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Jgarbatl) College Hibrats 



BOUGHT FROM GIFTS 

FOR THE PURCHASE OF ENGLISH 

HISTORY AND LITERATURE 

"Subscription of 1916" 



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I 



^ 



HISTORY OF WINTERTON 



ADJOINING VILLAGES, 



IN TBB NOKTBSSN 

IK THE COOKTT 07 LINCOLN 



NOTICE OF THEIR ANTIQUITIES: 



BY W. ANDREW. 

BXITU8 ACTA PROBAT. 

HULL: 

PRINTED BY A. 1>. ENGLISH, SILVER STREET : 

1830. 



HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY 

SEr 12 1916 

SUBSCRIPTION OF 1916 



TO 



ItABY B@Y]^T®2?< 



TUB FOLLOWINQ 



BRIEF HISTORY 



RBSPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 

BY HER LADYSHIP'S OBLIGED 

AND GRATEFUL SERVANT, 

WILLIAM ANDREW. 



PREFACE. 



The author has spent two years in coUectkig 
materials for his work in Winterton and the 
neighbourhood. The Antiquities of the Nor- 
thern Division of Manlej having long re- 
mained unnoticed, he, however unqualified 
for the undertaking, determined to attempt 
iihe compilation of a small volume on the sub- 
ject, which is now most respectfully submitted 
to the public. To what extent he may have 
tocceeded in answering the expectations of his 
subscribers, they alone can declare; but it 
would be ungratefiil in him not to acknowledge 
the numerous obligations he is under to many 
kind fiiends, whose communications materially 
enhance the value of his book. He has also to 
state that an ancient M. S., found at Banow, 



VI. PREFACE. 

afforded him much infonnation, the correct* 
ness of which was verified by the laborfotw 
researches of an eminent banister in London^ 
who has been kind enough to examine the 
Charter Bolk in the Tower^ the Parliamentary 
Writs, Doomsday Book, and other valuable 
and rare records, and surveys, to which his 
professional residence in the Temple gave him 
ready access. Neither time nor trouble has 
been spared in consulting eveiy authorily likdj 
to sopplj any thing which might contribute 
either to interest or gratify tiie reader, and 
this may account for the slight biographical 
sketches wi& which the work is occasionally 
interspersed. Several of the epitaphs insertea 
are chiefly remarkable for their quaihtnefiis, 
and though possessing no claims to the atten- 
tion of the oitic or the scholar, may serve to 
show the church-yard literature of this part of 
Lincolnshire at a former period. Whilst on 
the subject of epitaphs, he may be pardoned 



PRKf'ACE. Tn. 

for remarking, that it had often struck him' as 
being peculiarly hard, that so many virtuous 
and deserving people should he libelled oii 
their tombstones by ignorant, or injiididous 
scribblers. An epitaph is a sdrioiis affiiir, and 
as the individual whose good qiudities it is 



designed to conunemorate has scarcely ever 
any thing to do with its composition, surely 
some competent person ought to be intrusted 
with the business, and to take especial care 
that nothing fboUsh or inappropriate shbiild be 
suffered to appear. If this were done, our 
cenieteries would be better worth visiting than 
they are at present, and doggrel verse and 
mongrel prose would no longer disgust the 
traveller, who often devotes the first leisure 
moments he possesses to their inspection. 

Circumstances, over which the compiler 
of this work had no control, prevent the pos- 
sibility of a plate being inserted of Winterton 
Cottage, as promised in the centi*e of the work. 



• •• 



Tin. IRBPikCK. 



audior had nothiilg jGurther to raaoark 
either of himelf or his bodk; so once agab 
tendering his WBxmest thanks to his Menck 
tar their assistance, he submits his labouift to 
thepfubfic, in the hope that the vestiges of a 
mighty empire which he has been enabled to 
rescue from oblivion, may mait examination. 



WiNTSRTON, May 24th, 1836. 



SUBSCRIBERS. 



Thb Right Hon. Lord Yarborough. 

The Hon. C. A. W. Pblham, M. P., 2 copies. 

The Hon. and Rev. Charles Bathurst. 

The Lady Emily Bathurst. 

The Countess Strathmorb. 

Lady Boynton, 12 copies. 

Sir R. Sheffield, Bart., 2 copies. 

William Hutt, Esq., M. P. 

Col. Thompson, M.P. 

R. C. Elwbs, Esq., 4 copies. 

Charles Winn, Esq., 6 copies. 

M arm A duke Constable, Esq. 

6. M. Bernard, Esq., 2 copies. 

The Rev. Charles Sheffield, 8 copies. 

The Rev. Sir C. J. Anderson, Bart. 

Abbey, Mr., Appleby 

Abraham, Mr. F., Bartoa 

Abraham, H. R., Esq., London 

Addey, Mr., Winterton 

Alcock, Mr., ditto 

AUcock, Mr., Normanby Grange 

Aikin, Mr., Alkborough 

Alderson, Mr., Luddington 

Alderson, John, Esq.VM.D., Hull 

Anderson, Miss A., Hull 

Andrew, Mr., Solicitor, Nottingham 

Andrew, Mr. J., Solicitor, Liverpool 

Andrew, Mr. W., Solicitor^ Manchester 



X. SUBSCRIBERS. 

Andrew, Mr. Joseph, 2nd Life Guards 
Andrew, Mr., Appleby 
Anyan, Mr., Wintertoo, 2 copies 
Atkinson, Mr. W., Brigg 
Atkinson, Mr., Brocklesby 
Atkinson, Mr. Thomas, Hessle 
Atkinson, Mrs., Brigg 

Barnes, Mrs., Hull 
Bayldon, Mrs., Holiiughurst 
Barratt, Mrs.,.Langholme 
Barratt, Miss A., Winteringham 
Barratt, Mr. John, Winteirton 
Barker, Mr., Surgeon,* Mansfield 
Beaoock, Mr., Winterton 
Beacock,.Mi8s, ditto 
Bennett, Mr., Winteringham, 2 copies 
Bell, Mr. R. I., Surgeon, Reedness 
Bennett, Mr., Surgeon, Winterton, 2 copies 
Bennett, Mr. W., Surgeon, Brigg 
Bennett, Mr., Adlingfleet 
'Bennett, Mrs., Appleby 
Bennett, Mr. C, ditto 
Belton, Mr., Barrow 
Belton, Mr. John, Winterton 
Bourne, Mr., Surgeon, Brigg 
Boyle, Rev. John, Barton 

Booth, Mr., Alkborough 
Blaneha^, Mr. N., WinteFton 
Blanchard, Mr. John, ditto 
Blackburn, Mr., Goleby 
Blackburn, Mr. John, West Halton 
Bratton, Mr.^ Winteringham 



SUBSCRIBERgf. XL. 

Breeton, Miss, Alkboiongk 

Breretoii, Charles, Esq., Beverley 

Brown, Mr. Solicitor, Barton, 2 copies 

Brown, Mr., Appleby 

Brocklesby, Mr., Leeds 

Broadbent, Mrs., Hull 

Brown, Mr. Robert N., Witfterton 

Brown, Mr., Normanby, 2 copies 

Bnimmitt, Mrs., Winterton 

Brumby, Mr. W., ditto 

Burkill, Mr. C, Winteringham 

Burkill, Miss, ditto 

Burkill, Mr. Edward, ditto 

Burkill, Mr. Isaac., ditto 

Burkill, Mr. W., ditto 

Burkill, Mr. John, Winterton 

Burton, Mr., Roxby 

Butter, Miss M. A., Winteringham 

Butter, Miss, ditto 

Butter, Miss, Hallifax 

Bust, Mr., Winterton, 2 copies 

Cartledge, Mr., Solicitor, Chancery Lane, London 

Carr, Mr., Alkborough 

Chafer, Mr., West Halton 

Chapman, Mr., Winterton 

Chapman, Mr., Winteringham 

Champion, Mr., Burton, 2 copies 

Cheeseman, Mr.9 Winterton^ 2 copies 

Clarke, W. C. W., Esq., Bramby., 2 copied 

Coopland, Mrs., Winterton 

Coopland, Miss C, ditto 

Coopland, Mr. W., ditto 



XU. SUBSCRIBEBA. 

€k>oplaod, Missy ditto 
Coopland, Mt^ Walcot 
Coopland, Mrs., ditto 
Cooper, S. S., Esq., Hull 
Cook, Mr., Alkborovigh 
Cook, Mr., Wintertim 
Cook, Mr. W., ditto 
Cockin, Mr., ditto 
Crook, Mr. Jonathan, BiDgham 

Davey, Mr. Thomas, Winterton 
Des Forges, Mr., Surgeon, Burton 
Dent, Joseph, Esq., Appleby, 4 copies. 
Doncaster, Mr. C, Bingham 
Doncaster, Mrs., Bingham Notts 
Driffield, Mr. W. H., Thealby 
Driffield, Mr. Thomas, ditto 
Drake, Rev. W. F., West Halton 
Dudding, Mr., Sanvcliffe 
Dungan, Capt., 17th Lancers 

Ealand, Mr. A., (Vinterton 
Eason, Mr., ditto 
Easom, Mr., Sen., Carlton Notts 
Eaton, Mr., Alkborough 
England, Mr., Normanby 
England, Mr., Whition 
English, Mr. A. D., Hull, 50 copies 
Everatt, Mrs., Winterton 
Everatt, Mr., Bishopthorpe 
Evans, Mr. T., Brigg 

Farrow, Mr., Alkborough 
Fasson, Mr., Winterton^ 2 copies 



SUBSCRIBERS. XUl. 

Ferriby, Mr., Owmby • 

Fielding, G. H., Esq., Hull 

Fitchett, Josiah, Esq., ditto 

Foster, Mr. James, Winteringhain. 

Foster, Mr., ditto 

Foster, Mr. John, Snaith 

Fowler, Mr. W. H., Burton, 2 copies 

Fox, John, Esq., Solicitor, Newark 

Fox, Mr., Long Row, Nottingham 

Frost, Rev. J. D., Hull 

Frost, Miss, ditto 

Frost, Charles, Esq., ditto 

Freeman, Mr., Vet. Surgeon', Winterton 

Gelder, Mr., Winterton 
Gell, Mr., ditto 
Gibbons, Mr., Brocklesby 
Gibson, Mr., Winterton 
Gilding, Mr. H., ditto 
Gilding, Mr. Joseph, ditto 
Gilding, Mr. John, America 
Gilding, Mr. George, Winterton 
Gray, Mr. R., ditto 
Green, Mr. West Halton, 2 copies 
Green, Miss, Coleby 
Green, Miss S., West Halton 
Green, Mr. John, Coleby 
Green, Mr. John, Whitton 
Gregory, Miss, Brigg 
Grindale, Mr. Charles, Hull 
Gunson, Miss, Flixborough 
Gummerson, Mr. W., Brigg 

Harris, Mr,, Alkborough 
Hart, Mr. James. Brigg 



XiV. .8UB8CSIBfiR8. 

Hage, Mrs. H.^ Newaik 
Hall» Mr. S.» Wlnterton 
Harvey, Mr., Hull 
Harrison. Mr»» Winterton 
Haste, Mr., Alkborough 
Hayes, Mrs., Winterton, 3 copies 
Healey, Henry, Esq., High Rist^, 2 copies- 
Hayes, Mr. Frederick, Barton 
Heseltine, Mr., Worlaby, 2 copies 
Heseltine, Mr. C, ditto, 2 copies 
Heseltine, Miss, ditto, 2 copies 
Heseltine, Mr. Thomas, ditto 
Hill, Miss, Alkborough 

Higginbottom, John, Esq., Surgeon, Nottingham 
Hilbert, Mr. James S., Scunthorpe 
Hodson, Mr., Alkborough 
Holgate, Mr., Low Risby, 2 copies 
Holgate, Mr. W. F., Keelby Grange 
Holgate, Miss, Barton ' 
Holgate, Mr. Darcey, Roxby 
Holden, Mr. William, Hull 
Holmes, Mr. John, Winterton 
Hopkinson, Mr. G., jun., Solicitor, Nottingham 
Huitson, Mr., Alkborough 
. Hunter, Mr. John, jun., Barrow 
Homsby, Mr., Winterton 
Huckerby, Mr. W., Bingham 
Hutchinson, R. S., Esq., M.D., Nottingham 

Jacklin, Miss, Winterton 

Jackson, Mr. John, ditto 

Jackson, Mr. John, Surgeon, WJiatton 

Jackson, Mr.. Addlethorpe 

James, Mr. Robert, Artist, Nottingham 

Johnson, Mr., Appleby 



SI?B8CRIBBK8. 



Johnson, Miss R., Wintertoo . : 

Johnson, Mr. C*, Lkm Hotel, Biigg ^ 

Johnson, Mr., Burton 

Johnson, Mr. Benjamin, SkeOingthorpe Decoy 

Jolly, Mr., Wintelrton 

Jones, Mr., Snrgeon, Brig^ 

Keal, Mr«, Winterton 
Keyworth, Mr. M. S., Elsham 
Keyworth, Mr. John, Manchester 
Keyworth, Mr. Thomas, lincohk 
King, Mr., Draper, Hull 
Kirke, Mr., Draper, ditto 
Knight, Rev. W., ditto 

Langton, Mr. W., Whitton 
Lawtey, Mr. P., Winterton 
Leonard, Mrs. £., Ryall 
Ledgard, Mr., Whitton 
Lightfoot, Mr., Surgeon, Nottingham 
Lumley, Mr., Winterton 

Marshall, Mrs., Winteringham 
Marshall, Mr. W., Bngg 
Marston, Mr., Surgeon, Winterton 
Marris, Mr., Winterton, 2 copies 
Maxsted, Mr., Solicitor, Winterton, 2 copies 
Megit, Mr. W., Artist, Hull 
Mc. Dugall, Mr., Manby 
Michaelwait, Mr.,. Winterton 
Michaelwait, Mr* Edward, ditto 
Moody, £nos, £sq., Wragby 
Moore, Mr. R., Manby 
Morris, Mr. W., Brigg 

Nay lor, Mr., Alkborough 
Naylor, Mr., Winterton, 2 copies 



XVI. SUBSCRIBERS. 

Naylor, Mr. John, Halton 

Nay lor, Mr. C, WiDteringhain 

Nassau, Mr. W. Winterton 

Nassau, Mr. John, ditto 

Nassau, Mr. George^ ditto 

Nassau, Miss, ditto 

Nassau, Mr. Thomas, ditto 

Newmarch, Rev. H., Winterjngham 

Newmarch, Mr., Hull, 2 copies 

Newmarch, Miss^ ditto 

Newmarch, Mr. R. G., Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Nicholson, Mr. W., Winterton 

Nicholson, Mr., ditto 

Nicholson, Mr., Readings House 

Nicholson, Miss, Winterton 

Norwood, Mrs. E., ditto 

Norwood, Mr., William, ditto 

Norwood, Mr. C, ditto 

Norwood, Mr. John, Winterton 

Oldfield, Mr., Winterton 
Oldman, Mr., Solicitor, Gainsborough 
Oldham, John, Esq., Carlton -upon-Trent 
Oliver, Mr. I. D., Bingham Notts 
Oliver, Mr. John, ditto 

Palmer, W., Esq., M. A., Temple 

Palmer, George, Esq., Nasing Park, Essex 

Peacock, W. B., Esq, M. D., Gainsbro', 2 copies 

Phillipson, Mrs,, Winterton 

Pickersgill, Mr. B., Winteringham 

Pilgrim, Mr. W., Nottingham 

Pilgrim, Mr , Shelford Notts 

Potts, Miss A., Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Popple, Mr. George, Alkborough Flats 



SUBSCRIBERS. XVli. 

Pppple, Mr., Roxby 
Poster, Mr. W., London 
PuUen^ Mr. Samuel, Flixborough 

Rack, Mr., Appleby 
Ramsey, Mr., Roxby 
Reed, Miss £., Burton Stather 
Read, Rev. J. C. R., Frickley Hall 
Read, Rev. J. F. R., Frickley 
Reynolds, Mrs., Newark 
Reynard, Rev. W., Ripon 
Ricbter, Mrs., Kirton 
Richardson, Mr. John, Horkstow 
Richardson, Mr., Northland's House ' 
Robinson, Mr., Winterton, 2 copies ' 
Robinson, Mr. John, ditto 
Rose, Mr., Sui^eon, Bingham* 
Robinson, Miss, Roxby 
Robinson, Mr. C. Winterton * 

Sadler, Mr., Surgeon, Winterton 

Sandars, Miss, Ferry 

Scarborough, Mr., Winteringfaam, 2 copies 

Seaton, Mr., Pontefract 

Sewell, Mr., Burton 

Sewell, Mr. Thomas, Thealby 

Sharpe, Mr. Joseph, West Halton 

Sharpe, Miss, ditto 

Sharpe, Mr. John, ditto 

Sharpe, Mr. Haldenby, ditto 

Shipham, Mrs., Hull 

Shearwood, Mr., Appleby 

Simpson, Mr., Winterton 

Slater, Samuel, jun., Esq., Cariton 



Smith) Rev. Thomas, WioImCoq, ft cqplp9 

Smithy Mr. Adam^ Brigg ' 

Smithy Mr. lobn* Appfe)^ 

Smith, Mr. H.> ditto 

Smith, Mr., Winterton 

Smith, Mr., White lion* Nottingham 

Smith, J. H*, £9%^ Hull 

Smith, Mr. W.„ ditto 

SmithfoD, Mr., Cokby 

Snowden, Mr., Wintj^n 

Spring, Mr., ditto 

Spilman, Mr., Coleby 

Spiiman, Mi;..., WU^ftfm 

Spilman,.Mr.» W.,,.4itlo 

Strong, Mr., mx^^j Bjiii^bw* . 

Streets, Mr. Isaac, ,^]i|t<wtpa 

St&newell, Mr. Wm Btift9» ^talber. 

Stanewell, Mr., Wint^rton^ 2 oppiea 

Stephenson, Mr. Jobii,.iU)iK)yjr„9^q|Mea 

Swann, Rev. W., Lincoln 

Summer, Mr. 0.,, lA^oedmanse^f 

Suttoo, Mr. John, Winterton 

Taylor, Mr., Roxby 

Taylor, Mr., Audkby 

Teanby, Mr., WintMrtoH 

Thompson, I. V., Eaq.;, F. A. S., Hall 

Topham, Mr., Alkborougb 

Toplis, Mr., Nottingham 

Toplis, Mr. J., ditio . 

Towie, Mr., Kettleby 

Uppleby, Mr. W., Bonby 
Usher, Mr^ Appleby 



SUBSCRIBERS. XIX. 

Waddingham, Mr. G., Winteringham 

Waddingham, Mr.^ West Halton 

Walker, Mr. Samuel; Bingham 

Walker, Mr., AlUMowIt^ 

Walls, Mrs., Goltho* 

Walsham, Mr., Colehy 

Walton, Mr., Bulwell, Nottinghamshire 

Webster, Mrs., Winterton 

Wells, Mr. Thomas, ditto 

Westoby, Rev. A., Emberton, Bucks 

Westoby, Mr., Scarborough 

Westoby, Mr. A. 6., Winterton 

Westoby. Mr., Winteringham 

Whitaker, C, £sq.» Hull 

Waites, Mr., Winterton 

Wharton, Mr., ThomlMllme 

Williams,. J« C.| Esq.-, M. D., Nottingham 

Winn« Mr., Burton Stather 

Winp, Mr., Alkborough 

Wilson^ Rev, J„ Whitton 

Wilson^ Mr., Winterton 

Wilkinson, Mr. John, Barton 

Wilkinson, Mr. John, Brigg 

Wormwald, Mr., Bayswater, London 

Wray, Miss J., Winterton. 

Wroot, Mr., Druggist, Lincoln 

Wroot, Miss, Whitgift 

Wood, Rev. J. A., West Halton 

Yorke, Mr., Alkborough 



INDEX. 



. * * • 



PAGB 

WINTERTON ......;. 1 

APPLEBY 38 

THORNHOLME 43 

SANTON 43 

ROXBY CUM RISBY 49 

FLIXBOROUGH 67 

BURTON-UPON-STATHER , 59 

NORMANBY 60 

WEST HALTON , 6G 

COLEBY 71 

ALKBOROUGH •-. 74 

WHITTON .;.....,.... 82 

WINTERINGHAM 84 



« 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 

OF THB 

NOKTHEKN DIVISION OF MANLEY. 



WINTERTON. 



WS[iVttVt9% or, as it was anciently called 
Winteriiurton, is generally considered to be of 
Saxo. <^. troUUj Zm that mo^ haTing 

the mother town of Antiquity for the division 
ofLindsey. 

It is bounded on the east side, by the old 
Roman road, or as it was called Hermen, or 
Old Street: about a mile from Appleby, this 
Roman way passes through the Roxby pas- 
ture, the property of Mr. Elwes, runs across 
the Horkstow road, from Winterton, and by 

B 



2 WINTERTON. 

the East Field farm, into Winteringham lord- 
ship ; the direct line it formerly took through 
the latter town to the Hmnber, lies now, 
nearly a mile to the east of that place, and is 
destroyed by inclosures. It is boimded again 
on the west by the Cliff-hills, and is eight 
miles west, by south, of Barton, Winterton, 
once of so much importance to the Romans, 
is still a flourishing town, and contains twelve 
or thirteen himdred inhabitants. 

It appears from old authority, that the 
Danes, about the year 797, frequently overran 
and destroyed this part of the county of Lin- 
coln, and that a numerous fleet came this year 
into the Humber, laid waste the whole country 
adjacent, and after taking much booty fromi 
the land adjoining the Trent, returned home. 
Again, in 838, a fleet was driven by storm, 
into the Abus, or Humber, with great loss of 
men and ships, which so enraged these barba-^ 
rians, that without distinction, they put to 
4eath, men, women, and children. In the 
year 867, sijnilar ravages were again com- 
mitted; and about 873, the invaders sent off 
.considerable booty tp Denmark. 



WINTERTON. 3 

During the time the Danes wintered in the 
principal towns of Lindsey, they continued 
pillaging, and obliged the ancient Britons to 
pay fealty to them as their lords^ calling vil- 
lages and towns by their own names, which 
many of them have retained to the present 
time. Their acts of tyranny at length tired 
the natives, who, on the night of the twelfth of 
November, 1012, proceeded to the tents of 
the Danes, and, with the cruelty so prevalent 
in those barbarous ages, put them all to death. 
Robert, of Gloucester says that this mas- 
sacre was again revenged by the men of 
Sweden and Denmark ; and from this time, 
the country was one continued scene of bloody 
warfare, through the reigns of several kings, 
imtQ WilHam, Duke of Normandy, obtained 
these realms by conquest. 

On the accession of William to the throne, 
Norman d'Arcy, commonly called Darcey, 
had thirty-three lordships given to him^ as a 
reward for his services in the wars which 
preceded the conquest; amongst these Win- 
terton is particularly noticed. At the decease 
of this nobleman, his possessions fell to his son 

B 2 



4 WINTERTON. 

and heir, Robert d'Arcy, who, is said to have 
founded the great priory, at Nocton, in this 
county, for black canons, and endowed it with 
£50 per annum. Lord Robert d'Arcy was 
succeeded by his son, Thomas, who, following 
the good example of his father, gave to the 
above priory, many lands and churches. 
Thomas d'Arcy dying in the twenty-second 
year of the reign of William the second, left 
all his property to Thomas, his heir, the fourth 
baron of that line. This nobleman held twenty 
knights' fees of the king, for which he attended 
William in all his wars, and thereby obtained 
much renown j he also held one of Sir William 
de Percey, whose only daughter he married ; — 
he died about the year 1196, and was suc- 
ceeded by his son, Norman, the second of 
that name. Norman d'Arcy took up arms 
against his sovereign lord, by which he lost his 
large possessions in Winterton, and different 
parts, and they were given to one Peter de 
Warren ; but peace soon after ensuing, he had 
them again restored. 

In this person's life time, Hugh Nevel, Lord 
of Raby, gave the king twenty marks for 



WINTERTON. 5 

permission to marry Denderata, the daughter 
of Sir Stephen de Lemara, Lord of Glatnford 
Briggs, near Winterton; and for liberty to 
hold a market at that place, and a fair every 
year for three days. 

The second Norman d'Arcy, Lord of Win- 
terton, dying, left his estate to his son Philip, 
who was a valiant soldier and served king 
Henry the third in his wars in France : he 
died peaceaMy in 12ft4, and was succeeded 
by Norman the third, his son and heir. 

Upon the breaking out of the dvil wars 
between the barons and the reigning prince, 
the said Norman took the part of the barons, 
for which his estates were confiscated, but he 
obtained them again by submission, and in 
consideration of the services he had rendered 
the nation during the wars in Scotland, 
France, and Wales. 

In his declining yeaxs, he gave the tithes 
and church of Winterton to the priory and 
convent* of Melton, and allowed them for 
serving God, the sum of £2 13s. 4d. annually, 
out of which four marks were given to the 
prior as a stipend. He died in 1296, in the 

b3 



.^.Ik*^ 



6 WINTERTON. 

twenty-fourfli year of the reign of Edward the 
first, and was succeeded by his son Philip, the 
second of that name. 

During these feudal times, Henry Lord 
Beaumont existed and was intimately ac- 
quainted with this Philip Lord d'Arcy: the 
latter a great wap|or and for the services ren- 
dered to his king obtained a grant of the manor 
of Barton-upon-Humber ; he repaired the great 
church there, and made new windows in the 
same, and on one of those in the chancel he 
may still be seen in effigy, in the habit of a 
pilgrim, having taken upon himself a pil- 
grimage to Jerusalem. About this time, it 
appears that the posterity of Philip held by 
purchase or other right, a share of the d'Arcies' 
estate at Winterton. 

This second Philip d'Arcy, whom we have 
just mentioned, was likevdse intimate with the 
great and turbulent Earl of Lancaster, who 
hating Gavaston and the de Spencers, favorites 
of Edward the second, persuaded this peer 
with numerous others, to take up arms against 
his sovereign ; this rebellion being suppressed, 
his lands were seized by the king, but 



WINTERTON. 7 

professing great hmnility^ and prostrating him- 
self at the foot of the throne^ he obtained pardon, 
and his estates were restored. 

On the decease of the second Philip, Lord 
d'Arcy, his estates and title devolved upon 
his son Norman, the fourth of that name, who 
had scarelj taken possession of them, when 
the restless Duke of Lancaster drew him, as 
he had formerly done his father, into open re- 
bellion ; whereupon the king seized all he had 
in these parts, and gave them to one Sir John 
deLandham, Knight. 

The fall that awaited Lancaster was more 
severe, for being found guilty of treason, he 
was taken to his castle at Pontefract and there 
executed. This was the Earl of Lancaster, 
whom we shall hereaftCT notice for his bene- 
factions to the town or village of Burton-upon- 
Stather. The Sir John de Landham, before- 
mentioned, was thereupon styled Lord of the 
manor of Winterton; which knight, in the 
tenth year of Edward the second, 1317, offered 
to his brother, William de Landham, a man 
of holy orders, all the right of a property 
held by Thomas Locke, of the township of 



S WINTERTON. 

Winterton, which, however, the latter did not 
accept, but through his hand and seal, ac- 
quitted himself of all claim whatever. 

The fourth Norman d' Arcy seems, however, 
to have had his former property restored to 
him, but going to the wars in Flanders, he 
died there, in 1340, leaving no children; 
nearly all the estates in this neighbourhood, 
excepting those which he bequeathed to his re- 
lative. Sir John d'Arcy of the Park, and his 
two sisters Juliana and Agnes, descended to 
John d'Arcy, uncle to this fourth Norman, and 
brother to the second Philip, Lord d'Arcy ; Ju- 
liana, the eldest sister, is generally supposed to 
have married Sir Philip de Landham, Knight, 
though Camden says she married Sir Peter de 
Limbergh, and Agnes married Sir Roger dc 
Pedwardine, Knight. 

John d'Arcy was a baron of great note, and 
in his time, served at various periods, the 
office of high sheriflf for the counties of Not- 
tingham, Derby, Lancaster, and York. In the 
first year of the reign of Edward the third, 
he obtained a charter for a free warren 
throughout his demesne lands in Winterton^ 



WINTERTON* 9 

Flixborough, Coningsby, and Wrawby. He 
had a residence at Snaith, in Lincolnshire, for 
which he got a charter to hold a market 
weekly, and a fair once a year j — ^in the nine- 
teenth year of the reign of this king, he obtained 
the privileges for Torksey, and died one year 
after having procured such acquisition, Anno 
Domini, 1347, leaving Sir John d*Arcy, his 
son, successor to the title and estates. Sir John 
d*Arcy, during his father's life, in the year 
1327, fought at the renowned battle of Cressy. 
He was plenipotentiary in those times, between 
the crowns of England and France, and wa» 
appointed governor of the tower of London; 
from him are descended most of the great 
families of the d'Ardes in England. 

Dugdale,.in Ins baronage, taken from Dooms* 
day book, thus notices their pedigree : — " It 
"is remarkable that this family of d*Arcy 
"seems to be the only male descendants of 
" any of the conqueror's barons now remjaining 
" among the peers. Lord Holdemesse is the 
" heir of that family." 

Neither the manuscript nor any record we 
have been able to obtain, gives any frirther 



10 WINTERTON. 

account of the feudal lords of this town : many 
men of family and property have at times held 
great portions of the parish of Winterton ; but 
no one has ever had the property entirely under 
his sway since it went from the d'Ardes. Al- 
though these barons appear to have possessed 
this estate for a considerable length of time, 
no trace is now left of their having dwelt here. 
A road west of the town, has for many genera- 
tions gone by the name of " YearTs Gate^ 
probably abbreviated from " the EarVs Gate ;** 
but if a castle or dwelling was ever erected in 
Winterton, it most probably stood where the 
house built by Place now stands, time having 
totally destroyed all other remains. 

It is said by some of the old inhabitants, that 
in a field, belonging to the Cliff farm, a sub- 
terraneous passage exists to this day which 
had communication with the residence of the 
far-famed Marmions, at Winteringham ; but 
this report, most probably, has no foundation. 

The manuscript next proceeds to notice a 
great family of the Sleights who were wealthy 
people here in the reign of Heniy the fifUi, 
one of whom, by his last will and testament. 



WINTERTON. 11 

dated the twelfth of May, 1420, bequeathed his 
soul to Gody the Virgin Maryy avid AU Saints y 
and desired his hody to be buried in the 
church of All Saints, in this town, giving 3s. 4d. 
to the fabric of the same; to the high altar, 
8d. ; to the cathedral of Lincoln, 2s. ; to the 
church at Beverley, Is. ; and to every priest 
who should be at his funeral, 6d., — ^with some 
other bequests. 

An ancient document is inserted in the manu* 
script, with which, for .the amusement of our 
readers, we present them. It is an indenture 
by way of agreement, made in 1456, between 
the prior and convent of Malton, on the one part, 
and the parishioners of Winterton on the other 
part; relating to the custom, duties, and dues, 
that the one claimeth to have of the other ; — ^it 
is as follows : — 

^^®l^t» Snlrnttttn^ made between the 
Prior and Convent of Malton, in the county of 
York, and the Parson of the kirk of Winterton, 
in the county of Lincoln, of the one part, and 
Lyon Hatfield, Esquire, Henry Childerhow, 
John Abalt, John Lacey, John EllersaQ, John 
Maydenwell, William Brown, John Spicer, 



12 WINTERTON. 

and others of the parishioneiB^ of the same 
town of Winterton, of the oilier part; ^tWCtt^ 
WSCitntH^f that whereas, the said parishoners, 
claim to have of the prior and convent yearlj, 
a deacon, founded in the said church of Win- 
taton^ sufficiently learned in reading and 
smging, to the maintenance of God's service, 
in the same place. liP[0O the said parishioners 
claim yearly, to have of the prior and convent 
of Malton, in the Ember days, before Chiist- 
mas, one quarb^ of wheat meal, and two oxen, 
to be given to the poor people of the same 
parish ; and also the same parishioners claim 
yearly, of the prior and convent, one hundred 
and five shillings, and five pairs of shoes, to be 
dealt to the poor people of the same parish. 
itf aVf^ WlitnSW, that it is agreed with the 
prior and convent of Malton, and their suc- 
cessors, that they shall have certain swapes of 
meadows,* called Friar-crofts, Typpete, and 
Shackhole, for all the grass there growing, ac- 
cording to the custom then used, and to have 

* Probably swarthes, or stoeeps of meadows — so 
many cuttin^s^ of the Scythe. 



WINTERTON. 13 

no further interest in the said grounds than is 
according to custom ; whereupon the said piror 
of Malton^ and the said convent, and Lyon 
Hatfieldy Esquire, and other parishioners of 
the same town of Winterton, have agreed 
them to abide the rule and abridgment of 
Roger Fawconbeig, Esquire, of all the pre- . 
mises, and of all matters between them, from 
the beginning of the worlds to the day of 
maMng this Indenture. And the said Roger 
Fawconberg, taking upon him tlie said rule 
and abridgment, hath awarded and deemed by 
the agreement of both parties, that the said 
prior and convent of Malton, and their sue-* 
cessors, shall yearly give 10s. to the kirk 
masters^ of the kirk of Winterton ; also the 
said prior and convent of Malton, and their 
successors, shall at their own costs, repair a 
dyke, lying ia Winterton, between Friar-crofts 
and Brawater, as often as it need be repaired. 
iEn WStitnt»n Wt^tVtOt, the parties have 
set their hands and seals, the 10th day of 
August, in the thirty-sixth year of the reign 

* Cburcb masters or wardens. 

C 



L. 



14 WINTERTON. 

of Henry the sixth, &c." The seal is oblongs 
of red wax, having an effigy of the Virgin 
Mary, with Christ in her arms, and about it 

is ^'StgiHttm ^riortSt tt €t^ni)mtm, 

This curious agreement was extant at the 
time the manuscript was written ; but where 
it is now, or whether it is yet in existence can- 
not be discovered. That the thing is probable, 
there can be no doiibt, as up to the present 
time, the fields mentioned still retain their 
names of ^^ Friar^crofts and Typpete-/^ the 
one mentioned as ** ShackhoUy'' is now called 
" Clerkshole,' and is tenanted by the parish 
clerk of Winterton, and the dyke running 
between Friar^crofts and Brawater still flows 
as in ancient days though the stream is neither 
so wide nor so strong. Tliis agreement ofthe 
parishioners of Winterton with the monks of 
Malton priory, very likely had fall force until 
the time of the general dissolution, when the 
land probably devolved on the clergyman, or 
on one of the principal inhabitants : the pro* 
perty now belongs to the family of the Stovins. 
That some of the names, forming part pf the 



■»- - M, ^- " -*» 



-^F-^P^P^P 



WINTERTON. 15 

before-mentioned agreement, were existing in 
Winterton at the time of the general reforma- 
tion, is evident from the parish register. 

About the year 1 500, a great family of the 
Rudds flourished in this town, one of whom 
was a merchant of the staple at Calais, in 
France, whereby he gained a great estate ; at 
his death in 1504, he gave the chief part of 
his property for charitable purposes. 

From 1504 to 1630, nothing of moment is 
recorded of Winterton ; but in the latter year, 
mention is made of ite bomidaxies having 
formed a part of the great Ancbolme drainage ; 
and the gentiemen of the neighbourhood took 
upon themselves effectually to keep down the 
waters, which then inundated the circumjacent 
fields; for which a recompence of one third 
part was awarded to them, their heirs, and 
and assigns, for ever. The work was effec- 
tually completed by cutting broad drains 
through nearly die whole length of the eastern 
part of the lordship, upon the end of which 
they built a large sluice of stone, with arched 
work, communicating with the Humber. — 
This undertaking, with twenty-four large 

c 2 



16 WINTERTOK. 

doors or gates, cost tlie sum of £3,900 : — ^the 
foundation was formed upon trees, taken from 
the woods of Broughton and Thomholme* 
The writer of the manuscript proceeds to 
say, — " their work was ill timed and badly 
"judged, they, for such purpose, having de- 
" stroyed and pulled down the chapel at But- 
" terwick, to build the same ; soon after which 
" commenced the civil wars, when the nation 
" became sorely troubled.** 

About this period, Mr. Thomas Place, a 
respectable inhabitant of the town, built, pro- 
bably on the site of the old mansion of the 
d'Arcies, a substantial new hall: the walU 
bebg one yard in thickness, and fonned of 
good stone^ From this person*s extreme be- 
nevolence to the church, recorded elsewhere, 
and other acts of kindness done to the town, 
his estate became involved, and having been 
mortgaged to the family of Stovin, at his 
decease it fell into their possession; thdr 
crest and court of arms may be seen to this 
day, in bold relief, over one of the northern 
doors. — ^A descendant of this family, proving 
a careless man, and a spendthrift, his likeness. 



WINTERTON. 17 

at his decease, with those of other degraded 
relations, were allowed to hang upon the walls 
of the rooms, as a lasting memorial of extra- 
vagance and folly. The house is now tenanted 
by Mr. N. Blanchard, who likewise rents the 
lands formerly held by the before-mentioned 
Thomas Place. 

The town of Winterton has of late years 
undergone considerable improvements, A re- 
sident surgeon, of the name of Manis, having 
obtained £10,000 by lottery, spent the gi'eater 
part of it in erecting houses , one of which be- 
came the property of Francis Watt, Esquire, 
who afterwards sold it to Lady Boynton, relict 
of Sir Griffith Boynton, Bai'onet. Dming 
the last simuner, this mansion has received 
considerable improvement from her ladyship, 
under the immediate superintendence of H. R. 
Abraham, Esquire, an eminent architect from 
London. From the great sum of money ex- 
pended on these repairs, and from those made 
on the estate of Joseph Dent, Esquire, the 
tradesmen and poor people of the town and 
neighbourhood have been greatly benefited. 

A court leet and court baron are regulai-ly 

c3 



18 WINTERTON. 

held in the town, as well as a soke court ; all 
the inhabitants having houses standing in the 
duchy of Lancaster, are free from paying 
stallage, in any town or city in England. 
For many years past, it had been customary 
for some of the inhabitants of the town to shoot 
and course on the 5th day of November ; but 
this amusement is now discontinued. 

A com market is beld here weekly on a 
Wednesday evening, and there are shows for 
the sale of cattle in March and September, and 
a fair in July. 

The rivers in iMs division of Lindsey axe 
the Humber, the Trent, and the Ancholme. 
There are excellent springs about Winterton, 
one of which, lying in a field eastward of the 
town, called " the Holy-well Dale^^ has the 
property of petrifying vegetable matter. The 
** Weir-pond/^ or " Spring ^^^ furnishes the town 
with excellent water. There is now a pump 
placed by the pond^ over a spring, which, till 
the latter part of the sixteenth centmy, was 
left open ; it was covered on account of two 
children being drowned there. Before this 
time the water flowed entirely down the street, 



WINTERTON. 19 

which was rendered passable by means of step- 
ping stones. The annual value of real pro- 
perty assessed here in 1815, was £5942. 

gfonaQan 49ent> ^^qtxixt, was bom at 

Roxby, in the early part of the last century } 
his father was a creditable fanner at that place, 
and as far back as August, 1698, the name of 
Dent is recorded in the Roxby church register, 
but the ancient reddence of this family was at 
Alkborough, where they had long held pos- 
sessions. The subject of this memoir, on the 
death of his father, came into possession of a 
handsome property, which was increased by the 
liberality of an uncle. Early in life he became 
close, thoughtful, and saving, but was, never- 
theless, a man of strict integrity, and in every 
instance punctual to his word. 

He was frequently known to lend his neigh- 
bours money without any security. The fol- 
lowing is an instance of his love of punctuality. 
A cottager, of rather irregular habits, in a case 
of emergency, once went to Mr. Dent for pe- 
cuniary assistance ; — £20 was lent him, and 
a promise given that it should be returned at 
a stated timo^; this promise the rustic fulfilled, 



20 WINTERTON. 

and shortly after being placed in a similar 
situation, he again applied to bis old friend, 
and obtained relief as readily as before, on con- 
dition of retunung what wL lent to Lim at a 
specified time ; the appointed day came, but 
the man fidled in his promise, and several days 
passed before the debt was discharged;— in 
this man's embarrassment a third time, on 
another application, he was refused, with this 
remark, — 

" The cash I lent thee, t other day. 
For weeks thou didst neglect to pay ; 
Who can such conduct e'er commend ? 
Fly hence, man, seek another friend.'* 

Mr. Dent, in his person, was a venerable, hale- 
looking old man ; in the latter part of his life 
he generally walked with a staflF. He was 
noted for occasional sallies of wit, and was a 
great admirer of the beauties of nature ; many 
curious anecdotes have been related of him ; 
more, probably, than have any real foundation. 
His family for years past have belonged to the 
society of friends; and the burial place of his 
forefathers having once wanted repairing — ^he 



WINTERTON, 21 

refused the request as needless, obserying, that 
his sojourn in life would not be long, and hi. 
successors might then entirely wall the building 
up. If such reallj were his thoughts, he must 
afterwards have changed his mind, as he now 
lies interred in the front of the dwelling in 
which he died. The eccentiidly of Mr. Dent 
has been a subject of much conversation ; his 
dopiestic habits were certainly near and con-* 
fined, neyertheless his money in some in-^ 
stances, has no doubt been a source of much 
benefit to people in the immediate neighbour- 
hood ; and we may faithfully add this good 
trait to his character, where he had a mortgs^e 
on an estate, he seldom inconvenienced the per- 
son by hastily calling it in. To trace, however, 
;|ill tlie minute particulars of Mr. Dent's long 
life would form a subject too large for these 
pages ; — therefore in closing the memoir of a 
man so universally known, the conclusion can- 
not be better than in the words of Gray. — 

" No further seek his merits to disclose, 
f Or draw his frailties from their dread abode ; 
There, they alike, in trembling hope repose, 
The bosom of his Father and his God !*' 



22 WINTERTON. 

Joseph Dent, Esquire, now residing at Ap- 
pleby, the proprietor of the estates, has con- 
siderably beautified the cottage in Winterton ; 
the architecture is in the gothic style. — On 
the south side of this edifice, are placed the 
arms of Dent, boldly sculptured, with the 

motto ^|^attmttaet^(V0(t)trfntta/' The 

architect was Mr. Lockwood of Hull ; a hand- 
some plate of the building is adjoined, w^th 
the appropriate tomb, intended to be erected 
over Mr. Dent's remains; — ^he died on the 
26th day of August, 1834, aged 91 years. 

WtiiliAVX m^taV^P may be classed a- 
r.^ the singHlax oha^eto, ofWiBtertoB , 
of the earlier years of his life little can be said, 
but from the age of 30, he was known for 
keepmg a day school in the northern vestiy of 
the church, — he had many scholars, and con- 
tinued his school to a very advanced age. 
Sometime before his death, a gravestone was 
ordered, whereon he cut in the ancient court 
hand, the epitaph of his wife and children. 
From this slab he mostly took his food ; and 
long before his death, placed on two pieces of 
wood, it served him for a table. After the 



J 



WINTERTON. 23 

epitaph of his wife and children, he left a va-* 
cancy for his own name and age to be inserted 
by a Mend, which was done at his death. The 
coffin in which he purposed bemg buried, was 
used by him a considerable time as a cupboard. 
The old man retained perfect possession of his 
senses to the last, and at the age of 95, at- 
tended the Lincoln assizes, and gave away, 
as a curiosity, many circular pieces of paper 
for watches, not larger than half a crown, on 
which he had written the Lord's prayer and 
creed. He was habitually serious. Through 
attending his school in the church, he became 
familiar with that house of death ; in feasting 
from his stone slab, he enjoyed his meals from 
the very source, which was afterwards to re- 
cord the events of his life ; and in his erery day 
cupboard, he now enjoys a peaceftd and quiet 
rest. Mr. Teanby died at the advanced age 
of 97. The tombstone is engraved on both 
sides, with the following poetry. 

FIRST INSCRIPTION. 

To as grim death but sadly harsh appears. 
Yet all the ill we feel, is in our fears ; 



24 WINTERTON. 



ftt shore *\ 

tempests roar ; > 
DUDff is o*er : 3 



To die is but to live, upon that shore 

Where billows never beat, nor 

For ere we feel its probe, the pung 

The wife, by faith insulting death defies ; 

The poor man resteth in yon azure skies ; — 

That home of ease the guilty ne'er can crave. 

Nor think to dwell with God, beyond the grave ; -* 

It eases lovers, sets the captive free : 

And tho* a tyrant he gives liberty ! 

SECOND INSCRIPTIOK. 

Death's silent summons comes unto us all. 
And makes a universal funeral ! — 
Spares not the tender babe because its young, 
Youth too, and men in years, and weak and stnmg ! 
Spares not the' wicked, proud, nor insolent,— - 
Neither the righteous, just, nor innocent; 
All living souls, must pass the dismal doom 
Of mournful death, to join the silent tomb ! 

^( iS^Wet^f which is dedicated to All 
Saints, is a spacious edifice, in the fonn of a 
cross, with a tower at the west end, on the top 
of which are carved many grotesque heads* 
The Uving is a vicarage, rated in the king's 
books at £8, its present value is about £80. 
The architecture of the tower is m the Norman 
style, but the other parts of it are in the early 



^ 



WINTERTON. 25 

English. We have marked the resemblance 
of this church to that of Alkborough, in the 
history of that place ; and we deem it but just 
to assign^ with many others, our meed of praise 
to those who have the care of it, for the extreme 
cleanliness which is manifest in every part. 
Service is performed in it twice d^g the 
Sunday, by the Rev. Thomas Smith, the 
present incumbent. 

The only record we have seen regarding this 
church, save the manuscript in our possession, 
is the parish register, commencing in 1558; 
and this givesi very little insight into those sub- 
jects, which we most wish to exemplify. The 
marriages, christenings, and burials, together 
with the number of vicars, churchwardens, 
&c., of the parish, are all Ihat it records. 
One Gerynge appears in the re^ster of 1563, 
and his family in those times, were, no doubt, 
people of opulence ; a coat of arms in bold 
relief, but of a later date, being suspended 
in the north side of the chancel, with the 

words "^Snsisnia letter 6f«8«ge/' it 

has been stated in a recent history of Lincoln- 
shire, that in the south wall of this church is 

D 



— y 



26 - WINTERTON. 

a small niche, which contains part of a figure 
in brass, that the inscription and arms are 
destroyed. We are altogether at a loss to find 
such an effigy, yet it may probably have 
been removed. John Rudd, na;med in the 
history of this town, is said to have built a 
chancel in All Saints' church, and applied part 
of his property to charitable purposes, for the 
good of his soul. On the centre of a stone, 
yet reipaining^ are two monks at prayer, in 
brass effigy; it formerly contained this in? 
scription, which is now efiaced : — ^^ $¥£1$^ tCWf 

t^t Sottleis jfrf gol^n iEltOitr^ anH §om 
Mi}^tt^, Mttc^^nt St t^t &tsLplt St 
eolaiis^ isf^U^ go^n ttettsutti t^t xx. of 
littmAtKf MDini., on io^o^t bottles 

To the families of Gerynges, Langtons, Scar- 
boroughs, Browns, Nevilles, and Places, some 
pthers might be added, as being people of opu^ 
lence in Winterton in the early part of the six- 
teenth century. The following curious absolu- 
tion granted to one of the Nevilles above-named, 
is taken from an old extract in the possession 
^f W. C. W. Clarke, Esquire, of Brumby. 



WINTERTON. 27 



it 



cc 
u 



To OUT most dearly beloved in Christ, 
George Neville, and Elizabeth his wife; 
"F. John, chief Guardian of the Friars' 
" Minors, at Lincoln^ health, and the attain- 
ment of the kingdom of Heaven, through 
the intercession of the holy orders. So soon 
as I heard of the sincere devotion which you 
bear us for the reverence of Christ, giving 
diligent heed, and lovingly accepting those 
things, quite' conducive to the salvation of 
*^ souls, I was desirous, so far as I am able 
"under God, to confer some spiritual blessing 
'^ upon you in return. To which end, I grant 
'^ unto you a perpetual participation both in 
** life, and after death, of all indulgences, mas- 
^^ ses, prayers, fastings, severities, watchings, 
^* preachings, and all other good works, which 
" our merciful Saviour shall graciously vouch- 
" safe to perform by the brethren, placed under 
** my care by these presents." 

" Adding moreover of special favour, that 
" whensoever the memorial of your death shall 
" be rehearsed in our chapel, the same shall 
" be done for you, in all and in every point that 
" is used to be done for the deceased brethren 

D 2 



28 WINTERTON. 

" and friends of our order, then conimemo- 
" rated. Farewell heartily, under the banner 
" of the Great King, the poor, the crucified 
" SaTiour, and the buckler of his dearest 
^' mother the Virgin. Dated at Lincoln, in 
" the vear of our Lord, 1511." 

Mr. Thomas Place was bom a few years 
preceding the era of the commonwealth^ atid 
the church of Winterton having suffered 
much damage from the bigotrjT and infidelity 
abounding in those troublesome times, he, to 
his own disadvantage, repaired the church of 
Winterton, which had so seriously gone to 
decay that for some time after the restoration of 
peace, there was neither glass for the windows, 
nor covering for the body of the building : the 
congregation suffered much from being thus 
exposed to the weather, until Mr. Place most 
liberally supplied these deficiencies. New 
floors were laid ; the pews were constructed of 
oak ; the walls cleaned ; the town bells recast, 
and the church yard levelled and put into 
order. 

From the time of these improvements by Mi*. 
Place, nothing of any importance is mentioned 



WINTERTON. 29 

respecting the church, till aboul twelve years 
ago, when the masons and workmen, in scra- 
ping the walls for a fresh coat of plaster, dis- 
covered on the north side of the body of the 
building, an ancient piece of wilting ; and on 
the wall opposite to this, was a nun, with her 
hands closed, as if in prayer. On the right of 
the pulpit a small gothic arch was observed. 
In the chancel of the church, at the same time, 
nearly opposite the door, were placed in the 
wall, two effigies which were taken away and, 
put into an adjoining garden, where they now 
remain. 

There are some neat mural tablets placed at 
the west end of the church, to the memory of 
the Rev. John Gilby, with another of that 
family ; likewise near the Font, bearing the 
date of 1663, are stones recording the deaths 
of Messrs. Green, Cox, Westoby, Dunkin, 
Sleight, and other respectable families. In the 
chancel of the church, on marble, is noticed 
the death of Thomas Coopland, Esquire, an 
en[iinent and respected surgeon of Winterton, 
who died on the 13th April, 1826 : near this 
inscription is another over a descendant of the 

d3 



30 WINTERTON. 

witty SackviUe Everinghamy who in the re* 
gister of 1672, rhymes on two churchwardens 
of that period. 

A neat clock, during the last year, has been 
manufactured in Winterton, and placed in the 
steeple of the church by Mr. Robinson and 
Mr. Beacock. It cost upwards of £100, 
half of which was paid by the parishioners, 
the other half was presented by the muni- 
ficence of jgt Mend. 

Among the gravestones in the churchyard, 
we find few worthy of notice; that of William 
Teanby, has already been mentioned, and we 
therefore conclude this part of our history with 
the followmg inscription, copied from a tomb- 
stone, to the memory of the wife of John Popple 
of Burton : — 

^* Adieu blest woman, partner of my life, 
Thou tender mother, and i\iO}x faithful wife; 
From scandal free, most ready to commend. 
Most loath to hurt, most proud to be a friend ; 
Her partner*s comfort, and bis lifers relief. 
Once his chief joy, but now'hb greatest grief; 
Her God hath called her, where he hopes di^'ll have 
A bliss more solid, thau herself once gave! '' 



J 



WINTERTON. 31 



TitWCtt of *|e ^V»i!^ of AU Saints in 


Winterton, from the year 1666, down to tbe 


present time. 


1566 


Robert Dowson. 


1586 


Robert Wilbee. 


1601 


Thomas Grant; 


1602 


Anthony Lacye. 


1605 


Abraham Smith. 


1615 


John Hind. . 


1618 


Thomas Oiumley. 


1623 


Robert Medley. 


1638 to 1653 Troublesome tiniefi — ^register 




destroyed. 


1672 


Lawrence Elleston. 


1697 


Benjamin Lander. 


1701 


Two clergymoi not si^ed in the re- 




gister. 


1716 


Edward Wilsford. 


1724 


Richard Stadely, (this clei^lyman was 




vicar likewise of Alkboroi^h and 




Whitton.) 


1725 


WilUam Kirke. 


1750 


A. Wheatherhead. 


1751 


John G0by. 


1779 


William Harrison. 



32 WINTERTON. 

1827 Thomas Welby Norihmore. 
1829 Thomas Smith, the present incmnbent, 
and master of a school for classics. 
2(ntiQ[tte SttmHiniS. Nothing shews more 
the Antiquity of Winterton, than its three tes- 
selated Roman pavements. Independently 
of these, and not a mile from the town, is 
another at Roxbyj and Horkstow can like- 
wise boast of one of these relics of bye-gone 
years : that at the latter place, is on the grounds 
of Colonel Tuffiiell, a magistrate for the di- 
vision of Lindsey. The following account of 
these relics, is quoted from the notes of " Cam- 
den's Britannia."— 

Chequered Pavements consist of cubical 
stones, commonly about half an inch in 
length, whereof some are natural stones, 
" wrought into that form, and others artificially 
". made, like brick : tliese are of several colours, 
as white, black, blue, green, red, and yellow, 
and are closely pitched together, in a floor of 
fine plaster, so disposed of by the artist, with 
'* respect to colour, as to exhibit figures, to 
" shew beasts, birds, trees, &c/' 
The pavements at Winterton lie west of the 






it 



WINTERTON. 33 

town, upon the grounds tenanted by Mr. John 
Burkill, called the Cliff farm : they axe situated 
on the declivity of a hill, and were first dis- 
covered in 1747. Their distance fi*om the 
river Humber, is three miles, and they are 
about a nule from the remains of the great 
Roman road. 

- We quote the following description from 
Mr. Fowler. — "These pavements are supposed 
" to have been the floors of the chief general's 
" tent, called PrdBt&num^ and of the pavilions 
'^ of some other officers, of high rank in the 
" Roman army ; for the Romans carried with 
"them mechanics and tesserae, with their mili- 
" tary baggage, for that purj)ose ; these pieces 
*^of tes^elated work, have continued long 
*^ without being destroyed, for it is known, the 
" Romans under Julius Csesar, first enteted 
tliis island, fi% years before the Christian 
eray and kept possession of it. about 430 
years. At the declensioh of thie Roman 
empire, ite govermnent fell into the hands 
'^ of the Saxons. Theodmius the last Roman 
'^ emperor and general, that was in Britain^ 
*^left it about the year 376, so that if we 



it 



(€ ' ' • 



34 WINTERTON. 






n 
u 
u 
li 

« 



suppose the above-named pavements to have 
been wrought m the third century, not long 
" before the Roman empire hegan to decline, 
under Theodosius, they must have lasted 
near 1500 years, from that time to their ac- 
ddental diLvery. In the centre of the 
chief general's floor at Winterton, (which 
being thirty feet in length and nineteen 
broad, is supposed to have been a dining 
room) is represented Orpheus, playing on 
his harp, surrounded by different animals, 
and in the four angles or comers, are cups 
^^ or wine vessels. In the middle of the second 
pavement, at tbis place, is represented Ceres, 
holding in her right hand some ears of com. 
" In the third and last that has yet been dis- 
" covered, is a stag, running; all which, 
*^oubtless are strong representations of mirth 
*' and plenty." 

Plates representing these remains were pub- 
lished by the late Mr. Wm. Fowler, and on ac- 
count of their having been so widely circulated^ 
we have omitted them in our little work. To 
save these original productions of former ages 
from the destroying hand of time, the landlords 






^^Fms^^^iBrmmmmssam 



WINTERTON. 36 

of tbe respective estates on whicli they now 
exists would, we think, do well to cover them 
with sheds, in a sunilar way to the one in Lin- 
coln, that generations yet to come may gratify 
their curiosity with relics so scarce, so vene- 
rable, and so redolent of antiquity* 

The labourers of Mr. J. Buildll have fre- 
quently found curious and beautiftil pieces of 
old china, bits of tesseraB, and earthenware, 
upon his farm; and on one occasion a 
brazen eagle, doubtless a Roman standard, 
is said to have been discovered. Future years 
may probably bring to light, many more of 
those hidden curiosities and treasures. 

Some years ago, in digging a vault in the 
church, two clumsy thick brass letters were 
found; one, we have been informed, was a 
" W," the other a " P ;" probably they were 
the initials of some person's name, and had 
been placed on the lid of a coffin. These 
letters were afterwards given to the late Mr. 
Fowler. 

In a fidd beloning to Mr. George Gilding, 
by the side of Water-lane, leading to Roxby, 
was dug up a stupenduous piece of sulphur 



36 WINTERTON. 

stone, . weighing at least five himdred^weight ; 
varibus expelmnents were tried with it, by 
wliich it was broken ; the remnants are now in 
Wintert^n, snrrounded by an iroa-hpop : some 
imagine this stone to have been expelled firom 
the clouds, but no reasonable eonjectmre has 
yet been made as to its formation. 

In Plate the third, No* I. is a coin of liie 
Emperor Vespasian^ having on the reverse 
ride, '^PidePubUca." 

Ko. II. is a curious old fashioned piece of 
iron, with a spring, found in the neighbour- 
hood, but what name to give it, or to what 
use it was applied, we are utterly at a loss. 

No. III. is a beautiful and scarce silver coin, 
in our possession, of the Emperor Antoninus 
Pius ; it was found in a gravel pit, not far ftem 
the old Roman road at Winteringham : on 
one side, are the words ^' Divus Antoninus^** 
on the reverse '^ Divo Pio^^ with a temj^e. 
In Camden's Britannia, one of these coins 
is mentioned as being found m Monmouth- 
shire, which the author supposes was coun- 
terfeited in the time of that emperor, it hav- 
ing a thin coat of silver, over a plate of copper. 







u 



; mal! ^^ 






V" _ 



'^^„„.:^,j^a^ 




'f::^,>mfK'yi}\.' }\ 




WINTERTON. 37 

' The TV. and V. are coins of the Emperor 
Constantinus. * 

The VI. is a Roman spear head, the original 
of which was kindly forwarded to us by Mr. 
W.AfldnsonofBrigg. 

The VII. coin is mucli worn, and the words 
are not legible; the reverse side contains a 
warrior armed cap-a^pie ; the inscription 
round the rim of this coin is '^ Gloria Rama" 
norum.'* 

The VIII. of the same Plate is another of 
the Constantines. 

The IX. and last is an ancient Celt's or 
battle axe's head, found near this place, and is 
now in the possession of Mr. England of Nor- 
manby. 



APPLEBY. 



^ppl^S may probably have the same 
oiigin as a place of ihat name in Westmore- 
land; which was once a Roman station, and is 
supposed to have been called by that people, 
^*Aballaba*\ It is situated on the ancient 
Hermen Street^ lying nearly eight miles 
north*west of Brigg, and about the same dis- 
tance south-west of Barton, 

In the rdgn of Henry the second, this 
manor was given by him to his bit>ther, 
William de Longspee, who afterwards gave 
it to John de Malehesbe. It has been for 
many years in the possession of the family of 
Charles Winn, Esquire, who has an elegant 
seat in the village. Several andent relics 
have been found about Appleby, and anti- 
quaries suppose that the Romans had a prin- 
cipal station here, their road passing di- 
rectly through the village. Abraham de la 
Pryme, an historian of the sixteenth century, 
ponmiunicated the following information to the 



mmimi^^^^^mm 



ft 



APPLEBY. 39 

Royal Society, on the state and composition 
of this Roman highway* — ^* It is cast up on 
^^ both sides with uu^redible labour to a great 
'^ height, yet discontinued in many places, and 
then begun i^;ain ; where it runs over nothing 
but bare mould and plain heath, it there 
^^ consists of nothing but earth thrown up ; ^ut 
** where it runs thro* woods, there it is not only. 
*' raised with earth, but paved with great 
^'stones, set edgeways very close together, 
'^ that the roots of the trees which had been 
" cut down to make the way, might not grow 
thro', and blind the road. This paved Causey 
is very strong, firm, and visible in many 
" places of the street, as well where there are 
now no woods (as there were when 'twas 
made) as where they still are. The breadth 
of the streeJt is seven yards." 
So late as the year 1719, there was a Julian 
Bower near the Old Street, of which no trace 
b now remaining. A curious custom £rom 
time immemorial was continued in this village. 
If any cattle ran astray, they were sei2:ed, 
and on the succeeding Sunday, a man with a 
bell proclaimed the same to the public ; this he 

E 2 



tt 






40 APPLEBY. 

did on three barrows, supposed to be Roman, 
lying opposite to Thomholme: if they were 
not redeemed within twelve months and a 
day, ihey were then disposed of by public 
auction. These barrows are now levelled, and 
the ancient right has never been in force since 
the inclosure. 

From the records of the Tower, Appleby 
appears at one time to have had a market 
weekly, on Thursday; It is now discontinued ; 
but the mark^ cross still remains in the 
village. 

"^t ^WCt^ is a beautiful modem build- 
ing, dedicated to St. Bartholomew; it con- 
sists of a nave^ with aisles, a chancel, and a 
tower. The pulpit and the rails of the com- 
munion-table axe ornamented with richlv 
carved oak, of ancient workmanship. 

A few years since, a dreadful accident hap- 
pened at this church to a gentleman named 
Bennett, steward of the Appleby estate : he and 
the Rev. Mr. Hodge, curate of Appleby, to- 
gether with another friend, had gone to see the 
edifice. After having examined the exterior; 
which is tastefully ornamented with grot^que 






BOX&Y CHURCH. N.t.VIEW. 



1 



APPLEBY. 41 

and curiously carved heads, they proceeded to 
the intericH', and went out upon the tower. Mr. 
Bennett had been an officer in the navy and 
was remarkable for his agility and great 
courage : but in ascending one of the pinnacles, 
the stepping stone of which he had hold gave 
way, when, shocking to relate, he was instantly 
precipitated into the church-yard and killed 
on the spot. The height is supposed to be 
sixty feet. 

The living of this church is a vicarage, 
in the patronage of C. Winn, Esquire, and is 
valued at £150. 

Some years ago many silver ccons were 
found in the rabbit-warrens near this village ; 
they had been buried in one spot among the 
sand, and were laid bare by the rain. It is^ 
much to be regretted that no attention was paid 
to them, and they became the property of in- 
different persons. A supposed " Suggrunda- 
rium,'^ or infant burial place, was likewise 
discovered on the same grounds ; it contained 
an earthen pot, with moulds of a deep colour, 
but not any ashes. If the supposition be cor- 
rect, the place is such a one as the Romans 

E 3 



42 APPLEBY. 

nsedtobmy those childien in, who, at the tune 
of thdr death, had not got thrir teeth. Kennett 
in his '' Ranue Antiqfue Notitue,^' makes these 
remarks : — ^* Thongh burning was the ordinary 
custom of the Romans, yet in some particular 
cases it was positively forbid, and looked on 
as the highest impiety. Juvenal in his 15th 
'* Sat, alludes to this subject : 

* Terra clauditur infans, 
< £t minor igue rogi.' 









The place set apart for the interment of these 
infants, was called ' Stygrtmdarium.^ The 
same superstition was observed with re- 
ference to persons who had been struck dead 
"with lightning; for they were never burnt 
again, but after a great deal of ceremony 
performed by the auspices, and the sacrifice 
of a sheep, they were either put into the 
earth, or allowed to remain where they had 
" fallen." 

Appleby has lately come into notice, fix>m 
the circumstance of its having yearly coursing 
meetings, which continue three days, and are 
exceedingly well attended. The grass-car 



tt 



W«9i 



APPLEBY. 43 

land ot Charles Winn, Esquire, has been 
allowed for this purpose. 

In 1821, Appleby with its hamlets, con- 
tained 85 houses, and 534 inhabitants. 

SatltOtl is a hamlet, in the parish of Ap- 
pleby, and lies to the west of the Roman, 
road; it is siqpposedto have derived its name 
from its flying sands, which have ruined much . 
of the neighbouring p/opeity. There was 
once a Romdn pottery here, situated on the 
declivity of a hill; and the remains of furnaces, 
and numerous pieces of urns and pots, were 
some years ago, discovered. . A large piece 
of brass was attached to the bottom of one 
of the furnaces ; it was in the form of a cross, 
and is conjectiured to have been a grate, used 
to place the pots upon, while baking or drying. 
With the exception of a large quantity of brass 
ploughed up at Santon, in 1832, nothing else 
worthy of notice has been m^t with. 

W^OW^Olmt. In the reign of King Ste- 
phen, a priory of Augustine canons was 
founded here, which at the dissolution, was 
valued at £155 19s. 6d. per annum; it was 
granted in 1538 to Charles, Duke of Suffolk. 



ii 



44 APPLEBY. 

So late as the seventeenth centuiy, the 
greater part of this priory was then standings 
to which an allusion is made by an historian 
of that period. ^^The causeway all along 
continues to be paved about a mile further 
to the entrance of Thomhohne-moor, where 
" there is a place in the street called Bratton* 
" graves ; and a little east by Broughton-wood 
*^ side is a spring that turns moss into stone. 
" Not far oflF are seen the ruins of the stately 
** priory of Thomholme." 

Curious traditionary tales are told respecting 
this monastery. The following short one, 
which we have inserted, will, perhaps, be 
amusing to the reader. It runs thus : — 
Some years ago a venerable old man and 
a woman visited Appleby, and took up their 
" abode in a cottage. At midnight he left his 
companion, in order that he might visit the 
abbey, and muse over its mouldering ruins. 
" He was observed to draw a paper from his 
pocket, and after surveying different parts 
of the building, he proceeded to turn over 
*^ with a spade a quantity of the accumulated 
'' rubbish. Having at length satisfied himself. 



46 






it 






APPLEBY. 45 

"he returned to his companion, and long 
" before day-break they took their departure." 
The condusion the villagers came to on tliis 
rather odd occurrence was, " that the traveller 
^^ must have come for the purpose of finding 
" the bones of a Saxon king who had been 
" slain, and buried at Thomholme, in order to 
" canonize him ; or that he sought for some 
*^ hidden and valuable treasure." 

The following appropriate and interesting 
lines on this monastic niin, are kindly con- 
tributed by Mrs. Richter of Kirton. 

Spirit of musing !— on thy course serene. 

Far from the cares that throng life's weary scene. 

Remote, pursue awhile thy lonely way 

To where old Thomholme's towers in pale decay 

Lift to the moou*s chill beam their walls of grey : 

A shapeless ruin — where the long grass waves ; 

Through broken arches how the wild wind raves ! 

la carved masses lies thy sculpture how. 

Low buried where rank herbage dares to grow ; 

Wild flowers are clinging to thy mossy walls. 

And desolation on thy beauty falls ! 

Listen :— the moaning blast will not declare 

How great thy pomp, — thy cloistered dwellers, where ? 



46 APPLEBY- 

Thy vesper chimes are mute, — thy matin belU 

No more wakes echo from the flow'ry dell : — 

No more forth issuing from thy gate we see 

The stately monk with, cowl and rosary. 

With rigid penance pale, — with vigil lone. 

Seeking for former frailties to atone. 

No more from thee, with staff and scallop shell 

The weary pilgrim winds adown the dell^ 

A palmer bound to some far distant shrine. 

To deck with offerings rare, the spot divine. 

Methinks I see him, winding o'er the moor. 

His beads and paternoster telling o*er. 

To seek our Lad^e^i shrine, with weary feet. 

And prayers, and masses many, there repeat. 

All passed away 1 — ^for a refulgent light 

Broke thro* the mist of error*s deep'ning night. 

And scattered far and wide before its beam. 

The visionary rite,— the monkish dream. 

Restored, pure as at first, that guiding ray 

That cheers the christian on his narrow way : 

And now, directly pointing to the sky, . 

The village tower uplifts its head on high ; 

A gladdening call is every sabbath mom. 

On the soft wandering summer breezes borne : 

A call to worship pure :-— long may its sound. 

From village tower and minster tall rebound : 

Long may we cherish, what the martyr gave. 

The chast'ned faith, that points beyond the grave ! 

Still Thornholme, as the mellowing moon-beams shine, 

What melancholy beauty still is thine ! 



•V^tMi 



APPLEBY. 47 

A chann tkat lives in every mos«y stone. 
In fragments rude with verdure dark o>rg|own. 
In many a legend old, that tells of thee. 
Tales of the village— wrapp'd in mystery ! 
Alone—apart— the birds of night are seen, 
To seek a shdter where thy pride has been ; 
And thy sad genius hovering in the shade. 
Reclines upon each rain time has iMde* 
O'er-mastering lime ! that on his ceaseless way 
Levels the pomp of earth in slow decay. 
Soon will no lingering trace be left of thee, 
Thy ivied walls ^thy ancient witchery ! 
While yon sweet moon that shone upon thy state 
And now illumes thy towers all desolate. 
With lustre all her own, will deck the scene. 
And shew where Thoraholme Priory has been ! 

These remains lie eastward of the Roman 
road, nearly opposite to Santon, and the 
manor or hamlet, has long been held by the 
worthy proprietor of the estate at Appleby. 

During the enlargement of a stream caQed 
Catch-water drain, it was found necessary to 
cut through part of the piioiy lands. A Ro- 
man wall five feet thick, and six or seven feet 
long, was discoyered, with a quantity of Ro- 
man tiles: it was expected that other valuable 



48 APPLEBY. 

antique relics would be brought to lights but 
with the exception of a few English coins^ 
and two or three stone coffins, nothing of con- 
sequence was produced. These coffins had 
grooves formed in them for the head and feet, 
and one of them is now used in Appleby as a 
trough for water; the others remain on the 
grounds occupied by Mr. Wharton of Thorn- 
holme. 



ROXBY CUM RISBY. 



3^0Xil|| is ^tuated about a mile to the 
westward of the Roman road; nearly the same 
distance from Wintertonj and nine miles 
from Barton. There can be little doubt of its 
possessing an equal claim to antiquity with 
other villages in this division, though its place 
in history has not hitherto been conspicuous. 

iXi&fi^ is a hamlet annexed to Roxby for 
the purpose of forming a parish. Wilhin its 
boundaries, and near the residence of Henry 
Healey, Esquire, are the extensive remains of 
an old building. A church, dedicatetl to St. 
Bartholomew, is said to have been erected 
here long before the one at Roxby, the emolu- 
ments of which were enjoyed by the prior and 
monks of Thomholme up to the reign of Henry 
the eighth. It is likewise stated,, on the 
authority of an old writer, in confirmation of 
this, that in ancient deeds these villages were 

F 



50 ROXBY CUM RISBY. 

joined together, that which now occupies the 
second place, then standing first, or as Bishy 
cum B4)xhy. 

Risby is much noted for its extensive war- 
rens; the skins of the rabbits (being of a 
beautiM iron grey, or silver hair) are esteemed 
very valuable. The greatest care is taken of 
them during the winter seasoi^ when they 
feed on com, greens, and other vegetables: 
they are sold in the neighbouring villages. 

The manor of Risby, with several other 
estates, was given by Edward the sixth to Sir 
William Herbert, one of his privy council, 
and an executor of Henry the eighth. 

The common rumour respecting subterra- 
nean passages exists here, for one is said to 
pass near the farm of Mr. Holgate, of Low 
Risby, and to communicate with the priory at 
Thomholme ! But we do not undertake, to 
vouch for the £sbct 

The land here and at Roxby is in a high 
state of cultivation ; part of it belongs to R. 
C. Elwes, Esquire, and the remainder to 
Charles Winn, Esquire. 

According to the returns made in 1821, 



ROXBY CUM RISBT. 51 

Roxby contained 60 houses, and 250 inhabi- 
tants : Risby at the same tame, had 21 houses, 
and 107 inhabitants. The annual value of 
property assessed at these places in 1815, was 
£5,106. 

IB^t iS^Ut^ at Roxby is dedicated to 
Saint Mary; it is a vicarage, originally valued 
at £6 3s. 4d.; the value returned to the 
Parliamentary Commissioners in 1834 was 
£389. R. C. Elwes, Esquire, is the present 
patron. The architecture of this building is of 
the fourteenth century, and consists of a nave, 
with aisles, a chancel, and a tower. In sum- 
mer, this building has a very pretty appearance 
from the Winterton road ; — ^the yellow-washed 
walls, and the low thick tower, with trees in 
the distance, form an agreeable rural ap- 
pearance. The south transept of the church, 
contains an ancient effigy, which appears^ by 
the surplice and hood, to have been erected over 
the rejnains of some religious person. In order 
to modernize and improve the former position 
of this figure, some person of indifferent 
taste, has taken it from its recumbent posi- 
tion, and placed it standing! A sculptured 

F 2 



52 ROXBY CUM RI6BT. 

niche is seen over this tomb, but there is no 
inscription. There are two vacant nidies 
likewise in the chancel, to the right of the 
communion-table, large enough to contain 
figures of five feet in height, but for what 
particular individuab they were intended, it is 
now impossible to ascertain. Memorials in thef 
church contain a passing notice of Christopher 
Goulton, Gentler^an, Elizabeth his wife, and 
Elizabeth their daughter, whose imited. agea 
amount to 253 years ; the first died at the. age 
of 72, — ^the second at 94, — and the last iu her 
87th year. 

On a neat mural tablet erected to the 
memory of Edward Holgate, Esquire, of 
Risby, who died in 1785, are the following 
lines : — 

'' He was the most tender of husbands : 
The most afTectionate of fathers ; 
And the most sincere of friends !'* 

There is also a tablet to the memory of 
Robert Holgate, Esquire, of Low Risby, 
and other branches of that family; and on 
the different stones in the church floor are 



ROXBY CUM RISBY. 53 

inscriptions belonging to the families of Drtuy, 
Richardson, and others. 

A few years ago, a churchwarden of this 
parish ordered many head-stones to he laid 
flat in the church-yard, and the walls of a 
tomb-stone to be taken away. The conse- 
quence of this most injudicious alteration has 
been, that the reading is effaced from many 
by the feet of children, the cemetery in a 
country town being often converted into a 
play-ground. 

On the tomb-stone of a poor woman named 
Lison, who was starved to death in a snow- 
blast, are the following uncouth lines : — 

** Remember my judgment ! 
For thine also shall be ; 
Yesterday for me. 
And to-day for thee'!" 

Adjoining this stone, is another which re- 
cords the death of Ann Lison, daughter of the 
above person, to whose memory her lover 
erected a head-stone, with these lines : — 

** The peace of Heav*n attend thy grave, 
My early friend and my flair maid ; 

F 3 



54 ROXBY CUM RISBY. 

When life was young, companions gay. 
We haiPd the morning of each day ; 
Ah ! with what joy did I behold. 
The bud of beauty fair unfold ; 
I fear*d no storm to blast thy bloom. 
Or bring thee to an early tomb ; 
Alas ! the cheek where beauty glow'd. 
The heart where goodness overflowed. 
From all thy kindred early torn. 
And to the grave as soon was borne : — 
Vanished for ever from my view. 
Thou sister of my soul adieu !*' 

Thomas Goulton^ once a parish-elerk of 
this yillage, was killed in 1801 , by running 
against a post in the parish of Winterton. A 
bard of that day has composed his epitaph, 
from which the annexed is extracted : — 

^* L^ this stone teach thee, not to 
Keckon on years to come ; —he whose 
Death it records, was by an 
Afflicting providence, suddenly cut 
Off in the midst of hb days ! Be ye 
Therefore ready, for in such an hour 
As ye think not^ the Son of Man cometh." 

The following sample of doggrel is copied 



BOXBY (SUM BISBY. 55 

from twa separate yeirses of a disseiiterVhjHm; 
cut on a head stone :-^ 

** No room for mirth, or trifliirg here. 
For wordly hope or wordly fear. 

If life so soon was gone ; 
Ah ! WRIGHT the pardon on my heart. 
And wheresoever I hence depart. 
Let me depart in peace !'' 

Two old effigies lie together in this hurial 
ground, hut it is not known for wh^n tibey 
were intended. 

^tftiqm iXmSiinn. Ahout the year 
1 709, a tessellated pavement was diseovered 
by a person named Thomas Smilh, who wad 
digging to repair a hedge. It is six or seven 
yards broad, of proportionate lengtb, and lies 
in a small field on the south-west of the 
church, now occupied by Mr. Robinson. It 
is composed of red, blue, and white tesserse, 
which are disposed in circles, quadrangles, 
and other figures ; in some of these circles are 
urns, in others flowers and interchangeable 
knots; on the outside are several rows of tes- 
serae, twice as long as the rest. Over the 



56 ROXBT CUM RISBY. 

pavement was found a bone of the hinder leg 
of an ox or cow, broken in two, and many 
pieces of plaster painted red and yellow, which 
seemed to have been a cornice ; most probably 
at the foot of an altar. When this curiosity 
was discovered, there were several large stones 
which were broken and lodged in the pave- 
ment. This relic has never been entirely un- 
covered; its situation is on an eminence, 
which, prior to the erection of the church, 
commanded an extensive prospect The pre- 
sent tenant of the properly always kindly un- 
covers the pavement for the inspection of 
strangers. Some old coins and other relics 
have occasionally been found in the adjoining 
fields. 

The parish of Roxby has a thermal well, or 
spring, which is situated in the grounds of 
Mr. Stephenson, and its temperature is not 
affected by the change of the seasons. There 
is likewise a curiously consti-ucted litde well 
in the village, but, as far as we can ascertain, 
the water has no particular quality that merits 
attention. 



FLIXBOROUGH. 



;ff%iXtM^t0tm^ is situated upon a chain of 
Cliffs^ which assumes a peculiarly bold aspect, 
and conunands an extensive view over a fertile 
country through which the river Trent winds 
in an irregular course. It is distant about 
eleven miles north-west from Bri^, and con- 
tains 250 inhabitants. 

W^t ^UVt^f dedicated to All Saints, is a 
rectory connected with Burton. Sir Robert 
Sheffield, Baronet, has the patronage of it, 
and the present officiating minister is the Rev. 
Mr. Lloyd, who resides in the village. 

Flixborough was the birth-place of Sir Ed- 
mund Anderson, Chief Justice of the Common 
Pleas, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Mr. 
Anderson, one of the resident inhabitants^ 
has a view of the old hall which formerly 
stood here. Sir Edmund Anderson died in 
1605, and was buried in the church of the 



58 FLIXBOROUGH. 

neighbouring village of Brougliton. His des- 
cendanty Edmund Anderson, Esquire, of that 
place, was created a baronet on the 12ih of 
December^ 1660. The tithe is now vested in 
the Rev. Sir Charles John Anderson, of Lea, 
near Gainsbro'. 

The annual value of properly assessed at 
Flixb(m)ugh in 1815, amounted to £l,32d. 



BURTON-UPON-STATHER. 



iSttVtOn^tt^n^Stat|nf is situated at the 
edge of a bold commanding Cliff, near the 
foot* of which flows the Trent. 

This place has no doubt received ite desig- 
nation from the staith or mud, which gathers 
here during the rising of ae tide. 

Burton was formerly considered as the me- 
tropolis of the Trent ; and in the eighth year 
of the reign of Edward the second, the Earl 
of Lancaster obtained a charter for it to hold 
a market weekly, and two fairs annually; 
one to begin on Hallow-eye, or the first 
Monday in May, to last for fourteen days; 
the other on the eve of the Holy Trinity, 
and to last four days afterwards. This market 
is now obsolete, but a fair is still held on 
the fifth of April. Burton {(maerlj enjoyed 
a considerable trade, for which it was well 
adapted by its situaidon; vessels of large 






60 BURTON-UPON-STATHER. 

burthen were then unable to proceed any 
great distance up the river without danger; 
but its prosperity has long been on the decline 
owing to the increasing trade and conuneroe 
ofGainsbro'- 

In 1 770, the banks of the river Trent gave 
way a little below Gainsbro", and ija a few days 
all the low grounds ^jacent to Hurton were 
inundated ; to prevent the recurrence of this 
calamity, the shores on each side of the river 
have been secured by a great number of 
jetties. 

In 1777, it suffered greatly fiom an ^q)lo- 
sion of gunpowder. A vessel laden with this 
dangerous article took fire and blew up wiHi 
a tremendoufi noise that was heard for many 
miles; houses were unroofed ; and the damage 
tliei church and other buildings sustained, vma 
calculated at £3,000! No lives, however, 
were lost on the occasion, the sailors belonging 
to the ship having previously escaped. 

I^VnUm^S ?l^^ ^ ^^P^ distance firom 
Bartop, is Ihe^ seat of Sir Robert Sheffield, 
Baronet, who bow poss^ssea the most cmi- 
siderable part of th^ anci^it patrimony of his 



J 



1 '#^%" 



•-- :- ■rrr:; v^-^:^-.w. ..■-'^■■'-— u 



Halton CKuacK.s.F,.v:v.t't 



BURTON-UPON-STATHER. 61 

illustrious house. The park is well stocked 
with deer, and abound^* with game; aiid al- 
though the once elegant mansion is worn gtej 
with years, yet the hospitality existing in times 
of old, is still maintained by its respected pro- 
prietor. There are some ancient and valuable 
paintings in the hall, together with many old 
family portraits. 

Nonnanby, Thealby, and part of Coleby, 
are mcluded in the parish of Burton; they 
contained, in 1821, — 127 houses, and 762 in- 
habitants ; the present annual value of property 
here is about £6,000. 

H^t ^UVt^, dedicated to Saint Andrew, 
is a living valued with flixboroi^h at £752, 
and is in the patronage of Sir Robert Shef- 
field, Baronet It is a handsome edifice, con- 
sisting of a tower, a nave, with aisles, and a 
chancel. The arches by which the aisles are 
separated fi:om the nave, are ornamented with 
different moulding ; they have ^ apparently, at 
some time or other, been painted. In the: 
eastern window of the church, is a painting by 
Pearson, of our Saviomr, holding an orb in 
his right hand, and a sceptre in his left, with 

G 



62 BURTON-UPON-STATHER. 

the date " 1 782." In a niche on the sonth 
side of the chancel is a tomh, with the e£Bgy 
of a warrior from the crusades. He weara 
chain armour^ and lies with his legs across : 
we have every reason to think the interment 
of the person, whom this represents, must 
have been about the same time as that of ^' Mar- 
mion" in the church of Winteringham ; the 
one bearing a strong rejsemblance to the other. 
Late historians speak rather doubtfully of 
the above sculpture, and say "if is tradition-- 
" ally reported to be one of the Sheffields j** 
the quarterings however, in the soldier^s shield, 
leave no room for doubt. 

« 

On the south wall of the chancel is a mural 
tablet, recording the remains of five Sheffields, 
mentioned in Leland's Itinerary, as being 
rescued from oblivion, on the printing of that 
book. The bones wexe gathered together, in- 
closed in a coffin, and removed to this place, 
by John, Earl of Mulgrave ; who was created 
Marquis of Normanby, by King William and 
Queen Mary j and by Queen Anne, Duke of 
Buckingham. The bodies of Edward and 
Elizabeth, Earl and Countess of Mulgrave, 



BURTON-UPON-STATHER. 63 

are also interred here. On the north side of 
the chancel, is a handsome marhle monument, 
surmounted by a female figure, representing 
Grief y leaning on an urn ; beneath which is 
an inscription to the memory of Sir Charles 
Sheffield, Baronet, who died in 1774, aged 
72 ; and of Margaretta Diana his wife, who 
died in 1 762^ aged 44. 

A beautiful monument has been placed 
here by Sir John Sheffield, to the memory of 
Sir Charles and Lady Sheffield, his most 
worthy parents. This highly wrought speci- 
men of modem sculpture is supposed to hare 
cost £900. 

Under the communiontable of this church, 
is interred the body of Mr. John Downes, late 
proprietor and owner of Coleby, in this parish. 

The following distich is placed in the church- 
yard, over James Scott, once a sculptor of this 
town. 

** Praises oa tombs are Toinly spent — 
A good name is a monument V 

Three chil^en of John and Elizabeth Stami- 
weQ, of Burton Stather, have the following 

G 2 



,r> 



64 BURTON-UPON-STATHER. 

epitaph, which is ci veiy common one in the 
church-yards in this neighhonrhood : — 

** Happy infante early blest. 
Rest, in peaceful slumbers rest ; 
Lately rescued from the cares. 
Which increase with growing years ; 
No delighte are worth your stay, 
Smiling as they s^m,'and gity ; 
Short and Mckly are they all. 
Scarcely tasted ere they fall !" 

Mary, the wife of Rohert Taylor, was inter- 
red here at the age of 99. Mary Saunderson 
is likewise buried near the church-porch, who 
died at the age of 104. 

Over a perscm named Robei^te are the fol- 
lowing singular lines :— 



«( 



Our life is but a winter's day — 
Some only breakfast, and away ; 
Others to dinner stay, and are full fed. 
The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed : 
Large is his debt who lingers out the day ; 
Who goes the firsts has the least sum to pay«" 



Tkaxn Cf f^t ^nt^ of Saint Andrew, 



>t^ 



BURTbN-UPON-STATHER. 65 

in Burton-upon-Stather, from the year 1 768, 

down to the present time. 

1678 Anthony Garley. 

1680 Thomas Croft 

1694 Henry Hargrave. 

1723 Edward Wilsford. 

1728 James Garden. 

1 774 Justice Finley. 

1785 Sir R, Sheffield, Baronet. 

1815 Jonathan Harrison. 

1822 Cbades Sheffield. 



o 3 



WEST HALTON. 



WCt^t il^aUon is a small village distant 
about ten miles west of Barton : it lies on the 
right of the road leading to Whitton. Samn^l 
Slater, Esquire, is the present proprietor of 
the greater part of the lordship. 

In 1821, Halton, including the hamlets of 
Gunhouse, Conesby, Nep-house, and Coleby, 
contained 70 houses, and 374 inhabitants. 

Previously to the reign of Henry the eighth, 
the parish of Halton, or Haughton, claimed 
the privilege of grazing cattle upon tlie open 
lands in Winterton for so many hours during 
the day. At this period however, the pa- 
rishioners accepted a field called the '^ Hall- 
ings," belonging to the former lordship, in 
lieu of this ancient right. 

The annual value of real property assessed 
in 1816 at West Halton was £3,216. 



WEST HALTON. 67 

IS^e ^WCt^ ia a ewious little old builid^iig^ 
dedicated to Saint JQliheldreda} it has ^ 
tower, and three bells, and is a rectory, ex- 
ceeding in profit any other in this division, 
being valued at £886 : the Bishop of Norwich 
is the patron. 

In viewing this structure a stranger would 
imagine that at the time of its erection, there 
had either been a scarcity of materials or of 
workmen, so completely is it a church in 
miniq^ture. Its situation is on a rising ground, 
between the ^' Manor" and Parsonage-houses. 

The officiating minister is the Rev. James 
A. Wood: the living has recently become 
vacant by the death of the Rev. William 
Chaplin, many years the incumbent; and 
the Rev. Mr. Drake, lately presented to the 
living, intends to reside at the Rectory. 

The burial ground contains nothing re- 
markable, except the imcouth rhymes given 
below ; the author and sculptor of which was 
a schoolmaster in the village; he raised the 
stone to the memory of his wife, a girl fifteen 
years old, with " whome^ he informs you he 
resided twenty-six weeh^ / The latter part of 



68 WEST HALTON. 

the epitaph being defiotced, there is some doul 
as to its being correctly copied : — 

•* Mary Snowden. wife of 

Thomas Snowden, of West Ualton, 

departed this fife December 27th, 1774, 

aged 16 years/' 

''Hei« lies a Lass, cut-of in early BIoodi, 
No rank, no age, escapes the Hungry tomb ; 
Here lies a woman, whome the world may well 

commend^ 
View'd as a mother, wife, or tender friend ; 
The moumfnl husband, for indulgence shewn. 
Owes to her memory, this grateful stone." 

On the reverse — 



(< 



I thought in the Arch-Angels' ground, 

Near my Sweet Saviour Dear, 

My true love Tommy to have found. 

As *twas he that brought me here. 

Who did and wrought what spouse could do. 

To guard me from distress. 

And often told what well he knew, 

My way to happiness* 

In Lover's use, a sweeter twain. 

Ne'er graced the nuptial Bed, 

And dearly too, I loved my swain. 

The six months we were Wed. 



WEST HALTON. 69 

May he, whome Virtue e*er could chann. 
Have both long life, and sfweet, 
And when he dies, — then arm in arm, 
. May we our Saviour meet.*' 

^ntiqnt ^tmaim. The tumulus at 

Hie^ton has long fonned a subject of curiosity : 
some suppose it to have been the burial place 
of a Saxon warrior^ others to have been that 
of a Roman; and a third hypoliiesis attributes 
it to the foundation of a mill ; old ^ters un- 
hesitatingly declare it to be a Roman barrow. 
It is situated on the rising of a hill going 
to Alkbro' and Whitton ; and lies on the north 
side of the church, surrounded by a stone 
wall. A little distance from the hill is a small 
wood of handsome trees, where it is reported 
a farm house once stood, but no remains of it 
are now perceptible. 

' Tlie circumstance of its being a place of 
Saxon interment is not at all probable; for 
history does not record any battle or skirmish 
to have taken place near the village* 

Camden, in speaking of a barrow much 
resembling this, at a small village in Wiltshire^ 
makes the following observation :*^*^ The hill 



FJ 



It 



70 WEST HALTON. 

^^ rises to a considerable height, and seems by 
" the fashion of it, and by the sliding down of 
" the earth about it, to be cast up by men's 
^^ hands; of this sort are many to be seen in 
''the country round and capped, which are 
''called barrows or bmTows: in some in- 
" stances they have been the burial place of 
" soldiers there slain. It was the custom in 
former times^ that every soldier escaping alive 
out of battle, was to bring his helmet fiill of 
'' earth, toward the raising of monuments for 
*' their slain fellows." 

The road leading to Alkbro' and Whitton 
passes directly by the field where this lull is 
situated ; and if the former conjectures are er- 
roneous, it may not be ill timed to suppose it 
a landmark, — or a place raised for the purpose 
of observing ships of war add other ressels 
entering the Humber ! Several gentlemen of 
the village have talked of ploughing directfy 
through this place of many wonders, m order 
to satisfy the eye of pubUc curiosity. 

A diort time a^, some men in digging for 
gravel in a place called the Nor&4>eck^prl^ in 
the parish of Halton, turned up an eardwn 



4 

1 



WEST H ALTON. 71 

vessel containingbones ; neaxthat spot weie also 
found some Roman coins ; indeed it is no un^ 
common occnirence to find coins in this neigh- 
bourhood. On a part of the farm occupied 
by Mr. Sutton, was also discovered a perfect 
human skeleton; it had, apparently, been 
fbrust into the ground in a bent position, but 
noflung satisfe^tory as to the ifltennent has 
ever come to light. 

iBtlHtb^ is a hamlet lying on the road to 
Burton, about a mile south firom Halton, to 
which it is partly united as a parish ; it is a 
small place, but the scenery from the cli& 
near the Trent, is not inferior to that of 
Burton or Whitton. The following description 
of the landscape is taken from ** 7%e Terra 
Incoffnita^' of Miss Hatfield, published some 
years ago. 

A light verdant screen," she says " divides 

it from Burton; Coleby-CKff is separated 
*' froni the village by a luxuriant wood, which 
" towers over its summit. This grand tJliff 
<< is distinguished fix>m the rest of these moun- 
*' tainous heights, by a bold oval projection, 
^^ on which account the appellation of Table- 












72 WEST H ALTON. 

*^ Mountain would be more appropriate to it 
" The extent of the surface affords a delighiM 
*^ and safe walk to the careless rambler. A 
^^fiill foliaged and at this moment flowery 
hec^e^ planted in a circular figure, corresr 
ponding with that of the fix>nt of the Cliff, 
separates it from the wood^ and appears as a 
** diadem on its brow ; in the centre of which 
the advanced trees hang gracefully drooping 
like a plumed crest, and serve to adorn the 
*^ monarch of the hiUs^*' 

The old hall at Coleby, which once be- 
longed to the ancient family of Downes, still 
remains, ^dit is stated that a workman some- 
time since, while repairing a ceiling of this 
building, discovered a human skeleton ; and on 
further alterations being made, in one of the 
chimnies was found a considerable sum of 
money ! Tradition likewise states, that in a 
field now occupied by Mr. John Green, there 
is a quantity of ale buried : the followii^ 
reason is assigned for it 

The late Mr. Downes, on the birth of his 
son, deposited the ale with the intention that 
when his ^on ar^ved at the age of twenty-'one 



WEST HALTON. 73 

the whole should be ^ven away ; both dying 
however before that period, prevented the msh 
from being accomplished, and to this day it is 
supposed to remain closed up in an unknown 
spot, to the great grief of the true lovers of Sir 
John Barleycorn. About fifteen years ago, a 
youth harrowing in a field occupied* by Mn 
Isaac Green, struck one of the harrow-teeth 
into the circle of an ancient ring of fine gold, 
on the inside of which, are engraved these 
words : — 

** United hearts. 
Death only parts/* 

The letters are in a high state of preser- 
Tation ; and the ring, a valuable one, is still 
possessed by the £muly of Mr. Green, of 
Halton. 

The estate at Coleby partly belongs to Sir 
Robert Sheffield, Baronet, and the remainder 
to Thomas Oldman, Esquire, of Gainsbro\ 



ALKBOROUGH. 



^OtflOVOttgi^^ or as Camden spells it '' Auk- 
barrow,^^ is a Tery ancient village, situated 
on the Humber, about eleven miles west from 
Barton, and about three from WinteringlMmi. 
The greater p^rt of tlie lordship belongs to 
Marmaduke Constable, Esquire, of Walcot- 
Hall ; his residence, a neat modem mansion, 
lies about a mile south from Alkborough. 

The following description of Alkborough is 
taken frt)m Dr. Stukelj. 

^'From the terminatioii of the Hermen 
'* Street just by the knoll of old Winteiing- 
^' ham, and the hed^e on the side of a com- 
mon, a lesser vicinal branch of a Roman 
road, goes directly west to Alkborough, pas- 
sing over Whitton -Brook. All the ground 
^^ hereabouts terminates at the Humber in 
^^ longitudinal ridges : going north and souths 
^^ and all steep like a cliff to the west, plain 
" and level eastward. Alkborough I visited. 









ALKBOROUGH, 75 

'' because I suspected it to be the aqms of the 
" Ramans^ in Ravemias, and I was not de- 
^^ ceived, for I presently descry'd the Roman 
** castrum. There are two little tumuli upon 
" the end of the road entering the town. The 
^^ Roman castle is a square, 300 feet each side ; 
*^the entrance north; Uie west side is opposite 
" to the steep cliflF, hanging over the Trent, 
" which here fells into the Humber : for this 
castle is very conveniently placed in tlie 
north'west angle of Lincolnshire as a watch- 
tower over all Nottinghamshire and York- 
" shire, which it surveys; hence you see the 
*^ Ouse coming from York, and downward the 
" Humber mouth, and all over the Isle of Ax- 
^^ holme; much salt marsh is gamed irovfk all 
^^ these rivers ; this now and then they reclaim 
"and alter their com-se; then they discover 
" the subterraneous trees, lodged here at the 
deluge in great abundance, along the banks 
of all the three rivers ; the wood is hard, and 
** black, and sinks like a stone. Here's like- 
" wise other plentiful reliques of the deluge in 
" the stones, videlicet, sea shells of all sorts, 
^' where a virtuoso might furnish his cabinet; 

h2 






76 ALKB0R0U6H* 

'' sometimes a stone is iiill of one sort of shells, 
"sometimes of another; sometimeB of little 
"globules like the spawn of fish; I viewed 
" them with great pleasure. I am told the 
" Camp is now called Countess' Close, and 
" they say a Countess of Warwick liv'd there ; 
" perhaps own'd the estate ; but there are no 
" marks of building, nor I beKeve ever were ; 
" the vallum and ditch are very perfect." 

Too much cannot be said of Alkborough ; and 
whatever traveller may visit it, he must feel 
himself rewarded, in contemplating its pros- 
pects. There, indeed, is somelhing for every 
one ! If he be a lover of the antique, here the 
Romans dwelt in days of yore ; — ^if he delight 
in the beauties of nature, — here is scenery on 
which his eye may rest with rapture ; in a word, 
no lines were ever more appropriate to such a 
place, than those composed by Lord Byron : — 

*' For mighty nature bounds as from her birth. 
The sun is in the heavens, and life on earth ; 
Flowers in the valley, splendour in the beam, 

' Health on the gale, and freshness in the stream. 
Immortal man ! behold her glories shine. 
And cry, exulting inly, « these are thine I * " 



ALKBOROUGH. 77 

^e gjfttlian i&ai»et. Thi» piece of an- 
tiquity, situated near tfae Roman castrum, is 
the property of Mrs. Easton, of Alkborough ; 
and is commonly known by the name of 
" The Gi*een*" The reader will find a correct 
sketch of it in the plate. The preservation in 
which this maze has been kept for so many 
centuries, is truly surprising. From the lofti- 
ness of its situation on the immediate verge of 
the county, little doubt can be entertained, 
that it was once a place of fortification, as 
well as of amusement. These mazes or labv- 
rinths, have principally been found in places 
of celebrity, originally occupied by the Ro- 
man people, and they have commonly been 
classed with tlie Campus Martins of ancient 
Rome. ^^The one there so famous on many 
'^ accounts, was a large plain field lying near 
^^ the Tiber ; it was in a pleasant situation : 
^'besides its natural ornaments, sports and 
exercises were there performed ; it was the 
principal seat of pleasure for the whole city 
" of Rome ; all manners of feats of activity 

* 

" were practised, the use of arms, &c." 
Such a place as this may probably have 

H 3 



it 



78 ALKBOEOUGH. 

served to amuse the iiihal>itants of the adjoin- 
iag villages of Winterton, Roxby, &c. ; aad 
it may not have been erected solely for Ihe 
pastime of such legions as were then quartered 
in Alkborough only, but for the diversion of 
all. Kemiett gives the following description 
of a maze, taken from Virgil's works :— ^ 

" Files facing files* their bold companions dare. 
And wheel, and charge, and urge, the sportive war ! 
Now flight they feign, and naked backs expose. 
Now with turned spears drive headlong on the fo^. 
And now confederate grown, in peaceful ranks they 

close : 
As Crete's fam'd labyrinth, to a thousand ways. 
And thousand darken'd walls, the guest conveys ; 
Endless, inextricable rounds amuse, 
And no kind track, the doubtful passage shows ; 
So the glad Trojan youth, the winding course. 
Sporting pursue, and charge the rival force ; 
As sprightly dolphins, in some calmer road. 
Play round the silent wave, and shoot along the flood ; 
Ascanius, when (the rougher storms overblown ;) 
IVith happier fates, he raised fair Albas Town ; 
From Alban sires th' hereditary game. 
To matchless Rome, by long succession came : 
And the fair youth in this diversion trained, 
Troy they still call, and the brave Trojan band.'' 



M 



AZ-XBOROUGH C 



'ALKBOROUeH. 79 



ii ~ 






The Troy game was generally celebrated 
by companies of boys, neatly dressed, and 
furnished with little arms and weapons, 
'^who mustered in the public circus. They 
were taken for the most part out of the 
noblest families; and the captain of them 
" had the honourable title o( princeps juventis ; 
"being sometimes next heir to the empire, 
" and seldom less than the son of a principal 
" senator." 

As the last Roman emperor left Britain in 
the year 376, this curiosity may at least be 
calculated as having existed during fifteen 
hundred years. 

€!^f (^UX^ at Alkborough, is dedicated 
to Saint John the Baptist ; it is a vicarage, 
and is alternately presented by the Bishop of 
Lincoln^ and Marmaduke Constable, Esquire : 
the value of the living, with that of Whitton, 
as returned to the Parliamentary Commis- 
sioners, in 1834, was £209. 

The building appears old, and has probably 
been founded abdut the same period as the one 
at Winterton ; the windows of the tower, and 
other parts of the edifice being of a similar sort 



80 ALKBOBOUGH. 

of aax^hitecture« This church Wd£ originallj 
douhtless an elegaat building, having had a 
lo% spire ; but that has long been prostrate. 
Upon a tombstone^ over a person named Meg- 
ginson, in the church-yard, may still be seen 
a sculpture of the building as it originally 
stood. 

The inside of this church is extremely neat : 
a marble font is placed at the west end, and 
in the centre of the middle aisle is a conve- 
nient stove. A tablet is erected to the me- 
mory of Thomas Goulton, Esquire, and other 
members of that family. 

The belfiy contains three bells ; the centre 
one appears the oldest, having probably been 
placed there soon after the erection of the 
church ; the inscription wund its rim is much 
defaced. 

The present officiating minister, is the Rev. 
John Wilson, of Whitton. 

A few years ago, the principal bones of a 
human skeleton were dug up in this lordship ; 
various rumours were afloat respecting them, 
and they were supposed to be the remains of 
a young woman, who had some years before. 



ALKB0R0U6H. • 81 

left her home, and never returned. Previously 
to her departure from Alkborough, attention 
had been paid to her by a man of indifferent 
character, which led the inhabitants to con- 
clude she had been murdered by him, and 
buried in the place just alluded to. The man 
on whom this foul charge was cast, met with 
a watery grave in the Humber ! 

In Alkborough iliere are between 80 and 
90 houses; and the population, in 1821, was 
428. The annual value of property assessed 
herein 181 5, was £3,740. 



WHITTON. 



ZS9:1^ittotlt on the Huinber, situated about 
eleven mUes west from Barton, is an iiregu- 
larly built village, containing 39 houses, and 
212 inhabitants. 

The greater part of Whitton is held by the 
proprietor of the estates at Walcot and at 
Alkborough. 

The parish of Whitton is parcel of the 
duchy of Lancaster, but has nothing very 
extraordinary in it to need a lengthened 
description. 

The Parsonage-house, stands on the bank 
of the Humber, and affords many a pleadng 
sight, of objects " on the wide waste of waters." 
Steam packets and other vessels, have fre- 
quently to sail within a short distance of the 
shore, though not without some peril ; for the 
shifting quick sands here are so dangerous 
and uncertain, that many fine and valuably- 
fi*eighted ships have been irrecoverably lost 



WHITTON. 83 

The annual value of real property assessed 
at Whitton in 1815, was £1328. 

€!^f i^tXtt^ of Whitton, dedicated to 
Saint John, is a yicarage, in the patronage of 
the crown, rated in the king's hooks at £6 10s., 
the value with that at Alkhorough, as already 
stated, now produces £209* The Rev. John 
Wilson, is the present incumbent. 

The church is not ancient, nor does it con- 
tain any thing very remarkable except the 
singular epitaph of the Rev. R. Cookson, 
many years vicar of Alkhorough, and of this 
place. He died in the year 1818> and a stone 
is fixed in the nor4iiem wall of this building, 
with the following lines : — 

" Whale'er I did beliere, whatever I taught. 
Whatever He did for me, who mankind bought, 
la faith, in life, in word, in deed, in thought, 
Remrgam of them all is the full draught. 
Whatever is preach'd— -and is not this— -is nought. 
Who preaches thb, receive him as ye ought ; 
Reader learn well, but this sliprt text j^rom ine. 
Though I be dead, yet still, I preach to thee I 



WINTERINGHAM. 



WimttXin^am, probably once a boiough 
towiv is noticed bj Stukdy, as the Abontrus^ 
and by other antiquaries^ as the Ad Abnm of 
the Romans. It is pleasantly situated on the 
summit and declivity of a piece of ground, 
which is washed at its base by the river Abuis, 
or Humber. 

Winteiingham is a long straggling place, 
about seven miles westward of Barton, and 
according to the returns in 1831, it contained 
159 houses, and 745 inhabitants. About 
half a mile to the east of the present town, the 
old Roman road^ already noticed as the Her^ 
men Street, was interrupted by the Humber. 
On this spot was also^ most probably, the 
Roman station, corresponding with that of 
Brough, or Petuaria, on the opposite shores of 
the river. That this was the exact situation 
of the old town appears the more likely, be- 
cause both the haven-mouth, anciently called 



WINTERINGHAM. 86 

Flashmire, was evidently eastwai'd of the 
present one j and also the straight line of the 
old road from Lincoln, would terminate at the 
same place. 

It will not be unconnected with the present 
history, to say something more respecting the 
old Roman road : the one now about to engage 
the attention, bfeing probably the first which 
they constructed. This seems the more likely, 
because it alone has retained the original 
name, which was common to all such roads ; 
for the expression "Hermen Street," is of 
Saxon origin, answering to the Latin '' via 
militarise'' or military way. This noble road, 
when viewed in its full extent, was intended 
to be a meridian line, running through Lon- 
don, to the utmost bounds of Scotland^ and 
evidently directed its course as nearly diie 
north and south as possible. It was, there- 
fore, worthy of possessing the name which it 
has so long retained. 

The site of old Winteringham was almost 
enclosed witli water, having only a slip of land 
towards the Roman road, as an entrance. It 
is, therefore, well described, as *^ a peninsula 



86 WINTERINGHAM. 

between the Humber and Ankham.'' On the 
east side, there was a spring of fresh water, 
which was considered a great rarity, arising 
so near an arm of the sea. About one hun- 
dred and twenty years ago, there was some 
stone work remaining round this spring, and 
also an iron ladle, for the convenience of tra- 
vellers. The older inhabitants of Winterii^- 
ham still dwell with a mixture of wonder and 
pleasm*e on these by-gone days, concerning 
which they have heard their forefathers speak, 
as remembering the time when very con- 
siderable foundations were exposed in the 
necessary works of their agricultural pursuits. 
At the period to which this refers, the old town 
may be said to have been literally ploughed 
up; for many Roman antiquities wer^ there 
found, amongst which are particularly men- 
tioned paveiQents and chimney stones, some 
so large, and so near the surface of the soil, 
as to injure their ploughshares. In several 
other places were discovered evident traces of 
streets, made of sea-sand and gravel. It is, 
indeed, expressly mentioned by an old author, 
that at the termination of Hermen Street, a 






WINTERIN6HAM. 87 

small Roman road branched off directly west- 
word; passing pver Whitton-brook, to the 
Aquis of the ancients^ Tfhich place is now 
called Alkborough. 

The following is extracted from a passage in 
one of Dr. Stukely's letters, written at the then 
village inn, or ferry-house, at Winteiingham, 
and bearing dale the 24th July, 1 724,— " This 
place,** he says, "is over against Brough, 
the Roman town, on the Yorkshire shore, 
'^but it is rather more eastward, so that with 
"the tide coming in they ferried over very 
commodiously thither, and even now they are 
forced to take the tide. The present Win- 
teringhmn is stiU a corporation, and the 
mayor is chosen only out of one street, next 
" the old town, where was a chapel ; the bell of 
" it now hangs in a wooden frames by thepilloi'yy 
" and makes a most ridiculous appearance. I 
" am persuaded the old name of this station was 
" Abontrus, the same as the name of the river, 
whence they have formed the mimic Win- 
teringham. Here is a vast jaw-bone or rib 
^^ of a whale, that has lain time out of mind, 
" like that at St. James's ! The church stands 
" on fhe end of the Lincolnshire Alps. Well 

I 2 



it 



ti 



88 WINTERINGHABf. 



u 



it 



may the Humber take its name from llie 
noise it makes : for my landlord, who is a 
sailor, says, in a high wind it is incredibly 

^' great and terrible, like the crash and dasbing 

'^ together of ships. We passed by the spring 

^' at old Winteringham, and the marsh at the 
mouth of the Ankham ; and came to Ferriby- 
Sluice, a stately bridge of three arches, but 
now broken down and lying in dismal ruins, 

'^ by the negligence of the undertalcers. Tra- 
vellers are now obliged to pass the river in 
a paltry short boat, commanded by a litde 
old deaf fellow, with a long beard ; into this 
boat you descend by the steep of the river, 
ftr.4adeep.4d.7.Jof,U,n^.ad 

'^ Stakes ; nor is the ascent on the other side 
any better, being both difficult and danger* 
ousj truly we might here translate Virgil's 

*'*Huic via Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad 

'' undas, &c; " 

" Hence the way leads to Ferriby forlorn, 
Where AnkhanCg oozy flood, with hideous roar 

» 

Tears up the sands and sluices ruin'd vaults ; 
A squalid Charon the dread ferry plies 
In leaky scull, whose furrowed cheeks lie deep 
With hoary beard insconcM 



i( 






It 



' ■ n 



WINTERINGHAM. 89 

The early history of Winteringham, like 
that of most other places^ is enveloped in much 
obscurity j it is therefore best to remain silent 
on this subject, since superstition and fiction 
are the only materials that could afford us any 
assistance. It may, however, be well to ob- 
serve that the antique remains which exist on 
the spot and in the neighboiurhood, sufficiently 
attest the village to have been of Roman 
origin. From the period of the Romans to the 
time of the conquest, our manuscript in its 
first pages, shows us how frequently the 
inhabitants of the banks of the Humber 
were visited by the warlike and predatory 
Danes. Doubtless this place, as well as 
Wintertony derived its present name fi*om their 
having often wintered in this part of the 
country; indeed particular mention is made 
of their being here, on the 12th of November, 
1012, on thp night of which day a general 
massacre of these people took place. 

The earliest notice of Winteringham, is to 
be found in the very ancient record of Dooms- 
day, which valuable piece of antiquity is still pre- 
served in the Chapter House, at Westminster. 

I 3 



ft 



90 WINTERIN6HAM. 

In the county of Lancoln, and amongst ftte 
enumerations of the different lands there of 
Gilbert de Gant, or^ as he was sometimes called 
Gaunt, or Ghent, is the following passage : — 
''Manor. In Aplebi, and Bisebi, and 
*' Salecliff, Ulf had two carucates of land to 
be taxed ; there is a priest and a church, 
and twelve acres of nfieadow, yalue in King 
Edward's time, fifty shillings. — ^Berewick. 
'' In Roxebi two o:^angs of land to be taxed; 
" land to three oxen. — Manor. In Wintringe- 
''ham Ulf had twelve carucates of land to 
'' be taxed ; land to as many ploughs* Ror 
"bert, a vassal of Gilbert's, has there four 
''ploughs. There is a priest and a church, 
" and three mills, of thirty-seven shillings and 
" four pence ; and one ferry of thirteen shil- 
" lings ; and the bed of a fishery, value in 
" King Edward's time and now ten pounds; 
" tallaged at forty shillings." 

This Gilbert de Gant was a younger son 
of Baldwin, sixth Earl of Flanders, and was 
nephew to Maude, wife of William the Con- 
queror, with ndiom he came into England. 
His uncle bestowed upon him, as appears firom 



WINTERIN6HAM. 91 

DoomscUiy-^book; exclusive of lordships in ten 
other comities, no less than one hundred and 
thirty in this, of which he made Folldngham his 
chief seat, and the head of his barony. He 
died in the time of William Rufus, and was 
buried at Bardney, being succeeded by his son 
Walter, "who confirmed to the church and 
" monastery of St. Peter, and St. Paul, and 
" St. Oswald, at Bardney, and to the monks 
" serving God there, all those lands and pos- 
" sessions which his father had given them." 

The Maxmions succeeded the above family 
in the p»«e»i.,. of thfa mmor, paxflj hj 
n^. iod parUy b, buying Jp44 
of the last named Gilbert de Gant. Dug- 
dale dtes an ancient record, which states 
that "Robert Lord Marmion, in the year 
" 1 166, held in Winteringham, twelve knights' 
"fees by descent, and three by purchase." 
Our manuscript does not refer to this family 
for nearly a hundred years after the period 
last named; but it slates that in 1264, 
"Robert Lord Marmion, was owner of the 
whole manor of Winteringham, in Lincoln- 
shire, which after his death, descended to his 



6i 






92 WINTERIN6HAM. 

** eldest son William, and after his death, to 
'^ his son John, who, in the eleventh year of 
Edward the second, obtained a grant from 
the king, for a weekly market npon eyery 
Wednesday, at his manor of Winteringham ; 
'^ after whose decease, the town and manor 
^^ came to the Lords Grey of Rotherfield, and 
" after them to the Lords Fitz Hugh of Hol- 
"demess." From various other sonrces we 
learn that this family were in possession of this 
proper.,, ^e^l^ prior Jftatn^oned 
in the manuscript. The grant above alluded 
to, was evidently not the first obtained by the 
Marmions, in favour of their estates at this 
place ; for, according to the Charter Rolls in 
the Tower, the first Robert Marmion obtained 
a grant for Winteringham as early as the 
second year of the reign of King John, 1200. 
Again, in the Close Rolls, we find a writ in 
the second of Henry the third, 1217, ordering 
the Sheriff of Lincoln, — " to deliver seizen of 
the manor of Winteringham, which had be- 
longed to Robert Marmion the younger, 
"and to Richard de Rivars." From the 
same source we also learn, that this Robert 






WINTERINOHAM. 9S 

Marmion went to the wars for his father, in 
the year 1214; and subsequently, in 1219, had 
succeeded his father in holding the castle of 
Tamworth. 

It is almost needless to mention that the 
Maxmions were hereditary champions to the 
kings of England, and it is affirmed by some, 
that they acted in that capacity to the dukes of 
Normandy, even before the conquest of this 
country. 
Fram the public records it appears that 
Alexander FreviH, in the reign of Edward 
the third, held this same castle, namely 
Tamworth, by that kind of service ; yet the 
^'Frevills lost this honour at the coronation 
" of Richard the second, which went by mar* 
** riage to the family of Dymockes, in Lincoln* 
" shire/' 

But to return to the Marmions as more imme- 
diately affecting the history of this place ; we 
would observe that Robert, son to the one who 
came out of Normandy with William the first; 
died about the eighth year of the reign of 
King Stephen, and was succeeded by another 
Robert^ his son, who was '^ a justice itinerant 






94 WINTERIN6HAM. 

in Warwickshire." He died in the year 
1218, leaving, according to Dugdale, two 
aons by different wives, both of the name of 
Robert, and a younger son called William; 
Robert, the eldest, had Tamworth and Scri- 
velsby, and joining the French in Normandy, 
against England, had some difficulty in re- 
covering his forfeited estates, in tlie fiflh of 
Henry the third. He died in 1242, and was 
succeeded by his son Philip, who dying in 
1312, left four daughters. Margaret was 
married to Ralph Cromwell, whose daughter 
Joane married Alexander de Frevill. Joane, 
the fourth daughter, of Philip Maimion, was 
jsiarried to Sir John Dymocke. By these mar- 
riages it appears that Tamworth went to the 
Frevills, and Scrivelsby to the Dymockes. 

Our present history, however, brings us 
immediately into collision only with the des- 
cendants of the younger of the two Roberts 
before mentioned. This younger Robert de 
Marmion held the lordship of Winteiingham 
with some others, by the special grant of his 
father ; and it is to be observed, that the m^n- 
bers of this branch of the family, though they 



WINTERINOHAM. 95 

do not appear to have ever inherited the 
championship^ yet possessed the higher honour 
of being summoned to parliament amongst the 
peers of the reahn. 

From an extinct Baronage of England, it 
appears that Lord Fitz Hugh married Eliza- 
beth Marmion^ the last of that race^ and had 
issue by such marriage, no fewer than eight 
sons and five daughters. 

Until the year 1472, it appears that the Fitz 
Hughs held possession of Winteringham, and 
as Sir Robert Newmarch nine years afterwards 
was living at this place, it is not improbable 
that he purchased the estate. This, however, 
is a mere suggestion to account for the transfer 
of the property from one family to another. 
The manuscript speaks of the latter fiunily, in 
reference to the year 1481, in the following 
words. " In the last year of the reign of Ed- 
ward the fourth. Sir John Nevill of Althorpe- 
upon-Trent, married Elizabeth, daughter and 
"sole heiress of Sir Robert Newmarch, by 
" whom he became lord of the great manors of 
" Womersly, Askrigg, and Scothoip, in York- 
" shire ; and of Whatton and others in the 



it 



ii 



96 WINTERINGHAM. 

'* county of Nottingham. That which msikes 
** us take notice of this is, that he was the first 
*^ founder and huilder of the neat church at 
Althorpe, whose arms and crest are upon 
the west end of the steeple to this day, quar- 
** tered with the Newmarches.'* 

We may remark, that in almost the first 
page of the earliest of the parish registers, 
there occurs the hurial of John Newmarch, in 
the year 1597, which is litfle more than a 
hundred years after the time the manuscript 
affirms that the baronet of that name was 
living here. 

The next family of note residing in Win- 
teringham, seems to have been the Scorhoughs, 
or Scarbroughs. The old manuscript states 
that " in Henry the seventh's days, this family 
"were no small benefactors to the Friars* 
" Minor of Ghimsbie; in requital of whose fa- 
" vours to them, these monks did, in the years 
** 1489 and 1498, under the seal of their con- 
vent, make one John Scorbough and Ales 
his wife; and another Robert Scorbough, and 
Elizabeth his wife, partakers of all their 
"meritorious deeds, masses, prayers, fasts. 






^?T^ 



\\ 






WPNTERINGHAM. 97 

** penances, watchings, preachings^ pilgrim- 
ages, and all the rest of their good works ; 
and promised to them the Scorhoughs, to keep 
their hahits whenever they died, and to pray 

" for their souls in their provincial chapel." 

Both these deeds were said to he extant 
on the writing of the manuscript, the seals of 
which were on red wax, hearing the. impress 
of the Virgin Mary, with Christ in her arms 
suckiriff; and under that, the image of Saint 
Francis in his monk's dress, kneeling, and 
holding up his hands in form of prayer to 
her, and about which were these words — 

^^ ®ttaririantt», j^ratram iWCnovum 

Wfyt ^ntC^* This venerably pile de- 
dicated to All Saints, is a rectory, which 
was valued in the time of Henry the eighth, 
at £28 ; hut its value, as returned to the Par- 
liamentary Commissioners in 1834, was £657. 
It is situated at the western extremity of the 
village, and though of early date, we are 
not able to determine the exact time at which 
it was erected. The architecture is of that 
style which is generally called the early 

K 



08 WINTERINGHAM. 

English. It has formerly covered much more 
ground than it does at present, and there are 
evident traces of a further extent to the north. 
The arches in the hody of the church are very 
heautiful, and in all our researches amongst 
the neighbouring buildings, we have certainly 
met with nothing to be compared with them. 
Three arches are particularly worthy of notice; 
they are circular, and very highly wrought 
witli zig-zag ornaments. Over the chief en- 
trance, and nearly at the top of the church 
wall, is fixed a rudely sculptured figure, not 
more than a foot, or a foot and a half in height. 
It is not known whom it represents, or for 
what purpose it has been placed in its present 
situation. Whilst on the subject of images, 
mention may be made of a very beautifiil spe- 
cimen of carved ivory, which belongs to Mr. 
Stanewell of Burton Stather, who has kindly 
allowed us to inspect it, and also to take a 
drawing of it. It is not named in the history 
of Burton, because we find it formerly be- 
longed to this village. Mr. Stanewell's fa- 
mily obtained it many years ago from a 
Quakeress of Winteringham, called Kirby, 



WINTERINGHAM. 99 

who is said to have been the last member of 
the society of friends that resided here. This 
ivory relic of monastic ages^ represents the 
infant Saviour in the arms of his Virgin 
Mother. In niches on each side, are angels 
holding candles, and below them two nuns at 
their devotions; the holy mother forms the 
centre of the piece, and she has doubtless once 
been richly gilt and painted. This valuable 
curiosity has probably once been suspended 
round the neck of a catholic priest, or has 
served to ornament the walls of his dormitory. 
But to return to the church ; at the east end, 
and nearly opposite to the chancel door, were 
formerly placed a tomb and e&gy, concerning 
which much has been said, but little proved ; — 
the prevalent tradition is, that it is ^^Mar- 
mion's tomb ;" but some doubt exists as to its 
being the identical Marmion whose name Sir 
Walter Scott has rendered so imperishable. 
Impressed witli the hope that it might be 
the hero we wished, we hastily penned the 
following lines upon it, whilst the fast fading 
twilight of a dull November evening was still 
further darkened in its obstructed passage 
" through the long-drawn aisle." 

K 2 



100 WINTERINGHAM. 

Htuf » on Horn iWatmion'e ^ow** 

With wondering eyes on thee we gaze. 
Thou relic old of other days ! 
And as the lonely twilight grey, 
OY^r thy cold stone flits fast away ; 
We fain of thee, would search to know. 
What warrior form, lies cold below ! — 
Dost thou contain the giant limb. 
Of Marmion, the bold and grim ? 
Dost thou, embodied in that earth. 
Contain such form of noble birth, 
As he who at drear Flodden fell. 
Near Syphil Grey's romantic well ? — 
Speak sculptured soldier ! — say what fame 
Had'st thou to blazon on thy name ; 
For time has worn thy shield away, 
And left no lines on thy decay. 
Mayhap thou wast of younger date. 
Than he, who thus served king and state ; 
It might be too, that thou hast sprung, 
When chivalry ^as yet but young ; 
When every heart and voice might raise 
To thee, thy due reward of praise ! 
But, O ! how vain is earthly pow'r, — 
The gewgaw honours of an hour : 
How few old tombs remain to tell. 
Who in their precincts darkly dwell ; — 
A heap of dust ! a stone of grey ! 
Just serve to show one pass'd away ; 



WINTERINGHAM. 101 

But who, or what his fame, might be, 
Is hid in deepest mystery ! 
Thus Marmion ; — *tis thy fate to rest 
With creeping things a silent guest. 

Immediately adjoiniug the church is the 
Rectory-house, which appears to have heen 
built at different periods, and has the pecu- 
liarity of possessing a gable end directed to 
each of the four cardinal points. The following 
poetry on this rectory is a kind contribution 
of Mrs. Richter of Kirton : — 

THB TBMPORART RESIDENCE OF H. K. WHITE. 

A charm is here,— a chastened grace, 
A memory that clings 
To every fancied lingering trace. 
Of unforgotten things. 

Yes ! unforgotten ; for tho' time, 
A misty shade has cast ! 
Since long before thy noon-day prime. 
From earth thy spirit past : — 

Still Henry, dear to every muse. 
Thy melancholy song ; 
Soft as the morning's early dews. 
Thy native vales among. 

K 3 



v^ 



102 WINTERINGHAM. 

Pure as some happy spirit's hymn, 
Among the angel choirs. 
Joining the notes of cheruhim. 
And sung to heavenly lyres. 

There was a sadness in thy strain. 
From earth aspiring ever ; 
Seeking its native heaven again, 
From things of time to sever. 

As if thy pure and sainted spirit. 
Felt prison'd in its house of clay ; 
Longing that kingdom to inherit. 
That home beyond the starry way. 

On thy pale cheek and marble brow. 
The shadows of the grave were cast. 
That laid thy early genius low, — 
Too bright — too lovely far to last : 

All too etherial for the strife — 
The toil — the care, which had been thine ; 
Better for thee to 'scape from life. 
Far, far beyond the stars to shine ! 

Oh ! fashioned of some finer clay, 
A beam to this world's darkness given ; 
That faded all too soon away, 
** Sparkled, exhaled, and past to heaven.*' 



WINTERINGHAM. 103 

We are indebted to Mr. Edward Westoby 
for the accompanying view of Winteringham 
Church and the Rectory-house, which was 
taken from the rising ground a little to the east 
of the church ; we are likewise obliged to the 
same gentleman for his etching of H. K. 
White, made during the poet's residence at 
Winteringham. 

To the south of the church is the Hall-close- 
hiU, and the road leading to it is still called 
Yerle, or Earl's Gate ; and if these names 
did not sufficiently point out the situation of 
Lord Marmion's residence, a circumstance 
which occurred lately places the matter in 
question almost beyond doubt. About forty 
or fifty years ago, not only were extensive 
foundations discovered on the hill side, but a 
leaden pipe was also found, which led to a 
very beautiful well, formed of free stone, and 
finished in such style as would do no discredit 
to a workman of the present day. 

Here then has been the residence of several 
of the families mentioned in the former part of 
our history; and truly few of the nobility 
could possess a seat enjoying more splendid 



104 WINTEBIN6HAM. 

prospects. From the smmnit, which is called 
" Beacon-hiU/' lying southward, the eye may 
have one of the most perfect panoramic views 
in this comity. On the other three quarters 
the prospect is equally extensive, beautiful, 
and varied. The west of Winteringham is 
terminated by woodlands bordering on the 
Trent, which are considerably below the height 
whence they are viewed, whilst " the hiU-side 
villages** as they are called, form an elevated 
boundary to the east 

Immediately in front, and looking over the 
parsonage and church, is the broad expanse 
of the Humber, whose shores are thickly 
studded with villages and seats; whilst the 
very dktaiit line of the Yorkshire hiUs, forms a 
noble horizon for the picture. The beauty of 
the scene is considerably increased when the 
tide is rapidly bearing upon its mighty cur- 
rent a crowd of sailing vessels and numerous 
steam boats, which at once give life and ani- 
mation to the picture. 

We fear the details of the history of Win- 
teringham will be ratlier tedious to some of 
our readers, so by way of variation, we subjoin 



WINTERINGHAM. 106 

a few ^'parochial odds and ends,'' gleaned 
iirom the records of the parish, and from its 
traditions. 

The following singular enactments occur in 
the oldest parish-book, containing its " ack- 
kountes'' with the chiurchwarden and over- 
seers. — ^Amongst some bye-laws agreed upon 
at a parish meeting held at Winteringham, 
January the 6th, 1685, it was thus ordered : — 
"Item. That none shall hume or bake at 
** any unlawfuU time of night on paine of three 
" shillings and four-pence. Item. None shall 
*^ dry any hempe or flax by the fire upon paine 
"of three shillings and four-pence. Item. 
" None shall smoke tobacco in the streets upon ' 
" paine of two shillings for every default." 

The registers of baptisms, marriages, and 
bmials, begin as early as the year 1562 ; and 
contain many curious entries highly charac- 
teristic of the times in which they were written. 
At the season to which we refer, the banns of 
marriage were not always published in the 
church, as appears from the following entry. 
The purpose of marriage betwixt Thomas 
Wressell of this parish, and Margaret 






106 WINTERIN6HAM. 






^'iDavison ofBurtonsuper'Stathery was the first 
*^ time published in our markett upon Satur- 
" day, April 19lh, the 26th, and the 3rd of 
"May, 1656. They were married. Matthew 
" Geree Register." 

The folloTving Latin entry by Boteler, relates 
to the unfortunate death of Sir John Wray's 
son. "Theophilus Wray, generosus filius 
"Dom. Jobs. Wray Militis et Baronetti, 
phreneticus, qui se submersit, Novembris 
21, 1664." We have next an entry of a 
very different character. "Johannis filius 
"Michaelis Snowden, servi mei, quem ante 
" conjugium susceperat nequam ex Susanna 
"Henton, ancilla uxoris mei. Misereatur 
" eorum Dominus, 1666 ! " 

It is very singular that in the register of 
marriages for the year 1658, eight pien were 
married in succession, the christian name of 
each being Thomas : unimportant as this fact 
confessedly is, still for its singularity we daxe 
cis^'o. register of a./ljp«»h .. 
produce so remarkable a coincidence. 

The churchyard of Winteringham contains 
nothing very worthy of notice. 



WINTERINGHAM. 107 

^tttovn antr (Bnvattn of the church of 

All Saints, in Winteringham, from the year 

161 1 to the present time. 

1611 Thomas Foreman. 

1 622 Thomas Rainbow. 

1649 Edward Boteler. 

1673 William Potter. 

1680 Nicholas Sye. 

1723 Fosse. 

1 726 Thomas Adam. 

1774 Rx)bert Storey. 

1781 John Lawson. 

1783 Samuel Knight. 

1 784 The Hon. John Lumley. 
1799 Lorenzo Grainger. 
1808 Francis Swann. 

1833 Henry Newmarch. 

1835 The perpetual advowson of this living 

was sold by auction to the Rev. J. 

C. Rudstone Reed^ of Fricldey Hall^ 

near Doncaster, for £6,050. 

tS^OmaiSt ^tram was bom in the year 

1 700, and became rector of this place in 1 726. 

He lived at a time when the pulpit and 

reading-desk were generally at variance.^ He 



108 WINTERINGHAM. 

preached like most of the clergymen of that 
period, with a very imperfect knowledge of the 
gospel. After indulging in worldly amuse- 
ments, and performing a regular round of cold, 
mechanical services for some years, and seeing 
no fruits of his lahours, he became distressed ; 
hut the eyes of his understanding being opened 
by divine mercy, he was eminent for his 
piety, usefulness, and unwearied benevolence 
to the poor. He relieved twelve widows, two 
of whom attended every Sunday moTmng 
before divine service, and received one shilling 
each: on the death of Mr. Adam, the late 
Mr. Westoby continued the same bounty to 
them for the rest of their lives. Mr. Adam's 
name will be long honoured in the church, as 
the author of" Private Thoughts on Religion," 
and his Exposition of St. Matthew. A life of 
this excellent man is now publishing by the 
Rev. Amos Westoby, M. A., of Emberton in 
Buckinghamshire, which will be followed by 
an Exposition of the other three Gospels 
written by Mc Adam, though hitherto un- 
published. These have providentially fallen 
into Mr. Westoby's hands and will no doubt 



WINTERINGHAH. 109 

be found a valuable acquisition to the Chris- 
tian world. 

%OXtn}0 iffifvainger was bom at How^n : 
he was assistant to the Rev. Joseph Milner of 
Hull, and in 1 799 became the zealous, labo- 
rious, and charitable curate of Winteringham. 
He was also eminent as a teacher of youth ; 
many now in high stations can bear testimony 
to his great worth, learning, and piety, He was 
the well known tutor of Henry Kirke White, 
and also of his friend, Henry White Almond. 

In noticing the life of Mr. Grainger, our 
friend Mr. Westoby of Scarborough, directs the 
reader's attention to the following extract from 
the biography of the Winteringham clergy- 
men, taken from an address to the inhabitant!^ 
of this village, by the Rev. Henry ]N[ewmarch, 
the present curate. 

It is now more than a hundred years since 
Mr. Adam first spread amongst you, the 
simple, yet wonderful truths of redemption, 
and showed the effects of grace upon his oi(m 
heart, not only by his preaching, but also by 
a life spent in glory to God and good will to 
man. His labours of love were granted to 

L 



ii " 

ii 

ti 

H 

ii 

ii 



110 WINTERINGHAM. 



a 
it 






ft 
u 
a 
it 



his people for the unusual period of more^ 
than half a century; and when at last in a 
full old age he was gathered to the home of 
'' his fathers, and the bosom of his God, he 
" was succeeded by Mr. Knight, who for 
twenty years exercised his ministry in speak- 
ing faithfully, yet affectionately, the engrailed 
" word, which is able to save your souls. And 
when he was removed from you, his place* 
was supplied by your late respected curate, 
Mr. Grainger, who for niore than thirty 
years, earnestly besought you *in Christ's 
" stead to be reconciled to God,* pointing out 
" to you the way of salvation, not only by the 
" arguments of scripture, but also by the force 
" of a holy and christian example." 

J^tWtg Wiixkt W£f^itt. " This scholar, 
enthusiast, and poet of brief days," came 
under the tuition of Mr. Grainger in the latter 
part of the year 1804. It appears from the 
published account of his life, that White had 
injured his health by intense study, previous 
to his taking up his residence at the rectory 
house in Winteringham, and before the El- 
land Society had promised to assist 'him in his 



WINTERINGHAM. Ill 

future pisrsiiits at Cambridge. He entered 
upon his preparatory studies, and his university 
career, with a frame already weakened by 
those very exertions which were now required 
if possible to be increased. We need not then 
be surprised to find, that soon after he com- 
menced his studies at this place, he was la- 
bouring under a severe attack of illness. In 
some of his letters he mentions the kindness as 
well as the benefit he received on this occasion 
from Mr. Eddie of Barton, aod thus the threat- 
ened evil day was for a time delayed. 

The following anunated description of the 
scenery around Winteringham, is extracted 
from one of his letters to his fiiend Mr. B* 
Maddock of Nottingham. It is dated August, 
1 804. . " Winteringham," he says, ." is indeed 
" now a delightful place, the trees are in'^full 
" verdure, the crops are browning the fields, 
and my former walks are become dry under- 
foot ; which I have never known them to be 
" before. The opening vista from our church- 
" yardj over the Humber, to the hills and re- 
" ceding vales of Yorkshire, assume a thou- 
" sand new aspects. I sometimes watch it at 






112 WINTERINOHAM. 

^< evening, when the snn is just gflfii^ iSb^ 
<< summits of the hills, and the lowlands are 
<' beginning to take a browner faro. The 
'* showers partially Mling in the dtstance, 
.'< while all is serene above me; the swelling 
** sail rapidly falling down the liver, and not 
'^ least of all, — ^the villages, woods^ and villas 
^'on the opposite bank sometimes render this 
'^ scene quite enchanting to me." 

During the few hours that Kirke White 
allowed himself for rdaxadon, one of his ik- 
VQQiite pursuits was to stray along the banks 
of the Humber, and there contemplate the 
beauties of nature, of which he was so ardent 
an admirer. He frequently directed his 
footsteps to the village of Whitton, distant 
from Winteringham about two miles. This 
place soems to have been generally resorted to 
by him ; and on the sands there, uniil very 
lately^ stood his fitvourite tree, whereon, he 
had cut '' H. K. W., 1805.'' An engraving 
of this tree was giv» in ^' The Mirror^ for 
the month of March, 1836 ; and since that pub- 
lication, the tree, which might have withstood a 
little longer the stonns of the elements, has been 



WINTERINGHAH. 113 

cut down by the woodmanV axe. But in vme^ 
ration for the respected memoij of our Not- 
tinghamshire poet^ the initials have been care- 
foUj taken from the tree, and are now placed 
a» a curiosity in an elegant gilt frame !^ 

The annual value of property assessed at 
Wintetingham in 1815, was £7166; and 
although Lord Carrmgton possesses much 

^ Near the tree just alluded to, was another which 
grew higher up the baak, on which White engraved 
the following words— 

** Don't yoo see the lUvery wave ;— * 
Don*t you hear the voice of God !" 

These lines» however, live only in the remembriance of 
those who surround his once much favoured retreat,*-- 
for they are totally effaced; like their author they 
have passed away for ever, and can no more be gazed 
upon by the mortal eye of man. In his own beautiful, 
simple, and striking words we may add — 

'* Hash'd is the lyre— the hand that swept 
The low and pensive wires, 
Robb'd of its cnnniDg, from the task retires." 

<* Yes— it is still— the lyre is stUl; 

The spirit,' which its slumbers broke — 
Hath pass'd away, — and that weak hand that woke 
Its forest melodies, hath lost its skill r* 



114 .WINT£RINOHAlf. 

{>i:opert7 in the parish, there are some.fireeholds 
helonging to other individuals. 

In the event of a railroad being established 
on the northern shores of the Hmnber, it is 
certain that this village will thereby be ,ma- 
teriaUj benefited. The old Roman road may 
once more be brought into requisition ; and 
though it is to be hoped that " Hermen Streef^ 
win never again become a nriHtaxy way, stifl 
it is probable that when the country shall have 
become further intersected by these m^ir,,^ 
ments, this straight line of road from Lincoln 
to the Humber will no longer be suffered to 
remain in its present almost useless state. A 
steam boat would doubtless be established at 
this ferry, when the projected rail road on the 
opposite bank, would afford a speedy and con- 
venient mode of conveyance to Hull and Be- 
verley ; and at the same time prove the justice 
of Stukely's remark, " that it was ill judged 
*' of travellers to . desert the old Roman way, 
" and ferry, and turn the road to Barton." 



THE END. 



ERRATA. 

Page 4, line 8» for " dying in the twenty-second/* read " dying in the second." 
.» ''i »» 7, „ " acarely/* read " scarcely.** 

„ 13. last line, for '* thirty-sixth year of the reign,** reed *' thirty-fottrth." 
„ 36, „ dele the '* u " in ** stupenduous.** 
„ 64, line 13, for " Thos. Goalton/' read '< Thoe. Goats.*' 
„ 67, „ 16, „ "Anderson,*' read "Andrew." 
„ 68, „ 4, „ «* the tithe," read "the title." 
*» 69, „ 16, „ *' a fair is held on the 5th of April,*' read " the iairs are 

still held as formerly." 
„ 60, „ 23, „ " Barton,** read *• Burton." 
,. 63, „ 23, „ "Stamiwell,** read " Stanewell.*' 
» 66, „ 1, „ *M768," read "1678." 



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