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HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED PLATES

OF

TERTIARY MAMMALIA

AND -

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA

Prepared under the Direction of
EDWARD DRINKER COPE
for the di
U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories
with
Descriptions of Plates

by
WILLIAM DILLER MATTHEW

PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED
WITH THE COOPERATION OF T

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BY THE

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY et ASF.

MONOGRAPH SERIES NUMBER 2 gS
1915 |

vy

PREFATORY NOTE.

The accompanying plates were prepared and printed by the United States Govern-
ment for the Report on Tertiary Vertebrata by E. D. Cope, forming Volumes III and
IV of the final report of the Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, F. Y.
Hayden in charge. The first part of this Report (Volume III), treating of the Eocene
and a part of the Oligocene vertebrates was completed and published in 1885. The
second part, treating of the remainder of the Oligocene and all the Miocene vertebrates,
was never completed. A large number, but not all, of the plates for this part were pre-
pared and printed, together with seven plates for a contemplated report on Permian
Vertebrata.

The specimens illustrated are contained in the Cope Collection, purchased by the
American Museum of Natural History. The ownership of certain parts of the collec-
tion having been satisfactorily adjusted it seemed proper that the plates should be
distributed for the benefit of palzeontologists, jointly by the United States Geological
Survey and the American Museum of Natural History. The plate descriptions were
prepared and the plates bound and distributed by the latter institution.

Illustrations of many of the specimens here figured, copied from these plates, have
been published by Professor Cope, chiefly in the American Naturalist of 1880-1888.
The nomenclature and identification of the material has been materially changed since
1880-1883 when the illustrations were made, and it has been thought advisable to give
in the plate descriptions both Cope’s identifications and the revision now current (1915).
No text is known to have been prepared by the author, but the substance of his views
and interpretations of the later Tertiary vertebrates of Western America may be found
in his numerous publications dealing with fossil mammals, chiefly in the American
Naturalist, and Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, between 1880 and
1892, also in Bulletins and Annual Reports of the U. S. Geol. Geog. Sur. Territories,
1872-1882 and the Texas Geological Survey Reports, 1891-1893.

A number of plates illustrating the Brontotheriide of the Oligocene of Colorado
are included in the Monograph of that family by Henry Fairfield Osborn, and are omitted
from the present series.

SCHEDULE OF PLATES.

Permian Vertebrata. Twelve plates; Nos. 1, 3, 7,8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 16a, 19, 22.

Oligocene Ungulata. Fifteen plates; Nos. 102, 104, 105, 108, 109, 109a, 110, 110a,
ik, Ths ahiB, bist, wali, Waleyy eG.

Miocene Carnivora and Rodentia. Seven plates; Nos. 118, 118a, 118b, 119, 119a,
119b, 119¢e.

Miocene Proboscidea. Five plates; Nos. 120, 121, 122, 123, 124.

Miocene Rhinoceroses. Twenty plates; Nos. 125, 126, 127, 129, 150, 131, 132, 133,
134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 144b.

Miocene Equide. Seven plates; Nos. 145, 147, 148, 148a, 149, 150, 151.

Miocene Camelide. Two plates; Nos. 153, 154,

w

it

PEA BE 1.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. MEGALICHTHYS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Ectosteorhachis nitidus Megalichthys (= Palzobatrachus) nitidus

lias. 1-38. Megalichthys nitidus (Cope 1880). Type specimen, two-thirds natural size. Amer.
Mus. No. 7239, Cope Coll. Wichita basin, Texas. Fig. 1, ventral view of head
and fore part of trunk; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, dorsal, lateral and anterior views of head.
(Fig. 4 is not identified).

[LIN SIHOVHYOHLSOLOG

- Oo OO

Fie le ik

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA

VERTEBRATE REMAINS FROM VERMILLION Co., ILLINOIS

Nomenclature

Cope, 1880-3 Revised, 1915
Orthacanthus quadriseriatus Pleuracanthus quadriseriatus
Diplodus compressus Diacranodus texensis
Ctenodus pusillus Gnathorhiza pusilla

a gurleyanus Sagenodus fossatus

+ fossatus i. fossatus
Ceratodus paucicristatus : paucicristatus

“_-vinslovii a vinslovii
Peplorhina arctata Spherolepis arctata
Janassa strigilina Janassa strigilina

“ gurleiana “ gurleiana
Archeobelus vellicatus Archeobelus vellicatus
Cricotus heteroclitus » Cricotus heteroclitus
Lysorophus tricarinatus Lysorophus tricarinatus
Diplocaulus salamandroides Diplocaulus salamandroides

Fies. 1-50. Vertebrate remains from the Permian bone bed of Vermillion County Illinois. This
fauna described by Professor Cope in 1877 was the first Permian fauna found in
North America, and contains the genotypes of many of the genera later described
from better material in Texas and New Mexico. The collection is the property
of the Walker Museum of the University of Chicago, and has been redescribed
by Dr. E. C. Case (1900) in the Journal of Geology, Vol. VIII, pp. 698-729, with
five plates of figures. The revised nomenclature is auct. Case and Hussakof
1911.

Fias. 1, la. Plewracanthus quadriseriatus (Cope, 1877). Fragment of head spine, X 2. Type
specimen, No. 6502, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900; pl. i, fig. 3).

Frias. 2-4. Diacranodus texensis (Cope, 1890). Teeth, No. 6504, Walker Mus., referred by
Cope to Diplodus (Didymodus) compressus Newberry. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 5;
I am unable to state the enlargement, as Dr. Case does not give it in his figure,
nor have measurements been published).

Fic. 5. Spherolepis arctata (Cope, 1877). Dentigerous plate, x 3. Type specimen No. 6511,

Walker Museum. (Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxxi, fig. 2).
G. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c. Gnaithorhiza pusilla (Cope, 1877). Right palatal plate, x 3, type specimen,
No. 6508, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 9; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvii, fig. 10).

Fia. 7, 7a, 7b. Sagenodus fossatus (Cope, 1877). Upper dental plate, natural size, No. 6509,
Walker Mus., type of Ctenodus gurleyanus Cope, 1877. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 8;
Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 9).

Fia. 8, 8a, 8b, 8c. Sagenodus fossatus (Cope, 1877). Imperfect left mandibular plate, immature,
about $ natural size. Type specimen, No. 6506, Walker Museum. (Case, 1900,
pl. i, fig. 10; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 8).

Fic. 9, 9a, 9b, 9c. Sagenodus pancicristatus Cope, 1877. Imperfect dental plate, natural size,
Type specimen, No. 6505 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 11; Hussakof,
1911, pl. xxvii, fig. 4).

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lies.

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/

. 10, 10a, 10b, 10e. Sagenodus vinslovii (Cope, 1875). Incomplete left palatal plate, natural

size, Type specimen, No. 6507 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 6; Hussakof,
1911, pl. xxvii, fig. 7).

3. 11, lla, 1lb. Janassa strigilina Cope, 1881. Tooth probably of median series, twice

natural size. Type specimen, No. 6500 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. 1, fig. 1;
Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 1).

12, 12a, 12b. Janassa gurleiana Cope, 1878. Small tooth, lacking the root, twice natural
size. Type specimen, No. 6501, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 2; Hussakof,
1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 2).

;. 18, 18a, 13b, 18¢e. Arch@obelus vellicatus Cope, 1877. Jaw fragment with tooth, about

natural size. Type specimen, No. 6524, Walker Mus.

. 14, 14a. Undetermined jaw fragment, ‘Species two” of Cope, 1877, auct. Case (agrees

better with “species one” of Cope’s description), natural size and enlarged to 7.
No. 6567, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, fig. 12). Fig. 14b, tooth, undet.

. 15, 16. Cricotus heteroclitus Cope, 1875. Two intercentra, ? types of C. discophorus

Cope, 1877, natural size, Walker Mus.,? No. 6518. (Case, 1900, pl.i, figs. 13-14).

. 17, 17a, 17b. Cricotus gibsoni Cope, 1877. Supposed caudal vertebra, natural size. Type

specimen, No. 6521, Walker Mus. Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 15.
18. ? Diplocaulus, fragment of sculptured plate.
19-20. Lysorophus tricarinatus Cope, 1877. Two vertebral centra, twice natural size.
Typical specimens. No. 6526-8, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. ii, fig. 12).
21-23. Diplocaulus salamandroides Cope, 1877. Vertebre, about 3 natural size. Typical
specimens, Nos. 6513-6, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, fig. 17).

i, 24. Unidentified jaw fragment “Species one” of Cope, 1877, auct. Case (agrees better with

“species two” of Cope’s description). No. 6567, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, ‘pl.
v, fig. 12). Probably enlarged, but as Cope gives no measurements and Case does
specify the enlargement on his figure I can not determine how much.

25. Unidentified.

26, 26a, 26b. Clepsydrops ? pedunculatus Cope, 1877. Humerus, lacking distalend. Half
natural size. No. 6542, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. iii, fig. 5; reference auct.
Case).

27. Unidentified.

28. Unidentified vertebra.

29. Hi intercentrum.

30-35. Pelycosaurian carpal and tarsal bones, unidentified, probably Clepsydrops. No.
6559, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, figs. 18-21.) Enlargement not determined.

37-47. Clepsydrops metapodials and phalanges. Enlargement not determined. Nos.
6563-5, Walker Mus. (Case 1900, pl. v, figs. 3-10).

48-49. ? Podial bones of Pelycosaurians.

50. Coprolite. No. 6574, Walker Mus.

co

. ¢ om

j-4, SELACHII 6-10. DIPNO!I li—-1l2. JANASSA 13. ARCHAEBOBELUS

19-20. LYSOROPHUS 21-23 DIPLOCAULUS 2 4-46

=...
tte ry
- 8

PLATE VIL

PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. 'TRIMERORHACHIS

Fia. 1, la. Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878. Skull, superior and inferior views, natural
size. Metatype, Amer. Mus. No. 4557, Cope Coll., Permian, Wichita basin,

Texas,
Fias. 2, 2a, 3. ?Trimerorhachis, not identified.

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PLATE VIIL

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. 'TRIMERORHACHIS

Fries. 1-11. Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878. Occiput, jaws, vertebre and limb bones,
natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus., No. 4565, Cope Coll. Lower Per-
mian, Wichita Basin, Texas.

*

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PLATE X.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. ERYOPS :

Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. Complete skull, superior view, four-sevenths natural size.
Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 4189, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Wichita
basin, Texas.

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: 77

PLATE XI.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. SKULL OF ERYOPS

Fras. 1-2. Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878, side view of skull and lower jaw and under view
of lower jaw, four sevenths natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus., No. 4189,
Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Wichita basin, Texas.

“44 GBdOO ‘SNIVHdHOVOAN SdOANH

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SHIMO.LMYAL BHL 40 AHAHNS TVOIDO'TOXS S fh

PLATE XIL

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. JAWS AND VERTEBR&Z OF ERyYOPS

Fics. 1-9. Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. Lower jaw and vertebrae, Amer. Mus. No. 4183,
Cope Coll., from Lower Permian, Wichita Co., Texas. Specimens figured on
Pl xis ;
Fig. 1, la, lower jaw, 2 natural size; fig. 2, 2a, cervical 3, 3a, dorsal, 4, 4a,
sacral, and 5, 5a, caudal vertebre all 2 natural size; fig. 6, anterior vertebra,
natural size; fig. 7 posterior dorsal vertebra, natural size; figs. 8-10 not identified.

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PLATE. XII.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. LIMB BONES OF ErRyops

Fries. 1-6. Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. Seapula pelvis and femur, all two fifths neta -
size. Amer. Mus. No. 4183, Cope Coll., figured on pl. xii.
Fig. 1, la. Scapula-coracoid, inner and outer views of lower portion; te
2-5, pelvis, outer, anterior, posterior and inferior views; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d,
femur, external anterior, posterior, proximal and distal views. .

— : de - —

ie
pile aie?

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Us +”)
a Ts i

PLATE XVI.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKELETON OF CrRICOTUS

Fias. 1, 2 & 8, and probably 3-7 and 9. Cricotus crassidiscus, portions of skeleton, natural size.
, , I 4

Am. Mus. No. 4550a, Cope Coll., Lower Permian, North Fork of Little Wichita
River, Texas. Fig. 1, neck and anterior part of trunk; fig. 2, posterior part of
trunk to anterior part of tail; fig. 3, middle portion of tail. The remaining
figures are probably of this individual, but 1 am unable positively to identify
them. The specimen has been much more thoroughly pieced together since it
was acquired by the American Museum, being in fact a nearly complete articu-
lated skeleton, lacking only the distal parts of limbs and feet. With it was
associated a second skeleton, lacking the skull and jaws, but otherwise almost
as complete as the other. Professor Cope appears to have considered both as
portions of a single skeleton.

ee

co

=
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PLATE XVIa.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKULL AND VENTRAL ARMOR OF CRICOTUS

Fig. 1. Cricotus crassidiscus. Cope, 1884. Portion of ventral armor, pelvic region, natural
size. Co-type. Am. Mus. No. 4550, Cope Coll.

Fia. 2. Cricotus crassidiscus Cope, 1884. Skull and lower jaws, top and side views, natural size,
Co-type (lectotype) No. 4550a, figured on pl. xvi. a

ra

ART

GRICOT

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i et ae i) ie ‘ i yee Sa danere
Diet). thy) Re ls

PLATE. XIX

PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKULL OF DIADECTES

Nomenclature &

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Empedocles molaris Diadectes molaris

Frias. 1-4. Diadectes molaris Cope, 1878. Skull, natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 4350, Cope Coll.
Lower Permian, Little Wichita R., Texas. Fig. 1, palatal view restored; fig. 2,
side view, missing parts in outline; fig. 3, occipital view, missing parts in outline;
fig. 4, premaxille, anterior view; fig. 5, crown view of upper teeth.

Fias. 5-6. Diadectes ? fissus (Cope, 1883). Upper and part of lower jaw, natural size, ? No.
4348, Cope Coll., Lower Permian, Wichita Basin, Texas.

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PLATE XXII.

PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKELETON OF DIMETRODON

Fics. 1-11. Dimetrodon incisivus Cope. Parts of skull and vertebrae, two-fifths natural size
(except figs, 8-9). Amer. Mus. No. 4008, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, North
Fork of Little Wichita River, Texas.

Fig. 1, la. Front of skull, with fragment of lower jaw attached, fig. 2, 2a, 2b,
quadrate; figs. 3-5, vertebral column, axis to second caudal complete, spines mostly
broken off; figs. 6, 7, anterior and posterior views of anterior dorsal vertebra
(14th of this series); figs. 8, 9, posterior view of posterior dorsal and anterior
view of sacral vertebra, both natural size; figs. 10, 10a, caudal vertebre; fig. 11,
mass of vertebral spines with head of rib attached.

DIMETRODON INCISIVU

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PLATE CI.

OLIGOCENE RHINOCEROSES. HyRACODON

Fries. 1-11. Hyracodon arcidens Cope, 1873. Typespecimen. Amer. Mus. No. 6309, Cope Coll.,
Cedar Creek beds (Oreodon zone) of Logan Co., Colorado. All figures two fifths
nature. Fig. 1, palate and lower jaws, left side; fig. 2, palatal view of palate;
fig. 3, occiput, posterior and right side views; fig. 4, superior view of lower jaws;
fig. 5, fragment unidentified; fig. 6, atlas, inferior view; fig. 7, 7a, 7b, axis,
lateral superior and inferior views; 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, middle cervical vertebra,
lateral, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior views; 9, 9b, 9c, 9d, correspond- |
ing views of first dorsal; 10, 11, anterior dorsals.

PLATE CIV.

Limp Bones oF OLIGOCENE RHINOCEROSES

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Aceratherium occidentale Ceenopus (= Subhyracodon) mitis
Aceratherium pacificum Diceratherium pacificum

Figs. 1-2. Canopus mitis (Cope, 1874). Femur tibia and fibula, part of type specimen figured
on pl.ev. Amer. Mus. No. 6325, Cope Coll., Horsetail Creek beds (Titanotherium
zone), Logan Co., Colorado.

Fies. 3-4. Diceratherium pacificum (Leidy, 1871). Femur and tibia with foot bones figured
on pl.ev. Amer. Mus. No. 7340, Cope Coll., John Day formation of Oregon.

All figures are two-fifths natural size.

PLATE ACY.

Foot Bonres oF OLIGOCENE RHINOCEROSES

‘
Nomenclature ; ; -
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 a y
Aceratherium mite Cenopus (= Subhyracodon) mitis i
Diceratherium pacificum Diceratherium pacificum _ ;
Fras. 1-5. Canopus mitis (Cope, 1874). Limb and foot bones of type specimen, Am. Mus. No. py
6325, Cope Coll., Lower Oligocene, Horsetail Creek beds, Logan Co., Colorado. oy
See pl. civ. a > ee
Fias. 6-18. Diceratherium pacificum. Hind limb and foot bones. Am. Mus. No. 7340, Cope
Coll., Upper Oligocene, John Day formation of Oregon.
cy

ACERATHERIUM MITE

=

PLATE CVI.

OLIGOCENE Equip™. ‘‘ ANCHITHERIUM”’

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Anchitherium przestans Kalobatippus preestans

Fias. 1-8. Kalobatippus prestans (Cope, 1879). Skull, jaws, hind foot and part of hind leg,
one-half natural size, except fig. 8. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7269,
Cope Coll., Upper Bed of John Day formation, Oregon. Fig. 1, side view of
skull and jaws, la, palatal view of skull; fig. 2, superior view of lower jaw; fig. 3,
3a, distal end of femur, distal and external views; fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, tibia, anterior,
external, proximal and distal views; fig. 5a, proximal view of cuneiforms; fig. 6,
6a, 6b, 6c, metatarsus, internal, anterior, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, |
second phalanx of median digit, anterior and internal views; fig. 8, lateral ungual
phalanx, natural size, all the preceding figures being one-half nature.

Kalobatippus gen. nov. Osborn. Upper molars with metaloph united to eetoloph as in Anchi-
therium, but m* and heel of ms; unreduced and like Miohippus in pattern. Limb
bones and metapodials much elongated, lateral digits unreduced from Miohippus
stage; phalanges short; inner cuneiform of pes abutting upon cannon-bone.

Mea

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PLATE CIX.

OLIGOCENE ENTELODONTS. JAW OF PELONAX

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 =
Elotherium ramosum Pelonax ramosus

Fias. 1-2. Pelonax ramosus (Cope, 1874). Lower jaw, side and top views, one-third natural
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6393, Cope Coll. Upper Oreodon or
Leptauchenia zone, Cedar Creek beds, N.-E. Colorado.

Fic. 3, unidentified.

Vad WOSSaHLO TS

MO J

TYOLMYYEL RL AO ASAHNS

PLATE ClXa.

OLIGOCENE PECCARIES AND ENTELODONTS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Elotherium ramosum Pelonax ramosus
Elotherium imperator Entelodon imperator
Thinohyus pristinus Perchcerus pristinus

Fie. 1. Pelonax ramosus (Cope, 1874). Lower jaw, anterior view, one third natural size. Type
specimen figured on PI. cix.

Fig. 2, 2a, 2b. Entelodon imperator (Leidy, 1873). Anterior end of lower jaw, superior, in-
ferior and anterior views, one-third natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7381, Cope
Coll. John Day formation; Camp Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon.

Fies. 3-8. Boécherus humerosus Cope, 1879. Parts of type skeleton, figured on pl. cx. Fig. 3,
fore foot, external; fig. 4, proximal view of metacarpus; fig. 6, 6a, proximal
phalanx, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, second phalanx, same views; fig. 8,
proximal view of tibia. All one-third natural size.

Fic. 9, 9a. Percherus pristinus Leidy, 1873. Skull, lateral and palatal views, three-fifths
natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7394, Cope Coll., from the John Day formation
of Oregon.

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PEATE. CX.

Limp Bones or BoécHa@RUS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Boédchcerus humerosus = ? Deodon humerosus

Fias. 1-5. Bodcherus (= ? Deodon) humerosus Cope, 1879. Type specimen. No. 7380, Amer.

Mus. Cope Coll. From Upper Oligocene, John Day formation, upper bed, John
Day Valley, Oregon. One-third natural size.

Fig. 1, la, lb, 1c, humerus, posterior, anterior, proximal and distal views.

Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, distal end of radius, anterior, distal and posterior views.

Fig. 3, 3a, 3c, carpus, dorsal, proximal and internal views.

Fig. 4, 4c, manus, dorsal and internal views.

Fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, femur, posterior, anterior, proximal and distal views.

vi 2

PLATE CXa.

~SkuLus or Jonn Day DicoTyLip2

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised, 1913
Paleochcerus subequans Perchcerus subsequans
Paleochcerus trichzenus Perchcerus trichzenus
Cheenohyus decedens Chenohyus decedens

Fic. 1. Perchwrus subaquans (Cope) 1879. Skull and lower jaw. Type specimen, Condon
Coll., University of Oregon. Three-fourths natural size.

Fic. 2. Percherus trichenus (Cope) 1879. Upper jaw of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7390,
Cope Coll., John Day formation, Oregon. Three-fourths natural size.

Vic. 3. Chanohyus decedens Cope 1879. Upper jaw of type specimen, Condon Coll., University
of Oregon. Natural size.

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Fia

lia

Fia.

PLATE CXI.

JoHun Day DicoryLINEsS AND OREODONTS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3
Cheenohyus decedens
Paleochcerus pristinus
Paleochcerus socialis
Coloreodon ryderanus

Revised 1915
Chenohyus decedens
Perchcerus pristinus
Perchcerus socialis
Agriochcerus ryderanus

Chenohyus decedens Cope, 1879. Side and top views of anterior half of skull. Type

specimen, Condon Coll., University of Oregon. See pl. CXa, fig. 3. Natural

1, la.
size.
. 2. Percherus pristinus (Leidy 1873).
size.
. 3. Percherus socialis (Marsh, 1875).
size.
4. Agriocherus ryderanus (Cope, 1881).

Coll. side view, natural size.
fourths natural size.

Lower jaw, Am. Mus. No. 7392, Cope Coll. Natural

Lower jaw, Am. Mus. No. 7393, Cope Coll. Natural

Skull, type specimen, Am. Mus. No. 7407, Cope
Figs. 4a, 4b, superior and inferior views, three-

PLATE CXIL

OLIGOCENE OREODONTS. SKULL OF AGRIOCHGRUS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1913
Agriochcerus guiotianus Agriochcerus guyotianus
Fics. 1-2. Agriocherus guyotianus (Cope, 1873). Skull and jaws, lateral, inferior and posterior

views, natural size. Specimen figured on pl. cxiii. Amer. Mus. No. 7402, Cope
Coll., John Day formation of Oregon.

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Fics. 1-2.

Fias. 3-4.

PLATE CXIIL

OLIGOCENE OREODONTS. SKULLS OF AGRIOCHGRUS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Agriochcerus guyotianus Agriocherus guyotianus
Coloreodon macrocephalus Agriochcerus macrocephalus

Agriocherus guyotianus (Cope, 1878). Skull and jaws, superior and anterior views,
natural size. Specimen figured on pl. exii. Amer. Mus. No. 7402, Cope Coll.,
John Day formation of Oregon.

Agriocherus macrocephalus (Cope, 1884). Skull, superior and palatal views, natural
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7412, Cope Coll., John Day formation

of Oregon.

SOLD LAL ESP EL OE

LOIRE OES

PLATE CxXllla.

OLIGOCENE OREODONTS. SKULL OF AGRIOCHGRUS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Coloreodon ferox Agriochcerus ferox

Fias. 1-3. Agriocherus ferox (Cope, 1879). Skull, lateral, palatal and superior views, natural
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7413, Cope Coll., John Day formation,
North Fork of John Day River, Oregon.

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PEATE CxVe

2 Wuitt River CAMELIDH. SKULL AND SKELETON OF POEBROTHERIUM.

Fias. 1-13. Poébrotheriwm labiatum Cope, 1881. Skull, lower jaw and cervical and dorsal
vertebra of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6520, Cope Coll. From Cedar Creek
beds (Oreodon zone) of White River formation, head of Cedar Creek, Logan Co.,
Colorado. Three-fifths natural size.

}

PLATE CXVa.

Wuite River CAMELIDA. SKELETON OF Po&BROTHERIUM

Limb bones, hind foot and vertebra of type
specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6520, Cope Coll. Cedar Creek beds, White River
formation, northeastern Colorado. Three-fifths natural size. See Pl. CXV.

Fias. 13-21. Poébrotheriwm wilsoni Leidy, 1847. Lower jaw, limb bones, fore-foot, and verte-
bre of Amer. Mus. No. 6519, Cope Coll., Cedar Creek beds, White River forma-

tion, northeastern Colorado.

Frias. 1-12. Poébrotherium labiatum Cope, 1881.

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PLATE CXVI.

OLIGOCENE CAMELID4. SKELETON OF PARATYLOPUS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Poébrotherium sternbergi Paratylopus sternbergi

Fias. 1-7. Paratylopus sternbergi (Cope, 1879). Skull and parts of skeleton, three-fifths natural
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7910, upper bed of John Day formation
of Oregon. Figs. 1, la, 1b, skull, lateral, superior and palatal views; fig. 2,
premaxilla, inferior view; fig. 3, 3a, humerus, external and proximal views; fig. 4,
distal end of radius; fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, tibia, posterior, external, proximal and
distal views; 6, 6a, metatarsus with distal tarsals, posterior and internal vie ws;
6b, proximal view of distal tarsals, 6c, of metatarsus; 6d, distal ends of meta-
tarsals; fig. 7, 7a, patella, anterior and superior views.

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PLATE. ‘CXVIIE

Miocene CANIDH. SKULL OF AYLURODON

Zlurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). From the skeleton Am. Mus. No. 8305, Cope Coll. Upper Miocene,
Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Three-fourths natural size.

Wh

S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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PLATE CXVIlla.

Miocene CANID&. SKELETON OF ASLURODON

Fias. 1-16. lurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). Vertebre of skeleton figured on pll. CXVIII,
CXVIIIb, CXIX. Fig. 1, posterior cervical; figs. 2 to 8, dorsal; figs. 9-15,
lumbar vertebre; fig. 16, pelvis and anterior caudals; figs. 17-19, distal caudal
vertebre.

All three-fourths natural size. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska. Amer.
Mus. No. 8305, Cope Collection. ; 7

P

U.S.GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES.

Fics. 1-7.

PLATE CXVIIIb.

MiocENE CANIDA. SKELETON OF AULURODON

ASlurodon savus (Leidy, 1858). Parts of skeleton figured on pll. CX VIII, CX VIIa,

CXIX. Figs. 1, la, 1b, seapula, external, posterior and proximal views; figs. 2,
2a, ulna, external and anterior views; figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, radius, anterior, internal,
proximal and distal views; figs. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, second metacarpal, anterior, external,
internal and proximal views; fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, fifth metacarpal, anterior,
external, internal, proximal and distal views; fig. 6, 6a, pelvis, right side, inferior
and external views; fig. 7, 7a, 7b, astragalus and caleaneum, internal, external
and distal views. All three-fourths natural size. From the Republican River
beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska, American Museum No. 8305. Cope Collec-
tion.

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Sere6y) ews fT!) aly) a 0
a

PLATE CX

MiIocENE CANIDA. SKELETON OF AYLURODON

Fias. 1-8. Mlurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). Parts of skeleton figured on pll. CX VIII, CXVIIIa,
CXVIIIb. Fig. 1, 1a, 1b, femur, anterior, posterior and internal views; fig. 2,
2c, tibia and fibula, anterior view and distal view of tibia; fig. 3, astragalus and
caleaneum, anterior view; figs. 4, 5, 6, metatarsal bones, third, fourth and fifth,
dorsal internal and external views; fig. 7, proximal phalanx, and fig. 8, middle
phalanx, dorsal and proximal views.

Fria. 9. Atlurodon sevus. Lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8312, Cope Coll., superior view.

Fic. 10. ? dlurodon, milk carnassial, Amer. Mus. No. 8306, Cope Coll., internal, posterior and
superior views.

All specimens from the Republican River beds of Driftwood Creek, Nebraska, and figured three-
fourths the natural size.

SSL BER

Ama) iy hee a

Maer ee SP gs Ap
Pa Cp 1%...

PLATE CXIXa.

JAWS AND SKELETAL PARTS OF MIOCENE CARNIVORA

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
‘Elurodon wheelerianus lurodon wheelerianus
Elurodon hyzenoides ?Brachypsalis hyzenoides
Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus

Frias. 1-3. Mlurodon wheelerianus Cope, 1874. Upper and lower jaws, Amer. Mus. No. 8307,
from Republican River bed of Red Willow Co., Nebraska. About three-fifths
natural size. Fig. 1, external view of upper and lower jaw; fig. 2, inferior, fig. 2a,
anterior view of maxilla; fig. 3, superior view of lower jaw.

The second upper molar, not figured here, was subsequently found among the
fragments and fitted to place. The first molar is incorrectly drawn. The speci-
men was refigured in 1904, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XX, pp. 250-251, figs.
3 and 4.

lia. 5. ?Brachypsalis hyenoides (Cope, 1881). Upper Jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8338.
Republican River bed, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Natural
size.

This species appears to be of Mustelid affinities as shown in the form and con-
struction of the teeth, especially of pt and m!, although it retains a functional m°,
as in the Canidee. It may be the upper dentition of Brachypsalis, which accords
in the proportions of molar and premolar dentition.

Pias. 4&7. Cynodesmus brachypus. Parts of the type skeleton figured on Pl. CXIXb. Figs.
4, 4a, superior and inferior views of axis; fig. 7, astragalus, superior, inferior and
external views.

Fic. 6, unidentified.

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ee. Raison:

PLATE CXIXb.

MiocenrE CANID&®. SKELETON OF CYNODESMUS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus

Fias. 1-9. Cynodesmus brachypus (Cope, 1881). Type specimen Amer. Mus. No. 8140, Cope
Coll., from Miocene beds east of Laramie Peak, Wyoming. Natural size.

Fig. 1, skull and lower jaw side view; fig. 2, cervical vertebra second to sixth;
fig. 3, seventh cervical, lateral and posterior views; figs. 4, 5, 6, lumbar verte-
bre; fig. 7, distal caudals; fig. 8, fifth metatarsal dorsal and plantar views; fig.
9, unidentified.

See also pl. CXIXe and CXIXa.

PON: eran ee

Tey

can River beds) of Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb. It was associated
with Mylagaulus monodon No. 8328, M. sesquipedalis No. 8330 and Eucastor
tortus No. 8333. These specimens were evidently picked up loose, and although
all are weathered in much the same way, it cannot be positively stated that all
are of the same geologic age. The associated specimens are characteristic species
of the late Miocene and early Pliocene fauna; it is probable that the human tooth
has come from some overlying Pleistocene or recent deposit and been dropped
down into the older bed.

PEAT i Xxc.

MIocENE CARNIVORA AND RopEentTIA. HUMAN TOOTH FOUND WITH
Miocene FossIts

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus
Tomarctus brevirostris Tomarctus brevirostris
Lutra lycopotamica ?Sthenictis lycopotamicus
Castor Dipoides ?tortus
Mylagaulus monodon Mylagaulus monodon
Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Mylagaulus sesquipedalis
Palzolagus Lepus sp.
Homo Homo ?sapiens

Figs. 1-3. Cynodesmus brachypus (Cope, 1881). Parts of type skeleton figured on pl. CXTXb.
Miocene, East of Laramie Peak, Wyo. Fig. 1, pelvis sacrum and adjoining
vertebrae, side view, about three-fifths natural size; la ventral view of pelvis.
Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, metacarpal, dorsal, external and internal views. Fig. 3, proximal
phalanx, dorsal, lateral and proximal views.

Fie. 4. Tomarctus brevirostris Cope, 1873. Lower jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8302,
Cope Coll., internal and superior views, natural size. Middle Miocene, Pawnee
Creek beds near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado.

The systematic position of this genus is doubtful. The type is an immature
jaw, the carnassial about half emerged, and the anterior part of the jaw so broken
that it is not at all certain that the premolars were, as Cope considered them,
reduced in number.

Fic. 5. 2Sthenictis lycopotamica (Cope, 1879). Lower jaw, type specimen, internal and superior
views. From Pawnee Creek beds (Middle Miocene) of northeastern Colorado.
The original has been lost. Professor Cope’s descriptions have not sufficed to
determine the affinities of this species, which he referred to Potamogale (Lutric-
tis=). It appears to be related to ‘“Stenogale’’ robusta, Cope, which Peterson
has (1910) made the type of Sthenictis.

Fras. 6-9. Dipoides sp. Figs. 6, 6a, lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8332, Cope Coll., external and
superior views; Fig. 7, lower incisor, external view; Fig. 8, humerus, anterior
view, Fig. 9, caudal vertebra, superior view; all natural size. Republican River
beds, northwestern Kansas.

Fig. 10. Mylagaulus monodon Cope, 1881. Lower premolar, p. 4, Am. Mus. No. 8828, Cope
Coll. Natural size. Republican River bed, Kansas.

Fie. 11. Mylagaulus monodon Cope, 1881. Lower jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8327,
Cope Coll. External, internal and superior views, natural size. Republican
River beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb.

Fic. 12. Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Cope, 1878. Upper premolar, p. 4.

Fig. 13. Lepus sp. Lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8335, Cope Coll. External and superior
views, natural size. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co.,
Neb.

Fig. 14. Homo ? sapiens. Human tooth found in association with upper Miocene mammals.
Amer. Mus. No. 8304, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, northwestern Kansas.
This tooth was collected by Professor Cope’s party on the ‘‘ Loup Fork” (Republi-

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES ‘

I-3.CANIS BRACHYPUS , 4. TOMARCTUS BREVIROSTRIS .5.LUTRA LYCOPOTAMICA.6-9

10-11. MYLAGAULUS

PLATE CCAS

MiocrENE PROBOSCIDEA. SKULL OF TETRALOPHODON

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester

l'etralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Palatal view of skull of type specimen, Amer. Mus.
No. 8527, Cope Coll. From Republican River Bed of Sappa Creek, Rawlins
Co., Kansas. One-half natural size.
See also pll. CXXI, CX XII, CXXIII.

Note on the Nomenclature of Tertiary Mastodons

Gomphotherium Burmeister, 1837, appears to be the earliest available generic name for the four-
tusked mastodons with three transverse crests on the intermediate teeth of
which the type and best known species is G. angustidens (Cuv.) of the European
Miocene. Trilophodon Falconer and Tetrabelodon Cope are based upon the
same species but are of later date. Trilophodon is the name adopted at present
for the publications of the American Museum.

/etralophodon Warren, 1852, applies to the genera with four crests on the intermediate molars,
Mastodon longirostris and arvernensis of Europe being the types.

‘

inetcie 8 Aen Hh Phil

1 j 7 <7 .
7
7

pyc gY Or Deen Gray eas
7 7 « 7

PLATE CXXIL.

Miocenr ProposcipEA. BoNnrES OF TETRALOPHODON

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester

Fics. 1-2. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8527,
Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Sappa Creek, Kansas. Fig. 1, la,
pelvis, inferior and external views; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 2ce, 2d, fifth metacarpal, plantar,
dorsal, internal, proximal and distal views. All one-fourth natural size.

Specimen figured in pll. CXX, CX XII, CXXIII.

Le
Oi 9°

a i a

i<j] ob; 2
Lon Vie a.’ .?

4 va iv i@ A) 2

PLATE -€XxiIL

Mt1ocENE PROBOSCIDEA

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester
Mastodon “ligoniferus”’ (unpub.) ? Tetralophodon sp.

Fras. 1-2. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Part of skull and lower jaw. Type speci-
men, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Sappa
Creek, KKansas. Fig. 1, side view of skull and jaw restored in outline; la, 1b,
cross-sections of upper tusk; fig. 2, lower jaw, superior view. Specimen figured
in pll. CXX, CXXI, CXXIII.

Fics. 3-5. ? Tetralophodon sp. Lower jaw and femur, Amer. Mus. No. 8529, Republican River
beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Fig. 3, 3a, inferior and
anterior views of lower jaw; fig. 5, 5a, external and distal views of femur. Speci-
men figured on pl. CX XIV.

All figures one-fourth natural size.

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PLATE? GXXxill.

M1ocENE PROBOSCIDEA

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester
Mastodon sp. ? Trilophodon (= Gomphotherium) sp.

Fic. 1. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Inferior view of lower jaw of type specimen,
Amer. Mus. No. 8527, figured on pll. CXX-CXXII.

Fic. 2. ? T'rilophodon sp. Basicranial region, from below. Amer. Mus. No. 8520, Cope Coll.
Republican River beds, Kansas.

Fic. 3, 8a. ?Trilophodon sp. Scapula, external and proximal views. Amer. Mus. No. 8540,
Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas.

All figures one-fourth natural size.

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U.S.GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITOR

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PLATE CXXIV.

MirocENE PROBOSCIDEA

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Mastodon ligoniferus ’ Tetralophodon sp.

Fias. 1-2. ?Vetralophodon sp. Allied to Tetralophodon campester. Amer. Mus. No. 8531,
Cope Coll. Black Hills, 8. Dakota, horizon uncertain.

Fia. 1. Lower jaw external view; fig. 2, superior view; fig. 3, ? upper molar; fig. 4, distal end
of femur.

Fig. 3. ? Tetralophodon sp.; upper molar, ? Amer. Mus. No. 8529, Cope Coll. Republican
River beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska. Specimen figured on pl. CX XII.

Fig. 4. ? Tetralophodon sp., distal end of femur of No. 8529. See pl. CX XII.

All one-fourth natural size. The name ligoniferus appears to be unpublished.

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Mrocenr RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MEGALODUS

Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Side view of skull and jaws, half natural size. Type specimen,
Amer. Mus. No. 8292, Cope Coll. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes,
Weld Co., Colorado.

See also Pll. CXXVI-CXXX and CXXXV.

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ae

PLATE (eel:

MrocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MEGALODUS

Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Superior view of skull one-half natural size. Type specimen,
figured on pl. CX XV, CX XVII-CXXX and CXXXV.

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PLATE CXXVIL

Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MEGALODUS

Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Inferior view of skull, one-half natural size. Type specimen,
figured on pll. CXXV-CXXVI, CX XIX-CXXX and CXXXV.

PLA TEA@XEXNIXx,

Miocenr RHINOCEROSES. VERTEBRA OF APHELOPS

Fias. 1-4. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Cervical vertebre, two-fifths natural size. Type
specimen, No. 8292, from Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co.,
Colorado.

Fig. 1, la. Atlas, lateral and inferior views; fig. 2, 2a, 2c, axis, lateral, in-
ferior and posterior views; fig. 3, 3a, 3b, third, cervical vertebra, lateral, inferior
and anterior views; fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, fourth cervical vertebra, lateral, inferior,
anterior and posterior views.

Fie. 5, 5a. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Distal end of ulna, paratype, No. 8293, figured
on pl. CXXX.

Fies. 6-7. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). No. 8293a, specimen figured on pl. CXXX,
proximal views of metacarpals.

All figures two-fifths natural size.

PLATE ACO

Miocene Rurnoceroses. Limp anp Foot BoNESs or APHELOPS

Fras. 1-15. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld
Co., Colorado.

Figs. 1-3. Amer. Mus. No. 82938a, Cope Coll. Fig. 1, la, 1b, second meta-
carpal, anterior, external and internal views; fig. 2, 2a, fourth metacarpal, anterior
and external views; fig. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, radius, anterior, external, proximal and dis-
tal views.

Figs. 4-15. Amer. Mus. No. 8293, Cope Coll., paratype. Back of skull fig-
ured on pl. CX XXIV.

Fig.4. Proximal end of second metacarpal; fig. 5, 5a, head of tibia, posterior
and proximal views; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, distal end of tibia, anterior, distal and internal
views; fig. 7, 7a, hind foot, dorsal and external views; fig. 8, caleaneum, dorsal
view; figs. 9, 9a, astragalus, plantar and distal views; fig. 10, cuboid, internal
view; fig. 11, navicular, distal view; fig. 12, metatarsals, proximal view; fig. 13,
second metatarsal internal view; fig. 14a, 14b, third metatarsal, internal and ex-
ternal views; fig. 15, fourth metatarsal, internal view.

All figures two-fifths natural size.

PLATE OO.

Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF TELEOCERAS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Aphelops fossiger Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger

Teleoceras fossiger (Cope, 1878). Side view of skull one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No.
8383, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. Specimen
figured on pll. CX XXII and CXXXIV.

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PLATE CXXXIL

Miocenr RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF TELEOCERAS

Nomenclature \

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Aphelops fossiger Teleoceras fossiger

Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Top view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Amer.
Mus. No. 8383, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas.
Specimen figured on pll. CXXXI and CXXXIV,

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PLATE CXXXIII.

MiocenE RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF TELEOCERAS

Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger Cope, 1878. Palatal view of skull, two-fifths natural size.
Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8390, Cope Coll. Republican River beds,
Decatur Co., Kansas. Specimen figured on pl.-CXXXV.

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PLATE CXXXIV.

MioceNE RHINOCEROSES. SKULLS OF APHELOPS AND TELEOCERAS

Fig. 1. Teleoceras (= Husyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Occipital view of skull. Amer. Mus.
No. 8383, figured on pll. CX XXI-CXXXII.

Fia. 2. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Top view of skull. Amer. Mus. Cope
Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas.

Fic. 3. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1878. Occipital view of incomplete skull. Amer. Mus. No.
8383, Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Specimen figured on
pl. CXXIX and CXXX.

All figures two-fifths natural size.

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PLATE (Qo.

MroceNr RHINOCEROSES. SKULLS OF APHELOPS AND TELEOCERAS

Fig. 1. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Skull and lower jaws, occipital view, one-third natural
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8292, Cope Coll., figured on pl. CX XV-
CXXX. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado.

Fic. 2. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Skull, occipital view, one-third natural
size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8390, Cope Coll., figured on pl. CX XXIII.

PLATERCXX XV:

Miocene RHINOCEROSES. VERTEBRA OF TRELEOCERAS

~

Nomenclature

Fries. 1-6. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). .Cervical and dorsal vertebre,
two-fifths natural size. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Republican River beds, De-

eatur Co., Kansas.

PLATE SOX VI

Miocene Ruinoceroses. Limp anp Foot Bones or TELEOCERAS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Aphelops (in part) Teleoceras

Fies. 1-7. Pelvis and foot bones chiefly of T'eleoceras fossiger. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Re-
publican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas.

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Miocent RHINOCEROSES.

Fries. 1-9.

PLATE CXXXVIII.

Limb and foot-bones chiefly of Teleoceras fossiger.
publican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas.

Amer. Mus. Cope Coll.

Lims anp Foot Bones oF TELEOCERAS

Re-

PLAWE CXS

Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS

Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1879. Side view of skull one-half natural size. Type specimen,
Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Hitchcock Co.,
Nebraska. Specimen figured on pll. CXL-CXLI.

US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORE
ee
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PLATE Cx

Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS

Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Superior view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type speci-

men, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll.
Specimen figured on pl. CXLI.

Republican River beds, Nebraska.

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PEATE CX:

Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS

Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Palatal view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type speci-
men, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds of Nebraska.
Specimen figured on pl. CXL.

PLATES. @xiih

Miocenr Ruroceroses. Bones or APHELOPS MALACORHINUS

Fias. 1-6. Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Skeleton bones referred to this species by
Professor Cope. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Nebraska.

Fig. 1, 1a, 1b, pelvis, anterior, posterior and external views, one-fourth natural
size; fig. 2, 2a, tibia, anterior and distal views, two-fifths nature; figs. 3-6, dorsal
and a cervical vertebra, two-fifths nature.

These specimens were presumably referred to this species on account of their
being found associated with the type or some referred skull material of A. mala-
corhinus; but the record of such association has been lost, and a search through
the published references, field records and other possible sources of information
has failed to recover any conclusive evidence upon it. The association of skull
and skeletal parts in the related species A. ceratorhinus Douglass indicates how-
ever that these bones are correctly referred to A. malacorhinus. (W.D.M.).

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PEATE CEH

MiocENE RHINOCEROSES
SKULL AND SKELETAL Parts oF APHELOPS ? MALACORHINUS

Fics. 1-7. Remains of Rhinoceroses, part or all referable to Aphelops malacorhinus. Amer.

Mus. Cope Coll. Republican River Bed, Kansas or Nebraska.

Fig. 1. Humerus, anterior view.

Fig. 2. Part of maxilla.

Fig, 3. Aphelops malacorhinus, occipital view of skull. -Paratype, Amer.
Mus. No. 8439, Cope Coll.

Fig. 4, 4a. Cervical vertebra, lateral and inferior views.

Fig. 5, 5a, 5b. Ulna, probably A. malacorhinus, external, anterior and distal
views. No. 8382.

Fig. 6, 6a. Proximal and distal ends of femur.

Fig. 7, 7a, 7b. Astragalus, dorsal, plantar and distal views.

PLATE CX

MiocENr RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF PERACERAS

Peraceras superciliosus Cope, 1880. Side view of skull, one-half natural size. Type specimen,
Amer. Mus. No. 8380. Republican River beds, Nebraska.
Specimen figured on pl. CXLIVb.

PLATE C

rt

PLATE CXLIVb.

Miocene R#HINOCEROSES. SKULL OF PERACERAS

‘Peraceras superciliosus Cope, 1880. Top view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type specimen,
No. 8380, figured on pl. CXLIV.

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CO

THE TERRITORIES

PLATESGXEY.

Miocene Equip. SKULL OF MrRYCHIPPUS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Hippotherium speciosum (in part) Merychippus sp.

Fras. 1-8. Merychippus sp. Skull, lateral, palatal and superior views, one-half natural size.
Amer. Mus. No. 8347, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek,
Hitchcock Co., Nebraska.

Pia. 4. Merychippus sp. Fourth premolar and first molar of No. 8347, natural size, crown view.

PLATE CXLVIL

Miocene Equip®. SKULL AND Bones or MERYCHIPPUS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Hippotherium seversum (in part) Merychippus isonesus

Fias. 1-8. Merychippus isonesus (Cope, 1889). Skull and parts of skeleton, figured also on
pl. CXLVIII. All one-half natural size except fig. 16. Type specimen, Amer.
Mus. No. 8175, Cope Coll. Mascall formation, Cottonwood Creek, John Day
Valley, Oregon.
Fig. 1, 1a, skull, lateral and palatal views; fig. 1b, two upper molars, m!~?
of the right side, natural size; fig. 2, 2a, atlas, superior and posterior views; fig.
3, sacrum, inferior view; fig. 4, pelvis, inferior view; figs. 5, 6, proximal and
distal views of femur; figs. 7, 8, proximal and distal views of tibia; fig. 9, inferior
view of astragalus.

PLATE -€xX iby alr

Miocenrg Equip#®. SKELETON OF MERYCHIPPUS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Hippotherium seversum (in part) Merychippus isonesus
Hippotherium sphenodus Merychippus sphenodus

Fies. 1-8. Merychippus isonesus Cope, 1889. Parts of skeleton with skull figured on pl. CXLVI1.
One-half natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8175, Cope Coll. Mas-
call formation, Cottonwood Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon.

Fig. 1. Pelvis, external view; fig. 2, 2a, femur, anterior and posterior views;
fig. 3, 3a, tibia, anterior and posterior views; fig. 4, hind foot, dorsal view; fig. 5,
5a, internal and external views; figs. 6, 6a, navicular, proximal and distal views;
fig. 7, 7a, ectocuneiform, proximal and distal views; fig. 8, metatarsals and
phalanges, internal view; 8a, 8b, proximal and distal views of metatarsus.

Fras. 9-10. Merychippus sphenodus Cope, 1889. Upper premolars, crown view, natural size.
Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8281, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, Pawnee
Buttes, Colorado.

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PLATE CXLVIIla.

Miocenr Equip#. TrmnTH AND Brain Cast OF MERYCHIPPUS, ETC.

Fic.

Fic.
HirGeame

Fia.

Fias. 5-7.

Fig. 8, 8a.

Fias. 9-11.

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Hippotherium sphenodus Merychippus sphenodus
Protohippus (in part) Protohippus sp., aff. perditus
Protohippus perditus (in part) Merychippus sejunctus
Protohippus insignis (Cope, non Leidy) Merychippus labrosus ete.
Protohippus sejunctus (in part) Merychippus isonesus
Hippidium spectans Pliohippus spectans

Merychippus ? sphenodus (Cope, 1889). Upper premolars; paratype, natural size,

Amer. Mus. No. 828la, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, Colorado.

? Merychippus, unidentified specimen, upper molars.
Merychippus sejunctus. Upper teeth, natural size, crown view. Amer. Mus. No.

8254, Cope Coll., recorded as ‘‘East of Laramie Peak, Wyoming.”

Protohippus sp., aff. perditus. Upper teeth, crown view, natural size. Am. Mus. No.

8340, Cope Coll., Republican River Bed, Nebraska. Hind foot of this individual
figured on pl. CXLIX.

Type specimens of Protohippus labrosus Cope, Amer. Mus. No. 8266, Pawnee Creek

Bed, Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Fig. 5, upper teeth, crown view, natural size;
fig. 6, 6a, lower jaw external and superior views, half natural size; fig. 7, upper
jaw, half natural size, external view. Part of this specimen is now missing, only
the lower jaw (fig. 6) being identifiable. This lower jaw is a composite of two
individuals, the symphysis belonging certainly to a different individual and
probably to a distinct species from the remainder of the jaw, which along with the
upper teeth figured here (fig. 5) but now lost, agrees very nearly with Merychippus
sejunctus. The symphysis, however, which in conformity with the author’s
description and evident intent must be regarded as the primary basis of the
species and selected as lectotype, is clearly distinct from M. sejunctus and cannot
be correlated with any of the better known species. W.D.M., 1913.

Merychippus isonesus, natural braincast, lateral and superior views. From the

specimen figured on pl. CXLIX. Amer. Mus. No. 8105, Cope Coll., Deep River
beds, Deep River (Smith Creek), Montana.

Pliohippus spectans (Cope, 1880). Upper teeth, natural size, type specimen,
Amer. Mus. No. 8183, Cope Coll., Maseall formation, Cottonwood Creek, John
Day Basin, Oregon. Fig. 9, 9a, first or second, upper molar, crown and anterior
views; fig. 10, second upper premolar crown view; fig. 11, upper incisor, crown
view.

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SHIYMOLMYEAL HHL 10 AGASNS TVOIDO'TORD Sn

PATE CXL

Limp AND Foot Bones or MiocENnE EQuips®

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Protohippus sejunctus (in part) Merychippus isonesus
Protohippus perditus Protohippus sp. aff. perditus
Hippidium ? pernix ? Hipparion sp.

Fics. 14. Merychippus ? isonesus (Cope, 1889). Limb and foot bones with skull. Amer.
Mus. No. 8105, Cope Coll., Deep River beds, Deep River (Smith Creek), Montana.
Fig. 1, la, ulno-radius, anterior and external views, one-half natural size; fig. 2,
2a, 2b, 2c, fore foot, anterior and external views, with proximal and distal views of
metatarsus half natural size; fig. 3, proximal view of magnum and unciform with
part of metacarpal III, two-thirds natural size; fig. 4, proximal view of tibia,
one-half nature. See also pl. CXLVIIIa.

Vic. 5-6. Protohippus sp. aff. perditus. Parts of skeleton associated with upper jaw figured
on pl. CXLVITIa, Am. Mus. No. 8340, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, of
Nebraska. Fig. 5, pelvis, inferior view; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, anterior, internal, proximal
views of median metatarsal; both one-half natural size.

Fic. 7. Atlas, unidentified (not Equid).

Fic. 8. ? Hipparion sp. Metatarsal III and proximal phalanx, anterior and external views and
proximal view of metatarsal, one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8357, Cope
Coll. Republican R. beds, Nebraska. (The specimen includes remains of more
than one individual and no teeth are associated, so that the reference is wholly
doubtful. It has the proportions of the American species of Hipparion but is
exceptional among them in the tarso-metatarsal articulation).

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PLATE CL:

Miocenre Equipa. SKULL OF MERYCHIPPUS

Nomenclature

Cope 1880-8 Revised 1915
Protohippus sejunctus Merychippus sejunctus

Fries. 1-3. Merychippus sejunctus (Cope, 1874). Skull of type specimen, lateral, palatal and
3 superior views, one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8291, Cope Coll., Pawnee
Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado.

Skeleton parts figured on pl. CLI.

Ay

PEA TE -Ciek

Miocene Equip®. SKELETON Parts oF MrERYCHIPPUS

Fias. 1-14. Merychippus sejunctus Cope, 1874. Skeletal parts of type specimen, skull figured
on pl. CL. All one-half natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 8291, Pawnee Creek beds,
near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado.

Fig. 1, lower jaw, superior view; fig. 2, 2a, atlas, superior and inferior views; fig.
odontoid 2b, process of axis; fig. 3, 3a, third cervical vertebra, inferior and posterior
views; fig. 4, 4a, seventh cervical, anterior and inferior views; fig. 5, 5a, first dorsal,
anterior and lateral views; 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, humerus, anterior, external, proximal
and distal views; 7, 7a, 7b, tibia, anterior, external and distal views; figs. 8-14,
hind foot, anterior and external views, 8b, inferior view of astragalus, 8c, 9b, of
caleaneum and astragalus, 10b, proximal view of navicular and cuboid, 11b, 11c,
proximal and distal views of metatarsus, 12b, proximal view of proximal phalanx;
13b, of second phalanx, 14b, 14c, proximal and inferior views of ungual phalanx.

The humerus and tibia here figured were found in the Cope Collection with
No. 8251, a specimen which Cope referred to Protohippus perditus, and which is
now (1913) referred to Merychippus ? sphenodus. It appears probable that parts
of the type skeleton of No. 8291 had become mixed with No. 8251, but the two
individuals are §0 closely allied specifically that I am unable to clear up the
confusion,

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PROTO HI

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PEATE. CLI

MiocENE CAMELID

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Protolabis transmontanus Miolabis transmontanus
Protolabis heterodontus Protolabis heterodontus

Fics. 1, 2. Miolabis transmontanus (Cope, 1879). Skull, lateral and palatal views, two-thirds
natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8196, Cope Coll., from Mascall
formation of Cottonwood Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon.

Fias. 3, 4. Prololabis heterodontus (Cope, 1874). Upper and lower jaws, side’ view, and palatal
view of upper jaw, two-thirds natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No.
8296, Cope Coll., from Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co.,
Colorado.

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SIREN,

PLATE Clie

SKULL AND Jaws oF Miocene CAMELS

Nomenclature
Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915
Procamelus angustidens Cope 1872 = Protolabis angustidens Cope
“Procamelus angustidens” Cope 1881 = Procamelus inzequidens sp. nov.

Fic. 1. Procamelus inequidens sp.nov. Side view of skull and jaws, No. 8446, type, from Upper
Miocene, Republican R. beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska.
This skull was referred by Cope to P. angustidens, but differs from topotypes of
that species in the absence of the upper incisors and other characters of less
moment.

Fias. 2, 3. Inferior and superior views of same skull.

Fia. 4. Protolabis angustidens Cope, 1872. Lower jaws, type specimen, superior view. From
Middle Miocene (Pawnee Creek beds) near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Cope
Coll., Am. Mus. No. 8294.

PROCAMELUS ANGUSTIDEN, jOPE. +

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