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HIST^Yi.vV

or THi . ^.-.* - ;- -

REBELLION IN SCiM^tAND

III

1745, 1746.

VOL. ir.

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HISTORY

or THE

REBELLION IN SCOTLAND

1745: j?^; :

" -

BY ROBERT CHAMBERS,

AUTHOft or ^TaADinoiis or XDnrBUKGH, " &c.

IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. IL

EDINBURGH:

PRINTED FOR CONSTABLE AND CO.

Aim
HURST, CHANCE AND CO. LONDON.

1827.

▼1 CONTENTS.

rAQK

CHAPTER IX.
Charles's Wanderings— The Long Island .... 147

CHAPTER X. *

Charles's Wanderings— Skje •.,..•••. 15S

CHAPTER XL
Charles's Wanderings— Mainland ...... 195

CHAPTER XIL
Trials and EjLecutions 899

CHAPTER Xlil.
Prince Charles in France • • . • 266

CHAPTER XIV.
Conclusion S86

Notes to Yolviu Svcomo 901

HISTORY

Olf

THE RERFJiLION

OF •

1745, 1746.

CHAPTER 1.

THB BATTLE OF FALKIRK.

Upt And rin aiw^ Hawley,
Up> and rin awa, Hawley I
Tak' care, or Charlie's gude claymore
I May gi*e your lugs a claw> Hawley !

Jetcobite Stmg,

It was near four o'clock, and tl^ stonn was ra«
i pidly bringing on pfetnature darkness, when Haw-
ley ordered his dragoons to advance, and commence
the action. As already mentioned, he had an idea
that the Highlanders would not stand against the
charge of a single troop of horse ; much less did
he expect them to resist three regiments, amount-
ing to thirteen hundred men. The result showed,
however, that he was completely mistaken, and
that there was not a greater fallacy in militaiy science
than one then prevalent throughout Europe, that
i cavalry were indispensable and tantamount in an

'^ VOL. II. A

8 THE BATTLB OF FALKIRK.

army. Colonel Ligonier himself is said to have
expressed his surprise at Hawley's order ; and the
men showed most unequivocally that they thought
it the height of rashness. Advancing slowly and
timidly towards the Highland lines, they no sooner
received the fire of their opponents, than, without
discharging a single piece, or staining a single
sword with hlood, they wheeled about with one
consent, and retreated. , Ligonier's and Hamil-
tons — ^the cravens of Preston— rushed headlong
over the left; wing of, their own foot, who lay upon
their faces ; bawling as they went along, <' Dear
brethren, we shall all be massacred this day ! " '
Cobham's, with only a lesser degree of cowardice,
galloped in a body down the ravine between the
two armies, so as to receive the fire of the whole
Highland line as they went along.

The Highlanders, according to an order frmn
Lord George Murray, having only fired at the
dragoons when they were wiUiin half pistol-shot,
the volley they gave brought a considerable num-
ber to the ground, including several officers of dis-
tinction, and, in ih^ graphic language of Dougal
.Graham, caused many others to swing in their -sad-
dles It would appear also, that this sudden firing
when so near the dragoons, had the good effect of
staggering and turning the raw horses of at least
Ligonier's and Hamilton's ; an effect not extended
to Cobham 8, because that regiment had previously
stood fire in Flanders.

From this general disgrace, there was but one
small, though honourable exception, in the con-
duct of a portion of the troops who happened
to be near Lieutenant-colonel Whitney ; a brave
officer, who had remained behind his retreating

TffB BATTLB &^ FALRf&lC. 9

horse at Pirestoh, thon^ woanded in the swoH*
am. Inspired probably by the conrage of thk
officer, and with him at ^ir head, this Ut^
band made the charge with great spirit. As the
Colonel was going forward to the attack, he re-
cognised J<^n Roy Stuart, a former fiiend, and
cried out, ** Ha ! are yon there ? we shall soon
be np with yon. " Stoart exclairaed in Teply»
** You shall be welcome when yon come, and, by
6-—, you shall haye a warm reception ! " * Al*
most at that moment, the unfortunate leader r»-
oeiFed a shot, which tumbled him lifekes from tlie
saddle. His party rushed resistlessly through the
hitmt line of the Higfalaaders, tnunpling down aH
that oj^NMed ihem. But their bravery was ua-
anuling. The Highlanders, taught to fight in all
postnres'and under every variety <yf cirenmstanaes»
tliengh Hkrown upon their backs beneath the feet
of the cavalry, used their dirks in stabbing the:
horses under the belly, or, dragging down the mea
hy iheir long-skirted coats, engaged with them m-
mortal struggles, during which l^bey seldom fiiiled
to poniard their antagonists. The diief of Ckn-
rauild was overwhelmed by a dead horse, from
which he could not extricate himself, wfyen one of
his own clan tumbled down beside him in the
arms of a dismounted dragoon. From his aitiia--
tion he could not well make his condition known
to any more distant clansman, and it almost ap-
peared that his existence depended upon the sac-
cess which this man m^ht have with the dmgoon.
After a brief btt dreadful interval, the Highlander,
contrived to stab his foeman, and then sprung to
Fslieve his prostrate chief. '
- The dragoons being thus disposed of. Lord

IQ THB BATT&& OF VAXiKIRK*

G«<nrge Mturay) who from hb Bitnatioii did not
we m«ch of die Englkh army^ ordered the Kep-
poeh regiment to keep their ranks, and sent tbp
same command to the rest of the MacDooald
corps*. But nothing oonld restrain the impetnovs
hsayery of these men, who, running forward, and
loading their pieces by the way, were immediately
ready to attack the Royal infantry, now disorder-
ed hy the retreat of the dragoons. Receiring one
imperfect fire from the front line of the English,
or rather from the confused mass into which the
flank had been thrown, they rushed down hill, fir-
ing their pieces as they went along ; and then fell
(m^ sword in hand. The fury with which thejr
made this charge was such as nothing could resist;
and in a moment the whole upper or southern half
of the araiy simultaneously gave way* having al-
ready found th^ pieces almost us^ess with th^ '
luib, and being apparently convinced that it was
impossiUe to oppose both the Highhmders and die

The individuals, who from the steeple of Fal-
kirk beheld this extraordmary spectacle^ used to do-
acrtbe the .main event of the battle as occupying
te amazingly brief space of time. They first mm
the English army enter the misty and storm-co-
vered Qioor at the top of the hill ; then saw the
dull atmosphere thickened by a fest-roUing sufokot
and heard the pealing sounds of the discliaige;
immediiHiely after, they saw the discomfited troops
burst wildly firom the thunderH^loud in which they
bed been involved, and rush, in far<4pread diser*
der, over the spacioua face* of the hill. From the
commencement till what they picturesquely styled
** the hnak of the battle, •" thwe did not int^rretie

THE BATTLE OT FALKIRK. 1 1

iiMHre than ten minutes ;— no soon may an efficient
V body of men, for whose united strength no feat
might seekn impossible, become, by one transient
onotion of cowardice, a feeble and c<mtemptiUe'
imbble.

- ImmecUately on ascertaining the fortune of the
day, ^e inhabitants of Falkirk, who, from their
connexion with the Earl of Kilmarnock, were all'
staunch Jacobites, went down to Hawley's camp,
and began to plunder. One of them, who sunrir-
ed till recent years, used to tell, that he happened
to be on the south side of the town when the
Bcnny came past in their retreat from the Moor.
An officer, apparently of distinction, rode distract-
edly through the tumultuous body, waving his
sword, and continually callkig out, ** Rally, rally,
my brare boys I " but he ¥ras quite unheeded.
The men ^ed blindly -on, evidently convinced that
' the battle was lost beyond redemption.

* Hie route, though thus decisive, was not total.
Barrel's regiment of the second line, and Ligo--
nier's of the first, together with some of .the re-
serve, not being engaged in the attack, but still
divided from the enemy by llie ravine, instead of
flying, continued for some time to poor their fire
i^aiast the Highlanders oj^oised to them, hkI»
when the victorious MacDonalds passed along in
the pursuit, gave them such a volley in flank as
esQsed a number to stop, under the apprehension
of an anxbuscade. Brigadier Cholmondley and
General Huske commanded this body, which wbb
soon after joined by two entire battalions of Cob-
ham's dragoons. The spirit they displayed, be-
f aides dieckmg the poisuit, had the e£fect of com-

A 2 .

12 Tin BATTI.K OV VALKIRR*

piling several bodiee of Highlanders to retront
we(Btwardfl, with the impression that they had lost
the day* One fugitiye mountaineer, soon afier
crossing the Carron at Dunipace Steps, with a
dreadful wound in Ins head, which he was holding
with his hand, was asked which party had won.
*^ I don't know, " he replied, with a bitter groan ;
^< but, och on, 1 know diat I hare lost ! '' ^

Prince Charles, at this juncture, perceiving from
his eminent station in the rear that the greater part
of Hawley s troops had fled, now 'put himself at «
the head of his reserve, and, advancing against the
refractory regiments, soon compelled them to join
in the general flight, though not before they had
effectually manred his victory. They had stag-
gered the victorious part of the army when ad*
vancing upon the pursuit, and compdled a less
umtorious portion to retreat. When they at last
retired, it was in a deliberate manner ; and, idto-^
gether, they had given the English army preten*
sions to a drawn battle.

It would appear that, the v^y facility with
which the Highlanders gained the earlier part of
^ir victory, was a main cause of its being ul-
timately incomplete. When Lord John Drum-
mond saw the Scots Royals fly, he cried, << These
men behaved admirably at Fontenoy-^sureiy thm
is a feint. " It was impossible for even the High-
landers, humble as was their opiiuon of the Bri-
tish regiments, to believe that diey woukl display
so ejLtreme a degree of cowardice ; and when they
at length found no enemies before them, they
could not hdp asldng each other (in Gaelic)
^^ What is become of the m&D. ? Where are they ? "
Surprised, and apprehensive of some mysterious

THE BATTLE OV JTALKIRK. 13

deftign^ they remained for a considerable time
upon the field of battle, irresolute whether to go
iowward* At lei^h, Prince Charles thought pro-
per to order seyeral detachments under the com-
mand of Lord John Drummondy Lochiely and
Lord Geoige Murray, to proceed to the town and
learn the motions of the enemy. Lord John en-
tered at the west end, Lochiel by a lane near the
centre, and Lord George by another farther east,
called the Cow Wynd ; when they found that the
English had just retreated from Falkirk, leaving a
few straggling parties in the streets. ^

The column commanded by Lord John Drum-
mond, overtook one of the sti-aggling parties up-
on the main street, at a spot nearly opposite to
the Old Bank. Its commander was reelii^ for
loss of blood, but had still strength to wave his
Bword, and call upon his men to rally. The first
Highlandei»who appi'oached, cut down the unfor-
tunate officer ; upon which another rushed up, and
slew him in his turn with a battle-axe, exclaiming
*^ She ought to respect a teean [dying J prave man,
whether she'll wear ta red coat or ta kilt. " The
Camerons made prodigious slaughter among an-
other party, which they found upon the street, on
emerging from the Cow Wynd. ^

Though the town and also the moor were now
completely cleared of the enemy, Chai'les was still
ignonant- of their motions and intentions, and there-
fore remained for some time longer upon the field
of battle. An idea generally prevaiJed, that Haw-
ley had only retired for a time, and would return
to the attack next morning. It was not till about
seven ©clock, that, the Earl of Kilmarnock^
harog approached Uie Edinburgh road by by*

14 TUB BATTLlft OF FALKIRK.

ways throngh his estate, and retnraed with intelli«
gence that he had seen the English anny hurrying
along in full flight, the Prince at length thought
proper to seek shelter in the town of Falkirk,
from the storm to which he had been exposed for
fire hours.

His Royal Highness was conducted, by torch-
light, to a lodging which had been prepared for
him in the house of a lady called Madam Grraham i
the widow of a physician, a Jacobite, and a wo-
man whose intelligence and superior manners are
still remembered with veneration at Falkirk. This
house, which stands opposite to the steeple, was
then the best in the town, ' and is still a tolerably
handsome mansion, -and occupied as the Post Of-
fice ; but, according to the fashion of times not
yery remote in Scotland, the best room, and that
in which Charles was obliged to dine and hold his
court, is degraded by a bed concealed within fold-
ing-doors. Unexpected good fortune, howerer,
reconciles the mind to the triyial ills of life ; and
it is not probable that the victor of Falkirk regvet-'
ted to spend the evening of his triumph in an a-
partment about twelve feet square, lighted by one
window, and which was at once his refectory and
bed-chamber.

The army, with the-exoeption of a party winch
had been sent to harass the enemy, empIo3red
themselves during this evening in satisf3ring their
hunger, in securing liie English camp and its con-
tents, and in stripping the bodies of the slain.
Hawley had made an attempt to strike his camp
and take away his baggage, in the brief interval be- '
tween the route and the pursuit ; but, owing to
the desertion of his waggoners and the necessity of-

THE BATTLE OF FALKIEK. 15

a Speedy retreat^ he was al last obliged to abaadon
tbe whole to the Higfalaaders ; having only made
aa ineffectual attempt to set it on fire. Charles
thus obtained possession c^ a prodigious quantity
of military stores, while his men enriched them-
selves with a variety of articles which the people
of Falkirk had not previously abstracted* In ad-
dition to the tents, arms, baggage, &c. which fell
into his hands, he secured the whole of the can-
QMi, besides many standards and other trophies of
victory. As for the slain, they were that night
stripped so effectually, ^ that a citizen of Falkirk,
who next morning surveyed the field fi*om a dis-
tanee, and who lived till recent years to describe
the awful scene, used to say, that he could com-
pare 'them to nothing but a large flock of white
sheep at rest on the face of the hill.
. Charles lost only forty men in the battle, with
twice as<^ many wounded. Tbe loss on the En-
glish side is stated by the official returns to have
been 280 in all, killed, wounded, and missing;
bat was probably much more considerable. The
hiss of officers was in particular very great.
There wete killed, four captains and two lieuten-
aats of Blakeney's, ^ye captains and one lieuten-
ant of Wolfe 6, with no fewer than three Lieuten-
ant-Colonels, Whitney, Bigger, and Powell. It
is very remarkable, end seems to prove the injudi-
cioiisnesB of cowardice, that these were the regi-
ments which soonest gave way, while there was
no similar loss in Barrel's or Ligonier*s, which re-
mi^MMl. longest, and beha^d best in the action.
The most distinguished officer among the slain
was JSir Robert Monro of Foulis, the cliief of an
aaciant and honound>le family in the Highlandst

1% THJB BATtLI 0» YALKIRK.

and whom regiment wm chiefly composed, like
those of the insurgent leaders, of his own du!«
Monroes had excited the admiration of Europe by
its c<mdnct at the battle of Fontenoy, where it
had foaght almost without intermission for a whole
day ; but, on the present occasion it was seized
with a panic, and fled at the first onset of the in-
surgents. Sir Robert alone, who was so corpu-
lent a man that he had been obliged at Fontenoy
to stand upon his feet when all the rest of his re-
giment lay down on their faces to ayoid the ene-
my's fire, boldly &ced the char^g Highlanders*
He was attacked at once by six antagonists, two
of whom he laid dead at his feet with his hM*
pike, bat, a seventh coming up, and discharging a
shot into' his body, he was at last*^^ obliged t<f fiill.
His brother, an unarmed physician, at this junc-
ture came up to his relief, but shared in the pro-
miscuous and indiscriminate slaughter which was
llien going on. Next day, their bodies were found
stripped and defaced, so as to be scarcely reeog^
nisable,- in a little pool of water, formed arouBd
tiiem by the rain ; and it was remarked in that of
the braye Sir Robert, as an instance of the ruing
passion strong in death, that his right hand s^
clenched the pommel of his sword, from which the
whole blade had been broken off. The corpses
were honourably interred in one grave in the publie
cemetery of Falkirk, ^ * near the tombs of Graham
and Stewart, the heroes of the former bttdb of
Falkirk.

The mass of Hawley's army spent the evening
of the battle at Linlithgow, about ten miles from
the field ; ' but various spectators of the action,
and some dragoons who fled upon the spur of feWi

THB BATTLB 07 FALKIRlC. 17

MadMd Bdliibinf^gli befo^ nine oVslock ttl nighty
htingbBig dreadful accounts of what they had seen,
and assigning variona issnes to the battle. One
English dragoon, flying farionsly along the road
near Contorphin, was accosted by a country gen-
tieman, and asked which party had won the battle.
•* We hare won, " cried the fu^tire. — ** How
then do yon come to be flying in this manner ? *'•—
What / tlay yonder and get kilkd f " exclaimed
the terrified soldier, continuing his flight at the
same time with ksh and spur. ^"^
^ The greater part of the army reached Edih-
bvrgh next day at four o'clock, disproving by its
appearance the reports which had represented it
as totally routed, but still testifying that the ex-
pected advantages had not been gained over the
inanrgents, and that many men and officers, on
the contrary, had been lost, with all their muni-
tion and baggage. At no time, from the begin-
ning to> the end of the msnrrection, were the friends
of Govemment so dejected as when they learned
this affair. The loss of Preston had been attri-
buted to accident, and to the insufficiency of ib»
troops there opposed to the Highlanders ; but here
they saw a numerous and well-appointed army,
who had marched a few days before, with the
prospect of certain victory, return with symptonte
of defeat scarcely less equivocal. These troops,
they sadly reflected, were not the raw soldiers oJF
General Cope's army, who had never seen an
enemy till they met the Highlanders, but the best
troops which Britain conld present to its foes—
the veteran heroes .of Dettingen and Fontenoy.

In forming, at this distance of time, on impartial
eatimateof thimeritaofthe twoarmiesiiiio fought at

18 THB &ATTI.E Ol FALKIKK.

EiiyciriKf H M difficiilt to avvd svffieimt {waiM 4o ^
iiuiirgents, who, with a tri^g exeeptMrn, bebftf«d
with all their accnstiHaed heroiBOi, or suffioiently
to blame the English troops^ who, ea uiulbmil^y
displayed a degree of pusillaiuiiiity scarcely ta be
credited or accounted for. It ig truey that ike
Highlanders had several extrinsic adraiitageS) and
that the English were dispirited by the impn^
dence <^ their general and the na&voimble aatiue
of the gronnd and the weather. It is also trm,
that the leaders of the successfiil party did not
take advantage of their victory in the way tibey
might have done, but were for some time afaniMft
as much perplexed as the miemy. Yet, wbaiterer
drawback may be made from the general cimdiict of
the day, it cannot be disputed tht^ the Highlaadem
acted hke the bravest of men, repeatedly duiifing
the force which resisted, rather than following diot
which gave way, and continuing to fight oven
when oTorthrown and trampled by cavalry.

It is a trite remark, fliat no general ever allows
ed, in his despatches, that he had been beaten.
Language is so elastic and so lull of convertihle
terms, that it can be brought to give any swt of
turn to an event, without violating the truth. A
commander may have fled in personal terror from
a field of battle ; but, in the courteous phraseoU^
of a despatch, he only <' falls back upon a strongs
position. " His army does not make a precipitate
retreat, leaving its camp, baggage, and stm^ee ; it
only ^* seeks shelter from the weather in can-
tonments. '' The battle is not lost ; it is only
deferred*

General Hawley displayed all the ordinary ad-
dress of his profeaaiony in g^osaing over the, defeat

TRB BATT£B OF FAI.KntK. V9

of Bdlriik. ' He ivpretenled Imnself M bsrlig
given a severe check to the Highlanders, hut re-
treated to his camp on account of the weather ;
the Highlanders at the same time falling hack up.
on Stirling. His det^mination had been to remain
in his camp all night, but, the rain having rendered
it uncomfortable, and hearing that the rebels wefe
poshing to get between him and Edinburgh, he
had eventually marched and taken post at Linlith-
gow. Seven pieces of his cannon, he allowed, were
fnigsing, (for which he blamed the recreant ar-
tillery-men), together with about three hundred
men ; but the loss on the part of the enemy was
reported to be much more considerable. Altc^fo-
ther, it appeared from his despatch that a collision
had taken place with the Highlanders, but that
what little was yet known about the matter sein-
ed favourable to his party.

^It was impossible, however, to impose these spe-
cious and plausible pretensions to a victory upon the
minds of the British public; and in a few days after,
the foUowing^eu ttesprity ndicuiing liie terms of the
GovuHnment Gazette, made the round of the Jonii-
■als. ^' <^ Tlie shpeoblackers of Westminster, being
in arms against the shoe-blackers of this n^gb-
bourhood (Whitehall), eiarly yesterday morning
were in motion to attack them. Our people had
not at finit any advice of the enemy's motions ;
and though scouts were sent out to Tothill Sti*eet,
Milbank, and several other ways, they were not
perceived till the front of them appeared at the
bottom of King Street. Upon this, the shoe-
blackers formed with all expedition, and moved
on to get advantage of the ground. But parties

VOI«. II. B

20 TBB BATTLS OV FALKtKK.

<yf the cfalinney-Bweepera oomjng round by dnnnel-
Row and the Park, in spite of our teeth got to
the windward of our friends, the wind being then
north-east. Just as the armies engaged, a violent
gust arose, which blew the soot from the chimney-
sweepers so strongly in the eyes of our people,
that they could not see at all, and thought proper
to retreat in good order into the Mewse. llie
enemy's loss was judged to be very considerable ;
but no particulars can be given, as it is believed
they carried off their dead and wounded in thmr
sacks. The battle was fought in the Broadway,
just over against the Horse-Guards. Our friends
kept the fidd— especially the killed and wounded.
We found, when we came to our quarters, that
aeveraJ stools, baskets, brushes, and blacking-potSy
were missing. This was owing to the behaviour
of Jack Linklight and Tom Scrubit, who, being
left in duffge of the stores, abandoned them at the
beginning of the action : but some accounts say,
that what they could not carry off, they threw in-
to the fire of a neighbouring gin-shop. The shoe^
blackers are getting up a new set of tools, and de-
sign to attack the chimney-sweepersy who are now
quiet in their cellars. "

This was not the only joke circulated through
the newspapers at Hawley's expense. Some months
afterwards, when the insurrection had been finally
suppressed, his dragoons were put into quap-
ters at Redding, a town in Surrey, where, ae-
cording to these chroniclers, the following anrasing
incident took place. A dreadful storm coming
on, of almost as violent a description as that
which occurred at the battle of Falkirk, the hones,
which fed at large in a park near the viUage, rush-

THB BATTX.B OV 9ALKIRK. 21

ed toaraltaously together^ and, making Umbi-
selves up in a son of battle array, stood trembling
and snorting, exactly as they had done before the
commencement of that action, and apparently im-
pressed with a belief that they were about to en-
dure the fire of an enemy. When they had stood
thus for some time, permitting the rain to come
full in their faces, all at once it began to thunder ;
upon which their agitation was greatly increasedy
imd, turning tail upon the storm, they rushed in
the utmost disorder, out of the park, through the
▼iilage, and along the open country, as hard as
they could scamper ; thus completely acting over
again the whole of the disgraceful evolutions whkh
their masters had made them perform on the noted
17th of January. The people of the village and
<^ the country through which the animals fled,
beheld this hippo-dramatical representation of the
battle of Falkirk with the most extravagant mer-
riment.

It was also noted as a capital joke against Haw-
ley, that he had, before leaving Edinburgh, erected
two gibbets, whereon to hang the Highlanders
who should smrender to him in the victory he ex-
pected to achieve, and that, after he returned in a
atate so diffo'ent from that of a conqueror, he had
to use these conspicuous monuments of his folly
for the execution of his own men. ^ ^ He hanged
no fewer than four in one day, permitting their
bodies to remain till sunset. Such a sight had
not been seen in Edinburgh, since the day before
the Duke of York opened the Scottish Parliament
in the year 1681, when five rebellious ministers
were simultaneously executed in the Grassmar-
ket. '^ ' The captam of the artillery, who had de-

3£ THB BATTLB OF FAI.KIRK.

Belted hiB charge at the beginiUDg of the actioiiy
upon a horse which he cut from the train, was ca-
shiered with infamy ; and many of the private sol-
diers, who had displayed extraordinary cowardice^
were severely whipped. ^ *

The only trophy which Hawley brought with
him from Falkirk, was a Major MacDonald, of
Keppoch's regiment, consin to that chief, who
was taken prisoner under most extraordinary cir-
cumstances. Having dismounted an English of*
ficer in the action, this youth took possession of
the horse, which was very beautiful, and imme*
diately mounted it. When the English cavalry
fled, ^e animal ran off with the unfortunate Mii-
jor, notwithstanding all his efforts to restrain it, nor
did it stop till it was at the head of the troop, of
which, apparently, its master had been the com-
mander. ^ ^ Seeing himself thus in the hands of
the enemy, he attempted to pass himself off as one
of the Argyle militia, endeavouring to conceal the
distinctive colours of his tartan, as well as possible,
by the officer s cloak, which he had also taken ;
but. before proceeding very far with the army, he
was detected by General Huske, who immediately
put a guanl over him of twetity men, ' ^ Reach-
ing Edinburgh next day,, the Lord Justice Clerk
committed him to the castle ; and in a few months
afterwards he paid the forfeit of his life upon the
scaffold.

While the English industriously denied that
they had lost the battle, the Highlanders, on the
other hand, made no very ostentatious claims to
the victory. Aware that they had not acted with
uniform promptitude, and mortified at the safe re-
treat wUch Hawley had effected, they were not so

THE BATTLB OV f ALKXHK. 23

much disposed to rejoice at what they bad, than to

repine at what they had not achieved. Instead of

pursuing the enemy to Edinburgh, and attempting

to strike them with a second and more decisive

blow, they gave themselves up for some time to

unavailing altercations regarding their respective

misdeeds. Lord Geoi^e Murray protested that

the victory would have been complete, if Lord

John Drummond had supported him with the left

"wing ; and Lord John, on the other hand, blamed

L«ord George for not permitting the men under

his own charge to go foiward in a body after the

retreat of the dragoons. Innumerable speculations

"Were set afloat^ as to the various ways in which

the day might have been more decisive ; every one

appearing to have forgot that the very circum-

8tanc;e8 which had marred the victory on their

part, were, in a great measure, those which had

occasioned the defeat on that of the enemy, and

tliat in reality they ought to have been thaakfixl

to Fortune for that which she had seen fit to give

them, without grieving for that which she could

not bestow. The general issue was certainly a

matter of true regret, every thing considered ; as

l^e advantage of the ground, the surprise, the

storm, Hawley's commanding a body of dragoons

to attack a whole army, and the acknowledged

misbehaTTonr of some of the British regiments,

were circumstances not likely to be ever combined

again. Moreover, a drawn battle, or anything*

approaching to it, was decidedly a misfortune to

the Highlanders; for, by femiliarizing the regular

troops with their mode of fighting, and thereby

diminishing the terror in which they were held, it

b2 -

24 THB BATTX.S OF. r ALKIRK*

tenSied to reduce the combatants to a level ; and
thuBy indeed, the equivocal triumph of Falkirk majr
be said to have led to the perfect overthrow of
Cttlloden.

The succeeding day, during which it continued
to rain with little intermission, was spent at Fal-
kirk by the insurgents, in securing the spoils, and
burying the slain. They employed the country
people to dig a spacious pit upon the field of
battle, into which they precipitated the naked
corpses. The rustics who stood around, easily dis-
tii^piished the English soldiers from the High-
landers, by their comparative nudity, and by the
deep gashes which seamed their shoulders and
breasts, — the dreadful work of the broad-sword.
It was also remarked, that all the Highlanders had
bannocks or other artides of provision concealed
uncfer their left armpits. ^ "^ The number of slain
inhumed in this pit was such, that some years after,
the surface sunk down many feet, and there is still
a considerable hollow at that part of the plain.

The Highland army lost more this day by an
accident, than it did on the preceding, by the fire
of the enemy, A private soldier of the Clanra-
nald regiment had obtained a musket as part of
his spoil upon the field of battle; finding it
loaded, he was engaged at his lodgings in extract-
ing the shot ; the window was open, and nearly
opposite there was a group of officers standing oa
the street. The man extracted a ball, and ' then
fired off the piece, to clear it in the most expedi-
tions manner of the powder, but imfortunately, it
had been double loaded ; and the remaining ball
pierced the body of young Glengary, who was one
of the group of bystanders. He soon after died

THS BATTL8 OF FALKIRK. S5

IB the anus of his dansmen, hegging ifith his last
breath that the maD, of whose innocence he was
satisfied, might not suffer ; but nothing could re-
strain the indignation of his friends, who imme«
diately seized the unhappy perpetrator, and loudly
demanded life for life. Young Clanranald would '
have gladly protected his clansman ; but, certain
that any attempt he could make to that effect
would only embroil his family in a feud with that
of Glengary, and in the first place cause that regi-
ment to quit the Prince's servioe, he was reluc-
tantly obliged to assent to their demand. The
man was immediately taken out to the side of a
pai'k-wall near the town, and pierced with a Folley
of bullets. His own father poured a shot into his
body, from the desire to make his death as instanta-
neous as possible.

The Piince, who had most occasion to regret
this accident, as it endangered the attachment of
a valuable regiment, exerted himself, by showing
the most respectful attentions to the deceased, to
console the clan for their loss. He caused the
grave of Graham, whicb had never before been
disturbed, to be opened for the reception of the
youthful soldier, as Uie only part of the church-^
yard of Falkirk which was worthy to be hcmoured
with his corpse ; and he himself attended the oh-*
aequies as chief mourner, holding the string which
consigned his head to the grave. Charles's judi-
cious kindness was not unappreciated by the
grateful Highlanders ; but, neverthelei^s, a consi-
derable number yielded to their gi'ief, or rage, so far
as to desert his standard.

Another incident took place this day upon the
street of Falkirk, which had almost become as

M THB BATTLB OV FA&KIRK.

tragical as ^the fomer, and which ilhistrates in s
striking manner the peculiar ties of clanship. Lord
Kilmarnock had brought up to the front of Charles's
lodging a few prisoners whom he had taken, the
preceding night, in the rear of the retreating arrays
and Charles was standing within the open window,
with a paper in his hand, apparently conversing
with Lord Kilmarnock about his capture ; when a
man was seen coming up the street in the uniform
of an English regiment, with a musket and bay-
onet in his hand and a black cockade upon his
hat. The volunteers, among whom Mr Home,
^e narrator of the incident, was one, beheld the
man with surprise, and conceiving that he design-
ed to assassinate the Prince, expected every mo-
ment to see him take aim and fire. Charles, ob^
serving the prisoners look all one way, turned
his head in the same direction, and, immedi-
ately comprehending the cause of their alarm, call-
ed in some surprise to Lord Kilmarnock, and
pointed towards the soldier. The Earl instantly
descended to the street, and, finding the man by
that time just opposite to the window, went up to
him, struck his hat off his head, and set his foot
upon the black cockade. At that instant, one of
the numerous Highlanders who stood upon the
pavement, rushed forward^ and violently pushed
Lord Kilmarnock from his place. The Earl pulled
out a pistol and presented it at the Highlander's
head ; the Highlander drew his dirk and held h
close to Kilmarnock's breast. In this posture they
stood about half a minute, when a crowd of High-
landers rushed between the parties, and drove
Kilmarnock away. The man with the dirk in his
hand then took up the hat, put it oh the soldier's

XHS BATTLB OV JTALKIRK. 2!j

heady ind the Highlanders ouirched off with him
in triumph.

This unaccountable pantomine astonished the
prisoners, and they entreated an explanation from
one of the insurgent officers who stood near. He
answered, that the soldier was not in reality what
he seemed, but a Cameron, who had deserted his
regiment (the Scots Royals) during the conflict,
to join the company of his chief ; when he had
been permitted to retain his dress and arms till he
could be provided with the uniform of the clan.
The Highlander who interposed was his brother>.
and the crowd, that had rushed in, his clansmen
the Camerons. Lord Kilmarnock, in presuming
to interfere, even through ignorance, in the affairs
of a clan, had excited their high displeasure;
*^ nor, in my opinion," continued the officer, *^ can
any person in the Prince's army take that cockade
oat of the mans hat, except Loch iel himself. "

During the stay of the Highlanders at Falkirk,
they treated the inhabitants with extraordinary leni-
ty, on account of their connexion with the Earl of
Kilmarnock, and the readiness which they displayed
io serving the cause of the '^ yellow-haired laddio."
An old woman who still lives (1827) at the age
of niaety-seven, and was of course fifteen years of
age at the time of the battle, informed the writer
of these sheets, that the Highlandera were consi-
dered a merciful enemy compared, with the dra-
goons. There was at that time a number of re-
ceptacles in Falkirk, called ^' gimals, " where the
meal which tlie vaiious neighbouring landlords re-
ceived for rent, was retailed to the common peo-
ple. These, during the occupation of the town
by the HigUanders, were carefully locked up, so

2B THB BATTLB 09 VALKimC.

thai the poor soon found h impoesible to procinB
their ordinary food. A complaint to this efiecS
b^ing made by an old woman to a Highland of-
ficer, he proceeded to break open one of the ae-
quefitrated stores, sold off all the meal it contained
to the common people at a reduced price, and thea
deliberately marched off with the money. The inha-
bitants of Falkirk to this day cherish the memory
of these brave men and of their gallant leader^
with endoring fondness.

The general lenity of the Highlanders was not
without numerous exceptions ; many of them dis-
pUying just as much rapacity in Falkirk, as they
would haye done in a town of less favourable sen*
timents. A small party of them, on the day after
the battle, laid violent hands on a flaming Jacobite
named David Watt, then the principal inn-keeper
of Falkirk ; brought him out to the street in front
of his own door, and, setting him down squat upon
the causey, deliberately eased his feet of a pair of
new shoes with silver buckles. He protested his
Jacobitism, to save them ; but the spotlaton, per-
h$i^ accustomed to such shallow excuses, totaUy
disregarded his declaration; ironically obsefviBg»
** Sae mnckle ta better — she'll no grumble to
shange a progue for the Prince s guid. '* It is
needless to add that David's principles were a
good deal shaken by this unhappy incident.

It is also remembered at Falkirk that it was the
general practice of the Highlanders, to enter the
houses of the inhabitants about the time when
meals occurred ; seizing, if at breakfJEUBt-time, the
dishes of porridge prepared for the family, and, if
at dinner-time, searching the kail-pots with th^
dirks for what splids they might contain. When'-

THE BATTLB OW VALKIEK. 29

crrer tliey ftnmd the' porridge-dishes arraDged on
die outside of the windows to cool, they emptied
them into their own canteens and went away, look*
ing back and laughing at the owners, who might
come ont of doors to express their consternation
at the event. To these acts of felony the people
never dared to make any resistance, aware of the
▼engeance which it might have excited. One old
woman only, out of all the inhabitants, was known
qn any occasion to protect her property. On their
making advances to her kail-pot, this heroine cou-
Yageously mounted guard upon it, seized the ladle,
and threatened to scald the first that approached
iier, with the boiling liquid. They were staggered
by her boldness, which seemed to promise them
fhe fate awarded by Robinson Crusoe to the Co-
diin Chinese ; and, partly from amusemei^t at her
Indicroas attitude, thought proper to retire.

'Hie old lady already mentioned, as having,
when a child, gone through the lines of the Eng-
lish army before the battle, also remembered that
Ae Highlanders came next day to her mother's
house, near Falkirk, in seardi of provisions. Co*
lonel Campbell, of the Argyle Militia, had previ*
ooaly ti^en up his abode here, and, on learning
the approach of the enemy, caused his baggage
to be buried in the farm-yard, leaving only a
French valet behind, to take charge of it. The
Highlanders seized this man, and, by pinching his
body, obliged him to discover his precious charge.
It was immediately appropriated ; and our vene-
rable informant had a picturesque recollection of
^be rude mountaineers sitting round the fire, and
drinking the Colond's wine Out ofparriich hggies^

so THB BATTLB OV FALKI&K.

The gadewife bad taken siniilar precautioiifl m
regard to her own yalnables and proyiBions, bnrying'
some things in the fields, and concealing part of
her meal in pillow-slips, which were inserted into the
insides of as many sacks of chaff. But by pinch*
ing herself and her children, and by thnisting their
dirks and swonls into the sacks, they succeeded in
getting possession of almost every thing that had
been put out of the way. It is needless to observe
that this want of gallantry was entirely occasioned
by the attempt which they saw had been made to
deceive them ; for, when people displayed a wil-
lingness to supply provisions, or trusted to their
generosity, they were almost invariably kind. One
favoumble circumstance is recorded of them^they
were never fastidious about their food. The ordi«-
nary humble fare of the cottagers of that time— »
meal, milk, cheese, and butter — they accepted with
thankfulness. Oat-meal was what they generally
demanded ; and if supplied with a modicum oi
that, suitable to the apparent circumstances of the
family, they went away contented. Nothing, more«>
over, seems to have ever given them so much plea*
sure, as to fall upon a chum in the process of but*
ter-making. Numerous instances ai^ remembered
throughout the country, of their rioting over such
an article with the most extravagant expressions
of satisfaction. If, in the course of their research-
es, they asked for bread, and were told that there
was none in the house, they have been known to
say, " Och, her nain sel will tak a butter or cheese,
till a bread be i*eady. " It was tbeir custom in a
mai'ch, for small parties of from three to ten per*
aonsy to digress from the main body, towarda the

THK BATTtB OV FALKIEX. SI

hsam Tvllich lay within sight of the road, aad theiB
to satisfy their hanger. Thus, in the course of a
day's march, every individual in the army procu-
red at least one meal. They seem to have beha*
ved very fairly, in regard to each other, through*
out these transactions. On a farmer's wife in
Tweedsmuir giving a cheese to a party of four»
they immediately cut it with their dirks into quar«
ters, of which each took away one.

It is perhaps unnecessary to offer any apology
for the rapine which distinguished this singular cam*
paign. The Prince, though supplied with consi*
derahle sums from his father, ^ ^ from the French
government, and from his friends in Britain^ was
unahle to give his men a pay sufficient for their
travelling expenses ; and they were therefore ob«
liged to levy contrihutlons on the country. Charles
did not openly sanction their proceedings; buty
well knowing he could not ask them to starve, was
under the necessity of passing them over w^ithout
punishment. He perhaps justified himself in his
own eyes, by the consideration that all he was do*
ing was for the good of the country, and that, af«
ter the Electors of Hanover, had so long subsist-
ed upon his father's subjects, there was compara-
tively little harm in his thus quartering upon them
for a single winter. The same reasoning applied^
with still greater force, to the levies he made ttp-
on the public tax-offices throughout the kingdom.

It cannot be denied, that, in so large a body of
men, there were many, who, unable to resist the
temptations presented to them, abused the power
of their arms in a way which admits of no pallia*
tion. As one instance for all, we may mention
the conduct of an officer of the MacGregor corps* ^^

VOL. II. c

n THB BATTJUB OV FALKtRX*

■• reported to qb, at only second-handy horn one
of the regiment, who surriyed till recent times*
It often happened, in the coarse of the inarch,
that the private soldiers of this corps entered the
houses of the country people, and hegan to help
themselves. The unhappy rustics would come
running out, and make as pathetic an appeal as
they could to the officer ; and he used then to go
up to the door, and roar in at the passage, '< Come
out this minute, you scoundrels, or I'll send a pis-
tol-shot in amongst you. " But immediately after
he would add in Gaelic, '' OTify, if you see any
thing worth while^ you may bring ii along toitk
you, " At this period of the campaign, the moun«
taineers had become better acquainted than they
were at first with the commodities of civilized life,
and, among the numerous desertions which took
place for the purpose of securing their spoil, few
were occasioned by the desire of depositing such
things as military saddles. Money had now be-
come an object with them ; and it is really amazing
what large sums some of them had amassed about
their persons. At the battle of Falkirk, a private
Highlander having pursued one of parrel's r^-^
ment down the hill, and in his turn fled on the
man turning about to oppose him, was shot through
the head by Brigadier Cholmondley, and left to be
ri.1jd by the soldier. To the man's astonishment,
no less a sum than sixteen guineas was found in the
Sfiorran or purse of this miserable-lookingsavage ! ^ ®
It does not, however, after all, appear, that the
people of Scotland felt much annoyed by the ex-
actions made upon them by the Highland's ; for,
although the' traditions regarding their custom of
demanding free quarters are innumerable, they are
rarely accompanied with any very vehement ex-

THB BATTLB OV VALRIRK. 98

preesioiM of indignailtoii. The dtS^ns of Olaa^
gow alone, whose treatment, for reasons good^
was pecnliarly severe, seem to have displayed a
rancorous feeling ; incited hy which, their militia
behaved with singnlar firmness at Falkirk, and per-
mitted a nnmber of their body to be slain before
following the prudent example of their general.
Altogether, it may be said, that, either from habi-
tual hospitality, or from afPection to their cause,
the Scottish people expressed far less displeasure
than might have been expected at the behaviour of
the mountain-warriors; and what wets expressed
generally proceeded from the most evil-conditioned
of the y/lagB, or from those miserable churls who
would have grudged a meal to any slaranger. ' ^

Prince Cluurles returned to Bannockbum on the
evening of the 18th, leaving Lord .George Mur*
ray, with a portion of die army, at Falkirk. It
was certainly to be regretted by his adherents, that
he did not rather follow up the success of the pre-
eeding day, by an active pursuit of the English
army, which was now so dispirited, that he might
easily have had the glory of driving it out of Scot-<
land, if not that of totally annihilating it. Igno-
rance alone of the real extent of his victory, and
of the condition to which he had reduced the ene-
my, must have induced him to take this retrograde
movement, so dishonourable to his arms, and so
fiivourable to the designs which were now laying
for his total overthrow.

Among other articles which the Prince had
Inrought away with him from Glasgow, was a print-
ing-press, with its accompaniments of types, work-
men, £m% Sensible of the advantage which the
odier party had orer him in their command of the

M THB BATTLV OF TALKIEK.

pt^blie preas, and no donbt incensed at the lies
t\key bad employed it in propegatidg egainst hiniy
be had employed his first leisure at Glasgow in
publishing a Journal of his march into England,
which, if not free of a little gasconade, was cer«
tainly quite as faithful as the Gazettes of Govem-
i|ient« He had brought the press along with him,
in order to continue his publications occasiondly ;
and he now issued, from Bannoekbum, a quarto
sheet, containing a well penned and not inaccurate
account of his victory at Falkirk. This, however.
If as destined to be the last of his Gazettes, as the
lapidity of his subsequent evolutions rendtoed it
impossiUe to transport so large and complicated an
engine without more trouble than it was worth.
. He now resumed the siege of Stiriing Castle,
havii^ first sent a summons of surrender to Go«
neral Blakeney, which that officer answered with
bis former firmness. He had been advised, by an
engines of the name of Grant, who had conduct-
ed the siege of Carlisle, to open trenches in the
ehnrch-yard, which lies between the Castle and
the town ; but was induced to abandon that posi*
tion by the citizens, who reprea^ited that it must
ensure the destruction of their houses. There
were two other points from which the Castle might
be stormed, though not nearly so advantageous as
that pointed out by Mr Grant-— the Gowan Hill,
an irregular eminence under the Castle walls on
the north side, and the Ladies Hill, a small bare
rock £acing the south-east. The Prince, anxious
to save the town, consulted with a French engi-
neer, who had recently arrived in Scotland, if it
would be possible to raise an effective battery upon
either of these eminences. The person thus con*

THE BATTLE OV VALKIRK. W

salted was a Mr Grordon^ styling himself Monsieur
Mirabelle, a chevalier of the order of St Lonis ;
but a man so whimsical both in his body and mind*
that the Highlanders used to parody his mora de
guerre into Mr Admirable. ^ ^ It is the character-
istic of ignorance never to think any thing impos-
sible ; and this wretched old Frenchified Scotch-
man at once undertook to open a battery upon the
Gowan Hill, though there were not fifteen inches
depth of earth above the rock, and the walls of
the Castle overlooked it by at least fifty feet.

After many days of incessant labour, a sort of
battery was constructed of bags of sand and wool,
and a number of cannon brought to bear upon the
fortress. General Blakeney had not taken all the
advantage he might have done of his position to
interrupt the works, conceiving that it was best to
amuse the Highland army with the prospect of
taking the Castle, and thus give Government time
to concenti^te its forces against them. But wh<»i
the cannon were opened against him, he thought
proper to answer them in a suttable manner. Such
was the eminence of his situation, that it is said
he could see the very shoe-buokles of the bemegera
aa they stood behind their entrenchments. Their
battery was of course pointed upwards, and scarce-
ly did the least harm either to his fortifications or
Ins men. ' ^ The besieged, mi the contrary, were
able to destroy a great number of their opponents,
including many French picquets, who were, per-
haps, the best soldiers in their army. The works
wmm demolished at leisure; and the si^e was
then abandoned as a matter of coarse, after a con<«
•iderable loss of men.

▲BRIVAL OF

CHAPTER 11.

ARRIVAL OF THB DUKE OF CUMBERLAND.

The remnant of the royal blood
Comes pouring on me like a flood —
The princesses in number five-
Duke William^ sweetest prince alive !

SwiR.

When the newB of Hawley's manoeuTres at Fal-
kirk reached the court of St James's, where a draw-*
uig-room happened to be held on that partiiailar-
day, e^ery countenance is said to have been mark-
ed with douht and apprehension, excepting theses
only of the King himself, the Earl of Stair, and
Sir John Cope. ' It w^a now thought necessary
to send a Greneral against the insurgents* the beat
and most popular of whom the country could boaat»
and who, by one decisive effort, might at length be
certwn of success. The Duke of Cumberland, who^
after tracking their course to Carlisle, had tbought-
them only fair game for an inferior hand, was now
requested to resume the command which he then
abiiDdotte<l, and immediately to set out for (ha
North. He lost no time in obeying his iather'a
orders ; and was so expeditious as to arrive unes-'
pectedly at Edinburgh early in the moming'bf the

TH£ DUKB OF CtTMBBRLAND. M

)Odi of Jannaiy, after a journey perfonned in the
«hort i^ace of four days.

This yooiig General, whose name is still so much
^xiacrated in Scotland, and of whom it must he
eonfessed that he never was yictorious any where
«lBe, was a man of great personal intrepidity, firm-
seas, and enthusiasm in his professicm, though al'
■MMt entirely destitute of talent, and a stronger,
as it aliterwards appeared, to the more praiseworthy
ipMJifieation of humanity. He had a good-hu«
moured jolly face, which procured him the epithet
«f '< Bluff Bill ; " hut, although it was hoped that
his presence in Scotland might counteract tfao
eharm which Prince Charles had exercised over
the public mind, his personal g^^aces could never
bear any comparison with those of his cousin and
riFal ; and ndiile his rank perhaps dazzled the peo*
pie a little, he fiailed entirely in exciting the higlr
interest and deep afiection which had been bestow*
^ so liberally upon that equivocal scion of roy-*
alty. He was, however, entirely beloved by the
Iroope, who wished nothing so ardently as to have
Umait their head instead of Hawley, and, not-
withstanding their late disgrace, are said to have
been inspired with the utmost confidence when
liiey learned that he was to take the command.
. On his arriving at Holyroodhouse, he immedi-
ately went to bed«^occupylng the same couch o^
irtale whidi Chsu'les had used four months before.
Alter reposmg two hours, he rose, and proceeded
to the great buinness of his mission. Before eight
o'clock, and before he had taken breakfast, he is
•aid to have been busy with Generals Hawley and
Huske, and ot,her principal officers, whom he sum^
msmei 00 hastily that they appeared in their boots.

96 ARRIVAL or

Daring the oonrse of the forenoon, he reeeivedC
visits fVom the State-officers, the Professors of the
University, and the principal citizens, all of whom
had the honour of kissing his hand. Meanwhile^^
the music-bells were rung in hb honour, and the
Magistrates prepared to present him with the free-
dom of the city. His Royal Highness, in the
midst of matters of state, did not n^lect thoee
of war. He descended to the large cowt in front
of the palace, where a train of artillery had heeat
collected, and made a careful and deliberate in-
spection of all the pieces. In the afternoon, ac-
cording to appointment, a number of ladies, chie&
ly belonging to Whig families of distinction, paid
their respects to him in the same hall where Charlea
had so lately enterUdned his fair adherents. They
were dressed in the most splendid style ; and one
of them. Miss Ker, did him the peculiar honour
to appear with a busk^ at the top of which was a
crown, done in bugles, surroimded by the words^
« WilUam Duke of Cumberiand, Britain's Hero. *•
He kissed the ladies all round, made a short speech
expressive of his satisfaction, and then retii^ t»
hold a council of war.

The army had received various r^fbreanenta
since its retreat from Falkirk, and been prepared
to march for some days before the Duke's arrival.
The council, therefore, determined that it should
set forward next morning towards the position of
Ae insurgents, with his Royal Highness at its head.
So prompt a resolution gave new courage to the
troops, and raised the hopes of the friends of Gck
vemment, hitherto very much depressed. In the
same degree it damped the spirits ' of the insur-
gents, who had already determined to retire to the

THB DUKE OF CUMBEftLAVD. S9'

HlgUBiida, Imt whose resolution ww materially
aoc^eraled by so v^orous a measure on the part
of their enemies.

Tlie Duke set out from Holyroodlionse, at nine
o'clock in the moining of Friday, the 31st of
January, after having been only thirty hours in
£dinbiffgh. An immense crowd had collected in
ihe court-yard and around the exterior porch of the
palace, brought together to see a Prince of the
blood, and that they might compare his person and
apparent fitness for war with their recollections of
ids rivaL A Whig historian has recorded that*
MB he stepped into hicr coach, an old man exdaim-^
^ ^ God bless him — *ho is far bonnier than (he
Pretender ; *^ and there are said to have been somo
withers, who, borne away by the enthusiasm of tho
moment,, attempted to greet him with a huaeza.
But bis looks elicited no expressions of admira^
don from the softm* sex ; and the general feeling
Ather was oUe of pity for the gallant youth against
whom he was bending what appeared so powwiid
and irresistible a force. . They saw him depart
with sensations acutely. painful and agitating; fov
it was the general impression that this singular
ctmggle for the empire was soon to be dettfrmiiH
«d, and that, as^it were, by a personal conflict be^
tween two persons immediately representing the
great parties concerned.

The army had departed early this morning in
two columns ; one by Borrowstownness, led by Gene?
lal Huske, the other by Linlithgow, of which the
Duke was^ to take the command in person. Ligo*
nier's and Hamilton's Dragoons patroled the roads
in advance, to prevent intelligence reaching the in-
A|igeiit& The anny comprised altogether four-

40 ARRIVAL OV

teen biittiilioiiB of infantry, four r^metits of cayal*
ly, the vArgyle militia, and a train of artillery.
The whole might amount to ten thousand menl

The .Duke of Cumberland had been presented
by the Earl of Hopetoun with a coach and twelvo^
horses ; and, thinking it necessary to make his de*
parture from Edinburgh with as much parade as
possible, he used this splendid equipage in passii^
through the town. As he passed up the Canon-
gate and the High Street, he is said to have ex-
pressed great surprise at the number of broken
windows which he saw ; but, when informed thatf
thm was the result of a recent illumination, and
that a shattered casement only indicated the rem*
deace of a Jacobite, he laughed heartily ; remarkhigy
that be was better content with this exphomtion^'
ill as it omened to himself and his family, than hv
eonld hare been with his first impressiiMny whicb
ascribed ihe circumstance to national poverty or
negl^ience. His coadi was followed by a great*
niunfo^ of persons of disdnction, and by avast mob.'
He went dnrough the Grass-market, and left tlie
city by the West Port. When he got to a place
called Castlebams, he left the coach, and mounted
his horse. The state-officers and others then
crowded about him to take leave, and the mo^
eould no longer abstain from raising a hearty
huzza. He took off his hat, and, turning round,-
thanked the people for this pleasing expressiom of
their regard ; adding, that he had had but little
time to cultivate their friendship, but would be
well pleased when fortune gave him an opportunitv
of doing' so. " I am in a great haste, my friends, '
he cried, ^< but I believe I shall soon be back to
you with good pews. Till then, adieu." . So say-

THE DUKB OV CUMBERLAND. 41

lagy he diook fauids with tlwse nearest to him ;
paused a moment ; and then exclaiming, " Como^
let OS have a song before parting, " began to sing
m ditty which had been composed in his own honour;

•* Will ye play me fair ?
Highland Laddie, Highland LiMldie. '*

Then stretching forth his hand, as if addressing
the object of his hostility, he set forward at a gal-
lop, to put himself at the head of the army. '
- He lodged this evening at Linlithgow, and it
was the general expectation that he would engage
the Highlanders next day. Straggling parties had
been seen hoyering on the hills betwen Falkiik
and Linlithgow, which, on the morning of the 1st
of February, had fallen back to the Torwood, giving
out that they would there await the Royal army.
But as he proceeded towards Falkiik, stray High-
landers were brought before him, who reported
that they were in reality conveying their baggagi0
over the Forth, with the intention of retreating to
the Highlands ; and the intelligence was soon con-
firmed by the noise of a distant explosion, occasion-
ed by the blowing up of their powder magasdne
in the church of St Ninian's. The Duke walked
aU the way from Linlithgow to Falkirk on foot^
at the head of the Scots Royals, to encourage the
men after the manner of his rival ; but he now
thought it unnecessary to pursue the march with
extraordinary speed, and ' thei'efore rested this
evening at Falkirk, where he found the soldiers
who had been wounded in the late engagement,
deserted by their captors.

When his Royal Highness arrived in Falkirk,
aftd it was debated what lod^ng he should choose,

42 ARRIVAL 07

be is said to have inquired for the hotMe wUoil
<< his coasin had occupied, " being aure, he aaid^
that that would not only be the most comfortable
in the town, but also the best provisioned. Hm
accordingly passed the night in the same house
and the same bed, which have been already de-
scribed as accommodating Charles on the eyening
of the battle. He next morning marched to Stir*
ling, which he found evacuated by the insurgents^
and where General Blakeney informed him, that,
but for his seasonable relief, he must have speedily
surrendered the fortress for want of ammunition and
provisions. A considerable number of straggling
adherents of the Chevalier were here taken pri->
soners, including a lady whom popular report as*
signed to Chai*les as a mistress — the. celebrated
Jeanie Cameron, The prisoners were all sent to
Edinburgh Castle. '

Chai'les had not in reality fled to the Highlands
from fear of the Duke. This motion was the re*
suit of a determination entered into before hss
Hoyal Highness arrived in Scotland. So lately m
the 20th9 it had been Charles's intention to engage
the Royal army, and, in that resolution, he held
a review on the field of Bannockburn, when it waa
foimd, from the losses sustained in the siege, and
the numerous desertions which had taken place
since the battle of Falkiik, that the number of the
army was reduced to five thousand. Lord GeoigQ
Murray and the principal chiefs, therefore, framed
an address to their leader on the 29th, represent*
ing the impossibility of meeting the Royal army
on fail' terms at present, and counselling a retreat
to the Northy which^ while it disconcerted the e-

THR DUKE OF CUMBERLAND. 43

iievy» irottlil enable them to recruit their diaii-
nish^ bauds* With great reluctance Charle» as-
sented to this me^ure, so much ia , opposition to
liiB general wishes, which always ran in faTonr of
actire warfare at lirhatever hazard. On the same
day, therefore^ that the Duke of Cumberland
H^irched from Linlithgowy the Highlanders hav-
ing spiked their heavy cannon, and blown up their
magazinex left Stirling for the Frew, where they
crossed the rivc^r thpit evening, carrying all their
prisoners along witti^ them.

The explosion of the Prince's magazine at St
Niniaa's has been already mentioned. This cir-
enmstance afforded his now triumphant enemies an
.excellent opport^onity of traducing him. About
.ten of the country people had been killed by the
accident ; and it was studiously represented by the
Whigs, that the destruction of these innocent per-
sons had been an object with the Prince — that, in-
deed, the whole afiair was a conspiracy against the
natives. Notwithstanding that nearly as many of
|he insurgents had perished, ibis absurd calumny
was made the subject of serious discussion, not
only in conversation, but in pamphlets and ma-
ga4nes ; and as Charles did not remain to vin-
di|»ite. himself, it gained universal credit among
his /enemies. The religious alarmists of that
day even affected to believe it a piece of sa-
.crilege, representing the case as a sort of plea —
the Church of Rome versus the Church of St
.Ninian*s. The people of a succeeding age are
often astonished at the absurd beliefs which have
obtained among parties during an agitating crisis ;
and there are few of a domestic nature, in the his-

VOL. II. ^ ' D .

44 ARRIVAL oVf he. \

toiy of our country, which conld artoniah 4l mth
dem more than that which aaaeyented PHnee |
Charles to have spent six thooaaad pomnda wmght
of powder in blowing np a country pariah chiirdi»
for the purpose of destroying a few unoffending
indiTiduals.

But while Charles is so easily excnlpated from
the charge of inhumanity and sacrilege, ihe coward-
ly ruffians who formed the host of his adTersaryf
and who helned to propagate this calumny against
him, are not to be ao easily acquitted of one far
more savage and fiendish — ^tfie conflagration of the
pakoe of Linlithgow. The spacious halls of this
beautiful old pile, where many a noble and many
a royal heart formerly reposed — where the chival*'
rous James projected his terrible dkragh hi^leaa
inroad upon England, and where his beniteoua dfr-
scendant drew her first breath—these Tenerable
apartments, consecrated to every bosom in Scot*
land by national feeling and historioal assodaftioiif
were on this occasion sfMread with straw to recoTa
the vile persons of a brutal foreign s<ddiery; and
the hallowed echoes were awakened to rude pr<H
fanity and laughter, whi<^ had slept since the lar
mentations of Flodden and the lovenstraina of
Mary. When the inglorious crew arose to dqiarl,
they resolved to show their contempt of the com*
try which they invaded, by desecrating this §t^
vourite shrine of national feeling ; and they ao^
cordingly, with the greatest deliberation, raked
the live embers of their fires into their straw-pal-
lets, so as immediately to involve the apartments
in flames. They then left the building to its fiite^
9nd it soon became, what it now is, a desolate and
Vlackened ruin.

MAHCn TO THE NORTH. 45

CHAPTER m.

MARCH TO THX HO&TH.

^ «

Kow great Hawl^y leads on, with great Huske at hit tail*
And me Duke in the centre-— this sure cannot fail.

JacobUe S<m^»

Ths last meal which Prince Charles partook apon
iIm Lowland territory, which he had now kept pos-
Maslott of for fire months, was at Boqahan, on
tile Ist of Feteiuuy, immediately before crossing
ike Bntfa. He arrived here a little after mid-day,
flkmg with his principal officers, and sat down to
a ^net which had been prepared for him. His
j0fBtch across the river was attended by a circum-
•lanee, which seems to prove that the peasantry of
Seotkoid were not miiformly adverse or indiffer-
ent to his caose. On the prece^ng evening, Cap-
tlutt Campbell, of the King's service, had come,
with a party of soldiers^ to the farm of Wester
¥n/Wy upon the north side of the riv^, and asked
far a parson who might show him the fords. The
farmer was a stannch Jacobite, and, suspecting no
good to his prince from the Captain's in<]piiries, di-
feoted him, not to llle regular and accustomed
fiatd, but to ono which was seldom used, a little

46 MARCH TO THE NOR^H.

farther np the river. Campbell then took from a
dot several sacks full of caltrops, which he threw
into the stream. Having thus prepared, as he
thought, for the annoyance of the insurgent army,
he and his party withdrew. The fturmer, secretly
rejoicing at the service he had done to the Prince,
crossed the water next day, along with his sons
and servants, and remained near his Royal Holi-
ness all the time' he was at dinner. When their
meal was finished, the party took the prop«r ford,
all except Charles, who, not thinking any infor-
mation necessary regardfaig fords which he had
used, rode through by one different from either dF
the above-mentioned, and in which the hnnet had
seen one of Campbell's men deposit a single cal-
trop. By ill luck, the Prince's hoiBe picked up
this, and was of course wounded. This iafomia^
tion was derived from one of llie toner's scnm,
who survived till recent times, and who never
could speak of the eircnmstance without gieat e-
motion. , He used to say, that he had at first e^
tertained a boyish apprehension, lest he ^duld find
nobody to point out llie IVmce at Boquhan Howe,
and that he should thus be unable in after lile to
say that he had beheld so interestmg- a peraea.
** But, " he would continue, with the fervour of
a true JacoUte, ^* my anxiety on this point was
quite unnecessary ; — there was someikmgf m the
air of that noble young man, which would have
pointed him out to me, as the son of a king, amoBg
ten thousand ! "

The army spent the evening of that day (Fe-
braary Ist), at Dumblane, while the Prinoerodi^iir-
wavd a flw miles and lodged at Drumin^Mi 6ib-

UAMCU to TV9 iroUH' 4?

ile» the pnoceAj teai of Ub friend die Dnke o£

PcttlL The roads were now found so bad, that

diey were obliged to kave some of their baggage

beluBd. They penisted> hower er, in a resolution

wUdi had been made, to take aU their prisonem

akmg with them to the North. These persona^

«Asr the battle, had been confined in die Castle of

Do«me, near DunUane, a strong old fortress^ of

wldch the Laird of Criengjrle had been made go*

vnnor ; and they now joined the army in its re« .

treat. Many of them tods the earliest opportnai*

ty of making their escape, notwithstanding^ that

lliey were treated with all possible dtility, and

kid pled^ped thehf honour not to take advantage of

any indnlgenoes whidi might be -shown to them. ,

The Midland army readied Crieff next day,

•ad tlie Prince slbpt at a place catted Faintton*

A council of war was there held on the Sd ; when

k wna determined that, for the sake of subsistence

die Boaidi to the North should be performed in

two parties; one of n^di, consisting of the clans»

imder Charlesls command, should take the ordft*

nary military road whidi General Cope had aa*

anmed in his northern expedition ; while the Low->

oonntry regiments and horse shoold be conducted

by Lord George Munay, along the roads by the

coast of Angus and Aberdeenshiivi^ Inyemesa

was to be the rendesrous. At the time this re-*

aolntiQii was takim, the Duke of Cumberland, was

bwy, thirty niks behind, in repairing the bridge

of StuHng for the passage of hia troops ; one aroi

of that ancient and important smMStare faariaf

lieeii dealwyed, at an eariy period of the caan

fftip^ by Goremor BlakBaey, te prevent the

'4B MARCH TO THl MOUTH.

trannitission of supplies to Chwles from ^ High*

lands.

' Nothing Gonki more distinetly prove the indm-

dwd superiority of the insurgent army over the

King's troops, or rather periiaps'the superiority of

. their desultory system over the formal and fo^ish
rules of regular wwfBre, than llie w»y in wfaoch
they performed their retreat to the Nwtk * While
die Duke of Cumberland had to wait a day for
the repair of a bridge, and then could only dmg
his lumbering strength over the post-roads at tii6
rate of twelve or fourteen miles in as many honrs^
Charles forded rivers, crossed over moon, and
dared the winter dangers of a hilly country ' witfc
the utmost alacrity and promptitude. Tl^ pro-
sent generation has seen the same system revived
with effect by the great Modem Soldier of the
Continent ; and it is imposnble to give a better
idea of the surprise with which the Duke, mi'tbe
preisent occasimi, beheld the incalculable^ mov«*
ments of his antagonist, than by recalling the per-
plexity of the old Austrian "generals on obserring
-the finst movements of Buonaparte in' Italy.

At the commencement of the pursuit, the Duke
had been little more'dnm a singte day's man^ be-
hind the retiring host. But,' on die sixth day, he
found this interval to have increased thieitfbkL

' The Highland army had be^t paanng through
Perth, in straggling parties, during the whole of
the 2d and 3d of February ; he did not airiVe there
till the 6th ; when he learned that one party had
passed Blair in Athole on the direct rmd to In-
^remess, while the other was just evaconlmg^ M en-
trose, OB the route to Aberdeoi. He theh mwM .

MARCH TO run NOETH. 49

to ^iseoAtinHe tlie .diase^ for the present ; the WM^
ther bemg the most imfit fH)fl8ible for the mbye^ ^
meiitB of his army, and the Highland hills whidi
now rose to hiQ view, presenting bat few indnce-*
ments iot an advance. He contented himself
with fishing up, from the bottom of the Tay, about
fonrteai gons which the insurgents had spiked and
dirown into the bed of that river, and with send-
mg oat parties to lay waste the lands andseixe the
improtected relattonfi of the Perthshire insaigents.

Before he had been many days in Perth, intel-
ligence was ' brought to him, that his brother-in-
law^ the Prince of Hesse, had entered the Frith of
Forth, with those auxiliary troops which, as al-
ready menlaoned, his Majesty had called over
finMn the Contment, to assist him in suppressing
the insarreetion. ^ This armament cast anchor
in Leith Roads on the 8th of February. The
Prinee landed that ni^t at Leith harbour, and was
immediately conducted to Holyroodhouse, where
apartments had been prepared for his reception.
He was attended by the Earl of Crawford, so fa-
mous in ^e wanr of Geoige the Second, by a son
of the Duke of Wolfenbuttle, and by rarious other
d&tingiiished persims. The castle greeted his
Serene Highness with a round of great guns ; and
next day, notwithstanding that it was the Sabbath,
the people flocked in great numbers to see and
eongratidate him. - His troops, which amounted
to five thousand in number, landed on that and the
eneoeeding day, and were cantoned in the city. ^

The Duke of Cumberland judged it necessary,
mi the IMi, to leave his camp at Patfa> and pay
• hmried visit to the ftmc^ at Edinltargh. On

50 HAWim to THl HORTIb

Ui msfal ia tbat city, be w«« haile4 wilk ibi
loudest acdamations of the loyal inhabitaaliB^ mf
Yumng already cleaited the coniKtry of it9 duNkwr
bera» and restored peace where he had lately fowid
dvil war. It was at this time the general imfkrea*
sioii) that the insargents, dismayed at bis 9p*
pioacby had retired into the North only to dispeme
themselves, as Mar'ai^d his army had <lo&e ia
1*716, on the adraiice of the Duke of Argyie, and
that, in imitation of his fi&ther's coodoot at tbal
time» Charles had left the country by otte of the
p<H:ts on the east coast. The Whig writers of thd
time, at a loss to flatter the Roysl Soldier .eoffir
cienUy, assured the public tha^ his &ce biMl aele4
Uke the riung sim, and fairly disponed ik» oknidt-
ei rebelli<m which lately hoyered oyeg their conn*
try ;— ^ somewhat unlucky compari^mif how^vei'^
as a Jacobite afterwards remarked^ ia s^ Sir aa im
Royal Highneas's coutttenance bore a&mifortviwtte
resemblance to the round unmeaning Tisage naflii"
ally given to that luminary on a sign-post*

On Ae eyening of his airival at Jgdiubm^ ther
Duke and the Prince held a council of war in
Milton Lodge, the house of the Ixtrd Jnsliea
Clerky to determme their fn.tare operations. Thia
generals who attended this meeting, imposed upon
by the popular report, and disposed to flatter the
Cuke, gave it unanimously as their opinion, thai
the war was now at an end, and that his Royi^
Bigfaaesa had nothing to do but senitia hw paitiet
hito the Highlands, as sooft as the aeasim wo«U
yamit, who ahould eztenninale all that leineiDed
ef the msuigent fcnrce. Wh«i these p«r8oas h»d
^efiveved tkeir sentimefttib ^ Dnli» tmimi ta

MARCH TO TBI MORTlff. 51

l^rd MtttoBy and dediied to liear his efkakm «^oit
the present state of aflainu That worthy man
begged to he eKcmed from speakings in an as-
weaMy where his pi^ofession did not qualify him ;
Int his Rc^ral Hi^imess insisted that he should
«peak, as he knew liie Highlands and Highlandt
ers better than ' any man present. His Lordship
tlien deelaied' it as his opinion, that the war wlul
ftot at an end^ but that the insurgents would again
mite their scattered forces, and hazard a battle
before abandwung the enterpriser^ The Dnke^
wbo had idready seen the bad residts of giving up
tbediase too soeo, and of demittiag the suppree*
■km of the insunection to inferior hands, adopted
tfais'opinion ; and immediately set out to rejdb his
jffmy, baring piBviously given orders that the
Hessian tnxyps should f<dlow him with all eonve-
iiient speed. '

/> The propriety of L<Hrd Milton's opinion was
•proved by what followed. Notwithstanding the
weatho*, and the desolation of th^ country, Charles
succeeded in leading his force, without diminu-
tion, over the Grampians; to the shore of the
Moray Fridi; and Lord George Murray easily
reached the same point, by the more circuitous
route which he had adopted through Angus and
Aberdeenshire. In his march through Badenoch^
^ Prince reduced the small Government, fort of
Rn&ven ;' and Lord George, ia passing Peter*
head, was reinforced by a troop of dismounted
Frendi picquete, whidi had just been landed at
that. pert. The Duke pursued Lord George's
vonte at a leisurely pace, leaving the Hessians to
guard the passes at Perth, and having sent on a

51 MARCH TO Tax VO&TH*

bodj of troofM under &Sr Andrew Agneir to g*r*
ifaon the caede of Blair.

It was perhaps unfortunate for Scotland thM
the commander of the Royal army should Imfm
taardied to Cnlloden throogh Angns and Aber-^
deenshire; because the symptoms ei disaffidctioa
which he saw in these districts^ most hava given
Mm an ezCliftmely nnfivroorable imprBSBion of the
kingdom in generalf and had a strong effect in dier
posing him to treat it, after his TictcMy^ as a cooi^
qnered country. All the gentlemen thioiighont
Angnsy at leaiErt, he fonnd absent with the insmr^
gent army; odiers paid him so little reqMCt as
to rea*ait almost before his eyes. In the tows
of ForfiBur, a small party ci ChaiWs forces
beat up for new adherents on the day before he
entered the town; and, being concealed by the
inhabitants till he had gone past, continued to do
the same immediately on his back being turned^
¥^en he lodged '«t the Castle of Glammis, ^ ano^
ther incident occurred, which must have not a liv
tie exasperated bis temper. On his tmop prqiar*
ing to ctepart in the morning, it was found that all
the girths of his horses had been cut during the
night, in order to retard his march. But a motm
unequivocal proof of the hatred in which he WB»
held by the Angusians, occurred at the ancient,
Episcopal, and truly Jacobite city of Brednn^whicli
was his first stage beyond Forfar. As he was-
slowly parading through the principal street, hem-
med closely in, and retarded by an immeose crowd
which had coUected to see him, he observed a sin*
gularly pretty girl standing on a stah-headj gaaring,
among many others of her sex, at the ""iturt
■pectacle ; and it pleased his Royal Highness to

Vf AltCH TO THE KORHft. &i

honour ^hia damsel with a low bow and an ekva^
tion ci the hat. To his great mortification, and
to the no less delight of the s{)ectiitors, the object
of his admiration returned the compliment by a
contemptnotts gesture which (|oes not admit of de-
scription. The Dtike might have laid little stress
upon the trick of a stal^le-boy, or upon the daring
of a country gentleman ; but when he found the
principles of rebellion revolutionizing the female
heart so far as to render it impervious to flattery,
he was certainly justifiable in considering the case
desperate.

Having resolved, on reaching Aberdeen, to a-
wait the return of spring before proceeding farther^
he marked his sense of the disaffection of this part
of the country, by subjecting part of it to the ter-
rors of military law. A man of the name of Fer-
rier had raised about two hundred men for the ser-
vice of the Chevalier throughout the Braes of
Angus, where, establishing a sort of camp, he laid
the country under contribution even to the very
ports of Brechin. The Duke despatched a party,
which, not satisfied with expelling Ferrier, treated
the country with excessive severity, mulcting all
whom they could convict of Jacobitism, and burn-
ing the whole of the Episcopal meeting-houses.
** It cost some pains, ** observes the Scots Mag»»
Bine very gravelyt ** to save Glenesk from being
burnt from end to end, being a nest of Jacobites.**
Charles reached Moy Castle, about ten miles
from Inverness, on Sunday the 16th of February.
Inverness was at this time possessed by the Esurl
' of Loudoun, a Lieutenant-Greneral in the Royal
service, who had early in the campaign raised se-
reral independent compani^es in the North, and had

54 MARCH TO THE NORTH.'

now a force of about two thonsaad umii. . The
Prince intended to await tfae arriyal of Lord
George Morray with the other cdnoin of hia
army, before making any attempt upon that formi-
dable body; and he now repoaed, after hia l»-
tiguing march over the Grampians, a welcome and
honoured gnest, in the honae of an adherent. Moy
was the principal seat of the Laird of Maclntoab,
whose clan had been led out by hia wife, while he
hiooself remained in a command under Lord Lou-
doun. The Laird was at this time upon duty with
the Royal forces, and Lady Macintosh alone re-
mained at Moy, to dispense the duties of hoepitali-
ty. Charles, apprehending no danger from his yidr
mty to Lord Loudoun, allowed his men to straggle
about the country, and had only a few with ham
at the time when a remarkable incident took place.

Lord Loudoun, learning the security in which
Charles was reposing, formed a project of seising
his person by surprise. At three in the aftemooa,
he planted guards and a chain of sentinels com-
pletely round Inyemess, both within and without
the town^ with positive orders not to suffer any
person to leave it, on any pretext whatev^^ how-
ever high the rank of the person might be. At
the same time he ordered fiifteen hundred men to
hold themselves in readiness to march at a mo-
ment's warning ; and, having assembled this body
of troops without alarming die inhabitants,^ he set
off at their head, as soon as it was dark, planning
.his march so as to arrive at the Castle ojf Moy a-
bout eleven o'clock at night.

How his Lordship's well-laid scheme came to
be discovered by the enemy, is not very well
known. There are at least two accounts. One

TO THS NOETll. 6A

Urm% tftm FhMer.of OoriUeck deap«tdiad aktler
to Lady Maclntodiy waming her of the deflign.;
and that aooiber opistle to the same effect was
€Soauniimcated by. her Ladyships mother, who,
thon^ a Whigy.waa vnwiUing that the Friiieo
ahoidtd be taken in her davg^ter'a honae. The
other aooount m moat ooniustent with probability.
Some English officers being orerheard in a tayem
discnssing the projecty the daughter of the land-
lady> a girl of thirteen or fourteen years of age,
found means to escape from the town, and, run-
aing as fast as she could to Moy, without shoes or
atodkmgSy which she had taken off to accelerate
Jher jmigr^MSy gaye Lady Macintosh a breathless
Barr^dye of the plot. Charles immediately left
the house, and took refuge among the hills. The
high-spirited lady at the' same time despatched five
or six of her people, under the command of a
eountry bhicksmith, to watch the approach of Lou-
doun s troops.

The man intrusted with this duty was one of ~
singularly intr^d and mterprising spirit. Guees-
.ing the probable effects of a counter-surprise, he
resolved to check Loudoun's march to Moy ; and
though his little party seemed so ill adapted to
such a purpofle, he carried through his design with
all the vigour which might have been expected
, from a better-matched commander. Having plant-
ed his men at considerable intervals along the road,
^ with the orders whidi he considered necessary, he
no sooner heard the noise of the i^proaching troops,
than he fired his piece in that direction, his mea
.doing the same at brief intervals. The party then
made bb much noise as they could, calling upon

VOL. II. s

66 UAnCH TO THB VOBTii*

Ifae CMMfodfl and M aeDoiiiMB to adfiBiB6> mi
shoating OBt orders that no quarter flhonld be givev
to ihe nUains wko deaigiied to mnider theur pttce.
Hw ruse had all the effeot that eonld haive heett
expected^ Without waitiiig for a eecond fii% ^
anny taraed tail en mas$e, ^wnviBoed that the
wbcie of the HigUand amy was upon liiem ; and
a scene of confiision ena«ed whi<^ it would bo dif«
fieolt to describe. Those who had boen fiitft in the
advance wero also the first to retreat; bat tiie
rear, net so quickly apprehending the mattery did
net fly exactly at ibe same time, and many worn
theref<H« thiown down and trode npon^ to the im-
minent danger of their lires. The panic^ fear» and
flight. continued till they got near Inverness, where
it was found, that, though none of the aniiy were
flhuny except a fifer by ihe blacksmith's shot, the
whole were in a state of the utmoet distress, widi
bruises, wounds, and mortification. The Master
of Ross, one of the unhappy band who earnved •
till recent times, used to say, that he had been m
many situations of peril throughout his fife, btti
had never found himself in a condition so grieyo«B
as that in which he was at the route of Moy.

Charles assembled his men next meaning, asd
advanced upon Inverness, to take revenge for the
alarm into which he had been ^rown ; but Loid
Loudoun, wisely judging himself no raatdi for two
or three thousand men afW he had been discom*
fited by half a dozen, retired across the Moray
« Firth into Ross ; by which motion he tVas pre-
vented, during the whole campugn, firom ever
forming a junction with the 'Royel army, and his
whole force, indeed, from which so much had been

MASCH TO «HB HPftTH. 1^7

cxpedad by Qnmnmi^^ feaderad Mmpkltly

' iBwriMMs, aoir a floniiahkig Knrn of aioa m
tea ^NMMBid iwhaiikawts, wbeie all Ae reilae*
BMolB, and maay di the ekgiiiaas of ehjr lila ata
ta be ttMt Iritby iqipean^ fron a piMicatioa ol tba
paribdy ^ to hare beea thai only aaeh a toiwa aa
eofM ba «xpecfeed in fSkeviaaitf af a HigUnd
iMd hatf-ovlliaed t6iTitcRy«-« royal baiigh, yal
not flniaDci{iated from feodal doaunalkm; a na^
fiOEti bitt poiiBDMmg only a sHgbt local couuneroe ;
ooafined in its dknensioiui, limited in popaki*
tiony and pear in ha resooreiak While the towa
beia erery extnnal mark of wietchednetB, ill
|ieopla-— eren iti shopkeepefa^—'Woie the Highland
dreai in all- its aqoalor and 8eanti(tade» and geot^
lally spoke Gaelnc. A coach had never, at this
time, been seen at Inyemees ; nor was there a
tompike road wi&tn forty milaa of ha walk* The
mdy adranoement winchr it coald be said to hanra
■mde in dviUzatmn, was occasioned by the .Eng-
lish ganiaon naiintaiaed in its fort by GaTemment»
and - by a ootain degtee of interconrse iduch its
disafiected neighbears maintained, thrangh fts port,
With France. A few indeed of the Highland
gentry resided in it during the winter, shedding a
£seble and partial gleam of intelligence over the
.minds of the kOted bmgfaers ; and it was in the
aown^hoase of one of these, Lady Dnimmnir,
mother to the Lady Macintosh,-— which, as appeal^,
w» then the only house at InTerness that had a
roam nagntced by a bad,~p*4h8t the Yotmg Cheva*
lier took np his residence.
r. Thoagh Charles thna easily obtained poasessioit
af Inv«measy his triamph could not be ctdAed con»«

56 MARCH TO TMB VORTtt.

plete so king 88 the fort hM out against lihn. Eort
George, for sadi was its name, had been establish^
od at the Rofoiution, ap<m the site of the ancient
castle of Inremess, wfaieh, we need not remind
the reader, has been rendered daasicai by l^dc-
vpene. A tsU massive tower, reared i^Km an
eminenoe, the sides of. whidi were protected by
bastions,— -conmaading the town on one hand,
and the Inridge over the Ness on another,-«-4brmed
the whole of this trifling place of strength, which
had cost GoTemmentaitegether about "ifty^Mraaand
poimds, in its construction and maintenance. On
the present occasion, it was garrisoBed by a com*
pany of Giants under Rothiemarchns, '^ a compaay
of MacLeods, and eighty regular troops ; and had
sufficient store of ammunition and provisions.
' The Highlanders, who held the duiin of forts
which Gofermnent had planted throughout their
country, in very smaU reipect, reoaved a ^stifica*
tion of the highest order, when, after a siege of
two days, this fortress fell into thek hands. Theup
joy was of such a nature, as to receire little addi-
tion'from the sixteen pieces of <»nnon, or even
the hundred barrels of beef, whidi accompanied
the rendition. But it was sensibly increased,
when they learned that the Prince had resolved to
destroy the hated fortress. This was done imme-
diately after it surrendered, though not without
a loss of life. The French engineer, who was
chaiged with the duty of blowing it up, thinking
the match was extinguished, approached to ex»-
mine it, when the explosion took place, and car-
ried him up into the air, along with the stones of
the bastions He was thrown quitd bver the river^
and fell upon a green at least three hundred yards

iTABdH TO Tim nowgn* 59

( from die castle. It is said, Aat thou^ he himsetf
\ tras foimd dead, his dog, a little French poodle,
1 widch went up into the air along with him, fell
! unhurt by his dde, and was able immediately Uf
nm away. ^ ^

Bef<Hre the capture of Fort George, which took
place on the 20&l of Febmary, the cohunn led by
Lord George Murray joined the Prince, and ren-
dered the army onee more complete. The whole
4^ th^ Lowland territory on the dhore of the Moray
Firth, besides all tl^e adjacent Highlands, to the
distance of an hundred miles from Inverness, was
now in the hands of the insurgents ; bnt the Duke
interposed on one side, and the Hessians on an-
otiber, to prerent all comnramcation with the South ;
and Lord Loudoun, faangpa^ with his native troops
atm nearer .upon the north, their posiuon was by
w» D^eans an agreeable onew Money and prDvi*
4090 wi^re in daio^par of e^diaustion in the meaii
time ; and ll^e return of spring seemed mily neces-
I 8Si?y to perinit the three armies to narrow their
ehwils^ 9ad crash the iBBBifeitts by an orerpowerin^

60 FROCBSMMGS IN THB HOKTR.

CHAPTER IV.

t>ROCE£DlNGS IN THE NORTH.

The North !— .What do they in the North ?

Bichat-dthe. Third.

Whatever were tbe advantages or diBad vantages
of a position which had only been chosen as the
best that could be obtained, the H^hland army
displayed no symptom of depression mideir tkev
unfortunate circnmstances, bat, on the tKmtnryi
maintained all that show of energetic comiige and
alacrity which bad so strikingly distiAginiAed the
more brilliant era of the campaign. They project-
ed a number of expeditions, sieges, and surprises,
almost all of which they executed with prompti-
tude and success, notwithstanding the season was
uncommonly severe, and the Hi^lands a country
as ill suited as might be for the evolutions of a
winter campaign. Lord Loudon having annoyed
them a good deal by invasions upon their side of
the Firth, a party under the Duke of Perth at last
succeeded in surprising and dispersing his army,
taking several hundred prisoners, without the ex-
change of a sholii Another party reduced Fott
A#igu8tnB with eqaml eas^ ; while Lochiel (nd

PllOCBSDIirOS IN .TUB ItlMITK. 61

tiiege to Fort William, whieh, daring' his absoieey
Aad proved a grierotis annoyance to the' country
of his clan. Lord John Dnunmond was despatcb-
Od with a considerahle body, to forlafy the pai-
iage of the Spey against the advance of the Diike
-df Cumberland; and several minor adventorefs
even went so fiir as to skirmish with the advanoedl
iMffties of the Royal army, some of whom were
snrprised and taken prisoners with a dexterity aad
ease which* strode terror into the main body, and
Confirmed them in their previous impresnon of ikk
activity and vigour of the Highland warriors. '

The most remarkable of all these expeditions
#as One projected by Lord George Murray apon
his native district of Athole. It has already bemi
said that die Duke of Cumberleiid sabjeeted Angm
to military execntion'; it remains to be stated,
that his detachments in the upper part of Perth-
diire treated that country with even greater seva*
fity. The mother of the Duke of Perth and the
wife of Viscount Strathallan, lor the crime of havw
ing reladons in the insurgent army, were s^ed m
liieir own houses^ and hurried to Edinburgh Castle,
where they remained prisoners for a twelvemontb
in a small and unhealthy room. All the houses
whose proprietors had gone with Prince Charles,
were burnt, or retained fnr quarters to the mili«
tary ; the -imhappy tenants being in either case
expelled to starve upon the snowy heath* When
Lwd George heard this at Inverness, he resolvedto
succour his country from its oppressors. Havii^
taken care to seeme uH the passes, so as. to pre*
vent his' mtentions. from . beconikig known to the
enemy, he set out about the nnddle of March,
with 86fM hwidradmeR, nood of wfaon^ knew the

pracjie object of die expeditioiu On the eTengig
of the lOtK heving reached a place called Dalpa*
^idal» npoii the ccmfioee of Athole, a halt iraii
c«Bed» end the whole hody divided iato a num^
her of enoaU parties* Lord Geoi^ge then inform^
ed tbev* that he-wished to eurpriae all the dif«
iMEent poete of the Eoyid troops ^ore daylight^
and.ea astoly aa poaeible at fhe same tune ; foe
ikhkh piirpoae> each pavty a^ionld select a post for
whose strength it mi^t he proportiimed ; and the
foseral rend(BV?oius ufyex aU was done, was to ho^
the Bxidge of Bmar, two miles from Blair. Tho;
chief posjts to be attacked were Bnn-Rannoch| the
hmise of Keynnachin, the house of BlairfettLey tba
house of Lode, the house of FWoJlyy and the imv
of Blair; besides which, there were a^i^at neii^
ber of less strength a^d importance.

The parties set out immediately, each taldngtlji^
shorteat way to its respective post; and i|aost f]€
them readied the point of attack before di^y^f
braak* ^ At Bw^Raanochy where there happoa^d
to be a late^wake that nif^ty the gsrnsoa (a partji^
of AigylMurB men) were surprised in thjs mid^
of thttr feodiity,, and made prasoners withoat f^
ehaage of shot. The seatmel of Keynnadiin bsn
hig more vigilaatt and having alarmed the party
wkhia, that honae was not taken till after a short
resistaBce, and the sknghter of one man* AtBhirr
Jbtde, the vrheh party was sarprised, inclusive of
the seBtiael» iHid made prisoners after a brief bnf
iBsAetnal lesistHMo. The ganiaoiMi of Lvde and
Faajnlly were taken in Ae aamo nmer; aa4
only at the inn of Bkur, did the party attaoM
hiOe the HighkuMhrty ertveceed in miilii% tliir

PBOCEEBllfOB IN THB NOATR. OS

' TMs laist party taking fefbge in the casUe of
'Bhir, Sir Andrew Agnew immediately got his
men mider arms, and mardied ont to see Trho they
were that had attacked his posts. It was now
nearly daybreak, and Lord Greorge Murray stood
at the place of rendezrons, with only four-and-
twenty men, anxiously awaiting the anival of the
varions parties. Fortunately he receired intelH*-
gence by a cotmtryman, of the iq>proach of Sir
Andrew ; otherwise he must have been cat off, to
llie irrepand[>le loss of &e insurgent anny. He
hastily consulted with hi^ attendants, as to the
best course they could pursue in such a dilem-
ma ; and some advised an immediate retreat along
Ae road to Dalwhinnie, while others were for
crossing over the hills, and gaming a place of
safety by paths where lliey <3ouM not be parsned.
The genius of this ez<^Bent soldier suggested a
mode of procedure, not only safer than either of
diese, (by which all the parties, as they succes*
sively readied the place of rendesvous, must have
been sacrificed), but which was calculated to dis-
concert and perhaps to discomfit the approaching
oiemy. Observing a long turf wall in a field near
the bridge, he ordered his men to ensconce them-
selves behind it, lying at a considerable distance
lifom each other, and displaying the colours of the
wfaoJe party at still greater intervals. Fortunatelyy
he had wi^ hibn all the pipers of the corps ; these
he ordered, as soon as they mew Sir Andrew's
men appear, to 8tril» up thehr most boisterous pi-
broch* All Ibe rest, Imb commanded to bnmdidi
toMr s^v^erds ^'ver the wall*
' The Blair garrison happened to appear just as
the sun rose above ibe horison ; and Lord Geoige's

M wmOCMMMMQB in tVM WMTU.

fiidtn buB^ pcoperly obeyiedt tbt men steed vdUp
•erioiuljr abiraied at tbe prepantioiui wliidi seem-
ed to hare been mftde for their xec^tiiMu After
Iktening half a mumte to the tomiilt of faeg*pi]M%
^nd casting one equally brief glance at the gUtter^^
ing broads wordiy they turned back, (by eider of
thnr ^inaiander» however,) and ha^y aeeigfat
jsheker within the walk of their castle. The Hi^br
Jand leader^ delighted with the snecess of hn msn*-
fmamf kept post at the bridge till about the half
jof his men had airived| and then proceeded to uip
/Test Blair.

When r^oined by all his men. Lord George
found that no fewer thsa thirty dijQSerent posts, had
l^n surprised that morning between the hours ef
ibree ^dcfive, withoq.t the loss of a single swBf
The same success, however, did not attend faii^
/deliberate siege ; ' which he wasobliged to rsise en
the Slst of March, alter having only reduced the
garrison to great distress for want of provisions* *.
r One of the principal reasons for the retreat into
the Njorth, had been the hope ef tiieir {M-ocmiBg
.unittterrupted supplies from France ; by which
means Charles expected to prolong the war at his
pleasure, and not^ to %ht till he knew his advae^
t^ge* But it soon appeared diat this hope was
grievously fallacious. Out of all the suppKes whi^
were despatched to him from Franoe— and, to do
Louis, justice, they were neither few nw §u be»>
tween-»*very few ever reached their destbiatiQii';
being generally picked up fay the English war*
vessels, whidi cruised in great iiumi^en Tonnd the
coast. One vessel of supply, containing aboet
13^00/1, besides other valuable matteis, wes tBktn
under circumstances peculiarly distressing*

' ]>iit% Gli«ie8*8 nunrh into Enghmd^ tte Higlki
Uttd panjr statioii^ at Montrose were giietously
smoyed by the Hazard 8k»op of wwt- of eighteen
gmm, which^ lying near the ehote, never p^nitted
ny of than to appear without firing. They weM
incensed beyond measare at liiia annoyance^ and
the BMwa so that their peci^ar mode ^ vnrkre
was flueh as to prevent the possibility of reprisat
At last, an intrepid and ingenious officer^ whose
liame has nnfortnnately been forgotten, formed ft
project of seising this vessel, which he carried into
effect, in the following manner. One <ky, when
A lieavy fog favoiffed his purpose, he prertfiled up-
<«' his men to accompany him in a few fisha^
teats towards the sloop, imderthe pretext of ex-
amining it. Before they were ftware, he had ap^
|m>ached very near, so as to be espied by the men
4m board. But l^re was no occasion to retire, or
eveii to fear. The sailors, at sight bf the Higb-
laoders, fell down up<ta their knees, and, with np-
Hfted hands, implored the <|uarter which they
might have so easily caused the enemy to be^
fimot them. The Highlanders immedktely got on
board, and compelled the eailwe, with pistols ttt
-their breasts, to steer the vessel into port.

This vessel W8is afb^wards despatched tO Fraaeo
us a gtk>Wi under the name of ^< the Prince Charles/*
«nd was returmng to Scotland with tlie valuable
cargo above mentioned, when she was tatcen up
and chased by the Sheemess man<>of»war. The
place where the rencontre happened was near the
north^ti ettremity of Scotland, where a dangeiv
e«u sea perpetually Ixnls round a bold high coast,
aff!»ding no port or pkce Of shdter. The crew,
unwilling to haacard their eai^ by to action, made

66 JPROCIBOIIIGS IN THB XOSTH.

iA 8Sll 16 eUcaffe die gmu of the Bheemem^wkkb,
howerer, kept so close as to kUl thirty-sa of ibe
m&DL After a day's chase, the Prince Charles ma
hi upon Tongae Bay, where she was salio firon
the Sheemess, bat not, as it soon appeared, from
a more deadly enemy*

After the Dnke <^ Perth had surprised and <&-
perised Lord Loudon's troops, some of theaoi re-
tired to what KB called. Lord Reay* s Country, a
wild district, but recently emerged from the eon-
dition of a f^wrest, at die very northnn extremity
of Scotland. They were there residing willi Lord
Reay, when the crew of the Prince Charles landed
.with their treaifture near that nobleman's house.
Lord Reay, on learning the fact of the disem-
barkmtot, sent a person with a boat to ascertain
their numbers; and finding them not aboye hk
strength, drew out his men early next moniing,
and went in pursuit. He came up with th^
about two hours after daybreak (March 26th), and,
after they had given a few fires, succeeded in cap-
turing the whole party, which consisted of twen^
officers, and a himdred and twenty si^diers and
sailm. His £u;tor disposed of the treasure in a
Tory remarkable way* Having persuaded those
about him that the boxes in w^ch it was slowed
contained only shot, he appropriated' it to himself,
and founded, by its means, what is now a very
wealthy and respectable £nnily.

But this mishap was only a preas^ of the
darker woes which now closed fiut round the for-
tunes of the Chevalier. The last act of this ^»ad-
fnl drama was approaching, when heroism, genie-
rosity and devotion, were all to meet one common
fete of death and 8(»tow ; and hearts, which had

ntDCWUNWGS IN THS KOATH. 67

hitfaittotaitUgb with the hoUeftI aenlimeiiti^ w^ve
muk^ to be s^led m defipair, or utterly quieted
■pon Iks bloody heaUi. It is painful to approach
this part of our uarratiTe ; but^ as the Highland
bard smnewh^. expresses it, nature demands the
Aigfat as well as the day, and so must the pibroch
•f trivmph occasionally give way to the , coronach
«f kmentl

The failure of supplies from France soon re-
duced the insurgent army to a condition of great
distress. Charles himself had not above five
hundred louis, nor could his oihcers procure
any BYlbsidies from thdr tenants ih the south, by
remm ci the strict blockade under which the
H^hlands were lying. What was worst of all,
the country under their command, tliough exten*
sive, and comprising a ccnsiderablB proportion of
LfOwland territory, was soon exhausted of proyi-
•ions ; insomuch, as a fugitive prisoner reported to
his own army, the best officens among them were
glad when they could procure a few blades of raw
eabbage from the farmers' gardens. Charles en-
deavvmred to remedy this evil by dissipating the
army, as much as he considered prudent, over the
'ince of the country ; but this had only the addi-
tional evil effect of weakening his force numeri-
. cally when the day of conflict arrived.

While Charles lay at Inverness, the Duke of

Cumberland had his head-quarters at Aberdeen,

•which is Inwards of one hundred miles distant fi-om

that town* The weather continued, till the be-

gtaniag of April, to be unfavourable for the march

'of regular troopa. But, about that time, a few

days of dry cM wind, swe^ing away the snow

- VOfii lu . s

08 PB0CUPIX08 IN TBS ]iaB«H.

from the hiUsy and dtyiag the riven, leadeee&it
possible to proceed without much difBcvltf ; and
the Duke accordiugly ordered a march upon tba
8th. He had been by this time suj^pUed vitfa a
fleet of victualling ships, which were to sail along
the coast, and send provisions on shore as. required
by the army. His host, comprising fifteen foot
regiments, two of dragoons, wi^ Kingston's horsey
a body of Argyllshire Highlanders, and a detach-
ment of Lord Loudoun's regiment, which had been
shipped over from Ross, amounted altogether to
about nine thousand men.

His Royal Highness reached Banff upon the
10th, encamping in the neighbourhood of the town*
Two Highland spies were here seized, one of
them in the act <^ notching the numbers of the
army uppn a sdck, according to a fashion which
also obtains among the primitive Indians of Ame-
rica. They were both hanged. On the 11th,
the army moved forward to Cullen, where the
Earl of Fmdlater testified his loyalty by dislribat*
ing two hiindred guineas among the tcoops. Strict
orders were here issued to them not to stir oat of
the camp upon pain of death. During this day's
march,' ibe army, keeping constantly upon Uie
shore, were closely accompanied by the fleet* The
weather was also good, and the men were dieered
by the prospect of crossing the Spey without dif-
ficulty.

This great mountain-stream, so remarkable for
its depth and rapidity, had hitherto been esteemed
by CharWs army as almost a sufficient hairier
between them and the Duke of •Cumberland, -and
as indeed ^mpletely protecting their country Qpin
the east. Charles had, s^eral weeks bifov^, de*

Fiioctxmirea in thb voats. 09

spAldied Lord Jolin Drmnmond with a strong
party to defeitd the fords ; and some batteries were
lalsedy wludi it was expected might accomplish
that object. But, on the Duke approaching^ with
a quantity of cttmon sufficient to force the pas^
sage. Lord John very properly judged it wise to
aibandoii a positiiln wUdb he had Hot the power to
naiotain; and he accordingly fell back upon In*
▼enieM^ whare his appearance did not fiiU to ex-
cite ooBodenible alarm. ^

The Royal army forded the Spey, upon the
witemooa of Saturday the 12th of April. For this
frarpoee the troops were divided into three bodies,
one of which crossed at Gormach, anoAer neac
Gordon Castle, and a third close by the church'of
Belly. The men had the water up to^their waists ;
but such was the ease with which the operation
was condupted, that only one dn^oon and four
women were swept away by the stream. In the
earlier ages of Scottish history, the Spey had oc-
casionally proved a better defence, and more dead-
ly destroyer, to the various hostile parties which
h happened to separate.

The Duke encamped this evening upon the
banks of the river, opposite to Fochabers, himself
lodging in the manse of Belly. He marched next
day (Sunday) through Elgin to the muir of Alves,
where he was little more than thirty miles from
Inverness. The march of next day brought him
to Nairn, which was only sixteen miles from the
position of the insurgents. On arriving at the
bridge which gives entrance to this town from the
east, the vanguard found it not yet evacuated by
the rear-guard of the party which had attempted
t to defend the Spey. &)me firing took place from

70 PAOCSBDIHGB IN TRB NOBTir.

both ends of die bridge ; but at last the insni^efttt
retired, without much harm having been done on
either side. The advanoiog party gave chase for
several miles ; bat, the Prince coming up nnex*
pectedly with a reinforcement, the other in its
torn retreated.

During the 15th, which was the Dnke's birth-
day, the army lay inactive in their camp at Nairn;
and, as each man had an allowance of brandy^
cheese, and biscuit, at the Duke's expense, the
day was spent with appropriate festivity. This
eireumstance gave rise to a motion on the pait of
Prince Charies, which is allowed to have had a
strong effect in deciding the fete of his enterprise.

rBBUMIMAllIEA, (ke, 71

CHAPTER V,

PRBLlMIN^&IBfl OF TUB BATTLE OV CULtODSN*

The day approachedy when Fortune should decide
The important enterprise.

Dktdxit.

On Monday, the 14th, when intelligence" reached
Inremess of the Hoyal anny having crossed the
Spey, Charles rode ont, towards Nairn, to support
his retiring party ; hut returned to Inyemess he-
fore the evening. He then commanded the
drums to he beat, and the pipes to be played
through the town, in order to collect his men.
When they had assembled in the streets, he walk-
ed backwards and forwards' through their line»,
and endeavoured to animate them for the action
which seemed impending*^

They hailed his appearance, and received hv»
addresses with all their usual enthusiasm ; and, is
the midst t»f the huzza which ensued, many voices
exclaimed, " Well give Cumberland another Fon-
tenoy ! " He then mounted his horse, and, with
colours flying and pipes playing, led them out Uk
the parkft around Culloden House, three or feur

T8 PRSLtMlNARtBfl OV THE

miles from the town, where they prepared to hi-
Tonack for the night. *

At six o'clock in the morning of the 16th, the
army was led forward to Dmmmossie Mnir,
(about a mile still ftuther from Inyemess, in an
ei^terly direction), and there drawn up in battle
order to receive the Duke of Cumberland, who
was expected to march this day from Nairn.
Charles's force, at this time, was much smaller
than it had been at Falkirk, amounting to only
about six thousand men. He had issued orders,
some time before, to4he parties dispersed through*
out the country, commanding them immediately to
join ; but the Frazers, the Keppoch MacDonaids,
Cluny's MacPhersons, Glengyle's MacGregors,
some recruits of Glengary, and a laige body of
MacKenades, which had been nosed by the Earl
of Cromarty, were still absent. Under these cir-
cumstances, it was with some satisiiBction that
Charles learned the delay made by the enemy at
Nairn, which seemed to promise time for the sag*
mentation of his host.

The scarcity of provisions had now become
so great, that the men were, on this important
day, reduced to the miserable allowance of only
one small loaf, and that of the worst kind.
Strange as the averment may appear, we have be-
held and tasted a piece of the bread served out on
this occasion to the unfortunate heroes of the i^or^-
Fwt$ being the remains of a loaf or hannocky
which having, in all probability, been found at first
upon the person of one of the slain, has been care-
fully preserved ever since— -a period of eighty-one
years— by the successive members of a Jacobite
&mily. It is imposnble to imagine a composi*

BATTI.B OF CVItLpDBlf^ 7ft

tion of gi^eirter oonreeiieas, er less likely .eklier |o
please or satisfy the appetite ; and pwhaps no !«;•
dtal, however Sequent, ^ the miseries to which
Charles's army was reduced* could impress the
reader ii^tth so stroag an idea of the real extent
of that misery, as tli^ sight of this raogular relic«
Its ingredients appear to be merely the husks oC
corn, and a coarse unclean species^of dust, similar
to what is found upon the floors of a mill.

During the afkamoon df this day, many of the
troops, imable to subsist upon provision at once so
small in quantity, and so wretched in quality, lef(
their position, and either retired to Invemess, on
roamed abroad through the country, in search of
more substantial food. Before the evenings those
who remained had the mortification of seeing the
¥ictnal-ehips of the enemy enter the narrow arm of
the sea. which skirted their position, as if to tanta-
lize, them with the sight of a feast which it was
not in their power -to taste.

Drummossie Muir is a vast heathy flat, two
miles inland from the scmth shore of the Moray
Firth, five miles distant from Inverness, and ten
or twelve from Nairn. When the insurgents stood
with their faces towards the Duke of Cumber^
laqid's camp at Nairn, they had Inverness behind
them^ a barrier of mountains, with the river Naini
intervening, on the right hand, and the sea, with
the parks of CuUoden, ^on the left. There is a
remarkable similarity between the ground and that
pn which the battle of Preston took place ; ead)
being an elevated flat parallel with, and adjacent
to, an arm of the sea. . But the comparative posi-
tions of the armies were reversed in the present
case, in so for aa the Highlanders awaited the

74 FltBLIMINARIES OF THE

Isolde of bftttle open gromid correspotidiiig to
Btstioa of Sir John Cope, and the enemy ap*
proached, as ^ey had done in the former case,
from the east. It was more unfortunate for the
Highlanders that they should have thns stood rxpon
the defensive, than it had heen for the army of Sir
John Cope, hecause the advantage of their pecu-
liar mode of warfare lay solely in the wild onset
which they could make upon a passive hody, mrhile
the regular troops were better fitted to sustain an
attack with the necessary fortitude ; and Charles
may thus be said to have virtually renounced the
chances which had hitherto won him so many
victories, and put a corresponding advantage in
possession of J;he enemy,

Many things, however, which appear imprudent
to a superficial observer, or upon which that stigma
has been fixed by an unfortunate event, would, if
strictly inquired into, and judged without regard to
the issue, be found to have been in reality either
the result of necessity, or the most prudent course
of action, which, under the circumstances, could
be pursued. This applies, we are persuaded, to
the deeds of individuals as well as of public bo-"
dies, and ought ta be constantly kept in mind, as
a reason why we should judge leniently and with
- caution of what appear to be the fiedlings of our
fellow-creatures. But it applies with particular
force to the actions of a military leader, whom we
are peibaps too apt to consider prudent when suc-
cessful, and who is, on the other hand, scarcely
ever called in question but when unfortunate.

The leader of the insurgent army has hitherto
been censured with unsparing rigour for meeting
his enemy upon ground so fiivonrable to the ac«

ticta of cafalfy and arlill^ryy and wbeie he hiMMBif
could bring so little of hiis own peculiar strength
into play. It has appeared nnacconntable to every
obserirer of the ground, that he did not rather
pursue a, measure which was suggested to him» of
retiring into the hills to the righ^ and there either
luMrassuig the Kbyal forces by a protiacted mouu-
lain warfare> or at once cutting hijn off by one of
those wild attacks, which, upon such ground, the
Highlanders could so easily have executed. ' He
bas been blamed for listening to the councils of
his Irish tutor Sheridan, and to the wishes of his
for^gn and Low-country adherents, who avowed
themselves unable to bear the fatigues of a hill
campaign.

llie btstoriaoA and others who uige this charge
of imjwndence against thf prince* do not seem to
Jhave taken into consideration the condition of the
Hi^land army at this interesting crisis ; nor do
they allow for the weight of the motives which
actuated Chai'les in determining upon the course
jhe did. The men, it must be remembered, were
on the point of starving. There was no reason t^
euppose. that delay .would improve their circum*
etances. Had they retired to the hills, and per-
mitted the Duke to advance to Livemess, ihej
must have perished before reaching any place where
provLsions or. shelter could be obtained. Eve^
Lord George Murray, who is said to have chiefly
iulvoQ^ted a retreat into the hills, allows, in a let-
jter written after .the battle, ^ that the army were
jreduced to such a condition by famine, . as only tp
JiavB the alternatives of fighting or dispemog.
The reasons which remained for their meeting the
£oyal army on the moor, ^ere in reality itery

96 mUIMIIfiJUSS Of THE

titnngm It seemed to be eaeentially neccMtt ty A»t
Inyerness shonlcL be protected, as a defensible po*
sitiooy and as it contained their magaasine iand lifig*
gage. It was also obvious, that the men wosld
fight better under the priyaiions they were endor*
ing, than when their misery bad become aggramt-
ed by the &tigne of a mountain warfiue. To haTS
adopted, moreyer, any expedient by which battle
was to be avoided, was justly esteemed by fais
{loyal Highness as calcalated to dispirit the men
*— as likely to diminii^ that high confidence in
their snperiority to the King's troops, and on*
nerve them for that extravagant exertion ei oott*
rage, in whidi hithorto their i^aace of vietofy
seemed altogether to lie.

Besides the prudential oonsideratiimB iriiidh-de-
tormined his conduct, there was probably ttKothav
arising from his feelings, which, if not holdiBg a
primary place in his mental councils, may at Wast
be allowed to have seconded and confirmed ihem.
The victories hitherto achieved by his Highlaad*
ers, had been so astonishing in their nature, and
had been so umnterrupted by the least share of
bad success, that be began to join the nation at
iaige in believing nothing impossible to them. He
had seen Uiem already successful over a body of
troops as great as that of ihe Duke of Cumber^
land ; and, he was certainly justifiable in expeetmg
them to do again what they had done b^ore. He,
moreover, seems to have entertained a wiafaT—
more worthy perhaps of an ancient than a biodem
leader— to fight a battle with his enemies upon
what they would consider fair grounds, and where
they should not have it aftenwds to say that he
had been fitvoured by adventitious and eztraaeoM

iUxwniitMMWiH He was ambhiove of diafikyuig
tibe ei^»bilitie9 of his iidliereiitSy and petfaips l£
own tia»f in- a jjMtdied battle. Such an eiBOCkNi
wm noty we c4mkMy eonasleat with die duties of
Irae gen»abhip ; but it oa^t to be racolleeted,
that the campaign had hitherto been conducted
uj^/m principle* which set modem tactics at ddl*
alioe. The most ehiyakoiis of those knightly
kiagB from whom Charles drew his descent, had
mice given way to a similar impulse, and expiated
it with his life. ^ While we yield to James the
admiration natmrally excited by his romantic dis-
interestedness, let US not visit with too severe re-
psehensimi an Imreditary ardom* for glory in his
descendant. Better, Charles wonld think, and it
is not easy to condemn the sentiment, stake the
wkoie foitnne^ die enterprise upon one ftir and
faoBOQiable battle, with the chance of a inore bril^
liant triumph than any yet achieved, - than skolk
amy to esci^ immediate danger, and after all <fi6
unaoldieriy deaths in a prison of our own choos-

fa*.

There yet xemai&ed, however, before playing
liie great stake of a pitched battle, one chance of
sDccess, by the invgular mode of warfare to whidt
his army was accustomed ; and Charles, however^
aotnslted by the motives we speak of, had the good
sense to put it to trial. This was ft nigfat-attadc
upon the camp of ihe Duke of Cumberiand. He
rightly argued, that if his men could approach
without bdng discovered, and make a simultaneous
attack in mon^ than one place, the Royal Imn)^
dien probably either engaged in drmkii^ dnfir
commander 8 heahli, or sleeping off the eflnoti of
the debaufh^ must be otmipletely surprised and

78 PftBLIMINARIE« OF TriE

col ta pieces^ or atleaBt effeclwiHy Twrtw L 0a
die proposal being agitated among the diiefe- and
officere,' it was agreed to, without mueh demiu;
thoogh some coidd not help pmnttng out tAie eot^
:freine hazard of the attempt, and the evil eSstts
^hich mast* result from it in case of failure. • Hie
4«ne appointed for setting out npcm the marafav
was eight in \ the eTenmg, when daylight should
hav^. completely disappeared; and in the mean
time, great pains were taken to conceal the secret
irom the army. ^

This resolution was entered into at three in the
-afternoon, and orders were immediatdy giisen te
collect the men who had gone off in -search of pro-
Tisiotts. The officers dispersed thems^ves to In-
'vemess and other places, and beeeeched the atrag-
gleiB to repair to the mnir. Bat, vmder the iaiu-
•ence of hmiger, they told their commandMa- to
shoot them if they pleased, rather than oooipel
'them to starre any longer. When the tkne came,
•therefore, little more than half oi the army caald
be assembled. Charles had previonsly declared,

- with his characteristic ienrow, that though only a
.thousand of his men would accompany him, he

- would lead them on to the attack ; and he was
.not now intimidated, when he saw twice. that

Qjomber ready to assist in the enterprise ; though
some of his officers would wilting^ have ande
' this deficiency of troops an excuse lor abandoning
what they esteemed at beet a hazardous eipedi-
. tion. Haying given out, for watchword, the em-
. phatk phrase, King James the Eiffhth^ ^ he em-
braced Lord George Murray, wha was to cam-
maod the foremoet cokunn, and putting himself

BATTLC or CULIiOIIBir. T9

aft tkft ImwI oiP dnt wMeh foOonnddi gttf« the or*

Qpn to HMDcb* '

• rTh^ greftMt care kul been taken to conoeal.llio
oMoet of fUs ezpediikm fiwni the mass ^f Iha
army, lest,- hemg cmttmniiioated by them to ^
tooBtry people, it might readi ilie ears of tfe
eMinj. . fiat the Duke of Cumbeiiattd hmriogt
lake a pradent geiiera)> taken measnresy erer since
lie approached die Highlanders, to watoh their
aligfatest motions, was hy no means ignorant of
tkeir mardi towards his position, though he did
not apprehend a noctnmal attadc* He had oom«
nnaaioned varions ooontry peopk, and some of hb
own I£^^iland railiCia-men, to mingle tvith their
cokuans, and inform him from time to time ni the'
ptD g r ess they were making ; and, though he per*
aoitted his men to sleep, they were instracted to
hare their aims beside them. He did not sup*
^eee dmt the- inswrgento woukl be danl^ enough
ta Ml upon his camp ; bat he had taken measurea
to gi^e them battle in its Ticinity, ae soon as ever
Ibey shoidd demand it. .

• Among the instructions issued to the officers of
Charles's army, to be communicated in proper time
to ike troops, one was, tint no fireanus shoold be
aaed, but only sward, diik, and bayonet. ItwasaiBb
enjoined) that, on entering the camp, fjiey tdmald
knmediately set about cutting down or oyertuni*
kig die tents, and whererer a swelling er bulge
was obsenwd in the fallen canopy, << thm to strike
and push vigorously. " ' As the camp was only
nine mOes distant from their position, it was ex-
pected that they would reach it soon after mid«
n^ht, and thus have soffieient time to exeeote the
whole of tbrir poject before d^T-Hght.

VOL. XI* G 3

Ite MgM <tf Aa^ IMi of April liw
if Providence bad dengoed to ikvoor
piipMii. B«t iJAi diiwiiliiiiiij flo
IB one vMpect^ WW wifovtBiiftte m aBSthfli, in «o
te M it impeded thrir ipragnH. IMr iMrdi kf*
tttt in te jjniUiB RMid, whm tfanr — l io n mi w id
bape been m e«fly dMeeted^ b«t tbmagb wMte
and fieacBBUy w«t gron&d* eoBsidenMy; immovvd
Imtt bedivoadB and h a nBCB » and wbtro want «!
ttgfal waa peealiarly dindivntageaM. On ^diia
ftoDonnt their pfogcesa was verjr aloir, and ai«
tended witb mndi fadgofe; and, wUe manyaff
tbe tnen 4iN>|ipQd aaide ulloyibrr^ tbe i«ar cohnm
fcU i^nadendify bebmd tbe frant. LaMlGeaige
M«Tt»y» vexed at the riewiiiMiii of tbe —iiffb,
acnt repijifad leqMatSy eg ptaaao d in tbe tnosi mv
^anit WiWB» for the lear to join the van ; but tfae^
mem cilhcr dien^aided^ or eoidd not be encem e d.

it vma lapo in tbe manimg hn fa f e tbe bead e€
the im cefattn bad pasted KiifaivDek, or KilMdo^
an«QeieBn'XMde|u»ibree miles lioin.^ie DiiboW
camp ; and Lord George then baited snd eillad b
tonnoii d «flketB) ki wfaidi be dedaiM il ymfsuB"
■iUiB lor die nrity to reaxih die pomt «f «ltebvbtt-»
fof« dayU§^ idkoiild esp«ae d^en to -tfaea fc a dmn *
' t&an and ftre t>f die efaemy*.' Many offioeris Animif
Mmn waa -Mr Hepfanm of Keitb^ so renladiabie
lar <die laay in apttcb be joined Prince CSMviee ai
Helytoodbonae, i^oke viotemdy in imem of die
oiigmal-deeign ; even aaserdng that die Highland
bronda«rord wonld not be the wevae of a litde ddy^
lights to direct its operations* Bnt Lord Creotge,
vrith more prudence, insisted npon the evils wbtc^
niHlrefenlt to the whole army, and of conrse to
the general ctnae,, ahonld their agpeoaioh be eb^

mkf^^tApmttkn4 fe» aa ia al^ pvohrialil^ ti
Vainid; aad^iietaiag ft <trom baat iatba dUMaii
<naip^ 1m cTpnBDaad iMa QfaMridkMn Avt tha
lacro alaaa<^ aUmaad* . The m^fsatfoi tba
danuauiniig inti^fliitff ^i^itfl^if^n^iiam j he ImIc: It
vfon ha» re&f^ooaMiity a» gaaerat, te tarn, hack
tha nw% Charias being so far ia the rear that it
vvMiki ha^e aaqnirad amna tuna ta pnxaie hia
ardera. A» they wore vamttiaag badi, Cbariat^
apprised of. (ha taaahitioiL by hia aecratary, cnaa
f^opng «p» aad had the aeMctificatiai to find the
mtwajf fimn which ha «qnected so mxusk^ mhXL «<h
ticat» Ha 18 said, npoR rmy sligfat antiiaiity> §
to haiva ham ioaciniied in a highdagiaa ai Lavd
GaoK^e. It la asova prahaUe, tfaat^ if he gam waaf
to any aoapaoiiaans of ragret, he OMMt have heaa
IttiroaHkjtflAy - inade seaubla of the aeeeasity of iha

That the BMHwne waa indeed aaceaany, m ap^

poaitiMi tb those who aftanrasdi cfmtkmad to aa»

aait the coBtnry^ seana to be put bayvBd d ispsilo ^

by the oironnstaBoe, thai the day was Mly dawak*

edbeiHe the Higfahad amy had pn wo a dad teo

inttaa hi the samaty and that althinigh they nam

auHchad by the straigfatest aad best patha.

• Hw I%h]aBdeia retoniadt fatigved and iSmtam

adate» to tb«r fotnier paeitioDy aboat m mu olctadi

in the Bsoniiiig ; when they iaoMdiately addressed

thenMalvaa to aleep^ or went away m aaaitsh ei

pEiafisiows* So soMrce was food at thia critical

janatiue, ^at the Frinea hiinsetf, en retiriag t»

Cidlodan Havaey oonhl obtain no better vefiresh«

aoent than a little bread and wlusky. ' He fci^

the utaMMt anxiety regarding his men, among

wham the pangs of hrageB, npon bodies odianated

Bit PBUUUHABUM OV TiUE '

by fuign*, nrast hsre been woiUbi^ aftcte ihrn
niost ui^romisiiig to ^ waccem ; aod he gwre
Olden, before seeking any repose, that the i^wim
cenntry should now be mercUessly expiseeted for
llie meuM of refreshment* His orders wem soft
without effect. Coostderable supplies were prp*
cored, and sobjeded to colinary processes at In^
vemess; but the poor fiunished wretches Were
destined never to taste these proTuiens— the booK
of battle arriving before they were pi^ared.

The Moor of CuUoden stretches away so for tQ
Ae east, with so litUe irregnlarity and so few in*
cu^ibent objects, that its termination ^scapes tha
eyesight, and-the horizon in that direetion resam^
bias that of a shordess sea. It was about eleien
in the forenoon, when the HighUmd guards fot
obsenred the dim. level onthne of the plain to
blacken with the marching troops of the JOnke of
Cnmbedand; which seemed gradually, to rise »-
hove and occupy the horizon, like the dsrkasas of
a eoming. storm dawning in the nmriner's eye np-
OB the distant waters. Notice of thdr i^proach
being carried to the Prince, he instantly rose, and
desoeoded to put himself at the head of his troops.
As he was quitting the house, the steward made
«p to him, with information that a dinner, oinisist''
iiig of a roasted side of lamb and two fowl% waa
about to be laid upon the table. But he asked the
inanif.he iirould lutvehim to sit down toeal^ when
<he troops so immediately required his^presene^t
and, hungry though he must have been, hurried
out to the field. '<^ He there exerted himself to
ooUect hi& men from the various phhoes to which
they had straggled, ordering a cannon to be fired
%M a signal for their immedia^ assemUage. MaQr

Dtmaki ef'l^eppof^ and the MsAter of Lomt hftd
j^faiedlimt morning witfh theif men, to the grest
joy^ of the arm;^ ; and it tras in something Hke
good eplrits Aat they now prepared for hattle.

"Wien all had heen eoHected that seeitoed with-
in can, the Prince fonnd he had an army of ahottt
iftye thonsand men, and these in very poor condi-
^ott for fighting, to oppose to a force reputed
as Atimeroas ftgain, supported by superior horse
and artillery, and whose strength was unimpaired
etdier %y hunger Or fatigue. It seemed si^arcely
poaAble that he should OTereome a host in every
respect so much superior to his own ; tsad various
meajsttres were proposed to him by his officers;
for shunning battle in the mean time, and retiring
to some position where their peculiar mode ofwar?
ikre woukl avail against a regular army. But
Charles, f&r reasons already stated, insisted upoii
immediate battle ; pointing out ^at the gross of
the army seemed in the highest degree anxious to
comne to blows, and that they would probably fWH
oGPin ardonr^-^perhaps altogether disperse — if the
present opportunity were not seized.

Active preparations Were now, therefore, made
for that desperate and Important conflict, upoil
which ^ issue of this smgular national contest
was finally to depend. The insnrgents were drawn
up by SulHvan (at. once their adjutant and quar-
ter-master-geneml) in two lines ; the right protect
ted by the ttirf-enclosures around a rude farm-
stead, and their left extending towards a sort of
morass in the direction of Culloden House.. Th^
front litae consisted of the following clan regiments*,
reckoned from right to left :— Athole, Cameron^

at'

j^ppiB, FnuMT, Maelntonb, MtuoLmMsStim
JLetin (foraung one), John Roy Stoart, FttP^pihar:
mmi Claniaiirid, Kepppch, Glengary. Theseooiid,
for ^ich it was with difficolty that enoiigfa of
nen were foimdy comprised the Low Cooatiy taoA
foreign r^mentSy according to the following wder;
—-Lord Ogiine, Lord Lewk Gordon, Glenbncket,
fhe Duke of Perth, the Irish, the French. Foof
pieces of cannon were placed fl(t each extitoi^ ol
the front, and as many in the xentre. Lord
George Mwray comannded the right wing, Lon}
^ohn Drunimoiid the left, Genegral StapklM the
second line- Cfiarles himself stood, with a anafi
Ibody of goards, upon a alight eminenoe m the

While the insugent anny laboiured imder eveq^
kind of disadvantage, and were actaateJl by an*
{raises of the most distiacnngand harassing nature^
fhat of the Dnke of Cumberland moyed with all
the deliberation and secwity proper to a saperiof
and more confident force. They had stn^ thei^
tents at five in the morning, when, the coounan-
ders of the Tarious regiments havipg recetyed their
iaatmctions in writtng, the general orders of the
day were read at the head of every company ia
the line. These bore, in allusion to the mirfiehavir
<Nir of Falkirk, that^if any persons intrusted witl^
the care of the train or baggage absconded or lef^
their charge, they should be pumsbed with im^
tnediate and certain death, and that it any office^
or soldier &iled in his duty during the action, he
ahould be sentenced* Another and more inqpor*
tant order was then given to the army. The an-
periority of the broadsword over the bayionfl^ a^
XVesUm and Falkirk had given riaa to mndi dis-

CT»i<nii MHOQg imKtaiy moi; aiid» dwiag iIm
M^EMier^ the t^agfamea and oew«{Mipen had teemad
irith ptojectB and hypothaoeis, by which it wm
pr<^Mii0d to put the wespqun of tbie regular troofa
^p<m a par with thoQe of the iitfiirgeiits. It waa
i^eaeryed for the Duke of Cnipherlapd effectnaUy
$o ohiriate the sn^^oeed superiority of the clayr
pnore a|id taiget. He had peroei^ed that the
-greateat dagger which th^ regular troops ran in a
change with the Highlanders, arose from the dc-
comsteiiei?) that the liatt^ received his antagoiiiati'f
point in his,taiget» swayed it aside), and then had
lihe defenceless hody of the soldier completely exf
poee^ to his own wespon. The Duke conceiredy
that if ea(^ inap, on Qomipg within the proper
distance of the enemy, should direct hia thrust^
Mt at the man directly opposite to him, hut against
the one who fronted his f^ht-hand comrade, the
target wofild he rendered ipseless, and the High?
^nder woiiaded in the i%ht sid^ under the swcnrd*
arm, ere he co^ld ward og the thrust. Accord-
ingly, he had instructed the men during the sprjUig
in tins new exercise. When they had taken. ^»eir
laomiBg meal, they were marched fn'wvrd from -
the camp ; an^anged in three parallel divisions of .
four regiments each, headed hy Huske, SempiQ,
imd Mcvdaunt ; having a coluzan of artillery and
haggage upon one hand, and a fifth of horse i}pea
the oAer*

After a march of eight miles, through gromid
which appeared to the English soldiers very hoggy
and diffioilt, ^ey came within sight of the insur-
graits, who were posted about a mile and a half in
advance* The Duke then commanded his lines
$0 form ; liaiving toanwd that the HigUwidiir

M BRlLMiaiARlBS 0f TM

MMnsi iodinM to uniai^ 4m amck. Silo* iJTk^f
im ite benig MeeitidBed that no motkm was percept^
iUs in tke Highlaiid anny, he ordened the liAes tob^
f«tlot«d to th^ form of cohimns, aitd to proceed ia
ihdb: march. Calliiig out, at the safne tkoe to
know if any man in the army was acquainted wilft
the ground, he commanded tb^ iai^vidiial wbo
pKsented himself, to go aiittle way in advance^,
along with some officer of rank, to conduct thd
amy, aad espedally the aitiUery, oret the o afefc t
patha. When he had got withm a niile of th«
miAmy, he ordered the army once more and finally
«• be fonneMn battle-army*

The Royal Army was disposed in three linea ;
tli0 First containing from left to r^ht, the regi^
«ients of Barrel (now the 44h), and M nmw (&e
STOi) the Seots rusil^n (the 2l8t), Price's (the
14th, Cholmondley^s (the S4th), and lAie Si^ts
Royab (the 1st), nnd^ the command of the Earl
Albemarle ; the Second, in the sune order, WoHe's
(the 8th), Sempill's (the 2mi\ Bligh's (the Wfh);
ligenier's (the 48th), mdf Flemmgs (the 9dth)
iDonmanded by General Huske ; the Third, Blak-
oney's (the «7th), Battereau's, * * I\i1tetiey*8 (the
18th)) and Howard*s (the 8d), led by Brigadier
Mordattnt. Th^ centres of all the regiments of
Ike Second Line being behind the terminations
«f those of die ¥im^ and those of the Third Dbe
occupying a similar position in regard to the Se*
oond, the various bodies of which the army con-
risted were iti a manner indented into each otherl
Betwixt evtfry two regiments of the First Line wert
plaeed two cannon. The Left Flank wtii protect-
•sd hy Kerr's Dragoons (the 1 1th), under Colonel
I-owl. Aocrmm ; the Right by a bdg ; and Cobham's

BAA^VLB OF OOLLOPBM. 9T

BiEagooii% (the lOib) stood in two detMbmenti
beside the Third Line. The Ai^leHighlwden'^
^^oarded the baggage.

The dispoBition thus made was allowed by the
best military men of the period to have been altor
gether admirable; because it was impossible for
the Highlanders to break one regiment without
finding two ready to supply its place. The ar? ,
niQgement of the insurgent army was also allowed
to be Tory good, upon a supposition that they were
to be attacked*

Duke William, £dU of anxiety for the erent of
the day, took the opporttmity affmided by the
batef to make a^hort speech to his soldiers. The
ienor of his hanioguey which has been preserred
in. the note-book <^ an English officer, shows, in
the most unequivocal manner, how apprehensive
bia Royal Hig^ess was regarding the bebaviowr
of bis troops. Without directly adverting to Frestoa
or Falkirl^ but evidently having those disgracefal
events in hi9 eye, he implored them to be firm and
cpttected'«^4o dismiss all remembrance of former
laJlures from their minds-— to consider the great
pbject for which they were here, no less than to
aave the libertdes of their country, and the rights
of their master. Having read a letter to them»
which he said he had foimd upon the person of a
fitvagi^er, and in which sentiments of the most
Imcident. nature were breathed against the Eng-
lish soldiery, he represented to them, that, in their
present circumstances, with marshy ways behind
theiQ, and surrounded by an enemy's country, their
best, indeed their only chance of personal safety^
by in hard €ghting. He was grieved, he said, to
mke the suppositioo, that there cpukl be » p^fr

mm rJtmtbmi to igU n itm Biitish annf. B^

tf there were any here who would prefer to retin^
wh^lier from disinclination to the canae, or Iw
oanse tliey Bad relatione in tlie rebel anaijrr he
begged then in. the name of God to do so, as be
W«uld rather face the Hischlaadei'a with eae ih««»
eand determiiied mea at - \m bock, than bare lea
tboi»and with a tythe who were Inkewamw Catch*
ing enthnsiasm from the langui^ of the arcieat
yooAg soldiery and sbevlhig ** Flanders! Fbndeisr
the men found their courage screwed to the pro*
per point, dn^ impotiaatly deedrod to be led for-
ward to batti^.

It was suggested to the Doka at thk jimcttwt^
that he should permit the ipen to dlney aa it was
now neariy one o'clock, thea the aaaat Sime for
^at meal, and as they weuld not probaUy have
iaother opportunity of satusfyii^ tlieir hanger for
aereral houn. Bat he decidedly rejeded tbe fira*
posal. *" The mea,'' he said, <« wSi %bi bettor
and more actirehr with empty bellies ; and, moie*
over, it would be a bed omen. Yea Femember
what ft dessert they got to their diaaor at FaUdrk.*

Tbe army now marched forward in complete
battle-array, their fixe4 bayonets gfittenag in tbs
eun, their coloura flying, and tbe soand of a bn»>
dred drums rolling forward in defiaaee of the in-
eargents. Lord Kilmarnock is said to bare ie»
marked, on se^ag the army approach, that be lek
a presentiment cl defeat, irtm the cmd, orderl;^
determined manner in which l^iey marched* When
within six hundred yards of the Higldand Unea^
they found the ground so maiehy ae to take aiost-
of tbe regiments up te the ankles in water ; and
ibe artillery horses thea sinking in a bog, ssins

BATTLE or CULLODEK. . 80

0f ^^ flolAevB diiB^ their c^nJblnef > and draggacl
the carriages on to tibeir proper posttiofi. Smt
after, iskt hog was fouud to termiiiate vponx the
rtghly BO aa to kalrv tfaat^ flank vncarBred ; which
heing perceived by the aU-^vigilaiit Duke, he or*
dered I^dHsnej's regiment to take its place beside
the iScots Royals, and a body of horse to covet
the whole wing in the same manner witli the leiL
The army fiaaily halted at the distance of five
hvndred paces from the Highlanders.

The day, whidi had hitherto been fakr and
iunny, was now partially overcast, and a shower
af snowy rain began to beat with considerable
violence from <lie north-east. The Highlanders,
who had found ^e weather so favourable to them
at Fafknrk, were some\ii4iat disconcerted on £nd^
ing it against them at Culloden ; and ^e spirits of
^e legnlerB were proportiondly raised by the dr«*
CBBistance. Charles saw md f^t the dlsadifanw
tage, and naade some atteihpts, by mamvatrhog, td
get to wbidward of the Koyal army ; hat Daka
Wifiiam, equally vigilant, contrived to conntera^
ail his SKKvements ; so thitt, after imlF an hour
spent in mutual endeavours to outflank each other^
^ t#o arniieb ait last occupied nearly Iheir adgi-
au gfoimd.

Whilst ^eae vain manoBurres were going oay
aa incident took place, which serves to show the
caaked heroism and devoted 4oyalty of the High**
landinrB. A poor moantaineer, under whose rag-^
ged exterior a haughty Southron would have
deemed -lHat nothing but the meanest sentimenia
eotold dwell, resolving to sacrifice his life for the
good of his Prince and clan, approached the Bnea
of tke £fi^ish» demanded quarts, and was aeftt

90 PRBUMtVARtKS Of THE

to the rear. As he Icmnged backwards ami fbr-
wards through the lines, apparently Tory indifiw-
ent to what was going oh, and eren paying no at-
tention to the ridicule uritfa whidi the soldfers
greeted his unconth appearance, Lord Biay, son of
tiie Earl of Albemarle, and aid-dn-camp to the
Duke, happened to pass in the discharge of his
duties, when all at once the Highlander seized
one of the soldiers' nraskets, and discharged it at
that officer ; receiving, next moment, with perfect
mdifierence, and as a matter of course, the shot
with which another soldier immediately terminated
bis own existence. He had intended to shoot the
Duke of Cumberland, but fired prematurely, and
without effect, at an inferior officer whose gaudy
apparel seemed, in his simple eyes, to indicate the
highest rank. The incident somewhat resembles
one which occurred at the battle of Baimocklmm ;
where Henry de Bohun attempted to slay King
Robert Bruce. But the daring of the English knight
was not equal to that of the Highlander ; his dianoa
of sncoess having been great, and of his escape still
greater, while the Highlander was, in either event,
certain of destruction.

There is an interesting historical print, *' , in
which the beginning, middle, and end of ^ battb
of Culfoden are simultaneously represented, and
which therefore conveys a remarkably distinct idea
of the whole scene. This draught is calculated to
be of material service in pourtraying the varions
successive events of the action, and also in ien-
abling a writer to give a picturesque idea of the
ground, and of the positions and appearance of tfao
armies. The spectator is supposed to stand wi^
in the enclosures so ofteQ meatioiiedi and to look

tmUbsmaA idoag.lfc& Uim9 towsurd* CidlodeiiL Home
9pd> the Mon^ Firth. In the fore gronndy rather for
tbe Bake of gi^vag a portrait of the hero of the day»
than becauBe thia was his position, the artist has re-
fveaenied itm Duke mi h<»Behacky with a walking-
cane extended in his hand, a star upon the breast
of his long gold-laced coat, and his large good-
httmoured hettul, Mrith its dose curls and tri-cocked
bat, inclined towfurds an aid-da^camp, to whom hfi
19 giving orders. The long compact lines of die
British ^regiments, eadi three men deep, extend
along the plain, with narrow intervals between ;
the two flags of each regiment rising from the oen-
Ire ; the officers standing at the extremities . with
their spontoons in theii* hands; and. the dnirajnem
a'little in advance, beating the proper points of
Wfur. The men have aU tri-cocked hats, long coats
resembling the modern surtont,. sash-belts from
which a sword depends, and long white gaitan
batfoned up the sides. The characteir of the whdle
4re8S is one of voluminous suffieiem^ strongly
contrasting, with the trim and concise outline i^
the present military costume, which has almost re-
duced a soklier to the primitive '^ forked animal "
of King I^ar. The dragoons exhibit, if possible,
8^1 nyore cumbrous superfluity of aittire; their
long loose skirts flying behind Uiem as they ride,
whil3t their vast trunk square-toed boots, their pro-
digious stirrup-leathers, their huge holster-pistols
and carabines, give altogether an idea of dignity
and strength, fully as much in contrast with the
light fantastic hu2zar uniforms of modem times. ^ ^
The Highlanders, on the other hand, stand in
Bnea equally compact, and, like the regular regi-

. VOL. II. H

ft Pn^TIf iVARltr 09 1MB

flMMB, «Mb three HMn deep. 'Fbe atSif ^ceidBP'
riiy m tlieir.dr<»8, which is so well k&ewn as te
requite no getneral description, seems to be, that
the pbibiheg, or ki!t, is fMiHed through betirixt die
legd, in stfch a Way as fo tibaftr n^te of the front
ef the thigh than is exhibited by the modem spe^
cimens of that ^ peculiar garment. They haytf
^^suskets orer their left shouTd^rs, basket-hSteA
b roads wr(wdi by their left sides, ptiltok stuck intfl^
^leir girdleii, and a smid! pouch hanging dowtt
ihpon the right loin, {perhaps fdr h^il^g their am* '
aivemition. By the right side of every piece of
ordnance, there is a cylindrical piece of wicker-
irork, for the protections of the artiQeryntfen, aH of
whOHi appear to Weiar Mits like the rest.

The ground uf»ott which the armies stand, ut
the plain swelling moor aheady described, 01:1^ of
which Cdflodev House raises its erect fonh, with*
out ally of the pfahtations' which now surround it^
The spferes of Inverness are seen upon life left^
doflie i& th^ sea<-shore. Upon &e Moray Ffrthi
#hich iftretchM aldng the Imck grolind of the pic-
tttfe, the' vitetildling ships ridi^ at anchor, like wit^
ne^Efeidof liie dreadful scene ab6ut to en^ue ; and
the magnificent hilki of Ross raise their lofty fomtt
lift ^e renloter distance, as if also taking an inte-
rest in the impending fete of the day.
- Such ^ere the aspect and circuiMtaneea of the
two^ aniAfies> upon whose condvect, duritog the next
Kttle hbnr, the eternal ifttere^ts c^ Britain nigh6
hi soMe mieasure b^ considered to depend. The
hopes and feiu^ of boi^ parties may be supposed
fo have been, oiV sitoh an oceasion, truly agitating
^— q^ite' «af much so, in^feed, as if eiich iikdi'ridm
had staked his own life and fortune upon ^e issuer

Tlie soldieiy on both^sides, aware of the dan^iery
us well as (fiBhonour, which would attend a de-
feat, and deriving confidence from the merits of
their respective causes, must haxe been wrought up
to a pitch of the highest resolution-*it may al-
most be said, of desperation. Never, perhaps, was
there a battle commenced before, with so high a
stake depending upon its issue, and in which a
greater stm^le was therefore to be expected.

M BATTi^s ot evthonmt.

CHAPTER VI.

BATTLE OF CULLODEN.

l^'air lady, mourn the memory

Of all our Scottish fame ;
Fair lady, mourn the memory

Even of the Scottish name !
How proud were we of our young Princtf^

And of his native sway !
But all our hopes are past and gone

Upon Culioden day.

There was no lack of bravery there,

No spare of blood or breath :
For, one to two, our foes vre^darec^

For freedom or for death. '
The bitterness of grief is past^

Of terror and dismay —
The die was risk*d and foully cast

Upon CuUoden day.

JacobUe Song.

The action was commenced by the Highlandera,
who fired their cannon for a few minutes without
being answered by the Royal Artillery. They had
brou^t them to bear upon a point where, by means
of glasses, they thought they could pei<ceive the
I>nk6. But the shot went clear over the ^heads
of the King 8 troops^ and for a long time did do

BATTLE or CULLODEH. . 95

nther nisehief than canying off a leg from one of
ftyth^B regiment.

A few minntes after one o'clock, soon after the
II^;hbuider9 had opened np their hattery, Colonel
Belford got ordera to commence a cannonade,
chiefly vith a view to provoke the enemy to ad-
'vance. The Colonel, who was an excellent en-
gineer, performed his~dttty with snch effect, as to
make whole lanes through the ranks of the insur-
gents, besides tearing np the groapd at their feet,
and stripping the roofs of the neighbooring cot-
tages, in a manner almost as terrific He also
fired two pieces at a* body of horse amongst whom
it was believed the Prince was stationed; and
with such precision did h,e take his aim; that that
personage was bespattered with dirt raised by the
Mb, and a man holding a led horse by his side
was killed.

Meanwhile, the Duke rode about, calling upon

ys men to be firm in their ranks — ^to permit the

Highhmders to mingle with them — to let them

jEmI the force of the bayonet — to ** make them

know what men they had to do With. He alsq

ordered Wolfe's regiment to form en potence at

&e extremity of the left wing — ^tjhat is, to take a

position perpendicular to the gei^eral line, so as to

be ready to Hftll in upon and enclose the High-

Imdera, as soon as they should attack that division

ef his army. He also ordered two reeiments of

the rear line, or reserve, to advance to the second.

Fioally, he himself took his pdsitioa between the

first and second lines, opppsite to the centre of

Howard's regiment, and of coure^ a little nearer

the left than the right wing.

Q6 &ATTLB OV CULLODlir*

Prince Charles, before die eamme^eamaU ol

the battle, had rode along the lines of his Utdo
ennyy endeavouring, by the animation of his ges-
tures, countenance, and language, to exfsite thtt
Highlanders to their highest pitch of courage. Tliey
answered him with, cheers, and with many an ex«,
pression of devotion, whidi he could only underr
stand by the look with which it was uttered. H«
then again retired to the eminence which he Wh-
ginally occupied, and prepared wiith an anxioiis
inind to await the fortune of the day.

The great object of both parties at the battle oC
CuUoden seems to have been, which should ioire»
the other to leave its position and mal^e the attack*
Charles for a long time expected that the Duke
would do this, because he was fs^voured willn tka
wind and weather. But the Duke, fining- hi»
cannon rapidly thinning the Highland rsmks, witk*
out experiencing any loss in return, had no ooca-
sion whatever to make such a motion; and ite
therefore became incumbent upon Charles to taka
that course himself.

The victory of Preston, where the HigUandeni
felt little or no annoyance from cannon, had don%
away with a great deal of the fear in which th^-
originally held these engines of, destruction ; and
it seems to have been a capital error on Charles *•
part, to have restrained them, on the present oo^
casion, to a position, where that terror got foU
reason and leisure to return. He ought tohave^
on the contrary, rushed up, at the very fir^t^ to
the lines of his enemy, and endeavoured to si)enM^
their artillery, as he had done i^t Preston, by a
<x>up de main* Had he done so, a ^^'eat number

of lives mi^t Uy^ been saved, and Sia latacfc

' tm"* -^ -d

BATTLS Oir CTJLLOOEir. $7

would hanne been nade with Ihies less broken, and
ai ffMie fmiftmB and simtdtaaeoas impalae.

It was not ti}l the cannonade had conttn«ed
tteady half ab hoar, and the HighUmdera had seen
iB«ny of thear kindred stretched npon the heaih,
that Charles at la^t gaire way to the necessity of
<»rd^ring a chai^ The aidnia-canip tntmsled to
carry his message to the Lientenant-geaeraL-^a
youth of the name of MacLauchkn — was killed
4»y a ^nnon-ball before he reached the first line ;
but the general sentiment of the army, as reported
to Lord George Murray, snppHed the want ; and
timf genehd todk it open him to order an attadi,
without CharleB 8 permission having bemi commu'

Lord George had scarcely determined upcn or-
a general morement, when the MacIntoshea»
bvare and devoted dan, though nerer before
engaged in actton, '—unable any longer to brook
the unavi^iged slaughter made by the camMm,
broke from ihe centre of the line, and rushed for-
ward through smoke and snow to mingle with the
enemy. The Atholemen, Camerons, Stuarts, Fra-
een, and MacLeans, then also went on. Lord
George Murray heading than with that rash bra-
very for- which he was so remarkable^ Thus, in
the course of one or two minutes, the charge was
general along the whole line ; except at t£e left
extremity, where t^ MaeDonalds, dusatisfied with
their position, hesitated to engage.

It was the emphatic custon of the Highlanders^
before an onset, to scrag their bonnets — that is, to
puU their little blue caps down over dieir brows,
aoBs to ensure them agamst falling off in the
omiiigjiMtf^ Ner^r, periups, was th» motaoa

9S BATTE.B 0F CUL£OD«ir,

petformed witli so nrach emphasis as mi ihti pre*
sent occasion, when eveiy man's forehead honied
Vkh the desire to rerenge some dear friend who
had fidlen a victim to ihe murderous artillery. A
Lowknd genUeman, who was in the line, and
who smrived till a kite period, used aiwmysy, in re-
lating the.erents of CuUoden, to comment, with a
feeling of sometiikig tike awe, upon ^e terrific aadi
more than natural expression of rage,' which glow«
ed on every face and gleamed in every eye, as he
aurveyed the extended line at this asoment. It
was an exhibition of mighty and all-engros8iiig^
passi<m, never to be forgotten by the beholder.

The action and event of the oipset WM^e, tiunmigh-
out, quite as dreadful as the mental emotion whidk
urged it. Notwithstanding that the three files of
|he firont line of English poured forth theh* ineea-
aaat fire of musketry— notwithstanding that the
cannon, now loaded with gmpenihot, swept llie
Md as with a hail-storm— notwithstanding the
Hank fire of Wolfe'e regiment, — onward, onward
went the heading Highlanders, flinging themselfM
into, rather thaii rushing upon the lines ef the
enemy,' which, indeed^ they did not see for
smoke till involved among their weapons. AH
that courage — all that despair could do-— wad
done. They did not fight like living or reasoning
creatures, but like machines under the influence if
some incontrollable principle of action* Tlie howl
of the advance-— the scream of the onset — tlie
ibunders of the musketry and the din of the
trumpets and drums --^confounded one sense;
while the flash of the firearms, and the glitter of
the brandished broadswords, daazled and bewilder-
ed another. It wi|s a iqoment of dreadful and a-

BATTLB or euLLODnc. M

^tftttssing sQflpense-^bnt only a moment; lor the
n^iiriwind does not reap the forest wttb greater
rapidity thaH the Highlanders cleared the line.
They swept through and oyer that frail barrier^
Iklmost as easily and instantaneovsly as the bound*
ing cavalcade brashes through the morning laboiirs
ti the gossamer whi^h stretch across its path*
Not, howerer, with the same nnconscionsness of
the event. Almost every man in their front rank,
chief and gentleman, fell before llie deadly wea*
pons which tfiey had braved ; and althovgh the
enemy gave way, it was not tilt every bayonet waa
bent and bloody with the strife.

When the first line had been completely swept
aside, the tissldlants continued their impetnous ad-'
vtttce titi they came near the second, when, be-
ing almost annihilated by a profnse and well*
dii^cted fire, the shattered remains of what' had
Keen blit an hour before a nameroos and confident
force, at Ihst sobmitted to destiny, by giving itay*
end fiying. Still a few rnshed on, resolved rather
to die than thns forfeit their well-acquired and
dearly estimated honour. Tliey rnshed on-o-bnC
not a man ever came in contact with the enemy.
The last survivor perished aa he reached the
points of the bayonets.

The perseverisg and desperate valour displayed
by the Highlanders on Ais occasion, is proved by
the circumstance that, at one part of the plain,
wh^re a very vigorous attack had been tnade^
tiieir bodies were afterwards found m layers three
mid four deep ; so many, it would appear, having
In succession mounted over a prostrate friend, to
share in the same inevitable fate. The rianglvter
wm partaeidariy great among the brav^ Mac&i*

100 BATTLB Of €OtftXmWlf^

tothes ; itwomiuji, that the heroic laAf wbo
tiiBm to the field, afterwards told, the parly by
which she was takmi prisoner, that oaly three of
her officers had escaped.

While the rest of. the dans were perforvning
this glorious though fatal charge, the MacDonakis,
as ah^eady stated, withheld themselres on acoeuat
el their removal to the left wing. According to
the report of one of their officers, ' the dan not
only resented this indignity, but considered it as
•mening evil fortune to the day ; their dan never
hvnstg fought elsewh^e than on the right wing,
since die auspicious battle pf BannocklMirn. The
Pnke of Perth, who was stationed amongst them^
endeavounid to appease their anger by teUiog
them,. that, if they fought with their characteristio
biityery, they would maka the left wing a right,
in whidi case he would assume for ever alter the
hononmhle surname of MacDonaM* But the in-
suit was not to be expiated by this appeal to ifaa
apirit of daaship. Though induced to disdiarga
their muskets, and even to advance a good way,
they, nerer .made an onset. They endured the
^ of the Bullish regiments without ffiaching ;
only expressing theii? r^ge by hewing np the heather
with their swords ; but they at last fled when they
saw the other dans give way. Out of the whole
three regiments, only one man is commemorated
as having displayed conduct worthy of die gallant
name which he bore. This was the Chieftain of
Keppodi, a man of chivalrous character, and noted
for great private worth. When the rest of his
dan retreated, Keppoch advanced, with a pistd
in one hand and a drawn-sword in the other, le-
aolM apparently to sacrifiea his life to die of-

fipiiSed%gM«i of Mb nataaft. He IUkI gol b«l s lit
lie way from hk regimenly when a nrdsket-shot
brought him to the ground. A clansman of
more than ordinary de^otedness, who followed
kka, imd with tears and prayers conjored him not
to throw hb life away, raised hhn with the <^eei^
iiig assurance that his wound was not mortal, and
ibat he might still quit the field with Hfew Kep^
foeh desired his faithful follower to take^ care of
himself, and, again rushing forward, received anoh*
ther shot, and fell to rise no more.

When the whole front Une of Charles s host had

be^ft thus mpulsied, theie only remained to hkn

the hope that his Lowfamd and Foreign troops^

«pon whom the wreck of the dans had fallen

backy might yet make head against the EngKsfal

ntfantry ; and he eagerly sought to p«t himself

at their head, ii order to midce one last despe*.

late effort at success. But, though a troop of

the Irish piqenets, by a spirited fire, checked th^

ffBotemt which a boidy of dragoons ednnmeaced

after ibe MabDoonUs, and one of Lord Lewitr

Gordon's regiments did similar service in regardi

to anbih«r troop whi^ now began to break

thuHUjjh the indosures On the right, * the whoki

body gave way Bt once^ on observing the EngfiBfar

xegiments adivancing to duiige them. Their

hearts were broken, with despair rather than'

wiilh termor ; and they ooald only reply to his ani*

mating vEclaniaiioite, ** Prince-«^ocboB I ochon T' ^

—the gaculation by which Highlanders expresa

the Intterset grief. As they said this they fled p.

nor could all his entreaties, nor those of bis oifr-.

eers, prevail upon then^ to stand.

It WW indeed a eomplste route. The moiai<i>'

102 BATTl^B OV GCVLOpnn^

tainaen hid done mil tfiat their aystem of waifai g
taught them, and ail that their natuial Btreii|2;tb
had eoabled them to p^orm ; they, had found thk
▼ain ; and all that then remained was to withdranr.
Charles saw the condition of his troops with the
despair of a mined gamester. He could scarcely
be persnaded that God had siruek him with sa
severe an infliction. He lingered on the fields in
the fond hope that all was not yet lost. He ewen
BSOTed to charge the enemy, as if . his own single
person could hare amied against so big a dea^
tiny. Confounded^ bewildered,, and in tean, it
required the utmost efforts of his attendants Up
make him forego his once splendid h<^)es hy a re-
treat ; and he at lart only left the field when U>
have remained would have hut added his own de«
fltniction to that of the many brare men who had
already spilt their heart's blood in his caase. ^

The pursuit of the Royal forces did not imnw^
diately follow the retreat of the insaigents. After
the latter had withdrawn their shattered strength^
the English regiments, upon many of which tbef
had produced a dreadful impresskm, were ordered
to resume the ground where they had stood, and
to dsess their ranks. The dragoon regimeKts,
with which the Duke had calculated, to enclose
the charging Highlanders as in a trap» were
diecked, as already stated, by the flanks of the
Princes second line; and they had altogedier
been so severely handled by the insurgwiits, that
it was some time ere they recovered, breadi or
^Murage suffident to commence or sustain a gene*
ral pursuit.

The English dragoons at length did break for*
wardy and join, as intei^ded; in the ceatie of the

Aeldf , so as to make, a vigorotis and united charge
tipon the rear of the fugitives, Charles's army
then broke into two great bodies of unequal mag-
nitude ; one of which took the open road for In*
remess, while the other turned off towards the
6onth-woBt, crossed the water of Nairn, and found
fefuge among the hifls.

The fate of the first of these divisions was the
itnost disastrous, their route admitting of the ea-
siest pursuit. It lay along an open moor, which
the light horse of the enemy could bound over
with the utmost speed. A dreadful slaughter took
place ; invoMng many of the inhabitants of Inver-
ness, whf had approached the battle-ground from
Curiosity, and whose dress subjected them to the
lindiscriminating vengeance of the soldiery. Some
6f the Rrench, who had the sense to fly first, reaclv-
^ Inverness in safety ; but scarcely any who wore
the Highland dress escaped with their lives. A
broad pavement of carnage marked four out of the
§te miles intervening betwixt the battle-field and
ibat cif y ; the last of the stain being found at a
phice called Millbufn, about a mile from the ex-
tremity of the subul^. ^

' It 18 remarkable as charactei^tic of the High-
landers, that in their retreat some of them display-
ed a degree of coolness and bravery, ^ which
Would hare done credit to the best army in an ad-
vance* The right wing retreated, as already stated,
Idmost without any annoyance. In their way to
ci'osi the rirer Nairn, they met a large party of
English dragoons which had been despatched to in«
tercept them. Such was the desperate fury of
Aeir appearance, that the troopers opened dieir

vol.. II. I

ranks in respectful silence, to permit tbem to
Only one man attempted to annoy the wsetcbed
fugitives. He was an officer, and dearly did bs
pay for his cruel temerity. Advancing to seize a
Highlander, the man cut him down with <Mie blow
of his claymore. Not content with this, tlie sar
vage stooped down^ and, with liie greatest delibe-
ration, possessed hvnself of his victim's gold watch.
He then joined the retreat, whilst the commandec
of the puty could only look on in silence^ asto-
nished at the coolness of the mountaineer, if no(
secretly applauding him for so brave a deed. ^

Another Highlander signalized himself in a still
more remarkable manner. He was a man of pro^
digious bodily strength ; his name Golice Mac^
bane. When all his companions bad fled, Galic%
singled out and wounded^ set his back against a
wall, and, with his target and claymore, bora
singly the 4^n8Bt of a party of dragoons. Pushed
to desperation, he made resistless strokes at his
enemies, who crowded and encumbered themselvea
to have efich the glory of slaying hiop. **' Save
that brave fellow," was the unregarded cry of
some officers. Poor Maobane was cut to fMeceSy
though aot till thictaan of bis an^miea lay dead a-
round him. ^ ^

Wben Charles, retreated, it ^as with such {>ni-
cipitati<m, that his bonnet and wig flew off hm
bead before he cleared the battle-ground. Tha |hk
nike being fortunately entangled in falling by some
part of his horse's ^mitnre, he easily reoavaned
it ; but his bonnet refiched the ground, aod mnr
necessarily left behind. A Highland seei' ^ ^ would
liave (^een, in this loss of his gold-eacicded and
coronet-like* head-piece, an ominous emblem of jkhe

»X¥tL« or ClTLMDSir. Mir-

dei^iatiire of tlie crown from him and has fmnHy.
He happened fortunately to retreat along with the
light wing, and reached the hilfe in safety.

The battle of CuHoden is said to have lasted
little more than forty minates, most of which brief
space of time was spent in distant firing, and very
little in the active struggle. It was as complete a
▼ictory as possible on the part- of the Royal army,
but a still more disastrous defeat on that of the
Highlanders. Less praise is due, however, to the
tictors than to the vanquished. Their force and
condition for fighting was so superior, their artiU
Jery did so much fo their liands, and the pkm of the
battle was so much in their favour, that to have
lost the day would have argued a degree of mishe-^
haviour utterly inconceivable of any soldiery, while
to gain was only the natural result of incidental
circumstances. Great praise was awarded after-
wards by the voice of fame to BarrelFs, Monro's^
and some other regiments, for their fortitude in
bearing the attack of the Highlanders, and for
their killing so many ; but these battalions were in
reality completely beat aside, and the whole front
line fiiiaken so much, that, had the IVJacDonald
regiments made a/sinraltaneous charge along witli
the other clans, the day might have had a difierent
iMue. Such was the opinion of the Chevalier
Johnstone, whose experience in warfare must have
enabled him to judge correctly. But the drcum-
atanoes altogether go to prove, that, at this period,
^e fortune of the day was very doubtful, and that
indeed the tide of courage, which had hitherto sus-
tained the hearts of the Duke's soldiers, was just
beginning to torn and ebb, when the Highlandera
veUeved them by retreating. They had, it will be

\M BATTLB or CUtLODBV.'

Qbseired, swept orer axid destroyed a gceat par*.
tioa of Ujb first line ; their friends behind had done
muc^ to obviate the trap-stratagem of the endo*
sares; and, above all, when the clans retired
from the stjraggle, some time was spent before the
victors became saffieieatly confident of their suc-
cess to commence a pursuit. Had not much been
done to appal the Poke— t>had not the Highlanders
performed such prodigies of valour as to make
them be feared even in flight^-Jiad it not, indeed,
been a question in the minds of the British sol*
di^y, whether they had really won a batde after
what they had seen and felt — ^^e chase would hava
been more instantaneous and energetic> and lb|
^jght ^ss ciasy 8^4 sficpxCf

COlCliBQCTKCES, ftc." 107

CHAPTER VII.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE BATTLE OF CULLODIM,

, - *

The target Is torn from the •rms of die just.

The helmet is cleft on the brow of the hratey
The claymore for ever in darkness must rust,

JBut red is the sword of the stranger and slave;
The hoof of the hoTse, and the foot of the proud.

Have trod o'ler the plutnes On the bonnet of blue :
Why ilepc tbeied bok in-tbe breaat of the cloudy

When tyfanny reveled in blood of the true ?
Farewell, my young hero, the gallant and good !

The crown of thy fathers is tohi from thy brow.

Jacobite Song*.

TttE rery cmelty wtiich the victort etetcised after
they were certain oF their good fortune, is a pt-oof
that they did not achieve their victory Without
great pains ; as bad temper is the dure result of a
difficult argument. Not coiitent with the slaugli-
ter they had made by means of their muskets and
bayonets, they unsheathed their swords after the
action, and, with the gestures of savages, i*an loose
over the field, cutting down all who exhibited any
symptoms of life, and even taking a malignant
pleasure in inflicting fresh stabs upon the bosoms
Of the «iain. ^ Tliey did this as much in sport a^

106 COmiEQUfiMCES OV THE^

fai nge ; and it is said that, at last, they sought v
Brasement by splashing one another with the her-
nd liquid which overflowed the field. AcoM'diog
$^ the report of one of themselFes, ^ they finally
^* looked like so many hutch^ra, rather than an ar**
nay of Christian soldiers. "

It was afterwards attempted to palliate this
dreadful scene, by foigiilg an order with the signa*
Cure of Lord Geof-ge Murray, to the efiect that no
(quarter was to be given to the King's troops.
Though such had reidly been the case, would 4t
have excused a butchery which took place before
it was discovered ? '

The true cause of the crudity so mudi com-
plained erf on this disastrous occasion, and wMch
has so effectually tarnished the renown of the
Duke cf Cumb^landy is to be found in the several
defeats which the wietcHis had belbre sustaimed
irom the Highlandei^s, of which the last was not
the least. Whep they at length ^verpowei*ed an
enemy from whom they had experienced so much
annoyance, they did not well know how to use
their good fortune, but, in the he^t of the. mo*
ment, went to the extreipe of cruelty, as the mea-
sure at o^c^ epnsisteiit with their o^n .desire of
vengeance, and best calciilated to serve ihe pur-
poses of Qoyen^ment. The tetter which the Duke
read to then) before liie hattle, breathing such
cruel threats against them, in bracing their nerves
to the attack, must have also whetted their apper
tite for the carnage. A great deal, moreover, i»
to be attributed tp the contempt in which th^
poor mountaineers were held by their soi-disanf
f4viliaed oountrynienu The En^ish actually looker

•«d upon tbem as beasts in huinaH shaperi-4|eaBtB»
with the additional disqualification of being i mmm
pestilent and dasgerous than most of the hruto
creation. The simple honoar» the generous deyo«
tion» the poetical langnage and manners of the un-
happy clansmen, were totally unknown tOy or at
least unappreciated by the dissolute and inconsi-
derate soldiery ; who, in stabbing their stiU lividg
but unresis^g bodies, probably felt no more com-
pnnction, than if they had. been only trampling
upon so many noxious Fermin, which it was neces-
sary to annihilate utterly, lest they Bhouki stiU^
liave the power of stinging.

It is a trite remark, but one which applies well
to the present case, that civil contests are ever at*
tended with circumstances of greater violence and
cruelty than any other species of warfiBre. In the
, battle of Culloden, such was the virulence of both
parties, that no quarter was given or taken on
either side. It was but natural for the Highland-
ers to fight with desperation, and rather to die
than he taken ; for the &te.with which the Carlisle
prisonerB were menaced, assored them that they
bad no mercy to expect from Government. But
the same excuse does not hold with the regular
forces, who must have been aware that the insnr*
gents had all along been as kind as circumstances
would permit to their prisoners, and in general al-
lowed them to go at large upon parole. The
King's troops ought therefore to have treated the
Highlanders with less rigour than what the High-
landers could be expected to show to' the King s
troops. The reverse was the case.

llie barbarities which followed the victory of
CnUodea, when the fervour of battle must have

110 CONSEQUfeKCES OF XHE

be^n eooled, and the victors completely ifaiatdred
«f iiBbMving no farther annoywice from the ^em3r;
#ere such as to be scarcely credible by the' pre*
flent age ; and the writer who now nndeitakes to
display them in their real colours, may pei^ps
kiciir the charge of exaggeration or prejudice.
Neither this imputatioti, however, nor any senti-
iaent of delicacy shall be allowed here to stiffle
1^ statements which so many former historians
have, for these or for worse reasons, withheld.

The most obvious charge of barbarity which cat!
he brought against the Duke of Cumberland, in re-
ference to this period of the campaign, is; that he
did n<H take the pains which is usually tkken by
▼ietoril in civilized war&re, of attending to the
#onnded of the enemy in common with those of
his oy^ ainiy. Charles, who, notwithstancMng all
the attem}]^tB which have been made to show tihti

Sas a riioiiBter^ cannot be denied t6 hkve uitod
victories wilJi moderation and humanity; hild
aU albng treated the wbnnded of his prfstmeris witft
Ab mobt Atildous imd considerate kindness ; even
iniliiberkig himself, at variotis periods of the qiiil*
ptigOy in <k'der to provide fbr their comfort. fi0
with ^e Duke of Cumberland, whose opportuni-
^es of displaying humanity werlb so much better,
the case was very different. Not only did he per-
mit the bloody scene already described, where the
Urotuided insui^ents were indiscriminately itaassa-
cred, but he actually took a personal interest in
the completion of the dreadful work. Soon af-
ter the battle, he was riding over the field, accom-
panied by Colonel Wolfe, the future hero of Que-
bec, when he observed a wounded Highlander sit
up on his elbow, and look at him with what ap-

peared to his eyes a smile of defiance. '^ Wolfe, **
he cried, ^' shoot me that Highland scoundrel, who
thus dares to look on us with so insolent a stare. "
— ^ My commission, ** said the geoUe and excel-
lent Wolfe, ^* is at your Royal Highness's dispo-
sal ; but I can never consent to become an execu-
tioner. " The Highlander, in all probability, was
>6oon despatched by some less scrupulous hand %
hut it was remarked that, from that day, the re-
cusant officer declined visibly in the fiavoor and
confidence of his commander. ^

It is a fact equally authentic with the preced-
ing, that, on the day after the action, when it was
discoF€ured that some of the wounded had surviv-
ed .both the weapons of >the enemy and the dread-
ful rains which fell in ^ interval, he sent out de-
tachments from Inverness, to put these unfortu-
nates out of pain. The savage executioners of
his barbarous commands, perf<Nined their duty
with awful accuracy and deliberation ; carrying all
they could find to different pieces of nsing ground
throughout the field, where, having first ranged
them in due order, they despatched them by shot
of musketry.* On the following day (Friday),
4>ther parties were sent out to search the houses
/of the neighbouring peasantry, in which, it was
understood, many of the mutilated Highlanders
had taken refuge. They found eo great 'a num-
ber as almost to render the of&ce revolting to its
/bearers ; but, with the exception of a few who re-
ceived mercy at the hands of the officers, all were
conscientiously murdered. An unconcerned eyer
witness afterwards reported to the writer just
(Quoted, that on thb day he saw no fewer than
myj&^t^-pwo individqals *< killed in cold blood ! ''

112 C0W8EQITBWCBS( Oi THff

Dreadful, however," as this scene must hai^e Beenv
h was surpassed in fiendish wickedness by a sort
of supererogatory cruelty which was acted by the
soldiers in the course of their other operations.
At a little distance from the field of battle, there
was a wretched hut, used for sheltering sheep in
stormy weather, into which a considerable niun-
ber of the wounded had crawled. The soldierv,
on discovering them, actually proceeded to secure
the door and set the house m flames ; so that af!
within perished, including many persons who were
merely engaged in attending the wounded. In
ihe rubbish of this habitation, between thirty and
forty scorched and smothered bodies were found
by the country people, after the monsters had de-
parted from the scene of their ravages.

But by far the most horrible instance of cmelty
^hich occurred in the course of these unhappy
^mes, was one which took place in the immediate
Ticinity of Culloden House. Nineteen wounded
officers of the Highland army had been carried;
fanmediately after the battle, from a wood in whlcll
they had found their first shelter, to the court-
yard of that residence, where they remained two
days in the open air, with their wounds undressed,
and only receiving such acts of kindness from th^
steward of the house, as that official chose to ren-
der at the risk of his own life. Upon the third
day, when the search was made throughout the
neighbouring cottages, three miserable men wer6
seized by the ruthless soldiers, tied with ropes,
tossed into a cart, and taken out to the side of k
park wall, where, being ranged up in order, they
were commanded to prepare for immediate death.
Such as retained the use of their limbs, or whos^

fipintB, formerly ao darings coi:dd not susUoa ihejpt
tbrough this trymg scene^ fell upon their knees,
Bpdy with piteous cries and many invocations tp
heaven, implored mercy. But they petitioned in
y^un. Before they had been ranged up for the
«pace of a single minute- — before they could utter
one biief pmyer to heaven, the j^atoon, which
stood at the distance of only two or three yards,
received orders to fire. Almost every individual
in the unhappy company fell prostrate upon the
ground, and expired instantly. But, to mdke aura
W4N:k, tbe men were ordered to club their mus-,
kets, , «aid dash out the brains of all who seemed
to show any symptoms of life. This order waa
obeyed UteraJi^,^ One individual alone survived— ^
a gentleman of the clan Fraser. He bad received
91 ball, but yet showed the appearance of life. The
butt of a soldier s musket was accordingly applied
to his bead to despatch him ; nevertheless, though
his noee and cheek were dashed in, an^ one of his.
^es dashed out, he did not expire. He lay for.
^me time in a state of agony not to be described,
when Loi:d Boyd, son of the Earl of Kilmarnock,,
h^jpening to pass, perceived his .body .move, ^d
<Hrde]^d livfjOL to be conveyed to a secmre ,pU^.
where be recovered in the Course of three months.
The unfortunate man lived many years afterwards,
to tell the dreadful tale ; and,the writer quoted ia
the waigin ^ appears to have Qerived his informa-
tion fi'om this excellent source.

The Duke of Cumberland h^ been characteris-
ed by his friend Earl Walde^aye, as one whose
judgment would have been equal to Lds parts, had
it not been too much guided by bis passions, which
wei« often viokat a^d ungovernable. The cruel-

1I4 COKSEQUENCes OF Ttit

ties, however, which distinguished his Scrotlm
campaign, rather argue the cool malignant fiend
than the violent man of anger. His 'courage was
Aat of the buU-dog ; but he had not the generosi«
• ty of that animal, to turn away from his Tietim
when it could no longer oppose him. After fairly
overthrowing his antagonist, his savager disp06itiott
demanded that he should throttle, and gore, and
excruciate it, as a revenge for the trdtxble to which
it had put him in the combat. He had that per^
severing and insatiable appetite for prey, that, not
contented with sucking the blood ftnd devouring
the flesh of his victims, he couM ^njoy himself in
mumbling the bones ; and even when- these were
exhausted of sap and taste, be would gnash on for
sport, and was only to be finally withdrawn finonr
the horrid feast, wheli putridity had rendered it
disgusting to his senses;

The number of Hi^landers shan tkpon tbe fiehf
of Culloden was never well ascertained; bnt ilr
could not be much less than a thousand, that ijs, «
fifth of their army. The dreadful list comprised
many important men ; for in this, as in all the for^
mer battles, the chiefs and gentlemen, as the best
armed, and to show an example of bravery, went
Ibremoi^t into the strife, and were of course most
exposed. Out of the five regiments which chained
llie English — ^the Comerons, ^ Stuarts, Frazers^
Macintoshes, and IVtacLeans — alm)mt aH the lead^
era and front-rank-men were killed. MacLauck-
hn, colonel of l^e regiment last-mentioned, which
included a body of tibat nanne, was killed in the^
onset. His fientenantrColonel> MacLean of Drim*
min, who then assumed the command, was bring- ,
ing off hi9 shattered forces, when he observed two

^f his soii% who h«l fought b^ hk aide, aeverriy^
wounded, and heard that a third had been left
dead on the field. Exclaiming, ** It shall not be
tor nought, " this biuve old gentleman, without
either bonnet or wig, rushed back into the fight^
attacked two dragoons, killed one and wounded
another, hut was at last cut down by other threes
who came up to the assistance of tb»ir comradet^
MacGillivrajF of Drumnaglass, colonel of the Mac-
intosh Regiment, was killed in the attack, with
ihe Ueutenant^colonel, the major, and all the other
officers of the regiipent^ with the exception, as al«
ready stated, of three. Charles Eraser, younger
of Inveraladiie, who was lieutenant-colonel of the
Fraser Regiment, and commanded it on this oca^
eion, ' was also killed. Seventeen officers and
gentlemen of the Appin Regiment were slain, and
ten wounded ; but Stuart of Ardshiel, who com*
jaanded it, escaped ; as did Lochiel, the chief and
leader of the Camerons. No distinguished peri-
mm» fell among the Lowland regiments, 6scep(
the Viscount Strathallan. ^

The field of Culloden yet bears witness to the
4sanuge of which it was the scene. In the midst of
its black and blasted heath, Tsrions little eminences
era to be seen, displaying a liToly verdure but too
unequivocally expressive of the dreadful tale.
These ere so distinct and well defined, that the
eye may almost, by their means, trace the ^osi*
tiona of the armies, or at least discover where the
fight was most warmly contested. The way to-
wards Inverness, otherwise an unimproved second-
ary road, is fringed with many such doleful me-
morials of the deAd ; and there the daisy and blue

VOL. II. K 4

116 COHSSQliSHCES OF THE

bell of Scotland have selected their abode, as if
resolved to sentinel for erer the last resting-place
of their country's heroes. Modem curiosity has,
in some cases, violated these sanctuaries, for the
p^irpose of procuring some relic of the ill-ikted .
WBRiors, to show as a wonder in the halls of the
Sassenach ; and the Grael, with nobler sentiineiiC,
have been till lately, in the habit of pilgiimis-
ing to the spot, in order to translate *the bones of
their friends to consecrated ground, afiur in their
own dear glens of the west. But enough, and more
than enough, yet remains, to show where Scotland
fought her last battle, and the latest examples of
her ancient chivalry fell to feed the eagle and re*
deem the desart.

As already stated, the English dragoons pur-
sued the chase till within a mile of Inverness.
The Duke, leaving his infantry to dine upon the
battle-ground, ' soon after marched forward to
take possession of the town. As he proceeded, a
drummer came out with a letter from General
Stapleton, soliciting quarter from his Royal High-
ness, in the name of himself and the French and
Irish regiments under his chaige. The Dofce
commanded an officer — Sir Joseph Yorke — to alig^
from his horse, and with his pencil, write a note
to the General, assuring him of (air quarter and
honourable treatment. He then sent forward
Captain Campbell of Sempill's regiment, with his
company of grenadiers, to take possession of the
town.

As the Duke entered Inverness, he learnt that

* the people were abput to honour him by ringing

their bells. But he commanded them to deaist,

upon pain of his' displeasure. The first thing he

BATTLB OF CULLODBN. 117

didy WW to ask for the keys of the Tolbooth, in.
which the English prisoners were confined. These
being with some difficulty procured and brought
to him, he went immediately to the prison, and,
re]ease<i the men. As fhey descended the stairs,
he patted them oa the back with an expression of
kindness ; and he immediately ordered them new
clothesy food, and payment of their arrears, of all
which they stood in the greatest need.
. Several of the Jacobite ladies, who had attend-
ed their husbands during the campaign with so
much fortitude, were found and made prisonera at
Inverness. It is reported in one of the vulgar
party productions of the time, that they had just
drunk tea, and Were preparing for a ball, at which
the Prince and his officers were to be entertained, •
after his. expected victory, when tbe entrance of
the fu^tives informed them of the fatal reverse,
their friends had met with.' The Dukes soldiers
found a considerable quantity of provision, which
had been preparing for the poor Highlanders.

As at Holyrood-house, Falkirk, and various o-
ther places, the Duke took up his lo^ngs in the
same house, the same room, and the same bed,
wbidi his precursor Charles had just vacated. It.
may be safely conjectured, that Lady Drummuir,
whose daughter, Lady Macintosh, had here acted,
as llie presiding divinity of Charles's household for
two months before, would by no means relish the
presence of her new tenant, but that he, on the
contrary, would be esteemed as little better than
a fornery ^° where his predecessor had been, a wel-
come and honoured guest. How the venerable
gentlewoman endured \aa presence, or in what
manner she entertained him, has not been record-

ilB CONSEQUBMCBS OF THE

ed ; but the comment which she afterwards pass-
ed npon this eventfol period in the history t>f her
hoasehold, is still a tradition in her family. " IVe
faa'en twa kings' bairns living wi' me, in my time,**^
she Qsed to say ; ** and, to tell yon the tmtby /
^wish I may never hde another, " "

The Royal army marched in the evening to In-
verness, and there formed a camp. One of the
Dake*s first duties at head-qnarters was, to select
from the prisoners those who had deserted from
the Royal army, to subject them to a brief military
trial, and then to consign them to the death of
traitors. No fewer than thirty-six suffered thi»
punishment, including a fellow named Dunbar, who
was found dressed in a suit of laced clothes he bad
taken from Major Lockhart at the battle of FaK*
Idrk, and who, on that account, was exposed up*
on the gibbet for forty-eight hours. '• This melan-
dioly Int is said to have also included a youthful-
cadet of the noble femily of Forbes, whose zeal in
behalf of the House of Stuart, overcoming Us-
tense of the military oath, had caused him to de-
sert an English regiment, in which he was a cadet,
for the purpose of joining Charles's standard. The
death of this unfortunate person was attended by
a circumstance, which, though horrible in the last
degree, deserves to b*e recorded, as evincing the
state of moral and political feeling in the British
army of that time. While poor FoAes was yet
suspended upon the gibbet, an English officer, un-
able to restrain his virtuous indignation at the de-
linquency of the culprit, and the better perhiqM to
diow the loyal horror in which he held this ^ un-
natural rebellion," ran up to the scarce inanimate
cerpse, and stabbed it with his sword ; exclaiming>

i^memmmmma

BATTLE OF CULLODEN. 110

at the sstme time^ with an oath as profane as the
act was inhuman, that ^^ all his countrymen were
traitors and rebels like himself ! " A Scottish of-
ficer, who happened to be near the spot, immedi-
ately drew. his sword, to revenge the insult thus
thrown upon his country ;' and, a combat instantly
commencing, all the other oiEcers who knew tho
cause of the quarrel, joined in taking sides ac-
cording to their respective countries. The sol-
diers, at the same time, of their own accord, beat
to arms, and joined the ranks assumed by their
respective officers. The Duke of Cumberland,
learning how matters stood, hurried to the place^
and andved just as the two contending parties were
about to make a general charge. His presence,
of course, quelled the disturbance ; but it was not
till he had used considerable eloquence in soothing
the injured feelings of the Scots, that they with-
drew from a conflict to which they had been eo
ungenerously provoked.

The Duke employed the few days immediately
following the battle in securing and disposing of
the spoil, which was very considerable. He had
taken thirty pieces of cannon, ^wo thousand three
hundred and twenty firelpcks, a hundred and nine-
ty broadswords, ihirty-seven ban*els of powder,
and twenty-two caits of ammunition. The sol-
diers were allowed half a crown for every musket,
and a shilling for every broadsword, which they
could bring into quaiters; it being the anxious
wish of Government to keep as many arms aa
possible out of the hands of the natives. In
order, moreover, to put a great public indignity
upon the honour of the insurgents, the sum of six-"

K 2

120 COKSXQUXVCBS ^F TBI

teen guiiieaB was dlowed for escb stand of ihA
colours ; and» fonrteeii of these melancholy mo-
'hlems of departed gloiy heing tfans procnredy diey
were, on the fonrth of Jonoy earned by a proces-
sion of chimney-sweeps from the Castle to tlM
Cross of Edinbnrghy and there bnmt hy the baAds
of the common hangman, with many snitahle madoi
'of contempt.

The rictory of CnUoden was, indeed, very cheap*
ly acquired by the Briti^ army. The whole a*
moont of killed, wounded, and missing, was ikite
Irandred and ten, including few officers wad but
«ne man of any distinction. This last was Lord
Robert Kerr, second son of the Marquis of Lothian,
« captain of grenadiers in Barrels Regiment, n
young man remarkable for his handsome person
and great promise. Standing at the head of hip
company, when the Highlanders made the chargei
he received the first man upon his spontoen, hue
was instantly slain with many woun^. Although
Ihe victory was mainly attributable to the cannon
and musketry, some portions of the Royal army
behaved with a degree of courage highly honoar-
able to them. Tl^re was scarcely an officer or
Soldier in Barrers Regiment, and that part of Mon-
ro's which was engaged, who did not kill one or two
Highlandei-s with his spontoon or bayonet, before-
giving way to their irresistible violence. It can-
not be mentioned with the same degree of applause,
that some of Kingston's drago<ms were knowil to
have each cut down ten or twelve fugitives in the
pursuit.

The intelligence of the battle of Cnlloden, so
important in its nature and results, produced di^
ferent effects upon- the public mind, according to

ftATn.B or GVLLOvnv. 121

tke tefttim^nts •f those by wbmn it wm hetfd.
The Jaeobites reeeired it as a total oreitfarow to
tiieir fond and long eheriehed fiopes ; while it ex«
cited in the paitisans of Gk^vernnent, a tntnspert
of joy, too orerpowering' to admit of a thoogfrt
upon the mise^ in whieh it involT^d so m«ny of
ilieir eounrtrymen. The news reaching Edinburgh
daring the nigbt between Saturday and Svnday,
-and being announced to the ears of the shunber-
'ing inhabitants by disc^mf es of cannen, many of
'the unhappy Jacobites were found next morning
'Stretched upon their couches in a state of inseno-
litfity. Some of the aneient genfleworoen whose
duly prayers for fifty years had in^uded th^ reflh-
'toration of the Stuarts, and whose wishes had l^een
wound up during the progress of the* kisumeetion
to a state bordering upon insanfity, ni^er after-
'wards rose from the beds upon which the afflict-
ing intelKgence had found l^em, but continued, so
long as they Hved, shrouded from the light of day,
'vmI inaccessible to cmrsolation. The misery of
those who bad friends^ Or kinsmen, or lovers, con^
cemed in the dreadful events was far more poig-
nant; distracted as they were betwfact the feat
*Aat they were shdn, or what was still more dread-
fol, that they survived as captives. - To add t6
their grief, the loyal part of the commutiity aiird
the zealous Presbyterians, now trtumphaiit in theiir
^tum, took every opportunity of laeerating thefir
"leelings; They even dared not inquire regarding
the fate of those most dear to them, from the dread
of persecution to themselves, or pi'oscription — ^per-
4iaps death to the iU^tarred objects- of their- affec-
tion.

H-appeamfrom the- wetl^afifeeted newspapers

128 CONSBQUSNCCS OF THB

of die timet that there were public rejoicii^
fer the victory, both ia the capital and most of the
borf^ of Scotland* Even io- the reu^ote and ae-
qaeetered town of Wigton, where the news was
only reeeired a week after, there was a very loyal
bonfirei and a zealous church and state ringing of
bells, together with a most cordial drinking of
strong ale at the cross, in bcmonr of the auspicious
and never-enoHgh«'to«be-congEatulated occasion.
Addresses there were, moreover, devoting as inack
life and fortune to the service of Government, as,
if produced six months before, would have been
anoogh, and more than enough, to'suppress twenty
such rebellions*

The Batis£Bu^tion which the King and the mem-
bers <tf Govemmrait felt in the " glorious event,"
though esEpressed with as much coolness as might
be» was nevertheless excessively great. The de-
feat of Preston had roused them like a very rattling
peal of thunder, and they had lived for the last
tax or eight months in a state of the utmost agi-
tation and aoxiety* On the morning that the
news reached London, Mr Pelham, the first Lord
of the Treasury, was met by a Foifarshire Mem-
Jber of Parliament, exhibiting every mark of ex-
cessive joy. '< His Majesty's arms, " cried the
minister, /' have been blessed with a complete vic-
tory over the Rebels a.t a place^ called Cullodean;"
accenting the last syllable. *' I'm very sorry to
hear you say so, " was the Scotsman's reply,

** How ! Mr , do you say this to me ^ '*

** Yes, Mr Pelham, " was the Caledonian's cool
reply. ^ It maunna be true— there's no sic a
place in a' Scotland. " ^ »

The estimation in wliich they held the Duke's

BATTL£ OP CULLODBll. ]2S

victory, was in some measure prove<I by the way'
they took to reward it. Hn ineeme hiMi hitlierta
been fifteen thoiiaand « year, paid o«t of the ei-
^1 list ; but tbe Honae of €onnoiis now TOted'
him an addition of twenty-fire thomand, to arise-
out of the duties and roTennes composing the Ag«
gregate Fond.

Without detracting from the merits of the Dnke<
of Cnmberland, as a geVieral, it is impossible
to contemplate, withont some degree of disgnst,'
llie fnlsome adulation which was now ponred
out upon him by all persons in authority. He^
himself^ notwithstanding the emotions of va**
mtff iBTwt have worn his extravagant hononra'
with something like loathing; for it is said, that,^
when afterwards loaded with public odium on
account of his rendition of the British army at
Closteraeven, he bitterly remarked, that he had
formerly got praise where he did not deserve it,
and now was blamed where he was not guilty.
Such is ever the caprice of the public in regard
to its servants, invariably deified if successful, and
condemned without a hearing if unfortunate.

FVom all that can be gathered in the fugitive
publications of the time, Duke William received
fully as much public gratitude for ridding Britain
of tbe poor Chevalier, as the great General of mo-
dem times received for overthrowing the mighty
Usurper of the Continent. He was thanked by
all the 'public bodies in the kingdom, from the
Houses of Parliament down to the General As«
sembly. He had twenty-five thousand a year ad-
ded to his income ; and, lest that should ever fail
him, be got the privilege of citizenship from al«

124 COKSiaUBNCES, &C

moat all the burghs in the kingdom of Scottend.
Pieces of dress were also called alier him, and his
bluff visage was .blazoned over innumerable pab-
lic-houses. Sermons were preached, orations
made, and poems written in his praise ; and he
was universally hailed as the Heroic Deliverer of
Britain. Perhaps the most ludicrous circum-
stance that arose from the spirit of the time, was,
that the foundation-stone of the Duke of Argyle's
house at Inverary, the laying of which had been
postponed on account of the troubles, was now at
last deposited, with the grateful inscription, in-
tended no doubt for the instruction of the remot-
est posterity, — ^* Gnliclmus, Cumbriae Dux, no-
bis haec otia fecit !" '^

FIHAL, Sm% 125

CHAPTER VIIL

f INAL.BUPFASBSIOtf OF THB INftURRSCTION.

Whilst the warm blood bedeWs my yeins^
And unimpaired remembrance reigns,
Resentmefit of my country's fate
Within my filwl breast shall beat ;
Andy spiie of her insulting foe>
My sympathi^og versus shall flow ;
Mourn, hapless Caledonia, mourn,
Thy banished peace^ thy laurels torn !

In the memtiniey while the victorioiu party was
enjoying the piaase, and the humour, and all the
other good thmga with -vdiieh the world 10 so iqpt
to load the proaperofu man, Chariea's hapless ad*
herents retrod, like the stricken deer, nnpitied by
the unhm; memben of the herd, to monm in die
desart over their perished hopes and gloomy
prospeets. The flight was chiefly duected to the
weatem parts of Inveniesaoshire, the natiTe coun-
try of most of the insurgent clans; where the
war had taken its earliest rise, and where it was
destined to be finally quenched. This region is
one of the most wild and inhospitable chaaracter,
being little else than a tract of stupendous moun-
taia% intersected by narrow vaUeys^ lakes, and

JSB riKA</'s.iiprass8ioK

arms of the sea. To add to the distreaa of die
fagitives, it had been in a great measiiie exhaust-
ed of provisions for some time before ibe battle ;
nor were its boundaries of such a nature as to
permit the possibility of supplies from wi^out
There now, therefore, seemed nothing wanting to
complete the destruction of the inauigentSy but
that their retreat should be enclosed within a cir-
cle of soldiers, which^ gradoally narrowii^, ae«
cording to an ancient hunting practice, might at
last concentrate them for one eaey and deciabre
blow.

The ftite of those who -perished in the fight
was preferable by far to that of the survivcwB—
doomed as they were to erery apeeiiOi o£ priva-
tion, agonized by the bitterest of refieelioiia, and
every day suffering, in the fear of death* more
pain than the parting pang itself could have occa-
sioned. The misery of the wounded was pecu-
liarly great, thoi^h perhaps of shorter enduranoe.
Many were-afterwards found dead ammg^ha hitti^
a4 the distaaceof toQ, filleen,.and even twienty mtke
from the field of battle ; * havmg apparently <dcag^
ged dieir mutilated bodies ao far 4)o«vatds thmt
hoitnes, over hill and dale, in tiie h^e of fmvmr*
ing felief, but expired of fannger and pain leng
betee Teachings the object of their jnakachofy
jattmey.

Among ail the instaaees of miaery wfakdi M^
kiwed tkm dwSmt oi Cnllflden, perhape iione was
so truly grott as that of Cfaarks tionaelt wha now
entered upon a life of hazard and wratchednfa^
the detaifo of which ase hardly <»«diblew wLskl
ftt laat forced off the field, he fied with a iM^a
pwty of hora^ comprinag his chief c«mc|tkini

99 TBm^tnwnBMCTtov. I2f

9mi fiM^ Hit V9tMit wfis protected hf the
fcHily who fled .behind him. Having crossed the
Naim al the f<M?d of Falie, atMmt fanr milea from
tbe battle«gro«ad, he held a hurried cooocil, al
«hieh it wae determined that the men should ren*
deasvoos at Ruthren in Badenoch, and there await
hie ovdetsy while he should in the mean time make
a GiFCut through the country. Heito also he ii
said to have sent c^ various gentlemen i^ his
partf upon d^erent routes, in order to (ystract
the enemy in case of a pursuit. Broceeding to*
wards Gortuleg, the seat of a gentleman of the
Fnwer dan, and wh«re he understood that Lord
Xjovat was now residing, he reached that place
about suBs^ along with Sheridan, SuUivan, O'Neali
Secretary Hay^ and a few others whom he had
eboeen to retain about his person.

A gkrl who was then residing at Gortu1eg> and
who afiarwards lived to a good old age» used to
deocribe the unf^cpei^d appearance of Charles
and hie^ flying att^dants^ The wild and desolate
vale «B whidi she h^>pened togaae at the time
With inddii^t com^oemi^e, was at once so siidd^y
fiUed vijik honemeiOi riding furiously towards the
bpoae^ thal» impreMed with the belief that the^
were fairies, who» aeoorduig to the code of High**
land fnpe««titWBy wece omy visiUe between one
twinkle oi theeydidand another, she strove to
n^uin liumthe vibmtion wfaidb she believed wmld
oceanoA'the stfnoge and magnificent apparition
%0k ^msamt inviaible. * To Lord Lovat» who had
staked so much upon the ChevaUer's suocessi
it bfougfat a eertaiD^ mwe dreadful than the
pnaeiiee el ftiiies or even demons ; tailing him of

^VM« II* I*

prdseriptton, de«di, md tiie Ttin of Mi homm arid
name. As Charles, whom he had never befem
seen, .entered the door, the old man is said t& hten
quite forgot the dnty he owed to hts prince^ aad
to have gone distractedly abont, ealKng upon ihom
who were present to chop off his head, ov otl«f^
wise anticipate the miserable fikte to wiAeli he a«r
himself destined. Charles endearonred «o ivsil
him to his senses, by many cheering expreaaions;
saying, among other things, that ^< they bad had
two days of the £lector*8 troops, and be did nat
doubt to have yet a third. ^ Lovat was at kingtii
somewhat appeased, and began to enter intd seri-
ous conversation with the fagitives, during wbidi
the Prince's next motions were amply' dtscnsaed.
It was generally agreed that Gortnleg wtm too
near the position of the King's troops to be a safe
retreat; and Charies, therefore, having ehaaged
hk dress, ' set out that night at ten o'cloek §ai
Invergary, the seat of M neDonefi of Oi^gary.

Charles and his little party were eeen, «l twa
O^clock in the morning, riding rapidly past lk»
ruins of Fort Augustus ; and they arrived at in«
vergary about two hours befete dayhveak. His
todent seat, which, now a blackened and'ft«-
scathed ruin, stands upon ^e bank of one of the
lochs forming ike Caledonitoi Cami, was, cm the
j^resefnt occadon, deserted of its tenants^ and in a
^ndition very ill calculated to support the hospi-
table character of a Highlaad mansion. Deatilate
at once of furniture and provisions, and atteaaded
by only a single domestic, however easily a paiiy
of natives might have aecomnMidated thetiiefeives
within its walls, ft was partidileily mftt to enlerr
tain a prince and an dJkn* This was thi &ai^ day

qI Chmiun^ ymnifitm^ii and hs prmdooa btil
t0o trniy omened dHMe of the succeeding £ve
•iMmtbe.

The Prince and his party were so much fati-
9«0d with thefir nde» whicli was one of little less
iimk forty milesy that they gladly stretched them*
talvea upon the floor in their dodies. They slept
liU mid-day^ nhmk Edward Budke» eenrant to
Alexander. MacLeod^ having fortunately caught
tmo aaknon in the waler of Gary, they had a bet*
tav dinner than they* expected^ though the only
dnak ihey could procure was the pure element
Smmp. which their meat had been taken. All the
company hare took leave of Charles, except SullL-
Tftm, O'Neal^ and Edward Burke, who was left to
bo the.Prinoie a gucide, and whose clothes his Royal
i£i^iBeaa now aaaiimed^ This .small party set out
at tiro o'clock for Loch Arkaig, where they ar-
med, about nine at night, ai^l lodged in the house
of BiopaM Cameron of Glenpean. Charles waa
■01 emeemhf^y fatigued, that be fell asleep as Ed-
ward Bucke was unbuttoning his spatterdashes.
K^t taankingf Friday the 18th, they held their
voKte ataU iurAer westward, to Mewboil, a small
vi&ige near the extremity of LoolneFs country,
where th^ .were well entertained. A consider-
able part of the following day was spent in wait-
ing for inteUifpanco oi their friends, which not ar-
rmag, they At last.set out, for fear of being dis-
e»veiod and takeiu There beii^ no longer any
raad, they were here obliged to abandon their
bofses, and begin to walk on foot. They crossed
over a sange of lofty mountains, and eame in the
MRHiing t#.a phice. called Oba% near the head o£
Loch IM^prar, one of the numeroi^ arp9 of the sea

wbich penetrate die west oomI. HeM dMif teak

up their lodging in a wietcbed tit^ shtemtff er
hovel, used for shearing sheep, near the comer el
a wood.

Next day, Sunday tiie 30th of April, Cimrleir
and hb three attendants crossed, wi^ incoiiceiv*
able pain and difficuUy, aiiother of those raiigcn of
lofty and rugged hills, which, ahenately wi& tfao
lochs or arms of the sea, penstfttte the oountey m
regularly at this .part of- the West NigUaidi.'
Their lodging^place, this etemm^i was at Olea*
boisdale^ in Arasatg, a small Tillage neaf the ^ku»
where Charles had first landed. Here se^etal
fugitives joined the dejected little party.

After the route of the army at CuUoden> ^Ihi
clans chiefly sought their own gleasj or cowiiriefi
as they were called, where they bad prdperty and
relations to be protected ; while the fopsign •tso^Nf:
surrendered as prisoners of war- to liie D«ke at
Inverness, and the Lowlanders ei^r remiesvousfc'
ed at Badenoch, or wandered far add- wide ov«r
the Highlands. ^ Thus the aittiy was wmpX^tmkf
broken up ; and there lemaiaed -no hope, in> th»
estimation of men of sense, that it would ev«r'
again unite in sudb force as sttecessfully tonalM^
head against the enemy. The Piinee^ under thlv
conviction, de^atched a message to the Badenoeii'
party, within two days after the battle, thaaidag
them for their zeal in his seniee, but deabnig
them to do what they bought was best for their
own preservation, till a more ftivo«nraible opporla*
nity for action presented itseli The pany» wiueii
amounted to Uttle aliove a thousand men, aeeoid«*
i>«gly dispersed ; and there ww not l^^n, aay'

or 1*HB IirStTBRBCTIOK. tBl

where^ tliroe faaa^hvdmmi toge^er in arms ftgaimt

i The Prince received, at Glenbokdale, a mee^
aa^'from Lord Geoi^ Mnrray, entreating that
he wonld not leave the country, as Lord Georg&
had heard, ^t he intended. ChmranaM, who
here joined the party, along* with Mr Lockhart,
yonager of Camwatb, Mr iBneas MacDonald the
ianber^ and some oilierB, offered to fit up a few
ai M p m m' riieelings in Tarkms parts af hia emtntry^
Car. has aoeomiBodaiddn and abift of fnartera, aa
•ecaaiMi shoald reqtnre, till he (Clanranald)^ and
aemef ether diosen persons, should take a trip to
ihe Iskai, and look ont for a vessel to convey hi»
Rayai High^iess to France. Bnt Charles was over-
pamiaded by his fea]!% and by the advice of Snl«
laniOL ; aoid firmly anmonnced hia resolution te seek
a e e auro a drokerinrthe Isles.

The Prince ^Mnt fimr days in Arasa%, await*
iag^ Ae atrivBl af one Donald MacLeod, who had
keen xeqwred to eome firoan the Isle of Skye, in.
oadei to act as fab guide to the Isles* Before
Bonald anrivad, an alarm waa one day given that
aaaoe ef the enemy were at' handy and die whole
paily wmiediaiBly dispersed, eadi to seek shelter
wtfaare best he ra%ht, among the neighbou^ hille
and woods. Charles waa wandering alone through
aforoaty panderii^ hia altered fortunes and hia
preacnt distress, when, in the midst of bis care,
be observed an aged Htghlander approaching. He
arifiad the man if he were Donald MacLeod of
GaalteigiU, in the Isle of Skye. The Highlander
SMawered in the affiraaa^e ; when the Prince re^
'' Then I am )m who sent fw you ; yom

1*2

I8t FTKAlr 8o»rantioir

•M llMcKfltrpm Ittn in; I thnnr »yMll iiito ynr
bosom ; do with me what you like ; your 'Bttptm
rm&gns himt^ entirely in^ yo«r hands/' The
old man never afterwards eonld repeat this DaonB^
address without shedding a flood of lean.

In the evening of the 24th, Charles, al«ng with
SoUivan, O'Neale, Burke, and other eeven fersei%
set sail in an open mght-oared boat, firom Loehna*
nvflgh, the bay where he first landed. ^ Donald
MacX<eod, actiDg as piM, sat at the stem, wilk
Charles bet^idxt his knees. Tbfa aged persmiy he^
ihg an experienced mariner, was certain, ham tfa»
appearance of the sky, that a storm was aboirt ta^
ensue, and entreated the PHnce to defer his rcj^
age till next day. Bat Charles iasistad npoB ifl»«
mediately leaving the continent where he «ppn»
bended so much danger. In the boat l^ere weva
four pecks of oatmeal, and a pot in wiiieh thef >
could boil meat when ihey landed*
. As old MacLeod htid foteUAiif ^y bad seaseeiy
got fairly out to sea when- a* storm /arose. The
wind blew a tempesti; the waves -af the AtlaaMia
rose with tumnhnouB.fhry; and ft was altt^edier
a night snrpasang in danger ai( that MacLeod^ an
experienced- boatman, IiimI ever before aeeii v^pan
tiiiat wild sea. To add to thehr diirtress, ^le rala
poured down in torrents, and they had iwilh e f
pump nor compass. In llie daiimess of the nigfat,
none of the crew knew where llhey w«n«, and-aen*
ous apprehensions were enteitained lest die boaa
should either founder, or be diivenapen Skye,
where the person of the Prince wemld at oiiee be*
come a prey to the militia, who were roaming dboat
that island in great nambera. At length, a period
was put at once to their danger from the 8ea> and

Of VMS' mWARlCTtON. ' ISS

»ppw lwiMia a9 Irom the militia, by the ^>-
proadi of daylight, wiiich showed them to be ap*
ta the coast of that remote archipelago, ah-eady
Mentioned by the descriptiye epithet of Long Is-
had, the storm having carried the boat upwards
ef an himdred miles in nine or ten honrs. They^
landed at Rossinisfa Point, the north-east corner
^ the Uuid of Benbecnla, and, having hauled
Aeir boat npon* dry land, prepared a humble en«
lm!tasnmeiit vHth meal and the flesh of a cow,'
iHiidh they had seized and killed.

In order to give ihe reader a proper idea of the'
dai^er whic^ the Prince now ran, it is necessary
t» remind him, that the reward of thirty thousand:
pmaidB, wMch had been offered by the British
Qofemment for his apprehension, at the beginning
af the campaign, still hung over his head, and in-
ieed wmnewmm'e ostentatiously offered than ever.
The magnitode of the sum was such as seemed
crieidated to overcome every scruple on the part
of hk fneads ; and it was daily expected, through-
ctet the whole country, that he would be given up
ly'one or other of those to whom he intrusted his'
p^non. Tliat no means for the accomplishment of
Mwh an end might beomitted, parties of soldiers were
sent oat in ev^ direction, each more eager than
■aether to secure lAie splendid prize. The Duke's
instructions to those blood-hounds^ were invariably
exfMessed in the simple words, '* No pi-isoners,
gentlemen— you understand me." Among all
who were employed in this duty, no man seems
to have beta so eager as the leader .of the Camp'*
bi^ls, now raised to the rank of General* On a
report arising that the Chevalier had taken refuge
in St JLM»f iAm aetive person instantly repaired

10 th0 kknd widra lorgfs fleeU StKiUfti '' piMi
far axni(kt the melancholy main," is the remojtest oi
all the Western Islanda, and \a peopled by 'Only a
few ahoriginal families, who suhsiat chieAy on fiat^
and sea-fowl, paying a rent to the Laird of Mac-
Leod, whose factor, sent once a year to eoUeet
the same, was then the only visitor, whom the lonely
St Kildans ever saw. On Camphell's fleet c^aHB^
within sight, the people fled in terror to eaves aii4
the tops of mountiJns ; and it was not wkiioii^
oonsiderahle difficulty that the Ganeid €<mld pMh
cure a hearing amongst them* His men aaked
those whom they found, '^ what had beeone oC
the Pretender ? " expecting to discover their guilt
by the confusion of their manners, or perhaps tOr
get a candid confession. But the only aa^wer
diey could get from the simple islander^ was,
** that they had never heard of such a poraon. "
All that they could teU about the late trottUes^
was, that they heard a report, probably com-
municated by some stray fishermen^ that tfaeif>
laird (MacLeod) had been at war with a woqmm a.
a great way abroad^ and that he had got the better
of her. The General returned on board, to ror.
Hace his long disagreeable voyage, witl\ feeliiig^.
which need not be described, but in which few oi
our i^eaders will be disposed to sympathise with,
him.

Meanwhile, tlie Duke of Cumberland took
measures for disarming the insurgent clansy and
for inflicting that vengeance upon their oountry^
which the atrocity of their late '' wicked and uiv*
natural attempt " seemed to demand* The Earl
of Loudoun, the Laird of MacLeod, and Sir Alex-
ander MacDoniddi with seventeen hundred ipUkia^

09 tftt IKSt^ftRiCTlON. \35

srid' Genefil Campbell, with his eight hundred
Ai^le men, were marched into Lochaber; m
imfidred Gtants were sent into the Frasers' Conn-
tr^ ; and the "Monroes, Maekays, and Suther-^
hmds, were despatched to Ro8B-«hire ; to e£Pect
th«tse^ desirable objects. Lord Fortrose, son of
Ibe Earl 'of Seaibrth, raised the Mackenzies, to
^nard the passages to the Isles ; orders were giren
ihmg tile coast to prevent an)r suspicions persona'
from tftaMng 'their es^pe by sea ; Oobham's and
Lord Mark 'Kerr's dragoons were planted to gnard
llie east coast ; bodies of local militia were placed
aft all the passes oat of die Highlands, and evenf
it die ftn^ of the Frew and the ferries across the(
Virih of Forth ; in order to insure the uhimate and
lelsnrafy taptui^Of all the unfortunate insurgents.
About a month after the battle of Culloden,*
whto every preparation had been made, the Duke
set out from Inverness upon a tour of vengeance.*
ih Imd pre^^ously isstied a proclamation, rfequir*
ing the rebete to deliver up their arms, and suIk''
osit to the King's mercy, and was somewhat exas-*
perated: to find that very few availed themselves'
of so genei^ous a proposal. Those, therefore, who'
would not take the chance of c«t?t7, he now de-
termined to visit, if possible, with the certainty of
mi U etrp, execution. He went to Fort Augustus,
wi^ Kingston's horse and eleven battalions of foot,-
for whose accommodation a summer camp was;
etrtsMirited. A house was erected of turf, and
provided wkh windows and furniture,, for his own
\m%.^ There, in the midst of the Rebel country,
wWl all bis troops extending in parties around-
htel, he might be compared to a huge bhie-bottle

1S# WtUAh SVTPKEMION

r, Hodng ift th6 eentre «if bis wtde-flpnti
meshes.

. SeTeml of the dans bad, in the neon titee» es^
tered into a bond of mmtual (lefence, far ihe 4c»*
penle purpose of resisting the power which fhgf
■AW was about to close upoD aad destroy tfaenL
At the bead of this association^ Weve die ehtefe-ef
Locfaiely Glengaiy, daoranald, Stewarts •f - Ap*
pin, Keppoch, Baiisdale and MaeInoeii» eadh of
whom was to assemble his men, and bnagaa many
•ther leaders as he could advertise or pianoada
into the meaaore, on the 15th of JN&y* Wben
the day of meeting came, few were fonnd at the
place of rendesToos, on accoont of the paramout
necessity, i«nder wbidi each clan lay, of delnd-
ing its owa country. They expected asaiBtanoa
fipom FrBDoe, but none amved in ti^e. The
Dnke therefore found them still in open rebelliea^
and yet incapable of resistance.
. A period ci rapine and massacre new enaned^
npon whose details we would willingly abnl
eyes, but which the duty of an historian coi
us, however refaietandy, to secord. The general
outline of the devastation, as given^ in Ihe henr^
less publicadona of the day, waa simply, thn^
strcmg parties of soldien, being deapatched inin
the countries of the various insuigent cbiefis bvmt
all the houses, carried off all the cattle, mid Mhoi
etery mak inhabiianiwhofledat their offro&ck,
But the fillmg up of this dreadM pictuw oenn-
prises a thousand horrors. By the fnnflifprlian
of the houses, inaummeirable innocent perlon% in»
duding the young, the sickly, and die-aged, wen
Midered homeless ; % the abstmetton of the cn^
tie, the same persons were deprived of their daily

Oy THB INSITRRECnOK« 187

Ibod; hf Ae massacre of the fngittTes, many oC
whom were innocent of eren the imaginary crime
imputed to them, the whole popnhition was left to
lament over liie Moody corpses of their kindred*
Vrtder dreamstaaces of each unparalleled distress^
ihe widovrs and orphans of the slain had either ta
ffes^ themsekes to a slow and lingering death, (Mr
t0 adtieipste it by perishing of ftrtigne, among th^
INilhless bills, in wandering towards the distant
iM>untries which the brand of the destroyer had not
veadied. Some followed the parties Tdiich drove
their cattle towards Fort AngniBtiis, with the mise-
rable hope of getting back a fe\r for their subsist
taice by working npon the pity of the (pressors;
But they liad only the mortification of seeing their
l^roperty sold, generally at trifling prices, to the
toieroenary drovers of the Sontfa. It might have
beoB expected that at ihis place, where there wafe
a sort of public market for the time, the wretched
victims woold have been able, to subsist at least
upon charity. : Instead of that mitigated (ate, they
were redaeed to sndh extremities of hunger, as
often to approach l^e shambles where the soldiers
k^led cattle for their own use, and, with the
humblest air and many entreaties, beg permission
Co lick up ihe blood and soil of the slaughtered
beeves!' :

• Bef<»^ die lOth of June, the task of desolation
was eom{rfete throughout all the western parts of
invemess-ehire ; and the curse which had been de^
nounoed upon Scotland, by the religions enthu-
siasts of die preceding century, was at length so
entirely fulfilled in this remote region, that it
would have been literal possible to travel for

Iv/

196 VlVJkh tUPPRBMIOII

dajB through the depopulated glens, tifM&ui' m*
ing a chimney smoke, or hearing a cock crow.

It is generally allowed that the Duke himaelf,
though the instigator of these cruelties^ did not
show so much open or actire cruelty as some of
the more immediate instruments of the Royal
vengeance. General Hawley was one Qf the most
jremorseless of all the commanding officers ; ap-
parently thinking no extent of cruelty a sui^
cient compensation for his loss of honour at Fal«
kirk* The names of LieutenantrColouel Howard,
.Captain Caroline Scott, and Major Lockhart, are
also to he handed down to everlas^g execratioDy
as among the blood-thirstiest of all those humaa
wolFes. The last, in particular, did not even re-
spect the protections which Lord Loudoun had
extended (by virtue of a commission from the
Duke), to those who had taken an early opportu*
nity of submitting to him ; but used only to oh*
serve to the unhappy individuals who expected to
be saved on that account, as he ordered ihem to
execution and their houses to the flames^ thal>
<< though they were to show Jdm a protection firom
Heaven, it should not prevent him from doing bis
duty ! " «

^ It reflects great credit upon the Highlander^
that, in the midst of all these calamities, they dia*
played no disposition to take mean or insidious
modes of avei^pjig them, though^ with arna m
their hands, and acquainted as they were with the
country, they might have often done so both easi-
ly and securely. Only one soldier is said to have
perished by the hand of an assassin, during the
whole of the frightful campaign* The cireum-.
stance was to the triumphiuit party a matter of

pent gri^«latiop9 affprdipg tb^m a sort Qf exMm^
for further cruelties ; while^ by the tbinkiug pait
of the Jacobites, it was regarded with horror and
bitterness of spirit. A domestic belon^g to thf
bouse of Glengary, on reaching bis home after 9
short expedition, found that, during bis absence, b^i
property bad been destroyed, bis wife violated^ an^
his home rendered desolate. In the bittemef^
of the moment, beyowed deadly reyenge. Leanir
log that the officer wbo bad copamanded ihe epo^
liatpi*s, and wbo bad been tbe raviaber qf bia wife^
rode upon a white horse, he rushed abroad with
bis musket, determined peyer to rest till be bad
accomplished bis yow. After wandering seyera)
weeks, without discoyering tbe yillain, he one
day obseryed an officer approaching at tbe bead of
a party, moimted upon the white borse be ba4
heard described. Tliis was not the real parpetra^
tor of bis wron^, but a yery worthy ma^, JMf^yor
Monro of Culcairn, l» younger brother of the lati^
Sir Robert Monro of Foulis, who bad, unfor?
tunately for himself, borrowed tbe animal on which
he rode. Tbe infuriated Highlander took uxa\
from behind some craggy banks wbicb oyerlpoked
the road, and shot tbe Majpr dead. He then fled
through tbe rugged cquntry, and was soon beyon4
pursuit. On afterwards learning that he bad kil-*
led an innocent man, be burst bis gun, and re-
nounced tbe yow which ba4 bound him to yen-
geance. Doddridge and y^rious other writer^
narrate tbe circuipstance of CulcaimB assasaina-)
tioji, but it is only now for tbe first time justified,
by a full disclosure of tbe facts which led to it.
WbUst tbe nativea and tbe fugitive Prince were
VOL. n. M

140 FIVAL SCPPKBSSIOir *

enADing erer^ spedes of baiddiip, Doke W3fi^
and bis mynnidinis at Fort Aognstas sp^it ^eir
tune in a ceaselefls rovnd of festivity. Enridied
hf the sale of their spoils, the sol^Bera could pur-
dnse all the Inxnries wluch the Lowlands could
supply, or which conld be conveniently transport-
ed over the Grampians; and for several weeks
tfaCTT camp exhibited all the coarse and obstrepo-
nnis revues of an English foir. It was common,
while thousands were starving around them, to
bear Aese miscreants talking, over their feasts, d
the languor and tedium of their campaign — ^looking
with affected horror on the sublime scenery around
them — and execrating Ae rebels for bringing them
into such a wilderness. In order to amuse them,
the Duke instituted races, which were run by the
trulls of the camp, with drcumstances of indecen-
cy which foibid description. Greneral Hawley al-
so ran a race with the infamous Howani, and, pro-
bably rendered a proficient in that exercise by hk
practice at Falkirk, gained it by four inches.

/* At this time," says the volunteer Ray, ** most
of the soldiers had horses, which they bought and
sold with one another at a low price, and on which
they were constantly riding about, to the neglect
of their duty, which made it necessary to publish
an order, that, unless immediately parted with, tlie
animals should be shot. I saw a soldier riding on
one of these horses, when a comrade passing by
asked him, < Tom, what hsst thou given for the
Galloway?* Tom answered, * Half a crown.*
* Too dear by half, ' replied the other ; * I
saw a better bought for eighteenpence ! * Not-
withstanding this lowness of price," continues
Ray, ** the vast quantities of cattle^ such as oxen.

OV.THE INSURRECTiOV. 141

horses, sheep, and goats, taken from the rebels, and
bought up, in the lump, by the jockies and fann-
ers of Yorkshire and Galloway, came to a great
deal of money — all of which was divided as booty
aiQong the men who had broaght them in. These,
being sent out in search of the^ Pretender, fre-
quently came to the houses of rebels that had left
theiUy refusing to be reduced to obedience, which
imr soldiers commonly plundered and burnt, so
that many of them grew rich by their share of
spoil. **

The manners of the British soldiery at this time
bave been already described as extremely disso-
lute ; but to immorality there wad new added Q
d^^ee of savage ruffianism, which would have ac-
tually disgraced the brigands of Italy. Not con-
tent with laying waste the country of the active
insurgents, they extended their ravages, before the
end of the season, over peaceful districts, to the
Very gates of the capital ; and for some time Scot-
land might be said to have been treated through-
out Its whole bounds as a conquered country, sub-
jected to the domination of military law. , The
voice of Lord, President Forbes was occasionally
heai*d amidst these outrages, like that of Pity de-
scribed in the allegory as interposing in some bar-
barous scene ; bu^ on this aipiable old man re-
monstrating with the Duke, by a representation
that his soldiers were breaking the laws of the
land, his Royal Highness is said to have answered
with scorn, " The laws, my Lord! By G — , I'll
make a brigade give laws. ** ® No form of trial
was adopted with the insurgents, even within a few
miles of the seat of the Court of Session ; nor did

142 FlUAL SUPPRBSftlON

tlm soldiers ever appeal to the neighbouring Jus-
tices for warrants, when abont to plunder their
houses. The lawful creditors of unfortunate indi-
viduals were, in innumerable instances, mortified
tft seeing a lawless band seize the property to which
they looked for payment, and unceremoniously ex-
pose it to public roup for their own behalf. * Such
transactions often took place on Sundays, td the
geiieral scandal of the nation.

The license of the soldiery extended ioihe most
tranquil, districts of the country, and was often ex-
ercised upon people of imquestionable innocerice.-
A party of dragoons, huirying through Nithisdale
in search of some wandering insurgents, drew up,
hungry and fatigued, at the door of a lonely widow,
and demanded refreshment. Her son, a lad of
sixteen, dressed them up some homely dish, and the
good woman brought new milk, which she told
them was all her stock. One of the party in-
quired, with seeming kindness, how she lived. —
*' indeed, " quoth she, '* the cow and the gar-
den, wi' God's blessing, is a* my mailen (farm)."
He rose', and- with his sabre killed the cow, and
destroyed the garden. The poor woman, thus ren-
dered destitute, soon died of a broken heart ; and
her disconsolate son wandered away beyond the
inquiry of friends or the search of compassion.
Afterwards, in the Seven-years War, when the
British ai*my had gained a great and signal victory,
the soldiery were making merry with wine, and
recounting their exploits, when a dragoon cried
out, "I once started a Scotch witch in Nithisdale.
I killed her cow and destroyed her greens ; but, "
added he, ^she o6uld live, for all that, on Her God^

or THE IR8URRECTIOK. 14S.

as she said." ** And don't yoa rne it?'* cried a
yoting soldier, starting np, ** don't yon rne it?"
^* Rue what?" said the miscreant, ** me anght

nice that ! " « Then, hy h , " cried the

youth, nnsheathing his sword, ** that woman was
ray mother — draw, yon hmtal TiHain, draw ! "
They fought ; the yonth passed his sword twice
through the dragoon s hody ; and, while he turned
him over in the throes of death, exchiimed, ** Had
you rued it, yon should hare heen wAj punished
hy your God ? "

At length, a public outrage of a peculiarly hef-
nous nature became the means of terminating iMs
reign of terror. A citizen of Stirling, having given
offence to an officer in the garrison by some uncr-
vil expression uttered in the course of business,
was seized by the ruffians, stripped naked on the
public street, bound upon a lamp-post, and there
flogged in military fashion, notwithstanding the in-
terference of the civil authorities, and the genera?
horror of the people. The news of this ttansac-
tiou) which happened six monlhs after the total
suppression of '^ the rebellion, ** spread over all
Scotland, and had nearly occasioned a new insur*
rection. The state-officers of the country, who
had hitherto meanly submitted to the domination
of the soldiery, then at last saw it necessary to
remonstrate against a system which promised so
much mischief; and on their representation, far-
ther violence was prohibited by the express com*
mand of Government.

Besides the measures already described as hav-
ing been taken for the capture of the Chevalier
and his friends, others were adopted of a nature

144? FINAL SUPPRESSlbH*

wbicb showed the resolutioa of Gorernment to
attain that object. The General Assembly of the
Church, about the end of May, was reqmred to
command all the placed clergymen throughout the
country* to read a proclamation from their pulpits,
in which the Duke ordered every minister and
etvery loyal subject to exert themselves in discover-
iiig and seizing the rebels ; and the General As*
sembly complied with the requisition, contraiy no
less to *the" republican independence affected by
the -Scottish Church, than to the dictates of the
gospel which they professed to preach. Many of
the individual clergymen, with a better spirit, re-
fused to read this paper, or left it to be read by
their precentors; in consequence of which the
Duke sent another order to the church, command-
ing every minister to give in a list of the rebels
belonging to his parish. With this last still fewer
complied ; the clergymen of Edinbui^h ranking
among the recusants ; and the Duke, having then
used individuid applications and even. personal en- ^
treaties in vain, troubled them with no. more. '°

It is not observable in any authentic docu-
ments, tliat those who gave food or shelter to the
fugitives, were punished with death ; but it is at
least certain, that a proclamaXion was read in the
churches of Perth and its vicinity, by order of the -
Duke of Cumberland, threatening wi^ that punish-
ment all who concealed them, or even their arms. >
Rewards were also offered in Ireland and the Isle
of Men, for the apprehension of any who might
land in those territories ; and the British minislerB
at foreign courts in alliance with his M^es^^y were
ordered to secure All who inight take refuge there.
^^•^ means, in short, were omitted, which might

OF xAfB lNSURRECTION\ ' H^

tend ta the grandf object of extenninating thefl«
yn^ppjr viefanw of. state resentment.
. The consequence was, that, besidies the nambere
who perished in the course of what the soldiers! '
termed HeM-huntinf, hundreds were immured in
the jails of the South and the holds of the British
cruisers* The chief men of distinctioi;^ who felh
into the hands of Government, besides the Earl of
Cromarty and Lord MacLeod, who had be^m,
t^en before Culloden, '^ were the Earl of Kilmar-*;
nock, XK>rd8 Lovat and Baknerino, the Maiquis of
Tullibardme, and Secretary Muixay. Lord Kil*;
mamock s capture was attended by circiunstances
I^culiarly affecting. During the confusion of the
fli^t from Culloden, being half- blinded by smoke
and snow, he mistook a party of dn^ons for,
Fitz Jameses horses, and was accordingly taken. .
He was soon after led along the lines of the Britisli '
infantry, in idiicb his son, then a Fery* young- man, >
held the pommission of an ensign, Tlie Earl- had
lost his ha£ in the strife, and his Ions: hair was
flying in disorder ar6und his head and' over his
face. The soldiers stood mute in their lines, be-
holding the unfortunate nobleman. Among the
rest stood Lord Boyd, compelled by his situation
to witness, without the power of alleyiating, the
humiliation of his father. When the Earl came
past the place where his son stood, the youth, un-
able to bear any longer that his father*s head
should be exposed to the storm, stepped out of
the ranks, without regard to discipline, and, taking
off his own hat, placed it over his father's disor-
dered and wind-beaten locks. He then returned
to his place, without having uttered a word, while ^

146 VINAL SUVPRESSIOK» &C

scarcely an eye that saw his filial afiection, Init
what confessed its merit by a tear.

Lord Lovat, after parting with Charles, had
sought refuge in the wildest parts of Invemess-
shire, along with a considerable number of attend-
ants, who carried him upon a sort of litter, with
all the devotion of clansmen to their chief. His
Lordship was at length taken, about the beginning
of June. He was found wrapt in a blanket, and
deposited in the hollow of an oM tree which grew
upon a Kttle isle in the centre of a lake ; to which
place of concealment he had retired for shelter..
On the search becoming very close, Balmerino vo*
luntarily resigned himself, after having only endur-
ed the life of a fugitive for two days. Tullibardine
fell into the hands of a private gentleman, the
commander of a troop of native militia, at one of
the passes out of Dunbartonshire ; and Secretary
Murray, after escaping from the Highlands, was
taken in the house of his brother-in-law, Mr Hun-
ter of Polmood, in Peeblesshire. They were all
despatched, under safe custody, to London*.

CllABtE3*S ^ANbERINOS. 147

CHAPTER IX.

I . A « .

He mi^t put on a bat, a muffler^ and a ktavbief , and*

SttAKSPEAME.

* « . . . , ■

ClrARLES was left in iA\e remote and desolate,
island of Bei^ecula, where he had arrived after ^;
night Toyagfe of no ordinary danger. His acom*;
modations in ^is place were o/ the humblest de^* '
«(rription. A cow-house, destitute of a door,, was ,-
lus palace ; his couch of state was formed pf filthy^
straw and a sail-cloth ; and the regal banquet, com- ;
p68ed of oat-meal and boiled flesh, was serredup,
ii> the homely pot in which it had been prepared* •
The 8C<!>rm continued for fourteen hours ; and it f
was not till the thii'd day after, (Tuesday, the 29th ;
of April), that he could. leave the island. They
fiet sail fo^ Stomoway, the chief port in the Isle of {
Lewis, where Donald MacLeod* entertained hopes >
of procuring a vessel to convey the Prince ta
France* A storm, however, coming on, as on the .
fi^nner occasion, their little vessel was driven m t
upon tLe small isle of Glass, about forty miles
northward of Benbecula, and fully as far distant ,
from Stomoway. They disembarked about two

148 Charles's wavdebxnos.

hoQni before dayliraak, and, finding the inhabHtiilp
engaged in the hostile interest under the Laiid off
MaeLeod, were obliged to assume the chaiaeter
of merchantmen who had been shipwrecked in a
Toyage to Orkney ; Siidlivan md the Prince call-
ing ^mselves Sinclair^ as father and son ; the
rest of the crew taking other names. They w^e
entertained here by Donald Campbell, a farmer ;
who was so kind aa to lend his own boat to Donald
lilacLeod, that he might go to Stomeway, in oc«
c^r to hire a vessel for the Prince s senrice. Do^
nald set out next day, leaving the Prince in Canqn
beU*s house.

A message came fix>m the faithful MacLeod on
the 8d of May, intimating his having succeeded
in his object, and requesting, the, Prince immedi-
Btely to set forward. Another boat, iherefore,
Imng manned, Charles set sidl next day fbr Stor-
Boway. The wind proving contrary, he was ob-
liged to land in Loch Seaforth, at the distance of
thirty miles from Storaoway. AH this way he had
to walk on foot over a pathless moor, which, m
addition to all other disaidvanti^es^ was extremely
wet It was fortunate, however, that he did not
immediately reach his destined port, as the people
there, i^rised of his approach by a zealous Pi«s*
fayterian clergyman of the Isle of Uist, had risen
in arms against him, their imaginations possessed
by an idea, that he would bum their town, cany
off ^eir cattle, and force a vessel into his service.
Being misled by the ignorance of their guide, l3ie
disconsohite little party did not get near Stomo-
way till the 5th at noon ; when, stopping at the
I^int of Arynish, about half a mile from towBf
they sent forward tbehr guide to Donald MacLeod,

THE LONG ISLAKD. ^ 149

implorhig brai to bring them oat some refireshmenl.
I>oiia]d soon came with proyisi<m8y and took them
to the house of Mrs Mackenzie of Kikliiny wheve
the Prince went to sleep. Retuiming to .Stonu>>
way, Donald was confounded to observe the pe<^
pie all rising in the commotion alladed to. He ex-
erted his eloquence, to show them the abswdity of
their fears, representing the inability of the Pruice
with so small a band to do &em the least injury,
^nd finally threatening that, if they should hurt
but a hail' of his head, it would be amply and fear-
fully revenged upon them, in this their lonely si-
tuation, by his Royal Highnesses foreign friends.
By working upon their pity, alternately, and llieir
fears, he succeeded in pacifying them ; and all
they at last desired was, that he should leave
their country. Donald requested to have a pilot %
but nobody could be persuaded to perform that
service. He then returned to the house in which
the Prince was reposing, and informed hiiji of the
disagreeable aspj^ct of his affiun. Some proposed
lo fly ini^ta^tly to the ipoois ; but Charles resolved
to styind his ground, lest such a measure should
encourage his enemies to pur^e. ' They sooa
after learned, that tb^ boat, in whifch they came to
Lewis, had been taken out to sea by two of the
<9«w, whil^ the othei two had fled to the country,
from fear of the people of Stomoway. They were,
^lerefore, obliged to spend the afternoon, in a state
of painfrd alarm, at Mrs Mackemne's house.

The Plrmce, Sullivan, and O'Neal, had at this
time only six shirts amongst them. They killed a
cow during their residence at Kildnn ; for which
^ lady refused to take payment, till compelled
by his Royal Highness. They also procured two

156 CU^lRtlSsV WAlfBERfNOSr

peck^ of meal, with plenty of brandy and sugar*
Edward Burke acted as cook, though the Prince
occasionally interfered with his duties, and, en the
present occasion, prepared with his own hands a
eake oi oat-nteal, mixed with the brains of the cow.
With these provisions, the whole party set sail next
morning in tne boat, which had returned ashore dur-
ingthe night. The Prince wished to go to Bolleia
in Kintail ; but the men refused, on account of the
length of the voyage. Soon after, four large res-
sels appearing at a distance, they put into the small
4esert Isle of Eium or Ifiurt, near Harris, a littW
way north of Glass, where they had been a few
days before.

The island was inhabited by only a few fisher-
men, all of whom fled to the interior at the ap-
proach of the boat, which they believed to be sent
with a press-gang from the vessels within sight.
They left their fish in large quantities drying upon
the shore, to the great satisfaction of the wande-
rers, who made a hearty meal upon it.* The
prince was going to lay down money upon the
place where they got the fish, but the ingenious
Donald prevented him^ by representing the neces-
sity of acting up to their supposed character of d
press-gang ; adding, according to the report of Du-
gald Graham —

«< Is it not the man of war's men's way.
To take all things, but nought to pay ? "

Charley yielded to the suggestions of his sagacious
caonsellor, though not without violence to his con-
science. His lodging here was a miserable hovel»
the Tw>i 9f wJidch was so imperfect, that it had to
h& covfired with a sailcloth. They lay upon the
'^x, k^ping Yiratch by turns.

. THS LONG IStAND. 151

After a rendence of. four days upon this little
island, the party onQs more set sail, and, craiziog
along the shores of the . Long Island, touched at
Glass (where . they had been before), with the
intention of paying Donald Campbell for the hire
of his boat. Before they liad got time to land,,
four men came up, and it was thought necessary
to send Edwj&rd Burke ariiore to confer with them,
before the Prince should hazard his person on the
island. These . fellows manifesting a desire of
seizing the boat, Buike, to escape their clutches^
was under the necessity of hastily jumping back
into it, and pushing off from the shore. On ac-
count of tfaet»]m, they had to 'row. all night, al-
though excessively faint for want of food. About
daybreak, they hoisted their sail to catch the
wind, which then began to rise. Not having
any i^sh water, they were obliged, during this mi-
serable, day, to subsist upon meal stirred into brine.
Charles himself is said to have partaken this nau-
seous food with some degree of satisfaction, observ-
ing that, if ever he mounted a throne, he should not
£ul to remember f^ those who dined with him to-
^y* '* It ought to be mentioned, that they for-
tunately were able to qualify the saii-tvater dram"
f»oek, as it was called, with a dram of brandy.

Charles's route having been discovered by his
enemies, the Long Island was now invested by a
.^great number of English war-vessels, whilst the
land was travnsed by nearly two thousand militia ;
fto that it seemed scarcely possible he should e-
scape. He was actually chased for three leagues
by an EogHsh ship, under the command of a Cap-
tain Ferguseon ; but escaped among the rocks at
VOL, II. N 5 .

153 Charles's wakdbriiig8«

llie Point of Roimdil, in the Hanis. Soon af-
tor, on BteaBng out to pnrane bis conne, the host
'WBs espied and parsaed by another ship ; and it
was with the greatest diffiiciilty the crew got ashore
upon Benbecnia. But Rwidence seemed to guard
him in all dangers; for scarcely had he landed,
when a stonii arose, and blew his pnrsoerB off the
eoast. Charles, elated at the double escape he
had made, conld not help exclaiming to his com-
panions, that he believed he was not designed to
die by either weapon or waten

Soon after landing upon Benbecula, one of the
boatmen b^an to search among the rocks for
shell-fish, and had the good fortune to catch a
crab, which he b^ld up to the Prince with a joy-
ful exclamation^ Charles instantly took a pail or
bucket, which they carried with them, and ran to
receive the fish from the man's hands. They were
fortunately soon able to flH this vessel with
crabs; and they then directed their steps to a hut
about two miles in)and, Charles insisting upon ear-
rying the bucket. On reaching the hovel, it was
ioiind to be one of the very meanest and most pri«
mitive description ; the door being so low, that
they were obliged to enter upon their hands and
knees. Resolving here to remain for some timoi
Charies ordered his faithful servant Burke to im-
prove the hovel by lowering the threshold. He
also sent a messi^ to the old Laiid of Clanranald,
the father of his youthful adherent, acquainting
him of his arrival, and of his present hapless con-
dition.

Clanranald, who had lived in the Long Island
during the whole progress of the war, came imi
pediately, bringing with him some Spanish win^s^

THB LOVQ XStASS. 1&8

proTinoiis^ Ao0Bf wad slockiogk He Ibsiid the
yoath who had raoently agitated Britain in so ex-
traordinaiy a mamier, and whose pvetennoiis to a
tiirone he considered indnhitabloi rodining in a
lM>rel little laiger than an English hog-ttye, and a
thonsand times more filthy ; his ftoe haggard with
disease, hanger, and exposure to the weidier ; and
his shirt, to nse the expressive language of Doagal
Graham, as dingy as a dishdont* He plrocnred
him six good shirts from Lady Clanranald, with a
anj^ly of every other conyenience which was at-
tohmhle ; and alter spending a day or two in the
iint, it was determine that he should remove to a ,
more sequestered and secure place of hiding, near
(he centre of South Uist.

Before removing, the Prince despatched Donald
MacLeod to the Mainland^ with letters toLochiet
and Seftvtary Murray, desiring to know the stale
of affisori in the country, and requestmg Innn the
Secretary a supply of cash for the purchase of
provisions. Chi making applicatian to Mnnay»
whom he found with Lodiiel near the head of
Loch Arkaig, Donald was informed that he had
only sixty louis-d'ors for the supply of hie own
necessities, and could not spare aiqr for the uae
of his Royal Highness* ^ The fiuthfnl messen- .
ger, having received letters from both gentlemeBi
and purchased two ankers of brandy at a guinea
each, returned to the Long Island, whmw he ar*
rived after an absence of eighteen days.

When Donald returned, he found the Prince in
a better hut than that in which he had left him,
having two cow-hides stretch^ out upon four
sticks, as an awning to cover him when asleep.
His habitation was called the Foreet-house of

154 CHARLBS S WARDSKIKGS.

GlenconidaSe, being situated in a lonely «ad se-
daded vale, with a convenient access ei^er to llie
kiHs or the sea, in case of s^ visit from the enemy.
Sooth Uist is remarkable above all the Hebrides
for abundance of game, and Charles had here a-
mnsed himself with field sports. He showed ham-
self remarkably expert in shooting fowl upon the
wing.^ Sometimes he also went out in a boat
upon the creek near his residence ; and, with
bandolines, (mu^t a species of fish called Lyths.
Most of his fiiithful boatmen still remaiised with
him, and he wais provided by Clanrqnald with a
db^n of stout gillies to act as watchmen and cou-
rier. The old geiitleman, as well as his brother
Boisdale, often attended him, to cheer his solitude
and administer to his comforts.

After having spent several weeks in this fashion
at Gleneoradale, Charles was at last obl^d to re*
some his former skulking mode of life^' on learn-
ing that the myrmidons of . Government, whosis
vessels cruized every where' around,' had now re-
solved to sweep over the whole of the Long Island
from end to end, for the purpose of enclosing^him
in their toils. ^ ^< It is impossible, " says one who
attended him, <^ to express the consternation which
this intelligence occasioned among the Pi-ince s at-
tendants." The island invested by war-vessels,
traversed by hundreds of soldiers, every fetry guard-
ed, and no perspn permitted to leave the coast with-
out a passport-^-escape seemed to be altoge^er
impracticable. His usual good foitune, however,
attended him ; and, by the activity and vigilance
of the people of the island, all of whom knew who
and what he was» and took .every means to assist

kiiii> he at langth evaded all the perik that ean-
roned him.

It was when thus hard pressed in South Uisty
that Chaiies became indebted for his immediate
preserralion to Afiss Ploia MacDoaald ; a naoM
which, aoe<»ding to the prediction of Dr Johnson^
wiU live in ktstory^ and which no liistorian, it may
be added, will esv^ mention without profound r6«»
^ct. This lady, the daughter of IV^Donald oi
Milton, in the iciland of South Uist, and theiefwe
a gmitlewoman by birth, was th^a in the prime oi
life, possessed of an attractire person, and endow*
ed with llie inyaluable accomplishments of good
sense, sprightliness, and humanity. Her father
having died during bar in&ncy, her mother was
married to MacDonald of Annadale, m the Isle of
Skye, who was at Hob head of one of the corps of
ttulitia now petroling South Uist* She was gene*
raPy an inmate in the fiunily of her brother, the
proprietor of Mihon ; but, at present, she resid*
ed, <m a visit, at Ormadade, the hoose of Clanra*
naid, to whose family she was neariy related*
O'Neal being employed to wA hear good serviees
for the Prinee, she erpressed an earnest desire at
least to aee that celebrated personage ; and was
accordingly brought to an interview with his Royal
Highness. She fonnd him emaciated with bad
heakh, though possessed of a wonderfol degree of
good humour and dieerfulness ; and, unable to re«
sist the influence ef his presence, she at once agreed
to do every thmg in her power for his service*

When the project for his escape had been set»
tied, Mka MacDonald repaired to her 8tep-ftiher»
and demaaded a paxport lor henelf, a maftHMf

156 chaiii.eb'8 wanderings.

vant, and her inaid,^ whom, she enidtled Bettf
Burke ; professing to he hound for Skye, on a vUit
to her mother. Captain MacDonald, unsuspicious
of his step-daughter's design, 'ipsnted the passport
without demur, and even, at Miss Flora's Buggc»*
tion, recommended Betty Burke to his wife as an
excellent spinner of flax, and a good servant. She
returned to the Prince, who now lay hy himsetf
in a little hut upon the shore, about a mile- from
the house of Ormadade. She was accompanied
hy the. Lady Clanranald and some other attend-
ants, who carried a female disguise for ihe Prince.
On entering the hut, they found bis Ro^
Highness engaged in roasting the heart and liver
of a sheep upon a wooden spit; a sight at whidi
some of the party could not help shedding tears.
Charles, always the least concerned at his digress-
ing circumstances, though never, even in his low-
est humiliation, compromising the idea of his
lofity pretensions, jocularly observed, that it wpidd
be.«well9 perhaps, for all kings if they had to come
through such a fiery ordeal as he was now endur-
ing. They soon after sat down to dinner. Miss
MacDonald on his iight hand and Lady Clannoi-
ald on his left. A small shallop had been pra-
viously made ready, and was now floating near the
shore.

The party was soon after informed by a mes-
senger, that General Campbell, with a great party
of soldiers, had arrived at Ormaclade, in quest of
Charles. Lady Clanranald judged it pn^er to
go home, to amuse them. The commanding offi-
cer examined her very strictly; but she readily
excused herself, by the pretext that dbe had been
visiting a sick child. She was afterwards taken

THE LONG ISLAND* 157

into custody, along with her husband ; and both
paid for their kindness to the Prince by a long
confinement at^ London.

Soon after she had left the Prince,, he and his
company were dreadfully alarmed by seeing four
wherries, full of armed men, sailing along close by
the shore. .They instantly extinguished a fire of heath
and sticks which they had lighted to warm them-
selyes, and sought concealment behind the rocks
of the beach. The boats sailed past within mus-
ket-shot, without the sailors haying perceived
them.

It was on the evening of Friday, the 28th of
June^ that Charles set ssul from the Long Island,
where, during the last two months, he had encoun-
tered so many risks. He was dressed in ^ttire
suitable to his character as an Irish serving-girl —
namely, a coarse printed gown, a- light-coloured
quilted petticoat, and a mantle of dun.camblet,
made in the Irish fashion, with a hood. His cir-
cumstances had rendered it necessary, some time
before, that he should part with his faithful friends, -
Sullivan, G*Neal, Edward Burke, and Donald Mac-
Leod ; and, when he now embarked for Skye, he was
only accompanied by Miss MacDonald, and a person
named Neil MacEachan, neither of whom he had
ever seen a week before. It is worthy of remark, -
that the last-mentioned person, who passed for
Miss MacDcmald's servant, but who was in reality
a sort of preceptor in the family of Clanranald,
was the father of Marshal MacDonald, Duke of
Tarentum, so much distinguished for military ac-
chievement and honourable bearing during the wars
of Bonaparte. ^

158 Charles's wAMDKRi9ios«-*-sitVEJ

CHAPTER X.
Charles's waitderings— skte.

Far over yon hiUs of Hhe heatiier ao green.

And down by the oorrie that sings to the sea^
The lovely young Flora sat sighing her lane,

The dew on her plaid, and the tear in her ee.
She looked at a boat widi the breezes that swung;

AwAy on the wave like a bitd of the mam,
And, aye as it lessened, she sighed and she sung^

« Fareweel to the lad I shall ne*er see acain.
Fareweel to my hero, the gallant and good,

Farewedi to the lad I flhall ne*er see again ! "

Jacobite Song^

The weather oontiiiiied fair tiU they had got ae-
teial leagues from shoiey wheii it became some-
what tempestaom. Es^KMed in an open boat
to the cold night air, at the mercy of a ng-
ing sea, and at the same time haunted by the
fear of man's more deadly hostility-*— the sen-
sations of the little party cannot be supposed to
have been very agreeable. Charles conld not help
Iwrceiring the mieasiness of his attendanta; and,
anzions to compensate, by all the means in his
power, for the pain which he oecasimied to them, he
endeavoured to sustain their spirits by singing and
talking. He sung the lively old song^ entitled

CHARLESES WANDERINGS— 8X.YB. 159

^ The Re8t<»adon ;" and told some playful stcoriesy
which yielded them considerahle amosement.

When day dawned, they found themaelves 8ur-
ronnded by a shoreless sea, without any means of
determining in what part of the Hebrides they
were. They sailed, however, but a little way farther,
when they perceived the lofty mountains and dark
bold headlands of Skye. Making with all speed
towards that coast, they soon fomid themselves
off Watemish, the western point of the island.
Here an adventure occurred > which had nearly
proved the destruction of the Prince, and which
ran nigh to involve the whole party in one dread-
ful fate. They had no sooner drawn near to the
shore, than they perceived it become covered with
a body of armed men, all of them clad in the san*
gnine garments which betokened such d^Bidly dan-
ger to the princely fugitive. . The boat W9s within
shot of these men, before they were observed.
When the boatmen at length perceived them,. they
lost no time in changing the direction of their
oars.* The soldiers called upon them to land, upon
peril of being shot at ; but it was resolved to escape
at all risks, and they exerted their utmost energies
in pulling off their little vessel. The SQldieirs ^en
put their threat in execution, by discharging a vol-
ley, the bails of which struck the water in every
direction around, though fortunately without hit-
ting the boat or any of its crew. The whole of
the party, not excepting either the royal or the
female individual, displayed a high degree of forti-
tude on this trying occasion. Charles at first
called upon the boatmen " not to mind the vil-
lains, ** for so he twmed the soldiers ; and they
assured him, that, if they^^cared at all, it was only

160 CHARLBS'S WAKDIRIKOS— 6KTB.

for him; to which he replied^ with andaanted
fightnesB of demeanour, ^' Oh, no fear of me I**
He then entreated Miss MacDonald to Ue down
at the bottom of the boat, in order to avoid the
bullets; as nothing, he said, would give him i^
that moment greater, pain than if any acekleni
were to be&ll her. The truly noble woman whom
he addressed, instead of obeying his wishes, de«
dared that she was here with a purpose to sare
bis life, and not to take care of her own — ^Ibat she
Would consider herself degraded if the were to
use any measure for her own safety, while the
person of her prmce was exposed ;— -and she en-
treated that be would take care of a life which
was BO much more valuable than hers, by occupy-
ing the place of security which .he had pointed
out to her. Charles was astonished at the em*
thivagant heroism of his conductress, and proceed-
ed to use still more urgent entreaties, as the bnl"
lets were every moment coming in greater num-
bers from the shore. But she gave a decided ne-
gative to all that he could urge ; and he only at
last prevailed upon her to take the measure of
safety whidi he suggested, by freeing to lie down
akmg with her. The matter thus compromised,
they ensconced lliemselves together in the bottom
^ tfke boat ; and the rowers soon pulled them out
of all furfjier danger. ^^

When once more fairly out to sea, and in some
measure recovered from this alarm. Miss Mae-
Donald, overcome with the watchftdness and an-
xiety of the night, fell asleep upon the bottom of
^ boat. Charles had previously rendered the
kindest attentions to his amiable presorer, re-
huang to partake of a small quantity of wine which

CBARLES'b WJlMDBRING8<^8KYC. 161

Lady Clanranald had brought to him befort em*
barkuig, upon the plea that it should be resrared
for her, both on account of her sex, and the ex-
traordinary hardships she was undergoing. He
now sat down beside her, and watched with ten*
der and anxious regard, lest the boatmen should
happen to disturb her in the course of their awk-
ward eyolutions.

In the eagerness of Duke William's emissaries
to take Charles upon the Long Island, where they
had certain information he was, Skye, on whicli
the Prince was now about to land, and which is
at least sixty miles distant from that remote clustei
of isles, was left comparatively unwatched. It^ is
true, the MacDonalds and MacLeods, who chief-
ly possessed Skye, had remained well-afiected to
Government, and now formed a sort of militia
for the ostensible purpose of capturing the great
public enemy. But Sir Alexander MacDonald
and the Laird of MacLeod, chiefs of the twQ
clans, were in secret friendly to the ChevaHer^
having only refrained from joinii^ him for pruden-
tial reasons, and would have been now very «ih
willing to injure him. The whole clans of amtm
took their cue from the chiefe, and were equally
inclined to be passive. There were only serend
troops of regular infantry upon the island, from
whom any hiu-m could be apprehended ; and theyi
fortunately, were not very vigilant.

Proceeding to Kilbride, near the northern exi
tremity of the island, the little party landed at a
short distance from Moydhstat, or Mugstat, the
seat of Sir Alexander MacDonald. Sir Alexandiw
himself was known to be absent, in att^ddaace
iipon the Duke of Cumberland ; but Flora had

162 Charles's wAKDEaiHCs— ^kys.

takea care, before leaving Uist, to i^prise Ins
kidy» by means of a friend named Mrs Mac-
Donald, of her visit and its purpose. She, now,
therefore, went forward to the house, along widi
Charles and Mr MacEachan, in fall hope of meet-
with a faTonrable reception. *

Lady Margaret MacDonald, to whose honour
the Prince's life was now to be intrusted, was the
daughter of Alexander Earl of Eglintoune, an nn-
avowed Jacobite, and of Susanna, daughter of Sir
Archibald Kennedy of Colzean, who had ranked
among the most violent cavaliers of the preceding
age. Descended from friends of the Exiled Fa-
mily, and married to a chieftain who was every
thing but an active partisan ; educated in High
Church prindples, and possessed of an honourable
and exalted mind ; she could not fail to befriend
the unfortunate wanderer who had now come to
her shores. It was fortunate that her Ladyship
possessed talent and presence of mind sufficient to
second her predilections and benevolence.
. Leaving Charles alone at a safe place in the
neighbourhood of Moydhstat, his heroic, conduc-
tress went forward to the house, with MacEachan,
to reconnoitre, and apprise Lady Margaret of his
arrival. Tliis precaution proved to have been ab-
solutely necessary, for there were several British
officers in the house with her ladyship, belonging
to the parties left to patrole the island. Miss
MacDonald, with an exertion of presence of mind
which reflects the highest credit upon her, went
into the room where these officers were sitting,
and conversed with them about the news of the
day, and the professed object of her journey.

CBAKLESS WANDERINGS— >S RYE. 16S

She had preidouBly consulted with Lady Mar-
garety regarding the disposal of the Prince ; and
her Ladyship had determined upon sending him
to the neighbouring isle of Raasay, the laird of
which was there in hiding with some select
friends, in whose company the Prince would be
quite safe.

Lady Margaret, being obliged to remain at home
for the entertainment of her military guests, was
obliged to depute Mr MacDonald of Kingsburgh,
-Sir Alexander 8 factor, who happened to be in the
boose, to receive and take charge of the Prince.
Kingsburgh, who, like all the factors of great
•Highland families, was a gentleman, and one of
the best of the clan, displayed the greatest anxiety
to render his semces in so good a cause, and pro-
mised to conduct Charles to his own house of
Kingsburgh, which is about a dozen miles from
Moydhstat. He therefore went out to the hill
where Charles had been left, carrying some wine
and provisions for his refreshment. Though he
had Ij^n apprised by Miss MacDonald of the ex-
nct place where the adventurer was left, he could
not find him for a considerable lime, and began to
fear that some unhappy accident had befallen him.
At length, perceiving some sheep make a sudden
start at a particular part of the shore, and rightly
judging the cause, he made towards that place,
and on approaching it gave a cough, which caused
the object of his search to start out of his conceal-
ment. On perceiving the old gentleman, Charles
rushed forward, with a large knotted stick in his
hand, as if ready to knock him down ; but, on
learning who the intruder was, and for what pur-
pose he had been sent, his Royal Highness at once
VOL. II. . o '

164 CHABLSa's WANDBSINOft— nCTB.

changed his threftteniiig attitude for one ef tfce
blandest friendship. Kingeborgh then prodnoad
his provisions, of which Charles partook Willi great
avidity, having ate nothing for many hours. They
soon after set forward together towards Eangs-
bnrgh.

After having dined with Lady Margaret and the
oflieere, ' and when the Prince and Kingahmgh
could be supposed to have got a considerable cfii-
tance from the honse, Miss MacDonald rose to de-
part. Lady Maigaret affected great conc^n at her
short stay, and entreated that she wonld prolong
It at least till next day ; reminding her that, when
last at MoydhstBt, she had promised a mudi longer
visit. Flora on the other hand pleaded the neees*
eity of getting immediately home to attend her
mother, who was nnwell, and entirdy alone in
these troublesome times. After a proper recipro-
cation of entreaties and refusals. Lady Mairgaret,
with great apparent reluctance, permitted her yoong
friend to depart.

Miss MacDonald and M^ MacEadian wene ac-
companied in their journey by the lady (Mire Mac-
Donald) whom she had despatched as an avaat-
courier to Moydshtat, and by the male and female
eervant of Uiat gentlewoman. All the five rode
on horseback. They soon came up with KingS'
burgh and the Prince, who had walked thus ftr en
the public road, but were soon after to tnm olf
upon an unfrequented path across the wild country.
Rora, anxious that her fellow-traveller's servants,
who were uninitiated in the secret, should not see the
route which Kingsburgh and the Prmee were about
to take, called upon the party to ride faster ; and
they passed the two pedestrians ata trot. Mm

CHABUW'S WAllI>BRlNG«-«-SKYE. 165

MiieD<NBB2cl s girly howeyer, could act help ob-
aarving the eztmordinary i^pearance of the female
with whom Kingsbmgh was walking, and exclaim*
ed, that she " had never seen snch a tall impud^dt-
like jaud in her life I See> *' she continued, ad-
dressing Flora, ^ what lang strides she taks, and
how her coats wamble about her I I daur say she s
aa Irish woman, or else a man in woman's clothes."
flora confirmed her in the former supposition, and
soon after parted with her feUow-travellers.

Kiogsburgh and the Prince, in walking along
the road, were at first a good deal annoyed by the
number of country people whom they met retun^
ing from church, and who all expressed wonder at
the preternatural height and awkwardness oi the
apparent female. In crossing a stream which tra-
Tersed the road, Charles held up lus petticoats in-
delicately high, to save them from being wet.
Kingsburgh pointed out, that, by doing so, he
must exdte strange suspicions among those who
should happen to see him ; and his Royal High-
ness promised to take better care on the next oc-
casion. Accordingly, in crossing another stream,
he permitted his skirts to hang down and float
upon the water. Kingsburgh again represented
that this mode was as hikely as the other to attract
diuigreeable observation ; and the Prince could not
help laughing at the difficulty of adjusting this
trifling, and yet important matter. His conductor
further observed that, instead of returning the
obeisance which the country made to them in
passing, by a curtesy, his Royal Highness made a
bow, and also that, in some other gestures and at-
titudes of person, he completely forgot the lady,
and asswoed the wan. " Your enemies, " re-

166 Charles's WANDSRiiiGS — skye.

marked KingBburgh, " call you a pretender ; but,
if you be, I can tell you, you are the wont att
your trade I ever saw.'* " Why," replied Charles,
laughing, *< I believe my enemies do me as much
injustice in this as in some other and more import-
ant particulars. I have all my life despised as-
sumed characters, and am perhaps the worst dis-
simulator in the world. " Tlie whole party,
Charles, Kingsbui^h, and Miss MacDonald, ar*
rived in safety at Kingsburgh House, about eleyen
at night.

The House of Kingsburgh was not at this time
in the best possible case for entertaining guests ef
distinction ; and, to add to the distress of the oc-
casion, all the inmates had long been gone to bed.
The old gentleman, however, lost no time in put-'
ting matters in proper trim for the production of
a supper to the party. He introduced Charlev
into the hall, and sent a servant up stairs to rouse
his lady. Lady Kingsburgh, on being informed of
her husband's arrival, with guests, did not choose
to rise, but contented herself with sending down
an apology for her non-appearance, and a request
that they would help themselves to whatever was
in the house. She had scai'cely despatched the
servant, when her daughter, a girl of seven years,
came running up to her bed-side, and informed
her, with many expressions of childish surprise,
that her fiather had brought home the most '^ odd,
muckle, ill-shaken-up wife she had ever seen, —
and brought her into the hall too I " Kingsburgh
himself immediately came up, and desired her to
lose no time in rising, as her presence was abso-
lutely necessary for the entertainment of his fellow-
i^ravellers. She wasnow truly roused, an^ even al-

CHARLES*^ vrANDERIKGS— SKTX. 167

armed ; the mysteriom sententiousness of her hus-
band suggesting to her that he had taken nnder hb
protection some of the proflcribed fngitives who
tvere then known to be skulking in the country.

As she was putting on her clothes, she sent
her daughter down stairs for her keys, which she
remembered to have left in the hidl. The giri,
however, came back inunediately, declaring, with
maricB of the greatest alarm, that she could not go
hito the hall for fear of the tall woman, who was
walking backwards and forwards through it, in a
manner, she said, perfectly frightful. Lady Kings-
bnigh then went down herself, but could not help
hesitating, when she came to the door, at sight of
ibis mysterious stranger. Kingsburgh coming up^
she desired him to go in for the keys ; but he bade,
her go in herself ; and, after some farther demur,
in at last she went.

On her ladyship entering, Chaiies ivse up from
a seat which he had taken at the end of the hall^
and advanced to salute her. Her apprehendom
were now confirmed beyond a doubt ; for, in per-*
forming the ceremony which was then so indis-
pensable at the introduction of gentlemen to la^
diee, she felt the roughness of a male cheek ; and
aneh were her feelings at the discovery, ihat she
almost finnted away. Not a word passed between
her and the unfortunate stranger. When she got
out of ihe hall, she eagerly made up to Kings'
burgh, and disclosed to him all her suspicions^
She did not upbraid her husband for having been
80 imprudent, but, on the contrary, asked if Ih?
thought the stranger would know any thing re^'
garding the Prince* Kingsbnr^ then took hia

. o2

168 CHAKLE8*8 WANDERINGS — SKtK.

wife's hands into his own, and said serionslyf
" My dear, this is the Prince himself. " She
conld not restrain hear alarm when he prononnced
thes^ emphatic words, but exclaimed, ** Tlie
Prince I — ^then we'll be a* hanged noo ! " Kings-
burgh replied, " Hont tont, we can die but once

conld we ever die in a better cause ? We are

only doing an act of humanity, which any body
might do. Go, " he added, " and make haste
with supper for his Royal Highness. Bring us
^gs, butter, cheese, and whatever else you can
quickly make ready." " EggSy butter, and cheese I "
repeated Mrs MacDonald, alarmed upon a new
but not less interesting score — the honour of her
housewifeship ; " what a supper is that for a
prince— hell never look at it 1 " " Ah, my good
wife, " replied Kingsbui^h, " you little know how
this poor Prince has fared of late I Our supper
will be a treat to him. Besides, to make a for-
mal supper, would cause the servants to suspect
something. Make haste, and come to supper
yourself. " Lady Kingsburgh was almost as much
alarmed at her husband's last expression as she had
been about her provisions. ** Me come to sup-
per I " she exclaimed, ^^ I ken naething about how
to behave before Majesty 1 " " But you must
come, " Kingsbm^h replied ; " the Prince would
not eat a bit without you ; and you'll find it no
difficult matter to behave before him*-he is so
easy and obliging in conversation. "

Supper being accordingly soon alter prepared,
and Miss Flora MacDonaJd introduced, Charles,
who had always paid the most respectful att^-
ticms to that young lady^^rising.up whenever she^
entered the room, and giving her the pas in all

CRARLISS S WANDBRINGS— SKY£. 169

Matters of precedence — ^placed her upon his right
hand, and Lady Kingsbni^h on his left. He ate
very heartily, and afterwards drank a bumper of
brandy to llie health and prosperity of his land-
lord. When his repast was finished, and the la-
dies had retired, he took out a little black stunted
tobacco-pipe which he carried about with him, and
which, among his companions, went by the^ name
of ** the cutty ; *' and proceeded to take a smoke ;
informing IGn^sburgh that he had been obliged to
hare recourse to that exercise, during his wander-
ings, on account of a toothach which occasionally
afflicted him. Kingsburgh then produced a small
duna punch-bowl, and, in Scottish fashion, made
up, with usquebaugh, hot water, and sugar, the ce-
lebrated composition called toddy ; dealing it out
to Charles and himself in glasses. His Royal
Highness was pleased to express himself perfectly
deUghted with this beverage, and soon, with Kings-
burgh's assistance, emptied the little bowl ; after
which it was again filled. The two friends, un-
equal in rank, but united in common feelings,
tdked orer their drink in a style so familiar, so
kindly, and so much to the satisfaction of each
Other, that they did not observe the lapse of time ;
and it was an hour not the earliest in the morning
ere either talked of retiring. It might have been
expected that Charles, from fiitigue, and from a
wish to enjoy once more the comforts of a good
bed, to which he had been so long a stranger,-
would have been the first to {Mropose this measure.
On the contrary, Kingsburgh had to perform the
disagreeable duty of ^breaking up the company.-
Afteor th^y hfui emptied. the bowl several times,'
and when he himself was become anxious for re-

170 CHABLtt's WAMbBBINGS-^aKlTB.

poM» he thoogbt it neeenary to hint to the Pnaei^
that, as he would require to he up and away aa
aoon as possible to-morrowy he had better now ge
to .bed, in order that he might enjoy a pn^per
quantity of sleep. To his surprise, Chavks was
by no means anxious for rest. On the contrary,
he insisted upon '< another bowl," that they mi^it,
as he said, £^i^ their conversation. KingBb«ir|^
vailed Ids feelings as a host, so &r as to rehise ^k
request, urging that it was absolutely neoeaaaiy
diat Ids Royal Highness should retire, for the raa-
son he had stated. Charles as eagerly preaeed
the necessity of more drink; and, after some
good-humoured altercation, when Kingsbuigh took
away the bowl, to put it by, his Royal Hi^meas
rose to detain it ; and a struggle ensued, in whieb
the little vessel broke into two pieces, Charies
retaining one in his huids, and Kingsbui^ held*
ing the other. The plea was thus put at an
end ; and the Prince no longer objected to go to
bed.^

After having retif ed from the supper-tabl^ Ijady
Eingsburg^ desired Miss Fkira to relate the ad-
ventures in which she had been cmcenied wilii
his Royal Highness. At the termination of the
zedtal, her ladyship inquired what had been done
with the boatmen who iMrought them to Skye^
Miss MacDonald said they had been sent badL to
South Uist Lady Kingsburgh observed that they
ought not to have been permitted to return imme*
diately, lest, falling into the hands of the Prince's
«iendes in that ieJand, they might divulge the se-
cret of his route. Her conjecture, whidi tamed
out to have been correct though hi^ptly witheok

Charles's wandehinos — skyb. 171

being attended wHh eyil conseqiiiences, determin-
ed FlfHU to change the Prince's clothes next day.
So much did Charles enjoy the norel pleasure
of a good hed, that, though he seldom during his^
dntresses slept above four hours, he on this occa*
sion slept about ten, not awaking till roused, at
one o'clock next day, by his kind landlord. Kings-
borgh inquiring, like a good host, how he had re-
posed, the Prince answered that he had never en-
jeyed a more agreeable, or a longer sleep, in his
Hfe. . He had almost forgot, he said, what a good
bed was. Kingsbuigh be^ed leave to tell hitf
Royal Highness, that it was full time to think of
a&other march. It would be proper, he continued,
fcnr him to go away in the same dress which he
wore when he entered the house, in order to avoid
raising suspicions among the servants ; but, as the
rumour of his disguise might have taken air, il^
would be advisable to assume another garb by
the earliest convenience. The only reformation
he thought it would be allowable to make in his
habiliments at present, was a change of shoes,
those whidi the Prince had brought with him being'
worn so much that his toes protruded through
them* Ejngsburgh happened to have a pair in
the house which he had never worn, and those he'
provided for the accommodation of his Royal
Highness. When Charles had shifted the old for
the new, Kingsburgh took up the former, tied
them together, and hung them up in a comer of
his house, observing, that they might yet stand him
m good stead. Charles asked him what he meant
by that ; and the old man replied, " Why, when
you are fairly settled at St James's, I shall intro-
duce myself by shaking these shoes at you, to put

17t COAKLXS'S WASBIEniGS— SKn.

yMi in wnad of year nigiht'fl g nlg t iimwrnrt^ wmd
praiectioii mder my looJL" Cbailn noailed «l
tfaeconeeikof the good old gpndfiMn, and badt
him be as good m his wwd. E J agri mq^ ae^
cofdiii^y kqpi these stnuBgerdios of huioyal vin-
ter as kog as he liyed. Afier his deaths and
whea all prospect of Chaifes's lestoiation to St
JaoMs's wasgimey his funily pennitted ihem to he
cat to pieces, and dispersed among, their friendb
It is the recoUectiaii of his great graod-daaghter,
that Jacobite Uidies often took away the pieow
theygoty in their bosimis.

When the Prince had dressed himself as well at
he conldt the ladies went into his chamber, to pat
on hb apron, and pin his gown and easp* Before
Fkm pnt on the cap. Lady Kingsburi^ leqaested
her in Gaelic to ask for a leek of his Royal Hig^
ness's hair* Flora, from baahfolness, desired bar
ladydiip in the same langoage to prder the peti-
tion herself. Charles obsored their ddiate, and in-
qnired its object, which was no sooner ezplahied
to him than he laid down his head npen the by
of bis yoong condnctress, and told her to cat off aa
mnch as she chose. Flora severed a lock, the
half of which she gave to Lady Kingsbnigb, anulthe
other half retained for herself.

The Prince being now dressed, and having taken
bis breakfast, addressed himself to his departare»
He bad observed that Lady Kingsbmgb, like most
ladies of birth and fashion of her time, took snnff ;
and, on approaching her to take his leave, be ask-
ed to have '* a pinch from her mall. " The good
lady took that opportunity of presenting the box
to bis Royal Highness, as << a keepsake.'* He
Mscepted it with many thanksi rendering at th»

CUAULEB'b WAWDSEINGS—iSKTK. 17ft

Huoie tine his wumcBt admowledgnente of tiie
kindnns whk which he had been treated under
her ladyi^i^'s roof. After he had taken a tender
teewelly ahe went np stairs to his bedroom, and
folded the sheets in which he had lain, declaring
tint they should neter again be washed or nsed|^
^ her death, when they should be employed as
her windingHsheet. She was afterwards induced
to divide this raluable memorial of her distinguish-
ed guest, with tiie amiable Flora, who, it may be
menti^ed, many yean afterwards, carried her
moiety of it to America. In the course of her
strangely adrentnrous life, and, though often re-
duced to situations of the greatest distress by the
Tepnblican insurgMnts, she neyer parted with it tiH
the day of her death, when her body was wrapped
in its precious folds, and consigned with it to
the grave.

Charles had already debated with Kingsbuigh
•what course it would be advisable for him next to
pursue ; and a resolution had been made, that he
^ould endearour to get over to the adjacent Isle
of Raasay, in order to throw himself upon the
proleetion of the proprietor, who was understood
*to be skuHdng there for his concern in the insur-
rection. The Laird of Raasay was one of the few
gentlemen of the name of MacLeod who had join-
«d Charies ; and as he was, m^veover, a man of
iJie purest honour, the course proposed seemed
extremely eligible. Kingsburgh had already taken
measures to get his guest conveyed across the nar-
row sound which divides Skye from Raasay. Ear-
ly in the forenoon, he had despatched a ftuthM
servant named Donald Roy, or MacDonald, to a
place not far distant, where lived the young Laird

174 CHARLEb'9 WANDEKXHdSrr^KYE.

of Raasay, a genileiBa& wbo» having remaSiied al
liome in possession of the estate^ was not aubjeci
to the unh^py proscription which had overtaken
his father. Donald Roy was empowered to dis-
close the Prince 6 secret to young Raasay, and beg
his assistance in getting his Royal Highness trans-
ported over to his father s hiding-place.

Charles therefore set out from Kingsbw^h,
with the intention of walking to Portree, a little
town opposite Raasay, about ten or twelve miles
distant, where he had the cheerful pro^»ect of
£nding a boat ready to convey him to that island.
He was accompanied by his faithful friends. Flora
and Kingsburgn ; the last carrying under his ana
a suit of male Highland attire for his Royal High-
ness s use. When tbey had got to a conmderable
distance from the house, Kingsbui^h conducted
the Prince into a wood, and assisted him in chaagr
ing his clothes. The suit which he now put on,
consisted, as usual, of a short coat and waistcoat,
a philabeg and short hose, a plaid, a wig, and a
bonnet. Kingsbui^h hid his cast-off garments in
a bush, designing to call for them in returning
from Portree. That they might not tell against
him, in case of a call from the military, he after-
wards conveyed them to his house, and burnt the
whole, except the gown. The preservation of the
gown was owing to his daughter, who insisted upon
keeping it as a relic of their Prince, and bectuue
it was a pretty pattern. It was a stamped linen
or cotton gown, with a purple flower upon a white
ground. A Jacobite manufacturer of the name
of^Carmichael, at Leith, afterwards got a pattern
made from it, and sold an immense quantity of
cloth, precisely similar in appearance, to the lo3ral
ladies of Scotland.

Charles's wamderingiS — skyb. 175

When Doinld Roy made application to young
Raasay, he was mortified by the information, that
old Raasay had left his hiding-place upon the
isl^d, and gone to Knoydart, a part of Glen*
gary's estate, upon the Mainland. The young
gentleman, however, though he had been reserved
from the insurrection for the purpose of saving the
estate, was as well affected to the Chevalier as
either his father or his younger brothers, who led
out the clan, and instantly proposed to conduct the
Wanderer to Raasay, where he could at least re-
main conceaJea till the old gentleman's advice
night be obtained for further procedure. Donald
approved. of the plan; but the difficulty was, how
to get a boat. They could not trust a Portree
crew, and all the Raasay boats had been destroy-
ed or carried off by the military, except two, be-
longing to Malcolm MacLeod, a cousin of young
Raasay, which he had somewhere concealed.

There was at that time in the same house with
young Raasay, a younger brother, named Mur-
doch MacLeod, who had been wounded at the
battle of CuUoden, and was here slowly recover-
ing* Murdoch, being informed of the business in
hand, said he would once more risk his life for
IMnce Charles ; and, it having occurred, that there
was a little boat upon a fresh-water lake in the
neighbourhood, he, with his brother, and some
women, brought it to the sea, by extraprdmary
exertion, across a Highland mile of land, one half
<>f which was bog, and the other a steep precipice.
The gallant brokers, with the assistance of one
little boy, rowed this to Raasay, where they hoped
to find Malcolm MacLeod, and get one of his

VOL. II. p

176 CHARLB8*8 WAKDERINOS — SKY8.

g^ood boats, with wMdi they might retnm to
Portree and receive the Wanderer ; or, in case of
not finding him, they were to make the small
boat senre, though the danger was considerable.

Malcolm MacLeod, who was soon to act a con-
spicuous part in the deliverance of the Prince,
had been a captain in his service, and fought at
the battle of Culloden. Being easily found by
his cousins, he lost no time in producing one of
his boats, which he succeeded in manning with
two stout boatmen, named John MacKenzie and
Donald MacFriar. Malcolm, being the oldest
and most cautious man of the party, suggested
that, as yoimg Kaasay was hitherto a clear toaOf
he should not on the present occasion run any
risk; but that he himself and Murdoch, who
were already as black as they could be, should
alone conduct the expedition. Young Raasay
answered, with an oath, that he would go at the
risk of his life and fortune. ^ In God's n«ne,
then,** said Malcolm, « let us proceed." Tlie
two boatmen, however, tiow stopped short, and
refused to move, till they should be informed
of their destination. They were sworn to secrecy,
and made acquainted with not only the extent of
their voyage, but also its object ; after which, they
expressed the utmost eagerness to proceed.

The boat soon crossed the naiTow sound whidi
divides Raasay from Skye, and, being landed about
half a mile from the harbour of Portree, Mal-
colm and MacFriar were despatched to look for
Prince Charles, who had by this time advanced,
with Kingsbuigh and Miss Flora MacDonald, to
the little inn at Portree. Donald Roy eflbcted a

Charles's wakdbrings-— 8ktb« 177

meeting between the two parties ; and it was re-
solved that Charles should immediately embarlu
Before leaving the inn to do so, Charles asked the
landlord to have silver for a guinea ; and, on it
appearing that there was only thirteen shillings of
silver to be fomid in all Portree, his Royal High*
ness was about to accept that sum in exchange for
his gold ; when Donald judiciously prevented him,
on the plea that such an extraordinary symptom
of indifference to money woidd point him out as
a great man, and perhaps occasion his destruction.
Nothing, therefore, now remained to be done in
Skye, but to take leave of the two faithful friends
to whom he had been so much indebted during
his stay upon the island. Kingsburgh professed
his resolution to accompany him to the boat, but
it was thought proper that he should part with
Miss flora MacDonald at the inn. He could not,
without much agitation, bid farewell to that young
lady, whose whole conduct, during the three days
of their acquaintance, had been marked with so
much heroism and generous affection, and who^
indeed, must have not only made the strongest im-r
pression upon his heart, but exalted his opinion of
her sex, and of human nature. He embraced her
in the tenderest manner, thanked her for her ex*
traordinary services, and concluded by presenting
to her a miniature of himself, which he desired
that she would ever keep for his sake. ^

He was then conducted towards the boat, in
which young Raasay and his -brother were at this
time waiting with the greatest anxiety. Before
going on board, he turned to take leave of hb re*
maining friend, the generous Kingsburgh. He
threw his arms round the neck of this excellent

178 Charles's wanderings— sk ye.

old gentleman, thanked him wannly^or his vala-
able services, and, reminding him of the pleasantry
about the^- shoes, expressed a hope that they should
yet meet to drhik a festive cup in the palace of
the Kings of England. Tears fell from the eyes
of both, as they closed in a parting embrace ; and
the Prince was so much affected, that his nose
gushed with blood. Kingsbnrgh expressed alarm
at so singular a mark of sensibility, but Charles
assured him it never failed to happen when he
parted with dear friends. . In expressing his thanks
to the old gentleman, he said that he only wished
he could have a MacDonald to go through with
him all the way ; it being impossible for him to
find greater kindness, or more fidelity, among any
other clan in the wide world.

When he entered the boat, and the names of all
the individuals composing the crew, including
young Raasay, were announced to him, he would
not permit the usual ceremonies of respect, but
saluted them^as his equals. It was evening when
Charles left Portree ; * a haven which derives its
name from having been touched at^by King James
the Fifth, during his celebrated tour through the
Western Isles ; and it may be supposed that the
contrast between his great-great-great-great grand-
father s pomp on that occasion, and his own pre-
sent humble state, must have afforded the unfor-
tunate Prince matter for the most painful reflec-
tions. He slept a little on the passage to Raasay,
and, after a voyage of ten miles, landed, about
daybreak on the 1st of July, at a place called
Glam. As almost all the houses in Raasay had
been burnt by the soldiery, and as some were not

CHARLESES WAKDSRIM6S«--SKYS. 179

eligible as places of concealment, it was not with-
OHt difficulty that the Prince was accommodated*
A resolution was at length made, that the whole
company should lodge in a little hovel which some
shepherds had lately built, though it could afford
them absolutely nothing but shelter from the open
air. Bundles and beds of heath being strewed
upon the ground, they sat down to a meal com-
posed of provisions which had been sent along
with the Pnnce from Kingsburgh. It was ob-
sierved, with delight, by the Highlanders, that
Charles would .not eat wheaten bread or drink
brandy, so long as there remained any oat-bread
or whisky, which he enraptured them by terming
^ his own country bread and drink. "

Though there were no parties of military upon
Raasay, and although ,all the inhabitants were weU-*
affected, it was thought proper by Charles's at*
tendants to use the utmost caution. Watches
were established upon the tops of all the neigh-
bouring heights, and o^ one of the party appeared
in public except young Raasay, who was, as ■1-'
ready mentioned, a clear man. Donald Roy be-
ing stationed upon Skye, to give intelligence in
case of any annoyance from that quarter, the
Prince might have almost considered himself se^
cure upon Uiis wild and secluded island. Laying
the wretchedness of his lodging out of the ques-
tion, he might also be esteemed as by no means in
the worst possible predicament as to living. Young
Raasay was in the midst of his own flocks, and had
only to use insidious means, to procure his Royal
Highness, and the whole party, plenty of fresk

provisions.

180 Charles's wakderings — skye.

The Prince's bed of state was here one made,
in the primitive Highland fashion, of heather, with
the stalks upright, and the bloom uppermost. He
enjoyed long, but not unbroken slumbers ; often
starting, and giving unconscious expression to the
feelings and imagery of his dreams. Malcolm
MacLeod, who watched him on these occasions, in-
formed Mr BosweU, that his half-suppressed ex-
clamations were sometimes in French, sometime^
in Italian, and occasionally in English ; though the
ingenious tourist could not help questioning Mal-
colm's ability to distinguish at least two of these
tongues. One of his expressions in English was,
" Oh God, poor Scotland I " his mind having pro-
bably been then engaged in lamenting the military
tyranny, by which, in consequence of his unfortu-
nate enterprise, a great part of the nation was then
so bitterly agonized.

The only stranger, besides the Prince, then
known to be upon the island of Raasay, and of
course the only person from whom they appre-
hended particular danger, was a man who had
come about a fortnight before for the ostensible
pui*pose of selling a roll of tobacco. Hie tobacco
had been long sold, and yet the man wandered
about, apparently reluctant to quit the island.
Nobody knew any thing about him, and he was
suspected to be a spy. One day, John MacKen-
zie came running down from the place where he
had been watching, with the alaiming intelligence
that this mysterious individual was approaching the
hut. The three gentlemen who attended the
Prince, yQung Raasay, Murdoch MacLeod, and
Malcolm, immediately held a council of war upon

Charles's WANDERiNGs-^fiKYC. 181

tlie subject, the result of whieh was, that the man
should be put to death without ceremony. The
mind of Charles shrunk with horror from a propo-
1^, which, though involying no violation of hu-
manity according to the ancient Highland code,
cieemed cruel ia the extreme to a person who bad
been educated in a climate where life was held in
greater estimation. Assuming a grave, timd even
severe countenance, he said. '' God forbid that we
should take away a man s life who may be inno-
cent, while we can preserve our own* " The gen-
tlemen, however^ persisted in their resolution,
while he as strenuously continued to take the mer-
ciful side. In the midst of the debate, John Mac-
Kenzie, the watchman, who sat at the door of the
hut, said in Erse, '^ He must be shot :--^you are
the king ; but we are the parliament, and will do
what we choose. " Charles, seeing his friends
smile, asked what the man Jbad said ; which being
reported to him in English, he observed that he
was a clever fellow, and, notwithstanding the peri-
lous situation he was in, laughed loud and heiorti-
ly. ^ Fortunately, the imknown person walked
past without perceiving that there were people in
the hut. Midcolm MacLeod afterwards declared
lliat,' had' he stopped or come forward, they were
resolved to despatch him ; that he would have done
so himself, although the victim had been his own
brother! Dougal Graham, indeed, reports that
young Raasay bad his pistol ready-cocked for the
purpose.

• After a residence of two days and a half upon
^e island of Raasay, ^ informing his friends that
he did not think it advisable ever to remain long
in one place, and that he had hopes of finding a

182 Charles's wanderings — skye-

Fiench slup at Skye, he desired to be conveyed
back to that island. The whole party accordingly
aet sail, on tlie evening of the 3d of Jnly, in the
same open J>oat which had brought them oyer to
Raasay. Before they had proceeded far, the wind
began to blow hard^ and to drive so much sea-
water into their vessel) that they begged to return,
and wait a more fikvoiuable opportunity. But the
Frinee insisted npon proceecUng, in spite of every
danger; exclaiming that Providence bad not
brought him through so many perilous chances to
end his life in this simple manner at last. To
encourage them, he sung a lively Erse song;
being now pretty well acquainted with that lan-
guage. They continued their voyage, notwith-
standing the water came into the boat in such quan-
tities, as to require the utmost exerticms of Mal-
colm to keep it from sinking them. After a
rough voyage of about fifteen miles, they landed
safe, about eleven o'clock at night, at a place cal-
led Nicholson's Great Rock, near Scorobreck in
Trotemish, Isle of Skye. There being no con-
Y^uient landing-place, the party had to jump out
into the surf, and haul the boat ashore ; Charles
who was already drenched to the skin, and encum-
bered with a large great coat, was the third man
to fling himself into the sea for this purpose.

After disembarking on this difficult and inhos-
pitable coast, the only lodging which the party
could find to solace them for all the fatigues and
discomforts of their voyage, was a lonely cow-
house belonging to Mr Nicholson of Scorobreck,
a mansion about two miles distant. Here, with-
out either fire to dry them, or food wherewith to
satisfy their hun^r, they passed a most wretched

Charles'^ wandeiiii^gs — ^skye. 183

higlit. In the morning, young Raasay was de-
spatched to see Donald Roy, and procure intelli-
gence; and his younger brother was desired by
the Prince, with much earnestness, to take the
boat, and keep it ready at a place about seven
miles off, . till he himself should come up, as he
intended it should cany him upon a business of
great consequence. He also presented the young
gentleman with a case containing a silver spoon,
knife, and fork, which he desired him to keep till
they next met. These orders were given, in order
to get rid of the two MacLeods ; whom, accord-
ing to his constant custom during his wanderings,
he did not wish to apprise of his future motions,
as be generally took care to conceal the place
whence he had come from all the people into
whose hands he successively intrusted himself.
As soon as he was fairly left alone with Malcolm,
he left the cottage, desiring that faithful retainer
to follow him.

When they walked about a mile, Malcolm made
bold to ask his Royal Highness where he intended
to go, " Malcolm," answered the Prince, im-
pressively, " I commit myself entirely to you ;
carry me to MacKinnon's bounds in Skye ;*' mean-
ing that portion of the island which belonged to
the Chief of MacKinnon, the only one of the three
great proprietors of Skye who had been concerned
in his late enterprise. Malcolm objected, that
such a journey would be dangerous, on account of
the soldiers who patroled the island ; but Charles
answered, that there was nothing now to be done
without danger. " You, Mdcolm, " he continued,
" must now act the master, and I the man. " Ac<-
cordingly, taking the bag which contained his linen,

184 CHARLBS'S WA17DERINGS — SKYJB.

and strapping- it over bis shonlders ; and having'-
ehanged his rest, which was of scarlet tartan, with
a gold twist button, for Malcolm's, which was of
a plidn ordinary tartan, he desired his fedthful com-
panion to go in advance as a gentleman, while h&
trwlged behind in the character of a humble gill]F
er servant. Malcolm acquiesced in the plan ; and
they set forward in this fashion towards Macl^in-
nons country, which was distant a loi^ days
journey, and could only be reached from this point
by traversing a very wild and moimtainous tract.

Malcolm, though himself an excellent pedes-
trian, as most of his countrymen then were^ used
afterwards to own that, in tins long and painful
journey, he found himself far excelled by Prince .
Charles, whose rapidity of motion was such, that-
it was with the greatest difficulty he could be re-
strained to his proper station in the rear. Hia
Royal Highness informed Malcolm, that, trusting
to his speed of foot, he felt little apprehension on
the score of being chased by a party of English
soldiers, provided he got out of musket-shot;
though he owned he was not just so confident of
escaping any of the Highland militia who might
fall in with him. Malcolm asked him what they
should do, if surprised before getting to the pro-
per distance. << Fight, to be sure, '' was the
Prince's reply. " I think,'* rejoined Malcolm,
'' if there were no more than four of them, I would
engage to manage two." — << And I," added Charlesy
'* would engage to do for the other tiyo. "

In walking over the mountains, they kept as
much as possible out of sight df houses ; but they
occasionally met a few countiy people wandeiing
about. On these occasions, Charles took care to

CHA&LBS^S WA1IDERINGS«>SKY£. 185

^splay the demeanour of a serraiit ; touching his
bonnet whai spoken to by his apparent master,
and also when addressing him. Having asked
Malcolm, if he bought he should be known in his
present disgoise, and IVlalccrfm having replied he
BBoald, he said, ** Then III blacken my ftice with
powder. " — " That, " said Malcolm, " would dis-
eov<!r you at once. " — ** Then, " said he, ^' I must
be put into the greatest dishabille possible. " He
tberefore put his wig into his pocket, tied a dirty
napkin over his h^id, with his bonnet above it,
tore the mfflles from his shirt, and took the buck-
les out of his shoes, making his friend fasten them
with strings. Malcolm, saying that he still thought
he might be recognised, he remarked, that " he
had so odd a face, that he believed no man ever
«aw it but he would know it agam. ** Malcolm's
o¥m remark on the circumstance (made in after
life) went to the same effect, that " nothing could '
disguise the mafestic mein and carriage of the irtte
prince. **

The only nourishment which the two pedestrians
had during their long walk, was derived from a
bottle of brandy carried by Malcolm, with th^ as-
sistance of the way-side springs. This source of /
comfort becoming exhausted before the end of .
their journey, all except a single glass, the Prince
insisted that his companion should drink the same,
protesting that he could better endure to want it.
When he had fairly drained the bottle, Malcolm
hid it in the ground, where he afterwards found,
aiid resumed possession of i^in quieter times.

After a journey of more than thirty English
miles, they arrived in the evening at Ellagol, near
Kihnaree, in the country of MacKinnon, where

186 GHARLS8 a WAMDBRINdS— ^SKYE.

^hey happened to meet two of that clftn^ who hiBA
heen engaged ia the insiirrection. The men stared
at the Prmce for a little, and, soon recognisu^
him, fairly lifted up their hands and wept. Mal-
colm immediately put them upon their guard, lest
euch an expression of sympathy^ thovgh honow-
able to them, should discoyer their Prince to his
enemies. He also swcMie them to secrecy upon
his naked dii'k, after the fashion of the Highland-
ers, and requested them to go away, withoifl
taking further notice of bis Royal Highness. It
is needless to say that they kept their wordl
• Being now near MacKinnon's house, Malcolm
asked the Prince if he wished to see the Laird.
Charles answered that, with the highest respect
for the worth and fidelity of MacKinnon, he did
not think him the person precisely fitted for his
present purpose ; and he wished rather to be con-
ducted to the house of some other gentleman;
Malcolm then determined that he should go to the
house of his brother-in-law, Mr John MacKinnon,
and from thence be conveyed to the Mainland,
where he wi^ed to claim the assistance of Mac-
Donald of Scothouse. They accordingly proceed-
ed io this house, which they reached at an early
hour in the moming.

Leaving Charles at a little distance, till he should
reconnoitre the premises, Malcolm entered the
house himself, and saw his sister, who informed
him that her husband had gone out, but was ex-
pected back every minute. He intended, he sai^
to spend a day or two in her house, provided there
were no soldiers in the neighbom*hood. She as-
sured him he would be perfectly safe. Then he
informed her that he had brought a brothdr-in-dis-

GHARLXa'8 WANPXRINQS-^KTB. 187

Ireis almig with him» mie Lewis Caw, ^ the son
of a SQi^eon in Crieff, whom he had engaged, from
pity, as his servant, and who had unfortunately
fallen sick during their journey. Mrs MacKinnon,
with all the hoi^itality of a Highlander, and all
Ihe benevolence of a woman, desired he might be
instantly brought in and entertained.

Charles being immediately introdnoed, the lad;
of the house could not help observing, as he en«
tered, '^ Poor man ! I pity him. At the same
time my heart warms to a man of his appearance. **
She^ provided the two with a plentiful Highland
breakfast, during which Charles sat at a respectfiil
distance from the table with his bonnet off, par-
taking only of the inferior articles. Malcolm,
moved by the Prince's humility, requested him to
draw near the table and eat along with him, as
there was no company in the house. But Charles
answered, he knew better what became a servant {
and it was only after an earnest entreaty, that,
making a profound bow, he at length permitted
himself to take advantage of so kind an offer.
When their meal was concluded, an old woman
cama in, with warm water, after the mode of an-
cient Highland hospitality, to wash Malcolm's feet*
When she had done, that gentleman desired her
also to wash those of the poor man who attended
him. She refused ; saying, with much warmth,
in the periphrastic hmgnage of the Gael, " Though
I have washed your Other's sim's feet, why should
I wash his father's son's feet ? " This woman was
only a servant, but, with true Highland pride, she
considered it a degradation to perform a menial
offiee to a person of her own rank* Makolnii

YOL. II* Q 6

189 CHARLESES WAN9BRINGS— 4KT]t

beweTeTy by working upon her feeluigB of pitf , ail
length pre^viled upon b^ to nndeitiiileo the oAeef,
as a matter of charity. Still, ihougfa eompljrii^
ahe felt a certain degree of indignation at the ser^
Tice, and could not help treating CbarleB's 1^^ a
fittle more roughly than i^e had done diose of her
.mistress's brother. She indeed mbbed so hare^
that his Royal Highness at last made a nolent re-
monstrance on the sf^ject. He had besmeared
his legs a good way np, in a bog which he had tlw
misfortune to fall into ; and on the old w<»ma
scrubbing the soft skin above his knees^ he couM
not refnun from an exclamation expresnve of pan.
*^ Filtby feDow, " said the bdc&me, who» Bke Pia-
tol eating his leek, had sworn and washed, and
waited and sworn, '^ it ill sets the Kke of yon to
trice offence at any thing my lather's daughtot
eould do to you. "

The two travellers afterwards went t6 steep*,
while Mrs MacKinnon took her station on the tsap
of a neigibouiii^ hill, to watch the approach of
ihe least danger. Charles oidy slept two hooira^
hut Malcolm, having suffered more from fatigue,
continued in bed a good while hmger. On rii^iig;
he was astonished to find his indefiit^dble cooir
panion dandfing and singing to Mrs MacKinnon's
B^ant, with an appeanmce <^ as much cheerftiliiess
and alacrity as if he had endured nei^r danger
mHT fttigue. The old woman sat near him, sciflleB-
ly looking on. Malcolm could not help expreaahig
his surprise at so extraordinary a sight, when tiie
Fribce exclaimed with ligfaty gsaety, and hatf fet^
getting his assumed character, ^ Who knowa hut
ti^s little fellow may be a eaptahi in my servioe
yet ?*' <« Or you ratl^r an old sergeant hr hiroofn-

ptaa^ ** nul tlie beUamfiy dugiuted at oDce it th^
extnirYi^gwit ambition implied by the *^ filthy fel-
low's " remark, and prevoked at the slight promo-
tion which it pronused to her charge, for whom,
ly^e all other nunes, she of coiuse thought no lot
in life too good.

Malcolm, now heaiing that his brother-in-law
waa ai^Mroaohing the house, went out to meet him.
In order to soond his disposition in regard to Prinoa
Charles* After the nsnal salutations, pointing to
aome ships of war which lay at a distance, he said*
^ What, MacKinnon, if the Prince be on board ona
of those ? "' '^ God forbid, " was MacKinnon's de*
voiit answer. Malcolm, then assured that he migfat
ba .trusted, asked, '< What if he ireie here, John ?
Do you think he would be safe?** '^That he
would, " answer^ MacKinnon ; *^ we shopld take
cave of him.*' ^^Then, John,*' said Malcolnn
f^ he is in your house. ** MacKinnon, in a tian-
apnr^ waa for running in immediately and paying
lua obeisance ; but Malcolm stopped him, till he
ahonld compose himself, and be tutored to pie-
$arye his £,oyal Highness's incognito. When he
waa Mt]f instructed as to his behavi<Nur, Malcolm
permitted him to enter ; but no sooner had the
wavm-heaited Highlander set his eyes upon the
uifortunale Prince, than he burst into tean, and
liad to leave the room.

During the courae of the day, a oonsultation be«
ing held as to the best means of transporting '
Charles to the Mainland, it was agreed that
Jobn hlMcKmnatk should go to his chief and hirea ^
boat for that purpose. He was enjoined to coi^
wtl the fi»ct of the Prince's being in his house»
6om that old gentleman, and to pretend that the

190 ' OHABLBS'g WAKBBRIirOS— SKTK.

bo«t WB8 intended for tke nee of his breth er 4 tt"
kw alone. He went accordingly ; but dbe forceof
elansbip proved too^mndi for his discretton ; and
ke.discloaed the eecret. The^hief, delighted witb
the intelligence, at once got ready his own boat,
andy with his lady, set oat to pay his respects to
iSb% wanderer. On John retoniing to ^ house,
and confessing what he had done, Charies felt
somewhat uneasy, bnt resolred to make the best
of the circnmstances. He went ont and reoeiTed
the old chief ; and the whole party then partook
of an entertainment of cold meat and wine, which'
Lady MacKinnon laid out in a neighbouring care
upon the shore.

It was now determined that Charles should bo
conducted by the old Laird and John MaeKimMMDi
to the Mainland, while Malcolm should remain
in Skye, to interrupt or distract the pursuit whidi
would probably be made after him. It was about
ei^t o'clock at night, idien the party repaired to
the water s edge, where the boat was lying ready
to sail. At that moment, two English men iH
war bore in sight, apparently bearing towardi
them ; and Malcolm, in high alarm, counselled the
Prince to delay his voyage till next moniing, more
especially as the wind was fiivonrable to the enemy,
which it would not be to his boat Charles, how-
ever, would not listen to his suggestions ; niging,-
with enthusiastic vehemence, the result of fonnev
good fortune, and that he fdt confident the wind
would change in his favour the moment that be
required its good services. He then wrote a short
note to Murdoch MacLeod, apologising for Ins
non-appearance at Uie place he had appointed,
and in^rmin^ him, that he had nowgotsitfe off the

kkad n^ wMAer ^hae* He nest took nut fak
pufiey and desired MbIooIqi s aoeeptanoe «f teft
gBineas, tHoag with a silver etoek-bttdde. The
generovB HJ^Uirader positively lefiieed to tdwte
nieney, vdiioh be saw from tin elenderness of tiie
Prkice's pone could ill be apored ; bat Cbaiies at
kngth prevailed upon bim to do so, asaerting i}mi
he wonld have need of it in the skoHdng Ufe he
was now leading, and at the same time expressing
a confidence tbat be woidd get bis own Ezcbeqoer
anpplied on readnng liie Mi^iland. ** Malcolm, "
he then said, ^' let ns smc^e a pipe togetiber be-
fisfe we part. '* A li^|bt was instantly proenad
from the flint of^Malcofan's mnaket, and the tw^
isttd, ^beuf^ nne<pial ciompa&ioas, took a lastpir^-
iBg smoke from '< the cutty. " ' When ihey bad
fiaiMwd, Chariee presented the stomp wbicb bad
done him so madi good sarvioe, to Maiealm, as a
sort of tfl&en of alfoctmnate coraradesidp, desiftag
him to 'diink of the giver whenever he sbonld use
it. Mdcofan graleliilly accepted the gift, wfaidi
Charles conld the better spare that he had got a
newer and more coannodioas pipe at Mr Mao-
Kinnoii's hoase.

Aifter a tender and Imig^protiaeted adiea, iM
I^rince went into tiie boat, which, widi tiie AM
and Mr John MacKinnon, immediately put otft
to aea, under the managemeat of a few stovt f0w»>
ers. Hie affectionate Malcolm sat down mpott
the Side of a bill, partly to watdi the proceedbiga
of the two tendffirs, and partly diat be might see
las dearly beloved PHnce as long as distance and
eye-sight woald permit. He afterwards ased to
tdl, with die troe siyewiitions reverence of a

109 CHARI.Sft*fl WAVOSRIiroS-— 8KYB.

Btklder for ih»J9t$ dkmumy that, precisclf m tlto
Prince predicted, he had. not g^ne for out to aea,
when tlw wind shifted in encfa a mamiar as to part
him effeotoally from the inimical Teasels ; a fiset
by which he acknowled^;ed liimself to have been
convinced of the tnith of what his Royal Highness
bad only said in sport, or by way of a gay bravado *
•-^that Providence made a pomt of favouring him.
Malcolm retomed home next <^y by the way
of KingsboTig^ ; where he related ^e Prince's late
adventores to a grateful and admiring audience.
He bad to^ infonn Lady Kingsburgh of one <»r«
camstaace, which must hi^ve given her unqualified

Kssoj^ During his travels with tibe Prince, his
yal Highness £id expressed a high sense of the
value of her Ladyship's present-^he snuff-box
already mentioned. He had asked the meaning
of the device which adonied the lid, a pak of
disped hands, with the words ^ Rob Gib ; **
which Malcolm exj^ained as emblematic of sincere
friendship, and as alluding to a circumstance in
which an . ancestor of the Prince was concerned.
Rob Gib was the oourt-£ool of Scotland in the
ragn of James the fifth, and, with that saicastH;
wit for which scmie cf his profession have been so
nmaricable, used to observe, that all the official
oonrtieFB served his Majesty for selish ends, eocv
oept himself who^ for bis part, had ho other oon-
Iract with the kbg than ** stsriL love and kind-
ness. " The Prince expressed himself an ardent
admirer of the principle symbolised by the device^ a
and declared he would endeavour to keep the box
as long as he lived.
Malcolm, being adced hia opmion of the Priiice^

■8 ine who fcad seen lum in Ae extremes of ¥olii
pffospennifi and advene fortnney replied, that ** be
wstib the most cautious man he ever savr, not to he
a coward, and the hravest, not to* be rash.**
Amidst all the conflicting opinions regarding
Charles's courage, this is pcnrhaps the most satis*
£Eu:tor7 and nearest the truth which has been ut«
tered, and, granting it to have been appropriate to
bis Royal Highness, he must be acknowledged to
faaye possessed the character of a perfect soldier.

About ten days after he had parted with the
Prince^ Malcolm was apprehended, put. aboard a
riiip, and conveyed to London. Kjngsbuigh was
also made prisoner, and conveyed first to Fort An<»
ffustus, and afterwards to Edinburgh Castle, where
he lay a year and a day. The same party of sol-
diers (which had come to Skye in consequence of
information forced from *the boatmoi <m their re-
turn to South Uist) captured the gallant flora
MacDonald. All these three persons, at a time,
when the Habeas Corpus Act of Scotland was not
suspended, were -detained a twelvemonth without
trial, and dioi dischaiged without being a8k^d any
questions ; a violation of the liberty of the subject
which iiieems to have been passed over unnoticed,
in the terror with which the recent bloody tri-
umphs of Government had inspired the people^ or
which was peihaps rather owing to the maxim
then apparently paramount in the public mind of
England, that all the natives of Scotland had for-
feited their, rights as British subjects, and wore
now slaves subjected to military law. On being
discharged from jail. Miss MacDonald was pro^
nded with a po«t-chaii|^t to eonvey her badt^ to

Sootlaiid, by a Jacolfke lady of quility reudeBl m
London ; and, being desired to diooee « pcwoa
wko might aocompaay ber, nanied her felloir-'saf-^
ferer, Makolm. << And eo, " Maloohn used al^
terwards to obsenroy trinmphaiitly) *^ I went -qp to
London to be han^^, and retomed m a Imw
pwt-chaise with Miw Flora MacJ>onald ! "'''

ORiiRLBi WAin>«lUKOt. fH

CHAPTER XL

CHAELES S WAMDXRIVGS — MAIMLAKD,

** The mulr-cock tbat ciowso'er the brow of Ben-Conna^

He kens o* his bed in a sweet mos^ hame ;
Tbe eagle tbat soars o*er the cUffii of Claaronald,

Unawed and unhunted, his eyrie can claim ;
The solan can sleep on his sbeWe of the shore^

The cormorant roost on his rock of the sea ;
But, oh ! there is ane whose hard fate I deplore^

Nor house, ha*, nor hame in the country baa he.
Ine conflict is past, and our name is no more ;

There's nought left but aanow for Scotland and mo."^

Charlxs, after haviiig spent npwards of two
months in the Isles, was now returning to the
Mainland, where dangers as great awaited him.
The country opposite Skye, npon which he in-
tended to land, was that wild district where
he had first reared the standard of his enterprise,
and whose population was so entirely and so zeal-
ously devoted to him. In every respect it was
^ ^ well calculated to aifford him shelter, except that
it was in a great measure laid waste, and that the
soldiery had subjected it to a peculiarly sharp sys-
tem of surveillance. Hunted, however, as he had
been, out of the Hebrides, and relying upon the

IM CHARLBS'fl WAWDtlitilOS.

fidelity of the people, wlucli he had preTioosly o^*
perienced on so many difierent occasions, he he-
sitated not to throw himself once more upon its
protection. It eventually appeared that he codd
not have adopted a wiser course.

This district, as already mentioned, is indented
in a remarkahle manner by lochs or arms of the
sea, which, stretching into the land from ten to
twenty miles, form a series of momtainoos pro-
montories, from five to ten miles in breadth. For
want of a better illustration, it ma^ be compared
to the fingers of ihe hand, stretdbed oat and
separated. Let the reader place his hand in dua
manner 3n a table, and, imagining the spaces be*
twixt his fingers to refN«seat the sea, wiale die
digits themseli^es rise eawiently vp Iftse the hilb
between, he will have a toler&b% good idea of tlie
territory. Let him further conceire the i^Hioe he-
tweeii his thumb and fore-finger to he Loch Hoom,
that betwixt bis fore and third finger to he Loch
Nevish, that betwixt lus mid and fourth to be
Loch Morer, and that betwixt the fourth and liie
fifth to be Lochnanouagh, whHe the exterior of
that digit represents Loch Shell ; and he will be
better able to understand the nature of the
gerous circumstances in which Prince Charles
soon to be involved.

After a rough night voyage of thirty mfles, dur-
ing which they passed and were hailed by a boat
containing armed militia, but which could not stc^
to in£)>ect their company on account of the storm,
Charles landed safe, with the boat's crew, about
four in the morning of July ^th, at a place called
Little Mallag, on the souUi side of Loch Nevish*
Here the whole party slept three nights in the

MAltfLAHP* 19Y

«pmi ieldk Hie M !Laird and one ef die beal-
Hien at leagtk went in search ef ft care for a lodg*
«g, flBB4 Cbarlesyaloag with John MacKianen umI
tiw edier three men, took to the boat, and rowed
up^theLoeh. In doabKag a pointy they had the mis-
tertane to be eapied and pm^soed hj a beaft's party
<^ nUUia* In the chase winch ensoed, Charles
was BMifdy indebted for his pr e sor yatioB to the
aaeeA ef his honest friend MacKianoa, who, by Yoice
whI eianiple so avrfmated the rowers, that they
speedily outstripped the enemy. When they had
g!Si to some dutaace, and escaped observation by
dovbHog another point, the boat was put to shore,
mmI Charles, with John and one other companiiMB,
nimhly ascended the hill, while the rest remained
to treat with die porsners in case of being followed
t& diek landing-place. ' On arriving at the summit
of the bin, they had the satisfoction to see the
boait which occasioned the alarm, returning from
ttsfrohless ponnit.

The Prince slept three hooia <m this eminence,
and then returning to the boat, was rowed first
•cross the loch to a litde island near the seat of
MacDonald of Scothonse, and afterwards back to
MaUag, where he rejoined the old Laird. The
wh<^ pvty then set ont for the seat of Ma&i
Donald of Morer, which was situated at the dis^
tanct of teeven or eight nules, across the promon<(
tory, betwixt Lodi Nerish and Loch Merer. This
jo«mey, accordiiig to die fomiliar but not unapt ^
illustration of the spread hand, was simply a move*
meat across the terminating joint of the mid finger.
PteBsing a shieling, in the course of die journey,
ami being espied by some people, the Prince, apr
pr^iensive of recognition, derared John MacKinnon

196 CHARLBi** WAMOBHIlTQi.

to fold hk phdd for him in the oMtect HigMmJ
fifishioiiy aad throw it over his shouldery with his
knt^MMck upon it. Then, tying a handkerchief
about bis head, and assuming a menial air, he de-
clared himself once more a servant. At this shield
ing the party was refreshed by a draught of milk
from the hand of. a grandson of MacDooaJd of
ScothoHse. Pursuing their journey, they came ta
another shieling, where they procured a guide to
conduct them to Merer House, the object of their
journey* On arriving there, the house was found
to be burnt, and its master reduced to the neoes*
sity of living in a bothy or hut hard by. Neyer-
theless, Morer, who had been an officer in the
Prince's army, received his guests with all the
kindness of a loyal-hearted Highlander, and, wh^
he had given them such entertainment i^ his situ-
ation would permitj conducted them to a cave»
ivhere they might be assured of concealment. Here
they slept ten hours, during which their kind land-
lord went in quest of young Clanranald, whom
however he did not find* At his return, Charles
expressed a resolution to part with the venerable
Laird of MacKinnon, whose health and strength
were inadequate to the fatigues of the jomney, iad
to go with only John MacKmnon to Borodale, where
he conceived himself sure of good entertainment.
Morer having added his son, a l)oy, to 'the party,
and provided a guide, Charles left the cave in the
evening, crossed Loch Morer into Arasaig, and
reached Borodale early in the morning. ^

The reader must now conceive Charles to hxm
crossed over another finger, and to be established,
as it were, on the lower or south side of the ex-
ternal joint of the third from the thumb. He musi

MAIUfiAMD. 199

also iMiw snppofle the roots of the d^m to be all
dosed np, and traversed by a line of soldiers, so'
as to complete the insulation of the promontories^
and muclose the unhappy wan<ferer within a circle
<^ danger, from which it seemed impossible that
lie should escape alive. In more plain kngoagey
intelligence of his arrival at Loch Nevish having
by this time reached the Royal army, and ihef
being assured that he muAt be skulking upon one
er oSier of the promontmes parallel with that arm
of the sea, they had drawn a strmig and well ap-
pbmted chain of posts betwixt the head. of Loch
Houm and the head of Loch Shiel, certain of ei*
ther capturing him in an attempt to pass through
them, or driving him again back to sea, where he
was equally liable to be taken up by the British
cruisers* This cham consisted of single seatinelsy
planted within sight of each other. By day, these
men were perpetually on the look-out for travel-
lers, none of whom were permitted to pass with-
out examination ; and, by night, large fires being
lighted at all the posts, they crossed continually
from oae to another, so as to leave no pieds of
ground within a space of twenty miles for more
than a few minutes at a time unvisited. This sys-
tem has an appearance of such excessive vigilance^
that, at first sight, wonder is excited how the Prince
should have been able to baffle it. Yet it had one
fauU; and by taking advantage of ity an escape was
. achieved. The sentinels, it will be observed, cross-
ed each other at the points exactly between the
fires, each mdn going forward to his comrade's fire,
and then refttming to his own. Of course, after
passing each oihar, Ii4e»r Agm^ toertf mtfft«a% ^rTi-

TOX*. II. • A

SOO 'CHAaLB8*fl WAHDKRING8.

tfrf $o w ar d$ each c^kt^ ami the tpaee bUw e in Asm

lllf* O CBIFMII* lilflv 0gf¥ VnOOHIFfWI*

Clwrles^ OB being brought to Borodale, foimil
^ BBaiter of thtt bouse resktii^, like Morer, ia
a botby, near the bkMckened mine of bis maaflioB.
Jobn MMKinnon, in banding the- Frinee orer to
Borodale, said eaEpretstvely, ** I bare done mj dntf,
do yoa youn. ** *< I am gkid of the opportanityy**
^was Borodale's answer, ^ and shaill not iail to tidEO
care of bis Royal Highness. " Jojm^tben retann
ed boaie, and was captnied jost as be laadejd at
his own ho«ise in l%ye. Beii^ coureyed to Kil-
Tory, along with two of bis rowen, who were taken
with lam, be was there examined, or lather re-
qmied to disclose the place of the Rince's con-
eeabnent. On bfl relnsing to do this, one of the
aien was seized, stripped naked, tied to a tree, aad
seoniged with* a cat-o'-nine-tails, till the Uoed
gnsbed out of both biei sides, in order to arake Ian
oonfess; and MacKinnon himself was threatened
with similar treatment. Howe^^, he resisted afl
llie crael importunities of his captors, who wera
at length obliged to send him on board a transpmty
which conveyed him to London, where he remain*
ed in confinement till Jidy 1747.

From Borodale Charles despatdbed one of faia
Iraet's SODS for MacDonald of Glenaladale, a gOH
rieman of the Clanranald sept, who had accooH
panied him in his expedition as the major of
chat regiment. Soon alter, learning that his aged
friend, the Laird o( MacKinnon, had been taken
ki his nefgbbourbood, be thought it necessary to
shift bis quarters ; and accordingly, Borodale con-
ducted him to a cave four miies to the eastwai^
which, being almost inaccessible, and known oaly

to a hm pcnooB ia the coumtiy, Memed im )pr»*
mtse the most effectnal poflnble coaceabneat. H«
'Was accompttoied to this place by Borodale Bad hk
■on Ronald, who had been a lieateaant in Clanra*
Bald's own company.

Glenaladale, receiving the Prince's letter fnm
ibe hands of its youthful bearer, on the 20th of
Jaly, lost no time in obeying its behest. Barodal«
next day received a letter frcntn a gentlemaa of th^
Strict of Morw, his son-in-law, informing him
that the fact of the Prince's cmioeahnent on hia
lands was beginning to bei whispered about, aad
v^resttiting that, as it would evidently be daa:*
gerous for him to remain any loager where ha
was, the writer of the letter had prepared a laom
eligible place of conceahnent in Morer, to whit^
his Royal Hi^mess ought immediately to repair.^
Ronald MacDonaM was sent to reoeanoitre this
place, the Prince resolving to remain whete he was
till assured by that yow^ geatleman of its saperir
OTity to his present hiding-plaee. Next day, bow-
aver, an alarm arising that a tender was heveriag
apoa w approaching die coast, his Royal Highnesa
thought proper to anticipate the report of hu new
^parter-master, by leaving the cave, and set^ig out
towards Morer. Accompaaied by Gleiakdale^
Borodale, and John, the yonngOT son ei the lat-«
ier, he tiav«lled tiU he cama to a place called Cor*
riebeine Cabir, where he was met by Bwodale's
aoa*in-law, who told him that Cknranald had come
to a place not many miles off, in order to ccmduot
ins Royal Highness to a safe place, which he had
prqwred for that purpose. Charles was extmaely
anxious to throw himself upon the protection «rf
this kind and fiuthfdl aAamirt; but the lateaem

Mi OIIARI.M'f WAITDKRIWGS.

of the evouDg, and his compantiye proximity W
the pkoe prepared for him in Glen Morer, deter-
mined him to prefer that lodging for the night*
Accordingly, he proceeded on his original routes
intending to effect a jnncUon with Clanranald next
day.

Borodaloy who had gone on hefore as an ad^
▼anoed guard, learning through the course of the
night that General Camphell, with several men of
war and a considerable body of troops, had anchor-
ed in Loch Nevish, while Captain Soot had brought
another party into the lower part of Arisaag, widted
upon the 'Prince next morning (the 23d) with thai
alarming intelligence, which obliged him to decamp
immediately, without attempting to join Clanranald.
Being now completely surrounded with his ene-
mies, and they being aware that they had environed
him, it was necessary that he should take the most
cautious measures. Leaving Borodale and another
of his train behind, and only accompanied by Glen-
aladale and other two MacDonalds, so liiat the
party might be as little conspicuous as poesiblot
be set out early in the forenoon, and by mid-day
leached the top of a hill called Scoorveig, at th^
eastern-extremity of Arisaig, where he stopped to
take some refreshment, whUe one of his attend-
ants (John MacDonald, brother to Glenaladale),
went to Glenfinnin for intelligence, and to appoint
two men stationed there to join the .Prince that
<)vening on the top of a hill called Sweminck Cot^
richaa, above Locharkaig, in Locheil's country.
Tlie Prince soon afterwards set out, with his two
remaining friends, and about two o clock came to
the top of a hill called Fruigh-vain. Here obeerv-
mg some men driving cattle^ Glenaladale walked

hnW B i ' d tb inqwre the reasfm, «hid moIi after re-
tnnied willi intelligenoe that l^y wore^liis tannili
fljring befiore the apinroech of a strong body of
troopsy who had come to the head of Locfaarkaigy
to prevvat the- Prince from eeoaping m that diioo-
tioQ. It was of com«e impoanble to piiraae that
nrate, and the waaderere immediately despatched
ar messenger to Glenfinnin, ^diich was only about
ft Bule off, to recal Glenaladale's brother and lUm
two men who were to have gone to Lodiaricaig.
ffleaaladale likewise sent a man to a neigfabodring
Inlly for Donald Cameron of Glenpean, wbo had
ranoved thither with his effects on the i^praaob
of the soldiers, aad^ (ram his acquaintance with
ibft eomitry, promised to be an exoellent gnide.
l^Vliile tiiey waited ^e retam of these messengersy
one of ihe tenants' wi^es, pitying the condition of
her lamUord, came up the hill wil^ some new
mflky for his refreshmeirt. The IVince, perceiving
ber approach, covered las head wi^ a handker-
chief, and assamed the appearance of a servant
who had got a headach. T%e iday was eKcessivo-
ly warm, and the milk, of course, gnrtefnl to llie
palate of a way-worn traveller; bnt Glenaladalo
nsed afterwards to confess, that he conM as well
luive spared the offidoos kindness of the good
woman. It was with some difficohy, moreover,
Ihit he conld get her dismissed without the pail
in wliidi she had brought the milk, so as to enable
1dm with safety to give the Prince a sham mora
suitable to his real than his supposed rank. *

The messenger who had been sent to Glenfin^
Bin, soon after returned, mthout having found
Glenaladale's brother or ibe two men, (they hav-

Mi CMJtftX.Bi'f WAHDSBIKGS/

ing nm off towardB tbe place whore tliey eiXjpeeted
to find the party), but brought mtelligence thatmi
bnndred of the Argyle militia were approaching
the very hill on which the Prince was stationed.
On thb akrming news, the terrified party dis-
lodged without waiting for Glenpean, and set for*
ward on their perilous journey. About, eleven at
night, as they were passing through a hpHow way
between two hills, they observed a man coming
down one of the hills towards them ; upon wbidi
Charles and yonng MacDonald stepped aside,
while Olenaladale advanced to discover whether
he was friend or foe. This person turned out to
be the very man they were most anxious to see,
Donald Cameron of Glenpean, who had made all
haste to overtake them after receiving thw mes-
sage. Glenaladale immediately brought him to
the Prince, who had lodged one night in his house
soon after the battle of Cuiloden, and to whom ho
now recounted all he knew regarding the posilioii
of the King's troops. Then assuming the charac-
ter of their guide, he set forward wiUi them
tloougfa a road so wild and ringed as to be al-
most impervious even in daylight.

Travdling all night with untiring- diligence, they
arrived next morning (July 24th), at the top of a
lull .in the Braes of Loeharkaig called Manmyn?*-
Callum, from whence they could perceive tl^
enemy's camp, distant about a mile. Cameron knew
Uiat this hill had been searched the dliy beforo, and,
therefore, conjecturing that it would not be again,
searched that day, counselled that they should take
up their abode there till the evening, and endeavoui
in the mean time to procure the refiresbment of sleep.
They reposed for two hoois, after which the inrihols

^ llfAliriiAKD. . tOS

fittiiy exetpt the Mnce got ap to keep tentry.
They had not been long awake when they were
alatmed by the appearance of a man at a little
.distance. Cameron, on account of his acquaint-
ance with the coantry and its people, was select-
ed to approach and accost this person, who, to
the great joy of the whole party, tnmed ont to be
no other than Glenaladale's brother. This gen-
tleman had no sooner discovered, on the preced-
ing day, that the Prince did not keep his appoint-
ment, than he began to wander in a state of ex-
treme alarm through the country, in search of ei-
ther Jiis Royal Highness, m of mtelligence regard-
ing his &te. The same apprehensions which he
liad entertained regarding ^e party, they had en-
tertained regarding him ; and it was now with sen-
eations of the utmost pleasm« that these nnfortn-
laate genilemen matually congratulated each other
vpon a meeting which Uiey had 00 little reason to

Charles remained, with his tniafcy little band,
vponthe hill Mamnyn-Callnm, all that day, with-
out experiencing any disturbance from the soldiers*
They set out tJiout nine in the evening towards
A» south, and at one in the morning (Jidy 25th),
came to Corrinangaul* on the confines' of Knoidart
and Locharkaig. Here Cameron hoped to fall in
with, and procure provisions from, some of the
peo|^ who had fled before the frtce of the en-
croaching soldiery. The party had been but poor-
ly fed during their harassing and perilous march,
and they now possessed only a little butter and
aome oatmeal^ which they could not prepare fot
want of fire.

For two daya the Prince had npw been skirtiog

200 CHARLB6*S WAHDCRIVGS. ^

along the intemr oC AtH diaiii of ientriety wUck
.has been de^pribed as extending from Lodi HtwHii,
to Loch Sheil. In his dreary and ateallliy n^;iit
joinrniesy he eonld distincily see the fires which
smked the posts of the eDeiny> and eren hear the
stated cries of the sentinels, as they slowly e r oa oed
backwards and fOTWvds. These fires were placed
at brief intervals, and ev«ry qnarter of an how, a
patroliBg party passed along to see that ^e aenti-
nds were upon the.«lert It seemed scarcely pos-
Hble that lus foilom little party should eriujke or
break firom a toil whose meshes were at once so
strong and so closely oet, Yet die want of pro-
Tisions, and the fear of being soon inextricably
▼ironed, rendered it nnaToidably necessary
they shonM make the attempt, though it were on-
ly to antic^ate their litte*

This desperate enterprise being fixed for the
succeeding night, Gienaladale and Olenpean -veit-
tared down to some shielings, in search of pnrri-
sions, while the Prince and the odier two Mac-
Dondds remained i^nm the hill. The shielings
were fonnd to hav« been abandoned, and the two
commissaries returned withoizt their errand. It
was then judged safe to shift frmn llieir preseitt
aitDstion to a semt place upon the brow of a hill, at
the head of Lochnai^, Whidi was about a mile from
tiie position of the troops, and where they might
expect to spend the intervening day in greater se-
curity. Here they slept for some time. After
awaking, Glenpean and Glenoladales brother were
sent oiF to the hill above them, in quest of food,
while Glenaladale and the younger MacDonald
watched over the Prince, who still remained asleep*
The commiBsaries did not return till the afternoon.

liAIVLAKD. S07

ivfien two ODekll dieeees proved nil thul diey bad
been able to procure througbout tbe. country. Tbia
was rery dry food ; and^ as they did .not know
when they might get more, they were obliged to
vse it very sparingly. To increase the mortifica-
tion of the unhappy Prince, the commissaries re-
ported that a troop of a hundred men were coming
up the opposite side of the hill, in search of the ^
fogitire country people, and that they possibly
might light upon their place of concealment.

Under these distressing circumstances, it was
his Royal Highnesses wisest, or rather his only
policy, to remui^ as closely concealed as possible*
Notwithstanding, therefore, that the soldiers search-
ed Tery narrowly, and ail round him, he kept per-
fectly close, with his company, till eight in the
evening, when, ^e search being done, they set out
out at a quick pace towards the steep hill called .
DrumachosL On reaching the top of this emi-
nence, they discerned the fires of a camp directly
In their front, which they thought they could scarce-
ly shun. Resolved, however, to make the attempt
at all hazards, they approached the dreaded object
till they conld*actualiy hear the soldiers talking to
each other. Then creeping up the next hill, &ey
epied the fires of another camp, which also seem-
ed to lie directly in their path. Here they at last
determined to make the attempt. «

Cameroa, at this juncture, with the true gene-
fosity of a Highlander, proposed to go forward
liimself, and, as it were, prove the posisibility of
eBCu.pe, before permitting the Prince to hazard his
more precious person. ^^ If I get safe through,'*
lie remarked, ^ and also return safe, then you
nay yeatof e with greater securily, and I shall be

M8 CHARLBa*S WAVDSRIN08.

all the beU/en fitted to coiida<:t jan. " Be it m*
mariced, ha nuMle this courageous proposal in the
iftce of an omen ivUch, though rTdiculoas enpu^
was poiiaps sufficient to have unmanned a peraoA
who, with equal superstition, bad not so noble or so
exciting a cause to l»ace his nerves. He began
to complain that his nose was iick^^-r^ clear 8ig%
he averred, . that they had great dangers to. go
through* Charles, notwithstanding his perilona
circumstances^ could not help laughing at this foia*
Ittitic alarm, though he must have been, ot^the
same time» deeply impressed with admiration of
the devotednesB and real l»aTery of the Higb-
lander.

. Glenpean having put the passage to the proo^
and, to the great joy of the company, retoni*
ed in safety, the whole set forward, headed by
him as guide. It was now abovt two o'clock ia
the morning, aad the iHilliancy of the firee was
beginning to fade before the advancing lights of
day. Betwiact the two posts which they intended
to cross, there was a snail mounlainHBtream^ whose
winter torrents had, in the course of ages, worn a
deep channel among the rocks. Up this dee|i
and narrow defile, at the moment when the eentip
n^ were returning to. the fiie% and had their
backs turned towards the p]aoe» tiie party ci«pt»
upon all four^ with the stealthy caidtion and ^niei
of a party of Indian savages. A few minutes suf*
fioed to carry them to a place where they were
completely flcreened from the observatbn of tht
enemy.

Having thus escaped from one of the greatest
dangers which had yet environed him, Charles^
whose spirits always displayed the efanlieity cha»

MAIUXAMD. 209

neteristic of bk coantiy, guly addreflsed Glen*
pean with an iiiqiuiy afier the wdfare of kia noaoi
The good gentleman confesaed it waa a great deai
better since they bad passed the sentries, bnt tlnit
h was still ^ a wee yenky. " Hie Prince accept^
>mI the reserratimi as a hmt that they were not
yet altogether ont of danger.

After walking abont two miles, they cune to
M place on the Glenelg side of the head of Loch
Honm, where, finding what they considered, a
well-concealed spot, they caUed a halt and partook
4»f some refireshments. As already mentioned^
Ae commissariat was in a truly miserable state.
Animal spirits, however, compeniteted every pri-
vation to Charies. Cutting a slice of cheese, which
lie obrered with oatmeal, and seasoning that dry
tee with a drink from the netghbouring spring, he
eententedly stret<^ed the form upon the cold
ground,- whose home, in the words of ibe old
song, ** should have been a palace. " He passed
die whole of the succeeding day in thiis place,
without any improvement in his food.

It was now resolved, as the West Highlanda
had become so nnsirfie a pkcce of residence, to re^
pair northwards to a portion of the Mackenziea^
country, whidi, on account of the loyalty of tfae
iidiaMtants, had not been subjected to a military
police. They decamped for this purpose about
^^t o'clock at night, when, to their indescribaMe
idimn, lAiey discovered that they had spent the
day wi^in cannon-shot of two of the enemy's
posts, and that at this moment a company of sol*
diers was employed in their immediate^ neighbour-
hood in driving some sheep into a hut for slaugh^
ter. This, however, only hastened Uieir mardi';

f 10 CHABLBft** WANDMINGS.

and about Arae o'dodc in the morning (Joly S7A)^
they reached Glenshkl, a wild vale in the estate
of the Earl of Seaforth. The little proTision they
had bad, being now entirely exhausted, Glenai»-
dale and Lieutenant MacDonald (Borodale's aon)^
were eent out upon the cemmiasariat dejMUtmeBty
while Charles remained behind, with Camenm apd
the elder Lieutenant MacDonald, Glenaladale's
Inrother. While Glenakdale was inquiring among
aome country people about a guide to conduct
diem to Pollew, where he learned that some Frei|di
vessels had lately been seen^ a Glengary man came
running up, haying been chased by soldiers out of
his own country, where they had killed his father
the day before. Glenaladale knew this man at
fir^ sight, and being aware that he had aeryed in
ihe Prince's army, and was a man of honour, i^
aolved to keep him in reserve as a guide to Glen*
gary s country, in case he should not succeed in hia
present quest. Having then furnished himself with
aome provisicms, he returned to the Prince ; and
as soon as tbeyliad refreshed themselves, the whol^
party retired to a secure place on the face of an
adjacent hill, in order to' sleep. Getting up about
four in the afternoon, they dismissed their faithfid
guide, Cameron, who could no longer be of any
service* Soon after, Glenaladale, observing tibe^
Glengary fugitive passing in his way back to his
'own country, slipped out of his den, and, without
disclosing l^is purpose, used arguments with Uie
man to induce him to remain in a bye place till
such time as he could be sure of a guide to Pollew.
He then returned to the Prince, who approved of
his precaution* About seven o'clock, the man
whom he had employed to procure a guide to Pol-

lew, liroiigbl intelHgeiioe, thattbe anlj Franch vm-
sel wliich had been ihete waa gone, and that a
gnide could not haye been procined, eren thoogb
that had not* been the ease. Gknaladale inine-
diately dismissed the nessenger, and brongbt this
intelligenee to the Priooey whose oonrae it was now
resolved to change in the way proposed. Accord*
ingly, the Glengary man being introduced to hia
Royal Highness, and having undertaken the high
office, the whole party set out late at night to-
wards the south, designing to form a junction, if
possible, with Lochiel and some other chiefe. Who,
it was understood, still remained secure even in
the vicinity of the enemy's forts. '

Charles experienced at this juncture one of those
providential deliverances, which induced so many
of his adherents to believe that his life was under
the immediate and constant care of Heaven, and
which may at least be allowed to render the nar-
intive of Ins wanderings one of the most remarkable
ever penned. Before proceeding very far. on this
night's joumeyi Glenahulale, clapping his.hand upon
his side, declared he had lost his purse. Aa this
eontained forty guineas, which the Prince had con-
fided to him for the purchase of provisions, and
which was the sole stock of the company, Glen-
aladale was extremely perplexed at the loss, and
proposed to return to the place from whence they
had just set out, in order to search for it. Charles
opposed this measure, and used many entreaties
to prevent it ; but GlenaJadale insisted upon the
necessity of recovering a commodity so indispen-
aable to them, and accordingly went back along
with • the younger lieutenant^ while the Frincey

VOL. 11. •

sit CHARLKS'S WAWDBRTirOS.

wHii Glenaladale's bro4lier«nd the guide, remdiied
behind to await their letnm. While Glenidadale
was absent, Charles spied an officer and two pri-
mte soldiers adnmcing under arms along the padi
n^ch they had just left. Trembling with joy at
so signal a deliverance, he and hi^ friends retired
behind a rock, where they coold see the faiotions
of the soldiers, without being seen by them. The
men passed by, unconscions of the prize whidi had
so nearly fisJlen into their hands. Though rejoicing
in their own preserralaon, Charles and his two
companions remained in a state of great anxiety
for Uie safety of Glenaladale and his companioa,
who might chance to meet the enemy in ^tmr
torn. On coming to their last restuig>plaoe,
Aese two gentlemen found the pune, but, upoii
opening it, discovered, to their mortification, that
the gold was gone. ** Reflecting," cmitinues
Glenaladale's Jomnal, " that it might have been
taken away by a little boy f^om their landlord had
sent with a present of milk to Glenaladale, and
whom diey luid left at the place where the puise
was forgotten, they went back a mile Huther to thor
landlord's house, whose name was Grilchrist Mao*
Rath, and liirough his means got the boy to re*
store all bads, which he did to a trifle. " Fortn*
niately, in retorning to the IMnoe, they took a dif-*
lerent route, and thus escaped the little party of 8<^
diers, who must otherwise have met them. ' When
the company was dius once more reunited in aafe^
ty, they could not help returning thuiks to Pro-
vidence, which had first provided them with a good
guide, and then ordered an accident wWch saved all
their lives. Charies was now so thoroughly im«>
pressed with a Jbelief of 4ii8 immunity fiiom duigw,

MAtV&AKD. > - 819

itiat be ttud he believed he ^^ i^oiild not be lakea
t}MHi§^ he had a mind to it. "

T^y trayelled all the remai&der of the night,
till they came to a hill-eide above Stiatbdnaaiey
where> chooeing a' secret place^ they rested tall three
o'dcMsk in the sncoeeding afternoon, (July 28)*
Then setting ont again, they had not walked aboVe
a mile along the hiU-side, till their feelings were
agonized by hearing several shots ^red on the top.
of the hill, which they rightly judged to be occa-^
flianed by the soldiers chasing and murdering the
poor people who had fled thither with their cattle !
They now steered their coarse northward, and,
late at night, reached the top of a high hOl betwixt
the Bnie9 of Glenmorriston and Strathglass, wha«
lliey lodged ell night, the Prince reposing in an
<^»en cave, so narrow as not to permit hint to
Btretcb himself. This was one ai the most nn«
comfortable nin^ts Charles had ever spent. The
nin had fallen heavily and incessantly, during dw
whole of the preceding day, and he was of oonna
wet to the skin. Th^e was no possibility of a ftm
to dry him. Without food, and deprived of sleep
by ibe narrowness and hardness of Ins bed, the oidy
comfort he could obtain was the miserable one of
smoking a pipe. Thus was the man, whose birth^
aet^ording to Uie general laws of nations, ontitkid
him to tibe possession of a throne and a palace-^
who, indeed, according to the feudal system, v^mmi
which thk country was originally constituted, had
just as unalienable a right to its sovereignty aa any
landed proprietor wit^n its bounds IM to his pe*-
eahmr i^eritanee— reduced to be, in all probabi*
lily, the meet wretdied and destitute person whe
that night retted wit^ the four seaa of lutein.

214 . CHARLIB*8 WAHDBRINGS.

Cl^lednext morniiigreaehed the retreat wbidibad
been pointed out toiiim upon the hill of Comnliiaiif
after having been for eigfat-and-forty hours without
food. Seven men occupied this place, being nei-
ther more nor leas thak robbers. Thejr had no
boQse or hnt to reside in, bat shdtered themselres
in a rocky cave upon llie side of the hill, Irom
whence they sallifMl occasionally to provide them-
selves with necessaries. Sndi men as these were
common at that time in the< Highlandsy food for
some years afterwards, being genemlly persons
who had been proscribed for dieir concern in the
josttrrection, and who had therefore no Gtiber
mtens of livelihood than by depredation. It ai^
lords a lively proof of the desperation of Charies's
ciieumstances, that he shoidd have been compelled
. lo trost his life to mm of such disorderly hidiits.
On a^iproachiag their den, Glenaladaie' and the
guide went forward, leaving Charlea and the other
two MacDonalds. Six out of the seven vwrn. were
presMit, and having tilled a sheep tibat day^ were
just sitting down to dinner. Glenaladato said he
was glad to see them so well provided, and they
gave him a hearty welcome to share in their good
cheer. Glenaladaie said he had a friend with him,
lor whom he must ask the same^isvour. They
inquired whothb Mend was, and he answered th^
it was hw chief, young Clanraoald. Nobody, they
flasd, oonld be more welcome to thraii tbaa.yomig
Clanranald, for whom they were willing to pur*
' chase food at the point of ther swords. Gleula-
dale, assured of their fidelity, th^ went back for
Charles, who immediately <kew near. No sgoner
did they see the unfortonate Prince, than th^
.xeoc^ned him under his diipuse^ and fell down

•n tbeir katss U^^ do bisa homage. On being m*
troduced tO'their care, he \mt no time in sotisf jrii^
bis hiiBger, wbi<^ had by this time become almoot
mtolerable.

The condition in ,whidi Charlee was at this pe*
riody has beoi commemomted by Mr Hobm, 6oni
the report of Hugh Chisholm, one of the robbeniy
who was in Edinbnrg^ a good many yeaia alkef-
wards. ^ Upon bis head he bad a wretched yel-
low wig and a bemiet. Hia neck was ciBctiwed
by a dkty domted faandkerdiief. His coat was of
coane daik-ookmred cloth ; his rest of Stirling
tartan, much wom. A belted plaid was his beat
garment. He bad tartan hose, and HigfalaBd
brogues tied With thongs, so mndb wom that they
would scaioely stick 'opoil bis feet. His shut, and
he had not another, was of the cokmr of aaffitm.
His good landkMrds soon pronded him with. a
diaiige of aittire. Leamidg tiiat a detadwient of
fkm King's troops, eonmdmded by Loid Geoige
SaekTffle wa^ ordered from Fort Angnstiis to
ScraftbglasB, and knowing that they mwil pass at
so great distance iiom tiieir habitation, they lay
m wait for k, at a part of the road snitaye fw
llieir pa>t>ose, permitted- the soldierB to pass and
gtft out of sight, and then, attaddi^ the servants with
the baggage, seised some portnanteans, nn whidi
tliey finnid erery thing which the IVince leqnired.

Charies r«oaained in this canne three days, when
tbey ihoagbt proper (Angnst S,) to remore to an-
other about two miles off. He remained ahoge^e^
about liiree weeks in the company ai these men,
daring whtch tbpy made seinerai mormnents, bat
none of material importaaee. They somethnes

.. s2

tl^ CUAtiLta* WAMOSRINGiSk

went to Fort Angai^iis, which was never many
miles from their place of residence, imci, procuring
what intelligence they could among the inhabitantB,
occasionally brought the newspapers o€ tlie day
for Charles's perosal. About this time a circum-
stanoe occurred which tended to slacken the search
which had hitherto been made for his Royal High-
ness. A young gentleman of Edinburgh, by name
Roderick MacKenzie, who had been engaged im
the FHnee's service^ was skulking in the Braes of
GHenmorriston, when he was surprised by a- party
of soldiers. Being a tall genteel youth, and some*
wtet resembling the Prince in ^Mitures, he might
have passed for that persmiage with people not
accustomed to see them together. He endeavour-
ed to make hb escape ; but, being defeated in the
attempt, he assumed a noble and undaunted air,
and met his fate with the exclamation, ** You have
killed your prince I ** The soldiers, oveijoyed at
their good fortune, and convinced that this was
the ol^ject of their search, cut off his head, and
hfongfat it to Fort Augustus. Being there ahown
to various persons who had. seen Charles, it was
universally affimed to be the head for which so ,
much money had been offsrdd. Hie Duke ef
Cumberland is said to have dien set off to London,
with the ghastly but valuable obfect stowed in his
chaise ; certain that he had at length accomplished
the great object of his campaign, and extinguished
for ever the most formidable rival of his family.
It was not till he reached London, that the head
was proved to be supposititioust By that time,
many of the troops had been -withdrawn from the
Highlands, and Charles was in a great meaeore
* aafii from ^ose that remained, ^

MAINLANB. SIT

Oil the 16th of August, Charles deeipatdbed Pe-
ter Grant, the most actiTe of his seven attimdants,
km Glemnomston, where he then was, to Loch»-
y with a message to any of the gentlemen of
the name of Cameron whom he ' might mtfet, in*
Ibrmiog them that he wished to put himself under
their protection. Grant went to Lochaher, and
Isund Cameron of Clnnes, who agreed to meet his
Royal Highness on « particular day at a place near
the head of Glencoich, where he had a little hut
in a secret place for his own security. Charles set
out witib all his attendants, in number amounting to
ten, on a very stormy night, and travelling along
Ibe tops of the mountains, reached Drumnadiai, a
high mountain on the side of Loch Lochie, which
commands an extensive view of the country. There
they rested all day, and Grant was despatched a*
gain, to see if Clunes had come to the place ap-
pointed. Charles and Ins attendants remained up- ,
on the hill, and as they had no provisions, and
durst not stir to search for any, they were in great
distress for want of food. Grant at length return-
ed, with intelligence that Ckmes, not having found
Charles at the time appointed, had gone away. In
Us return he had shot a buck, and secuFed it in a
concealed place. At night they all set out for the
plaee where the buck lay hid, and made a delicious
meal of it, without bread or salt. Next morning,
having despatched another messenger to search for
Clunes, that gentleman came with his three sons.
Hie faithful robbers then committed his Royal High-
ness to the care of his new protectors, and took their
leave of him, all except Hugh Chisholm and Peter
Grant, who remidned with him some time longer.

jgharles was now informed by Clunes, that all

218' CHARLBt's WAMDBRINGS.

tbe ferries of the rirera and lakes were so stiii^
gttKdedy tkit it was impossible for him at present
to leacfa the oonntries of Raimoch and Badesiod|^
where Lochiel and Chmy were ; and that it was
ahsoltttely neoessaiy he should lemaiii where he
wasy ttQ the T^;ilance of the guards abated* Clnnes
had a h«t in a wood hard by, at the bottom of
Locharinigy to which he conducted the Priaoew
Charles and Clones slra])ced secorely about this
place for sereral days* When the weather was
nmgh, and there were no troops apparent in ihm
naghbomboody they lodged in the hut ; when <^
Aerwisoy they lemained upon the hill.

About this period, Lochiel and Clmiy, who had
hitherto remained concealed in the country south
of the Chain, judging that the Pkinoe must be
north of diat tract of country, despatii^ed Mao-
Donrid of Lochgary and Dr Camenm (Loduri's
brother) to learn what they could concerning him.
These messe ng ers, well acf uiinted with the passes^
made their way in safety to the north of the lakses^
and very soon met Clnnes, xtho told them he
wouA condvK^t them to the object of their search*

Charles was at this moment sleeping on the hill,
with one o£ Chmes's sons, vrhaiie IVtter Grant held
watch. Grant happened to nod upon his post, and
did not perceive the spprosiching porty till they
were rery near. He instantly flew to awaken the
(Sleepers. The party had a formidable appearance ;
lor,' besides Clunes, Lodigary, and Dr Cameron,
^ere were two serrants; and at a Kttle distSBce
they looked like armed militia. Grant and young
Cameron counselled an immediate flight to the top
of the hill in die fece of the enemy ; but Charles
resolved rather to keep close behind the loose

MAIltI.ANl>. 219^

gtonm amidst whidi they were skidkiiig, and to
fight, the enemy in ambmcade. He represented
that, in case of a flight, the militia would soon get
within gmi-shot, and bring them down without re-
sistance. *' I am a good marksman/' he said, *^ and
can charge qnick. I am theref<Hre swe to do some
execution. " With Gktmt's assistance, he thought
he might reduce the enemy, to a level in point of
nambm before coming to close quarters. Then
ke took out a brace of pistols which he had not
previously shown, and expressed a hope to make
these serviceable in the'close stru^le. Every thing
considered, he hoped that they would impulse tfa^
advancing party, or at least die like brave men
with arms in their hands. Grant acceded to a re^
^ solution so mndi ia unison with his own dauntless
spirit, and ihey had presented their muskets a-
long the stones, and were almost, on the point of
firings when fortunately the peculiar form of dunes
was distinguished in the party^ which -assured theor
tfaay had nothing to fear.

Joy immediately took the place of desperation,
and Charles CtMild not help returning thanks to
Heaven fw haivuig prevented him from destroying
so many dear friends. His satisfactifm was in-
creased by receiving a message fr(Hn his beloved,
friend Loehiely for whose recovery, of which the
Doctor inf(Nrmed him, he thrice audibly thanked
the Deity. At this period, he has been described
as wearing a phirt extremely smled, an old black
tartan coat, a plaid, and a philabeg^ He was
bare-footed, and had a \<mg beaod. In his hand
he carried a musket, and he had a dirk and pistol
by his side. Notwithstanding the fatigues he had
gone through^ and though he had notjenjoyed the

220, CHARLSS^a WAKDERINOS*

Ivxory of a bed for seyonl nontlis, baft bad d«^
conftiiiiially in ihe open air, be was botb beakby
and cbeerfiil. His attendants bad kiUed a con^
the day before, and were preparing a portioo of it
W^ben Dr Cameron api^oacbed. At dinner he
ate very heartily of this &re, and enjoyed bintself
oFor the novel luxnry of some bread, which had
been procured for his use from Fort Augustas.

(Charles now expressed a- wish to cress ike
Chain and j(Hn Loc^iel ; but this meaenra was
considered premature by hb attendants^ on ae-
count of a statement having recently i^peaied in
the newspapers, that he had gone over Corryanack
with Lochiel and thirty men, wlkh would vIh
donbtedly occasion a volant search in those parts*
He was advised to remain where be was, as in att
probability the attention qi the troops would be
^thdrawn from the north of the Cfaaui, while it
was directed with proportionate doseness to the
south. In the mean time, Dr Cameron ventured
into Lochaber to procure intelligence^ and Locfa^*
gary posted himself upon the isthmus, betwixt the
east end of Loch Lochy and the west end of Looh
Linnhe, to watch the motions of the troops* The
Prince, at the same time, despatched his ^sithfal
attendant Glenaladale, who had shared every pn->
vation wilii him for a lOfnAh pasty to await the ar*
rivsl of the Frendi vessels whidi he now expected
at Lochnanuagh in Arisaig, and to apprise him of
that event whenever it should take places

A few days after this disperaon i^ his friends^
while Charles was sleeping upon the mounlaii
side, with his few remainmg attendai^ he was
roused at eight o'clock in ike morning, by a child,
who exclaimed she saw a body of reeUoomi9»

aiAIMLAVD. 221

Lookmg down into the vale, the Prince accord-
ingljr saw a troop of soldiere demoliBhing the hut,
•ihI searching the adjacent woods. Tliis occurred
in consequence of infbrmatimi which had been
eomnmnicated to Fort Angnstus. The party, in
ffeaX alarm, ascended the face of the mountain,
wong the deep channel of a winter torrent, which
preTimted them from being seen. They ^en tra-
velled to another hill called Mnllantagart, which
is prodigiously steep, high, and craggy. On the
top of ^at eminence tl^ remained all day with-
out a loorsel of food. In the evening, one of
Clunes's sons came, and told them that his fether
would meet them at a certain place in the hills
Bomewhat distant, with provisions. Charies set
out for this spot, which was only to be reached by
t^ most macoessible paths. Toiling along amongst
rodcB and stumps of trees, wMch tore their clothes
nad Innbs, diey at length proposed to hah and rest
■n night. But Chwles, though liie most ediausted
of the party, insisted upon keeping their appoint-
ment witli Clunes. After proceeding some way
failier, Charies had to acknowledge himself ut-
terty mci^Md>le of furt^r exertion; when ^e
generous Higbhrndors took hold of his arms and
Buppoited him akmg, though themselves tottering
vaader llie influence of this unparalleled fatigue;
Almost perishing with hunger, and sinking under
the dreadful exertions of the night, they at last
reached their destination ; where, to their great re-
lief, they found Clunes and his son, with a coW
which they Jiad killed and partly dressed. Here
ih&Y remained for a few days, till Lochgaiy and
Dr Cameron arrived with the welcome intelli-
geBoe, that the passes were not now so strictly

282 CHARLBS'S WAXDSaiNGS.

gnaidedy and that he might safely y&BLtar^ at leatft
a stage nearer to Lochiek

t^ The Prince now crossed Locharkaig, and was
eonducted to a fastness in the fir-wood of Audma-
cary, belonging to Lochiel. Here he receiFed a
message from that chieftain and MacPbersoa of
Clony, informing him that they were in Badenoch,
and that the latter gentlenian wonld meet him on
a certain day at the place where he was, in order
to conduct him to their habitation, whick they
judged the safest place far him. Impatient to sea
these dear friendb^ he resolved not to wait for
Cluny's coming) but to set out with such guides
as he had. Accordingly, he decamped on the 28^
of August, and, travelling all nigh^ came next day
to a place called Corineuir. He crossed the Chain
or great Glen of Albyn in safety, and joined Loch-
iel at a place called Mallanauir, in that part of
Badenoch which adjoins to the Braes of Rannech.
Lochiel had redded in this part of the country
for several months, accompanied by Cluny, the
proprietor of the ground, and Dr Stewart lltfiep-
land, a gentleman of Perthshire. By this time he
was almost recovered from the wounds received in
his* ankles at the battle of Culloden, but was still
, unable to walk without assistance* When Charles
came to see him, he was residing in a noiserable
little hut, with MacPherson <^ BreakacUe, Allan
Cameron, his principal servant, and two servants
of Cluny. . On seeing the Prin<^ japproach widi
his party of four persons under arms, he had near-
ly fallen into the same mistake which Charles and
Peter Grant had lately escaped so narrowly-7-he
took them for a party of militia, of whom he knew
thei-e waa a troop stationed only four or fire nutes

MAINLAHCU iSS^

off. . Under that apprebension, he had pvqiared

his firearms, of Which he possessed a oonsiderablf
quantity, and was on the point of iring off a to]*
ley, when he recognised some of the persons com^
posing the dreaded little hand. On perceiving
that the Prince was among the number, he hobbled
out as fast as he could to greet and welcome hink
The meeting of these two friends is said to hare
bees extremely affecting — so much did they love
and admire each other, and so glad were they
mutually to meet, after having been so long
parted. Lochiel attempted to kneel before his
beloved Prince ; but Charles^ touching him oa
the shoulder^ exclaimed, " Oh no, my dear
Lochiel ; we do not know who may be looking at
US from yonder hills ; and, if they see any such
motions, they will immediately conclude that I
am here, " Lochiel then conducted him into the
hut, where he found a better larder than he had
had any experience of ever since the battle of C^o*
den. There was plenty of mutton, an anker of
whisky containing twenty Scots pints, some good
beef sausages made the year before; plenty of
butter and cheese, and a large well* cured bacon
ham. The first thing he called for was a drani^
which he drank to the health of all present.
Some minced coUops were then dressed for him
with butter, in a large sauce-pan which Lochiel
and Clupy always earned about with them, and
which was the only fire-vessel they had. " Now,
. gentlemen, I live like a prince, " cried Charles, as
he devoured the collops out of the pan with a sil-
ver spoon. He seemed quite elevated with the
pleasures of the day — with meeting Lochiel, and
vol.. n. T 7

M6 CHARLBB'« WAVIXRINGS.

iiiiB, and gaf« liim a ^brection to Cltuhes's pkce «ff
coneeidiiient. On findmg tliat gentieman, a inea*
aage was instantly despatdied to BemMer ; and
Glenaladale then returned to Loehnannagby to
infwvi the ahips' crews tliat Chai'les would be
with ^m as soon as possible.

Charies, on receiring this delightful inteUigeBcey
immediately left the Cage, with Lochiel, Loch-
gary, John Roy Stuart, aiid several other friends ;
and, trayelling only by night, reached Moidart upon
the 19th. As care had been taken to inibnn
is many brethren in distress as were within reach,
of the opportunity of escape which now pre-
•ented itself, a considerable company soon assem-
Ued upon the shore opposite to the Tessels^ Charles
was destined, like the hare which retmns after a
bard chase, to the original form from which it set
out, to leave Scotland, where he had undei^gone so
long and so deadly a jchase, precisely at the point
where he had first set his foot upon its territ<My«
Under what different auspices did he first see tbs
^rild hills acoimd Lodbnanuagh fourteen nihonths be-
fore I He was then in the hey-day of hope^i*-a king*
4om lying open before bun rcuMly to be reaped by his
«word— ^-friends thron^g around him with hopes
«s high as his own — and the country, by its tran-
^iHity, apparently inviting him to proceed. Now,
lagged and forlorn — Ins person shattered by the
-Inclemencies of nature, and his mind agcmized by
'the dejection of his fortunes — he stood amidst a
troop of half-starved and half-naked fugitives, of
•whose misfortunes he was in one sense llie cause^*
the country all round liim teeming to his alarmed
'imagination with fiends thirsting for his life-^-and
«very thing seennng to inform him th«t the bril-

MAINtAND. ' 227

llaat hopes he hftd so kmg entertaiiied wera now
fot ev^ esctmgniBhed. ^ With ajndieioas affee-
tatkm of resolution, ho proclaimed to the friends
^otn he left, that he would soon be hack irom
France, with a force which ^honld set his pre-
tensions at rest ; he also hoped -to fight yet one
other glorions battle by the side of his brave Hig!>
hmders, and then to reward them for the TalouTy
the fidelity, and the kindness, which they had so
derotedly displayed in his behalf. Bnt the wretch^
edness of his present appearance was strangely
inconsistent with the magnificence of his professed
hopes. The many noble spirits who had already
perished in his behalf^ and the-unutterahle misery
which his enterprise had occasioned to a wid^
tract of country, returned to his remembrance^
and, looking round him, he saw the tear starting
into m^ny a bra?e man's eye, as it cast a farewell
look hack upon the countiy which it was never
again 15 behold. To have maintained a show of
resohitton, under circumstances so aifecting, was
impossible. He had drawn his sword in the energy
of his harangue ; but he now sheathed it, with a force
which spoke his agitated feelings ; he gazed a minute
in silent agony, and finally burst into a flood of
tears. Upwards of an hundred unfortunate gentkn
inen accompanied him on board ; when the anchor
being immediately raised, and the suls set, the
last of the Stuarts was quickly borne away from
the country of his fathers.

TTius did Charles end a series of adventures,
such as fjpw princes had ever encountered be-
fore him. His career was distinguished at first by
extravagant daring and miraculous success. Thd

T 2

998 , CHABL9I»'8 WAHDJIKIHOS.

•n of bis fortune afterwards deeliaed amidst
shower of blood. Tbeo» a proscribed fogUive,
a prioe set upoa bk head, be spent five nijoiitba io
a state of perpetual aUmn* enduring fatigues, bim-
geT) and exposure to tbe elen^ntSy enon^ to bare
killed most men. Tbe dangers wbicb be escaped
during that period were ipaoifold. His preserya-
^on is in a great measure to b^ ascribed to bis own
sagacity and fortitude ; bnt it coold nerer bave bee9
adbieyed witbontf tbe concurrence of tbe generona
Ipeople amongst wbom be was cast. Tbe constant
py displayed by tbe Higblandeis on tbis occasion
■was beyond all praise. Tbey abowed tbat a rud^
atate of society is not witbout its virtues, and tbat
poverty can |M>metimes be iocomiptible. Cbarles'a
)ife was intrusted to several bundred individnalsi
many of tbem in tbe lowest gi-ade of humbly life,
and some of tbem even belonging to what mpdera
eiyiliaation would terni tbe viciouf. Yet i^ot onf
jieems to have ever sp much as entertaij|^4 ^9
idea of giving bim up, but all endeavourjed, to tbe
fitmost of tbeir power, to furtber bis escape, eve||
at tbe risk of tbeir own liyes. The generosity of
ih^ir behaviour is said to have recommended tbem,
for tbe . fiist time, to tbe respect of tbe English
people ; who saw from this, that unswerving prin:
•ciple, and pure and lofty feding, might reside
wder tbe tartan and blue bonnet of Scotland, as
,w^i aa benaatb tbe silk and fine linen of tba
South;

VmiAhS AUD SXBCUTlDlfS.

•A

CHAPTER XII.
trialsTand executions.

Tit. O reTerend tribunes ! gentle aged men I
Unbind my sons, reverse this doom of death,
And let me say, who never w^t bcfove>
My tears have been prevailing orators.

Luc. Oh noble fattier, you lament in vain i
The tribunes hear you not,
And you recount your sorrows to a atone.

TUtu Jindronicu*,

Long before Charles's escape, a multitude of his
Mlawers, less fartunate than ham^ badmel a cruel
juid bloody death upon the scaffolds of Englaikd*
The Tengeance of GoTenunent, after their 6aal
.Tictory, had been predsely apportioned to their
fireTious panic and pusilianunity ; and, in the eiOf
{»hatic language used by Jojinson on thp o^cavio^,
it was now necesairy that statutes shffpild reap th^
^neiuse of the sword« W^ are never so apt tQ
jconunit an act of inhumanity 9s dturing the sur-
pn9^ fuid agitajdon ^hich follows personal dan-
ger; and even the annoyance of a harmless fly
will sometimes provide us to an act at which, 19
cooler m<»nentB, we would stiudder. On th^ sam#
pripe^)^ the rwters oi i\m tooi thaogh pefliftpe r-

tSO * rmiALr A)n> mxtcxmoiK9.

ntmanSij cmel, displayed a blood-ihiivtinem and
immitigable desire of Tengeance, wfaich no doubt
appeared jiwdfied by the occasion, but of wfaidi
tbey most have afterwards repented:

Tbe officers of the English regiment taken at
Carlisle wers the first victims of this sangoinaiy
caientm^. Eighteen of these npfortanate gentie-
men, at the^ head of whom was Townly their Co-
lonel, were tried before a Grrand Jury, at the
Court-house on St Margaret's Hill, Sonthwaric,
in the county of Surrey, on the 15th of July, and
four following days. All were condemned to death
ezcq>t one ; and, on the 29th of the month, an
ordor came to their place of confinement, ordering
the execution, on the succeeding day, of nine who
were judged to be most gnihy, namely, Francis
Townly, Greorge Fletcher, Thomas Chadwick,
James Dawson, Thomas Deacon, John Berwick^
Andrew Blood, Thomas Syddal, and David Mor*
gan; the other eight being reprieved for three
^veeKs*

These ill-fated persons were roused from sleep
at six o'clock ini:he morning of July SOth, to pre-
pare for their execution. On coming down into
the courtyard of thcor prison, they ordered coffee
to be got ready for their breakfast. The firmnesa
wfaidi they displayed throughout the whole^scene
was very remarkable. Only Syddal, of all the
rest, was observed to tremble when the halter was
put about his neck ; and he, to conceal his agita-
tion from' ^be spectators, took a pin^h of smdL
When their irons had been knocked off, their
arms pinioned, and the ropes adjusted about th^
necks, they were put into three sledges, to each
"^ wfaich three horses were attadied. Inthefint

dftdge, along with Tow]]ly, Blood, and Berwick,
the execntibnor sat with a drawn sciraetar. The
prcMStihnon was accompanied fay a party of. foot*
goards.

Keiiniogton Common was the place appointed
for their ^ecution ; and as the spectacle was ex*
peeted to be attended with all those dream*
etoziees of barbarity awarded by ^ the £jxg^ish
ktw of treason, the London mob had assem*
Ued in extraordinary nnmbers to witness it.
A pile of fa^olB and a blodc were pkced near
the gallows; and while the prisoners were re«
moving horn their sledges into the cart from which
dwy were to be turned off, the faggots were set
on fire, and the guards formed a ciicle round the
place of execution. The prisoners were not at»
tended by clergymen of any persuasion ; but Mor»
gan, who had been a barrister««t-law, read prayeia
and other pious meditations from a book of devotion-;
to which iJie rest seemed y(^ attentive, joining in
all the responses and ejaculations with great fervour*
xHalf an hour was spent ia these exercises, durmg
which they betsayed no symptouMk of irresolution ;
though their d^cMrtment was said to be perfectly
pdtdUe, at the same time, to their unhappy cir^
cnmstances* On concluding prayo^ they took
some written papers from their books, and threw
them among the epectatcMra. These were found
to contain declarations, to the edect that they
4ied in a just cause, that they did not repent ci
•friiat they had done, and that they doubted not
imt their deaths would be avenged, together with
flome expressions which were considerod treason*
able. They likewise delivered papers severally
to the sheriff, and then threw sway their hati,

iM iTftlALt AWO BXtCVTIOliS.

of wMch wvn gold-hwed — ^fbr tliey were dS
dressed like gentlemen ; and it is said that these
pieces of dress were found to contain other trea-
sonable papers^ Immediately after, the execo-
tioner pidled their caps ont of their podcets, pnt
them on, and drew them over their e3res; and
then they were turned off. When they had been
•uspended three minutes, the soldieife went in un-*
der the bodies, drew off their dioes, white stock-
ings, and breechea ; and the execntioiier pulled off
the rest of their clothes. When they had been
•tripped perfectly naked, the last-mentioned offi^
«ial cnt down Mr Towidy, and laid him on the
block. Observing the body to retain some signs
of life, he struck it seviwal violent blows upon ^
fareaat, €ar the humane purpose of rendering it
totally insensible to what remained. * These not
having the desired e£fect, he cut the throat. ' The
f nwm d b wen first cut off, and thrown into the finsk
Then cutting open the body, he .took out the
howeb and heart, which he also ihrew into the
fire, and finatty, with a deaver, separated the head
hom the body, sad put both into a coffin. Mr
Morgan was next cut down, and after him the
rest, A» executioner unboweUing and bdieading
them one by one, as he had done Mr Townly.
On throwing the last heart into the fire, whidi
was that of James Dawson, he cried wi^ a loud
voice, ** God save King George I ** and the spec-
tatore responded with a shout. When this harba-
Itws ceremony was concluded, the mutilated bo-
dies were conveyed back to prison on the sledges;
and the heads of Townly and Fletcher were three
days after affixed upon Temple-Bar, while those
of DewMo, Berwick, Chadwick, and Syddal, were

TRIALS AND EXBOtmOITS. tS9

preserved in spirits, in order to be lEiposed in the
eame way at Carlisle and Manchester. Townly'a
body was buried at Pancras ; but tliose of the o»
thers were interred in the bnrying-gronnd near the
Fonndling HospttaL

The mob of London had hooted tirase ill-fated
gentlemen on their passage to and from their trials;
but at the exeention they looked on with faces
betokening at least pity for their misfortunes, if
aot also admiration of their courage. A circmn^
stance, obserred at the time, excited a good deal
of commiseration amongst the crowd. This was
the appearance at the place of execution of Cliarles
Deacon, a very youthful brother of one of the cul^
prits, himself a culprit, aod'tmder sentence of
death for the same crime, but who had been per-
mitted to attend the last scene of his brotherts life
io a coach^ along with a guard. Another circum*
stance still more affecting came afterwards to the
knowledge of the pubHc James Dawson, the
ion of a gentleman of Lancashire, and who had
not completed his studies at St John's College,
Cambridge, was attached to a young lady, of good
fionOy and fortune, at the time when some youth-
ful excesses induced him to run away from college
and join the insurgents. Had he been acquitted^
mr if he could hare obtained the Royal mercy, the
day of his enlargement was fixed by the parents
of both parties to have been that of their marriage.
When it was ascertained that he was to suffer the
cruel death which has just been described, the in^'
Gonsolable young lady determined, notwithstand*
. ing the remonstrances of her friends, to witness the
execution ; and she accordingly followed the sled-
ges, in a hackney-coach, accompanied by a gentle^
man nearly related to her, and one female friend;

9M TRIALS AirO BXECUTlOKfi.

Sh« got iictr cDoagh to see the fin wbiA una to
Gonsome her lover's heart, besides all the oib^
dreadful peeparatioiis for his kte, without heing
guilty of any of those extravagaiides which her
friends had apprehended. She also succeeded ia
lestnining her feelings during the progress of the
bloody tragedy. But when all was over» and the
shouts of the multitude rung her lover's deadi-
peal in her ears, she drew her head baek into the
ooachy and crying,- ^^ My dear, I follow thee, I
follow thee-— sweet Jesus, receive both our souk
together, " fell upon the neck of her .companiooi
Vftd expired in the very moment she was speak*

IVeviouB to this period, bills of indictment bar*
lag been found, by the Grand Jury of Surrey, againat
the Earls of Kilmarnock and Cromarty, and Lord
Balmerino, these three noblemen ^ were tried by
the House of Peers, on Monday the 28th of July.
This high solemnity was conducted with great
state. A hundred and thirty-five peers were pre-*
sent. Lord Chancellor Hardwicke acted on the
occasion, as Lord High Steward, or president of
the Assembly. Westminster Hall was fitted up
m a most magnificent manner for the purpose*
Mr George Ross was appointed solicitor for Kil-
marnock and Balmerino, and Mr Adam Gordoa
for Czomarty, at their own request. >

The three Rebel Lords, as they were styled|
proceeded from the Tower, early in the forenoon,
towards Westminster Hall ; Kilmarnock in Lord
Comwallis's coach, attended by General William-
son, Deputy-Governor of the Tower; Cromarty
in General Williamson s coach, attended by Cap-
tain Marsball ; and Balmerino in another coa<^,
mpanied by Mr Fowler, Gfl?itleman-Goaler,

wfce bad the axe covered by kin* A «lroiig^gtittr<|

loi sfdiiien panded along tide of the coacbeiL TbA

Covert, who had Mkewise mored in a paxioeteioii

from the House af Feens to the Hall, hcHiig duly

Met, and pradamation having been naade for thi

appearance of the {HtBonen, they weve broaght to

ikb bar, preceded by the Gentleman-goaler, niid

carried the axe widi its edge turned away iroat

them* When reciprocal compliments had passed

l»etweeii the prisoners and their peers, the indtet^

flsents were read ; to which Kilmarnock and Cio*

■Moty successively pleaded " Guilty,'' reeom^

mendii^theins^Tes to yie King's mercy. Balmerine^

liefore phading to his indictm^it — Ahat is to say,

l»ef<»e avowing himself guilty cm- not gailty,-—-

mked the Lord High Steward if it would avafl

hsBk any thing to prove that he was n^t at the

•lege of Carl»^ as specified in the indictment^

hnt tea miles diiMwit. His Grace answered, that

h night or asight not be of service, according to

the circumstances ; bat he be^^d to remind his

£fOrdship thai it vras ^contrary to f<»Bi to aUow

the prisoner to ask any questions before pka^

log) and he therefore desired his lordship so

{rfead. '< Plead ! " cried Balmorino, vriio knew

DOliiiag of the tedmicalities of an English court,

and whose bold blunt mind stood in no awe ef ^na

august assembly; *^ why, I am pleadbg as fiist as I

etfa. " The Steward explained what was meant

by pleading, and his Lord^ip then pleaded, ^* Not

guilty. " The court immediately proceeded to faja

tna], whidb was soon despatched. King's counsel

were heard in the first place, and five or six wit^

aesaes vrere then ecnunined in •ncceasi<ni; by

VOL* II. ' ^ ^

SM tmukhu A»M> sxicuzicau.

m hrno D i h wBi pn»red, ibm his Lonkhip
C«rli8le» ihoof^ not on the day specified, at tbe
iMid of a cafalry raguDenty caUied from hia iiaiae
Elpbiaatoiie a Hone, with his swoid drawn. Thtt
pnwNitfB had no coanael ; but Bahnerino hinwetf
■nde an exooptiony whieh was OTennled. Tbo
Lml Hi|^ Stewaid then adced if he bad aay
tUng farther to offer in his defence.; to which hia
Loidafaip answered, that he wis sorry he had gi^
rmi the Conrt so mach trouble^ and hadnathinig
mete to say. On t^Sy the Lords retired to tbs
Hooseof Feeri ; and» the opinion of the Judgaa
being asked toodung the overt act» they declared
that it was not matenali as other &cts were prove4
beyond coatradiotion. They then returned to the
Hall; where the Stewasdy according to ancisffS
vsagei asking them one by -one, (beginning with the
jpwmgest bejwn), ^< My Lord of ■. , is Arthur
Lord Baknerino guilty of high treason ? *' each an*
sweiedy dapping hii right hiad upon his left breas^
** Guilty^ Upon my honour, my Lord. " Tka
pnsoners were afterwards recaUed to the Bar, in^
fimiied of the verdict of the Court, and remanded
to the To^er till the day after next, when they
were again to appear^ in order to receive senteno^
The House immediately broke up, and, the prir
aoners were conveyed back to prisoni with tho
edge of the axe turned towards them. -

When the Court met again, on the SOth, the
Lord High Steward made a speech to the prisoa*
en, and asked each of them, << If be had any
thing to offer why judgment of death should not
pass against him ? " To this question, Kilmar-
nock replied; in a speech expressive of the deepest
contriaon for Jiis conduct, and implorinj^Ao Court

miAi.8 AiiD BxvcirTioiis* 989

to i»t«reede ivith the King in his behtJf, ' Ho re*

fMPeaeiited, thst he had been edncated in Reroln*

ti6n priiiciplcto, and even »{»peared in araas in b«*

ludf of the preeent Royal Family; that, haTing

Joiaed the ineni^nts in a raah moment^ he had

imitiediately repented the step, and rea(^Ted im

ti^athe firat opportnnity-of pnttiag himself into

iSbe hands of Gorwnment ; for this purpose^ ho

hod separated himself from his cofps at the hatllo

of Cttlloden, and snnendered himself a piisootfr^

Aongh he might eouly have escaped* He, moio*

orer, endeavenred to make merit with the Gewtt

for hariiiig employed himself solicitously daring

the progress of the insnirectiony in softening tho

ho f ioiB .tHiidi the war had occasioned in his oouft*

lry» and in protecting the' Royalist prisoners fkona

the ahose oi ^bek captors. Finally, he made o

dedaration of affection for the reigning fomily, not

more. incrediUe from his pest actions than it woo

humiliating m Iris present condition ; aadcondnd*

od with an asseveration, that, even if condemned

to death, he would employ his last moments ift

^ praying for the preservation of the iUustnooo

House of Hanover. " The Earl of Cromarty pio*

•onnced a speech of nearly the same complexion^

hot concluding with a more eloquent appeal to tho

iflcmency of his Majesty. *^ Nothing renmins,

my Lords, " he said, ** but to throw myself, my

Kfe, and fortune, upon yoiv Lordships' compaa*

tson. But of ^ese, my Lords, as to myself, is

the least port of my suifierings. I have involved

an affectionate wife, widi an unborn infiuit, as par^

ties of my guilt, to share its penaltaes ; I have in*

volved my eldest son, whose infancy and regard

for Usparents hurried him down the stream of

tM TRIALS ANO BXBCinriONS.

rabelfion; I ba^e inyoked alto eight innoeent
dn k ke a , who nratl feel their parents' punisfaiiieiit
hefore they know his gvilt. Let them, my LordB,
be pledges to his Majesty ; let them be pledges to
yiMur Lordships ; let them be pledges to my conn*
try, Cnr meroy ; let ^e silent eloquence of their
gmf and tears ; let the powerfnl language of in^
•ooent nature supply my want of .eloquenee and
pufsyasien ; let me enjoy mercy, bnt no longer
tian I deserve it ; and let me no longer enjoy life
thm I shall use it to efiace the crime I ha^e been
goflty of* Whilst I thus intercede to his Majesty,
Aravgh the medium of yow Lordships, let die
nmone for my gnilt as a subject — ^let the senrouf
•f ny heart as a husband — let the angaish of my
Had as a fsAer — speak the rest of my misery.
As year Lordships are men, feel as men ; bat
May moae of you ever suffer the smallest part of
■iy anguish.' But if, after all, my Lords, my
sijety shall be found inconsistent with that of the
publw, and nothihg but my blood can atone for
my unhappy crhne ; if th<i sacrifice of my Kfe, my
and family, is judged indispensably neces-
for stspping the loud demands of public jus^
tioe; and if the bitter cup ia'not to pass from
me ; net mine, bat thy will, O God, be done. "

The mind of Baltnerino was superior to sstdi
hnmiKction as this. When the question ^vas put
to him, he pleaded, that an indictment could not
he found in the county of Surrey, for a crime kid
to be committed at Carlisle in December last, in
rsgard that the act ordaining the rebels to be tried
in such counties as the King- should appoint, which
was not passed till March, could not have a retros-
paotm ^eet; and he desired to be attowed counsel.

TMAtS AND EXECUTIONS. 2S9

On this, the Earl of Bathtisked if the noble Lord
at the bar had bad any counsel allowed him, and
was answered that he had never ' desired any.
Balmerino replied, that, all the defences which had
occurred to him or his solicitor haying been laid
before a counsellor, and by him judged to be trifling,
he bad not chosen to give the court needless trouble ;
and that the above objection had only been hinted
to him an hour or two before he was brought in-
to Court. After some altercation, the Court as*
ngned Messrs Wilbraham and Forrester, as ^oon-
fliel to his Lordship, and adjourned till the Ist of
August.

Being again brought to the bar on that day, th^
Saris of Kilmarnock and Cromarty were again ask^
ed if they had any thing to propose why judgment
of death should not pass upon them, and answered
in the negative. The Lord 'High Steward in*'
fbrmed Balmerino that, having started an objeo-
tion, desired counsel, and had their assistance, he
was now to make use of it, if he thought fit. His
Lordship answered that his counsel having satis-
fied him there was nothing in the objection tiiat
eould do him service, he declined having them
heard ; that he would not have made the objection,'
if he had not been persuaded there was ground for
it ; and that he was sorry for the trouble he had
given his Grace and the Peers. All the prisoners
having: thus submitted to the Court, the Lord High'
Stewwtl made a long and pathetic speech, which he
eondnded by pronouncing sentence in these words r
*^ The judgment of the law is, and this High
Court doth award, that you William Earl of Kil-
■ian^o<^ G«orge Earl of Cromarty, and Aitfanr

u 2

9iO TRIALS AND EXECUTIONS*

Lord BalmarinOy 9nd every of yofii, letnm lo tVe
pnson of the Tower from whence you came ; from
thence yon mu9t be drawn to the place of ezecn*
tion ; when you come there, you must be hanged
by the neck ; but not till yqu are dead ; for you
must be cut down alive ; then your bowels must
be taken out, and burnt before your faces ; then
your heads must be severed from your bodies ; and
yi>ur bodies must be divided each into four quarters ;
and these must be at the King s disposal. And
God Almighty be merciful to your soub ! " Af-
%fs£ se|itence was parsed, the prisoners w^re with*
drawn from the bar, and the Lord High Steward*
^tai^ding up uncovered, broke his sta£^ and an-
Qounced that his commission was dissolved.

The Earl of Kilmarnock, who was only in his
fprty-second year, and extremely anxious for life^
ipunediately presented a petition for mercy to the
King, to^Uier with others to the Prince of Wales
and the Duke of Cumbm'land, entreating them to
ifitercede in his behalf with their Royal Fathw.
The tenor of these petitions was much the same
with that of his speech, equally penitenticd and
l^umhle, and equally unworthy of his birth, rank,
and former character. l^haX to the Duke contain-
ed a vindication of himself from some aspersions
iprbich had reached bis Royal Highness^ and which
he understood had prejudiced that persona^ a-
gainst him. It had been ivhispered that the Earl
was concerned in the order said to have been
found in the pocket of a prisoner after the Vatde
of Culloden, and that, moreover, he had exercised
sundry other eruelties upon the prisoneis in the
lisjids of the insurgents. Both of these chfurges he

, TRIALS AND EXSCUTI0K8* Ml

4i8ti9Ctly deiued-<^aiMl probably with trutb ; though
1^ asaer^n that he had voluntarily siurendered
himself to Goveniment, contained in his speech*
and in the petition Xo the King, was afterwards
confessed by himself to have bees' made only with
the view of moving his Majesty to mercy.
. The Earl of Cromarty, whose share in the in-
surrection had been much less conspicuous, and
who had not, like Kilmarnock, added ingratitude
t4) his other misdemeanours, made similar efforts to
obtain the Royal grace* The Countess went about,
nfter the sentence had been pronounced, delivering
petitions in person to all the Lords of the Cabinet-
Council ; and on the following Sunday, she went
in mourning to Kensington Palace, to petition
Majesty itself. When the interesting condition
«f this lady is considered, it must be allowed
that a more powerful mode of intercession could
not have been at^opted. She way-laid the King
as he was going to chapel, fell upon her knees be*
fiiare him, seized the hem of his coat, and, pre-
cientiQg a petition, fainted away at his feet. His
Majesty raised her up with his own hand, re-
vived her petition, and gave it to the Duke of Graf-
ton, who was in attendance ; desiring Lady Stair,
^ho accompanied Lady Cromarty, to conduct her to
an apartment where care might be taken of her.
A day or two after, the Dukes of Hamilton and
Montrose, the Earl of Stair, and several other
courtiers, interceded with his Majesty in the un-
fortunate Earl's behalf.

Balmerino made no effort to save his life, but
behaved after this period as one who had resigned
himself to death, and who despises those who are

241S TRIALS AND EXECtmONS/ 7

to inflid it. On leaoiing tbat his two hrothen m
afflictioB had made their applications for merely
he said, with a sneer, that, as they had snch grekt
interest at court, they might have squeezed his
name in with their own. On a gentleman cslling
upon him a week after his sentence, and apologis-
ing for intruding upon the few hoars which his
Lordship had to lire, he replied, *' Oh, Sir, no in-
trusion at all — I have done nothing to make my
conscience uneasy. I shall die with a true hearty
and undaunted ; for I think no man fit to live,
who is not fit to die ; nor am I any ways concern-
ed at what I have done. **

Tie Earl of Cromarty received a pardon on the
9th of August, and on the 1 1th an order was sign-
ed in council for the execution of Lords Kilmar-
nock and Balmerino. Cromarty and Kilmarnock
had both alike hoped for pardon, and most people
expected that Balmerino would he the only vic-
tim. Bat the resentment of the King at Kilmar-
nock's ingratitude, and the unfavourable impres-
sion which the Duke of Cumberland had received
of his character, together with the gross prevaricsr
tions upon which he had grounded his claims
-for mercy, determined, it was supposed, tbat he
should also perish. Two writs, therefore, passed
^e Great Seal on the 12th, empowering the Lord
Comwallis, Constable of the Tower, to deliver the
bodies of the Eari of Kilmarnock and Lord Bal-
merino to the Sherifis of London, for execution^ on
the 18th.

Nothing could mark more strongly the different
characters of these two unfortunate noblemen,
than the way^in which each respectively reoeired

tRlAhS AMD IXECUnOMft* 24S

iaitelligence of this final order. It was conmmii-
cated to Kilmamoek by Mr Foster, a dissenting
or Pkiesbyterian clergyman, who had spent some
thne before with his Lordship in religions exer«
eises, and in some measm^ prepared his mind for
^e dreadful annoancement. When the words of
doom feM upon the ear of the culprit, their force
was softened by the religious consolations with
which they were accompanied ; and Kilmarnock
received them with the tranquillity and resigna<»
tion of a true Christian. Bahnerino, on the con-
trary, heard the news with all the unconcern and
lerity with which he might hare some months be-
Ibre reoeired an order for some military movemeaL
He was sitting at dinner, with his lady, when the
warrant arrived ; and, on her starting up distract-
edly and swooning away, he coolly proceeded to
recover her by the usual means, and then, remark-
ing that it should not make him lose his dinner,
sat down again to table as if nothing had happen-*
ed. He could even scarcely help chiding her
for the concern she had displayed in his b^alf,
requesting her to resume her seat at table, and
absolutely laughing when she declared her inability
to eat. The gentle piety and resignation of Kil-
marnock excited universal admiration and pity
among the Whigs, while the indifference of Bal-
merino was hailed, by hid own party, as the
heroism of a martyr.

The day appointed for the execution was Mon-
day the 18th of August. On the Saturday pre-
ceding, General Williamson thought proper to
give Kilmarnock an account of all the circum-
stances of solemnity and outward terror which
would accompany 't^. He mformed his LordBh^>

M4 TMAtis AKD nxBtjmovs*

that, abowl tea id the mocning, the Shertt
eome to deaund the priBoaerst who would be de-
livered to them at the gate of the Tower ; ^diaft
from thence, if their Lordships thought proper,
they shottld walk on foot to the hotwe ilppoiBted
en Tower-hill for their reoeptioD, where the rogme
wonld be bang with Uack^ to make the m<Me de«
cent and solemn appearanoe, and that the scaifiDld
would also be ooTered with black ckith ; that hie
Loidahip might repose and prepare hiBSBeli^ in thsi
room fitted np for him, as long as he thong^i gob^
▼enienty rememhering only that the wwrrant for
execiition was limked to one o'clod( ; tlmty be-
eaoae of a eomplamt made by Lord Kenmwre n
1716, that the block was too low, it was raised
to the height of two feet ; that, to fix it the mora
fimdy, props would be placed directly under it»
that the certainty or decency of the executioa
might not be obstructed by any ooncnssion- or sad-
den jerk of the body. In all this L<Krd Kilmer*
nock expressed his satisfiM^tton. Bat, when in-
formed that two mourmng-hearBes would be placed
dose by the scaffold* so that, when the heads were
atrack off, die coffins might soon be taken out to
receive the bodies, he sidd it would be better to
have the coffins upon the scaffold, for. by dial
means the bodies would be soonm* removed out of
sight. Bemg further informed, that an execiH
tionerwas provided, who, besides being expert,
was a very good tort of man, be exclaimed, ^' Ge-
neral, this is one of the worst circumstances that
you have mentioned. I cannot thm^oughly like^
for a work of this kind, your good sort of men.
One of that character must be tender-hearted and
compoaskmate ; and a rougher and k»s sensihla

' niALS AUD XX1CUTIOM8. tM

fmmmkvmM \» mneh nore fit for lbs offiiaiw''
H« then feqaftstad thst four penoM viight b«
appoiated to leeeive the head, when it wm eever*
wtriraan the body, in a red doth, in order that it
iMght not, ae he had been informed waa the ease
In awne fernier execntions, roll about the aeafibld^
and be thereby mangled and disigured'; adding,
ttet.this was a Bmali circaoMlaaee in comparifloa,
biit he was not willing that his body riionld be ex*
paaed to any uanecesaary indecency aftnr the ym%
amteoce of the law had been execated. Tlffongh*
ant this trying conversation, his Lordship is said
to JiaYe.maintaiaed as nraeh compoooie as the least
nampmsioaitn reader can doin pemsiag a mem re-
part af it. Genial WiUiamsoa advised him, id
aaaclnsion, to think fmquently on the circamBtancea
of his deatb-sceae, in order that they might make
the less impressimi when presented to bis senses.

At six o*cloGk in the momiag of the day of ex^
aeation, a troop of Life-goaids, a troop of HorsO
Grenadier Guards, and about a thousand Foot
Gsavds, drew themselves up on Tower Hill,* in
ibafami of a battledorB->^he round part enclosing
die scaffold, and the handle, formed by two linesf
ttiieading to the lower gate, with a proper space
baMveen for the processimi to pass. Aboat eight
a'dock, the Sheriffii of London, their Under«She«
dA, and their- officers, namely, six sergeants at
maoe^ six yeomen, and the ^Lecutioner, met at the
Mitre Tavern, in Fenehurch Street, where they
bcaaldasted. They soon after went to the honsa
hired by tbem for the reception of the prisoners,
which was about thirty yards distant, and in fron^
of which the scaffold bad been erected* Aa ten
o'csUcky the block waa fixed, covered arith> black

tM raiAM AVD SXHCUTIOirS.

cMi, wai tenenA 8«d»^ nw^taBt w&m y ioi vM^
•d, to b« mnrmiL upon tlie bcmMM. Soon altatv
Uw «ir« oofiun ivere brovglit upon lile MsaAMf
ThoM were emend with bkdc ciotli, wnwamenteA
wiA gilt ai&, fuiid upon tbat of Kiiflnra««k w«
a pkte widi tins inmnpitMii, *^ GnMohmw Ce««i
do KrimuMck dec»)hittts, IS^ Augwti 1746^ 2S^
lBt.nBs48/' wkksft'Eaii's coronet over it; wKii
fioliimrino « bote, *^ ArtlmniB Domimis do Balitt»<
riao docollaliis, 18^ Augmti 1746, MtaX. mufS
68,^" mirmouoted by the oolMiiet of a Baroii.
• These praponttioiis over, the offioere to whoiw
^ nMungemeat of the exeeolioii was by law a»«'
signed, w«at ia pfrocessiim to die. Tow«r, aad
haooked at the gate, when the Warder whfaia^ariN
•d, <* Who's there ? " and was answered by mt
aAoer, "^ The Sherifis of London and Middlesex. "
Aeoetding to aadei^ ^uag^ the Warder ariced^
** M^Mt fib they waat ? " ttid the offioenaaawered,
«< The bodies of WiBiam, Earl of Kilmamoclr, and
Ajrdiur, Lord Bahneiiao. " The Warder said, << I
will go and infona the Lieatenant of the Towov"
Whan Genend WiUiatason 'ConBeqoenlty iafmaied
the Earl of Kihnamock that the Sherffi were
waiting for the prisonos, las Lordship, hamp
oam]^elely preparad himself lor the terrible an^
Bonnccaieat, was not in the least degree agitated^'
bat . said, calmly, << General, I am veady, and
wiU ioUow yea. " In going down stairs, he' met
•Bahaerino at the fimt laading^-plaoe, who em^
biaced him affectionately, and said, ^f My Lsnly
I am heartily sorry to hare year conpaay in this
expedition. " The two anfortanate nobleflBon were
then conducted to the Tower-gate, and delivered
over to the Sfaeriffi^ wha^ve raceipis to the Di«

TAIALS AND MXMCUTlOUa. Sli7

|nity-Li«BleMBl» far^lMir penons. As fh&y ivMtt
faftTing tlie Towec, the Dspvty-LieHteBuit, ao*
«ordiDgt0eMtoiD» cried) ^GodblMKIogGMiger^
te which KUnMBiBOck madea baiv^, while the iniead^
UeBalmefliDo esKlaimed,'* GM bkm Kmg Jamm ! "
•The prdoeetioB moved in « slow aoid aoleniii xoaea^
ttier towards <the home prepared lor ihe reoeptioft
of the Lords ; Kilmamoek attended by Mr Sheriff
BJaekford, with Messn Foster and Home^ two
Pkwsbyteiian dergymen, and Bolmeiino supported
by Mr Sheriff Cookayne^ accompanied by the cbap^
Un of the Tower and another minisier of the E-
piacopalian persuasioa* As they were moving a^
longy acme pereon was heard to exchdm from the
OTHtTonnding erowd, *' Which is Bahnerino ? " whe*
llmt nobleman instantly tmrned half ronnd, and po»
litely said) " I am Balmenno. " Two hearses and
a mourning coach followed the procession, adding
an laeKpressible solemnity and gloom to a scena
ahready aa melancholy as can be conceired.

On airiving iwithin the area around the scaffold^
the two Lords were conducted into sepmrate apart^
anents in the house fitted up fw their receptiiH^
whtte their friends were admitted to see themb
The walls of this house were hung with black, as
well aa the passage leading from it to the scaffold^
and the scaffold itaelf, at the expense of the She*
nib. When the pageant had come to the scaffold^
the troops which lined the road from the Tower
doaed in behind the reat, and the scaffold was thus
aoirounded by soldiers six deep.

Aliout eleven o'clock. Lord Kilmarnock leeeiv*
ed a message from Lord Balmermo, requesting aa
intenriew ; which being consented to, Balmerino
., vol.. u. . X

Mi TBIALft AHO 8XSOUTUWB.

WM'UitMhiiidod urto Kilimnnnk'n tpwtninfc* TIbe
conTCHnlion wbioh took plaoi^ k reported by Mr
Foster to have beeo pradaely as ioUo>WB : — ^BAt^*
MJiRiNO. ** My Lordy I beg leave to eek your
Lordafaip one qaeetioa. "-^Kilmarnock* *' To
any qaeetion, my Locd, that yoa ahaU think it pro-
per to aek) I brieve I shall see no reason- to cie*
cline ginog an answer. "— B* t' Why, then, wf
Lordp dkl yoa ever see or know of any order,
signed by the Prinoe» to give' no quarter at Cidk>-
den? "— K. « No^ my Lord.' —B. « Nor I, nei-
, ther ; and therefore, it seems to be an inventiiA- to
justify their own murdere. ''i— K. *' No, my Lord»
I do not think that inference can be ^awn finem
it ; liecausei while I was at Inyemess, I was in-
formed by several officers that there was such aa
wder, signed ' Geofge Monay ; ' and that it waa
in the Duke s cnstody. "— >B. ^* Lord George Miuw
ray I Why, then, they shoold not chaige it i^mmi
the Prince.' '* His Lordship then took his leaver
embracing. his fellow-prisoner with great tender-
ness^ and saying to him, << My dear Lord Kilmar-
nock, I am ojily sorry that I cannot pay all this
reckoning alone.' Once more, ivreweli for ever ! "
Lprd Kilmarnock spent nearly an hour after
this converaation, in devotion with Mr Foster and
tlie gentleman attending him, and in making de<
daiationa that he sincerely repented of his crime,
and had resumed at this lait hoar his former at-
tachment to the reigning Cunily. His rankgini^
him a dreadful precedence in what was to ensaoi
he was led first to the scafiold. Before leaving
the room, he took a tender farewell of all the
friends who attended htm. Wiien he stepped upoa
*hm scaiTold, iTotwithstanding all his. previooa at*

TRiAirS AN0 mBcirrKniB. 249

tempts to fanrififtiiBe his infajd wftfl tlie idea of tliio
scene, he ooald not help being somewhat appalled
at die sight of so many dreadful objects ; and he
Binttered in the ear of one of the atten<lant clergy-
men, *^ Home, this is terrible I** He was habited
in dolefnl blacky and bore a countenance which,
tliongh quite composed, wore the deepest hue of
melancholy. The sight of his care-worn but still
faatodsome figure, and of his pale resigned connte*
oanoe, produced a great impression upon the spec*
taloTs, many of whom burst into tears* The exe-
eutioner^hkaself was so much affected, that hewaa
aUiged to drink seTond glasses of spirits, to brace
his nerres for the work of death*

From a note contemporary print of the Exeen-
tioii of Lord Kilmarnock, it appears that the scaf-
fold was Tery small, and that there were not abore
six or seren persons altogether upon it at the time
Ml Lordship submitted to the blodc. The block
is a piece of wood, considerably higher than may
be generally supposed ; the culprit only requiring
to kneel and be«d a little forward in order to bring
his neck over it. The cloth which originally
cohered the surrounding rails, is turned up in such
a manner as to giro the spectators below an uniup
termpted yiew of the dreadfal circumstanoes of
the scene. The culprit appears kneeling at the
block, without his coat and waistcoat, and the iiitt
of hie shirt hanging down. The figures upon the
scaffold, all except one of awfully important cha-
HH^ter, are dressed in those full dark suits of the
foshion of King George the Second s reign, which
onr grandfathers used to call by the dignified ap-
peHirtion, *' a stand of mournings ; " and moot of

tSO TaiAU AKD KXBCUnONff*

llieiii hftf« wlnte hand efcbiofa at ^Mir eyes, aad
0xpntB, by their attitades, the meet yiolent gne£.
It was a little after mid-day when the unlAppy
Kilmamock approadied the scene of his last sol*
fluings. After monntang the scaffold, and taking
Wave of Mr Foster, who chose to retire, he strips
ped off his upper clothes, tamed down his shirt,
and arranged his long dressed hur, (preyiooaly m,
a bog), under a laige napkin of damask clotfay
which he had brought for the purpose of forming
k into a cap. He also informed the executionery
to whom he gave a purse containing fire g^niaea%
that he WQuki give the signal for the descent of the
axe, about two minutes after he should lay his neck
upon the block, by dropping a handkepchief.
Thmk he went forward and knelt upon a black
cushion, which was placed for the purpose be«^
ion the block. Whether to support himself or
as a more convenient posture for devotion, ha
happened, to lay his hands upon the surface of the
Uodc, along inth his neck ; and the executioner
was obliged to desire him to let them fall down,
lest they should be 'mangled or break the blow.
Being informed that the neck of his waistcoat
was in the way, he rose once more upon hia
feet and with the help of one of his friends^
( Mr Walkiogshaw oi Scotstoup,) had that gar-
ment taken oSL This done, and the neck being
made completely bare to the shoulder, he again
knelt down as before. Mr Home's servant, who
held a comer of the cloth to receive his .head,
heard him at thiii moment remind the executioner
that he would give the sjignal in about two minutes.
That interval he spent in fervent devotion* as ap-
peared by the motion of his hands, and now and

TRIALS AND EXECUTIONS. 9&t

then of his head. Having then fixed his neck'
down close upon the block, he gave the signal;
his body remained without the least motion till
the descent of the axe ; which went so far through
the neck at the first blow, that only a little piece
of skin remained to be severed by the second.

The head, which immediately dropped into the
cloth, was not, exposed in the usual manner by the
executioner, in consequence of the pnsoner's ex-
pi-ess request, but deposited with his body in the
coihn, which was then delivered to his Mends, and
deposited in the hearse. The scaffold was then
cleaned, and strewed with fresh saw dust, so that
no ^ appearance of a former execution might re-
main to offend the feelings of Lord Balmerino ;
and the executioner, who was dressed in white^
<5hanged such of his clothes as were bloody.

The Under-sheriff then went to the apart*
ment of Balmerino, who, upon his entrance, said
that he supposed Lord Kilmarnock was now no
jnore, and asked how the executioner had per*
formed his duty. Being informed upon this point,
he remarked that it was well done. He had pre-*
viously maintained before his friends a show of re-
solution and indifference which perfectly astonish-
ed them ; twice taking wine, with a little bread,
and desiring them to drink him ** a degree to
heaven. " He now said, " Gentlemen, I will de-
tain you no longer, for I desire not to protract my
life ; " saluted them with an air 6f cheerfulness
which drew tears frodi every eye but his own ;
and hastened to the scaffold.

The appearance of Balmerino upon this fatal
stage produced » very different sensation among

t52 T«IAt8 AND EXACVTIOirS.

ike ipeMt<»m from tibat occasioned by Kiknaniock.
His firm step, his bold bluff fignis, but above all
bis dress, tbe saqae regimental snit of blue tnxn^
^ np with red» which he had worn throughout
the late canapaign, expited breathless admiratiiHi,
rather Uiau any emotion of pity, and m^de die
cmwd regard him as a being of a superior na-
ture. So £ELr from expressing any concern about
bis ly^proaching death, he even reproved the ten-
derness of Sfach of his friends as were about him*
Walking round the scaffold, he bowed to the people,
and inspected the inscription upon his coffin, which
he de^slaned to be correct. He also asked which
^fr^B his hearse, and ordered the man to drive near.
Then looking with ^ air of satisfaction at the
blodc, which he design^t^d as his " piUaw cfrettT
he took out a paper, and, putting on hk spec-
tacles, read it to the iew about him. It contained a
declaration of his unshaken adherence to the Housb
qf Stuart, and of his regret for ever having served
iji the armies of their enemies, Queen A^e and
George the First, which he considered the only
&,ults of his life deserving his present fate.
. finally, he called for the executioner ; who im-
ipediately appeared, and was about to ask his for-
giveness, when Balmeiino stopped him, by sayii^
*' Friend, you need not ask forgiveness ; the exe-
cution of your duty is commendable. " PreAsent-
i|ig the fellow with three guineas, he addfed,
'I Friend, I never had much money ; this is all I
now have ; I ifrish it w^ more for your sake ; and
am sorry 1 can add nothing to it, but my coat and
waistcoat*" He took off thfsse garments, and
laid them upon his coffin for the executioner.

THIAI,8 AK1> MXM/CVJWmm 2M

t la his inmiedaBtft fmpantioiia for deaA, thk
«uigiilar maa displayed the suae woaderful degree
4»f coolaess aad iatrefudtty. Having pat oa a
flanaeLvest which had beea made oa parpose, t»*
felher with a cap of tartan» to doaote, he saad^
^hat he died a Scotsmaa, he weat to the block
aadt kaeeling dowa, wen\ throagfa a sort of re*
beanal <tf the ez^aticm, to the iastractioa of the
^xecatioaer; showiag him how he shoald giva
tjbe signal for the blow by dt>opping his anas.
He thea retained to his Mends^ took a teader
fiirewell of theai» aad,. looking rooad apoa tha
^rowd, aaidi '* I am afiaid there are some whm
may think my behavionr bold ; bat, (addressing a
gentleman near him), remember Sir, whet I tell
yoa; it arises from a eoafidenoe ia God, andft
i^lear conscience. "

. At this moment, he obsenred the execntioaer.
fl|tiaiding with the axe, aad» g^oing ap to him, took
the £fttal weapoa into his own hand and felt ita
^dge* On returning it, he showed the man. where
to strike his neck, and animated him to ck> it with
idgonr and. resolution ; adding, ^* for in that, friend^
ipoll consist your mercy* " With a coantenaace of
the! utmost cheerfulness, he then kneii down at tha
block, and, atteriag the followiqg words :— " O
iard, reward my friends, forgive my eaemies, bless
t^e Prince and the Duke, and receive my soul, "-—
dropped his arms for the blow. The executioner,
i)^collecting the deliberation of> Lord Kilmarnock,
was thrown out by the suddenaess with which the
signal was given in the present case, aad gave his
blow without taking accurate aim at. the proper
place. He hit the unfortunate, nobleman betweea
the shoul^en; depriving ban in. a great messacen

[ '

2S4 TRIALS AND BXICUTIOKS.

it was sapposed) of 'sontatlOTi, but by no means
producing death. It has been said by some wbo
witnessed this dreadfal siSene, that the unfonnnate
man turned his head half round, and gnashed bis
teeth ^ther with rage or pidn, wbil^ his 'eyebalb
glared dreadfully, in the lace of the executioner.
If this was the case, it fortunately did not prevent
the man from recorerbg his presence of mind ;
for he immediately brought down another blow,
which wient throogh two-thirds of the neck. Death
immediately followed this stroke, and the body
foH away frotn the block. It was presently re-
placed by some of the by-standers ; and a third
blow completed the work.

The fate of these unfortunate noblemen excited
more public interest than perhaps any other thing
connected with the insurrection. The Jacobitesi
together with all such as \^ere of a bold temp^^
ment, applauded the behaviour of Balmerino;
while the Whigs, and all persons of a pious dispo-
sition, admired die placid and devout resigna^n
of Kilmarnock. Every member of the state seem-
ed to have chosen his ftLvourite nobleman, in whose
b^ialf he was prepared to talk, dispute, and even
to fight. Innumerable publications appeared re-
garding them, informing the public of their historyt
and discussing their- respective and very opposite
diaracters. ^ Among these it is remarkable, thai
no one did justice, eiUier to the profound humility
and sorrow-struck contrition of Kilmarnock, or to
the dauntless magnanimity and serenity of Balme-
rino. One set cants about Kilmarnock's long pray-
ers and death-wrung petitions to King Geoi^ :
the other talks with indignation of Balmerino's
continued rebellion and hig soldier«like levity. It

9mXALS ASSD XXBCUTIOllfti Wtt

h still more vemaAMiB^ petiiape, lluit no |Mi!bl{<»*
tUMi of the time adrocated the propriety of showing
Mercy to these or te any other of the rebels. AU
the iiiigitire writers seem to have been impressedy
fm this oecasioD) with a temble idea of the power
of Govaeinment, and to have Aonght that the only
way in which they conld make sure of their dwn
liyes waa te permit the law to be gorged willi other
victims. Almost the only remonstianee which ap«
pears to have been made^ was the simple insertion
m one or two of the Jacobite Jovmalsy of tiie well
known passage in M easnre for Measnro :

' Ko ceremony tfist to die great belongs,
Not the Kif^fl crown, nor the depuM iwoffd«
The ManhaTs truncheon, nor die Judge's rob<v
Becomes them with one half so good a grace,
' As Mercy does. — — — Alas falas !
' Why, all ^he souls that were, were finfeit once •
• And he that might th* advantage once haTe took*
. Foand out the r&aedy* How would you h^
If he, which is the top of judgment, should
But judge you as you are f Oh, think on tba^
' And Mercy then will brei^e within your lips,
like men new made.— -

To-morrow ? Oh 1 tbaf s sudden ; qpare him, spare him!
He's not prepared for death. 5

James Nicholson, Walter OgilWe, and Donald
]SCaediwald» forming a selection firom the Seottisli
•fficera taken at Carlisle, were the^ext Tietims of
the offended State. They were eondemned at St
Margaret's Hill, on the 2d of Augvst (along with
Alexander MacGrowtber, who was afterwards re*
prieved), and executed at Kennington Common
on the 22d* Nicholson had kept a c<^ee-hoase
at Leith, and was a nan in middle life ; bat Mac*
Donald and Ogilvie were both young men of
good families^ ^ fix»t,a cadet of the family of

CM TRIALS. AMD KXSC VTKUia.

Jb&pf^At •bA the elUcr * mAm «l ihm
Bao£ J3iey irara cwdiietad te the fdaoe <)f eB»-
cotioa in e aledgey goeprded bye pvrty of hone
ginnadien and a detachveiit of the foet*f;«ards.
M^cDonftld and Nkhokon appeared at dbe last
solemn scene in their Highland dneaa. Thejr spent
an.boiir in devotion upon the scaffold, and wera
then ^rocnted ^ in precisely the same manner with
Franeis Townly and his companions, except that
they were permitted to hang fifteen minotea be-
foie. being dismembered ; the bornd drcamstaneaa
of the farmer ezecetion- having been ftmod tea
nrachy even for the feelings of the nDseasitive crowdy
which nsndly a ss em bles on-snch ooeasiens.

During the course of the two ensniBg' months,
msny tnals took place at St Margaret's Hill,
without any of the prisonerB^.. receiving sentence
of death* Bnt, on Ae 15th of November, judg"
ment wss at length pnmonnced npon no fewer
than twenty-two nersons, who had been convic-
ted singly at different times ; and oat of t-hsse
five were ordered for execntion on the 28tfa of
November. The names of the nnfortnnate per*
sons were John Hamilton, Alexander Leith, Sir
John Wedderbum, Andrew Wood, and Jamea
Bindduiw. Hamilton had been governor of Car*
lisle, and signed its capitulation; Leith was aa
aged and infirm man, who had ^stingnished hini-
salf by.his activity as a captain in the Dnke of
Perth's, regiment; Sir John Wedderbnm had act-
ed as receiver of the Excise duties and cess raised
by the insuigents ; Andrew Wood was a youth ef
little more than two-and-twenty, who had dis-
played gieat courage and aeal in the regiment of
Jolm J^y Stewart ; and firadshaw wm a le^eel*

mUe tmA vniMxf mefdiaiit of Mandiesler, wbo htA
abandoned his bvsiaetB, and spent his/bitane in th^
cavse for wfakh he was now to lay dowii his life.
The ezecntioa of these gentletnen^ 'which took
place on the 38th of November, was attended
with some 9lSoctmg drcamstaneeB. Before nine
o'clock in the wt&rmagy the servants of the -keeper
iUiloeked the rooms in which Sk John Wodder-
tern, Mr Hamilton, and James Btadshaw w«r6
confined, and, uttering the awful announcemooft
that they w^re to die, desired them to prepare
tlvemselves for the Sheriff, who would immediately
otune to demand their persons, Althongh th4
was the -first certain intelligence they had of their
frte, they received it with calmness, and said they
would soon be ready to obey the Sheriffs inquest.
They then took a melancholy farewell of a fellOw-
officer of the name of Farquhareon, who had been
r»^ited, and was confined on the same side of
the prison. The keeper's servants proceeded to
roBse the rest of the doomed -men> beside^ one of
the name of Lindsay, who was as yet expected td
share their fiite. When they were told to prepare
for the sheriff. Wood inquired if Governor Hamil-
ton had been finally consigned to eicecution ; and
being answered in the affirmative, remarked, ** that
he was socry for that poor old gentleman." They
were led- into the fore port of the prlsoii, ' and pro-
Tided with a slight refreshment. On account of ■
tiie policy of Government hi granting reprteves M
the last hollr, Bradshaw slill hoped to be parddn-^
edy and endeavoured, on this occasion, to display
a confident dieerfulness of manner. Wood, en*
tertaitting no such expectations,- called' for wihe,^
and drank the health of his pdHtteal idols, Jboldly

SM nuALt AVD sxacuTiojia.

WMunttBg lo ^^^ Irii tfiMMNMhle title* T liwfdwjif V
Mprieye aimed at Hae moment when be wae anibr
Butting to haTe hk hande tied* and pfodoced avch
an effect mpon his leeliagB as almoat to depriFe
Idm of the life which it was designed to save*
The sangiiine Biadshawy whose halter was just then
ikiown oyer his heady eagerly inquired ** if theva
was any news for hinu " — '^ The Sheriff is Gom%
•pd waits for you I " was the awfid answer knelled
■fiea the poor man's ear*

They were dmwn to the place of execution in
two sledges, Bradahaw shedding tears of disapr
^intaMnt and wretchedness. They arrived a$
the root of the fatal tree a little after noou^ and
the vocation immediately took place, in the nudst
of a vast crowd of -spectatois. Bradahaw, and also
ISir Jolm Wedderbum, were observed to look
eamestly at the gallows as they drew, near to it»
The whole prayed for King James, and declared
they did not fear death. Bradahaw was tied up
first, ' and the rest as they were taken out of the
riedges. The waggon was drawn away from her
aeath them, while they were yet imploring the
Almighty to reomve their souk. On beiog cut
down, their bowels were taken out and thrown
into a fire winch biased near the gallows* Their
bodies were afterwards surrendered to their friends*

In the meantime, tins bloody work had been
proceeding with still greater energy at Carlisle
and York, where it was thought necessary to try
the most of the insurgents who had been tak&a at
CuUoden, by the forms of an English court of
Oyer and Terminer, instead of placing them at
the mercy of their countrymen, who were now too
gwerally suspected of disaffection to be intrqsted

TEIALS AKD BXSCUTXON8. %6^

^Mdi s eoBHwuMMi IS iiHporlw&t. C«rEile» the
pcueip*! scene ef tMr raWiBeds m Eo^ead, wm
seeded for Am trial ef meet of die priaonen, as a^
place, mom- likdy than aay other to produce a
jmy of the steoip raqatred by Goyemmeiit. The
iwsidt prored that, faoweTer- umch the Scottish
people mig^t iaboor ander the impiitatiMi of ha<^
nasBtty, their Cuaibrian neighbours were not in
tlfte least degree tinged with diat disloyal yice.

Abont the beginning of August, a h(»d— .fer
8«eh it might be termed--*of these ilL^taned . per-
a^tis was impetiedy hke one of their own dmn>eg of
Mack (^le, from the HigfakadB towards Cariirie,
where, on being imprisoned^ they w^e ibimd to
sosowit to no less than tl»ee hundred and eighty*
five. To try so many, indtiiridaais, with the cer-
tainty of finding almost all of them guilty, would
havte looked scMnediing like premeditated masr
aacare ; and might have had an el^BCt upon the na-
tion very different from what was intttaded. It
was therefore determined that, while all the offi-
cers, and others who had distinguished themselres
by zeal in the insurrection^ should be tiied, the
great mass should be permitted to cast lots, one
in twenty to be tried, and the rest to be tmaa-
ported. Sereral individuals refused this extrajudi-
ckd proffer of grace, and chase rather to take thw
dance upon a fair trial. The endenees w^^ chief-
ly drawn frmn the ranksof the King's anay. BUls
of indictraent were found against a himdred and
nmeteen individuids ; and the Mi of September
waa appomled ^e day of trial.

The time which iaterrened between the indict-
ment and trial of the Carlisle prisoners, wasooeupied^
v<KL. II. y 8

260 rniAhs xm exscutiovs.

b7 the Judges, at York where the Grand Jary fonBd
bills of iadictment agaiost seTenty-fiTe insmgeiito
thore confined, whom the Judges- appointed to be
tried on the 2d of October. Notice has already
been taken of the countenance whidi was gi^es
to the bloody proceedings of Goyemment by a
party in the nation, and the publications by pri-
yate individuals, in which severity to the van-
quished Jacobites was not only inculcated, but
insisted on. The reader will learn, with equal
surprise and horror, that even the pulpit waa oc-
casionally made a vehicle for such inhuman aentt-
ments. A dreadful instance occurred here^ on
the 21st of August, when the chaplain of llie
High. Sheriff of York profioned the Christian hoA,
and that glorious minster by preaching, before the
Judges, a sermon, the spirit of which is sufficioidy
indicated by its text — [^Numbers j xxv. 5.] — *^ And
Moses said unto the judges of Israel, Slay ye every
one his man that were joined unto Baal-peor ! "

The Judges again sat down at Carlisle on die
9th of Septemb^ ; on which, and the two follow-
ing days, most of the hundred and nineteen pri-
soners were arraigned. On the 12th, the Grioid
Jury sat again, and found hills against fifteen more.
Out of the hundred and thirty-ikree persons in
all, thus brought to the bar at Cariisle, one obtain-
ed delay, on account of an allegation that he vnA
a peer, eieven pled guilty wh^i arraigned, thirfy^two
pled guilty when brought to trial, ihirty'seven were
found guilty, eleven found guilty, but recomnraod-
ed to mercy, ^zrQ^-5ti; acquitted, and ,/&« remand-
ed to prison to wait for further evidence.

The tiials at York commenced on the 2d of
October, and ended on the 7tb, when, ont of the

TRIALS AND EXECUTIONS. 261

iev^Qity-fivd p^nons indieted, two pled guilty when
arraigned) and Jlfty^two when brought to trial,
twdve were found guilty, four found guilty, but
recommended to mercy, and Jive acquitted. Se-
TBOty in all received sentence of death. The pro-
cess of all these trials appears to have been ex-
tremely simple. Most of the prisoners' endea-
voured to take advantage of the notorious slavery
in which the clans were held by their chiefs, by
pleading that they had been forced into the insur-
gent army against their will ; but their defence was
in every case easily repelled.

Before the middle of October, an order was sent
to Carlisle for the execution of thirty, out of the
ninety-one pereons there imprisoned under sen-
tence ; ten at Carlisle on the 18th (October), ten
at Brampton on the 2l8t, and ten at Penrith on
the 28th. But of the first ten, one was afterwards
reprieved. The names of the remaining nine were
Thomas Cpppock, ® Edward Roper, Francis Bu-
chanan of AiTiprior, Donald MacDonald of Kin-
IcMshmoidart, Donald MacDonald of Tyemdrich,
John Henderson, John MacNaughton, James Brand,
and Hugh Cameron. They were executed, accord-
ing to order, with all those circumstances of bar-
barity which had already attended the former exe-
cutions. Out of the ten who were appointed to
die at Brampton, only six eventually suffered ;
James Innes, Patrick Lindsay, Ronald MacDon-
aldy Thomas Park, Peter Taylor, and Michael
Delard; one having died in prison, and the re-
maining three having been reprieved. Mercy waH
also extended to three of the ten who were de-
signed for execution at Penrith. The names
|rf those who snffeised lit the latter place, were

26S TRIALS AMD EXICUTIONS.

Robert L^fon, Dand Home, Andrew Swan,
Harvie, John Robottoni, Philip Hunty and Valen-
tine Holt

In additiim to the twenty-two persons thus exe-
cuted in the west of Enghmd, other twenty-twv
snfiered at the dty of York ; namely^ on the Irt
of-Noyembery Captain George Hamilton, Daniel
Fraser, Edward ClaFenag, Charles Gordon, Ben-
jamin Mason, James Main, William CoUony, Wil-
liam Dempsy, Angus MacDonald, and James
Sparks ; on the 8th of the snne montii, David
Roe, William Hunter, John Esdswortb, Jolm
MacLean^ John MacGr^or, Simon Mackenzie,
Alexander Parker, Thomas Maeginnes, Archib^
Kennedy, James Thomson, and Midiael &ady ;
Kud, on the 15th, James Reid. Eleven more were
executed at Carlisle on the 15th of Noyeoriier ;
nunely, Sir Archibald Primrose of Dunnipace^
Charles G^nrdon of Dalpersy, Patrick Murray,
goldsmith in Stilling, Patrick Kdr, Alexmder
Stevenson, Robert Reid, John Wallace, Jimes
Michell, Motineux Eaton, Thomas Hays, and Bar-
lashf Matthews^

All these imhappy individuals are said to faava
braved, thro«ighoat the last trying scene, with
a degree of decent ftrmness whicb perfectly aslo-
Hished the beholdera. Every one of them eoa-
tinned, till his last moment^ to jnslify the caase
which had broi^t him to the scidl&ld ; «id ssme
even declared that, if set at lfl>erty, they would
act in the sam* manner as they Jud dene. ^ Tbey
all prayed in thdr last moments for the Exikd
Royal Family, particutirly for Prince Charka^
whom tbey concurred in representing aa« patten.
of an manly exc^eaee, and as a jpersoD cafenUtsd

TRIALS AND EXECUTIONS. 26^

to render the nation happy, should it eyer have the
good fortune to see him restored.
, The lives of nearly eighty persons had now been
destroyed, in atonement of the terror into which
the State had been thrown by the insurrection^
and the appetite of the common people for bloody
spectacles had been satiated almost to loathing.
There yet remained, however, a few individuals,
"who, having excited the displeasure of Govern-^
pient in a peculiar degree, were marked as unfit
for pardon. The first of these was Charles Rat-
clifiTe, younger brother to the Earl of Derwent-
water who had been executed in 1716, and who
bad himself only evaded the same fate by making
Ills escape from Newgate. This gentleman, tak-
ing upon himself the tide of Earl of Derwentwa-
ter, was made prisoner, in November 1745, on
board a French vessel on its way to Scotland
"mth supplies for Prince Charles. After lying
a year in confinement, he- was brought up to
the Bar of the King s Bench (November 21, 1746),
when the sentence which had been passed upon
him thirty years before, was again read to him.
He endeavoured to perplex the Court regarding
his identity ; but it was established satisfactorily,
and he was^condemned to be executed on the 8th
of December. That day he came upon the scaf-^
fold in a suit of scarlet, faced with black velvet,
and trimmed with gold, a gold-laced waistcoat,
white silk stockings, and a white feather in his
hat; and conducted himself, throughout the
dreadful scene, with a manly courage and proud
bearing, which seemed to indicate^ that he held

y 2

t64 TRIALS AND XXECUTIOKS.

the malice of hk cnenies and llie stroke of dtealli
in equal scorn.

The last of all Ifa marij^Sy as ikkej weve styled
by their own party, was Lord Lovat. This mn-
gvlar old man was laBpeached by the House of
Conunoos on the 1 ll^ of December ; his ^al
jkook pTace before the House of Peers cm tbe 9ch
of Ad^rch 1747, md seTwal successire days. Chi
this momentous occasion, he seems to haye exert^
ed all the talente for dissimulation and chicaneiT
which had carried him through life with so nraeh
distiaetioD. But the evidence produced i^amst
him ivas of that kind which no artifice could inh
▼alidate. He was confronted with a prodigiovs
number of letters, which he had written to the
Exiled FamUy^ and m particular to the Young
Chevalier, proainsing them his'assistaaee, and ne-
gotiating thiB proposed elevo^oo of his femHy to a
dukedom. These had been procured from Mur-
ray of Brovghton, who^ pre£nrring to live tiie life
of a dog to dying the death oi aman, had en-
gaged withGoremment to make all the discoveries
in his power for hia own pisidon. Loval could
make no effective stand against such doe«nenl%
and, although he uttered an exculpatory and pi^
liative speech of some eloquenee^ he waa cob«
deaaned to die.

During the ^ace of a wedc which intervened
between his sentence and its execution, he main-
tained, without liie least intevmptioBs thai flew of
animaA spirits and liv^y oonveimtion for which he
had been so remarkable throughout his K^ He
talked to the people about him of his approachiBg
ddath, as he would have talked of a journey which
he designed to take ; and he made the circum- .

TAIAL8 AND BXBCCTIOHB. 265

Stances which were to attend it the subject of in-
numerable witticisms and playful remarks. When
informed, in the forenoon before he left the prison,
that a scaffold had fallen near the place of execu-
tion, by which many persons were killed and
maimed, he only remarked, '' The mair mischief,
the better sport. " He was so weak as to require
the assistance of two persons in mounting the scaf-
fold. Here he maintained the same show of indif-
ference to death. He felt the edge of the axe^
and expressed himself satisfied with its sharpness.
He called the executioner, gave him ten guineas,
and told him to. do his duty with firmness and ac-
curacy ; adding, that he would be very angry with
him, if he should hack and man^e his shoulders.
He professed to die in the Booum Catholic faitfa^
and spent some time in derotion. One of his last
expressbns was the ^' Duioe €t decorum " of H^
lace. With the same cool resignation, he submit*
ted to the executioner, who, fertiraatdy, perf(onn«
ed the^work by one blow.

It romains to be stated that an Act of Indem*
■ity was passed in Jub« 1747; grating the King's
pardon to all who had committed acts of treasea
previous to the year 1745, except abovt eight]^
persom, whose names were speeii^d*

266 PRINCE CHARLES IN FRANCE.

CHAPTER xnr.

PRINCE CHARLES IN FRANCE.

Bru* Come, poor remains of friends, rest on this roclc:.

Julius Ceesar.

Prince Charles terminated his voyage at the
small port of Roscort, near Morlmx, after having
sailed in a fog through the midst of the British
fleet, then cruizing on the coast of Bretagne. Im-
mediately on stepping ashore, he is said to have ,
sunk down upon his knees, and returned thanks to
Heaven for having preserved his life through so
many dangers. He and his company were still
dressed in the nuserahle attire whidi they bad
worn in Scotland ; but they were speedily refitted
by the gentlemen of the neighbourhood.

Intelligence no sooner reached liie French ccmrt
that he was, landed, than the Castle of Si Anthoine
was fitted up for his reception, and liis brother,
attended by a great number of young noblemen,
set out from Paris, to meet and congi'atulate him.
On arriving at that capital, he did not stop for any
refreshment, but drove on to Versailles. The
King was at that time engaged in council upon af-
fairs of importance ; but when he heard that the
Prmce was come, he immediately rose and came

PBIMCB CHARLES 19 VRAMCK. M7

out to give him welcome. The fame of Charles's
proceeduigB in Scotland had made a strong impre^
sion upon the breast of this monarch, as upon the
nation in general, ever so strongly disposed to ad«-
mire deeds of extravagant heroism ; and in now
meeting the gallant youth who had braved and
Buffered so much, he could not help embracing him
with emotions of the tenderest nature. ''My
clearest Prince, " he exclaimed, '' I thank Heaven
for the great pleasu^ of seeing you returned in
safety, after so many fatigues and dangers ; you
liave proved yourself possessed of all the qualities
of the heroes and philosophers of antiquity, and I
hope you will one day receive the reward of such
extraordinary merit. " ' After spending a quarter
of an hour in conversation with the King^ Charles
passed to the apartment of the Queen, who re-
ceived him with the same demonstrations of re-
spect and affection. As he was withdrawing
from the palace, the whole court crowded ar
round him, to express the admiration which they
entertuned for his exploits, and the satisfiMStioii
with which they saw him once more safe in,
France. Scarce could they have testified greater
joy, was the observation of an eye witness, or express-
ed themselves in terms more warm, had the Dauphin
himself been engaged in the same dangerous expe-
dition, and returned from it in safety.

Subsequent events gave rise to a supposition
that Louis XV was but little sincere in his expres-
sions of welcome. It would appear, however,
that the monarch really entertained a strong per-
sonal regard for (7narles, and that to previous
friendship was now added a feeling of a still
warmer nature, a generous admiration of the ,c<«-

268 PRINCB CHABLSS IN FRANCE.

fitancy and fortitude which he had displayed in his
late campaign. If his Most Christian Majesty af-
terwards consented to sacrifice Charles to a neces-
sity in state policy, it must be held to have been
only one of those unfortunate cii'cumstances in
which monarchs are obliged to violate their own
feelings for the sake of their country. * There
was still less reason for supposing the kindness of
the Queen to be equivocal. Her Majesty was
prepossessed in favour of Charles, on account of
his resemblance to his mother, who had been her
early and most intimate friend. She is thus said
to have regarded him rather with the fondness of
a mother than the favour of a queen. This afifec-
tion for him was heightened by her interest in
his fate. She beheld him with all that indefinable
mixture of love and respect with which it seems so
strikingly the characteristic of the female heart to
treat those who acquire a name for " the dangers
they have passed. " She is said to hftve often de-
tained him in her chamber for hours together, re-
lating to her and her attendant ladies the strange
and varied adventures he had met in Scotland ;
and with so lively a feeling of pity were these re-
citals usually attended, that he seldom failed to
leave the fair assemblage drowned in tears.

The attentions which he received at court, and
even the^ applause which his appearance every
where excited amongst the public, agreeable as
both must have been to a youthful mind, were en-
tirely neutralized by the intelligence which was
every day arriving, of the cruelties exercised
by the British Government upon his unfortu-,
nate adherents. In the language which a poet
afterwards put into his mouth, ^* nought could

PRINCE CHARLES IN FRANCE. 269

ieem {feasant, and nought could seem fair, " so
long as his mind was occupied with the gloomy
sensations which naturally arose from that cause.
He was nevertheless obliged, soon after his arrival'
to |my a public and ceremonious visit to the French
King, in the character with which his father had*
Hwested him, that of Regent of Scotland, England,
and Ireland, the interview which he had already
had bemg only private and incognito. On this oc-
casion, be moved in procession from his Castle
of St Anthoine, with the Scottish gentlemen
who had come over with him ; Xords Ogilvie and
Elcho, together with the venerable Glenbucket
and Kelly his Secretary, in one coach ; he himself
in the next, along with Lord Lewis Gordon and
the elder Lochiel ; the third contained four ffen-
tlemen of his bed-chamber ; and young Lochiel
and some other gentlemen followed on horseback
whole made a very respectable appearance,
especially Charles himself, who wore a dress as
remarkable for its costliness and splendour as
his late attire was shabby and wretched. His
coat was of rose-coloured velvet, embroidered with
Sliver tissue. His waistcoat was of rich gold bro-
cade, with a spangled fringe set on in scallops. The
cockade in his hat and the buckles in his shoes
were diamonds. The George at his bosom, and
rfie order of St Andrew, which he wore at one of
the button-holes of his waistcoat, were illustrated
with large brilliants. « In fine, " says the good
Jacobite who records his appearance, « he glitter-
ed all over like the star which appeared at his na-
tivity. " He supped with the Royal Family ; and
^11 his friends and attendants were entertained at

^0 PRINCX CHARLES IN FRANCK.

nffions tables, wfakh had been appointed fertfaenr
according to their rank.

Whatever was the extent of friendship whicii die
French King ejfitertained for Charles, it was des-
tined soon to give way before the more powerM
inflnenceof politics. The only motive'which fae had
ever had for nrging the chums of the House of
Stoart against the reigning family, or for enter-
taining Charles at his conrt, lay in his vnsh to
annoy) by this means, a powerful enemy, and in a
certainty that, by resigning him at some period,
he m^ht make a peace, when such coidd not
otherwise be well obtained. It has been already
seen that, after he had sacceeded m fairly embroii-
ing Britain in a civil war, he left Charles in a great
measnre to work ont his own date ; contented wHIi
having achieved the object of the moment, and as
indifferent to the fate of the tool as the ardier is
to that of the airow which he drives through the
mail of his foeman. Now that Charlea was re*
turned, although he felt personally an affection for
the gallant young man, he had no scmple in seek-
ing to employ him once more in the same heart-^
less policy. He embodied several regiments of
the exiled cavaliers, at the head of which he placed
Lochiel, Lord Ogilvy, and others who bad dis-
tinguished themselves in the late insnrrectioa.
He removed the minister who was chiefly blamed
for having withheld the supplies promiaed to
Charles when in Scotland, ,and put another in his
place, whose attachment to the Stuart family was
unquestionable. He posted the new regiments at
Dieppe, Boulogne, and Calais ; and caused the re-
port of a new invasion to be loudly proclaimed.

Charles, however willing in his turn to vail his

JTBIVCX CHAS&X8 IN VBAMCK. 871

fMluigi to the dictates of policy, had too
■ftvcb good sense not to comprehend the trae mo^
tMW and object of these pieparationsy and too
paaqli pride not to resent them. He told the
French ministry in plain terms that the force pro*
▼ided was qnite insufficimt, and that he wonld
neither haaBsrd his own person nor those of his
Ikieads in so romantic an expedition. He also
look eara to declare in public, that he would nerer
again set his foot within the British territories, nn*
IfiSB called by the people, or widli a force sufficient
to oremwe all opposition, and saye the efibsion of
bloody too miich of which, he added, had slready
been shed. Ltcmsy bowerer, achieved in some
the object of his policy ; for, in conse-
of the preparations which seemed to be
on the French coast for an invasion, the
troops were prevented from embarking
for FlandefB so early in the year as they were re-
^pured.

It may here be mmitioned, that Charles never
was beard to express any satisfaction on account of
the numerous victories which France gained over
BcilHn and her allies, during this unfortunate war.
He either affected, or did feel as a Briton, and,
e<HiBidering the honour of that country as his own,
regretted every incident which tended to degrade
her in the eyes of Europe. He even expressed
himself in this manner to die Royal Family and the
ministMB.; and never permitted any Frenchman
to follow the bent of bis nature in his presence by
depredatiag the. Englidi, without retorting some
fsflexiMi upon the Frendi, which at once silenced
him*

YOU II. z

279 PRIHCS CHARLBS IN VRAlfCB.

TWagh thus wieajded by the Frandiy he did
not think it necessary altogeliier to re j ect the
slender aasistaiiee they offered him, bat, on their
repreaentbg that they could give no more at pm^
sent, declared he would wait their time, and in
the meanwhUe proposed to apply to some other
friendly courts for additions to his armament. He
proposed Spain ; and the French ministers had no
hesitation in sanctioning the measure, becanse they
knew that that country was then even more un*
able than themselves to increase his force. He
was aware of this himself; but thought it advise-
able to sound his most Catholic Majesty regard-
ing his affection to the interests of the Hoose
of Stuart.

Accordingly he visited Madrid, where be was
most kindly receiv«d by the King, Queen, and
Queen-Dowager. That he procured no levies, was
abundantly plain, from the event ; but the King
is said nevertheless to have treated him with great
attention. Besides contributing fifty thousand pis-
toles towards the object of his enterprise, he present-
ed him with a fine gold-hilted sword, set with bril-
liants. The Queen, moreover, gave him a small
box adorned with her picture, and a ring valued at
fifteen hundred pistoles.

Charles remained only five or six days in Ma-
drid, but was absent from Paris four months;
a space which it was supposed he had employed
in visiting two other courts friendly to his interests.
Before his return, an incident had taken place
which is said to have occasioned him ihe greatest
ttneasiness. His younger brother, Henry Bene-
dict, had been induced, daring this interval, to ac«
cept of acardinaJate, which was offered ^to him

PBIVCB CHARLES IN FRANCE. S73

1^ the Pope. The diminished prospect which
BO^ remained of the restoration of his family^ and
tile desire of enjoying an independent rerenne,
w«re the nrgent and snliicient motives which sane-
tioaed this step. Bnt Charles rightly judged that
nothing conld have heen contrived better calculated
to increase the dislike of the English people to his
dynftsty, and was accordingly so much incensed at
bis broker, that for some time he forbade his name
to be mentimied in his company.

It would have perhaps been better for Charles
if he had imitated the prudent conduct of his bro-
ther, and at once renounced the pretensions which
were destined to occasion him so much pain and
calamity. He might have now tetired with a good
grace into the shades of private life, and spent
many respectable ! years m the enjoyment of that
hanej ^ which he had certainly acquired by his
Bcotlash campaign. Nothing, in that case, would
have been remembered of him, but the glory of
that enterprise" alone, and, like a child who dies
before its character, good or bad, has been deve-
k^d, he would have been esteemed for expected
good, more than for known*evil. Unfortunately,
his ambitious and restless spirit caused him to per-
sist in his claims, till they had become in a great
measure ridiculous, and finely occasioned an inci-
dent which degraded him in the eyes of all
Europe.

' It would appear, that so long as he was upheld
by the admiration of llie public, and whilst the
prospects of his cause were still not altogether
clouded, his spirit maintained its full tide of pride,
and seemed as incapaUe as ever of stooping be-
naatfa the charflcter he affected. A scheme was

97% FRillCB CHAR&M IM WMAMCm^

ooneeived by Candinl Teiicin» tbe Frooch
ter, for restoring hk family through the iiKtenr^
tiqn of Fraaoe, on cooditioa that Ireland was to
be yielded as aa appanage of that kiogdom ; aad
the Cardinal, who Iwd been ndsed to hie jweaea*
distittgoished sitnation entirely by the inflaenoe ol
the House of Stnarti had an intonriew with Chariest
to diacloee the project. Scarcely had he coaeliided
the proposal, when tbe fiery Chevalier started firoBi
his seat in the greatest rage^ and rep ea t e dly ex-
duniDg, ^' NoHf Mottsieur k Catrdimal ! imd am
rien f pimU de portage f "— ^No, no^ Lord Car*
dinal 1 all or nothing ! no partitions 1)— strode
throu|^ the room with the air of a maa who has
been insulted mi the keenest poin^ The Car£«
naly alarmed at his demeflBoar, entreated him net
to mendea the project to the King or aimatry^
as it was entirely an idea of his own^ which he
had conceived oat of his great affeedni for the
Exiled Family. Charles assured him ha should
B«»t so nmch as think of it*

But the period at length arrived whan thisspi*
at was to be e£EMstually ceotvoUedy and the nnhiy
pf Stuart was to fill the Tictiua of that heartless
policy whose tool he had already so con^icnoudy
been. Towards the end of the yew 1747» Fiance
began to be heartily tired of a war, wludiy t h ea gh
attended with innumerable victories, was leading
to no result, except the impoverifiJunent of her
purse, and the stagnatioa of her commeroe ; and
some overtures of peace were made to the Britidi
Government. The latter incidents <tf the war had
hem decidedly fiavenrable to this state^ insoomeh
tha^ many .who previously looked upe» h as ab*
sttid, were now viUiMr that it should be cmd-

FRINGE CHARLES IN FRANCE. 27$t

iNied; bnttbe enormous expense which i% cos^,
and the danger in wHich it bad involved the very
Govenunent itself, determined the ministry to en-^
ter into the terms proposed by France. A treaty
iffTBA accordingly signed at Aix-la-Cbapelle (Octo*
ber -18, 1748), by which, upon the simple grounds
that each state should resign all its conquests, it
^was resolved to conclude the war. By one article
it was stipulated, that France should finally ac*
knowledge the right of the House of Hanover to'
the Crown of Great Britain, and that, in terms of
a treaty entered into in 1718, she should utterly
renounce all alliance with the Pretender and hw
family, and not permit the residence of these per-
sons upon her dominions.

During the twelvemonth which intervened be*
tween the proposal and final settlement of this
/treaty, all Charles's friends expected that he would
anticipate the necessity of his fate, by retiring from
» kingdom where he had met with so litde^
faith. The world was even prepared in some mea-
sure to treat him with the pity, which his circum-
Btances seemed to demand; and in France, at
leasrt;, where he was. in the highest degree be-
lored, his motions were watched with intense inte-^
riBst. To the astonishment of all, he never himself
expressed the least phagrin regarding his fate, or
even seemed to entei;t^in a supposition that he was
to be sacrificed. According to a custom followed
by his grandfather and father at all ti'eaties in which
Great Britain was concerned, he had presented a
protest against the proceedings of Aix-la-Cha-
pelle ; but he took no notice of the particular sti-
pulation which promised so much distress to him-

z 2

§96 FKIHCS CtiABI*B» IN 7KAMCJII.

Mnf* fl6 6T6II tOOK lll6MVr6S tO ^tlfV DBB 1%^^^

fereneeto that paction. He hired a splmdid kotel
i^n the Quai de I%eaiiny in order, lie said, to
be near the pfaef , opera, and other div erriio H ii of
Pant; and he threw into his air a still B^lier
strain of gaietf llian he had ever formerty displays
ed* Whenerer the agitating question of the trei^
of Aix-k^ChapeHe was mentioned, he idfecteif
to feel no personal interest in its ohjeetdr, hnl
eithe!^ fell a singing, ae Um^ an opp o rttt ni ty t9
chiBtge the oonreisation.

Thus apparently lesoired to hraire his late, h&
did not eren refrain front paying his costomary
visits to the court ; though, it was remarised, he
now sought to avoid personal rencontres with die
King. At litis time he adopted a measure^ which
aeen^ed not only to arow Ins sentiments negstrre*
ly, hot to mge them positrrely, and that in a stjle
which, though pardonable and perhaps eren hEudh'
aMe, was to the h»t degree imprad^ent. "He cansed
a meckd to be stracfc, on ther obverse of which nw
dsHneated the emblematical figure Brftemnia, wHfr
a busy seaport, and a fieet <tf war-'vessds by*her side^
and ihe emphatic legend, " Amor et l^pes Brin
tannise, " [the Love and Hope of Britaht.] By
this he evidentiy meant a compliment to Britahr
and her navy, at the expense of France, whose
bad successes at sea had been the chief reason of
her suing for peace. But that the insult was effective
in the proper (piarter, was proved by the muristen
compboning of it to the Khig, and demandbg
that some notice should be taken of ft« Lfonisi
probably consdencenstnu^ at the bad fetdt he had
kept with Charles, is said to have -answeffed, wiA*
out wsamih, that no doubt the Priiiee had rea-

FftlHdt CnAfLtJtB iff FliAK€£. t77

tots f«r hk mndttety and eonU not wei) be catted
4e flceottnt lor them,

Thk afiair aaade a eonrid^raMe tioi«e m BritalB
m ;W«1I aa in Ff«iwe, as the medals wefe ex-
t&mrely dispersed, and the implied satire every
^vrliere understood. Althoagh it was of such a
natufe as tq forhid the French eo«irt fWim resent*-
ia^ it in a ptibHc maxner, it did iiol pass altegether
tritbont reproof. The Prince of Conti, who was
iwconnted the proudest man of his day in all France,
and who fek it with peenliar keenness, one day
met Charles in the Lnxembotirg Gardens, aad im-
Biediately mnde aHnsion to|^e deviee of Iris faaofms
nedal. Assoaiiag aa air of pleasantry, but at the
aosBe tine speaking with a sneer, tins noble perscnh
age remarked that the device was pefhaps scarce-
ly BO fl^if^ci^le as had bseifc generally thought, in
aa ntach as the BiMsh navy had not proved the best
posffible Mends le his Royal H^hness. Charles
testandy repMed ta this taant, in a mamer which
flfiisRoed the Pnnce. ** Ceki est vrai, PHnee l** he
said, ^ mids je saia nonobstant ITami de k fldtte,
eontre tens see ettnemis^ coshd^ je regardarai Utth
jimn la gloire d^ Aagteterre egmme la vAgaaty et sa
glotre est duis la ikMe, ^ (True, Plinee t bat
I aaa nevertbsleBa a friend to* the navy agaiasl att
Its memies ; as I sfaaR always look upon the gknry
ef England as my own, and her ^ry is in lutf
navy.)

When the King percerved that Claties made no
motion to leave hk dominiens^ he deefrntched the
Cardhittft de* Tenein, with inBttiictk>ns to hmt to
bin, in as dtofic»te a maoaer as possible, the ne^
eesdty of Ms taklMg that step. The Q&SssaA per-
Ibrmed Us oftee wMh the greeiait ^eretiett, and

27B PRINCft CHARIiBS IK FRAKCX.

endeav^onred with aU his eloqnenoe to palliate the
conduct of his master. But Charles treated him
only with evasire answers, and he was obliged to
withdraw without having obtained any satis*
factory account of his Royal Highness s inten*
tion. The King waited for some days, in thi^
hope that Charles would depart ; hut was then oh*
liged to despatch another messenger, with still
more argent entreaties. The person selected fc«
this purpose was the Duke de Gesvres, Governor
q£ Paris, who, besides instructions to urge his de*.
parturey carried a carte blanche, whidi the Prince
was requested to fill up with any sum he might
please to <iemand as a pension, in consideration of
his obeying the King's wishes. When this am^^
bassador disclosed his proposals to Charles, he ist
said to have treated thrad with unequivocal marks
of contempt, crying that " pensions w^e quite out
of the question in the present case, and that ha
only wished the King to k^^ his word. " The
Duke pointed out the neeessity of the n^ocia^
tions which required his departure from Fsance ;
but Charles, on the other hand, insisted upon the
previous treaty between his most Christian Majes-
ty and himself, by which they had become mutual
allies. The Duke de Gesvres being thus unsuc-
cessful, the Count de Maurepas and the Pope s
nuncio were one after another s^it upon the same
errand, and the King even wrote a letter to lum^
with his own hand, but all without effect.

As no attempt was made by either par^ to
conceal these strange proceedings, they sqou be*
came known over all Europe. In Paris, they excite
ed a degree of interest sudi as no public eveat was
ever before known to occasion. For a penon in

pjuMsa chabIpAi im vbakcb. 979.

•adi penyiar dnruawtaKceBt to thwvt the intiii*
tioiis and dkregmrd tbe powwr of the Graad Mmi*
avdb, was evteemed m tint i^Um a raott ettnuv-
dinary hiatance of dacing, and aknoet caased Chariea
to be regarded as Bometfaixig saperkv to his kind.
Hk ezplwto in Scotland, and the faMsiaating giacee
of his peTBODy had pteTioiasly disposed the Pari*
aiaos to "this extrayagaat degree of admiratioD)
wad it was completed when, to these charms, was
added that arisu^ from his witnerited distresies.
He BOW became an object of even more attraction
than the King himself^ to this gienerons and to-
Bsanlic people. Whenever he appeared npaa the
pvbiic walks, the whole company followed him*
When he entered the theatre, he became the sola
epectade of the place. On all ooeasioas, he seem-
•d the only person who was insensible, to the sov*
lows of Im &tei aod, while he talked with hie
nsiial gayety to the yenng noblemen who smr«
romided him, no one could speak of him without
adrairatien, nad few bdiold him withont tean* ^

'The pvblie fediBg so liberally excited in his &^
▼on: was by no means agreeable to the King, and
§m less to die ministry, who had been chiely in^
atnaoaental in bringing Ae Prince into this distress*
log pfedkament* There were other personages
whom k yet fmthcr oflfended. These were, the
Eari of Sussex and Land Catfacwt, two British
aoUeuen, thai residing in Paris, as hostages to
gnarantee the restoration of Cape Breton to its cMi-
ginal propiietors the French, in terms* of the kte
tpeaty. Charles was known to have commented
with billemass upon the meanness of tibe British
CWrennMM^tingiiraiigbsatagseto France; and te
twa nMvam eonld not hdp, moeeofer, feeUng

MO PBIirCS CHARLBA IM VRAVCK.

penonally piqvod at the respect which was erevf-
where showa to tlie public enemy of tbeir couatey^
while they themselves were treated with ill-sop*
pressed contempt. They therefore C4Hiipla]iied to
the French Monarch, that he had not executed one
important article of the treaty* His Majesty gave
them for answer, that he only awaited the retain
of a messenger from Rome, with an answor to a
letter which he had written to the old Pretendov
demanding that Charles should be withdrawn by
paternal authority from the kingdom, before taking
active measures to that effect.

The messenger mentioned by "the King, retain-
ed on the 9th of December (1748), with a letter
from the old Chevalier, enclosing another, under a
flying seal, addressed to his son, in which he com-
manded the Prince to obey the King s wishes. His
Majesty, after having read the last epistle, sent it
to Charles, by way of giving him a last chance of
declaring his submission to the Royal authority ;
but the inflexible Prince, though always said to
have entertained the utmost respect for his father,
thought proper to h<^out even agunst his com-
mands. He declarifed openly, tha^ no poMioBS,
promises, or advantages whatever, should induce
him to renounce his just rights ; that, on the con-
trary, he was resolved to consecrate the last mo-
ments of his life to their recovery. The King bo
eooner learned that he was still unwilling to depart,
than he called a Council of State,» where it was
determined to arrest him, and carry him out of
the kingdom by force. Louis was still so i^vene
to treat his unfortunate ally with disrespect, and
still entertained so warm an affection f^r him, that,
when the order for his arrest was presented for hia

PRINCE CHARLES IN FRANCE. 281

sigQfttQvey he exdaifned, with unaffected sorrow,
** Ah, pauvre prince ! qn'il est difficile pour un
roi d'etre un veritable ami ! " — (Ah, poor prince !
how difficult it is for a king to be a true friend !) —
The order was signed at three o'clock in the after-
noon, but it was blazed all over Paris before the
erening. A person of the Prince's retinue heard,
and c«Tied him the intelligence ; but he affected
not to believe it. Next day, as he was walking
in the Tuilleries, a person of condition informed
him that he would certainly be seized that very
day, if he did not prevent it by an immediate de-
parture ; but, resolved to brave the very extremity
ef his fate, he treated the intelligence as chimeii-
cal, and, turning to one of his followers, ordered
a hox to be hired for him that night at the opera.

The preparations made for his arrest were upon
a scale proportioned to the importance of his cha-
racter, or rather were dictated by the extent of
public favour which he was supposed to en-
joy. No fewer than twelve hundred of the Guards
were drawn out and posted in the court of
the Pttlais- Royal ; a great number of sergeants
and grenadiers, armed in cuirasses and helmets,
filled the passage of the Opera-house ; the Guet,
or City Pdiice, were stationed in the streets to stop
all carriages. The Sergeants of the Grenadiers, as
the most intrepid, were selected to seize the Prince.
Two companies of grenadiers took post in the
court-yard of* the' kitchens, where the Duke de
Biron, commander of the French Guards, and who
was commiseioned to superintend, waited in ^a
coach, disguised, to see the issue of the enterprise.
The Mousquetairs had orders to be ready to mount
Qf& horseback ; troops were posted upon the road

88t PSIVCB CUAUhMB IV WBAVCM,

bom tbe PaWB^Royd lo tJie «tile-^moii ef Vw^
oennes, in which the Prioee ww to he disposed.
Hstchets and scaling-ladders were prepared, and
locksmiths directed to' attend, in order to take Ins
Royal Highness hf escalade, in ease he shoold
throw himself into some house, and there tuttenpt
to stand out a siege. A physician and three sur-
geons, moreover, were ordered to he in readinesa
to dress whoever might he wounded.

Into this well-prepared and formidable tnpy
Charles entered with all the unthinking badness
of a desperate man. Scorning the repeated warnings
he had received, and disregarding a frigidly voice
wbich tdd him, as he passed along in his carriage*
that the Operef-house was beset, he drove up as
usual to tlmt place; where he.no eo<mer alighted
on the ground, than he was surrounded by tax
sergeants dressed in plain clothes^ whq seized his
person ; one taking care of ea4^ limb, while other
two crossed their arms, and Ixure him off ^ke street
into the court-yard of the Pakus-Royal ; the sol-
diers in the mean time keeping off the crowd with
fixed bayonets, and seizing the few peraons iHio at*
tended him. When he was brought mto the covt*
yard. Major de Vaudreuil, who had been deputed
to act by the Duke de Biron, approached his Royal
Highness, and said, " Prince, yeur arms ; I arrest
you in the name of the King. " Chaiies immedybte-
iy presented his sword ; but, that notsatiafying his
captors, they searched his peison, and found.* a pnr
of pistols and a poniard, togethw with m penkmfe
and a book, all of which they removed. They
then bound him with silk cord, of which Ae Duke
had provided ten ells on purpose, and hurried hka
^to a hired ooacb, whidi was innaediitf^ driven

gS, attflnded by a strong guard. Another party
in tbe mean tine entered bis palace^ and arrested
all his foUowers and servants, who were immedi«
•tely cmiveyed to the BastUe^ though soon after-
wards liberated. Charles was conveyed to the
castle of Vincennes, and thrust into an upper room
of narrow dimensions, where he was left to seek
repose, attended by only a single friend*-the faith-
Iw Neil MacEacban, who, wiSi Flora MacDonald»
had accompanied him in his journey through Skye*
So long as he was in the ]Hresence of the soldiers
or any officers of the French goyemment, he had
maintained a lofty air, and spoken in a haughty
tone, as if to show that he was superior to hia
qiisfortunes ; but, when finally left in this desolate
chamber, with only a friend to observe him, he
gave way to the tumult of painful feeling which
agitated bis breast* Throwing himself upon a
chair, according to the report of MacEachan, as
afterwards communicated to a family in Skye, he
clasped his hands together, and, bursting into
tears, exclaimed, '^ Ah, my faithful mountaineers \
you would never have treated me thus : would I
were still with you I "-^his mind apparently re-
verting at this moment of peculiar distress to the
transient glories of bis. late brilliant, though im-
happy enterprise.

The ill-fated Prince was soon after conveyed
oat of the French dominions, which he never again
entered. He spent the remainder of his life chief-
ly at Avignon, a city in Provence, but belonging
to the Pope. He ^d not immediately resign all
hope of a restoration to the throne of his ancestors,
but on the contrary, entered into at least one con<
qiiraoy, which waa^set on foot for that purpose by ^

VOL. It. 2 A

284 PRINCK CRARLXS IK YRANCE.

fans Englidh adherents in the year 1753. On that
occasion he even ventured to visit London, in or-
der to transact the business of the proposed insur-
rection. The King knew of his arrival in the
capital, but adopted the \me resolution not to mo-
lest him. TTie conspiracy, though said to have
involved many of the most honourable names in
England, did not arrive at any head ; being pro-
bably repressed by a well-timed act on the part of
Government — the execution of Dr Archibald Ca-
meron. Charles is affirmed to have taken the
opportunity of his visit to London, to make open
renunciation of the Catholic fdth, for the satisfac-
tioii of his friends. It is also said — for these facts
hang but on vague authority — that he was once
more in the metropolis at the period of the Coro-
nation of George the Third, and that he caused
the challenge of the King's knight on that occa-
sion, to be answered by a femcde adherent, who
threw her glove down into the area, after the cham-
pion had deposited his gauntlet. Perhaps nothing
could have better emblematized the weakness of his
pretensions or prospects, in opposition to the mo-
narch then crowned, than the light trifle which he
charged with them, as contrasted with the mailed
and ponderous strength of the object which repre-
sented the claims of his rival.

Charles, in his latter years, was degraded by
the vices of a disappointed and aimless man. Af-
ter his transactions in Scotland, during which he
displayed so much moderation and humanity, and
after the numerous testimonies of his dying ad-
herents, tvhich paint him with so many excellen-
cies, it is impossible to doubt that he originally
possessed both a noble^ mind and a good heart.

PBINCB CHABLE8 IN FRANCE. 985

]fy after miseries^ snch as it is the lot of few
men to bear, and haunted by a £ate than which none
can be considered more deplorable, he sunk from
the gallant and generous prince into the domestic
tyrant and the sot, he is not perhaps to be either
wondered at or condemned. In ordinary life, in-
stances are seen every day, of men who entered
into life with good prospects, and principles equal-
ly good, but whom some unlucky accident has
*^ spited at the world," and finally precipitated
down the long descent of folly and crime. If pity
and pardon are to be allowed to such errors---and
they cannot easily be withheld^— the same may
aurely be extended to the feelings of a man, whose
misfortunes were not only many times greater in
degree, but took their rise in his birth, and con*
tinned with his existence.

286 GONCLUSIOK.

CHAPTER XIV.

CONCLUSION.

8tr, I hsve heard another story*—
Hn «•• a mesi confounded Tory,

And grew> or be is much beliedt
Extremely dull before be died.

Swift.

Before proceeding to delineate the deathbed
scene of Jacobitism, it may be necessary to reca-
pitalate its early history and character.

Jacofaitism may be simply described as a reri-
yal, after the Revolution, of the Cavafier q>irit
which obtained during the great Civil War and
the Commonwealth. Its name imports, that it ad-
vocated the rights of the unfortunate James, as
' opposed to the usurpatiott of his ni^hew William.
In a more extoided view of its principles, it ad-
vocated the rights of a le^timate monarch, with-
out regard to the circumstance of his being a Ca-
tholic, and somewhat arbitrary ; while the Wing
principle, to which it was opposed, muntained
that a right lay in the people, to prefer a kii^
who would enter into engagements with them to
respect the national liberties and religion.

As in almost all questionfl which divide man-

CONCLUSIO)^. 287

kind at laige, both parties were to a certain extent
right, and to a certain extent wrong. The Jaco-
bites paid a respect to the person of their legiti-
mate monarch, which refused all idliance with rea-
son, and which was in fact . superstitions ; being
founded, howeyer, upon certain passages of Scrip-
ture, which seem to assert the sacred nature of the
kingly office. On the other hand, the Whigs, in
utterly denying the superiority of a bom over fi
chosen monarch, did not take into account the ge-
neral prepossession of the nation in favour of the
rights of primogeniture ; a prepossession not per-
haps abstractly rational, but which is certunly ex-
pedient, and which is indeed swictioned by the
customary law of the country. It may be urged
against the Jacobites, that they would have con-
tentedly seen the nation subjected to an arbitrary
despot ; but the Whigs are at least as blameable,
for having brought upon their country a century
of civil dissention, and entailed upon their poste-
rity a number of grievous obligations, among
which an overwhelming national debt is not the
least*

Such were the contending principles, and such
the respective faults, of the two parties into which
the British community was split during the greater
part of the eighteenth century ; the Jacobites ex-
claiming in favour of a deposed and expatriated line
of princea, and incessantly complaining of the exr
pei^ which was occasioned to the nation by the
sovereigns of its election ; the Whigs, canting with
equal fervour about the evils of Popery and des-
potism, which a. restoration of the legitimate line
must unavoidably occasion.

2 A 2

Id conskkriag the vnnomB Bieiifei of th6 ptttiM*
it mmst ht allowed, tiiat^ whaibeivec were the do-
merits of the Jaci^Mtes, thef vrete peraonally dk-
' interefited -*whaieyer <iw merits of the Whi^
they were ungeneroiis and self-fleekiiig. The
tempm'draeiit of mind reqvired for the formatk« ol
ft Jacobite, Beema to be that iiicoiinda»te and
poetical sort, which finds gratification in the joy oi
ethers, and is disposed to for^fo all earthiy good
fot the sake.of a Tisionarjr id^ The Whig, en
the other hand, appears to ha?e been dbafaeterised
enAj by that valgar good sense which keeps shefs
aftd maices money^^-^^irhich postpones eivery mece
ooble emotion to the deure ol personal cosnforti
and which is only anzioos for the pttblie good m
so far lis it is itself to be tfaeieby gratified*

These characteristics of die parties «e dis^ici*
ly observable in ^ir re^^etiire contro^sCTsial psbh-
lieations ; more e^ecially in &ose which relate to
the later periods of their history, when Whiggism
had become a principle more gtossly iriiui^haBt^
and Jacd>itinn a spirit more pnrs and melancliely;
During the reign of William, which they esmi
dered only a regency, and 4^ of Anaef mirich
was expected to terminate in the reed <tf liie tiM
heir, die Jacobites had little to disCingvish them
from tlie common«plaee of an ^mMnary party*
But when the aooession of so vigocons a asoMrdi
as George the First, and the iHsaster ef 1716, had
rendered diat event preyematiod, aad wlien all
the mean and liie intenested had deserted to tte
raeeessfol party, they began to dkplBif faatues ef
a mora pnre and worthy kind. 1$ mm then thai
they produced that body of exceUent poetry, m
which their loves and bates, their wit and satire.

ddircLUSioM. fB9

an m admirably pomtmyed, and which now hdda
so high a place in the anthology of their country.

The romance of the party may be said to have
■reaehed its height in 174d, when it was fonnd
strong enough, to indnee from ten to fourteen
tiiousand men, in Scotland alone, to risk the dread-
ful pains of high treason, not to speak of the perils
of war. Enough has already been written to show
Ae height to which its roraantie nature was tiien
caffied ; and it only remains to be shown, by what
* eold gradations of decay, " it declined and pe-
liiAied*

The insurf^eedon of 1745 was no sooner sup*
pressed by the stem course of policy which has
been described, than the members of the legida*
tnre began to take into con^deration a number of
measures, by which it was prq)osed not only to
prelreat any such revolt fift the future, but to an«
nOiilate, if possible, the spirit which excited it.
These measures were in a general sense salutary,
ttMl, in the estimadon of at least one party of the
nation, i^ohitely in^Kspensable. But it is to be
regretted, by erery one who can i^preciate tho
mfid Government of the Brunswick dynasty, or
the security whidi it has given to the national li-
berties, that they were also tyrannical in spirit,
and severe in execution. The old remark, that a
suppremed rebelHott str^iglliens the hands of a
Government, held good in this instance ; and per-
hafis th^ best apol(%y whi<^ can be offered for
boki the military and dvfl ^nekies of this period,
is thai no man, or body of men, can weH manage
a midden a ccc s rt on of affbitt«ry power.

The irsl act of liie le^ilature, as a matter of
cewsa, related' to the Scottish mountabieerB, whose

290 coarcLVtxoif«^

share in the Wftr had been so pre-^ninently eeaapi-
cnons. It traa denominated the Disannkig Actr
aad proceeded upon two acts of G^rge the
first, whieh had aimed at the same ol^t, with-
out, as it but too ohnonsly appeared, having {hto*
dnced the desired effect. In order that t^s en-
actment might not be defeated like its predeeea-
sors, penalties of a peculiarly .severe nature were,
imposed upon aU who should directly or indirectly
endeavour to evade it. If any man, resi<&]ig with-
in the Highland line, should fiail to dehvw up hS»
arms before the 1st of August 1747, or if any naa
should attempt to conceal arms either in his hoiifle»
or in the fields, he was to be, for the first offence^
fined in fifteen pounds, and imprisoned widkout
bail till payment. If payment was not made
within one month, he was to . be transported to
America as a common soldier, if able to serve <; if
not able to serve, he was to be imprisoned for six
months, and then only liberated on finding securi-
ty for his good behavioiur during the next ten
yearsk If the offender waa a woman, she was to
be fined in the same sum, iupriaoned till payment.
Mid afterwards confined for m months. A aeoMMl
x»ffence against this ungraeious law, was to be vi-
sited with no less a punishment than tran^Micta-
tion for sev^i years. ^

Not only were the H^hlanden dcftrived of their*
arms, but their very dress was proscribed, and by
still severer penakiee. The same act ordaiaed <
that, after the 1st of August 1747, if , any person, \
whether man or boy, within the same tract of '
country, were found wearing the clothes common-
ly called " the Highland clothes, " that is, .the ^^
plaid, philabeg, trews, shoulder-belis, or any part

wliatsoeiner of the HigMand garb, or if any penoa
^v^ere found to wear a dress composed of tartan or
party-eolotired cloth, he should he imprisoned six
months without bail, for the first eSente, and, on
its repetition, be transported for seven yearn.

It was thus hoped, that nM only would the
Highlanders be incapable of agaili levying war a-
gainst the State, but that, their distinction as a
nation being destroyed, they would with all haste
become obedient servants to Government, like the
rest of the eommunity* As might have been ex-
pected, the result was very diiferent. The clans
were, it is true, efiectually prerented from ever
^ain plotting against the House of Hanover. But
they were not mdnced to regard that femily, or
.tbeir government, with any additional degree of ia-
Tour. On the contrary, their previous disafiection
was exasperated by these harsh measures into ab-
solute hatred. *^ Even the loyal dans, " says Dr
Jc^nson, " murmured, with an appearance of jus-
tice, that, after having defended the King, they,
were forbidden for the future to defend them-
selves, and that the sword should be forfeited
which bad been legally employed. " But, if the
loss of their arms occasioned discontent, the
change of their dress produced feelings still less
favourable to the existing Government. Had the
whole race been decimated, as ^eir lively historian
General Stuart remarks, more violent grief, indig-
nation, and shame, -could not have been excited
among them, than by this eno'oachment upon their
dearest /national prejudices. It may be said, in
Conclujiion, that, if the Highlanders have eventu-
ally become good servants to the State, and tm-
iUfidnguishable in dress and demeanour from tiie

292 COMCLUSI0Jf»

rest of tbe population, no part of the Llesuiig-is
to be ascribed to either of these most ungeneFous
aad unjust enactments.

The next Act of the L^sktore also regarded
the Highknds, though, for the sake of uniformity^
it was extended to the whole of Scotland. This
was the celebrated Act for abolbhing heritable
jurisdictions. It was supposed that, by putting
an end to the power which all landed proprietors
-h«d hitherto po«e«ed, of judging in civil and m-
minal cases among their dependents, the spirit of
clanship would receive a mortal blow. Accord-
ingly, it was resolved to buy up all these petty
jurisdictions from the propdieton, and to vest them
in Sheriffs, who should -be apptttnied by the King.
It was also resolved, that the hereditaiy Justiciar-
sliip of Scotland, vested in the family of Argyle,
should be purchased, and transferred to the High
Court and Circuit Coui*ts of Justiciary, and that
aU Constabularies should be abolished, except the
office of High Constable. This Act was not car-
ried into effect, without considerable r^nonstrance
on the part of iJbe country. It was by some re-
presented, that the affections of the Highlanders
to their chiefa was independent of local jurisdic-
tions ; in proof of which it required only to be
stated, that some of the insurgent leaders in the
late war w^e not in possession of lands, but ex-
erted only a claim of kindred over their troops.
There was injustice, moreover, in extending to all
ScoUand a severe law, which was only aimed at
a small portion of the copntry. But the strongest
aigument against the measure, lay in the power
which it was calculated to throw into the banda
of Governments

CONCLUSION. 293

^The wfaole sum granted by Pai'liament in ex-
change for the faeritable jurisdictions, was a hun-
dred and fifty-two thousand pounds, one of the
<^eapegt purchases of patronage and power ever
made. By the nation at large, the measure was
contemplated as a last stab to the independence of
Scotland, preyiously almost destroyed by the Union.
So completely, however, were the people then
overawed by military and civil power, and so much
were the hands of Government strengthened by
their late triumph, that it passed with but little
opposition through both Houses of Pariiament.

If llie power of the State had been exerted, at
this momentous crisis, only upon objects which
seemed essentia] to the amelioration of the coun-
try, eren although some harshness and not a little
fimtastic alarm had been shown, there would not
now be much cause to censure its proceedings.
Unfortunately, the two Acts already mentioned
were accompanied by another, which, while it
had no such noble end in view as was proposed
for the rest, could only be understood as dictated
by the spirit of revenge. The Act alluded to was
one for the suppression of such Episcopalian mi-
nisters in Scotland, as did not mark their allegi-
ance to the existing government, by taking the
oaths and praying for the King by name. The
Episcopal Church had ceased to be the establish-
ed religion of the country, when its supporters,
the Stuarts, ceased to reign over Britain. Previ-
ously to that period, it had been unpopular among
the lower orders of people, originally on account
of a superstitious prejudice which they had against
formalities, and, latterly, on account of the injudi-
cious persecutions which it was the innocent occa-

294 CONCLUSION.

non of bringing npon the presbyterian or diasent-
ing chnrcb. Want of popular faTour joined at tbe
Revolution with another eircam8taace» to procure
ita downfiall. King Wiltiam, before learii^ Hol-
land) had promised, in a declaratioii» to maintain it
in all its privileges^ and, when he had settled him-
self at London, he was prepared to keep his pro*
mise« On proceeding, however, to sound tbe bi-^
riiops as to their aflfectioa to his goyeniment» he
found them obstinate in their adherence to the
former monarch, alleging, with great sh6w of rea-
son, that, as they had already sworn to be fidth-
fnl to James and his heirs — for such was then the
tenor of the oath of allegiance— they could not in
conscience transfer their fealty to him. William
then saw fit to establish the Presbytenan Churchy
the memberii of which, he understood, had. already
testified their abhorrence of the late govemiuent
by desecrating the fanes of Episcopacy, and rab-
bling out its clei^. From this time, the Episco-
palian form of worship was marked. as tbe religiim
of the Jacobites, and subjected to a variety of re*
atrictions imd persecutions, not more at the hands
of the reformed government than at those of the
common people. It continued, however, to be the
fiuth of by far the greater part of the wealth, rank,
and intelligence of the country, down to the year
1746, when, as already mentioned, its chap-
els sent forth not a few enthusiasts to join the
standard of Prince Charles, and it of coarse
attracted the . determined hostility of. the existing
government. Duke WiHiam, in his march to the
North, finding it identified beyond all doubt with
the disaffection of the district of Angus, had
bought proper to visit it with the terrors of mi-

lilary law ; and the battle of Catioden had ovUy
been gaiaed one week, when he succeeded ia*
closing up erery place of worship throughout the-
country, in which a nonjurmg clergyman officiat-
ed* It was now resolved to «ubject it to a systenr
of persecution which might have the colour of law*
An act was accordingly passed, less than threft
months after the conclusion of ^ war, by which tto
wae ordained, that any Episcopal clergyman, offidait-*
ing after the Ist of September 174*6, without having
tak^ the oaths of allegiance, abjuration, and assur*
ance, or without praying once, during liie perform*
ance of worship, for the King, his heirs and 8ucce»^
aors, and for all the Royal Family, should, for the
first offence, suffer six months imprisonment, for the
second (upon conviction before the High Court of
Justiciary )» be transported to the American plant*
attons for life, and, in case of returning from bA«
nisbment, be subjected to perpetual imprisonmeni.
K was also ordained, that no proprietor of a cksed
Episcopal meeting-house should regain possesnos
of it, ^1 he gave security for an hundred poondi
that he would not again permit it to be occupied
by a nonjuring clergyman. In order to prereaA
these unfortunate ministers from chelating even ill
private, it was also enacted, that every house ia
which five or more persons met to hear diem peiw
form service, should be cenmdered a meeting-house
within the meaning of the act. With a purposo
still more malignant — that of entu«ly destroying
the apostolical ordination which the clergy of the
Scottish Episcopal Church had continued to trans-*
mit from one to another since the. Revolution— -it
was. decreed, that no letters of orders should be
vou II* 2 b d '

S96 CONCLVSIOK.

regislefred afier tlie Ist of SepteHib«r, except snA
as had been given by the Church of England or
cf Ireland.

Cmel as ifais persecntion was, it might not event--
nlly have injured the Church so much, if it had
not ako extended to the hltj. The act declared,
that if, after the Ist of September 1746, any per-
•an should resort to an illegri Episcopal meeting-
house, and not give notice within Bve days of audi
fflegal meeting to some proper magistrate, he should
he subjected to fine or imprisonment. It declared
farther, that no Peer of Scotland should be ci^>a*
hie of being elected one of the Sixteen Peers of
Parliament, or of voting at such election ; and that
no person should be capable of being elected a
Member of Parliament for any shire or burgh, who
should, within the compass of any future year, be
twice present at divine semce in an Episcopal
meeting in Scotland not held according to law. ^
^ In this state of things, ' some of the cleigy,
who, &oi^lr steady and z^ous Episcopalians, had
alu^ys professed themselves not Jacobites, feeling
it ihrar duty to render their chapek legal meeting*
hones, repaired to the proper magistrates, took
' the tMcdis to Government required by the act, and
got'their letters of orders roistered liefore tlie 1st
0i September. But this compliance availed them
imthihg. In May 174^8, the a^of 1746 was amend-
ed, and an Enactment made, that no letters of or-
ders not granted by some Bishop of the Church of
England or of Ireland, should be sufficient to qua*
lify any Scottish Episcopalian pastor, whether the
same had be^ registered before or since the I'st
of September 1746; and that every such r^s-
tration^ whether made before or since, should now

COWCI.U8IOK. f97.

Ve unil aad rM. This act was Arected against
die veiy religion of the Scottish Episcopalians, lot
it> precluded them firom the privileges of political
repentance. As such it was felt by the F^ngliiji
Bishops, not one of whom ventored to support the
billy while some spoke strenuonsly against it, as a
flaf^ant attack on the leading principles of Chzis*.
tian liberty.

Tliat these statutes were not mere matters oC
form, but that the penalties were rigorously pat in
eixecation, could be proved by numerous instances*
One clergyman, not more distinguished by his
wcA-knoam poetical genins than by his piety and
priiRate wortb — ^the Reverend John Skinner of
Loaginay in Aberdeenshire— >waa imprisoned^ iif
lerms of die second act, for nx months, in tho
public jail of the county-town, although he had
previously taken all the loyal oaths, and for two
yean pmyed for the King by name. Other cler-
gymen, who did not pray for the Eling by name^
suffered similar imprisonments, and a few. were
obliged to take refuge in England and elsewher%
from the penalties with whidi they were threat*
ened.

The general result of the two statutes wa%
aimply, to annihilate utterly the conscientious poiy
don of the Church. It waa now impossible for A
«iergyiQan of that sort to have a congregation, and»
conaeqnendy, to maintain himself by his profes-
sion* It was equally impossible for a lay-member
•f the Church to continue in the faith of his fore-
fathers and that of his own youth, without incuc-
riog disqualifications of the most grievous sort.
Altogether, die persecutionB to .which the C^nrch
was subjected, were of a nature even more^vera

99tf '. coNCttisfdlf-

than tbose wkh which ^e PreshjrtierMn QiMrofc
waft visited in the reign of Charles IL In what
are considered the hottest periods of that; perae*
oation, the clergymen were permitted to retaia
perish churches, npon the simple condition of
yielding verbal obedience to the Government, and
not one individual sufiered punishment who wa»
not also a rebel against the State. Bat, in tfaitf
persecution of a later and milder time, the whole
clergy were deprived of even the privileges of diar
aenters, and exposed to the severest puiiiahiBe»t»
except death, for simply withholding then: alle^-^
tiioe. The Freabyterlana could at any time Ihwv
asved themsdvea hj pronovmdng tbe a ciipUual
liraae^ «« God save Oie King. " Bntdiel^m#
pallana cimld not escape, witfaontactoaliy pe ijwii ig
themselves— without swearing (hy the oath ef alH
juration) that they believed, what no man in his
senses could believe, that the Pretender was i|
supposititious child.

If the persecution of the Episcopafians smpass*
ed that of the Presbyterians in severity, it is not
^ess true that the members of the former dioich
displayed fully as much constancy under their a^
Mictions. Instead of fomenting civil rebellion, w
•declaiming in their private assemblies, against the
Government which treated them with so much
iCruelty, they submitted with the meekness of
Christians to a fate which they could not
vert. Instead of flying to the fields, and puhlid^
ing their grievances at conventicles, they soi^t le
-administer those ordmances to private fiumilies
> which they were prevented from dispensing to a
congregation* Individual clefgyiqen haye thus beet^

laM>wn to perform wonhip no^ leas than sUte^
fimtw. HI one day I *

Howewr much the hktonan of this period majf
be disposed to condemn the cruelty displayed J|i
tbese statutes^ he must certainly acluiowledge that
Amy were attended eventually with the desired el^
feet of disabling the malcontent part of the comr
lity. By the first, the Highlanders were de*
of the means o£ carrying on an active war-
; and . put in a fair way of becoming amalgi^
with the test of the community. By the
'••oond» the whole people of Scotland were emai^
•ieqMied from their obligations to the aristoo-acy,
-4iad-eii^4ed to prosecute commercial and agricvA-
tuml enterpdaewith increased effect. By the diir^
«>f«ligiovs commanity, which had formerly che|^
irished vofiuliag affection for the House of Stuart,
was coo^riet^y broken up, and in a manner C019-
p^led to transfer their idlegiance to the existin^^
Government. It is true that these gopd effecta
did not immediately result from the st&tutes ; tbat»
on the contrary, something quite the reverse W9s
for some time observable ; and that it was only
when a new and more liberal Sovereign had as-
sumed the throne, that the affections of the per-
secuted could he prevailed upon to run in the pro-
per channel. But it is at the same time certain—
and it is enough that such facts are certain — that
from this time forward, the Highlanders began to
employ their energies in the defence, instead of tlie
annoyance of the State; that the people turned*
their attention more generally towards the true
sources of national greatness, trade, manufacture,
and the cultivation of the soil ; and that the un«

2b2

MO CoMLusioir^

fortimate EpiflCopaUtti Jaedbitcs, petveenfeef «a|
of all countenanoe, at last ww fit to heeome mfmlr
ly perjared ' and peac«aUe with the rest of the
British nadoiit

The spirit of Jacobittsm, daring Its period ot de^
tsay^ was something very different from what it had
heen in the year 1745. It had, till that period,
heen the spirit of yonng as well as old people^ and
possessed sufficient strength to ezdte its yotaries
into active warfare. But, as the Stuarts thencea^
aed to acqaire fresh adherents, and their cfamaa be-
came daily more and more olMMdetoi k waa now
'left entirely to the generation which had wkaaased
its glories ; in other words, becaine dependent up-
on the existence of a few old entjinsi|«li| more
generally of the female than the male sex* After
•this period, indeed, Jacobitism, be^some identified
with the weakness of old age, was supposed inca?
pable of moving any heart, except one whic}i
might have throbbed with love for Piince Charles,
•or heaved to the stem music of Gladunuir an^
'Culloden,.

NOTES

VOLUME SECOND.

CHAP. L-*Ths Bjoxii or Faexxrc. ^

1 lA of John Metcalf> a blind Englishman, who acte4
as moawi to the yolimteer corps called the York-
shire Blues, and whose book will' be ^und to contain
many curious particulars regarding the battle of
Falkirk, p. 89. p . .

f Hend. Hist Reb. «60.

A somewhat difFerent yersion of this singular iiw
cident ha& reached us through the medium of troidi^
tion. According to the recollection o^an agedfriend^
who had heard it often told by an Irishman of the
name of Edington, who had been a dragoon in Whit-
ney's corps, and who liyed in Leith till within the
last thirty years,^-a Highland officer, carrying his
left artn in a sling, stepped out of the rank's, as tlie
dragoons were gmng forward, and, taking off his
bonnet, saluted the English commander with a low
bow, and the words, « Colonel Whitney, your most
bumble servant ! ** The Colonel seemed to recog-
nise the Highlander, and cried out, <* You bare-
breeched rascal, we'll be your hnmble servants pre-
sently. *' Old Edington used to add, that, after
this strange dialogue, the Colonel turned round to
the men who were advancing immediately bdiind
him, and commanded that they should not heed for
riding over him, should it be his fortune to fall. He
did fall^ and the men accordingly went blindly on.
When Edington was asked if he himself had done
' any execution in the charge, he used to a^^wetf that

302 NOTK8*

be htd played hit tabte a little amoiigsl the idMli^
but remembered nothing else very distinctly till he
found himself retreating.

3 Chev. Johnstone, 128.

4 Tradition at Falkirk, where a woman lived wi&in tb«

last forty years, who had gone deranged by treadrag
up<m the bare face of a dead Highlander, in wadu^
across Canron water, some weeks after the battle.

5 The inhabitants of Falkirk have a picturesque remem-

brance of seeing the riderless horses, after the battle^
scampering through the lanes which give entrance
to the town on that side — their saddles turned round '
below their bellies, and many of them trailing tbdr
intestines on the ground. A brewer succeeded in
securing a tieautifbl and umrounded hoise^ Which he
afterwards r^oced to the bumble labour of drqgpng
his professional sledge. One day, some years after
the battle, when the once-spirited animal had become
a patient and worn out drudge, the brewer was fill-
ing the barrel with which it was loaded at the pridw
well, when a iroop of dragoons^ which happened te
be in the town, was called into order by tlie sound oi
the trumpet, .close to the spot where it was standing.
No sooner did the poor old hack hear that lively point
of war, than, totally forgetting its present duties, it
scampered c^ along tlie street, rushed up to the
troop, which was then just falling into line, and, with
irresistible force clearing room for itself among the
bystanders, took its place, sledge, barrel, brewer and
all, in the midst of the ranks. The commander of
the troop, highly amused at the scene, patted it kindly
on the head, observing, ** Ah, I see you've been a
soldier in your day ; *' ajid gave orders for its being
gently led out of the line.

We have also tb record, from the tradition of Fat
kirk, that General Hawley, in passing through tiie
town, expressed the rage and vexation with which he
found himself compelled to retreat, by breaking his
sword upon the market«cross, which then stood in
the centre of the street.

6 Tradition at Falkirk.

7 This nobleman, immediately after the battle, called, in

passing at the house of a retainer, near the field, and
made inquiry regarding the welfare of his faniily.

NOfsd. , SOS

^ Tiie gnuidfttther of our informant, riMna Ae tiattle-
ground of Falkirk next day, eaw a Highlander en*
gaged in stripping a richly dressed English officer.
He had got one foot inserted between the legs of the
deceased, and was endeavouring with all hrs strengtii
to puH off the boots. At every interval between the
successive pulls, he muttered to himself, in a tone of
great gratulation, « Praw proichinf praw protchin I"
(Fine bfoguesyjlne brogttes,)
0* A monument has been erected over the grave of the
two brothers, with a suitable inscription. There is ft
legend among the Jacobites, that, on application be^
ing made to a gentleman in the neighbourhood of
Falkirk, for permission to take the necessary ston^

* from his quarry, h^ answered, with the sly wit of l^s
party, *^ Monuments ! 'od, an ye like, I'll gi'e ye mon^
numents fbr them a' ! "

9 Here Hawley is said to have met with a rebuke of the
severest nature from one of ChaHes*s fri«ids. The

' story is thus told by tfie anonymous pamphleteer,
vHh> has been already more than once quoted as, ii|
all probability, no other ilian Pavid Hume : —
l¥hen the army 4ed to Linlithgow, they inunediately
quartered tbjemselves about in all the houses, and even
in the palace, whete there dwelt at that time a lady
noted for wit and beauty, who, observing their disor*
iderly proceedings, was apprehensive they would fire
the palace. She immediately went,^ remonstrate to
H certun great Greneral, and was received pro ^olUd
tud hymanitfltef with his usjaal humanity. Finding
tier remonstrances vain, she took leave in these words :
** To take care, " says she, " of the King's house is
your concern; for my part, I can run from fire a«^
fast as any of you ! **

\ So spoke the cherub, and Ijier grave rebuke*

Severe in youthful beauty, added grace
Invindble, Abashed the Devil stood, &c &c

iO Tradition preserved in the family of tlie inquirer. Yet
it would appear from a passage in Dr Johnson's Jour*
ney to the Western Islands, that the dragoon regi-
inents also comprised men of great personal courage.
*< The HigblandVeaponsy" says the Doctor, *f gave
ppportiuiity ipt nittiy esertioiift of pergonal ooura^

804 NQTJBS.

and Mimetiiiies for sinjrie combats in Che field ; Kk^
those which occur so frequently in fabalous wjura. At
Falkirk, a gentleman bow living, was, after the le*
treat of the King's troops, engaged at a distance from
the rest with an Irish dragoon. They were both skil-
ful swordsmen, and the contest wa*i not easily deci-
ded. The draooon at last had the advantage, and the
Highlander called fur quarter ; but quarter was r^
fused him, and the 6gfat continued till be w^ redu-
ced to defend himself upon his knee» At thai ii>>
stant, one of tlie MacLeods came to bis rescue ; who,
as it is said, offered quarter to the dragoon, but ha
thought himself obliged to reject what he had before
refused, and was immediately killed. **
, 11 The Government Gazette, which was compiled from
General Hawley's despatdies, is, from end to end, atis*
sue of falsehood and misrepresentation* On its being
read some years ago, by one of our informants, to an
intelligent citizen of Falkirk who had witnessed t£c
whole proceedings, he did not Wi$Ata a fnomaot to
pass this sentence upon it.

lit Quarterly Review, vol. juy,

13 Hend. Hist. Reb. 277.

H Haw ley's gallows stood in the Grassraarket, in terra»
rem^ and to the great' disgust of the inhidntants of
Edinburgh, till the night between the 12lh and 13Ui
of September, when it was sawed through by some
unknown persons. The place where it had atood
. was known afierwai'ds by the name of Mawley**
Shamblet.

tiawley*s personal character, so far as it was in-
volved by this unfortunate actii)n, seems to be not al*
together unsusceptible of defence. From a rare and
curious pamphlet, quoted in the margin, * be ieema
to have been, in a great measure, the victim of circum-
stances. His own original idea of the Higfalandera

• It i« entitled, « A few Passages, showing the Sen-
timents oT the Prince of Hesse and General Hawley, wiA
relation to the Conduct, Measure:), and Behaviour of seve-
ral Persons, both CivO and Ecclesiustic, in the City of Ed-
inburgh, since the Commencement of the present Civil
War and R4Hbellion. ** London, printed m ni&, and
sold at the Buniihkt Shops. This tract, tiiough akioiiy-
awua, baaiajeveryinlMroaLnuHBkaf authentieity, >

Motfcs* 905

-kmi been ibscewd and iBflttni«a by the loyal cant of
fi»- day, wkich rvpmented th€m as a cnizy rabble ;
and be appears to bare been urged to bis deetmetion,
as Cope had been beferey by the ultra- sealous Civil Offi-
cers of Scotland, whose reports to Government were
always favonrabte, and who would never alloir, in
tjtmr co mm u Hi cations with the Royal generals, that
tiMr» was any danger to be apprehended from an at-
laaii, howefer rash, npdn Charles's army. When he
returned front Falkirk, he at once gave vent to his
sngry feelings, and endeavoured to vindicate his own
conduct, by sending for tbese fiilse intelligencers to
his lodgings in Holyroodhouse, where he lectured
them in the following style :«— " Gentlemen, you pre-
tend to have an extraordinary zeal for his Majesty's
service, and seem to be very assfduous fn promoting
It ; but let me tell ycm, you have either been mis-
taken in your own measures, or have been betraying
his cause. How often have you represented the H igb-
land army, and tibe multitude of noblemen and gen-
tlemen who have joined them, from the Low country,
with their followers; as a despicable pack of herds,
«nd a contemptible mob of men of des^rate fortunes?
flow have you, in your repeated advices, disguised
and lesMBed the numbers and strength of bis Majes-
ty enemict in your rebellious country ? And how
often have you falsely magniBcd and incTBased the
power and number of his friends? Tbese things you
bad the hardiness to misr^resent toaoma of the Mi-
nisters of State and Generals of the army. If tba
C^ovamment had not felted on the truth of your ad«
vieas, it had been an easy matter to have crushed thia
isMTfcction in the bud. If your information had not
been onMckily bdieved, that most part of the Higb-
' landers had run home with their booty, after the baU
tie of Gladsmuir, and that they who remained had
absolutely refused to march into England, what would
have hindered the King to send down a few troops
from England to assist bis forces in Scotland, to have
at once dispersed and destroyed them ? But you, out
of your views or vanity, made him and his Ministry
believa that yoa w«ra able to do it youraelves. And
what are the oonsequeDoea of yoiur 6ne politics and ^
intalligeiiOe? The rebels have got time to draw to ^

SM N0TE8»

mch a ii«ad« that tfra King bM been c fc Mg e d l»*!tlH
draw more than 10,000 of bis own iMops frott the
aaaistance of bis idliea abroadiy and as maoj aaxili-
ari«s from HoUand aad Hmtet to defend his dmn per-
son and dominions at bome* As to yoat dimioiabing
Ibeir numbers^ and ridiculing their discipline,, you see^
and Ifeel, theeffects of H. I never saw aajr troops ^
in platoons more regularly» make thenr motioiis and
evolutions quicksr, or attack with morv btrnvery md bet-
ter order, than those Highbinders did at the battle of
FaUdrk last week. And these are the very men whom
you represented as a parcel of raw undiscipUned va-
gabonds. No JacolHte could have contri^^ed more
hurt to the King's fiuthfol friendsi or done mmw ser-
vice to his inveterate enemies* Gentlemen, I tell yoa
plainly, these things I am now blaming you for, I
shall represent at &urt, so that it may be put out of
your power to abuse it for tiie future. I desire no
answer-, nor will I receive any. If you have any thing
to offtir in your defence or justificatioD, do it nbooct
and publish it here. It will not offend me. Im the
mean time, I will deal vnth you with that openness
and honour whieh becomes one of nugr station and
character. I will send to you in writingt what I have
now delivered by word of mouth, tbat you fiiay make
any use of it that you think pioper, for yoor own acU
vantage and exculpation. FaraweU,"

15 Chevalier Johnstone^ 12B,

16 Hend. Hist Reb.

17 Ttaditions at Falkirk.

ia The Old Chevalier bad, at the vary eommauoemmtt
of the campaign, pledged his. jewels and. bin royal
insignia, with a London goldsmitbf for 100^(i(M>
ci-ownsr wliich sum be tranamuttod to hia eon*

19 Boyce*s Hist. 187.

HO Soon after the battle of Preston, two Hi^landeis, in
roaming through the south of Mid-Lofhian^ Altered
the farm-house of Swanston, near the J^entland Hills,
where they found no one at home but an old woman.
Tiiey immediately proceeded to search the Imuse,
and soon finding a web <if coarse boine*spun «lotb,
made no ecruple to unroU and cut off aa much as
they thougiit would make a coat to each. The wo-
man was 6xi^*dii^iy ineeased at ibeir xapadty,

NOTES. 9U

moftred And cned» tend even had the hardihood to in*
^M)ke divine Tengeance upon thdr heads. <' Ye vil-
lains!*' she cried, ^* yeMl ha*e to account, for this
yet ! ye*U ha'e to account for this yet ! " — " And
Whaa will we pe account for*t ?** asked one of the
Highlanders^-^'* At the last day, ye blackguards ! **
cidaimed Uie woman. «' Ta last tay ! ** replied the
Highlander : ** tat pe cood long crhedit— weUl e*en
pe tak a waistcoat too ! ** at the same time cutting off
a few ' additional yards of the cloth. — Traditi&n at
Edinburgh*

The Lowlanders were often highly amused by the
demands of their Highland guests, or rather by the
uncouth broken language in which these demands
were preferred. It is siiU told by the aged people

. of Dumfries, as a good jokc^ that they would come
into bouses and ask for « a pread, a putter, and a
sheese, till something petter be ready. " It is re-
meiDbered, in another part of tbe country, that some

■ of lliem gave out their orders for a morning meal, to

~ the mistress of the house, in tbe following language :
** You'll put dovm a pread, matam — ^and a putter,
matam — and a sheese, matam — and a tea, matam— >
ahentleman's preckfast, matam — and you'll kite her a
ihilHng, to carry her to the next toun, matun ! **

The Highland insurgents of 1715 seem to have
taken precisely similar nMfhods of supplying the want
of a regular commissariat. Tbe following anecdote,
which is derived from most respectable authority, ibe
grand-niece of an eye-witness, will perhaps illustrate

. the faett-^ party of recruits, marching down from
their native mountains to join the £arl of- Mar and
passing through the parish of Arngask (Perthshire)
on a Sun^y forernxm, suddenly discovered l^at their
shoes were in great necessity c^ repair, or rather of
renewal ; and complained to their comihander, that,
unless provided with a supply of these necessary at-
tides, they did not believe they should be able to pro-
ceed. The officer felt the dilemma to be extreme^ as
it was at once decessary that his party should lose no
time in getthig to head-quarters, and impossible that
tiiay should procure the means of transporting them
thither ; the day being one upon which the tradesmen
of tbe Lowlands would transact no secular business.

VOL. II. , 2 c

SM MOW.

Uf fiad the tknmdtmm^ boiv«w« or nnhir pcriuipi
tbe good luck, to betliink bimself <^ aa expedieufc, bj
which the whole difficulty might be gpt over. He
observed the paridi church hard by ; he ako heaid
the whole assembled musical powers of the parish
making it ring with psaknody. Confound them ! he
thought, if they will not sell us nsw br<^ues, or mend
our old ones, but sit droning thoe, we'll make them
put us to rights another way. He accordingly march-
ed his men up to the church, led them in, commanded
every man to help himself according to Ids necessi-
tKs t showing the example, by seising tbe shoes of
the precentor. His precept and practice together had
such effect, that, in less than three minutes, the
shoes of the congr^ation were transforred to the feet
of the Highlanders, and the unfortunate worshippers
left to walk home barefooted as best they might.

21 Cliev. Johnstone, 117.

S8 By one of their sliot, a soldier and his wife were a^
multaneously killed, as they were sitting within m
eourt at the beck of the castle. ^TVedtf/on.

*^* ta the collection of tb« local anecdotes hen
presented regarding the Battle of Falkirk, we Iwve Ui
acknowledge considerable obligations to Mr JEtobert
Keir, of that town, a yoivig nMn of extraprdiuaiy
promise, who has been removed by death befine our
thanks could be rendered*

CHAP. IL-^AsBtvAt oPYtts DeKi or CvKanULvm

Ihe face of this General is said to have been perfectlj^
ladiant with joy at the intelligence which at once in
some measure cleartd bis honoer, and caused lum to
gain an immense sum of money. But he was some-
what put out of counioiance by mn absent Scottish
peer addressing faun soon after by tbe title General
Hawley, to the no small amusement of those who
heard the ^ pro ^tnK^^-^Qiutrt. Mev. zxxvi. 180l. As
the reader may possibly- feel some interest in the con-
duct of this unfortunate General, it may furdier be
mentioned, upon the authority of the pamphlet ascribed
to David Hume, that *< during tbe whole winter after
tbe battle of Preston, he was carried about London in
his chair, to escape the d«ision of the nMri) ; HUr the

neifspf thebatrfe ef Falkirk amvetl, mid tbea, he
pulled back the curtains, and shewed his face and his
red riband to all the world. ** Thus, *' adds the
pamphleteer, *< the reputation of which the hero of
Coll Brid;;(et [Fowkes, who was loudly ^nd genecally
accused of cowardice], was the meatus of depriving
him, was in a great measure restored to him by the
hero of Falkirk. "
S EiKtract of a I«t. from £din. in Merchant's Hist
Reb. 329.

3 Hldin. £v. Cour. Feb. 3.

CHAP. III. — Ma&cb vo TBS Nobth;

4 It ought to be mentioned, that about six thousand

Dutch troops had been brought over to £ugland, be-
fore Charles invaded it, being flie quota which the
States of Holland had engaged by treaty to furnish
to tlie King of Great Britain, in case of an invasion
. or rebellion. They had been found useless, on ac-
count of a counter treaty with the King of France, hj
which they engaged not to fiffht against him or his
allies; (under which last denomination Charles
claimed to be considered) ; and had been, before this
period of the campaign, remanded to their own coun*
try.

5 The Hessian soldiers were remarkably handsome,

good-looking men, with long fair hair, which they
combed whenever they sat down. They acquired ttie
affection and esteem of all the people who had oicca*
sion to mix in their society during the ensuing cam*
paign ; notwithstanding that a peculiar liveliness of
temper, which seemed to be their chief characteristic*
and V which constrasted i^rongly witli the saturnine
gravity of the Scottish people, has occasioned the ap-
pellation of *< a Hessian, " to be applied ever since,
among the common people, to boys of a rantipole dis*
position. Their gooid nature and pure manners^ were
favourably compared with the blasphemous conversa-
tion and dissolute conduct of die British soldiery. It
ought perhaps to b^ recorded, for the satisfaction of
the snulf-taking part of the population of Scotland;
that the Hessians vf^te the first to introduce the. use
aSUack rappea intQ this coustt^i in f>E^p«tu^ t^tho

3tt^ VOTEB.

origind nadvc btown, which still beers