigregatiou of Trenton ; and llic 
Prosbytei?, Laving dclibt;ratcly heard and rantarcly ot>n- 
pidortnl iho arenimt^nts \xn<.\ rtasons offert-d by both pjirties, 
and baviBg Jikewiao bnd a. dedarfttion by Mr. Kirkjjatriclc 
of his APTtiments and inctinalioiiH relntlve to tbo c^ase, imme 
to tlio ibllu\ving conclusiou, uaracly, tli/it, oltbougb tbej 
woulJ gladly coTiciu-with ibc coDgrcgsLlion of llonovcr in 
their c^l, yet as tbcy (^an not tbink tl Ibcir duty to ap- 
j>oiat Mr. Kirk|Kitriok contrflry to bis own inctination nrd 
judgnieiiL to settle among tbem, tbty jii'lge ibiit it is in- 
expc^lient to present Iiim tbc aaid call." 

It appears, therefore, that he continued to 
serve the Trenton eoDgrcgatioii without instftll- 
mfnt; tnt took Lia shore with the other mem- 
bera of the Preshyteiy and Synod in giving an 
occaRiioniJ Sabhalh to the numeroua vacancies in 
their extended bounds. Among the places thus 
visitetl by him from time to time were Monnt 
Ilullr, Hardwick, Smithfield, Springfield, Black- 
river,- Bnrhngton, Bristol, Amwell, Williams- 
burgh, (Virginia,) Second Cl]iirch Philadelphia, 



4 



and Presbyter^', I75 



Bonndbrook^ Teliiclccn. At one time, (November 
5, 1703,) tlie Preahyteiy of Phllailelphin, bc-ing 
applied to by tin? Rev, Gilbert Tenueiit tor a sup- 
ply for bis pulpit cluring a ^vinter, on account of hig 
ill-health, tlie Presbytery advised the congrega- 
tion to ask tbe Presbytery of New-Bmnswick, 
to allow Measra. Kirkpatrick and Euccb Green to 
supply them as mack as they can, 

TuwarJe the enA of tbe year (1761) conimis- 
flioners fj^om the Trenton congregation appear to 
Iiave proposed to tbe Presbytery some advance 
on tbe amount of salary previously oftertiil to 
Mn Kirkpatrick. The Presbytery expressed their 
gratification at the exertion made to this end, 
but pronounced tbe ** mediam proposed " to be 
ini*uflieieiit. As* the t^onimiseionei-s^ however, hnd 
given their reason to hope tliat a still further ef- 
fort would be made for *^ said medJum^s being in- 
creased/' Presbytery ailvised Mr. Kirkpatrick to 
offlciate among tbem until tbo next Spring 
meeting. 

At this meeting (December 1, ITSl) President 
Finley wa3 received from the Presbytery of New- 
castle, and he ami Mj-. Kirk]»:itrickivere deputed 
to draw up and present an address to Governor 



2 



,76 



Parsonagp. 



Handy, on hh accession to the adminiatration of 

the Pi\>vince. 

lu the spriDg (Apiit 20, 1T62) no better pro- 
poaala were received from Trenton. The Pres- 
bytery coiifesaL^d great embarrassment as to their 
course, but finally guve their unnnimous advice 
to Mr. Kirkpatrick to accept the call. He com- 
plied with the advice, but no directioa was given 
for matallmeDt, 

Ail inipurtaiit loenaure, however, wns tak*fn by 
the congregation, iDiiiK^diately after tbia meeting, 
towards encouraging the permanent settlement 
of their minister. This was tbe purchase of a 
pai-sonoge. The people bought a lot on the 
north side of Hanover street, which runs in the 
rear of the church, sisty-Sve feet front, and about 
one hundred and sixteen feet in depth, contftining 
twenty-eight perches of land, on which was a 
dwelliug-honse. This property was conveyed to 
the trustees by deed of Stacy Beaks, and his 
mother Mary Beaks, a widow, Way 3, 17C2, for 
the consideration of two hundred End sBventy 
pounds, proclamation money, ^* to be and remain 
for a pai-sonage fc»r the Presbyterian congregation 
of Trenton forever, and the use, benefit, and profits 
thereof tr» be heh! and enjoyed by the Preahy- 




Calls. 



1 77 



tcrmn minister of Trenton, that shall be regularly 
C^leil hj the Pie.shyterlan congi'egation of Ti*en- 
ton, and approved by the Presbytery of New- 
Brunswick-*' 

Mrty, 1 76:5, brought another trial of the strength 
of Kii"kpatrick*a nttachmont toTrentoii- Thiawas 
in the shape of a petition from the congregation 
nf Huutitigtcnj Long IshiuJ, that he sbould be al- 
lowed to settle there as the assit*tant or colleague 
of the Kev. Mr, Prime, ivho was disabled hy age 
niid mfinuitles for the pastoral service. The de- 
cision oa tins application was deferred till Jane, 
when be was allowed to relieve Mr, Prime for two 
Sabbaths in July. Tliis was followed in August 
by an application in person by Dr. Zophar Piatt, 
on behalf of the Huntington congregJition. To 
this oral call the Presbytery objeetetl that it was 
too informal and inJefinito ; there wrva no liberty 
fitim tlie Presbyttry uf Suftblk, no mention of the 
capacity in which Kirkpatrick was desirecl, whe- 
ther as stated supply, sole pastor, or colleagae. 
Moreover, the Trenton difficulty ejciate*! here also; 
*^ the Presbytery look upon the proposed medi- 
um of support to Ife in^nfticient" and therefore 
conld not encourage Mr. Kirkpatrick to mate a 
change. Immediately afterwanlg, liowever, upon 




,78 



Harkcr- 



a petition from L^mdon county, Virginia, for a 
caiidulate or supply, Kirkpiitricli, among otliei"s, 
was directed to ^' pay a visit llicre as soon as pos- 
sible, and tarry ft number of Sabbatlia at discre- 
tion.*' Tbe Eer. Messii^. McKnight, Hait, Ten- 
neots Senior and Janior, and Guild were ap- 
pointed to supply Ilia pulpit five SalibsitLs. 

Tbe Sj'nod of 17G3 brought to a final issue a 
series of investigations into certnin errtmeous 
ojnuiDiia of the Rt'v. SaoiuM Hfirker, and of con- 
ferences witli him, whicb had occupied eome por- 
tion t>f their nttention at every meeting since 
that of 175S, wlieu the case was first brought to 
the Synod'a notice by the Presbytery of New- 
Brunswick, of wliicli he waa a member- Finding 
him the more mischievoaa and obstinate for their 
forbearance, tbe Synod prononnced him diaqimli- 
fieJ from ext^rcising his ministry- This decision 
coming to the Presbyteiy, they directed Mr. 
Kii^kpatrick to go as soon as porisible to Mr. Har- 
ker's congregation, fElackriver,] '^ warn them not 
to receive hia doctrine^ or receive hi^^ miniatra- 
tioBs, vindicate the conduct of the Synod^ signify 
tbe paternal care of the Presbytery over them, 
and inquire whether they nro resolved to abide 
nnder our care ; that if so, we may order them 




PrcabytcTy, 1763. 



179 



supplies," At the nest meeting Kirkpatinek re- 
ported that ho Iiad fulfillecl his appointment, and 
that the con2reQ:Ation were in sncli a confused 
and divided state, they were unaUe to form a 
d etc nni nation. 

At the Octoher meeting of 17fi3 the Tr&ntou 
congregation is again before Presbytery vith 
an application for ibe installment of their favorite 
Djiaister, now in thtj fourth year of his service as 
their supply, lie declined to accede to the pro- 
position ; but no clew h given to liis reasons be- 
yond the atfltement, ^Uhat he could not in the 
present situation of affairs.'' At the same time 
he ^ave no intimation of wlthilrawinir from the 
place, or of a '^■illiugnesg to yield to any of the 
numeroua invitations that had come to him from 
other quartei-s. Tlie Court was perjdeied- They 
declared they could advise neither tbe people 
nor their called minister to proceed any further 
toward'^ the iustallation, but rather iuellned to 
the opinion that by mutual consent both parties 
should allow " things by a natural and easy chan- 
nel to return to their former state and situation.'' 
What follows in the minute doea not help to 
thro^v light upon the difficultiesof the c^iae- *'If 
thiB advice be complied with by the Baid pai-tie?, 



* 



i8o 



Trustees. 



the Presbytery foresee, tbat a congregation wUl 
become a vacancy of whom they bacl entertaiuei! 
hopes that they might have been bappily and 
peiTnaneiitly settled, whicli is to them a very cli&- 
agreeable jirospet^t. But if thisshouhl finnUybe 
the event, the Presbytery do reeommead it to 
the people to pay otf the arrears to Mr- Klrk- 
patrick in propoi-tion to what they have hitherto 
done ; and in the present exigence of affairs do 
advise Mr. Kiikpatrick to aupply the congregti- 
tion of Trenton at discretion, as much as he and 
they may agree upon till our flest Presbytery." 

The chniter of the congregationj as we have 
before seen, vested in the Minister, Elders, and 
Deacons the power of electing trustees, Aa long 
UA Mn Cowell lived aft^r the charter was i"e* 
ceived, he was one of the trustees. There wa3 
no election in 1701. In 1702-3 the Trustees 
T^'ere all laymen. But in 17G^ Mr. Klrkpatrick 
■was elected Trustee and Clerk of the Boitrd ; an 
evidence that his relationivaa not considered that 
of a transient supply. In those times a formal 
installment ivas sometimes dispensed with as un- 
essential to the constitution of the pastoral con- 
nection. In 1736 the Presbytery ratified a de- 
cision of their commiasion, (for Prcsbjiery as 
well a9 Synod sat In those days in interims by 




Calls. 



i8i 



commission,) that the Uev. William Teiinect waa 
to he couaiJered "the proper Gospel inJoister 
and pastor" of the congregation of Is'eahaniiuy, 
though he had never Ijeen regulAi'ly installed, on 
the ground thiit he had accepted their caU ; thfit 
in the prcamLlc of their subscription for Lis sa- 
lary, they haxl spoken of liim aa their rainiater ; 
that the body of them once ou-ned him as auob 
when the qaeation was openly proposed to them 
Id the chiirchj and tliat he Lad for ten yeai'a car- 
ried on all ]mrt3 of the Gospel ministry without 
opposition. An appeal from thia decision was car* 
ried to Synod in the sjuue j'eai', but the Presby- 
tery was sastained; the Synodal decision declar- 
ing, that though the omission of a formil install* 
ment wasnottobe jnstlfieilj it was far from nulli- 
fying the pastoral rdation.** 

Tlie p&:»ple of IIuntingtoEj not discouraged by 
previous failures, and having repaiied the infor- 
malities of the year bcfoi'e, renewed their appli- 
cation for Mr. Kirkpati Ick at the October session 
of 1 T64. At this time l\U position in Tronton, as 
inferred from the llecorda, takes a more definite 
phase. The congregation appeared by their repre- 
eentatives, and expressed their opinion that Jin 





l82 



Kirkpatrick 



Kirkpati-ick should he either installed or dis- 
Tuissed ; but *' earnestly desii'ed the foitner.'* On 
the other hand, a paper waa presented with the 
signatures of fift*^eri memljers of the coiigregft- 
tion, charging their minister with UBingthe people 
ill, especially in his delays about n permanent 
Bettlement^ and concluding with a disavowal on 
their part, of any farther obligations to him as 
their pastor, or for ]us future maintenance. 

The Presbytery considered these allegationa 
and pronounced them groundleaa. They likewise 
assured the malcontents that the obligationa be- 
tween the congregation and Kirkpatrick re- 
mained in force '^while he continues theirregular 
minister.'' They proceeded to say that in the 
present confusion the way was not clear for the 
installment, and deferred final action In the pre- 
mises till their next meeting, which was to be 
held in a few weeks in Trenton. Meanwhile 
Mr, Kirkpatrick was at libeitT to spend two or 
three Sabbaths in Huntington. 

Accordingly on the 4th December, after or 
daining Mr. James Lyon as a minister to Nova 
Scotia, it was determined, when the parties had 
been fully heard, first, that the opposition of 
Bome of the congregation to the settlenieut of the 



n.iid .Presbytery, 



pastor was without jast cause; secondly, that 
there was uo satisfActory evidence tliat he; could 
be duly supported in the execution of hts office, 
if settled ; thirdly, tliat the way is not clear for 
theinataJlment ; fourthly, that Kirkpatrick was 
under no obligation to settle iq tlie place ; fifthly, 
that as the body of the congrt-gation were in hia 
tiivor^ be might supply tliem for the present sea- 
son; sixthly, that he ghould be paid his salary 
and arrears; seventhly, that he should have li- 
berty to preneh for vacant congi'egatious ; find 
eighthly, if he shonld wish to leave the bounds of 
thePreabytery, Dr. finley was authorised to give 
him tLe usual certiflcnte. 

From all this, it appears that no advance or 
change in the [waition of affairs ivaa accom- 
plished, aud Mr, Kirkpatrick retained his plnoe» 

In the Synod OS well ns in the Preabytery, the 
minister of Trenton was a punctual and active mem- 
ber. He was often elerk^ and hia name is found in 
connection with much of the prominent business, 
la the Synod of 1763, he was on the committees 
for the education of piou^ students at Princeton, 
and for the direction and support of missionaries 
on the frontiers, and seems to have been gene- 
rally in request aa a practical worker in the 



I 



1 84 



Trenton 




financifll and jodicial tranpactiong of Cliurcli 
courts. On one orca^ion he is recorded as hav- 
ing left town without leave; but it was for the 
two tedious daye, in which the roll of Synod 
was called, tltat ench niCTnher might express bis 
opinion on the qnestiou, whether a candidate 
fihould be i'ef[uircd to narrate his religioiB expe- 
rience before a judicntuie, as a ground of decid* 
lug npon his reception.* 

New- Brunswick and Metacliinj White Clay 
Creek and Christiana Creek nnd Walkill, ap- 
plied to Presbytery in 1Y65, for the services of 
Kirkpatrick, with a view to settlement, or as a 
'iupply; but without resnltinf,^ m any change. 

Tn April, 1706^ there came once more a formal 
call from Trenton, nnd at the same time one 
from Amwell. The former of these h spoken of 
in the course of the proceedings, ns his *'rc-scttlc- 
ment," probably nipaning a renewed efinrt for 
hia settlenient, as hi-^ work as pastor, in every 
thing but the name, had been continned with- 
out fluBpensTon. Both conjugations made their 
pleae before the Presbytery, It wonld eeem 
from the Minutes, that, after both the minister 

■ "RcccrrlVp. ^n-e. 




and AmwclL 



.85 



and people of Trenton, bad signified their assent 
that the Ainwell call should be prosecuted, both 
were disjjosed to retract, when the thue of repa- 
ration approachetl ; for this is the deliverance : 

"That there wflfl some degrco of impradttice on tlic part 
of Ml-. Kirkpalrick, or thy people of Trenton, or boll*, in 
proceeding ao far in their call, without tho aiivice oFPrea- 
hytcry, ai]<.l M</f,aft(Ttlityliad jointly and, Ecvernlly given 
eticoaraji^cment to UiQ pcoplo of AnnreLI to invito bim 
atnoog ill em. 

" As the above congregations are pirices of import an t^i', 
and equnliy dear to tho Presbytery, and eaiU cong-rega- 
liona, together with Mr, Kirkpatrick, have Bubtniticd the 
final dc terra inatioD of tbo affair to tbo Preabytory, they 
do therelbi-e judge, tipon iho whole, that It is muEt QXpc- 
dient lor Mr. IvLrkpalriQk to accept the cull from Am- 
welL" 

But neither was this the close of this pi-o- 
traeted ljusiness< Mr, Klrkpatriuk'^^ dileuiTna wn9 
not relieved by the decision he had invoked. 
The matter went on undecided for another 
month, when a new influence iuterposed. The 
Synod met in May, in New-York. In the course 
of their meetings, the Presbytery held a session. 
At this, two memberd of the Presbytery of Phi- 
ladelphia — the Rev- Andi'ew Ilunter, and Wil- 
liam Ramsey — were present, and in their eapr,- 

14* 



i8& 



Trenton 



city fl3 correppoiideBt3, Titled the re-consideration 
of the YotG in April They appreheiiilotl the 
most serious coDseqneoceB to the interests of i-eli- 
gioD in Trenton, if Kirkpatrick should he re- 
iiiovefJ* They pl^nded, that from the happy 
nuion of "nil sot^ietiea" in the last call, and the 
cxti'ftordinary exertions that had been made in 
view of ita acceptance, a happy prospect opened 
of ^^nn important congregation Ijt^iiig gathered 
there,'^ if he was settled among theni. " But if 
not, that the hearts of the people wonH beeosinik 
nnd diacourftgetl, that they would be effectnally 
prevented from futarc applications, especially 
considering the ;inhappy prejudices* they have 
contracted against the Presbjterj^, for the afore- 
said juJgmcnt," " It was therefore earnestly 
overtured by the^iQ bretliren/' (and Mr Kirk- 
patrick, if not the i-eporter, was the recorder of 
their largnnge,) '^tliat the matter should be re- 
viewed, inorJt'r tu jjrevent the ruin of that grow- 
ing society, which, on account of its situation, 
etc., is really important; and the rather, as the 
nnmbtr of minister's present at said determina- 
tion, was but small.** 

The subject being thus opened .ifresh, the 
Presbytery, at six o'clock in the niorninir of the 



unci Amwetl. 



187 



following day, resumed the diacasaioii, and con- 
seiitei] to fltljoum to the next cionth at Trenton^ 
and there re-conaider their di?ciaioii. Tbe con- 
gregntloiia of Arinvell and Trenton were to lie 
notified of the opportunity of being Leard, 

On the 24th June, the parties vreiG again pre- 
sent; nud the judicatory^ perhaps tire^l of the 
subject, turned the whole respunsibillty upon the 
candidate^ by putting both calls into Im hands, 
and requlnng hi in to inalce his own oboiee, 
Thna constrained, Kirkpatnek decided for Am- 
well, and the Presbytery immediately appointed 
the second Wedue?jday of the fullowiug August 
for his installment there, which vros accomplished. 
Kirkpatnck h^id but a shortcareer left. In 1 167 
iw^ elected a Trustee of the College of New-Jer- 
sey. He was amoug tlie supplies for Ti^enton for 
that yenn lie was Stated Clerk of Presbytery, 
and Clerk of Synoil, a member of the Commission 
of Synodj one of the Synod's deputation to meet 
the Consoclitted Churches of Connecticut at New- 
Haven in Septeraber, for a plan of anion, in view 
of the prospect of the eatahliahment of Diocesan 
Epiacopiicy in America by the Church of Eng- 
land.* In 1708 he supplied five Sabbaths in 



I 



rnnnociipof, nntil ll^C SPf> MEnntos ly Dr. Fid.i 



1 88 



Last years 



A 



Treuton ; ia again on the Synotrd commissioii ; 
a delegate to the General Convention or 
Union meeting with tlie Connccticnt Conaocia- 
tioD at EliziiLethtLiwn ; in Maya corresponilont 
for tlie Prealiytery with the Rev. Job Pi-udden 
in Connecticut; and in October for the Synod 
with ministei's of Dublin, according to n system 
of intercourse with foreign churches* In 1T69 
he -waB Moderator of the Synod in Philadelphia, 
and a member of the Presbytery^s committee to 
drfift fi memorial to obtain funds for the Collego 
lit Pj'iuceton. This memorial is recorded on tbe 
minutes. Amontj its stnt(?ments is this: *^ It h 
with pleasure they observe some very eminent 
depnitments of a civil nature already filled with 
the Bons of this College, and that in the year 
1767 not fewer than eighty of tbem were minia- 
tera dispersed through the several cokmies ; since 
which time there has been a considerable addi- 
tion.^' In the archives of the Assembly ia a 
copy of this memorial in a printed folio-sheet, 
signed V-y Jlr. Kirkpatrick as Moderator. There 
is also preserved in tbe same collection, and in 
the same form, with his signature as clerk, the 
Synod^s circular of 1TC7, recommending congre- 
gations to provide glebes for their pastors — a 
greater care for widows, orphans, and the poor 




1 



and Death. 



189 



— Uie avoidance of law-suits — the appointnient 
of ruflfitei^ to teach the catecLism and psalmody 

— the disuse of gpirituous liquora at funerals — and 
the establishment in each congregation of a so- 
ciety for the reformation of morals. 

In 17G0 Kirkpatrick vras bnth Trensnrer and 
Clerk of Preshytery, On the l."ith of June of 
that year his familiar nomc appeai-s for the laal 
timR among its living nicmhei^, lie diet! in 
Arawell on the eighth of September, not yet forty- 
three years of age. Hia bodywaa buried in 
front of the pulpit of the First Chuj-ch of Am- 
well OP "Old Ilou^e'' lietweeo the villages of 
Ringoci^i aril lleaville. The church ha.'* been 
since taken down, and a new one built at Rea- 
ville, bnt the tomb remains in it« first position, 
und Ls thus inacrified. 

" Here lielTi the bo^ly of dm 
Rev- WILLIAM KIKKFATRICK, 

Whiy iWed m ilie 1^6 year of hb agp. 
Ktn'lpr, ivvHcliKt ilimi ktmrt' lii?* rljariictV-i- for lliygoodf 
Think «-li:it n Sfiiir. :i Clin^liJiii. u Mimstrr of llie Gosptb 

a. Friond, n li^i^UriiKl, n Futiiti', n Master aliould he ; 

Vi^T tn iiHitatin"* thifl pnttcivi (if jnstlv ili'av^'n) thoti shult 

iiniLnto him, mul wilU Urn fiUi\li wkh dlHlingauhud 

hrtnnv Jiitnin to llu' rrsnrm*(Snii of tIib jiisl.^' 




up 



Hannali Kirkpatrick. 



"JJoar him" (aays % correspoiideiit of The J^tvsby- 
terian) lie ihi " rcniriina of a daugliler wbo survived liiin, 
&Dd nliose iLitme U fouud on ihe records of Amwcll First 
Church M a mumber in full communion. We gire Ibc in- 
scription on h&r tombfltoDD. 

"In meraorj' of 

XUtotah, dougbter of tLe lalo Rev. William Kirfcpatrick, 

PoHtor of Ibia cburcli, 

Wbo died August 7tb, 17SG, in tbo nineteenth 

yc*ar of hor ago. 

The (lust bermth 
Prodaim^ iWis solemn truth: 

Th« young ara fjiding, 
Frail's tliu tiIoi>[n of joitlh ; 

Lifc'fi A short dream, 
A fftlse Lnd empty jtho^, 

And bI! h 
Fleeting vanily below, 

reader ! speak, 
Cat! you believe too eoon. 

The Gtircslmom of life 
Will nel ineurc Iho noon." 



"3Irs. iliir^nrel Kii-kpairiek, bie widow, waa after- 
wards mamed to thi3 Hev, John Warfonl, who having 
been ealled hy the Amuell people April a, 1 770, was or- 
dained and insuUlcd their pastor Ttie man of HoJ^ who 
is the Bubjoct of thin sketch, fulfilled hia coarso m about 
eleven yenis ; but short as that course was, it left an abid- 
ing impression in the region where he closed his labors. 
Ti'Blimuuy to this effV'd has been frerp^ently given to the 
writer by a highly intelligent parishioner, who was bom in 



Recollections, 



1780, itnd lived lo eiit^r hia nicciy-firat year. There ia 
now liTing [iflfit] il vencrabk raoLlier im Israel, aged 
liinotf-aeven, who, ihoiigli only ci^ht or nine years oM nt 
iho lime, hjis a distmct rccoUociion of Mr, Kirkpatrick'a 
personal appcrinxncc. 8ho <Ioscribc!€ bm ps being above 
the onlhiirjr sizo, but not corpulent ; grave, Oigtiified, and 
commanding iu his asiJOt^t^ and of most eng.igmg nddrea^. 
But by no survivor was he more luved and revered than 
bj n slave, whom lie o'Mied to tbc time of lia death, New- 
Joracy being then ti sJaveUoldmg State, Thia tlavc lived 
to be about one hnndrcd years of age. To old Cato his 
manor was the moikl of a man and a ChriBtLan mlniater^ 
and but for his jjroater love ia tho Lord Jesus Christ, 111^ 
prolbund veneration and deep-rooted affection might hnve 
been looked upon aa idolatry."* 

I am sorry to find, not only in tlie Recorcls of 
our Trustees, but of the Presbytery, that there 
was both before nnd after Mr, Kirkpatrick'^i 
death, some irregularity and delay in the dis- 
charge of hie salary. Insufficiency of etipend and 
unpuoctuality in receiving it, have long been 
among the triala of pastor?, especially of those 



* Tljfl nouie ofLbeRev, Jjicob KEri:p£trid(, 0.0., iflEomnchiilFDClflfd 
wilt Iho clureln-a of Atnwellr where lio is tioir [18SSJ noli rely pi»icg 
the rortj-ci«liUi jMr of hia paBEoral^, that It vrill mevt ft jiatunJ inquiry 
lo u^lii, 11i.it Pr. KifkpiLChok doos not know thnt bgtuu uiiy Qunily con- 
nectio inth hh prodecenor and aaincBDlie. 



UJ2 



Salary. 



settled in rural distiicta where tbc peopl?, acciis- 
tomed to raaiotaiii their own Families from their 
fiivimy or by biirter, Lave nn mnJequate iJea of 
tUe necessity of money to tLos^ wlio Lave iiotliicg 
else to live upon. In tLe times of wliicL I am 
writing, iLese e\il^ frequently engaged tlie at- 
tention of tbo Presbytery, and for a while re- 
pnib of auch ileliin^uienciea were, statetlly chilled 
for and aoted npon. In regzird to Mr. Kirk- 
Patrick's case, inasmucli as the subject standi 
upon the Recor<3s, It ought to be said that ae- 
coi-ding to tLe church-hooks, it appears that 
there was a difficulty in determining the claims 
for sirreiirg due on the Iflst sis mouths' salary, 
and that the committee of the Trustees, a£>- 
pointed for the purpose, could not get access 
to the nccoLinta of Mn Kirkpatrick^ bo as to 
flsccrtiiin ^Lat amount, or whether in fact any re- 
niaiued uEipnitl, The subject was dismijised frofii 
Presbytery \rith the conclusioii, "that all Lai* 
been done that can conveuieotly be done relating 
to tlie, Trenton arrears " One source of the diffi- 
culty probably was^ that the salary was collected 
by a committee in each churchy who may Lave 
Landed their collections to the minister without 




Minute. 



193 



the agency of the treasurer- Tims in March, 
1765 is a minate in the Trnsteea' book: 

^ Appoint^ to ooUect the nx months' salarj for Hr. 
Eirkpatrick; 

" In town : John Ely, Hezekkh Howell. 
" In the ooontrj : laafto Green, Richard Palmer." 
15 



TbCSTEES — TitEKTOK ASD MaiDEOTIEAD, 

From Mr, Cowell'a death, until Jlr. Kirkpat- 
rick'a removal, tlie Trenton Board of Trustees re- 
mained nnchungedT at the annual elections, except 
that in 1763 the name of Obadiah Howell ap- 
pears in the pla<:e of Mr. CowelFs ; in 1764, the 
names of Mr- Kirkpatiick, Jamea CumineSj and 
Abraham Hunt, come in the placeaof Arthur How- 
ell, Joseph Yard, and Moore Farinan; in 1766» 
the Dames of Joseph Reed, Jr., Hamuel Tucker, 
and Daniel Clark, succeed those of Mr, Kirk- 
patrick, William Green, aad James Cumines, In 
1^04, John Chambers, John Hendrickson, and 
Joseph Green, were elected Elders; in 1765, 
Benjamin Yard, HezekJah Howell, and William 
Tucker were elected, appai'ently to succeed them- 

Jaues CuMiwEe, or Cumine, or Cumins, died 
February 21, 1Y70, aged eixty-aix. He be- 
queathed ten pounds to the Trustees, to be in* 



Abraham Hunt 



'w 



Tested for the support of tlie pastor. This was 
not payalile until the death of hb wife, at which 
time the rest of hia property waa to be divided 
flmong James, William, Hamuel, aTul Joseph, 
80U9 of William Cumines, of Nottingham^ Chester 
county, Pennsylvania. A Mra. Jean Comins 
signed the call of Mr- Spencer, in 1769. 

Ahrauah HnErr was, for many years, the 
moat promineot and opulent merchant of the 
town. He wa9 in the Board from 1764 till hia 
death, at the age of eighty-one, October 2T, 1821, 
a apace of iifty-aeven years- He tvds i^egalar in 
his attendance at the meetings, down to 1S18, 
In that year he made hia will, beqaeathing one 
hundred doUai's to this church, and the dame 
amount to the Episcopal. Mr. Hunt waa Post- 
master of Trenton, both before aod after the 
Revolution. Hisgnindaon, Mr. Wesley Hunt, has 
in his possession one of hia commissionfl, dated 
January 10, 1764^ by which "Benjamin Frank- 
lin and John Foscroft, Postmasters-General of all 
his Majesty^s Provinces a,nd Dominions in the con- 
tinent of North-America," appoint Abraham 
Hunt, Deputy Postmaster in Trenton, for three 
yeara^ and another, dated October 13, 1776, 
also for three years, from "Benjamin Franklin, 



196 



Jofcph Reed. 



Postmaster-General of all the Umted Colonics on 

the continent of Nortli -America," 

The tradition is now on record, that Colonel 
Kahl was spending a lato evening at Mr. Himt'a 
house, in Chmtmas feativitiea, the day before the 
battle of Trenton, in which he fell, and that his 
hilarity canaed him to leave unopened a note 
that warned bim of the approach of Waahing* 
ton's army-" Mr. Hnnt waa the father of Pear^ 
son, Wilson, John W,, and Theodore Hunt Of 
his fii-at wife, TheodoBia, who died March 4, 1 TS4, 
at the age of thirty -nine» her tomb-Btone declai-ea : 
"Such was the cheerful, nnintermpted benevo- 
lence of her heart, such was the geutleness and 
purity of ber manners^ that she never made an 
enemy, nor ever loat a friend- To know her 
once, waa to love her forever." His second wife 
was Mary Dagworthy, who died April 4, 1814, 
in her sixty-aixth year. 

Joseph Reed, Jr,^ is well known in American 
history, in connection with the public positions 
enumerated in the title of the two volumes of 
his " Life and Correspondence," as " Military Se- 
cretary of Washington at Cambridge, Adjutant- 



" Ltniiig's FieLd-Brnk oT Ihe RffrcilDttim. 



Jofcph Reed- 



^j 



General of tlie Coutioentftl Army, Member of the 
Cougpesa of the Unittid States, and President of 
the Executive Cunucil of P«iiusylvama.'** He 
was B-ho (1T77) elected Cbief-Juatice of Penn- 
sylvania, but decliuetl the office. Mr. Reed was 
hornatTrent^:)!!, August 27, 1741, Of hw father, 
Andrew Eeed, who waa one of the original Cor- 
porators ond Trustees, I have already made men- 
tiuti, Joseph Reed gradujited nt Princeton, iu 
1757; studied law with Richard Stockton^ and 
was admitted to the bar in 1703. He then went 
to Londou, and prosecuted hia professional stu- 
dies in the Middle Temple, until 17G5, when he 
retamed and commenced practice in Trenton- 
According to a letter of 1766, his family in Tren- 
ton, at that time, consisted of himself, hU father, 
sister, two brothers, Lis half-sister, (Mrs. Charles 
Pettit,) and her three children. In the same 
year ho writes : '* There are sixteen courta which 
I am obliged to attend from homeT oftentimes 
near a whole week at each, besides attending the 
osm^ once a year through the whole province, 



* LiTq and CorrMpoudaQi^ or Joioph Rcod, bj hia gzwidAon WiUiau 
B. Reed, 2 vula, 1G41. Uemoir of Uio bojoo, by PnittfajT Uvuty Reud, 
in Spitrk?!' AmerlCftQ BioigfKphj, vol. tliL Tlie LUe of EsUlbt de Bentt, 
[Urs. JoBcpb Itood.} hy W. EL Bcod ; priviitolf priulod 



198 



Joleph Rccd. 



which contains thirteen counties.*' Hia dwellmg, 
according to an aJvertiaement of the property, 
in 17T9, was near the market-liouse^ having 
nearly two acres of ground attached to it, ex- 
tending two hundred feet on Mai^ket street, and 
commanding a beautiful view of the Delaware^ 
including the Falls, 

In 1770, Mr, Reed re-viaited London, and was 
married to a daughter of Denys de Berdt, after 
which he took up hia residence in Philadelphia, 
and bis public life thenceforward was identified 
with his adopted State- 
Mr. Reed was a Trustee of the congregation 
from 1760 to 1709. On his removal to Phila- 
delphia^ he attended the Pine Street (third Pres- 
bytenan) Church, His biographer says: He ^' was 
firmly attached to the Presbyterian Church, in 
"which he had been educated.*' In one of his pub* 
lications^ he said of it: "When I am coDvinced 
of ita errors, or asliamed of its character, I may 
perhaps change it ; till then I shall not bluah 
at a connection with a people, who^ in this great 
controversy, are not second to any in vigoroua 
eiertious and general contributions, and to whom 
we are ao eminently indeijted for our dehverance 
from the thraldom of Great Britain-" 



Jofcph Reed. 



199 



In the Penii^haiiia Packet of April 22, 1779, 
is au address, presented to President Reed, from 
the officers of the Scots' Presbyterian Cluirch of 
Plulndelpliia, applauding bis administration, TLe 
Pine Street congregation, for whom Mr. Reed 
had acted as counsel, in settling a difference 
alK>ut property with the Market Street, or First 
Church, pra^ented him with a pew. It was to the 
paetor of Pine Street^ that the direction of Mr, 
Reed's will inferred in sftjing: "If I am of con- 
sequence enough for a funeral sermon, I desire it 
may be preached by my old friend and instructor, 
Mr, Dnffield, in Arch street^ the next Sunday 
after my funeral.'' 

"When John Adams was attending Congress in 
Philadelphia, he often attended the Arch and 
Pine Street churchea with Mr, Reed, Thus in 
his Diary of 1774: "September 10, [which was 
Satnixlay, and preparatory to the communion^] 
Rambled in the evening with Jo. Reed, and fell 
into Mr. Sproat's meeting, [Arch atreetj where 
we heard Mr. Spence preach. September 1 1, 
Mr. Reed was so kind as to wait on as to Mr. 
Sproat's meeting," "October 24, 1775. Heard Mr. 
Smith, of Pequea. Thi3 was at Duffield's meet- 
ing." Mr. Adams pronounced Sproat to be "to- 



20O 



Samuel Tucker- 



tally destitute of the genius and eloquence of 
DufBt^ki;* 

Citlooe! Reed was witli General Ca<Iw!il;uler^a 
division when Wasliington creased the Delawur*^^ 
in 1TT7* In ITS:^, be was one of the profeesionBl 
representatives of Pfiiiisylvania, before the Com- 
midaioDere of Congress, who met at Trenton to 
decide the dispute between that State and Con- 
necticut, in regard to tbe Wyoming hinds, Iti 
one of his lettei-a he wi'ites of having received a 
letter " under cover of Mr. Spencer," then the 
pastor at Trenton, He was a Trustee of the 
College of New-Jersey, from 1Y81 until his death. 
In 1783, VLsiting England for his health, he was 
a^ociated with Dr. Witherapoon, who went out 
in the same vessel, on a mission to obtain snb- 
scriptiona for the Colkge abroad. He died in 
PJiiladelphiJi, March 5, 1785. 

Sa^iciil Tucker served in the Ti'usteesLip 
from 1766 to 1768, and for most of the time was 
Clerk of the Board. He held many public eta* 
tioDS. He had been Sheriff of Hunterdon, and 
when aa a member of the Provincial Assembly 
of 176ft, he look an active part in the luvestiga- 

* lift BodWorki or John AdAiD^ToLiL Id 1T17, Ut. AAudb tttftrdid 
■wiih tbe haily of lii- 6pn*L 



Samuel Tucker. 



201 



tion of alleged professional aliusea of lawyers, 

tliei'e was a recrimiaatioa in i-egard to his own 
fee-bills as Sheriftl* lie was President of the 
Provincial Congress of New-Jersey, wliieli sat in 
Trenton from October 4 to 28, 17T5, and offi- 
cially signed the Constitution which it framed, 
July 2, 17T6. On the 4th September of that 
groat year, he waa appoiatod a Justice of the 
Supreme Court- lie was also for a time Treas- 
urer of the new State, and in that relatiou 
there will be occaaion to introduce hia name 
hereafter- In 177G lie waa Chmrman of the 
Provincial Coraaiittee of Safety, but in the sub- 
seq^uent panic ho took advantage of the offer of 
British protection.f Perhaps some of this weak- 
ness was attributable to the family connection of 
Mr, Tucker — hig wife being an Ecgliah lady. It 
ifi said, that Mr, Tucker and John Hart (after- 
warda a signer of the Declaration) were compe- 
titors for the Assembly, in 1768; Tucker waa 
supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and 
Baptists, Hart by the Preabyteriaiis, **DuriDg 
the first and second days of election. Hart waa 



» Peld'B ProvincU] Oonrta of Kflw- JuMej-, p. I CT. 

f Journal Df Aflwiublj uf Sew-Joraey, Dec. IT, 1111. Sodgwi^' 





202 



Mr- and Mrs. Tucker. 



ahead, bat on the third, one Judge Brae, coming 
up with a strong reserve of Church of Eogland 
men, secured Tucker's returuJ'* 

Mr. Tucker died in 1789, By hi3 will he left 
fifty pounds to " the Trustees of the Presbyterian 
Church of Trenton and lAmbertoHj" as it is 
named in the will, to distinguish the town from 
the country church ; the interest was to be paid 
annually **to the minister, to attend divine ser- 
Tice in the Presbyterian Chnrch in Trenton, to- 
wards his support," He left thirty pounds to 
the Episcopal Church, His will made judicious 
proviaioD for the emaucipatioD of hia slaves, either 
immediate or at a conditional time ; aa, upon 
learning a trade, adding a legacy of money to 
that of liberty. 

Mrs. Tucker's maiden name was Gould.+ la 
1766 she inherited fi-oni Elizabeth Gould, of 
Exeter, Devonshire, (perhapa her mother^) some 
property, which, by her own will, in 17S7, she 
bequeathed to her nieces^ White and Murga- 
ti'oyd. 



• StfdgwI^'H TJvfn^vUtn. p. 143. 

f Tburn wu a ''EjapUiq Gcdd" id Trcxtton, in USA, v-ith whom 
TTiomAfl Chblklr;, Ihs Qu&kcr oilDiBtor. lod|fi!d— >'^ who trealcd Wi- vary 
polEt«1f'^' A bnwk, maQiug UiMugb ths meailowe, near tha i>id ctm6' 
t«i7 nbcro tb« Tuokors were bihoi a 04UciJ Oould'a or 0-jU^e t^p^ 



,:=2a 



Epitaphs- 



203 



Mr. and Mrs. Tuclcer were buried in the old 

grave-yard described already aa lyirig iocloaed 
bat desolate, in the midst of coltivated fields. 
The two large stones that cover tlieir graven, are 
the only ones in the little ineloaure that remaia 
unmutilated. The inacriptions are as follows: 

1. " Uncloni«ath Ihia etoite lie the remaina of Sauuel 
TucsEB^ £sq^ wLo defartcd this life, Iho 1-lth duy of 
Jann&iy, I^se^ aged 67 yoiirs, 3 montlu, Aud 19 days. 

"TlungU in the du^t I UJr mj heftd, 

Yfit, gr&clD;is God. tliou trilt not IfATe 
My BQul roitiTcr irith the dead. 
Nor lose thy chil[ir*a in the gravp," 

S. "In memory of ELizABara Tuckeb, theTpif© of Sam- 
uel Tucter, Esq^ of Trenton, aod daughter of Jitmoa and 
Ann Gould, ^'ho departed thia life on SnniJay, the 13lb 
day of ]ilay> 17S7» aged &1 years, ft inontliR, and 14 days. 

"This lir«'a n drMin, ui empty etiotv. 
But the briglit world to which [ go 
Enth joys subetantud md eiiicer« ; 
When aball I waka mud fiad me there F 
Thca burst tbo chuce with Gwcct £UTpTifi<^ 
And in my SaTiour'a [loae^ riaa" 

At the meeting of Presbytery, in the fall of 
the year in which Mr. Kirkpatrick left Trenton, 
the congregatioo applied for aappliea, **&iid in 
particular for the Kev. Mr. McKnigbt^ in caae of 



I 



304 



Charles McKnight- 



his dismission from his present charge, which they 
Inform us, they have heard la probable." Thia 
Tvas the Rev. Charles McKnightt who was the pas- 
tor of AUentown, bat ivho at the same meeting 
\v3Sj at his request^ dismissed from that charge. 
At that time also, a call for him was presented 
from Shrewsbury, Shark Kiver, and Middletown 
Point, which he subsequently accepted, 

Tho people nest tnmcd their attention to Mr. 
Jonathan Edwards, son of the eminent President 
of Princeton College, and himself afber wards dis- 
tinguiahod as President of Union College, at 
Schenectady, Mr. Edwards graduated at Prince- 
ton, after his fath^'s death, and in l76t was 
employed there as Tutor. He had been licenaed 
by the Lit^^hfield Congregational Association, in 
17S6 ; but in April, 1767, he applied to be taken 
under the care of the Presbytery of New-Bruns- 
wick, which was done, and among the vacancies 
assigned to hiro was Tienton, which he was 
directed to supply for three Sabbaths- On the 
20th Octoberj 1707^ a cjill waa brought for him 
from the congregation. As Mr. Edwards was 
cot present, the matter waa defeiTed, but "in the 
mean time the Presbytery can not help erpresft- 
ing their pleasm*e to see such a harmony among 



Jonathan Edwards. 



20J 



fiaid people in the call aforesaiJ, and that they 
have exerted themselves so far for the support 
of the Gospel ; and we assure said people, vtq 
will couctir with them in their prosecution of said 
call ; and ^e appoint Mr. Edwarda, to supply at 
Trenton as moch as he caa do, till our spring 
Presbyteiy." 

The exertion, for which the people are com- 
mended, refers to a subscription for the support 
of the pastor elect, which accompanied the calJ, 
and the lack of which — added perhaps to the 
want of the same unanimity in the people — had 
been the main cause of prerecting the installment 
of their late minister The application, however, 
was ineffectual, and on the 19th April, 1768, the 
entry is : 

** Mr. Ed^tardi, liaviag boon ctkoson a ProrcsBOr of Lan- 
guages, etc.^ In ihe CoUoge of New-Jeraey, anil being now 
emplcjed u a Tutor tliere, could uot see it to be hia dot/ 
to break bla conaccUons wilU tbo CoIJcgo nforcaaid ; Siud 
therefore, aa be would not accept tbc call from TrontoLi, 
it was returned."* 



■ 



• Mr. Bdvwda on the SOlt April, IT08, waa ftppointed tg iiuppl^ nl 
AlteQTfhVii and Kf>w-BniDawiuk aC dissreLion ; and ihJi U tho Tsift lima 
hia iiAma spponra in tlie pocorda t>f Itiis Preabjlor/. He did Di>b accept 
Qm PrvfeiBjrtalii]}, and on Jwiuiuy q, n6!i) wna imLiLDL'd uvi-r tliB Con- 
gTi»g»doiud Charcb of Whita lUffen, Comu It may be doubted wbaUier 

16 



200 



Trenton. 



The College was often looked to for minister. 
Just before calling Mr. Edwards, Trenton was 
one of ttree vacant cocgregatlone tlint applieJ 
for Mn Jamea Tliompaooj a receut licentiate, to 
anjiplj tbein atatedly; '* bnt Mr. Tlmmpson's 
coiinectiona with the College of New-Jeraey as 
a Tutor, so erabarrasa hira^ that it appears inex- 
peJient to the Preai'j'tery to lay him under nny 
positive appointment ; but only recommend it to 
him to supply as much as he can at these places, 
at discretion;' (Minnte of June 23, 1767.) 

In the yenr 17^9, the t^vo congregations of 
Trentou united with the Maidenhead congie- 
gation in an arrangement, by which one pastor 
could serve the three aocieties. There must have 
been eome strong necessity, financrial or other* 
wise, for a measure that would reduce the share 
of each congregation from one half of a ministered 



hk Gonloff ander iLd vara of ibc Pmhytory meont motD Ibiui oEkla^ to 
bo emplDyed bj thvoi during hia cantiaajxnco la Cha CoUcgc^ but tho 
UiuuEe orApriE^ nC^, in, "Bcb^ dcairoiu to lie UikBQ under the txm of 
thla Prwbj^ierj, we tlo glfcdly receive Uim occording la liia dpaire" In 
1BI37, there wng a caul- of thb kind: "Mr, Enoch Burt, a licentuit* of 
the SoutliE-m New- nam pall ira Aasocifltfon, ni>peiarcd In Yr^bp^Tj, and 
being BBlfed vbf^thor he wb* williBg to accept of appolutiaeata lo pnadi 
iQ our Tacftdt cburchea llic ciuiLmK aaoiuitif, auaivered iu tJio ullmuiliTt' 
Tlie CuoLmlttce of &uppLic« wos dUvctad to lake Eiotico of tlic ume," 



and Maidenhead. 



207 



care to one third- The first evidence of the 
QDiOD is in a. minute of October 18 : 

"A petition wM brought into the Preabytery, from the 
congregations of Trenton and Mudenhead, eigned by the 
TBspectivG elders, requesting them to invite the Reverend 
Mr, Spenoer, a member of the Presbjrteiy of Newcavtle, 
to settle among them : \rhioh tiie Presbytery nnftoixnooaly 
complied with." 



The Eevekend Elihu Spencer, D-D-— ^Hs 
Peemoub Histoby, 



1T21— 17G9. 



Elihu Spesceh, thna introduced into our hU- 
tory, was a son of Isaac and Mary (Selden) 
Spencer, and was Lorn in East-Haddam, Con- 
cecticat, February 12, '[721. He entered Yale 
College in 1742, and commenced Bachelor of 
Arts in 1746, in the cla% with President StUee 
and John Brainerd. The families of Sjwncer 
and Brainei^d were doably connected, for Han- 
nah Spencer, a sister of Dr- Spencer's grandfather, 
was the grandmother of David and John Brain- 
erd ; and their sister^ Martha Brainerd, was the 
wife of Genera] Joseph Spe.ncer, brother of Eliho, 
In the Life of David Brainerd, President Ed- 
wards relates that when David was on his death- 
bed, his youngest brother, Israel, came to see 
him ; *'bnt this meeting," he saye, **was attend- 
ed with sorrow, aa his brother brooght him the 



Brainerd and Spencer, 



209 



BoiTowful tidiBga of liis sister Speuccr's death at 
Haddam. A peculiarly tender aifection and 
mucli religioua intimacy had long subsisted be- 
tween Mn Braiaerd and his sistei', and lie used 
to make her hoase his home, whenever he went 
to Haddam, his native place,^' 

Mr. Spencer Lad entered eollcge with the de* 
Sign of prejirtTfition for the ministry, and 90on 
after his licensure he was chosen by the Ameri- 
can Correspondents, or Commisaionera, of the 
Scottish Society for propagatiiig the Gospel in 
New-England and parts sidjaoent, as a suitable 
miaaionary to the Indian tribes. At thia time 
David Briiiaerd was the most prominent evangel- 
ist among the Indians, and it was partly owing 
to his favorable opinion that young Hpencer was 
engaged for the same work. Under date of 
September, 1747, in the Life of Brainerd, it is 
said that, *' Brainerd having now, with much de- 
liberation, considered the subject referred to him 
by the Commisaionera^ wrote them about this 
time, I'ecommending two young gentlemen of his 
acqaaintance, Mr, EHhu Spencer, of Eost-Had- 
dani, and Mr. Job Strong, of Northampton, as 
suitable missionaries to the Six Nations, The 
CommtBsionere on the receipt of this letter, cheer- 
itt* 



210 



Spencer and Strong. 



fiilly and tinanimoaaly agreed to accept of and 
employ the persons whom he haJ recommended " 
But apon David^a death, in 1747» his brother 
John became the prineipal agent of the Societyj 
and it waa with him that Mr, Spencer and Mr. 
Job Strong spent a winter (1748) in stndjing 
Indian languages, and otherwise avmliug them- 
selves of the Brainerd experience. Jonathan 
Edwards waa himself an active fiiend of the 
Ini^auSj and after his removal from Northamp- 
ton, in 1750, accepted, at the same time, a call to 
the church at Stockbridge, and an appointment 
of the Boston Commisaionera aa misaionaiy to 
the Indians living in that part of Massachusette 
Bay, Spencer passed a summer with Edwards, 
and accompanied him to Albany to witne&s a 
treaty with the aborigines, many of whom spent 
their wintera about Stockbridge, and the rest of 
the year near Sclioharie, Ijeyond Albany. What 
it was to travel from Stockbridge to Albany a 
century ago, may be learned fioni the Kev. 
Gideon Ilawley's narrative of such a journey in 
1753-* Mr, Hawley waa a teacher and mimster 
of the Indiana, under Edwarda* iuatructiona, and 

* la UaaaKhiLMttfl HiAoritftl CoUocIIdui, uid in \ho Do^aujealarr 
Htnoiy or Kav-Tork, (vtiL III, p. 1033.) 



Indian MiiHon. 



211 



BajB of the great metaphysician: '*To Indians 
he was a vei7 plain and practioal preacher ; npoo 
no occasion did he diapUy any metaphysical 
knowledge! in the pulpit." 

Thi38 prepared, Spencer was ordained in Bos- 
ton, Septemtier 14^ 1748, and went to the Onei- 
da tribe — ^the chief of the 8ix Nations of the 
Mohawks, or Iroquois* His station was at Ono- 
qnaqua, (afterwarda Unmlilla,) at the head of 
the Susquehatinah, one hundred and seventy 
miles Bouth-west of Albany, and one hundred 
and thirty lieyond any white settlement. One of 
the results of his mission was a vocabolary of the 
Oneida langnage, vhich he prepared. Hawley 
says he *^ could not surmonnt the obstacles he met 
with." These obstacles are indefinitely described 
elsewhere, as difficattiea connected with his in- 
terpreter^ and other causes frustratirg Jiis useful- 
ness. He soon withdrew from the mission, and 
going to Elizabethtown he received a call from 
the Preabyttrian Church left vacant by the 
death of President Dickinson* Having accepted 
the call he was received by the Presbytery of 
New- York, and installed Febrnary T, l740. Re- 
cording that date in his family Bible, he writes : 
"This day waa ioatalled E. Spencer, and tool 



212 



Spencer. 



tlie great charge (onus humerla aBgeJornm for- 
midandum) of the ministry in Elizabetbtown; 
setatk sujL> '2S. The Lord help me." Mr_ t^peii- 
cer gave part of hia time to Shrewsbury, In 
1848 two men were living in that town, one 
in his ninety-seventh, the other in hia eighty- 
ninth year, ^^'ho remembered Mr, Spencer, and 
showed the house he occupied on his visits,* 
He took his place in SynoJ, Sept^mljerj 1750, 
at their meeting at Newark, and waa placed 
on a committee of five for drafting propoaala 
for a reunion with the Synod of PhiladL*lphia. 
He was often on the commission for the interim. 
In 1753 he was on a committee to settle diffi- 
culties iu what was then our only church in the 
city of New- York ; the subject of discord being 
tlie introdoction of Watts's Psalms, the nse of 
anthems, and prayer at buria]3.f In 175ft, 
Spencer was appointed to take hia pait in sup- 
plying Mr. Teunent'a pulpit in Philadelphia, 
during his absence in Eoi'ope for the College, the 



■ Letter oF \ht RflT. Hnf^ia Taylor, of SbTOWcburr, to ti* Bar. Dr, 
Uaivr. In October, lUo, Ur 3p«Qc«r wai manlt-d to a duigliui of 
John Eaton, of Kalouloivii, In Uifr Detghborhood of Shrowtbiuy^ 

t Bm " AleukiLi^ur Omnmbf /^ in Dr. Spngun's AiidbJ«i toL 1. 403. 
'■RMordi,'' 8«pL 2G, lUl. 



Davics. 



^13 



Synod directing at the same time that, "Mr. 
Spencer'a congregation be supplied in Ma absence 
the whole of tlie time, at the request of his ex- 
cellency, the Governor," (Belcher.) 

When Mr. Daviea was preparing for his voyage 
with TeDUfeint, id September, 1753^ he saw much 
of Spencer. After passing a night at his house 
in ElizabethtoTVL^ and proceeding the nest day 
to Newark, Davlea writes in hiB journal : " The 
Governor insisted that I should preach for Mr, 
Spencer next Sunday come aeVnight, that he 
might have an opportunity of hearing me." On 
the foDowing Saturday ho "sailed to Elizabeth- 
town: was ple*i;j.ed with the company of my 
brother Mr. Spencer, and Mr, James Brown." 
The next day Davies preached ; and on Tn^ay 
returned to Philadelphia to meet tbe Synod, in 
company with Messrs. Spencer, Brainerd, and 
Brown^ '* and spent the time in pleasing conver- 
aation, pE'incipally on the aflain* of the Indiana." 

At the Synod of October, 1^55, various peti- 
tions having been presented from North-Caro- 
lina, "setting forth their distressing circnrastau- 
ces for want of a preached Gospel among thom," 
the Synod resolved to extend what relief was in 
their power, and appointed Mr. Spencer with Mr_ 



214 



Spencer and Brainerd. 



John Brainerd to take a journey ttither before 
winter, and supply the vacant congregations for 
BJx months, or as long as they ehonld think necea- 
Hary. This is a specinaen of the manner in which 
Synods then exercised their authority over set- 
tled ministers, and of the manner in which con- 
gregations yielded to the necessity which called 
for tlie missionary services of their pafitore. No 
objection from any of these quarters prevented a 
compliance with the Synod's direction; the en- 
try of September, 17-'>6, being that "the diffi- 
culties and dangers of the time** rendered it in 
a great degree impracticable for Messrs. Spencer 
and Brainerd to answer the end of their appoint* 
ment to the southward^ and for that reason said 
appointments were not fulfilled," The difficulties 
were those which ai'oae from the French and In- 
dian incnrsions. At the eame sesdou '* the Sy- 
nod agree that an address be prepared and pre- 
sented to Lord Loudoun, Commander in Chief 
of all Hia Miijesty'a forces in North -Am erica, 
and they do appoint Messrs, Aaron Burr, Eliha 
Spencer, David Bostwick, and Caleb Smith, or 
some one of tliem, t^ prepare and present it, in 
the name of this Synod, on the first projier op- 
portunity," 



JSX£^ 



Chaplaincy. 



^^5 



In 175fi Mr. Spencer was released from EWzsr 
Wtbtown, haviug accepte<i au invitation from 
the church at Jamaica, Long Island, in the Pres- 
bytery of Suffolk, vacnnt by the removal of Mr, 
Bostwipk to New- York. After a ministry of 
about two years there, as stated supply, he em- 
braced au offer from Governor Delancey, of New- 
York, of a ebaplaiticy to the troopa of the Prov- 
ince then detailing for the French war. The 
Synod made provision for the Jamaica pulpit, 
" in case Mr. Spencer shall go out as chaplain 
with the New-York forces " I do not know the 
natare or duration of his services in this connec- 
tion, but "Jamaica, Jaly 2, 1759" is the date 
of a published letter of his to Dr- (afterwards 
President) Ezra Stilea, on " the state of the dis- 
senting interest lu the Middle Colonies of Amer- 
ica ;" and " Shi-ewsbnry, November 3," of the 
same year, is the date of a jtoalecript added to it- 
lu May, ITGI, he was received by the Presby- 
tery of New-Brunswick from the Suffolk Presby- 
tery, and was clerk at another meeting io the 
same month in Princeton, and in Augnst in 
Trenton. In October he was appointed to sup- 
ply three Sabbaths at Amboy Southward, Mid- 
dletown Point, and neighboring places ; in April, 



2l6 



spencer. 



1762, tl^e eame places, "as much as lie can;" 
in October, 1762, and May, 1763, one fourth of 
his time at SoutL-Aiaboj ; and in April, 1764, 
four Salibatbs aloDg thd sea-shora towardfi Egg 
Harbor. 

Tlie day on wliich the Synod of New-York 
provided for Mr. Spencer's absence with the 
army, (May '27, 1758,) waa the last but one of 
the separation or schism. The two bodies as- 
flembled in Philadelphia, May 20, and constitnt- 
ed "The Synod of New-York and Philadelphia," 
The number of oar niimstera in all the Colonies 
was then nf-arlyone hundred* Mr, Spencer first 
appeared in the new organisation in May of the 
next year, when he waa again put on the Synod- 
al CommiBsion. In the Beaaionof 1761 he was 
Moderator, and waa added by the houie to a 
committee appointed to devise means for obtoin- 
ing funds to support John Brainerd in hia Indian 
mission. As has been already stated in the no- 
tice of his predecessor, it waa Mn Kirkpatrick 
who reported an overture from this committee, 
upon which it waa determined to raise one hun- 
dred and fifty pounds for the maintenance of Mr. 
Brainerd another yean Mr. Spencer opened the 
eessiona of 1765, in the First Church, Philadel- 



Mission in Carolina, 



21 



phia, with a serrnou from Acts 20 : 28. The 
matter of the Kev. Mr, Marker's heretical opin- 
ions^ the issue of which hiis bt?eu mentioned in 
the courao of our notice of Mr. Kirkpatrick, 
came before this meeting, ia conaequence of 
Harker's having, "without the approbation of 
the Synod, printed a book containing his prin- 
ciples" antl Mr Spencer was tii-st on a committee 
to examine and report on the pnblicationj which 
was next year condemned. 

We have seen tliat Dr. Macwhorter was a^ao- 
ciated with Mi", Kirkpatriek in college; that 
they were candidates and licentiates together, 
and with Mi\ Latta were commiasiuned to Itin- 
erate in Virginia and North -Carolina. The 
sarae excellent man was also connected with 
Mr, Spencer on another important raiasiou. The 
Synod meeting in Elizabethtown in May, 17G4, 
learning that many congregations in the Sooth, 
particularly in North-Carolina, needed a jfcroper 
organization, deputed Messrs. Spencer and Mac- 
whorter to viait that region, as general overaeeiB 
and connsellore for the welfare of the Chorch. 
They were to form and regulate congregations, 
adjnat their bounds, ordain elders, administer the 
sacraments, instruct the j>eople in discipline, 

ir 



2l8 



CaroltmL 



direct them liow to obtain the stated ministry, 
MiA <lo all tilings wbicb their inchoate or feeble 
Gomlitiuii requireil; oot failing toassnre the peo 
pie evpry where of the Synod's laterest in them» 
as the highest judicatory of the CLui-ch, and its 
readiness U.^ do all in its power for their assist* 
ance. Under the date of May IG, nt>.5,w'e havG 
the Synod'fi record as follows : ^^ Messrs. Spencer 
and Macwhorter fulfiJlt^d tiieu" mission to the 
BOQthwardH Mr. Macwhorter'fl pulpit was enp- 
plied during his absence, and the Presbytery uf 
BninsTvick were sntiefied with the care taken to 
snpply Mr. Spencer's people," Mr. Macwhorter 
contracted a disease during this journey^ from 
which he did not fully recover for two yeaxe. 
A jonrnal of tbia apostolic tour wonld be of 
great interest and valne. Tlie itiflnenee of two 
ministers of such piety, prudence, and talents 
most have I>een aa happy as it was welcome. 
The eflecta of their visit are partly developed in 
the proceedings of theii- Presbyterica end Synod 
ftflcr tlieir return- lu Synod n committee, at 
the bead of which were Doctors Alieon and Fin- 
ley, were appointed to converse with th<* two 
missionaries, not only with n.'ferenc« to their tx- 
pensee, which Synod Lad aB^umed, but "for the 



Caixjlinn* 



219 



settlement of Gospel ministers in Carolina.'^ At 
ft maeting held by the Presbytery dnring tbe 
same session of Synod at i\"bich they made their 
report a call was presented for Mr. Spencer from 
the people of Q^wfields, Eno^ and Little Run, 
ill North-Carolinn ; but "upon the whole he de- 
clared he could not see his way clear to accept 
of it, and returned it to the commissioner." Im- 
mediately another call was presented from 
Cdtlier^s (afterwards Thyatii';t) and Fourth* 
Creek settlements, in North^Carolina, for Mr, 
SpeuceFj and to this he returned the same un- 
fa^'orahle auawei".** It appears that the same 
calla were introduced into ^ynoH by the commit- 
tee foi" overturea, who abo reported a supplica- 
tion for snpplieg fi'om the inhabitants between 
the Yadkin and Catawba rivers j "particularly 
for the removal of Mi-, Spencer and Mr. Mac- 

* Tho '-'huToli at Siwficlda Ijoctune di3tiiip]iBln?id la tho iTjligioiia liis- 
Loij df N'orLb-CoroliDB^ In Lbe eLd oTijyb luL ctiiiLiirj- and tlio btglciulug 
or tbe pr««eii1, bj tbe eSioieDl minifttTlea of Its irjccsedve pafltor^ Juoed 
t^Oread^ aod WilUjLm Dh PaiAlej, Tlie Ulter died iu Groflovboroiigh, 
Mar^h, L8A7. in hia £7i]i y^aar. ** Tho llreL camp'iaeeting held Id Ibe 
SdqUl wis bdd at Haiv^elda, In October, ISO:^, und gnff out of Ihe 
nsCEALEj of the caic." *' ^ourLb-GfGelc Chun^b vu Gr^Tiizail by Mr* 
EllLu .Spoucf-r, uid ein>ira«d tb^ iobabUauU bcLweou Iha Scuiti-Tuilkiri 
And ihe Cjtawlm rivoFB." Footo'a Nortb-Cartflia*, diap. ivl hIt-, 
iffbers will ■liHhd fiitinilH liiilni? Of tUo fibur^liQHDf tbe Hitwftnd Kao- 



210 



Carolina. 



wtorter to settle amoDg them;" two otlier sap- 
plications for Bupplies from Betliel anil Poplar 
Tent, in Mecklenburg county; the aaroe fi-om 
Ifew-Providenoe and Sis-mile ypring; a call for 
Macwhorter from Hopewell and Centre con- 
gregatione ; and supplications from LongJanea, 
in South-Carolina. The Synod proceeded to 
meetj aa far as was in their power^ tlie numer- 
ous opportunities opened through tlieir jufli- 
ciou3 nieaaures, by api>ointmg six miniatera to 
visit North-Carolina^ and each of them to tarry 
half a year la the most destitute neighborhoode. 
Nesfc year Sugar Creek, Fishing Creek, Bethel, 
the Jersey SettlemeDt, Centre congregatiou, Pop- 
lar Tent, and Rocky River united in a petitaoE 
" for one or more of the llev, Afessrs. Spencer, 
Lewis, Macwhorter, and James Caldwell to be 
Bent there, promising that the aum of eighty 
ponuds be paid by any of these congi'egatiors in 
■which he shall choose to spend half of his time, 
and another eighty pounds by the vacant con- 
gregations he shall su]jply.** The record pro- 
ceeds ; "This petition being read, the several 
gentlemen mentioned in it were interrogated 
■whether tliey would comply with this request^ to 
which each of tbem returned a negative answer" 



Carolina, 



221 



Petitioua for aapplies wei'e poured in at the same 
meeting from variona sections of Virginia, the 
Caroliaas, and Georgia, but all tlie Synod could 
do was to nomiuftte seven miniatera to make 
joarnej's tliroDgliDub tijose iliatnctSj as tlieii" 
other engageraentfl would permit. 

la his notes on this raiasion of the Synod, Mr. 
Foote, after mentioning that tlie report of the 
two deputies has not l>een preserved, remarks: 

** We ivre not left nt a loss for tlio nnines of piirt of the 
[jongregations who^o boumlq they a^ljimodj aa in thrtl. 
(1705) and tho Hucijenlhig yiar, caHa worn wnt hi for 
pnators Irom 8tede Creek,* Provideuco, iro]M?^v*.'U, Ccutrc, 
Kooky Kivi-r, and Poplar Tent, which ontircly aiin-oond- 
ed Sugar Cteck, boflidca tboao in Rowan nnd Iroddl, 
'rijese Bcvcn congregatioua were in llecldenburg, exeef i 
ft fiiirt of Coiitie whkh Iny in Rowan, (nuw IruJt^ll,) and 
ill tlidroitensiTc lioundn coiu[ifehf iidcd dJiuohL tliE? ealirc 
county." "This mismion was fulfilled to such cnliro ftal- 
i>'fAOtion, tlmt Uio^o ^jfcntfonicu wt^ro importuned to eettlo 
m CaroiiDa ; ind Kr. Maowhortoe wns uldmntel/ choaen 
PrejiMent of die College ereclfnl nt Clmrlotte. Krcim thp 
term of LhL^ Tiait wc maj" consider llie bouuil^ of the old 
cUurchoa in Orange and Concotd Prcabytenes as BCttludt 



* ^' ll in probnble that lbs dinrch rrn SUcIb rr»1c vu 4>rgniil£ed by 
UofiflTB S^cuocr and UiM^wLririor" Fookf chb^i. X£TiiL "She enaic Is 
fltilil orPaiiluTtfuL CliiiE>' xx^L. It wad called Tttit TniDL tba Miaporjiry 
■hclter uaed betbre a f>hurch v%t bnlir. l!i. 



-*> 



222 



Spencer and Rodgers. 



aai the ficaaiona as generally duly orgflniied. Previous 
to tliiB, the sQttleiQents aeted indopendcntly in their ivlU 
gill us iiuiUcrs-"* 



In January, ItGS, the Eev> Jobn Rodger9,tlie 

pastor at the town of St. Georges, Delawai'^j 
accepted a call from the fiiBt church in the city 
of New-Yorlc Both Mn Rodgei's and the con* 
gregatiou appear to have considered Mr, Spen- 
cer as a de3ira})le successor ; for in Synod on the 
20th of May, lIGr*^ "at the request of the Rev. 
Mr. Rodgers, and of the congregatiou of St> 
George's, Mr, Spencer is appointed to supply 
that congregation four weeks before Mr, Rodg- 
el's removes from them." lu the following Sep- 
tembrr, the proper steps having been first taken 
in the Presbytery of Lancaster, to which St. 
George'a belonged, that congregation and Apo- 
quimiaey,f which was connected with it tinder 
Mr. RodgcE^S) presented their call, and npon Mr- 
Spent^er's expressing liis acceptance, he was trans- 
ferred from New-Brunswick to Newcastle — tho 



» FDOI0: Nonh'Carolliis, ch. xW. iii^, 

\ " A^or\muiihoj is tho mrpoTAtfi Dame oT tb« Forait Churoh, now 
tiilled UiJdIotoB-n. U U in^t to b*- aonfounded wJlb ihg old cliurch of 
Apoquimtn^y Titvn vhii^h K brultocCr la Om grc^U renval, and vLiob Is 
QOw ™iJ«l Drtft-jon." Ua. UtVit of l"to Rot, a Web«cr, 1848. 



FiDle/s Death. 



223 



I 



boimtla of Newcastle and Donegnl having been 
changotl for a single year, and the names of Lan- 
caster and Carlisle snbatituted, but the original 
ones beiug now restored. Ou the seventh Jan- 
nary, l76t>, Silencer was received by Newcastle, 
and took his seat, together with Mn Valentiue 
Dusliane as the elder of St George's, On the 
seyenteenth of the following April be was install- 
ed over the united congregations, 

Mr. Spencer was one of the witnesses of the 
serene and happy cloae of the life of President 
Flnley, which took place in Philadelphiaj July 
It, 1766. On the day before that event, Mn 
Spencer said to him: *' I have come to see yon 
confirm by fucts the Gospel you have been 
preaching," In reply to hia friend's inquiries, 
the dying minister said he felt fall of triumph : 
" I triiimpli through Christ. Nothing clips my 
wings but the thoughts of my dissolution being 
prolonged. Oh ! that it were to-night ! My very 
soul thirsts for eternal rest." Mr. Spencer asked 
him what he saw in the future to excite such 
strong desires. '* I see," said he, '' the eternal 
love and goodness of God ; I eee the fnllnesa of 
the Mediator. I seethe Jove of Jesua. Oh I to be 
dissolved, and to be with him ! 1 long to be 



224 



Presbytery of 



clotted with the complete righteousness of 
Chiiat." At his rer^uest Mr, Spencer prayed : 
" Pray to God," said Le, ^* to preserve me from 
evil — to keep me from diahouoring Lis great 
□Bine in this critical Lonr, and to support me 
TVith his presence ia my passage through the 
valley of the shadow of death." 

The Rev, Mr, Duhois^ the present Clerk of the 
Proabytury of Newcastle, has kiudly fornisbed 
me with the annexed notes from the books in hi^ 
charge- 

" Between April 16, 1786, and Mareb 22, 17C0, tbere 
are n nimber of long inlnucof^ lJ>e substanco of ^^lijdi is 
tlial oTertTiTi'fl werti nitt'lo to havo tho mngregatioTis nf 
DrawycTB and PeocaJer miitod willi St. George's and tbe 
Forest; that the Prcftbytcry eecing that tliia would te- 
quirt} too nincb labor for one miitistcr, ngrcod to it on con- 
dition tbflt they would procure sm nssociate pastor, to 
which they all conBonted. Bitt eitlier si suitable nssoHsito 
could net be foLinil, or the pl»n did nnt ^rork well, nnd 
accordinglj, at the puggeation ofDrawyers and Pewcader 
that *ibo fioid union wna not for tho cdlliiiation of tbo 
Church,^ and ' tho peopJo of St, Goorgo^s and Iho ForoBt 
nmkbig no ohjociion agdnst having said union dissolved,' 
it Wfla dbflohed* March 22, 1739. 

"■"n^c &a:iie day — *A |ieLiliou, "by a repreaeotativo from 
tho Foreet Gon;^rct-ation, and<rr the onre of tho licv. Mr. 
Spenoer, was nmde lo the Prcabytery, requesting that 



4 



Newcastle. 



225 



ihay would confirm a Ime lately drawn between them and 
Ihe oongregation of St. George's, and oJao ^vc the people 
oftho Forest congregation leave, according to topma aLi|j- 
ulated in tbeir aubscriplioi; for ihe Rgv. Mr- Spencer^ to 
try^ to miHti thftr HnbHcHption, in ord^r to obt^n Tnore of 
the labors of tbeir mlnialer ; lUe PrDsbytery grant tbe 
petition, ao far that the Forcet oougregation tnaj try their 
BlrcngLh, fLccoi'ding to said line, :ind that both they and 
St. Georgia's laythmr aubaoriptiona bufore this Preabytory 
at tlieir xagxi meeinig, At H-liich time the Presbytery will 
more fully judge of, and &L-ttl<s ihfi wlit»|f afihir,' " 

" Thia ia not referred to again, and seems not to liaTS 
boon done, but Hoon after cornea thia minute: 

'' Oct. 19, ]i(>9. ^Tlie Rt^v. Elihn Spencer in form a tho 
Presbyter}" tlmt the place where ha row livej^ doea not 
agree with bis own and his family's constltutJon, so that 
hia health bM been macb impaired^ nnd, should ho con- 
linno there, is likely to he wholly di^alroyed ; tlierefore ho 
IS under the disagreeable noce^sity of requesting a di£6olD- 
tion of hi* paBtornl relation to tho congregations of Sl_ 
Georgi?^H anrl the Forest. A cnninkiaaloner frnni St. 
George*8 agrees with Mr, Spencer reapecting the neoes- 
sity of hia reqncst; upon the wholc;^ the Presbytery judge 
that they hare cleamesa to diaaolve ilr. Spencer's pastoral 
relatroQ to tbe aToresaJiI congregations, und hereby do 
dissolve it/ 

** After this he was not preaent at any of the meetiagfl, 
and J can lind no mcntjou of him, rnitil at a meeting in 
Philadelphia, during the soflfiiona of the Synod, ho was 
present, and lliia Tuinule occurs : 

*'May IG, ITTl. 'Mr, Spencer, having removed onl of 



I 



226 



Call to Trenton, 



the boTinilfl of this Presbytery into the bounds of tlie 
Presbjtery of New-Brunswick, requests ;l dlsmisfliou from 
OS in order to join tbem, wbicb b gm-uted,' " 

In a Philadelphia newi^paper of the day, it is 
menttoned that Mr, Spencer preached at the 
funeral of tho wife of the Rev, Joaopli Mo!l^ 
gomery, of Kent county, Maryland, Mai'cL, 1709, 
in the Presbyterian church, Georgetown. 

It was on the eighteenth October, 1769 — 
the day before hia separation from Delaware — 
that the congregations of Trenton and Maiden- 
head obtained permission from their Presbytery 
to call Mr, Spencer; and nlthougb he was not 
dismissed by Ne^rcastle, nor received by Netv- 
Brunsvrick, until the spring of 1771, he waa 
elected a Trustee of the Trenton church and 
President of the Board, May 7, 1770. His sal- 
ary waa fixed to begin from October 17, 17G9, 
wliich wa^ probably the time of hia takiDg 
chaise of the congi-egatioo. 

Until his actual reception in Presbytery he is 
only " ref^nested" to open a subscription for the 
college in Treuton^ Hopewell, and Cranbury- 
After that Le is " ordered^ to do it. From the 
year 1753, till his death, Mr, Sjiencer was a 
Tmatee of the College of New-Jeisoy, He waa 



James F, Wilson. 



227 



^ 



' 



on the committee in the first year of hia office to 
ntfgotiate with the people of PrinceUia iu view 
of t^tabliahing the College there. The short 
distance betw^een Princeton and Trenton^ and 
his relation tt* the College, often secured, oa in 
the case of his predecessor^ Cowell, and auccea- 
aor, Armstrong, escliangea of pnlpit services. 
The record of one such visit ig preserved in the 
blessing it woa instrumental in bringing to a 
student who became an eminent niiniaten This 
was James Fetiilleteau Wilson, who waa a mem- 
ber of the College in 1773, when there wfis a 
general ftwakeniiig on the subject of religion 
among the students. Wilaon for some time de- 
cidedly, and even rudely, resisted every effort to 
draw his attention to his apirituRl condition, and 
was the more averse in consequence of his pre- 
judices as a member of the Church of England, 
But it waa one evening while Mr- Spencer was 
preaching in the College Hall, that his oon- 
ecience became deeply, and for a time, hopeless- 
ly affected. After gaining relief, ho became an 
humble, zealous Chriatiau. Upon his graduation, 
in 1773, he went to London, where his fatter 
resided, intending to take orders in the English 
Church, but further reflection and inquiry led 




228 



James F. Wilson- 



him to return to PrincetoD, and to l^e Btndy of 
theology under Dr- WitherspooD, After the in- 
termptiou of his course by the war, during part 
of which time he studied and practised medicine, 
he was licensed hy the Presbytery of Orange, 
and became pastor of Fourth Creek (the church 
CBtablisbed by Mr. Spencer) and Concord, in 
North-Carolina. He died in 1804, Two of his 
sons were in the ministry.* 



* Foote'fl Horth-CUoluu, ohap, ixr. 



(ifhiiplcil SEwcIfth. 



Dr, Spbncee'6 Congeegation 



17fiO— 1773, 



The town and coTintry congregationa of Tren- 
ton atill preserved their ulioii. The j)eopIe of 
Maidenhead had their distinct corporation, but 
shared the services of the same pastor with Tren- 
too. Each oF the Trenton houses had its own 
spiiitaal officers. Thus May G, 1V71, Samoel 
Hill and Ebenezer Cowell were chosen "Eldei-a 
for the town ;" Jacob Cnrlej Jtthu Howel], antl 
Timothy HcndrickaoL, ^*for the old house" and 
Benjamin Smith " a deacon for Trenton." The 
Trusteoa acted for l>oth. TLus^ at the meeting 
jost mentioned, it was "ordered by the Board 
that the Treasurer pay eight pounds ont of tliu 
interest due on the iifty pounds left to the con^ 
gregation by the Rev, Mr, Cowell, deceased, to 
the Rev. Mr, Spencer, to make np tie OM 
House subscription for the year 1770, and tkit 
the meinbers belonging to Trenton meeting- 
IS 



230 



Agreement, 



house have liberty to apply the like aum out of 
the interest aforesaid^ ou the like occasioa" 

The aulijoitieil document \vill sliow the rela- 
tion In which Mi\ Spencer stood to the thi*ee con- 
gregatioiia. The signatures will serve to record 
the names of the heads of the families in the 
town charge as they existed in November, 1769, 
aud a few ye&ra afterwards, 

*'■ WbereoH it is mutimll}" ngrecd "brl.Avuen tLe townsbipa 
cf TruuLoii anJ Blajdcnhead, to raise one liundrcd and 
fifty pounds na ihc nnaunl aalniy of the Rev. Mr. Elibu 
fcpenccr, dmmg Huoh tinii? ns he tliall be and roniaiii aa Ihdr 
settled iiiinisiGr, nod to pren^h one Sabbatb in tLi? lown 
meeliiLg-houM^ one Sabbath in MaideidiGnd meeting-boiiHe, 
and cvcrj tbii'J Sabbath at the old bouae ia tbu upper 
part of tbo township of Trciilon, and so to coDlmuc one 
tbird part of llie timo aX oacli lafieting-hous© ; nntl, wboro- 
aa, llio oongrogfttiou belonging ic canh of the meeting- 
bonsGs aforeeaid, huve sigreod to r^iifio hy v.'\iy of subscrip- 
tion, tbo aum of iil\j pourjdat as tWir port aud eharv of 
tbc annna! salary aforc^ud, wc, tbe sul>scriljci-s, Lciiig do- 
droua to encourage ami gijpjiort tlio miuifitry of tbe Gospel, 
aad as members ofy and belonging to the meetrug-bonse in 
iIm towTi-Bpot ofTreiiton, do hereby «pve mil y promise and 
engage to pay noto tbe Trneteea of tbe I*ri'sbyteriiiii con- 
gregation of Trenton ibc snma by ua borein redpcctively 
Bubeoribed ; to be paid half-yearly^ in two equni iiaymciitfl 
during eacli and every yi.>ur tto said Mr, Spencer ehnll be 
and rouiain tbeir fl4<LUf?d ntlniatorf and pi'oacb alternately 






^^^B 




one third part of liis li 


Signers. 231 J 


mo at each botiAG as aforouvicj. In ^^^ 


tealTniOpy wliereof we 


have h«rGimtci »et onr hands vilh ^^| 


thn soreral sums Bii"bsi.'rib<}d ttia eiglilecnth day of No- ^^| 


Tcmber, Auuo Dom,, 1 


^H 


Samnel TucT<er, 


Samnd Bdlorjean, ^^M 


AJcxaiidcr Chani)>ors, 


Rkhard CoUitirf ^^M 


Bonj&inm Smitli, 


Hirhftril Temient, 1 


3i.'\iJi ClmTnl.iC'rs^ 


William Heediir, 1 


EbsEiPzer CcJweU, 


Samud Elli:^ 1 


1 Wniiara Tucker, 
Bonjnmm yar<]. 


James Wilaon^ 1 


William Smith, ^J 


EUjah Bond, 


Robort Booth, ^H 


1 William Bry.int, 


Elizabeth Bell, 


A. [Abigail] Hoxe, 


flayrge Brown, 


Archibald IVru, Yar^l, 


Godfrcj Wimer, 


David Pinkprton^ 


Lot I Danbar, 


Jnmoa Paxtcn, 


Hugh Campbell, 


Abnili.itti Colt mm, 


John Rceder, 


ir4--£cki:ih llcrwelli 


William Von Veghtt^r, 


Isaiic Dccow, 


Samutd Auderson, 


aiicajiih JIow, 


Ri<;hEiE-d llowcl), ^^l 


Mrs. [JcDii] Ciiminof^ 


BeiijaMitQ Woolflev, ^^M 


Dunlap Adams, ^ 


JaaicA Mntliia ^^M 


Joseph ETigbee, 


WiUiitm Fiilgcori, ^^M 


Hannah ilerscillca. 


George Creed, (June, J 7To,) 1 


lame SmUb, 


R. L, Hooper, (Sept, l""o,) ^J 


Ifliac Pearson, (1770,) 


Jcromiah AridorBon, ^^M 


Daniol Coie, 


Samitol Hill, ^1 


Jtihu Wigton. 


Robert Singor, (Sept. I77U) 1 


David llH^^lit, 


Job Moore, (1770,) 1 



232 



John CourloflT, (l711,) 

John Ctamliers, Jr., 
John Ely, 
Lewis Cise, 

Abrsibnm Hunt, (1772,) 
Craghcail Uylu, (1773,) 
Jo3c-]>h Cliinn, 
Andrew Wilson, 
Hugh Runyon, 
Jolin JumG>if 



Carle. 



John Clunn, 
Henry Drake, 
JamcEr Ashmoor, 
John Fitph, 
Mrs. LLveaoy, 
Joseph Brit lain, 
^nmiiel Henry, 
Aodrcw Heed, 
Joha Yard, 
Steplien Lowrey." 



The Trustees at the date of tliis agi'eemetit 
were Chai'lea Clark, Alexander Cham bere, Abra- 
ham Hunt, Joseph Reed^ Jr., Samuel Tucker, 
Obadmli Howel), and Daniel Clflrlc, 

Of the names ihuB brought before H3, which 
have not already been the subject of notice, I 
proceed to give ench particalars as I have been 
able to find, and as are consistent with the gen- 
eral purpose. 

Jacob Carle (elder in 1711) died on his farm 
in laOO. He left sons, John and^rael ; a grand- 
son, Jacob; daughtei'S, Hannah, wife of Aaron 
Vanclevc, and Elizabeth, wife of John Van Ma- 
ter. In a minute of the Trustees, March 31, 1787, 
it was "agreed that Mr, Jacob Carle, or hb Bon, 
Captain Israel CjitIOj attend Mr» Armstrong to 
the Presbytery^' In thechurch-porcli is a stone 



Cowclls —Tuckers. 



233 



marking the death of Eliza, wife of larael Carle, 

March 12, lYOO^ sged 39 yeara. Curie is a 
Huguenot name ; Jean Carlo wtia miniater of the 
French Protestant chui'ch in the city of N"ew- 
YortialTPjS* 

Benjamin SMini'a name will be commemorate 
ed in a future chapter. 

Ekkni'^zeh Cowell was a brother of the pastor, 
and his rueiduary legatee. He was chosen an 
elder for the town church, Jfay G, 1771. In 
1782-4 he was a member of the " Committee of 
the West-Jersey Proprietora/^ with Joseph Reed, 
Jr., Jonathan D. Sergeant, Clement Biddle, and 
Daniel Ellia. He died May 4, 179f). His wife 
Sarah died in 1774. His children were John, 
Ebenezer, Joseph, Robert^ Eunice, and Sarah, 
(Bowkby.) The eldest of these was a physician, 
and died in 1780. A ^* Hubert Cowell" died 
very suddenly, July 5^ l^'^S; and a "Joseph 
Cowell" died September _30, 180S, aged G3 ; and 
at Broadway^ Warren county, July 30, 1829, 
^ed, " Euuice Cowell, at an adrnnced age, form- 
erly of Trenton " 

William Tuorer was brother of Samuel 



« 



• Docutnentftry HUtory, rfli iii. p. 4BB- 
18* 



^3A 



Bond. 



Tufker, the trustee, and died Jannary 16, 1790; 
aged 55. Ilia wife^a name was Mercy ; tls sons 
William and Ell&t ; his daughter Mary, who 
was married to Jam&g E, Machett, a native of 
Trenton, ami ti memher of the coDgregation. 
Mrs. Machett died at St, Charles, Mieaourl, July 
20, 1333, ia her Tlst year ; Mr. Machett, at the 
same place, August 1, 1833, in Lis KOth year, 

Elijah Bond was probably an EpigcopallaD, 
but one of a number ivho had pews in the Prea- 
byterinn Church as well aa their own. By his 
will, proved in 17SG, he bequeathed five hun- 
dred pounds to St-JIichaeVs Church, the interest 
of which was to be paid to the minister, in addi- 
tion to his salary, provided one should be ap- 
pointed and should officiate within 3evea yeara 
after hU decease. 

In the Denton (rattle of June, 1?84, Elijah 
Bond advertises at public sale a farm on which 
Major Willian Trent had lately resided, within 
two miles of Trenton, and contjuning about seven 
hundred acres. This property is in the vicinity 
of Lamberton, and was purchased by Barut De 
Klyn» ftud in November, 1785, the mansion was 
destroyed by fire- It ia not much out of place 
in this connection to mention that Mr. De Klyn, 




Bryant 



23s 




who was a member of our church, waa of a 
Huguenot family, born in Boston, October 31, 
1V45, and died on his farm, September I, 1S24, 
A daughter of Mr. T)e Klyn — the widow of 
General Jobu Beatty — is among the living mem- 
bers of our church* In October, 1857, this ven- 
erable ladj, ''as a memorial of love to thia 
cbareh," presented a valuabl^i silver flagon, in- 
herited from her parents, which, according to her 
desire, the session accepted for the use of the 
nmuion-table, and to be kept without alter- 
ation. 

William BrtYANT wag a physician, and lu hia 
more advanced years, associated with him in 
practice the well-remembered Dr. Belleville. 
Dr. Bryant was a son of Captain William Bry- 
ant, of Perth Amboy, whose tombstone in that 
town records that he made fifty-five voyages be- 
tween New-York and London, and died in 1779, 
at the ago of 88. His wife sumved him- *' It 
is presumed," says Mr. Whitehead, "that they 
left two children — one son, Dr. William Bryant^ 
who was living at Trenton in 1776, and thence 
enpplied his mutLer's wants ; and one daughter, 
Maiy, who crossed the Atlantic with her father 
in early life, and resided some time in London, 



^.^ 



Yards — Coxes, 



whei^ sho became acquainted with tbe Rev. Dr 
Watfcs, nnder wtoae matmctiona she received 
those religioug inipressiooa which iu after life 
' brought forth frait abundantly/ heiug emiQOnt 
for her piety and t>eiievoIeoce, She became the 
wife of the Hon. Wiu. Peai-tree Smith, of New- 
York, and subsequently of New-Jersey— a scho- 
lar aiid !i Christian.^'* 

Aroitujald William Yard ivaa one of the sons 
of Joseph Yaid the Trustee. He died March 8, 
1810, at the age of 7S. BENJAinw, another sub- 
scriber, waa Joseph's brother. 

Mr&. AdioaiIi Cose and Daniel Cose were of 
the family of that name whii^h Tvaa one of the 
earliest and moat respectable among the large 
land-owners. Their more immediate memberahip 
was with the Church of EuglaUL), and their loy- 
alty to the mother-country survived the Revola- 
tion. In the'caae of Cose vs. Gulick, in 1829, it 
was contended that on the third July, 1 77C, Dauiel 
Cose, resiJiiig in Trenton^ was a subject of Great 
Britain, that be withdrew from the State iu 
1777, at the time of his decea^ lived under the 

* History or Perth Amlxy, p. HS. 



P 



Pi nk erton — Pax ton , 



237 



British Government, and never acknowledged 
allegiance to Kevv-Jeraey.* 

David Pinxertqn is supposed to Lave died in 
JT81, leaving a family of children named David, 
Jane, Ann, Jolin, Samuel, Joseph, William, and 
Mary, to whom, with hie wife^ he bequeathed hie 
" ahop-goods, cows and horses," dwelling-house and 
\o% ** with my two orchard lota and meadow lot, 
and my little fnrm where Joseph Roberts lives, . , 
I thus take my leave of a tronblesomo woild.^^ 
The witnesses of hta will were three of his co- 
signers in the eougregatiou — Howe, Moore, and 
"Woolaey. Another of them, Oecow, was an es- 
ecntor, and a fifth, Paxton, was the Surrogate 
before whom it waa brought to probate, Mr, 
Pinkerton's son and namesake was a clerk in the 
Trenton Bank, and is remembered for hb pasaion 
for fi^hiug in the Delaware after bank-hoora. 
The only stone in our yard that boars tho name 
of Pinkerfcon is that of a child (John) who died 
February 9, 1769, In August, 17?4, there waa 
a John Pinkcrton, Jr., ** intending shortly to re- 
move to Philadelphia," 

Joseph pAxroN waa the Surrogate just named, 

* HiiUtBd'B St^rla, r. 313. Sabbo'd ^.Tneriou Laftliflta. p, 232. 
Wl^ildiend'a Pertli Ainbof, p- 301. Flold'a Provlaclnl Oourli\ p. ISa. 



I 





238 



Cottnam* 



In the portico of the chnrch are memorinla 
Paxtons, namely : Joseph Paston, wLo died Sept, 
15, 1750 ; aged 48. (The Rev, Mr. Cowell was 
oneof hisexecutoi'B.) Jane Paxtou, June 1, 176S; 
27 years. Cliiklreo of Paxtons 174T-S. 

AunAnAM CoTTNAii was a luagiBtrate. In 
April, 1 778, liis executors (Robert IIoops^ his son- 
in-law, (iqJ George Cottaam, bis sod,) advei-tige 
for the recov(;ry of hia docketSj taken from the 
office of EheneKer Cowell, l^^^*^!-? when the enemy 
were in Ti-enton, They offer for sale what had 
probably been the testator^a residence, " Dowa- 
dale, near Trenton, on the Hopewell road-" 
His will, 'U'hich waa proved in February, 
1776, directs his body to be "laid in Trenton 
chnrch-yardj as near to my first wife and cliild- 
dren aa may be convenient, , < , • witU as 
little expense aa possible, consistent with de- 
cency " Robert Lettia Hooper and Beiyaruin 
Smith wero two of the witnesses of his will^ and 
Hon. Daniel Coxe was an executor. lie desired 
and entreated his friend, William Pldgeon^ Esfin, 
to assist the executors \nth his advice. His wife 
waa a daughter of Joaeph Warrell, Sen. He gave 
to bis son, Warrell Cottnam, all his law-books, 
including those which he claimed under the will 




Warrells. 



^39 



w 



of Josepli Wairell, Escj-i tte elder, fiml to the 
enme "his mother^s family-pedi^-ee roll by her 
mother's aide, bebg of the Bradf^baw family." 

TLe seaiur Warrell here alluded to, was Attor- 
ney General ia the admhmtralion of Governor 
Morris^ and died in 1 Ti'it*. lie left hb own pedi- 
gree-roll to bis son, his wife'a to Mrs, Cottnam. 
David Cowell and PetcT Kemhle w^ero mtneeses 
to the will. 

Joseph "Warrell, Jr., died in Trenton in 17^5. 
Hia will directed that his body be buried aa near 
as possible to hia pareiilH, in the Trenton church' 
yard, but if he should happen to die a consid- 
erable distance from Trenton, ''I will that by 
no means my estate shadl be put to the expense 
of a conveyance thitherJ' Hia grave is in our 
ground, near the church, and ia thus inscribed: 



" In the memory cf Jose|i?i Warrell, Esq., wlio departed 
Ms life MjLrdi 6lb, 1775 ; ageil 36 yvuTs. This atone is 
erecteil, tiol iioia pomp, or I'agenuii-y, but from true 

" Fpr olhcr thoMghta vmploy the widowtd wiic ; 
The liosl of hwBbunilfl, loved in private life, 
Bide lior with tcnrti to rntEC thU Imniblc ston^. 
That liolds hia sisIgb, and exp<^t.'ls h<?r own." 




21D 



Howe 11 — Dcco w — How. 



Heze£ijUi Hoa^'ell. ^'An aged and rt-spect* 
nblq iniaHtant ," of this nfttne, died October 15, 
ISOO. 

Ibaao Decow was for a time the Hig}i Sheriff 
of Hunterdon, Isaac Decow, Alderman, died 
Jnne, 1795, and was buried in the Friends' Meet- 
ing ground. Perhaps it was an ancestor of the 
family, of whom Dr. Franklin^a Autobiography 
makes nientitm, when he says that among the 
principal people of New-Jereey, with whom he 
made acquaintance in 1727, when he was piint- 
log paper-money fur the Pro vine*?, was "Isaac 
Decow, the Surveyor General, . , - a shrewd, 
aagacioDs old man, who toM me that he be^an 
for himself when young by wheeling day for the 
brick-makeraj learned to write after he was of 
age^ carried the chain for surveyors, who taught 
him aurveylngj and he had now by his industry 
acquired a good estate; ^ and,' said he, ^ I fore- 
see that you will soon work this man [Keimer] 
out of hia business, and make a fortune in it at 
Philadelphia.' lie had then not the least inti- 
mation of my intention to set up there or any 
where,*' 

MiCAJAD How was the second who bore the 
name of the old prophet. The first, a shoe- 




Higbee. 



241 




maker, died in 1740, who had a son Samuel, and 
a kinsman, Israel Ilewlings. Of this fainily waa 
tlie Rev. Thomas Yrirdley How^ for a time Rec- 
tor of Grace Church, (Episcopal,) New-Vurkj 
who had aahare in the celebrateil church co»tn> 
Tersy with Hohart, Linu, Beiisley, Mason, Miller, 
and othcra in the early part of the present century* 
The Trenton newspaper of Jaunary 14, 1709, an- 
noances the death of Micajah How, Esq-, formerly 
Sheriff ot the county of Hnntcrdon, and one of 
the Judges of the Conrt of Common Pleag op the 
County. In July, ISOT, Dr. WillLim Itioesly, of 
Chester county, Pennsylvania, was married to 
" Mary, daughter of the late Micajah How, Esq.^ 
of this place." January 1, 1S:U, died, "Mary, 
wife of Dr. Imlee^ and daughter of Micaj--ih 
How, Esq., tlecenaed, formerly of Treutou." 

Six of the subacribcra seem to have lived in 
the Banie neighborhood in February, 1T72, as at 
that time a fim broke out in the house of Dun- 
lap Adaros, and spread to those of Merseillea, 
Cumings, Moore, Pinkerton, and How. 

JosKi'ii HiGBiiK Jied in 1706, at the age of 
Boventy-aix. Another of the name died Decem- 
ber 12, 1820, in his sixty-fifth year. 

MsBsKiLLEs is a French faaiily which has had 
19 





H^ 



Merseillcsp 



its representatives with ns for a century. Peter 

Mersellii^ — as the name is on hia grav^ — died 

June 35, ITtll, fet. forty-three. He was a carpenter. 

His wife was Hannah , and lie bad a sou Ediu, EJeo, 

EdoQ, Edow, or Edo, according to the whim of the 

scrivener or copyist — ^perhaps, after all, a French 

termination attempted in Euglish, like EnJang 

and Udaog for Houdin, the rector of St 

Michael'fl* Edin or Edo Merseillea' will was 

proved in April, ISOO; he was then residing in 

PreknesSj Bergen county^ and his wife^s name is 

given fts Aureiiche and Aneanche. He left eons 

Peter, Edo, Cornelius, John, and Garret. His 

sbtera were Rachel, Mary, and Elizabeth, His 

daugbtifi's, Anna, Catyj Arreanche, and Jenny: 

a gi'amSson, Adrian Van Houten, An Eden 

Merseillea, mei-chant, died at Eridgeton, January 

13, 1808, ia his forty-ninth year, *' He had been in 

business longer than any other person in town." 

Henry Maredi.'i was a brewer in Trenton until 

his death, in J7'^3> His will mentions a sister 

Catherine, and brothers Peter and John* There 



* Vduc^ of tlieM bladdvnBTQmirftTDarkDtileas duo upon a marble now 
etADdiiig la KbriLampiun. HuKiL;ni»UH, <ui the grave of * "dbiifhlOT 
of Llie H«Tr JauAlban Hdvranl% Pr^oijout oP PrenieSa CoLlcgo^ Htyjr- 
Joreey." 27or daaa tliia o^ukI a profbaoed qii"(:kUi]a Trnju a aenaaa uf 
Edward Irving, In a wurk oT lir. Wilkd, Londoji, lSfi4, vh«rtf Its I'fh*- 
tjtoritJ catgait lb daIM an '^ ccC9 Jaim" ! 



Isaac Smith. 



243 



was a John Mer-^elo^^^ of Hopewell, wiioae Trill, 

IE 1784^ requires that fifteen gf-eae aboald be 
kept on tile farm to supply feath*'!^ for the beda 
■which he bequeathed to hid daughters* IJe had 
a son, John Holder. 

Isaac SsaTii was at first a physicino, and per- 
haps never wholly relircLuished the profession; 
but at a time when the constitution of the high- 
est judlciaiy department of tht' State allowed of 
l:iy-jiiil^es, Mr, Rmitli was ]>]aced on the Supreme 
Court beach, (February 15^ ITTT^) Henoe, 
when he waa elected a trustee of the corgrega- 
tioD, Mart'h 12, 1758^ Li^ name is entered as 
** Doctor Isaac Smith, Esquire " Hia titles might 
have been extended; for he was Oolonel-Com- 
niJLndant of the militia in the neighborhood of 
Trenton in the campadgn of 1770. He waa the 
first President of the Trenton Banking Company, 
haviug heeu elected to that poat on the inatitu- 
tion of the Bank, Febrnary 13, 1805, and con- 
tinued in it until hia death. He served eighteen 
years on the bench, " during which time/* ac- 
cording to his ohitnary, *' he was tdao elected by 
the Buflrjiges of the people flf New-Jersey, at n. 
general State election, to the honorable station 
of a member of the House of Kepreaentativee of 




244 




Smiths. 



the United States, where hia high chai-acter far 
political wiadom antl tried iniegrity was known 
and duly appreciated by all his co-patriolfi, and 
particularly by the illuBtnoua Washington and 
Adam^ with whom he enjoyed the uitimacy of 
particnlai' fiienddhip.'' Hia epitaph is : 

"Isaac SiiiTH^ Esq.j died August 2fltb, 1907, iii tho 
aiity-eighlh year of bia nge. With integrity and boncAt 
intoQtioDH, aa a pliyflician and a judge, to tho best of hia 
ahility, h« <Ustributod health and juatic"? to bis fclTow-iiieo, 
and died in hopes of mercy through a IteilL'eniur." 

Of his wife, who died in 1801, the comprehen- 
sive character is graven on an acijoioing stone : 

"Sbe was wbat a woman ocght U> ba" 

It appears by other inscriptions that three sons 
preceded theirparenis to the grave: Edward,loat 
at sea, in 1791, at the age of tw<?uty-fiv^; John 
PenningtoQ, in 1707 ; and Charles, Lieutenant of 
the first United States Regiment, in 1800, aged 
thirty-two. Oneof the bequests of Dr^Smith's will 
was iL3 follows : '^ To the Truatces of the Presby- 
terian Church iu the city of Trenton, one hun- 
di'ed dolUii-s, witlf tlie interest that may arise 
thereon, to be applied towards building a new 
chureh; and provided, alao, that they keep the 



Bell<?rjraus and nthers. 



HS 



. 



tombstones of myself and family in good repair. 
I have no descendants to perform tliis duty," 
Ilia execntora were Lydia Imlay of Trenton, 
Richard Stockton of Princeton, and Edward 
Pennington of Philadelphia. 

Samuel. Bellekjeau ivaa a nephew of Samuel 
Tucker. His wife was Achsah; daughters, Han- 
nah Gee and Sarah Brearley ; son9, Heuiy, Ben* 
jamiu, John, Samuel^ Thomas^ and Daniel. He 
died July S, 17D5, at the age of fifty-sis, and his 
grave-atone i,^ one of those that pave the portico 
of the preaeut (fhureh, 

Godfrey Wuiee. I find no more thnn that a 
pereon of this name died in Nottingham town* 
ship, June 5, 1801. 

Bkll. The only traces of this fumily arc in 
the church-yard : Janiea Bell, (prubably the 
signer of Mr, Cuwell'a call,) September 10, 
1747; age, seventy. John Bell, November 10, 
178S; age, foi"ty-sis. 

VoN or Van Veohtew and VKonTE occur fre- 
qaently in the Dutch churches of Somerset 
county, as eoraniemorated in the ^'Pastor's Me- 
morial" of the Rev. Dr. Messier, of Soraerville, 

(isr^a.) 

WooLSKY has long been a highly respectable 





246 



Math is — Pidgeon. 



family in the toT\''n9liip and town* Benjamin was 
elected elder in 179?, bat declined. Dr, Jeremiah 
Woolsey, '^formerly of Trenton," died in Cincin- 
nati, FebtTiary 9, 1834^ in his eixty-fiftb year. 

MatitlSj BOiiietiTiiea Matliias, aod probably 
also Mathews, The house of Captain -Tamea 
Matbia, deceased, at Lainberfcon, waa advertised 
fursnle lu 1V^>6- 

AViLLiAii PiDQEOW, already named in the no- 
tice uf Mr. Cottnam, died at Stafford, Monmouth 
county, Jano.irj' 5, 1780. Elizabeth Cottnam 
appeal's in hla will, anion^ his relativeSp lie left 
fifty pounds to tlift Methodist Society of Trenton^ 
" for the repair of their raeeting-houae," He also 
put three thousand pounds at the discretionary 
disposal of his executors, for charitable purposes, 
and " for the relief of my negroee as they may 
merit it.^^ To the logistratdon of bis will 13 ap- 
pended this paragraph : ''Note, that the wiihin 
named William Pidgeon was bo burnt by getting 
out of bx3 house when on fire, that he could not 
hold a pen to writt? his name, but a mark as above, 
and escaped in liia shirt " From the testimony 
before the Surrogate, and from the newspapers, 
it appears that two children of GaptjiTu Isaac An- 
drews, two men-9ervaiit9, and a }ured man, were 



Crec d — Hoopc n 



247 




burnt to Qeatb at tliis tiine, and that the Are waa 
the eouso of the fiitol illness of Pidgeon himself. 

GF-onoK Creed irns o physician. He removed 
to New-Jeraey from Jamftiea, Long Island, of 
which tois'n William Creed waa one of the pa- 
tentees In IfiSG. Dr-Creed nas born in Jamaica, 
October 1, 1735, and resided for sometime in 
Flemington, before coming to Trenton. He 
married Saaanna Coleman, of Maidenhead, in 
1T02, who died in Trenton, September 24, 1835, 
ia her ninety-fourth year. Dr- Creed died sud- 
denly, of apoplexy, on a visit to Janniicjij about the 
year 17i5. His daughter, Mi?. Abigail Creed 
Ryall, stUl survives, (1859,) in the ninety-first year 
of her age, having been a comrauuicaDt of our 
church for about eixty-tbree yeara. 

Eoci^T Letti3 Hoofer, The first person of 
thia name was Chief-Justice of the Province from 
1Y24 to 172s, and again from l'i29 till hia 
death in 1739. In an advertisement of February 
18, 1755, occurs the name of "Robert Lettia 
Hooper, now li\'ing at Trenton i'^ and that of hia 
son, Reynald, is in the lottery prospectus of 1753, 
copied in our Sij:th Chapter, Robert L. Hooper, 
t^^ had a store in PhiladelpLia, in December, 
1762; was Deputy Quarter Master General in 



248 



Hoopers. 



1778 ; and waa a Judge of the ComnioD Pleaa of' 
Hunterdon in 17S4, Kobert Lettis Hooper died 
April 25, ns,'), in hia seventy-seTenlh year^ and 
was Imried in the Episcopal gronnd in Trenton, 
In Avffu^tf of tho eamo year, the death of a 
stranger (Ebenezer Erakine) is announced "at| 
the seat of Robert Lettis Hooper^ near Trenton," 
and Mr. Hooper was one of Lia acting executors, 
A paper of November 7» 17S5, says ; "Since our 
lai5t tlie Hon. Robert Lettis Hooper, Esq., has 
been elected Vice-President of the Legislative 
council, in the room of John Glevea Symmes, 
appointed to Congress" In 1796, *'Died at 
Belville, near Trenton, Mis. Elizabeth, wife of 
Robert L Hooper, Eeq." July 30, 1797, died 
** the Hon. Robert Lettice [so spelled Bonietinies] 
Hooper, formerly Vice-President of this State, 
in hia aisty-seventh year." Soon afterwards \s 
advortieed for eale " that elegant seat called Bel- 
ville,late the residence of K. L. Hooper/' on tho 
Delaware, and containing one hundred acres, 
Belville was the Sinclair and Rutherford country- 
seat already mentioned- It 19 advertised in Sep- 
tember, 1806, by Join Ruthfiford, as ^ the sum- 
mer residence of the aobsoriljcr in the city of 
Trenton," having three hundred and thirty 




Singer — Clunns. 



249 



acres on both sidea of tlie river, aiid one of the 
lota between the new street and Colhouii'd Inne, 
including "Proapt'ct Hill." This exliauata my 
memoranila of this name in the list of the con- 
trihutors to Mr. Spencer'i^ aniary. 

RoBRUT SiNtJEi! wuB at one time connected in 
merchandiBe with Bernard Hanlon, and fit an- 
other in the anction Imsiness with Francia Witt- 
Witt kept a public house; at one time ^'the 
Blazing Star," at another, " an ordinary at the 
sign of Dr. Franklin, near the market" The 
?rusteea eometimes held their meetings at hia 
izuu 

JoitN CLcraif lived in Lamljerton. In Angast, 
1781, the Gaz^te mentions the death of the 
'widow of John CUunUi aged eighty-three, " and in 
the evening of the eame day, the weather being 
very warm, Ler rcraainsj weie intciTed in the 
(Episcopal) ohnrch hnrying-phice." 

Joseph Cluns appeals in the Revolution aa 
"Captain in the State Regiment." In 1785 
"Captain Clunn" kept an inn which bore the 
eign of Alexander the Great, In the Episcopal 
ground iire the graves of Joseph Clunn, Sen., 
who died in IT OS, aged fifty-nine; and of John 
H. Clann, 17V>3, aged tiveiity-eight- In the 



' 



ISO 



John Fitch, 



Piesbyterian grooDd is tbe grave of Amey 
Cloiia, December 12, 1S34; aged eeventy-sis- 

JonK Fncn 13 one of the historical names of 
America, in connection witb the invention or 
introduction of navigation by steam. He was a 
native of Connecticut, where bia father was " a 
moat streDHoas Presbyterian," In May, 1769, 
he came to Trenton, and Matthew Clnon, a tin- 
man, employed him in the manufacture of brass 
buttons. He also picked np some knowledge of 
the Tvatcbmakor'3 trade* Clunn^a next door 
neighbor was James Wilson, a silversmith, who 
employed FitcL as a sort of apprentice; but ia 
a short course of time Wilaoii faileJ, and became 
Fitch's journeyman. One of hia biograpIiersBaya; 

** Hifl skiU and peri^sverance booq Qonbbd liim tc^mnaUr 
Iha difficulti'jJi of hia callmg, and money Lpgan lt> flow in- 
to hia pockota. Wlion tlie vnr of llip American R4?vo[niioQ 
coraiuence^l, lo wna well caUblishcd, doi:ig au cKloiwive 
biiameafl, Tlio faculty of acquiring property appears to 
have Ijccn in him as strong na Lii^ dis)>03itian to Epoml 
it when acquitt'd. Ilia shop mid iU eontenta were esti- 
iTiBtGd at throe iliouBatid dollars when tho British army 
entered the TillagQ of Trenton, Tho tixiops wern aUract- 
ed to it, bccansc he had large contracta for tic repair of 
American arms. Tlicj prooocderl to bum the cntablieh- 
ment, and destroy tho tools and all his viable property." 






John Fitch. 251 



When the first military coTflpany wa3 formed 
at Trenton, in support of the Revolatioii, Fiteh 
was one of the lieutenants, aoJ had that rank 
in tho cantonmeot at Vnlley Forge. The Com- 
mittee of Safety afterwards made him their gan- 
araith, or armorer, and he was expelled fi"om the 
'*MetLodiat Society'^ for working at that busi- 
nesfl on the Sabhath. He had a quarrel with 
Alexander Chauibei's, in the Commissary de- 
partment, and with John Yard, about niilitury 
rank- When the pueiuy entered TrentoUj in 
DecemTier, 1776, Fitch removed to Bncka county. 
He attended the Presbyterian charch of Nfr 
shnniony, of which the Rev. Nathaniel Irwin 
was for many years the minister, and who ap- 
pears to have taken much notice of hia ingenuity. 
It was on Lis return afoot from tliat church, 
lame with rheumatism, that the passing of vehi- 
cles caused him to feel the contrast with his owa 
diiBcult locomotion, and suggested the idea of 
"gaining a force by ateam,'* that would relieve 
pedeatrians of their disadvantage.* Aft^r mak- 

* '* I do cerurjr Uiat T wtfl rflUimlrg with JoTrn Flidi fmm iho N^ 
BhktBiBB/Di^tJDg, BOin« ^iHb ia April, n&^.as o&ox I cut rwioUocC Um 
tio^c, wLcD a ^utJemiii mid .;lo wifb pasiffi by u< ia a riiJuig'CtiBk ; lie 
I immadiAtelf £Tev iutLeciive la wbikt I eaid. ficma liine ASter bo Il> 



tJ 



252 



John Fitch. 



iDg the firat draft of a steam-power, Mi". Ii*wi 
showed him, iu '*Martiii'd Philosophy" that the 
steam-engine had been already invented, an 
that the deaiJeratnni iras to apply it to navig. 
tion. It was to the Neshamony pastor that Fit 
addressed his autobiography, 'which was deposi 
ed nnder seal in the Philadelphia library, with i 
junctions that it was not to be opened until thirt 
years after the inrentor's death. Stacy Po 
waa one of the company formed to assist FItcI? 
in hia experiments, and hu^, with Isaac Smith, 
Robert Penraonj Jr., Samael Tncker, Abraha 
Hnntf and Rensselaer William?* John and 
Charles Clann, and others of Trenton, gave their 
names to the application to the Legislature 
1790, which obtained for him fourteen years' 



■M 



fonoCil mo that at tlint infttuit tbo Jlm idn of a Htcmiibnt atfuck hlv 
mind James Ooilhee." (FiWli'a Fumf^ilfit, riiUadelpbia, ITBH; r^ 
ptiotcd m DcFOumcQLaiy Hiatarj of Non-Tork, tdI. iL) 

■ RenffiGluer Willianjfl Wda a JuBLi^ oC Lbe Tv^cv. In 17B1 he 
Ltbrunin of tba '^Tr^Dtoa Librtrf Couipaaf ,'* Hewad j^nfrorLha Ibuul- 
vm, m that yo^, cf the '^Trenloo Q;:1]Ool Oompuir/^ or Academj. 
wu TaanA iJdhJ In ttis ntref t« opposiU the 6lalo Hooa^ Ir^cemb^, I7i 
HU gfTAve Lfl in the Ejriflocpat grouad, vrhcra his Bgo ia glvc^ at eizij- 
fbur. AiJJDuiLUK il js the gnve of RfzuflH-laer WilUani^ Jr, wlio died At 
the )ii>^iM of Abrnham Uijnt^ in ISOl ; aged tbiftj-throD roaia H« 
in nurcntilA iDuaiaeA ia OocpDralgwxi, NttwYork. 




Fitch's Nfap and BoaL 



HI 



elusive priuilego on tliis 6ide of the Delaware- 
His hont Perse V trance made several trips be- 

tn'eeii Philadelpliia and Treutoo in that year* 

Fitcb visited the Western States, and was for 
some time in captivity among the Indians. In 
Collina*3 Tf^itoii Gazitie^ of July, 17S5, is the 
following advertisement; 

'* Jolin Fil.ch Lttviiig li'aYerscd tiie oouctry nortli-weBt of 
Uii; OEiio, m tlio heverJil caiKidLie^uf a cajilive, a survey t»r, 
nuil a travcftcr, as tlic result of PtJs labors aaJ rcmarka bad 
coinplotetl, &M'\ now wldios to sell, a new, ai?cHrato Map t»f 
that ooaiitry, gonorally dislingruHhpd by tlie Tt-n New 
Stales, iiiclmling Kcnmck^, wliich opona LnimcnHQ sources 
of K^^lih and jLtlvuiLl-agtioi.is epccufutiuQ to tht; ciLiT^t^ns 
of the United Stales, and tberofore ia on object of general 
aitcnlion. Having performed tbe ongraving and priuling 
lum^olf, ha la eaabbd to scJl nt tho yory amfill price of ft 
Frenth croUTi. 



* II WBS DUO of ?ItcL*a DT Kiimnej*a r^iporimPLtA Ihst I'^imkliu wrolo 
or Iq Plillad(jlpLifc» October, 1788: "Wo have no phiJoMphiofll n(JW« 
bare at prpHut, eicijepl iliot a boi^ moTCil by 4 Btewn-eoKiuet rowB LLflalf 
ftgairiHC tidn In Dur nvtr, nnd it i?4 npprebended t^ie conHtrutrivon mnj 
bo BO Aimplifirci aad impraTf <1 ms lo hecocao gcDonllr U6#fal/' (Spariib^a 
Franklin, x. 30;^.) I bavoKLa » leUvroTFLLelL Lo Stiie> PjtU<, Phlladol- 
filiit, JaLj 2t, I7HG, ]u wLich t^- expr'-qiea Lho greal^pt 'utiftrftctiou id 
lili pronpeclfu '^ Wo bave now tried evcrr pari, aui rtductd it to u mt- 
UiD ft thing M w^ be, tbot vra vlmil nat oome alion ikf Lifu iniloi per 
honr, If Dot IwclTOorfuurleop. I wiU eaj fourlaott in tUaory auJ ion La 
prMllee, " 

20 



S4 



Jolm Fitdi, 



**N_ B,— -TliGy are sJso to be sold by Etias Kelsej, 
PrincctQii, and by iLe printer hereof." 



It 13 sail] that tbia inaj*, projticteJ and engnr 
ed by himi^elf, wa^ piiotej also by hiin in a 
Bucks county clder-prerts. In May, 1785^ Le 
wrote to his patron, Potte, from Buckei^ tliat liia 
njflp ia so far formed that he "shall ivant paper 
for it thirty iacUea by tweiity-tUret.', unci would 
Tviah to ace you on tLc oceasioB, bnt am so en- 
gaged thiit I caa not spare the time to go over 
to Trenton" 

In November, 1T85, Fitch gave to the Gov- 
ernor of Virginia (Pntrii:k Ileury) a boful for 
thive hundred and fifty pound?, " conditioned for 
exhibiting his ateiimboat" on the watera of that 
State, ^' when he receives subscriptions for one 
thousand of his maps, at C'V. 8'/. each. 

From the Methodiata and Pre^l -y teriaiis, Fitch 
went over to the llDiver^alists. One of his bio- 
graphers says he yraa "a drirjkiuy niau" in 
his l;iter year9, " but it is h**lieved he was not a 
drunkard." Another says he w:ia "a man of 
extremely temperate habits for that time." The 
latter writer attributes his death to '* gradual 
Buicide'* by the use of spirituons liquors, and saya 



rlson — SmitI 



255 



lat he "foretold tlie lengtli of time that his con- 
stitution would survive, by a inathematlcfLl ratio 
of debility,"* Hut tlie version of the othcr> :md 
latest autUor, is that being ill, he piirpo-^ely made 
one dose of twelve opium pilla, which had 
been directed to he taken at jnterval3.+ He 
died fit Bnrd^towu, Iveiitiicky, in 17l*S. "Will 
a delny of half a century," asks his biographer 
of 1847, *^in rendering public justice to the 
■Watch-nirtker niid giinHiiikh "f Trenton, vvenken 
ithe obligations of his connlrymen to admii'e his 
genius ?" 

James Wixsof* was probably the ailversmith 
mentioned in the preceding article. His father 
lad prospered in Perth Aniboy ; ami Wilson, 
laving some patrimony, neglected his trade and 
bet'jtme intemperate. It was upon liis Ijecommg 
involved in some res po usi bill ly in Wilson^s bual- 
nepfi, that Fitch undertook to pay thtj debt, liy 
tjikitig bis tools, when the ma-stcr and jouraey- 
nian exchanged places, 

WiLLiAif Smith was the name of the lanrHord 



• Memoir bj riinrlCH WIilLUfwy, In Spurka's Libraij uf AaieriCTD 
BiogTopLjr, rul. svi. UH. 

t life, drawu friffn Lis AulobJoKraptij iu tUa PliikJolpluft Llbrfry : 
bj TlioiDpsoii Wwleoti, 18fi7- 




256 



Brittain, 



of whom Fitch hired a room in Trenton 
lie curried uu the niiinufjitit^ire of silver :ind brnaa 
buttons for poddliag. The only place in wLic^i 
I find the name 13 in an inacrii^tion in the grav^^^ 
yard, the age of the subject of wbicb is rather 
too young for a aubsciibcr io 1770. 



"In affi^clionntc rem omhraiico, from s. borofl <>on90rt 
and latlicrl^as ofl^prbig of Williuin Smitb, who died Ap 
nth, Uft9, flgGil forty yuara," 



.* 

-u 



Joseph BRiTTAm was a shoemaker, and a man 
of property. He wns the priiicipsd owner of the 
lot on which the State House ie built. In Jan- 
nary, 1703, he conveyed two and a quarter acrea 
to the Corn miss Ion era of the State for the nom- 
inal price of five shilling, and in February, of 
the same year, three qnarters of an acie for bix" 
ty-eevon pouoJs and ten shillings.* Mr. Brit> 
tain was a member of thia church from 1809 to 
1S13, when his connection ceased in consequence 
of his having embraced doctnuea too much at 
varj/incQ with those of our communion for bis 
comfortable continuance. 



• Oh tho aune dnj Wllle&u Rksdkb («!ili?b nwae h *1w ■monB the 
■Sg^nMuTM) Mnvoj^ ono (jtiartw of nn acre Tot Ihc Bwnc puipoaft, «| Uo 
pTJce ofnLcty-tno poUTid? Leu BhUiagB; and Gaorge Ely bfllf aa ten tbt 



^ 





Henrys 



257 



Sawtjel Henbi' 



wfts a large 



owner of real 
esUite lu Treiitou an J elsewhere. lie devise J to 
his children estcnslve tracts in Nottinglmm and 
Trentoo, iucluding '^ the old iroit-work?i,'' antl in 
PeniisylvauiH, His cliildreTt (mentioned iiidivj- 
dually 03 son or dnughter of ''Mary Ogilbee'') 
were George, Samuel, Francea, and Mary. lie 
left a property in Trenton to Mary Yard, d:iugii- 
tcrof William Yard, on condition of her keeping 
it ns a comfortnhle homo for hia cliihlreu dunng 
thrir miaority ; mating special reference to th« 
yacatioiigof his sons whc-n they abould beetudenta 
at PriDcetou College. TLeir iiaiuea, however, nre 
not on the Catalogue. Mr- Henry had j\ brotlier 
Alexander in Ireland, whose son ArtLtirll. is pro- 
minent as the fii'^t legatee in his will, hnt ia dis- 
posed of with fiveshdli[]g9. Ho left a contingent 
legaoyof three hniidred pounds *' to tie Truateea 
or managei's of the Engli-^h Church in Trenton, for 
the maintenance and support of an orthodox min- 
ister," In the yard of that church are the tomb- 
etonegof Samuel lIemy,Jauuary9,1795, tweuty- 
fonr ycara; Samuel Henry, May 10, iVSi, sixty- 
seven yeai's; George Henry, October 93, 1S46, 
seventy-eix years. The wives of Geoige Henry 
and Aaron RWoodfufr; Attorney General, were 
20* 



2S8 



Kunyon — Lowrey, 



siatera — Mary and Grace, daughtera of Thomas 
Tx>wrey, Tijere i^ n fourtt st«tni in tlie group, 
mai-kod Mrs. Mary Henry, Jnnnary 23, 1S04; 
twenty-niae yeara. There died in Bloomsbiiry, 
Jflnuary 5, 1832, " Katy WiMk, ft native of 
Africa, agod one hundred and twelve years. 
She was formtrly a domestic in the family of 
Samuel Uenry, Sen,, of Trenton/' 

Hron Rl'nyos, or Runynn, built one of the 
few good lions^ noiF standing in Lnniljerton, 
lately of the estate of John E. Smithy pPoLably 
ineluded in fifty acres in Nottingham township, 
wLivli Runyon conveyed tii Elijah Bund in 1777, 
He removed to Kiugwood, and died there, I 
have seen a deed of lTi)9, in which he conveyed 
land to hid son, Daniel C- Ruoyon, of Nottingham. 

ftraPHEN LowRKY married Sarah, daughter of 
the Rev. Mr Sjiencer. He had been a merchant 
in Maryland, but after his marriage in Trenton 
resided there, and f^jr some time, at least, at the 
parsonage ; as there are ailvertisetuynts of "Ste- 
phen l/>wrey, at the Itev, Mr. Spencer's," offer- 
ing *' the highest price for loan office bilU on 
the ComuiiBsionei3 in France" Ho appears tiso 
to have been connected with the Comnii^^riat 
DepaHment in the Ilevolntion ; as in November^ 



Unity. 



'59 



1779, he offered a rewArJ of n thouaand dollars 
(Contitientftl currency) for nine barrels of floor 
stt^ltu from " the Continental atoi'e-house at 
Trenton." Mrs. Lowrey'a grave is next to tbat 
of herfatlier. Elsewhere in the ciiurch-yard is a 
stone marked Tliomftg L'jwTey, Jr., March 11, 
1803; age, thirty-one. 

Of this sort was the congregation to wli!ch 
Mr. Spencer came to minister. At a tims when 
neither the Kpiacopaliana nor Presbyterians 
were strong enough to infLintain pastors for the 
exclusivQ gervice of iheir town churches^ a num- 
ber were accustomed to hold pewa in Ixith, thiit 
they might Lave the opportunity of woi"ship in 
one or the other place ev~ery Lord's day. There 
seema to Lave been no difficulty even in hoLling 
officer alternately in both. Of the snb^cril>erj 
to the f^eement when Mr. Spencer was cjilled, 
the name3 of Pidgeon, Bond, Coxe, Hooper, 
Cotlnora^ Ho^, Docow, Singer, Witt, Clunn, and 
Adani8 are to be found among the Wiirdena and 
Vestrymen of 8t» MichaeVa between 1755 and 
1783, Prom July 7, 1776, to Jnouary 4, 1783, 
that cLttrcL wag not opened at all for divine 
service. 




Db. Spznceb's Minjstrt. — Kevoldtionaby 

IwCIDENTd IK TkEKTOS- 

i7Ta— 1V80, 

I?f tlie year 1773 there appears to have been 
a rearniTigeraent of the pew-holdingj probalily 
in consequence of some addition to the number 
of pews. A mcctiag of the congregation took 
place on the seyeuteeath May, *' for regulating 
and granting seats and pewa in the nieeting- 
houae." Certain pews — from one to twenty-four 
^^k — are direeted to be "numbered," and they are 
^m "rated;' from £i 10^. in the gallery, to £3 lO*-. 
^H below. It was ordered that 

I 



"Every persoc, or persona, eniitlcd tit a pew by 
origmal jmrohaj^e or ^Tanr, bo coiiliniictJ in ibcii" i%)ii, 
on l]j:3 or tli(^ir paying their aimual aabacnption or nkte, 
in pro]»oi1Jon to the bizc of the pew such ]>er9on may pc»- 
Boas ; not under forty shiliingE, nor I'lcoeJin^ throe pounds 
ten Hhiiliiigs/' *'Willinm P^llorflon mndc npplioaiion f<>p 
one haJr of any [lew below BtJiirK/* " JameH Peak □pplit?J 




Spencer. 



261 



fijr one Ijulf of Mr. PiJgeoii^fl ppw in tlie gallery : in erwe 
Mr, PMgcon sboulJ givu k up, lio would give filieea sliil- 
linga por aunam for Llie halC 

There is no recort to show wlien, if at all, Mr. 
Spencer was installed in Treufon, At his recep- 
tion hy the Presbytery, in 1771, it was witliout 
the meotioii of any particular charge- One 
cause tlmt prevented this, may have been the 
coDfusion and uncertainty arising out of the 
state of pablic affaira in colonies approaching ft 
revolution. ITla patriotic spint may liave fare- 
ttougbt that he should be called^ if not like hie 
co-pr^byter, Witliei-spoon, to the public conncila, 
yet to a letnra to his ehaplaiocy in the army. In 
Itt'^ sucIl an opportunity of serving both his 
country and Church was presented, and it ori- 
ginated 10 the impressions made during hia mis- 
Bionary visit to North-Carolioa* In December 
of that year a special meeting of the Presbytery 
was summoned at Princeton, to hear an applica- 
tion from hini- He then stated that in conae- 
qnence of a lesolution of Congress, he had been 



• ThB ProTineifl] Ci^iigwB* of y«wJofiej, which Hat Jrora Ontob^r 
Ath to <!8th, in&r hod iheir daily ae»otiB openod iHlb ptAyor. Ur. 
SpoaOflT waa tho fLmt to offtclFXlQ ai cbaptalu. 



262 



Patriotic MifTion 



invited by tlie Jelegfttea of Nortli-Caroliua ta 
take a journey tliither, *'and preach ftud con- 
Terse for some timt- jiraong those peo})le, as their 
case is exh^emely critical." Dp. Witherspoon 
was Moderator of the meeting; fiiu] the minute 
m tliat ^' the Presbytery most cheerfully acquiesce 
with the motion, and appoint Sir. Spencer to 
comply with the request ; and appoint anpplies 
for hia sevei'ul congregations during his absence ; 
and ordered that the Moderator fiirnisU Mr- 
Spencer with proper testimonials to the churches 
of Christ in North-Carolina." 

lu the Journal of the Coatinental Congress^ of 
December 20^ 177.'), is this minute: 

^^Keaolved, That OTfU'r*! be ilrav^"n on llie Trefisnrers* 
in Cavot of llie Rev. Mr- Eiiliu Sppncor nnrl tim Rev. 3lr 
Alexander )Iu4;whr>rlt^r, ivlio linvrr iirKlcrl?ikeij tu go to 
North-CaroUuu, for the auin of one hmi(lie<l and Lwonty 
(loilrir^ each, hcluQ tlircc montlia' advanc^i thcj to be 
ficconatablo*" 

The Inte Mre. BiJd!e» of C/irlisle, Pennsyl- 
variia, a daughter of Dr. Spencer, who survived 
him until IsTjS, gave lo me in 1841 the follow- 
ing meraoranduQi of this miasion : 

"In the begioning of iIjg Revolutionary contest my 



to the South. 



263 



fiitber and Dr. Macwboner, of Newark, were appoinied 
liy Congress to viait the laorc remote parli* i*f Virginia, 
Georgia, Xofth mid Sijutli-Caroliiia, fur iLu purpoHc ut'in- 
foiming the settlers lliero, vtho were at ibe lime exceed- 
ingly ip^ora at, of the eausG of IhoRevolutifm and tbe i:ecea- 
lity of atandiDg forlb in defeuaeoflhoir Hyht and coiiuiry, 
Tbis circuniBUinoe mside mj fftthor very obnoiious to the 
BriLLsb, wlio fiuttereJ Lis librfliy wiLh nil the wrilinga of 
his whole life to be burnt aud entirely dcalrujed." 

A daugliter of Mra. Biddle has since written 
to me that she has frequently heai'd her niotlier 
relate the incidents of that period, and tlieir seri- 
ous conseqnencea to the zealou3 advocate of In* 
dependence, after hig return to Trenton, which 
waa soon in the centre of wai-fjtre. His Inter- 
ference was considered rebellion, and the author- 
ities of the royal government offered a reward 
of a hundred guiccHs for his head. 



"Thw was ktjown," soye my ooirospondont, "to tlic 
American offieevs, and ore of tbem (I tbink Genentl fier- 
cer) SGct a meflserger to him in th^* night to say that I he 
Brilisli army were rit^r, fliid that he must fly for bi^ life. 
My raotber was nbo«t nine years old^ jind rucoliects per- 
fectly the panic and Sight in the middle of the nigbt. 
They wont to St, Lieorgo'a, in Uekwato, where Iboy wcvq 
treated wiib ihe utmost kitidiies* and afftclion. My 
gniadfutber [}teuebed ibcru until it was «hfe to return to 



zG4 



Loffea. 



Trculon. On iLe return of thu family they fotiail tlioir 
furniture. Looks, niiii prkpcrs do3tn>3'utl, fiihl the house 
itsi^lf BO much LDJurcd ihut kt w^ ecart^cly iiiiLitable, Afy 
motlivr has oft^n told me that her father was so dL^cour- 
aged hy tTie loiis of Im papers, ihnt frutii th^t tiiui; be 
never wrote another Bctmon ; preaching merely Jroia 
flhort notes." 



In 1781 tbe Legislature of Xew-Jersey ap- 
pointed Comtnissionei"8 to ** procure an e&tiTDate 
of the tlamages snstaineiJ hy the inhahitants 
of this State from tlie wnste and spoil com- 
mitted by the troops in the serriee of the 
enemy, or their ailherents." Peter Gonloc, 
Sidney Berry, and Joaeph Pliillipa were the 
Cominiasionera for Hauterdou county. From 
their report we can ascertain minutely the loss 
suffered by Dr, Spencer, and also that of the 
Church corporation. In the return of tbe former 
are given, "five hundred and twenty-four panel 
fence, four rails with post;'' "oue huuJred and 
Bixty-aevcn panel of red cedar post and rail- 
fence, good as newj" Agricultural implements, 
wheat in tbe stalk and in the ground, cattle, fur- 
niture, maps, clothing, cbinfl, glas^, three spin- 
ning-wheels^ provisions ; '* stsible totnlly destroy- 
ed/' To this inventory Dr. Spencer adds: 



Lofses. 



i6^ 



. 



"A Jnrgo chest a»d bjirr^^L of books, p^ickoU clMr?, but 
the particular volumes I cilu nob romcmber or fully recol- 
lect. Among ihcTii w^t& all ihe achooUboolw uml dawte* 
in Grct'k und Lutlii ; a lirge cullectloa of ILebieiv buolUf 
rrcTich dictionarjj grammar, and Bible, and severul other 
books in PVonch ; Foo?s Annt^tatiouH on tlie Kibk', Batca^ 
Wt>rk« tn large Iblio, Willard^s "Works, with hia liody of 
Divinity; six large vol lira ps of Caryl upon Job ; Pope's, 
Swifl'a, and Addiaon'a Works ; Mr. EiJIivards'a Works, of 
Nortbampton, with a number of ii:]iLtbcumtical and philfK 
sopbicol books ; Dr. WitherBpooTfs Works^ a good many 
of Wall's Work*, eeveril rolumcs of Doddridge's Works, 
bcsidtrs his Family Kxpositor, and a grtrat number of vol- 
umes oa diffcrcut eubjecla, which I c4ti not recollect. The 
eatimateofthescboolisl ieare to the discretion of the Com- 
miaaionors, not ht^'mg able to give a mote particular 
account, but beg leave to aay, I have alwayi eatimated 
the losa of tlie library to be olio bandi-ed pounds at tbe 



His affidavit was made September G, 1T83, 
Patting the books at eighty pounds^ the total 
of the Commiaaionera' apprniseniCDt was £387 

The parsonage was used hy the Ileasiatis for 
an hoapitah The commTinion plate was plnn- 
dered. The particulara of the loss auslained are 
given as followa : 

"An inventory of damages done to tli« Presbyterian 
&1 




266 



Damages, 



Church ill Trenton, tuid public projiertj defllrojed by tba 
eneiBT in Det^ember, 1778: 

'^D03 feet of board fcnoo Ihreo Ibct high, 45 
roond posts md ruila, which was roiuid ths 
baiying'ground, . . .6 

11 pnaGl post and 4 roil fi^Dco, , . 12 

140 piines gl&eSf . . < » . 4 1 S 

Largo gatoB^ hooks, aud hinges, , . 110 

A silk damofik curtain find hangings . 1^ 

A Mlvor omi with two hanJIos^ and large p(at«, 20 
D&magefl done to the |>arHonnge lioiiae whilal an 

IleHsian hoHpital, [app*d by Miss AiforiJ,) . 19 
1400 feet ot'boarda atript off the siable, ,660 
810 foot bo^d fonco, fiva feet higb, 40 posts 

and rftila, Tonnd tha parsonage garden, , . 6 10 4 

3 large fVojit gati?s, boolcs, and hinges, . 10 

1 well-curb, bucket, aod chain, . , , 1 10 

1 t&Uc-doth and about tea jarda diaper, . 2 

£80 10 

*' Alcxxmdcr Chitnibcrs being duly Bwon>, deposes ahI 
flftys, thnt tho witbln inventory h juat and true, to tho 
best of his knowled^, and that no pay or compensation 
halb beon received for tbt^ ^tainv irr iiny jtiin thereof 
" Id behalf of tho congregation, 

" ALsxiafi>KE Cliaiibebs, Trust ee,^ 

" Sworn IhiB flevooth day of Scplcmber, 1 782» 



On the second JftDuarj, IHT, Cornwallis ea- 



Rosborough. 



i67 



tered Trenton. One of the members of onr 
Presbytery was a victim to the barbarity of the 
troops under his commaml. Thia was the Rev, 
John Roaborougb^ pastor of Allentown, Pennsyl- 
vania, vbo was received aa a candidate May 23, 
1705; licensed a probationer, August IS, 1765, 
and ordained December 11, 1761. He was 
Moderator of the Preahytery in 177G. Accord- 
iug to the report nmde to Synotl, he was '* bar- 
barously murdered by the enemy at Trenton on 
January second " In a letter to Richard lleniy 
Lee, of January 1-4^ Dr. Rush wrote : " The sav- 
ages [Hesaiana] murdered a clergyman, a chai> 
Iain to a battalion of militia, in cold blood, ab 
Trenton, after he had surrendered himself and 
begged for mercy. His name was Rosborough.''* 
It onght, however, to be mentioned that before 
he was commieaioned as chaplain, Mr. Rosborcmgh 
had united with his neighbors in foraiing a com- 
pany to i-ecrutt Waahiogton^H forces on their re- 
treat throngh New-Jersey, and from a sentence 
in a lettier to hb wife, a few days before hia 
captare, it seems j>robable that he was even then 
" riding with a French fusee slung at his back/* 



• Hernoin of R H. Ltfl, ^. iL ie&. 




^ 



268 



Ro3l>oroiigh's death. 



The particulars of the outrage are given by 

Dr, Spragne as follows : 

^'Mr< UoAbortmgh proceeded mth liis i!f>rapany to 
Tronton ; aud, ae l;c was going towarda tbe river in 
se^cli of hifl liorse^ Le vras met bj n company of Hiaiiflas 
nnd«r British comm.nnd, llo imineflfutely gnvo liJnuelf 
up as a prisoner, but begged, for ibo enVe of liis wife ind 
(^Udreni tlial they would E[iarc bis life. He qnickly 
ibiiiicl, however^ tbnt Itb request waa to be denied^ and 
that Uici bloody deed wns to bo pei-fornn-d without de- 
Iftj. Ho instantly kiidt down, and, ia in^iutloa of his 
bI««Bi<d Master, prayod for tlie forgivoness of his murder- 
OTHf and scarcely bad tbh praji'er passed from IiIa 1e]>h be- 
fore A deadly weapon picrccl his body, and he lay Btrug' 
gUng it) dtftth. Tbey then took hia wntoh, a.nd pBii of 
hiH clotliing, and left hiiii V'elt<?ring in hi^ blood* The 
wretched erKiture who had Jiommitlod the act, or bad hid 
a principal pait in it, went irnu]edi:itely after, with the 
fury of a madctin, into ono of the hotels in Trenton, atjd 
profanely boasted to the woman who kept it, that he Imd 
kiUcd a rebel minister, and showed her hia watch ; but he 
oddoil that it woe too had h« should have bepn prflying 
for them when they were miiivlering him. A young mnn 
by the name of Johji Ilujcii, of Mt. Ro}ibo rough's coDgr& 
gation, took dinrgc of the rorpae, and buried It the ne:tt 
day in Jiti ohflcurc plaee in Trenton. The Kev, George 
Dufficld, of Fhilatlelpbin, having heard of the Bad event, 
took ineaHurcB to have the body Tomoved to the obaivfh- 
yard for its final interment,'** 

* AD[B]^ vnl. iiL ^fi4, T ud fcrrj Ut uj thftt Oiarn Ei no tneo of lliA 
{jli«p]WD'< gn.i« ID oar gro^n'Ii- 



DuOicld. 



269 



Mr, (aftenvarda Dr.) Daffield, mentioned in 
tbis estract, Tvas one of the chaplaiDa of the. 
Firet Congi'ess. He would occasionally leave 
hia congregation for a short time to serve as a 
missionary to the troops whfsn they were witLin 
easy reacb. It waa probal»ly (luring such an 
errand as this that be became ooquiuuted with 
Mr. Roaborough!'^ dtath ; for, according to the 
atinaliat J ust quoted : 

"Ho waa with the army m lUeir battles anJ retreat 
through Jersey, and n-jis almost the verjrlnsl man llifil cross- 
e'llbebriilgf^ivirlhy slrpamirnmediatdyaoulhofTrentnti, 
beCji'e it >Viia cut down by orJer ol'llie Annericau General 
For tbis premier v.ition he Viis indebted to a CJnaker frienij, 
whom ho hnil essoDtinlly aidod in hia hour of trml — though 
of politiGs oppos*?il to Ills own — nnd whoRG deliverance he 
had been the Tneau^ of securing. Tlie British oflieet^ h:iil 
put a pnce upon bia head, artd were particulnrlj aiuuoua 
to destroy him, becaaac ol" the influence he oiei-ted among 
the soldiers of lUe Americau Jirmy, After the reircst from 
PrifiOGlOD, ho hii retired to a priviit© faonse in Trenton to 
seek repose, and was not aware that the American army 
had takei^ np tlieir line of march, aud hiid nearly all crossed 
the bridge, until hia Quaker friend sought him out and 
garo him the alarm, just in lime for him to escapo, b^foro 
Ehe bridge was destroyed by the retre^iing army of 
Washin^tOTJ.'** 



* Aimali, TOlili. 191- From tb« uino aulboritj I findtUat th« Ber. 

ax* 



2;o 



Rahl. 



From the lilanka in the miniitefl of the Tm^ 
tees, it appeare that there was no meeting of the 
ISoaiil in 17TG. In that eventful year the 
Presl>ytery liehl Gve sessi(jns : at Buundbrook la 
April^ at Philfldelphia ((luring Synod) in May, 
at Princeton in June, (to receive Mr- Ai-mstrong 
Ka a camrulflte,) at Amwell in July^ at Bo^king- 
ridge in October. The State was the seat of 
war. In the beginning of December Washing- 
ton and a large I)ody of troops were at Trenton. 
lnUr in the month a brigade of three Hessian 
regimentsj one of them Colonel Kahrd, was sta- 
tioned here. The Colonel kept the town in 
commotion, even before be thought of being 
attacked. 

" The cannon,'* snid one of Lis lieutenanta In bia jour- 
nal, "rauHt be drawn forth every dny from tbcir proptr 
places^ nn<l p'^rfuled about the town, seemingly only to 
make a stir and n[>ronr. Tlieri? wa^ a clmrcli [tli© Episco- 
pal] dose by lih quariera, Burroandcd by jjiil'mgs ; the of- 
ficer on gua.nl jimM march round and round it, w itli his 
men and muBLoian^ [ooUlnji like a C^atbolic procc^ioD, 
\r&nling only tLo c-ross, aad the bftnaers, and cbaunting 



Mr Itfarvbarier vru In tba amp of Trutia)i:ioik. oppieiLti Treniann ii 
(liA lime of tbv batUt of lT7d; ancl thiL WilJUm E^xUrn (naufw^rfla 
an) WinlBlHerarilcion lhil(rc*rf*n, Hi- Sift, Mi, 



Battle of Trenton. 



27] 



cboriflterB. The hautboys — he could never h9^'e enough 




of IL 



euL 



If* 



On the twenty-aixth was the famous battle. 
RaM was carried mortally wounded to Ha quar- 
ters in Wnrreu etreetf — tlie residence of Stacy 
Potts^ 

The journal of hh Lieutenant, aa translated in 
Mr. Irviug'a work, aays : 

** lie died on the foHowiiig evening, And liOH buried in 
thui pbce which he hAa rendered so fiLinoas, Jn the grave- 



* f rviag's Life af W&Bhingloii, cti, illii. 

f Thva King Btrwlr « thg pieeaat Oreeos «te Queen, Hie fbrmfir 
WM *1» ftmlliflrT/ called l:aat, inrt ihft Inner HucJc street, iTie "Fed- 
en] Pott crTrcntoB WookJj Mercury," voa priaLod Eq 1160, by Que- 
qaella aud ITiEaoo. " oa the norLh fide dT Fruut su, oppu^Le Iba Kd^' 
lioh Oharoti," tKe noigltborbi^jd of Rahl'a doalh. 

t Tills buuflo iH udveriiBcd fbr reoL m iLe Tj'en^ Oofttfe, n«ccniiber, 
1781, when it la Mid to hiivfl he&n iHieljr wDiipied by llis FreaitlBTil of 
CoDgnm. ICvu provided Tor hui use by Jjiiues Ewiiig, Maorc Furivun, 
andCoDni Ecit(»^ bytha diretLiGii oriLeLeeislaturp^f AuguaL2&, HM.) 
Thfl Iflow, whjoh 111 hefare me, elipuUtfla nlio for '^tho Lny-bouBo nwij 
fun oT very ^oU Imy* with Ihe AlAt/lea en e&cb siOe tlitireof^ to^ber wUb 
ft tenplsta HU>r# heloaging to tliB rrnnl pflrtoflhft sud hmae," but "rs- 
A^nia^lba urwuf the road ab it nov gocd Lc the ton-jfrrd, jiDd no much 
of Uk« lolBS SatddbE rbiUipa may bavo ocf&dOQ for, adJdnlDg his ahop,'^ 
ThftleoM waa h? ooo year from Oetobar 3a \1*H, at one bjadrcd end 
QLly pr>Qu^a ia ^i[j or ailfar^ (fuui Luudred dollam.) Tba boaa« vru 
ttifi rciidniffi of EUcj Poltft ftDd not a tnvt^m, u ia aUtod in JJwKipg's 
"Field Book." Tt n« UkoD down in l^&T. 



272 



Battle of Trenton. 



yard of the PrMbyterinn Cburch. Sleep well ! dear com- 
mondorl Hic AniorioonB vriU horeAtior sot op ft itotit 
ftbove thy grave with this insaription : 

'' Hier lifgl der Oberst RaJit, 
Mil ihci i*l aUcs i*il V* 

The first mention of celebrating the anniver- 
sary of the hattle of Trenton Tvhich I have found 
19 in 1806, December 20, when the Trentoi 
Ijgbt Infantry had a pnraxle and a dinoer, aui 
ID the evening the Rev. Mr. Stamfoixl preach* 
ID the Baptist Church, from the test, '^ I wna 
free-born." The obaervacce afterwards degene^ 
rated icto an nnoual sham-fight. 

Mr, Spencer was present at the election 
Trustees of the congregation, September 2, 1 777j 
" at the house of Mr. John Chambers" lie at-' 
tended the sessions of Synod and Presbytery m 
Philadelphia, Maj^ 1776, and of Presbytery, a1 
Amwell, July 31, on which day he presided and 
preached at the ordination of Mn Warford, and 
hia hifttall merit over the congregation of Amwel 
In April, 178:2, tbb minute is found ; 



■ " Hon liM ColODol Bftlii : kll !■ over *nlh bim." Th« 
b«T« deUjvd lh« fUllUlmeiLt of llin trr«dJL:tioii nniU it bu bannm 
alble to faJendO- Iho *' hker' for ih* vpiuph. 



Lois of Papers. 



273 



" The Presbytery tbiuka it proper bera to nolo, tbat Uie 
trouble Dccaaioued b; tic wjvr haa been tLe gcnerd tci^ 
sun wLy the meraberB of Presbytery have atleiided with 
BO little puDotiiQlity for & numhcr of yeara pQBt — this 
Sute having been either the seat of war, or conlignorw to 
it, Birice the ycBr 1770." 



To the raragea of war is prohalily owing the 
order of tUe Tiusteea in August, 1780, that ^'a 
eabscription bo opened in town and country for 
repairing the pHi-sonnge-lioiise, which at present 
is in a ruinous condition/' A committee of 1192, 
to search for missing records, reported " that 
none were to be found, and that there ts much 
reason to believe that those minutes were loat 
during the late Revolution, among the papei-9 of 
Dr, Spencer and Mn llalaey." And in their 
reply, through the Rev, Mr, Armstrong, to the 
requisition of the General Assembly for histori- 
cal materiak, the Presbytery of Api-il^ 179^1, 
report; "They labor under peculiar difficultiee, 
in this reaiiect, from the extent of the ravages of 
the enemy in the State of New-Jersey during the 
late war. The minutes of the Presbytery have 
been lost with the papers of the late Dr, Spen- 
cer, down to a late date.'' As early as 1Y79, Mr- 
Spenoer himaelf, 





274 



^ As Slandmg CUrk, is requested to collect all tbe 
papers belonging to tliis I'l'csbj-leTy, from the several 
members or others m whose h£md» they xnAj bavo been 
berctororo depoaiied; lo be oompUed with by our next 

presbytery." 

Nine years after Spencer'a JeatL, 

"Mr. TVoodhull inrormc3 the Preabyterj- tbnt the old 

rainatcB, [prior tf> 1771,] &o lon^ ecarched for in vain, 
ware known lo be in iho possession ofMr. Wai'ford^ of ibe 
Presbytery of Albany^ and it was ordered that Mr, Wood- 
hull lake suiTublu measnrca to procure them," (Sept«nib«T 
18, 1793,) 

As a farther illnstration of the hazards of 
ecclesiastical records of the times, and a proba- 
ble esplanatiou of the fate of maaj docuraenta of 
the Trontoa congregation, I prodnce the sub- 
stance of an affidavit presented to the New-^Ter- 
aey Legislatui-e, in February, 1V77, by Samuel 
Tucker, who was both a Trustee and Clerk of the 
Board. As Treasurer of the State he had a lat^ 
amount of the paper currency, and other valnftble 
public property in hU custody. Hearing that 
the British army under Ilowe was likely to pasa 
through Trenton, he removed hie effects to the 
house of John Abbott, five miles off, Howe 
arrived In Ti-enton December 6, lt?6, and next 



Adventures, 



=75 



day lieutenant General Aberarom"bie sent Lieu- 
tenant Hackshaw with u detachment to AbbotL^d 
under the guidaiice oF one Mary Pointing, wliere 
they captured Tucker's property and carried it to 
Wew-Brunswickp On the 14th December, Tuckei-, 
uohisway to TrentoQ, was nitt near Cross wicks by 
a party of horsemeD, who took Lim prisoner, and 
detained him until a protection was obtained 
from the Hessian Culonel Rahh He lost all the 
papers^ public and private, which were thus re- 
moved. This statement of Tucker'a was the 
eaose of a coiitrovei-sy between him and Govern- 
or Livingston, (who wrote under the signature 
of *^ Scipio,'*) in the New-Jersey Gazeits of 1 7S4> 

I suppose they were our pastor and trustee 
whose namee occur in the diary of John Adams, 
September 19, 1777, when Congress were with- 
drawing from Philadelphia on the approach of 
the euemy. He saya; ^*Wa rode to Trenton, 
where we dined. Drank tea at Mr. Spencei-'a; 
lodged at Mr. S. Tucker's, at hia kind invitation/' 

The journal of the nest day may have its local 
interest for some of my readers : 

■*20tli. Breakfnated M Mra. J. B. Smith's, The old 
f^Qtlfmnn, bU sou Tboina^, tbe loan officer, were her«, 
tod Mrs. Sioitb^a little aon Aui two daughters. An ele- 



276 



John Adams- 



ganl breakfiiflt wo hfid, of fine Hyson, loat-aagar, and 
coffeCj etc. Diiied at Williams^a, tbe «gii of Ibe Qrc«a 
Tree ; flrant lea with Mr, Thomson [Charles Thornton ?] 
and ]u& \adj at Mre. .Tacksou^a ; ivalked witli Mr. Duane 
to Genera! Dictinaon^B house, and took a look at Iiis farm 
and gnrdQus, and h\a greon-honso, ^^'ijioh \a a si?odo of 
deaclation i tbe floor of tbo ^sen-house is dng up by tte 
IIesei£^tis In aearch for money. Slept ngoAn at Tucker's." 

Mr. AdAm!!>'s first sight of Trenton was In Au- 
guat^ 1774, wben his diary records : , 

" Rode to Trenton [from Prineetonj where he heard 
Dr. Witberapoou preach] to breakfiiflt. At TVilliaras's the 
tavern at Trenton forry, we saw four very large blaok- 
wnlniU trees, standing in a row behind the honse,* Tbe 
town of Trenton ia a pretty village. It appears to be the 
largest town we hava seen in the Jeraeya. We then croftft- 
evl tbe ferry over tlic Delaware river to the proviDce of 
Pennaylvania*" 



It the time o( vYicsa Tltlt an ftddUi<»a uft^iiu to hare bvea iddJa ta ihe 
cmbletna ai iU oif^; for ha uyi it repreKnlBila beaver it work vitb 
lita teeUt Lo bring dowcj «> large tree, pud liad tbo mtptto "F/jracirratidii.** 
{Tmtvlf in Nhrth-Ain^ea, HBO-a.) Tbe tree, I>mt«t, and legend oob- 
■titutcd ODO of Ihe deri wo printed on Ibo ConlinecUl OTrreDCfof 1776; 
ihc mODBj vLlcb full eo much bijli>nr ibe promlfw on Ita face, that b tba 
TrenloD iid*reiiiKmeEti of 17^0 nmj b<^ Ibiand cffvn of a ihoamcd dol- 
loTH reward Tor uu pihuicciidiD^ fterraDt— aRcea hiindrvd for a MoIhQ 
w*!^ — t*ii thniipriiid f,* tho dflt»rioii of the in[-4>iLdiKrj of a barn- The 
BDbflaripiioo of tU ;F«jt/^ ffjte*fe, ol' tbat joir, w« IburteBD ioOaft by 
Uic qiUirter 



Debow'a Complaint. 



277 



111 the Presbytery of August^ 17T6, a aiugalar 
ooiripliunt was presented agaiDBt Mr- Spencer, 
arising out of hia visit to Nortlj-CciroliDa, I^fr. 
John Debow^ who had just been called to T^no 
and Hawfielda, submitted a letter from the Pres- 
bytery of Orange, in North -Carolina^ cooiplain- 
ing that Mr, Spencer had baplized a child of the 
Eev, Mr, Lisle, a minister from Scotland, who, 
without joining the Presbytery^ was preaching 
ia some of their vacant congregations, and gath- 
ering a new pariah out of theuL The mitiutef! 
seed to narrate that, 

" After Jiligcnt inquiry of Mr. Dcbow, c^jnceroioj wbal 
ho knew of t(n3 life aiid oonversntion of Mr. Lialc, aud hay- 
ing reeeived all the light UewfiAfibletogive them, the l^ras- 
bytery j»idge that Mr. Lisle hath a right to Chui-cli prir- 
ikge^ aad that Mr. ^ptrncer, m bapli/JDg Vin clilt). Las 
done no more tlian wliat the kws of clinrity and church^ 
followfihip required of }iinL, ajid that the complaint agaiuat 
him ia without foundation." 



The States were divided into three military 
dcpartmcnia. The middle department com- 
prised Jxew-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

the lower counties on the Delaware^ (cow the 
State of Delaware^ and Maryland, in Octoberj 
22 




278 



Commiticc 



IVTQ, WilHam Shippec, Jr., was directed to pro- 
vide aad enperiotend an faospital for the army 
in New- Jersey, aad on October 20, 1777, 

"Congress ptooecdod to Iho election of a cL«plaiQ for 
tL« h'>9)>iuil ia the middle department, and the ballots be- 
ing taken, the Rev, Elihu Spencer was elected,'' 

In May, ITSO, Mr. Spencer -was afflicted ty tbe 
death of bis daughter, llrs. Sarah Lowrey, in 
her twenty-fifth year. She was buried frqm her 
father's iioose. She was one of the ladlea of 
Trenton who sympathized in the measures which 
originated ia Peonaylvaaia, for the relief of the 
auflferiog troops by raiaiog contributions to add 
to their slender wages. Active measures were 
taken here on the fourth of July of that year, to 
effect this object, A general coniniittee waa then 
appointed, composed of Mt-^ Cuxe, Mrs. Dickin- 
son, Mrs, Furman, and Miss Cadwalader^ and an- 
other committee for each county. That for 
Hunterdon consisted of ^* Mre, Vice-Presideat 
Stevens, Mrs, Judge Smith, Mrs. Charles Cose, 
Mrs. R Stevens, Mrs H^nno, Mrs, T, J^iwrey, 
Mi^. J. Sexton, Mra. B. Vnncleve^ Mrs. Colonel 
Berry, Mrs, Doctor Burnet," Mi^. Moore Fur- 
man was Treasarer, and Miss Mary Dagworthy, 



of Ladies. 



279 



Secretary. A letter is preserved in Washiog- 
ton'a correspondence, from Miss Dagwortby, dat- 
ed at Trenton, July IT, 1780, which transmitted 
to the Chief the sum of $15,488 — allowing for 
the depreciated cnrrency, actually about $390 * 



* Sparka'a Wrilinga of Wuhjuglon, va). vil ^. 



Chaptcti ^oitrtc^nlh. 



CrosK OF Dr. Spenckr*s MnnsTitY — His Deatit,, 



1Y80~1784. 



TiiRODonouT tljG years of Mr. Spencer's 
iiiiiiiatrj m Trenton lie T^aa a prominent mem- 
ber of tlie difftjreiit church-coarta, and often 
Berved as Moderator, Clerk, Treasurer, and Com- 
mittee-man, When the Synod (17("9) regarded 
the College of NewJersey so raacli of a cliurch 
iDstitution as to divide themselves into commit- 
tees for collecting donations from Jill parts of 
their territory, Mr, Spencer and Mr. McDowell 
had Chester and parts of Lancaster county, in 
Pennsylvania, nssigneil to them. In 1770 and 
the fivQ consecutive years Spencer was a delegate 
from the Synod to the Cougregatioual and Prea- 
"byterian Convention which met alternately in 
Contiecticiit and New-Jersey, He was frequent- 
ly called to take part in collecting and diabure- 
ing the Students' FuijJ, jind Wirlows* Fund, and 



Doctor's Degree. 



281 



was an official visitor of Mr. Braineril'a Indian 
School. In the abBonce of the Moderator he 
opened the Synod of 1782 with a sermon- His 
name then appears for the first time with the 
title of Doctor of Di\"inity, which degree was 
given him by the Univei-tiity of Penosjlvania, in 
March, 1782, at the same tiroe with the Xlev. 
William White, who waa afterwards so distin- 
gnished a* a Bishop of the Protestant Epiacopnl 
Church.** 

In 1782 Dr. Spencer was associated with Dr. 
Witherspoon aud Joseph Alontgomeryj in a 
committee *' to prepare an address to the Minis- 
ter of France, congratulatiug him on the ]>irth of 
a Daaphin, sou aud heir to the crown of hia 
royal raost€r ; expressing the pleasure the Synod 
fed on this happy erent/f '^^^ l^st office 
assigned to him by the Synod was In 1784, the 

■ In Iho EQmiitei of Itie Trnj|fH>i of tliB UnlTflTBilT. Mr. Speii^r ia 
inllol EliBha. Tbe lama mistake is muE^ io tho Enb edilioti of Tbi^mp- 
vm'a Bifltory of Lonj IfllaiLd. vlieie ftlBO hU gfreat-gnuidDitEier Jared it 
cilled QoroH. 

f The UiiilsttT woa thQ Ch«vaUer c!e la Lazeme. Tlie Daupfaln wu 
GOa ot Lawn W'l- nad Mario Aotoinette, aod died in ohildliocKE. Thb 
blrtti nuB furmdlly aimuiiuccd to Cun^raB^ adJ 1j/ Ocngrasa w ihv Qov- 
erqi>ra of Uie Singes. Ir was wlybraitd in Twnloa, Wej 'l-l, naii, when 
Ibo '' tona arUUi^rj ptLrHicd at the marhctpUc«f'' attU a <liimer wns at- 
terii1«d I17 ihe OfQceri oi tha SUit« bI " Lhe Frenclj Anne.' 





2S2 



Minutes oi' 



year of hb deatli, wlieu lie was made one of the 
committee of confei'eiice and correspondence with 
the Synod of tho Reformed Diit^^h Church. 

There being extant no record of the proceed- 
ings of the Sef^slon daring Dr, Spencei's miniB- 
try, nor any regiatry of the commutiicaDt^ of 
that period, it ia not in my power to furnish such 
statistios as might show the progress of the three 
churches in those relations. The minutes of the 
Trustees liave beeu preservedj lint ai'e meagor ia 
their detiiila. The following persons were mem- 
bera of the Board during D]\ Spencer'a iocuiii- 
benoy ; 



Cbftrles Clnrk, 
Alexander Cham bora, 
Abi'ftham Hontf 
JoHO^ih Rpcd Jr., 
Samuel Tucker, 



Obndiah Howell, 
DflTiid Clurk 
Joseph TmdaJt 
Naihjiniel Faj-man * 
Moore Furman. 



These Trustees aen^ed for the country and town 
congregatiouB, but not for Maidenhead* Their 
meetings were ht^ld in town^ and either at the 
church or parsonage, Mr. Chambers waa nni- 

* Ur. rnauAM WKB to \he Baait troru HSt) io nafl. I mppow Ibi 
itislilB d«iUj wlikh id phibliiM utiHV^UiE Ukan pbCB April 37, 1«3], 
ID hla eigbiy-eighth jiar, Wr, Tisdals \a sa old und r<Hp«talil4f fuii- 
If. Tlw olher TrufllAea vo ftpokeu of ;□ iloiail b uUter diapMm 



Trustees, 



^3 



formly cbofien Treasurer, Mr. Tucker, Qerk, and 

Mr, Spencer^ President, until May, 1Y83, wlien 
he ceased to be a Trustee, and Mr. Chambers 
woa both President and Treasurer. The pro- 
ceeJin were not of mach greater itnporfcaRce 
tbaa to build " a ehed between the parsonage- 
house and the stable, out of the six pounds rent 
put at interest ;'' " to repair the roof of the sta- 
ble," " to rent out and agree for the several pews 
that at this time are vacant^ and get the two 
lung tifats made into fuur small pews^ and rent 
them oat also ;" to order '* that all the peTPs shall 
pay the annual assessment aa they may be stat- 
ed—not under forty shillings per annum the 
smallost" 

The heira of Daniel Howell and Joseph Green 
claimed a right to the pews "built by their an- 
oeetOTB, without being liable to pay the annual 
assessment ;" uii this qneation the yeas and naya 
were called at two dilierent meetings and bc^th 
times the claim was refused by the casting vote 
of the Pi'fsidtnt. The salftiy .aca:nnts of the 
two churches were separate : *' Ordered, that the 
Tj'easurcr do pay the liev, Mr. Spencer fifty-tive 
shillings towiird;^ the deficiency of his salary for 
laat year for Ti^enton, and fifteen shillings towards 





2&+ 



New Chartcr- 



the salary for tbe Inat year for tLe old meet- 
iag-liouae," There were " collectors" for each 
house. 

On the ei^h of June, lt8], it was resolved, 

" To petition tbeLagUlalure to confirm hy Jaw tbechar^ 
ter grunted by Governor Belchor ; a memorial was accord- 
ingly ilravvn ahH sigreilhy tbe PrejiJcJenl. Jirnlnlf thv Tni»- 
teeft, Tbe PreeiJent bcmcf deairetl, readily agreed lo wail 
on tbp Lcgi^'laturo, and took with him the ori^naJ charter 
to lay btiJbre tliom.'^ 

On the twenty-fifth March, 1782, 

*^Tlie President irirormed tlie Board ibat agr<^jibty to 
the orJer of ibia Bonrd^ of the sutb of Jiine, 1781. be 
w&itecj on the Lcgidlatnr^?, and took with bim tbe i^nginal 
charter, ubicb be hiis since returned to tbe Clork, which 
wa* laid before tbe Board tbis day^ nnd ibai ilie Leyiala- 
tnre told bim tbey did not tbink pro|>er lo take the Kme 
inlo tbeir conaider&llon at present.^' 



I do not find tiny note of thid application m the 
Jonronla of either branch of the Legislature. On 
the sereDth June, ITSl, »ii act itjcorporating the 
Second Presbyterian Church of Newark, which 
had pftssed the Assembly, was brought into the 
Council, and after a second reading, was postponed 
nntU tbe next sitting; immediately after which it 



Legacies. 



28s 



wflfi "Ordered that Mr, Frelinghnysen and Mr. 
Caldwell beacominitteeto prepare and bring in 
E bill upon a general plan for incorporating reli- 
gioas societieap" On the nest day, a petition 
from the Baptist Chnrch of I'ittsgrove, S;ilem 
county, was read, *'pmying a law to incorporate 
tbem aa well as all other reli^ous aocietiea," which 
was refeiTed to yesterday's committee, T[ie 

r general law waa not paesed until March 16, 
1786, when it yrns adopted under the title of 
'^ an act to incorporate cei-tain persons as trus- 
tees in every religious society or congregation in 
this State, for transacting the temporal concerns 
thereof." 

As the Treasurer was directed in ITYl to 
fund and loan any Bums that might coma into his 
hands, it looks as if there were occasionally some 
receipte beyond the pew-rents, of which there 
was certainly no surplus for investment Seve- 
lal small legacies were realized besides those 
already mentioned, By the will of Jethro Yai'd, 
proved February 16, ITGl, seven pounds were 
left " to the Presbyterian Congregation of Tren- 
ton, to be paid to the overseers of the poor of 
I said towti.'^ In 1T90, John Howell, one of the 
I executors of hia brother Daniel, gave notice thttt 



280 



Public Occasions. 



m 



the testator bad given twenty pouodfl for thoj 
me of the ccmgregatioDp* 

Dr. Speucer'g iiiime is usually found in counec- 
tioQ ^'ith euch patriotic demonstrations of hia 
times E3 M'ere consistent with his professioD* 
When the surrender of Cornwall^ was celebrat- 
ed in Trenton, October 2Y, 1781, the Governor^ 
Council, Assembly, and citizens, went in proces- 
slon to the Presibyterian Cliurcb, where Dp, 
Spencer delivered a discourse. On the fifteenth 
April, 1783, similar ceremonies were observed 
upon the conclusion of peace with Great Brltmu, 
The Governor, Vice-President of the State^ Mem- 
bei-s of tlie Leglslattir^e, Judges, and other pub- 
lic officers met at Williams's hotel ; the Triiateesij 
teachers, and students of the Academy joined 
them there, and proceeded to the Court-house, 
where the Governor's proclamation of the cessa- 
tion of hoatilities was read. At noon divine 
service was attended, when a discourse was deliv- 



* Daoiol HgweJi'i viU wm pTo^'c4 m I7TS; tbe legaoj wu pajabia 
In ivro jeara. ITo vrtt broihet uf Qeiekiab, Joba, Abigai). Euiuce, 
(PhilEipi,) DQd Phebft, (PhUlifut) Tlli clitl^ren wen Rhoda, Sarah, And 
BLUnboLl], A rcUUrcor bia* D^vid HovaU. died m ViBSi, 1s4tuj^ tlm-c 
ilRuglitem— Frudencp» TiUlmiis, OEiariL^. 

Jelltro Yat't^ (aa I ^Ui^r from hla vril],) rbb a ouperitrr,. U« vfii 
4 lOD oT ^Ulam Ynrd. 



Dr. Spencer's Death. 



287 



ered by Dr, Spencer. Public dinnera followed 
at Witt's, Williania'g and Cape's hotels. A ft-w 
days afterward^^ when tlie Governor (Living- 
ston) was abont to leave the capital for hia resi- 
dence at Elizabeth town, Dr. Speacer'a name was 
at the bead of a committee of citizens who pre- 
Bented him a valedictory address* 

Dr, Spencer preached at the opening of Pres- 
byteiy at FrceholJ, October 21, lTb3, He was 
present in that coui-t fur the last time, in Pen- 
niEgtoB, June 15, 1TS4^ when lie was appointed 
to preach at the ordination and installment of Mr, 
William Boyd, at Bedminster, on the nineteenth 
October. This proved to be within a few weeks 
of his decease, but hi3 failure to take the pai-t 
assigned to him was not owing to his final ill- 
ness, for that was an inflamnaatoiyfeveJ of a few 
days' continuance. He died December 57, 1784, 
In the full support of th(? Christian hope. His 
remains lie on the western side of the church- 
yard under a t<>mb inscribed as follows : 

* l£r. JrlTenoa, b hia Autoblograpby, aiji : "1 lea booiQ od thgaii- 
leenlh of Oclotiot, [1763,] im»pd at Traotaa, nAws (hftt/reM umj eit- 
UnSy*iD E-be LblrdDrKcvGiQlKr, audluok nraeat oa llio fuurtli, oa which 
do.; CoDgrtSB idJoiiriiAl, to nw^E et AoDipolifi en the tv^uLj-cittb." 
Thin BtalomoDt has Leeo follawed b^ bb biograplieri^ Tiii:kcr and Bui' 
d^l, but Ctougitsa vruA iLlUug ai Ftiixwion) qol TreuUxj. 



288 



Epitaphs. 



" Beucoth tbia stono lies tlie l>ody of the Rei^. Eum^' 
SpKNOfiA, DJ)^ FaGtor of tlio PrcabyUrivi Church )^H 
Tronton, and oiio of iho Trusleca of Iho College of Nc«^^ 
Jerftoy, who dvp.irieil Lliis lifo on tlie twerity-acvenih of 
December, 1TS4, in the fbtly-foiirth yi-ar of his i^fe. ^H 

'*PoBs«BBed of Goe genius, of great viradlT, of ourf^^ 
ii«Dt auJaL'tivc picly, LiammlAaaaniiDiflterAiiduaiiLaa 
etand Bbor(? the reach of flattcty. 

" Having long editiod tho Church by his talonta tn^ ex^ 
Ample, and finishod his course witli joy, he fell fulecp fiiU 
of failh, mill Trailing for the ho])e of nU siiinU. 

"MtB. JOASKA SpBNOER, 

"Roliet of tlio fibove, ;3i9d Ncveiuh^r Jst, 1791, ag«d 
dxty.ilireo yours, 

"From her cianj ^irtuea ahe liTcd bdoved sod 

lami'Dlcil. TIte chi^f^tftil pAticni^ wilU nlaich ahe bore a 
pjdnful Jind tocliona diaOAso thre^' a lonlrc ou tic U^ 
Boenea of her lifi-, and evinces that witli true j^Hy defttb 
loses its tevrore." 






The late Dr. Miller declares tbat tlie eul 
of Spencer^e epitaph is boI exaggerated : 






" TtiA {lioty wae ardent, Iiia niuinLrra polished, atti 
and full of engftging Tivacity; his public spirit and activ^ 
ity in doLDj^ ^ood induGiilgaDo^ and his cboniclor as a 
prcflohcr singularly prompt, popular, Jind JmprMsiTe, To 
nil this may h*i :iildod tti^it io the Tarinns relaUona of lift 
Lb was pvouliariy mcialiltTf eie^mplory, and beloved." 



The venerable father who wrote these 



Dr. Spencer's Family. 



289 



tencea was connected by marriage with Dr. 
Spencer's family; for tLe wiclow of Dr. Miller ia 
the gi-anddaughter of Dr. Spencer, by tho raor- 

riage of the Hon. Jonathan Dickinson Scrgeaut 
to Margaret Speocer. The late lion. John Ser- 
geant, tlie Hon. ThomfL3 Sei-geant, aud the late 
Elihu Spencer Sergeant, Eaq., of Philadelphi^i, 
were cLildren of tte same marriage. Dr. Spen- 
cer's ancestora came Irom England to Ma.ssa- 
chnsetta early in tlie seventeenth century. Of the 
five brothers who established the family there, 
one was a foi-efather of the late Chiet-Juatice 
Ambixjse Spencer, of New*York ; from another 
brother Avaa descended, in thegeyenth generation, 
the late Rev. Ichabod Smith Spencer, D.D,, of 
Brooklj-Q ; and General Joseph Speacer^ whose 
came often occurs in the Kevolutionary history, 
was an elder brother of our paston 

Dr. Spencer bequeathed to his five surviving 
datighters, and the children of a deceased one, 
three thousand acres of land in Saltjisli, Vennout^ 
and to Ills aon, John Eaton, one thousand acres 
in Woodstock, Vermont, There still reniaics 
in the possession of hia descendants a lot of 
ground in the city of Trenton, which has in the 
Iai>3e of time become more valuable than all the 
Vermont acres. 23 



: 



290 



Governor Livingslonp 



NOTES- 



an. 



GoTKaNoK WiLujkit LiYiNissTos resided thteo 
ill Tfculi^n, Liiiil wa^, undoubtedly ( a regular ntten^wl 
on Dr. SpCDccr's mitiiatry. liifl previoua life bad broaglit 
him into iiromlDonc? fia an cocbsiosttcal controv^rtut. 
Hill anoc*J*T.or» wore of tlie Dulcb Cliiirc}k in Xtu-Yor 
hot ttiQ Govciuor Imd carJy utiiLeJ with tlit I'^^y whi 
fortbc sake of Laving Eni^ltsh pre^^obing, bad incr^d in 
the PicsbyUTume, Tho diepulo, which aroao 10 1761, bo- 
t^o<-n tli(! mlbercDtB of the Cbnrob of EoglmiU auid t 
oUier ehurchea in u-furenco, at firal, to the ckims of % 
former to bavo the College (ihtn King'*, now Colunib 
>¥h|ch w:u foiiniitd in th;it yrar, tmdtT their contrulf wu 
warmly capqufltd by Sir, LiTii:g9tou in defoiisc of UiOM 
who wciT) Ihronttni-d nith cxolobion. He wrcto larg«lx 
and vehemently for his side in "^The IoJe|>eTident ]£«tlcQ- 
tor*' snd **Tho Waich-towor,*^ lie onlereil ititft ilie sub- 
sequent contri^vcray on the uttem|rti lo efltuhlish Uio E£itg* 
IJsli Ci.ilsc'jpocy m ATnerica, and in I7fl8 publifihed n let- 
ter to the Bi5hc>|i of LIrmiJuIlf ^hioh vros reprLntcd 
XwOiidon. His oppOBiiion, it should bo noted, was not 
iho liberty ofnny L>hrirch, but to iho fi'<^jM>B^l to c«U 
& panicular dL^iiumLDntioD in iho ColoriieA* flniD ElDJiimd. 
Mn LrvijkgatcMi raufil have departed from ii9 hnbita in 
thow day», if be were not piiiif^tiiaJ in bi£ pcv at Trenton ; 
for, according to hl^ bbgraphcr: 

"* Actively en^:iged during the week, iti dbcbar^ng tfa« 
dntiea of » lAboHous profeitiion, [ihc Utr,] or tu ad aogrj 



jd i^^ 



Dr. Cowell. 



2gi 



Trorfare in defense of Lis civil aad rclij^ioaB n^hts, three 
tiniJ?3 on ev^ry Sabbath, aun'oundcd by bis numerous fhmU 
ly, he wont up to Ihnl chui-cli, [Willi SiTeci,] formciJy 
contL'mUL'd and opp^-esseJ, but tor w}iidi liis exLilLoris bad 
procured respect ; of wbicli ho waa one of the brightest 
omameutB and chief 8U|"port3-"* 

la hia first adi^reas to the Leglsblurc, as Governor, (Sep- 
toniher 13, I77fl,) Mr, Livingston Lad ueed tbo cxproa- 
fiioo, "aettmg our faces Hkeafini against that diasofuie- 
ness of iiianin^rn and politicid carni[iliork whiirb h il] evi-r lie 
the I'cproaeh cif any people-*' From tbia plirase and the 
rcli^oua tone of the vrhole passage, the Govemcr waa for 
Bomo tirao nicknamed ^*Poclor Flint." This |*avc riee to 
an amaaing t^onfrctcfupa nt n dirmer-table in Kew-York, 
when Fisher Ames aJdresflitJg Lidngarnn, said nncon- 
ficiously : *^Dorior Flinty is the town of Trenton well or 
ill-disposcJ to the neiv Cunatkutiou 7 "f 

XL. 
In December, 1793, died Davtd Oowili-, MJ>,, who 
has been mentioned in ft pr<jvion3 ohaplcr as a atudcul in 
Princeton College at tbo lime of the death of bis une!*^, 
the pastor, who beqiieftlbud biui an Atinuitj of twenty 
pounds loF three ye^ira. Upon his gradiiation, hi 17US, 
ho studied raedicine m Philadelpliia» took bia degree and 
o&me to Trenton, where bo practised until hie death. For 
two years he was aeuior physician and surgeon iu milliary 
hospiUils. Dr. Cowell undertook to draft an outline "f 
his will whili? suflering ntider an attack of quinsy, and 

\ GedgAick, chip. riL 



2g2 



Dr.Cowcirs Will. 



wllHa & ftivr hours of ita fatal IcrmiDALloiL. Unable to 
artici^lntc, Iio basteDcd to make a rou^b ouilinc of liis m- 
tcntions, which hD doubtless hoped to have had put into 
form by nnotbor hEuid; but be was compelled, bj the 
force of the ilisease^ to have the paper copied in the in- 
complete lerma iu which Le had drawn it. It began: "I, 
Doctor David Cowell, being of Bouad judgment, bet not 
able to talk muob." One of the final items wfla, "my 
nogro tnau, Adam, and tbe who)^ ainLir to the Preiibyto- 
mn Congregation J' In eqnallybrief find informal phrjLBW 
stood a hmidred pounds lo *^ tliB Gcatnmar School in 
Titnton" — tbu PJUUB amount to the Colltige of New-Jer- 
sey, and "to the Congress of the iTmlcd Stales of Amcri- 
CO, one hundn^d pounday if they Eetlle tbcmsclTCB at Lam- 
berton."* He appointed Major William Trent one of his 
e^ecHttirs, and inafle John Trent, probably a Bon of the 
Major, hia r^diuiry legatee. Aa ho drew towards the 
close of bia painfid ta.sk be thrown in tbc hurried rem&rk : 
*'llad not I bcon on many pnblio mattery, it's likely 1 
should bad a more particular will before lliia time," By 
the time the copy ^aa ready for Ida signature, be must 
have felt unable lo Avrito, for it was Kuhsciibed by hie 
** mark.*' But having the pen iii band, be seems to have 
made a last effort, and bavJng laado the customary 
croaa between bia Christian and aiimnme, seribblod the in- 
coherent or illogibio sentence : ^* But I bGlieve I am not 
qiut(< so clear to me as my own D. C. our connection ia 



• I hope to find room ia an App«rjdiE to Ihi* vokm&, Ibr ■ n^Uoft, 
mftkLog TrenUin or JU Tiainit; Lite aRUoaal capital. 



Ad^m. 



^93 



now dissolved." Ebcneier Cowell, Jr, entered n cfivesl 
agairifllr thn probate of ll:c will, but after taking eviJence, 
llif Surrogate aJmiltcd il. 'Hit docuiaenis of the Trustees 
do not diauover wUiJthcr the logtu^j of tlio negro became 
avttiluble, ''■Tho wliolc affair" njipenJed lo it wos prob- 
ably a law-jtoint ; for in \hp Ni^p J^rttey Graette of 1760, 
there nre irifJcrteJ^ first, iin advtrtiaement by Dr. CoAvtll, 
of a negro luan to be aold^ or exchanged for a boy \ and 
iiamcdiatcly under it, ftnothcr» cnuliouin;; all persona 
iigainat mjLking auy aucb purchiiae or cxtiluingc, aa tUt^ 
miLD was ontklod to his freGdom, and ending witli an ex- 
presrtioti of hU hope for 

'*TI;aL freedom, justice, and protection wbk-b I am en- 
titled lo by ibc IfLwa of tbc State, nltliougli I am a negro, 

Theae mifinivea are followetJ by the Doctor, niili n ilenial 
of Adam*5 aTerment ; and tli'w by a rejobdor :n AJ;;m'B 
name, wblch in turn is onswcroJ by Cowoll, who alU-goa 
that the ne^o U noting undor the instigation of two very 
respectable citizens, whom lie names. 

The JVem-Jimet/ Gtrzetts of the week announces Dr. 
CowcIl*fl death £L5 ha^-ing taken pbce early in tbe moniing 
of December 16, 1783, nnd his bud.iJ ou the following tfay, 
in tho PrGsbyteriftD djurch-yard, attended by the " Trus- 
tees, iiitors, and atiidejits of the Academy in procos^on, 
and ft vi'ry large concourse of renpectnlilo iidi-ibltatils." 
An address vru inado at the grave by the ReF. Bn Spen- 
cer, Afler menLioning the legacy to the Gi>verniuent, the 
Gazette aJds : '^ The above is the first legacy we Ttcollcot 
to bare been given to the United States, and is rospcc^ 

2a* 



I 



2t>4 



Cowelk 



nblo for a pcraon of moderate fortnno.** In ibo same 
papor Dr. Jolin Cowdl advertmcB that be baa been prie- 
vailcd upon by the friendH of bis deceflaed brotber to 
cstablidi himself id Trenton as s, phyucian. Bat he bad & 
fibort lime, as his gravestone marks bis death "Janaaiy 
30» 1780, in the thirtieth year of hie age»" 



(JJIuiiiEr ^iftcentl;. 

The Rev, JAJfts FRATfOis Akmstiiotjc — Pre- 
VI0U3 History and Settlesient- 



1750—1790. 

Dr, SpENOER^f* successor in the Ti-eaton 
churches was the Rev. James Francis Arm- 
aTRO^'^c, and the Liatory of hia pastorate will be 
introduced by a sketch of hU previous life, 

Mr. Armstrong was born in "Weat-Notting- 
ham, Maryland, April 3, 1750. His father, 
Francis Armstrong, was an elder of the church 
in that place. Part of his education was receiv- 
ed at Peqnea, but his chief training was at the 
celebrated school founded by the Rev. Samuel 
Blair, at Fagg'a Manor, or New-Londondeny, 
Chester county, Peimfiylv/inia, where President 
Daviee,Dr» Rodgers, and Dr. Fioley had preced- 
ed him aa pnpila. When Mr- Armstrong waa in 
the school it was under the Rev. John Blair, a 
younger brother of its founder, afterwfirds chosen 



2y0 



At College, 



as Vicfi-Pr'esideTit and Professor of Theologj' m 

Princeton College. 

In tlic ftuturan of 1771, Armstrong enfered 
the janior class at Princeton^ and haJ the ml- 
vantage of residing io the family of President 
Witherapoon, Several of Lie classmates are 
now known froni the pul>Iie statioDa they were 
called to fill; such as Governor Henry Lee of 
Virgitiia, Governor Morgan Lewis of New-York, 
Grovernor Aaron Ogden of New-Jeisey, President 
Dunlap of Jefferson College, President Maeknight 
of Dickinson, President John Blair Smith of 
Hampden Sidney and Union, and President Wil- 
Imm Grftbam of Liherty Hall, (Wasliington Col- 
lege,) Virginia. Aaron Burr, the unwoi-thy son of 
thePiinceton PresiJentjWasoneof his contenjpo 
miles in College. Of the t\renty-nine graduates of 
Mr- Armstroug'sdas.i*, all but three Ijecanie clergy* 
men. He himself Lad the ministry in view ^hen 
lie entered college, and accordingly, upon his grad- 
uation in the autumn of 1773, he commenced a 
theological coarse under Dr, Witherspoon* On 
the sixth Jane, 1770, he tfas recognized by the 
Presbyteiy of New-Branswiek as a candidate for 
the ministry. It was not easy at that period of 
Ameiicau history for Presbyteries to assemble in 




A Candidate, 



397 






I 



11 number, and tlie only membera present at 
this meeting, Avliich ti'as held in Princeton, were 
President Witli^rapooi], Rev_ William Tennept, 
Kev. Elihu Spencei', fltid lln Baldwin^ an elder 
of tbe Princeton Clinrch. The subject assigned 
for Mi\ Armstrong's esegesia was, "_0t' veritafe 
Christi4X7iW religionist^ and 1 Timotliy 1:15 the 

xt tor a sermon. On tlie first of the following 
Augastj at Amwtll, tbose exercises were heard 
and sustained. His trials were eantiaued at 

aKskicgridge in October, when he passed the ex* 
toation on scholarship and theology, and was 
directed to prepare a sermon on Komaoa VI ; 2, 
to be delivered at the next meeting, wbich wits 
appointed to be held in Shrewsbury, in Decem- 
ber,* But great events happened between the 



* A caikdidate n'Uo had been ejtBmiued vilb Ur. JinnBtraDp, Dp to 
ja pomL, ivia aot to ancocoBful \ uid for tba jiAko of UlusU^ting tlie 
ropier cfli^ of n Pr^ibjterj in t!ia miLter of lic^amirFi, nnd Ihe maDDfli 
la vi\uzh Lb is perlbnned, I copy Ibo mmutaia UjIb cass: 

"TI10 Fre^bjlery then proceeded la ctiniudLrr- Ur. W/a oiaruloALlou 
nod BOrmon ; oad aflor lh« most rai^luro dcltbcrbtion ore UDQDimouily^ of 
opiaiou Lhut llicy cim noL Bualalii ultlierbb uiuninaLion vt\\\^ a^jduu ab 
parts cjf ttinf, inampuph «3 in iila cTflmioflUon, fllihougb hs FiantCefltod a 
ccmptLoDt fikill ta tbo Ino^qgcH, jet Lq AppQtred nlmOBt whoUj uubc- 
tjiialnLed witb sevaral ofibe moai Jropi^rtaatiorthfl liborAlarts and sden-> 
eve, and nlao groall; dcQaieut m bia t&owlodga oTdi^imt^ ; «Dd ^JlbougU 
bia flariuoD cJntilned eaufl jiLst aod plum seuUaieLjId, jct Ibera f^tpfiareii 
JDjt fluch mafuuon in ths nrrtiEigenitalof Ibe LhoiigbL^ luch GbKUiitj^lQ 



298 



The War. 



June and the December of 1176. Accorrliug to 

tlie minutes, the ^'iappointmentconlii not. \te ful* 
filleJ, us the eoemyirere on their march throagh 
this State." Another mimite of the same seasion 
(April 2^, mi) postpones the prospcntion of a 
plan for the education of poor and pious youth, 
on flccoont of '^ the great difficultiea of the timed, 
arising from the ravages of the Britisli army 
within our bounds.'' In consequence of this con- 
fusion, the regularity of Mr. Armstrong's pro- 
greiiH as h candidate was inten-npt^rlj nud acting 
upon the best advice, he was transferred to ftu- 

«xprBeeionp md inBCf.'LUicj \a many of tbe BentioitDO, tlial ihej otn not 
cuaafl&r it nB on evidence of his upacitj^ to ba iSHfijl oa a pablio to«di«r 
b Uio OliurcL oT Cliriat^ 

^'Thflrolure the Trefthftery ngrepJ to fwommerid to Mr. W, if b» 
clioD^o to pronccuto hin \r\b\3 furtbcr with a t\^w to the Oo^pvl (PJalfltrj, 
that liB ]]]i[]]j liimself diligenLlf to the mi6y o( Inglc, DAliir&I and mnm) 
jilUoa^plij, and dLfiuJtr, ibroDajcor from tbla droti, ao in tboau bruu;ba 
ba appcarel lu ba aamt deCkicub; bIb] Chat Ua study compof^doa v1b& 
(V^ ftEd lilior 10 HCi^iJro a mare cloaf and p?r^cuoiis method oF om- 
muukaLlng Lla Ldeas^ Aod as thef^ (ttertatb a (arorabra cptnlfiD oT 
Mr, W.| Tof bli mwlert, iisoerit, antJ Immbli* deportment, vJll alviTa ba 
rendj io j^td him aLl duo cacouniKemcpl, proTidod ho mnkfl sucb In- 
provaDjeuL En Cha aUivo arLEchs ba elmJl remove Ltiu ilrOlcultlea tlol uov 
Ue In iLe nay of their admittid^ Lim icCo tho (nmutrj/* 

Tho candidate probably wltldrew Jhnn Ihia Preobjlflrj ; Uuk ba muM 
hava fuatid tomQ vaj li> lloensiirv, as Id ITBi tha Froabftaiy of ^ffw* 
omU» bejfjjq ta call hJm to aocoutit Tor ncKLoctJiig So prBDi:h, and b I'TSG 
drnppod blm Ld their probaUcner, oa (nrtdeTLCD Ui«t ha had derated bin- 
aalf to aaepulnr life. 



A Probaiioncn 



299 



other Presbytery, ia tte manntM- stated as fol- 
lows : 

"The Presbytery [of Now-BninHWick] is informed by- 
one of Uie rueiubei'ii prvatiil., iLaL m November last, about 
lUc tima th:it tbe BiilL^i utrtnj mado aa irniplioa Lilo 
Now-Jersoy, Dr. Willierspoon gavo Mr. Armstrong a icl^ 
ler of introduGlion to the Presbytery of Newcastle, in- 
forming tliem of tbe progrew te had made in his triiLs, 
anG of tbe dlftii^ultiea in ibe way of the Presbytery's meet- 
ing to receive liia popular sermon b December last, ac- 
cording to appointment; iti conaeqncncc of which letter 
tho Presbyttry of NeM'oaatJe admitted him to finish liia 
trials beforo them, and licensed liim to preach a-^ a candi- 
date for the Gospel ministry/' 

He received liia license aa a probationer in 
January, 1777, 

Even before tLat date (which was tbe mortii 
of tbe battle of Princeton) the v.'Rr bad approach- 
ed so Dear the region of his residecce, that Jlr. 
Ariristrong thought it to be his duty to nnite 
with its armed defenders, and took a mustet in 
a company of volnnteera commanded by Teter 
Gordon, Es<j., afierwiirds an elder with htm in 
tbe session of the Trenton Church, This was, pro- 
bably, only for an emergency ; but he felt that 
hU patriotic artlor could be lotlulged in a better 
mcy with his duties as a Christian minis- 



300 



Ordination. 



ter, Ijy serving as a cliaplain in tlie American 
army. Witli tliat view the Ke\rcastle Presby- 
tery admitted him to ordination in January, 
177S- When this was reported to the Synod in 
May, the higher court hesitated ahout approving 
an ordination which appeared to be eine tUulo^ 
that is, before his being called to some parti- 
cular charge. The misapprelicusion nrose from 
the absence of the offidal records ; upon the pro- 
duction of which, in May, 1770, (when Mr. Arm- 
strong took his seat,) the Synod made this min- 
ute: 

" Bj the report nowiaa<!o by the Xewcnatlo Prcaby- 
inrYt it appears tbnt tberc was a miatato ia tho report of 
last yeor reapecling Mr, Armstrong's ordlnalion ; that he 
was not ordidned .fhie iifiifo,h\ii in con»!equCTica of his 
Imviug ucoepleil a cliaplaincy m the anayJ^ 



• "Sinn tiluJV' "in relmliflf" "pTo re oaifl," "Hadgmnt," "bod 
lliiqet," "ncmLuo cocL[n4icente,^ "ad fuLunuu rei mfimoruup," 'Mater- 
loqiiiiur/' *'pro tinio,'' "in deftnso^" "in bcM Teiba," "d* aova," 
jud DlhflrL&liJi eubuLiluleg far plaia English, (aomtliiaea ey^oa '' Janiloi" 
fur SGxtaii») iLre iteely up«J in the Bcctefiiaau'ca] rewrds of tba lut nn- 
lUTj, Tbe old PreabyUriaji pud Sfoodi uud to Hkto tbftir DOMiocain 
LttiQ : " Diie Jitvis^'* " Die StUumi," " /\>Bf Jfcrfd. StSfhno 5^ /VkOw 
jinvfC^T.'^ Thfj liabUually ^Frployad tha leAmed tnngtjo ii> nj Uut 
ifter prayer tbo mom^ni aained tcoW Ujoir walp, fioms of Ifco Ncw- 
Brnoswltk clerka vpnlLred oa wrilbj "preNent th^r profpf," and 
■<pr«B<nl OS belattf,'' but m AprU^ 1'SS, tbU rtnovnUon waa checked b^ 
tUc RUawiog dlieclloa: "EmolTed, iMi i!je TfeebjUrj Id flilure, fcr 



Chaplaincy, 



301 



The Nei7ceslle records, aa furnisli^d me by 
theii" obliging clerk, the liev. Mr. Dubob, are aa 
follows ; 

''Deoam]>o:-S, 1777, Mr, James Armetrotig, :i probation' 
er of this Presbytery, being uhoseii chaplain tov GoDoral 
StillivDD'a bngfltle or dKision, apiiliiid Jbr orduiiUion to 
tbe work of tiio Gofjptt laiHiatry, having j^roduceii :* terti- 
^ntc of bis moral conduct from Gcnernl SnlliTfin, TLe 
Presbytery, aftui' examining 3Ir. Armstrong al some 
length apon ojq;w»rimpnial and Bystemtilic divinity, were 
KLtiidad vitb h'n un^^wcrn, and bnviiig had ;l good ri.'|Kirt 
of bis labors, apijoiuted Mr, Armstrong tj dolhcr u 
di5(K)Tirao at our noxt moctbg, with ft riew to bia ordi- 
cation," 

The ordination took place at Pequen, the 
place of Iiift enilj eiliication, Januajy 14, 1T7?^, 
nntl the official record of it gives these particu- 
lars: 



the nke of grtatar unilanuliy, TQitke nu or ttio ofd tedinlcnl temii u^i 
p<nl prrfta aakrvnl, ia rcconiin)( iho Ural acaait™ of iL«r an^etingB, ttai 
■t my vubwqii4?iit soBBian, fmiit prta-s wierttni qui dujtrn.'' Ii nu^ 
bovoTAT, oooBiftenjd lawful to giro ojily It* Initiala of tho formuli, and 
mtajm otork epeat more itmo and nnm In aa dnborHta exet-'ULionrTtha 
cMpitdB U. P P- B. acd U. P, P. S. C^ S., tlmn wiiuld htre hqiwsieU for 
tlie wordB In full The oot of the Preabylorj wflfl, perLapH^ a t<jHti- 
nouf AguiTtBt ttkecoiirsoddoplEiJ bj tF)i> i^tqocI of J7Dr>, when it *' If^aoit 
Ailttbal tJ;fi bynfxl nLl! djowntinuo tho usoof Liititi lomiaia (bcirreootda 
:prH» tliu ofibuEiit: uf tbbir »vsBii:ia, uui ibuir Mti^utliiutD oa pnjer, 
(thbt tb» wmfi ic fntorv be vrpreoMd in EDgliali," 
24 



3oi 



Ordination. 



"Mr. Armstrong liaviug acceptcl the "Westminster 

Confession of Failli and Catechlemfl, m received io our 
Chnrcli, as iho conibs&ion of his faith, and Iho Directory 
for Diacipline, Wotsliip, and Government as Ibe plan for 
anhtilance otmi^dtuted by Clirist ; :md given sattaJhctory 
answers lespieelmg his views in entering upon tbc Gxwpel 
miniftrjt and to other qncBtions, the Preabjtery concludd 
that wc liavo clenmcaa to set liim npart to tlio work of the 
miuisiry. AntI, accordingly^ after a sermon preacbed, 
suitable to the occasion^ hy tlie Rev. Mr, Robert SmllK, 
lie was solemnly act apart to tbc Goapel ministry* -witb 
tasting, prayer, and imposition of hands. The clinrge was 
giren by the Ri>v. Mr, Foster, ftnd Mr. Armstrong now 
boooroes a member of PreHbytery, and having received 
the right-hand of fellowahipj takea his seat.'* 

In eousequence of the uneettled life into which 
he was thrown hy the duties of the chaplaincy, 
jind hy other incidents of the state of the coun- 
try, it WC3 not in Mr, Armstrong's power to 
maintain the punctual correspondence with his 
Presbytery, required of all its members. In 
1784 official inquiry was made of him on thia 
account, and his reasons were received as satla- 
factoiy. He i-ftained hia connection with the 
Newcastle Presbytery until his disiris&ion to that 
of New-Brnnswick, April 26, 17S6. 

Tlie mimite of his flppoiotment appears in the 
Journal of Conereas, of July 17, 1778: 



On a Campaign. 



303 



*^ra consequenee of a recommGndiilioil, rGaolvQ^l, that 
the Rov. Jmuea Fmccis Annslrong ho appointed chaplain 
of the Set^ond Brigade of >[arylaTui forcos.^' 

Before receiving his commis&ion he had accom- 
panied the ti'oops on the Southern campaigrr, 
and probahly remained in the service until the 
decisive victory of Yorktown, October, 17^1- 
During this period Mr, Armstrong crMumuoicat- 
ed to the New-Jersey delegates in Congress hig 
observations of current events, and from a few 
of those addressed to the Hon. Wm. Churchill 
Houston, I introduce eonie passagoii*^ showing at 
once a glowing and intelligent iuterest in the 
cause of his country, and a strong abhorrence of 
the evils of the most justifiable war. 

" WticocA^a Iron Wor/c'y I>cep Ritrer, North- Caroimo^ 
Jpljr B, 17K0. We have uiarchi»d five bimdreLl roilea from 
PhilflJelphia^ ignnmnt as llio Hotteniot of tlie aitimtion f>r 
numbcTs of tliu enem_v. lliough il was long Itxiowi* tE»aL 
wo were marchiug to tlie asaiatuncc of tbe Soiill), not the 
least provision was mndo to bosLLm or eaooui'iigc our 
Toarcb, "Wagons to imnsport the bnggago, and provi- 
aions to mbsrst tbo troops, have bolli Loen wtmlitig. We 
liave for st>mR Lime depended upon l.Iie priicjtrious and 
cruel practice of impressing Lories from post to post. 
Wt have also been driven to the diano:;recablc alternntiye 
of permitting tbe men to murmur aod languish fbr the 



-t. 



30+ 



Letters during 



want of meat, or scizitig cnttic on the imiroh ; not kn^w- 
iug wJioee property they H-cra iiuleas tUo ownera come to 
oflmp to comjilaiu of tbc injury. Horrid war 1 Ih'iiven'a 
greut^st ciirHP to mankind ! We are told tilings will grow 
Ijetter, tlio Jurtlier we proceed south ; 1jul tbe 1i(i|re mnst 
be precariously founded which dcpeitda apon tho com- 
plfli^iuiee of Gen. Lord Oomwallis, I ivould not write 
Huch plain trutljs, did yoa rol know ihat T am not given 
lo despondency ; and I hwvc thy HMine provldeJiri- to caH 
forth my lioi«?s, wliioU exerted itself so miraciilt>u8ly whoD 
Howe waa io Ntw-Jcraoy/' 

"/JiVcr PeM'e, J/ifliywA'aJ^fif'^T Aiigual 9,1780. A¥liai 
the tTOOpfl, officers, aa ^vdl ns jirlvates linve HulV<?rcd is be- 
yond dosrription. Tliy roqxjml of Gi'ii. fJift-s giinrd hu 
returned Ibrthe aecond time to-day from the com miasftry^s 
without being ablo lo draw nny virovisionH, and dcclarca 
to me that lor seven days they have only drawn two 
djiya' beef, hut rot a pnrticlo of med or flour. The eye of 
the moat rigid jiislico must wink at plunder iu tncli cJr- 
cumslfuicea; and 3uch h tbc scnrdty wLii:h reigna upon 
the Peedeo, that proTisioaa can not l»c obtained even by 
xmjufttTfiablo methods^ Apples have boon the only tup. 
port of the troops for ayv^enil dnys at n time. Indeed 1 
thought it inpOMAihlu for buiniin nuture to hsvB subBltftod 
BO long ajj 1 hnvt known it lo do upon green frmt. For- 
tunately green corn has emccceded applcd, but, without 
eomo less jirecorioua and more sohBtintia] eupplioSr the 
efi^et must bi> dreadful. The hopes of final HDeceB>; nt'Ter 
foi"sake me for a moment, but evt^ry thing dUcoui'aging 
dwells around our little army. Wo baye not nmcb, I be- 
lieve, to fear from the enemy, but troops must be more or 
leu tbau men who can long endure what we now taflbr,'' 



the Campaign. 



lie wrote as follows of tlie panic then prCTail- 
iog 111 tbe Soutlieru Statea, uiid tbe iijjury doae 
to the Americflu cauae by the conduct of the 
militm : 



• 



I 



'^Tf»e march of Iloive tlirougli JerBcj Bfircjid ncL half 
tbc lein-or wliich lias been iaaplrcd by oiir defeats at the 
South. TlioBO tvUo oaeapcd spread univcrsaJ terror. All 
waa conquered, ruineil, undone I Even iho dominioa of 
Virginiii most fall \ And, b/ tbe by, Imd Clinlon enlered 
it mill bis army, iTiej must bare made a temporary sub- 
mission, al least until our nrmy could have murclicd to 
tbeir aaBtBUDce. W« ecarcoly meet a man who has not 
lalcen tlie oatli of allegian&a to bis majesty of BriUiu, or 
given bis p.^role tlial be would Iig neuter, and give btm- 
wlf up a prifloner ■when called U|>on. Tbe common peo- 
plo of tlio Carolina^ nre not to blamcn Looking upon 
eye ry thing aa IoBt,vbat could they do? TLe appoaranoe 
of an urmy with lenity would, In a short time, bav« called 
all Bucb to llie American fitanilard, ivere Ibey not pre- 
vented l>y tbc militia, who lake them prisonera^ uae them 
unmcrcifiilly, plunder aod destroy their effects, imd leave 
their holpU-aE women and cbildron in Uio utmost distrosa ; 
so that many of them have left tlieir families and carried 
off thoir negroes and cattle, some to the enemy and 
some tc escape the route of our army, We Jiavo passed 
whole ntighborhooda dcaeited by the inhabitautSt and the 
few who remiLin trenibling alive from Lho hcjrrid aocounta 
which tinve been Bpread of our army as a number of bnn- 
dilli, plundering all before ihem, and hangitig forty or 
24' 



jo6 



letters during 



fifty nt n time of those wlio had lnk«^ii the onih to 

King : Ikougb lalae, verj laughabli;-** 

A letter dated at HlUsLorongli, the hejid- 
quarters ^ of the army, October IGj 1T50, U re- 
sumed after a few Itnea^ on the tbirty-firat of the 
same month, 'flie explaiintion of the irterval 
fliea the beginning of the disorder which cfllict- 
ed Mr- Arraatrong dming the remaiader of his 
life; 

** The btiuik between tlio ilntea hr» been fillpd np wU^ 
the moHt violent pains through my bonea- To whil epc- 
cica they l>elo[jg, I onn find no one wiac enoii;2;h to infann 
me. They hava at timea been bo violent, that iciHonailnl- 
ity by the usg of o]»ium haa been my only resource for 
rest. They seeui lo 1h* pretty wel) removed, bnt an at- 
lempt to rida on horscbnck baa once or twice bronglit 
them bnck ngaia* -which mjikea mc unwilling to renew the 
experiment nnlU their light flying parties completely take 
ihcmseiros off." 

"I am highly delighted," he remarks to his 
correspoodent, *' with your sentiments on nni- 
versftl liberty. They hare long been mina I 
was instructed in them before I coold reason." 

The Iftst letter of tlie campaign which is ex- 
tant, IB dated at Charlotte, December 8, 1780, 
when Gen. Greene had just taken the chief com- 
uLand. In it he ^nys : 



ihc CampLiign. 



307 



*' There U not a flioglc department of oar flnay wliick 
hfts, for «omc time past, mam tainGd tlie l^juat rogularitj, 
unless wg are permitted to call it regular confus^ioii, 
Tbitik tLtrn w1i:£Ti mn^t Ik; iIlg fiiliLilion of onr present 
Commander iu Cluef, Tvith icw reyuWs, and thoae iosutli 
circiimatanocs as often to stnggcr iny Jaith wliethcr dc^r- 
tiou bo a cmoo, especially in a perecn of no more refined 
Rf^ntiments thnn a soldier of the common lev^l, and with. 
miliiin whrnc conduct has liccn one cause of our pommon 
diaafltera, Tho w:int of proTision, whicli lays tUe Jbunda- 
tion for the difltrcsMng aoceaaity of permitting the tfoops 
often lo enter for Ibemsolve?, brs prostratod every idea of 
idiacipline^ iind given Iherolns to the moat licentious conduct, 
unremitting supply of fucd alone cad refitmin, and In 
tame correct our dangerotw mannerB. Gen, Grec-ne lina 
already taken measures ■whicU premise CTQry tilings iTio 
hendd of ibo Roanote, Dan, Catawba, and the Rocky 
river, wbioli bnve hilberto been cnn^darod os nscleas in 
tba creatiou, are to Irausport our provisions from Vlr- 
g^ia." 

^^ I have made an obaervaticn sinoc I came South, which 
I did not advert to before. The inhabitants of a IState 
nenfiBsnry for its defense in itme of war^ or oven on a and- 
dop invasion, iimikI treble or quailmplo the number im- 
mediately necessary for tho field. Without establishing 
tbia proportion, when those necessary lo cultivate the 
laud, tho timorous, the dlsaffeoted, and ddmquent^ of all 
orders, vphom it is ont of the power of government; to 
bring lo the flidd, are kid aade, no country wm dtrfend 
itself This appears to me to hv the condition of Virginia 
and North-Carobna, milcAs thebl&ckaare called in to their 





3o8 



Wm. C. Houston. 



oaaiatnncc. I r?a.1ly pity tho gentlemen of Vir^Di^ of en- 

inrgod and liberal minds. They arts oa gg<jd theoretic 
poliucliktia [13 any on (ho coniincnt^ but ivlK^n they m«el 
in Assembly lud mnkc the best laws in tho irorW for the 
defensu of a 8tnty, lltore jirft not witito sulyects Bufficicnl 
in tbe Sialc for the laws to opcrnle tipon.'^* 

Wc find Mr. Armstrong returned to New- 
Jeraey in 1782^ as in the June of that jear he 

" WlLtUAl OiHTOCUiLL HoLai'ON) Mr AiauUniiE'a corre«poadrDt« wvl 
HftflTviirda A pirisbioner in Tpenion, wu a nKLive of SoulL-Capolioi. 
After Lbc *j(tiDf Lweuty-onfi hBeaC«red FiiacctoJi CoUfige u a Freahmaa; 
vhilfl litmseLf a Bludent iiu AJuUted in CoiotLiTi; ihtj G rsDunor-SiAiooL 
Hfl gndu&ted 1TG8. lo 1769^ boirigthoa UAet«r at th« Sdiool, b« wm 
elecled Senior TuLcir of CflLlega, auii la 1771, Profecsm of Motbomatha 
Bad b'ftiin] PhiloBopbj. He rsHigiaixl the chAir 17^3, Htwbloh tin* 
lie wBfi alBO Treaaureroflhe Trueteee. Twt> jeops betbre Us r^gaaliou 
be had benn, after tljo PtqulnUe muraa of sluay, odmmed W tUe bar, iJ» 
romoved lo Trouton^ and had & largo proctico, aot^hetjuidiin^ faia ngid 
adborcDce Uj bbe delermLnAtioa Lbat be would nQyer uadBrtBl* ■ caixw 
which h& did DOt bebsvo to ba Jost Sfr. HmuLoti Ueld levenl public 
gfflcn^ Bucb oa KeofJTei of CoatkcDUl UxeOf (ITfiS-^,) nad Clerk oTtbo 
Supreme Court, ^I'Sl-^O E« woB fi^e timft^ (Qrst In U 7 !■> elected to 
tbo C4>ti|jrp«s«Df the C^nfedcra^DLi. Ho was oDQor^ba thrco dele|;4if« 
□f !:fe^-.reTse7 !□ thu body of Ck>[iiniiaakiDQra wLidi mat nt Auiiapalls. 
(I7BA,) vbtcb resulted in Bi}@;g«CiDg tlie iJoDvoution whicli farm&d iho 
Cuuatiiuiioii, EEb waA Bppoiutvd a nipiubor of that CDuvoutiou, but d^ 
dining beolLh ceeme Lo hsvo pr^Tenied Lift fitLfudanoA. la 11 &e be left 
Trealob to try Itjo beo^tit of hb nitiTO cUoiatc, but boTore be reedied 
FliUadvlpbb Qlnon compelled hun w aWp, nud lie died ab ad iim In Ibe 
■«1U«6 of Fmiiklord. Hij body iv«a tBksn fof buriaa lo the ground of 
tbo Se<N>nd r(tdb;rl<irlaQ Church !□ rbikdalpluL For ujoet of LhcA 
pvtlL^nlara Z am Jitdebu^il ta a DOllce oonmimloaied by uty fhend, Wil- 
linni C. ^toKAudar, E»i-, to lli«^fli'^yi>i'](: CUtrvtr of BUrdi IS, lAtS. 



I 

4 



Call to Trenton. 



309 



hegau to supply tbe chnrcli of Elizabethtown, 

nrnde vacant Ijy the ass^issioiition of the Rev. 
James Calilwell. In the month of Auguat he 
waa marrietl, l>y Dr. Witherspoon, to Suganaah 
Livingi^ton, a daughter of Robert Jaraes Living- 
ston, wLctae widow, Mrs. Arinstmng's mother, 
was residing at Princeton for the education of her 
sons, three of whom, William Smitli, Pot«r R,, 
and MatuT'in, graduated ftt that College. Mr. 
ArmstTong'a service at Elizabethtowii waa ter- 
minated in 1783, by an illness which required 
him loeuapend hjs labors. 

Upon Dr. Spencer^s death in Ti-entori, in De- 
cember 1784^ Mr. Arniatront; preached his fune- 
ral sermon^ and afterwards frequently f^npplicd 
vacant palpit. At a meeting of the Tm-^Ue^^ 
October 17, 17S5, they " agreed to present a call 
to the Presbytery at PcniiiEgtoD, to-morrow for 
the Iter, Mr. Ai'mstrong to settle in this congre- 
gation, and appoint^^d Mr. Benjamin Smith [one 
of the elders] to present the call to the Pj'eaby- 
tery." It ia probable that there hatl been a pi'e- 
vions election by the congregation^ at which the 
Trustees were empowered to take tbe regular 
steps for eftecting the call. The minutes of the 
at Penninfftoa were never recorded. 



raeetmg 



310 



Transferred to 



When tliG Presbytery met in Trenton,* April 
2fl, 1736, Mr. Armstrong being present as a cor- 
respondiDg member, it is recorded : 



" On tho call offered to the Ucv» ilr, Arinatrong at thn 
last meeting of PreHbytcrj-, Mr, A. informod the Presbj'- 
tery tliai a*>reral siejis havo been, taken towards obtain- 
ing bis diBniiaaion from llie Presbytery of Newcaail^, and 
prepoiijig the way for liis Betlleraent in the congregation 
of TrcQton ; and tbnt bo hoped eooQ tc give hi5 fin&l 
aaavvcr.'* 



1 



Ou the day lie m.nde tbis statement the Ne 
castle: Preabytery complied witli his rei|ijest, an 
on the seventeenth October, hia name appears 
among the membera of the Is^ew-Brunswick Pr^- 
bytery, without any preceding record of liis forin* 
al reception. The question of the ?^\\ being up 






*^ Mr, ArniBlrong Lebig col yet prepiircd to accept tl 

call from tlio con^'rc^tion of Treuton, i-equcBtod longer 
time to consider tbc nititter, whicli waa graatcd-" 

The impediment seems to have been indefinite- 
nees as t<» the salary. Mr. Armstrong was, how- 



• For ftCTcrtl ywra tlw Preabjlerj mel at Npw-BruQ»wick. Priuc*' 
ton. add TreniDD in roUiraiL Tlia oai>rU to repMl ihe rule vtm ml, 
lucceiflAil Dpti] Aptil^ 1801. 



New Brunswick Presbytery. 



31 > 



ever, considered so for committed to the congre- 
gation that a3 early as February 14, 1T86, bis 
name appears in their minutes as present as '' the 
minister " who^ nccording to the charter, was nnifc- 
ed with " the elders and deacons" in the election 
ofTrnateee.* Itwaanot until April 2G,1787,that, 

"The corgrcgalion of Trenton having informod Ppoa- 
bytery of the sum jinneTcd to thoir cnH, preaented to Mr, 
Arrrkfitrong some limo ago, and bming f^vea wrilteii obli- 
gatii>ii for Lis fiuppoi t, Mr. Annslroug accepted of theic 

There la no record of the ii^tallation. 
From the earli^t date of his residence here, 
the church was open for the commemorntion of 
the national anniversary^ and other acknowledg- 
ments of the divine providence in pabhe aflaira. 
In the Gazette of Jnly, 1756, it is published that 
on the fourth instant the inhabitants at eleven 
oVlock attended the Presbyterian Church, where 
they hear J ^' an animated address by the Rev. 
Mr. Armstrong ; after which they met at tho 



* Tbe bujuaCM meetuiga were iLOt ulsfitja heU la. Bacred placcf^ TbiH 
CM nrns '*iit thfl hfiuae of Fraupia Witt, la Traototi;' At the nPTtflUi- 
ed [EGQllDg of tbe Ttu:i1cc3, " tho wDatfacr boliig aorcK, th^jr ndjouirieil 
to Lte liotiHj of Francis Villt, inn-icoapEr," Al olLor limes Iho pUim 





31^ 



Salary. 



lionse of Mn Drake, partook of a cold collation, 

and retired to tliGir several employmente-*' 

Id Augnst, 1780, a Eubscription of one Lan- 
drcd pouadawflH directed to be undertaken fortlie 
repairing of the pnrsouage for tlie new pastor,* 
Two thirtls of the sam were assessed on the town 
church, aiid the other third on the country chorcli, 
and in this proportion the two din^ious of the 
coLgi'egation were to i-eceive the Sabbath servi- 
ces of their minister. The sahiry was two hun- 
dred pounds, payable in the same ratio, In April, 
1787, ^Hhe old bouse congregation" informed 
the Board of Truatee.s that they could not r^e 
their third of the salaiy for only a tbird of the 
pastor^a time; wherenpon the town congregation 
offered to pay one hundred and fifty pounds sal- 
jy, and have the exclusive services of the minia- 
ten 111 the following October a motion was 
made in the Board, 

*'By Mr. William Burrouglifl, Mr. John Howell, tmd 
Mr. EliGucEor Roe^, for fi eopEirAlicm f and that ^re jmn 
witli Ihe rountrj- part to give np Ihv prpsciil cbnrter, and 
cDdi-nvot ta get c-iLcli [l eepiuale chaitcr, ;ldi1 divijf tlio 
property bolon^p to the preoetit congrcgatifQ ; wbioTi 
woa poatpoDcil for funher cotiaidorattcm>" 

■ Tbe tctuol coit ciceedvd the ceiimftU b; nveatjUT* twonda 



New Chancr. 



313 



WLeu the Board met, Rlarcli 12, 178S, 



" The gentlemen of the counlrj part of tho oongrego- 
tion ngrpc to give their sTiswer on WednPSfWy nest, tha 
iiineteciilL InNlmitj wbnt llie^ can and v/Wl du with tLo 
town part." 

On that day, it being reported to tlie Board 
that "fifty pounds can not be raised in tliecoua- 
try part of the congregation beloiigiog to the 
Old Hou^e," a new modification whs suL'gested, 
namely, that '* the congregation of Trenton" 
should pay the paator one haadred dollars year- 
ly for one half of his time, and consent " that be 
may dispose of the other half between Maiden- 
liead and the Old House, a.^ he and they may 
agree/' 

By an Act of March 16, ltS6, the Legialatoi-e 
of New-Jersey ch.arged the law of corporations 
(wliicli had hitherto required a special applica- 
tion for eacli new charter) so that any Chi'btian 
society, numberiDg at lejiat tliirty f;imnies, upon 
the election of trustees, and their qualification by 
oath, and the filing of a certificate to that eflect 
with tlieCountyClerk, should, by that process, be 
admitted to be fully incorporatedp Tlie town part 
25 



314 



Seal 



of the Trenton congregation soon took advantage 
of tliia pToviaioD to o])tnin a charter to supersede 
that oP' George II. ; and for wlucb they had inef- 
fectually applied to the Legislature of 17S1, 
through D\\ Spcucer, The congregation met 
Maiy 4, 1788 ; " having previously agreed to ad- 
mit and receive the iohabitRnta of Lambertoo, 
and those between that and Trenton, who may 
at any time join said corgi^egatioo, as entitled to 
all the rights and privileges of their Act of In- 
corporation ;" and elected as their Trustees, 
Alexander Chambera, Samuel Tucker, Alirahaui 
Hunt, Moore Furman, Isaac Smith, Bernard 
Ilnnlon, and Hugh Kimyoii. The corporate 
title assumed was, "The Trustees of the Presby- 
terian Church yf Trenton." The device adopted 
for the seal (1V90) was an open Bible with a 
burning lamp suspended over it, and th© matto, 
" Light to my path" Around the edge le, 
" Pi-esbyterian Church of Trenton," 

In September, 1788, '' the Board of Trnateea 
from the country," met with the town Board, 
for the purpose of an equitabia division of the 
bonds and otber securities of the oK! corporation ; 
ami in April^ 17P0, the town church bought the 



Parsonage, 



315 



third of the parsonage of their late co-portaersi 
for one hundred pounds.* 

On the twenty-third April, 1Y90, the congre* 
gation were called together in refL^rence to a 
proposal from the Jliudealiead church; there- 
suit of which 19 seen in the proceedicga of the 
Presbytery of the twenty-eigbth Apiil: 

** A eoll from tliG eongrpgation of Maidenhead, in due 
fbrm^ signed hj their Trustees, aiiputaiing tlio pnymeni of 
one hiin^lrEtl iKJiinds in goM or silver, in lialf-jcarly pay^ 
menla, for balf of the niinistenol labors of the Itev Jamea 
F. Armstrong, accomi)ai]iccl irith a certificate from tho 
oongregntion of Trenton, of their willingnoss that he 
should accept of it, was laid before Pi-eebjtery, and tho 
Presbytery haring preftenled the said cull to Mr. Arm- 
fitroDg, he decUred bis acceptance thcreo£^' 

This arrangement continued until 180G ; the 
pastor residing in Trenton and giving lii^ attenil- 
ance on the Lord's dny altoTiiatoly at the two 



* Thu pnTaDOd^ doeda roaj bo Juurjd Lu Bwk AT. 103* 100. Ttio 
Tru5WHii fif " the Virat PreRh^ifrtin Chnivh or Trent on, ' which wm Iha 
Ijtle t&ktn b/ iho oouotrj church upon (be FwpuraikiiiH nets Buaiei 
f^cudilBo John Hovel], Ebeuezer Rdh^ Tiirotliy Howtll, VTilJlim GfMD, 
Jamcfi UiiPFoagh'", anJ BeiJ*tn[n JoLnflt^n. Ur, Kirkpslrlcb wni 
probibly tlie Urst occJtuul orUie pawnisgH. In n6»-7iJ. " itrs-Sirah 
TfMi" vu crfldited for the TtQt Tbs Rev. DrHow (laiO^SL) ir« th* 
tart or tbe put^rs nho rraidcd in ItbtlbrQ it wu »Ld, 



3i6 



EHkines. 



churches. In a-«senl!ng to tlie plan, the TrenoDi 
people stipulated for "the privilep;e of preeenl 
iof? a call at some fotrire time to Mr. Arnistron;? 
for tlie whole of lii^ hihor, if Providence should 
tsoctinae him io tliis part of hia vineywd." 

NOTE. 



In Angpst, 17B5| the Trsjitoti OmetU annoimood Ihc 
denth of *' EiiKMizutt Ekskise, iicjiUhw tn tlie ]jili.' Robert' 
Erskine.*' lie died "at the seatof Uobert Leltia Ht>oper, 
near Trent oil, rmd wna interred Id the Presbytenaa 
^round,'^ In Lis will, miidG in Lie last illnoaa^ ho dcamboa 
liinHolf Afl "late of the city of Glaflgov, iti Scotland."' 
*' Being weak in liia hand, lie bad ncit strength lo writa 
iiJB Clirwtinfi name,'* but after a legacy to a poor "boy at 
the li'Oii Works in Ncwfoundlnnd, Morris connty, he be- 
qjieatliL'd Ida property to liia eifltor, Nancy Erskiiic, of 
Edinburgh. 3Ir, Hooper and Samuol W, Stockton were 
his exet^ntor^. 

The wilf of the uncle, Robert Erskinc* is somewhat of 
ftn autobio^jrophy. It was made in New- York, Ring- 
wood, and Philadolphia in 177C-0. nnd proved at Uion- 
oHster, N. J^ Xovembor 21, 1780, It begioji: '* I, ftob- 
ert Erskine, eon of the Rev. Ralph Erskhu*, nnthor of the 
Gospt;) Sonnet.-, etc,^ by the providence of God at prcsont 
in America for tbe purpose of direclmg, condqciing, and 
ttiklng dtarge of several Iron Worka, and other liuidfl and 
property belongm^; to c^entleman ia Eugland, who style 



Erfkincs. 



3'7 



tbenuoLvoB the Propriotora of tlo Xow-York and Now- 
Jeraey Iron Works," It furthor iranepiroa througli bis 
will, tlmt tho tesiator. Laving sunk his patrimony in his 
LonJou trade, bvcjuno a stirvejor mn\ i'ng]ne{*rT unil was 
the author of aoveral ijwtiitions, cepecially of a cenlrifiigol 
engine, of the aiicoc^a of which ho wns bo saagiunc an to 
leiiVG detailed tlirectioua how his wiilow hhoutU aharo the 
profits with bb old creditors, Mr, Hooper wns connocled 
with tlieee Iron Works. Ai^lvenisenn-nis in 1T&2-3, 
signed by him, in behalf of ^^ the American Ilingwood 
Company,'^ in Bergen county, refer to Ebcncaur Krskino 
oa on the promises at Kingwood, and to ICobcrt Krakine 
OS " the Iflle agent for aald Company." 

In the Trejtron Gazetfe of October 18, ITao, is this 
EOtiee : ^^ Died the second instant, at bia house at 
Bingwood, KoaEBT EnsKizfE, FhR.S,, and Gcograplier to 
the Army of ihu United Staiee, in tbo forly-gistb year of 
hia age," Some of the military maps in Mr, Irving'^ Life 
of Wasbinglon give credit for their origin to Mr, Erskinc's 
m^LUHcripis, wliidi aru uov in the pussLWon of the New- 
York Ilifilorical Society, 

The memoir prcfij^cd to tho t^'O grcnt folins of the 
Glasgow edition (1784) of tbo Kev, Ralph Erekino'a 
Works, opens thiia : "The Rev. Mr. Henry Erskine, the 
author'^ father, was amongst the younger of ihe Ihirty- 
three children of Ralph Ei'ukine. of SliitlfieUl/' Tlic cele- 
brated sonnetteer had three nona in tho ministry; "Lis 
only flon now in life la Robert, n morchnnt in London,'^ 
vrho died in New-Jeraey, sis stated above. Lord Cmnp- 
boll, (himself a son of ihe celelimtpil PrPHhyterian divine, 
Dr. George Camplwll, of Aberdeen,) in bis Life of Lord 
2a* 



3i8 



Er&ines. 



Chancellor Erskmc, eays : " The Earl*fl [Bnchati, the 
Chancellor's father] great-grandfather h(td aofiered in the 
Covcnan Ling cause in the preceding ceDtorj; and thoM 
]tiou?4 met), Raljih nnil Ebenezer Erskine, who had recentTj' 
eecctleJ from the cstabltshmcnt, and ^^Lofie senthneDta 
havo been adopted and acted upon by the Free Chnrch of 
Scotland, were hJs * far-away couwne.' " (Live* of the 
Lord CAancellora^ chap, cIxxti.) 



The General Arstcmblt — New CossTrruTroN OT 
THE Cnritcn — Notes. 



BIbh Ap-mbtrong was active, both in Synod and 
Presbytery, in the measures wliich resulted in 
the formation of the General Assembly. 

In the year 1185 the Synod o( New- York and 
Pbiladelphia wtis the Supreme Judicatory or 
Cuurt of our whole Cliurch in the United Stat^. 
It comprised fourteen Pre^ibyterieB ; namely, 
Suffolk, Dutchess, New-York, New-Brunswick, 
Fiist Philadelphia, Second Philadelphia, New* 
castlo, Donegal, Lewes or Leweston, Hanover, 
Abington, Orange, Redstone, and South-Caro- 
lina. Eveiy minister and one ruling elder from 
each session were then, aa now, entitled to seata 
in the Synod; Lnt the list shows how di&tant 
were the extremes of its boundri, and the roll of 
that year'3 session in the central city of Pbila- 
delphia, shows bow this distance prevented a full 



320 



The General 



represeatation ; for on the first day there were 
thirty nmiiaters present and 6isty-<?ight absent, 
not counting six entire Preabytfiries without a 
single commissioner. There were only eix elders ; 
and during the sesaion no more than twelve of 
both orders dropped in. The overture was there- 
fore timely whiL^h was then presented, proposing 
a division of the esiating Synod into several^ and 
the formation of a new delegated body, as a 
General Synod, Council, or Assembly, out of the 
whole. The sobject being deferred antil the 
session of 1T86, a resolntion was in that ye«r 
passed in favor of the overture, and a committee 
appointed to report a plan of division. Their 
report recommended a new arrangement of the 
bounds of the Presbyteries and the formation of 
four Synods, to be subordinate to a General As- 
sembly. The proposed alterations in the Pi'ce- 
byteriea were adopted, and the remaining sug- 
gestions postponed for another year. At the 
same eeesion a committee was raised to digest a 
Bj'stem of government and discipline^ which was 
to be prinled and diatriljuted among the Presby- 
teries for their opinion. This pamphlet was in- 
troduced into the New- Urnns wick Presbytery 
April 25, 17S7, when it was referred for examina* 



Alacrably- 



321 



tioB to Dr, Withei^poon And Mr, Armatrocg^ 

together with James Ewing, &q,, aa elder of the 
Trenton Church, and Mr. Longstreet, an elderof 
the Priuceton Church, to repoit ia the nest 
month ; but the chlera not attending the com- 
mitter, the clerical members did not ofler any 
report. On the seventeenth Mtiy, 17SY,the com- 
mittee of Synod reported the draught of the 
government and discipline, and it was dally dis- 
cussed by pai'agrapha until the twenty-eighth, 
when a thousand copiea of the work, as amend- 
ed, were ordered to be digti-ibnted before fiaal 
action. The same committee -were directed to 
revise the Westminster ** Directory for Public 
"Woraliip,'' and acid it to the printed volume to 
be submitted to the judgment of the churches. 

The last meeting held by the Synod of New- 
York and PhUadelphia vra^ opened in Pbiladel- 
plna, May 21, 17S8. Mn Armstrong was Clerk^ 
and was one of a committee to Beltct and pub- 
lish the most important proceedings of the two 
closing se^ians of the Synod, witli certain statis- 
tics of the chnrcbee. On the twenty-third the 
draught of the new system came up for considcr- 
atioD, and ou the twenty-sixth it was completed. 
On the twenty-eighth it was ratified and adopt- 



322 



Stnndurdfi. 



ed OS '*tbe Constitation of tlie PreabyteriftH 
Church in Americft," A correct copy was ordet^ 
€d to be printed, together with the "Westmins- 
ter Confession of FfliLh, aa malting a part of the 
Constitation," 

The Synod proceeded to consider the draught 
of the " Directory for the Worship of God " con- 
tained, like tie basis of the pai-ts already adopt- 
ed, in the standard hooka of the Church of Scot- 
lauj, and nfler revision this was adopted. The 
"Westminster Larger and ShoJ'ter Catechisms 
were then sanctioned as they stood, excepting a 
slight amendment of the former on a point re- 
ferring to civil government, and vreve ordered to 
be inserted in the same volume with the confea- 
sion, form of government, and discipline — ^th© 
whole to be considered " as the standard of our 
doctrine, governraent-j discipline, and worship." 

Dr. Duffield, Mr. Armstrong, and Mr, A^hbel 
Green* were made the committee to superinteud 
the publication of the whole work. Mr. Arm- 



• ThlB nama hav bwnrae m Tmor*hle unci Diniillflr Uim U ntriliw on* 
WllU aurpriae lo 9ni tlial In tlio wrmoa preacTied bf Provost Kwicg ml 
tilA ordiDitluti aiid iiiBUilliueal, (Ms; IS. IT ST,) U ia ^ivea both au ih* 
title i>ip« uiil in tbs molLiUoa <iT the (farpontioD oT tl» Saoood Cliiiroh 
nllfnir Ibr Im publicaiicn. bb AahinUU Green, 



New Synod 



3^3 



strong was also associated at this time with Dr, 
Witberspoon, Dr. S. S. Smith, aod others oa a 
delegation to the convention, with correeijonding 
delegates fiTun the Synods of the A5&>cinte Re- 
formed and the Reformed Dutch Churches, vvhicli 
had been alreadyholdingseveriLl conferences with 
a view to some systematic intercourse of those 
three Prealjyteriau bodies. 

On the tiventy-nintli day of May the Synod 
waa dissolved. It had then one hundred and 
seventy-aeven ministers, eleven probationers, and 
fuur haodred and nineteen congregations. Fif- 
teen ministers and twenty-aix congregations were 
in the Preabytcry of New-Brunswick. 

3iy the new arrangement the Presbj'teries of 
Dutchess, Suffolk, New- York, and New-Bruna- 
wick constituted the *' Synod of New- York and 
New-Jersey " It held its first meeting in New- 
Torkj October 29, ItSS, when Mr, Armstrong 
wflfl one of the clerks. The Synod taking "into 
consideration the distressed state of the people 
of the Presbyterian denomination on the fron- 
tiers,'* resolved to aend mi^ionarles among them 
the nest summer, and appointed Dr, JIacwhorter 
and Mn Armstrong to spend three months in 
this service. For satisfactory reasons the first 



3^4 



Firft General 



appointment was not cnrrieil into effect, but for 
several aesaions an annual delegation of iDbsion- 
anes was made. In 1T94 the Synod resolved to 
fjatabliah *' a standinc^ and continued inissioD on 
the frontiers of New-York,*^ and Mr, AmiBtrong, 
who was the Moderator of that year, wiis hy the 
honse placed upon a committee to initiate it* 

The three other Synods into which the parent 
body was divided were named Phihidelpbia, Vir^ 
ginia, and the Carolinag. "The General AsRcm- 
Idy of the Preahyterian CLnrch in the United 
Ktdtes of America," wliich was the style given 
to the chief judicatory, waa required to be com- 
posed of delegates from each Presbytery, in pro- 
portion to their numbers. The first Assembly 
met in the Second Church (Arch Street) of 
Philadelphia, on ^'the third Thursday of May^" 
(twontyfiret,) 17S9, 



* Tho region of K^w-Tork nroacd the L'BTUga and Sen^n Ikkn mi 
iiBuiBd. aiiLj jeara Bin™, "Uio uuiihwoateru fforitierB" oF imr Cliiirdi> 
In lT9a Mr. licorga Socti^ of tlia ^rfabflerj of Nev-SmnHnic-lc, n>a 
sent to thaL rcgina ut '* iLlnf^rota fjr at teast Qva monih^ ta a miEAbner," 
Tho miDUtea or l@0^ coaiufn hq iDtenniiug hiaiorii-al docunitfut In ■ 
■' ganon] reparl MnoorLlBs thcflft diairicls VPilhin UiG jufifditli'-n of Um 
Sjpcd uf Hsw-Yjrk aud KoW'Jtrjej, wbidi meat ^i&iTtkMlEU'Jf n-jiiinj 
tha Jabon of miVBlonHTiPfl nod the dtHlribuUciD of plDUi iracU &ciaDg tbft 
poople."' 




Afsembly. 



3^5 



The first ratio of representation in tbe Gene- 
ral AsaemMy was one luiiiieter and oae elder, 
vrliere a Presbytery consi^ited of not more than 
six luiiiistfirs; double tlie n umber "wb ere it con- 
sisted of more than six, but not more than 
twelve, and so on. Ntw-Bmnswlck, consisting 
of fifteen ministers, was entitled to three com- 
missioners of eacli ordur, and their first rcpre- 
aentativee la the Assembly were Dn Wither- 
spooD, Dr. S. S- t*mith, and Mr. Armstraiig, with 
elders John Bayard of New-Erunawicb, Join 
Carle of Bjiakingridge, and Nehemiah Diiuham 
of Bethlehem. 

Ml'. Armstrong's aasociationa with tbe Pj'eai- 
dents Withera]K>on and S. Stanhope Smith were 
those of neighbors and strong personal friends. 
The names of the three constantly occnr on the 
aume coiumitteed of the ecclesiastical bodies of 
which they were fellow-oiembei^. The ancient 
custom of making a formal acknowledgment of 
the civil authority was continned, for some time 
after the Republic was founded; and in IV^O 
the three frituds were part of a delegation of 
Pi'esbytA^ry to present a congratulatory aJdresa 
to Governor Pattei^sou on hia aocesaion. In 1T1»9 
Smith, Hunter-^ and Aimstroug were appointed 
20 



326 




to report on a recoramendation from the superior 
judieatoriea favoring the formation of societiea 
to aid the civil magistrate in tlie suppression of 
vice. The next year a majority of the commit- 
tee reported adversely to the proposition, oo the 
gronnd that the civil and religious institutions of 
our republic beicg totally separate, the best way 
left for eccleaiaatical bodies and men to aid the 
laws is fidelity in pastoral duties and in strength- 
ening moral and religious principles by the ex- 
tension of i'cligiou3 kno\7ledge. Mr. Armstrong 
entered his dissect, not from the principles of the 
report, but because he regarded it as contraven- 
ing the recommendations of Synod and Aasem- 
Uy. 

In the classical Academy which was founded 
by the " Trenton School Company" in 1781, Mr, 
Armstrong took an active interest. In 178l> he 
famished the trustees with a draught of laws for 
the government of the schools. In Jane, 1787^ 
he was engaged, on a salary, to take the general 
superintendence of the Academy, giving direc- 
tioa to the studies and discipline, attending in 
person as occasion required, and employing a 
master. This plan yrm relinquished in Septem- 
*8, but resumed in March, 1789, and con* 




Academy. 



327 



tinued until Lis resignatioTi in January, 1791- 
TJpoE hia withdrawal the Trustees granted him 
the privilege of sending two of hla children to 
the school ; and in the neiv^paper t>f January 6, 
07, ia printed an oration delivered at a late 
mhlic examination of the Academy by hia eon, 
Bobert Livin^ton Armstrong. 



NOTES.. 



N 



"TVie Trejiton School Compan^'^ originated ia a meet- 
ing of citiicna, held February 10, ITSI. Tbe original 
capital v^a£ aaven hundred and tn'ontj dollars, divided into 
thirty-eix shares. Part of the lot etill ccciipied hy the 
Academy in llanovGr (then Fourth) Htreet was jmrdjtt8f*d, 
And a fltonts Imildiiig eret'ted^ one story of whidi was 
occupied in 1782. The nejit year it was oalarg&d, imd the 
endowment increaecd. In 3785 it wji5 incorporated, and 
in 1 794 ita fimda were aided by a lottery. In 1800 the 
girh* school of the Academy woh removed to the achool- 
touse beJongriig to the Presbyterian Chureb. The graia- 
manschool attained a high reputation ■under a Bucceasion 
of able mastersH The public qimrterly osaminatione were 
n^iially oloeed with eicreisea in sperUving in the church, 
Thp npwspapera tell of the '* crowded nnd polito audi- 
ences" which attended, osually inciudiiig the Governor, 
Le^Iatnre, and dlaliuguiahed strangers. Among the 
latter, in 1 1Q\, wore the Frcaident of CongroBe, tho l^aron 




S28 



IsaacT Collins. 



Stciihcn, and ii^cmbers of ihe Congress and Lc^lnture. 
A full history of Ibc Academy down lo 18J7 may be 
foiinil ]□ ten eacrcs-^ivo niimbera of tb« Stafa O^is^U of 
Api-il flnil May of that yoar. 



IT. 

One of the most useAil and wortliy citi»eiw of Tronlon 
in tLia jinrt of its annah was Isaac Colliss, a member of 
the Society of Fricnda, and nn eutcrpdeing prinlor. He 
CQTUCi from BurlinpCon to Trenton in 1778^ ard resided 
here until hin removal to yew-Yoi-k in 1780. Hia wife, 
Rachel Bufld, wflf? grpat-giamlaiighlor of Wnhlon Stacy, 
the ofigmal propziotor of tbc land, Mr. Colliuu was one 
of the active fonndors of the Acad^mji und although nmt 
of bis children wore pupils, lie would not iake advantage 
of ilia riglil OS a stockholder to h^va them iratruet(}d 
without finlher charge. Tt la a Tcmnrltikble fflci in the 
history of biH family of fourteen children, that after the 
dettlli of one in iufiocy, iliere was no morliJity for the 
apace of fifty years. Uis cldcfll daughter (still anrviving, 
1850) was the wifa of Stephen Grellet, wlioae singular 
career ^^ a eonven from the fniih of Rome and the (posi- 
tion of body-gimnl of Louih XVL^ lo ii devoted Quaker 
minister and mhsMoaary, haa beea coiiimfntoi'iitiyl In a 
printed diacourflo by Dr. Van IlcnaBckor. Thofii"Bl ncwa- 
pnper in this State, *'lbe NewJersey Ga^totle," nr«« 
lASued by Mr, Collins at BnTllngtoo, December 5, 177?, 
It wnj( then irnnRlV-ri-^d to Treiitcjn, nnd publishHl ihnr© 
front February Eii, 1 778, to November 27, ] 739, (except* 
lag a BLispcnsion of nearly five montbs in ]7G3t] when 





Collins's Gazette, 



3^y 



it Wft9 disconlmncd. M/. CoULus wne xhe cc»nduotr>r u 
well as prO[)rii?lor of tlie papor, Indoed the Utie of 
editor Lad not lljeu Ru^ersfd^il ihat of ^^ tlie printer^' 

CoUJaa^s p>kper WAa ealnbUalicd to counteract tbe fuiti- 
republicun tendency of Kivicpion's "Koyal GaBCUe'* ii\ 
Now'Vork. GoYeraor Livingatoa voa a corroepoudont of 
the Trenton Ga^tto as long ^ it remiiincd La CoJIins^B 
hiLndu.* 

The pablication of the entiro Bible was, &t that period, 
BD Adyonturoas an andcrtftking for the Amerieau preM 
that it W!tB necGSBiti'7 to set^ora extraordinary enoourage- 
roent in advance ; find the tirst edition of itia ScripLiireB, 
thot of Juhu AiLkeii, wa« recommended to the country by 
a resolution of Congress. This was on Scplerabei 12, 
lTd2i jiiat five years after the report of a committee on u 
memorini bad stated tlmt to import types and print and 
bind thirty tboasanti copiea would coat i!io/J7"i lOs., and 
therefore recommended the innioi'taiHioii cf twenty thou- 
saad Bibles, which was adopted. 

In 1'88 Isaac Coliina isactcd propowla to print a quarto 
edition of the Bible in uioe hunJi-ed arid eighty-four pogOB, 



■ Sedgwick's Lifb or LHug^iWti, ch. viL rlil. Tte LegiiUti^re (Dec 9, 
nilfl exompleil Ifr, (.'ollina "and aaj aamb^rof oiqd, not oxceodlDg 
kior. to ba BrnpLojed bj blm il bb priatiug olt^ce," froui millLln accvice 
dDriDf lh& tJma Lbej were (KcU|a«ii m priDlicg tha Iawh or the weekJy 
newopAper The paciSc but coarageoui prialer Tiodicated ihe liberty of 
the pr^i bf refusing t^givfi tbe tiiime of ■ polUtcAl corr^'FiiioiideQ^l ^79) 
DL the domatid of ttin LcgulaLire CdiiucII. ^' Tu any alter coas, not Ln- 
compEiLbla viUi goad caiuwienca, or Lbe wolTare uf raj ccuDtrj, I ahiUL 
tliinl: rayafilf htiypj in Iibtiq^ it m tny |iow«r to obLJge fou." {Seiediorm 

lUe, p. 1S9.J 



33=> 



Coltinss 



At the pncc of ^* four Spaai^h doUiirs, one dollats lo be 
paid nL the lima of eabMrlblog." TheSrnodof N^w- 
Tort and Now-Jeraey (Xov, 3, 178S,) cameitly r«MHik- 
tneriied ilie undtrtnkhig, mid iip|wiiired Dr_ Wiiheripoon, 
iPi-esident S. S, Smitb^andMr. Armatroikg, to coacnrwltli 
committees of any otter denomiriaticQ.^ or of our OWQ 
Sjnodfl, to tGviac tbo abcota, and, if noccasary, to oeeist ia 
eelecLmg a standard edition. This commiECes was aathor- 
iBod to agree with Mr. Coilina to api»*?ud Osierrfcld's 
Kotes. if not lEConai^L^Dt witb tbc wisbca of ottior than 
Calyinistic Bnbacribcrs. In 17BD the Gont^ril Assembly 
appointed a committer of nxte^ri (an c^ tuoli waa Mr. Arm- 
strong) to lay Mn CoUiufl's proposals before tbdr ro?p<!«t- 
ive Preftbjteriea, and lo reronimend tlial mibscrtpUoiiH 
"be solicited in each t'orgregation, and report tbe number 
to the next Assombly. The recamniendatioii wa* reiter- 
ated ID wou and in 1791. 

Thus ^astainedf tlm quarto edition (fiv@ tbonsand oopi^^) 
was published hi 17fil.* Q^tervald'a ^^ Practical ObHerva- 
tiona,'* wbigb added one Iiunired and aeventj pogea gf 
matterf were famisbod to Epccinl subacribcrB. Collinfi'*a 
Bibk WAS eo carefully revtaod that it la ettll a EtandftriL 



* Tba Americika biatoriognphEr of printing mnkps no Tn«Dtion of llrft 
odiUirn, bal epuks odLj or Callins'a vft^ivo Kew T^tarncDtoF HAS, Obd 
Bible of nfl3-4. {TJitimiia'n SLsttfy, IL 114.1 CcUlat printed in Trcaton 
two thoiiHWjd oopiH or ^^wel'B History of Iho QuBkera, of luvp]^ & 
bbousand pegefl rub, KiMiiUuij'ASouib-CaroUoi, two vdmoM, and vihvT 

ht ISiS Ibe BnrTlving fkain^ of Ur Cdline priDtod (br priratfl BW » 
mamalr ut thfir VQDi-ralsd piirenl^ for ihe htlp of vliioh t aid ]Dd«bt«d 
to viy frieod, t»0O '.'□Llioi, of Phi1ad«[pbi(L S*e alfto Blake't Bieyrtk^ 
f,hi<iti Dkiivrmry, lUfJi cditi'cn. 



Bible. 



33' 



HimNelf and ^iH children rcjirl all tlie proofs; nnd it is 
BtiitHed JD the Prelace of \ euli^equent edilioo, alter men- 
tiomo^ the n:kniCB of bcvcitiI clergymen who aBsisted the 
publisher iu 170Ij " flora c of these [wraoas, Jnmcs F, 
Armstrong In pariicnl^tr, being nonr tho pve^ assisted oIbo 
in rending and e«>rrectiug the proof.biheetJi.'^ 

As All iu^tani^e of the weight wLioh the moat mcidental 
acts of the Aeaemblf curried ai that early period of its eiist 
cnce, I would fillndo to a letter to tho Moderator of 1700 
from tho Rev. David Kitre, oftyti called the Presbytei'ian 
pioneer, or Apostle of Ki?ijtm!kj, in which he etates that 
having received from Str. Annolroug^ aa Clerk of the Aa 
serahly, u notiiicatioo of the action ia refctcoco to the Col- 
linfl Bible, he h^d proetired the callmg of a special mccuug 
of the Traaaylvniiia Preshytery, " that we might bo in a 
capacity to ahoy the order of the General AMembly," 
" Such Li oLii' dispersed aitaation," thiLt it waA KiiJine weeks 
before the meeting could ccnyeae* "After tw^o days' 
delibcratioii on tho finbjcct)" they found that a com- 
pliance was impracticable, and on Mr, Rice waa devolved 
tho citiee of erpliiining the eau«e of the di'iiaijnency. One 
of the diflicidliua^vas that of sending a meracnger to Phil- 
adelphia in time for the Aaaombly, to oarry the advanced 
Bubaeription money \ " the want of horaija siiflicionl for eo 
long & joumoy, or of other necessLries, laid an efiectoal 
bar in our way.'** 

TLere W!is a. paper-mill in Trenton before the time of 
i the publication of Collina'a Bible, In December. 1789, it 

i WM advertiaad hy ita proprietor*, Stacy Potts and John 



* Orvm ud Iluiinl USS. 




332 



Rags. 



HeTDOldB, as " now nearly completed." HHie maiHiflus-* 
turers iasued earnest appeals ^r rags ; in one of their 
publicationa, presenting " to the consideration of thou 
mothers who have children going to school, the present 
great scarcity of that naeinl article, without which their 
going to school would avail them but little." In Janaarjf 
1789, " the Federal Post, or the Trenton Weekly Mer- 
cury," printed by Qaequelle and WiJson, waa obliged to 
have its size reduced "on account of the scarcity of demy 
printing-paper," 



Pdblio Occ\bions in Trentojs — Notes* 



1789—1806. 



Tjie 



twenty-first of April, 17S9, was a me- 
morable day in the liistory of Trenton. On his 
journey from Mount Vernon to New-York, for 
the purpose of being inaugurated bb the first 
Preaident of the United States, General Wash- 
ington rode through the town, and was received 
at the Assarpink bridge in the manner which 
has become too familiar to require repetition 
here* Iq the procession of raatroag who met 
the President, was the wife of Mr. ArmstroDg; 
and one of "the white-robed choir" who sang 
the ofle was their dnughter, afterwards the wife 
of Chief Justice Ewing. Washington's note 



Wiililui^tj. vuL xH. JL UD. Irviu^^ Wastibiutou, voL iv. duip. 3T- 
Er- Innig H^i of Lh« iDcidant fit TrtiLtoD: **We quffltini whetLu 
ULj tt tbea& Mfllimoclalq ur a uotiou's ^litndfl oDbcted Wiiflbiiig;kip 
mon Bonslblj ihan iJn»n ho recftlvfld At TrcntJin." 



33+ 



Fire Company. 



acknowledging the compliment was first deliver- 
ed to Mn AiTDstrong, and read to a company of 
ladies at the house of Judge Smith- The auto- 
graph is now in possession of the family, who 
also preserve the relics of the arch or nvhov under 
which the illugtriona traveller was receivod- 

It w^ formerly required that the names of all 
persons duly proposed as candidates for Con- 
grcBB, should be advertised by the authority of 
the Governor. In the list of 17^2 is the name 
of Mr. Armati-ong ; but from what nomination 
or whether with his consent, I have no informa- 
tion. 

On the seventeenth June, 1795, Mr Arm- 
Strong preached in Eaakicgridge^ at the ordina- 
tion of Robert Finley and Holloway W. Hunt^ 
when the former was in<4taUed minister of that 
congregation. In August of that year we find 
Mr. Armstrong taking a prominent part in a pub- 
lic meeting in reference to an expression of popu- 
lar opinion on the recent treaty between the 
United Htatea and Great Britain. There were, 
indeed, few objects of public interest, whether 
political or philanthi^opical, with which his name 
waa not found connected. It even atanda on the 
roll of the *' Union Fire Company" (instituted 



Library Company. 



335 



FebniQiy S, I'JiV,) which inclncled the most re- 
spectaVile citizens among its working membera. 
The few minutes that are extaot (1785-94) ahow 
that the clergymaa*9 membership was more than 
nominaL* 

MTien the "Trenton Library Company" was 
foundeJ, in May, 1797, Mr. Armstrong was im- 
mediately among its supporters and directoi-a. 
The same interest was evicced by him in the 
'* Christian Circulating Library," eatabliabed by 
the excellent Daniel Fenton, in 1811. 

The third Generid Assembly (1791) began to 
take meaaurea* through the Presbyteries, for col- 
lecting materials for a history of our Church in 
North- America. Ths New-Brunswick Presby- 
tery directed each of its pastors to furaiah the 
history of hia own pariah^ and assigned that of 
the vacant congregations to committees. Mr. 
Armstrong was appointed the collector for Am- 
welL 



• " OrdDwd, thai Mr- Arawirou^j Mr. Singer, wad Mr. T>ylOT wortc 
llie lor^ eugiitc in ticno of Qn^ iui4 ttiM Conrad Kotit And Issat; Barnes 
wi^rk tho vdbIJ bq; Idc/* *' Ordered, thai Mr. Armitroug find Ur, Tnj- 
Jor be ft owQinitLwj Id bavd g^od (niL ri^pu pat lo both soginci, und A 
nccessaij bamtfia hr one bome foT the Iv^tv «iigiD«." Tliu meiDben 
being Ai otie lim« roquirod to give aocoimi nhoiher ihey Itad dorw th^r 
duij, it is DDtQFcd llifit ■*}it. Armslroiiffr loddor-itiui "So. I, attaaded, 
uid broogbL Eorwird hU Ladder ud hooli ^o U» laLfl ^e.'' 





33& Hiftory. 

In 1702 Dr. Witherapoon and three others 
were appointed to write the histoiy of the Pres- 
Lytery ; in April, 1793, (before the discovery of 
the old miuutea,) Mr, ArmstroDg reported that, 
"either through inattention in the first minis- 
ters and congregations, or the loss of records 
during the wai', no documents are to be found 
from which to furnish materials respecting the 
first formation of congregations, or the early set- 
tlement of ministers." The order, however, was 
renewed, and the historical committee continued. 
In 1801— 

" Tlio Fresbytoiies of Xew-Bninswiok n»d Obio rcport- 
c<l llial, nj^TL-eably to ordi-r, they lind dnnvn up histories 
of tficir rt'^jicctive Prchbyluries, which were produced and 
bid oil ibc tiible,"* 

On the eleventh of May, 1T04, Jlr, Armstrong 
])rGached at the fii-st opening of the new church at 
Flemington. In 1797 he^vaa on the Assembly's 
dcl^'g.ition to the General Association of Con- 
necticut, which met at Windham; and again in 
1800 to the same body at Wethersfiekh 

Tlie enthusiasm of the lievolutionary soldier 

* I hflvo loukcd In Tain for Ibe li^ow-BniDawick hiMorj Id Uio trchirea 
of Iho AHemLly. 



Fourth of July. 



337 



ani chfiplitin was never wanting on the paWio 
occasions which appealed to it. The N«w-JerBey 
branch of th« Society of the Cincinniiti, of which 
Mr, Armstrong wag a raember, (and for n time 
Becretaiy,) u^iiially made it si part of their cele- 
bration uf the Fourth of July to hear the Decla- 
ration read at his Church, in connection with 
devotional services. On the anniversary of 1794, 
according to the Gazette of the tveek, that Soci- 
ety proceeded to the Church, 

"where aa elegant irnd tv ell-adapted diEcourse was de- 
livered by ill e Rei^, James F, Armstrong, in which the 
cilizeii, tlio floldier, ind his bretlireii of Lhe Ciit^^naU 
were addrc^Bud in a 6traiit Iruly auliuuted aud palbelic, 
as the friends of freedom, of goreramcab, and cf aeci- 

A faat-day was obser^edj by appointment of 
President Adams, in May 17^8, on account of 
the warlike aspect of our rektiona with the 
French Republic The Trenton pastor appears 
to have aroused his audience on the occasion to 
a mode of response not common in our churcheSp 
According to the newspaper report^ the sermon, 

*' while it deprccatod the mismea of war, yet tincqui- 
voeaUy uliowol thnt our existence and proBptrity aa n 
oatioa, depeaded, under God, on the imiou of oar ciiJ£eiia, 
27 



338 



Responses. 



an4 tbeir fiill conSdence in the measorcs ailopted hj out 
govemini^t ; to whioh JiH the cuugregaUon, ritung wiUi 
him, eaid, Am£JS I " 

A few months later there was a still more vo- 
ciferoa^ demonstration in the same place- I take 
the account of it from " The Ft^deralidt and 
New-Jeraey Gazette" of July 9, 1798 : 

^ We ahoitld Jo iojnsLico to the Rct. 3£r. ArmatroDg, 

orator of tho day, [Foarth of Joly,] were we to pass m 
mlcDce the nniverftAl npprobiLtloD with which was receive 
hia Jinjiaai.ed, patriotic, and elegaut address^ Jelivered 
before the Order of OmcriLDSiti,aiLd the moat crowdei] audi- 
etujc wc i!vcr roaicmbor to have eecD on onr former oec»- 
eioQ III Uiis place. One oireumstance demaiicls our pooti- 
lisr attention : thi^ orator, ia elouing Ida address, dhserxed 
in AubpiUuca, that na ut defense of the American Ri?to1u- 
tiou the; hiid pledged their honors, their lives aaJ for- 
tunes, 10 defend the American cause, it might be expect-. 
ed that tho Govommoat would a^gaia eolicit their ^d to 
prefiorve and defend hur from trlhuUry rasaaliige; and 
thou called on bin brethren of the Socitly wgain to join 
Idm in plcdgiiii- thrlr sacred hoDorB, lives, and forliuiM 
to defend the government and Inw^ of their ooimtr;. 
With nnimatcd hi-TDacss and glow ofpatriatLeiD the orator 
then prononnced, *T rts^lnt ft> Uvt and die fte^ ;* to 
which the whole SooToty, as with one voioOr mode the re- 
BpcinHo ; and thrtre animated cheery hetghteaed the scene 
of »ahli:nit J atid grandeur, far better to be oonccived thjui 
CJiprct^ci^l." 






Ill health. 



339 



It appears from anotlier colamn tliat the Cm- 
einnfiti I'epeated the emphatic sentence after the 
orator, anil that '^the whole military and audi* 
ence" joined in tlie clieers, and after^varde in 
singing tbe choras of " Hail Uolumbia," 

Two days after this celebration Mr. Ai-mstrong, 
with Generals Dayton, BlooniSeld^ Beatty, and 
Giles, as a committee of the Cincinnati, presented 
to President Adams, in Philadelphia, an address 
appropriate to the politics of the day/ 

In 1799 and several enhsetjueut years Mr. 
Armstrong's health was so mnch impaired that 
he was obliged to ask for suppliea for his two 
pulpita. There were intervals in which he was 
able to ofEciafce, but during the remainder of his 
life he sn&ered severely from the rheumatic dis- 
order contracted dnritig his service in the camp^ 
and he was frequently deprived of the free use of 
his limbs. Among those often appointed in these 
emergencies were President Smitb, Dr. John 
Woodbull, Geo, Spafford WoodlinU, Robert Fin- 



* At tj>&t tlmo, and Tor miDj jou^ the custom otrtAtricd m Trcol^n 
of AdomiTig the windawa and fVftDU of tbe bausen od tim FoniiTc of July 
with Bowers and sTergrocna, inflteul oT tbe former jirac^tii.^ at iLliimioa- 
tlDD. Il^TiUAlao a ou»(Upm Lo Hpoml tba eveniui^ at t]:D tiuLe Ouuw, 
when tbe ii«ii*l sQlorlaiDinenta of au eTPning p*ftj" were provided by 



34^ 



Death of Washington- 



ley, Aodrevr HuBter, David Comfort, Samuel 
Snowden, Matthew L. Perriae, Joseph Rue, JoIid 
Hanna. In a written exhortatiou sent to the 
people during one of these illoes&es, Mi', Ann- 
Btrocg, ftfter eQuraerating some of the reasons for 
their gratitude, aaid : 

" AdJed to tbU,ifTanelToffaitlifol preaching IS to he 

esteemed an advantage, yon have enjoyed it in a aignat 
degree. Though I am Lold to aay that no con crtgftt ions 
were lefts iiegleotcd in tb^ stnted ud ministrations of the 
GoHpe] ordlnnncea while I was well, so mlao during tfafi 
many years of alctness and inability to preach, you have 
cujoyed the nbuodant labors of love and of friendship of 
my brethren in the miniatryi with &I1 that variety of Imth- 
fn) prenehing witli whieh the best-informed ramd t>r tho 
most eurious ear could wislj lo be indulged, Paul )ta« 
planted — Apolloa watered." 

The newspaper of Monday, December SO, 
lt99, preserves atiotber instance of a comnmni- 
caticin naade by Mr. Armstrong; to the people on 
one of the Sabbaths lu which he niuat have pecii- 
liariy lamented his inability to be iu the pulpit : 



"The HcT. Mi\ Hunter, who offiolfttcd yesterday for 
Mr. Armstrong, after reading the Frcaidcnt's proolama- 
tion respecting the geoor^l moaruiQg for the deatil of 



Dr- Hunter. 



341 



Ge&oral Wflabint^OD, gflvotho inLinuition, in aiibsUiicc aa 
foUowa, hy the particular request of Mr. Armstroog : * 

*■' ^ Your jiaslor de^irea tjic to any on Iho present mourn- 
ful orcaairm, tbaL wLile one aeiiliraput — to mourn ibe 
death and honor tho irfemorj of Gfeneral W^ahingtcn- — 
jioiiotralofi pvory brcflst, tho proclamation wUiah yen hava 
just heard read, he doubts not, will be duly utteuded to ; 
yet hdievnig, as he doea, that he "but antiiii|iali?B the 
wiiihcs of those for whom tlie iiitiiualiou is givun^ Mr. 
Armatroug requests the female part ofhia aadieticc in the 
city of Trenton find Waidcnboa*!, ng a testimony of reapoot 
for, and cocdolenco whb Mre. Wiebington, to wear for 
Chree months^ ilaring their aUendanci^ on divme eerviee, 
such bfldgBH of mourning oa tlieir discretion may direct.' "f 



* Tbo Her. Aedhbv UmiisB, D-D., {already iDQutlaQod an p. 1S£,) 
VMA a periotiftl friflnd, and it (he pulpit a JY^tjuenl MBiiUnl, of Mr. Arm* 
dlron^p He ^Tflduated e.t PriocctoQ 11~^ ; ^li cliaploin m Uio RctoIe]' 
Umur; ami/ ; UugLt a claaabal Kboni aL Woodbury ; cLilLE7aVed a rarm 
on thi3 pQld.Tar» near Treaton ; wojr profiwor Qf UaltieiDatica and Ae- 
tnwomj ia PriQCoiou, ISQ^-S; bwl of an Acailamy la Boideubowu^ 
IgOS; fifterwarda a chaplain m the Woatiiugtan T^av^Yard, and Ulpd 
In DurliaF(ti]D, February 24, ISlfS^ Hifl secoad irifc noa Mary, 4 dnitf li' 
l«r of Hl^hard Siocktun, figner of the DiwJdnidoir. Dr. Uuiitar bad &ti 
UQcW wlic^ wa£ oIbq tho Rgr. Andrew Llunler, aod waa pDStor la CurDbtr- 
laad oxiutj, N- J,, fobont n-JC-l^QO,) Be married Aon, a oouslu of 
Hiubud StodrlGD, tha aiguor. He died in tTT&, UiJ) vrlCb v was buriod 
in iLe TreiLloo cbmcLj-jard, Octobar^ ISOO, and Illc Amcr*! formoa ^aa 
by PreBidentSinitb- 

f In this yoar tbo natianal o£cq> ware removed (0 lY«ptoa Tor aaoio 
weeks, lu conaaquenae or \hv previiIuii^M uf Lhe yvUov bviir lu FliilBdal- 
phiJL Tte SeoreUfy of ttis Kavf urgod th<f Pfeaideut (Adnioa) lo ful' 
lD«r hia G^binel, nciarkhig iba; " iLe ol&ccn u^ tU iww ai this place, 
21* 



2A^ 



Politics. 



Mr. Armstrong's ill health now oftea ioter- 
rupted hie habitual pupctuality at the church 
courts ; but he coatimied to take an active part 
in their work whenever preaeut. He was one of r 
flommittee tbat eiideavoroil in vain from 1803 to 
1812^ to obtain a charter of incorporation for the 
Presbytery — a measure that wbb desirable in 
conaeqaeuce of two legacies (Miller's and Patter- 
boh^b) that had been left -to the Education Fund.* 



ndoDl badlj accoiaiDOdated," Thu Pr^dtjul. vaa relucdmt to coma^ 
Ha had wriiteri in ITBT of Lhe *■ painlbl eKperi^nc*" by which be bad 
Ifiomcd ihhi CoD^rtBa could nal Gad '-flvcn ttjlt^rabl^ accomiuodAtLOD^' 
hero, EDWBvtr, he pronil.ned lo go by ths middle of DcLober, mbmi*. 
■Itel^ MauriDg hia oorrMpoodani, " I csa and vill put up wUli mj^ pn- 
-nta BftOfBtArf Abd Iwu UameBlica only, at Hit flnl Uvem ot flrst priyaie 
hrmaeTcaa and." He arrii^'Qa od tba Louth, aud oq ihe faoELdAy wu 
gTBoted with flro-workj. Ho fovad "tbo inbjibitaLitaof TrBDlon wiougbl 
up tc a pitcb of politfcA] Gotbuiiuin IMt eurprisvd him," in tbeerpBcbi- 
IbD Lhnt liOituX?in. WQiild be tooti restored to Ibe throoe of PraooD. 
(TTur^ of Joh-n AdaiftM, vols. Jl. vli. Ix.) Adama hnd at this Limp a coi^ 
fsrenaQ offiix difs w^th HamiLtoa sod other iDCDjli«ioriiiB C^bhM bfi- 
fiirc Iboy could HgroQ oa lUe FrCDoU bufloou {Harniiillii LC/t vf J^f^ 
•o^, vul Li *9&-3,) 

* Three colunmii of tb« "Trtto Anwriaa,^' ofTrentoa, forNoYBcobw 
Za. IflU7. ire nil^ Tith Ihe rmibjter7'H petition to the LeE^MumAf 
thftL /etr, in vbiab tint two objections to formu opplft^tioufl are ablj 
tnott LJUiidv, tbiil tie iuccfporfttion would oadanKer cItU libertj, aud 
thhl it would bB gTHnling an axehjfllte privil^go, Tte poUtioal ptqddl- 
oesof UiQ timoa liod proh ably more to do with llie refuoal tli^a tlwH 
pleas, The damixjMlc oeiTEipApen of Uis day cDnialD msar tuuer 
ortidsa agaiiut tbe Prcffb^^mG ^rgjt wbo verv genomUj Wadibg- 



1 



Mr. Armstrong, Moderator, 



a+3 



I 



la 1805 he was appointed to receive from the 
Aaserably'a Committee of MissioDs tlie Presby- 
tery's share of certain hooka and tracts for dts- 
triljution on the seaboard of the State, and in 
the cotiatiea of Soaaes, Morris, and Hnuterdoo. 
In June, 1804, he preached at the installation of 
the Rev. Henry Kollock in Princetoo, and in 
1310 presided at the ordination and iGEtaUattoa 
of the Eev. William C. Scbeack in the same 
church. He sat as h Commissioner in most of 
the General Aaaembhcs from the fii'st in 17S9 to 
that of 1815, In 1804 he was elected to the 
chair of Moderator, ntid, according to role, open- 
ed the sessions of the foliow^ing year mtli a aer- 
mon. The text was John 14 : 16. He also 
preached the sermon at the opening of the 
Assembly of 180ti, in consequence of the absence 
of Dn Richards, tlie l^ist Moderaton On that 
occasion hia text was John 3 : 16, 17- 

Mr. ^Vrmstrong was elected a Trustee of the 
College of NewJei-sey in 1790, and Dr. Miller 
observed at his funeral that, *^ few of the mem- 
bers of that Board, as long aa he enjoyed a toler- 

li>[i FedaralisLs. XoiDEig othv dalinqiificolefl tliaf v«ro chvgcd wUb 
OtDlttldjc to gray kjr Prfliid«it So(&avja. la Fobnivj, tai3, ibe Pibf 
byttTj fWMked ft rhoner r^ tea yean. 



I 





M4 



Mock Funeral. 



able share of health, wBVe more panctaal !□ their 

attendance on its meetiugs, or more ardeot in 
their zeal for the interests of the institution,'* 

NOTES, 



A public commemoralion of the death of Washington 
wan oLscrvcil in Treiitoa on the Iburteenth Januitry, 1800. 
By iiivitalioH of the Gcivernor and ilayor, with the Rev. 
Mcflsra, iloritcL^, Wndilcll, fLod Armstrong, on hvhalf o£ 
the uitizcns, Frcfiidaut Smith dolis'erod tho oration, and tt 
iFflB pablished. The late Dr. Johnston, of Newbiirgb, 
who WIU1 then in cc^Kegi', r<'luiU9 hi his AutobiogrAphy 
(edited by Dr. Cttrnahan, 1858) tli;H a large iiiunber of 
fitiulmtB w:ilkcd froLn Princeton to hear the oi'a,ljon, A 
procession was foniiod opposite the Episcopal Church, 
from which a bier wa» earned, preceded by the clor^, 
and al! pa^sod to the Slate Honso, whore the ceromouJee 
were perJbrracd. Al 3l certain BtsioKa in one of the ele^no 
Bougs, *' eight IjenuUfrd ^rla, of about ten yeura of age, 
drcH^ciI In white robc^ and black sa^hoSt v^ith biukela on 
their firros filled with eprigs of oyprcaa^ rose from behind 
the upeaker'a seat," aad stfewed the oypreaa on the mock 
ooffin. 

ir. 

Some idea of ihe appearance and conjlilion of Trenton 
ftt the date of thia chapter may be formed from the obser- 
vationa of paaaing tra^ollere. 



Brilsot — War^ey- 



345 



Orisaot^ the Girondiat, wbo dleJ hy tLe gaillotiuQ in 
I7&3, was bore in 1798. " The tarema," lie writea, "are 
much ilE:arer on ibiG road thau in ^Iiasgacbusctts atid Con- 
necticui. I p^ud at Trenton tor a. Jinccr ^s, Urf, money 
of Pennsylvflnia, We poHsed the ferry from Treiilon »l 
eeTPH iu tlie njoniing, Thfl TJelawire, which separaliis 
Pennsylvftnia frota New-Jersty^ is a snperh nyer. The 
prospect from the middle of the river b charming. On 
the vi^ht you see mills nnd mnnufhctories ; od tlio lott two 
cliarming little towna which overlook the water. The 
borders of this drer jire still in tlmr wild sitae. Id the 
fnreata whic^h cover them there are aomo eoormons Ireeft. 
Tlicre are likewt^ some houaea, but they are not equd, 
in point of simple elcgnnce, to tboao of Maasnchusetts.*'* 

In 1794 an Eogliah tourist says of onv town: **T]ie 
housaa join each other, and form regulnr etreets, very 
mnoh like some of the nmall towns in Devonshire. The 
town baa f* very good market, whioh is well supplied with 
butobcr*& LncQtf fi^ih, and poultry. Many good shops are 
to bo aeon there, in ^onernl with seats on each eidc tho 
enirBnco, and a stop or two np into each housej' The 
market prices on ihe day of this visit were, beef S^^ mut- 
ton 4</., veal 4r?. "Tbih was dearer than common en two 
accounta ; the great qnantity lately bought up for expor- 
tation upon taking off the embargo, and the Assembly of 
the State being then sitting (it TretHon. Land here flolla, 
of the best kind, at i^bottC ten pounds [iwenty-aeven dol- 
lars] an acre."f 

* NotiT«aii Yajtfge duu Iaa BUis-uuia, ^t en 17B8, J. P. Briuot ds 
■Warrillo. I 145. 

t Jmrniil or an ETCunLon to the nniied StatM \a %ht iniDiner of 
1794, by Henry Wuiwy, F.A.9, A WUtahlro dothior. 





34^' 



Rochefoucault — Michaux. 



ThoDtikG do la RocheroucauEt, nboDt the sam& tioo^^ 
TTmkea tbis «nl.ry in hiis journal : " About r r)uan«r of a 
mile boyoud Trenton ia the pa.'isuge over the Delaware by 

a ferry, wbjub, tfiongb ten stago-coache^ iLuly pass in tt, 
19 Each that it would be rcckoDcd a very bad ferry in 
Europe. On tUo Cirthcr ado of tho rivor the rctro9p<rct 
to Trentou is, in a couaderablo degree, pleaaitip. The 
^oand betwr^en that town ^aH th^ Delaware ia giooolb, 
filaping, de^^orated witb the Jlowera and Terdure of a iiLic 
me&dow. In the criTirona of the tcwi], too, are a ntimbcr 
of hftodgorac yillafl which pfreallj enrich the !»\nd scape."" 
The celebrated FroDoh naturalut, F. A. Michaux, floa 
of A. Micbaux, aetit over by Louia XTL for botanical re- 
seartjh, piiftiiiig in IfiOS, given uk lIiw paragraph : *' Amon^ 
the other small towns by tbo roadside, Treutou seemed 
worthy of attention. Its eituatiou upon the Ddaw&rc« the 
beauciiul ttaot of eoantry that eurrounda it, mu»t reader 
it a rao3t delightful place of abode."f 



* Trarbls la 1705-7, vol i. 5t9. Ia April, UDfi, ?ew Qcwdl ad- 
Y«nu»il a *'ln-o-!mrso ooschee" to teave Trenton Ibr riillAdelpfuA 
a-mrf WodnefiflHy and Bblurd{iy, At oUvcd QWi>ok. Fue fbr o pftoaeti- 
garfl2j,6'^; laurttfn ifouuda of bagirago ailowod- 

f T/'ai^i-tT "/ JiWf>i^>i5 Jfu/'-* J/iiioui, Hy tct of M«rch 3, iTHGj Uw 
Id^tUro grftnted Aadr^ tbv trarflller'fl father, p^rEnlaajoa Ui hold 
land, nat unedki; tvo Imtidred acta, in any part of tha &Ute Ex a 
botADica] ^rdeti- TLrro ia a Memoir of Krouooia (vrho wu the auUm 
of Lbe *' Norib AmCTiCfiD S^lvn") In Iho TmnsadUms v/ Ihe AfMrkaa 
Phitfisifphical ^ori^ty, yf,\. li. Three ywlH before th« above-meaOooeii 
m^ tlje Francli CoumL for Ni^H'-Jereoj ofTojed ia tlie KlDg'a dhido bU 
hlDdi of Bf eda vJioQovgr m botuiuJ f^ardeo thould be MtAbha1t«d. Tha 
Lq^liiUtDro (I3ec 10, lTa:rj rnnda the iDgflniona n^\j tliat oi hym m 
tlUiy eflldbllBtiod Bui^h A gardeJi Lliey Bliciuld be glad ui r«a[v« the iwdL 



SutcUff— Castiglioni. 



347 



Tlie utuutioit of tliti town aecroH to tiave somctLbg lliat 
takes the French eye. In 160€ GencraL JJIorcua eBtabJish- 
ed hb rcatdciicc on tbt^ oppoaile bonk of tho river, luid 
Joeejih Bouapart« wa (iLsnppoiiile d in the purchnst^ of 3 
site adjoining {now in) the town, before he settled a few 
ii\\{f.A below,* It iniiy liavo been the reputulioii of tb« 
rivtr Bceiicry that gave tUa binl tt> the witsof Saliiiaynmli, 
in tho journal of on imaginary traveller; '^Trtotoii — 
built ubovo the head of navig.itioa, to encourage com- 
merce — c;ft|>ital of the State — only wants n eaatle, a bny,, 
K monntdiij a sen^ an^ a voleaiio, to bear a atroiig re«eiiL' 
blauce to the bay of Naples."t 

All Englishman found tiolLiug to rcQiavk of Trenton in 
ISM, than an uxeinplificalion of whitt ho calls tho Ainori- 
can " prcUJIeetion for wearing boots." ** At Trenton I 
was eritertflined tt-iib the sight of a compatty of journey- 
men tailors^ at the work-board, all booted a* if reaily fur 
moantlng a liorsc-'l 

An Italian savant, erof^g the t^tate, takes time only to 
Bay : '^Although Trentowu is not very large, nor very pop- 
Tiloqs, lEifl Co liQ rpgardedasihe capital, where the Council 
and the Asbembly (XJUTene»"§ 



* tConau'e Duuuloa vm burnt Aovn on CUrinLruu da/, I Bl t, Tbe 
tUble ifl now a mnnufActeFj, Uj>oii lilB Rnt arriTRl Lha limeml »>ided 
**ai Itio B«kt of Mr. Ltf QucDi at H(x'rl8vit[e," By vinuo of an act of 
Leglaiiitiire (Usroh a, 1BI5] ibo e^le rjf t^oe bundret! and five acrvs 
wosKiLd by Ucrwu'a exocDLor, t\mo y^an aflcr bifl Gdl at Dreedfla, 

t fiBtmiB:undi, tjy Irving, PauIdJat!, uu: 1807. 

! Tmveld in toruQ paru c<r Xorth-AtaeriM kj IflO^-Q, b^ Bob^rt 

g I'uvffio luv^ ^loM Uniti^ nflEW7. Da LuJgi Cutigfioni, Miiui, 17t>a. 





3+8 



Ruthertbrd and 



ILL 

In the Trentcn newspaper of Joly^ ITGft, is au advcrtiw- 
mcrkt hy Air. ArmstrongT rclatiTe to a Eoil ia tbe ED^kb 
ci>urtfl, Iho IaIcsC report of ihe pro^e^s of vhiDh is ^veii 
aa follows in lit: London pupers of May, IdSG : 

EQIHTY COURT, LONDOX, JIAY 7, 

"About tte midfllo of last century there UveJ In Um 
north of Irolnnd :l famil/ of the name of RaLherford. B& 
Iween the aon* a quarrel arose, and tlie fatbcr, coucdving 
that thi3 yonngor, Hohcrl, ^'Ab in fault, ehEutisod him, 
Robert Huthorlbrd thereupon qitltted Lla ^Iher^b hoiue, 
nnd j^liortly ofternarda cnlisied in Lii^onier's troop of 
Black Tlorite. AAur ai time he i^ame lo England, but ho 
Boou quitted the Kingdom and settled at tlie village of 
Trenton, in the United States, where he opened a tavern, 
which he eallod 'The Lii^omer or Bljvck Horse.^ In the 
course of his iiiigratlon§ he had marrieil, and the yoat 
1^70 found him settled at Trenton, at iho ^ Black Horse,' 
with iA fanilly c<>f*si ruling: of one son and four dan^hiErs. 
About that peiiod there one day drove up to the tavern, 
ia % esrringe and four, an English oJtieer, by name Colonel 
Kortescne. Cofonol Fortcseue dinod at the tavern, and 
af^er dinner Liid a conversation in private \\\\h oue of 
Uatherford*fl daughters, IVilliin two hoars after ihiscxm- 
vereation Frances Msir>' Rutherford liad, notwithstanding 
ber Bisloi'8 enireation, ^jidttod her father^e housu in com- 
pany with Colonel Fortescuc, With hing ihe wont to 



Fortescuc. 



34 f» 



ParU, where after & few yenra he died, leaving her, k ia 
BUpposed, a couaidtraLlo aam oi money. On hh dt?alh she 
quitted Parle and oiLtiie to Eogland ; and beru she mairiod 
ageiulcman ^f consiiierflble iirjiperiy, nanicJ ShnrJ. In 
l7dB Mi'H. Sliartl had a great desire to discover whiiL had 
beoorae of hot faiher'fl familj, wbt^m she hud quitted near- 
iy thirty yoars pre\iouflly, and through her cocfidenlial 
aolicMtor inqnincs were made ef Mr, Armstrong, iho Prefix 
byterian miobter at Trenlon. The inquiries were fruit- 
ItBS — her brother and all hiir wisiers were dejid; il lifjiear- 
ed hojjelirsd Ui expeot to tind a Ruthi^rford. and the mit,- 
ter vos dropped. Mr, Shatd died in the year IdOC, and 
in 2810 Mta. Shard died a ^idow, childless and Jnlcutate. 
No DQxt of tin ajjpearing, the Crowu took posHesflioii of 
the ]iro|Hri-iy. Irt IB23 aa aLEempt \vjt9 miide to KCt up a 
do(;ument na the ^Hl grMro. Shard, bub it wns dechiieil a 
forgery. In lB-10 the present plainii^made a claim to tlje 
property, scltiug np that claim through a Mrs. Dalies, 
who was alleged to be first condn of the def^eased* It 
tnmetl out that Mrs. Davieg was not first cmjsin ; but far- 
ther evideiiue Uaviag been procured, the claim was UKaia 
mode, through the aame Mrs. D[ivieA, who waa now 
aLloged to be a second cousin of the deoeaaed. 

The Tico CharioelloT now delivered judgment,, and 
came to the eoueluslon tbai osi between the Crown and 
the elaiuiaut the ktter made out a ca^e. It waa EiifiidenU 
\j proved thai ICrs, DaTica was n accord couain of the 
deccEiaed Mrs, li?hard; but as it did not follow that them 
might not tie a utill uoarer relntiye than the claimant in 
esdaience^ and a^ thi? evidonrc on rys Tatter point was not 
coneluai^-i;, thti tuuttur must go bitck to chambu^ for Jur- 
thcr JcqaiiieflH" «6 



I 



3io 



Thomas Paiii& 



Public morala were in Anoh n ItyvT nXttte in TrentOTi in 

1S04, that on thv Uunl (jf August a public meeting ots* 
held to cunaiiler mciisures for rciorm, lDtcmper;LDce, 
obaocnitj, noisy ooscmblngcs <ta the Lord^a t1&7t brawUtg, 
fighting, ancl throwing stones ic tho Etreets were named 
among thG signs of disorder. The cnnaeiS fissLgned were 
the iinliucDi^ed Hetlirig of s|urituoi]fl liquors, eapeelrLlIjr on 
Sunday, and '^tUerelftsation of discipline in fiunlly gorcm- 
menu*' In Angaat ie06» Stacy I'ottg, tho Mayor, pub- 
licly aolioita Christians of all donominalions, who au par- 
ents, gnardians, masters or mistressGa Lflve charge of the 
j'oung, to reatrain tiiem from vit^e atid tcinptjil.jon. The 
name oflictr mitdc a eimiUr appeal to *^ the scnoiui akod 
pradent inhabitants of Trentor," in April 3810, &nd 
trusta that the public authorities may bo bo Bfisistcd by 
the citiyetiB "that religiona people abroad may no ]ong«r 
be deterrtd from placing their diildren apprenlices In thii 
city, leat they become conlaniitjated with thi* viL^ioun 
hahita which have too much preriuled among the risiag 
generation in the oily of Trenton.^' 

T. 

Hfllf a century ago, as now, political animo^ty waa 
reaily to take nny handle to create pvejndicQ agj^nat an 
oppoiieiiL Thomua Paine was a strong parlnmii of Jeffur- 
sou. Uairfng rodo up (Feb. 28, ISOS) from his residence 
in Bovclontown to Ti^uion, to tnke the ata^e for Xeir- 
Tork, thi? propriclora of both the atatje offitoa, being 
FoderahaUi, revised with strong oaths to give a seat xo m 



I 




Mrs. Washington. 



35' 



injidd* When he act out in Ua own cbaisc, accomimntod 
by Col. Kirkbride, n inoh aurrouoded Uito with insulting 
music;, and he had dlflically iu getting out of town. The 
auihor of " Commuu-sease " showed neither frnr nor 
anger, aad " oalriilj ohaerved thnt auch conduct had no 
tendency to hurt his fcelincrg or injure his fame, but rather 
gratified tho one nnd contributed to the olheiV* 

Mr. Lyell. the geologist, giveB a hotter Bcconnt of the 
temper of Trenton iTolitici.ins as ho saw it in the procea- 
U01U9 of October, 184L {Tra^tl9, 1341-2, voL L ^. 82.) 



VI, 



The incidenlfll reference to Mrs. Wa^liington on p. 3il, 
may recall a record in the Tr<*nton npwflpaper of Docera- 
ber 2ft, 1779: "Yesterday Mrs. Washington paswd 
tbroDgh thia town on her way from Virgiuia to Head 
Quarters at MorriB-Town ; whon the Virginia troops pre- 
aeut (induced through respect) formed and received her 
as fth& passed, in a hi>coED]ng manner/' 




The New Bbick C ho boh — Notes. 
1804—1806. 

The TrentoD congregation, which had so loDg 
felt obliged to associate itself with one or other 
ot it^ neighbors for the BUpport of a pastor, at 
lon'ith foitml itself able to assume aa indepen- 
dent ]>o:>ilioii. According to the understanding 
which was had with the Mfiidenhead Church, 
wlieu Mr, Armstrong divided his care between 
it and Trenton, he became the exclusive pastor 
of the latter in October, 1806, About the same 
time that congregnition accomplished the erection 
of a new house of worship. 

The stone building tlien in nse waa nearly 
eighty yeai's old. The want of a better edifice 
had li>n^ btjen felt In 1709 there waa a sub- 
scription for repairs. It was probably with a 
vifw to relmililing or enlargement that the Tni3- 
teo^, in lT7:t, proposed to the vestry of the 
Ki^iicupal Ghui-ch a joint application to the Le- 



Lottcrics- 



353 



gislature for a lottery. The veatry appointed ft 
committee of conference on the lottery, " and to 
be managers tliereof "* but the project seems to 
have dropped until 17PI, (Kov, 18-53,) when 
"an act to empower the Truateea of the Presby- 
terian Church, and the minister, wardens, and 
vestry of the Episcopal Chnrch in Trenton to 
hare a lottery for the purpose therein noticed," 
after passing the Council and being ordered to a 
third reading ia the House, was lost. Another 
esperimert in this line waa attempted in Decem- 
ber, 1T03, when the Trustees appointed a com- 
mittee to unite with the Episcopalians in a lot- 
tery for the benefit of tlie two congregations; 
but nothing further ia said on the subject. 
However unequivocal the immorality of auch 
an expedient may seem to U3, the lottery has beea 
a frequent resource of churches, as well as other 
institutions^ even less than sixty years ago. At 
the same meeting in which the last lottery sng^ 
gestion was made, Mastell Ewing and Alexander 
Chambers were appointed " to take about a sub- 
scription paper for the purpose of ralsiug money 
to build a new Preabjteriao Church in Trenton." 



98* 



3S4 



Corner-Stones. 



In 1796 the price of building materials was so 
high that the design was ab/indoned. It was 
not until May, 1804, that the aucces^fQl meaenrea 
were taken. The buUding was now represented 
to be ^* ill ao ruiuous a state tbat it can not long" 
continue to accommoJate those who worship 
there, in a comfortable raanner.'^ The snb&crip- 
tion was beaded by four names giving two hun- 
dred dollars each. By the twenty-fourth Aogust 
nearly four thousand dollars had been subscriljed, 
and it waa determined to build in the ensuing 
spring* The corner-etone was laid April 16, 
180J> ; the old house having been fii-et tulceii 
down- The newspaper of the time has this 
report: 

" On tho fifleentU lostAnt wore laid Iho oomer-stonca of 
the founJaiion of a now Prei?byioriaa Churot ia %hig 
city. Th« EhJera, Trusteea, and Mnnagefrn of lUo Liiildm^, 
witrli a rcApcclabic nuiubet of the ciLizena atteivdiug, an 
appropriate prayer vaa mttde by the Rev, Mr. Armatroog, 
smoiatDr of tho con^egatioD, The scranc waa solcmji, im- 



■ Uonre FarmaTi Bud Asran D. WccdnilT warn uppolatod taobttip « 
plftd; BodJh Gmitb, Jobn Cbaml»er3, ^nd rcterOordDu wtin the Build iu^ 
CmriiiiiLtefl cr "UiiaRgfln.'^ It was detDrmlded tbat ihetitfl iboiild b« 
fbrlj-Hght y>j tftLj fuot, in tho cIqat; Tntli a pnijccUoa or tovvr m 
tnntl of four bj too, hjiL ft cupoU, Tliu fuur la/t'™^ uunvributwi nen 
Abrthim Hod^ BenJ, Smitli, AJu. Cbimbert, ud Uoq» FurrBaCL 



Dedication, 



355 



preadve, and fittGCting. A pUto of oopper, inscnbed 
Aprllj 1SG5, with the miniver's namef wfta laid betweeu 
two liipge stent's at lIhj fr>umlnlit]n of thy w«nLh-fcast oor- 
ncJ'. The foundiition, though much more citeDsivo, is 
hiid nearly on the aito of the old chnroh, wbioh Qtood 
about eighty yeare.^' 

While the buildiag was in progress^ Mr, Arm- 
strong i>reac]ied on every alternate Salihatli in 
the Episcopal Church, the rector of which (Dr, 
Waddell) hiid a secoad charge at Bristol, n& Mr. 
Arniatrong bad at Maidenhead- 

The hqw Church was opened for ifa sacred 
uses August 17, ISOO. The pastor conducted 
the services ia the morning, and President 8, S, 
Smith in the afternoon * 

The pastor preached from part of Solomon'a 
prayer at the dedication of the temple : 1 Kings 
S : 22, 2S, '■27-AO, At the next public aervice In 
which he officiated, he preached on the conduct 
becoming worshipper in the houaeof (rod, from 
Hebrews 10 : 25 and Job 13 : 11, This subject 

■ From tba Tnotm '' 7»donlut " of Moodftf , Auggat 11, leoO : 

■'Koiirr, Divbff ajtvIot wUl be peribnned for Uio arat Ume ia Uj« 

DQn Pr«b7ti?ri&a Cturcb lu tbia pUoe, nevt Lord'n daj. S^rTin wJll 

tK^m aldevsn o'clcnk En Ibrj fuirpnooD aud throe lu Ibi? allenionQ, C-ot' 

IflotiniH wHI be rti*Bd anof each iterTicB, to be ■pproprlot»iS for ttie *i- 




3S6 



Mr. Annstroiig'& 



was pursued in ft tliird discourse on pablic wor- 
filiip as a duty to God, to society, to ourselves. 
For the services of tlie detlication Mr Armstrong 
prepared a prayer; and la the belief that on its 
own account^ as well aa for its liistorical associa- 
tions, it will be read with interest and benefit by 
the people who woi-ship in a house, which, 
tlough not tlie aann^ as the one then dediciited, 
was included in the references of its aupplija- 
tions, I here insert it : 



PRATER. 



"Holy, holy, boly Lord God Almighty. Thero la no 
God like thee in hoaven above, or on i?arcb bffneath, who 
keepcal covcoant- with thy serraata ttat walk before iWe 
with all tbtiir hcarl- Tliou art our GoU, and we woald 
prftise thee; our futhcra' God, and wo would oxnlt ihce. 

*' Tbou art the God who liearest prayer. Where shall 
we go bat to tbee^ wto art the way, the trutb, and the 
life? 

" Wo adore thoe for all tho merciee and bencfite wMch 
thou Liiet ooDfcrrcd on us tlirongh ourlivos. Hal oflpe- 
(unJIy we adore thee for the everlaBLing Gospel, nnd lhoft9 
gracious privileges to which wo are called in thy Church 
on earth, and ia thy Church lu heaven- We adore thee 
that'thy Church ia fovuidcd on the rock Christ Jeami, and 
thai the gates of hell rfioll never bo able to ^rovwi ogainflt 
jt, Wo odoro thee for the promiae of thy preaouoe to thy 



I 




■ 



Prayer, 



357 



Chnrcb and people, tlint wliere UfQ or three are met 
togetbtfr ui tLj name, tlioa wilt Le wilb them io Lbsa 
tbem. We adore ttiee, O Lord, lliat wlioa the piaco 
where our fulhcpa had iDiigworabijipeti was dconying with 
age, and U^e coD^egatJon of thy people needed room mid 
accomraodfllion in thy house, thou didst put it into our 
learlK lo build a lt^JU^e for thy warship and serviiie, and 
where liiy people may meet aad enjoy thy presence. Wo 
adore thcc tliat thou bout permitted us to meet to set it 
apart, and dediciilo it to the Lord our God by preach- 
ing, prayer, and praiae. 

" And now, O Lord, our God, we thua offer Ihw house 
to thee ; that thy people may here meet for purposes of 
readings preaching, and hearing thy word; of prayer and 
pratse ; of fasting and thankagirLng; of the ndmrntatra- 
tion of bapli&m and the Lord's siipperj agreeably to the 
word of I.lod and the oonstllntion of our Cbiiroh, 

"And now, O Lord, make this house continue to be 
the habitation of the God of Jacob forever ; a place where 
prayer bUhU bo ever made to tlifte, imd where Gospel 
worship shall be fiied and sialGdoa long as it shall last 
for tins purpose; Luid that there never in^y fail a jieople 
and a cou^regatioD to worship the^ in this place through- 
out all generatioufl- 

"Wo pray that iLou wUt bo pleased to give Buceeaa to 
the labors of the miristt*rs of the Gospel iu this place ; 
ncpompauying the moauT* of grace with divine power and 
energy, nialving the ad ininiptt ration of the Gospel eiTeolual 
to convince and conreit, establish and sanctify thy people, 

*^ AntI now, Lord, oar God, make it good for us that 
we have built a house lor thy worahip* But aa the moat 




358 



Mn Armstrong's 



flnmptnOQS works of our L&nds can not coaununicate mj 
haViaeSi to llie worahijiper, umke it good for us to dnw 
near to GoJ in t)ie aspcmbUng of ounseJve* togetlier «t «U 
cotnmftDdod, tixoi, and proper times in tliis pkice. Eotbte 
ii9f tby people of tbia congregation, and all wbo ma^ 
worship with us in this place, collet'tiTely and individuftl- 
]j, to d(-dicJiLe ournelvoH onto the Lord ; to present oitr 
8ouU, And oar bodies, and our BpitiU unto the Lord u 
llrin^ BacrificQa, holy and acocpleblo, wluoh la our rcafion- 
ablu florricc ; to conscorate our time, our talent^i our 
privileges, snd oppoilonities, with all wo h&ve uid nri?, to 
thy Hcrvicc ; ibat eapb of ua, and i-aoh of our familkv, 
with all who are near oud dear to an, may prepare an 
habitation in our bcnrtti and souk tor God, and that our 
bodies mny ha th(^ temples of the Holy GboEt- 

"And we do most earnestly pray that jUI our offen»fl 
may be blotted out j Ihiit we nmy be washed in the blood 
of Clirifll; that the towb and offeriugs, the prajera and 
the proisoB which we and our poaterity offer ap now, and 
in all future time, m.iy bo ocoepted tliroagh tbc merits 
find intercession of our Lord and Savioutj Jeans Cljrift, 
and made effectual for onr and tlieir ealvation. 

"Let thy grace and thy Spirit, O Lord oar God, be 
with ns to direct, as^iBt, nnd strengthen as in all tphe 
prayers and ^uppLlcationB that we now and in fatnre may 
offer in this pJaco. Be grncloufily pleased to voncbaafe na 
thy prescnoe ben^iii conlimially- Hearken, O Lord, to 
the prayera and «upplicationH of me thy servant, and of 
thcQO thy people, in nil titues and in all circumstances, and 
in all plnoeu where we may pray in^ or as tew&rda t!u« 
plAce; and when tbon heareat answer ns in mercy. 



Prayer. 



359 



"If va Gin — for no man livQth nod ailiQotbnot — and 
turn ntnl rejient, hear and forgivG our Hinp, O Lord ! 

*' If tlie !ove of ihy jirojiIu wnx coW ; If our grice lai»- 
gulsb, fainti and be re^dj t4> expire, give renewed faitb^ 
grace, nnd love^ 

"Hear us, O Lord, if \rG pray t^ be delivered from 
drongbt, fiunine^ war. peslileiioe, disease, or death, 

"Hi^r ufl, O Lord^ IT we pray to be delivered from 
blasting, mildew, aud whawoeTer might threaten to pre- 
vent or destroy the harvest. 

**IIear us, O Lord, when we proy for all flchoolfi, col- 
leges, and eeminariea of learning ; 

'* For our nation and country ; 

'* For all who bear rule and authority over na; 

" For poacc and prosperity ; 

" For all miasionarics and rniaaionary Iflbora ihfonghont 
the world ; that the Jews tony be gathered, and the full- 
ness of tlie Gontilefl may come in ; that th<^ land of Ethi- 
opia and the heathen may be given for an iulieritance, 
Aikd the uttermoat part8 of the earth for a pgaacsBion to 
Christ Jesus, 

** Hear, O Lord, and hasten the lime when all the fami- 
liea of the earth shall bo blessed in Christ our Lord, and 
when hiB knowledge and hi* righteouanesa shall cover the 
earth -IS the iivaiers cover tbe sea. 

**NoTv, therefore, ariae, Lord God, into thy reating 
place, thou and the arli of thy strength. Let thy priests, 
O Lord, be clolhtd with righteousness, the miniatera of 
thy religron witli salvation. Let thy SMiots shout lot jt^y, 
and thy people rejoiae iu gooilnesa, 

"Blessed bo tbe Lord God — Father, Son, &nd Uoly 



36o 



diurch of 1806. 



I 



■ 



QhOBt. As lie w^vitL our fathers, so let him bewitti oil. 
Let him not loavc us tior lbrs3.ko us; and iuc1in« our 
lie^rta to do nil thiijga according to hb ho\j will. 

^'Pray for the peace of Jerusalem; pcooo be vdthia 
iLoae wails, jirogporJiy within Ihia place. For my breib- 
Tpn ]ui<l compnnionn^ sakea 1 will now bhj, peiice be witbin 
thee. Because of the houac of the Lord our God, I will 
eeek thy goo3, 

" The Lord bkia ibee and keep il»«e I 

"The Lord make his fece to ahuie npon thee, flnd ba 
graciotu nnto thee. 

*^TIkQ Lord liA; up IlIa uouitteaance u|iou thee, luid give 
thee peace. 

"And in icfllimony of the dnoorily of our dedres, and 
In hnmblo hope of being heard, let all the people aay, 

A etetch of tlia new Chnrch was made from 
memory, by the late Dn R A. Ewing, wlio wrote 
of It: 

" Elevation eecmcd to he the great object to be attain- 
ed, and so ibe walla were carried up to a lieight which 
would DOW be thought excessive. lift galleries were stip- 
ponoil on lofty columns, and ia consequence lis pulpit 
was BO high as sometimes to ihrettlen diT^Uii'ss to tJis 
prcftober'9 head. Above the gallery the vaulted coiling 
offorQed almost room enough for auolhor church. It bad 
its towoT", \u belfry and bell, atill awoet and melodious^* 



* From • Trenton oBnBpapijr of Jul; '22, IROT t 

" Oq giturdBj, the tvuiietb imtaac, wu faong In th« atoopl« of tta* 



Church of iboC\ 



361 



iCR spre, which, Imd it been proporttoned in TiDight to tbe 
tover supporting it, would have aaceniie<l needle-like 
almost to ihu clouds. With all ila arcbiL^uturzi] defecLB, 
however, it waa a fiao old building, wdl adapted to the 
pt]q>O0ea of <(peahlng and hearing; filled an iuipoTtant 
office, both to the congregation and on publiii occasions j 
stood for jearn the cliief liinduiaric to milcH of Huiround' 
ing country, acid at lost resisted Btcrulj tbe efforts of ita 
dcetroycfs. Its site, on tlic south-wcat aonier of tbe 
grave-yard, is well defined by the old gravea and tombs 
which elnstered close to itfl northern and eastern sides, 
and is the only part of l,lie groand divided iutu Lurial- 
lotB," 

Alas! before this manuscript could bo brought 
to the nae for which it was prejmred, the body of 
its accomplished writer wjib occupying a gi'ave 
iu the very part of the church-yaril described ia 
it« closing sentence. 

The building was of brick, and cost ten thou- 
sand eight hundred and twenty dollars. It bad 
Bevetity'two pews ou the floor, divided by two 
lualea, and thirty-six in the gallery. Forty-aix 
were put at the annual rent of twelve doUai's; 



Kew PthiV^'^^^ Charch in TrcotoD, a cew bell, vrcighiag fi>[tr bufi- 
dred and uventj-eight poundn, mffi by Owrg« Hedderly, ball-RiiiTider 
And bell- banker otlha dij of FbtlndolpLibr vliii^ dot^ itatbiindor mucb 
crbdlt, both for Llie ueaLaeBfl cf 1u caaLiUjf tad Ju tiii-lodLuiu tone. 

2» 



362 



Church of 180G. 




eighteen larger ones at fonrteen dollars. The 
gallery pews were free, and one side waa reserr^ 
ed for colored persons * 

* Tli0 enliry wu tlflliL lumdrt^d (IdIIiht. Ur. Aim^lroog «u Bao- 
oendod In Uiii<i#Dliead bf ih& It*T. Inik V. Brnwn, at wliwe crdfUAUutt 
aal jEulolln&ioD (Judo lOj tB07) le f4r« both tb« diorffo. 



Maikell Ewing. 



3&3 



. NOTES. 



jUastcsll EwiKOf nnmod in iim chapter, belonged to 
what is now the wido-fiprefld fainilj" of Ewmg in New- 
Jorsey, Ponn^lvania, 03110^ aiirJ Marjland. Thomas Mas- 
kell, of Eaglaud, married B>lbia P^niunfl b Guiiiiectictit, 
in IflfiS, Tliomaa Stalhcm, of Eoglnnd, married RutU 
Udeli^ in Now-Engliiiuij in IBTL Maakeli'H son married 
Stathom^B daughter. T/ieir daughter wjlh marriod in 
1720 to Thomna Ewing, who httd ri-cenilj t-ome LoGraen- 
wiuK Wesl-Jtiaey, from Ijd.ind. Their elilest son was 
MaskoU, (KSl,) who irna at difiorcnt timea, Justice of tho 
Puaue, Clerk and Surrogate of Cumberland county. Sheriff, 
And Judge of the Pleos^ and di«d in IIM. One oftla t«n 
cJiildren was the Mnskell Ewing of Trenton. Ho waa 
born January 30, 1 753 ; iu his youtli lit; aaaistc^d liia father 
in the dorb&hip in Greenwich, and before he waa twenty- 
ono WHS elected Clerk of tiio Stnto AeaomWy, Thia 
brongiil him to Trenton, and he filled the office fur twenty 
years. He W!W fur a lirae Recorder of the city, and nho 
Tead law in the offica of Wil]i[im C. IIouslOD. In ] 803 he 
remoYod to Philadelphia^ .ttid in L805 to a farm in Dela- 
ware county, Peonaylyania, He represented that county 
in the State Senate for six yeara. He died on a visit to 
Greenwich, August 26, 1325. His 8on Maslcell was hom 
in 1SC01 wuH B lieutenant in the srtayi and has died within 
a few yeam. 

Amonjif the branchca of the Ewing Block waa the 
iaaily of the Rev. John Ewing, D.U^ Provost of tho 








3^4 



Moore Furman* 



UmverHilj of PenDB/lvania, (1779-1803,) and pBfitor of 
tbc First Churct of Philadelpbifl. On our session reotrrdA 
of September 1 7, 1808, art? the namca of '* Mflrgarel ntid 
Amolia, djiughlere of the late Rev. Dr, Ewbg/' na lh*ii 
fidmitted to their first onminiiiuan, and Maj A^ tSdi, 
" Mrs. Dr. Ewing" to iho same. 

II, 

Kot long after the establishment of the oongrpgniion m 
their new liousCi two of tliti oldest Trnatccs, botb Gor|>o- 
ratora of 1788, were removod by dealli, nomolj', Moouf 
FvBUAN nnd Isaac Swttii. A notice of Mr. Smith has 
already been given. 

Mil- FiiiEsus was one of the eucuesBful inerubanls of 
Trenton, In tbe Revolution he nerved aa d, Deputy Quiu^ 
ter-Mnetor Goneml. Ho wns the first Uiiyor of Trenton, 
by appointment of tbo Legislature, upon its incorpont 
tion, in 1792, 

ilr. Fiirnian was elected a Trustee June 12, 1160, and 
Treasurer In 17G2. Soon after th&t yonr he reniored to 
PittBtown, and afterwards to Pbiladelpliia. ile rotumtd 
to Trenton, oud was reelected to tho Board in 178S, nnd 
cootinned in it nntil his de^th^ AUreh 16, ISOS, in Idit 
ragbtieth yenir. Hia grave-stonu is iu ibe porcb of the 
pres*ait dmrcb. 

Though BO long cronnected with the tempc>ral QflTaire of 
the congregation, Mr. Farman was not a oommuniencit 
luilil November 1, isotJ. llo tnndo a wriUi^n risque*! of 
Mr. ArmAtrong that tn oa^e he should be eallei to officiate 
Bl hiB funeral be would speak from the word^: "rnt<> 
thine band I commit my spirit : tbou baab redeemed me. 



Pttcr HunL 



sf-s 



T^ril God or trutk" (Psalm 31.} Thia request was 
fcilhfully fijllowed In tbo body of the discouraej to wbitb 
ithc Piutor added aa follows: 

This congregatiou wqII know ias long and MthfaL 
■rviQpa -AS ft sailoui sLipporttr and Trustee of the cou- 
cenw and iulereats of lliis Churuli. In tlio revoliitiun bo 
waa known as a faithful fiitrnd of hia country, mid vas lil- 
ted by government and the Command cr-in-CLief of 
Our revol n lion ary army — whose friendahip wna honor in- 
dood — in office.'! and in dcpiriment^ tho mostprofitable and 
tlip in*>st important- Wfn'ii beading Iwnenlb ibe load of 
[jeare and Lnfirmities, how did it gladden h\s soul nod a[> 
tpcnr to renewhia life, to aec thia ediiicc rising from the 
lYuina of tho eld one and conseoriLted to ibe eervice of hii 
,Gt>d I And did yon not see him, shoitly after its eooae- 
rcradon, ns a disciple of bis Rcdei?mer recognizing hiH hiip- 
VOW3, and in that mo.st solemn transnetiou of our 
religion, stretcliing hia ti'embliag iinjids lo receive 
rtbe syniboU of tho body and blood of our Lord and 
Sivioiir, Had in that act express the sentiment of tbe 
U'ords selected by biuiaelf for ibe use of thia mournful 
[occasion , ^ Into tbtue hand I commit my Aplrit : thou boat 
*Tedccn:ied me, Lord God of truth.' " 



One of ttio Tnigtoes elected to supply Ihe vacancies 
miido by tbe denlli of Moore Furmnn and laaao Smith 
Was Peticii Hust, whose wife was a daughter of Mr. Fur- 
mnji. Mr. Huut hud a liirgG store-houA^ Ht Lamh^rtoii 
whoa it waiB tbe depot for iho trade of Treulon, aud at 
29* 



366 



Peter Hunt- 



the time of Iub death was in pmtaeRliip with PluUp F. 
flcwoll- lie rcsiikd on the cslttto now occupied hy bia 
eon, Lieut. W. E. Hunt, of tbc navy. Goocrai Hunt (ho 
wua Adjutant General) died ai Charleslon, S. C, Mnrob 
11, 1810, 3L llie :ige of forty'two^ li^-Lviiig spent the winter 
there en jk:coimt; of bU health. The Roa'. Dr. ElolJings- 
hcftd had a highly si^iistaclorY cocTcrsation with him ou the 
day of his death^ whon he said : ^^ Ho had no rcluclanco nor 
hcBitation to submit to oil tho will of God in the nrtide of 
death; freely rommiued his soul into tlie hands of hia 
Redecmci, auJ loil his aurriving faniily to the oare of a 
holy and gntcioua Providence."* lie waa buried, with 
military honors, at ChnirlcBton, after gervic^n in the Ctroa- 
lar CbuToh, and there is a eenotaph eotnmemoraiUig him 
in our church-porch. f 



IV, 

The ncwspjtpcra of the day record the bnrial, in the 
Presbytorian ground, of William Roscoc, who died Oct. 
9, 1305, in hie sevenij-tbirJ year, *'a first gouhq of\ and 
brought up by the celebrated Win. Koscoe, of Liver- 
pool, author of the Life of Leo X^ ete. Tn the Hevold' 
tion ho waa express-rider to OoTcnior Litiagslon, and for 
many yeare tfergeant-at-arma to the Court of Chancery." 

■ Lflllw Tfom Dr. H. in TrBElon '^Trufl Amorioftn," Uarob Sfl, 1810. 

f JoujithBii D<dm (aavr vritCerj Doaoa) hdvlng coDU'ikCied ur er«ct n 
SUteFrlwD At Trail wn, Mmht^. Huat and FurmaTi (1T9T) coqt*;^ the 
ground on whiob tbojiul(uon- ihoornenftl} hm buUk The nieaasireinoat 
vAi more tbfin uigbt and one quaner acr«a ; tliB oamider&tion £SGO If. 



Theolooical SEMiWAnT — Hri. Armsteono'b 



180T— 1816. 

Mr, Armstrong had the happiness of eeeing 
the fii-st Theological School of our Church eaUil.v- 
lished withia ten milea of Trenton^ and in the 
village so mach associated with the earlier scenes 
of his flcailemica] and domestic life. He wbs in 
the General Asaemhly of ISlOj which agreed 
upon the policy of one central institution ; and 
in that of 1813, which established it «t Prince- 
ton. "With Dr. Alexander and Dr. Miller> the 
first Professors^ his intercourse was intimate dur- 
ing the few years of life that remained to him 
after their coming into the neighborhood, and 
both of them frequently supplied his polpit dur- 
ing hia protracted infirmity. It was an addition- 
al mark of providential favor that he lived to 
Bee the fii'at fruita of the Seminary, and to give 





368 



Minutes of SeiHon. 



hU voice for the liceDsing of it3 earliest gradi 
ates- The last time he appeared ia Presbytery 
•wBs at the se^ion of April, 1815, which was 
held in Trentoii. On that occaaioo Messrs. 
Weed, Parmele, Staoton, and RoberteoD, of the 
first class, were licensed,* 

The records of each Session are annually re- 
viewed by ft coiiiDiitt^e of Presbytery. In the 
meeting of April, 1813^ the committee, (Dre, 
Woodhiill and Alexander,) reporting favorably 
on the Trenton minutes, addj 

" Th&t in one parLiciiTar esjH^uinlly^ tlie utmost c&re anrl 
atlenlioo Lavo heea paid to tlio jjurity and edificaiion of 
the Church, and to guard agoiosb errors tu doctrine and 

practice," 

This commendation refers to an act of the se^ 
sioD excluding from church privilegca a member 
who had adopted, and was promulgating the 
Unlvei^alist heresy, vilifying the commuaion to 



• Dr. Wn. A. U(;Do«eEI*J lutne U tnl in ib* Cfttalo^ua oT Altunxii, 
hiving been ]i»D»ii b 1813 bf the New-3)rijii«vick Pmb/tery, but bo 
hhd QiiL«Ted Iri 4a Bilvuiced BUigo of UIh nudlen. Ttie Snt Um« iliv^mta 
wflru Wnn. Btnir, John iJoTBrt. sod Heaiy BUtoJiford. Tlie PreBbjtoJj 
uf April. 1813, wTiicU »l lu TjBPion, recfliyed boih Ilrn Qrem ud 
AlftiuUfrn IVdjji PbaBdelpblb ; Itia runner luTbg: b««n elected Pnudoat 
of PfiuCeUiu L'oJJo^;* ia 1813. 



Annivcrlarics. 



369 



whlcli lie belonged, and refusing to attend ita 
worship. In April, 1816, the general approval 
of the book was qualified by some exceptions as 
to the summary measures pursued by the session 
in suspending one of their own number, upon his 
declining to take their adpice to discontinue his 
service as an elder. Upon this exception the 
session reversed their judgment, and the elder 
withdrew from the exercise of his oflice ; but he 
appears afterwards to have been reinstated. 

When the New-Jersey Bible Society was or- 
ganized in ISIO, Mr, Armstrong was elected a 
managur. In 1813 the annivci'sary of the Society 
was held in hia church, when Dr, Wharton, the 
Episcopal minister of Burlington^ preached, and 
the Rev. Wul H, Wilmer, of Virginia, read the 
liturgy- This couit^aj was extended in conse- 
quence of the Episcopal Church being under 
repab*. 

On the anniversary of Independence, m 1808, 
Mr» Armati-oog was again the orator at the cele- 
bration by the Cincinnati, and citizens. He act- 
ed as clisplaifi on that day in 1815, when the 
"Washington Benevolent Society of Trenton,*' 
made their first public appearance, and the con- 
course in the church was swelled by the mem- 




bers of a political convention opposed to the war, 
wliieli'waa theu meeting in the town>** 

The Buffering, and incapacity of freely moving 
Ma limbs, produced by his tedioiw dieea^e, were 
now depi'iving Mr. Armstrong of the proapect of 
ever resuming his pastoral datieg. The mere 
ascending into the pulpit coat the moat painful 
exertion. He suppressed, as far as possible, tte 
esMbition of hie anguish, that lie might perform 
the work in which he delighted; aud although 
the act of writing must have been peculiarly dis- 
tressing to hia distorted hands, I have seen more 
than one discourse from hia peOj indorsed as 
prepared to be read to llie cougregatioD by % 
Bubatit.utc, when too ill to leave his houae. One 
of these (not dated) begins thus: 

" Uii 111)] c, thro ugh tlio dispensaLion of Divine Prcpvidenc^, 
to address you in public, I embraca the ooly means iu my 
power lo convey a poitlon of th^t Instruotion wliich, I 
trust, hu oilen beea aduiiaiBtercd to our mutual ediCcfr- 



■ January IS, ISOil, h puhlte dinner wu gipen in TrcDion lo Dipt, 
(aAorH-iLrda Cummodore) BalubridgVi upng hb ruLum froOk BdrtuTj. Tha 
CmniDodort's Umi\y ver? of LbLe loCfility itid chitrcli. KdmuDd Baia- 
bridgn vm an elder TmiD lh« awiei clmrchH of rreaTon and Uaidfo- 
Lend icL ihv Pimbjiery vt Oclobor. MS*. John Baiubridj^o wMOOOof 
the ^nnt^en in K\\e fhurch>d»^d of lens, (pv\^ 3nj md Omt DtTDe l« 
All] v'\a\\}lu OD a toDibctooc b k <ieftBrlod burjkng-pljhCB m lAoabcrtAOi 
marked— "Died l''3Z I agodaQveaL^-lIra jrofen." 



David BiOiop, 



37* 



tioQ. During thi? BpAce of many yearfi I biLve not for any 
wliolc Jny been Tm-b from paia. HeOucod al timca to 
lite borUors of Uie grave, anil reviving, conUai^ to all 
human cKpccUtion, [ bflTC ardcntlj desired to address 
you aa one rising from the dend, A person on the \erg« 
of two worlds, cortRmplating the drpsd reolitiea of eter- 
niiy, atimding equal chftDOeB to be the next hoar an in- 
habitant of time or etermty. must have most itnprt'saive 
Bcnlimentfl from tbo rclationa which Ihcy benr to each 
Othor. In tbcEe momenta, ocd under theae impreasions, I 
have wisbod for str<?ngth and opportunity, if it were but 
for once, to appear in the aaaemblies oftlie pc-iople of God, 
aal woa wont to do. But on a conecientioua review of 
the matter and the manner of my public inatructlonfl, I 
am Gonstrmncd to ask what could 1 do more than 1 havn 
done ? All I could hope for would bo that your sympa- 
thy, excited by my longftndpainralaffliclioii,andheinhieD. 
ed by aa unexpecied restoration (,o heahb, imgbl, tbrougb 
thi^ aids of divine grace, awaken a more lively attention, 
and give n more improasivo aohronitj to otornal things," 



Tbis toiicbiug preface tvjia followed by an 
enrneat and tender applicatioD of tbe lessons of 
our Lord's parable of the fig-tree that remained 
niifruitful after years of faiT.bful culture. 

In April, 1815, tbe congregation authorized 
the session to engage an assistant minister, and 
they tbose Mr. David Bishop, a licentiate, and at 
that tLme a teacher in the Trenton Academy — 



372 Laft Service, 



afterwards pastor iq EastoiL In tbe summer of 
that year Mr. Armstrong performed hia last 
public service, and many still remember an af- 
feetiDg incident connected with it Though 
emaciated and worn down by p^n, there was 
no reason at that time to suppose that he might 
not yet, as for years past, make hie way to the 
pulpit and assbt in the services. Bnt on that 
Sabbath it was noticed that the only psalm used 
in the singing was the third part of the aeTenty- 
firat; the first half (or to the "pause") being 
Bung at the beginning, and the remainder at the 
close of the devotional exercises. His text waa 
"Woe unto me if I preach not the Gospel" 
There could not have been many unmoved 
hearts as the feeble pastor, verging on three- 
score and ten, read — 

"The land of Bilenoe and of deatii 
Attends taj next remore ; 
Ob 1 miiy theee poor remains of breathy 
Teach the wide world thy love. 

" By long experience have I known 
Thy sovereign power to save ; 

At thy command I venture down 
Securely to the grave. 



Mr. Amiftrong's Death. 



373 



"When I lie buried deep in dust, 
My fltisL sbull be liij cure ; 
Tliese withered limbci irhh iheo I irust, 
To raise them sLrang and fajr.'^ 

To a few months this faith was realize*!, and 
he entered oil his rest, January 19, 1816, in the 
BisTty-aisth year of his age, the thirty-eighth of 
Ills ministry, aod (counting from the dat« of his 
call) the thirty-fii^t of bis paetorahip. 

On the twenty-second the remains of the de- 
ceased pastor were followed to the church by a 
large concourse, and, before they were commit- 
ted to the earth, an instructive discniirse was de- 
livered by the Rev. Dr. Miller, The preacher 
closed 03 follows : 



^* Willi respect to the character anil the success of bis 
labore among you, ray brethren, there needs no tesLi. 
monf from mo. Yon have seen him for nearly thirty 
years going in and out before you, laboring with ikssiduity, 
and during & great pnrt of the lime iindor the pressure ot 
disease, for your sjiinLiial woll^re. You have seen him 
aJOresaiug you whh aflectiouate eameatoesa, whea his en- 
feebled frame was scnreely abl« to maintaiTi an erect poa- 
tore in the jjulpit- You have heard him lamentin^^ in Che 
tendorest terms, Lis inability to iefvo you in a more 
active luaiLncr. And you have aeen hitn DianLfesliag with 
fVeqaBDCy hie earaeat deatie to promute your beat in- 
80 



m 



374 Funeral Sennoo. 

terest, even "whcL wcftkn^a (Compelled him to be absent 
from ihc solemn osacmbly. 

'-^ Bin wfi^ i^nlurgo on tbcae topiea before those who 
knew him ao veil ? or why dwdJ upon poiala of exoel- 
Icnce in his chiractcr which all acknowledged? The 
WOTPilh Ol' hie friendsbip ^ Lib peculiar urbajiity ; his do- 
m^tio virtues; hit atUchm^nt io evaogelical truth j lua 
dediied friemilinesa to vilsl pioty; hJs ptinctuality, u 
long as he hod sLrfiigth to go abroad, in atteodiDg on the 
jadicatoriea of iho Charcli; these, among the manj ci- 
cdlent traits of character oahibited by Iho paster cf irhom 
you bnvft ji^t taken leaye, will no doubt be rememberei] 
with respect and with monmfiil ple^nre, for a long lime 
to comu. 

"More than once have I wilnewed, ditring his weak' 
neaa and dccliiiCt not or^ly th(« aitxious eicrot^cfl of oi]« 
who WAtched over the iutercsta of hb own sonl wilh a 
eacred jeAlousy, but alno th^ afieclionate aspb-ationa of his 
liearl for the eternal wi^lfare of Wm f^mity and floek. 
Farewell ! afflictccl, beloved man* &rcwcll J We ahAll ntt 
thee again ; aee thee, vre trndt, no more the pale victim of 
weakacfia, disease, and death, but in (he imago nod tlje 
train of our blesseit Muster^ and Iti all t!ie immorLaE youth, 
and health, and liuire of hiH glonGed faintly. May it 
then, oh t may it tlicu ajipeur that all thiue anxious 
prayera and all thine indefatigable hibora for the spirilunl 
benefit of thoBo who were so dear to tbine heurt, Lave 
not been in vain In the Lord/'* 

* Hrx ArmulTOQff amritwl her bosbftaJ until FflbroMj U, ISfil, 
vbsD Hha pflKcrulij and iHumphJUitlj d^jwrted, \q Llia nJnet^^third jmt 
oJ bor a^ t liui ibe privilvg* of tUe tiim^ahip of tbd moat ortlm^ti* 




Epitaph. 



375 



The epitaph on the tomb of Mr. Armstrocg, 
in the churchyard, wna written by Preeideat 8. 

Stanhope Smith _ 

" Sacred to the memory of tbe Reverend Jxmes Fban- 
L'tH Arusikong, thirty yeiirs pastor of llii? cliurth nl 
TrentoD, in uqIdd wilL the church aE. Mnidcuiiead. Born 
in Jllarylaml, of pious parents, he received the elements of 
his dn^ioxkl cduoation imdcr iho Her. John Blflir ] Gnigh- 
ed Ilia collegiate Btudiea in the College of New-Jeraey, 
under the Rev, Dr, Witherapoor, and was licenfled in 
preach the Gospel io the year 1777. An ardeut patriot, 
ho scrred through the war of lodependeQce aa a chaplain. 
In 17&0 he wm ohosec a Tnisteo of the Culloge of New- 
Jersey. A w.irm otid constftnt friend, a devout Christian, 
ft tender huibiacl and parent ; steady in his attendaiiee on 
the jndicatf>rieft of the Clmrch \ throughout hia life he was 
di^tinguiahcd iia n fervent mid ^LSeciiouatc miJiiater of ihe 
Gospg), aud roei^ied hh soul to ^lia Creutor and Redeemer 
on the nineteenth of January, 1810. 'Blessed are the 
dead who die in the Lord, Amen: even so come Lord 
Jesaa.* '^ 



Ihdj Tm lea j^mtb ftTLer beoomm^ pidbor of lh« chnrchn and the dtwouno 
delivered on (ha Sabbath AAer her fUiien] bu been publii^hed under the 
tiUe of " The Divkie FrumLw to Old AkQ." Que of Ihe daughtera iT 
Ur. ftnd ^[reL Armsttcnfr, wns the wlfa ofCliier Jnstlce EffJDg, vbo di«d 
in TffmtDit, J\^\y i, ISlti. Their flc>i>, Kuboit L. ArinoLroti^, amftmberof 
(h0 bar at WDwlbur/f died in Treotan, Sgpli^mber S'i. IH^G. 



3/6 Communicants, 



NOTES. 

I. 

For the jgoltb of Mr. Ai-matrong^fl pastorate before 
1606f there i& no offidal record of statistics. In a memo- 
randum made bj him, he says that when he first came to 
Trenton "the namber of communicants did not exceed 
perhaps eight or nine in that church, exclusive of Maiden- 
head. The numbers increased slowly and gradnallj'. At 
every communion season, which was twice a year, a few 
were added ; generally of such as had been under serious 
impression for some time before admisdon." 

In 1806 the wliole number of communicants m Trenton 
was sixty-eight. Two only of these are known to be sur- 
viving in 1850, At the two commnniona of 1608 seven- 
teen jiersons made their fir^t profession at one, and thii^ 
teen at the other. In 1 809 seventeen more were rec^ved. 
Among the manuscripts of Mr. Armstrong is a sories of 
sermons on the divine being, attributes, and perfections, 
marked hy him as having been preached *^just before so 
many were added to the church in 1808 and 1809.'' In 
1810 the whole number of commuuicanta waa one hun- 
dred and twenty-ibur; in 1815, one hundred and eleven. 



I throw into thi^ note aome miscellaneons items collect- 
ed from the books of the Treasurer and Trustees at the 
cloae of the last century. 



Miscclhneoiis. 



377 



The windows of ibe church appear to have b«eu ex- 
posed to QEtraordln^Lry casLinUitiH^ hr iLore tura conslAni 
entrien of pajTucota for glaring, and Homctliaea eiiliacnp- 
tiona for that object- Eveuing aervicea wore only occft' 
sioujilf 08 wo learn from such oQtrioa as, *"■ 178Q, MurcU 
IS, pnid for candle* when Mr, Woodliull preached in thu 
erening, 2«. 6il^* Tliore wero coUbcUoda on every Sjib- 
balh ; tbfir amount varied iVuiD 2^. 4ri. to £\ 15^. 2(L 
Tbot the old prescriptive coin Wfua freely used on theae 
occnsionB is revealed in fluch ontrica asj '* By old coppers ;" 
"to amouatof old coppore on hand thai wont pfltei." Tho 
collections were soraetlmea for other than church pur- 
poflca. ^'l7Bfl, collecition for Rev, Samson Occoni/** 
" 1789, collection raised for & poor traTellar, 27*. ttV* 
In 1763, £2 7j. £c/. were colleated "forLutboranE to build 
a church nt Fort Piu»'' In 180tf, fivo mahogany '* polwa 
and [velvet] bflge for collecting nt church," wore provid- 
ed, accoi'ding le a fd^diion long since Huperseded by boxes. 
For Aeverol ycara there is an iiivnriable charge of Id. Oc/. 
for "swoepjog meeling-house," every fortniRhi, Th* 
supplies for tho pulpitf and the expense of tb«ir hor»u^ 
fipy?m lo have been regularly paid. " 1770, paid Rev- Mr. 
Grant, as a supply, being a young man unsettled, £1 2«. 
erf." 1785, " Supply 000 day and a half, 4fi-f." " Half a 
day, ISfl." The office of Deacon was performed by the 
pastor and elclers at thoir disereiion, out of funds in the 



* Oaaia was a MolmgAa (ConnDcllciit) ladJan. and the flnloThli ntot 
eduailsd by Dr WbwlfKk lit J^haonn. In 31 (iB tii*m]I#Dlfid moiti thuii 
illLJUO ia EugUnd fi>r ths ^'Loelock SoliOoL 111a u^acy h iunniiavtd 
Id the ce^bmced oue af DuLmoutJi CuUe^ : Wheakm^i iUporUi voL 

30* 



-» — =^=- 




378 



Mifcelhoeous^ 



TreaBiiror*9 hjiTiiifl. "Paid Mr. Armstroug for ft 6te!c vty- 

man at ilr, Morrice's.^^ '* Shirt fir ." "Hv- 

lieving ]ier dUti^ss,^^ " P^d Belt liiat was soAlilcd,*' 
" Setb Babbitt, u, Blrauger that was in diatrero. being cJiat- 
away, aa lie said,'' Fuel waa oftco diulribtaled, Ueccm- 
bor 20, 170l>; "Bil! for eundries to put tho polpit in 
monming for G. Wiisbingtcn, and Mrs. Emersfm for put, 
ting it on,'* The ejrpen^s of PresVijli^rj were Boniotimes 
borne by the ohurch treaaitry. '* To FruBbytery** ei- 
pensca lit Mr- Witt*s,'' one of the hott^U, nieans pTobtibly 
tie beeping of Ihcir horses \ but I must not conceal that 
in 1702 there ia this charge, ** for beer at Presbytery, 
4*. lorfj* In the same year the other congregation were 
more UberaJ in their entertainmentf '.is ap|icarB by tbia 
entry: ^* Bought of Abraham Hunt, for the iiaeof the oon- 
grogttLion when Prusbytery a»t io flliudenhead, 



" 8 gah Liflhon wino at 7*. Od.^ 
D " flpiriia, 9*., 



: 



£3 D 
£6 5 



Ten yeara before — *'half gallon of ram." The Ugt, 
wc may flnfiposCf nas for tbe uae of ^oiIuocd abant the 
church, accovdhig to the custom then universal. Tn build- 
ing the church of 1605, **epiritB'* were bought for this 
pur|x)ac by the barrel. The charchea were sooietimea re- 
paid for thill bran eh of their expendilures ; aa in 1 7113, 
Mr Bond, (probnbly a mngistrftte) divided between the 
Pj'esbyterian anil Ejjiscopal churches a fine collected by 
him from aome utilicenacd vender of ipiriluLme liquors. 

In November, 179U, the purcbue of *■' an elegant* large 
Bible for the mo of the Trenton Church," vaa aathi>tued. 



Notes, 



379 



The sexton** fee for digging a grave, inviting to Iho fuDo- 
rnl, and tolJiDg the b^EI^ was fixe'] rittwo dollars. In 1799 
it waa inoreased to threes dollars aiid a half. Aa J&te rs 
1842 it wua tliu cu^Wm for tLo seitons to gu from Loude 
to Loti9C, and m^lco verbal notice of funeratfl at the 
doors. Thcro were not thon, as nosv, throe daily news- 
papers to Giip&rBede the nece^t^ of publishing notices of 
this kind from tlip pulpit or olherwise. 

The Tmsteus appear lo lare provided far tlie convey- 
ance of the pn^tor to the plocesof themeetiugof the Ptas- 
hytory. At one timo it wad " agreed tLat Mr. Jacob Carle 
OP his aon, Ciipt, Israel Carle [neither elder nor TrUftee] 
attend Mr. Armstrong to the Presbytery/' At another 
lime (ns?) J:imGB Ewing, Est^., [then in no cliarch ofllce,] 
wafl desigiiated to tbia service. There may havo been 
that deficiency of acting oldera (at least in Iho tuwu) at 
this time, to vbich Mr. Armstrong refers in a note of 
1813, in which ho spoaka of hk having had charge of the 
charitj-funi] ; '^ I am uiclinod Lo believe before thsre were 
any ciders in the congregation,'* The cjrpoafics of the 
ftesflion in attending judicatories vrcre paid by the Tnia- 
tee^. 

The pew-rents Jii town were received hy a collector an- 
nually appointed by the Truateea out of iheir own num- 
ber, or from the congregation, Delinquents were some- 
Umce threatened w^ith thi^ last rceort. In 173S it was 
ordered^ " tljat no boraee or other creatures be put in the 
grave-yard," It is presumed thai this wag a prohibition 
Bgainst hitchmg the anmialH thert* on the Sabbutb, or pna^ 
taring them at auy lime, The seiton, however, bad 
" leaTe to pasture shc^ in the grave-yard." 



38o 



Potter^s Field. 



Iq 1788, "the prosent meeting takiiig into conwdera- 
lion llie ^<?iit defect in public worship in the congrega- 
tian, by w:luIi oC a regular cteik, aud Mr. Johc Friend* a 
member of the cougregatioo, having volimlarily offered 
himself ate adilj- to supply Ihixt, office, tbo congrcgatJOD ac- 
cepted of hid offer QEid deaire the Truetees to mako nay 
Agreement Uiey may think proper with ^aald Frioid oa, 
that aiibject." 

Iq J799, {it 0. oongregational meeting,) "wheroiaflp- 
pliCLilioiia ore oflcn making tbr tbe buriil of strangers ia 
th^ ground belonging to tbii congregation, by vbiotij 
meaiia it is fillmg np very fest^lherefore it is ordered ihst 
no BtrangE-r be permitted to be buried in said ground 
Ecreafter, vitliont paying irbat may bo agreed upon b^ 
the Trustees of eoid church ; and for relief in the premuet 
it i^ agreed that proposals be made to the other aoeietiss 
of ChriAtians in thla pliiee, and to the inhabiinnis in gen- 
eral, to open aad promote subacriptionH for the purpose of 
purcbaaing a piece of ground for a Potter'a field," The 
Trenton *' Potter's field" is on the New- Brunswick road, 
and was probably pnrchaaod by the town about 1802, 
One of the gravefl is deagnated as follows : " Sfxcred to 
the memory of Jady^ wife of WilJiam Field \ fiiilhfbl and 
&Tonte Cliristian servants of the Ute Robojt Finley, 
DJ>., of Baakmgridge, NewJcrsey. Erected 1899," 

In 1709 the Trustees "ordered that the minutes and 
procoodinga of the congregation and Tmatees be read by 
the miuiflter or clerk of the clinreh the nest Sabbath, or 
as eoon as convenient after their muetliigs, ru order that 
it be generally known how the bufltaeaa of the Society ia 
eond acted .f* 



Dubois. 



381 



I cleric 



Some prccedenco soema to Kare been accorded (0 tbfi 
Gavernor of the State, Ho waa allowed tbe first choice 
of a pew m tJbe new church of ISOC. The icoumbeDC &t 
that time was Joseph Rt-oompield, known by the titles 
boUi of Governor and General. He reaicltd in Trenton 
during the succeefliTe terms of tia administration, (1801- 
12.) Mrs. Bloomtield waa a comrauaicant of the church, 
and hep nephew^ Bishop McHvaiae, remembera the viaiU 
of hia childliood to iha then new, "bnt now demoUshed 

In the earlier part of Mr, Armatrong'a miniatry ho 00a- 
fbrmcd to the custom, then common in onr pnlpite, of 
wearing n gown iind bands. The pi'aclice aeema to have 
fallen grarlLially into illguse, more from its incouTeniencei^ 
than from any rise of seruplea. The varielj of Eairliali 
academical gowna fiuems to have been known in our State 
as late as leoo, for in that year a Burlington tailor adver- 
tUGfl in the Trenton Gazette : ^^DJ>., M^^ and other 
clerical robea made correctly," 



HI. 



In 1815 the chnrcb lost one of Its ruling eldera. His 
epitaph is : 

'* Tn memory ef NiOTTorAB Drni^rs, many years teacher 
of the Young Ladies* Academy, and an elder of the Prca- 
byteriaa Clmrub of tliia place. Died November 4, 1916, 
An. jet. forty-foTir, A man amiable, pious* and cjiom- 
plai'T ■ a teacher, ahCe, zealous, tind faithfid ; an elder 
BTdoutly devoted to the welfare of his Father's fioet," 



382 



The Firft 



> 



TV, 

The int&rvnl betvrceu >Ir. Armstrong aiid bis saeceuor 
b marked in our hiBtory by tb& commcDCcm^nt of tbc 
Simdaj-scboot of the cboroL. The earlieat flohool of Lhu 
description was iriBtitaCed by tUGmbera of the So<aet^ of 
Frieads, for the iuatruclion of (colored peraons. Tt wm 
caUi;^d the "Trenton Piret^aj School," aod the primary 
meeting of tEra Society was oaJIcdfor " the second secord' 
day ofCbe sooond montb^^' 1809. Hub isilocl, S£ it vould 
appear, from, want of mt^ana to pay a teat-lior; and in 
May, ISll, a society of all denominations fomiad "a Srsl- 
day, or Sunday-school, for tke instruction of ibc poor of 
all dtracriptions and colors." I am indebted to John M. 
Shorrord, Esq., of BeMdere, for tbs following interesting 
momoranda as to the irtrodiiction of tlie moro strictly re- 
ligioLis, or ulmrch Sunday-achool : 

'^ While a student of law ia the ofTJce of tbo late Quef 
Juatice E^nng, in the wiater of 1815-10, 1 beoame amesi' 
her of the Trenton churclj, under the preaching of T)r_ 
Alexander, who chiL^fly supplied the puljnt after the death 
of Mr. Arroatrong. Thoro waa &omo awnkciilng among 
Iho olmrnheB in that winter. Wo held a cnion prayer- 
meellDg, weekly, for «ome lirae, and at one of tJie«eit 
was mooud whether we might not do good by ataitiog a 
Sunday-achool Several of us had read about auch «cboob 
ill Ee^Iand, and hoard tbat they had been begun in Piubi- 
d«lpbi% but nono of xi& had ever aeea one.* Our prayer- 



* Tho "NAmLli'A" of tlve Oee^nU An«mbl^ of 1811 mnnUaiM the 
MUbMimoDt of A SubbfllU -BohooJ for poor ohUdr«Q ia ^Jow-Bniaiwick 



S unday-Schools- 



383 



meeting was composed of about a dozen ycrarg men wLo 
bad just amtedwith tbe Jifle rent cburch^a, and a fewoUiera 
who were spiiougly disposed. 1 recollect tLo nnmcB of Gor- 
Bhom Mott, John Fr^ ncb^ and Mr, Bow on, BaptisU; John 
Probasoo, a M<?LhcKliat: Lewis ETWiB, who ww brought 
up a Friend. At llint I w»u* the only Ptesbyterian, hot 
others soon joined me. 1 was apjiointed lo visit the 
schools in Philadelphia* and accordingly spent a Sabbath 
there, diirin|^ which 1 yisiled tho old Arch Street^ Chiisl 
Cbnrcb, and St, John's Schools, whicib were all I could 
find. The teachera famiahed me with all tbi^ deslri^d in- 
fonuatloni and gs.Te me specimenH of Lickels, cards, booka^ 
etc. On my return we determined to make the experi- 
ment, and obtained the use of tbc old echool-room over 
Ih^ market-houflo on Mill Hill, which th«a stood nearly 
oppoaili? tbf prtsent Menser courl-honse, and oight o*clock 
on the ncit Sunday morning fouud us afuembled there — 
■IX teachers and twentj^six acholftrG. 

" We kept up our weekly prayor-mccting at differout 
plarea, in Ihc Bapliat, Presbyterian, and Methodist con- 
nection — chiefly in thcf Gret two. Every Sutidny the 
school was dbmjescd in timo to attend the three churches, 
on alternate days, each teacher accompanying his class and 
occupying a part of the gallery. We seldom failed of 
having a word of eneouragpmcnt from the officiating min- 
ister, and t well remember the uddross of Dr. Alexander, 
the first Snbhath we met in the Preabj'lerian Church. At 
tho end of throe months, tlie room becoming loo email for 
ua, we formed a school in onch of the three churches, and 
each Hoon became aa Iirge afl the originaT one. The Pres- 
bftorlua was held in the ochooL building on your church- 



3&t 



Su nday-Schools. 



I 



lot. The otliers in Ihe Bapiiet Churrfi (ind Tr«nt<kn 

Aoncl^my. I contintieil there nbout Dine montliSf and 
until I lefl Trenton, during which time we kept np ©or 
union pmjcr-meeting, and tb* Tiails of all ihe Bchools tl- 
tcmutoly at tho ditlcTcnt churches on Sunday moraing^ 
Ti^wurda the la^t tbey almoEi filled th« gatlcty of eflob 
cbnrch. AiYer ihe Bf;parnlion on 3^lil1 Hill fernule teachers, 
for the first time,, took part. We followed the oM pimi of 
«ach BehoUr cooiimUing sas much as he could duriDgthe 
vcck — receiving tickcte^ redeemed, at a certain number, 
ATLih booke^ 0:ie factory boy^ I remember, who, although 
twelve hours at work daily, committed ao many versnt 
ttflt I could not henr him in scliool-liours, but took the 
time for it after chorch." 

From a document in a Trenton newspaper (August 8, 
1817) it apjfears iliat the llree schools meNtli^ned by Mr, 
Sherrcrd were organized under the title of "The Trenton 
and Livmberton Sunday Free-School AsBociation." The date 
of its beginning h there given ns March 0^ 1816, "Frotn 
April to October tho school conaisted of ninety scholars. 
On the twenty-aeveiilh Ootol>?r it w;[adivided mtc three." 
"It is with peculiar pleatiuic the Assooifltion notice those 
two nurseries of moroy, the Female mid African Sucday- 
BChoolsj which have arisen Binco the eBtablir^hment of their 
own," A oolnmn of a newspaper of Oct, 4, IBIO, is ocon- 
pied with n report of the ^'TreiUon SJllJbath^lsy School," 
which opens with saying, " Nine months bavt now elapsad 
rfnco, by the cxcrtiona of a few gentlemen, this school w*s 
founded.*' The report ia signed by Jamcfl C How, after- 
wards the Rev, Mr, TIow, of Del&ware^ a brother of the 
Presbyterlau paator. In February, 1821, the saoio Sod& 



Teachers. 



385 



ty reports tbntithadfour eohooJs, the bojB\ the girls', thd 
African, and otic at Morriaville, The last euliool Imd, in 
NovuT[ib(!r, 18[9, elevtii ttvichera and tine liumlreil nnil 
sixteeu acholara. TJie *^ Female Tract Society*' funiifth- 
ed tracts montUy to the Bchoolsi and tbo " JurcnUo Dorcu 
Society'' Buj^plied clolbing to the obilJren. 

Six femalo membei-9 of our cocgrcgBtion (Ellen Bur- 
rowed, Mary Ann Tnckor, Mary A. Howell, Hannah E, 
Howell, EIJz^i R. Chambora, and Uatittali Hnydeu) oilyiTi' 
ated "Tbe Ftmftle Sabbath Aaaocintion." Oct> 4, 1&H5. 
To these were fioon added Sarah M, Stockton, (afLcrwarda 
wife of Rev. "W, J, Annflti'oug,) Eosetta C. Hyer, Jane 
Lowry, Eliza C. Palmer, Lydia Middlttonj (allerwarda 
wife of Rev. Henry Woodward,) Ellen E, Burrowea, (Mrs- 
Stacy G. Totla,) Cjitherine Sofjcack, Miiry Creed, Abigail 
Byall, Juliette Rice,* Siiseuj Armatroag, Aun;i Jackrjon, 
(wifeof ilov. Joa, Sanford.f) ITiesegaion granted the uao 
of ihe gLVllery of the church, as a place of teaching, Tho 
scliofd WiLS opCTit-d Oct. 23, and was held for an hour and 
a half ia the aflcraoon. A boys' school was afterwards 
formed, of whieli Mr, Jamoa O, How waa thi* lirst Super- 
intendtnt. There are eight hundred and Iwertly-two 
nam^ on the roll of femate pupils from 1822 to 1839. 



■ U\m RiGB maiii(nm«d her let^T^ {ntercBt tc tho Sehocl and! h«r 
dcAtb In Hnr, ]@S&, She Krvod tho gflocml cslubq bs a writrr. Two of 
ber bookH, " AUcq and her Uother/' and " OlWa Sni'\iU*' wem pubJlqlied 
by the AiD«ricAii S, % Uqiod; Lbree otbcm, " L'oDi^idenLEioiij ar Uis 
Goldeu Rule'," "Fiuretica PallerBQii/' and "HatIii Dmdfunl,'* kij tUa 

UtfBllcLriUJltll £L S. SOCAtjr 

f Ulaa .Tnnkfloa'a uiime MkA Trtnton n^ooUliiJaa fraqucittly occur in 
UisMaraoi/ofMr, SinfofiJ, bjDr. Baird.pp.^e, 63. Gft, 3a, 31, US, 121, 

ft! 



386 Benjamin Smith, 



In tliG minutes yf llie Trastees, March 19, 1814^ is this 
entry : 

" J^K^jA^r.v SuiTtif Esq., wbo ha£ for a long timo been 

a Trustee aiid l*rcsi(3ent of tho Board, as also Treasurer 
for the churcb, Jill wJiich offices be has filled with faithful- 
ness, but cxptcling shortly to remove to Elizabeth town, 
and make that his final place of abode, begged for said 
reason to resigii bis truatecsliip," 

Kr. Smith was elected ^^ a Deacon for Trenton," May 
0, 1V7T, and was an elder in 1806, and probably for some 
years before, lie died in Eli;iabetlitown, October 23, 
1824, and a Bcrmou wns preaebcd at his funeral by hia 
paptor, tlic llcv. Dr. Jobji -McDowell, fi'om tho words; 
"Loi-d, 1 have loved tbc babitatiou of thy house, and the 
place where thine honor dwullelh." Tliifl text had been 
selected by himi^ulf for the pnrpoae, and his will directed 
the Game to bo insci'ibcd on bis tomb. By tho kindness 
of Dr. McDovvoU I am enabled to present a copy of the 
stntemeuts in the fimerol discourse, which show how ap- 
plicable was its iiispirod motto. 

"Our departed friend loved the house of the Lord, and 
he bas told ibe spuiiker that this cvidcnec has often en- 
couraged and comforted bis soul, when he coulcj get bold 
of scarcely any other. His conduct in this respect corre- 
sponded with ids profession. Tbrough a long life ho 
manifested tlial he loved the Lord's liousc. It was taught 
hmi, 1 have midcratood, from bis childhood. At an early 
ago he became the subject of serious impressions, and 



The Smith Scholarl'Wp. 



387 



hopefully cf divine gracCn He wa3 first rcopived into thia 
church under tho miidatry of the Kcv, Jarap3 CaJdwcll, \n 
the year 1766, when ho was nboiil elghteon years old. 
Heaft(>rwarJ3 removed to Trenton, iind corinecied hlni- 
ficlf H'itU Ihali diurcL, where hi* spent iiig.H of hLn Oajs< 
There he lon^ actetj in the ofllcc of ruling cllev. During 
the lattt^r pn,Tt of tht> tiun? of hia rcaidcocc in Trenton, tlic 
congregation erected a new housu of worehip- In tbia lio 
look a deep nnd aotlvc interest. He bestowed much of 
hia time, coiitnhuted lihorally of liU menofl, and wejit 
abroad soliciung aid for ila completion. About leu ycara 
since he removed to tbia town, &a-X in the decline of life 
agun oonaeoted liimaolf with this ohutcL, Ho waa sooa 
eleoted a niling olJer, which ofiiee ho erecnted with 
tidclily until hib deciaise, in th^* Keveiit.y-ninth year of hia 
age- He maiiifoMcd hia love to tho house of God by his 
constant altcndanco on its worr<!iip antll bis laft short ill- 
uces ; nnd ho manifeHted it iii hia will, by leaving :k be- 
queat for llie aupporl of its worship, and romcniboi-ing 
Other congregations In the town. His laat woi'ds ware; 
* Wiloocie Bweet day oT rtist.' " 



Amor*; the lef;,aeies of Jir. Smith's will wna one of 
Iwonly-livo IumGrcd dollar? for tlie cuJowtnent of a seho- 
larahip In the Theologieal Seminary at Pnneeton, whii'h 
was n:'alj/<Hl in 1839, npou ihe ilecease of his widow. It 
stands the twenty-ai^itli on ihc Uat of acbolarsLixM, ajid 
bears the namo of ita founder. 



(ijlinpteil SEuJcnt Jith. 

Sa^icel B. Hoav, T>JD. — WiLLiAir J. ARMsraoso, 
D-D, — The Kev, John Smrn. — Notes- 

1816—1828. 

Oy the nineteentli of August, 1816, tlie con- 
gregation met and elected for their pastor the 
Rev, Samuel Blaitchard How, 

Mr. (now Dr,) How, a native of Burlington, 
grnilii,ite(l in the University of Pennsylvania, 
(1811 ;) was tutor for a short time in Dickinson 
College; then a master of the Crraramar School 
of his University; was licensed by the Presby- 
tery of Philadelpliia in 1813 ; then passed a ses- 
sion at the Princeton Seminary, and on Novem- 
ber 10, 1814, was ordained and installed pastor 
at Solebury, Bucks county. 

Mr, How was installed over the Trenton con- 
gregation December lY, 1816, on which occa-^ion 
Dr. Milh-r pivsiilcd, Dr. Alt'xander preached, 
(H Cor. I) : ir>.) Dr. Miller f^ave the charge to 
tlie ])astor, and the Rev, L V. Brown the charge 
to the congregation. Thi-* pastorship was hap- 



Dr. How. 



n 



pily and usefully continued Tiotil April, 1821, 
when a call from the First Cimrch of New- 
Brunswick WAS laid before ttii Pre^^liyiery, and 
Le was installed in that city in the following 
June* The addition* to the commuaion of the 
church in these five years w^^^e ftfty-stx on their 
fii^at profession, and thirty on certificates from 
other chnrches. 

Dr. How was fjllowtd l>y ihe late William 
Jissor Aini3TR0X«, D.D., son of the Kov. Dr. 
Amzi Ariiistrong, of Mendhani and Bloomlield. 
Mr, Armstrong graduated at LVinoetou Coll**ge 
in 181fi ; studied theology under bi& father, and 
for a year in tlie Princeton Setuinary; and npoTt 
his licensure in 1S19 (by the Presbytery of Jer- 
sey) entered oti two yeai's^ ecrviue of the Board 
of Miffiions in Virginia, in the course of wlitch 
■ lie founded the Preahyterian Church iu Char- 
lottesville. Mr. Armstrong returned to New- 
Jersey in 19'J1, and on t!ie twenty-eighth Sep- 
tember he was unanimously electetl pastor of 
Trenton. On the twenty-aerenth November the 



tjlsHon Church of S^rirjuulj , in 1S30 PrtslJenl of DicTtlflSDn Cu^kgo ; 
bod ffabBH^n^nllj relumed to N'^v^finiiiBviGlc upon n csll to Cftlca tba 
poaUral ob^rgc of tbg TinX Iterurmed DiiLcb Church in Cbdt dt^, n-hfch 
poaiUim lieBUll occuplot. 

31* 



3go Dr. W. J» Armftrong. 



Presbytery of New-Bruns^vick, meeting in Tren- 
ton, tUe se&sioii was opened, according to a cns- 
tntn tlifn prev^iiling, with Mr. Armstrong's trial 
sermon for ordination. On the next day, 
together witli Cliarles Hodge and Peter O- Stud- 
ditord, he waa orduined, and himself installed* 
At this service Dr. Miller presided ; Rev. George 
S, WoodhuU preached, (^ Tim. 4 : 12 ;) Rev. E. 
F. Cooley gave the charge to the ministei^, and 
liev, D. Comfort that to llie congregation. The 
date of Mr. Armstrong's actual eiitr*mce npon the 
duties of the p^istoratc is October tJO, 1S21. 

During his short residence of about tn-o and a 
half yeai^, fifty-three new communicants were 
ivceived on tlieir profesi^ion, and fourteen on cer- 
tificate. 

While residing here Mr. Armstrong was mar- 
ried t") S:irah Milnor, daughter of Lucius Hora- 
tio Stockton, 

When Dr, John II. Rice was called to relin- 
qnish tlie church at Richmond, Virginia, he re- 

■ Tt iji plon=jiTil Ihiw to moot with namo^ now well hnowTi, whiln 
io the nnivriuiMiieH tif Ihtir iiovUiBle. Str. Aruiatrony; preaclwd Ht tlio 
wJiniiiion of "(\ fl Bonltj," in 1^32; and st the same meclmg of 
Presbytery wiala wtru a^ajj^iti^d lo *► itr, Albert Bamce/' " Mr. Francis 
McVurlftud" i>rertcliod hi* trial Rcruion, oLd wai ordained, "Mtaara 
Robert Bjird and Ji>hn Breckiaridgo** were licensed. 



IL. liLLJ».*JM 



^^ 



Dr. Arnnftrong- 



39^ 



coinmemleJ Mr. Ai'iiistroDg as his ftiiccesaor, and 
a call from tbut CLUigregatioii wa* put into Lis 
h»a(l!^ February 3, 1824— the same day on whicii 
one of ins saccessors in Trenton (James W, Aler- 
aiuler) was received l»y tlie Pn?9l>ytt*ry as a cnn- 
didate for the miai9try. At the followinE^ April 
meeting the pastor read to the Prealiyleiy a 
atfttement he Lad previously made to the Tren- 
ton parish^ of the reasons of lii'^ favorable iacliua- 
tion to the Iticlimoad ealL The Kev. Jared D. 
Fyler (^thcn residing in Trenton) and Joehua 
Anderson, one of tbe eldera, presented a written 
Btati^ment of tbe views of the people, expressive 
of tbcir rdnctant suhmisaion to the wishes of 
their pjLstor in the matter, and accordingly tba 
dissolution took place. 

Dr. Armstrong remained ten years in Rich- 
mond, wh*in he en tred tbe service uf the Amer- 
ican Board of Commissionei's for Foreign Mis- 
sions, first as agent, then as secretary; and it 
was on Lb passage frtjm Boston to New-Yoi^k, on 
the btisiness of the Board, that be was wrecked 
in the steamboat Atlantic, November 21, 184(3. 
The la^t serine of that catastrophe ni which there 
is any account, presents hiin reading the Gospel, 
praying with, eshortiog^ and comforting hia fel- 



392 Dr. Armftrong. 

low-passengeiB, ao loBg as the fatal event was 
delaying. 

The cLaracterUticsofDn Armstrong's preach- 
ing have been stated by two good judges. The 
'Rev. T>r. Jame9 W. Alexander wrote to the com- 
piler of his Memoir: 

*^ While he was at Trenton I ofton listened to his eer- 
motia, and there was no man v^hona at that daj I heard 
with more impression. Ilis aermoos wore carefully pre- 
pared, and were jironounced with a degree of warmth 
find emotion which are quite unusual. Mj recollection is 
vivid of his appeals to the heart, as being ofa high order, 
AVheu at a later period I was called to labor among the 
same people, I found that he had left that good name which 
is ' better than precious oijitment/ There were manifest 
tokens of his faithfulness in public and in private." 

Mr. Theodore Freliughuysen, uotv President of 
Riitgerd College, then a member of the bar, says 
in a letter in 1S51 : 

**I very often enjoyed the privilege of hearing him 
while he was a stated minister at Trenton, and the im' 
prcssiun made upon my mind, deep and unfading, was 
that of unconnnon earnesTnesR, siiieerity, and power. ITo 
commonoed in hi8 ci!m and solemn manner ; be rose wilh 
his Rubjert ; hig mind kindled and his heart warmed, as he 
discoursed ; and towards the conclusion he poured his 



Rev. John Smith- 



393 



whole soul into it, aa if he thought ha might norer speak 
agiun, and as If soma inipunitciit frieiid bcfbi'Q biia mi^ht 
never hear Again the voice of ^amhig and the mvitationB 
of merpyn"* 

The Rev. J. C. Smith, of Washington City, 
Bays : *' One of oar own elders knew Uiru aa a pas- 
tor in Trenton, and he hWses God that through 
him ho was converted to God "f 

The congregation ^as without a settled pastor 
for about twenty moatLs, wh<?ii Laving united in 
the choice of the Kev, Jon^f Smith, of Connecti- 
cut, that Eiiniater began to anpply the pulpit 
regulurly in Deceuiber, 182.^, lie was not re- 
ceived by tho Preabyteiy until the following Feb- 
rnaiT ; and on the eighth Jljirch lie was both oi"- 
dftined and instulled in Trenton. In that service 
Dn Carnalian presided, Dr, Hodge preached, 



« Momfrir and aonaaafl, HlltBd hf Kar. Mollis Ksxd, 1353, pp. 31 
tad lot A TialWr In Tranlon tbm wolo, N'ovefliber 1, 1912: '* I 
heurd Mr Ammtiinig preach a moat eli>qii«;[it nefrnuii ^^L^rilPT* niomlng. 

Jls IS (Jna o( jny ^voritaa. At nigliC l£r. L . (bo AEolhcxliit, &t«7 

^ud prtiHclier: iha OMlesi Uiilliuiltflt I «rcr begird. lUa Troutouluia 
aay ihmt ^6 Presbjt«riBns bnvg got Cbv Metbodlit preechw, mid Iho 
U«tbodbiM iLe FreaVrjifiTiaii," 

t TlifT irxoi^lioDt man lien nferred la, vaa Ur. Joor Vo0D:Ba«, vho 
WM ttdmUlcJ lo the oi>iQ amnion ia Treoton in April, 1622 j and iletrted 
B rnUDf elilBr In ]&29, Ho tmr^Atlcftll? diiwlinrg^d ibe dutleeof bis 
offioft " wall^^' imUL tbq roino7ai or hia rcaidoairo ti> WuhingtoD, b IS^S, 
wlmre be dieil Qaloijoc 28, 1S49. 



394 



Lalor. 



(I Cor. 1 : 21,) and both the charges were given 
by the Rev, E, F, Cooley, Mr. Smith wag a na- 
tive of WethcrsfielJ ; a grailuate of Yule College 
(1821) onJ of the Ajulover Theological SeniiuA- 
rfj anil a licentiai.e of the Coo gregal tonal Asaod- 
tion of Eaat-Fairfield, 

Mr> 8mith continued in thla charge less tlian 
three years, but in that time fifty-oioe persons 
made their first profession. Twcnty-sis of tljese 
were rectiived at the cominiinioii of April, 1827 ; 
two of whom afterwards entered the miniatry, 
namely, Mr. George Ely, pastor of Nottingham 
and Duteh-Nect, who dieJ August 14, 1$56, nnd 
George BiiiTOwes, D.D., paetor of Kirkwood, in 
Maryland; Professor in Lafayette College, and 
now pastor In Newtown, Penu^ylpania. One of 
eleven now communicants in April, 18'28,i5 com- 
memorated in the following inscription ia our 
church-yard : 



t 



" Her* lie tlie retaaina of JEREMi/.n D, L^lor, wlio do- 
partea iliis life Mar^jli Bill, A.D- i&4fl, ageil tliirty-two 
years. To Llio^e who knew^ liim tlic rcmcmbraDce of IiiJi 
virtuos ih the Uigbcfst eulogy of hia cfianiotor. He hud dft- 
Totoil Ulmecir to tho ecrvico of God iu tbo ministry of ro- 
conciliation, and wlion just upon the ihrosholU of Ujc 
siLored of^ca was removed ty death fi'om tht- brigliivat 



Rev- John Smith. 



39S 



prospects of asol^iEneBB, to asrvQ his Maker in another 

Some confusion ivas created d nring Mr- Smithes 
minUtry by the indiscreet, however sincere, zeal 
ia what they called thd cause of Christ, of two or 
three supei'servicealjle minister and candidntes, 
who wished to introduce those rueasarea for the 
promotion of the work of a pastor, that had, 
then B.t least, the apolngy of being too new to 
have taugtt their warning lessons. An attempt 
woa made to form a distinct congregation, and 
aepamt^ meetings were held for n time, and 
even a small building erected, which waa pnt 
into connection with the German Informed 
Chnrch; bat the Presbyterians gradually return- 
ed, and no effort was made, or probably design- 
ed, to produce a ^hiam, Mr. Smith, however, 
in August, 1S28, requested a dissolution of the 
pastoral relation, which was gi-anted by the Pres- 
bytery, and in February of the next year he wa*s 
detached from that body and took charge of a 
Congregational Chnrch in Exeter, NewJIamp- 
ahira lie has since exercised his ministry in 
Stamford and other towns of Connecticut, and 
large numbers have become united with the 
churches he has served. While resident id 



39fJ 



SocLclies. 



TreotoD, Mr. Smith was married to a daDCj^hter 
of tile late Aaron D. Woodruff, Attorney Gok- 
eral of tbe State, 



NOTES- 



I 



I. 



Diinng Dr. no\T'f< resilience in Trcnloti HGTcral Tisefhl 
public enttrpiiacs were undertakca, in which he, together 
with tLo oiJicr ministers of the town^ partiuipateci. In 
JftDUJiry, Iai7, he WM of the cQmmilti?e (nith Colonels 
Btwtty, Biijard» aud FieliughujseDj ami Mf, Win. Coxc) 
lo pr«]jftre a coiistitntion for the tfew-Jersey Coloaixatioti 
SodelT» tht^n foripccl. In 1830, the Prefbytcrinn nnd 
Episoopal clergj'uieii were aesociaicd wiLlj Sainud L. 
Southard, George ShermaD, Charles Eving, nnd otJier 
pbibnthropict ciUziiiiti, in t^nuuurLiging ihG iaatEtutioii 
af a Sayings Bunk. The eame persons Acre aoLiv« in 
founding the Apprcntieoa^ Library in April, 1321, oad 
Mr, E^ving dolivcrod a distionree in the PrcBbytcmn 
Churdh oji the Iflflt day of that year, in view of the open- 
ing of the Library on the following day, Li 1816 "TTie 
FemaJft Traet S<>cAety of Trenton" began the uai:*fnl minhi' 
try whioh it stili contimies. In 1822 the hdica of the <:©n- 
grogatiOTk formed a "Mrssiouary and Ed ucuti on Society," 
which met onco a fortuight to provide elothirg forlheolo> 
gicBl sLudGTilH and for children nt inifision slaliona, 
Whilj^l the work of the bunds wriB going od, one of the 



Aaron D- Woodruff. 



397 



ladles retwi missionary intelligence. Two upflociationa for 
tlie circulation of the Scriptures were formeil in IQ-li ; ia 
May '^TLe Apprenticoa* Bible Society," of which Wm. 
F. ShcrmaD wqb Sccrotary, and in AugUBt " The Dlbie 
Society of Delawart* Falls, AuxUlarj' to iho Ameriean 
Bible Society.'' TliB litLer wafl orgciuiKud in the Ptato 
Ilonae, and among tho epcakcrH were the lata Rer. Dr. 
Miloor, of New-York, and '^Mi', Bcthune, a theological 
Btudont." 

Oa the twenty-fourth June, IS17, died Aaho&t Dickin- 
fto>; WooDKuFK^ who had "been a TnwtL^o frocu May 4, 
IJflft. He was born Supieiuber 12, 1702; i3eliyrred the 
Valedictory at the PriucetoQ Oonimauceraent of 17TB; 
was admitted to the bur ITG4 ; was mado Attorney Gen- 
eral of thtf Stnle in 171*3, and annually ruSltated, e\cepl 
in 1811] tmtil liin death. Ha alAO served in the LogieU- 
lare. and was influontiiil in having Trenton ^t^Jected lor 
the Slnti^ cupiUil. lie was biined in the Trentuu church- 
yard, whore hia epitaph records that, 

"For twenty'foiir yeara he filled the important station 
of Atlorney-GoDcrftl with incorruptible integrity. Ad- 
verse to legal flubtli^iies^ his prcfi^S'iional knowled^ waa 
exerted in the cause of Imth and jiiHtioe. The native be- 
nevolence ol' Ills hejirt made him a patron of the poor, > 
defender ot' the ralherkfla ; it eculted in the joys, or par- 
ticipated in the eorrowa of hia tricndB*^^ 



Mr. Woodrufl^g anecoflsor was Samitel L, Sotpthaiiij, 
who aigDod the ti'ipie oath rt'^uired by the charter, (of 
altegisnce to the State, to the United States, and of lidelt- 
32 



398 



Lucius H. Stockton. 



tj 33 a trustee,) Maj 11. 1818. Until c&lled from Tren- 
ton, in IB33, to the cabinet of Preaident Monroe, h« waa 
one of tbe moat punctual and active officers of the coxigte- 
galion. He was n Manager and VicQ-Preradent of tho 
" Edncation Society of the Pr^abylery of New-Brtms- 
mok," formed in 1819, and a Vice-President in die Board 
of Trustees of the Theological Seminary at Princeton- 
Mr, Bouthflrd*tt public life aa Lct;ialator, Judge, Attorney- 
General, and Governor in hia own Slate, and sis Senator, 
Secretary of llie N:ivy, and President of the Senate &t 
Waabiagton, needa no record liere- He died in Frede- 
ricksburg, Virginia, Jnne 20, 1842, at the age of fitly-five. 
The name of Luciua Houatio Stockton having occur- 
red in thia cluipter, it deserves comioem oral ion as that of 
a prominent toembor of ihe eongregaiion and ohurob, 
Hb was a son of Richard 8Loi;klon, llie signer of the De- 
claration of Independence, and a neplicw of Eliaa Bondl- 
not. Mr, L. 11, t^tockton waa for some time Di3lrict--At- 
tomey of New-Jersey, and his nonii[iation to be Secretary 
of Wur, within a few weeka (Jan. 1801) of the oIobo of 
the adininiatration of President A<ianLs, vits one of the 
cnnvea of umbrage to !M v. Jefferson. lie died at Trealon, 
Jlay 26, 1836. Mr. Stockton vos eccentric, and a Tery 
cantcat fiolitician, but did not do^rve to be called ** a 
ctaay, fanatical young man," as Woleott wrolo-' In ft 
long series of articles in the IVenton J'hderalut of 1S33, 

* Gibbi'ri FederaJ AdmiQlfltrfitLonA, ii. iG9. la llr, Joremlc^ Erarta'a 
jDunutl at April la, 18'J';,lie uioulIousD meetlu^j iu dje Tiiwloglcal Soai< 
iDMy al PriDceloD on Ibo iUlij^^t^t of rorqlgn Miaaloru, nhoo Dr. A1bx> 
BodDr " jma followej bj Mr. Stocklon, a lawyer of Trtalon, vbo fpoJia 
with groat feeling." {rniq/'a [4Je cf Eaarta.) 




Samuel W, Stockton- 



399 



Mr. L, H. Stockton d^fonda biTna^lf iin^ bis (lecefued uncle, 
SAKrm, WiTHAM Stookton, from attauks in the Derno- 
cruLic Tnte Amtrtcan. JMr, S, "W. Stackton went Lo 
Ettropo in 1771, and was ScurGtiirj- of the AmericJin Com_ 
raisaiLin to the courts of Aagtria and FiiissiiL He nogo- 
tilled A tre^Uy with Holbnd, nnd reiunied to New-Jersey 
m ITTO, where he hold various public offieea. In 1793 he 
wiut ftQ AliienaanorTreuton; la 1794 Secretur; cf Stnte ; 
and bis monument in our church-yard recorda thai be 
died Jnne 27, 1795, {in Jiia forty-tbird year,) in conec- 
qnenes of being "thrown from hit chflTHe,"" The Rov, 
James F. Armstrong, who was *^ long on the most f-iendly 
and bti mate Ic mis with him,** preached :il his funendfrom 
1 Sam. 20 : 3. 

While Dr, How was paelor another of the prominent 
citizens of Trenton nnd members of this clmrch wne re- 
moved by deflth. Sjmlel Lea-KE was born in Cumber- 
knd connlj, Nov, 2, 1747. lie received his proparfLiory 
training in the two celebrated schoola of Kagg's Manor 
and Toqiion. The Hev. John Elair, L>r, 11, Smith, mid 
Enoch Ciraon giive him certificates, J7*j7-'J, ofprofiei^ncy 
in different branches, nnd of his high reli^cinfl charac- 
ter After teaching; three years in N'ewcuaMe, he received 
(May 1772) Icstimouialft from Thomas McKcanimd George 
Head, (two of the three Delaware signcrH of the Dcolara- 
tion of IndepeadecQC,) George Honre, John Thompson, 



■ Not maQ^ atopi from tbln mominiBnt an thoaa of twr> bmiltem, 
{X><m^\aM Aud FtiUip V. Howell.) qd ohd of which it braid ihat tht de- 
GOAsed "IflfliliLit ]iff> hj A full n-om tila JiDr9A,'^(tS0[j ami n^ thB oLtiar 
tbiLt i1ioeL»cah<1 nu ^^tlirowa (khdIll! gi^, tnd <1iod;Ti « few atioTatH,^' 



400 



Samuel Leake. 



and the ICev. Joseph Mootgdicery, Hs tfam GnUrod 
Princeton College aoil look bis Bachofor'a degree m 
Septemb^i", 1774. In iho following March Pr^-sident 
Witheri^jioou gavo a wntten (;ert[£cule of hia quollfica^oiu 
to teach Greek, Latin, and tnathematicit, to vhich bo ^>- 
pcndcd: ^* I must v\s<i 0.^*1 thai he pave parLLcular %tns/ar 
tion to Lbe English lacgiuge ivbilo hoit^, aad U probablj^ 
better aoqnftinted with its ctmctnre, propriety, and force 
than most of his years and btandiiig id Ibis country." 

Mr. Leak, howe\"er, did not resume the employment of 
teaching, hot onterod upon the study of the law, fii-at with 
lilcbaril Howell, Esq,, afterwards Goveruor of the State, 
and then with Charles Petttt, Esq.» of Burlington, and 
with their certifio;it<*a, and Ihiit of TJiomaa ^toKean, (af- 
terwards Governor of PeuDAj^lvaiua,) be waslirenned ZA an 
attornoyin November, 1776- He beg-an practice in 8alem, 
but in October, 1785, removed to Trenton, whero be par- 
aded Lis profe,ssion so suc<rosB fully as to \te abl? to r^re 
hefon? he was enft-eblcd by tigo. He puid unusual atleo- 
tion to the Rtadente In bis ofiitx; ; regulaily devoting one 
hour every day to tbeir examination. I bavc before me 
on example of bi» 9y«tcniattc ways, in a documeot eogrosa- 
ed in a large hand^ begmning thos^ 



• 



"L Be it Tomcmbered that Si^muol Loake, on SundAy^ 
the ihirlGenlh day of Oeiober, In the year of our Lord one 
thonsand eight hundred and eleven, in the PreBbyterian 
Chnroh in Trctitt>n, reoeived the Lord's SH[jper; JaTjien 
F, Armstrong then being minbter of the Gosp<^], and ad- 
minifitering the Supper in that cbnroU." 



Epitaph. 



401 



Entries in tUc flame form, with the prc»per dates, follow 
w to eacL of iho senii-anDual coiamnnioDe iifitil Octobor 1, 
1916, when the record is that, ^'Dr, Miller preaoUed the 
Action Sermon ; Dr. Aleiandor administered ihe or Jiaiioe. 
Mr. Ariustttiug was Kck aud abseut," Tlie ptiin^r con- 
tirmea to make a iormnl register of eacli atteodance ^t the 
Lord's Biipper untii it closer with that on Jauuary 2^ 1820, 
two mont^js before hifi decease. He prc^>£ired aiimlar docu- 
meiitfl for eiioh of hia daughtora as they faecarne commaiu- 
ciLntS' Mr. Leitke died on the eighth of Qlarch, 18S0, in 
his Hcvcnlj'-third year. The Supreme Court being m ae*' 
6icn at th^; time, tlio bar not only roaolvi^d to attend the 
funeral, but rooommended to their brethi'en throughout 
the Siato to wear the eusiomarj' bailge of respect. His 
e^it^tph ifi as followa : 

"Sacred to the raemoiT of Rarauel Leake, Eiquire, 
Sergeant nl Law. Diod eigliih Jiarcb, A,D. 1B20. AJi:. 
72. Educated to the Btir he attained the liigbost degree 
of einiueuoe; DLstinguishad for candor, iutygrity, zeal 
for hia clients, and profound knowledge of juriiipi-iideiicc, 
ho fulhllod tho duties ot^ hie st&tion with singular ubcI'lU- 
nssa, ' without fear and willioui roproach.' Deeply varied 
in haman lileraturo, and devoiitly studious of the words 
of sacred tnilh ; he lived the life of & ChrUiioD, and died 
the death of the righteous," 



IT. 



lu the term of Dr. Armstrong's miniatry the seaaion and 
church were painfully eoaoeroed with a piiblia affair in 
33* 



402 



Gordon — Haydcn. 



whidi one of their niemlierH was impliciited. PcTEii Gnt:- 
Do:«, Esq-, t^ho WQ3 elected an elder in MiLrcb, 1797* tmd 
ttTfuatee in ;?t pi ember, 1804,) after cigblecc ycnts' tenure 
of tiioollieo of State Treaj^nror^ waa fi:>imd to be tn tlGfftull. 
Whilo ibo matter was in oourse of investigation by tho 
Legisbtura (1B21-2) Mr. Gordou Toluutnril^ with drew 
fi-um the communion, aod from his place in ihe Besaioo, 
bat wn& restored in Jane, 1825, and tbo next iQODth took 
& cortiiicato o£ diamksioo to N*iw-Vork. 



• 



in. 



During tlie time of the Rev, JoLii Smith, two of the 
clJcra of the cburch died, 

Bekjascin llA¥i>]z>f was in lliG aQSSLon in Septeiuber, 
isou — hokv long previously to that date ean not be aseer- 
tdiicd- He was also a Trnstee from Sejttcraber, 1811, till 
his death, which took place February 28, 162", in Jiia 
tOTenty-fourth yonr. Thia TGuerable an<~1 excellent man 
left a eou of tbo Bftmo nomo, who died a member of this 
cbureb, April ll, 1838, m bis eighty-fiilb year. 

Joirx BEA.ri'v vfus n fionoftlio Rev. Oharles Beatty, the 
Bucc(!Bsor tjf Wra, Tenneiil, at Nesbamony. IIih mother 
aru a daughter of Uovenior Heading, and his ^nwd- 
thor waa of tho fiimily of CliDton, bo distinguished in 
tbe htatory of New-Tork. Mr. Boatty wa» a iiaiive of 
Buckfi county; gmdiisted at Princeton 1709; wnseducated 
in niediciue under Dr. Rnali, but entered the arnjy of the 
ItevolnLioii, where lie soon became a LitiutetAant Colond. 
Uo wns among tl)0 captured at tort Wfl^biiigtonj od the 
HudaOE, aud ailerwardfl ro«a to the rank of Major, (md 



General Beaity, 



403 



wsxi CommuAary GcDoral of prisotiDrfl,* Aflcr ih,9 
po^ce be practised medicLDs in Princ^toHf (uid was Secre- 
tary ofihe New-Jevsey Meilieal Society; l>m in 1783 and 
other years was in Congress; ia 179fl waa *>peakcr yf ibe 
State Auemblj; and from 1705 to 1905 was Secretary of 
Slalo. From May, leia, until his death, he waa Preai- 
dent of the TrcElon Banking Compftny. He ivas Presi- 
dent of the company which huilt the noble hndgn that 
unites TreoLun to his nati*'e county in PeanH3?h«nia.t 
Genernl Boatty was o TrusU-e of tlie ohuroh from 170D to 
1B04, And ogaiQ &om 183^ till bis doath. He was received 
to the communion Miiy, ISOS; ord^^ined to the elderaliip 
Sept^^mber, 181^, ^t the stime ihns with James Ewing. 
Robert McNeely, acd Joabua Acdcrflon. Chief Jimliou 
Ewing wt'Oto luB eplt&ph : 

" Sacred to the memorj of General John Deatty ; born 

* M^Jor BoflU; Lft m^tkmed by Washingtoti ia a lotl^rcfMaj. U&S, 
and bhsrc Hra lettera from ibe C«nraander in Chitt to hiio, of Itl^i, hx 
Bpit^'B Wnli'^ts »J iVriffAtiH/I^A, Y. in, TJ, 29Q, 391, 

f "She IciutiditLian Btona of Ibe first pi^r was laid by (j^npnl BflBtly. 
Uaj 31, 18(14, and Da tbe thirtJetL Jivniiarr, L^OG, tbo ccmplcliou ottbe 
bTidjfA wu fnnnally oplebnited wiili B prwewluo, ao nddraH by Ibe 
ProniniDDt, Jind a diafior. IIid Duke oT i^axf^WcijiiBr (IB25) naa '^son? 
fjr tlio ^Ht b^irrj" In vrbLob Uu had lo lake Ibc boat for FbiJhijelpbia, 
" beottiM 1 eliould Ihvo 1ik«d lo have examtnal Trenlcn ; it iaa rery 
]iaiidtOfD0 pbof. . . . Tbere la, moreafOT, fttTronloDa ramBTkablo bctdEv 
cidmLh^ the Delawore. Ti 4N)D«iias of five great (lUflptiided wnodeo 
ucdioi, which rtst upoD two Biove nbuUncDlJiiiDd tbrca stQue piom. The 
din^renEs between ibis bild^ uiiJ otIierH cx>Diin[a in tbl^ tbiL in coiii< 
muD bridges tbe roail ruDH over Ute LiD^eal, but in Ibia bridge iho 
roods Ibroj ibo ae^eut of Lhe ftrcb/' (7(uve^ f^ruyA KifTth'Amer^cOf 
fOt i. 1:16.1 




404 



SarnmcrfielA 



December 10^ 174n : died M&y 30, ISZS. Educated aa a 
plLjsician, lie became early diatluguisbed fur b«uevo)once, 

aasiduJtjs Olid sk^h. In. the vmt of Independence^ ia ito- 
portanl miUtftry fllations, he fixithfiiliy flcrred his country. 
Bj- the public voice be was called to the dischaT^& uf emi- 
nent civil ofQccs. In ibo State and imtiona! Legislatnreft 
repcntedly a represPQlJitive, always activi^ anO iiiiluvJitiiJ- 
For ijiauy years a ruling eider of Ihifi churcli. In every 
walk of life amiable, honorable, stid nscful. He crovned 
the virtues of the man, the patrioti^ni of the Boldi«r, Rnd 
the sagacity <tf tbe Btatosman by the pure piety and sin- 
cere relk^ou of the ilevont mid humble CliristJaD," 



Colonel Erkuriea Beatty, cf Princeton, waa a brotlier of 
Cron, BoaLty, and father of C. C. Beotty, DJJ., of Stoo- 

benrille, 

IV. 

In the snmniorof 1&21 the Rct, John Siimnicrfieid, tbe 
Eaglisb MQthodiBt preacher whose visit to this country 
produced an impresaiou still vividly retained by many of 
his hearers^ pa.S9ecl a few dnya in Trenton^ and occupied 
llie PresbyLerian pulpit foi two auc;cessive eveniiJg.'i. Ab- 
litracCa of boti; hia sermons are g^ren by hia latest biogra- 
plier, who waa one of the large audienoe thai crowded tbe 
ehurtili, lia flaya ; '* llr, Summerfield received tlie most 
marked attention from every cl(w* during his brief stay in 
Trenton ; and though aufiering all ibe while from sicknaas, 
(ibr ho wna allocked tho day ai\er his arrival.) he slrovo to 
outertain and edify the various company that sought tia 
socJetyJ' ''A A"*w Zi/c u/ ^ummsrjUid, by William W< 
"Willeti." Philadelphia, 18S7. 







James Ewing- 



405 



Tho most notable public event of 1324 wm the tibH of 
General Ltitayettc tu tlic United Statca, In hia tour he ar- 
Tivod in Trenton on Saturdoy, the twenty-fifth of Sop- 
leniber. Next morning lie attended pablic worahip in onr 
chiiruTt ; afterwards* he visited Joaeph Bonaparte at Bor- 
dentown^ and retunifd to Sfiend the night, lie break- 
iaated here again July 10, 1825, 

Preeidont Monroe, (who was wounded in tbo battlfl of 
Tronton,) on hta tonr of 1817, an-ived Lero on Saturday, 
Jiin4j Heventh] and attended worship the next day in tlie 
Prealiyterian Chnrch, 

James Ewrxii, futber of the Chief JHstlee, and the tentli 
child ef Thomas and ^livcv Ewiog, (p. 303,) f rst came to 
Trenton na a rcprcacntativc of CuraberlHiid couoty, jq tho 
Legialatnro in 1771, and remorod his rcsidcnoe tbcre in 
1770, He was nfterwarda, andor Congress, Auditor of 
Puhlio Accounts, OcmLuiiaHionor of Lho CoiiLinental Loan 
OJ^eo for New-Jcraej, and Agent for PncflouA- He was 
Mnvor of Trenton, 1797-1803, For somo years be woa a 
partner of [saac ColUna (p. 32a) in merchmidifle, and there 
ifl a letter of condolenee from Idra to Mr, Oollini*, on the 
death of h'la wife, in ihv Memoir of Mr. C, He was one 
of the founders of tho Library aad the Academy. He 
■was a corporator, commissioner, and eeeretnry of tho 
Socielj incorporated Mareh 15, 1706, to xnako the Asaan- 
pink navigable from the '* Trenton Mills '' to " the place 
ivbere it intersects the stage road irom Biirlinglon to 

" "Apji^ I'oflltw divla qtu nooa snMiLdlmDa data Vogiiao Prcsbjt^ 



4o6 



Jofeph Lancaftcr. 



Amboy;" and JoLiMleas waa In the company wlio on the 
third Kebnmry, 1707, deHCcndod Ibo oi'epk in tto boat 
Hope, from '' David a town j" where iJie upper lock wm 
situaUid, to Trenton, in tliree hours, Aod so opened one 
half ofthe propossd line of uavigiition,* Mr. EwUig was 
elected a Traatee of tlie church September 5, 1S09, And 
ordained nn cldtr September 21, IGIT, He eoDtinucd in 
both offices until his doatU, which took place October 23, 
J823. In accordance with hU known objections to tho 
practice, no stone vas plaaed to mark the spot of hig in- 
terment, which WHS m our churoli-yard. 



VI. 



* 



It may be placed among the miKcellaueouft items of 
]823» that on the fbiirLeeiith Jnly the church was sT^ruck 
with lightning; but tho conductor anawered ita pnqioae 
ao well that no mischief waa done beyoi^d the sbattoriDg 
of ft few panes of glafie. 

In October, 1827, the oelobrated JoaEpn Tjancaftkb 
established Jiia residence here, and opened a acbonl. In 
the nex:t ye;ir a girls' school was taoe;ht by Mrs, LancM- 
ter. Pot a quarter the pnblic achoola were under their 
joint direction. Their contract was to teach eighty child- 
ren for one year, and supply booke and Htationer}% tbi" two 
himdreil and peventy-five ilollars. 

In October, 1828, the Synod, meeting in Trenton, ooit- 
ed in a general convcntioD, which assembled in ttkC oharch. 



* It mey bnvo I»9d h revvni ofthla tcfaomD that wu aODtampIatod la 
iruveiDlHjr> IfiHt "Uvd a pubHn mwtluH yua laU^d lo Ibna fta MModji' 
tioD " to mipplf tbfl town wlih art-wood bf wittr." 





Mrs, Mary Dunbar- 



407 



Cliief JiiBtice lurkpatrick prosidiag, and tbo preBcnt CLief 
Justice Green b^ing Secretary, A project for raisiog forty 
tliouHond dollars in tvro ycjira, for erecting sol^ooUhousea 
ami supjiljing teachers aiicl inisslonarion througli iLe 
State, was recommend cd^ as were «lso %ht oljects of llic 
"General Sabbath UnioTij** llio ATHcricon Tctnpcrancu 
Sodoty, ami tho Suuday-achool eotorpriae. lu Novom- 
ber, 1B17, a con ven lion met at Treat on and formeil aStato 
Society Tor t^ie aiipprcsaiou of vice and the promotion of 
good morata, prlaclpallT by^ aiding tho civil authoritiea in 
escouting tbo laws, and by diflufung a knowledge of tbo 
Btatatea and tbeir penalties. 



Copjr of on inscription on a atone In tbo pnvemcrt of 
tbe cbiircb porcti : 

**To perpetuate tlic inemorj and iLe modeaL wortti of 
Mia, Mahv Din^BAB^ tbia marble ie placed over Lcr grave, 
a tribute of Xha grateful aDd aflootiona'te remcmbi'unce of 
her pupils, whcim for til recBUCceswvegonGraiions as sehool- 
miiire^s gbc bad tangbt in tbia city. Kver attentive to 
the pious nurture of bcr pupils in private, and to tbo du- 
ties of religion In public, abe eloacd an eicmplary and 
useful life, December fi, A-V. 1 BOB : aged 7C years." 



Jasies W. Alexander, D.D. — John ^, Yeo- 
MAN3^ D.D, — Jom^ H\T.T,j D.D. 

1829—1869. 



TtiB successor of Mr. Bmith waa the Iler. 
James Waddel Altcxander ; who graduated at 
the PriDceton College in 1820; entered the 
Seminary 1821; was licensed 18^5; installed at 
Cljarlotte Court House, Virginia, 1837, and over 
the Trenton Churcli, February 11, 182y, On 
the last occasion Dr. A. AJesojider presided, Dr. 
Miller preached,'(Matt 4:19,) Rev. Eli FXooley 
and Henry Perkina gave the charges. 

The services of this pastoreliip hegau January 
10, 1820, and terminated, October 31, 1832; 
duriug which peritxl fifty-one new cotntnuDioants 
were received, and thirty others on certificate, 
Dr. Alexander having complied with a reqtieat 
which I matJe of all the ex-pastors flurviving at 
the time of preparing this volume, for snch remi- 
niscences of their residence here as would come 




Dr. Alexander's Letter, 



409 



witbin the scope of my wort, I gladly in<5Qriiorate 
his letter iu tbia stage of the Darrative " 

"Ne^--York, Fobrujiry 10, ISS9. 

"Mt Dear FmnstJ : The rBtrDsjiect of m/ mirjiate- 
rial life Lriuga to viuw »Q many defects, aud aueh unfruit- 
fuluesa, that I have never "been able lu take pleaauie in 
mil inhering Dp ai^rmoDs preached, vbila madci nnrl luem- 
bore added ; not hnvo I any aomveteary or antobiograjibi- 
cal diaeouriea to ivhicif I could ri?fi"r. At your reqneel, 
howevor, I can not refuse to giva you % few reminisoeiJCGg 
cf my conneclioD with the church of wliich yon ore the 
paster. 

"A great intimacy subsisted between my father and our 
predeceft»or, the Rev. JA»t8 F. Akmsthong, and tbo 
fnendahip between tbeir ro^jiective descendants continues 
to thia day* Mr, Armstrong liad been Uie friend vf With- 
erspoon, Smith, and Ktilbck. He was laid aside from 
preftrhiug, by n disabling and distrcsbing rheurnathm, be- 
fore I ever entered bia deligbtfal and hosjjItabiG houBC — 
riob in good boota, good talk, and gvod cbeei- — wherL* old 



* Tbenilms«JdeT9duritjg Mr. Atarandflfi tenn tien-. ]. NAmjUt7Et. 
Bv^bJivna; £nl aa dder ia PenTiiD^tfpD. tutd received iuLo UieTfonUa 
Kvaion DtcemhCT ?4, ^ti\b. HLi rrcnimvtit islnncribetl : "A memoral 
of Natlianiol Burruwca, who died Jnauary fli^, IB3l>, aged aereatjMjoo 
y«i™. AnddoTof iho PresbyEtriau C'liiircb rorfurly jcbth," 3. Rqiibhp 
UoNuirY, vlio »Tno to TrantOD in 1791, va ordaLtiod I0 tliQ ddor- 
Ablp laiTi U*od Jaaunrj 27, ISM, in hii debty-llfLb jeer Ho was for 
eL|i;hl«iQ iucceuiva yeufl »Tiaat]j elednt U^jnr of Trvohja 3- Jooh 
YKPaasa, vho lb mouLioTicii in the proadinf cbftpter. 4. QAMXmu 
BSUBLiY, «leeted witb Ur. VuurbeEH !□ I&2B, uid difrd May }7, IfliS. 

as 



4io Reminiscences. 



and young were alike made \veIcome and liappy. But 
tills brought me acquainted willi Trenton, with that fiimi- 
ly, aod especially willi Chief Juslice Ewisg, by whose 
means and influence, more than any other, I was after- 
wards led to settTement among them. The ihmily of Mr^ 
afterwards Judge, Ewing, was the home of my childhood 
and youlh ; which led that dietinguiahed and excellent 
man to look upon my early performauces in the pulpit 
wJlh undue partiality. By him, and by the lalo General 
S.iML^rL 11. KAJtiLTON, who was^a Priuceton man, my 
name u-aa brought before the congregation, and I was in- 
Btnlled a*! their paator, by a committee of Presbytery, on 
the eleventh day of February, 1S2Q. 1 had, however, be- 
gun my luboi'ci with them on the tenth of January, when I 
preached from 1 Cor. 11 : 2S. My strictly l^astoral labora 
ended on the fast day of October, 1832, when I preached 
from l'>,ekii'l 1G:01, C2 ; though I continued to supply 
the pnlpit until the end of tJie year. My term of settle- 
ment niay therefore be called four years. Tho records 
of the Church- session will show the number of accessions 
to the communion of the church i these were few. Theni 
was nothing like a revival of religion diirhig my contin- 
uance with them, and it was cause of p.-unful thought 
to me that my labors were so little owned to the awaken- 
ing of sinners. Neither am I aw.ire that there was any 
remarkable addition to the number of hearers. But the 
pcojiio weie furbearing and aflectionatc towards their 
young and inexperienced minister, who for most of Iho 
time was feeble in health, and was subjected, as you know, 
to some unusual aillictbns in regard to his early children. 
" l[i those days we worshipped in the old church, which 



Elders. 



^11 



WM eufficiontly i^rtpoclousj vAih ooo of the ol(]-timo high 
pulpita, Tbe ron^n>[;ntian hail heen trained to habit« of 
roTimrknblt' junrtiirtMty nn*l nltention, NotwiThstflniiing 
aome iuromlt^ of new measures during llie prpviooA period, 
orKlcr Ibe labors of % ao-called EvangelJut, the church wm 
■s sound an(\ Blaii a J'rG^hvtonan body 5^ I havo ever 
ee«u. It comprif^ed wumo excellenl nnd expcricoced 
Christ,uinfi, Btid nmongr theso the Tfllnod eidera whose 
nam^s jou hnvt? ri?c^i>t Jnil. Good Mr. ^^n^Xt-dy was slow 
but BTirc; an ujiriglit lUiiTi, of mure kindness than !ippoA,r- 
Od At fint ; cf liUlo vivncity, and no leaning towards risks 
Of innovation, Mr, Vo orb C03 and Mr. ?SamueI Broflrli^y 
Cftlbe later into the segsion ; bolhj in my judgment, judi- 
cioiiJi nnd godly mt^Tr Mrs. AR«STnosG, the venerable 
rcUcL of the pttslor iir*t Hjimod, *3oc9 unl belong particu- 
larly to my part of iLe uarrative, except tbal sbe cliose to 
ttOTl nie^with iho regard of a mother for a son- She vm 
then m health and atron^h, and liv&d to othibit a di^jni- 
fiod, serene, nnd beanliful old age. Having como of n 
diHtifi^iifthed Gimily, the Liviog^tcns of New-Yorli, she 
never ccasvd to j^uthcr around her fireside sonio of thtf 
mofit dc^nnt and cullivatsd Booioty. Her ootivereatiotij 
though (juioTj was in^tmctive, tnmmg often npon tho 
heroes ofths Rtvoluiion, She was, I thuih, at Pj'incoton 
duriug the battle; indeed ahe was a oaUre of that town. 
From thAt excellent family I received attpport and cocouf 
agciinpntofiLc most neofid and delicate ItmdjduriTrgalirao 
of maaifold trials. My term of service was marked by no 
striking oiit'fnul ovoi^ta, no grcnt enlargement, ^rdif^mont, 
ordJHoatcr. The lungsuQeringofGwl wan great lownrdBa 



^12 



J^imes Pollock. 



timii] and oHen iliKheartenecI servant,who remeTiil>ers Uie 

Period vith miQglud tliankfulncBa and UumHialioti. 

" At tbi9 time the Trenton cbnrcli cottUJned some ex- 
cellent spccimeDfl of aoliti, inatniotcd, old ficbool Prosby- 
tt>HaQL»nL £ shall never forget the lesMooa whbh it vraa 
my pTJvilege to receive from nged aufl experienced Cbris^ 
i&oa, who must oftoEi huvo looked w'iih wonder und [aiy 
on tbe young ministor who uadcrtook the responsible 1«flk 
of guiding them. The djiog acenea which a pastor be- 
holds hi his vurly years roaka a deep iiupresaion; und I 
recall somo which werp very eJitying^ and whicli attested 
the power of the doctiineA wbit^h had been tnculcntej. 
Among my luoat valued parishicm-rA was a man m homble 
life, who hiiH lately gone to his rust, I mean Jaubs Pol- 
lock. At a Iftler day ho was most wisely maile an older. 
At that thne he lived in n. smnll hou^e on Mill Hill, and 
worked jw a dyer in oue of tLe woollen -foctories on iho 
Asaanpiakp Flis figure was aouiewhat bent, and his hands 
wore dwayft blue, from the colors naed ia his trAdo. But 
hia eye was pieroinf^ and eloi^nenl ; his cjounteoanc© would 
shine like a lantern from the light within ; and the flame 
of his strong and impassioaeLl thought made his discourse 
aa Interesting fts I ever hcflrd froiu any man< lie liad the 
testa of Scripture, na many Scotchmen have, at his tinger 
ends, And could adduce and apply passages in a moat nn- 
axpecled manner, TIi© great Scotlish writers wore (kmi- 
liar to hitn. I think bin favorite ntjiii8pired voltiTne wa« 
Rutherford** "Christ Dyin^' and Drawing Sinnei-s to 
Himself.'* 1 lent hjni Calvin^s Instilutea, whioh he re- 
turacd with exprefiuona of high admlrutiou for J/r. C'nui- 



PoUock, 



4>3 



*p? 



Hb acquaintance with iho r^fformntion history of 
ij? native ItinJ^ in both its p;j'eat periculs, waa r^mnvtable, 
being fluch as would hjivo iIomo ero^lJt to any Jcftrned 
cltTgymnn. Uiiliko ra:iny who resemblcil him in attain- 
ment, Mr. Polloi^k was inwardly aud deqily aEt^citeil b^ 
the tnitlis M'Lich he knew. - His speech ^aa alvvjiya Bc:i- 
floned with snHi and 1 deemed it a mean* oF grnco to 
listen to his ardent and continuous digoourao. Ho waa 
(sePLainly a great Ifilkev, tnu without asanmption or any 
earying of competent hfiirers. IIU dialect was broad^ 
weBl-«o[mlry Scotch, for lie was from Belth, in Ayrshire; 
and wiiile I was resident his aeuse of the peculiarity kept 
him from praying in tho meetings, though none conid 
othovffiso hare been more aceepltvhlo. Having from my 
childhood been nsed to Scotch Presbyterians, and know- 
ing how eome of the narrower among them will sticklafijr 
every pio of the coveuaiitei tabemaele, and eveiy shred 
aod token, as if oiilaiacU in thtj decalogue, I wna both 
fqrpriacd and dolighted to observo ho\r large-minded Mr. 
Pcilloyk was, in respect to every improvemeotj however 
dillerent from t!je ways of lib youth. £ have wltneased 
bis faith diinn^ grievous illncssea, and I rejoice to know 
that hp was enabled to give a clear dyiof; testimony for 
tho Ucdoomer whom ho lovad, Suoh are tlie men who 
are the glory of onr Piesbyterian ohurchea. 

'' During the term of my incuiobeocy it is remarkable 
that the two persona who had most icfincncc in congro- 
gatiotial afl'Lxirs were not communjoants, though th&y were 
closely tonneoted with all that occurred ia the church j 
the^e were Chief Jngtice Kwisc; and Mr. SorrnAno, after- 
vards Seerelary of the Kavy> It deaerreH io be noted, 
33* 



414 



ChietJuftice Ewing. 



among tho traits of & Presbytcrianiara wHcb in paaaing 
owny, that Judge Kwing, ae a baptised member of tb« 
churoli, olwuys pleadod Lis righls, and dncc in n public 
meeting iltti^Ured hiinst^lf ameiiiible to the iliscipUnc of 
clmrJi courts, (Discipline, cliap. i. § page 40fi,) Tlicre 
ifl good reason to bcUcvc tbot he was a subject of renev- 
ing graoo loog before hia last iUncss in 1932, Dnrin^ tliis 
bnef period of gaffeiing be mado & dlatinct and Wucliing 
avGwnl of Itis f:L]tb in ChrisL 

" JudgQ Ewiiig ia justly reckoned among iLe greatoat 
oraaraenlaof the New-Joraey bar, Hia aequdntance witb 
his own ticparCracnt of knowledge waa both cxtcnsiToand 
profound, closely resembling Ibal of Iho English bUok- 
letter lawyers, who at ibis moment have as many imita- 
tors at the NewJersey bai"M anj where in America, He 
w&a euiLDeotly conacTratire iti Cbtirob and Slate \ punctu- 
al in adherence to rule and precedent, incapable ot being 
lod into any vagariea, sound in Judgment^ lenaoioiia of 
opinlor, indefatigable in labor, mid incormptibly honost 
nnd honorable, flo us to be proverbially cited all over tbe 
State. In a very remarkable degree be kept himself 
nbreast of the general literature of the day, and was erea 
lavish in regard Lo the purchase of books. He wns a truly 
elegant gonilonmn, of the old school ; an insimctive and 
agreeable companion, and a bonpitable entertainer. Ha 
deserves to bo named in any record of tlie cburcb, for I 
am perfluadcd that there va3 no hnraan being to^'homila 
interests were more dear. As tbe u^arm and condoaosDd- 
ing friend of my boyhood and youth^ be baa a grau^fu] 
tribute from my revDring affection. 
** In one pailiciilar tbo people of Trenton were morfi 




Dr. F. A. Ewmg, 



4iS 



observant of oor Form of Governmept (ecc chop, xii.) Ihan 
is oommoD. Wbcn from any cnuso tbcro wv no one to 
prcaob, tho Bomeo wfw neverlLelofia carriod on by thff 
c^KI&rs, fl(N?orJing lo the book, and a strEiioii was read_ 
The reaJiir on tlifse ocpa^ioiiH was always Mr. Ewing, and 
the iliflcourHfl wliioU be Belected wm ftlwaj^s one of Wither^ 
Bpoon^a ; Lhe cLoico in both caaca being ylgmficant. I 
ti&T4i often baen led to contddor how mueh better ttda is, 
for instance in country congregationa, thnn the rambling 
sway to bear some ignorant bannguer, perhaps of an 
erroneous sect* or the lialening to a frothy fxbortation 
from aome £?aloua and forward brother, without gitla and 
without aiUhonly. 

*'- The mtme of Dr. Fhaxcis A. Ewiwa, son of iho Chief 
Justice^ nnturitlly ocqiji-h Lo onr thotiglita here. Spiice 1^ 
not allowed for that extended notice which nught else- 
where be proper, for the Doctor^a was a chnrncUr well de- 
florvLDg close etudy. Though a profeafiional man by title, 
he wna in fnct and of choice touch more a msui of letters 
and a i'i.*diiHu Atudent of Heicnoc. Hi« :ittainm^ntH wore 
large nod accurate, though made lu an irregular way, and 
tbough he never seemed to others to bo studyic^f at afl. 
In the olossioal laognageB, in French, in the natural ecion- 
cefl, and in all that eoneems elogani literature and the fins 
*rt», he waa dngnlarly fuU and aoaumta< Tn mattorn of 
taste he was cLtltivated, correct, luid almost Jriaticlioufi. 
Mnslc waa his delight, and he waa equally versed In the 
fioiecoe and the art* It wm atlor tho torm of mj pastor- 
fihiii that he developed hia skill ae au orgatiist, but at a 
mueh earlier day he devoted himftelf for year* to the gra- 
tuitone iuatruotion of the choJr ; and though 1 Imve heard 



4i6 Samuel I^ Southard 



many noted precentors, I ciai remember none wbo hnd 
greater power of adaptation and eipreaaion. Though hia 
own voice was sleDder and unmTttuig, he long made his 
influenee felt in rendering aJl that waa musical subaemeDt 
to the spirit of worship. 

"Dr-Ewing professed bia fiuth in Christ during my 
years of ministry. ilJs eariy religious exercises were very 
deep and ecarehiDg, and the change of his affections and 
purposes was marked. He had peculiarities of tem- 
per and hahit which kept him much aloof from general 
society, and thus abridged his intinence. His likes and 
dislikes were stroikg, and if he had more readily believed 
the good will of others towards himself, ho would liave 
been more useful and more happy, X should sin against 
truth if I did not say that towards mo he was for forty 
years a warm^ forbearing, tender, aud at times most effi- 
cient friend. I have been with him at junctures when it 
was impossible not to detect, through aQ his extraordina- 
ry reserve, the workings of a heart agitated and swayed 
by gracious principle, 

" Samuel L, Soutiiaed was also a member of the con- 
gregation, and a friend of aU that promised its good. 
T^ore sprightly and versatile tiian Mr. Ewing, ho resembled 
a tropical treo of rapid growth. Few men ever attained 
earlier celebrity in New-Jersey. This perLips tended to 
produce a certain character which showed itself in good- 
natured cgotisjn, JVIr, Southard was a man of genius and 
eloquence, who made great impressions on a first inter- 
view, or by a single argument. He loved sodety, and 
shone in company. Ilia entortainmcuts will bo long re- 
membered by the associates of his youth. It is not my 




Elders. 



417 



- 



province tO »peak of bis great effbrta .it tbo liar ; he wjis 
always namod allcr Stoekton, .lohDfloci} and Ewiiig, and 
with FreJinghiiyaen, Williamson, WlwU and iheir coevafa. 
Having been breil under tho discipline of Dt. Pinloy, at 
Ba8kiTigridg{»r ha was tborougbly versed id Pre^liyleriaa 
doctrine and ways; loving and preferring thia bi-ancli of 
tlio Ciiurch to tbc day of his deatli. Defection from ita 
mtktcs gnve hira Huicero ^ri<jf, ta I am ready^ more largely 
to attest, if need be. In those ditr^ of bia pnm*', Mr. 
Scuttiard wan greatly under tbe Ealutary iiillueuuu of 
the Chief JuAtioe, wLo was bia Mentor ; I tbink be felt 
tbc loM of tbJB great man in aomc importnnt points, ^ 
earnestly and even tenderly did he yiold himself to diviae 
impreawons, that his friends conrtdenily expected tbnt lie 
wonld hei'onie a irainmunirant. During tbls pariod be 
was an anlunt advijcate of the Temperance Society, thon 
in ilB early Atage, I rerrtember attctidbg a meeting at 
Lawreneoville, m company with my learned friend, the 
firesent Chief J list ieo, whoi-e Mr, SoiUhnrd, following Mr. 
Frelinghuygen^ made an impa^irtned aildn^HR in favor of 
abfltineiice and the pledj^e. In regard to religions tlitiga, 
the change to Washington did not tend to increased 
floleinnity or acnil, 1 have been informt'd that Mr. Jioulh- 
ard foil the deep iinpreaeion of divine trnth at the close 
of hia days. Aa a young miniBltr, l received fram Uim 
the aflectionate forbearance of an elder brother, and T 
ahall always cherish his memory witb lovo, 

" Before closing Ihia hurrU-d letter of rominificcnees, let 
me nolo that the rnling eldera dnring my drjy were 
Robart Mt^Neely, NaLhamel Bum>wes. Jobn Voorhees, 
and Samuel Drearky, all good and belicTitig men, and oU 



4l8 The Rices. 



gone to the other world. The Trnstees were Messrs, 

Rose, Chambers, Eiring, Burroughs, and Fiah ; of whom 
likewise all are gone, eiccpl my esteemed friends, Messrs, 
Burroughs and Fish, 

'* Before taking my pen from the paper, let it be per- 
mitted to mo to give expression to a feeling of personal 
regard to the late Mrs. Rice and her iUmily, under whose 
roof my years of early ministry in Trenton were passed. 
She was a woman of » meek and quiet spirit, and waa 
honored and hcloved, during a long life, for the benignity 
of hor temper and the kindlioess of her words. Juliette 
llice, her daughter, waa a person who in some circum- 
Htances would have become distinguished. To sincere 
piety eho added more than uaual culliTation, delicacy of 
taatCi rclinoment of manners^ and a balance of good quali- 
ties which eluvated her to a place among the most accom- 
plished and even tlie exclusive. T7nderlhe disadvantage of 
adeafnewa almost total, and a pulmonary disease which 
^S ' slowly wasted her away, she raanifeated a sweeJ, nncom- 
planiing disposition^ and a steady faith in Christ. Amidst 
the kindnesses of these good people I spent the first inontlis 
of jny married life^ and welcomed the tender mercies of 
God in onr firs^l>o^n son, long since taken to be with tlio 
Lord. 

'*Thus I end my rambling letter, (which, by the-by, is 
only the last article of an epistolary series extending 
lliroiigh forty years,) and am, as always, 
"Your faithful friend, 

" Jamks W. Alexa>t>er. 
"ThcRev. Dr. IIaliJ* 



.1 



Dr, Ycomans. 



419 



I'Vir iieaT'ly two yeai-a nft«r Mr. Aleiander'a 
removftl tlie pnlpit \vaa supplied by transient 
ministers. Amnng thase wlio were most fre- 
quently engaged were the Rev. Asfthel Nettle- 
tou and Truman Oaboni. The minutes of Pres- 
bytery for 183-1 and 1S35 show that efforts were 
then proposed by some of the congregation for 
enlarging the means of religious inatniction, 
either by employing ac E^^angelist nr the erec- 
tion of a Free Church. An '* Evangelical Socie- 
ty" hftd been formed which sustained Mr. Oa- 
bom as a missionary in Trenton^ MoiTisville^ and 
Millham, bat after hia departure, rmil the settle- 
ment of a pastor, things gradually returned to 
their old channel. 

On the sixteenth March, 1834, the li^v, 
Bymmea C Ilenry^ of Cranbnry, was chosen 
pastor, bnt ho declined the call. On the sixth 
of June following, the Rev. Joutr Wcluam Yeo- 
MA.?I» was elected, beiug then pastor of a Congre- 
gational Church in Pittsfiuld, Maasachuaetts, 
Dr< Yeomans is a graduate of Williams College, 
(1S34,) aud of tht? Andover Seniinnry, He was 
duly received by Pi-esbytery, aud on the seveuth 
October, 18^4, was installed. In that service 
the Rev. David Comfort presided^ the Hev, J. 



420 Chufdi of 1840- 



W. Alexmder preached, (from 1 Cor- 11 : 1,) 
and Drs. B. H Rice and A. Alexander gave tbe 
cfaat^;e9. The actual ministry of Dr. TeomaDS 
10 to be dated from September 11, 1834, to Jnne 
1, 1841j when he entered on the Preddency of 
lAfayette College, FennaylvaniA. To his energy 
and influence not less than to the enterprise of 
tbe congregation is owing the erection of the 
commodiona cfaoFcb which is now occupied by 
the congregation. The corner-stone of the new 
building was laid May 2, 1839, and services were 
held for the first time on the Lord^s day, Jan- 
uary 19, 1840* On the afternoon of that day 
Dr How preached, and Dr. A. Alexander admin- 
istered the Lord^s Supper. On that occasion also 
three elders and three deacons were ordained.f In 
the evening tbe Rev, J, W. Alexander preached. 

* The praoedlDg structures stood upon tbe v«Mern part ortbe dinrdi 
lot The [n'esenb one wu placed Ln the ceatral part The dimeosioiu 
sre one huodred uid four feet l€«xgtb ; eJx^-tvo feet broadtfa ; sweple odb 
hundred uid tven^ Jvet. Dr. Teomuu' dedioitioa sarmoD wu poblished. 
For Ihs TBiy eocunte and utifltic Bkelch or the church from which tiia 
froDtlsplen wu engnTod, I un Indebted to the kindnMs of Mr. J. 
7Lm;uia Btuet, of the Nomul School 

f The eldon were JAtfU Pou/kk^ Aabom A. HurcHivsoNf uA 
FrajioiB a. Kwfjflo, U.D, The deacoos wera Jobv A. HnrcBursoN, 
llJUJiuiH &. DfBDBOW, and Jobeph Q. Bbei^blsy. 

Id t}]B year 1B3(J TnouiB J. SiBTKaa and Stact C. Potto were 
eleoted and ordaioad eUen^ 



Rev, Dr, Webfter. 





421 



In the Api-il of 1S37 a cbnrch was oi^anized 
by a committee of Presbytery in Bloomsbury, 
then a suburb of Trenton, anJ the place of wor* 
ship was the biiilJing elected by those tvho fol- 
lowed the Rev. Wm, Boawell in Lis secession 
from the regular Baptiat denotnination, and 
which woa vacated npon hia death in 1633. 
This mission was tliligeiitly conducted for a year 
by the Rev. Charles Webster,* beginning on the 
eecond Sabbath of 1837, and wo^ then suspend- 
ed until the present ** Second Church " of Tren- 
ton waa formed there. 

Dr. Yeomana had a seat in the General As- 
sembly of 183T, when the decisive aetg ivere 
adopted which resulted in the division familiarly 
known as the Old School and New School — the 
latter portion forming a diatinct organization- 
No diatarbance was produced in the Trenton 
congregation by thij^ revolution; with entire 
unity it remained in the ancient fraternity of 



* '^T preached in tha chumh," iayH Ur. Webater in a leCtRr written »t 
mji' TOquoat, " in tbo moraiog and erouuig; id tbe afleraooiL attended 
the SHbbalL'ticbottl. Ouoe b tacutli I tooli mj turn at preaclimg la the 
StBtD priBOD Bud vistiiif thA colli- Odg eToninf b tho ncok 1 lectured 
at piivaLe I]uils«b In Bli»qinburF, LnmbertDPt uf Uill ClII^ and qccbbidii' 
aUjr «t MorrUvillQ (oa tba FQtiiiAjil/iiaia uite of tbo ir«UTAre) In tba 
aftHbooo." 

84 



422 



Dr. Yeomans' Letter. 



tbe cliurclies of the New-Brunswick Preshyterj', 
In tlie letter written at iny solicitation^ Dn yeo- 
mans, after mentiouing aeparately tbe eldera 

already introrluced in tLis cliapter m composing 
tbe eesgioE of his time, thus proceeds ; 



*^Aa thuQ constituted^ tUe session was lq all reapcots the 
most intercatirg one I have ever knowr. It waa n great 
plea»urG aad bc^ntfltL to h\i with Ibem in our IVcqticut 
meetings, (sometlmea Ltild every weet,) I remember 
lliOHC brethren with grnteful respppt and love, and for 
their services in the Church can ccDimend tLeni^as I have 
alviiys doue, fur an exaiople. 

" Tlio orootion of the now honae of wcrabip waa an in- 
teresting oce^ion for tbiit oongregaliun* llie whole pro- 
cess was oondnuteJ in a manner and spirit unu^uaHy com- 
mendahk\ The iiou^royatiozi feU the ftWiikening enlcr- 
priae of their yenerable city, artel tlje moment the bosbcaB 
of the place showed si^s of reTiral, they were ready to 
ooDduet Iho motioa into thrar measurea for rcJigioafl 
improvenienl- The building of the ehurch talrly led the 
way to tho oonatrLie.tton of LusU-ful nrohiiectnre in the 
place. The Court-EIouse yviis buitt at the same tinje, bnt 
the draft of the Chnrch helped to determine the form of 
that 3 an-l the row of oottapoB beyond the canal, and aoroe 
other honfhome dwellings which followed in the coiirae of 
improvHment, were built by the men who came there to 
build the chiirdi. 

*^1 ah»IL never forget the Gcrdial and eameat way tha 



Reminiscences, 



423 



l^twteee And othei's of tho ooDgrcgatlDit, and indeed UiQ 
whole body, ougngcd in llio ^pork. I havo Hcarcely 
known a people who resolved to nppropriate so mucb to 
tliLi election of a Louse of woraliip in pi'ojiortion la tlieir 
meftus at the lime. They went llirougli the work witli- 
Otit oae case of personal dUftfTection narisiag oat of their 
procoedjiigs, and their zcsl and labor hnve aioce proved n 
greatp bleeBuig to them and to othcirri< It i& aho a gratili' 
cation 10 remember the hai-mony and energy with which, 
when tliey goi n-ndy, they [mil cW Ihe debt; and with 
what liberality they have supported their minister, and 
contributed to the extension of Cbrirttiniu iufluence in their 
growing and imporlnnt city. I consider Ihu hiatory of 
that honeo of worsbip^ ffom first to Inst, n very great 
oreiiit to the congregation- 

" We had during my miniatry there no oocnaion wliioh 
Wlfl wgnalized as a revival. Tlic accessions to full com- 
mimioa were, if I liglitly remember, more or less al every 
flaeramentaJ celebration of the Supper, Sometimes, per- 
Imps the records will show, Iwemy or thirty in a year; 
perlmpH even on a single ocrrijiimi tweni-y.* 

'' It was probably one of the deicota in my labors there, 
that they were attended with po few striking rcenlla, 
Bnt mauy txre fa.c mora decisive thaa I am inoliuod to ho, 
in aiming at the kind of awakenings which are fre^iioci 
in aunie parts of the Chnreh, and piiblished with ^o nmeh 
avidity in the papore. But the fict in Ihe history of my 
ministry in Trenton is as stated above. The duties of Iho 






424 



Calls, 



pnlpit, though Tcry imperfect^ were performed with very 
tew ioterrnptions through the period^ and the excellent 
Bpirit and sctive c;ci()pe ration of the sQssioTi were & ^ett 
help to Ihe efficacy of the divine ordinnncfs. 

"Among the wgns of improyement which sppeared 
during that term, wns that of increased attention to tho 
baptism and I'oEJ^oua training of children. The subject, 
when brought up in public inatrnotion and private oonvep- 
wition, nppearcd acceptable and profitable. In following 
np the [abore of Brother Alexuoder there, I recollect do 
evidence of improvement '^^ith more interest th&n thatn 
As to general progress, the p-owing activity and intclli- 
gene© of the leadipg members of the congregation, to- 
gether with the increase of their number, wonid enable 
any diNi?t>rn]ug observer to foreaea the progress mode 
there mnce, undar the iaoitemenl* of a. growing popula- 
tion, and of expanding basircee, and the impidaeand goid- 
anoe of a fnithfol nnd effective ministry h" 

On the third May, 1841, the congregation 
anaiiiraoujily resolved to recall Dr. Alexander^ 
who was atill io tho professorship in the College 
at Princeton^ to which he had been traiiaferred 
from his charge in Trenton ; but upon being 
assured that it would not be in his power to 
comply, it was prosecuted no further* A new 
election ou the hist day of May resulted in the 
choice of Mr. John IIall, of Philadelphia, who 
immediately took charge of the coBgregation, 



^ 




Present Statillics. 



4^S 



aud was both ordained and iaatalled August 11, 
1841- The Rev, Dr. Cooley presided, Dr. Yeo 
mans preached, (EpUesiaos 4 ; 11 *) Dr- J, W, 
Alexander and Dn S< C. Henry gave the charges. 

The incidents of the last eighteen yeare^ his- 
tory of the Church in Trenton must be despatch- 
ed in a few pai'ticulara. 

The atatiatica are as follows: 

Commtinicants rccdved Da ozAminHiioo, , . SI 7 

** '* by certiiicrvtp, . . 262 

Freseot numl^er of nommauit^itnLs, , . . 312 

Inlunls baptued, 200 

Adullfl ** Hi 

FuiK^rftls, 336 

Mairiagee, . , , , , , , ,213 

The Brick Choioh, already spoken of as once 

occupied "by Mr, Eosweir^ congregation, waa 
purchased, refittetl, and opened for public wor_ 
ship with a aeruioo by Professor Albert B. Dod, 
Jaly 24, 1843. The I^econd Presbyterian Church 
was organized there November 15, 1842, and 
the Rev. Baynard K. Hall was its first stated 
supply. The Rev> Daniel Deraellcj of Penoayl- 



* Thfl HLibBtOAca of ll» jcrincii (od ^' ibe pmtorkl ofQca'^) d[|ieared In 
tb« BibliCiU ^ffppflrtflT/ fijr January, 1 Hi. 
31* 



4^6 



Second Church- 



vania^was installed its pastor May 31, 1843, In 
September of tlie same year a email lecture- 
Toom was built adjoining that church, Mr. 
Deruelle'a pastoral relation was diaaolved Feb-' 
TUary I, 1848, and on the ninth October the 
Rev. Ansley D. White, of Indiana, was installed. 
In 1851 the church waa enlarged to twice it^ , 
origiual aize, and was reopened September 21, 
In 1S57 a spacious building wos erected, of two 
storiea, for a lectare-rDom and Sunday-schoola, : 
The church was organized with eleven members 
from the Firat Church ; the present number of 
communicants is two hundred and sLxty-five. 

In the year 184$ there remained a debt ofj 
sis thouaand seven hundi'cd dollars for the build- 
ing of the First Church. By a general aubscrijH 
tion in the congregation at the close of that 
year, the entire Bum was at once obtained, and 
all obligations cancelled. 

In April, 1849, thirteen communieante of the. 
First Church, ami four from other churcheSji 
■were organized as the Thu-d Church. Twenty- 
five othera from the parent body were boo] 
afterwai'ds added. The new congregation 
met for public worahip June 17, 1849. The 
Kev. Theodore L. Cuvler was installed pastor. 



Third Church. 



427 



Octolj*^r 3, 1849, nnd their hotise of worship 
'fta opened Novemljer 7, 1850, Mr, Cuyler re- 
Kgned the charge April 27^ 1853, aad the Rev. 
ht&coh Kirkpatriek, Jr., waa ordamecl^ anJ lu- 
lled NovemLer 3, 1853. The decline of hia 
health compelled his resignation February 2, 
1858. The communieanta then numbered about 
two hundredn A parsonage was provided dur- 
ing Mr. Kirkpatrick's incumbency- Oq the 
eighth of February, 1859, the Rev, Henry E. 
Chapin, of Ohio, was installed as paator. 

A mission chapel, built (at the cost of twenty- 
two hundred dollHrs) in the northern extrem- 
ity of the city, on ground given by JIr» John 
B, Chambers, was opened for reli^oug services 
January 8, 1854, and a Sunday-achool organ- 
ized. Worship was conducted on the after- 
noons of the Sal^bath by the pastor of the First 
Church, with occasional aasiatance, until May, 
1856, when Mr. John H. Sargent served statedly 
as the chaplain for one year No successor has 
yet been found. 

In 1853 the First Church waa estenaively im- 
proved by the building of an iron fence and lay- 
log a stone pavement along the entire front of the 
lot, introdacing gas, painting the interior walls, 



4^8 Fourth Church. 



and other rep^urs, at a cost of thirty-four hundred 
dollai'a, mostly defrayed by private BubacriptioB, 
While the work was in progress, the congrega- 
tion worshipped with the Third Charch, then 

without a paator. 

On the sixth November, 1858, the Foubth 
Church was oi^auized, with a few members from 
the First, and sixty from the Third Church- On 
the twenty-fifth February, 1859, the Rev, Ed- 
WACD D. Yeomans, son of Dr. John W. Yeo- 
mans, was installed their pastor. 

The following ruling elders have been elected 
and ordained, in the FiiBt Church, during the 
present pastorate : 

Samuel Roberts, ( T ,^ -n^j^ 

George S.GrecQ I j^e 6,1668. 
Augustus G. Richey, j * 



NOTES. 

I, 

N'i€noLAS Jacqcbs Emasl'bl de Belleville was bom 
at Motz, France, in 1753; studied mediemo under bi« 
fatlior J passed seven years in tbe schools and hospitals of 
Paris,* and cTkiuc to Trcntoa under the circumstances r&- 

• Dr. Bellevitla vm in Paris la 1V74, when Louis SVL cama to the 
tbrona, and uaed to teH of his hearing the popnUce 0x7, (la ■Unsion to 



Dr. BclleviUa 



429 




11 

i 



lated in the follawing noto fumbticd to me by PLUemoQ 
Dickinaoi], Esq., as heard from the Doctor^s lips : 

" He happened to be, in the spring of I^TT, cm A visit 

gealkmau, ou acqu&intani^e of liia fiilher, wto lived 

south of France, whiltier he usuftUy repaired in the 

D, OP aocoiint of the dclicnle aUto of hie health. 

there ra&i and was btrodacai to Ccunt Pulaski, who 

d jnst come from Italy, wh^re he hid he^n obliged 
to take refuge on aticouuL of the autne part he bore m 
Ihe well'kDowu attempt to rct^tore the libertiea of Poland, 

^^ The Couct wfLS thou on the ere of h'ta departure for 
thk country^ and having tak^n a hking foi" the Doctor, 
invitfld him to ocoompany him. For aome time ho hcai- 
tated, hy reason cf hi^ want of money, but the gentleman 
at whoae hoube he w^, wheii informed of thla fiml^ told 
him [f a hundred guinoaa woold be sufficient for hb pur- 
poao he would supply him, and that hia lathor coald re- 
imbnrae him. He funh&r supplied him with every thing 
necessary' for the voyage, and 011 the Taat day of May, 
ITTT, he left Pmia, and embarked at, Nantea oa the mntb 

June, for the TJoited Statea. 

**Thc vG9ficI iti which be soiled -was a aloop-ofwar, 
ouniing fourteen guns, with fi orew of one hundred and 
■five men. Sbe had on bonrd about siiteen himdred stand 
of arma for the American troops. On tho twenty-aec- 
ond July they arrired lu XasAachosetts, and the Grst 
town he entered was Salem, where ho atald some days 
and alterwarda went to BobioUh 



a tmdTtioa of Henij I Vth'i wish that erary peiaant might hflvo » toiH 
for biflpol-pioj " Feuk-<tv-pctt i fovk^u-p^t/" 



43° 



Dr. Belleville. 



'*He attend^ tbo CoTint, in the cupadty of sDTgcon, in 
tTie different parla of iLe counLry to wlicli lie w*iit for 
the purposL* of rccrnlting a legioD, whidi the Count vaa 
oathorizcd lo riuse Vy the Provincial Congress, 

" PuJaski romnmed aomo tunc at Trcntcm for that por- 
po80, where Bi^UenJIe became ncqiialnicd vr'xih Dr. Biy- 
ani, a, [ihyalciMn of eminetice, who took a fancy %o bim, 
treated him kinJlj, ami endeavored to pcrEmiJe him 1o 
give up the mraj aod settha in Trenton ; offering to do all 
in hia power to introduce him into pr^hctice. Dr, Belic- 
Tille, hoTp-ever, Jiltcnded Pulflsld to tho South, and whila 
BtntioQGd there he received a pressing lottsrlrom his frieorl, 
Dr, Brysujt, repeHliiig lus offer, aiid urging Jiia leaving the 
armji repreaeating the improbJLhility of his auccetdin^ 
there so well aa by actlUng down to the practice of Lid 
profeeaion, Tiiia letter ho showed to Pulaski, who told 
him it wns< not his wish to stand in the way of his adi-ance- 
meiit, and If ho thought he could do beMer, to aeeept the 
offur of Dr. Bryant. lie did bo, and in the fell of 1 778 
took up hia residence in Trenton, where he remained until 
hia death.'* 



Dr. Belleville wns eminent in his profe^ion, and higlily 
esteemed foi- his social qiialJtiea, ITe was aomeliiuea called 
lo attend the eiilcd King of Spain at Boi'dcJitown, and 
waa his almoner on at least one ooco^ion, (Febronry fi, 
1831,) when the Feniiile Benevolent Society of Trenton 
iioltii owl edged lifty dullars *' from the Count tie Siirvil- 
liers, by Dr, Belleville." Mra. Belleviile waa a coinniuiii- 
caikt ; the Doctor wv& n pcw-Loldcr and ooca,siona] attend" 
ant, but waa too fond of hia elegant edition of Vollur^ to 



Chicfjustice Ewing, 



431 



relish the Goa{>ol. Ho wns buried ia oar cliTirch-yEird, and 
one of bia pupils, Dr, F, A. Ewirtg, in rwldJlioD to a dis- 
ctiminaiing obitiinry in the State Gflietie of Do*?. 24, 
1831, funiislied the iuacriplloii for bu tomb : 

** ThU atone eovota the remains of Dr. JTioholas Bbllq- 
TiLLE. Boro and ediiciited In France ; for fiftj^fouc years 
an iDhiibitaiit of tliis city. A pntrl<jt wHmily aLtaohed to 
the principles of liberty ; a physician eminently learned 
and hucccs^'^'liI ; a mun of Bciupulous and uableiniijlicd iu- 
ttgrity. On tho eovonteonth day of Uccombcr, A.D. 
1831, at the ago cf eevenly-nioc j-oara, ho closed a life 
of honor and nsofiiliios^ ; by a^ll rospecteJ, esteemed, 
lamented." 

II. 

For a more extended notice oi Chiof Jostico CoAfii.^ 
KwiKQ, than 1 can find room for now, I must refer to the 
enlog-y^ pmnounce*! in the church nt the united rcqnesi of 
the Cuuficil of Trenton and the heni^h and bar of thi^ Slate, 
by his mtiniato friend, Governor Southard, and to the 
memoir fiimiiihcd by tho anmo ^UTld to Lont^aerc's ** Na- 
tional Portrait Gidlerj-,"* He wns born Jnly S, llm*, 
prepared fnr college nt tha Trenton Acauleiny, when it 
was under Mr. Artnatrong'H direction ; look the first honor 
at Princeton College at bis graduation in 1708; reai law 
nadcr Mr. Leake, (p. flOU,) and wfts admitted lo the bflt 
in 1B02. The next year he wa^iniirned ton daughter of the 
Rev. JameaF.Anoslrong. lit wa^ appointeii Chief- Justice 



• ThCTO M also nn cilondcil notice ot hla cbaracter in ae addttsB by 



432 



Epitaph. 



in October, IBSi, uid reappointed in 1831. He di^ of 
cholc^ra., Aiignat 5, 1832. Mr. Ewing was a punctual ;LTid 
lending membtir of the boiird of Tniateee, and of the con- 
gregatioD, from hia elcctioa^ ApnJi 1S14, lUJ LiA suddeo 
dcatli. Mr. SoulhArd declared in bis public di^oarac tbnt 
he was in the habit of holding up the entire charaotor of 
the Chief-Justice as a model for aaplrants after prc^foAaion- 
nl honors, and said thiiL *' hU exposition of tho system of 
jurj-lrio!, before the Literary atid PliHosopbical Society 
of New-Jcrsej, [Jon. 29t ]82dJ is tbe most Gnisbed and 
heaatiful oxbibitJon of ita mcfilH \rhich ia to be tbiind, in 
the Mirae oompaeBj in our language." He drew hia tiicnd^s 
character in the following lermB^ as they are now read en 
hla monument; 

" Beneath tills Tnarble rest tbe mortal remain* of 
Cn^-SLEs Ewji<a, LL.D., Chief-Joatice of the State of 
New Jersey. 

**In intellect, vigorous and discriminating. In indua- 
try, Eissiduons and persevering. In integrity, pare ami 
ini^orruptible. lu mamiers, aflahlo, digniHedj and poliah- 
ed. Ill morals, spotlt^as. A jirofound jurist and upright 
raagiatratc. An accorapUshed scholar, and patrop of lile- 
ratarc and ecicncc* Tho adTOoatc and supporter of be- 
nevolent iufltitutions. Ho won, in an eminent degrco, the 
respect, the love, nnd confidence of bis fdlow-citizous. 
Happy ill bis <lomesUc relation, home was the tbeatrn of 
hia moat eiideariug virtacs, and the sphere in wbiclj bo 
Loved to TOore- He rcTCrenneii the doctrines sanl praC' 
lised the preeeple of the Christian religion. In the rigor 
of his mental and bodily powers, snrroonded by bloflainge, 
cheered by the approbation of his felloW'men, with an ex' 



Bos we II — A 1 li son. 



^33 



tended prospect of service :iud uHefiilocss bofbre him, bo 
■wus attached with a riuleiit disease, whicb suddenly ler- 
miDAtcii his Ufu on tlio hl'th day of August, A.I>. IB^IJ^ in 
tho &3d ycEtr of ble age.*' 

Thc RcT. WMp BoawsLL bad been for dxtccn jGora pas- 
tor of thd Bnplist coDgrc^ntioQ of Trct^ton and Lnnibor- 
tOD, wboii (1312:^) bo leaucd an aJdroaa to ila uicmberfi, on 
Acooant ofhis adoption of Horae new tenets, which leaned 
to Swede oborgjauifini. IJls udJi'csa was £.UAWc]'t?il by a 
longer letter from the Uct, John Biirtt, (fiiat edilor of 
"Tbo Proflbjterian " in Philfldelpbia,) who waa tlien 
preaobing in Trenton- Mr, BoswqU died June 10, 1833, 
at tbo flga of fifty-Beven, His grave is in iho rear 
of the bnildiiig where he last preached — now the Second 
Presbytariaa Church, Near lo it ia that of auothur prum- 
inent Biiptiat luiniatcr, the Ucv. Buugbiss Allisos, DJ),, 
who died on a visit lo Trenlon, February, 20, 1837- 

The Fimt Baptiat Church of Lamberton was opened 
WovombtT 26, 1803; when ihe flonnon wan preaohL>d vy 
Dr. Staujfbton. * 

Mr. Boswell's waa called '* The Refonii<^d General Bap; 
list Meoling-UouBO^" It was buJt (of brink) in oleTon 
wuekB, and was opoiiod Octobi?r iH, IH23. The duneo- 
SOnH wore filly-four leel by forty. 



I 



Tll0St\s WiLBOX, ao inlclligcnt eofored man, w*3 re- 
ceived lo our ^^ummunion on c^ortilieatG tVoin New-Vort, 
Nuvember, 1S39. He waa a shuemakur, but vf&a bent 
3d 



4^4 Wilson — Lowry, 



upon becoming qoalified as a miasionfkry in Liberin. For 

this purpose he rcmoYed to Easton, aud Btndied under 
the direction of hts late pastor, the President of the 
College, He sailed for Africa, aa a mis^onaiy of our 
Board, in April, 1843. Hia wife and infant died soon 
after their arriTal, and a second child not long after- 
wards. Wilson^s station was Sinoe, where he opened a 
day-school and Sunday-school, and preached every week. 
In 1B45 he opened a smaU building as a church, and under- 
took to teach a school of native children in a neighboring 
town, and an evening school of adalt colonists. He pei^ 
severed manfully through great hardships till September 
8, t84G, when he died of an illness of a few days. In the 
artless language of one of his children who sent me the 
intelligence : '^ I hope lie is resting, for when he did labor 
he labored hard, and sutfored much from want of food 
and clothing." The Annual Report of the Board in the 
neit year, says : " His death is a great loss to the Clmrcb 
and to Africa. His e:cperience and knowledge, his indus- 
try and perseverance^ fitted him for usefulness in this im- 
portant sphere of labor." 

Another colored member of our church, Eltmas P. 
IloGEiis, was ordained by our Preabytcry March C, 1645, 
and is now pastor of n large congregation in Newark. 

By the will of Miss Ja^e Lowrt, who died Novem- 
bcr, IGoly the sum of two hundred dollars and her pew 
were bequeathed for the benefit of the poor of the church. 
By the win of Mr. James Brearley, who also died Novem- 
ber, IS5\, the sum of five hundred dollars was leil to the 
Trustees, without specific directions. 



JSSSBBmBm 



APPENDIX. 



nraTOBT OF ma Peoposal to hakx Tat^icv tub Capitai- nr tub 
Uvmn States. 

Iji tha nolico orDnctor CowcII'h will, on piffo QD2, it was BUlcd 
that nne of hia IvgMips wna to tliB iFnilcd Stdtts, in cnacj GoiigrtBa 
flhoi]]d nuvke LiLEabcrloii— Uicn % pTccioct oT Trenton — the eo&t of 
the Xalirtnal rrOTPTrmBnt. Allhriufrh tliJagivcji ihesiiljnct a very 
alendcr connccliun with Iht titlt of this volume^ 1 dupend on iho 
local interoflt it po^svfiSE'S^ to mako ftccapt-ahlo what 1 UiLve ingested 
irom the Jouron-ly of Ihc Congrt^A of thv CoLifudtufttwn. 

"Xhe Cangro56«^ bcforo tbv Confltitutioh helJ Lhair BC&siana in 
diDtrcQl pUcuB. but priQctiiully £a PhiluddEibift md Nevr-York. 
In June, 1783, prcpbralLan war begun to adDct nhnt was cnlkd n 
" p*nnAnont rcHidonoe" Tot Congress, by nppuintiin; Ibo Aral 
Mondfly of the follonm^ October, to take into consid^fTat^on Eiicb 
offfire as infEht b(? made frtmi the places tbjil afiplrtd to th»t difc- 
lincLioD. In iha s:imD month in which tbo rcsolutifin woa pftBeod 
by CongreAP, the Lpgi^ilnLure of NewJerspy agreed In ufftr to 
yield io the UoituJ Slntes, jurisdiction orcr nry district to the ex- 
tent of twenty mileB eqiiare, find ta grant £^io,rjrK] in specie tfit 
the purchn-ae of binds and the crcctiou of buildings. 

(.In tho Eisth of October, 1783, tho quoation was (aken, " In 
which Stilo Luildinps ehail ho proTJdeJ aod erected for thn resi- 
dence of CongTi'SB; bcgLziniiiff with New-ElaTT>pflbLre, nnd propeod- 
ing tu the order in which d^ey uladd," L'pon ih'it, vote all Ibo 
8L4(«B were Euccesfiivcly aegatirDd. On tha ti^it day « luolijn 
ma nuido by llr Gcny, " Ttiat buEldini^a for the uhu of Con^rAS 



436 Capital of 



be erected on th« bmks of the DeUware, near Treutoti, or of tbe 

Potomac near Gcorgetoinif provided a suitable dtatrictcan be pro- 
cured on one of the rirerg aforesaid, for a federal town." By 
amendment the oamea of the towns were stricken out, and tho 
Tircrs left ; and it was finally rceolred on that day, first, that the 
federal town should bo erected on tho banks of the Delaware ; and 
then, that the sits ahould be "near the fiills," that is, near Tren- 
ton on the New-Jersey aide, or in Pennsylrania on the opposite. 
A eoQimittcc of five wa$ appointed to Tiew the respective sitoa- 
tiona, aod report 

The question of locality now became a subject of agitation be- 
tween the North and the South. On the day after tho appoint- 
ment of the Committee, a motion was made to reconsider the pro- 
ceedings, *^ in order to fix on some other place that shall be more 
central, more lavorabTe to the Union, and shall approach nearer to 
that justice which ia duo to the Southern States.'* This failetl. 
On the tenth, a motinn of Mr. Williamson, of North-Carolina, 
was unsuooosflful, which proposed that tho present Congress 
(then in session at Princeton) should adjourn at once to Pbiladel- 
phia, sit there till June, and then adjourn to Trenton. A motion 
of Mr. Duane, of Xew-York, also failed, which called for an imme- 
diate adjournment to Trenton. On the eleveoth, Mr, EUery, of 
Rhode Island, moved for an ac|joumment to Annapolis till June, 
and then to meet at Trenton. Tho tatter clause was stricken out, 
and tho wonL^, " for the place of dieir temporary residence,^* were 
joined to " Annapolis ;'^ iiut the amended motion was losL* 

The selection of Trenton, or its immediate vicinity, seemed now 
to be moat probable ; but the minority against the Delaware loca- 
tion was so large and inflqential, that Mr. Gerry proposed as a 
compromise that Congress should hare two rc^denccs, to be occu- 

* ■■ Trenton <ru nori pfopoieil) on which qaeilLnii Uie roLfi writ dMiLeJ hj the 
rlTcr Delnwirp.'* "TfiP rlclnlij of k» f«ila ii bj IwcqTnt Ut» fuTun hbc of the Fcdfl-- 
il OoTeTqDient. arl^HK h cDnVEmiOD of Bomc of (ha t:vi(urn Slftl« ti\n be tffecttd." 
UaillHD to flui4lo][th, Oc labor 1^ 17S9. MmdlioD PftperitTol. LA7&) 



ihe United States, 



4^7 



pied alteniftlply ; tlio ont to te on iho B*?lR\rarfl, as alreDdj 
detomuiicd, and the i>ther on tbe PotoiUAC, M or ntv GeorgE- 
iawTi. On tho IvunlietJi, Mr. Goiry further proposed, thtt 
until tbe buildiuga un Uw Dd*wure and Putomiu; wtre pre- 
pared, tha roeid^JDCfl of Congrefi^ fihouM bo lUfmntdv in 'lYcnton 
luid AarmpoliB. Oa Uni twtiitj-firj^U Mr. OwTrj'a euiire motion 
VAA adopted.* 

In Dwtnilffir, 1733^ Coiigr*:** met il Aian»pj>Uft, and iha qbcti' 
tioa 0f tbc Fudfiral diy waa rcupcntd. Mr. Jtffyraon uud Mr, 
Monrne endtaTnrpr] (/i hfivo Aluxkndria Kiib.sLttiiU"l far Gcirgc- 
b^vrn, og (be .Soulhcro oipitiJ, but Vir^Qia wim tho onlj ^tiit« 
that Toteil fly 41- 1 

Cotigre&s met ia Trenton, KorcoiUer 1, lT64. On tbe tentb 
DccembuTj South'Curoliiia inovud thui ; " It is oipediont for Con 
grcfis to adjourn irom tbt^ir prvn^at residence,'* ThU wu nega- 
tived on tho elovenLh, and on thi- t^reiitiotli it waa ri?sotvcd to 
tak(7 invosun^ fur procuring auitabk bullJLD;;^ Tor luLtiuubl ^ur- 
pDfl«B, uid a BiiiOf not oxeceding $100,000^ waa appropriated Tor 
that olyccL iLvaa aLw datermiued to be incipcdienl tn OTect 
£ueh buildings at moro tluin cjno pU<^e at titat time. Mr. Pinck- 
tiGj madd all itiiBLicreiisfLil muLon Lo linvo tbi^ airnn^umenrR for 
attcrDate i^e^siunf uL Truaton and Aiin4pi>|id r<?|>udid, and on Llic 
ttvenijp- third DiitiemlH-r an onlinnnre waw introdufcd, providing 
for tbc appointment of three commiasioncr*, to taj out a diatrict of 
not less than two, nor ^ni^rteding three miLos flj)tiarp, on the banks 
of cither side of the Delaware, not loner than Lambcrlon, nor 
mora than six miloE above it, For a Kedi^ral town, 

Tbe whole di^iMua^oa was fvncwed ou a mution for the apprt]- 



* Tbti kcina Llta ^jccoaLoq of u^r nT Jtids« FrdtwLiIEcipVliiBBii'BhaioniDutpuUioa- 
Ikoa. In vbbcN, under (Na Litfc af •• 1iitellLe<DacE ^imdiaiuuj-,'* be dvKrlWd ite 
■ Cw mrcliBDuiQ qI fOTFrDinrnl as 4 pendulun 'Jbratbig b<jlTacD AnakpnUi »d4 

t XiJ^iut ^2^1T>'I) A DiCBiiirLiJ itBi gpmrnlvd IQ UleKvlr-Jurtr ^"^ "■^^ ^^^ 

■qiUrt mJfbV b< UI4I ftui da ih* DcliiiiMra. and FurnliJilfif Ui< dfttA of ncli v tr4GC- 

35* 



4S8 



Capital of 



prlntion. Ati effort wika mado to aubetituto GcoT^cloirn for Lam- 
tivTton, but tho ordiZLiiiico wast fitiallj Adopted tluit the l.'i>mmi»;- 
sioiiura, wilhout delay, Hhoiild ham the Federal city laid out in 
SOtatj disb-it^t Dot maro thaa eight Tnil^s nbavo or b^lov ihv inwcr 
CUtsur tho Dclan'aFC . nud I'lilcr inUi cDulmctfi Tor iTcctin^ anj 
completing, ^'in in clegiinl mftnnvr," a Cipitol, iinusefi lor tbe 
Prtiddcnt Df CoDgreflBp and priiiui|i&l olficarH of tlic gnvftniiiitnl, 
vith ji '^ due Fv^ard to thi; Aecaminodetien of ihtt States vrlth Iota 
Tiir lioiiMes Tor Ihe use of thuir delfii^Us reKppetively/* and that 
Cofif-Tefis should hold its schbiods in Xew-Yi>rk until Che f ublic 
bntldingH wero ready for tbeir ro^^ption. The inuntiduit^* quiIaj 
of the OotDinissiciiieni waft not to ciceod (lOOiOtK). Oongrcsa ai]- 
jaurntd on the day nrtet the docfsi<)n, nft4?r aoknnwlodgiing tha 
ottcntions of tlio Li^e'slituTe of the Stntc, anrl the csertioaa of the 
inhnliiCanti of tho town in f roviding the raembera with accvmmo- 

The order of tho dny for februarj 8, I7S0, was lo d«t Com- 
miaaioDers under the orJinanee of DucDmher 23^ 1T94 Yariona 
oftbrla weru made bj tho Southern delegflloj? to delay the prognsaa 
of the measure, hut Lhu in[^]ont3- iitrsuvercd, end Philip SrhriTlcr, 
IHiilctnon Dit-kinann, and Kob<M-t Uorria \rcTe ultcted CoiamJaaian- 
Crs, find upnn Mr. Si^huyler's f!ei"linin|r, iTohn Brown was put in 
hift place. None of thcfl* wctu Tiicitibor& of Congres*. Mr_ J>jck- 
inson wne mi inhiibitsnt ot Tmnton, mid Mr. MorHs luii an estato 
on the oppoftit* ado of tho Delaware, now the town of MorruTlIltLt 



* ThD iBbiHiDUm iLDir &h« TiMi iTDia Dot [av^ainia %o Lb^r unvDrtunlty. Iq iho 

for lule "^B «bliMt>Lt: IrnoL d InbJ, eQEilnlnShg UiTBi? liiiDdn>l Ih^rv, BlliWtV ttltSlD 

■nd wMlIo 4iiiiki»rLiiin>>«riPd,ii>t»rr 11 It tspdi^t^d i1,e Fnlcnl (nitbvD} I»bIxi|]l" 
f WiuFilDE'*''! foi-""!!- l^r dl-cdvartia^fl of |,BDtWrb»- Op e^ <1p.f tFcJ^v Lbt^T* 
fHslnt^ors H' vrul/' Troni Utunt T^rikjb, fci ihr Frnlrlobr of Cucp^-^v, lb 4 prty«i* 
taflflr: '* Bj Hip llior jnur FcilH^ml inHriirgi on fU hniit- M iS* Pi'law™™, nlflog iht 
pfltcinf ■ Irivtfflp. ^te Dtfiir tl^i- r»'?r'|>iLin nf 1?DD|!m«, » r\\\ b* fugnit Ihfi Uib/ 
4<-a *flrr (iDprn[vrry place:! fur tho lent nf ibi ^cnpip', Ab<1 >ni ktve lu tiMJarsB b 
iMdnJerMUDn iP ft more rDLinnlBaL ane." ( VriUngt.rol U. Vfi) 



the Unir^d States. 



439 



^Vhen tJio first Rpprcpriation to the Coramissioners was called 
for by the Committee of Siippliea, (April 6, 1785,) — ^' Fedtrd 
tiuilJlngjJ, $3ft/iO(r — Mr. Grafnon, of Virgiaifl, moved iteroJ^isal, 
Itut he fras DTpmilcd. Then, on modon of Mr. PinclEncy, that 
YDtu Wfl^ recoil aidotvdf anrl iho roporl w%i reootninHtod, Here 
the matter r<at&d HQtil the lwcnty-8B<;ond Scplcm^r, when tha 
Bpptnprinlioii of jaO,<K]0 cotnmg before tho houso, Mr. Gcny 
mured lo mnko it tlie whulc ema of |100,000, but none of tha 
Statefl except Mfc^FocbuactLe imd S'c^-Jtrsoy voted for it; upoa 
vbkh, on motion of Mr. IIiLrJy» of TirgmJa, thij item woa (en- 
tirely Rdicketi out of thfl bill, wLicli was a virtual repeal of the 
oriliniirjc^e. 

The question of locatien vas cot ravived afLcr this until M\j 
10, 1TB7, whon Mr. Leo, of Virginia, hiovimI thnt the Treasury 
Btfikril tatiJ mejuurta for ercctiog public buildin^a, for tlic accufu- 
iiLi>la[ir>D or CoogrciB, at G^argctatru OTi tha Poioinoc. This w^a 
lost 

la n few^ mouths (Septemh«rf IT8T) tho Ooastitution of the 
UuileJ SCa(«A was ado|tt^. and the Congrciw of tLc CctifL^urBtioa 
expired- The Confititutiou c^onUJneda prOTifi] on implying that the 
scat uf Gorvnimont should be pLai:fd in a djrfLrict " not cxceedEng 
ton milot) tiqunrc," wbifh ehtiuld bfl ooJed to the oxeluaivij lugiBln- 
tion of Coi]f/Tei4}i, OlTeiKcatnelnfrom all qiiarler^. The Convention 
of So^v-Jc^Eey, which mtiflcd tfcjo L'onetitutior, rocommendod to 
the LegiflUturc to pntttr into the com petition for the Capiliil, wbtuh 
thoy did hj ft vote, Scptcmb&r il, 17^8, offering the requiiiitD ter- 
ritory. 

In Scptembar, ITSO, Mr, Boudinct, in the House of BeprcaonU 
tives^ nncc more prcpcaed "tlie banks of cither t^de df the mer 
Dehiware, not more th*n eight milea abo^o or btlow the lovrer 
Mi," bitt It failed by a roto of four to flwlj-Bij ; and ho Dp. 
CowcU's testacy to the (Tuittd States lapdci 

1 may close the liislory by ftutini^' (liat the miun ijaoation was 
fliutly nettled by a comprouilsij butnecn the North and tbu South. 



440 Deed oi 



Tbe NOTtbem States being uuious for the UBOmption of the debts 
of the BCTenl SUtea bj the GeDcral GorenimeDt, and the Southern 
States being opposed to that meaaure, and the two aectjons being 
in like manner on opposite sides aa to the locality of the Capital, 
there was a mutual bar^gaining ofTotee. The acheme is said to 
have originated w[th Kobert Uoiria and Alexander Hanailtoiit 
(Secretary of the TreaBury,} and conBummated at the dinneT'table 
of Mr. Jefferaoa (Secretary of State) by Messrs. White* and Lee, 
of Yirginia, who agreed to change their Totes on the assumption 
question, in consideratioa of Mortis and Hamilton undertaking to 
effect a corresponding change in the F^orthem votes for the Capi- 
tal ; accordingly, the Assumption measure paased the House by a 
voto of thirty-four to twenty-eight, and the Potomac site by 
thirty-two to twenty-oine-t In July, 1790, it was determined to 
havQ tbo scat of Government on the Potomac, and in 1791, Waah- 
ington selected the spot which now bears his name. According to 
the tcrmsof the act, Congress remained [n Philadelphia until De< 
comber, 1800. J 

DEED OF BASSE AND REVEL 

HEFEURED TO ON PP. 2G-30. 

To all people to whom these Presents aball come : 
Ttio Honorable Jeremiah Basse, Esq,^ Governor of the Proriuces 
of Ea!4t and West-Jersey, and Thomas Bevel, of the town and 

* "^kh 1 TCTDlilan of alommch lUnofll cohtdIiItc,*' laji JcfferHD In hla^na, 
1 )TIU1r?Lh'B UdIIvI fiUUi, vnL It. S10-fl«, Ur. JclTfnoD uid Id I^lB thu ht 
WU '^ auM l^onntlj aod Innocentlj inula to hold the cudir*' In thli g>biV,{Ar>H., 
Woriu, vol. ir. t». nOiDdM^Ln^ " 1 wu dupcd lata U bf Uiv SvcrcUrr of the Trfli' 
watj. Utd EEiAilq 1 tool Tor TurwArdLng hU tcbtiatt. tnd of &L t^t etroTt of mj pollO- 
«ilL[fr. tb^t hu occMlDOCd ^a tbe d««peit refreL" (Lvttvrqaatfd InlllldFFLh, rvl. 
LT, soao 

I " Wo tit ID rcmoTe brTon the fl»t of Dfcemlwr lo PbilmdripblA. ud, If »* 11x4 
■0 lon^p \a icD ypif^ ta ih* JmHan plkce irltb iJie Ioei^ paoiB on tlia Poutnuic,** 



Bafse and Revel. 



441 



county of Buriineton, in tbc Pj^idnco of West Ncw-Jcracy, 
GonLlcinaiiT Agt^nU for the rTonornbli^ the "S^est-Jiirstsj Sociotj in 
EngUmd, bcqcI grceUng; 

Know ye thit wc, tho snid Jeremiah Bassft and Thomrks RotoI, 
(n& igi'ntti as afijrc'^Ult) fi^r iJic accominadaLlun und tcrvjco of tho 
tMhabiCanlE of the tovmsbtp of AtaidonbGiid, within tho libcrticfi or 
prwlncl* nf tlio Raid uouTtly of Burlington, sml Uic iolmb[tanls 
ncnr idjftcoat, (Tn;inp fiiirchiwcrH of tho said Society's Innds therOj) 
tnr Oie crwting of a mepdng-hoTi^e, nnd Cir Ifurjinp-ground and 
firb'jol'hoUAC, nnd land BU^tublB Tor ilic ^rno, for and in cou^dcra- 
lion of i\^c HhilUngs to them, the »uti agf^nts, or one of them m 
hind paid for tho uao of tho said Society by Ralph Iliint ind 
John Bambrid;^, of Uuidenhud BTor^enid, an well for lhcms«1ves 
ns by thu iippouitnitJit an^ on Ihu hubulf of the rcJit of the lobab- 
itanta of «iid fowncliip, jil or lieforo the soaMng hereof, whcrrof 
and ^l^L-miTLtb the haid ageiilH ilo hereby SL-kno^lvdgc thcm^clvcfl 
fiillj SbtisQed and paid on behalf Arori^snid, tl;cy> tho said Jcroml&h 
Bnine ftri3 Tlmniftfl Rovcl, havQ given, grnrted, and Kold, Aliened, 
onfcofFod, an<l con^riDcd, and by these proaonUi on behalf of the 
Enid Sncioty, ilo fully and Blisoluiely give, grants an<1 k^II, nhon, 
onfcoQ', and eonfiTin unto the said Rotlph Hunt, and John B«in- 
hnrjgo, and Johnnne^ Lauren son, Wm. Hispon, John Bryerly^ 
Samuel Hunt, Thcflph. Fbillipr*, Joimth-m PaTia, ThoB> SiniOi, 
Jispor Smith, Thoq. Coleman, Bonjumin Hardin, Wm. Ake«, 
Jtobcrt Lannea. Philip Phillips, Joaharv Andris, Samuel Daiia, 
Eloathan Dbvi^i Knoch Aadrjfl, CoriLcliiifi AndriB, Jamoa Prio?, 
John Ruiiinn, Thc^. Kiinion, HvztikJah Bunluun, BaiijuQua Maple, 
Lnn'rcncD ITpdikCj Jogaph Snckctt, and Edward Hunt, all of Miid- 
enheul aforu^aid, nne hundred sett's af lornl^ nlrcady taki^ up. 
laid forth, and aurvoyod, within swd Society's tract of land above 
the fallit, eoTnmohly mlled the tlflean ihouf^And ncrea, in tl»ti town- 
ship of Maidenhead aforcEaid, f^r tho use aforesaid ; together with 
all and every the ttays, <?a.«onierit'', profits, i^ommofliti^B, hercdilil- 
ments, and appurtenancofi to tho flaid oue hundred acres of land 




442 



Deed- 



pnsiiiysaiftn, proptTlj^ claiin, an'l ilcmuirt whatsoever, as wi-U f>t 
tha Fi&tJ JcrL'mJali Ba&sc ami Tljumas Itorel (u a}£cats a& aforv- 
aiid) u of ll]« Gud Society in lavr and equity, aaij eitlkor of them 
or« lit, ot unto (Le suld uiic l^unJrcd mcits of l&iiil and gruited 
premises bdonging or apptrUimng;; and Ibc rcTerdoa artd t«ver- 
sioiis, remnincltr aod ruuuuudwa of the aauic and of tT^rj pari 
therccf. To have and to hold the oaid onu hundred acmfi of l&cd 
nd granted premises, and CFery part and parcel theroof, with Oib 
appiiHtnanceg, unto the afercaaid pcraone particularly mentioned, 
and to their hdra and SH^^cesaors forfirer, »n well to the only pm- 
p&ruGCond bchoor of them the autd persona parliculuh^ mentioned 
aa a1iove!>aid, as to all and i>vcry otbcr^ thf- inhabiUnta of the 
said town^'ihip aforesud, aiLd parts adjacent^ who arc cr sbal! 
be pujchafierH of the aron>3aid Society^a lands, and to thi? bdrs, 
aasienR, and Hucce&soia of Ihctn and evciy of Uiciii forcTcrcDore ; 
to be hoLden for, by, and under thu Quit ronta thereout ia^uicg 
unto our Sorcrtign LunI, the Eiuji:, and iiia heirfl and jsucrcfiaors. 
and the arrears thcrtiof, (if any hit.) 

In TrLtness whereof the baid Jercnuab Bas.se and ThouiBH Rttnl, 
id the name and on the bahnlf of the said Society, hare hereunto 
SEt tliefr hands cuul srals the cigliti^cnth dny of March, Xmta Bom. 
IdU}, Anboq. R. K. GuIii^Uu- Urtii ^Viigl etc,, undedmc. 

TacM. Retel. (L,a) 

BbbM and delirored in the prcscnco of 

Jno. TATnAV, 

14atii. Ci>KTLA>D. Justice, 

JoKBPn Retxl, 

A bue copy of a deed rooorded in liber B, ^0. 2, page A&tf. 

Tiioa. S. ALLiiov, 

£vc of State. 

ll will ha soen from the abore that the name of EtnatJiitn J)wit 
was omitted on p. 3U. 



Trenton and Falb. 



443 



ADDITIONAL NOTES. 



Pi.(ib34. Smirh'a luiguagp, when he mentinns ih« defttb of 
Wm. Trent, Bpf. 3D. 173 1, U: '* Beine a largo trader at Trenton, 
vhpn thftt p\ac.f^ wan Iild e^ut fnr n town, it frora hjm look its 
njime, Wing bofore fiigulflouitlj ciUed Little- Worth/' (Hiftorj 
of New-Jerapy, chnp. irii,) 

In 1730 the LcgUlttUiro ^utitcJ to JAmes^ Eoa otWai, Trout 
the erolutiffi; upc of tLo Delaware for a Tvrrj, " two miles aboTO 
]ind Ivvu hclow tltc TaliA,^^ 

Smith's Hifitorj", under date of 1765^ enyo: "Tho courte ftre 
held nt Trrnlon, s plare of conccmrtie nnd litely tnAc It stands 
at the hcftd i>r the thU^ and m a ^ligti, pleasant sitimtJcn. Tho m- 
hihrtBJit.a hnvo tt pnl»lic llhrnTV. Of pl.iws of worship, [in nun- 
Icrdon eountj,] ihc PrcHbytcrinna arc nine, tlie Low Dutch do. 
Cin«, Cermt.li do. one, Epifcopatians thr^e, Quakers two, Unptibts 
two." 

In A letter from Wm. Fmoklin (sftenparda GoTKnorJ to his 
Ikther, BurlinKton, Juno 10, 17U7, he Bays: " flovemor Wcnt- 
worth [of Kc^'-HimpBhiro] risiled me on hla journoj hrjmc.>v and 
lay a night at lay house, f nest tnonuBK accompanied Uiui as 
ftiF tts TrcJiton Faiit^ where we spent the day a Ushing, uid 
auppEpd logcther," {Frani;li}CB Corrapt/ndenctj hy Daane. p 35.) 

"The first falls in Dchwara riyer in Trent Town Dfo oppc&ito 
to Ihc forlj-aevmth mile of this divisional line" — Uiaf is, T.aw- 
roiiCo'H lino between East and WcBt-JiirHcy, run in 1743, and Etart- 
ing from Liltlc Egg llwlipr, {Do'njUifi^ Summary/, ii. 232,) 

PAtit 37. The etatemcnt at the beginning of thi^ page wculd 
be more exact by inserting, that hy act of AEBembly Jim. 53, 
1700-10^ Burlington county wiut mjido to include Ualdcohoad, 
Hopewell, iTid AmwelL Thi? parTton of Trenton, now ftboTo Iho 
AsMatiink, was thun in iropcwell. Hunterdon county, a£ Aet o3^ 
io Uarch, 1T18-1*, included what we now the counties of Morrif, 



-m 



Notes. 



SuaaoE. AVatTcn, wX nuntfrdoiit Euid the prteeot tawndjips of 
Tronton, KwiDg, Lawrence, and UopoweU, in MeTC«T coulitj. 

Pac]£<< [10 anil 37D. TLe liuiuiptJua on Baiabrl^c^a ^ntt 
GtfiJulfi tbUH ; 

" fa moDQCiry of 

loha Bonbridgo whu dl'd Fohry> 

The Qrst £ m his namo inu irscftcd after thu tnm*: Lvl been 
cuL Tliu hmlly Domc in £ugland hod u[mi.Lt'r v^ti;, *s ia 
fuund in ui cpi^&ni qiiotud m Bay Jc'fl Dictjoaary, Li^ginning — 

''Doctor Btif/ihr'iige ciidq &om f7aiT*bridgt'* (,4rf. on John 

P-ioB 3;*, Richard EajTO, Thi? is j>rcihahly the uioe fiuuity 
that baa smcc btun bettor kaonu u Ejrea uid Ejie. In our 
chuTcb-ynrd ia the gr^vo Qf '^Sophivi, relict of Cnpt Ricbuii 
Ejfcs^ formerly ofPhilfldelpbiai" Februarj &, 1801 : aged fit). 

[^ AGE 51, For "o"iJ Pennington" read *'<<( PciiningUin," 

Paoe 00. *^ A litter from Llm pcopli? of Trenton, dt-siriug care 
to be taken to procurv n miniatcr for them, naarcad ; but QotbJOg 
WAS or could be done to purpc»> ubout U at that time.*' i/Muf«i 
ofPrn^ytcry of PhiUi*Idphiii, September IK, 1734. 

Paoi 70- In A letter af Gov. Relcher, June S, 17q1, il u Hiud 
llmt " Atr. Thomrui^H iatcrcst in Trenton had been botigUt by 
Robert Lettiee llooper, ffir £3J0D sturling^-th ought a good s*le-" 
(ITftifcAiWa AnalijtU'il LtJe-t, p 310,) 

Pac;eB3, Far the records Lud docuEaenUj nLlativc to (lie Scbi^tn, 
see B&ird'B AatniM^^tt Digtitt. p|i. Ci)2H)J7. (Second edltloiL) 

PAoaa OS uid 2S0, The *'Anii]jlieil Indcj:" givea the teula 
of wvcral euuunuuieaLioiis Qui [lossed between Gove mor Frvnklin 
bnd the ruyol authority Jii IfngLuid^ in reference to a pelilJon of 
the Piuahjleriiu elergy in New-Jersey, for ft diarter for iha 
WidoWH' Fund See Index under djites of Slny 11, lT72, Fob. 
2T, April 10, Juno X OcL 18, ITTa. Tha charter waE graiiUd, 



Notes. 



445 



Pace 111. Wm. Morris and Rio^Ard Sjkltor wen Justices of 
the Peace flt Trenton. Got, Bclctcr (Dec 1765) dbapprovcd of 
their f^ourse in comtnitlitig h number of Sueqiiohimnfth and VcU- 
wore liidiflns to jnil, as thej bolonjtod l* PcimBjlTanm. All. 
Tn^Biy p. 'A3Q. See lIeo p. 2tiO. Nor. 1L Suitor wis the come of 
tbe TreoAorer of thu Statu whit, ia October, 1808, ^vaa fieizcJ jn 
his houiie LDTrciiton, and robbedof the publir funds to tho amoLint 
of oleveu thousaod dollHr^ 

PfcOBlflS, llmdutcof 1757, na that of tho lomftTil of tho Col- 
leger, is LncorrocL TIjl' d(iknatJOLi U on pagv IS-t, 

pA.r.E 171. *'Trcnlon, Juno 31, 1761,'' ia tho date of a. loiter, 
from Jc»1in Brainvrd lo Uip Kpi. Enoch Green, wriUen "in 4 
minute or two, an I passed through town'' — printed in tho Preaby' 
teriiin M^iftiuiiif^ OcL 18fi2. 

Pa(je SCO. Ttic CoQimittfiionbra hold thcLr court at Trenton 
from NoFffitiber lath in necemlier .SOtli, I7fl3- Their decision, 
wbiuh yra£ in faror of PoiiDtij'lvania, is kiiovrn aa " tliu Trunton 
decree." {IlttUiiiUT't lIi»lory c/ thi Lftthtvanna VaUej/j p, 69.) 
The Oonunisaioncra were Win. Wliipple, Welcome Arnold. David 
Erearlcy, Williim C^ Houaton^ anil Cjtub tiriffln. The Agents for 
Pctmnj'lvftni* were Joseph lli?eJ,Wni> Bradford, James Wilson, and 
Jona. l>r Sor^anU Tii<tsi! for Conni^eticut wcro Kliphalet Djcr, 
JiKLqe^ Root, eluiI \Xa\. Samuel JohiLSOD. lltiory Oalionie vrui 
Sotkitor. 

PiUE S5a. Mflj 30, 170<1, Mr. Sfiencer, on Modtntor, signed 
tho SjTiod^fl Pnstoral Lttlcr upon the repeal of tho SUnip Aet. 
Tho lottof 19 givan m Bnird'H Bi^at, p. T^flfi. 

Pa«s» 23U uid 201. The name of SA*ati:^ Hill ia in tho grave- 
yard; "born Septombcr 14, ITIfl: !>ied May Tk 1785/' An 
Hiljoining stone ia mnrkod ^'SsuTU JIill : Died Jonimry fl- I8i3, 
BRcd 71 years.*' 

PAfiK il38. Tbn roHulL of tho ciponenco of audi uaca of iho 
Church ae arc rtkted on LhiB mid olhvr pftgc^iS ^ns givua by Mi'h 
Anofitrofig in hia seTiaon at tho openiDg of (Jie new church iu 

3U 



446 



Officers ol 



160$, The poaitiOD taken bj htm in the annexed p&nETkph ia 

now an cflxblj^hed nile or our Trustees- " t know," Eiid the 
pruachi^p " tbat superstition liafi ijfkc cDnTerred upun chiirrbGa 
titogTETQ of enDctitjwhtcb ctui oolf beloDg to tb? cbjeci Qfall rftU-| 
gious worahip. Bui T know also that In the ntt«jupl to wipe out 
this Teatigfl of supcratition^ too many hare awopl mway wjtli it 
Ihnt respect and vtiieratiou nhich vo ought to CLiltiratv fur plici^ 
where God hft» promicM^ hh prcficuco t« his people. Tho Man of 
chnrchc?^ fur purposes not immcdittclj connectfd n-iEfa r«tipona 
exercifiTSt though Innoccbt m it3c]r, mufit have tt tcnilcEicy to 
vc^en our r&spect nnfl vi^nemtion for tbom. Civil, potiUcal, or 
Jiteruy scenes oiiJ D]cliil»itionii« mJn^t'l *t intcrrals, though ikot 
on the Lord's dftj, will more or lest; wcjikon a eeo^e of lhat£qrioaA- 
□cf«i jtad bijlcmnily trhJch Lfl oa^cdUcO KJth a hou&o betapftrt ior 
the woTEbip of GaiL Nothing, tbcrcJurc^ but (U^e»t iLod UQftroiU- 
able uvctQr>iLj aboulii opuu Ibe dix>rs of our tfOrKtuariv^ fur exei" 
ciaea whicti are not immedintolj subservient to the purposes of foil- 
gion or devotion-'* 

Paob 4UQ. Add to the statiuticB liiAt iu tbo time indudod, 2^3 
communicaELts itctc iL^mLsaed by ci^ificate. 



OFFICERS OF TDE TRENTOX CHURCH. 





PASTORl . 


nac-ctt 


. i Datiu Uowkll. 


nci-6G . 


WTLlliM KlBKPiTaJd, (Supply. 


neo-ei 


Elijtu Sj-evcal 


nso-iBia 


JAvra F. AnusTiiOS'o, 


1810-31 


Eauuel Q. tioir, 


1631-24 . 


WtLLLAH J, AAMffmONG. 


ieith-38 


JOHS 3mTB. 


1fi2V-B3 . 


JaMTA W. At-E-IAMJBB. 


1«34-II 


. John W. YeoMasb- 


1141- . ^ 


Joeh Ealu 



Trenton Church. 



447 



ELDRO;) XND I>ElCit!f3, 



Juhn IlfiiidhckHoiit 

net Boojamm Yard, 
HanltUh BoneLl, 
TTiLLianj Tucker, 

1T7L S&raual BLU, { 

SbBJMur OoiralL j 
jHGob OuIq, 
Join Howell, 
Tlmolbj Ittia- 
diickiorL 



IBOS 

lais 

1317 



lfi23 

( lbrlovn."]83C 

"For the 1840 
Old noun." 



DeooDor. 



Ttrr TrcLtOLi." 
1177 Wm. Creon, 

JoKijliGieen- 
1T3Z JobD Eov4>]l- riflncon. 
13B7 AlQXosiIvr CbAmlrBfi, 

DeTijamia Smtth, 

Nathbrila] Furmnn^ 

Ogdon Woodrait"* 
Itai PeUar Ganlou. 
1806 Bor^oaiu Hajdei],f 



1940 



18B0 



n&& 



Niaholai I>ubdi.f 

NBibftoieL BurroircL 

Jo tin B«fllL7, 

Jajnw E wing, 

RoUerl McNeely. 

Joebus 8- ADdsTHD.f 

Jobo VoorhoQB, 

ShuhioI Broartaf. 

TboDuuJ. Striker, 

SUlt G. ruLti 

James i'oUocW, 

FraQcls A, Bvrin^ 

AtiToa A. TTutdilnHDD, 

JohaA^EuULinaoD, 

Be^j. 8, Diabruw, 

JoflepL G. ^roDtley. 

Samuel HobeitB, 

JoBopb G. Brfiorle^, 

JonaLbtm Fitk^ 

RLuhopfl S. Coa1«;^ i Ile^ 

B. Wetlff;p Titat J ootiP. 

AnOrovr lU TIihb, ^ 

WmLimJ.OwMtf^f DeftcOOfl, 

G<iofgo 8. GweTi, 
Auguatoi Cr, lUdiQj. 



r 






mct\as: bui ^t the vlaJi of LDeBmloDbe miuoni lib i-Iacq Jio- 1, 1309. Tterr wii 
j|[|i>|bijr GUsprntlDD vr bli Krvlctii Iel LtslA-l^Tltut bu fe^iUi loukbLiBuAl tad iicLc4 
ujjm hU iIeaUi, ViIT. 4, I^. 

I 31r.'\iid«r!iOD'B uame t;>TKArB lutbc EE[i>Ma of e^uEon noiil 1^€; afLur thla be 
rciquYQil cit JTiUiKli-LiiEilA, nhcni be rsLdcil for soiue f7]tn> but rlMmcd 10 TRDiUh, 
tai dkd (Lvnla JuDdi ]BM,Id bli aliUbib jenr. 



448 



Officers of Trenton, Ewing^ 



T B r ST I E 8 . 



nSG DHTJd Cowell, 

Cbuln Clark, 

Andrew Reed, 

Arthur Howell, 

JoMph Tifd, 

WillLuD Qre«Q, 

Aleiuidw CbAmbara. 
17G0 Uoora Fomimn, via H«ed, 
1TG2 Dbadtoh Howell, v. OoweU. 
17B4 Wm. Kirkpatrick, J if.AHow- 

jAmefl CumEne^ > ell, Yard, 

Abraliam HonL ) and >'iir' 
[man. 
V. Cumise^ 
Kirkpa- 
trick, and 
[Oreen, 
mo Kllhu Spencer, i-. Roed. 
17T1 Joecph TLDdol, v. 0- Howell, 
I7n Bpujamin Clark, v. C Clark. 
1780 Nathaniel FurmanV'TiDdil 
17S3 Uoore FunnaTi) v. Spencer. 
ItSG PHlt«l^udde^ V. B. Clark. 
ITBS Isaac Smitb, v. IS, FunDsn. 
17SB Bernard Haalon, J v. D, Ctuk^ 

Hugh Runjon, > N.FuTmao, 

Uoore Furmaa, ) k Scndder. 



ltG6 Joseph Reed. Jr^ 
Samuel Tucker, 
Daniel CUrk. 



1780 AamD.TVocaniffJ «. Tut^- 

BenjuDiD Smith, y er^ and 

[Raujoo. 

1^09 John BeaUy, \ v. Hulcu, 
Aler. ChuDben^ > & A Chun- 
Jr., ) ber^ Sen. 

LS04 Peter Gordon, v. B«|^, 

130S Jaincfl Ewin^, } v. L SmiUk A 
Peter Hunt, i If. FnrmtD. 

IBU B«Dj. Hajden, v. P. Bant. 
Charln Eirin^ v. B. Bmilh. 

1818 S.L.Soathard,P.Woodn]7. 

1822 John Beattj, v. A^ Hunt 

1823 JohnaChunbei^ir, J.BwiDg, 
18S0 Amoe Eartlej^ j v.Ckirdan, 

EbeneiWT P. Koee, > Southard, 
Betijamln Fuh, ) and A. 
[ChRmbera^ 

1S2G Cbarlea BtUTonebe, ir. Eartlej. 

lfiS3 Hetjry W, Green, \ v. G Ew- 

Armitage Qtwd, V nigj Hay- 

Thoe. J. StrrkflT. ) den, and 

[Bealtj. 

1&38 Sam'lR. Hamilton,) v. Chun* 
X J'Uajnaid, { ben and 

[BCWL 

ISSO Geo. 3. Green, )v. A. Green 
U 



Wm.G.Cook. 



Uajiurd, 



PASTORS OF EWING, 

(or TRENTON FlHST CUURCE^) BINCE 3BPARAT0W RtOM TOWN CHriCH. 

1789-1821 Joseph Hue, 18fi8-A P. DeVeaFe. 

1823-1866 ElEr,Coolay. 



Lawrenccvillc and Pennington. 



b 



PASTORS OF LAWRENCEVILLE, 

U30-3a H«iirj Axiell. U&l^ AhnbMtn Qc&oma. 

PASTORS OF PESNINGTOK, 

173T-aA Joba Guild. niG-^i B^pjumiu Ogden. 

nSA-iasO JoAepb Ru«. IfiS^ Geor^D UhLe, 

ELDERS OF PENNINGTON. 

[FBDH TffE BEGINVTNa TO THH FRBSXtfT TlUK.) 



Eary-h AnoiUge. 
BotibAD AniiLtAgo, 
KphrdcD TLtua, 

NathAtL hi Lint, 
John Smith, 
AbraliAiu ?]tteitger» 
John Hunt, 
Jobn Uulrhflidi 
John Curpenier, 
J«eo OLrifitophor, 
KBLbaDiel Burro wo^ 
Cluu-lM WollLiig, 

Jacob Hon; 
Isniel Hart, 
John HoD: 



Tana Tlliis; 
Daaid G. Howell, 
Aaron Hart, 
Enocb Kcli^Bin, 
TlieopLUus Furnuia, 
JoJkb TLlca, 
EdmooJ Tloborlfi. 
Liua ^Blliog, 
Jonpb Titn^ 
KfltbHoiel R. TiLUi^ 
John Gullrl Muirheid, 
Auruh Hunt, 
John SLciLh HoQti 
BaujUTLia S. Holt, 

Enoch AnniUge Tlliu^ 
WiliioQ BlflckwelL 



DEACONS OP PENNINGTON 



TilUB HatK 
Solaokon TJtdfl, 
Edmund l^bfartd, (Son.,) 



Jula DaviKiOt 
Daniel G. HotveU, 



450 



Officers of Pennington 



AkTOU Hart^ 
Enoch Ketcfaam, 
Beojamln HotT, 
Aodrew Tittup 
Bcuben Titu<v 



Gcorg© "WoolBoy, 
Jamc* BDrnfDgh^ 
JouaCbvi Smith Fart- 



TRUSTEES. 



The carlieat record of a meeting of the congregftUoD of '* Th* 
FJret Prcsbytcmn Church of Hopewell/' b*Mn tUte SepUmber 
90th, 178B ; when the eeren following were elected Traaiceei, 

nftmely: 



Juhn Welling, Jr, 
Joljn Smiih, 
John Price Hunt, 
Amoa Ui>ore, 



Stephen Burrc vc^ Jc 

Nathaniel Hart, 

Dr. Hetekiab SCUea WooOniO; 



Subsequently, atTarious time^, those ntmed below btTe been 
elected : 



Heurjr Beker, 
John Umrheid, 
John Vfincleve, 
Ephraim Woolvej-, (Sen ,) 
Enoch Htin^ 
Stephen Ticufl, 
Jo«e Hunt, 
Jflaae Uoore, 
£?tcphen Hunt, 
John Cariienter, 
Jatnea SLavenBon, 
Kuoch Kelcham, 
Edmund Roberta^ 
Charlen 'Welling, 
George Uuirheid^ 
BajnuaL Hoore, 



Aaron Haif, 
JostabHart, 
Andrew Titua, 
Joaeph Titoi; 
John Guild Muirbeid, 
Garret J. Schenck, 
Girialopher L Wjukoop, 
George Woolaey, 
Asa Hunt, 
Stephen B. Stoiibf 
WilHam T. Blackwoll, 
JoQiUhAn S. Hartr 
George R^ Cook, 
Ephrsim TToo^aey, 
John Ellia Burd. 



and Titusvillc- 



4SJ 



TITUSVILLB, 



Tho Prpabjkrinn congregation of Titjavillo wns fonaod by & 
Cfi]atiy frDin fJiB FcDningtnn Church, connKting of tbirty-fira 

orgHnized on the tunth of January, 1J*U, Tha flrfit paator, Iha 
Rot- Gatrat Van ArtwlalcD, niia ordaincid uad in^Ulled Mjij 22i1, 
1B44. Flia p»storftJ rolulion atiw di^solTorl Frbruarj M, IHCa. 
On the RjurLcenth of Sfpt^nibcir, 1652» Ibo Unj. Jusso B, DaTia 
VHS installed pastor, fLod atill r^ontinuoa, 

Thfl nAmeH of the officers of tbU church aad coiigregntion areoa 
falloiTs : 



ELDERS. 



Joseph TitOEf 
Bdmiuid Roberts, 
TbeopbLlLit Knui, 



Jcnph TlLub, 
TLoodore Foff, 



Jglin WdliDf, 
Theodore Hoff- 



DCACOS. 



Fliilip T. Hvnt, 
John JobD»n, 



FIRST MEMBERS OF NEWBRUNSWICK PHESBrTERT. 



At the end of the fiflh Tolume oflhoRcMrda of tlic Preiibylery 
of KcW'Briiiiawii:ti is " A CaUlogue trf" Ministers ntid CfliididAloa 
who LftTo bocn members of, or belong to, Iho Presbytery since 
the lime of it^ Urst copstHution, Au^uAt 8. iTSa." Thi^ CMta> 
logiie is armngcd to giro to each name tlio dates of liccnBt, ordina- 
tion, ind roception by Presbytery, from irhence rcfripud, the 
pOiloroJ charge, dinnsea of charge, date of diamiaaion, to what 
body diiunisHodr date of death, and mi&ccllDncoufi iicms. The 



452 



First Members 



Cfttalogue continued to Febnuiy 1» 1859, nombert abont fire 
huodred uid eaghtj. The " Cuididfttu" on the liat App«r to be 
only such as wer« in due time licenflad by this FnthjUny. I 
wish I had room for the entire docmnoit, but most be Mtifified 
with tnuscribing the flrat one hundred and Mrentoen &»ni«fl, 
(which embrace aJl to the jev 1600,) with the date of ordiuation 
aBf^asgiren. The flrst flre were the ordinal membera from the 
Presbytery of New-Yorit ; 



GQbert Tanaaiit, 
John Cron, 
Eleazar Walee, 
imiLam TeiuieDt, 
Samuel Blolr, 
JohD Rowland, 1739, 
JuDoa McCrea, 1741, 
'Wm, BobioHoa, 1741, 
JamM Campbell, 1713, 
Samuel Fifiloy, lliS, 
"Wm. Tenoeat, Ben^ 
Bichord Treab, 
Samual Sodcet^ 1T12, 
David Youngs 1742, 
Qhail&i UcEnighC, 1744, 
CharlnBeatty, 1743, 
Wm. Dean, 
Joeeph Lamb, 
Andrew Huater, UiG, 
Daniel Lawreaoe, 1747, 
Jamee Davenport, 
JobPniddan, 17&7, 
Thomaa Lewi^ 
JohQ Campbell, I7li0, 
TJinDlby Mlttn^ 
Benjamin Cheannt, 1701, 
lerael Rwd, 1750, 



Sunoel Keimedy, 175J, 
John Todd, Hfil, 
BLiab Byrvn, . 
Samoel Haik«r, 1762, 
Henry Uartm, 
Conraifqa Wortz, 1762, 
Benjamin Hai^ 1765, 
Jeremiah Ealaey, 1767, 
David Cowdl, 
Jobn Guild, 

Wm. Kirkpatrick, ns9. 
Alex Uacwborter, 1759, 
Samuel Davloe, 
Joba Carmicbael, 
John Clark, 1 76 1, 
Ji^m Haona, 1761, 
Wm. Um% 1768, 
James Caldwell, 176^ 
Jamee Hunt, iTao, 
Joeepb Treat, 1763, 
Amoe Tbompaon, ]7A3» 
Samuel Parkhunt, 1763, 
Tbomaa SmiUi, 
Elibu Spencer, 
Vt'm. Tennenu Jr^ 1763, 
Enoch Green, HCS, 
Jacob Kfir,17fl3, 



^^^^B of Ncw-BrunswiciC Prcsbj-tcry. 453 1 


JaiD«Ljoti, 1764, 


IraCiJDdia^ ITS?. 


NEitbin K«r. 1703. 


James Unlrn 


Divid ^:a]dweU, 17 «1, 


Abb DoDkamr n%T, 


Jifha RdBhraugTi, \1iii. 


Walter UoDteilh HB?, 


Frandfl Pflppard, 


Jamea F. Armitrong, 


Simon WillidBll, 


Aohbel Grod, 


AlfliBiLderUltcUeL 


ThojDds Onni, 17ftK 


J(»DBt]]&n iiM wards, Jr, 


Dwiiol [4jr Donus] 0, OiUvt, 


JiruBB TbompBon, 


Gilbert T. Saondeu, ITOt^, 


JatiD Bfair, 


Adflm Raafiiij, ^ 


J»cob VooarladiJon, 17TI, 


Crms GildBrste«rc, 1702, ^^M 


Jolm ^VLLheraptxFQ, 174a^ 


Joha J. Caile. ^^U 


Jolm SiDipBon, 


QhnTita V^ Gr«-n. ^^M 


Wm, aobt^ncK mi, 


SiE{Al*fO VoDchDCB) ^^H 


JJeXArder UrLftm^ 


SioiLiel F^ SDOVdQfl, ^^itn. ^^M 


Culob WdlBce, 


Darid DDrclny, 17*J4. ^H 


MoapB Allen, 


Thnmiks Hickman, ^^H 


John Dobow, 1176, 


Ilabert Fider, 179^^ ^^| 


OUyer Heeae, 


Hallovji; HudI^ 1795, ^^M 


Jinvft Gourlflj, 


Sob^ RuHcU, 


PbJJip QCockLon, 1713, 


JoKph Caldvrcll, 


Hugh WhlM, 


GBOrge SMtl, HUS, 


John Warford, mfl, 


WiP, aSlMD, 17S0, 


Gnrge FhILoqIb, 1177, 


ADdrew IluulBr, 


m JgTiTi WoodhuM. 17TD, 


Geo. Spa Cord Wcodhuir, 1198^ 


^H Samael S- Sinltb, 


KbeuDior Giant, IBDO, 


^H Fetf r ^Vi]lhon, llSi, 


DflTid ComibrL, 1^00, ^^1 


^^^ Joseph Rao» 17 til, 


M. Lerua PcrTini?^ ] aO<t, ^^| 


Joffiph CInr-k, liei, 


Jolin Comell. 1300, ^H 


HUBSClf 


I^BlhuiieJ HarrlB. ^^M 


Wei, Boyil, 1734. 


J 



^^^E3EB^^H 


INDTHlT ' 


TO SUBJEUTSj AND TO B00E8 OITEP. 


A<»dein7, 151, 326, 331 I Bddwia, 43 


"AJflm," ^*P2 


Buicron'B BiBtory. ]S 


AdflEs' U1& ind Works, lOT, 375, 


Buk, 243, 403 


3^9, 341 


Birdkj, 19 


AUkou'n Bibl«, 3^9 


BuncH, 330 


Altera, a<i 


BvETKlU, Kl 


iiiexaDilfir, A., 343T, 3S3, 389, 101, 


BuHa'iB9ed,99, 06,440 


lOfi, 120 


Battle of rrautati, 241, 41)3 

Bftjlc'fl DIctJODBiy, 444 L 


Alexander, J.W^ 29], 392,406,420, 


121 


Bsflke^ r>3, nfi 


Alliaau, 433 


Boj*aj, Jubn, 235, 402 


AravreJ], 181,131, 1B9 


'^ CO, 300. 404 


AndcreDp, (or Audris,) Joshofl, 30, 


'* Ej-kurioH, 404 


&1 


Baleher, IH, 213 


AndBisin. CornollTW, 3o, 3fi 


BHl, 'J4fi 


ElijLkim. TS, 


Ballamy, lOS 


Enoch, SO, 30,64. fi3 


XtL^LerJMu, 73, 241^ 


" Hifllor/ of Odlonlfel ' Belvillf^ 31S | 


Church, ]<j7 


BelEevitlA, 44, m 


AndfevfS, Jedediah, 31, 13, 7& 


helhuntf, 391 


Atdi Street Churcb, 69 


CkUlG PduUtig, 339 


ArmiUEB. E^ 43, 44, 4S, 87, 109, 


" SjoaUc*, 21. 307 


lia, 141 


HidillGr S02 


Anniu^, R, 43 


Birihop, 37 1 


AndfltPQDg, J, Ft 6fl, 395, 409 


ULkira, 2Eib 


■■ Mrs,, a4T, 4U 


BiHka'H Bidg. riciionm^, 3:10 


•' W, J., B89 


BLiMoiJ^elii. 361 


Arnold, 03 


Bolton's lliftlorr, 107 


AAnnpink, 24 


Bonaparto, 347, 430 


'* Narigatian, 40& 


Bond, n^^ :i34 




BriQhvn, ^0 


£ai]Bf's TrsTQlfl. Ti 


Boa well, 421, 433 


Balubridgo, 3(J, 37u, 444 


Bojd. I'l, aB7 


fiulnj, 365, 3U0 


Bludaer. 41 


" UlgMt, 444^ 445 


Jlrvtj«rd, 171, eoa, 4i& 



Index to Subjects, and to Books cited. 



BreaHef, iOV^ 411, 420, 434 
Bridgo,i03 
BtiMOb'B TnTelis 345 
BritlAin, 2&& 
Brown. L V„ 3Ba 
Bryuit, 235, 430 
BiTwly, 30 

Bumabj'a TnvBl^ 100, 101 
Burr, 117, 123, 1G3 
BurrougbB, 3fi, 36 
Burrowed 394, 409 
Burt,20S 

C*dval>dw, 9T, 112 

CaJI, 61 

CwfipBEgii, SoaChem, 303 

CompbelL'i - Cbuuslku^" 31S 

Carle, 22^,332 

C»m&hiib, 393 

CapLtal. n, S., 292, 43fi 

OaatigUoDl, 34 T 

**Cato." 191 

Cha]klflj'« JoDTDn], 20! 

Chambers Farailj, J21, l&B, ItiO, 

Cbipio. 42V 

Chapl^ricie^ 170, %i^, 30T, 273, 

300, 303 
Charter, 1&4, 284,313 
ChAfltellur, TravTDlfl, STS 
GiDdaDMtl, The, 337, 33B 
Clarlu, :fl,l6B, 156 
CLarkKm, 122 
Cleayton, 3G 
OlioflOpbLc Society, IIS 
CluDDS, 249 
Golemon, 30 
College of Xev-Jenef, 116, 121, 

133, IZSO 
GolliD^ 323 
Com minion, 93 
CoDgTMB, Jourualfl of) 263, 278, 

435 
CoDBtltutioD, 322 
CoDTeDlioD, 137 
CooLflj, U, 390, 40a, 425 
Coppon^ 31 T 



Coraer-fltone, SM 
ComwaUl^ 260, 23 G 
Con]frell,43 
C«b/, 152 
OoUnam. 238, 248 
Cov^U, Rev, D., 67 

Dr., 231 
"" EbeD««r, 233, 238 

John, 294 
Coxfl^ 236 
Craighead. 94 
Cmptmrj, 84 
Creed, Dr.. 247 
Croolcahaok'e HiatCHT, 16 
Cumine^. 194 
Cufler, 426 

Dasworlhy, 35. 76, 111, 146, 196 

Damages, 2H 

Dauphin, 231 

Daviee, 90. 122, iSfl, 128, 131, 131, 

137,170.213 
Da7ifl,3D. 33, 36 
Doaae, 36 
Debow, 277 
Decov, 240 
DedtoUoD, 355 
Deeda, 29, 33,35,55.440 
DekljD, 234 
Delaware FaUh, 23, 443 
DerueHe, 426 
Dickinaon, UL, 43. 47 

P., 4a«, 43S 
DodLvra, 11 
Dod,425 

Douglas's Snmmarj, 23. 104, 444 
Duboia, 63. 224, 301, 384 
Duffleld, 263 
Dunbar, 407 
Dutcb ColoaiBts, 

Esat-Jersp; Presbytery, 49 
Eayre, 33, 444 
"Ecco Jesum," 212 
KdmuudAon'e Travtlii, 20 
Edvardfl, St., 125, 210 
Jr^ 204 



Index to Subjects, and to Books cited iii 



Bdnrdfl' Llfa ot Bnltterd, 308, 


Fumiu, 43, lis, L4A, I«S, 


IH 


209 


383, 304 




Blj, 394 






KEJiHcopal Church, 103, 300 


GeuoniL ABsecnbl;, S19 




Bp^Tapliti, 20, 144, 189, 190, 303 


Gibbfe^B F«denl AdnliilMniiaM, 


239, 244, 266, 38B, 3T&, S8G, 


390, 440 




3^4, 397, 4<il. 109. 407, 409, 


Gifflrrgf 13 




431,432 


Gillk^'a CollecUonis 87 




KrBkiiicfi, 348, 31 fl 


Gordon, 364, 299, 403 




Woriifl, an 


Gospel FropAgilion Sodelj, 


gtt- 


Er«Dfi, 41 


lor7, 103 




Bv«nLt, 4B 


Go«pel Propa^Uob Socwtf, 


Kb- 


Ewliij; Cnurcti, 38, 36, 37. 448 


BUacLi, 105 




'' Jatne^ 406 


GouEd, 109, 202 




ClihTlcii. 3H, 413, 431 


GowDp, 3S1 




" FniTidfl A., 69. 360, 41B, 


GruTe-jard, S4, 370, 379 




120, 431 


Qiasn, I6S 




Ewine, John, 3fi3 


" Dr. A., 89, 323, 588 




■' " " Semmi, 3*3 


" Hia Auto-iUfmoiT, 09 




" UaekeU, 383 


'' Notea and DieeourHfi, 


u% 


BiBininitEion*', 297 


118 




ExecuUon, 91, 149 


Grellet, 838 




K]l«ge9i^ 1G9, 343 


GnfflnFuneTBl Bermoii bj, IS4 




QuUd, 61, 96, 134 




F*U9 f'T D^lrnvran, 9^, S3, 443 


Hale, 39, 44, 40. 




Fojl«7, 38 


Hall, 424, 420 




Faftt-dty, 337 


" E R. H.'b OraU<ffl, ua 




fItM'p Miuutv, 187 


Uslatcd'fl «i porlF, 337 




ProvmctsL Court*. 30], 337 


flamtlteD, 410 




" on Tenu&iii, 96 


HanUtp, 349 




FiDlej, B2, 129, 131, 175* 183.^33, 


Hardin, 30 




334, 3^0 


Barker, 178, 3tT 




Fire Company, 334 


Bart, 31, 76, 301 




Filch, 2&0 


Harden, 403 




FirruiiigLon, 336 


UcDth, 33 




"Fliiii. Dr.," 291 


Heury, 267,419,436 




FooieV yDnh-C»rolin% 319, 321, 


BaatoD, or tlafttoD, 3S 




23B 


H\^b^ ^41,438 




Fooie'n Vir^niit, 123, 313 


HiJdralh'iHrtttor;, 10,440 




FiirleKUP, 34B 


Hill, 229, 231, 446 




Fourth Church, 428 


HiBtoTj, Church, 33 A 




Frahklici'B Ufv nud Wriiing^ 8&, 


" Doeumantarj o(lS. T^ 


107, 


240, 3&3 


210, 283, 2a2. 




Fnukhu'i Coir»poLdi-i,ce^ 44a 


HiMorical CollKtkmfl dl it. J 
96 • 


.", 


Frmnan, 161, U3 




Frelibghajten, 393 


BEatoiical •* Fans^ 


lOi 


TiamM, 146 


" 1&>'>^ 


310 


S7 







IV 



Index to Subfcco;, and CD Bookfl cited. 



HiMorj, SI. S3 

Boat, or Hon*, liO, Ul 

Koofc, II 

Hooprr. Hrt. Ui, Ml. 3W, 4*4 

HohhU1,7TS 

HMdiD, lOi, tit 

HouMfli, 303, aOB, 4i» 

Uow, 340, 3S4. 3«S, 4S0 

Howflll, 34. IfrT. IftS, l«l 194. I 

240, 2se 

Hinprfirtsj"* HintoTT, 103, 104 

li<iF]'"r iSf-. 341 
lluiit«rdon, 3t, 444 
)[uU!hiijiioii, 33, 430 

ll« |{UUMJ. 103 

In-rc.rpomUun of PreahjWry, 343 

IrU^ thhtnigl*. % n I 

Irvlijtf** Ufo of WMliiDgVin. 311, i 

[rw\n, SBl 

Ji-rr-'funn^ii Life tnd Wrrki. 3ft7, 440 

" K»licUlK3H7. 34'i 

Tut^kflf'p, 3B1 

J-iliri».UHi'>i Autobiognphr. 344 
July Kiiuflh. 337 

Kilm'iiTr»vBto 33.97. M« 

KHll^ 44 

ICiuiriiburT, T6 

Kifkp-lTloK, IM, l««. 'W- l»l. 

437 
K-ilUx-k, 843, 40S 

LkdiM' OommlUM, 3TB 
UfkyflUe, 4U4 
Ldor, SM 
UDOUbcr, 400 



1«.U 

300 

UrR«eTiJ^ 37, 3S. 31 
l^wmuDD, 30 

lAviie, II 

Lcp^cias 14», iMy !». 194, iM, 

Ml, M4, 2*y ta^J9%434 
Lev^wm^TnTC^ 400 

UiiWworih. 24, 443 

LiTiDgMon, m. 307, 39a 30*. 3>ft 

Lodurt. 30 

Idg CoUvffe^ b^ AlBKUbdar, B3, SC 

104 
Loci0Bcr«'i Gftllcrf, 431 
L«MO>r'< Pi^ Book. 190, 271 

LoUarle-, lOA. 113, 110.353 
Lovrej, 250, 279 
Lomy, 434 
I^^i Tmvfllfl, 361 
Ljon, 183 

ICiLObilft/fl Hiitorr, LI, 13 
Uuwhorter, 104. 107, 10». 317. 

370 
UcDoveU, 3B0 
UcEniffhl, 203 
tfcNwIj. 409,411 
UftdlBon Pa pen, 436 
MaidoDhoAd. 30, 37. 31 
Uap, 30 
IfHpla, 30 

Uuflb»ll'fl WuhiDglon. 333 
Uattier, 46 

Uatlil", r>r UfltriLu, 340 
UvJiuiLbuK, 44 
AiEtdiiiia, lU 
BJoliflh'iiTrHv^lii, lOl 
bfi<rwillH> 341 
Ucanler's UeiiiDriiJ. 340 
Uh^UAl^ 8t, 38, 34. 103, 106, 

107, 369 
Ificbux, 340 
UillBT. 30B, on,OT3, i9Q, 401, 400 



Index to Subjects, and to Books cited. 



Monroe, 40ft 
MoDtffomcr;, 226 

HOTMU. 3it 
MuT|[«1l, 4fi 

iCorri*. 29, 16, 436 

*■ Papen of Lbwh. 20, 74^ 
1% 161 
Uarmj'B EliEkbethtowu, 166 

NoihaizioDj, l», Se, tSl. 2&1 

LegiBlitore, 101. ftS4, 
302, 320 
Nbw- JerHj BiwaliTe Comapood- 

NettletoD, 4tD 

ftfewipapera, 108 

Nortb-CftTOliD*, 107, ai3. MU, 221, 

361 
yotiltigh«in flenuon, Bfl 

Occom, 377 
Offlofln, 448 

"Oldchuroh.*' aa, sa 

Old ud N«w SidM, 89 
OlflmlxoD's Quurj, 11, 13, 104 
Orme'B Lifp uf Bixter, 14 
Orr. 41 
Odboro, 419 

Ptdua, 3 BO 
Paper mill, 331 

PHTBonagVP, a2. fiO, 11«, 312, SIA 
PHfltorH, 446, US, 449, 461 
Piirion, 237,210 
PumbBrtoD'a Sertu^m, 94 
PijaiiLDgtoD. 36, 42, 449 
PBrsecuijon, is 
Pettit, 197 
Pews. 260 

PhiladsLphift Cburches, 19, P9, 199 
Ne«ep«p«re, 93, 94, 
106, 116, 120,163, 199 
FbiUipo, 30 
Fidgwm, 236, 14fl 
PliiA StnM, 19a, 199 



FiDkortoi], 237 

Poem, 36 

Pollock, 412, 420 

Porterflfild, M, 72 

PoMOffioeylOO 

PoUer^ Otild, 3 BO 

PoUa, 260^ 264, 360 

PnjreT, 3fiG 

/VenceJo, 242 

ProBbjieriu UBguiiie, 4i>, 446 

Pr»bjt«7, Usmben nf^ 4fi| 

Prwb;t«ri», 40. 48. 46, 86. 86 

Pru»,30 

Prieet'* Trftvel^ 22 

Propiielon, ]D 

Prcmt,36. 76,109 

Puluki, 439 

PuriUuA, 9 

Qutkerat 9, 10 
Qqinor'i fiittofy, 69 

Rah\ 19% 170 

Baamj, 186 

BauA'i U«Dioir, 393 

RfloordB of PnabjIflTun Ohnroh, 

41. 49. BO, 82h 181.164,313 
EUed, 38, 74, 75, 110, 111, 118, 

167, 163, 19S.446 
B««d, LifBmnd CortflBpond^Dce, 197 

" UemoLr, 197 

*' iCra., LiTflo^ 187 
R«ed0T, 36, 366 
Revel, 39, 440 
lUvj^ 83 
Riddel, 14, 15 
RifKi, 331, 366, 416 
Riker'd Annalis 36, 36 
Riii^4a, 71, I to 
BocberbncauH's TtatbIa, 101, 346 
Rod^n, 222 
Rogera, 434 
RniBborouirb, 267 
Rosco«, 366 
Rowlud, 84, 66, 67, 96 
Ri»»61 
BuojOD, 80, 368 



vi Index to Subjects, and to Books cited. 



RnibMfbrd, 34« 

BftbiiuV Loynliitt, 137 
Sft^ket, 30. 36, 40 

BiObj;, 173, i7fi, 1»L 305, 130, 

813 
SAlmflgnndi, 34 T f 

BarjCQt, 437 

" Hiatory, lOi 
fiaXii-'Wvimv'a TnTels, 40S , 

Bdiism, 83 
6diod, 130 
Soot, 13 

Scoi'0 Uodd. Ifr 
Bcotoh ColoDivj^ 9 
ficQddtr, 3a, T3. Ti^lft 
Sea1,3U 

BMoadChQrcb»431 
Sed^wjck'd Life of IdTingBti>D» 201, 

a02, 201,339 
Bergnot, 28 V 

BattiaineDt of Kav^Jomji 9 
BttTftnu, or SerenacQ, or SifiBTona, 

Bhard, 349 

Bhermao, 396, 897 

BtieiTvrd, 383 

Bbippen Papers. 103 

8mct«ir. or St. Ohir, 101, 102 

Binder, 249 

Bcpith, 30. 32, 36, 42, 64. 343> 366, 

336, 3 A3 
Smilb't tlJUorjr, 24,443 
^oulhard, 397, 416, 431 
6(WTkftV Library, 253, (Sea FtbdIe- 

liii aLd Wuhk]|;ta[j) 
Bpflticer. 122, 136, 207. 203, 445 
8praK<ie'«ADu*]a. 213, 2)33,269,377 
eprosl, 199 
fliaer- '^4. 34 
BuiDdardB. 322 
SiHnirard,3T3 
SUughEon, 433 
fiwama'a Newftric, 1^3 
Blirlia^ 103 



Blookioo, 300, 306, SM 
Siflpe Church, 99 
StroDfT, 309 
Siuddiford, 390 
Summeraeld. 404 
Sundaj'SchoolB, 333 
SuLdiff^a TnvA^ 347 
S^DOdo, B9, 96, 216,313 

ToDDODt^ 4S, 19, 64. 96« 133, 1<» 

" SfinnoD^ 164 
TftDcent Cliurc^, 30 
TbeoIo|ticBl Semmuy, 367 
Third ChuTCh, 436 
ThcHDu'a HiBUry of Priotiiig, 330 

TbOEDpCDD, 206 

Long Isluid, 251 

TidM 363 

Tiuicom, (Tohikftn,) 167 

Tncj'fl Life of Evort^ 393 

Trflnl,3ft, 63.443 

TreDton, 30, 63, 66, 73, 97, 9& 101 
Dw:rM, 445 
Naw9p*perB paotim 

TnMeot^ 164, 13il, 447 

Tucker, 34, 200, 303, 234, 374 

"Odmg.^" 106 

Diawr, 17 

Udiod Fin CompAuy, 334 

Updike, 30 

^■0, P. P. a. Q. V *01 

Van Vlaek. 47 
Vftuit. Gi. 151 
Tod Vegblen, £46 
VoorhMB, 393. 409, 411 

Wiuidell, 365 
WdDsey'ri TraveK ^3, 346 
WBrFurd, 190, 372 
Warrell, 111, 114, 339 
WaahiiigLm, 333, 3lU 344. aT» 
Mm, ^41, 351 
'• Writing*, 279. J 33, 

4(i3, 438 
WiHhiDKiOD BaneTttJept Boctstr. 

369 



Index to Subjects, and to Books cited. vii 



" Uemnim, lOl 
WbhM&r, S32. in 

'' Hisiorj, flA 
Wdd'BTmveU lOl 
Wstcoti'H Lire of Fi^h, fl«ft 
^Vharmo, 369 
^buton'a Reports, 1277 
WbHe, ZSIh i26 
Wbitoflfild, at 

Joumsbs 91, 03 
Wbitebtul'B But-JflrsQj, lA 

PwihAmboj, M, 106, 



Whitebaad^H ADtlfiial lodeT, 441 

Whitt1s»7^ Ule ol Fitch, 165 

Vidowa' Fund, OB, 380, W4 

^illeti'd Idfa of SummBrflsLd. 4(M 

Waiiama, 353 

Wilnii, 66, aa^ ^£15, 4S3 

Wimern 31fi 

Wilt 249 

Wodrow'a History, U 

Woodruff, 396, 3»7 

WooboT* ^Bp 3*S 
Yard, 40. !'•&, Ill, kfrl, 157, ISA 
Yule Cullt^, 43, 46> 
YMmu^4Ifi, 433, iSfi, 438 



arHHV 




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