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THE
HOME FLORIST:
A TREATISE ON THE
CULTIVATION, MANAGEMENT AND ADAPTABILITY
OF
nOWERING AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,
DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF
AMATEUR FLORISTS.
By ELIA8 A. LONG,
Author of "Ornaimental Gardening for Americans."
RE VISED AND ENLARGED.
1 Llvl T STR ATED,
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.
CHAS. A. REESER, Seedsman and Florist,
PUBLISHER.
1885.
634-
.4
L85
ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, iN THE YEAR 1885,
By C. a. REESER,
IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON,
W) UNION AND ADVERTISER CD'S PRIMT, »)?*•
ivy^ ROCHESTER, N. Y. ^^
IN DEX.
PAGE.
Abelia 124
Abutilon 125
Acalypha 126
Achania 127
Achillea 127
Achimenes 127
Achyranthus 127
Acroclinium 128
Adam's Needle 308
i.gapanthus 128
Agave 129
Ageratum 129
Agrostemma. . . 130
Airing House Plants 47
Akebia 130
AUamanda 131
Aloysia 131
Alternanthera 132
Althea 132
Alyssum 133
Amaranthus^ 133
Amaryllis 134
Amateur's Conservatory 55
American Pampas 192
Ammobium 134
Amomum 135
Amorphophallus , 135
Ampelopsis 135
Anemone 136
Animated Oats 137
Anthericum 137
Antirrhinum 137
Annuals described 122
Aphis or Green Flv 47
Aquilegia 139
Ardisia 139
Aristolochia 139
Armeria 1 39
Artillery Plant 281
Asclepias 139
Aspidistra 140
Astiibe 142
Aster 140
Aucuba 228
Azalea 142
Balm 144
Balsam 142
Banana 259
Begonia 144
' ' Showy Leaf 149
" Tuberous rooted 150
Beginners, advice to 7
Bellis perennis 187
Biennials, what are 123
Bignonia 150
Bonapartia 150
Bougainvillea 150
Boussingaultia 151
Bouvardia 151
Browallia 153
Brugmansia 153
Bryophyllum 154
Bulbs, autumn planting of 32
" culture in glasses, pots, &c. 52
Buttercup 286
Cacalia .* 154
Cactus 155
Cactus Dahlia 186
Caladium 155
Calandrinia 155
Calceolaria 1 "56
PAGE.
Calendula 157
California Poppy 193
Calla 157
Calla, Spotted 288
Calliopsis 158
Calycanthus 159
Camellia 159
Campanula 160
Campsidium 161
Campyiobotrys 161
Canary Bird Flo v\ er 300
Candytuft 161
Canna 161
Cape Marigold 157
Cape Jasmine 245
Cardinal Flower 253
Carnation 162
Carpet Bag Flower 156
Castor Oil Bean 288
Celosia 165
Centaurea 165
Centradenia 166
Century Plant 129
Cereus 166
Cestrum 167
Cherianthus 307
Chorozema 167
Chrysanthemum 168
Cigar Plant 182
Cineraria 171
Cissus Discolor 171
Citrus 270
Clarkia 171
Clematis 172
Clerodendron 173
Cocoloba 174
Cockscomb 165
Coix Lachryma 229
Coleus 174
Columbine 139
Cold Frames 28
Cold Pits for Winter 34
Convolvulus 177
Conservatory, Amateurs 56
Heating 57
Plans with cost 57
Small 57, 59
Summer Management 63
Winter Management 61
Convallaria 251
Comparative Value of Plants 124
Coral Tree 193
Coreopsis 158
Crape Myrtle 245
Crocus 178
Crotons 179
Crown Imperial 182
Crowfoot 286
Cuphea 182
Cups and Saucers 283
Cuttings, Propagation from 35
Cyclamen." 182
Cyperus... 183
Cypress Vine 239
Cytisus 184
Daffodil 262
Dahlia 185
Daisy 187
Daphne 188
Deutzia 189
Delphinium 188
11
INDEX.
PAGE.
Devil-in-a-bush 264
Dew Plant 256
Dianthus ; 189
Dicentra 190
Dieffenbachia 190
Digitalis 190
Dracena 191
Drives ... 19
Dutchman's Pipe 139
Dwarf Morning Glory 177
Easter Lily 134
Echevena 191
Eranthemum 192
Epiphyllum 155
Erianthus 192
Erysimum 193
Erythrina 193
Escholtzia 193
Ethiopian Lily 157
Eucharis 193
Eulalie 193
Euonymus 194
Eupatorium 195
Everlasting Flowers 195, 230
Evening Glory 230
Fabiana 196
Farfugium 196
Ferns 196
Feather Grass 229
Fertilizers for pot plants 49
Ferneries 51
Feverfew 197
Ficus 198
Fittonia 229
Flora's Paint Brush 154
Floriculture, open air 21
Floriculture, work of each week 310
Flower Beds, locating n
Beds for constant cutting. . 24
Designs for 20
Manuring 26
Mixed bo'-ders 24
Planting in masses 21
Ribbon beds 23
The soil 25
Flower de Luce 239
Flowering Maple 125
Forget-Me-Not 260'
Forsythia 198
Fountain Plant 134
Four O'clock 258
Fox Glove 190
Fritillaria .; 182
Frozen Plants, how to treat 51
Fuchsias 199
Double varieties 201
Single varieties 200
Winter-blooming 203
Funkia 203
Galanthus 203
Gardenia 242, 245
Gazania 204
Geraniums 205
Double 211
Golden Bronze 223
Golden Tricolor 218
Ivy-leaved 216
Lady Washington 274
Scented and Cut-leaved 222
Silver-leaved 220
Single or Horseshoe 206
PAGE.
Gesneria 225
Gillyflower 295
Gladiolus 225
Gloxinias 227
Glycine 308
Gnaphalium 227
Godetia 227
Golden Bell 198
Gold Dust Shrub 228
Golden Feather 198
Goldfussia 228
Gomphrena 228
Grading and Leveling 15
Grasses for Drying 228
Gymnostachyum 229
Gynerium 229
Gypsophila 230
Habrothamnus 230
Hanging Baskets 38
Plants for 40
Heart's Ease 272
Hedera 240
Helianthus .... 230
Helichrysum 230
Heliotrope 231
Helipterum 232
Hesperis 232
Heterocentron 232
Hibiscus - 232
Hotbeds 28
House, Plant culture about the 42
Hollyhock 234
Honeysuckle 234
Hoya 235
Hyacinth 235
Hydrangea 236
Ice Plant 256
Impatiens 237
India Rubber Tree 198
Insects 47i 63
Angie Worms. ... 49
Aphis or Green Fly 47, 63
Injurious to Roses 117
Mealy Bug 47 ■, 64
Red Spider 47, 64
Scale 49, 64
Introduction 6
Ipomoea ■ 238
Iris 239
Isolepsis 240
Ivy 240
Ivy, German or Parlor 293
1 vy, Kenilworth 252
Ixora. . 242
Japonica 159
Japanese Chrysanthemum . . 169
Japanese Maize 242
Jasmine 242
Jerusalem Cherry 294
Jessamine 242
Job's Tears 229
Jonquil 262
Joseph's Coat 134
Justicia 245
Kleinia 245
Lady's Ear Drop 19Q
Lady in the Green 264
Lady's Slipper 142
Lagerstroemia 245
Landscape Gardening, Notes of . . . 9
Breadth 10
INDEX.
Ill
PAGE,
Landscape Gardening-, Flower
Beds, designs for 20
Flower Beds, locating 11
Gradingand Leveling 15
Planning the Work. . . 13
The Lawn 17
The House 10
Things to be avoided 12
Tree Planting 17
Trees an d Shrubs 11
Walks 13
Walks and Drives 19
What is desirable in a place. . 9
Lantana 245
Larkspur 188
Lathyrus 297
Laurestinus 247
Lavendula 247
Lawn, The 17
Seeding- down 18
Sodding 19
Layering-, Propagation by 36
Lemon 270
Lemon Verbena 131
Leptosiphon ... 247
Libonia 248
Lifting Plants 32, 33
Lily 248
Lily of the Amazon 193
Lily, Calla or Ethiopica 157
Lily of the Valley 251
Lily, Water 264
Lilium 248
Linaria 252
Linum 252
Lobelia 252
Lonicera 234
Lopezia 253
Lophospermum 253
Lotus 253
Love Lies Bleeding 190
Lupine 254
Lupinus 254
Lychnis 254
Lycopodium 292
Lysimachia 255
Lythrum 255
Madeira Vine 151
Maherni .i 255
Maize 242
Manettia 255
Manuring Flower Beds 26
Maranta 255
Mangold 256
Maurandia 256
Melissa 144
Mesembryanthemum 256
Meyenia 257
Mignonette 257
Mildew 64
" On Roses 118
Mimosa 258
Mimulus , 258
Mirabilis 258
Mock Orange 279
Moccasin Flower 156
Moisture, Maintaining 47
Moneywort 255
Monkey Flower 258
Montbretia 259
Moon Flower 239
Morning Glory 177
Mourning Bride 2qi
Musa 259
Musk Plant 258
Myosotis 260
Myrsiphyllum 260
Myrtle 262
Myrtus 262
Narcissus 262
Nasturtium 299
Nemopbila 263
Nierembergia 263
Nerium 265
Nigella 264
Night Blooming Cereus 166
Nymphsea 264
Olea 265
Oleander 265
Olive 265
Orange 270
Orchids 266
Othonna 270
Oxalis 271
Pseonia 271
Palms 27r
Pampas Grass 229
Pampas, American 192
Panicum 272
Pansy 272
Papaver 284
Passion Flower 274
Passiflora 274
Pea Flowering 297
Pelargonium 205 , 274
Pentstemon 276
Peperom ia 276
Peristrophe 276
Perennials, What are 123
Petunia 276
Philadelphus 279
Phlox 279
Pilea 281
Pilogyne 281
Pinks 281
Pittosporum 282
Planting Roses, a new method of. . 120
Plants, House, managing, etc 42
Description of 40, 122
Do Plants poison the air of
rooms 55
Frozen, How to Treat 51
Keeping clean 49
Planning Gardens 13
Plantain Lily 203
Plumbago 282
Poinsettia 282
Polemonium 283
Polyanthus 283
Polyanthus Narcissus 262
Polygonum 283
Pomegranate 283
Pond Lily 264
Poppy 2S4
Poppy, Californian 193
Portulaca 284
Potentilla 285
Primula 283
Primula 285
Prince's Feather 134
Propagation 35, 63
' Protection for House Plants 46
IV
INDEX.
PAGE.
Protection for Roses 119
Pruning House Plants 49
Pruning- Roses 117
Pyrethrum 197
Ragged Robin 254
Ranunculus 286
Reineckia 287
Removal of Matured Flowers 31
Reseda 257
Rhodanthe 287
Rhododendron 287
Rhyncosoermum ..... 288
Richardi'a 288
Ricinus 288
Rivinia 289
Rondeletia 289
Rose Garden, the 116
For Pot-culture and Winter-
blooming 121
Insects Injurious to 117
Mildew and Rust on 118
New method of Planting 120
Protection during Winter 119
Pruning 117
Rose of Sharon 132
Roses, Cultivation and managem'nt 116
Roses, Pot Fertilizer for . . 50
Roses 65
Bourbon 85, 87
Bengal or China 85, 90
Climbing 68, 79
Hardy 67
Hybrid Perpetual 67, 68
Hvbrid Tea 86, no
June or Summer 68, 82
Moss .. 68, 80
Noisette 86, 107
Polyantha 87, 114
Prairie 70
Tea-scented 85, 92
Tender— Monthly 84
Rosemarinus 289
Rosemary 289
Ruellia 289
Russelia 289
Rust on Roses 118
Salvia 290
Salpiglossis 289
Sanchezia 291
Saucer System of Propagation.. .. 38
Saxif raga 291
Scabiosa 291
Schizophragma 237
Scultelaria 291
Sea Pink 139
Sedum 292
Seed-beds 28
Seeding down Lawns 18
Seeds, Sowing 27
Selaginella 292
Selection of Plants 44
Sempervivum 393
Senecio 293
Sensitive Plant 258
Slips, Propagation from 35
Smilax 260
Snapdragon 137
Snowdrop 203
SoJding . 19
Soil The; Preparation and Treatm't 25
Trenching 26
PAGE.
Solanum 293
Sowing Seeds 27, 312
Spirea 294
Spirea Japonica 142
Stephanotis 294
Slevia.. 294
Streplosolen 297
Stock 295
Summer Culture 30
Summer Watering 30
Summer Management of Conserva-
tory 63
Sunflower 230
Sweet Alyssum 133
Sweet Pea 297
Sweet-scented Shrub i sg
Sweet William 190
Tabernaemontana 298
Tagetes 256
Tecoma 298
Temperature 44
Thunbergia 298
Thyme ... 299
Tiger Flower 299
Tigridia 299
Torenia 299
Tradescantia 299
Transplanting 30
Trees and Shrubs, locating n
Planting 17
Trellises, Plants for 40
Trenching 26
Tritoma 302
Tropeeolum 299
Trumpet Creeper 150
Tuberose 301
Tulip 300
Vallota 302
Vases, Garden ... 38
Plants for 40
Verbena 303
Veronica 304
V^iburnum 305
Viola Tricolor 272
Violet 306
Virginia Creeper 135
Virginian Stock, 305
Walks 19
Wall Flower 307
Wandering Jew 299
Wardian Cases 51
Watering, Summer 30
House Plants 47
Water Lily 264
Wax Plant 235
Weigela 307
Window Boxes 43
Window Plant Culture 42
Wmier-blooming, Roses for 121
Winter Culture of House Plants,. . 44
Winter Flowering, Preparing
plants for 31
Winter Managm't of Conservatory 6j
Winter Plant Quarters, the 44
Wistaria 308
Woodbine 234
Work arranged by weeks 310
Xeranthemum 308
Yucca 308
Zebra Grass 194
Zinnia 308
Preface to the Revised Edition.
When the Home Florist was written, ten years ago, I did not
realize that it was destined to fill the useful place in the garden-
ing literature of our country, which it has done by the kindness
of a most forbearing public, towards its many and conspicuous
shortcomings. The original work was written hastily in snatches
of time between the pressing duties of a complicated business,
and was always far from satisfactory to me, owing to its many
faults, mostly due to hasty composition. In the present revision
pains have been taken to make amends for past defects, while
considerable new matter has also been added. The work now
goes forth in the belief that it will more fully than it ever could
in the past, meet the demand for information on the subject of
flower growing about the home, and adapted to the wants of
amateurs.
Eli AS A. Loisg.
Buffalo, N. Y., July 19, 1884.
INTRODUCTION.
'THE cultivation of plants for the sake of their beautiful flow-
-■■ ers, and other attractions, has from the earliest ages received at-
tention wherever civilization has made some progress. Floriculture
as an art, however, is so susceptible to influences of climate, soil,
heat, cold and other conditions, that, notwithstanding it may claim
antiquity, anything like general progress in all lands has been
impeded by reason of this very fact. Whatever knowledge may
have been gained in the art, during one age or in one country,
when apnlied to another, is found to be practically useful only to
the extent in which it finds a state of adaptability in the other.
Hence, it may be said that in each nation the practice of Flori-
culture is peculiar, and differing from that of every other nation.
In our own country the cultivation of plants and flowers has
only of late years received any great degree of attention. While
from the first it was, of course, realized that the practice must be
somewhat distinct from that of other countries, now after some
years of practical schooling, we may claim to have adopted a
system which is entitled to be considered in the fullest sense, as
American. It has been only about twenty years since a general
manifestation of interest in Floriculture, by the masses of people,
has been apparent, but from a preceptible awakening, about that
time, there has been a continual and rapid increase, until now,
when we find nearly everybody devoting more or less attention to
the culture of flowers.
What is felt to be the greatest need of the day in the further
promotion of Floriculture, is the more general dissemination of
correct knowledge concerning the kinds of plants and flowers
most suitable for the American cultivator, and also regarding
their culture, all brought down to such a simple matter as to be
adapted to the wants of inexperienced amateurs. It is with an
appreciation of such a need that the author and publisher of the
present work take pleasure in presenting it to the public, as a book
THE HOME FLORIST. 7
of instruction, relative to the proper means of managing many
kinds of plants used for the adornment of American homes. It
is designed to aid all classes of cultivators, but especially those
who aspire to the rearing of a choicer class of plants and flowers
than are common in perhaps the majority of homes where Flori-
culture is now receiving attention ; aiming to carry those who
adopt its teachings over obstacles which tend to cause failure and
discouragement, and to promote an interest in every plant that
is cultivated.
A good indication of progress in amateur Floriculture is shown
at the present time, in the fact that the people are learning that
more than only seeds, or bulbs, or plants alone, are required for
beautifying gardens and homes with flowers ; that in the best
kept gardens judicious selections of some of each should be used
for producing the finest results. No matter, scarcely, to how
limited an extent the culture of flowers is engaged in, it can be
better done, and becomes more interesting, by including in the stock
cultivated, perennial greenhouse plants, hardy bidbs, tubers and
seed-grown plants — than by limiting the stock to varieties of any
one class. Even where the stock must be purchased from the
florist and seedsmen, this rule will hold good, no matter how small
is the amount to be invested. I have seen gardens where none
but annuals and other seed-grown plants were employed, which
were beautiful during the entire summer season, and I always
advise persons who expend but little for floral decorations to de-
pend largely on these for their flowers. But where richness of
color, exquisite fragrance, and strong contrasts in foliage are
sought, some green-house plants and bulbs are also required.
Planting even a few scarlet Geraniums, Lantanas, Gladiolus,
Heliotropes, Hyacinths and other hardy bulbs, monthly Roses
and others along with the seed-grown kinds, will add to the grounds
a brilliancy of coloring and afford an abundance of bloom daily
from early in the spring until October, and with many, even in
November, which would be impossible with seed-grown things
alone. It is also a great feat to nicely stock a hanging basket,
vase or window box without the use of green-house plants.
New beginners sometimes have over-ambitious ideas in regard
to selecting stock for their flrst attempts. It is a poor plan for
such to invest largely in all kinds of stock found m the catalogues
as a first step. Let them begin by selecting sorts that are known
THE HOME FLORIST.
to be easily grown, and then gain all the information possible
relative to treatment, soil, time of sowing, etc., and be sure to
devote to these their best attention the season through. Thus it
will be found that even a few choice plants, besides the product
from half a dozen packets of flower seeds will give far more real
enjoyment to the cultivator than a hundred things in a neglected
condition, through ignorance of what they need. And let me
warn even the most careful new beginners that they must expect
to meet with some little difficulties and drawbacks, which, by
unpropitious weather, or other causes, always will attend flcri-
cultural operations. In these the young florist who has a love
for the work and its fruits should find no cause for being discour-
aged. The most skilful florist has always something to learn ;
and no mistake will be made but you will be wiser for it, and the
better prepared for future emergencies. Success, gained at the
expense of slight failures and inconveniences, will be enjoyed the
more for them afterwards. After each succeeding season's expe-
rience you will see the safety of striking out more boldly in pur-
chases and plans, and each year will place you higher up that
scale to perfection which every cultivator of flowers aspires to.
Buffalo, N. Y., October, 1874. E. A. L.
THE HOME FLORIST.
Notes on Landscape Gardening.
As being somewhat distinct from laying out large grounds,
parks, etc., the present chapter is devoted to that more limited
branch of rural adornment about homes, in which the majority
of people outside of the crowded parts of large cities are inter-
ested, and the planning of which usually devolves upon the own-
ers or occupants. That a marked degree of incongruity and dull
ness exists in the ground improvements of the majority of Amer-
ican homes cannot be denied, but this perhaps arises oftener from
lack of useful information, ignorance of correct principles, and
through not fully realizing the importance of thoroughly execut-
ing work of this nature, than from any real want of apj)reciation
of w^hat is tasteful and elegant in ornamental gardening in the
minds of the people.
What is Desirable in a Place.— To be most delightful, a
place of residence should be surrounded with ground of sufficient
area to devote some parts to a fine lawn, others to flower beds,
shrubbery, trees, etc., in groups or singly, and then the necessary
walks and drives, besides it may be arbors, fountains, a conserva-
tory, rockeries, fern gardens, lakelets, etc. The area need not be
very extensive to allow of some or all of these and be rendered
very attractive, provided tlie arrangement is in good taste, and
all operations which contribute to the improvements are thor-
oughly performed, and the after care is what it should be.
lO THE HOME FLORIST.
In all cases of improving grounds the house should be considered
as the chief feature with which we have to deal, and the chief
point of vision in a place. When the house is already present,
and the grounds have been improved in a measure, perhaps all
that may be desirable will be to introduce some new improve-
ments, or to remove or alter any features which are found to be
objectionable. With homes that are still in contemplation, there
is the advantage of being able to arrange the various features at
will, giving to each and all ample study and forethought, and
then finally deciding upon such a plan as combines the greatest
number of excellencies.
Largeness of extent is no doubt very desirable in ornamental
grounds, but the fact that everything connected with construc-
tion and maintenance requires a good deal of labor and expense,
must never be lost sight of. In every instance it would be better
to decide upon a retraction of area, than to attempt work on a
large scale with too small an outlay. Surroundings consisting of
a fourth of an acre of land, improved in the most perfect man-
ner, will be infinitely more satisfactory and enjoyable to the
owner than a half or whole acre, with the same amount of labor
and expense bestowed upon the improvements. There is such a
thing, too, as augmenting the appearance of extent in a place, be
it large or small.
A. garden of any size will always look more limited in breadth
without a good open piece of lawn, and one broad glade of grass
at least should stretch from the best windows of the house to
within a short distance of the boundary at the farthest point,
with as little interruption from walks, trees or other objects as
possible. Harmony of parts and simplicity of arrangement also
maintain the idea of size, for where everything is linked together
to form a united whole, there will be none of that division of in-
terest which tends to make a place appear still smaller. A place
that is laid out in a formal manner — in the geometrical style —
where all walks, flower beds and plantings are arranged with a
degree of regularity, in which the various lines and parts bear a
geometric relation to each other, will, unless very extensive, al-
ways look smaller than it really is, and very much less than one
treated in a more irregular and natural way. Where the space
will at all justify it, the walks, shrubs, flower beds, etc., should
be so disposed of as to afford as many different views as possible,
THE HOME FLORIST. II
Walks, in which graceful and easy curves are introduced, are
more pleasing than if made entirely straight, especially in small
places, as straight walks or any straight lines reuuire length to
show them to advantage.
Trees and shrubs are always more effective if arranged largely
in groups, making the planting heaviest next the boundary fences
— in preference to the style of planting in straight lines, parallel
with the street, straight walks, etc. The projections,
made by curves in winding walks and the points form-
ed by angles, are suitable for accommodating groups, hav-
ing these extend back from the walk somew^hat, but the
inner points should be limited to such a distance as will keep
the centre of the grass plat open. It will be allowable, however
even in a small place, to plant here and there some what centrally,
small, irregular groups or single trees or shrubs of fine form and
appearance, while in large places stronger groups may be set with
a view to breaking the distance and opening new scenes or jjarts
in the grounds.
Flower beds are most effective if located in outward bends,
formed by walks, or in chaste, well-balanced designs, thrown
across the line of a walk or opposite a bay or other window of
the dwelling. They may also come in as borders or in the shape
of numerous small beds of round or other forms, on each side of
walks, or be located at distant points on the lawn, to be viewed
from the dwelling or street. Sometimes an excellent effect is
created by making a compound bed in the line of the walk, with
the walk passing on each side and through it, as shown in Fig. 14.
Where thfre is an opportunity of connecting a lawn with a
closely fed meadow or pasture lot, which is almost on the same
level, separating the two by means of a wire fence or one con-
structed in a depression, either natural or artificial, a place,
may be enlarged in appearance. If some groups of trees were to
be planted in such a meadow, they might be made to impart
to it quite a i)ark-like character.
It is frequently possible to keep some object outside the grounds
in view from a principal window or garden seat, and where, from
its attractiveness, it may seem desirable to do so, the planting of
trees should be done to effect this. It may be a neighborino- vil-
lage, a distant mountian peak, or a steeple, or some edifice posses-
sing an air of romance, and perhaps the plantings may be so ar-
12 THE HOME FLORIST.
ranged as to give it a beautiful setting between the trees. By Fig.
1, it will be seen how, if a desirable view is in the direction of A the
trees should be planted on each side of the line of vision, to keep the
object in sight. Sometime an object in some
direction possesses an offensive appearance,
making it desirable to shut it from sight.
In the same figure we will suppose such is
the case in the direction of B. It is plainly
noticeable how trees can be thrown across
the line of vision to entirely hide the object.
For this latter purpose, evergreens are to be #\^s
preferred, because ot their being continually \\
in foliage. ^
Fig. 1.
Things to be Avoided, — In the first place let me say,
avoid attempting too much by applying the labor and expense
necessary to put a place of a certain size in order to one of twice
or three times the size, and consequently doing the work one-
half or one-third as w^ell.
Simplicity is a prime element in beauty, and nothing can be
more objectionable, in small places especially, than intricacy of
design, or the prevalance of an air of ostentation. Avoid crowd-
ing numerous flower-beds or groups of shrubs or trees about the
lawn, especially if it be a small one .
In deciding upon a plan for your place, avoid tlie two extremes
of exposing it too much, or of rendering it too secluded by plant-
ing too many, especially of large growing trees. Errors are fre-
quently committed in planting Hardy Evergreens and Deciduous
trees, by not taking ' ' one long look ahead." Many instances have
come under my observation where Norway Spruce, Pines, or other
trees, which, with age, grow to large size, have been planted
while small close to walks, or perhaps the fence, house, or other
trees, in groups, without calculating for their future growth or
spread. Such mistakes are not so evident to the planter while
the trees are young, but after some years of growth, and after it
is too late to remedy the matter, they encroach upon the walks
or house or injure other trees, which it is now also noticeable
where planted too close.
Planting ornamental trees is a work requiring forethought.
It is not altogether for the present immediate effect that it is done,
but for time far distant as well, and one needs to have the full-
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 3
grown form, size and appearance in his mind's eye at the time of
planting, if he would avoid making blunders which never can be
corrected.
Never locate walks and drives unless there is either a real or ap-
parent need of them. Walks may lead to a flower bed in the lawn or
to a seat or arbor, or be carried through the outskirts of the grounds,
but there should always be a meaning connected with their exist-
ence— some objects of interest in close proximity to them, or to
be seen from various points along their course. A writer of note
has well said that "a walk leading nowhere and ending in nothing
is never satisfactory." A practice which should never be allowed
in walks and drives is for two bays or two projections on the same
side to be seen at once. Use curves, as many as may be desired,
but no serpent-like twistings. Avoid, however, making the
curves too short ; they should be fair and continuous, and reason-
ably direct, otherwise in a roadway a horse drawing a carriage
would be likely to shave jDrojections and avoid the indentations,
and the track of the wheels would soon show the fault of the de-
sign.
In this country, where we are subject to severe dry spells al-
most every Summer, terraces (earth thrown up above the com-
mon surface, and made uniformly level, usually), should, as a
rule, be avoided, unless means are at hand for watering the grass
growing upon them whenever necessary. The same might be
said of rockeries, unless they can be constructed in a shady situa-
tion, or where tliey can be readily sprinkled in dry weather.
The introduction of miscellaneous ornaments about gardens,
such as statuary, group.^ of stones, artificial basins of w^ater, or
other objects of similar nature should be undertaken w'itli cau-
tion, for although there are places in which these may be desira-
ble, yet it is easy to have more than are compatible w4th correct
taste. A vase filled with vigorous plants seldom appears out of
place.
Planning" the Work.— The best time to avoid the bad ef-
fects which naturally arise from a poor arrangement of orna-
mental grounds, is before the work is commenced. How this may
be done, is, by making an outline plan of the grounds to be im-
proved upon paper, locating existing objects, such as the dwell-
ing, outhouses, trees that may be standing on the grounds, the
highway, etc., in their correct position on the map, and then wuth
14 THE HOME FLORIST.
a pencil, do the planning throughout upon this, until a satisfac-
tory plan has been arrived at, which can be transferred to the
grounds in parts, as the work of improving goes on. It does not
require much skill to draw the necessary map for this purpose, as
the grounds or their outlines serve to guide the making of it.
With a pencil, rubber, and foot-rule (with the inch and the divi-
sions of the inch marked upon it) you can get along well enough,
as regards drawing instruments. First measure each boundary
with a measuring tape— or a ten-foot pole will do (land surveyors
would use a Gunter's chain), representing each in its relative posi-
tion on the paper by a line reduced to a certain scale — say an
inch to represent sixteen or thirty-two feet on the ground ; then
measure the distance the house and other objects are from the
boundary line and from each other, locating these correctly on
the map by the scale adopted. Being such objects as well as the
boundary lines will not be changed in the design, their outlines
may be drawn w4th ink on the map, to prevent erasure subse-
quently. The map is now ready for locating the various features
to be introduced into the plan ; this should be done with a lead
pencil, to allow of erasing and changing as often as may be nec-
essary, until a plan is found which suits the place and the taste.
Every object to be introduced should be drawn by the adopted
scale of measurement and located in its correct position, so that
it can easily be transferred to the ground by measuring when
operations are under way, Occasionally, as the work of plan-
ning progresses, each feature should be viewed from various di-
rections by holding the upper surface of the paper nearly in line
with the eye; to get a better view of them, as they will appear
on the grounds. The reason of this is obvious, when we con-
sider that objects upon a landscape or garden are viewed in this
way, the beholder standing upon the level of the grounds and
not above them.
It is well to make several maps and draw a different plan upon
each, thus securing the means of making comparisons and choos-
ing the one which combines the greatest number of good points.
Fac-similes of the first map are easily produced for this purpose
by laying this one on top of half a dozen or less papers of the
same size, and then running the point of a sharp instrument
down through the papers at the corners of all angles and the
various points on the map. This will mark each paper to guide
the drawing of lines for making fac-similes of the upper one.
THE HOME FLORIST.
15
Too great care cannot be taken in making various plans and in
finally deciding upon one, for any inconsiderateness in these re-
spects may be the source of regret afterwards. This is work for
the leisure hours of Winter, and it should be engaged in early
enough, so that each and all distinct features that suggest them-
selves may be deliberately pondered over and studied in their re-
lation to the whole design, for, bear in mind, when a plan is
once fully decided upon and the work of completion executed, it
is done for a long time distant in the future, and will stand as
a monument, pointing either to the wise and deliberate or to
the reckless action of the projector.
Fig. 2. Arranging Stakes to Facilitate Grading.
Grading- and Leveling-.— After the plan has been completed,
the work of grading the surface— generally more or less uneven,
is first in order . Grading is one of the distinguishing features
of a complete garden, and if nice and evenly done, does more
to give to grounds, otherwise well improved, a finished appear-
ance than any other one operation. The lawn if properly made
will then present the appearance of a carpet of velvety green,
and flower beds, shrubs and trees will stand in delightful relief
above the surface. The propriety of preserving natural undula-
tions, or attempting artificial variety of surface in moderate-
sized or small grounds is always questionable ; although in laro-e
grounds planted in irregular style these, if softly and appropriately
finished off, may be made to improve the general appearance
of the grounds.
The work of grading is commenced bypassing over the grounds
and leveling, being guided only by the eye; all elevations should
be plowed up and the ground from them should be hauled or scraped
into the depressions which may exist. It should, however, be
observed, that at least six inches of good soil overlay the whole
in all places, and where any considerable hills are removed suffi-
cient subsoil is also to be removed to be replaced with topsoil to
this depth. Wherever walks and drives are to come the ground
i6
THE HOME FLORIST.
may now be excavated to a proper depth for filling in with the
road material and be used in low places. When this rough grad-
ing is completed, drains should be laid wherever necessary, after
which the work should be planned for finishing the grading to a
nicety. To do this it will be necessary to set guide stakes in
rows across the grounds, driven down so that the heads be inline
and exactly marking where the new surface is to come. How to
accomplish driving the guide stakes so that the heads will be in
line I shall presently explain. If a heavy rain can be had on the
grounds before the work at this stage is advanced, it will be all
the better, otherwise it will become necessary, with the finishing
work, to leave the ground sufficiently elevated wherever filling in
of low places was done, to allow for perfect settling.
In Fig. 3 we will suppose the ground on
each side of the dwelling slants away tow-
ards the boundaries. The first step to take
towards setting the stakes for guiding the
work of final grading is to pass along the
boundary and drive a stake at each corner
of the lot to a dei^th so that its top will
represent the desired new grade in each
place. Then similarly drive four corre-
sponding stakes around the dwelling, set-
each far enough from the corner to enable
sighting from it to the next one to it on all
sides of the house. After this, stakes are
to be set in rows across each section or
>.^AC
\AX|
^1-
•A C
'AJH
Fig. 8.
slant of the grounds to guide the leveling ; but, as this can only
be done over one part at a time, we will illustrate how to jDroceed
by directing the reader through each step of setting the stakes on
the wide plot of ground laying to the left of the house in Fig. 3.
Let us suppose that the line h in Fig. 2 represents the surface be-
tween the corner stakes driven 2ut Ah and A c in the upper part
of Fig. 3, and that the stakes shown at each end of this sectional
cut, with their heads to line C, are these two corner stakes (A b,
A c. Fig. 3). Now drive a new stake at the side of each of these
stakes, but with the heads, we will say, exactly 18 inches above
them. These stakes are for the purpose of sighting over to place
three or five or more stakes between the two corner ones. One
person should sight while another drives the stakes ; the former
observing and directing the depth they are to be driven. This
THE HOME FLORIST. 1/
sighting is illustrated in Fig. 2. After these intermediate stakes
are set, another stake should be driven at the side of each, with
the top 18 inches lower than top of the sighting stake, which it
is obvious will bring the heads of them in line with the corner
stakes just driven, as is shown by dotted line C in Fig. 2, which
is the line of the desired grade. If the surface is wanted slightly
crowning in the center between the corner stakes, by keeping the
lower stake at the center less than 18 inches below the top of the
sighting stake and gradually increasing the measure between the
top of the upper and lower stake as j'ou proceed towards the cor-
ner, this may be easily done. We next proceed with the sight-
ing and staking operation along the boundary, from the upper
corner stake A b, to the lower corner stake A b, and also from A
c to A c, driving the same number of stakes on each, although
line Ab Ab is much longer than the other. The distance they
are to be apart on each line may be arrived at by guess, as it is
not material that they be exactly alike. A good way is to set one
at what would be taken as half way between the corner stakes,
and then dividing the distance to the corner on each side in the
same way, and so on until enough have been placed, being cer-
tain, however, that the same number are on each line After this
is done, crosslines of stakes are to be run from each stake in line ^-i b
Abto the corresponding stake in line A c A e, in the manner de-
scribed in my reference to Fig. 2, commencing at one end of the
plot. The other quarter sections around the house are each in
turn to be laid out in the manner I have described, after which
the work of leveling may finally be completed. With these stakes
at ten, fifteen or twenty feet apart each way, it is easy to grade
the earth evenly between them. With the completion of grad-
ing and the removal of the stakes, we are brought to making
walks and drives, and sowing the lawn.
The Lawn ; Tree Planting-.— A good lawn, clean and well
kept, one which presents a lively green appearance, from early
in the Spring until cold weather, is a sight worth witnessing, and
one well worth expending a good deal of labor and money upon
to obtain. After the ground is shaped to the desired grade, as de-
scribed above, then the whole should be trenched or plowed,
a sub-soil following in the wake of the common plow to
deeply pulverize it. The soil from the first furrow made in
plowing will be thrown above the common level, and after the
piece is overturned this should be drawn or wheeled into the open
1 8 THE HOME FLORIST.
furrow left by the plow in finishing, that all may become even
again. A heavy harrow should then be applied until the surface
is thoroughly fined down. It may now be noticed by the care-
ful eye that slight undulations still exist here and there about
the grounds ; these can be leveled with a shovel or hoe. All
stones, roots, etc., should also be removed, so that a smooth sur-
face may be obtained ; these will be found useful for filling, in
making walks and drives To facilitate the work of tree plant-
ing, which next should receive attention, small stakes should be
set at the points marked on the plan ; the planting should be done
carefully and without unnecessary digging or disturbing the
graded surface. After this the harrow or, better yet, the rake
may again pass over the surface, with afterwards the roller, and
the law^n is ready to be sown. For small plats, of course, digging,
trenching and raking must be done, instead of plowing, sub-soil-
ing and harrowing. Do not fall into the common error of using
seed sparingly. Four bushels to the acre is the proper quantity.
The Red Top or Blue Grass are about the best, or the ' ' mixtures "
of desirable kinds that are furnished by reliable seedsmen. It is
well to add a pound or two of Sweet Vernal grass to the acre for
the delightful fragrance it emits after being cut ; also a quantity of
White Clover, say one or two pounds to the acre. These are usu-
ally included in the mixtures prepared by seedsmen.
When the seed is sown, a light harrow or rake should be ap-
plied, and after that a thorough rolling given, so that the surface
may become as smooth as possible. The seed may be sown in
the Spring, during April and early May, or even earlier at the
South, and will form a good lawn by August, if the preparation
has been good. If not ready to sow before June or July, a
sprinkling of oats should be sown at the same time,
so that the shade given by the oats will protect the young
grass from the sun. But rather than sow during the hottest weather,
I prefer to put it off until September, which is one of the best of
times for the work. Frequent mowing of the grass and the
weeds, let me add, should be attended to from the first. The
weed seed lying dormant in the ground at sowing time, may
spring up thickly with the grass, but will finally succumb to the
frequent use of the lawn mower or scythe, and some hand dig-
ging later, while the grass will improve in strength and appear-
ance with each cutting. Mowing every week or two will not be
too often. The grass, if it is very heavy, should be raked off
THE HOME FLORIST.
19
after eacTi mowing with a lawn rake. Lawns are frequently sown
during the Fall months with excellent results.
Sometimes after a good sod has formed on the lawn, it is desir-
able to remove a tree or shrub from one part of the ground to an-
other, or to plant a new one. In fig. 4, I
show how this can be done, without
mutilating or otherwise injuring the
sod. Four cuts are made, two or three
feet in length, away from the tree, and
the sod is rolled back while taking up
or planting the tree, and again unfold-
ing it into its original position after the
soil has been properly leveled. With
a little care tliis operation may be so
nicely done as scarcely to leave marks.
Soclding". — The edges of grass-sown
lawns, bordering on walks, drives, flow- ^H
er-beds, etc., should for protection, be ^^H_
sodded one foot wide. Sodding is best Fig. 4.
done with turf obtained from an even grassy spot in the meadow,
where no weeds are growing. In taking up the sods they should be
cut into squares of about one foot by one foot, or into lengths of
five or six feet and one foot wide, which can be conveniently rolled
up for handling them, cutting them about an inch and a half
thick. In putting down the sods they should be laid closely
and compactly together, beating them smoothly with the back
of the spade, so that there will be no crevice between the cut
portions or beneath them. This work is best done early in the
Spring or late in the Autumn.
Walks and Drives.— Good dry roads or walks should be
aimed at for about the home, and these when well made and fin-
ished impart character and finish to any grounds. The ordinarj^
method of securing the curves which have been decided upon, is
by measurement or by setting small stakes on the line of the road,
and moving them until the curve seems graceful and pleasant to
the eye. We find a very good plan in J. Weidemann's work on
Landscape Gardening, published by the Orange Judd Co., for
accomplishing this. In the engraving it will be readily seen
how, by means of a stout cord and stakes, the curve is
secured. After the desired course and width of walks and drives
20
THE HOME FLORIST.
are decided upon, the
work of making may
commence. E x c av a t e
from one to two feet, fill
in with large stones,
upon these put smallpr
ones, diminishing the
Fig. 5. size as the surface is
reached, and using coarse gravel on top of the stone, and then
finish with a coat of finer gravel at the top. Roll well all during
the process of construction, and there will be a road that will sel-
dom if ever need mending, and be fit to travel on in any kind of
weather.
Fig. G.
Fig. 7.
Designs for Flower Beds on the Lawn.— With a ten-
foot pole, two stakes eighteen inches long, and a cord to connect
them, and several dozen small stakes for defining outlines, the
following designs may easily be made. In figure 6, ascertain the
jDoints of the star b}^ setting five stakes at
equal distance from each other on the circle,
\\ lay the ten-foot pole from each stake to the
I \ second one from it both ways, and mark with
/ J a pointed stick. For the moon make one
/ /' large circle for the outside, and another
' / smaller one with the center a little moved to
give the inside shape. To make an oval, first
Fig. 8 lay out an oblong square of the desired size,
placing stakes at the corners. Then set five, seven, or any like
number of stakes, on each side, as is shown in figure seven. Now
lay the pole against the middle, long-side stake, and the first
stake from the corner on the short side, and draw a mark ; then
THE HOME FLORIST.
21
move it to the stake next the middle on the long side and stake
number two on the short side, and draw another mark, proceed in
this manner around the entire square, and a well-proportioned
oval will finally result. Triangular and other forms are readily
made with the pole, stakes and line.
Fig. 9. Fig. 10.
Designs of Compound Flower Beds.
OPEN AIR FLORICULTURE.
Planting- in Masses ot Color.— This style of adornment
with plants and flowers is one of the most effective that can be
adopted for ornamenting the grounds about the home, and it
possesses the merit of being simple. It consists of planting beds
which are cut in the lawn, or otherwise located, with a single
kind of plant, or with various kinds, grouped so thickly that the
ground will become entirely concealed, thus forming one or more
distinct masses of bloom or color. Or the beds may be of com-
pound form, consisting of separate parts, each planted with a
distinct color. Sometimes an edging of any beautiful low plant
may be set around these masses with good advantage. Certain
plants are better than others for masses, these being such as are
free bloomers, or that have attractive foliage. Several designs
of beds suitable for this style of work are represented herewith,
and the reader is referred to the article on " Laying Out Flower
Beds in the Lawn," for others.
It should not be inferred that beds in the massing style need be
either large or costly to be effective. Beds three, or even two
22
THE HOME FLORIST.
feet across, if cut in the green lawn, and planted with such valu-
able plants for this purpose, as scarlet, or any bright-bedding
Geraniums, Coleus or others, say five well-established plants for
the smaller, and eight for the larger-sized beds, will become a.maz-
ingly attractive and appear complete in any grounds. Those try-
ing one or more beds in massing could scarcely fail to be pleased
with the result. Fig. 12 is a perspective representation of a round
bed jjlanted in three different colors, as shown by the dark and
light parts. The centre is occupied by a distinct color, some-
what taller than the others. Fig. 9 represents a compound bed of
circular outline. The centre bed may be divided into four equal
parts, each planted with a distinct color of Phlox Drummondi,
or only two colors, as white and scarlet, each color occupying
two ox^posite quarters. The small outside beds might be planted
with mixed Pansies, and the large ones respectively with crimson
and rose-colored Portulaca. Fig. 10 is a very easily- planned com-
nound bed, more elaborate than the last one described, but, like
it, is well adapted for auy fair-sized grounds. The former may
be about twelve feet in diameter, from outside to outside, and the
latter twenty to thirty feet across between extreme points. A
star, the body of which is planted with Achryanthes Verschaff elti,
and the points with Alternanthera Versicolor, a plant of the
same color, makes a very attractive bed. We have often planted
round beds with the dark and other colored Cannas, placing a
row of AVhite Centaureas around the eige with satisfactory re-
sults. There is really no limit to the varied arrangements which
may be adopted with pleasing effects in this style of planting.
To render the present article on this subject more complete, I
give a list of the plants best suited to this purpose. The reader
is referred to the description of each kind, which will be found ir
other parts of the work.
Ageratum, in variety.
Abutilon Thoiiipsoyd.
Achryanthes, various Colors.
Alyssum and Thy me, variegated
Alternantheras, various colors.
Arteniesia Stellaris.
Candytuft, various colors.
Cannas, various colors.
Centaurea Candida, and Gym-
nocarpa.
Coleus, in large variety.
Dwarf Convolvulus,
Geraniums, in large variety.
Golden Feather Feverfew.
Heliotrope.
Leptosiphon, various colors.
Lobelia.
Pansies, various colors.
Petunias, various colors.
Phlox Drummondi, var. colors.
Portidaca, various colors.
Stocks, various colors.
Sedums in variety.
Verbenas, various colors.
THE HOME FLORIST.
23
Ribbon Gardenings. — This method
of planting consists of setting plants with
contrasting color of flowers or with showy
foliage, in lines on round, oval or square
I beds, to produce an effect resembling a
ribbon, when viewed from a distance. To
give a correct idea of this matter I illus-
trate in Fig. 11 the placing of the plants in
position in a circular bed; it will
be seen that the work of planting may be
guided by striking circles, with a line at-
tached to a stake in the centre. I have
found in practice that in planting circular or oval ribbon beds it
is best to plant the largest or outside circle first ; then commence
in the center and finish at the second line from the outside. Fig.
13 represents a long ribbon bed planted with five lines of plants
of various colors. A large oval
bed, 12 by 18 feet in diameter,
might be planted, with the first
row next to the grass, with Vari-
gated Sweet Alyssum, eight inches Fig. 12. Planting in masses
apart, the second from the edge of color.
with Alternantheras ten inches apart ; third, Centaurea Candida,
fourteen inches apart ; fourth, Coleus Verchatf elti, sixteen inches
Fig. 11.
A Circular Bibbon
Bed.
Fig. 13. A Long Ribbon Bed of Plants.
apart ; fifth, CaladiumEsculentum, afoot and a half apart ; sixth,
Abutilon Thompsoni, fifteen inches apart ; the center with large
Cannas, intermixed with Gladiolus. Such a bed is bound to be
exceedingly beautiful for months, provided that the soil and the
quality of the plants set out are the best. It Avill be noticed that
the tallest plants occupy the center, while each circle toward
the edge contains plants of less height. Where smaller beds are
desired, a less" number of circles or lines will be necessary ; one
might be made with a large scarlet Geranium, Gladiolus or double
Zinnia, for the center, with white Feverfew, Centaurea, or
white Phlox Drummondi next, and surrounding these, Lark-
spur, Heliotrope, or other blue fiowers, with yellow Calceolaria
24
THE HOME FLORIST.
or Dwarf Nasturtium next, and outside of all a circle of Varie-
gated Thyme, Sweet Alyssum, Mignonette, or other low-growing
plant. A very pretty, long-ribbon bed is made by taking differ-
ent colors of the same flower, like Phlox Drummondi, Portulaca,
Verbenas, Stocks, and others described as being suitable. With
care in sudying descriptions of plants, so that good selections may
be made, and then a little experience, the work of arranging
these beds becomes easy and interesting.
Planting Mixed Borders and Beds.— A very common
arrangement of flower beds, and one of the best of all, consists in
making borders along the walks four or more feet wide, large
beds in the lawn, or a center bed in the vegetable garden, and
planting promiscuously with a general variety of all kinds and
seasons of flowering. Be careful, in planting such beds, to place
the tallest growers, such as Hollyhocks, Ricinus, Dahlias, etc., in
the background or in the center if the beds are circular, and then
setting the smaller growers in front of such. Plants and flowers
of different colors should be set to show to the best advantage by
contrasts and those flowering at different times, to make the dis-
play continual throughout. Fig. 14 illustrates a plan for flower
beds in a walk bordered with shrubbery .
Fig. 14. Flower Beds in Walk.
Flower Beds for Constant Cutting*. — Many flowers will
perhaps be wanted for the table, bouquets, or to give away. For
such purposes it is better to have a bed or mixed border near at
hand, planted with free blooming varieties that are desirable for
fragrance and brilliant colors, especially for this use. These will
bloom all the more constant for having the young flowers cut as
fast as they open, and it is surprising to see what an amount of
THE HOME FLORIST. 25
flowers can be daily cut from quite a small bed. Such a bed
should be planted largely with annual Phlox Drummondi, Sweet
Pea, Zinnia, Stocks, Candytuft, Mignonettes, besides Heliotrope,
monthly Roses, Gladiolus, Dahlia, double, single and scented
Geranium, Verbena, Pansy and others. An abundance of green
should be provided for, a matter which is too often overlooked.
Nothing can be cultivated to suf)ply this better than the Rose and
other scented Geraniums, varieties of which valuable family of
plants are easily propagated by every one, and which grow
with great vigor if taken from the pots and planted in fertile soil.
A few plants of each will afford a large supply of delightful foli-
age, and many clusters of flowers all Summer. There are several
varieties of so-called Rose Geraniums, all differing somewhat in
fragrance and appearance, most of which are inferior to the true
rose-scented variety. Then, some plants with beautiful foliage,
such as Abutilon Thompsoni, Centaurea Gymnocarpa, or the
Achryanthes, Amaranthus, etc., should not be overlooked. These
will furnish a variety of material for intermixing with and
edging flowers in bouquets, baskets and other arrangements,
that is very desirable along with green. Smilax is a plant with
finer foliage than the Geraniums alluded to, but it is not so good
for constant cutting, being a climber, and hardly available until
it has made a growth of six feet, as the vine with leaves attachea
are too succulent for use, unless several months old. Another
plant deserving of more general use for this purpose is the Lemon
Verbena {Aloysia Citriodora), which is of easy culture, and a fav-
orite wherever its delightfully fragrant leaves are known.
The Soil : Its Preparation and Treatment.— To be
successful in cultivating flowers, it is of the greatest importance
under all circumstances that we give plants a deep, fertile and
well-drained soil to grow in. That attempts at floriculture may
prove to be failures from other causes, is possible; but I freely
assert that lack of attention to securing the requisites named is
the direct cause of nearly every failure to produce fine flowers in
abundance. This is a point that should be well observed by be-
ginners. Not a season passes but in July, August and September,
flower beds are to be seen which were laid out and planted with
much taste and expense perhaps, that contain at this season only
poor, unthrifty, flowerless plants, an eye-sore to the beholder,
and a testimonial to the one fact, tliat the soil was unsuitably pre-
pared for flowers. Few soils are so stubborn that with perfect
26
THE HOME FLORIST.
drainage, either natural or artificial — and this well done once will
last a lifetime — with being trenched eighteen inches or two feet
deep, and annually supplied with a dressing of manure, together
with being well tilled, will not produce flowers in abundance.
Trenching is an operation which consists in working the soil
deeply with the use of the spade. It serves to promote the growth
of vegetation, by giving to
the roots ample room for
extension; besides, with
retaining moisture the en-
tire depth to which the
soil is stirred and broken,
it prevents injury to plants
in severe drouths, where
Fig. 15. Trenching. they might be badly effected
by drying, were the soil only worked to a shallow depth. In ordi-
nary culture the surface soil only is overturned or stirred by the
jjlow or spade, leaving the subsoil underneath, which is usually
hard and compact, untouched; but v/ith trenching the oi^eration
is conducted to work up the latter as w^ell as the former, keeping
each part by itself, the surface soil above and the subsoil, which
is of a sterile nature, underneath. The annexed cut, represent-
ing a section of soil to be trenched, shows how this is accom-
plished. The surface soil shown in section A, to the width of
about six feet across the bed, is first thrown out entirely and the
subsoil underneath (a) is turned with the spade, moving it only
enough to facilitate the work; a section of surface soil about
four feet wide, represented in the cut by B, is next thrown over
in the space ^.-i, on subsoil a, and the subsoil now turned to light
is overturned i:i like manner as that represented by a was. The
soil in section C, to the width of about four feet, is in turn thrown
into space B, and the subsoil underneath is overturned. The op-
eration is continued in the same manner across the bed or lot, and
the opening remaining at the end after the other side has been
reached, can be filled up with the surface soil first thrown out.
Manure should be applied to flower beds in the Fall, after severe
frosts have finally cut down the plants, and annual bulbs and
tubers are removed. This should be spread evenly over the sur-
face, and incorporate well with the soil by spading up thoroughly
and deep, leaving the clods unbroken as they leave the spade.
Always have a supply of manure in some corner for such pur-
THE HOME FLORIST. 2/
poses. Those who keep a cow or horse will of course have enough.
If you manage to have it twelve or more months old before using,
ifc is best, although some fresher from the stable will answer the
purpose. Those who cannot get stable manure readily may have
to depend on artificial fertilizers, even though they are not so
good on the whole. In some places a compost heap might be
made to a good purpose by gathering up a store of leaves m the
Fall and leaving them lay until Spring, when they should be piled
up in alternate layers with a cartload of sods from some meadow
or roadside to rot, giving the heap a weekly soaking of soapsuds
on washing days. Throw on, during the Summer months, rak-
ings and scrapings from the garden, and once in a while add a
shovelful of lime and a barrow load of black earth from the
street, and by early Winter you will have a mound of rich, black
crumbly loam, of fine fertilizing quality.
Where hardy plants, slirubs, or Roses that remain in the ground
from year to year, are growing in the beds, care should be taken
not to cut or spade so near them as to injure the roots at the
annual Fall spading. These are benefited by receiving a dressing
of coarse hay or strawy manure over their roots late in the
season, which should be raked off again in the Spring. In Spring
the beds are to be lightly worked over again with the spade or
digging-fork. If the manure worked in in the Fall appears to
have been ample, none need now be applied. We take exception,
however, to new beds to be planted for the first time; better give
these another moderate dressing before spading. In no case do
spading in the Spring until the soil is dry. Imprudence in this
respect will cause most land to become rough and cloddy, a state
wholly unfit for flowers, and which cannot be remedied during
that season. After nicely raking up the beds, always leaving the
middle slightly elevated, you can carry out your plans — which
should have been perfected before planting time — by setting out
the hardiest plants first, finishing with the more tender kinds in May.
Sowing- Seeds.— Some flower seeds, like those of Candytuft,
Convolvulus, Escholtzia, Larkspur, Mignonette, Poppy, Portu-
laca. Sweet Pea, etc., do better to sow directly where they are to
bloom. As soon as the ground becomes warm and friable, say in
April and May, open, neat, shallow drills — not too deep— and drop
in the seed ; draw in flne earth and beat it down a little with the
hoe or spade. Where many flowers of a single kind of seed-
grown plants are wanted the seeds may be sown broadcast, covering
28
THE HOME FLORIST.
with light sandy soil, sprinkled on with the hand or through a fine
sieve, or a careful raking, if the soil is fine, may answer the same
purpose. I may say, however, that on the whole, sowing in
drills, even if flowers are grown on a large scale, is the better
way. Never cover seeds of any kind too deep. Failures often
arise from this ca,use alone. I consider the old rule of covering
twice the depth of their own diameters to be reliable, and appli-
cable to any kind of sowing. As soon as seedlings have devel-
oped their second leaves they should be thinned. Pansies, Holly-
hocks, Delphiniums and many other hardy perennial plants should
be sown in August and September, and most of these will then
flower the next year and earlier than if their sowing is deferred until
Spring. These should be slightly covered over the roots at the
approach of cold weather. For further remarks on time of sow-
ing various seeds, see Weekly Classification of Work for May,
June, July, August and September.
Most other seed-grown plants, besides those named above, are
benefited by being transplanted, and should be started in a pre-
pared seed-bed, hot-bed, or a box in the house. In either case, a
light, sandy loam should be used, as with plants intended for re-
moval when they have attained a certain size, an abundance of
fibrous roots is of importance, and these can never be obtained if
the seedlings are brought forward in a soil of a hard, " baked "
character. Decomposed grass sods from a sandy meadow mixed
with some old manure that is finely separated make an excellent
soil for all such purposes.
Hot-Beds, Colcl-Frames and Seed-Beds.— Every fam-
ily possessing a garden ought to have a hot-bed, even if it be a
small one, in which to start seedling? plants, Dahlia roots, Tube-
rose bulbs, etc., and also to root cuttings. Tender annuals and
vegetables of all kinds for planting could be had three or four
weeks earlier than if the
Hot Bed.
seeds were sown in the
open ground, thus advanc-
ing their season of matur-
ity. A hot-bed is made by
forming a pile of fresh
strawy horse man u r e
some three feet in height,
slightly elevated- at what
is to be the bacls. end of the
THE HOME FLORIST. 29
bed. As a number of loads will be required for an ordinary sized
bed, it may be necessary to gather up manure for the purpose
for some time previous to using it, in which case the accumula-
tions should be kept from the wet under cover, and be frequently
overturned to check its heating before needed. The bed may be
sunk a foot or eighteen inches in the ground if the soil is well
drained, and should be a foot larger each way than the frame
which is to be used. The manure should be well trodden down to
prevent settling when finished. Lying thus causes it to ferment,
which fermentation produces the lasting bottom heat that warms
thesoil.andrenders the bed essentially a miniature greenhouse.
After the manure is in shape, the frame, which should be made of
IJ or li inch plank, 18 inches wide, can be placed on at once and
filled in with about four or five inches of light soil well enriched
with fine manure. Banking up over the projecting portion of
the manure on the outside with ground will tend to confine the
heat to the inside of the frame, and will also improve the appear-
ance of the bed by hiding the manure. Keep the sash closed un-
til the heat has warmed the soil well. Then better wait a day or
two before sowing the seed. Sow in drills, about two or three
inches apart, running across the bed. Care is required in clear
weather to prevent the heat rising to an injurious temperature,
giving abundant air when the sun shines, by moving the sash up
or down. The safest way is to be governed by a thermometer,
which should be placed where the sun's rays will not strike it;
keep the temperature as near sixty degrees in the shade as possi-
ble. When the mercury indicates higher than that point, give
air; when below — as it will in frosty nights — cover with mats.
By being attentive in this matter, seeds that were sown in March
or April will have become thrifty, well-tempered plants by May.
The principal advantages of a hot-bed may be secured by what
is called a Cold-Frame. This is formed without manure, by plac_
ing the hot-bed frame upon a bed of soil in some shelted place in
the garden protected from cold winds. Do not start the cold
frame until the latter part of April in this latitude, as we depend
wholly on the sun for heating it. It requires much the same care
with reference to airing on sunny days, and protecting with mats
in cold nights as does the hot- bed. Both must be watered occa-
sionally as the soil demands it.
Many can have neither of these conveniences. By starting a
a week or two later, seeds may be sown in a bed of mellow soil
30 THE HOME FLORIST.
in some warm, sunny spot about the house with good results. On
the east or south side of a building is the best place, as here the
sun's rays reflected on the building will cause the bed to be some
degrees warmer, consequently earlier than if made out in an
open space. All seeds will come up sooner for having the ground
shaded with shutters, mats, or perhaps, better than all, a little
scattering of fine hay, until the shoots have reached the surface,
when the covering must be removed at once.
Transplanting". — This with seedling plants should be done
with a dibble or pointed stick, and pot-grown plants with a gar-
den trowel just before or after a shower. But sometimes trans-
planting must be done in a dry spell. The best way then is to
plant carefully towards evening of the day, leaving a depression
in the soil around each plant, which should be filled with water
and allowed to settle away until the soil is thoroughly saturated.
Next morning the earth should be drawn iu, to prevent the wet
soil from baking.
Slimmer Culture.— In Summer the earth between the
plants should be frequently stirred, after each rain at least, to
keep it properly mellow, and for destroying all weeds. Thorough
culture is also one of the best remedies against the bad effects of
drouth, as an open soil absorbs moisture from the atmosphere in
the night-time to a great extent. Some things, like Lilies, Carna-
tions and Rhododendrons, it is well to mulch with a coat of straw.
Beds are better if so arranged that flowers or plants can be reached
in cultivating or picking without treading on the ground.
Watering- in Summer— Whenever it becomes necessary to
resort to watering in dry weather, it is much better to apply suffi-
cient water to thoroughly soak the soil while about it than to ap-
ply a small quantity day by day, a custom very j^revalent among
cultivators. In watering plants, first draw the soil away from
the base of the stalk in order to form a sort of basin in which to
pour the water; fill this up and let it settle away repeatedly until
a plenty has been applied, then draw the earth again to the plant,
which will prevent the soil from baking in the sun. A thorough
watering of this kind ought to answer for several weeks in the
dryest time of Summer, When entire beds are to be watered the
soil sliould be opened by thrusting a digging-fork into it here and
there before sprinkling; then the beds should be passed over again
THE HOME FLORIST. 3 1
and again with the pot and sprinkler until there is enough. The
next day the surface of the bed should be mellowed up with the
rake or hoe.
This rule of watering very thoroughly each time it is needed,
and then not again until really necessary, applies quite as well to
watering plants in pots at all seasons of the year, either out of
doors or in the house and conservatory, as in the open ground.
Be on the guard to not over-water pot plants, however, as it is
contrary to the nature of most of these to thrive in a heavily
saturated soil.
The Removal of Matured Flowers. — Every experienced
cultivator of j^lants and flowers probably knows the good effect
that the removing of flowers, as soon as they are fully developed,
or before the petals fall, causes to a plant, by increasing its gen-
eral productiveness, and the size of the future flowers. A study
of vegetable physiology discloses, and practical observation fully
confirms the fact, that the young flower or bud taxes the vitality
of a plant to but a slight degree, as compared with the hardening
of the flower stem, which causes the petals to drop, and precedes
the ripening of the seed. This is important to observe, jDarticu-
larly in cultivating Roses, Verbenas, Pansies, Dahlias, Zinnias,
Mignonette, Sweet Pea, Double Petunias, etc. I will add that
some plants, like Mignonette, which are usually treated as an-
nuals, will live and continue to increase in beauty for years if not
allowed to seed.
The flowering season of many things like Verbenas, Geraniums
and Dahlias mav be lengthened almost every Autumn, by cover-
ing the plants with mats, etc. , on cool niglits to protect from the
first September frosts. After some quite sharp frosts the weather
usually comes off warm and pleasant for some time yet, and it is
well to have the benefit of this on the plants.
Preparing- Plants for Winter Flowering- —It should be
borne in mind that in plant culture either in the window or the
conservatory in the Winter the natural conditions of heat sun-
light, and the lessened length of the days, are adverse to the pro-
fuse growth of vegetation, and particularly the production of
flower buds; for this reason it is of the greatest iinjwrtance to
have at the outset for this purpose, good plants of strong vitality.
When plants pass into the Winter quarters in a weakened condi-
tion from any cause they will be apt to remain weali all Winter.
THE HOME FLORIST.
The bcf.t way of securing plants for Winter flowering, especially
rapid growing kinds, is to start with young ones the Spring previ-
ous, and prepare them during the Summer by giving them a fav-
orable opportunity for making a healthy growth in the open air,
either in pots plunged to their rims in soil, refuse hops or other
material, or by being bedded out. During this time, and until
within a month or tAvo of cold weather, practice a system of head-
ing them in to cause a compact stocky growth, and also to prevent
the exhaustion of plant force by flowering, which, if allowed,
would be detrimental to the crop in Winter. For sjDecial remarks
on the culture of all suitable varieties, see the direction accom-
panying each kind.
The plants that were bedded during Summer, such as Carna-
tions, Violets, etc., should be taken up and potted in September,
in order that they may fully recover from the effects of the oper-
ation before cold weather sets in. With plants grown for the
beauty of their foliage, it is needless to adopt this course of Sum-
mer treatment, further than to have them healthy and of fine
form, whether they be large or small. Some small pots contain-
ing pretty plants, placed among the larger ones of a collection
will enhance appearances greatly. In the Fall avoid taking plants
into their Winter quarters too soon, but gradually inure them to
the confined air of the room or bay window by keeping them in-
side during cold nights or cool weather, allowing them to be fully
exposed to the air in partial shade, as under the piazza, or at the
side of the house during fine weather. In the case of having a
conservatory the plants may be placed in it at once, but an abun-
dance of air should be allowed to circulate through the structure
at all times when the outside temperature will allow. The plants
grown in pots should receive their final shift into the pots or boxes
they are to occupy during Winter, in September or October. We
find tliat a soil made of two or three parts of decomposed turf
and one part of well-rotted stable manure, with the addition of a
little clean sand, is suited to nearly every plant grown, and is
better than " chip ground," so commonly used.
Autuniii Planting- of Hardy Bnlbs.— Were the bulbs
which are known as the Hardy or Dutch Bulbs grown by plant-
ing in the Springtime of the year with the Gladiolas, Tigridia,
etc., their culture would be more common, and collections of the
choicer varieties, such as are conspicuous for their beauty and
THE HOME FLORIST. 33
giandeur, would be less rare. Planting at the approach of Win-
ter is rather contrary to the general rule of garden management,
and we are inclined to neglect this only means for securing the
flowering of Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, etc., early the following
Spring, or for improving the collections that may already be grow-
ing in our gardens, which consist far too often of inferior Tarie-
ties, considering the trifling outlay which is necessary for obtain-
ing a better collection.
The planting of the hardy bulbs may be done at any time during
the months of September, October and November, or even later,
provided the ground remains unfrozen later, which is sometimes
the case. To be entirely safe, it is best, perhaps not to defer the
work much after October. Bulbs will succeed in any good gar-
den soil ; in order, however, to secure the highest degree of suc-
cess in their culture, it is necessary to plant in a soil that is well
drained and enriched with thoroughly decayed manure. Hya-
cinths require a richer soil than any others. When all plantings
have been completed, and before Winter sets in, cover the beds
with several inches of leaves, straw or other coarse litter, to pre-
vent severe freezing from injuring the bulbs. In situations ex-
posed to the wind, a few brush or sticks thrown on will prevent
its being blown off. Early in the Spring this Fall covering should
be removed. Where beds planted with hardy Spring-flowering
bulbs are required for Summer flowers, Hyacinths, Tuhps, etc.,
may be safely taken up to prepare for planting the coming Fall, as
early as two weeks after the flowers have disappeared, provided
the precaution of covering the bulbs with soil, to allow the foliage
to become gradually ripened, is observed.
Taking- up Plants in tlie Fall.— Many kinds of bedding
plants, such as Geraniums, Veronicas, Stocks, Salvias, Ageratums,
Roses, Carnations, etc. can be taken up from the flower-beds at the
approach of frosts, and transferred into pots, or even packed thickly
in boxes of soil, for use another year, bj' taking care to have some
earth adhering to the roots, and by keeping in a rather dry and cool
cellar, or in a good cold pit through the AYinter. It must, however,
be done at the sacrifice of much autumnal beauty, as all such plants
should receive when lifted a severe cutting back of at least cue-
third or one-half of the shoots. But this is gain after all, for
plants like these kept over, in most cases, make a better show
the next year than the plants of the present season's striking.
Give the plants one thorough watering when potted ; after which
34 THE HOME FLORIST.
they should be kept rather dry till Spring, when, after new growth
commences, water may be given every few days apart in increased
quantities as they commence making a new growth,
Cold Pits for Winter Protection.— A cold pit, made by
excavating the soil in some dry spot in the garden, to the depth
of two feet and upwards, and of a size suitable to be covered with
glass sash, forms one of the most inexpensive and efficient appli-
ances that can be introduced into the flower garden. It will
answer the purpose of wintering tender Roses, Carnations, and
many other plants, much better than a cellar, especially if the
latter is too dark, too damp or too warm. A pit also provides
the means for keeping up a succession of flowers of Alba Fimbriata
and other Pinks, Roses, Deutzia, Iberis, Violets, Lily of the Val-
ley, etc., during the Winter in the house or conservatory, by care-
fully taking these up from the garden, and after potting, storing
them in the cold pit, until they are brought into the heat and bet-
ter light, which may be done at intervals during the Winter and
Spring. Indeed, a conservatory can hardly be considered com-
pletely equipped without a cold pit near at hand to serve this
purpose. The sash used to cover the pit may be similar to those
made for hot-beds, an ordinary size being six feet long, by three
and one-half feet wide. The sides against the soil should be
boarded up or walled up with brick or stone, which should run a
foot above the surface at the rear, and nine inches above it on the
front side, the top of the end w^alls having a regular slope from
rear to front, and all flnished to give support to the sash. Bank
up the part of the wall that projects above the surface, and scat-
ter an inch or two of coal ashes or gravel in the bottom of the
pit, on which to place the plants. About all the attention a pit
requires after the plants are in, is to ventilate when the weather
will allow, and to cover the glass with shutters or mats of straw
or other material, sufficient to keep out hard frost in severe cold
weather. Aside from one thorough watering when tlie plants
are potted, water should be sparingly given to them during the
Winter.
THE HOME FLORIST. 35
PROPAGATION.
Many j)lants that do not bear seed freely, or which cannot be
increased by division of tlie roots, are best propagated from cut-
tings or layeis of the young growing slioots. Tlie florist finds
propagation from cuttings about the only practical means of in-
creasing the majority of that class of plants commonly known
as green-house and bedding plants, in which may be included such
valuable house plants as Tender Roses, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Car-
nations, Heliotropes and many others of equal importance as out-
door decorative plants. As the two methods here alluded to are
quite distinct, I shall treat each separately, commencing with
that of propagating from cuttings, as this is the more commonly
employed of the two.
The principal conditions essential to propagation from cuttings
are nearly the same with all plants susceptible of being thus j^er-
petuated. These are first, the proper condition of the cutting :
second, that it be rightly pruned before putting in ; third, that
it receive suitable treatment w^hile rooting ; and fourth, that after
it is rooted the transplanting from the cutting-box or bed to soil be
done at the right time, and then finally, that it be properly at-
tended until it becomes a well-established plant.
With the generality of kinds the ends of newly formed shoots
make the best cuttings, and are much better than old hardened
growth. There is a certain time and condition in the growth of
plant shoots in which, if a cutting be taken, it will strike root and
make a plant better than at any other time. To ascertain this con-
dition, and how far back it extends from the growing terminal bud,
let us bear in. mind that there are different degrees of hardness
present in the wood— the yougest part being the softest, while to-
ward the base of the shoot it is likely quite hard and fibrous. By
taking a cutting off, down in this hardened portion of the shoot,
it would be found to root slowly, and in some plants not at all, and
at best would make a plant of inferior quality ; while with adopt-
ing the opposite extreme, making a short cutting of the succulent
young growth only, it would be still less Hkely to root, if not
quickly decay. Now the right place to cut the shoot is at the
furthest point in from the end where it is somewhat hardened.
36
THE HOME FLORIST.
and yet sufficiently brittle to snap off with a clean break instead
of bending without breaking, or parting with a rough break with
the libers of the bark protruding. Practice wull demonstrate that
in the difference of one joint there is considerable variation in the
hardness of the growth ; it is always better to break or cut at a
point which is rather soft than at one that has become too hard.
A little experience will put the careful operator in the way of de-
terming the right place with scarcely a failure.
To rightly prune or trim a cutting requires that the superfluous
leaves be removed, and that the base be cut away with a sharp
knife. Cuttings of some plants will callus and form roots at the
base, no matter whether it be just be-
low a leaf joint or not, while
others seem to root best from the leaf
joints, and these should accordingly
be cut oft' just here. It would be
best, perhaps, for amateurs to cut all
just below a joint, as with limited ex-
perience they have little opportunity for
assertaining which varieties do, and
which do not, require it. Fig. 17 repre-
sents a Geranium shoot as taken from
a cutting ready for striking made
from it. A point below the fourth leaf, counting from
above, was found right for cutting, and here the cut was made
close up to the joint The fourth leaf was removed, and
also parts of the largest remaining leaves were nipped off
to admit air and light to the cuttings, where many are put in
close together. This cutting away the tips is well with all varie-
ties having large leaves, as it also prevents an unnecessary absorp-
tion of moisture from the material in which the cutting is placed
to root.
Clean sand is the best material in which to strike cuttings.
Whether placed in a propagating house where, in cold weather,
the sand may be heated from below to be fifteen degrees warmer
than the air in the house, or in a box or pan, it should be about
three inches deep, and be underlaid by broken pots or other
material for drainage. According to their size, cuttings are put
into the sand at various depths and distances apart, from an inch
for long-jointed ones to a third or half inch for small ones, and
at such a distance that the leaf points just touch. Water thoroughly
Fig. 17. Branch and
Cutting of Geranium.
the plant, and also
THE HOME FLORIST. 37
when the cuttings are first set, and then daily or every other
day as they require it, only guarding against allowing the surface
to become dry. Outside of a regular propagating bed, a bright,
sunny place in the window, where some air can be admitted, is
the best place for the cuttings, but whenever the sun shines shade
with paper.
From one to three or four weeks is the usual time required for
cuttings to root, depending upon the condition of the cutting or on
the kinds, some rooting much sooner than others. It is better to
pot them off as soon as the roots can be seen than to wait until
they become an inch or two long, which endangers their being
broken off. Their state may be easily ascertained while they are
yet in the sand by drawing some out for examination, which
can be replaced again. The callusing process always directly pre-
cedes the formation of roots, this being an irregular growth
which forms upon the base or along the side of a cutting, and
its presence is a healthy sign that roots will quickly appear. Af-
ter potting off, much the same care should be given the cuttings
as regards shading and watering, as they received in the cutting
bed, for the length of a week, or until the roots have started new
growth in the soil. Never put the most common plant in a dirty
pot. Never fill a pot so lull of soil but that it may receive and
hold water enough to go through ; every pot should have half an
inch or more of vacancy above the soil.
Some plants, like Carnations, Roses and many of the hardy
shrubs and vines are best propagated by layering, especially if
there is no convenience of a green-house propagating bed at hand.
Layering consists in Trending a growing branch into a depression
at the side of the plant, covering it
with soil to induce rooting, and allow-
ing the growing extremity to extend
out of the soil to form a new plant.
Fig. 18 represents a Carnation branch
prepared for layering. In preparing
the layer, at the lowest point of the
bend an oblique cut is made from the
under side, about half or two-thirds
Fig. 18. Layering the way through the branch. This is
Carnation. done for the purpose of preventing
the free return of the sap to the plant which tends to the forma-
tion of roots. To keep the layer in place it should be pegged down
THE HOME FLORIST.
as shown in the cut. A small bit of wood or other substance
should also be inserted in the cut to keep it from growing together.
The separation from the parent plant is not effected until the layer
is suificiently provided with roots, which will usually be in from
six to twelve %veeks, although layers of some hard-wooded plants
require a year or two to become rooted, but these are rarely in the
line of plants which amateurs propagate.
The " saucer " system of propagating cuttings is an excellent
one for amateurs. It consists of placing these close together
in a saucer or dish containing several inches of sand, and
then keeping the sand thoroughly satwated with water until
the cuttings are rooted. There is no need of shading the cuttings
from the sun, and the saucers may be kept constantly in the sun-
light, provided sufficient water is at all times present.
HANGING BASKETS AND GARDEN
VASES.
The plants of drooping, trailing and climbing habits are always
interesting and attractive, if planted where their peculiar growth
can be accommodated. The proper place for these is found
in hanging baskets, garden vases, window boxes, etc., and
these with judicious planting, form very effective means of
adornment. Hanging baskets are indeed very popular, be-
cause they are so easily given a place, even about houses
that afford no room for a flower garden, accommodating them-
elves to positions like under a piazza or tree, or a trellis on
the side of a house, or in front of a window, and thus enabling
thousands of plant admirers to possess a luxuriant growth of
plants and flowers, who but for them would be deprived of the
pleasure. Another recommendation for the hanging basket is its
slight cost, which, indeed, need be very little aside from the cost
of necessary plants, where a person possesses any skill at construc-
tion. A piece of strong wire, shaped and fastened into a circle,
and several yards of lighter w-ire attached to it and woven into a
sort of basket or dish-shaped stmcture, which, with being moss-
lined, will answer for holding soil, is all that is necessary for pro-
ducing the most beautiful effect. The manufactured eartbern
hanging pots, rustic and wire baskets, if of tasty design, are beau-
tiful for this purpose, but where their expense might be an objection ,
THE HOME FLORIST.
39
such a home-made basket will do quite as well and is pre-
ferred by most peoi^le. Those who are unacquainted with plants in
selecting some for this purpose should discriminate between droopers
and climbers, and the upright growing plants which are to be used
as the body of the display, such as Begonia, Centaurea, Geranium,
Fig. 19. A Hanging Basket of Plants.
Cuphea, etc. By carefully reading the descriptions of plants given
in this work, there will be no need of failure in making a suitable
selection. I will suggest that it is scarcely possible to stock a
hanging basket, much less a garden vase, well, with plants grown
from seed, as every cultivator wl d has made the attempt could
testify. The trouble is, that seed-grown plants cannot be reared
strong enough by Spring to make any show; and are not perma-
nent enough in the attractiveness of individual plants; besides,
only a few are strictly suitable, Sweet Alyssum. Thunbergia,
Petunia and Maurandia being the best that can be recommended
and for this purpose the seeds should be sown very early.
40 THE HOME FLORIST.
For adorning the lawn or the garden, nothing can he finer than
a vase of chaste design, of iron, stone or earthenware, jjlanted
with droopers at the edge, and Geraniums, HeUotropes, Fuchsias,
Caladiums, Cannas, or other attractive flowering and showy
plants in the centre. Vases if made of iron, are usually some-
what costly, but by removing them into a shed or outhouse at the
approach of Winter they may do service for a lifetime, on which
account they do not jDrove so expensive after all. Many people
prefer a rustic vase and these need not be costly to most persons,
as they are readily made with the use of a few tools, from material
procured from the woods.
Maiiag-enieiit. — The management of vases and hanging
baskets and window boxes is nearly identical. I desire to im-
press upon the minds of those who have their care in hand, the
importance of supplying them M'ith an abundance of water as
needed. Especially during hot weather v^'ater should be given to
them in sufficient quantity to thoroughly moisten every portion of
soil every time it is required, and this in dry weather will be pretty
often. This is about the only matter in which Abases and baskets
need attention after they are once established, and the difference
between their being well grown or poorly grown, nine times out
of ten, may be directly ascribed to the amount of attention or ne-
glect they receive in this respect. (Temperature 33°, 45°, 80°, ex-
cept where noted or elsewhere described). See Temperature, un-
der head of Plant Cidture in and about the House.
TRAILERS FOR BASKETS, VASES, TRELLISES, ETC.
Alternantheras. See description of varieties in general list of
plants.
Coliseum Ivy, a rapid growing drooper, forming a dense mass of
long, dark green foliage.
Deeringia variegata, a beautiful variegated plant of climbing
habit. (35°, 50°, 80^) '
Fic?<s ?'e29e?2S, an admirable plant for baskets, etc., having smaU,
almost round leaves, and wiry stems; distinct and beautiful.
(40°, 50^ 80°,)
Gazanias. See description of varieties in general list of plants.
Oeraniums. See descriprion of Ivy-leaf section in special article.
German Ivy (Senecio Mikanoides), not an ivy at all, but so-called
because of its ivy-shaped leaves; one of our most rapid grow-
ing climbers, always healthy, beautiful and attractive; very
desirable. (33«, 45?, 75^)
THE HOME FLORIST. 4I
Isolepsis gracilis, one of the grasses, forming a dense plant of
gracefully-drooping round blades of lively green color, each
bearing a small tuft-like bud at its end. (35°, 50'', yO^\)
Ivies. See description of varieties in the article on Ivies.
Lobelias, exceedingly valuable droopers; see description of varie-
ties in general list of j^lants.
Lonicera aurea reticulata, a pretty climber; the foliage is dis-
tinctly netted with gold upon green; very desirable for trelhs
culture; the root is hardy, with slight protection.
LopJiospliernum scandens, a climber, with attractive heart-shaped
foliage. (34^, 50 ^ 80^)
Madeira Viiie, well-known as an excellent climber for both Sum-
mer and Winter culture, with beautiful thick, glossy foliage;
excellent to train up the window and for trellis; a tuberous
plant, very easily grown. The dry tuber should be kept in a
warm, dry j^lace in Winter. (For forcing, So'', 50'', 90^.)
Mahernia odorata, a beautiful plant, with finely-cut foliage, cov-
ered in Spring with very many sweet-scented, bright yellow
flowers of bell shape; excellent in pots. (34", 50"^, 75'^.)
Maurandia Barclayana, a superb climber of rapid, dense growth,
producing many flowers of fox-glove shape; among the best
of plants for covering trellises in the open ground. It is
readily grown from seed, which should be sown early. (34°,
50^ 75°.)
Mesembryanthemums. See description of varieties in general hst
of plants.
Mimulus 7noschatus, the Musk Plant, the leaves of which emit
a genuine, yet delicate, musky odor; of compact, drooping
habit; very attractive as a pot plant. It can be propagated
either from seed, cuttings, or by division of the roots in the
Spring. The plant may be kept in a half dormant state dur-
ing Winter. (This and the following one, 34°, 45°, 89°.)
Mimulus triginoides, a variety producing exceedingly beautiful
golden and orange flowers of tubular shape, with the richest
maroon spots and blotches. Both delight in moisture.
Moneyvine (Lysimachia nummelaria), one of our most valuable
droopers; has handsome, dark green, chain-like foliage: its
rapid growing shoots will fall o\qv the edge of a vase or bas-
ket, and grow to the length of three or more feet; flowers
beautifully in June.
42 THE HOME FLORIST.
Moneyvine, Golden (L. lunnmelaria aurea). This is a variety
quite similar to the above, in form of foliage and habit, but
the color of the leaves is nearly golden yellow; not so rapid a
grower.
Poa trivalis, another fine grass, w-ith narrow white and green
variegated leaves. (40^, 60^ 80°.)
Saxifraga sarmentosa (Strawberry Geranium), a running straw-
berry-like plant of curious and interesting growth, with striped
and mottled foliage.
Torrenia Asiatica, a pretty drooping x^lant; will not bear much
cold; flowers blue, of lovely tint and shaj^e, and extremely
beautiful; excellent for pot culture in a warm place. (40^,
60^ 80°.)
Tradescantia Vulgaris (Joint Plant —Wandering Jew), an old-
fashioned drooper of the easiest culture, with beautiful dark
glossy foliage. It is quite certain of giving satisfaction.
Tradescantia repens vittata. The leaves variegated, as shown
in the engraving; are of a clear, waxy white and whitish yel-
low color, on bright, glossy green ground. Like all Trade-
scantias, it is particularly recommendable for home cultiva-
tion, either in baskets or pots, as it will thrive in a tempera-
ture either high or low, in a moist or dry atmosphere, and is
not at all particular as regards light, in this resj)ect being al-
most equal to the Ivy.
Tradescantia zehrina, a variety with finely-striped green and
reddish leaves.
Variegated Thyme, very desirable as a drooper and bedder, the
foliage being distinctly variegated.
Vinca minor variegata, one of the best and most attractive droop-
ers in cultivation; the leaves are from one to two inches in
diameter, and distinctly variegated; a rapid grower.
Other plants suitable for hanging baskets, vases, etc., are de-
scribed throughout the general list.
PLANT CULTURE IN AND ABOUT THE
HOUSE.
There are many persons so restricted in their surroundings as re-
gards room for flo\\'er growing that they liave to content them-
selves with cultivating plants only in and about the house, con-
THE HOME FLORIST.
43
verting a sunny or bay window into plant quarters in Winter, and
moving their plants under the veranda, or into the open air when
warm weather apiDroaches. This, with the planting of outside
windoT\^ boxes in Summer, the growing of hanging baskets, Fern-
eries, or Wardian cases, and Ivies for permanent, are about the
limit to which they dan indulge in plant-decorations. It is, how-
ever, a pleasure to know that even under such circumstances it is
not a very difficult matter, by going about it rightly, to have a
beautiful show of plants and flowers continually throughout the
year, without any great outlay of trouble and expense.
Opeii-Air Window Boxes. — Fig. 21 is an illustration of
the use of Open-Air
Window Boxes as a
ready means of grow-
ing j)lants and flowers,
and which is adapted
for ornamenting the
windows of any room,
either inside or out, be
it in the fii-st or fifth
story of a buflding, as
many rooms in the cities
are. These are simply
boxes made to fit the
window casing or sill,
and planted with Scar-
let Geranium, Mignon-
ette, the pretty blue
Lobelia, Verbena . Kcses,
and in fact about all
kinds of plants suitable
for the open air. Morn-
ing Glory, Ivy, Madeira
Vine, or other climbers
are suitable for plant-
ing at the ends of such
boxes to be trained on
wires up and around
Fig. 21. Open-Air Window Box.
the windows.
44 THE HOME FLORIST.
Plant Culture in Winter. — To learn what can be done at
plant forcing in winter, under favorable circumstances, it is only
necessary to see the large crops of flowers that are daily cut, and
also the beautiful foliage plants grown at this season, in the com-
mercial greenhouses. I would not encourage the thought that
plants can be grown as well in the dwelling as in the florist's well-
appointed structures, yet very satisfactory results can be obtained
here by nearly every one if only the matter is properly entered
upon and executed. Sometimes those whose efforts in growing
flovv^ers in the open air are well rewarded, find disappointment at-
tending similar undertakings in the Winter to their surprise. No
doubt the cause of this lies more frequently in the fact that the
necessary course of treatment is not sufficiently understood, than
that the conditions of light, heat, etc., which the dwelling affords,
are unfavorable to plant life. Such conditions have their influ-
ence surely, but, then, the adaptability of plants is so varied, that
at least a number of varieties may be found which will thrive un-
der any circumstances that are likely to exist in our dwellings.
Under the head of "Open- Air Floriculture" are given directions
for preparing plants for Winter flowering.
The Winter Quarters. — Next to a conservatory, built ex-
pressly for plants, a bay window, off from the living-room, and
from which it will receive sufficient warmth, is the best place for
cultivating plants in Winter, although a window facing east,
south, or west, answers the purpose very well. Should we be
even less fortunate and have only windows with a northern ex-
posure, and no sun in Winter, there is no need of being entirely
deprived of the beauty of plants and flowers, because the Ivies,
Begonias, Euonymus, Callas, Tradescantias, Achryanthes, etc. ,
and, perhaps, most important of all, the entire list of Hardy
Bulbs, all of which will readily dispense with direct sunlight, will
thrive beautifully here with fair conditions of heat, air and moist-
ure. But these last named things are essential to plant growth
under any other circumstances as well.
Temperature, Selection of Plants, Protection, etc.
—The amateur, vdio, for the first time might want to engage in
plant culture in the windoM% would naturally ask, what plants
can best be grown in my house ? The ans\ver to this question is
not a very difficult one to arrive at in each case, provided first, that
the temperature which can be maintained in the plant quarters to bt.
Tea Rose White Bon Silene
46
THE HOME FLORIST.
is known, and then also the degrees of temperature which the vari-
ous plants suited to Winter culture will best thrive in respectively,
Recall to your mind the lowest temperature of previous seasons,
as indicated by the thermometer, or if you were without this al-
most indispensable instrument to the plant grower, recollect
whether it ever fell to 32^— the freezing point— and allow this
knowledge to guide you as to the lowest extreme. Now for guid-
ance in making selections suited to your temperature, observe the
figures and degrees in parenthesis which have been placed in con-
nection with the names of all the plants described throughout
this work as suitable for window culture. These figures indicate
the extremes of temperature that every plant described will bear,
and also the intermediate degree most congenial to its growth as
a night temperature. To render this more clear, let us take as an
instance the Abutilons. described on the 125th page. The descrip-
tions and cultural directions of this family are preceded by (33.
45, 85^), which indicates that the plants will bear a temperature
of 33° as one extreme and 85° as the other, for some time without
injury, while 45° is best suited to the plant as a night tempera-
ture; ten to twenty-five degrees above this is to be considered
nearest right for their grow^th in the daytime.
It should be understood in this connection that plants can be
safely kept through several additional
degrees of cold than indicated by the
first temperature figure (lowest extreme)
by protection, and it is safe to calculate
somewhat on this for the few excessively
severe nights of each Winter, by giving
the more tender ones especial care at such
times. Simply pinning several thick-
nesses of newspaper over a plant, as
shown in the annexed cut, would pro-
tect it sufficiently for remaining a num-
ber of hours in a temperature from five
to ten degrees lower than it would other-
wise bear. Ordinarily wdiere danger
from frost is apprehended from leaving
plants next to the window, they can be
romoved to the middle or further side of the room, w^hich is sure
to be several degrees warmer. By setting them close together it
is easy to protect the lot by spreading newspapers on them and
Fig. 22. Protection.
THE HOME FLORIST. 4/
throwing a blanket over all. It really does not seem necessary
to mention that to correct too high a temperature in the plant
quarters air should be admitted from the outside.
The various varieties of the Ivy family possess so many desira-
ble qualities as house plants, thriving under such widely varying
conditions, that they are recommended to all cultivators as a class
with which failure is scarcely possible.
Indoor Plant Management. — Airing.— As often as the
weather, from its mildness, will allow of introducing air among
the plants from the outside, it should be done, but be careful to
avoid a strong, direct draft of wind upon them. Cold air strik-
ing on Roses is the common cause of mildew. Maintain a tem-
perature as nearly uniform as possible, endeavoring to keep it at
a degree best suited to the majority of the plants in the collection,
being guided in this respect by the figures in parenthesis which
accompany the descriptions of plants.
Moisture and Watering. — One difficulty amateurs have to con-
tend with in growing plants in the living room — especially if heat-
ed with anthracite coal stoves and furnaces— is dryness of the
atmosphere. This can in a measure be obviated by nailing a nar-
row strip of board on the front and back edges of the plant-stand
shelves, or false bottom of the window sill, and filling up with
three-fourths of an inch of sand, upon which the pots are to be
placed ; keeping the sand quite wet. The moisture escaping coun-
teracts the dryness of the air. It will improve appearances to
cover the surface between the pots with n oss. Sprinkle the foliage
of all growing plants occasionally, and whenever the surface of
the earth shows signs of dryness, w^ater so that the soil is sat-
urated and no more. Too much water passing through impov-
erishes the soil and does the plant no good. As a rule, in the Win-
ter, do not allow water to stand in the saucers continually, as it
tends to sour the earth.
Insects. — If any plants become infested with Aphis or Green-
fly, take a handful of tobacco stems, steep in water until it looks
like strong tea, and wash the affected foliage, or else fumigate
the plants by burning tobacco stems in a close apartment or even
a large box in which they have been placed. The presence of the
minute Red Spider on the underside of the leaves of plants, and
causing them to turn brown, indicates too try an atmosphere
wdiere they are. Any plants afl!ected should, several times daily,
receive a thorough sprinkling or washing with water. Mealy
48
THE HOME FLORIST.
Sunset.
THE HOME FLORIST. 49
Bug and Scale, if they appear, may be exterminated by washing
and brushing the affected part of the plant with warm soapsuds.
To remove Angle Worms, plants should be tajjped out of the pots
and the worms picked from the ball of earth.
Improving' Plants by Pruning-. — "How shall I grow
my plants compact and symmetrical in form ? " is a question
frequently asked by amateur florists. It is a simple matter, and
is accomplished by jud cious pruning and cutting. In nearly aU
flowering plants, excepting those grown from bulbs, also in
trees and shrubs, buds are formed at the axis of the leaves
along the stem or branches, w^hile the growth usually proceeds
from its termination. This, in tender perennial plants, if not
checked, continues to grow, and may cause a tall or unshapely
form, but by cutting off at any point, or pinching out the termi-
nal buds, new shoots start out at the leaf-joints below the cut,
or if already started, commence to grow with increased vigor,
and will, in due time, result in a better-shaped and more bushy
plant or branch. Pruning or pinching should be more generally
resorted to than it is^ for, by observing the principle of growth
alluded to, and varying the pruning to the habit of the kind,
it is just as easy to have your plants, either in the house, con-
servatory or garden, of fine form, as to have them otherwise,
and they are so much more rewarding and agreeable to work
among. Little danger exists of cutting away too much; persons
who resort to pruning frequently err in cutting too little. Old
plants with long, leafless branches may be entirely reshaped by
severe pruning.
Keep the Plants Clean.— To be healthy a plant must
have clean foliage, and it is necessary to go over the window col-
lection occasionally, and wash the leaves by the use of a sponge,
otherwise, with the dust from the room accumulating upon them,
they will in time receive injury. It is a capital plan to throw a
sheet of cloth over the plants when sweeping and until after the
dust has settled, but even then an occasional sponging is useful.
In the case of bay windows, glass doors or curtains should be
provided, which can be closed during sweeping.
Convenient Fertilizers for Pot Plants.— The gar-
gardener who would derive profitable returns from his land for
years in succession, learns the need of providing the soil with an
equivalent in fertilizing matter— plant food— for each crop that
50 THE HO^IE FLORIST.
has been taken from it. In this is involved a principle that will
apply to any kind of husbandry, and as well to plant culture in
pots as in the open ground. With the treatment young, thrifty
plants receive of being repotted occasionally as their growth ad-
vances, and each time receiving a belt or layer of new fertile
earth, the principle we have referred to may appear and to an
extent is exceptional while this goes on. But as plants attain
considerable size, it is well not to shift them so frequently as
when small; one reason being that the smaller the pots can be
kept, the more conveniently they are managed, and then the
plants should receive some artificial stimulant at times. It may
be said a]sothatgenerally,itisbettertokeepall plants in the small-
est iDots that will answer for them, and such a course also neces-
sitates providing the soil with fertilizing matter of some kind as
plant food. Some suitable article in a concentrated or liquid
form, is most convenient to apply, but it must be done w^ith cau-
tion by the inexperienced cultivator, else it may be too strong, or
ii given in an overdose, injury to the plants result. For general
porposes a garden shovelful of rotten cow or horse manure — that
taken from an old hot-bed is excellent — put in a barrel of water
and stirred up with a stick, and then left to settle before apply-
ing to the plants, will have a good effect upon their growtli if sup-
plied freely, and it will not be strong enough to injure them. I
hardly care to encourage the use of liquid manure made from
guano, except by skillful hands. It is usually prepared in the
proportion of one large tablespoonf ul to one gallon of hot water,
aud stirred until it is dissolved. This may be applied once a week,
taking care not to touch the plant or leaves. Hen manure may
be substituted and used in about the same quantity. A safe liquid
fertilizer is obtained by dissolving a tablespoonful of prepared
bone, ground sufficiently fine to be soluble, in a gallon of warm
water. This may be applied in sufficient quantity to soak the en-
tire ball of earth, and will have a remarkable effect upon plant
growth.
An excellent liquid fertilizer, for Eoses in pots may be prepared
by dissolving a tablespoonful of soot in two quarts of warm water.
By giving the plants a small portion of this each week they will
make rapid advances. A solution of ammonia, made by dissolv-
ing a i ounce of the crystal in two gallons of water, w^ill improve
the growth of plants if freely applied. One distinction between
rain water and wa'.er obtained from wells is tlie presence of a
THE HOME FLORIST. 5 I
small quantity of ammonia in the former, which may be taken
as an explanation for the usually accepted belief, that rain water
is better for x^lants than that drawn from wells or springs.
Ho^v to Treat Frozen Plants. — The disastrous effects
which tender plants that have become frozen are subject to is
generally known to cultivators; but how or why freezing pro-
duces the effect it does upon plant life is not so well known. In
practice it is found, that the length of time, and the degree
of cold to which plants are exjDosed, affect them in proportion to
the duration and intensity of these conditions, which points,
therefore, to the speedy restoration of a suitable temperature as
the best means of restoring plants that have been unfortunately
exposed to frosts. But the thawing out should, in all cases, be
gradual, and one of the best things to do wdien plants have be-
come frozen, either in the dwelling, conservatory or in the open
air, is to sprinkle the foliage with cold cistern or well water, as
the temperature turns to rise. In tlie dwelling or conservatory,
however, it will be necessary to start the fire in the stove, fur-
nace or flue the first thing of all, to give the temperature an as-
cendency, but it should for several hours not be allowed to rise
above an ordinary suitable degree. Some advocate shading the
plants from the sun and light for some length of time, but the
j)olicy of so doing has never been apparent to me, while I have
frequently had strong proofs to the contrary; that, the sun's rays
striking upon the plants with gradually increasing heat, in a great
measure aids their recovery. There is a great difference in
plants, as regards their ability to resist cold, and while some the
slightest frosts will injure beyond cure, others will bear various
degrees, and even alternative freezing and thawing again and
again with impunity. Avoid handling plants in a frozen condi-
tion as much as possible, as the injury to them will be heightened
should the leaves become bent or be roughly brushed over. To re-
store flowers that have become frozen, place them in cold water
until they have thawed out.
Ferneries or Warclian Cases. — Lovers of plants and
flowers should not overlook the advantages presented by these novel
and successful appliances, for growing plants in ^the dwelling at
any time, but particularly in the Winter. Dryness of atmos-
phere and dust are among the detrimental influences which we
meet in Winter plant culture, but by adopting the Wardian case
52
THE HOME FLORIST.
principle of growing plants, these
are entirely avoided, and, instead,
a uniformly moist atmosphere is
gained, which is altogether con-
genial to plant growth, no matter
how dry the air outside in the
drawing-room or j)arlor may be.
A glass case or shade is the jDrin-
cipal agent employed. This is
placed over plants growing in a
vase or stand, to which it is fit-
ted, and completely surrounding
them. The glass retains the mois-
ture of the atmosphere, and con-
stantly returns it to the bed, thus
also making frequent watering
unnecessary. Usually plants with striking foliage are employed
in Fernery culture, the Ferns and Lycopodiums being especially
prized for the purpose, although all mentioned for this purpose
in the descriptions, including the flowering Begonias, are quite
suitable. After planting the Fernery, the only care necessary to
its management is to prop up the glass on one side, or entirely
remove it for a short time daily after the morning dusting, and to
pick out all decaying flowers and foliage. Water should be given
only when the surface of the soil becomes dry, which will not be
often.
Fig. 23. Round Fernery.
Culture of Bulbs in Glasses, etc. — Taking advantage of
the peculiarity of the Dutch bulbs to grow and flower freely in any
medium capable of retaining moisture, M^e find it eas}^ with a
little forethought, to have a profusion of bloom in the house or
conservatory during the Winter, and the presence of their brilliant
colors among the various pot plants is very deshable for adding
to the attractiveness of collections. Whether bulbs are grown
in glasses of water or in pots, vases or other holders, they should,
to make a complete success of the undertaking, be removed after
planting, to a cellar, or a cool, dark place, to remain six or eight
weeks, for the purpose of causing a growth of roots before the
leaves and flower stems start up. From here they can be brought
directly into the parlor or conservatory where tliey are to flower.
The difference of a week or two between the periods of starting
THE HOME FLORIST.
53
■will produce a corres-
ponding difference in
the periods of bloom.
When growing Hya-
cinths or Crocus in the
glasses made for the
purpose, see that the
base of the bulb, only,
touches the water; also,
after admitting to the
light, the water should
be changed occasion-
ally. In pot, box or
vase culture, bulbs
should be planted one-
third or one-half of
their heights in the soil
or other material em-
ployed, moderately
pressing the same
around the bulb and
applying enough water
to soak thoroughly be-
fore placing into the
dark as above alluded
to. Bulbous plants of
any kind should never
I e allowed to suffer for
Fig. 23. Square Fernery, lack of water while in
a growing state. A very good course to pursue in managing bulbs
in glasses, is by first starting them in clean sand in some cool place,
and after they have become well rooted, transferring them to the
glasses, first washing all sand from the roots. Dark colored glasses
are preferable to clear ones for bulb culture. Any attempt at forc-
ing the hardy bulbs will be quite certain of being attended Avith suc-
cessful results. The flowers will develope most beautifully in a
rather cool place, but where the theremometer never reaches a
freezing point, for, although a slight freeze will not destroy them,
it will lessen the beauty of the flowers.
54 THE HOME FLORIST.
Do Plants Poison the Air We Breathe— There is
a notion somewhat prevalent that growing plants in rooms are
detrimental to a healthy atmosphere by their giving out poison-
ous carbonic acid gas in the night time. It has been demonstrated
that growing plants do exhale an almost imperceptible quantity of
carbonic acid gas, which, in very small proportions, is necessary
in the air we breathe. But it is also shown that the quantity ex-
haled at night is but the one-sixteenth part of what the same
plants absorb from the atmosiDhere during the day, and convert
into neari}^ its own weight of oxygen, thus rendering a poisonous
gas, that derives its origin from various sources, into one of the
principal elements of pure air.
If carbonic acid gas is emitted from plants in dangerous
quantities, it certainly would exist largely in the night atmosphere
of a close greenhouse heated to a tropical temperature, and crowded
from floor to rafter with the rank vegetation of thousands of plants.
Yet, no florist, to myknowdedge, has ever found the slighest ill ef-
fects to attend night work in greenliouses, or even from making the
warm houses sleeping quarters of a night, or for an entire win-
ter, practical proofs that the notion is a fallacy. The fact that per-
haps no healthier class of men can be found anywhere than green-
house operators, who work constantly in an atmosphere where
plants are growing, would go to show that living plants exert
altogether a very beneficial influence upon the air we breathe.
THE HOME FLORIST
55
THE AMATEUR^S CONSERVATORY.
A well-managed Plant Conservatory opening from the living
room, and accessible at all times, is perhaps, the most beautiful
and ever-changing source of recreation that can be introduced
in connection with the home, and in consideration of the attrac-
tive features it possesses is comparatively an inexpensive source
of gratification, particularly if the duties connected with its
management are discharged by the patrons of its innumerable
stores of interest.
The subject of conservatories for amateurs in America is, at
56 THE HOME FLORIST.
the present time, comparatively new and undeveloped. This is
especially true outside of our large cities, and doubtless many
have given the subject of possessing one some consideration,
only to finally drop it in the belief that, however desirable one
might be, its erection for a moderate amount, and the after
management of it, would for them be out of the question.
It is my desire to i^resent such facts and suggestions relative to
building, stocking and managing home conservatories as my ex-
perience points out as being applicable to the wants of amateur
florists, hoping by these means to remove erroneous impressions,
and enable the reader to view the matter in a practical light.
Utility of a Couservatory. — With the erection of a suit-
able structure, cut flowers for bouquets and other uses can be
grown almost as w^ell in the winter as in the open ground in the
summer, thus affording a continuous season of flowers all the
year. Besides this, beautiful and rare decorative plants may be
grown to great perfection, and young plants for the flower gar-
den, hanging baskets and other purposes can be raised without
additional expense, while vegetable and flower seeds of all kinds
may be started. Th-ese various last-named items, with the grow-
ing of flowers, wdiich would otherwise be bought at the florist's
in winter, might be made to go far towards balancing the ex-
pense and investment account. Besides, in most small towns,
where no regular florist is located, or in the rural districts, the
home conservatory, aside from serving the purpose for which it
was mainly intended, might readily be made self-supporting,
and more, if those who have the management in hand would de-
sire to engage in growing a stock of plants and some extra hang-
ing baskets, and offering them for sale at a reasonable price.
They would be surprised to see how eagerl}^ neighbors and friends
would purchase all their surplus in the spring, when the plants
would be in full flower. And were more cut flowers and foliage
grown, than would be needed at home by letting it be known, a
demand could easily be created for them at paying prices, to be
used for decorating at weddings, j)arties, etc. I make these sug-
gestions in the belief that in tliousands of localities throughout
our country persons might combine profit with pleasure in culti-
vating plants and flowers in the conservatory with the most pleas-
ing results. Ladies and young people, especially, would find this
a fascinating employment for spare moments and one free from
heavy toil.
THE HOME FLORIST.
57
Plans and Approximate
Cost. • — Although conservatories
that are erected in connection with
the home may be built in costly
style, to serve a highly ornamental
purpose in an architectural sense, I
would by no means have it inferred
that a good one cannot be erected
for quite a small sum of money. I
Fig. 26. End View of a Cheap can call to mind structures of this
Conservatory. kind, on private places, tbat have
cost various figures, from $2,000 or $3,000 each, down to $100 and
less. One very simple structure in this city, which is heated by
an ordinary base-burning coal stove, and in which at all times
can be seen a fine growth of plants, hanging baskets and flowers,
has pleased me so much that I have had an engraving made of
the ground plan of it as shown in figure 27. The building is ten
by twelve feet, and is seven feet to the rafters at the lower end.
being a lean-to against a dwelling,
two and a half feet high, and nearly
two feet wide. On the fioor at the
sides and ends of the aquarium, are
placed tall plants, such as the side
benches will not accommodate. In
case an aquarium were not wanted,
a plant bench might be built up a.
foot or more from the floor in its
stead. The sides of the house from
The beds or benches are
D
J
Fig. 27. A Ground Plan.
A, coal stove; B, a screen placed
the benches upward are of glass, and ^^ ^ ^^'^}^ allowing: the heat to
^ ^ ' strike underneath as well as over
the ventilators are fixed in the roof, it; C, aquarium or plant bench; D,
mi /?j_ J. 1 ^ j2 plant bench; E water barrel o^
The rafters support a number of fine sink; F, entrance from dwelling.
growing hanging baskets, and altogether the house is quite com-
plete, and cost the owner, perhaps, inside of $60.
The large view of a conservatory. Fig. 25, represents a house,
size sixteen by twenty-four feet, tlv^, cost of which would be $700
and upwards, if heated in the most approved style, with hot water
boiler, and one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet of four-
inch cast iron pipe. The same sized house miglit, however, be buOt
in plain, durable style, similar to Fig. 26, for about half that fig-
ure and be precisely as valuable for plant growing, while by em-
ploying a cheaper means of heating, which is much used by flor-
58
THE HOME FLORIST.
ists, namely, the brick furnace and flue, the cost might again be
lessened $150, wliich would bring the entire cost down to $200,
and perhaps even less, for what would be quite a large-sized
house. By building of smaller dimensions the cost could be again
reduced. In a house like the one represented in Fig. 25, the ven-
tilators for admitting fresh air consist of the side sashes, of
the raised portion of the roof; these are hung by hinges from
above, and are w^orked by means of pulleys or rods from the in-
terior. The roof of Fig. 26 is built more simple, and the ventila-
tors consist of sashes, which reach either from the plate board to
the ridge piece, or else a part of this distance, starting from
the centre f the house. These ventilating sashes by being hinged
at their lower ends, are raised and lowered by means of a light
iron bar eighteen inches long, with holes in, attached to the top
of the sash, and which is caught on a round nail in the ridge
piece. Fig, 28 represents the cross section of this house, showing
the internal arrangement of the beds and walks, and also the
brick flues for heating, which are under the side beds. The walks
should be two and a half to three feet wide, and extend from the
dwelling entrance to the outside door on each side of the middle
bed. The cross section A shows a bed in a house, heated by two
four-inch hot water pipes. The brick furnace or the hot water
boiler for heating might in many cases be placed to be fed with
fuel, from the basement of the dwelling.
In heating with a hot water boiler and pipes the heat is im-
parted to the interior by ihe hot water pipes from the boiler
laying in one continuous line
throughout the building, un-
der the beds, and returning to
the boiler again. In some
cases the smoke from the boiler
might be conducted to the
chimney of the dwelling.
Through these pipes the water
circulates, continually flowing
from and returning to the
jrifj^ 28. boiler for heat. With furnace
and flue heating it is different; here the heat is distributed direct-
ly from the latter, which is built to pass nearly around the house,
under the side beds, with a gradual ascent the entire distance, to
give draft, opening into a cliimney built at the side of the con-
THE HOME FLORIST. 59
servatoiy near the further end. At the outside door it will be
necessary to cover the pipes or flue with a low platform raised six
or more inches above them. The sides and ends of a conserva-
tor}^, ujD to the glass, should be built by boarding against the studs
with matched flooring, the tongue side up, both in and outside;
by lining with tarred building felt or boards against the studs,
the structure will be rendered much warmer. After the wood
work is finished it should receive several coats of paint, white be-
ing the color generally preferred.
In a recent number of the Ohio Farmer, Mr. Milton Mansfield
gives some excellent points on the construction of small glass
houses that may be found useful in this place. He says that
small greenhouses for raising bedding plants, as well as vegeta-
bles, can be either built with fixed or movable roofs, the latter
being the better, using sash which can be fallen off during sum-
mer, Avhen not required . If good white oak posts can be se-
cured, get them six feet long, and sufiicient in number to put into
the wall every six feet. The house can be made any length up to
50 feet, if it be heated with flue. Let us allow the house wanted
to be thirty feet long and ten feet wide, inside measurement; for
six feet long sash this makes the best width. It will require 13
posts, 6 for each side and one for centre of end. Sink the posts
into the ground 2^ feet, allowing 3^ feet above the surface of the
ground, allowing the posts to be four inches in diameter; set them
lOf feet from outside to outside. Line up with common pine
lumber, having the upper edge level with the top of the posts.
Cover this with roofing paper, fastening it down with strips half
an inch thick, which affords an air space between the paper and
the next lining, which may be of same kinds of boards as the
first, or may, if it cannot be banked up with soil, either cove or
cap siding, but it is the better way if convenient for this kind of
house to bank up with soil; it keeps the house warmer and re-
quires less fuel to keep up the necessary temperature. On the
top of the posts put on a plank 1x6 inches, surfaced on upper side
to rest the rafters on. Joists 2x3 inches, having one corner bevel-
ed off to the same pitch of the house for the end of the sash to
rest on; spike this down one inch from the inner ecige of the 6-inch
plank, which affords a rest for the end of the rafters. The rafters
being also 3x2 inches, are made and fitted so that the upper edge
of them, where the sash rests, shall be flush with the beveled edge
of the joist; then the sash lies close at the bottom and tight to the
6o
THE HOME FLORIST.
Perle des Jardins,
THE HOME FLORIST. 6l
rafters. For a ridge, 6x14^ inches is the most suitable, to which
nail the rafters, which should be 3 feet aj)art from centre to cen-
tre. Bevel the upper ends of the sash so that they shall fit neat-
ly against the ridge. Make every alternate sash so that it can be
raised to admit of thoroughly ventilating the house. The other
sash screw tightly down at the top and bottom.
The flue should be built of brick and terra cotta pipes, using
brick for about 12 feet next the furnace, as if the pipes are placed
too near they are liable to break from the intense heat. They are
better, however, than brick at the further end, being easier
^varmed, and being smooth inside, the draft is much better; 8-inch
sewer pipe answers very well. Sink the furnace pit so that there
be a rise of about ojie foot in i*^ to the bottom of the chimney.
A house this size (10 feet wide) can have benches four feet wide
on each side of the path, which for all practical jDurposes is wide
enough at two feet. If the house is to be used for raising vegeta-
ble plants, have the bottom of the benches about 4 inches from
the glass at the lower side; this allows plenty of head room for the
plants after about 4 inches of soil is placed on them in which to
grow them. If for single bedding plants, they may be kept nearer
the glass, and instead of soil on benches, have an inch or two of
sand or finely sifted coal ashes. It is better to have something on
the boards of this nature, as it prevents drying out of the plants
too rapidly, which is the case when set on the bare boards.
Winter Manag-eme lit. — The conservatory in winter should
be kept at as uniform a temperature in the night time — that is one
night with another — as possible, and at a figure adapted to the
requirements of the majority of the collection. I say night time
because the inside atmosphere is not then affected by influence
of sun and clouds, which renders it easier thus to give and ob-
serve directions, besides in the day time a uniform temperature
is undesirable, as plants in the conservatory require more heat
when it is sunny than in cloudy wheather. This is a point that
should be carefully observed by every inexperienced operator.
A thermometer is indispensable to indicate the temperature.
Throughout the descriptions of plants in this book, the tempera-
ture best suited to each is indicated to guide their management in
the conservatory. In most cases three figures indicating temper-
ature are given, the first one showing the lowest point of cold
each plant will bear, the last tlie highest degree, with the most
62
THE HOME FLORIST.
Bourbon Base — Queen of Bedders,
generally suitable night temperature shown by the middle figure.
A temjDerature of 10° or even above, will suit any kind of plants
when the sun shines, provided some air is admitted at the same
time, while in cloudy days more than lO'^ above a suitable night
temperature is not desirable and should be guarded against by
checking the fire if necessary or admitting air. When airing do
not open the ventilators so much at once as to greatly lower the
temperature suddenly. A little air at least is desirable every
day in the year when the weather is not too severe, while in warm
spring, summer and autumn weather the ventilators may be kept
wholly or partially open all the while. When the surface of the
soil in pots indicates dryness, water should be freely applied with
THE HOME FLORIST. 63
the pot hose, as plants are soon injured by becoming over
dry. Looking over the collection every second day in winter, and
daily in spring, watering profusely where it is required, is none
too often; in a house heated with the flue, it may be necessary to
water several times daily over the hottest part of the flue. Water
occasionally syringed or sprinkled over all the plants renders the
air humid in a way that will be beneficial to all kinds of plant life.
The matter under the head of a Classification of the Amateur's
Work for Every Week in the Year, contains much other informa-
tion that bears on conservatory management in the winter a?
well as summer.
Siiininer Maiiag-ement.— If the glass roof be whitened on
the outside with a thin wash made either of quicklime and
water, or else of turpentine or naphtha and a little white lead
mixed up so as to appear like thin milk, the home conservatory
can be made a most delightful place all summer. But if this or
some kind of shading is not done the scorching rays of the sum-
mer sun will cause heat of sufficient intensity to hurt many
kinds of plant life in the building; this wash should be applied
about the first of June. Then, with doors and ventilators open,
by dashing water. on the walks, and profusely sprinkling and
watering the plants, etc., the atmosphere maybe kept agreeable
and hanging baskets and all kinds of plants will thrive amazing-
ly, particularly if abundant pot room has been afi'orded the lat-
ter. With the return of August and the two following months,
the securing of plants from the open ground will require atten-
tion, and fire heat may be started a little in cool nights, but dur-
ing the day, as late as possible in the season, the ventilators
should be kept open. It is well always to have an inch of sand on
the benches where pots are set.
Propag-ation of all kinds of plants may be successfully done
at most any season of the year in the conservatory. The bed in
which the cuttings are struck should be boarded up on the sides,
underneath, to cause the heat from the pipes or flue to rise up
through the sand, for imparting the desired bottom heat to the
bed. See special article on the subject of Propagation.
Insects, etc.— Aphis or Green-fly are very common intrud-
ers in the greenhouse ; these may be destroyed, and also pre-
vented, by dampening ore-fourth or one-half pound of dry
refuse tobacco or stems from the cigar maker, and after placing
15 \
64
THE HOME FLORIST.
it on a handful of shavings or live coals, on the ground or stone
floor, burning to ashes. The smoke thus produced may be strong
enough to be very uncomfortable indeed to human lungs and
senses, without affecting plants. The presence of Red Spider in-
dicates too dry an atmosphere, and this should be corrected by
dashing vrater about the house very freely. Any plants affected
b}' this insect should daily receive a thorough sprinkling or wash-
ing of water. Mealy Bug and Scale may be exterminated by
washing and brushing the affected part of the plant. To remove
Angle Worms, plants should be tapped out of the pots, and the
worms picked from the ball of earth. Should mildew at any
time put in an appearance, scatter a little flour of sulphur over
the plants after the foliage is wet from watering and keep the
nouse closed for a day or two.
TI-IE HOME FLORIST.
65
ROSES.
[I, the queen of all the roses, it can never be
cenied,
Is the heavy crimson rose of velvet leaf !
There is such a gracious royalty about her
vivid bloom.
That among- all charming- kindred she is
chief !
Then the fainter shaded roses, in their Dalmy
damask pride,
Group like satellites about one central star
Royal princesses, of whom we can discover
at a glance
What aristocrats the dainty creatures are !
Then those tender gauzy roses, clustered
closely on their vines,
They are gentle maids of honor, I am told;
But the pompous yellow roses, these are sneer-
ed at, it is said.
For so showing off the color of their gold !
And the roses that are povverleis to boast of
any tint,
Un.sullied as the snow itself in hue.
These are pious nuns; I fancy, v/ho perhaps
may murmur prayers
Very softly upon rosaries of dew !
But the delicate pink roses that one meets in
the quiet lanes,
Gleaming pale upon a background of clear
green,
Why, these are only peasant girls, who never
goto court,
But are loyal little subjects of their queen !
THE ROSE FAMILY.
As a rule experienced cultivators are ready to admit, I think,
that Roses are no more difficult to rear, in proportion to their
value, than any other family of plants in cultivation; and yet
there is scarcely a subject connected with floriculture, in which
amateurs generally realize so great a lack of knowledge, as on
the subject of the different kinds of Roses and their management.
66
THE HOME FLORIST.
Hybrid Perpetual Rose — Coquette des Alps.
Tliis can be accounted for by the fact that the family is extensive
and diversified, and consequently not so easy to fully compre-
hend and gain an acquaintance v^ith as some others are. The
right way to proceed for becoming familiar with the entire sub-
ject is to carefully discriminate at all times between the various
THE HOME FLORIST. 6/
classes into which the family is divided, bearing in mind the dis-
tinct habits, adaptability and treatment of each. By such a
course there need be no more difficulty in becoming familiar with
all the classes and every branch of the subject, than to master an
acquaintance with the same number of different kinds of other
plants. In the present work there are for instance eight different
classes of roses described. By proceeding on the plan suggested,
the distinct characteristics as well as the management of all these
ought to be as easily mastered as w^ould be the same with any
eight different other flowers described in the book. Being desir-
ous of rendering all possible aid in this matter, I have paid due at-
tention to simplifying it, firstly, by presenting the Hardy and
Tender divisions of the family separately, and then describing the
classes that are included in each, following up with directions for
managing the different kinds in summer and winter.
HARDY ROSES.
This division of Roses includes the classes known as the Hybrid
Perpetual Roses, June or Summer Roses, Climbing Roses, Moss
Roses, etc. , all of which are noted for their hardiness and easy
culture.
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.— This is by far the most de-
sirable class of hardy Roses for general cultivation, being vigor-
ous and robust in habit and producing flowers, usually very fra-
grant, and which for immense size, perfect form and gorgeous
colors are unequaled. This class is of more recent introduction
than some others, having originated from ■ hybridizing the June
or Summer Rose with the ever-blooming section. Although the
name would indicate the quality of blooming perpetually, only
some varieties are strictly deserving of the name, for as a rule
they flower freely but once in early summer, after which they
cannot be depended upon for more than a few flowers; but as an
offset to such mis-application of the term "perpetual," the flowers
of these more shy-blooming varieties are likely to be possessed of
more than ordinary perfect form, fragrance or color. The more
prolific varieties, however, not only produce a wealth of flowers
in June and July, but again at intervals during the summer, with
usually an increase toward autumn. Although this class is com-
paratively hardy in this latitude, it is always best to protect with
straw in winter. The remarks elsewhere relative to removing
6s THE HOME FLORIST.
matured flowers apply with particular stress to Hybrid Perpetual
Roses.
JUNE OR SUMMER ROSES.— The varieties of this class are
all perfectly hardy, free growers, producing an abundant crop of
flowers in June or early summer, and will thrive in any soil and
under almost any circumstances. Specimens of this class are to
be found in nearly every old garden in the country. Many of
the improved varieties are very desirable. The Hybrid China,
Damask and Provence sections belong to this class.
HARDY CLIMBING ROSES —This class, of which the Prairie
Roses are the principal sorts, are generally vigorous growers with
strong thorns and most admirably adapted to covering walls,
trellises, arbors, etc. They are well known for their perfect hardi-
ness, rapid growth, fine foliage and beautiful and finely-shaped
flowers, comprising many different colors.
MOSS ROSES.— An elegant and well-known class of Roses, in
most varieties producing large clusters of buds, that have indi-
vidually their calyx and sepals entirely covered with a delicate,
mossy growth wdiich renders them the perfection of beauty while
in a bud or half open state.
HYBRID REMONTANT, OR HYBRID PER-
PETUAL ROSES.
If delicacy describes the Teas, grandeur is the appellation pecu-
liarly appropriate to the beauty of the Hybrid Perpetuals. Their
flowers are much larger than those of the tender Roses and the
prevailing coloring is darker and richer than any found among
the Teas. In growth they are also decidedly stronger and more
vigorous. Their habit is erect and stiff rather than bushy and
branching, and they are perfectly hardy in all parts of the coun-
try. Although requiring no protection against the cold, it is
well where in every way convenient, to throw loose branches of
trees over them in winter as a shelter froin heavy winds. There
appears to be an idea somewhat prevalent among amateurs, that
these roses are only suitable for planting at the north, or that
they are not worthy of being grown, where the Teas can be win-
tered over without protection. The notion is wholly erroneous.
Their attractions are entirely different, and a collection that lacks
them, exhibits but half the beauty of the rose. It should be
THE HOME FLORIST. 69
well understood that these roses do not as a rule, bloom continu-
ously. In May and June they present a magnificent appearance,
the plants being fairly loaded with large, double flowers; a burst
of bloom seldom seen on any of the dwarf Teas. July, how-
ever, witnesses the last of them until September and October,
when most of the varieties, under good treatment, produce a
second crop, not nearly so liberal as the first one, but often in-
cluding individual fiowers of greater perfection. Some kinds
bloom almost as constantly as the Teas and Bourbons, but they
are few.
Abbe Bramerel — Crimson, shaded with velvety purple; a grand
rose, full and very double.
Abel Car riere— Velvety crimson, with fiery centre; large, full
flowers; fragrant,
AcJiille Gonod — Rosy carmine, full form and large size. .
Admiral Nelson — Bright crimson, double, cupped form.
Alfred Colomb — Carmine crimson, very large, of fine globular
form, extremely fragrant. This is truly a magnificent sort.
Alfred K. Williams — Carmine red, changing to magenta.
Alphonse Fontaine -'Briglit carmine, shaded with rich, ruby
scarlet; a charming sort, large and full.
Amelie Hoste — Pink, reverse of petals; darker, large and full,
fragrant and beautiful.
Amelie Plantier — Flowers are a coppery yellow, color changing
to yellowish white; medium size and full form.
Anna ^Ze^ie^- Bright rose, large and double; free flowering.
Anna de Diesbach — Bright rosy carmine; a fine large, showy
variety.
Antoine Ilouton — Bright, glossy pink, reverse of petals, silvery
white; flowers of extraordinary size.
Auguste Mie — Clear, waxy rose, large and finely cupped; very
fragrant; an excellent rose.
Baron de Bonstetten — Velvety maroon, shaded with deep crim-
son, almost black, fragrant and fine.
Baroness Rothschild — Light, clear pink, large cupped form, very
symmetrical; much prized as a garden rose.
Baronne de Maynard — A very pretty white rose, edge of petals
shaded blush.
Baronne Prevost — Pure rose, very large and full, free bloomer,
fragrant and hardy.
^O THE HOMK FLORIST.
Beauty of Waltham— Bright, rosy crimson, large and fragrant; a
free bloomer.
Belle Normande — Clear rose, shaded and clouded with carmine
and lilac.
Boieldieu—A bright cherry red, circular flower of great size;
blooms freely; vigorous.
Boide de Neige — Pure white, medium-sized flowers of perfect form.
Captain Christy — Delicate flesh color, deepening toward centre.
A most lovely sort.
Cardinal Patrizzi — Dark velvety crimson, very attractive; a su-
perb rose.
Caroline de Sansal — Clear, brilliant rose, merging into rosy lilac,
edged with bronze ,
Catherine i^eZZ— Deep rose color, reverse of petals, silvery pink,
full and sweet; a vigorous grower.
Charles Darwin — Crimson with violet shadings, very beautiful
and distinct.
Charles Lefebvre — Brilliant crimson centre, deep purple, large,
very full and fragrant; a noble rose.
Charles Margotten — Fiery red, shaded with crimson, large, full
flowers; an excellent distinct rose.
Climbing Jules Margotten -Flowers same as "Jules Margotten,"
highly commended as a useful pillar rose.
Comtesse Cecile de ChabrilUant — Satiny pink, medium size, full
and fragrant; a lovely rose.
Comtesse de Choiseuil— Color vermilion, lighted Avith velvety
scarlet, large, full, imbricated form; vigorous grower; su-
perb.
Comtesse de Serenye — Beautiful silvery pink, blush centre, sweet
and X3erfectly formed, of great beaut}'.
Coquette des Alps - Shell tinted white, of delicate appearance and
beautiful color.
Coquette des Blanches— One of the finest whites, large and full;
fragrant.
Countess of Oxford— Carmine red, tinged with lilac ; a valuable
variety.
Crown Prince — Bright purple, criuison centre; a fine variety.
Dean of Windsor — Clear rich vermilion, flowers large and very
attractive; free and constant.
Dr, Andry — Rich, rosy crimson, large flowers, fine, smooth
petals; superb,
THE HOME FLORIST. /I
Doctor Hogg — Deep violet, evenly shaded with purple.
Doctor Seivell — Bright crimson, tinged with purple; large and full.
Duke of Edinburgh — Rich, velvety crimson, large, full and of
good symmetrical form.
Duke of TecA;— Bright crimson scarlet, clear and distinct in its
vividness of color; flowers large and very full; pointed,
globular shape.
Duke of Wellington — Beautiful velvety red, shaded scarlet crim-
son; very fine.
Earl of Beaconsfield — Cherry rose, medium size, beautiful form.
Earl of Pembroke — Velvety crimson; a most beautiful rose.
Elise Boelle — White, delicately tinged with pink; medium size; a
lovely rose.
Empress of India — Dark violet crimson, velvety, globular and
fragrant; an imj)erial rose.
Eugenie Verdier — Silvery pink, tinged with fawn; one of the
best of the type.
Fanny Pitsold — Bright rosy flesh, shaded and edged with violet.
Felicien David — Deep rose, tinged with purple; full and sweet;
very large.
Felix Genero — Beautiful lilac rose, large globular flowers, double
and deliciously fragrant.
Ferdinand de Lesseps — Bright crimson, large and full; very free
Qo wiring; a lovely rose.
Fisher Holmes — Dark, rich scarlet, elegantly shaded with deep
velvety crimson; brilliant and beautiful.
Fontenelle —'Large flowers of a rich, dark velvety crimson; a good
rose.
Francois Levet— Soft pink, delicately shaded carmine and blush;
delightfully fragrant.
Francois Michelon — Deep rose tinged with lilac, very large, full
of fine globular form ; fragrant and free blooming.
Gabriel Tournier — Dark rose, large, full and fine shape; a free
bloomer.
General Washington — Brilliant, dazzling crimson, approaching
vermilion; free and constant bloomer; flowers are large
and perfectly double.
Georgre -Mbrea It— Bright red, shaded with vermilion; very large;
full, opening well.
Giant of Battles — Deep, fiery crimson, very brilliant and rich
medium size, full, well formed, handsome.
72
THE HOME FLORIST
General Jacqueminot.
General Jacqueminot — Brilliant crimson scarlet, very large and
attractive; an abundant bloomer; one of the best of the
class.
Gloire de Ducher— Flowers very double, beautiful brilliant scar,
let, deepening to dark maroon; fragrant, handsome and
desirable .
Gloire de Paris — See '^Anna de Dieshach .'''
Glory of Cheshunt — Rich crimson, double, very effective; a de-
cided acquisition.
Grand Duke Nicholas— A magnificent rose, color dazzling crim-
son, brightly flamed with intense scarlet, exceedingly fra-
grant, double and of perfect form.
Gustave Thierry— Cherry red, large, full and very double; very
fragrant; a good variety.
Harrison Weir — Deep velvety crimson, brightened with brilliant
scarlet; very double and fragrant.
THE HOME FLORIST. 73
Heinrich Schultheis — A grand new rose, flowers very large, of
good form, full and very sweet, color very delicate, pinkish
rose ; a grand show rose.
Helen Paul — White, sometimes shaded with pink, large globular
flowers, full and sweet.
Hippolyte Jamain — Bright rosy carmine; a handsome flower.
large, double and globular.
Horace Fer?ie^- Crimson, illumined with scarlet, large, double
and beautiful. Few roses have such lovely form.
Jacques Lafitte Carmine rose, edged silver rose, reverse of petals,
light.
Jean Liabaucl - Crimson maroon, illuminated with scarlet, very
dark, rich and fragrant; a lovely rose.
Jean Souper^t—Fierj crimson, shaded with black; a richly-colored
sort.
John -Brig/if" Color a pure glowing crimson, very bright, perfect
form, with large even outer petals, sometimes recurved.
John Hopper — Deep rose, with carmine centre, large and full,
semi-globular; a free-blooming standard sort.
Jules Cretien — Flowers large and finely -formed, color brilliant,
fiery red, shaded with light purple.
Jules Margottin — Brilliant carmine, somewhat imbricated ; a very
fine rose, being large and attractive, fragrant and a free
bloomer.
Julius Ccesar Dark cherry red; a free and constant bloomer;
large, full and fragrant.
La Reine — Beautiful, clear bright rose, fine, full form, large and
fragrant; a favorite old variety.
LaRosiere — Very deep, velvety crimson, large and full; a good
rose of splendid color.
Lady Emily Peel — A charming rose, medium size and full form,
very sweet, color white, sometimes tinged with blush.
L'Enfant du Mont Carmel — Deep crimsoU; purple shading, free
and constant; very fragrant.
Leopold Premier — Deep red, shaded crimson; a fine large rose,
very full and sweet.
L'Esperance — Cherry red, large, full flat form, fragrant; a good
rose.
Lord Macaidey — Fiery crimson, large, double, well-formed
flowers; fragrant; a good rose.
74 THE HOME FLORIST.
Lord Palmerston — Carmine red, tinged with vermilion; double,
well formed ; a good variety for the garden.
Lord Raglan — A lovely shade of crimson; full and well formed;
an old sort much esteemed.
Louis Dore — Strong, vigorous growth; flowers well formed and
produced freely; color bright cerise red, shaded purple.
Louis XIV. — Rich crimson, double and full, large and fragrant; a
beautiful shade.
Louis Van Hoidte — Crimson maroon; full, globular form; free
blooming; a decidedly fine crimson variety.
Ludoric Letaidd- A fine large rose of vigorous growth, color
beautiful pale rose; very double and fragrant.
Mabel Morrison -Flesh white, changing to pure white, sometimes
tinged with pink; a useful garden sort.
Madame Alfred Carriere — Flesh white, shaded with salmon yel-
low at base of petals, of climbing habit; good size and very
sweet.
Madaine Alfred de Bougemont — Pure w^hite, delicately shaded
and tinged with rose; double, good size, very sweet and
pretty.
Madame Alice Dureaii — Fine bright rose, clear and glossy; a
handsome globular flow^er, large and double.
Madame Charles Wood — Brilliant crimson, shaded with purple;
large and double; a free bloomer; very fragr mt; profuse.
Madame Eugene Verdier — Satiny rose; very large, full, globular;
a most beautiful variety.
Madame Francois Pettit — Pure white, very full and double;
fiowers jproduced in clusters; a good white rose.
Madame Gabriel Luizet — A beautiful shade of pink; fragrant,
large, cupped shape; an elegant sort.
Madame Gustave Bonnet — Pure white, sometimes slightly tinged
with rose; medium size, very double and full.
Madame La ffay —Rose color, large, double, cupped form; an old
and much esteemed rose.
Madame Louis Caricques — Rosy crimson, double, full and fra-
grant; very fine; a good rose.
Madame Louis Leveque — Carmine rose, large, very full, flat form
and fragrant; good in the fall.
Madam Masson — Velvety crimson ; very bright and full ; a fine
sort for bedding.
THE HOME FLORIST. 75
Madame Noman — White, sometimes shaded centre, medium, size,
full, globular; arose of exquisite beauty.
Madame Oswald deKercliove — White, tinged with fawn: full, with
imbricated form; a lovely sort.
Madame T/ieyeuoif— Beautiful, bright violet red, very showy and
handsome, flowers large, finely formed, double and sweet.
Madame Trotter — A strong, vigorous grower; very hardy; flowers
bright brilliant red, full and sweet.
Madame Victor Verdier — Rich, bright cherry red, changing to
satin rose; large, full and fragrant; a superb rose.
Mademoiselle Marie Rady — Vermilion red, shaded with crimson ;
large, very full, of splendid globular form; very fragrant;
altogether a most valuable sort.
Magna Cliarta — Bright, clear pink, suffused with carmine; very
large, full and globular form ; a fragrant, excellent variety.
Marechal Vaillant — Crimson, large, full, well formed and fra-
grant; a fine rose.
Marguerite de St. Amand —Bright rose, very beautiful in the bud
state; flowers produced in great profusion; excellent.
Marie Baumann — Crimson vermilion, shaded carmine, large,
full, of exquisite color and form ; very fragrant; a charm-
ing sort.
Jlfarg?us cZe PoceZZa— Creamy white and flesh color; centre rosy
blush; double and fragrant; a free bloomer.
Marquis de Castellane — Carmine rose, a bright and permanent
shade; very large, very full and effective; a valuable sort.
Marquis of Salisbury— Co\)pery rose, shaded w4th crimson; large,
globular form ; distinct.
Marshall P. Wilder — Vigorous growth, with healthy foliage;
flowers large, semi-globular, full and well formed, color
cherry carmine, fragrant, one of the most constant bloom-
ers of the class; beyond question a rose of great merit.
Maurice Bernardin — Bright crimson; large, full and fragrant; a
very prolific sort; one that is growing in favor.
May Quennell—'Brilliiint mageuta carmine, shaded with crimson;
large, full, globular form; a handsome rose.
Merveille de Lyon — Flowers very large, full, well formed, pure
white centre, satiny rose; a magnificent new rose.
Monsieur Eugene Delaire — Velvety crimson, lighted with fiery
red; large, full, extra.
76
THE HOME FLORIST.
gJ'V,'-^"''' '
^
Marshall P. Wilder.
Monsieur E Y. Teas — Carmine crimson; large, fine, globular form,
highly scented; a superb rose.
Mi'S. Harry Turner — Dazzling crimson scarlet, with rich maroon
shading; very brilliant; large and full; beautifully imbri-
cated.
Mrs. Laxton — Bright, rosy crimson of the most perfect globular
form ; very fine.
Olga Maria — Pure white, delicately shaded with amber and
blush; large, full flowers, very double and sweet; a free
bloomer.
Oxonian — Rosy carmine flowers, very large, cupped, very sweet;
a free autumn bloomer.
THE HOME FLORIST. 77
Posonia — One of the finest old roses, very large, full, fragrant; a
free bloomer; color clear bright red; a good garden variety.
Paul Jamain— Velvety crimson, sliglitly tinged with violet red;
large, full and double ; a grand rose.
Paul Neyron—'Deep rose; very large, very full, somewhat fra-
grant; free bloomer; the largest variety known, and a very
desirable sort for the garden.
Paul Ricaut — Bright rosy carmine, darker towards the centre;
sweetly fragrant and cup-shaped; a free bloomer.
Peach Blossom — Mottled pink, shaded with a beautiful tinge of
delicate peach; an elegant color; large and full.
Penelope iHf a?/o— Brilliant carmine red, large, well-shaped flowers
of great substance.
Pierre Notting — Deep crimson, tinged with violet; large, fine
globular form, highly scented; a most beautiful dark rose
Pius the Ninth — Purplish red, changing to violet rose; flat form;
very full, free flowering and very hardy.
President Lincoln —Scarlet and crimson, shaded with purplish
vermilion; very full, fine form; beautiful and fragrant.
President T/wers -Flaming red, large-sized flowers, full and
globular in shape; one of the darkest colored in the type.
President Willermoz — Bright rose, shaded lighter; large and dou-
ble, fragrant; very beautiful.
Prince Albert —Dsiv^ red, very fine form, good bloomer; a much-
esteemed sort.
Prince Camille de Rohan — Rich, dark velvety crimson; large and
fine; a good rose of sj)lendid color.
Prince de Portia — Velvety vermillion; large, fulL well formed;
one of the most fragrant; a splendid varirty.
Prince Humbert — Brilliant, fiery crimson; full, large, well-form-
ed; excellent.
Prince of Wales — Satiny pink; a delicate and lovely shade; very
large and double.
Prince Paid Demidoff— Satiny rose; very full, fine form, and very
sweet; a good garden rose.
Prince Antoinette Sti^ozzio— Flowers large, full and very double;
delightful perfume ; soft, rosy pink, shaded crimson.
Princess Louise Victoria— Salmon pink, medium size, fine globu-
lar form; a splendid rose.
Princess Mathilde— Burgundy crimson; a lovely shade, medium
size, double; valuable.
'j'^ THE HOME FLORIST.
Queen of Queens — Pink edges, elegantly tinged with blush; large
and full, and of perfect form; grows and flowers freely.
R. Dudley Baxter — Flowers deep maroon crimson; very rich in
color, extra large, full and cupped, free and hardy.
Red Dragon — Brilliant crimson, very bright and striking; large,
double and finely cupped flowers.
Rev. J. B. M. Camm — Carmine rose, large, semi-globular form;
one of the most fragrant and free blooming roses; a superb
sort.
Rosy Morn — Peach pink, shaded darker; flne large flower of good
form and finish; very s\veet and full.
Royal Standard— ^oXinj voiiQ, tinged with lilac; a large, well-
formed, globular flower.
Senateur Fa/sse— Crimson carmine; elegant, large form; free
bloomer, highly scented.
Sir Garnet Wolseley — Vermilion, shaded crimson; large and full;
a splendid sort.
Souvenir de Charles Montauld — Dark, rich, crimson maroon;
velvety; a bold and striking flower; full and good.
Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre — Bright rose; very large and
double; a much admired variety.
>S^. Reynolds Hole — Maroon, flushed with scarlet crimson; medium
size, full and well formed; a rose of great beauty.
Star of Waltham — Csn'imine cvimson, medium size, semi-globu-
lar; full and fragrant; a good rose.
Sultan of Zanzibar — Blackish maroon, edged with scarlet; full
and well-formed; medium size.
Sydonie — A charming old variety, much esteemed, rose color;
very large and full; a constant bloomer.
Thomas Methven — Red, tinged with velvety crimson; good size,
well formed; a fine rose.
Thomas Mills — Rosy crimson, very large and double; a good
variety for the garden.
Trioniphe de V Exjjosition -'Reddish crimson; very bright and
beautifully shaded.
Triomphe des Beaux Arts — Metallic rose, flamed with scarlet;
large, very fragrant and full; splendid.
Victor Trouillard — Bright crimson, shading to purple; large, full
and fragrant; a good old sort.
Victor Verdier — Bright rose with crimson centre: globular form,
good size; a most beautiful rose.
THE HOME FLORIST. 79
Vulcain — Rich crimson, double, well-formed; a rose of splendid
color.
White Baroness — Pure white ; large cupped form, very symmet-
rical; except in color identical with Baroness Eothschild.
Xavier Olibo-— Flowers large and double, of excellent form, color
velvety black, shaded with fiery red ; a superb rose.
PRAIRIE ROSES— HARDY CLIMBING.
These are the only climbing roses that are perfectly hardy
everywhere, and are consequently of the greatest value. They
can be readily trained to the height of twenty or thirty feet, as
they grow with great vigor. They bloom only in June and July,
but are then objects of the greatest beauty. We have seen Balti-
more Belle growing all over the side of a house, where its thou-
sands of blooms formed a complete mass of white. At least one
of these hardy climbers should be found in every rose garden
north of Tennessee. The flowers are produced in large clusters.
When it is desired to cover walls, unsightly buildings, etc., with
Eoses, none will be found to do the work so efficiently as varieties
of the Prairie Rose.
Baltimore Belle— Fale blush; variegated carmine, rose and white;
very double; flowers in beautiful clusters, the whole plant
appearing. a perfect mass of bloom; one of the very best of
the type.
Bennefs Seedling— An Ayrshire or Scotch rose and a vigorous
runner; flowers are white, very double and fragrant and
borne m great profusion.
Caroline Goodrich — This new hardy-climbing rose has finely-
formed flowers; very double, and its fragrance is most de-
licious. The color is the same as that of the well-known
General Jacqueminot. It makes a growth of from twelve
to fifteen feet in a season; flowers freely till fall; constant;
also known as "Running General Jacqueminot.''
Champney — A hardy rose, quite double and very fragrant; flowers
deep rose, changing to pale rose; desirable.
Dundee Rambler —Scotch, rose; growth is slender and rapid;
flowers small, semi-double.
Ge7n of the Prairie— hight shade of crimson, large, perfectly
beautiful form; the flowers are borne on trusses, number-
ing from ten to twenty buds on each.
80 THE HOME FLORIST.
Greville or Seven Sisters — Flowers in large clusters; varies in
color from white to crimsono
Mrs. Gunnell — Soft, rosy blush, becoming almost white; large
clusters; full and double; much admired.
Mrs. iJove?/ — Blush, changing to white; resembles Baltimore
Belle, but is hardier; a valuable climbing rose.
Prairie Queen — Flowers very large and of peculiar globular
form; bright, rosy red, changing to lighter as the flower
opens.
Pride of Washington — Brilliant amaranth, shaded rose centre;
large clusters; very double and fine.
RusseWs Cottage — Dark velvety crimson ; very double and full;
a profuse bloomer, strong grower; desirable.
Tennessee Belle — Flowers bright, beautiful pink; is more slender
and graceful in growth than either of the other varieties.
Triumphant — An excellent variety; flowers large, very double
and compact; color deep rose, changing to pale carmine;
beautiful, shaded and variegated.
MOSS ROSES.
The beautiful mossed buds of these Roses have placed them
higher in the popular estimation than any other rose, or indeed
than any other flowers, and they have furnished a theme for so
many poets that they are familiar to everybody. The bushes are
not very prepossessing in appearance, forming large, rugged
masses, and set with irnumerable small thorns; most of them
bloom only in the spring, but sometimes j)roduce a few flowers in
the fall. They are as hardy as an oak; no garden is complete
without some of these charming roses.
Alice Leroy — Fine, clear pink; extra large flowers; fragrant.
Aphelis Purpurea — Violet purple; large, fine form, well covered
with moss.
Blanche Moreau — Flowers are produced in clusters; large, full
and sweet; color pure white. The buds have an abundance
of lovely deej) green moss.
Captain John Ingraham — Brilliant carmine; large, full flowers,
very double and mossy.
Common Moss— The finest of all the moss roses; color pale rose;
very beautiful in the bud; a grand rose for the garden.
Comtesse de Murinais — Flowers white, sometimes tinged with
flesh color; large, double, cupped; one of the best moss roses.
THE HOME FLORIST.
8l
Mosfi Rose.
Crested 3foss — Deep, pink-colored buds surrounded with a mossy
fringe and crest; a fragrant and very beautiful rose.
De Luxemhoin^g — Bright crimson scarlet; large and double; very
sweet and mossy.
Elizabeth Roice — Bright, satiny pink; very large and double: fra-
grant and finely mossed.
Etna— Crim^ow, tinged with purple; delightfully fragrant: very
mossy.
Glory of Moss — A magnificent moss ross; very large and double;
color deep rosy oarmine; very mossy and fragrant; one of
the best of the type.
Gracilis — Deep pink buds, surrounded with delicate fringe-like
moss; a magnificent and elegant sort; very prolific.
Henry Martin — Rich, glossy pink, elegantly tinged with crim-
son; large, globular flowers, very full and sweet: finely
mossed.
Hortense Vernet — Fine, rosy carmine; large, full and sweet: buds
beautifully mossed.
82 THE HOME FLORIST.
Laneii — Large, bold flowers, very double; full and fragrant; color
rich crimson, delicately shaded with rosy purple; very
mossy.
Little Gem — A miniature sort; color bright crimson; very small
and full; desirable.
Madame Moreau - Flowers extra large, perfectly full and double:
color rich carmine with crimson centre; petals beautifully
edged with white; buds are finely mossed.
Perpetual Wliite J/oss— Buds very mossy, color pure white,
medium size and borne in large clusters; fragrant.
Princess Adelaide — One of the best, extra large flowers, very
double and fragrant; very mossy; color bright, rosy pink.
Purpurea Rubra — Violet purple; large, full form; very double
and fragrant; buds beautifully mossed.
RajDhael—Beantitul mossy buds; color pinkish white, shaded
with rose; large, full and sweet,
Soupert et A^otting—'Rose color, very large, very full, globular
form, highly scented, nicely covered with beautiful moss;
a charming sort.
White Bath — Pure white, in clusters; attractive in bud and open
flower; free blooming and very mossy.
SUMMER AND MISCELLANEOUS ROSES.
BLOOMING IN JUNE AND JULY,
In this class we place all the varieties of Summer Roses and
other roses that are not described in our classifications. The list
embraces many that are valuable and highly esteemed, especially
the old garden varieties.
Beauty of Glazenicood (FiYergreen — See " Fortune's Double Yel-
low."
Blanche fleiir. (June) — White, tinged w^ith blush; medium size,
flat, very full, highly scented; very profuse bloomer; a val-
uable garden rose.
Bridal Rose — See "Rubus Grandiflora."
Cabbage Rose, (June — Old fashioned)— See "Centifolia."
Cameliae folia, (evergreen)— Leaves deep, shining green; is an
evergreen species from Japan ; handsome in or out of flower;
the flowers are single and white.
Celine, (June) — Cupped rose, large and fine; suitable for pillars.
THE HOME FLOllIST. 83
Centifolia, (June)— Rose color, large, full, globular form and fra-
grant; a very desirable garden variety; the old fashioned
Cabbage Rose.
Centifolia Cristata, (June)— Large, pink flov^ers, fragrant and
good.
Charles Lawson—'Light rose color, very fragrant; large and full;
useful for pillars.
Chenedolle, (June)— Bright red, double, very large; a valuable
sort.
Cherokee Rose, (evergreen)— Large, single flowers, pure white;
very fragrant.
Comte d' Espremesnil — Vigorous flowers; lilac, semi-double and
very fragrant; it is highly esteemed, is perfectly hardy;
belongs to the Rugosa family.
Coupe d' Hebe, (June)— Dark pink, large size, cup form; a very
distinct rose.
Double Margined Hej), (June)- 'A heauiiiul lose, white, tinged
with pink; flat form; full and good.
Fortune's Double Yelloiv, (evergreen) — Bronzed yellow or copper
and fawn centre; very pretty and sweet.
Harrison's Yellow, (Austrian)— Golden yellow, medium size, semi-
double,
Madame Hardy, (June) — White, large, very full, flat form, very
fragrant; a very beautiful sort.
Madame Lacliarme, (June) — "White, tinged with pink, medium
size, full and of globular form; very hardy.
Madame Plantier, (June) — One of the June roses, at which time
it is literally covered with pure white, perfectly double,
fragrant flowers, which hang on for a long time: makes
large, dense bushes. We have seen plants five feet in diame-
ter with hundreds of blooms open at a time; as hardy as an
oak; a beautiful cemetery rose.
Madame Zoetman, (June) — Delicate flesh, changing to white:
large, very full, flat form, fragrant; a splendid white
variety."
Mademoiselle Emma Hall, (June)— Carmine rose: globular form,
of good size and very fragrant; an excellent summer rose.
Paul Verdier, (June) — A beautiful shade of bright red, globular
flowers; a splendid sort.
Persian Yelloiv, (Austrian)— Bright yellow: small, full, well-form-
ed flowers; must be pruned sparingly.
84 THE HOME FLORIST.
Queen of Ayrshire, (Ayrshire) — Violet crimson, semi-double,
small flowers; a fine garden rose.
Queen of the Belgians, (Ayrshire) — Pure white, double and sweet.
Rubus Grandiflora — Large, double, pure white flowers; very
showy and desirable; known as the bridal rose.
Rubus RoscefoUus Coronarius — A new dwarf Eubus; rose-color-
ed flowers.
Rugosa Alba — Single, pure white flowers, highly scented.
Rugosa Rubra — Rosy red, tinged with violet; single and fra~
grant. The Eosa Eugosa are splendid shrubs for borders.
The three varieties we name in this list are highly com-
mended.
Stanwell Perpetual, (Scotch) — Blush, medium size, double, deli-
cately scented.
Sweet Briar or Eglantine, (evergreen) — The delicious fragrance of
the leaves of this old favorite keeps it in demand; flne for
hedges.
White Banksia, (Banksia) — Pure white, very small, very full and
double; blooms in panicles; has the delicious fragrance of
the violet; somewhat tender; splendid for the south.
White Microphylla, (evergreen — Alba Odorata) — Medium-sized
flowers; very double, white and sweet scented; bright,
glossy leaves.
Yellcw Banksia, (Banksia) — Like White Banksia, except the
color, which is clear yellow; it too is a most grand and
charming acquisition for cultivation in a southern clime.
TENDER ROSES— MONTHLY.
In the division of Tender Eoses certain characteristics are found
that render the various classes of them, perhaps, the most desu'a-
ble of all Eoses for ordinary cultivation. They are natives of
warm countries, like China, Bengal, the isle of Bourbon, etc., and
although all the varieties will bear considerable freezing, and
some are almost entirely hardy, even in the north, their natural
propensities to grow and flower, more or less, continually — month-
ly, as it is termed — remains unchanged with being removed to
our climate, and with j^roper treatment and a suitable tempera-
ture in winter, in the window or conservatory, they may be had
to flower almost the year through. In the mild climate of our
Southern States they continue to grow and bloom in the open air
with little interruption. By suitable protection at the approach
THE HOME FLORIST. 85
of cold weather, or by wintering in a cold pit or cellar, they are
easily managed to thrive in the open air in our Northern States,
and produce an abundance of bloom from June until October and
November.
BOURBON EOSES.— This is the hardiest class of this division,
being nearly, but not quite, hardy in the latitude of Buffalo. Al-
though some of the varieties do not flower as frequently as do
those of other classes of tender rcses, the flowers are jDroduced in
large clusters, are of large size, well shaped, bright and varied in
color, fragrant and lasting, for w^hich reason they are always
found very satisfactory to grow. Some, among which the Her-
mosa stands prominent, are unequaled for their free flowering
qualities, in the open air, and nearly so for pot culture and win-
ter flowering. All are vigorous growers, with rich, luxuriant
foliage, and are quite certain of giving satisfaction to cultivators.
BENGAL OR CHINA ROSES— The varieties of these through-
out are free flowering, of thrifty growth and rather compact
form, and while the flowers probably do not average as large as
those of the Bourbon and other sections, the plants, if bedded
out, are certain to be covered with a larger number of buds and
flowers of their characteristically brilliant colors than any other
class cultivated. They require to be well protected during win-
ter in the north. Very desirable for pot culture. The Agrippina,
a well-known type of this class, is unequaled as a fine rose for
growing in pots and for summer bedding.
TEA-SCENTED AND FORCING ROSES.— Of these beautiful,
sweet Roses, it may bo said, with mild justice to their many
good qualities, that while the Rose finds devoted cultivators, they
will rank high among fine kinds in many respects This is par-
ticularly true of the exquisite, deliciously fragrant, bud varieties,
which, in the estimation of cultivated tastes, are lovely and at-
tractive above the majority of flowers in our collection, and many
of them remarkably suitable for pot cultivation, in the window
or conservatory, being of fine habit and very productive. In
our own experience in cultivating these in greenhouses, where the
varieties Marchal Niel, Perle des Jardins, Safrano, Isabella Sprunt
and Bon Silene are grown largely for our cut-flower trade, the
plants never fail to produce a constant daily supply duiing the
winter, and almost continually through the year besides. To show
their appreciable value, I will state that these find ready pur-
chasers all through cold weather, at the uniform price of fifteen
86 THE HOME FLORIST.
to forty cents per bud, just as cut from the plants, which is nearly
twice the money realized for other Roses at the same time. The
entire class is perhaps more susceptible to injury from cold than
most other Roses, but nevertheless their general habit is healthy
and vigorous, and when growing in the open ground some of them
are prolific of buds and flowers all during the summer. By care-
fully lifting such plants in October and giving them protection in
a first-class cold pit during winter, returning then to the open
ground in spring, they will thrive from year to year bedded out
the same as any other class of tender Roses. Some of the Tea-
scented Roses are too double to be classified as bud varieties— a
few of which are not fully double when open. These produce
large flowers of the unapproachable tints, shades and colors, and
possessed of the exquisite fragrance for which this class is peculiar.
NOISETTE ROSES.— This class, although quite limited in num-
ber of varieties, is of great value for permanent planting in the
soil of a greenhouse or CO iTservatory, as on account of their free
climbing habits they can be permanently trained to the. rafters
and trellises. Plants, after having spread to some distance, pro-
duce immense crops of beautiful, fragrant and fine colored
flowers at short intervals. Severe pruning of the young shoots is
necessary to secure the best results. By keeping the leading
branches well cut back, numerous varieties of this class are ex-
cellent for growing as ordinary pot roses and for bedding in
sunnner.
HYBRID TEA ROSES.
The New Hybrid Tea Roses, lately introduced from Europe, are
so distinct and beautiful, and are attracting so much attention,
that we class them by themselves. These splendid varieties rep-
resent an entirely new and distinct type or class of Roses, the re-
sult of a cross between varieties of the Hybrid Perpetual or Re-
montant Roses and the Teas. The great advantage claimed for
them is, that they combine the hardiness of the Hybrid Perpet-
uals, with the constant blooming qualities, rich and delicate col-
oring, and delightful fragrance of tlie Tea Roses. Most of them
are probably hardy in tlie Middle States, and they are well worthy
of extensive and thorough trial by all who love rai'e and beauti-
ful Roses.
THE HOME FLORIST. 8/
POLYANTHA ROSES.
This is an interesting group from Japan, of comparatively re-
cent introduction. The foKage and flowers are both very small,
the latter being produced in panicles. The original varieties are
non-remontant, but are crosses or hybrids, natural or artificial,
between the singled-flowered Polyantha and varieties of other
classes, Teas, etc. They are ever-blooming, of slender growth,
and will probably prove more hardy than most of the Teas Their
character of blossoming in panicled clusters gives them a dis-
tinctive interest, and they are much esteemed by those who have
seen them.
BOURBON ROSES.
They are not quite hardy, but a very slight protection suffices
chem. They are continual bloomers, mostly of rapid growth,
with rich, luxuriant foliage, and are the most beautiful in the
autumn. The flowers are for the most part, produced in clusters,
and generally of a light color, well shajied and somewhat fra-
grant. Some of the freest and most constant blooming Roses are
contained in this section, Hermosa and Malmaison having but
few e<)Uals for freedom and continuity.
Abbe Girardin — Vigorous, flowers large, full and well formed,
color satiny rose, deeper in the centre ; very distinct and
free.
Alfred Aubert — A vigorous grower and profuse bloomer ; flowers
as well shaped as "Hermosa," of a bright red color.
ApoZZwze— Delicate rose, heavily shaded wath pmk, exceedingly
sweet, very large, full and double; one of the best.
Bouquet de Marie — Deep rose, tinted, and veined silver white;
free bloomer; very fragrant.
Comtessede Barbantine— Flesh color, changiix'^ to white; beau-
tiful cup shaped flowers.
Comtesse de Rocquigney — Color white, delicately tinted with rosy
salmon; fidl, globular form, fragrant and desirable.
Duchess de Thuriii ge—Be2i\ii\i\xl silver rose, finely cupped, full
and sweet; free bloomer.
Edward -Des/osses- Carmine rose, medium size, full and double,
very sweet and a most excellent variety.
Emotion— Rose, tinged with lilac, changing to blush and clear
rose, full and fragrant.
88
THE HOME FLORIST.
Queen of Bedders.
George Pedbody — Rosy crimson, medium size, full, well formed,
fragrant; one of the best Bourbons, highly commended.
Gloire des Rosomanes — Vigorous growth, brilliant crimson, semi-
double, but very effective ; fragrant.
Henri Plantier — A charming sort, color clear rose, medium size,
very sweet and blooms in profusion.
Hermosa — Always in bloom and always beautiful. The flower is
cupped, finely formed and full; color the most pleasing
shade of pink, soft but deep; very fragrant; a standard
variety.
THE HOME FLORIST. 89
Iviperatrice Eugenie— Silxerj rose, large, very full and fragrant;
a most excellent sort.
Leveson Goicer—'Dee^ rose, tinged with salmon. This variety is
very scarce and much sought after as a companion for
"Malmaison."
Louis Odier — Another old variety of great merit, bright rose,
medium size, full, well formed, hardy.
Madame Bosanquet—A fine old variety, much esteemed; pale
flesh, shaded with deep rose, large size, very double and
sweet.
Madame Isaac Pereire — Carmine red, very large, full, free
blooming; a charming new rose.
Madame Jeanne Joubert— Fine, rich crimson; a solid and brilliant
color; flowers large, compact and full; fragrant.
Madame Pierre Oger — Beautiful flesh color, the exterior of petals
marbled with soft, rosy lilac, double flowers of cupped
form ; a fine and distinct rose.
Madame Rivouy—A companion rose for Sombreuil. except in
color, which is of a beautiful rich crimson scarlet, very
large, fine form ; very fragrant.
Malmaison a Jleur Rouge — Said to have all the good qualities of
Souvenir de la Malmaison, which sort it resembles, except
in color, which is a bright clear red; extra fine.
Marquis de Balbiano — Splendid soft, rosy blush, edges and re-
verse of petals, silver rose, full and sweet.
Monthly Cabbage — Deep rose red, large, globular shape; good
bloomer; fragrant.
Peerless — Rich crimson; blooms in clusters; very sweet.
Perle d' Angers — Flowers very large, color glossy flesh wliite,
very delicate; a magnificent rose.
Pierre de St. C^/r— Bright rose, large and double, full and sweet;
a vigorous grower.
Pink Daily — Bright pink; flowers produced in clusters in the
greatest profusion.
Queen of Redder s — Very rich, dark, velvety crimson; very free
blooming; flowers compact and full; one of the best crim-
son bedders; a grand sort.
Queen of Boiu'bons—A splendid rose, large, fine form, full and
sweet, color clear carmine, changing to cleav rose; petalg
edged with white.
Red Malmaison— Bqq "Malmaison a fleur Rouge."
90 THE HOMIC FLORIST.
Robusta—Yery large, double flowers, full aud sweet, clear carna-
tion red, shaded and veined with rosy crimson; very beau-
tiful.
Sir Joseph Paxton — Deep red, slightly tinged with violet, medium
size, full and well formed.
Somhreuil — A strong grower, pushing up long, heavy shoots, each
bearing a cluster of floweis. large and full, creamy white,
often tinted with pink; a valuable sort for culture in the
open air.
Souvenir de la Malmaison — A noble rose. The flower is extreme-
ly large and double to the centre ; color flesh white, clear
and fresh; has been considered the finest Bourbon rose for
40 years. Its great beauty in the fall makes it one of the fin-
est of all roses at that season; a flower that is universally
popular and will always be so.
CHINESE OR BENGAL ROSES.
The China or Bengal Roses are dwarf and flower with the great-
est profusion all through summer and fall, making excellent
edges for beds of other roses and fine pot plants. Their flowers
are not equal in size and fragrance to those of the Teas, but they
consist chiefly of rich, dark colors, which are scarce in the other
sections of the Ever Blooming Roses. They make grand bedders.
Abbe Mailand — Dark, rosy crimson; large, full, vigorous.
Admired Rigney — Rich, carmine rose, large flowers, full and
handsome; constant and profuse.
Agrippina — Rich crimson, specially valuable for its fine buds;
useful for bedding out; the best of the class brought from
China about 1789; much esteemed.
Areh Duke Charles — Brilliant, rosy crimson, very full and ex-
tremely sweet; a splendid rose; heavy foliage.
Beau Carmine— Fine carmine red, very rich color, good size, dou-
ble, fragrant and desirable.
Cramoisi Super ieur—'Rk-\\, velvety crimson, double, fine in the
bud; a good bedding variety.
Crimson Redder — Bright, fiery red, velvety; its habit and bloom-
ing qualities combine to make it the best scarlet bedding
rose for massing, etc.; recommended.
Douglass — Dark, rich crimson; buds of good shape; very free
fiowering, highly recommended; a valuable variety for
house culture.
THE HOME FLORIST. 91
Eugene Beaiihariiais—'BQaiUiiful crimson, illumined with fiery red;
a good variety,
(rreeui^ose— See '-Virldi flora."
La Phoenix— Red, shaded crimson; free bloomer, flowers medium
size and double; delicious fragrance.
Louis Philippe — Rich dark, velvety crimson, full and beautiful;
one of the best for bedding.
Lucullus — Beautiful dark crimson maroon, large, full and fra-
grant; a constant and profuse bloomer; extra good for oat-
door culture.
Madame Julie Lasseau — Flowers large and full, free and con-
stant; color a deep rose.
Madame Lawrenee—Vink button rose, about the size of a ten-cent
piece; double and fragrant; the growth, foliage and flower
are all miniature.
Madame Lawrence — Crimson button rose, same as preceding, but
deep crimson color.
Nemesis — Sj)lendid f ull, double flowers of dark velvety crimson;
especially fine for massing when rich, dark colors are
wanted.
President d' Olbecque — Bright, purplish crimson, large, full and
fragrant; a profuse bloomer.
Purple China— Rich, purplish crimson; velvety; one of the most
constant and free blooming in the class.
Queen of France — Fine, brilliant red, shaded with dark crimson;
good size flowers, full and very i)rofuse.
Queen's Scarlet — Dazzling crimson scarlet; has beautiful buds,
which are much prized for cut flowers; sweet scented,
hardy.
Roi deCramoisi — Bright, purplish crimson, full and very double;
good size, free and fragrant ; a charming rose.
Sanguinea — Brilliant crimson, good size. This variety is much
prized, both for pot culture and for massing in beds: one
of the best.
Souvenir de David — Fine, rich crimson; good grower; large, fall
and fragrant; constant bloomer.
Viridi flora — The flowers of this variety are pure green, quite
double; a great curiosity, both in bud and flower.
92
THE HOME ILORIST.
TEA ROSES— EVER-BLOOMING.
Tea Rose,
Tea Roses are celebrated the world over for their delicious fra
grance and the exquisite forms and rich, charming tints of thei-
flowers, and may well be taken as a synonym for all that is deli-
cately beautiful. What refinement of color; what subdued, yet
powerful fragrance do they possess ! They may be justly called
the sweetest of all roses. The flowers, many of them are large
and very delicate in their shades of color, such as white, straw,
salmon, and various tints of rose combined with them. While,
as a rule, they are inferior to the Hybrid Perpetuals in brilliancy
of color and fullness of flower, the distinctions between varieties
arc marked, and for bouquets and cut flowers they excel all other
flowers. Like other tender roses, their flowers improve in quality
as the season advances, and reach perfection in the autumn. In
judging the merits of a Tea Rose, we do not consider fullness of
flower a requisite. A Hybrid Perpetual is nothing if not at least
moderately double; but many of our most valued Teas have but
very few petals, and are comparatively single. All these have
THE HOME FLORIST. 93
exquisitely-formed buds, and are therefore prized as invaluable.
The Teas are more tender than any of the other classes and need
a little more care in their protection. They form the largest and
most popular section of the Ever- Blooming Roses, producing an
endless succession of flowers in a favorable climate, and even at
the north blooming from the time they are j^lanted until stopped
by freezing weather. Teas should be planted in a rich, warm
soil, where they will be kept constantly growing, for they bloom
as they grow. Where they continue to grow year after year,
without being checked by hard freezing, they form immense
masses of foliage covered with flowers of the largest size and pro-
duced in the greatest abundance.
Abbe Roustan — A splendid variety; large, full, globular flowers,
very sweet; color beautiful creamy white; elegantly shaded
rosy blush.
Adam— Blight fresh salmon rose, extra large size, double and
full; free bloomer; delicious tea scent; a lovely rose.
Adrienne Christople — A beautiful rose, very full and double and
tea scented; color a lovely shade of apricot, citron and fawn,
tinged with soft rosy pink.
^Z6a i^osea — Beautiful creamy white with rose- colored centre;
petals shaded with blush; very double and fragrant.
Aline Sisley — Flower is large and full, double and full; color a
rare shade of violet rose, brightened with crimson maroon;
a fruity, pleasant fragrance.
Amazone—YeWow, reverse of petals, veined with rose; long, well-
formed buds; a charming rose.
American Banyier — The flowers are bright red, distinctly striped
and marked with pure white. The colors are well defined
and every bud and flower are deeply striped. It is fragrant
and a profuse bloomer when full grown ; a rose of merit.
Andre Schwartz — Beautiful crimson free flowering variety, pretty
buds; new and distinct.
Anna OlUvier — Lovely creamy blush, shaded with deep carmine,
tinged add edged wdth silver; rose fragrant, large and full;
a superb rose.
Ai'ch Duchess Isabella— lusiYge, full form, delightfully fragrant;
white, shaded with rosy carmine, changing to amaranth:
makes lovely buds; a constant and profuse bloomer.
Baron de St. Triviers — Flowers very large, full, and of fine form,
color a delicate flesh rose; fine winter bloomer; vigorous
94
THE HOME FLORIST.
American Banner,
Baron Alexander de Vrits -Beautiful pale blush rose, delicately
tinged with carnation reel; flowers are borne in clusters,
are large, full and very fra,giant.
Baronne Sinety — Color deep yellow with darker centre, outer
petals slightly shaded pink, of good form; a charming sort.
Bella — Pure snow white; splendid, long-pointed buds, tea scented;
large size, full and double; an excellent sort.
Belle 3Iacowrise—'Pale, salmon rose; buds orange fawn; large,
full and fine form ; vigorous.
THE HOME FLORIST. 95
Belle Fleur d'Aiijou— An elegant rose, large, full and double,
delightfully fragrant; color beautiful silver rose; beautiful,
large, pointed buds; a good sort.
Binaqai — White, shaded with flesh color; a distinct, beautiful
rose, full and fragrant.
Blmiclie Ncibonnarid — Habit vigorous; flowers very large, double
and of very fine shape, imbricated; color pure white; a con-
tinuous bloomer.
Bon Silene — Grown by every florist for its highly-colored buds,
dark carmine rose, often changing to crimson. The buds
are very handsome and produced in great profusion; a
strong, healthy grower ; one of the best for pot culture.
Bougere — Bronzed pink, tinged with lilac; large and full, thick
petals; one of the handsomest ; an old variety, yet one
of the most desirable.
Canary — Light canary yellow, beautiful buds and flowers, very
fragrant; an old and much-esteemed variety.
Caroline — Rosy flesh, deeper towards centre, j^rettily-formed
buds, highly tea scented; very free flowering.
Catherine Mermet — A beautiful, clear flesh color, with the same
silvery lustre seen in La France; large, full, well formed,
very beautiful in the bud; when the flowers expand they
exhale a delightful perfume; the finest of all the Teas.
Cels-Multiflora — A fine old variety, much valued; flowers in clus-
ters, medium size, full and double, pale flesh, deepening to
rose.
Charles Covelli — A charming tea rose; large, globular flowers,
full and sweet; color a lovely shade of brilliant carmine,
changing to silver rose.
Clara Sylvain — Creamy white, good, full form, very double and
fragrant; a splendid variet}^
Clement Nabonnand—Charmmg buds and beautiful flowers; color
coppery rose, tinged with purplish crimson; a constant and
profuse bloomer; very sweet.
Com^cde Pan's -Beautiful clear silver rose, shaded with rosy
flesh: large, full flowers, sweet, an old variety, much es-
teemed.
Comtesse de Laharthe— Few roses equal this in freedom of flower-
ing; none surpass it in fragrance. The flowers are cup-
shaped; color a rich pink shaded with carmine and amber;
pretty in bud and flower; a grand rose.
96
THE HOME FLORIST.
Comte Taverna — Pure white with lemon-yellow centre and shad-
ing, deliciously scented; a beautiful sort.
Comtesse ATban de Villeneuve — Extra large, full and regular; color
a peculiar shade of rosy peach, faintly j)assing to silvery
white; very pretty and sweet.
Comtesse de Nadaillac—Qoi\)^eYj yellow, illumined with carmine
rose; large, full, distinct and effective; highly esteemed.
Comtesse Biza du Pare— Flowers very large, full, double and
sweet; color bright coppery rose, tinged and shaded with
soft violet crimson ; a strong grower and profuse bloomer.
Coquette de Lyon — Flowers canary yellow, medium size, some-
times called the "Yellow Hermosa" on account of its free-
dom in flowering. The plant has a charming effect covered
with its beautiful yellow blooms; very constant and free.
Cornelia Cook— See "Cornelie Koch."
Cornelie Koch — This beautiful rose is now in great demand for its
magnificent buds, which are of immense size and of lovely
form. The color is pure white; delightful tea fragrance,
known as "Cornelia Cook."
Curt Schiiltheis — Large, full flowers; color a rosy salmon or cop-
pery yellow, tinged with rose; very distinct and beautiful;
sweet and a free bloomer,
David Pradle — An old and much-esteemed variety; very large
size, full and sweet; color lilac rose.
Devoniensis—MsignolisL rose, beautiful, creamy white, with rosy
centre; largo, full, and delightfully sweet; tea-scented; one
of the finest roses.
Doctor Berthet — Beautiful silvery pink and dark carmine, passing
to rosy crimson; cup shaped, very double and sweet.
Due de Magenta — Flesh, shaded with fawn, thick petals, full,
very large; a splendid tea rose.
Duchesse de Brabant — See "Comtesse de Labarthe."
Duchess of Edinburgh — A splendid rose, in great demand for its
lovely buds, and remarkable for its beautiful color, which
is the most intense glowing scarlet.
Edward Gontier — Full, fine-shaped fiowers, quite double and of
good size; pure white, with a deep yellosv centre, occasion-
ally tinted with pink; constant bloomer; superb.
EUseSauvage — Orange yellow, medium size, full and double; an
excellent sort.
THE HOME FLORIST. 97
Empereur de Russia — Beautiful pinkish scarlet; ^ood form and
habit; free bloomer; fragrant.
Enfant de Lyon— Cveamy -pink centre, rosy blush; an excellent
bloomer; its fragrance is quite distinct from that of any
other rose; not unlike sweet Anise; desirable.
Etendard de Jeanne d'Arc — Flowers fine, well formed and of
good substance; color creamy white, passing to pure white;
one of the finest of the class; robust grower.
Etoile de Lyon — Beautiful chrome yellow, deepening at the cen-
tre to pure golden yellow; flowers very large, very double
and full, and deliciously fragrant; a grand bedding variety.
Eugene Patete — Color violet crimson with rose and yellow; a
strong, vigorous growler; very fine.
Flavescens—L.ight yellow, long, fine buds; fragrant; introduced
from China about 1824; of delicate habit, commonly known
as "Yellow Tea."
Flora Nabonnand—Csmarj yellow, edged with roee; a most
charming sort; large, full and exquisitely sweet.
General Schahlekine—Rich, glowing crimson, large, w^ell-formed
flowers, highly tea-scented; esteemed for its constant win-
ter-blooming qualities.
General Tartas — Deep mottled rose, sometimes tinged with buff;
beautiful buds; good habit; an excellent rose.
Gerard Z)es6ois— Bright glowing red of good form; one of the
hardiest and most useful of the class.
Helvetia— SalmoB, with peach rose in the centre; large, very full;
an extra fine tea.
Homer— Flowers very beautifully formed and handsome in bud;
color soft clear rose with a salmon shade; a good garden
rose; extra fine.
Honorable Edith Gifford Flowers large, of heavy texture, very
fine, both in bud and open flower; color flesh white or
cream, with very distinct light pink centre; an exquisite
rose.
Ida — A lovely rose, medium size, full and double; pale canary
yellow; fine buds.
Isabella Sprunt— Well known as one of the most useful kinds;
grows luxuriantly and literally lavishes its long lemon-yel-
low buds from early spring till frost in the fall.
Janne d' 0?^-Fine coppery yellow, full, globular form; very dou-
ble; highly tea-scented; one of the sweetest in the class.
98 THE HOME FLORIST.
Jean Duclier — Bronzed rose; large, very full, globular form; very
beautiful.
Jean Pernet — Light yellow, suffused with salmon ; beautiful buds;
a magnificent variety.
Jeanne Abel — Above medium size: flowers of the purest pink, the
centres of a deeper rose tint; habit compact and very free
flowering.
Jules Finger — Elegant and valuable; flowers large and finely
formed; very full and sweet; color bright rosy scarlet,
beautifully shaded with intense crimson; free bloomer.
Julie Ilansais — Creamy white, large and full; very sweet-scented;
very beautiful.
Ketten Freres— Of. vigorous habit; flowers very large, double and
of fine form; imbricated; remarkable for its beautiful
color; a grand rose.
La Chamoise — Bright orange yellow; a peculiar shade in roses, of
delicate habit; flowers are single, but pretty in the bud.
La Fl'^/vifere — Deep salmon rose, large and showy; very free
flowering and vigorous.
La Grandeur — Beautiful lilac rose, tinted with pale violet purple;
large, full flowers, deliciously scented.
La Jonquil — Brilliant Jonquil yellow, semi-double, sometimes
single, medium or small-size; the most intense yellow rose
extant; pretty buds.
La Nuaneee — Fine salmon rose, tinged with fawn and coppery
yellow; charming buds; an elegant variety.
La Princess Vera- One of the finest tea I'oses; very full and dou-
ble; immense buds, which are prettily shaped and quite
distinct: color pale flesh, changing to salmon rose, shaded
with carmine; very sweet; tea scented; a magnificent sort.
La SyljoMde — Blush, with fawn centre; very large and double; a
grand rose.
La Tidip — Creamy white, tinted with carmine; full and fragrant;
beautifully formed; a vigorous grower.
Lady Warrender — Pure w^hite, sometimes shaded with rose; me-
dium size; very fragrant: a very pretty rose.
Laurette — Delicate creamy white, shaded with rose; flesh-colored
centre, fine, full form; fragrant; sometimes finely dotted
with dark rose.
Le Mont Blanc — Vale lemon yellow, growing lighter as the
flowers expand; very charming buds.
THE HOME FLORIST. 99
V Elegante— Of medium size; full, good shape; color vivid rose,
centre yellow, shaded and striped with white; very free
blooming; truly an elegant variety.
Le Nankin— I*s.\e yellow, shaded with coppery yellow; pretty "buds,
ie PocfoZe— Very free flowering, elegant buds; color pale sulphur
yellow; much esteemed.
Letty Coles— Soft, rosy pink, deeply shaded with crimson; extra
large, full form, exceedingly sweet; superb.
Louisa de la Rive— B.abit Yigoroiis; fio vers large, double, and of
fitie form imbricated; color flesh white, inclined to rose in
the centre; a constant winter bloomer.
Louis Richard — Rich, coppery rose, changing to carmine; large
size, full form; tea scented.
Ma Capucine — Nasturtium yellow, beautiful buds; a very dis-
tinct rose of very delicate habit.
Madame Adelaide Ristori—k. good bedding variety; color deep
blush; large and full.
Madame J.madiew— Flowers brilliant carmine with white centre;
reverse of petals silver rose edged with purple; large and
fragrant.
Madame Angele Jacqiiier — Light, silvery rose, shaded throughout
with coppery yellow ; flowers large and of distinct form;
free flowering; one of the finest new tea roses.
Madame Azelie Imbert — Large, full form, double; color rosy buff
with ]3each shading; fragrant.
Madame Barthelemy Levet — Canary yellow, medium size, full and
sweet.
Madame Bernard — Coppery yellow, medium size, very free flower-
ing; quite a distinct and grand rose.
Madame Bern oit Dej^roches -Dark, glossy pink, prettily tinged
with yellowish buff; base of petals white; flowers large,
sweet and full.
Madame Bravy — Canary white, large, full and very symmetrical
form and great fragrance; one of the most beautiful tea
roses.
Madame Brest— A splendid dark colored rose, shading to crimson:
flowers very large and double, and handsome when fully
open .
Madame Ca»w7Ze— Delicate rosy flesh, changing to salmon rose,
shaded and suffused with deep carmine; tea fragrance; a
magnificent variety.
lOO THE HOME FLORIST.
Madame Caroline Kusfer— Bright, lemon jeWow, very large and
handsomely shaped; one of the finest roses; ver}^ free
flowering.
Madame Chabaud de St. Mandrier — Extra large, full flowers;
color coppery or buff rose, elegantly tinted and shaded with
golden yellow; pretty and fragrant.
Madame Chedane Ouinoiseau — Sulphur yellow, shaded canary; a
very free flowering sort; valuable.
Madame Cusin — Violet rose tinged with yellow; a profuse bloom-
ing variety; extra.
Madame Damaizin — Beautiful salmon rose, changing to amaranth
and bright pink; a magnificent flower.
Madame Dennis — Wax wdiite centre, fawn and flesh; flowers
large, full and cupped ; a distinct and fine rose with beau-
tiful musk scent.
Madame de St. Joseph — Fawn, shaded salmon; large, full, sweet-
scented; highly esteemed.
Madame de Vatry — Red, shaded with salmon, of good form, both
in bud and flowers, and well scented; a very choice old
sort
Madame Devaucoux — Beautiful clear canary yellow ; delicious tea
fragrance: very double and full; a beautiful sort.
Madame de WatteviUe — White, shaded with salmon; outer petals
edged with bright rose; large flovvers, but not coarse; of
peculiar odor; petals evenly arranged.
Madame Dubroca— Growth vigorous; flowers large and double; of
fine shape; has a perfect habit; color delicate rose, shading
to yellow at base of petals; a new color.
Madame Elise Stchegoleff— Silvery white, beautifully clouded
with crimson and tinged with pale yellow; large, fine
flowers; very full and sweet.
Madame Eugenie Verdier—Yery large, finely-formed flowers of
good shape; color dark salmon yellow; highly commended.
Madame Falcot—¥me, apricot yellow with beautiful buds; tea
scented; a constant bloomer; much esteemed.
Madame Francois Janin— Orange yellow, small size; buds of ex-
quisite shape; very distinct, both in color and its peculiar
fragrance.
Madame Francois Levet— Beautiful, creamy yellow, tinged with
rosy blush; very large and double; commended.
THE HOME FLORIST. lOI
Madame Hippolyte Jamain — Large and very double, fine cup
form, white with yellow centre, delicately shaded with pink.
tea fragrance, extra fine.
Madame Joseph Halphin — Salmon pink, with yellowish centre ; an
elegant variety.
Madame Joseph Schivartz — White, flushed with rose, changing to
flesh white, flowering in clusters; full and well-formed
buds.
Madame Jules Margottin — Bright pink with crimson centre; large
and double; very sweet; full and fine.
3Iadame Jure — Lilac rose, good size and substance, fragrant; a
very pretty and desirable sort.
Madame Lambard—A fine large rose of elegant form, very full
and sweet; color a peculiar shade of silver bronze; buds
bright cherry red; a valuable variety.
Madame Leon de St. Jean — Carmine and orange, changing when
open to blush rose tinted with fawn and citron; exceedingly
fragrant ; an excellent rose.
Madame Leone Ferrier — Growth vigorous; .flowers large and full;
buds perfect and of fine form; color flesh white; excellent.
Madame Margottin — This is a great rose, always a favorite; very
large, perfectly double flowers, elegantly perfumed; beau-
tiful citron yellow with coppery centre; bright foliage.
Madame Maurice Kuppenheim— Flowers of elegant form, large
and full; color pale canary yellow, faintly tinged with pink,
shaded with coppery rose; sweet, handsome and desirable.
Madame Melanie Willermoz—CresiYn.y white, thick petals, large,
full and fragrant; an excellent sort for out-door culture.
Madame Paidiiie ia5o?i/e— Salmon rose, large and full: good in
the bud; will give the most bloom planted out of any tea;
an old and excellent sort.
Madame i^ewiond— Medium size, handsome form, color yellowish
white, centre darker; very fragrant.
Madame Welche—Yevj large, double and beautifully formed;
soft, pale yellow, shaded in the centre with orange and
copper; blooms freely: one of the finest teas.
Mademoiselle Cecile Berthod—A grand rose, extra large size, veiy
fragrant, very double; color deep clear yellow.
Mademoiselle Lazarine Poizeau— Bright daffodil: a very distinct
color in roses; prettiest in bud; of delicate habit.
I02 THE HOME FLORIST.
Mademoiselle Marie Annand—FXQ^^wt canary yellow, changing
to white, with reddish buff centre; large, full and fra-
grant; rare and elegant.
MademoiseUe Marie Burton — Pale yellow; very free flowering;
full and very double; fragrant, a magnificent sort.
Mademoiselle Marie Moreau — Pale, silvery white, elegantly flush-
ed with crimson and yellow; large, finely formed flowers,
full and sweet.
Mademoiselle Rachel— A. lovely tea rose, pure snow white; the
purest white tea rose; makes beautiful buds; a most
charming variety ; deliciously fragrant.
Marcelin Boda—Fale lemon yellow, deepening toward the centre
to golden yellow; lovely buds and flowers; an esteemed sort.
Marechal Robert — White, the centre shaded with flesh; very
large and full; a fine sort.
Marie Duclier — Salmon rose, large, very full; a free blooming
kind of excellent habit.
Marie Guillot — White, faintly tinged with yellow, large, full and
splendid form; one of the most beautiful teas. This rose
combines perfection in both shai^e and form.
Marie Pare— Beautiful rosy flesh, delicately shaded red, with rich
crimson centre; large, full flowers; very sweet.
Marie Sisley — An elegant rose, full and double; delicious tea
scent; color an exquisite shade of pale yellow, broadly
margined with bright rose; superb.
Marie Van Houtte — Pale yellow; edge of petals often lined with
rose, well formed; of good habit, and in every respect a
most charming sort. The finest tea for out-door culture.
Marquis de Sanima —Large, globular flowers, very double and
sweet; deep coppery yellow with rose centre.
Melville — Bright pink, changing to silver; rose good form; full
and fragrant.
Monsieur Furtado — Yellow, medium size, well formed, very full;
an excellent sort, of good habit; not nearly so much grown
as it deserves.
Nina — Silvery white, colored with rosy blush; medium size, full
and sweet; a good rose.
Niphetos — An elegant tea rose, very large and double; deliciously
sweet; color pure, snow white; highly valued for its lovely
buds, which are very large and pointed and borne on long
stems.
THE HOME FLORIST.
103
Niphetos,
Odorata — Carmine, changing to blush; large flowers, good in bud;
one of the most fragrant.
Olympe Frcesney — White, shaded yellow; full and large; free
bloomer and veiy sweet.
Ophelia— A charming variety with veiy pretty cream-white
flowers, changing to pure white when open; fine in bud.
Papa Gontier — Growth vigorous; flower large and full; vivid
rose shaded with yellow, reverse of petals, purplish red.
Paul Ndbonnand — An elegant shade of satiny rose, large and
lull; a charming free-blooming sort.
Perfection de Monplaisir — Canary yellow, medium size, full, very
free flowering; a splendid garden rose.
I04 THE HOME FLORIST.
Perle des Jardms— Canary or golden yellow, large and beauti-
fully formed buds, handsome in every stage of develop-
ment, from the smallest bud to the open bloom; without
doubt the finest dwarf yellow rose cultivated. The plant
grows freely and the foliage is a picture in itself, being ex-
quisitely edged w-ith pink. The flowers have a delicious
tea fragrance and are borne in great profusion; in every
respect a superb and charming rose. See figure.
Perle de Lyon— Yellow, with saffron centre; large, full and very
fragrant ; a rose of fine quality.
Premium de Charrissiens— Extra large, full and sweet; bright
carmine rose with fawn centre; splendid buds; a good gar-
den rose.
President— Splendid large flowers and buds; color soft rosy crim-
son, changing to brilliant carmine; very fragrant and beau-
tiful.
Princess of Wales — Color a rich rosy yellow, the centre deeper
yellow; very chaste and waxy in appearance; long, pointed
buds; very desirable.
Bed Safrano—See "Safrano a fleur Rouge."
i^ef/itZws -Large, perfect form, full and fragrant; color briUiant
carmine with purple and rose shading; good for both house
and garden; a splendid rose.
Peine de Portugal — Coppery yellow, blending with rose; large,
very full; an eminently distinct sort.
Peine des Massifs— A low, bushy grower and profuse bloomer;
flower medium size, full and sweet; color fine salmon yellow.
Peine Emma des Paijs B as— Bright yellow shaded with reddish
salmon; large, full flowers, very fragrant; an elegant
variety.
Peine Marie Pm— Splendid large, full flowers, bright scarlet
rose, with rich crimson centre; very fragrant and beauti-
ful; lovely buds.
Peine Olga de Wurtemhurg — Large, full and fine; color rosy
flesh, delicately tinged with salmon yellow; petals mar-
gined with crimson; blooms in clusters.
Posalie - A distinct and charming miniature rose, very pretty in
bud; open flowers of good substance; very free flowering;
color a deep jjink.
i^osa Aa6o?i?ia?id— Growth vigorous; flowers very large; double
and imbricated; delicate rose, vivid in centre; extra fine.
THE HOME FLORIST. I05
Royal Tea — "White, faintly tinged with yellow; long, beautiful
buds; medium size; full and sweet.
Rubens — Rosy flesh, deeper at centre; large, full, well formed;
fine in the bud; an excellent variety.
Safrano — Saffron and apricot yellow, exceedingly beautiful in
the bud; very free flowering; -much esteemed; deliciously
tea scented.
Safrano afleur Rouge— Ylowers bright salmon red, shaded with
coppery red; semi-double; has a peculiar scent.
Shirley Hibbard — A charming rose of medium size; full and dou-
ble; color real Nankeen yellow; very distinct; extra fine.
Souvenir d'Elise Vardon — Flesh color shaded with rosy salmon;
large, full and sweet; highly esteemed.
Souvenir de Georges ^SaJzcZ— Elegant and valuable; fine, large, full
flowers; bright carmine buds, changing when open to red-
dish amber, veined with crimson ; very fragrant.
Souvenir de Germain de St. Pierre— Growth vigorous; flowers
large and full, with very large petals; purplish red;
unique color in this class; very abundant bloomer.
Souvenir de Madam^. Fernet — Beautiful soft silvery rose, under-
laid with yellow; large, full flowers; very handsome when
in bud.
Souvenir de Marie Tetrey — An elegant rose ; large size, full, reg-
ular form, very double and sweet; color pure white, flushed
and tinted with soft, rosy crimson.
Souvenir de Paul Neyroii — White, beautifully tinged with clear,
golden yellow; petals edged with rosy crimson; very dis-
tinct and fine tea-scented.
Souvenir de Theresa Level — Color fine scarlet, shaded darker;
flowers large and freely produced; a charming new rose.
Souvenir d"un Ami— FiwQ delicate rose, shaded with salmon;
very large, full and exquisitely fragrant; free bloomer; a
rose that will please the most exacting.
Sunset — A beautiful, highly-colored rose of great merit. The
color is a rich, tawny shade of saffron and orange, similar
to, but deeper than the coloring of Safrano or Md. Talcot.
In size, vigor and productiveness, it is the same as ''Perle
des Jardiues." The young foliage is of a rich crimson,
which contrasts admirably with the orange-tinted safron
flowers; exquisitely sweet and in all respects a superb rose.
See figure.
I06 THE HOME FLORIST,
Sulphur eux — Sulphur yellow, medium size; fine in the bud; fra-
grant and profuse.
Therese Loth — Fine carmine red, with deep rose shading; full and
very sweet; free flowering; a good sort.
Triomphe de Milan— White, sufTused with pale yellow; large,
full, well-shaped flowers; a handsome variety.
Triomphe du Luxemhoiirg—Uosj carmine, finely nerved and
shaded with salmon; the buds are very handsome; free in
growth and flower; one of the best old sorts.
ZJrw'g^/e— White ground flamed with rose and purple; a beauti-
fully colored rose.
Vallee de Chamounix — The coloring of this rose is simply ex-
quisite; the base and back of petals is a bright yellow; the
centre highly colored with glowing copper and rose.
Vicomtesse de Cazes — An exceedingly lovely rose, very sweet,
very free flowering; color clear copper yellow in centre,
changing to lighter on reverse of petals.
White Bon Silene— This is a sprout from the old Bon Silene, pos-
sessing the same vigorous growth, the same free flowering
qualities, and as hardy in constitution as the parent. The
flowers are of pearly whiteness, and it is like gilding re-
fined gold to say more in its favor than that it is a counter-
part of the red Bon Silene. See figure.
White Catherine ilferme^— Identical with "Catherine Mermet,"
except in color, which is of a pure pearly white; excellent.
White Daily— Ture white, medium-sized flowers, which are
borne in great profusion; constant; also known as White
Tea.
Wliite Tea—See "White Daily."
William Francis Bennett — This new rose is expected to fill a long
felt want by taking the place of the old favorite, "General
Jacqueminot," which rose it resembles in color, being a
deep, rich crimson. Its bud in shape is long and slender,
like "Niphetos," its size that of "Marechal Niel," its fra-
grance like "La Fiance," and is beyond doubt the most de-
licious of any rose extant. In the superlative sense it pos-
sesses size, color, shape, fragrance, vigorous growth and
freedom in blooming; will undoubtedly become popular.
Yellow Tea — See "Flavescens,"
THE HUME FLORIST.
107
Noisette.
NOISETTE OR EVER-BLOOMING CLIMBERS.
This group is naturally of vigorous growth, nearly hardy, and
produces large clusters of flowers freely throughout the summer
and autumn. In fact, their distinguishing characteristic is their
I08 THE HOME FLORIST.
cluster-blooming habit; in a mild climate they become magnifi-
cent climbers; nothing can be finer than a wall covered with Lam-
arque, Solfaterre, or Cloth of Gold. Those in the South and Cali-
fornia wishing climbing roses should plant them freely.
Aimee Vibert, (Scandens) — Pure white, small, double flowers,
produced in large clusters; nearly hardy.
America— FsiWJi yellow, changing to coppery yellow; large, full
flowers.
Augusta—See "Solfaterre."
Beaute de V Europe — Deep yellow, reverse of petals, coppery yel-
low, flowers very large, full and well made; sujDerb.
Beauty of Oreenmount — Rosy red, medium size, hardy and vig-
orous.
Belle Lyonaise — Pale lemon yellow ; large globular flowers, very
full; a fine sort.
Boquet d'Or — Orange yellow, with coppery centre; large, full
and fine.
Caroline Marniesse—Creamj white, small and full; hardy; much
esteemed.
Car ydne Sclimitt — Blooms in clusters; fiowers full and regular,
color copper}^ rose, passing to buff and white; very pretty
and fragrant.
Celine Forestier — Pale yellow, deepening towards the centre;
hardy; one of the finest in the class.
Chromatella—See "Cloth of Gold."
Claire Car?io^— Buff or orange yellow, with peach-blossom cen-
tre; delightful tea scent; pretty and desirable.
Climbing Devoniensis — Same as tea rose "Devoniensis," except of
climbing, vigorous habit; one of the finest of the class.
Climbing Hermosa—See "Setina."
Cloth of Gold — Deep golden yellow, with sulphur edges; large,
full flc":^'er; a grand rose for the South.
Estella Pradle — Lovely pure white buds; flowers medium size;
full and sweet; profuse bloomer.
Euphrosyne — Pale yellow, orange tinge, a free bloomer ; good
grower; very fine sort.
Fellemberg — Rosy crimson; strong, vigorous grower; hardy.
Oloire de Dijon — In color a combination of rose, salmon and yel-
low; fiowers very large, very full; good globular form; a
very useful rose.
THE HOME FLORIST. I09
Isabella Gray — Deep, golden yellow, old and much esteemed.
James Sprioit — Deep velvety crimson; large flowers, full and
very double; a grand rose.
Lamarque — White, with sulphur centre; sometimes pure white;
very large, full flowers, fragrant, and makes beautiful buds;
an excellent rose.
Lily Metschersky — Flowers double and well formed ; color violet
red; vigorous habit; very free flowering; a charming rose.
Madame Berard — A first-class variety ; clear salmon pink, beau-
tifully shaded, crimson and rose; large, finely-formed buds
and flowers; full and sweet.
Madame Celina iVoire?/— Extra large, very double, full and sweet;
color soft, rosy blush, beautifully shaded with deep red; a
splendid sort.
Madame Louis Henry — Pale, silver rose, elegantly shaded with
buff and salmon; large and full; very fragrant.
Mada^ne Miolan Carvallio — Deep, sulphur yellow, large and full;
very double and sweet.
Madame Trifle — Fawn and yellow ; very large and full ; a good
sort.
Mareclial Niel — One of the largest, most beautiful roses grown;
flowers deep golden yellow, very large, very full, globular
form, delightfully fragrant; the finest of all the yellow
roses. The buds are of immense size; a rose of great
merit; highly esteemed.
Marie Levelley — Habit extra vigorous ; flowers large, full and of
fine form; color vivid rose, shaded and lined with white; a
splendid new rose.
Mush Cluster — Creamy white; medium size; flowers in large clus-
ters, with a delicate musk flavor; vigorous grower; excel-
lent.
Ophirie — Nasturtium yellow, suffused with coppery red; good
size; double; a very distinct sort.
Phaloe — Soft, creamy white, deepening to rosy buff; amber cen-
tre, very fragrant; large, double and fine.
Pumila — Salmon rose, tinged with coppery red; large, full, sweet
and very free bloomer.
Reine Marie Henriette— Flowers large, full and of flne form;
color beautiful cherry red; a pure shado, verj' double, very
sweet; an extra fine sort; sometimes called red flowering
"Gloire de Dijon."
no THE HOME FLORIST.
Reve d'Or—A beautiful pillar rose, being a strong climber; color
orange yellow or rosy buff; good size, full and sweet;
known also as "Golden Chain."
Setina—ldenticsd with Hermosa, except being of a vigorous
climbing habit; recommended .
Solfaterre— Fine, clear sulphur yellow; large, double, full and
fragrant; an excellent climbing rose; valuable.
Stephanie et Rodolphe — Flowers medium size; petals prettily im-
bricated; full, sweet, color orange yellow, flushed with rosy
crimson.
Therese Genevay — A lovely rose, beautifully cupped form, full and
double; very fragrant; color peach blossom and fawn,
shaded crimson.
Triomphe de Rennes — Canary yellow^, the centre tinged with sal-
mon; large, full and good.
W. A. Richardson — Branches strong and spreading; flowers of
good size, full, of fine form; color orange yellow; a new-
shade of Noisettes.
Washington — Medium size, pure white; blooms in large clusters;
strong grower; splendid.
Woodland Marguerite— Delicsite pure white, sometimes tinged
with flesh; medium size; free bloomer; an excellent rose.
HYBRID TEA ROSES.
This is a new group, produced from crossing Teas with Hybrid
Perpetuals. It is yet in an incipient state. Within a few years
there will doubtless be a great many varieties introduced. No
group attracts more attention than this, and it is certainly des-
tined to attain great popularity. La France, the oldest variety of
the class, is probably more highly-prized by connoiseurs than
any other rose, and though none of the new varieties in this divi-
sion have proved her equal, there will yet be found some worthy
companions among them. They are, in fact, indispensable, as
neither the rosariannor amateur can have a complete collection
without them, embracing as they do a delicacy of color and per-
fume found in no others.
Antoine Verdier—A beautiful variety; flowers bright silvery rose,
shaded and tinged with a very rich carmine; a very free
bloomer .
THE HOME FLORIST.
Ill
Hybrid Tea Rose.
Antoine Merniet — Very large, full and of fine shape; the color is
a rich, dark carmine pink, slightly shaded with pink; an
elegant rose.
Beauty of Stapleford - Deep rosy red, centre dark purplish, rose
large and double, very handsomely formed ; a richly-colored
and beautifully-shaped flower.
Camoens — Large flower, of a bright silvery pink color, shaded
with yellow; a very profuse bloomer; superb.
112 THE HOME FLORIST.
Cannes La Coquette — Very large, full flowers of perfect form; a
new color, reddish salmon, with a shade of brick red.
Clieshunt Hybrid — Cherry carmine with a shade of violet; flowers
large, full, slightly fragrant; distinct and fine.
Countess of Pembroke — Flowers large and of exquisite form; very
full and highly scented; color soft satiny pink, elegantly
shaded with rosy peach; very sweet and distinct.
Distinction Mauve color, shadedwithreddish amber; very pretty
and highly scented.
Duchess of Connaught — Large, very full and finely-formed; color
delicate silvery rose, with bright salmon centre; a charm-
ing rose of excellent quality; highly-scented.
Duchess of Westminster - Sa.tiny pink, shaded with rose, some-
times carmine rose; large, full flowers; fragrant.
Duke of Connaught Rosy crimson, large, full, well formed; has
charming buds; a fine rose.
Hon. George Bancroft — Flowers very large, full and regular; color
bright rosy crimson, elegantly tinged and shaded violet
very beautiful.
Julius Finger— Salmon pink, large and full form and habit per-
fect; a magnificent variety.
La France— One of the most beautiful of all roses, and is un-
equaled by any in its delicious fragrance; very large, very
double and superbly formed. It is difficult to convey an
idea of its beautiful coloring, but the prevailing color is
light silvery pink, shaded with silvery peach. It flowers
continuously throughout the season, often blooming so
freely as to check the growth of the plant, in which case a
portion of the buds should be removed; stands first among
the roses of our climate.
Lady Mary Fitzicilliams — Flowers extra large and globular; quite
full and regular; very fragrant and beautiful: color delicate
flesh, elegantly tinged with amber.
Madame Alexandre Bernaix— Salmon rose, edged with blush; full
globular form; fragrant; very beautiful.
Madame Etienne Levet— Cherry red, with a copperv shade; a good
clear color, well-shaped buds, freely produced; agreeably
perfumed.
Madam Julie Weidman— Flowers extra large; color clear silvery
rose, tinged with coppery yellow, reverse of petals; violet
crimson ; a beautiful rose.
THE HOME FLORIST.
113
La France.
Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet — Pale rose shaded with violet;
flowers large and full; a pleasing sort.
Michael Saunders — Rose, shaded with coppery red; medium size;
very full, finely formed; fragrant; a very distinct and
pleasing sort.
Nancy Lee — Satiny rose, of a very delicate and lovely shade;
beautiful buds, of medium size and highly perfumed; a v^ry
beautiful rose.
Pearl — Rosy flesh, medium size, full; has very jiretty buds: in
every respect an elegant sort.
Pierre Guillot— Bright, dazzling crimson; flowers large, very
double and sweet; a charmino- variety.
114 THE HOME FLORIST.
TriompJie cV Angers— 'Bright, fiery red, changing to darkest vel-
vety crimson, tinged with purple; large, full flowers; dou-
ble and extremely fragrant.
Viscountess Falmouth — Bright, shining rose; back of petals
bright carmine; flowers extra large and full; of splendid
form; very distinct and beautiful.
POLYANTHA ROSES.
A delightfully unique class of Roses. The original Polyantha
Rose is a hardy Japanese species with single flowers, and blooms
only in the spring. Its seedlings however, have shown a remark-
able tendency to vary from the character of the parent, and
among them are the kinds described below, which produce dou-
ble flowers and bloom continuously from early sj)ring until win-
ter. In habit they are most peculiarly distinct, being the dwarf-
est of all roses, with graceful, slender branches and delicate fol-
iage. They might be called Fairy Roses, with their miniature
and beautiful-shaped flowers, M'hich are borne in immense pani-
cles or clusters, elevated considerably above the foliage. It is
not unusual for one shoot to bear dozens of flowers; altogether
a new departure among Roses and an invaluable one. They will
no doubt prove to be comparatively hardy in nearly every section
of the country.
Anne Marie de Montr avel — A beautiful, pure white, fairy-Hke
rose, very double, perfect flowers, about the size of a 25-
cent piece; delightfully sweet-scented and borne in such
large clusters that the plant frequently seems to be a mass
of flowers. It blooms profusely from early summer until
late fall.
Mademoiselle Cecile Brunner — One of the most beautiful and
lovely in the class. The flowers are salmon pink, with deep
Salmon centre, borne in large clusters and deliciouslv per-
fumed; an exquisite miniature rose for floral work, bou-
quets, etc. ; a vigorous grower and a constant and profuse
bloomer; splendid bedder.
Mignonette— One of the most lovely and beautiful miniature
roses; the flowers are full and regular, perfectly double,
borne in large clusters, and deliciously perfumed; color
clear pink, changing to white, tinged with pale rose; it is a
vigorous grower, and a constant and profuse bloomer. We
THE HOME FLORIST.
115
V^"^xV<J?^^^^^5^«^^'' !^'^S5SSSS5iS^^^^^~«Ss\-*'SSS^^^
Polyantha Rose,
Il6 THE HOME FLORIST.
have seen as many as 150 flowers on this variety at one
time. It has also survived a temperature of 20 degrees be-
low zero without any protection.
Paquerette — We consider this variety the best of all the Poly-
antha Eoses. The flowers are pure white, about one inch
in diameter, flowering in clusters of from five to fifty
blooms; very full, prettily formed, recalling blossoms of
the double flowering cherry, and f ullj'^ equals the double
white Primrose in profuse blooming during the winter. It
has a peculiarly delicious perfume that is exquisite; alto-
gether a rose of charming beauty and great merit.
Perle cVOr — This is a new and striking rose, similar in character
and habit of growth to Anne Marie de Montravel. The
flowers, however, are larger, and if possible produced in
still greater number than those of that valuable variety,but
the great difference lies in the color, which is a beautiful
light canary yellow, deeper in the centre, with small, white
edge; blooms in clusters, numbering often sixty to sixty-
five flowers each; medium size, of fine form and texture;
petals are slightly imbricated and overlap each other, giv-
ing the flower a very double appearance; growth bushy,
rarely attaining over fifteen inches in height; regarded as
one of the finest, most distinct and valuable of the class.
CULTIVATION AND MANAGEMENT.
The Garden. — Roses, to be most effective, should be planted
in a bed by themselves, where it is possible to do so. A dozen
Roses scattered about the garden lose their individuality, and are
not nearly so attractive as when planted in masses of any shape
the grounds may allow or fancy suggest. Any fair, w^ell-drained
garden soil w411 answer for them, although where a choice can be
had, a loamy clay is preferable; but "whatever its character may
bo, to attain anything like perfection in their culture it should be
dug two spades deep and have plenty of rotted stable manure
thoroughly incorporated with it. During summer the surface
of the soil should be kept loose by cultivation. In planting the
hardy varieties, including Hybrid Perpetuals, which are to re-
main permanently in the beds, do not plant so close that they
will become crowded aftei' attaining to some size; three to four
feet is about right for this division, although the tender sorts will
THE HOME FLORIST. 11/
do some nearer, Roses will not thrive in a situation much shaded
and like many other plants they do better if not exposed to
sweeping winds.
Pruning". — Usually the most pleasing form for the Rose is a
symmetrical, bushy one, and this can be produced by judi-
cious pruning. The proper time to prune those that are entire]}^
hardy is late in the fall, while the varieties that are liable
to be frozen back in winter should have the operation deferred
until early spring. All strong shoots of the last season's growth
should be cut back to three or four eyes, making the cut with an
upward slope from directly above an eye; weak growths should
be entirely removed. This treatment will cause a vigorous
growth of young w^ood, and tends to increase the size and beauty
of the flowers. In pruning climbing Roses, only such shoots as
may appear superfluous, and all old wood that can be si^ared,
should be cut away. The varieties of the tender division, the
growth of which is almost continual, require pinching back of
the strongest new shoots during the season to keep the plants
shapely, and all branches after flowering should be cut back suf-
ficir'ntly to induce from three or four new flowering shoots to
start into growth from the buds which remain.
Insects Injurious to Roses. — The most troublesome in-
sect enemies of the hardy Roses are the Rose Saw-fly, especially in
its caterpillar state —then known as the Rose Slug — and the Rose
Chafer^ or Bug. As the depredations of each of these sometimes
assume a serious form, I will endeavor to describe them so that
they may be known at their first appearance, and proper reme-
dies be applied in time to check their ravages. During the last
two weeks of May, and until the middle of June, the Rose Saw-
flies make their appearance upon the plants, pair and lay their
eggs in the incisions made with their saws in the leaves. They
are of a shiny black color, about one-fifth of an inch long, and
will be found mostly on the under side of the leaves, or flying
around from bush to bush. The first young slugs hatch out in a
few weeks after the flies appear, usually showing themselves
about June 1st, and increasing in number during the month.
These are of a pale green color and have an almost transparent,
jelly-like appearance. They feed upon the leaves, which soon
look as if they had been burned, and drop if the slugs are not de-
stroyed. Dry slacked lime scattered over the leaves while wet
with dew is the most convenient remedy for destroving them,
Il8 THE HOME FLORIST.
and will of ten prove effectual ; but a more destructive one may
be had in frequently syringing the plant with whale oil soap dis-
solved in water in the proj^ortion of one pound to eight gallons
of water. Many of the female insects in their beetle state — being
more sluggish than the males — can be destroyed with this solution
if thoroughly applied by sprinkling or with a syringe every day
as they first appear. No pains should be spared to lessen the num-
ber as much as possible by this means. The Rose Chafer is a
small insect with a slender body, which tapers before and behind,
measuring near three-eighths of an inch in length, and entirely
covered with ashen-yellow down. They usually appear towards
the middle of June, sometimes in large numbers, and remain
from four to six weeks, also feeding on some other plants beside
the Rose. The usually efficacious remedies employed in destroy-
ing other insects, scarcely effect these at all; and about the only
way of destroying them is to pass over the plants daily, shake or
brush them into tin vessels containing water, or they may be
gathered on sheets and burned. Red Spider and Green-fly are the
most common insects met with in cultivating Roses in the win-
dow and conservatory, and directions are given for preventing
and destroying these in the articles on "The Amateur's Conserv-
atory," and "Plant Culture in and about the House.*'
Mildew and Rust,— Mildew is a fungoid growth which
shows itself upon the leaves and small twigs of Roses and other
plants, both indoors and out at times. It has a gray, mold-like
appearance, and seems to be invited hj anything that causes the
growth of the plant to be suddenly checked. Roses making a
vigorous growth in the window or conservatory, if exposed to a
strong draft of cold air from the outside, will frequently be trou-
bled with mildew, or by allowing the soil to become dry enough
to cause the leaves to droop generally affects them similarly. In
Rose culture all such unfavorable causes must be strictly guarded
against. The ordinary agent, and undoubtedly the best, for erad-
icating and also preventing mddew is flour of sulphur, which
may be apphed by dusting it upon the leaves after wetting
down the foliage, every few days, until it is no more to be seen.
Rust frequently troubles Roses in the garden by aj^pearing upon
the leaves. The best way to deal with it is to cut off and burn
the infected branches, although if badly affected it may necessi-
tate the sacrifice of the greater part of the plant.
THE HOME FLORIST. II9
Protection During- Winter. — "Wherever it is possible, by
means of protection, to keep Roses in the open ground during
winter, I advocate the plan of so doing. There will be little use
of attempting to winter any but the most robust varieties, how-
ever, unless the ground is thoroughly drained, and when the ros-
ary is in such condition, little loss need occur in leaving out many
of the tender varieties, if well protected. One of the best ways
of protecting tender kinds, is to bend the plant to the ground
and completely cover with fine soil from six to ten inches deep.
If the Eoses are in a bed, the plants should all be bent in one
direction, and the entire bed covered to the same depth. Another
good way is to remove the top and bottom from a barrel or box,
and placing it over the plant, fill loosely w^ith leaves or straw. An
amateur cultivator in Pennsylvania informs me that she succeeds
in wintering tender Roses by laying them flat on the ground and
covering them with a board. Where the winters are very severe
and it is not considered desirable to risk tender kinds out of doors,
they may be carefully taken up, pruned slightly, and placed in a
cold pit until spring. By admitting an abundance of air in sunny
spring days and warm weather they may be planted into the beds
again by May 1st in this latitude. They should however, be
pruned again before planting out .
In cut on next page, taken from the Rural New Yorker, is shown
a new method of treating tender and half-hardy roses and other
plants, lately described in that excellent paper, and which enables
the owner to remove them easily to a place of safety in the iall^nd
replant them in the spring, with but very little disturbance of the
roots. For roses, take an ordinary 12-inch pot and drill or bore
a number of holes one inch in diameter through the sides, as
shown at Fig. 1. The pots would be better if originally made
with these holes, and the sides of the pots all about them thicken-
ed, as shown in the cut; this thickening would add greatly to the
strength of the pot. The bush is to be planted in the pot, using
good rich soil for the purpose. The rose grounds should be made
very rich with well-rotted manure, and a liberal use of charcoal-
dust adds much to the health of plants and beauty of the flowers.
At the proper season set the pot and plant in place where desired,
as sh(,wn at 3; this puts the pot entirely beneath the surface and
out of sight, which, in ornamental grounds, is very desirable. As
the growth progresses, the roots emerge from the pot in all direc-
tions, penetrating the soil, and the bush grows as vigorously as
I20
THE HOME FLORIST.
A New Method of Planting.
though planted in the open soil. After severe freezing in the fall,
the pot and plant are raised, those roots within the pot being, of
course, entirely undisturbed, and can be stored in a cold cellar or
other convenient place where, entirely protected from the sun's
rays, and from too severe freezing, the j)ot and protruding roots
should be covered with damp sand or earth. Fig. 2 shows the
plant ready for replanting, with roots and top cut back, as should
be done each spring, and then planted out as before as soon as
danger of severe freezijig is passed. The grounds should be en-
riched each year, and being very rich, the plant at once com-
mences a rapid growth, which is essential to an abundant bloom.
Each succeeding fall it is to be taken up and treated in the same
way, and can be kept many years in good health and vigor. In
place of the pot, any wooden box, having numerous holes in its
sides may be used, but, of course, it is not nearly as durable or
desirable, for in the damp, warm soil, it decays rapidly, and is
liable to become full of insects.
Most varieties of Hybrid Perpetual Roses will survive the cold-
est winters unprotected, if growing on dramed ground. It is,
however, a wise policy, to cover all the plants with straw late in
autumn, as this is but little trouble, and they generally flo%yer
better, while they are sure to winter safely with such treatment.
This may be done by driving a stake firmly into the ground to
eacli plant, and tying it nicely and rather close to it; then some
straightened straw is placed around the entire length of the
THE HOME FLORIST. 12 I
plant- -it need not be very thick—completing the operation by
binding twine or straw bands around the whole in several places
throughout its length. An application of stable manure or leaves
around the base of the plant will afford all needed protection to
the roots. All roses, including the most tender kinds, will stand
some freezing without injury, and it is as well to defer j)rotecting
them until quite late in the fall, say in November. In the spring,
as soon as the frost is out of the ground and growing weather is
at hand, all protection should be removed.
Roses for Pot Culture aud Winter Blooming-.— The
tender monthly roses are nearly all suitable for pot culture and
winter flowering, the Tea-scented section, with its unapproacha-
ble bud varieties, being usually preferred. Plants designed for
winter blooming should be grown in pots during the previous
summer. These should be plunged to the rim in earth or coal
ashes, in order to prevent their drying out. Roses under any cir-
cumstances are quite susceptible of being injured by becoming
too dry, and the condition should always be guarded against in
pot culture. In the remarks on page 3l, entitled "Preparatory
Treatment of Plants designed for Winter Flowering," directions
are given which apply to summer treatment of roses grown in
pots for this purpose. In August the plants should be shifted into
larger-sized pots, or planting them into a box will answer quite
as well. If they are to be grown in the window, they should
now be gradually inured to the changed light and heat by keep-
ing them in confinement only a part of the day, in the interven-
ing time giving them an airy exposure under the piazza or at the
side of the house, lessening this by degrees as the season ad-
vances. If to be forced in the conservatory, this means of accli-
mation is unnecessary, provided plenty of air is allowed to circu-
late through the structure after they have been taken in. Their
winter position should be as much exposed to sun as possible, and
the temperature kept at between 55° and 60° at night, with an in-
crease of 15° higher during the day. Syringe the plants fre-
quently and never allow them to suffer from dryness at the roots.
Before dismissing this subject, I will explain how, by means of
a cool greenhouse or a cold pit, the Hybrid Perpetual and many
other hardy roses, besides all tender ones, may be taken up and
made to do a kind of double duty, safely, and with little trouble,
by flowering profusely in the house or conservator}^ in March or
later, and after being returned to the garden thrive there as
122 THE HOME FLORIST.
usual. For this purpose any of the plants growing and flowering
during summer are suitable without extra treatment. Dig them
carefully late in October in this latitude, and prune away the old
straggling wood and superfluous shoots, cutting the remaining
shoots back to several eyes; then pot into good fresh soil, one-
third part of which should consist of well-rotted manure, press-
ing it down very firmly and give them a thorough watering. After
this place the potted roses in a cool greenhouse or cold jDit, where
they are to remain until the middle of January and later for a
succession. In bringing them in from the cold pit to the window
or conservatory for flowering, do not place in too high a tempera-
ture at once. A situation indicating 40° or 45° will answer for
them at first, and from this they might gradually be changed to
a temperature of from 50° to 60° at night, and receive treatment
as directed for winter blooming plants. Contrary to what might
be supposed, thus forcing roses late in the winter does not materi-
ally injure the usefulness of the plants, for by planting them out
again in May, the monthly varieties will flower considerable, and
all will regain their usual vigor in time.
DESCRIPTION OF
ORNAMENTAL AND FLOWERING PLANTS
WITH CULTURAL DIRECTIONS.
Plants that are grown for ornament, as well as others, are clas-
sified according to their habits, means of reproduction, time of
flowerir.g and maturity, etc., into a number of divisions, as
name^i and described herewith.
ANNUALS.
All those plants that flower the flrst year from seed, and, after
yielding a new crop of seed, die, root and all, are called Annuals.
These are sub-divided into several kinds, such as Hardy, Half-
Hardy and Tender Annuals.
Hardy Annuals are those that readily germinate and make
their growth to full maturity in the open air, without the aid of
artificial heat, such as Sweet Pea, Nemophila, Candytuft, etc.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 23
Half Hardy and Tender Annuals differ from the Hardy An-
nuals in being more tender, on which account most of them
should receive the assistance of artificial heat and protection
during germination and in the early stages of their growth, al-
though nearly all flower w^ell later in the season if the seeds are
sown in the open ground after all danger of frost to the young
seedling is over. The Portulaca, Phlox Drummondi, Marigold,
etc., belong to this division.
BIENIS^IALS
flower the second and sometimes the third year after sowing,
then ripen their seed and die, root and all.
perex:n^ials
live and blossom from year to year, and, although some seed free-
ly, many do not, and are best increased by layers, cuttings, sep-
aration of the roots, etc. This division is sub-divided into Hardy
Herbaceous Perennials, and, in our latitude, Tender or Green-
house Perennials, each of which include some Bulbous and
Tuberous plants.
Hardy Herbaceous Perennials are plants like the Pseonies, Hardy
Phlox, Hyacinths, Lilies, Lychnis, etc., whose roots continue to
live year after year, although the growth above ground dies an-
nually, either soon after flowering or in the fall. Most of these
kinds are propagated by division of the roots, which may be
taken up for this purpose every few years. Many can also be in-
creased from seed, others by layering.
Tender or Greenhouse Perennials for the most part consist of
plants whose entire growth, both plant and root, is continual, and
which are, with few exceptions, increased by slips or cuttings
taken from growing plants. These plants are usually reared in
pots, and belong to a division that, to some extent, is old and
well known. The common monthly Rose, Rose, Fish and Horse-
shoe Geraniums, the Lady's Ear-Drop, Snake and other Cactus,
Oleanders, Rosemary, etc., which all of us have been familiar
with from infancy, almost, belong to this division, while many
varieties and kinds, quite as easy of cultivation, and greatly im-
proved, which have come into general use only within late years
are still comparatively unknown, and receive little attention, ex-
cept from professional florists, and the more enthusiastic ama-
teurs. To this class of plants we are indebted for many of our
124 THE HOME FLORIST.
choicest floral gems, either for cultivation in the house, conser^^a-
tory or garden. Frequently members of the same botanical genus
vary so much as to be properly arranged in several of the above
divisions. This is the case with the Phlox, some species of vrhich
are Hardy Annuals, and other Hardy Herbaceous Perennials;
also with the flowering Pea and others.
Comparative Value. — In this connection it may be well to
consider the comparative value and cost of various kinds of
flowers, presuming that the reader who purchases stock, desires
to make the best investment with any money to be expended.
Although the prices of individual pot and other plants range
higher than those of single packets of flower seeds, it should be
remembered that the former are always of considerable, often of
a flowering, size when purchased, while plants still require to be
reared from the latter; then, again, when once a plant is pur-
chased it can be increased by cuttings, divisions, etc., to any de-
sired extent, and the quality of the variety is never materially
impaired, because each plant propagated is part of the parent,
with a root of its own. With seeds it is different; every experi-
enced amateur knows that it is next to impossible to keep up a
superior strain or variety with seed unless this is saved from
plants grown isolated, after the manner practiced by regular
seed growers. The trouble is they are apt to mix and deteriorate
which may necessitate the purchase of the same kind each spring
if it is considered desirable to keep up the stock very pure.
Should this be necessary however, with varieties that cannot be
saved pure, the outlay to procure superior new seed need not be
large each year, and it should be remembered that many of the
better annuals and other seed-grown plants can be used with un-
equaled effect in producing display in the house or about the
grounds.
In the descriptions which follow, the division to which ( ach
sort belongs is named in the parenthesis following the name of
the kind. For an explanation of the figures and degrees which
follow the name of Greenhouse Perennials, for instance ABUTI-
LON, (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45. 85°), see "Temperature,"
etc., page 44.
ABELIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 32, 45, 85°).
A genus of greenhouse slirubs from Japan; they are of slender
branching habit, very attractive and pleasing; of easy culture.
THE HOME FLORIST.
125
Abutilon.
A. Rupestris — Is of dwarf habit and flowers profusely in autumn
or winter; the flowers are produced in compact clusters,
white, and of exquisite fragrance; propagated from cut-
tings.
ABUTILON (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85°).
A genus of plants noted variously for their peculiar bell-
shaped flowers of different colors, for the variegated foliage of
some varieties, and for the fine drooping habit of others; all are
suitable for culture in pots in the house and conservatory, some
for bedding and others for planting in vases and hanging baskets,
while there is not a delicate or feeble growing variety among
them; when bedded out in the summer they can be taken up
about September 1st and potted for winter decoration as readily
as the average of plants; all should receive an occasional prun-
ing; propagated from cuttings or seed.
126 THE HOME FLORIST.
^4. Mesopotamiciim, has calyx of the flower scarlet; petals yel-
low; of straggling, slender growth; excellent for training
to a stake or trellis.
A. Mesopotamiciim pictum—A new variety, and one of the finest
drooping plants for planting at the edge of baskets and
vases, or for pot culture; the leaves are narrow, of beautiful
shape and rather small, and are richly variegated with
golden yellow on green, which renders the plant exceed-
ingly valuable for contrasting with other drooping plants.
A. Thompsonii — The leaves are distinctly variegated and marbled
with bright yellow on dark green ground. This variety is
one of the best bedding and also pot plants for inside cul-
tivation; it grows vigorously when planted out and the dis-
tinctness of its leaf markings.
A. santaiia —Purplish crimson flowers ; one of the best old sorts.
A. Royal Scarlet— Yery dwarf and the darkest colored sort
grown.
A. Yelloio Prince — One of the newest dwarf; bright yollow.
A. Prince of Heilhron — Variegated foliage, J ike Thompsonii, but
is much better in its markings.
A. A7'thur Belsha^n — Clear crimson without markings; the best of
its color.
A. Ed. Layeillon — Dwarf grower; a splendid bedder, with bright
golden yellow flowers.
A. Standard — Dwarf habit; flowers light purplish red; large size,
being more expanded than in other sorts.
A. Robert George — This is an elegant sort, both as to habit and
blooming qualities, being upright; moderately dwarf, pro-
ducing flowers of orange, veined with crimson in great pro-
fusion.
A. Snow Storm — A dwarf -growing variety, producing pure white
flowers; a splendid winter blooming variety.
A. Thompsonii plena — This new variety has perfectly double
flowers that resemble inform a double hollyhock; color rich
deep orange, shaded and streaked with crimson; it is a
sport from A. Thompsonii, and still retains the beautifully
mottled yellow and green foliage of that variety.
ACALYPHA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 60, 95^).
Handsome greenhouse shrubs with beautiful foliage, being used
more each year for bedding purposes; propagated from cuttings.
THE HOME FLORIST. 12/
A. tricolor — Has variegated foliage of green, copper-colored and
red, irregularly mottled and blotched.
A. tnarginati — Very pretty bronze-colored leaf with distinct edge
of pink or red; very pretty.
ACHANIA {Greenliouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85").
A shrub that blooms both summer and winter ; not subject to
insects of any kind ; one of the most satisfactory house plants
grown ; are propagated from cuttings.
A. nialvavisctis—Is remarkable for the beauty of its scarlet
flowers and beautiful green leaves.
ACHILLEA {Hardy Perennial).
A genus of hardy plants, partly natives, several of which pro-
duce attractive flowers during the summer months; they will
thrive in any soil; they are increased by division of the roots.
A. ageratum — Has golden yellow flowers.
A. millefolium — Is a pretty rose-colored variety.
A. ptarmica fl. pi. — Produces do-uble pure white flowers; is de-
sirable ui every collection. It continues to bloom most of
the season, throwing up a succession of its pretty little
flowers, in corymbs, on stems about one foot high. The
foliage is narrow and of a dark shining green color; per-
fectly hardy.
ACHIMENES {Tender Tuber).
Tropical plants for summer blooming; the scaly tubers must be
preserved entu'ely dry during winter. In early spring, pot in
peat, sand and a little light soil. They delight in heat, moisture
and shade while growing, but in a more cool temperature when
in bloom. Excellent for baskets.
ACHYRANTHES {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90').
The Achyranthes are plants with beautiful foliage, most of
which are excellent for planting in masses and in the ribbon
style, their distinct cokrs forming a striking contrast with Cen-
taureas and other white-leaved plants. All are well-suited for
planting in the centre of hanging baskets and vases, and also for
house and winter culture, as they develop their colors even
in partial shade and prove to be somewhat hardier than Coleus for
128 THE HOME FLORIST.
this purpose. They reach a height of from one to one and a half
feet. Any of the varieties may be readily propagated from cut-
tings in a warm place. For summer culture the cuttings should
be struck m February or March, while to have beautiful medium -
sized plants for window culture in the winter or to plant into
ferneries— for wdiich purpose they are admirably adapted — propa-
gate in June or July.
A. aureus reficwZa^ws— Has leaves of a light green color, netted
with golden yellow, occasionally splashed with crimson;
stalk and leaf -stems light crimson; a beautiful and desira-
ble plant.
A. Gihonii — With leaves striped with various shades of carmine;
stems of a deep shade of pink; in some respects an improve-
ment on old Verschaffeltii, being of a more dense and com-
pact growth; excellent in every way.
A. Lindenii— An upright dwarf grower, about one foot high,
completely branched from the root; leaves narrow lanceo-
late, of a deep, blood-red color, reflecting varying tints of
red and j^urple; unsurpassed for bedding.
A. Lindenii aureus variegata — A variety in every respect similar
to Aureus reticulatus, except that it resembles Lindenii in
growth and form of leaf .
ACROCLINIUM (Half-hardy Annual).
This is one of the several useful everlasting flowers that are
readily grown from seed. The flowers are of medium size, good
form, and are not excelled by any other everlasting in points of
delicacy and beautiful tints. It is better to scartthe young plants
in heat and transplant to eight inches apart, then to sow directly
where they are to blooui, although there is no great danger of
failure by doing so about June 1st. The flowers should be cut for
use in winter before they are fully expanded.
A. album — Pure white.
A. roseum — Bright rose.
AGAPANTHUS. (Tender Bulb.)
An old genus of Liliaceous plants, belonging to the greenhouse,
and easily grown in light fibrous loam and old manure. During
the growing season water must not be neglected. Store away in
the cellar during winter. This plant will frequently send up a
flower stalk three feet high, crowned with twenty or thirty flowers,
THE HOME FLORIST.
129
which will open in succession. It is a noble ornament on a lawn.
A. umbellatus — Numerous large umbels of bright blue flowers,
on tall stems.
AGAVE— Century Plakt {Greenhouse Perennial, 32, 45, 90^).
This remarkable family of plants belongs to the class knowu as
fleshy plants, and which have thick, massive leaves that present
but a small amount of surface in proportion to their bulk. lu tlie
present instance the plants have no proper stem previous to the
time of sending up their flowering shoot, which, as is well known,
takes place at an advanced age, although the popular impression
that they do not flower until the age of one hundred years is er-
roneous. In Central and South America, their native habitats,
they flower previous to their twentieth year, but in our green-
houses not usually until they have reached three or four times this
age. After flowering the plant dies to the ground, but the root
sends up a mass of new plants. The leaves are long, thick, and
terminate in a point; they diverge upwards and outwards from
the centre and together form one of the most effective pot plants
for decorating the grounds in summer and the conservatory or
dwelling in winter that can be cultivated. The Agaves are easy
to grow, being not at all particular as regards light or heat, in this
resj)ect resembling the Cactus, and quite as deshable for house
culture. Their growth can be retarded or encouraged by more or
less frequently shifting them into larger pots, which, at the most,
should not be done of tener than once a year.
Their are two varieties in common cultivation— ^4. Americana,
with bluish-green leaves, and A. Americana variegata, similar in
appearance to the preceding, except that the foliage is strij^ed
throughout its length.
AGERATUM {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 75 ).
The Ageratums are rapid growing, profuse blooming, easily
propagated plants, that will thrive with the most ordinary treat-
ment; either if bedded out or in pots, and are deserving of a place
in every collection. The flowers are produced in compact tuft-like
heads, and although no striking colors exist in them, they appear
in large numbers continually throughout the summer: are of ex-
cellent form and have long convenient stems, which render them
useful for working into bouquets. Being almost continually in
flower, most of the varieties are valuable for planting in ribbon
130 THE HOME FLORIST.
lines or for massing, and they are very easily reared from cuttings
in large numbers, a fact that should not be overlooked. The
variety with variegated foliage creates a very pretty effect v^-heu
similarly employed. Ageratums can be forced to flower in the
winter quite well, either in the dwelling or conservatory, but are
not prominently valuable for this purpose, as the red-spider is
rather liable to trouble the plants. Young summer propagated
plants can easily be kept in a growing condition over winter from
which to take cuttings for spring stock.
A. Imperial dwarf — Is of compact low growth, attaining the
height of eight inches, and spreading to the size of one foot
across; it is almost entirely covered with lavender-blue
flowers during the greater part of the sujoimer.
A. Mexieanum is one of the best for cut flowers; the flowers are
of a delicate lavender color, and very freely produced; the
plants grow to a height of from eighteen to twenty-four
inches.
A. Mexieanum variegatum — A beautiful variety of the last-named
one, which it resembles in habit, but the leaves are varie-
gated with yellow, green and sometimes a faint shade of
crimson; suitable for bedding or pot culture.
A. Tom Thumb— The smallest variety of all, rarely attaining more
than six inches in height; flowers of a light porcelain blue
color.
A. Blanche — Pure white; a most valuable sort.
A. John Douglas — Dwarf and bushy flowers, azure blue, making
it one of the most valuable additions to bedding plants of
late introduction.
AGROSTEMMA (Hardy Annual).
A species of plants that flower freely in the summer. Although
perhaps not as valuable as some others, they may be grown
easily from seed, and having long stems and rather attractive
colors, are so useful and pretty in bouquets and other floral ar-
rangements that they should not be passed by.
The varieties commonly grown are New Scarlet, of bright color,
Coeli Rosa, of a deep rose color, but there are still other good ones.
AKEBIA QUINATA. {Hardy Climber).
This plant is suitable for large arbors or trellises. It will twine
around old trees, completely covering the branches from which it
THE HOME FLORIST. I3I
will hang in graceful festoons. The color of the flower is dark
brown; very sweet scented; it is easily propagated from cuttings
or by layering,
ALLAMANDA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, 90°).
A splendid genus of greenhouse plants, invaluable for exhibi-
tion purposes. They should be grown in equal parts of fibrous
loam, peat and sharp sand, with a little rotted manure. Give
strong heat and moisture; propagated from cuttings.
A. nerifolia—A compact-growing greenhouse shrub, having
large, trumpet-shaped, bright yellow flowers, which are
borne in great profusion nearly the entire season.
A. Hendersonii — A valuable greenhouse plant, having large, deep
yellow flowers four inches in diameter. It can be trained
to climb, or can be grown in bush form, as desired. It
blooms nearly the entire season ; a splendid plant.
A. Schottii — Produces immense numbers of large, funnel-shaped
flowers; golden yellow.
ALOYSIA CITRIODORA— Lemon Verbena {Greenhouse Peren-
nial, 33, 45, 80°).
A neat growing shrub, with elegant light green lanceolate
leaves that are dehciously fragrant; in this respect hardly equalled
by any other plant in cultivation. It is difficult to describe a fra-
grance with words. That of this plant somewhat resembles
fche Oder of lemons, yet besides possesses a sweetness and agree-
ableness that is indescribable. Sometimes persons of cultivated
tastes may be met to whom the fragrance of such flowers as the
Heliotrope, Mignonette, Tuberose, Jasminum, etc., which are
prized by nearly every one, are found to be distasteful, but I have
yet to find the person who does not like the Lemon Verbena fra-
grance. Although the Aloysia is a tender perennial; its sheds its
leaves in the fall, and enters into a natural state of rest during
the winter, in which condition it may be kept over until spring in
some moderately dry place, like under the staging of a conserva-
tory or on a shelf in the cellar away from frost. The soil about
the root should not be allowed to become dust dry, but occasion-
ally may be treated to a little water. In March or April the plants
should be brought to light and should be watered frequently to
induce a new growth for the season. They may also be pruned at
132 THE HOME FLORIST.
this time. The Aloysia is suitable either as a pot plant or for bed-
ding out, and will prove to be one of the easiest of plants to
manage; propagated from cuttings.
ALTERN ANTHER A {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 60, 90°).
A genus of ornamental plants, with richly-colored leaves in the
summer and which are well adapted for pot culture, baskets,
vases, and for bedding out in ribbon lines or edging to flower beds.
They are of a similar size to, and contrast beautifully with, varie-
gated Alyssum and variegated Thyme for bedding purposes. The
plants grow rapidly, and assume compact, globular forms of from
five to twelve inches high, which are extremely beautiful. In
August young plants can readily be obtained from cuttings for
winter decoration and from which to propagate spring stock. The
plants are easily injured by frost and should be planted out late
enough in the spring to avoid danger from this cause.
A. amabilis — The foliage of tliis variety is finely variegated with
orange, rose and green ; vigorous.
A. latifolia — Broad, smooth leaves, with many bright colors and
tints on green ground; resembling autumn leaves.
A. spathulata — Leaves carmine and green, the carmine predomi-
nating; five inches.
A. spectabile — Leaves orange, bronze and scarlet.
A. versicolor — A beautiful and distinct variety of rose and deep
crimson color; nine inches.
A. parychioides — Leaves prettily marked with yellow and red.
A. parychioides major — Foliage with a bright orange-colored tint.
A. aurea — Beautiful bright yellow leaves.
A. aurea nana — This new variety seems to supersede everything
else for a yellow line in massing or ribbon bedding; the
leaves are bright golden yellow; habit upright and com-
pact; height four inches.
ALTHAEA— Rose of Sharon {Hardy Shrub).
This is really one of the most showy and beautiful flowering
shrubs; the flowers are of large size, in some very double, and of
various brilliant and striking colors, such as white, purple,
striped, rose and violet. It blooms freely during August and
September, when scarcely any other tree or shrub is in bloom.
There is also a beautiful variety with variegated foliage of green
and white; propagated from cuttings.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 33
ALYSSUM, SWEET {Hardy Annual).
A pretty little plant, easy to rear from seed and to cultivate in
summer and winter for bouquets; its white, fragrant flowers,
which are produced abundantly, rendering it valuable for this
purpose. For summer culture sow in the open ground where it is
to bloom, or transplant from the seed bed, in either case leaving
four inches of space between the plants. It is also a useful j)lant
for hanging basket and vase cnlture. To have an abundance of
flowers in the winter, sow about July 1st and cultivate in pots
during the summer, not allowing them to bloom for the first four
or five months. This plant, although usually treated as an annual,
is really a perennial, as is shown when the flowers are picked to
prevent seeding, and it is kept in a growing temperature.
Alyssum, Variegated Sweet {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50,
80"^j. — This is a pretty, variegated variety of the common and is
grown from cuttings. It is also quite similar in appearance to the
parent, but white predominates over green in the color of the
leaves, making it exceedingly ornamental, even aside of its many
white sweet-scented flowers; although one of the finest droopers
for planting at the edge of hanging baskets and vases, and also as a
pot plant, it is one of the best low bedding plants for ribbon lines
or edgings, as it assumes a dense, compact form when bedded.
AMARANTHUS {Half-Hardy Annual).
Some varieties of the Amaranthus family are very highly es-
teemed as garden and pot plants for their beautiful showy foliage
and for the fantastic forms and arrangement of the flowers. Then
there are others usually advertised in seedsmen's catalogues which
are scarcely deserving of culture, unless planted in the back
ground, or grouped with plants to be seen from a distance, be-
cause of the coarseness of the foliage. Such kind are, however,
so easily grown from seed, which may be put in directl}^ where
they are wanted, that after all, they may be entitled to our con-
sideration. As a rule, both the flowers and foliage of the various
Amaranthus are more briUiant in a poor than in a rich soil, and in
a dry than in wet seasons.
A. bicolor ruber —A flne bedding plant, the seed of wiiich should
be sown in heat in March or April; the lower half of the
leaf a red scarlet, the upper half maroon, sometimes
tipped with yellow. The plants, especially when grown on
rich soil, sometimes fail to show their rich colors.
134 THE HOME FLOPaST.
A. caudatus (Love Lies Bleeding) — Red, graceful; 3 feet.
A. cnte/i^its (Prince's Feather) — crimson; 3 feet.
A. inelanciioliciis ruber — A very showy plant of fine growth;
foliage blood red; well adapted for ribbon belts or groups;
one and one-half feet high.
A. salicifoUus — The Fountain Plant, so called from the graceful
manner in which the foliage is arranged; the leaves are
elongated and willow-shaped, and of a bronzy carmine hue;
sow the seed in heat.
A. tricolor (Joseph's Coat) — Leaves red, yellow and green; very
handsome in a favorable season.
AMARYLLIS {Tender Bulb).
The Amaryllis are an interesting class of bulbs, desirable for
growing in pots, producing showy flowers that are very attrac-
tive and handsome.
The bulb may be planted out the latter part of May in rich sandy
soil, to a depth at which the neck of the bulb shall be even with
the soil; it will flower in June or July. After the tops have been
cut down by frost in September or October, the bulbs should be
lifted and put away in dry sawdust, safe from frost. The Amaryl-
hs is well adapted to pot culture in the conservatory or on the
window shelf; give an abundance of water up to the time of
flowering,after which it should be gradually and finally altogether
withheld. After several months of rest it may be repotted for
another season of flowering; increased by division of the bulbs.
A. Johnsonii — Dark red with white stripe; splendid large bulbs.
A. grandiflora — Large, flne; scarlet.
A. Mrs. Joslyn — X new seedling, with beautiful pink flowers.
A. Treatea or Easter Z/z'Zt/— Has stems about a foot high, flowers
very large, pure white and sweet scented; bulbs do not
grow very large.
A. rosea — Beautiful rose-colored flowers.
A. formosissima — The flowers are large, of a drooping lily-like
shape, and of the most brilliant dark crimson color; they
are produced on a stalk a foot high ; in the sunshine they
have the appearance of being sprinkled with gold.
AMOBIUM ALATUM {Hardy Annual).
An everlasting flower of fine appearance, which ranks
high for winter bouquets, on account of its being of a pure white
THE HOME FLORIST. I 35
color, if gathered and cured by hanging in the shade before being
fully expanded; also very useful for cutting fresh. Grows finely
in any garden soil.
AMOMUM (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 50, 90°).
This genus of aromatic herbs furnishes the Cardamon seeds of
commerce; the plants grow readily in the greenhouse; propagated
by division of the roots.
A. Meleguata — Has long, bright green leaves, which emit a very
pleasant fragrance; a desirable plant.
AMORPHOPHALLUS {Tender Bulb).
A genus of plants, with large bulbs; not hardy here, but excel-
lent for summer bedding. The following species is not unlike an
umbrella in form, with spotted stem; propagated by offset.
A. Rivieri — The entire plant is marbled with white.
AMPELOPSIS {Hardy Climber).
Climbers of rapid growth in any kind of soil, and will attach
themselves firml}" to wood or stone buildings or to the trunks of
old trees and soon cover these objects with a fine mantle of rich
foliage; propagated by layering or cuttings.
A. VeitcJiii—A slender growing variety of the Virginia Creeper;
the young growth during summer is a dark purplish green,
changing in fall to the brightest tints of scarlet, crimson
and orange. It clings to stonework, trees, etc., and is a
splendid plant for covering unsightly objects; it attains a
height of fifty feet. Every year adds to the popularity of
this plant; hardy, but should be covered the first winter.
A. tricolor— The leaves of this variety are elegantly variegated
with white, pink and green, and the bluish purple berries
with which it is covered in fall, adds greatly to its beauty;
a splendid basket plant or for covering rockwork.
A. quinquefolia— This is the well-known Virginia Creeper found
wild in many parts of the country. It is a fast grower, of
strong habit; leaves splendidly colored in the fall.
A. bipinnata—A. finely-marked, cut-leaved variety of the Vir-
ginia Creeper; equally hardy and entirely distinct, making
a novel and valuable plant for covering walls or trees; color
of autumn foliage, crimson, scarlet, yellow, etc.
136
THE HOME FLORISTo
ANEMONE {Hardy Tuber).
Although generally known as a
hardy tuberous plant, the Anemone
Hortensis is not sufficiently so to
render it safe to plant the tubers out
in the open ground in the fall along
with Hyacinths and the other hardy
bulbs. By keeping them out of the
ground until early spring, and then
at the earliest opportunity planting
them in a bed prepared the fall pre-
vious, and which has been kejDt cov-
ered, they will succeed very well,
and will flower from April until
July. The flowers are produced on
erect stems, six to nine inches high,
in both the double and single varie-
ties; they are of the most brilliant
colors with beautiful marks and stripes. The tubers, which
have a curious appearance, resembling ginger roots, should be
planted about six inches apart and three inches deep. After
Anemone.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 37
they have produced their flowers for the season, and the leaves
turn yellow, the roots may be taken up, dried in the shade and
put away for planting again.
Anemone Japonica {Hardy Perennial). — This is a desirable
hardy plant, introduced from Japan. There are several varieties:
A. rubra— ^ith. red, and A. alba with white flowers being the
most commonly cultivated, The flowers of these are nearly two
inches in diameter, and are produced in great profusion for a long
time during the latter part of the summer and in the autumn;
the plants attain a height of two feet. There are different varie-
ties of wild or wood Anemones found growing in most parts of
the United States and Europe, which are attractive among spring
and summer wild flowers; increased from root cuttings.
ANIMATED OATS {Hardy Annual).
Among curious things in the vegetable kingdom, the seeds of
this plant are prominent and decidedly interesting. What is
striking about them is that they have a strong resemblance to in-
sects with long cricket-like legs that are bearded and covered
with spurs, all pointing in one direction. They will throw them-
selves ahead with a darting, springing motion sufficiently life-like
in appearance to be deceptive if laid upon a paper which is being
agitated; or if the seeds are moistened, so sensitive are their
strong beards to alterations of dryness and moisture that they
will twist and keep in motion, resembling an insect crawling on
tlie ground. Sow in the open ground early in the spring.
ANTHERICUM {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85^).
An elegant house plant of easy cultivation. It has a hardy
constitution, not as against cold, but as against gases, sudden
changes and dryness of the atmosphere in the drawing-room,
which makes it a valuable plant for the conservatory or for filling
in baskets, jardinieres or rustic designs; propagated by seed or
division of the roots.
A. vitatum variegatum— Has beautiful dark green leaves, marked
with broad sti-ipes of pure white; it throws up long spikes
of small, star-shaped flowers.
ANTIRRHINUM— Snap Dragon {Hardy Herbaceous Perennial).
The Antirrhinum is a hardy perennial that usually survive our
winters if protected, although it is not to be entirely relied upon
in this respect, as sometimes it will die out. It is, however, so
138
THE HOxME FLORIST.
Antirrhinum.
easily grown from seed every year, sown either in the latter part of
summer or early in the spring under glass or in the open ground,
that there is no necessity of keeping up old plants from year to
year. Flowers freely the first season from the seed, and better
the second, if the flowers are removed as fast as they appear the
first season. The flowers are bright and attractive, appearing for
a long time and even up to cold weather: also easily propagated
from cuttings, and stock plants can be kept over in a cold pit un-
til February or March, and then started into growth to form
shoots for propagation. Among the Antirrhinums are the tall
(two feet high), dwarf (one foot high) and Tom Thumb (six inches
high) sections, the following being some of the most distinct
varieties:
A. album— Vwce white, both tall and dwarf.
A. brilliant— Crimson and white, both tall and dwarf.
A. delila — Carmine, white throat.
A. firefly— Orsin^Q scarlet, white tln-oat, both tall and dwarf.
A. papillon -scarlet, white and yellow, both tall and dwarf.
A. purpureum — Deep bright purple; dwarf.
A. striatum — Beautifully striped; tall, dwarf and Tom Thumb.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 39
AQUILEGI A— Columbine {Hardy Herbaceous Perennial).
A genus of plants that flower the fore part of the season, some
varieties of which are well known, the old garden Honeysuckle
being one of th.ese. They may be propagated by dividing the
roots and from seed.
A. coerulea—A most beautiful variety from the Rocky Moun-
tains, which is entitled to be universally cultivated. In
England I see it is declared to be "not only the Queen of
Columbines, but even the most beautiful of all hardy herb-
aceous plants." The color is a delicate blue, with distinct
white centre, and the remarkably long spurs give the
flowers a most singular and beautiful appearance .
ARDISIA (Greenhouse Perennial 33, 50, 80°).
Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, with panicles of small white
flowers. They enjoy light, fibrous loam, peat and sand, with good
drainage; propagated from seeds.
A. crenata — Clusters of brilliant scarlet berries during winter.
This is a charming house plant and should be more gener-
ally cultivated; the berries remain for a long time, giving
the plant an elegant appearance; the plants usually fruit
when one year old.
ARISTOLOCHIA SIPHO— Dutchman's Pipe (Hardy Climber).
This vine is suitable for covering walls or trellises. Under fav-
orable circumstances it will grow twenty feet in a season;
the foliage is large, of a deep rich green ; the flowers are of a
brownish color and resemble in shape a pipe; propagated by seed.
ARMERIA (Hardy Perermial).
This is the well-known "Sea Pink;" it is perfectly hardy; does
well in all situations; flowers bright pink; A^ery useful for bou-
quets; blooms through the spring, summer and faU; propagated
by division.
ASCLEPIAS (Hardy and Tender Perennial, 33, 45, 75".)
A genus of very attractive flowering plants. The following
specie is used for bedding out during summer, and for pot cul-
ture in winter. Good loam and sand is sufficient; propagated by
cuttings.
A. Curassavica — A species with scarlet flowers.
I40
THE HOME FLORIST.
ASPIDISTRA (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 50, 80°).
Liliaceous plants from China and Japan, with oblong lanceo-
ate leaves, easily grown in an ordinary greenhouse, in good turfy
loam: propagated by dividing the suckers. They are useful
house plants; for the production of well-marked plants of the
variegated species the pots in which they are grown should be
small.
A. lurida variegata—luesiYes with broad white stripes.
Aster.
ASTER (Hardy Annnal),
The Aster is one of the grandest of seed-grown plants. There
are tall growing varieties two to three feet in height, and from
these different sections are graded in height all the way down to
the very dwarf ones, not more than eight inches high, and which
spread out so as to present the appearance of bouquets of flowers
set in the ground. The flowers are of the most attractive, as
well as delicate colors, including the purest white, and also pre-
THE HOME FLORIST. I4I
sent quite a variety of forms, many of which are very large and
double to the centre. The seed may be started early in the hot-
bed, cold-frame or seed-bed, as no plants transplant more readily,
or it may be sown in the open ground directly where they are to
flower. Set the large varieties about ten inches apart, and the
dwarfer ones from that down to six. The tall varieties should be
supported by stakes in the summer to prevent the rain from bend-
ing or breaking them down.
A. bouquet, newest dwarf —A very fine acquisition; each plant
looks like a bouquet of flowers; eight inches.
A. bouquet, dwarf pyramidal — Ten inches high; an early and
abundant bloomer.
A. chrysanthemum-flowered, dwarf, double — A splendid variety
of dwarf compact habit, nine inches in height, producing
flowers three to four inches across.
A. cocardeau, or new crown — A fine flower; very double, the
central petals being pure white, sometimes small and
quilled; sports occasionally ; eighteen inches.
A. German, pyradmidal-fiowered — Late, branching; good habit;
needs no tying.
A. German, quilled — Desirable on account of the quilled appear-
ance of the flowers; about three feet high.
A. hedge hog, or needle — Petals long, quilled and shaiply point-
ed; very curious and fine; two feet.
A. la supzrbe — Large flowering class, often more than four
inches in diameter, twenty inches in height.
A. pceony-floivered perfection, TruffauVs Newest — One of the
best; very large, beautiful flowers; petals long and a little
reflexed : two feet.
A. pearl — This is entitled to be called a gem among Asters ; is of
dwarf, compact, bushy habit, not above fifteen inches in
height, closely set with beautiful imbricated, double, globu-
lar flowers of good colors.
A. rose, improved — A valuable class of Aster, producing very
double and large flowers. The blood-red color of this
variety is the darkest and most brilliant of all Asters; two
feet.
A. Victoria — Flowers very double, imbricated, globular and
large; the plant is very robust, about two feet high and
branching.
142 THE HOME FLORIST.
A. Victoria, dwarf — Only one foot high, but very rich flowering,
with flowers three to four inches across.
A. Emperor, giant — Very brilliant and beautiful colors; flowers
double and of immense size, often four inches in diameter;
two feet.
ASTILBE JAPONICA — Spirea Japonica {Hardy Herbaceous
Pereiuiial).
One of the most beautiful of hardy plants. It blooms in early
summer, producing upright spikes of white, delicately-formed,
fragrant flowers; the foliage is of compound digitate form, and
exceedingly attractive, being of a deep, uniform green color ;
height of plant two to four feet. By potting the Astilbe at the
approach of winter it may be taken into the dwelling or conser-
vatory and forced into bloom from January and later, by which
course it succeeds easily and becomes very attractive. Propagated
by division of the roots.
AZALEA {Greenhouse Shrubby Peremiial, 35, 50, 70°).
Plants of high value for window and conservatory decoration,
being covered with one blaze of beauty in the spring months, and
continuing to increase in splendor and the profusion of flowers
with each year's growth. In the summer they should be moved
to the open air, plunging the pots to their rims in soil in some
shady place, as against a fence or building, until September, when
they should be taken for the winter, either into the conservatory
direct, or cellar, or cold-pit, to bring in for flowering at any time
between February and May. The most suitable time for re-pot-
ting the plants is after their flowering season; they delight in a
light soil, containing a good deal of vegetable matter, such as
peat or loam from the woods; propagated by cuttings.
BALSAM— Lady's Slipper {Tender Annual).
Balsams are plants that are readily grown from seed, and
which will repay for any time and trouble needed to raise them
Their double blossoms of most brilliant colors, fine shape and beau-
tiful texture, rank them among the finest of flowers, but unfor-
tunately being short stemmed, their use in ordinary bouquets is
precluded; they can, however, be employed in arranging plate
bouquets or upon baskets of moss very well. The pure white
THE HOME FLORIST.
143
Balsam.
variety is largely grown by florists for making into wreaths and
other designs suitable for funerals by first stemming them with
wire on short bits of match stick and inserting these into forms of
moss, so that the flowers touch. Frequently no other flowers are
used for such work but the double white Balsam, and the effect
produced is complete. For ordinary culture the seed may be
sown in the hot-bed, cold-frame, or seed-bed, transplanting the
plants finally to a distance of ten or twelve inches apart, after the
second set of leaves have started. Few plants are susceptible of
such great impi ovement by pinching as is the Balsam. The plants
may be trained to one, three or five branches for flowering, and
in either case will be more pleasing than if allowed to take their
natural course of growth ; or some plants may be trained to each
style, thus creating variety in this way. To train to one stalk,
simply remove all side shoots as they appear; this will cause
144 THE HOME FLORIST.
the central one to grow two or three feet in height, and be perfectly-
covered with bloom. For three or five shoots, pinch back the termi-
nal and all side shoots but the desired number for flowering. The
American climate is well adapted to the Balsam, and if it be
grown in good rich soil, flowers of great excellence can be pro-
duced, although it seems established that some flowers will
come only partially double from the best strains of seed. The
plant is well suited to pot culture in summer, by having the soil
of good loamy quality, well enriched, and giving it a sunny posi-
tion and plenty of water. Nothing smaller than a six-inch pot
will answer well for this purpose.
B. camellia-flowered, spotted German — Very double and choice,
spotted with M^hite.
B. camellia-flowered— Vnxe white.
B. camellia-flowered, double dwarf — Very fine; eight or ten
inches in height.
B. carnation — Fine double flowers, resembling a Carnation.
B. FzcfoWa— Satiny white, spotted with scarlet; exceedingly
pretty.
B. rose-flowered— 'Perfectly double.
B. extra double dwarf — Very double; eight inches.
BALM — Melissa {Hardy Herbaceous Perennial).
Pretty hardy plants with highly fragrant leaves, doing well in
the sun or shade. Propagated by cuttings, or by dividing the
roots.
B. golden — Green leaves with bright yellow blotches.
B. silver — Green leaves, blotched with pure white.
BEGONIA (Greenhouse Perennial, 36. 55, 80").
An interesting family of plants in their two divisions of flower-
ing and showy-leafed sorts. The more free-flowering varieties of
the former are indispensable in every florist establishment, their
handsome blossoms being valuable for bouquets. The plants of
this section are also very suitable for pot culture in the window,
or the out-of-door plant stand, and also for planting in lianging
baskets and ferneries, but possess httle value for bedding in
the garden unless planted in a warm place well protected from
winds. During the greater portion of the year the plants are in
the different varieties covered with a profusion of graceful,
drooping racemes of rose, pink, white and crimson buds and bios-
THE HOME FLORIST
145
Tuberous-rooted Begonia Flowers.
soms that are exceedingly attractive, and having a waxy, coral-
like appearance. The plants themselves are of neat, compact
habit, with glossy green leaves in some varieties and exquisitely
cut ones in others. Both sections of the Begonia family delight
in warm, sandy, well-enriched soil; they are readily propagated
by cuttings or seed.
B. glaucaphyllia scandens — An early flowering variety, produc-
ing clusters of rich, salmon-colored flowers from the axil of
each leaf, the plant being of a lovely drooping habit; it is
exceedingly fine for hanging baskets in a warm place.
B. hybrida mtdtiflora — A remarkably neat and free-flowering
variety, with small, ovate, glossy leaves, and many rose
pink blossoms; excellent.
B. iiitida alba— A free-growing, profuse-blooming variety, hav-
ing pure white flowers during the Avinter months.
B. palmata— Attractive, palm-shaped leaves.
146 THE HOME FLORIST.
B. parviflora — Dwarf; a neat growing plant with white flowers;
blooms most profusely in summer,at which time its flowers
are very useful for bouquets.
B. Saundersonii (Coral Begonia) — One of the best flowering Be-
gonias; the flowers are of a scarlet shade of crimson, borne
in profusion for months at a time; leaves slightly edged
with scarlet.
B. Welt oniensis— This valuable plant I consider deserving of more
than ordinary notice; it is a rapid, healthy grower, very
profuse bloomer, with beautiful fohage, and always presents
an attractive appearance, summer and winter. , The surface
of the leaves show various shades of dark and light green
of remarkable richness, and presents a transparent
depth of texture, without any gloss whatever, of the most
exquisite beauty, being somewhat similar— except in color-
to the bloom on the grape. The flowers and buds of a beau-
tiful pink color, are produced in clusters by the hundred on
an ordinary sized plant, with common culture. The leaf
stalks and branches of the plant are dark crimson, and suf-
ficiently striking to create a marked contrast v^-ith the bril-
liant green leaves and the pink flowers. Unlike many
plants that possess unusual merit in some respects and
then have counter-balancing faults, this Begonia is unex-
celled by any of the older varieties for f reeness of growth
and flowering qualities, and the plant naturally assumes a
well-proportioned form.
B. metallica — A shrubby variety, good grower and free bloomer;
leaves triangular, longer than wide; under side of leaves
and stems hairy; the surface of a lustrous metallic or
bronze color; veined darker; flowers pale peach, covered
with glandular red hairs. It is perfectly distinct from any
other. The best house Begonia w^e know, and a perfect
companion to the following, with the additional advantage
of having lovely foliage.
B. rubra— This is one of the finest acquisitions to our winter-
flow^ering plants; the leaves are of the darkest green, the
color of the flowers scarlet rose, glossy and wax-like. This
peculiarity is so marked, that when plants are placed
singly in a room the glossy appearance of the leaves and
flowers give the impression that they are artificial rather
than natural. See cut, next page.
THE HOME FLORIST.
H7
Begonid Rubra.
B. Washingtonii — A vigorous grower, large leaves; elegant truss
of pure white flowers .
B. Schmidfii — A new va,riety with dark metallic green foliage; a
profuse bloomer, being covered with white flowers, tinged
with pink.
B. ricinifolia — Large palmate leaves, showy flowers; a fine bed-
ding variety.
B. Ricinifolia macalata — Like the above, but with the leaves
beautifully mottled bronze.
B. sanguinea — Upper surface of leaves olive color, underside
dark crimson, very fine; flowers nearly white.
B, subpeltata Nigricans — Long, pointed leaf, rich crimson bronze,
very beautiful ; flowers bright rose.
B. incarnata — Vigorous grower; flowers white, edged bright
pink.
B. Degswellaina — Flowers dark crimson, center pink; xerj free
bloomer; a beautiful variety; will please everybody.
148
THE HOME FLORIST.
B. semperflorens rosea — A most beautiful Begonia, in habit and
form exactly like the old Semperflorens. The flowers ap-
pear in large clusters, and are white, heavily shaded, and
bordered with dark carmine-rose. The contrast of these
colors with the bright yellow of the stamens, produces a
most charming efltect; very free; this variety will become
one of the most popular shrubby Begonias.
B. alba x>erfecta grandiflora — Has beautiful bright green foliage,
with large clusters of pure white flowers; this is a choice
variety.
B. McBeihii — Foliage fern-like; panicles of pure white flowers,
produced in the greatest profusion; it is the most persistent
bloomer of the Begonias, and supersedes Richardsonii,
which variety it resembles in foliage.
B. foliosa — A handsome basket plant; the foliage is small and
delicate and contrasts well with its white bloom.
B. robusta — Bright carmine and salmon flowers.
Begonia Fiichsioides,
THE HOME FLORIST. I49
B. fuchsioides — Free-blooming variety; small scarlet flowers. See
cut.
B. Goury — New shrubby variety; flowers pure white.
B. Bruanti — Foliage bright green; flowers quite large, white,
tinged with pink, completely covering the whole plant:
shrubby, like the preceding variety.
Showy-Leaf Begonias— Of the show-leaf varieties, I will state
that lovtrs of the beautiful in Nature's grotesque growths will
find in this entire division much to admire. Their large and in-
teresting leaves add an effect to collections of plants which can
be equaled by nothing else grown. Imagine the larger part of
the leaf to be a bright greenish silver hue, with the centre and
outer edge a lively deep green in some places, or rather several
shades of green, spotted lightly with silver. Then imagine the
upper surface of the leaf -ribs to be studded with small crimson
hairs, while the extreme edge is fringe-like, and of a crimson
scarlet color, as is also the underside, with the veins distinctly
prominent and showy, and some idea of the beauty of this entire
section can be formed. All the varieties are suitable for pot cul-
ture and for hanging baskets in protected places. They delight in
a warm, shady place, and should not be exposed to sweeping
drafts of air. In habit and general appearance the first and last-
named varieties in the following descriptions are quite similar to
the flowering section of Begonias, being liprisjht growers, with
branches, while the others are prostrate in habit, although the
leaves stand well up on long stems.
B. argyrostygma Veitchii— Is a handsome variety, the leaves of
which are smooth, of medium size, light green and thickly
covered with small, clear silver markings; underside of a
crimson color, smooth; white flowers; easy to cultivate.
B. El Dorado -Has medium sized leaves, distinctly marked and
of a peculiar velvety texture.
B. insignis — A free grower, leaves of medium size, with a metal-
lic lustre.
B. luxuriance— Leaves nearly star-shaped, borne on stems a foot
long; grotesque.
B . Mary Stuart— l^arge, showy leaves; an old favorite, perb.aps
the best in cultivation.
B. Mrs. Victor ZemoiHe— Light-colored leaf, with the edges and
centre beautifully marked like lace,
150 THE HOME FLORIST.
B. Queen of Begonias —A good grower.
B. Rex— A. fine variety; excellent; described abov^e.
B. Silver Queen— A variety in which the silvery color predomin-
ates.
B. zebriaa—K beautiful upright grower of bold appearance, with
thick leathery leaves from four to six inches long and. two
wide in their widest parts; of a very dark green color,
striped with silvery marks; underside and stems of dark
crimson and red colors; a very handsome variety.
B. Louis Cretien — The handsomest of all foliage Begonias; ground
color dark green, with silver band, tinted violet crimson,
with metallic lustre.
BEGONIA— TtTBEROUS Rooted {Tender Tubers).
A comparatively new section of this beautiful tribe; flowers
ranging through all the shades of crimson, scarlet, rose, orange,
etc. They require the same treatment as the fancy-leaved Cala-
diums, Gloxinias, etc ; tha,t is, the tubers are dried off ia winter
and started again in spring. Excellent for bedding purposes, as
they bloom the entire summer season until frost; propagated by
division of tubers. See cut, page 145.
BIGNONIA RADICANS— Trumpet Creeper {Hardy Climber),
A climber sufficiently hardy to withstand our severest weather;
trains well over a wall; it is admirable to climb trees, reaching to
the topmost branches, and is literally covered with its scarlet,
trumpet-shaped flowers.
BONAPARTIA JUNCEA {Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 60, 90°).
A very scarce genus of plants, with long, graceful, rush-like
leaves; very attractive A\'hen grown in a vase out-of-doors in the
summer. Flowers borne on long spikes. It requires a warm tem-
perature in winter; propagated by seeds.
BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS {Greenhouse Perennial, 35,
50, 90°).
This handsome plant is quite easily grown, thriving in almost
any temperature that is higher than 40 degrees. It produces very
freely large cone-shaped racemes of beautiful rose-colored flowers.
Being of climbing habit, it probably has no equal for training to
the rafters of conservatories or greenhouses. The Bougainvillea
THE HOME FLORIST. 151
has proved to be a very valuable plant to force for the bloom
during the winter; propagated by cuttings.
BOUSSINGAULTIA {Tender Tuber).
A native of the Andes. An elegant climbing vine, with round-
ish fleshy leaves, long clusters of fragrant whitish flowers and
tuberous roots. Will grow in any good garden soil; propagated
by division of tubeis.
B. Basselloides, (Madeira Vine) — Excellent for trellises, etc.
BOUVARDIA (Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 60, 90'').
A highly useful class of shrubby plants for the greenhouse and
the window, if these are warm and sunny, and also succeed with
bedding out, strong plants blooming all summer in the beds;
plants that are properly prepared in pots will also bloom continu-
ally during the winter in the conservatory or other suitable place.
Thousands of feet of glass are each year devoted to its culture
for bouquet flowers in the vicinity of our large cities. The flowers
havf an exceedingly beautiful, waxy appearance, and are of
bright and desirable colors, from the purest white to scarlet. A
mellow, open soil is best suited to the Bouvardia. As it requires
a high temperature for its growth, the plants should not be bedded
out in the latitude of Buffalo before the latter part of May. For
winter flowering they should be started the spring previous and
grown in about five-inch pots until September, when they may
be shifted into a larger size for flowering (observe directions for
summer and fall treatment on page 31). Towards spring the
flowering and other shoots should be severely pruned back to in-
duce a stocky new growth, for summer flowering.
With the exception of one variety, Bouvardias are readily pro-
pagated by cuttings; the old way of increasing them by root cut-
tings is being superseded by this method; the one requisite to suc-
cess in their propagation is to take the cuttinas from plants grown
in the open air; cuttings taken in this manner and placed in a
frame with very little bottom heat (care being taken as to air and
water) will root as easily as Verbenas ; the one exception to this
method is B. Leiantha, which refuses to propagate except from
the root.
B. Davidsonii—Ture white flowers, slightly tinted with a delicate
blush; large clusters.
152
THE HOME FLORIST.
Bouvardia^
B. elegans — Light scarlet-carmine ; immense truss and flower;
very brilliant in color and an exceedingly free bloomer; one
of the best.
B. Leiantlm — Dark, dazzling scarlet; flowers completely covering
the plant.
B. President Garfield— Double pink. The flowers of this new
variety are the same in size and formation as the double
white, while the color is of a bright pink,
THE HOME FLORIST. 153
B. Alfred Neuner — Large, double white flowers, composed of
three perfect rows of petals of the purest waxy white color,
each flower resembling a miniature tuberose. The trusses
are large and perfect, freely and without interruption pro-
duced even on the small side shoots, which generally pro-
duce no flowers in the single varieties; strong, healthy, vig-
orous grower.
B. Thomas Meehan -The new double scarlet; this novelty unites
the brilliant red color and profuse blooming quality of B.
Leiantha, w4th the perfect double flower of B. Alfred
Neuner, a variety of decided merit.
B. Humholdtii — Flowers of purest white, nearly one-inch in
diameter, borne on long foot stalks in loose panicles, bloom-
ing from October to June; rich Jassf.mine fragrance.
B. flavescens— The uncommon and beautiful shade of color of
this variety will commend it to all ; color light canary yel-
low; trusses of good size and uioderately compact.
B. rosea multiflora — This splendid novelty is one of the finest sin-
gle varieties. The trusses are very large and compact, and
are produced in the greatest profusion ; color bright deep
rose. This is a true winter flowering variety of the same
class as elegans and Davidsonii.
BROW ALIA {Half-Hardy AnnuaT).
A class of flowers usually grown in the garden, but also quite
suitable for pot culture. There are a number of varieties, the
colors of which are blue and white. The flowers are not large,
but are pretty and distinct, and are freely j^roduced for a longtime
on a stalk about a foot high. The seed may be sown in the open
ground where they are to flower, or in a protected bed, from which
they should be transplanted to a distance of twelve inches apart.
Also increased from cuttings.
BRUGMANSIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85°).
Peruvian shrubs will thrive well either planted in open ground
or in the conservatory ; they will also grow well in large pots; when
planted out they should be taken up before frost.
B. suaveolens—A magnificent plant, growing four to six feet high;
leaves large and velvety; the floweis are huge, trumpet-
shaped, double arifj highly fragrant, and are often twelve
I 54 THE HOME FLORIST.
inches long and four to six inches across the mouth; in
color, white, with a pale tinge of lemon; blooms profusely
all summer; propagated by cuttings, either of the shoots or
roots.
BRYOPHYLLUM (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 80°).
This curious plant will grow under the most unfavorable cir-
cumstances. By placing a leaf in a damp place it will take root
and numerous young plants start up.
B. calycinum -Very easily grown, producing loose jDanicles of
greenish purple flowers.
BUTTEECUP. (See Ranunculus).
CACALIA— Flora's Paint Brush (Half Hardy Annual).
Plants grow n with the greatest ease from seed, which maybe
sown in the open ground in May, or earlier in the hot-bed, or other
protected situation, and afterwards transplanting them to the
garden. The flow^ers range from scarlet to yellow in color, are
bright and pretty, and somewhat resemble a miniature brush; in
size they are small and produced in clusters on long stems, on
which account they are useful for bouquets, although not strik-
ingly brilliant. The plants attain a height of from eighteen
inches to two feet, and are in bloom throughout the summer
months. Also do well if sown in the fall.
CACTUS {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 95^).
A well-known family of succulent, or fleshy plants, all of which
are natives of the warmer regions of America. They are desira-
ble as pot plants, on account of the remarkably interesting forms
of growth which the various species assume, their almost un-
exceptionally beautiful flowers wTiich are freely produced in ordi-
nary culture, and then the ease with which they are cultivated,
either in the window or conservatory. To grow the Cactus well,
all that is necessary is to imitate the simple natural conditions
that exist where they grow wild. They are found in their great-
est perfection in sections which are subject to severe drouths of
long duration, alternate with long wet spells, and accordingly
under culture, a course of treatment that jDrovides for a free ap-
plication of water for three or four months and then the same
largely withheld during the rest of the year suits them,
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 55
exactly. They may be kept dryest during the winter, but they
should not be stood in a place where it is cold. Repotting them
frequently is not wanted, and it should be done not oftener than
once a year. April is the best time for performing this operation,
after which their wet season may begin. They delight in a sandy
soil not too rich. The bottom of every pot should be covered
with an inch of broken pots or rough gravel for drainage; propa-
gated by cuttings.
C. Epliiphyllum truncatum, or Lobster Cactus — This species when
grafted on the pereskia will form a beautiful head, and
makes a very desirable plant for the sitting-room and may
be in bloom from November to March. Being in flower in
the winter it requires a. little more water at this season than
other kinds do.
CALADIUM ESCULENTUM {Greenhouse bulb, 85, 55, 85°).
A beautiful decorative plant of imposing appearance that will
accommodate itself to various courses of treatment. As a pot
plant, grown in a place sheltered from winds in the summer, it
grows to the height of four feet, and with its immense leaves,
lends a tropical appearance to collections, which is exceedingly
effective. For garden culture the treatment suited to the Dahlia
with free manuring and watering never neglected, meets the
wants of this plant precisely. It delights in a warm, sandy soil,
and may be left out until frosts cut down the foliage before taking
up for the winter. As a single specimen pot plant or for the cen-
tre of vases, it is almost without a superior, provided it receives a
rich soil and inuch water. If it is kept too dry the growth will
be comparatively feeble and it will be subject to attacks of red
spider; increased by division of bulbs.
Caladium, Fancy liK \yei>— (Tender Bulbs)— F\-dnts with
splendid foliage and of easy culture. Keep the bulbous roots
quite dry during winter, and when growth starts, give heat and
moisture. Use turfy loam, peat, manure and sand, with plenty
of drainage; increased by division of bulbs.
CALANDRINIA {Half-Hardy Annual).
Free-growing plants, producing rose, white and other colored
flowers freely during the summer, that are desirable in the gar-
den considering the slight expense and trouble necessary to rear
156
THE HOME FLORIST.
them, although they cannot be classed among very fine flowers.
They remain in flower until after frosts, and are frequently quite
pretty thus late in the season. Sow in May, where they are to
flower, or earlier in heat or in a protected bed and transplant.
CALCEOLARIA— Carpet Bag or Moccasin Flower {Green-
house Peretmials, 32, 45, 75°).
Shrubby Calceolarias.
These are free-blooming plants
of good habits, which produce
exceedingly attractive, irregular
flow^ers, the lower lip of each be-
ing a large inflated sac which, by
its appearance, not inappropri-
ately entitles it to the common
name of Carpet Bag or Moccasin
Flower. The plants are of erect,
shrubby habit ; growing to a
height of from six inches to two
feet. They are valuable as pot
plants in the window or conserv-
atory, or for bedding out in posi-
tions that are shaded the hottest
part of each day, as the intense heat of the sun is not favorable
to growth and bloom. In the autumn they are the last to sus-
tain injury from freezing, and can then be taken up and wintered
in a well-protected cold pit or cellar with ease. Also suitable for
the conservatory or window in winter. Propagate from cuttings
of the young growth. There are numerous varieties, but the fol-
lowing combine the greatest number of good points, all of w-hich
have pure, rich colors, and are of good form and size ;
C. aurea floribu7ida—B.as rich, sulphur yellow flowers.
C. fulgens — Crimson maroon.
C. Golden Prince— An excellent bright yellow.
C. Mrs. Woodruff— Beep crimson; large and brilliant; a taU
grower.
C. Queen of Owde— Large, crimson maroon, mottled in the most
pleasing manner.
C. Shower of Gold— This variety blooms in i^rofusion, is a dwarf
grower, and stands the hot mn well; color bright clear yel-
low.
Calceolaria.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 57
Herbaceous Calceolarias— These are a distinct section, be-
ing alwaj'S reared from seed sown in the greenhouse in the sum-
mer months, the plants flowering the following spring. Although
the hybrid varieties are among the most showy plants in cultiva-
tion for decorating the conservatory, their culture would hardly
be likely to result successfully in the window, except by the most
pains- taking care. The seeds are very fine and require careful
treatment in sowing to begin with. As soon as the young seed-
lings can be handled they should be potted into small pots and
given a place near the glass. Always sh-ft them into larger pots
before the roots mat around the ball of earth, as their growth is
liable to be checked if they become pot bound, and by these
means the green fly, its greatest pest, be invited. The plants re-
quire a rich sandy soil.
CALENDULA— Cape Marigold {Hardy Annual).
Desirable free-growing annuals which flower almost continually
throughout the summer and until after frosts. As they have long,
stiff stems, and the colors are attractive, they are much in de-
mand in the cities, for ladies' wear in corsage bouquets, and other
floral arrangements; easily grown from seed.
C. la Prousti is a double variety, of nankeen color, edged with
brown.
C. pluvialis— Single, white, of a remarkably pure color.
CALLA— Ethiopian Lily (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 80°).
Few plants that are suitable for cultivating in pots in the
window are equal to the much-esteemed and easily-managed
Calla. The same is quite true of its value as a conservatory plant,
excepting that it meets some rivals here which do not prove so
formidable in the window garden, because few can be grown in
the window to the same degree of perfection. The flowers, or
rather floral bracts, are large, pure white, and with the spadix in
the centre, possess a delicate fragrance and beauty, which render
them typical of all that is pure and elegant. They are produced
singly on long stems, and remain beautiful for several weeks. The
plants bloom most freely in the early spring, and are grown large-
ly by florists for adorning churches at Easter, being, when in
flower, exceedingly appropriate for this purpose. The best course
of treatment for the Calla is, after flowering, to give them a
state of rest until August, by keeping the entire ball of soil
158
THE HOME FLORIST.
Calla.
nearly dust-dry. After this the earth should be soaked and
washed from the roots, repotting into fresh, rich soil. The
small offsets that will be found about the base should also be
removed. Potted anew, give an abundance of water daily,
until and through their flowering season, uj) to their next annual
rest. It is almost impossible to overdo the watering, to the injury
of the plant, for its nature admits of its growing in water, and it
will grow well in aquariums. The small offsets from the root
may be potted for new stock. There are two common varieties,
the tall and the dwarf (Calla Ethiopica Nana), both of which have
white flowers. The tall kind grows to the height of from tw^o to
four feet, and the dwarf from twelve to twenty inches, with a
proportionate difference in the size of the flowers; increased by
dividing the bulbs.
CALLIOPSIS, OP COREOPSIS {Hardy Annual).
Annuals that produce an abundance of convenient long-
stemmed flowers throughout the season, of remarkably rich,
bright colors, such as yellow and crimson, yellow ard brown, vel-
vety crimson, blood-red, yellow with crimson spots, etc. There
THE HOME FLORIST.
159
are dwarf and tall varieties, the former growing from one to two
feet, the latter, two feet and upwards in height. Of easy cul-
tm-e in any garden soil.
CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS— Sweet-Scented Shrub {Hardy
Shrub).
A native of the Southern States; remarkable for the scent of
the flowers (resembling that of ripe fruit), as well as for their
peculiar brown color; propagated from seed or offsets.
CAMELLIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 32, 50, 75'').
In the conservatory the Ca-
mellia has long been one of the
most famous of winter flow-
ers, and to the commercial
florist of great value for mak-
ing bouquets, baskets of flow-
ers, etc. It is well enough
adapted to cultivation in the
window, as regards the suit-
ability of the situation, for
the plant naturally grows in
shady places in the woods,
but to be successful in having
it flower well, the plant re-
quires strict attention to its
peculiar wants in other re-
spects. The plant produces
its large flowers only during
the winter, commencing
with the early fall months and
lingering somewhat into the
spring. They are from three to six inches in diameter, very
perfect in form, with petals that are thick and of the most
extraordinary satiny texture. The principal colors are pure
white — the favorite color — bright rose, cherr}', scarlet rose, bright
red, variegated, salmon rose and otliers. After flowering, the
Camellia makes its growth, preceding which it should be repotted,
if at all. The plants require shifting but once in two years, ex-
cept with very thrifty young ones, which may receive it each
spring. Any soil is suited to its growth, provided it is well
Camellia.
l6o THE HOME FLORIST.
enriched with one-third part of leaf mould and thoroughly rotten
manure. With its growth in the spring, we meet with the pecu-
liarity of this plant, in forming its flower buds, more than half a
year previous to tlieir opening, and it is during the long time be-
tween the formation of the buds and their opening, that the
treatment the plant receives, decides whether the buds — usually
formed in abundance, will develop into flowers or drop before
oj)ening, an occurrence often met by inexperienced cultivators.
Were the treatment it requires during this time difficult, there
might be an excuse for this unfortunate termination of the
flower buds, but this is by no means the case. The plant simply
requires a light, shady place in the summer, such as may be found
in a shaded greenhouse that is well ventilated (see ''Summer
Management of the Amateur's Conservatory"), or in the shade
of a building or verandah, and be given an abundance of w^ater,
also paying attention to cleanliness of the thick leathery foliage.
Its habit is deceitful in the respect, that the leaves will look
green and bright, although the soil is quite too dry for its general
good, and especially for the flower buds. The soil must, how-
ever, not be kept in a soaked condition, as this would prove as
great an injury as the other. Water should be applied only when
the surface becomes dry, and then a sufficient quantity should be
poured on to entirely soak the ball of earth, letting this suffice
until the plant requires and is given another thorough watering,
which may be the next day or later still. During its flowering
season water must not be spared, and in the dwelling the atmos-
phere should be kept as moist wdiere the plants are as well can
be done. Frequent syringing or sponging the foliage is also
needed the year through. In the conservatory, that portion
where the Camellias are kept, must have the glass shaded from
the sun as soon in the sjDring as the plants start into growth, or
the leaves will receive sun scald. Keep a lookout for Red Spider
on the leaves; these insects, although not particularly troublesome
to this plant, sometimes make inroads upon them before one is
aware of their presence; propagated by cuttings or by grafting,
or inarching.
CAMPANULA {Hardy Annuals, Biennials and Perennials).
The annual Campanulas are neat, free-flowering plants of small
size and useful for massuig. The colors are not very striking and
yet not bad, ranging from white to rosy purple and blue; should
THE HOME FLORIST. l6l
be sown where they are to bloom. The hardy section includes
the well-known biennial Canterbury Bells (Campanula Medium),
which is readily grown from seed, and many fine perennial sorts.
CAMPSIDIUM {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, 90°).
A small genus of vines; they have deeply divided compound
leaves and are exceedingly ornamental. Grow in light turfy soil,
peat and a little sand, propagated by cuttings.
C. fiUcifolium— 'Delicate small leaves, resembling fern fronds; the
flowers are small, of a rich orange color. An elegant vine
for conservatories.
CAMPYLOBOTRYS {Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 60, 95°).
These are beautiful greenhouse shrubs, remarkable for their
glossy foliage, propagated by cuttings.
C. regalis— The foliage is a rich bronzy green color, with satiny
lustre. A plant of rare beauty.
CANDYTUFT {Hardy Annuals, Principally).
The annual Candytuft is one of the most useful plants for sum-
mer flowers that can be grown. It is raised from seed with
the greatest ease, and in a remarkably short time after sowing,
the plant will become covered with flowers, if the weather is suit-
able. The same plants will not flower freely during the entire
summer, and therefore it is better to sow several times for suc-
cession, if flowers are constantly wanted. They will bloom until
after frosts. The flowers are pure white, several shades of crim-
son, and lilac, and very suitable for bouquet-making. The seed
for the earliest flowers may be sown very early in the spring —
better yet in the fall. Thin out the plants to be four inches apart.
The Hardy Candytuft (Iberis Sempervirens) in several sorts, is a
hardy plant of spreading habit, producing an abundance of pure
white flowers early in the spring. As it does not die to the
ground in winter, the plants should be somewhat protected to
keep the foliage green; may be propagated by layers.
CANAEY BIRD FLOWER. (See Tropseolum).
CANNA {Tender Bulbous Perennial).
This is a genus of ornamental plants that are well adapted to
the American climate. They grow with the greatest vigor, either
l62 THE HOME FLORIST.
as pot plants or bedded in the garden, and produce a stately
tropical effect, with their broad massive foliage and beautiful
flowers, with little care. There is only one thing to be particular
about in managing them, and that is to provide a rich soil and
plenty of water and then they will produce astonishing results.
The Canna is freely propagated by division of the roots at plant-
ing time. During winter, the roots should be kept in dry sand in
a dry cellar, or under the bench in the conservatory. Some of
the best sorts come well from seed, but the really valuable varie-
ties are shy seeders.
C. hicolor — Is a beautiful free-growing variety, with a blending
of various shades of green in the foliage.
C. giganteus aurantica — Foliage yellowish-green, of fine appear-
ance and free-growing habit.
C. Indica — Flowers scarlet, foliage green, free grower.
C. tricolor — Is a compact grower three feet high, with beautifully
marked leaves. The stem, with the young terminal
growth, and also leaf margins, are tinted with red, mak-
ing an elegant contrast to the general effect of the foliage,
which is streaked and mottled with creamy white.
C warzewiczi — Foliage striped with dark maroon, crimson and
green. I have measured clumps of this variety, grown
from a single plant set out in spring, that were by Septem-
ber over four feet high, with leaves extending two feet from
the center each way.
CARNATION— MONTHLY OR TREE (Greenhouse Perennial,
27, 50, 85°).
The Monthly Carnation I take pleasure in recommending to all
cultivators of flowers, because but few plants possessing its hardi-
ness and ease of culture have so many good qualities. It is a
rival of the Rose, the Japan Lily and other plants of equally high
order. The flowers are deliciously fragrant, and possess, in the
different varieties, colors unsurpassed in richness and beauty.
Good plants, if set out in spring, bloom abundantly all summer
in the flower garden, and any that are properly prepared, flower
just as freely all during winter in the window or conservatory.
For this latter named purpose they should be grown in the garden
until the middle of SejDtember, removing all flower buds as they
appear up until A ugust. (See Preparatory Treatment of Plants
designed for Winter Flowering, page 44.) Some varieties are
THE HOME FLORIST.
163
Monthly Carnation Plant in Pot.
better adapted for winter floweriDg than others. President De-
graw, Hinzies "White, La Purite, President Garfield and Snowdon
generally are preferred for this purpose. In the open ground
plant not nearer than one foot apart ; they may be propagated
from layers of the branches or from cuttings.
C. Astoria — Yellow, striped with carmine and white.
C. Brussels — One of the very best. Deep cherry-red occasionally
striped.
C. Chas. Sumner — Beautiful rosy-pink.
C Chester Pride — White, penciled with rosy-carmine.
C. Crimson King — Very double, crimson-scarlet.
C. Edwardsii — White, tinted with pale rose.
C. Faragut — Yellow, heavily laced with deep maroon.
1 64
THE HOMIC FLORIST.
Monthly Carnation Floiver.
C. George Washington -White, striped and dotted with cherry.
C. Grace Wilder— Color, a beautiful, delicate i^ink, same shade as
H. P. Rose Baroness Rothschild ; flowers large, finely
fringed, clove-scented ; dwarf habit and very prolific.
C. Hinzies White— Tuve white, large, fine flower, supported on
stems of good length, making it desirable for cut flowers.
C. la Purete—Low growing, deep •carmine, free bloomer.
O. la Piirete variegata— Beautiful variegated, white and scarlet.
C. Lord Clyde— White, thickly striped with carmine.
C Louis Lenoir — Very dark maroon.
C. Lydia— Yellow, margined with bright deep cherry.
C. Miss Joliffe— Delicate, rosy-blush, blooms freely. Fine.
C. Mrs. McKenzie—lAght rose, fringed edges. A splendid large
flower, very double, and of excellent form.
C. Peter Henderson— Vure white, very large and double. This
is one of the most popular flowers for florists' work.
Blooms very freely.
THE HOME FLORIST.. 165
C. President DeOraw — One of the finest, pure white, fringed and
double.
C. President Garfield — A strong, healthy grower; habit of growth
quite dwarf and compact ; the flowers are of large size,
perfect form, highly fragrant ; of rich vermilion color.
C. Snowdon — Pure white, great bloomer.
C Vesuvius — Rich fiery scarlet, exceedingly double. Large size,
a free bloomer, and one of the most valuable varieties.
CARPET BAG OR MOCCASIN FLOWER. (See Calceolaria.)
CELOSI A— Cockscomb {Half -Hardy Annual).
A class of plants deshable in every collection on account of the
singular and attractive appeara,nce of the flowers. They possess
numerous good colors, scarlet or crimson being the most striking,
the flowers with these colors being exceedingly rich and showy.
The plants are grown from seed which should be started in heat,
and transplanted to the garden after frosts are over, as they are
easily killed by freezing. In the hot-bed or window give plenty
of air to the young seedlings lest they dampen off or rot to the
ground. The plants, especially of the dwarf varieties, are weU
suited to pot culture in the summer, thri^dng here almost equal
to those plauted out, if the soil is rich and sandy. Some of the
new varieties of late years are attracting considerable attention.
CENTAUREA (Greenhouse Perennial, 30, 45, 80°).
An interesting and beautiful genus of white-foliaged plants
that rank higher perhaps among the various kinds possessing
similar attractions than any others, and this too whether gi'own
in pots, baskets or vases, or if bedded out. For the last named
purpose they are especially desirable when used for planting at
the edge of beds containing Cannas, Caladiums, Ricinus and
other tall growers, or for contrasting with Coleus, Achyranthes,
etc., in ribbon lines and masses. They are easily grown from
seed, comparatively hardy, and few plants in our collection are
more satisfactory to the cultivator.
C. Candida— Is a lovely plant of neat, compact, bushy growth,
with exceedingly pretty silver-colored foliage.
C. gymnocarpa — Is a variety with attractive cut foliage, of
graceful, drooping habit. It is one of the finest plants
in cultivation for the center of hanging baskets, vases, etc.,
or for bedding out, being also more readily propagated
than Candida.
1 66
THE HOME FLORIST.
CENTRADENIA (Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, 95^).
Beautiful, neat plants adapted only to window and conservatory
culture in pots, or for planting in ferneries, baskets, etc. They
delight in light soil, considerably enriched with leaf mould and
manure. Are propagated from cuttings.
C. grandiflora—^legSint, narrow, green and crimson colored foli-
age, of changable hue.
C. rosea— Small fine leaves, of pretty form and color. The plant
is profusely covered with small rose-colored flowers during
a portion of the year.
CENTURY PLANT. (See Agave).
Flower of Cereus Orandiflorus.
CEREUS GRANDIFLORUS— Night-Blooming Cereus (Green-
house Perennial, 35, 50, 95°).
The flowers of this noted Cactus, which opens only at night,
are of large size, beautiful and sweet-scented. They begin to
open about sundown, and are fully expanded by eleven o'clock.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 6/
The flower is from seven to ten inches in diameter; the petals
are white ; the outside of sepals a delicate brown and the inside
a fine yellow color. Its fragrance perfumes the air to consider-
able distance. The plant is of thrifty habit, and as easily grown
to flower in the house or conservatory as any Cactus, requiring
the treatment described for that family. Are - propagated from
cuttings.
NEW SEEDING CEREUS OR CACTUS.
C. Alice Wilson— ll\\i^ is an entirely new and beautiful striped
flowered Cereus. The flowers are large, about eight inches
in diameter, of a brilliant scarlet, with a stripe of bright
orange through the center of each petal. It flowers w^hen
only six inches high.
C Dr. Regel — This is without a doubt one of the finest of the
family. Flowers very large (sometimes measuring twenty
inches in diameter), of the purest white.
C. Exquisite — Orange-salmon, violet tint.
C. Hoveyi — One of the most superb sorts, the entire flower being
of a clear pinkish-blue violet tint, and eight inches in
diameter. It frequently comes into flower w^hen not more
than twelve inches in height.
C. Orange Gem — Orange, tinted violet.
C. Pink Queen— BeaMtiful mauve pink.
C. refulge7is — Scarlet, with deep violet.
C. superbuni — Salmon, tinted magenta.
OESTRUM {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 50, 90^).
Shrubs from Brazil; cultivated for the delicate fragrance of
their beautiful flowers, which are borne in clusters; of easy cul-
tivation in good loam and sand; excellent for conservatories;
propagated from cuttings; they are frequently called "Night
Blooming Jasmine."
C. anriantiacum — Deep orange yellow.
C. parqui — Pure white.
CUOROZEyLA Y ARIA (Greenhouse Perennial, S2, 45, SO^*).
A small shrubby plant for pot culture, with dark green Holly-
shaped foliage, thriving and flowering freely in any cool place in
the winter. The flowers are yellow and crimson, of pea shape
and attractive; one of the easiest plants to cultivate; are increased
by cuttings.
i68
THE HOME FLORIST.
Laciniatum Chrysanthemum,
CHRYSANTHEMUM {Hardy Perennial).
The Chinese Chrysanthemums are exceedingly handsome late
flowering plants, and although about hardy in our latitude, the
blossom bads are liable to be injured by hard fall frosts, unless
protected. The best way to manage them is to start from cut-
tings ; grow them in pots during the summer, or bed and take
them up and pot them in September, in either case removing
them to the house or conservatory, where their many gorgeous
flowers of various colors and tints will expand in succession for
a long time. If grown in pots these should be plunged during
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 69
the summer to the rim in the border; it is necessary to turn them
occasionally to prevent the roots that strike through the bottom
from growing into the garden soil. As they start in to bud treat
them to occasional waterings of liquid manure. After flowering
the plants should be cut down and put in a cool part of the con-
servatory, in a cold-pit or in a light cellar until spring. They
may be increased in number either from cuttings of young shoots
or by division of the roots in the spring. The Chrysanthemums
are especially recommended to inexperienced cultivators, for no
class of plants are easier to manage, and besides they produce
their flowers late in the autumn when all kinds of flowers are
scarce.
JAPANESE CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
These are noted for their varied forms and markings, together
with the enormous size to which some of the varieties attain.
C. Abd-el-Kader — Rich crimson maroon.
C. Beau Siljaur — Violet carmine, tipped white.
C. Bras Rouge— A charming combination of gold and maroon.
C. Early Red Dragon — Dark red, tipped yellow.
C. Elaine — Pure white, back of petals tinted.
C. Emperor Nicholas— 'Red, tipped gold.
C. Fair Maid of Guernsey — Large white.
C. Golden Dragon — Golden yellow.
C. Gloire de Toulouse— Crimson and white.
C. grandijlora Japonica — Large yellow.
C. Hero of Magdala — Purplish red.
C. Incomparable — Yellow, brown and crimson.
C. Javena—Yery dark maroon, thread-like petals, very striking.
C. laciniata — The white Japanese fringed flower; a very interest-
ing and beautiful variety.
C La Frezure — Amaranth, reverse of petal, white.
C. Magnum Bonum — Rosy lilac, with a lighter back; large flower.
C. M. Plancheneau — Rosy mauve, shaded silver.
C. M. Roux — Beautiful dark crimson, white center.
C. Mr. W. Bull — Crimson maroon, shaded yellow.
C Mons. Chas. Huber — Crimson, tipped gold.
C. Ne Plus Ultra Nova — Lilac, golden tips.
C. ParasoZ— Golden buff, shaded salmon.
C. Snow White — Very large, pure white.
C. Temple of Solomon — Rich golden yellow.
170 THE HOME FLORIST.
LARGE FLOWERING CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
C. C. H. Glover — Rich, deep yellow. Exquisite form, free
bloomer.
C. Glori Mundi —'Bvio;h.t yellow, dwarf habit.
C. Golden Aui^ora — Light orange flame.
C. Golden Stai — Fine golden yellow.
C. John Lester — Yellow, shaded amber.
C. John Poore — White, shaded lilac.
C. Kate Reynolds — White, tipped yellow.
C. La Nymph — White, tipped pink.
C. Margaret de York — Sulphur yellow, fine.
C. Mrs. Geo. Glenny — Bright amber.
C. Mrs. Stevens — Pure white, finely formed.
C. Mrs. George Bundle — Fine white.
C. Princess Tech — Pure white, large and full.
C. Poly carp — Light rosy pink.
C. Prince of Anemones — Lilac blush.
C. Peter the Great — Light, bright yellow.
C. Refulgence— Rich purple maroon.
C. Red Gauntlet — Fine dark red.
C. Seastris - Brownish red, with yellow shading.
C. Webb's Queen — Perfect shape, broad petals, pure ivory white.
POMPONE OR SMALL FLOWERING CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
C. alba perfecta — Pure white, bushy habit.
C. Brilliant — Bright red.
C. Boule de Neige — White, imbricated.
C. Bob — Dark brown crimson; fine color; a great favorite.
C. Bouquet Blanche — Pure white, intermediate late.
C Cite of Flowers — Velvety crimson, shaded amaranth.
C. Commodore Nutt — Size of silver half dime; rich, old gold color.
C. Crimson Perfection — Bright crimson.
C. Daisy — Very small, pure white.
C. Figaro — Rich buff, crimson edge.
C. La Fabree — Straw yellow, fine.
C. Mrs. Campbell — Carmine, tipped with white.
C. Mdme Aristee— Golden yellow.
C. Mont golfier— Rich. gold, maroon tipped.
C. Model of Perfection— Rich lilac and yellow.
C. Mayer Lusk—Rnrplish red, fine.
THE HOME FLORIST. I/I
C. Perle des Beautes — Crimson amaranth, pointed with seal brown,
C. Petite Marie — Creamy white, dwarf.
C. Robert Kift -Fure white, fine.
C. sanguineum — Blood red.
C. Serenity — White, tinged with rosy lavender.
C. ;S'?iotO(irop— Sparking white, extra fine.
C. Sunray — Deep golden yellow.
C. White Eve — Pure white. . .
CIGAR PLANT. See Cuphea Platycentra.
CINERARIA (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 75°).
In late winter and early spring, few pot plants present a more
attractive appearance than do the Cinerarias when at the height
of their beauty, bearing immense crops of bright, handsome flow-
ers, in clusters, boldly above the large leaves. They are capital
plants for winter culture in a cool greenhouse, or with great care
in a window, and are raised from seeds sown annually at any
time from July to September. The culture suited to the Herbac-
eous Calceolaria (which see) will answer fully for the Cineraria,
and any person may expect to be successful with their culture in
the conservatory, also in the window, if a cool and regular atmos-
phere can be sustained with the admission of plenty of air. They
should be kept near the light and must never be crowded as
regards root space in the pots.
CISSUS DISCOLOR {Greenhouse Perennial, 45, 65, 90°).
A climber, the leaves of which are beautifully shaded with
dark green, purple and white, the upper surface haviug a rich,
velvet-like appearance. The plant requires a continually high
temperature to develop the beautiful coloring of leaves, and there
will be little use of attempting its culture unless this can be pro-
vided; but with this and other favorable conditions supplied and
no plant in cultivation can exceed its rare beauty in the matter
of foliage; propagated from cuttings.
CLARKIA {Hardy Annual).
Plants of considerable beauty for the garden and easily raised
from seed. The seed should be sown directly where the plants
are to flower, either early in the spring or in August and Septem-
ber. The latter time of sowing is perhaps the best, by protecting
the young seedlings, with a slight covering of straw or litter
1/2 THE HOME FLORIST.
during the winter and which must be removed early the follow-
ing spring. The flowers in double and single varieties are attrac-
tive in form and color. They attain to the greatest perfection in
the spring and autumn, as the hot sun of summer interferes
somewhat with their development.
CLEMATIS {Hardy Climber).
Recently, the improvements made both in the size and coloring
of the Clematis have been very decided and marked, and we have
now a wide range of color, varying from white to dark blue and
velvety purple. They are perfectly hardy, of rapid growth,
attaining a height of twenty feet, and blooming during the
greater part of the summer and fall. The effect produced by a
w^ell-grown plant when in full bloom, is grand; propagated from
cuttings, layering and root grafting.
C. Blue Gem — A most profuse bloomer, continuing in full beauty
late into the autumn; flowers large, a most intense rich
blue.
( ■. Jean d^Arc — Flowers white, large and perfect, with three pale
blue stripes on each sepal. The plant is of vigorous habit,
elegant in appearance.
C. Jackmanii — Flowers, when fully expanded, are from four to six
inches in diameter, intense violet purple, with a rich vel-
vety appearance, distinctly veined; perfectly hardy. Flow-
ers continually from July until cut off by frosts.
C. Lady Caroline Neville — Fine flowers, from six to seven inches
in diameter; color delicate blush white, with a broad pur-
plish lilac band in the center of each sepal.
C. Lucie Lemoine— Fine, double white; the flowers are composed
of seventy-five to ninety sepals. In the first period of its
flowering the blooms are semi-circular in shape, resemb-
ling a gigantic double wdiite Zinnia.
C. Miss Bateman — A magniflcent j)lant, both in growth and
flower. The blooms are large, of good shape, pure white;
banded with creamy white down the center of each sepal.
C. rubella — Flowers of a rich velvety claret, the deepest color of
any Clematis; generally has six sepals to each flower.
C. Standishii — Flowers large, violet blue; May and June.
C. Mme. Orange — Flowers large, purple violet, with maroon
midrib; redder than any other Clematis.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 73
C. viticella rubra grandiflora — A vigorous free growing variety.
Flowers profusely; color, violet red.
C. grandiflora — Single white.
C. lanuginosa pallida— Fale violet, with bright red veinings.
Very beautiful.
C lanuginosa Candida — Grayish white; very fine.
C. The Queen— Ot free habit and very beautiful foliage. Flowers
of pale lavender.
C. Mrs. Baker — French white, with claret bar.
C. Modesta— Delicate lavender; very pretty.
C. blanc lilas — White and lilac in color; very large.
C. F7'ancofurtensis—W\ne red, with violet shading.
C. lanuginosa azurea — Bright azure blue.
C. flamnuda, European Sweet — Flowers white, small and very
sweet scented.
C. virginiana — Common Virgin's Bower, a native plant of rapid
growth, with clusters of small, white flowers, succeeded in
autumn by fruit with conspicuous feathery tails.
C coccinea — Fine rosy scarlet; one of the most beautiful of all
trailing plants. Its foliage is exceedingly pretty and its
flowers graceful and charming. It will delight all.
CLERODENDRON {Greenhouse Perennial, 85, 55, 90°).
Tropical shrubs, with loose terminal panicles of showy bloom.
They should be potted in a mixture of peat, loam and manure,
with a little sand. When growing, give strong heat and plenty
of water; propagated from cuttings.
C. Balfouri— The flowers are of a bright scarlet, encased in a
bag-like calyx of pure white.
C. speciosum — This variety is dwarfer than the preceding and
very free flowering ; the flowers are pure w^hite, encased in
a bag- like calyx of bright scarlet.
C. fragans— Dwarf plant producing very compact heads of pink-
ish-white double flowers of a highly agreeable scent such
as is preferred by many to that of either Daphne, Tuberose
or the Clove Carnation. This variety can also be increased
from root cuttings.
COBOSA SCANDENS {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, 85".)
An excellent climbing plant grown from seed or increased by
cuttings, and which is, perhaps, more generally useful than any
174 THE HOME FLORIST.
other one grown, being alike suitable for the conservatory, the
window or the open air in summer. The plants produce many
large, bell-shaped flowers and magnificent foliage when grown in
the open ground, but are rather shy in the former respect in the
winter when cultivated in pots, although their growth is satis-
factory, and the foliage endures the confined heat of the dwelling
admirably. When planted in a border, either in the conservatory
or in a sheltered place out doors, the growth of well established
plants attain to great proportions, having been known to reach
an aggregate length of two hundred feet in one season. The
seeds require starting in heat and should be set edgewise in the
soil of the seed bed. Until the young plants appear, water rather
lightly, but never allow the soil to get entirely dry. The Coboea
delights in a warm, sandy soil.
COCCOLOBA PLATYCLADA {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 50, 85^).
A singular looking pot or bedding plant of fern-like, angular
growth. It is readily grown, under almost any circumstances,
and is suitable for cultiva,ting in ferneries, while it is not out of
place in a hanging basket. On account of its grotesuue appear-
ance, it will be admired where many flowering plants would
scarcely attract attention. Propagates from cuttings.
COCKSCOMB. (See Celosia.)
COLEUS [Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 60, 90').
This popular genus of comparatively recent introduction, pos-
sesses the most varied and striking colors imaginable in the foli-
age, while unlike mmy other plants with remarkable foliage
these may be propagated and grown with the greatest ease.
There is one, and about only one special condition, that is abso-
lutely essential to its well doing, and that is a high temperature.
Where this is present, the plants will grow with the greatest
freedom, either in the open air, the window or conservatory, and
form strong plants of remarkable beauty in a very short space of
time. It is on account of their rapid growth, and great beauty,
that such vigorous varieties as Verschafl'eltii, Setting Sun and
others, rank among the best plants for masses in ribbon lines,
even though naturally tender. In our dwellings that are heated
by anthracite coal stoves or ranges, and in which the fire is kept
up day and night, the Coleus if grown in pots or baskets wiU
THE HOME FLORIST.
175
Coleus.
usually do very well. Some plants may be raised for winter
decoration by striking cuttings in July or August for the pur-
pose. Plant into light, rich soil and water moderately during
winter, also paying attention to heading back strong growing
shoots, to prevent an unshapely appearance. Propagated from
cuttings or seed.
C. Acme— Foliage large, under good cultivation 10 to 12 inches long
and 8 to 10 wide; ground color deep chocolate and creamy
white, beautifully veined and striped.
C. Fairy Knoll - Carmine rose, rimmed with velvety maroon.
C. Garland — New, elegantly colored with purple, cream, green
and carmine, deeply serrated edges, forming miniature
leaflets of great beauty.
176 THE HOME FLORIST.
C. Glory of Autumn — Deep crimson bronze, margined gold.
C. Golden Bedder — A grand acquisition for bedding ; bright yel-
low ; recommended.
C. Hero — Chocolate maroon ; fine bedder.
C. Innisfallen — A grand bedding variety ; rich prune color,
blotched with garnet ; extra fine.
C. J. Burnsham (New)— Yellow and crimson ; spotted.
C. Joseph's Coat — The leaves present a gorgeous blending of
maroon, yellow, rose, olive and carmine.
C. Kentish Fire — Pink, carmine and bronze.
C. Kirk AUoivay — Blazing shades of color ; violet, suffused car-
mine and rose.
C. Kirkpatrick — Large leaf, blotched in the centre like Geranium
Happy Thought.
C. Mr. Micawher — Olive green, distinctly marked in the centre
with violet rose ; beautiful.
C. Mrs. Humphreys — Light claret, rimmed yellow.
C. multicolor — Maroon and crimson.
C. Picta — Marbled yellow, maroon and crimson.
C. President Garfield — A grand variety ; leaves eight to ten inches
long, six to eight wide, color chocolate, marbled with bright
rosy carmine .
C. Queen of the Lawn — Dazzling carmine, rimmed with velvety
maroon.
C. Rocket — Violet, rose centre, black next and oUve green serrated
edge.
C. Ruby — Rich crimson maroon ; centre dark rose color, beauti-
fully fringed edges ; a suberb variety.
C. Sensation — A new and beautiful sort ; edge of leaf chocolate,
then a circle of maroon, with large centre of bright red .
C. Setting Sun — Bronze, crimson centre, bright golden margin ;
splendid bedding variety.
C. Spotted G^ewi— Yellow ground, regularly blotched crimson,
green and orange.
C. Suez -^\oo(\. red, shaded and veined violet, rose and bronze.
C. Verschaffeltii — Rich velvet crimson ; best bedder.
COLUMBINE. (See Aquilegia.)
THE HOME FLORIST. I77
CONVOLVULUS {Hardy Annual).
Convolvulus Major (Morning Glory). — One of the best-known
climbing plants in cultivation and most excellent for covering
trellises, rustic work, cords for shading the veranda, etc., during
the summer. There are many varieties of different colors, all of
which are more or less attractive. It comes very easily from the
seed, which should be sown in the open ground early in the spring.
As soon as the young plants stretch forth for support on which to
spin, it should be seen that something suitable is provided, as they
do not take hold so readily after getting older, besides they be-
come entangled with each other.
Convolvulus Minor (Dwarf Convolvulus). — Free flowering an-
nuals of distinct and rich colors, that are desirable for massing or
for individual effect. The seeds germinate readily, and may be
sown where they are to flower. Thin out the plants to stand not
nearer than fifteen inches apart in rich soil.
CORONILLA {Greeiiliouse Perennial, 34, 50, 90°).
Pretty flowering shrubs of easy culture, especially adapted for
winter blooming; the species have been long under cultivation
and is much esteemed; propagated from cuttings or seed.
C glauca — Splendid fine foliage, and produces bright yellow, pea-
shaped flowers in great profusion, which are very fragrant.
CRAPE MYRTLE. (See Lagerstroemia.)
CRASSULA (Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 80').
Succulent greenhouse plants with fleshy stems and leaves, and
producing either pink or white flowers. Many of them form
curious specimens on account of their forms. For potting use
light sandy loam with plenty of drainage; propagated from cut-
tings and seeds.
C. cordata— Of strong growth, with a profusion of pinkish white
flowers.
C. portutacea Of strong growth, with thick leaves ; flowers white.
178
THE HOME FLORIST
Crassula.
C. perfoliata — A dwarf plant, forming a perfect rosette; blooms
about Christmas, at which time it throws up long stems,
surmounted by large clusters of small, white, star-shaped
flowers.
CROCUS (Hardij Bulb).
The Crocus is an interesting class of bulbous plants, and which
produces its flowers in the open air from the month of March and
up to the flowering of Hyacinths. Being thus very early, and
also very showy when in bloom, they should have a place in every
garden. The flowers are white, blue, yellow and striped, and
present a gay appearance, as they appear with few companions
THE HOME FLORIST.
179
Crocus.
Crotons.
at their early season of flowering. The bulbs require to be
planted in the fall, and should be set about three inches apart and
not more than two inches deep. Their culture, in common with
other hardy bulbs, is treated on on page 32. The Crocus will also
flower well in the house. Directions for cultivation in pots,
glasses, etc., is given on page 52.
CROTONS {Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 60, 90°).
The Crotons are among the finest decorative foliage plants
known. The leaves of all are more or less veined and margined,
sometimes entirely variegated with shades of yellow, orange and
crimson. Some have long narrow leaves, arching gracefully,
fountain-fashion. Others broad and short, oak-leaved; some re.
curved very much; others twisted, cork-screw like. Crotons love
heat, sunshine and moisture; propagated from cuttings.
C. andrianum — Neat habit; free growth; foliage colored in a
most delightful manner; one of the best.
C. angustifoUum — Leaves long and narrow, golden yellow.
C. aciibifolium — Foliage dark glossy green, studded with yellow
blotches, midrib and veins slightly tinged with pink.
C. awrea maci<7afws— Small leaved; neat habit; leaves ovate, ob-
long, deep bright green, profusely spotted with yellow.
I So THE HOME FLORIST.
C= Bismark — Leaves almost fiddle-shaped; base broadest and
ovate, the apex swelling out into an ovate form; color deej)
green, with broad band of golden yellow along the costa,
and yellow markings indicating the course of the lateral
vems, with yellow blotches scattered over the surface.
C, Camptopliyllus — Foliage very narrow and richly mottled with
golden yellow; a fine dwarf growing variety, distinct from
all others.
C. cascariUa — Narrow leaved, light green, yellow blotched.
C. cornutum — Green, with a profusion of sj)ots of rich yellow.
C. Disraeli — A lobed variety, with golden yellow ribs and spots.
C. Earl of Derby — A remarkable trilobe variety, the stems and
mid-rib being a very bright yellow, which diffuses itself
over a greater part of the leaf; this, as the plant matures,
becomes a bright red.
C elegans — Bright green, striped with golden yello^w.
C. Evancianus— Well distinguished by the peculiar form of its
triobated leaves and the depth of coloring pervading the
whole plant; newest-formed leaves are light olive green and
golden yellow, deepening and changing to bronzy crimson
and orange scarlet in the older oneSc
C. Mllianum — Eibs and veins crimson, dark purple beneath.
C. Imperator, orChallengei — Leaves from 12 to 18 inches long, 2
to 3 inches wide, and gracefully arching; ground color pale
green, much suffused with creamy white, changing to ma-
genta.
C. interruptum — Long naiTow leaves, spotted with yellow.
C. irregulars — Leaves long, marbled with different shades of yel-
low, orange and crimson; leaves are irregular in shape,
often changing in form.
C. Joho.nnes — Leaves a foot or more long, narrow and pendulous;
ground color, bright shining green; margin and mid-rib
bright orange yellow.
C. longifolium—'Lea.Yes green, blotched and striped with golden
yellow; very long and graceful; a magnificent plant.
C. Lord Cairns — Leaves trilobate, the middle lobe considerably
elongated, with a broader expansion toward the point;
ground color bright green; mid-ribs bright yellow, and
blotches of same color.
C. maximum — Leaves shining green; mid-rib and cross-base, from
mid-rib to margin, yellow; leaves ovate-acuminate.
-THE HOME FLORIST. l8l
C. maculatus Katonii—hesi\es fiddle-shaped, but very irregular,
of an olive-green color, si:)otted with rather large golden
spots ; compact in habit.
C. majestictim — Mottled and margined with crimson and yellow.
C. Moreanus — Mid-rib and margins of leaf clear orange, blade
crossed with paralleled bands of the same color upon a deep
green ground; robust grower.
C. multicolor — Leaves light green, blotched with yellow, but
changing to glossy green, blotched with yellow, reddish
yellow and red, the mid-rib crimson.
C Nohilis — Long, pendulous leaves, richly colored with crimson,
yellow and green, the former being most prominent in the
stem leaves, stalks and mid-rib, where it is banded with
yellow.
C. o^'aZi/oZMt7?i— Oval outline, central golden bar and reticulations.
C. Princess of TFaZes —The handsomest of all the narrow-leaved
types; fine branching habit; leaves pendulous, arching and
slightly twisted; margins undulating; colors are pale yel-
low, briglit carmine, bright magenta and irregular blotches
of light green.
C. pictum — Dark green foliage, spotted with rich reddish crimson.
C. Queen Victoria — Growth medium ; habit branching ; leaves
oblong ; lanceolate ; colors golden yellow, rich magenta,
crimson-carmine and green.
C. sjnrale— Curious spiral twisting leaves, with markings of yel-
low.
C. undidatam — Edges of leaves undulating, marked and blotched,
crimson and yellow, on dark green ground.
C. variegatiim — Veins broadly margined with golden yellow.
C. VeitcJiii — Leaves attain a length of twelve to fourteen inches,
and two and a half inches broad; they are traversed with
broad bands of creamy yellow, changing to rose and car-
mine purple.
C. volutam — Leaves rolled up from the end like a ram's horn:
ground color deep green; mid-rib golden and rays of same
color towards the margin.
C. Weismanii — Leaves often twelve inches long and three-quarters
of an inch wide; ground color sliining white green, striped
and mottled with golden yellow.
1 82 THE HOAIE FLORIST.
C. Youngii -Leaves from one and a half to two feet in length:
deep red underneath, upper surface dark green, densely
blotched with creamy yellow and bright rosy red.
CROWN IMPERIAL (Hardy Bulb).
An old-fashioned, early spring-flowering bulb, bearing on a
stem, several feet high, drooping bell-shaped flowers, which, in
their arrangement around the stalk, may be fancied to resemble
a crown. There are both double and single varieties, the colors
of which are principally yellow and red. They delight in a deep
rich bed, and should not have their bulbs lifted for re-setting
oftener than every third year.
CUPHEA (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 80°).
Pretty shrub-like plants adapted to a variety of purposes; they
are almost constantly in bloom under fair circumstances. The
plants thi'ive beautifully in hanging baskets or vases, or if planted
out in the border where they will, during the season, assume a
dense globular form and constantly produce an abundance of
flowers. They are also valuable as pot plants for the window,
where their free-flowering, and other qualities make them great
favorites; propagated from cutti^-gs.
C. platycentra (Cigar Plant)— Tube of .flowers scarlet; lip white
and crimson.
C. hyssopifolia— heaves dark glossy green, flowers bright lilac,
C. Mllfildia7ia— Tube of flowers purple; lip and throat darker.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM (Greenhouse Bulb, 35, 55, 75°).
Beautiful plants for the window or conservatory, with finely
marked foliage, and which produce from autumn until spring a
profusion of drooping flowers of the most pleasing appearance, on
long stems. Tlie soil in which they are grown needs to be rich and
of a light nature. After the plants have done flowering they may
be plunged in the open ground for the summer and receive a shift
into larger pots for another season's growth, in August or Sep-
tember, The plants are raised from seed, which may be sown at
any time from early spring until mid-summer, for flowering the
next year.
THE HOME FLORIST.
1S3
Cyclamen Persicum.
C. persicum giganteum — This is a decided improvement over the
preceding variety, being; of a more robust habit and
stronger grower; produces its flowers on stout stems some-
, what shorter than in old variety, and of immense size, often
measuring on well grown bulbs, two inches in diameter.
CYPERUS (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85°).
A grass-like plant, throwing up stems to the height of about
two feet, surmounted at the top by a cluster or whorl of leaves,
diverging horizontally, giving the plant a very curious appear-
ance. A splendid plant for the center of baskets, vases, or ward-
ian cases, or as a water-plant.
C. alternifolms— An attractive rush-like plant, of a pleasing
bright green color.
C. alternifolius variegatns - A beautiful form, striped with white.
CYPRESS VINE. See Ipomoea.
1 84
THE HOME FLORIST.
CYTISUS RACEMOSUS (Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 80°).
Cytisus Racemosus is a winter flowering pot plant, suitable for
the window or conservatory, and which assumes an irregular
bushy form of growth, which is very attractive. The flowers are
small, fragrant and of a pleasing, deep golden yellow, borne on
racemes, and for a long time, give the plant a beautiful appear-
ance. It is rather difficult to i)ropagate, this being done from
cuttings.
DAFFODIL. See Narcissus.
Dahlia.
DAHLIA {Tender Tuber),
Well known tuberous plants, only suitable for open-air culture,
which produce flowers of the most symmetrical form, and of bril-
liant and good colors, during the summer and autumn months.
The plants luxuriate in a moist, rich soil. In dry weather the
flowers will be finer, and the plants grow better, by receiving a
thorough watering occasionally of an evening. Nothing gives
thrifty Dahlias a better appearance than to keep them neatly tied
to strong stakes about four feet long, driven by each plant. All
flowers should be removed as soon as they begin to decay, and
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 85
imperfect buds be cut off. The tubers should be lifted after frosts
have killed the stalk, usually in October in our latitude. They
should then be properly labeled, and after drying, either in the
sun or in an open slied, be packed in sand and kept in a dry,
warm cellar during winter or under the benches in the conserva-
tory. In the followiug spring they may be divided into pieces,
each with a crown, and planted in the flower beds again. Their
flowering season is considerably advanced by starting them in
heat in April and keeping them there up to near the first of June,
before planting them out; are also readily propagated by cuttings.
DAHLIAS— Large Flowering.
D. Amazon— Yellow, margin fringed red.
D. Aglea — White, tipped rose.
D. Chief — White, edged dark crimson.
D. Dom Pedro — Scarlet, tipped white.
D. Duchesse de Cambridge — Blush, tipped and edged with dark
purple; fine form.
D. Dr. J. P. Kirtland — Dark red, very large, good form.
D. Frank Smith — Bright red.
D. Forget-Me-Not — Crimson, largely tipped white.
D. Golden Bedder— Fine yellow.
D. Hoofmeister — Yellow, tipped red.
D. Helen Potter — Blush white.
D. Her cides— Yellow ground, striped and speckled with rich
crimson.
jD. incarnata rosea— White, shaded with bright rose.
D. John Beymett^Yellow, deeply edged scarlet.
D. John Sladden — Nearly black; fine form.
D. Kleiner Knah^^— White, tinged and tipped with rosy purple,
D. La Phare — Deep scarlet; free bloomer.
D. L' Emancipe — Orange and violet.
D. Madam Perignon— Rose and salmon, tipped white.
D. Mrs. Wheeler— Rich, deep scarlet; solid, fine flower.
D. Mary Eustace— White, with flesh- colored center.
D. Mrs. DocZcZ— Lemon yellow; fine form.
D. Niger — Dark maroon; fine form.
D. Ohlata — Pure white.
D. Princesse — White, large, full.
D. Queen Victoria — Yellow, red margin.
D. Peine de Prusse — Dark cherry, largely tipped with white.
1 86 THE HOME FLORIST.
D. Royal Purple — Very free.
D. Sambo— Rich, maroon, tinted black.
D. Summit of Cntpfo?i— Dark maroon.
D. Tam O' Shanter—^\n&\\ lilac.
D. Yellow 50?/- Bright golden yellow.
DAHLIAS— PoMPONE OR Bouquet.
This class includes all the colors of the larger flowering sorts.
Being more dwarf and compact in habit of growth, they are very
valuable for bedding purposes and cut flowers.
D. Dr. Webb— Rich, scarlet, small.
D. Exquisite— Orange, scarlet edge.
D. Gluwurmchen — Brilliant scarlet.
D. Goldfinch— Yellow, scarlet and white.
D. Guiding Star — Pure white; fimbriated.
D. Harry — Dark red, spotted and tipped white.
D. Kleiner Schutze—Deep scarlet, distinctly tipped white.
D. Ladies' Jewel— White, with crimson tip.
D. Seraph — Buff yellow, tipped orange red.
D. Scarlet Gem — Bright scarlet.
DAHLIAS— Single.
This new section of the Dahlia family has now become exceed-
ingly fashionable, owing to the value attached to the cut blooms,
their airy, butterfly-like forms giving the flower a grace never
attained by the finest double sorts. The flowers range from three
to flve inches in diameter, all having a bright yellow center sur-
rounded with petals running through all the shades of scarlet,
crimson, rose, yellow, orange, white, lilac, carmine, etc.
D. Butterfly— A beautiful shade of pink.
D. Ballot — Deep carmine; large and showy.
D. Moonstone— luarge, light canary yellow.
D. Sandusky — Orange; immense size; very distinct disc.
D. Chancellor— Belicsite lilac; large size, free blooming.
D. Crichton— Maroon, of a rich velvety shade.
D. White Queen— Rure white, lily-like flower, with yellow disc.
D. Corsage— Intense bright scarlet; very fine.
D. Vicarage — Bright vermilion; large.
DAHLIAS— Cactus.
This new class of Dahlias has opened up an entirely different
section, They are intermediate between the double and single
THE HOME FLORIST.
187
varieties, of peculiar and veiy pleasing form, resembling some-
what some of the Japanese Chrysanthemums, and we have no
doubt there will soon be as many colors as there are now in the
otlier classes.
D. Imperial Prince— K variety with plaited fiat petals about half
an inch wide, somewhat twisted; color rich deep Tyrian
purple; dwarf and early flowering.
Z). t/warem— A most valuable and very decorative plant for all
purposes through the late summer and autumn months; its
blossoms are of a rich crimson, and very much resemble in
shape and color the well-known Cactus, Cereus Speciosissi-
mus; height about 3 feet, very bushy; flowers of very strik-
ing appearance, and quite unlike those of an ordinary dou-
ble Dahlia, the florets being flat and not cupped.
D. Lyndhurst— The same style of flower as the preceding variety,
excepting that the color is of the brightest scarlet. It com-
m.ences to flower about two weeks earlier.
•«>^»>^s= "c.-— L^-
Daisy.
DAISY— Bellis Perennis {Hardy Perennial).
A pretty little plant for the garden, which, in the better sorts,
bear a profusion of perfectly double flowers, of red, white and
variegated colors, throughout all but the hottest portion of the
season. The plants are propagated by division and also from the
1 88 THE HOME FLORIST.
seed, but are not very satisfactory if reared from the latter, as a
largo proportion alwa3s will come single or only semi- double
from the best of seed. Set the plants about six inches apart, and
protect slightly in winter. A few may be potted in the fall to
flower in a cool place in the window or conservatory during the
winter.
DAPHNE {Greenhouse and Hardy Perennials).
An extensive genus of small shrubs (mostly evergreen), with
very beautiful, fragrant flowers: grow in good, turfy loam, with
a little sand and manure. Drain the j^ots well. The following
variety is much prized :
D. Indica (33, 45, 85°) — An old greenhouse plant, always scarce.
It is evergreen, growing three feet high, bearing clusters of
small, pinkish- white flowers, exquisitely fragrant; it prop-
agates from cuttings.
There is also a variety {D. eneorum) which is a hardy trailing
evergreen shrub, growing about a foot high, which produces
beautiful pink or crimson, deliciously sweet-scented flowers in
terminal clusters, in April and May; it is propagated by layers.
DELPHINIUM— Larkspur {Hardy Annuals and Perennials).
Annual Delphiniums — A class of annuals possessing bright
colors and free flowering qualities to an extent that render them
worthy of culture in every considerable collection. The dwarf
varieties are regarded, as the most beautiful, attaining as they do
a height of one foot, and throwing up a flower shoot that some-
what resembles a Hyacinth. These should stand at a distance of
six inches from each other, and the tall varieties a foot and a half
apart. Sow where they are to bloom.
Delphinium Formosum is one of the most desirable hardy per-
ennials in cultivation. It blooms more or less freely from July
until November, yielding exceedingly attractive flowers. The
flowers are large, of a dark blue, with the centre white, shaded
with reddish purple and produced in spikes. There are a number
of other varieties similar to this one excepting in the colors. When
the plants of the hardy kinds become large they should be divided
and reset; they can also be grown true from seed, which should
be sown in the spring, and will flower the next summer.
THE HOME FLORIST.
189
DEUTZTA. {Hardy Shrub.)
Deiifzia.
Although a family of hardy
shrubs, and one of the best for
permanent planting, the varieties
Deutzia gracilis, pure white,
and Deutzia crenata, fl. pL, dou-
ble, pure white, serve admirably
for pot culture and forcing in the
window or conservatory. The
plants should be grown in the
open ground, and after the
leaves have fallen in autumn, be
brought into the cold-pit or cel-
lar, until New Year's, after
which time they may be moved
to the window or conservatory
for flowering. With bearing a
profusion of pretty flowers in
due time nothing can be hand-
somer. Propagated from cut-
tings.
DIANTHUS {Hardy Perennial).
This is an extensive genus of desirable flowering plants, which
embrace numerous important kinds, the Carnation, Garden Pink,
Sweet William, etc., being of the number. I shall here treat of
those that are generally raised from seed, the other will be found
under their respective heads. The species known as D. Chiucnsis,
embracing the old Chinese pink, which has been very mr_ch im-
proved of late years, and the new and superb v^arieties from Japan,
known as D. Heddeicigii and D. lacinatus, with the new varieties
that have sprung from them by hj^bridization, are among the
most brilliant and useful of garden flowers. They are easily
grown from seed in any good soil, and flower freely throughout
the season, even up to winter. This they will do for several
years, provided they are in suitable condition for surviving the
winter. For keeping over it is better to secure strong, stocky
plants by pruning them back somewhat at times, even at the loss
of some bloom, for then they will not only winter better, but will
produce larger and finer flowers the second season. The seed may
1 90 THE HOME FLORISl .
be sown in heat and the young plants transplanted to the garden,
if large plants are desired the first year, or by sowing in the gar-
den at any time from late spring until September, excellent
plants may be had for flowering the following year. The plants
should be set at a distance of from six to twelve inches apart.
DiANTHUS Barbatus (Sweet William), useful garden perennials,
with double and single flowers of various colors. They have long
been in cultivation, but great improvements have been made in
the quality of the flowers, as well as in the list of desirable varie-
ties. Easily raised from seed, or fine varieties may be perpetuated
by dividing the roots after they have flowered.
DICENTRA SPECTABILIS— Love Lies Bleeding {Hardy
Herbaceous Perennial).
One of our most ornamental, spring-flowering hardy plants,
and also excellent for forcing in the window or conservatory.
The flowers, which appear in racemes, on long, drooping stems,
are of a bright, rosy pink, with a pearly white corolla. As they
are produced by hundreds o:t. large plants in the open air, they
serve to render the plant for the time one of the most attractive
objects the garden can possess. For winter flowering the plants
should be taken up in October, be potted, and placed in a cold-
pit or some place where they may be got at in the winter. Any
time after cold weather sets in (the plants should go through at
least one freeze), they may be brought indoors, and will flower in
about two months afterwards. Increased by division of the roots.
DIEFFENBACHIA [Greenhouse Perennials, 45, 60, 95°).
A genus of greenhouse plants grown for their strikingly showy
foliage. Use peat and loam in equal parts, with a little sand.
Give them a strong heat, and water as well as syringe frequently.
Propagated by division and by cuttings.
D. Bausii—^e-w and rare, charmingly tinted.
D. Srasi'Ziensis— Elegantly mottled with white.
D. nobilis—Dee-p rich green, marked with irregular large white
spots.
D. nova sj3.— A species, with leaves long, narrow, light green.
D. picta—K handsome plant, striped and spotted with white.
DIGITALIS — Fox Glove {Hardy Biennial).
A well-known hardy border plant, flowering in June and July,
possessing great beauty. The flowers in the different varieties are
THE HOME FLORIST. I9I
purple, crimson, white and spotted, as to color; have a thimble-
like shape, and are produced in dense spikes. The plants may be
propagated by sowing the seed in the spring or up to the middle
of August, and then they flower the second year, or the roots
may be divided and reset annually.
DRAC^NA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 65, 95").
Tropical plants of rare beauty, only suited to pot or Fernery
culture in the window or conservatory, but may be introduced
outdoors in pots, vases and hanging baskets for summer decora-
tion with good effect. Tiie beauty of the plant lies in the leaves,
which in color vary from different shades of green to bright crim-
son and pink, striped, and as regards shape, are long, narrow and
straight, somewhat resembling those of Indian Corn excepting
that sometimes they are shorter. They succeed best in a soil
consisting of one-third part leaf mould, also containing some
sand, and then kept pretty moist.
D. draco— Stiff, sword like, green leaves; propagated from seed.
D. indivisa—Is of graceful habit and rapid growth; long, narrow
leaves of green and bronze; useful as a decorative plant for
vase or on the lawn; propagated by seed.
D. terminalis—Rich crimson foliage marked with pink and
white; this vari^^ty is extensively grown for baskets, win-
dow gardens or the conservatory, the vivid coloring of its
leaves rendering it at all times attractive ; propagated from
the root or from the stem.
ECHEVERIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90°).
A remarkable class of plants, with thick succulent leaves of
grotesque appearance, and suitable for pot culture in the window
or conservatory, and also for bedding, some of the varieties be-
ing extensively used for carpet beds, also for ribbon lines and let-
ters in bedding, for which purpose they are admirably adapted.
They are prized chiefly for their odd, yet delicate appearance : few
would consider them possessed of any greater beauty than is
found in plants of the Cactus family. They are of the easiest
culture, and while delighting in moisture generally, should be
kept quite dry during the winter; propagated from leaves or cut-
tings.
192 THE HOME FLORIST.
E. seciinda — This variety forms a neat roseate tuft of green
leaves, and produces freely for several months in succession,
bright scarlet flowers with yellow centres.
E. secunda glauca — Similar to the above, with beautiful glaucous
green leaves.
E. mefallica glauca — A variety with larger leaves than the pre-
ceding; flowers yellow and red.
ERANTHEMUxAI (Greenhouse Perennial, 45, 60, 95").
A large genus of greenhouse plants, valuable for their hand-
some foliage or for winter flowers. Pot in peat and loam in equal
parts and add a little sand. Keep up a good heat and moisture;
propagated from cuttings.
E. Andersonii — This charming plant is a native of India, and is
not surpassed by any other plant in the beauty of its
flowers, resembling some of the handsome Orchids ; the
sjDikes of flowers are borne on quite small plants, the two
upper and lateral lobes are pure white, while the Orchid-
like lip or low^er segment is thickly dotted with crimson.
E. atropurpureum -Large dark-purplish shining foliage; very fine.
E, Eldorado — Another good variety for bedding ; foliage green ;
mottled golden yellow.
E. laxiflorum — Foliage green, flowers purplish-violet, very profuse.
E. marmoratum — Surface of the leaf splashed with grayish-green
and creamy white.
E. jjictani — Foliage prettily streaked with white.
E. pidchellum — Dark green, wrinkled leaves and bright blue
flowers.
E. sanguinea — A rather scarce species; foliage thick and leathery,
of a deep crimson maroon. Leaves glossy — looking as if
varnished— making a very attractive plant for decorative
or bedding purposes.
E. tricolor — Like the Croton, Dracena, etc., this plant requires a
warm temperature to bring out its beautiful variegations,
which run through all the shades of pink, purple and
maroon. It has proved valuable for massing in open ground.
ERIANTHUS RAVENNA -'^American Vampas.''— (Hardy
Perenyiial).
This ornamental grass, when in full bloom, attains a height of
from nine to twelve feet, occasionally having over fifty flower
THE HOME FLORIST. ig^
spikes on one plant, in two or three seasons, from seed. Perfectly
hardy. Also increased by division of the roots.
ERYSIMUM {Hardy Annual).
Free flowering little annuals, producing flowers of beautiful
orange shades, which are esteemed for their sweetness and suit-
ability for cutting. Sow the seed where they are to flower.
ERYTHRINA CRISTA GALLI— Coral Tre^- {Greenhouse
Perennial).
A half-hardy shrub, growing about four feet in height, with
neat, cut foliage, the stems terminating with spikes of rich scarlet,
pea-shaped flowers. Grows freely if planted in a warm situa-
tion ; should be treated so as to remain dormant the same as
Dahlias in winter. Propagated from cuttings or seed.
ESCHOLTZIA— Californian Foffy— {Hardy Annual).
The Escholtzia is a desirable garden annual easily grown from
seed, and which flowers for a long time during the summer. The
flowers are of a splendid yellow color in E. Calif ornica, w^hich
is generally considered the best, and po sess a dazzling brilliancy
in the sunshine. The dense growth which the plant takes on
should be supported by sticks, or a portion of it may lie so close
to the ground as to be detrimental to perfect flowering. Sow
where they are to flower and thin out to one foot apart.
EUCHARIS {Greenhouse Bulb).
E. Amazonica — This is the famed "Lily of the Amazon." The
flowers are w^hite, star-shaped, exquisitely fragrant and
borne in clusters of from four to six, on long stalks, above
the foliage. They increase rapidly, but the bulbs should be
disturbed as little as possible, repotting w^hen necessary
without division. These plants enjoy a warm and moist
temperature. If wanted to flower in the winter water
should be withheld during the latter part of the sumrner
sufficiently to allow them to rest from August to October.
EULALIE {Hardy Perennial).
A hardy perennial from Japan, with long, narrow green leases
striped with yellow and white, throwing up stalks four to six feet
194 THE HOME FLORIST.
Eucharis.
high, terminating with a cluster of flower spikes on which the
individual flowers are arranged ; the flowers are surrounded with
long silky threads, which, when fully ripe, or when placed in a
warm room exj)and, giving the whole head a most graceful and
beautiful appearance, not unlike that of an ostrich feather curled.
These dried flowers are valuable as parlor ornaments, as they
retain their beauty for a long time. Are propagated by division.
E. Japonica variegata — Leaves striped lengthwise with creamy-
white.
E. Japonica zebrina, or Zebra Grass— hesiYes striped crosswise
with yellow.
EUONYMUS {Greenhouse Perennial, 30, 45, 90°).
Very beautiful plants of a shrubby nature, valuable when small
for pot culture, ferneries, winter hanging baskets, and in fact for
any in-door purpose, as they are of neat, vigorous habit, with
lovely leaves of glossj^ texture, in some kinds are variegated, and
are scarcely equaled for growing in the shade. They are hardy
south of Ohio.
The finest varieties for pot culture are aurea variegata and
radicans variegata, which are nearly ahke, except in their col-
ors. The leaves of the former are of a rich golden yellow color
on a green and in radicans variegata, a bright pea green,
THE HOME FLORIST. I95
deeply margined with creamy-white, both having a striking and
pretty appearance that is not common. Easily propagated from
cuttings.
EUPATORIUM (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 75'.)
These are plants extensively grown by florists for the large
crops of pure white flowers they produce in the winter. The
flowers are borne in dense clusters on good stems. The plant is
vigorous, of upright habit, and requires considerable pot room; of
the easiest culture under any circumstances. As it propagates
readily; it is best to start young plants early each spring for
flowers the following winter ; they should be grown in pots out
of doors during the summer in a place protected from wind. Cut
down the plants after flowering, which w411 induce a new growth
to propagate from.
There are three varieties generally cultivated, the flowers of
which are white and nearly alike in appearance. E. arboreum,
the earliest to flower, E. salicifolius (very pure white) the next,
and E. elegans the latest, the three varieties together affording
a succession of bloom almost through the winter.
E. triste—ls of more recent introduction and certainly the
best, being quite distinct in foliage, which is more vigorous
than in the preceding varieties, its white flowers borne in
trusses of immense size in mid-winter make it one of the
most desirable plants for culture at that season.
EUPHORBIA {Greenhouse Perennial 34, 45, 90')
An extensive genus of plants, of which the following varieties
are suitable for greenhouse culture, producing an abundance of
flowers, which are suitable for bouquets, etc, ; they are of easy
culture and are propagated from cuttings :
E. splendens — A continuous blooming variety, densely covered
on the stems with long spines, giving it a curious appear-
ance; bright scarlet flowers, with a yellow center; of great
value for bouquets.
E. Jacquiniflora — Long racemes of orange scailet flowers, which
are very graceful.
EVERLASTING FLOWERS. See Acroclinium, Amobium Heli-
chrysum, Helipterum, Gomphrena, Rhodanthe
and Xeranthemum.
196 THE HOME FLORIST.
FABIANA IMBRICATA {Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 50, 90°).
One of the prettiest little shrub-like pot plants in cultivation,
being of a dense pyramidal habit, with fine foliage and profusely
covered with white flowers in the spring; excellent for baskets in
summer or winter. Ordinary treatment and a good soil will suit
the plant well; propagated by cuttings.
FARFUGIUM GRANDE (GreenJiouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90°).
A singular looking plant of easy culture in pots in the window
or conservatory, the leaves of which are its attractive feature.
These, borne on long stems, are large, round, smooth, of a deep
green color, and blotched with distinct golden yellow spots, rang-
ing from the size of a pin's head to nearly an inch across and dis-
tributed with a striking irregularity over the surface. The plants
are increased by new shoots starting from the root, and then
should be taken off and potted. Suitable for planting in baskets,
vases, etc., for summer decoration.
FERN {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 40 or 50, 80°).
There are many species of Ferns or Brakes found growing in
woods and swamp lands, in all parts of our country. These are
kinds, the roots of which are perennial, but the tops of most of
them die annually. The tender greenhouse species are perennial
or evergreen, and are continually attractive, summer and win-
ter. This class are among the most attractive plants which
can be grown under glass or in the window, and especially in the
latter place, with the use of a fernery or plant case. On page 48
this means of growing plants is treated upon, but I may repeat
that it exactly suits Ferns and many other plants of similar
requirements. Ferns are propagated from the spores which
appear on the leaves, these being sown in earth after the manner
of very fine seeds. The plants should be grown in soil largely
composed of leaf mould from the woods.
We name the following ferns as embracing some of the most
suitable varieties for general culture:
F. Adiantum Formosum (Maiden Hair Fern) — Jet black stems and
light green fronds.
F. Alsophila Australis (Tree Fern) — A magnificent tree fern of
rapid growth.
F.Asplenium Belangeri — Elegant feather-like fronds; deep green
color.
THE HOME FLORIST. 1 97
F. Lygodium scandens (Climbing Fern)— A climbing fern from
Japan, of a graceful, twining habit, often attaining the
height of fifty feet in its native wilds. It is easy of cul-
ture, treated as other ferns, and is a handsome plant, grown
either climbing or drooping; the foliage is finely cut and
very beautiful; a splendid house plant, unequaled in
beauty.
F. Microlepia hirtha cHstata— An elegant crested fern of good
habit and growth.
F. Nephrodium molle—l^ong, dark green fronds, upright growth.
F. Nephrolepis exaltata (Sword Fern)— Of easy culture, and soon
grows to a great size.
F. Nex)hrolepis Duffii— An exquisite miniature variety of the old-
fashioned, but ever popular Sword Fern, that commends it-
self to every one by its easy growth and graceful appear-
ance.
F. Nephrolepis DavalUoides Fur cans— A beautiful and ornamental
crested fern of easy culture.
F, Platy cerium alcicorne (Staghorn Fern)— Resembles a stag horn;
of easy culture.
F. Polypodium cureum (Hare's Foot Fernj— An elegant variety.
F. Polystichum Angulare—ljong foliage, resembling plumes of
feathers; light green color.
F. Pteris argyrea— Called by some Silver Fern. A very showy,
strong growing Fern, with variegated foliage; fronds large,
light green, with a broad band of silvery white down the
centre of each; very distinct.
F. Pteris serrulata (Crow's Foot Fern)— The fronds are pendulous
and grass like ; of easy culture.
F. Pteris tremula (Shaking Fern)— Very large, rich green foliage,
beautifully cut. The strongest growing and best Fern for
house culture; grows very rapidly and soon makes hand-
some specimens; should be found in every collection of
house plants.
F. Scolopendrium vulgare (Hart's Tongue)— Very desirable for pot
culture, being among the hardiest kinds.
FEVERFEW— Pyrethrum {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85").
Very useful plants in several varieties, all of which are
nearly hardy, of the easiest possible culture and readily propa-
gated from cuttings. The double white Feverfew (Pyrethrum
198 THE HOME FLORIST.
Parthenium) produces an immense crop of perfectly double, pure
white, daisy-like flowers, an inch and upwards across, in clusters,
on stems eighteen inches high, the fore part of summer, and then
less freely at intervals, until late in the season, on which ac-
count it has become an important plant in every florist's green-
house, and is deserving of general cultivation at the hands of
amateurs, especially as there need be no failure in managing
it, to produce an abundance of bloom.
Prince Alfred is a variety similar to the preceding, but of dwarfer
habit. Golden Feather Feverfew possesses no merit as a flower-
ing plant, but is highly esteemed for its attractive, delicate cut
foliage of a greenish golden color, and the dense symmetrical
growth it assumes. It is a beautiful plant for massing or plant-
ing in ribbon lines, and like the two varieties described above, is
very suitable as a pot plant or for planting in vases and large
hanging baskets. The flower shoots should be pinched back as
they appear. All the Feverfews may be taken from the ground
in the fall and wintered in a cold-pit. To rear an abundance of
stock for bedding, take plants thus secured into heat in February
and then make cuttings, or else raise from seeds sown in January,
which is a favorite course with florists.
FICUS {Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 90'').
A fine plant, very popular, not only in the hothouse, but as a
decorative plant for the drawing-room or flower garden. Its
thick leathery leaves make it especially valuable in consequence
of doing perfectly well in the dry air of inhabited rooms; propa-
gated from cuttings.
F. elastica (India Rubber Plant)— The old and favorite sort; fine
large shining foliage.
F. Parcelli—L,3irge leaves, beautifully marbled with bright green
and white. The plant is of free growth and extremely
effective.
F. repens — A fine creeper for green and hothouse decoration; it
will cling tenaciously on a rough surface.
FITTONIA. See Gymnostachyum.
FORGET-ME-NOT. See Myosotis.
FORSYTHI A -Golden Bell (Hardy Shrub).
A small genus of ornamental hardy shrubs, coming in flower
very early.
THE HOME FLORIST. I99
F. viridissima — Produces beautiful yellow flowers early in spring;
leaves deep green.
F. Fortuni — An upright-growing shrub with bright green foliage;
flowers bright yellow, dropping before tlie leaves appear.
A fine early flowering shrub.
FOUR O'CLOCK. See Mirabilis Jalapa.
FOX GLOVE. See DigitaHs.
FUCHSIA — Lady's Ear Drop {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 85'').
The Fuchsia is one of that superb class of plants which, to
an extent, are indispensable in every good collection. It is a
well-known genus, and has for years attracted much attention by
its elegant appearance as a pot plant, and more especially, its lovely
flowers. The Lady's Ear Drop, as it is commonly called, is asso-
ciated with our earliest recollection of window plants, cultivated
many years ago, but since that time, like many other things, the
florist's arts of improvement have caused wonderful changes in
the flowers, and rendering the varieties of to-day immensely
superior to those known a score of years ago. The Fuchsia is
well adapted for pot culture on the window-shelf or in the con-
servatory— some varieties flowering beautifully in the winter.
They delight in the winter, not so much in a high temperature as
in a light place, in which they can frequently be treated to a bit
of fresh air. By nature they require a season of rest annually,
which should be given the ordinary varieties during the latter part
of summer, and the winter-blooming kinds for several months
in the spring and summer. During the rest water should be
withheld from the plants to an extent that will cause many of the
leaves to drop, a little being applied occasionally to prevent the
soil from becoming entirely dry. They may be placed in any dry,
airy situation, but at no time where it freezes. After resting
sufiiciently, they should be cut back to encourage the formation
of a well-formed plant from the new growth, and should be well
supplied with water. As the flower buds appear, plants may re-
ceive an occasional watering with liquid manure. Frequently re-
potting the plants as needed into larger sizes, and in a soil of the
most fertile nature — it may be one-third well-rotted manure— are
important in growing the plant to perfection. By paying atten-
tion to all these points, a growth of an astonishing magnitude
200
THE HOME FLORIST.
Fuchsia.
may be had in the time of a few months, by starting with
healthy young plants. Excellent as a flowering plant in the centre
of hanging baskets and vases in shaded siiuations, and the double
varieties are quite suitable for bedding in partially shaded places
that are also protected from sweepmg winds; easily propagated
from cuttings.
SINGLE VARIETIES.
F. Aurora superba — Orange scarlet corolla, sepals rich salmon.
F. Arabella— White tube and sepals ; corolla rose.
F. Black Pririce — Tube and sepals bright waxy carmine ; sepals
large and broad, with pale green tips, and large, open, pale
pink corolla, margined with deep rose; of a very distinct
and vigorous, free branching habit. On^ of the best.
THE HOME FLORIST. 20I
F. Earl of Beacon sJield—Yigorous growing, free flowering, beauti-
ful habit, quite distinct; one of the best hybrid varieties; the
blooms are three inches in length and of great substance;
the tube and sepals are of a light rosy carmine; corolla
deep carmine.
F. Elizabeth Blarshall— Tube and sepals scarlet; corolla white.
F. England's GZor^— Pink corolla with carmine shade; a beautiful
sort.
F. Fairy— A miniature variety of clear red color.
F. Gracieax— Single light red sepals ; corolla lavender blue; very
fine.
F. Gov. Baker— Flnm corolla; sepals crimson.
F. May ^^em— Beautiful violet rose corolla ; sepals pure white;
extra.
F. ilfo?iarc7i— Immense flowers; tube and sepals of bright red and
great length.
F. Prince Imperial— Dwarf; early; extra fine.
F. President McMahon— Corolla scarlet; sepals greenish yellow.
F. Rose of Denmark— Tube and sepals ivory white; corolla clear
pink.
F. Rose of Castile— Corolla rosy purple, with lighter streaks, free
bloomer and good growler.
F. Syringceflor a— 'LargQ truss of flowers resembling in shape a
bunch of lilac.
F. Siinray— This is an exceedingly novel and interesting plant;
its leaves are richly marked in about equal proportions,
with bright crimson, creamy white and bronzy green.
F. Try me'o/i— Tube and sepals bright crimson, with large, open,
bell-shaped black corolla, the darkest yet known; fine habit.
F. Wave of Life— Foliage bronzy yellow; scarlet tube and sepals;
violet blue corolla.
DOUBLE VARIETIES.
F. Avalanche— Beautiful golden foliage, and dark double violet
purple corolla.
F. Champion of the World— harge double flowers; tubes short ;
sepals very broad and of great substance, well reflexed and
of a most beautiful coral red; corolla most intense bright
dark purple.
jP. Dolly Varden — Very double dark corolla,
202
THE HOME FLORIST.
Double White Fuchsia.
F. Elm City — Sepals rich crimson, enclosing corolla forming
globular balls; dwarf and compact in habit; extra tine.
F. Joseph Rossain — Dark double, violet blue corolla; striped deep
scarlet.
F. Kingsburyana — A variety of good habit and a most abundant
bloomer, producing fine flowers with bright red tube and
sepals, the latter reflexed and large; double, open and
spreading white corolla.
F. Nellie Morton — New; one of the very finest Fuchsias yet raised,
very large and double ; pure white corolla, beautifully
reflexed bright scarlet sepals; magnificent.
THE HOME FLORIST. 203
F. Nonpareil — Two double dark corollas; very peculiar and strik-
ing.
F. Purple Prince— Tube and sepals waxy carmine scarlet; corolla
rich violet; double.
F. Punch — Double violet corolla, sepals red.
F. Victor Hugo — Double; flowers very large; sepals red; corolla
clear lilac. A new color.
WINTER-BLOOMING FUCHSIAS.
The following four sorts are the best for winter flowering :
F. Carl Halt — A white and red striped variety.
F. Mrs. Marshall — Corolla very bright purplish scarlet.
F. Lustre — Waxy white and sepals elegantly reflexed; corolla
vivid crimson, tinted with pale orange.
F. Speciosa — A well-known variety, producing large flowers two
inches in length, tubes and sepals of which are blush, the
corolla crimson. Some plants of this variety grown in
eight or nine inch pots will produce from three hundred to
five hundred flowers from December to May.
FUNKIA— The Plantain Lily (Hardy Herbacous Perennial).
The White Day Lily (F. alba odora) is an attractive, bulbous
garden plant, with luxuriant, broad, veined foliage of a rich, yel-
lowish green color, and which grows in an elegant clump one
foot high. The flowers are pure white and fragrant, of a pleas-
ing appearance, being borne on stems twenty inches high,
about mid-summer, opening only in the day. A mass of this
beautiful plant growing on the lawn is very handsome. F. ccer-
ulea is quite similar to the above, excepting that the flowers are
light blue, and the foliage of a deep green. F. marginata has
elegant variegated leaves, distinctly edged and striped with sul-
phur yellow.
GALANTHUS— Snowdrop {Hardy Bulbous Perennial).
Delightful little pure white flowers, blooming in the open air
very early, and sometimes in warm, sunny exposures even before
all the snow is gone. There is a double and a single variety. No
garden can be considered well stocked, without having, at least,
a few clumps of these earliest of all flowers. The bulbs should
be planted in the fall months with Hyacinths, Tulips, etc., about
two or three inches deep, and if set three inches apart in clumps
204
THE HOME FLORIST.
a foot or two across, the effect will be the finest. Reset them
once in tliree years. The Galanthus may also be forced into
bloom in the winter in the house. (See page 52.)
GARDENIA. See Jasmine.
GAZANIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 32, 45, 85°).
Summer and autumn flowering bedding plants of low, pros-
trate habit; the prevailing colors are orange and yellow, with a
broad, intensely black velvety ring around the center. Excellent
for planting at the edge in hanging baskets and vases for droop-
ing over. Propagated from cuttings and layers.
THE HOME FLORIST.
205
GERANIUMS.
GERANIUM— Pelargonium. {Greenhouse Perennials,
85°, except where noted).
33, 45,
An extensive, varied and interesting
family of plants of great value for
pot culture and summer bedding
in the open air. Indeed, in such
a degree is this true, that a showy-
flower and window garden quite varied
in its character, might be sustained by
employing no other plants than those
included in the genus. Their require-
ments in culture are throughout of the
most simple kind, and there is scarcely
such a thing as failure in realizing sat-
isfaction from cultivating them, even
by inexperienced amateurs. All the
varieties of the several sections strike
root readily from cuttings. August
and September are suitable months for
propagating, as an abundance of gi'owth
is then available, and cuttings struck
at this season will make strong plants
for next year's use. They will also,
each year, afford many young cuttings
during the winter for propagation.
Young plants make such a rapid
i growth that it is better to provide
plenty of new stock each fall and win-
ter for bedding in the spring, and also
for pot culture, than to work much with the old plants. A light
place, where air can be introduced to them, is the most suitable
one for their winter quarters. Old plants can easily be kept over
in a warm cold- pit or light cellar, which is not too damp. (See
Pelargonium.)
206 THE HOME FLORIST.
The Geraniums are, jDerliaps, the most useful and popular plants
in cultivation. Wherever we go vs^here plants are grown, in
any part of the civilized world ; in the humble little garden ; in
the latticed window of the thatched cottage; in splendid palace
grounds and national gardens; everywhere do we find the Geran-
ium at once useful and beautiful, and entirely eclipsing by its
mass of bloom and brilliant coloring, its more aristocratic and
costly neighbors. Tliey not only bear beautiful flowers, but the
foliage of many varieties is almost as handsomely colored as
the flowers; the leaves of some are loaded with the sweetest per-
fumes, while the others are of the most elegant forms, and make
a better setting for a button-hole bouquet than any other leaf
known.
For constancy of bloom the Geranium is unequalled. Small
plants, that can be bought very cheap, if put out in May and
June, will soon after planting,, completely fill a bed and
will be a mass of flowers, and continue getting better, until
blackened by the frosty nights of autumn. While other plants
are wilting under the scorching rays of our summer sun, the
Geranium seems to glory in the hottest weather.
The Geraniums make excellent winter blooming plants, if not
kept too warm ; but for this purpose should be grown in pots all
summer, and the buds picked off as they appear.
ZONALE, SINGLE OR HORSE-SHOE
GERANIUMS.
This is, perhaps, for all purposes, the most useful class in culti-
vation, the plants being easily grown, affording a large variety
of colors, embracing all shades from purple and scarlet to white.
As bedding plants they are unequalled, being rapid growers, vig-
orous and healthy, bearing the hottest sun admirably and are
remarkably free flowering. Scarcely a more pleasing or yet
more simple disposal of plants can be effected than to mass the
scarlet varieties a foot or more apart, according to size, in a bed
upon the lawn, to be viewed from a distance as from a walk or a
favorite window in the living room. The plants should not be
put into the ground until the weather is quite warm and all dan-
ger from frosty nights is over — in the Northern States toward the
last of May. Set the plants so that when grown, they will cover
the ground. For brilliancy the varieties, Gen. Grant, Gen,
THE HOME FLORIST. 20/
Sheridan and Queen of tJie West are the best, being strong grow-
ers and immense bloomers. All during the season many large,
dazzling heads of bloom are conspicuous over the green, com-
pact mass of leaves, affording a continual, never-tiring sight for
months, which, for attractiveness, cannot be fully approached
by any other plants in cultivation, similarly arranged. The num-
ber of plants employed or the size of the bed has less to do with
its general effectiveness than the adherence to the principle of
using only one variety in the same mass, and also that the plants
be nearly uniform in size (see " Planting in masses of color." page
21). Besides the excellent scarlets named, there are others quite
as suitable for bedding in masses, but my advice to amateurs is to
make their first choice from the above named varieties for this
purpose, leaving other colors for subsequent plantings, unless it is
desired to plant a compound bed with Geraniums, each part with
a distinctly colored variety. As stated before, masses of Geran-
iums should be all of one color for the best effects, but a depar-
ture from this rule may be suggested as being, perhaps, quite as
satisfactory, and that is to have the general mass one color —
say, for instance, scarlet, and then bringing an edging of another
color, like white or pink, around the outside of the scarlet. The
following varieties are the best for massing: Gen. Grant, bright
scarlet; Geu. Sheridan, darker scarlet; Queen of the West, orange-
scarlet; Master Christine, pink; White Perfection, white; Celes-
tial, deep rose, tinged white; Bishop Simpson, salmon; Louis
Uhlbach, light yellow; Hoffgartner Eichler, dark crimson; Ralph,
amaranth purple.
In massing Geraniums the beds may or may not be edged with
plants of other kinds such as have showy foliage, as best suits the
planter. The ground to be planted with Geraniums should
always be slightly raised in the center to a mound-like form.
Tliis class of Geraniums are much used as pot plants, and for
planting in the center of hanging-baskets, and vases for which
last named purpose there can be nothing better. Indeed some of
the best filled vases we have ever seen, were planted with Geran-
iums alone.
G. Apple Blossom — Beautiful trusses of a pearly white, suffused
w^ith rosy -pink.
G. Alcibiade — Red-salmon, shaded clear violet at center ; pips
large; good trusses.
G, ^?7iarari]f/i— Beautiful lilac pink. ^
208 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Audiffret-Pasquier— Carmine lake, slightly vemed rose upon
the upper petals.
G. Antonin Proits^— Violet-carmine; upper petals marked pur-
plish crimson; very fine flowering.
G. Bisliop Simpson— Large trusses of rich salmon.
G. Beauty of Kingsessiug— Salmon center, margined with white.
G. Bramford 's glory —Bright, clear scarlet.
G. Blonde Beauty— Beep flesh color, shading to white.
G. Celestial— Beep rose, tinged wiiite; an extra fine sort for bed-
ding out, or winter flowering.
G. Christine Neilson — Bright rosy pink.
G. Cinderella— Bright rosy salmon, fine truss, new color; a beau-
tiful variety.
G. Challemel Lacour—Bich, vivid crimson; iinmense trusses; very
fine.
G. Cherry Lips— Bright cherry; distinct color.
G. Dazzler — Exceedingly rich scarlet, with large white eye; very
brilliant.
G. Evening Star— This beautiful sort is most attractive, having a
white ground with large pink eye.
G. Eva — Magenta; fine color.
G. Fairy— Salmon, flaked wiiite.
G. Favorite — Light pink; immense truss.
G. General Sherman — Light crimson; a fine bedder.
G. General Hood — Very large flowers of a deep velvety scarlet
color; a beautiful sort.
G. General Sheridan — Show^y scarlet; a fine winter flowering gera-
nium, and also a fine bedding geranium; always in flower.
G. General Grant — Fine scarlet; this variety is used largely for
bedding out.
G. Gnome — Immensely large pips of the most intense glowing scar-
let; small white eye; single florets measure full two inches
in diameter.
G.Guinea — Brilliant orauge yellow; the nearest approach to a yel-
low Zonale yet sent out.
G. Harry King— Intense scarlet with large white eye.
G. Hoffgartner Eichler — Dark crimson shaded to bright scarlet.
G. Illustre Citoyen— Bark orange red, centre whitish lilac; flowers
and trusses large.
G. Institulor Deleval—JJpper petals currant red; lower petals flame
color; magnificeut.
THE HOME FLORIST. 209
G. lanthe — Purplish crimson; fine.
G. Jersey Lily — New, tender, rosy salmon, the base of the upper
petals marked white; flowers of beautiful form; a truly
magnificent variety.
G. Jacques Leinhart— Rich scarlet, lined with crimson; of fine
form and habit.
G. Jealousy — Bright orange scarlet, so much so as to give a decided
yellow hue; a beautiful sort.
G. Jean Sisley — Fine scarlet, white eye; fine winter bloomer and
good bedder.
G. Jules Favre — A new and peculiar shade; violet shaded with
lilac and light crimson.
G. Jacquard — New, orange red; upper petals touched with vio-
let; white centre; a fine flower; a beautiful sort,
G. Leviathan — A fine sort; bright crimson scarlet, shaded ver-
milion; free bloomer; immense trusses five to six inches in
diameter.
G. La Franclie Gaite— Centre pure white; edge of petals light
red.
G. La France — Violet purple, with fiery markings at base of up-
per petals.
G. Z/' Elysee — Deep orange-colored flowers, graduating to salmon
toward the edges.
G. Louis Uhlbach — Yellowish red in color; a seedling of the
Guinea.
G. Mrs. Jas. A. Garfield — A new Geranium with the purest
white flowers; dwarf and one of the finest sorts for pot
culture.
G. Madame Rampler — Fine, clear white, veined with purple; ex-
tremity of the petals snow v/hite.
G. Madame Recamier — Large, round flowers of perfect shape;
deep rich crimson.
G. Master Christine — Bright pink; fine bloomer; one of the best
for summer bedding.
G, Mrs. Wiridsor — A beautiful new variety with large trusses of
blush wliite, with a scarlet eye.
G. Mrs. Moore — New, pure white, with a beautiful ring of bright
salmon around a small white eye; very fine.
G, Mrs. James Vick — White edges, pinkish centre; without an
equal for winter.
G. Mathilda — Rose pink; fine,
210 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Mary Halleck i^oofe— Bright pale salmon.
G. Mazeppa — Pure scarlet; ininiense trusses.
G. Md. Daiielle — Clear delicate rose; upper peta,ls marked with
white.
G. Md. Damage — Very fine scarlet.
G. Merimee — Orange, with ^vhite toward the edges.
G. Maynetta Pacha — Carmine red, deepened with crimson,
G. Maid of Kent — Pure lake-rose or pink.
G. Masterpiece — Rosy scarlet; of great size.
G. Newland 's Mary — Beautiful dark pink.
G. New Life — Scarlet flowers, flaked and striped with salmon and
white.
G. Othello — Very dark scarlet.
G. P. L. Courier — Immense trusses rich vermilion.
G. Perseus — Light pink shaded with salmon,
G. Par Excellence — Scarlet magenta; large trusses,
G. Pride — Fine large salmon,
G. Princess Maud — New, scarlet, pure white eye; very fine.
G. President Garfield — Color lake carmine; upper petals marked
orange; a very fine variety.
G Queen of the West — Bright orange scarlet; large truss and
profuse bloomer. We know of no finer Geranium for
planting out in beds.
G. Pose Unique — Large trusses of an incarnate rose color, rayed
with white in the centre, reverse of petals violet.
G. Pienzi — Rich scarlet.
G. Penomme — Clear apricot, passing to copper rose, veined centre,
large trusses.
G. Ralph — One of the best bedding sorts yst introduced; profuse
bloomer; color dark amaranth purple.
G. Streak of Luck — A rival of New Life; saimon color striped
with white; very free flowering.
G. Scarlet Fesityms— Bright scarlet; very free bloomer.
G. Salmon Rienzii — A most beautiful salmon of great size; very
fine.
G. Salmon Leviathan — In the style of Crimson Leviathan but
larger; salmon flowers.
G. Sara Bernhart — A splendid new white Geranium; flowers
pure white, without even colored stamens; a beatiful sort.
G. Sunshine — Vermilion scarlet.
G. Thomas Carlyle — Center vermilion, shading to salmon.
THE HOME FLORIST. 211
G. Von Moltke — Dark soft red, tinted with scarlet and heavily-
shaded with maroon. Its glossy, velvety color can not be
excelled.
G. W. K. Harris — Blush, pale red center; fine, large round flowers.
G. Wood Nymph — Bright clear pink, with white markings on
upper petals.
G. Wilsonii — Light amaranth.
G. White Perfection — Pure white ; fine bedder.
G. White Vesuvius — Color, white ; round petals ; very free flow-
ering.
(r. William Cullen Bryant — The finest shaped single flowered
Geranium known. Each floret on strong plants will meas-
ure two inches across ; color a soft, rich, pure scarlet. The
thickness of petal and size of flower makes it appear as if
stamped out of thick velvet. The trusses are large.
G. Zuleika — Upper petals shaded crimson, lower petals blush
purple.
DOUBLE GERANIUMS.
The Double Geraniums have now been in cultivation for a num-
ber of years, and at the present time include almost every desir-
able color, even to pure white. Their general habit and appear-
ance is similar to the Single Geraniums. The plants are equally
valuable, whether employed for bedding or for growing in pots.
The Double Geraniums have been wonderfully improved the past
few years and are in every way proving formidable rivals to the
Single Geraniums, not only as to variety in color, but also in
free flowering qualities, and in the dwarf branching habit. So
excellent are many cf the sorts of the present day, that those who
grow flowers for sale depend largely on these for contributing
lively colors to their cut flowers and bouquets. When well grown
it is not rare to find flowers as large and full as a Carnation .
while the colors are brighter than those of that favorite flower.
They are very fine for winter blooming, lasting much longer
than the single varieties.
G. Admiral Seymour— Ytich, dark amaranth.
G. Ami Hbs^e— Dark crimson, shaded with purple.
G. Amazone— Creamy white, free bloomer.
G. Asteroid — Deep rich crimson.
G. Alba Perfecta— Large, fine, snowy- white flowers ; very free
bloomer.
212 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Asa (rrai/— Salmon-pink flowers, edged with white ; one of
the best sorts ; a constant bloomer,
G. Bousingault — Orange-vermilion, softened with rose.
G. Bishop IVood — The upper petals carmine-scarlet, lower petals
a violet-rose ; a new color.
G. B. K. Bliss— Oi all varieties this has the largest flowers and
most vivid coloring ; the individual flowers are two inches
in diameter, of good shape, trusses large; color, a rich tone
of pure scarlet.
G. Charles Darwin — Rich deep violet-purple, the base of the
superior petals marked with a flaming color.
G. Commandant Of ^—Scarlet-orange, shading into vermilion;
habit and form very fine.
G. Cybele — A new and fine sort ; has immense trusses of large
flowers of a bright salmon-rose color, some of the petals
fluted and blotched blush white ; very distinct.
G. C. H. Wagner — Brilliant orange-scarlet, with a purple hue on
the lower petals.
G. Candidissima — A large, full, finely formed flower of the most
snowy whiteness.
G. Casimer Perier — Very double flowers of flaming orange,
bordered wtth salmon.
G. Cabanel — Plant dwarf and a vigorous grower ; truss extraor-
dinary large ; spherical ; bright carmine color.
G. Cheerfulness — A new color; flesh jDink, shaded and mottled
rose: extremely double petals somewhat fluted or fringed:
a fine and distinct variety.
G. Depute Ancelon — Deep magenta-rose, with a violet cast ; very-
double and fine.
G. Depute Berlet — A beautiful shade pink with a tinge of violet.
G. Depute Laflize — Flowers a dark vermilion purple, large trusses
with the pips closely packed.
G. Depute Varroy — A bright lake color, deep at edges of petals
and shading to white at the center ; a beautiful shade.
G. Dr. Jacohy — Enormous trusses of large double flowers of clear
nankeen salmon ; one of the finest Geraniums in our col-
lection .
G. Ed. Andre— A. beautiful flower, of dark rose, shaded with
violet.
G. Emit de Girardin — A splendid variety with enormous trusses
of rose-colored flowers.
THE HOME FLORIST. 213
G. Ernest Lauth—A magnificent variety; flowers large, full and
well-formed; deep-glowing crimson, illuminated with
scarlet.
G. Flocon de Niege — Plant dwarf; free flowering; trusses very
large; flowers pure white.
G. Guillion Mayigilli — Splendid large, round truss of rich carmine
crimson; prolific bloomer and good bedder.
G. Grand Chancelier Faidherbe — A new sort; very thick and
double flowers of a dark soft red, tinted with scarlet and
heavily shaded with maroon; very dark and rich, and at
the same time very bright; simply a superb variety.
G. Gilded Gold — Bright orange scarlet or flame color; flowers
large, of fine form, branching habit, very constant bloomer
and one of the best geraniums either for pot culture or for
bedding.
G, Gustave Dore — A fine flower of shaded scarlet, reverse buff;
very fine.
G. General Saussier — Rosy salmon, shaded into violet; a very
beautiful color; habit good.
G. General Campenon — Large, fine truss, deep purplish red,
shaded with violet.
G. General Billot— l^aige truss; extra large florets; its color is
lake, tinted with flame.
G. George Thorpe — The trusses are of immense size, on very
strong foot stalks; the color is of the most intense light
crimson; the habit is branching and the foliage never
burns; a grand variety.
G. Hoff. Beach — Rich amaranth purple: of fine habit and robust
constitution, the foliage wearing well in the hottest weather;
the flowers are of good size, the trusses large and freely
produced; a good variety for bedding.
G. Henry Cannell— The richest, most vivid and dazzling scarlet;
florets of great size and perfect form; always in bloom.
Its glowing, velvety color cannot be excelled, and it will
bed as well as the singles; the best double Geranium
grown .
G. Iroquois— l^ew, intense deep scarlet, very large and double
flowers; very free flowering.
G. Illuminator — Black velvety crimson ; very double and brilliant;
quilted.
G. John Fennely — Very double, light salmon, striped with white.
214 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. J. C. Rodbard— Brilliant red, upper petals tinged with purple.
G. Jennie Reid—Yerj dwarf; bright scarlet.
G. J. H. iCZippar^— Entirely distinct from any Geranium yet
offered; flowers double, of the most dazzling vermilion
scarlet, shaded with maliogany at base of petals; trusses
very large, often measuring five inches in diameter; of
globular shape, resembling a scarlet ball ; a remarkably free
bloomer, and equaling General Grant as a bedder; a mag-
nificent variety; commended.
G. J. P. Kirtland—LiSirge, double flowers; color rich deep crim-
son dashed with purple; upper petals stained with scarlet.
G. Jewel— One of the most beautiful; very dwarf and compact;
bright scarlet; very double.
G. James Vick— Fine shade of crimson; lower petals changing to
violet rose ; a new color.
G. J. P. Stahl—^ew, deep soft rose, edged with salmon; a beau-
tiful color and one of the finest new geraniums introduced.
G. John Heron— Rich plum purple; flowers and trusses larger;
habit compact and spreading; a fine bedder and quite an
acquisition.
G. La iVegre— Dark maroon, full and perfect; large trusses; one
of the best.
G. UAhbe Gregoire— Free flowering; the upper petals are of a
fiery amaranth; the lower of a capucine red.
G.Lemoines Cannell-^ew. This is by far the most highly-col-
ored Geranium grown; as nearly as it can be described, the
color is a rich amaranthine red; the under petals very
strongly marked with purple, producing a very rich and
beautiful effect.
G. Le Pilofe -Glowing crimson scarlet; very brilliant, hand-
somely-formed flowers, beautiful in its rich coloring.
G. M. Hardy— Large flowers, very double; perfect in form; of a
delicate rosy pearl color.
G. M. Puteaux Chaimhaidt—Flant dwarf and compact in form;
spherical trusses; flowers semi-double; fine rose color; ex-
cellent for pot culture.
G. Mrs. Cope— Rich carmine red, of large size and immense
trusses.
G. Madame Amelia Baltet—T)wart habit and remarkably clear;
double pure white, in good trusses; the freest flowering dou-
ble white yet raised.
THE HOME FLORIST. 21 5
G. Madame Thibaut — Flowers very large, of a rich rose color,
washed with violet carmine; the upper petals strongly
marked white at their bases; one of the best for winter
flowering.
G. Md. Grangeorge — Bright mauve; upper petals clear white
toward the centre; a most beautiful sort.
G. Mrs. Charles Pease — Has flowers of an exquisite deep pink
color, with upper petals of each flower distinctly marked
with pure white, so much so as to make it appear as if one-
half the flower is white, producing a novel effect; one of
the best for pot culture.
G. M. Derzard— Enormous tnisses of a magenta red, with a
metallic shade; a very free bloomer.
G. Minister Constans—Flowev^ very large and full; bright orange
shaded with salmon.
G. Mary Anderson — Fine vermilion scarlet; a flne new sort.
G. Mrs. Hayes — Very double flowers of a beautiful light shade of
pink or flesh color; very fine.
G. Monsieur Buckler — Flowers double, of good size; beautiful
bright mahogany color.
G. Monsieur Dibos — Flowers well made, in the form of rosettes,
porcelain white; centre glossy rose.
G. Maiden's Blush — White, finely flaked with rose; a new color.
G. Paid St. Victor — Enormous truss, large florets, rosy carmine;
foliage fine and compact.
G. Phallas — A rich, apricot orange; most vivid in coloring; trusses
very large; habit neat and free; fine and distinct bedding
variety.
G. President Charton — Salmon, brilliant at the centre, white ex-
tremities of the petals
G. Peter Henderson — Bright orange scarlet, very double; base of
petals pure \, hite; a remarkably fine Geranium.
G. Queen of Roses Dwarf; beautiful light rose flowers.
G. Queen of the Fairies — A bi-color variety of the most perfect
shape; rich flesh color, mottled with pearly ,white.
G. Robert George— Deep crimson scarlet of great size; free
bloomer.
G. Sapier Pompier — Flowers large, very double and finely-shaped;
color deep scarlet.
G. Syl^jhide— Flowers delicate, slightly tinted with lilac, with a
distinct white spot at the base of the petals.
2l6 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Simon Delaux — Very double, large pips, rich violet purple.
G. Souvenir de Castile — A splendid variety; flowers amaranthine
red, beautifully toned with violet; a grand sort.
G. Soleilett — In form dwarf, free blooming; of a rich violet lake
color; very tine.
G. Siren — Very large individual florets of pure white.
G. The Ghost — Flowers white, finely formed; petals waxy and of
great substance.
G. The Blonde — Salmon, deeply shaded orange; base of petals
white, with a white margin,
G. Victor Hugo — Flowers very large and double, and color a
flaming orange touched with the tints from the dawn of
day; novel and superb effect.
G. William Hamilton — New, a grand variety, rich deep crimson,
with very bright maroon shadings; large flowers.
G. Ziccot Mangenot—Yery large truss, speckled with cream color
on a ground of light rose, with tints of carmine.
IVY-LEAVED GERANIUMS.
A splendid class of climbing or trailing Geraniums, adapted for
baskets, vases, rock- work and training on trellises in pot culture.
They have thick glossy foliage of a peculiar waxy texture, pos-
sessing mostly the Ivy-leaf shape, w^hich of itself would be of
sufficient beauty to warrant their cultivation, but they also have
the charming attraction of beautiful flowers as well as foliage.
They bloom with the greatest freedom during the spring and sum-
mer, flowers varying from pure white to dark rose, and the flowers
show to delightful advantage, owing to the habit of the plants.
The plants are also interesting for bedding, as they grow freely
and creep beautifully, if not supported, forming dense masses
of glossy green, covered with beautiful flowers.
SINGLE-FLOWERED IVY-LEAVED.
G. Butterfly — Bright rose, striped crimson.
G. Bridal Wreath — Fine, large trusses of pure white flowers; a
very distinct variety.
G. Innocence — Pure white; excellent.
G. V elegante— Kn extremely pretty variety of bright green foliage,
with a broad band of creamy white, often margined with
pink; its pure white blossoms are produced in dense clus-
ters.
THE HOME FLORIST.
217
Ivy-Leaved Geranium.
G. Mrs. H. Cannell — Large trusses of flowers of a deep mauve
purple, perfectly round and produced in great abundance;
largest flowered and most distinct ivy-leaved Geranium
grown.
G. Princess Alexandria — Blush pink, feathered with violet crim-
son; a strong grower; very free flowering, making one of
the handsomest basket or vase plants that can be grown.
DOUBLE FLOWERED IVY-LEAVED.
G. Charm — A very fine large flower of a beautiful, bright pink
color, with rich crimson marking in the upper petals.
G. Candeur — Flowers very double; pure white, of excellent form
and habit; a very beautiful variety.
G. Countess Horace de Choiseul — Plant vigorous; leaves without
zones; flowers very large, double and imbricated in good
trusses; color bright golden salmon; the brightest colored
of all the ivy-leaved varieties; one of the finesi hanging-
basket plants grown.
2l8 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Glorie d^Orleayis — A magnificent variety; flowers very large,
of light violet red; always in bloom and- flowers in clusters.
G. Jeanne d' Arc — Flowers very large and double, of the purest
white; fine habit; free flowering; the best.
G. la Rosier e — Flowers of perfect shape, double and of good size;
color satin rose; an excellent variet}'.
G. Madame Diibos — In this variety we have a real advance in
double flowering Ivy Geraniums; the flowers are very large,
full, double; in color a deep, beautiful pink; an extra fine
sort.
G. Monsieur Pasteur — Flowers finely formed, very large petals,
fine cherry color, suffused with rose; good habit and fine
grower.
G. Plutus — A fine variety; produces a fine, large rosette-like
flower of a violet rose color.
G. Vice-President Joly— Flowers rowadi and finely-formed; petals
imbricated; color clear rosy lilac. This variety rivals the
well-known zonale'Mme. Thibaut in form and color.
GOLDEN TRICOLOR AND SILVER-LEAVED
AND TRICOLOR GERANIUMS (33, 50, 85^^).
As their names imply, the chief merit of this section consi^s
in the distinctly margined and variegated foliage, although, with-
out an exception, they produce fine flowers. Well-grown speci-
mens as pot plants are exceedingly handsome for decorating the
parlor or conservatory, but they should have a position as near
the glass as possible, as the colors will be more clearly defined for
being thus treated. The different varieties are useful for plant-
ing in ribbon beds to contrast with Coleus, Achyranthes, etc., or
for edgings to beds of Scarlet Geraniums, and also for planting
in baskets and vases.
GOLDEN TRICOLOR GERANIUMS.
G. Countess of Tyrconnell — Yellow margins with a bright car-
mine zone.
G. Countess of Craven — Margin of clear golden yellow, with a
rich crimson zone.
G. Crown Jewel — This has a fine bold leaf and good colors.
Q. Earl of Derby — Zone dark chestnut red and black; margin of
golden yellow.
THE HOME FLORIST. 219
Golden Tricolor Geranium.
G. Edwina Fitzpatrick — Green, red zone, belted with crimson,
edged with golden yellow.
G. Eboi — Broad gold margin, broad zone, tinted with flame red.
G. Golden Pheasant — Leaves green; centre bounded by a splendid
bronze zone; rich yellow belt.
G. Humming Bird— A beautifully-shaped leaf; it is certainly one
of the best.
G. Jetty Lacy — Bronze gold margin, deep crimson zone; good
grower.
G. Louisa Smith — Deep yellow, margined with distinct zone of
bright red and black.
G. Mrs. Pollock — A magnificent variety; the green leaf disc, over-
laid by a beautiful bronze red zone, belted with bright
crimson and outwardly margined with golden yellow; very
fine for the parlor or conservatory during winter and
spring.
G. Needle Gun — Margined with deep yellow; zone bright and
lively.
G. Queen of Tricolors— Crimson scarlet zone, with brimstone edge.
G. Rosina Saul — This is a beautiful tricolor, zone exceedingly
bright and clear, with a bright yellow margin.
G. Sir Robert Napier — The broadest and darkest zone, indented
with brilliant scarlet; flesh-colored flowers; extra.
220 THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Sunset — A rich, broad, outer golden belt, the inner margin of
which is overlaid with a bright carmine red zone and flame
scarlet tints.
G. Sophia Vumaresque — Golden margin marked by a brilliant
flame-tinted scarlet zone.
G Socrates — Golden leaf margin; zone flame red upon a bronze
belt.
G. Star of India — Margin golden yellow; zone flame scarlet.
SILVER-LEAVED AND TRICOLOR.
G. Argus — Chocolate zone, white and green markings; a strong
grower; one of the best.
G. Bijou — Leaves finely margined with white; scarlet flowers.
G. Bright Star — A white edge; scarlet flowers.
G. Brilliant — Leaves margined with white; bright scarlet flowers.
G. Cherub — Leaves deep green, white and orange; flowers carmine.
G. Castlemilk — The whitest margined variety; olive green center.
G. Countess of Warwick— Vigorous grower; deep green, with
pinkish carmine zone, creamy edge.
G. Empress Eugenie — A rose zone on a chocolate ground, white
margin.
G. Flower of Spring — Leaves margined white; scarlet flowers.
G. Fontainbleu — Margined with white; bright carmine zone.
G. Freak of Nature — New; a very unique and attractive variety;
outside leaves light green, with a large, pure white center;
flowers light scarlet, dwarf and spreading.
G. Glen Eyre Beauty— A beautiful variety with well-defined zone
of dark chocolate and rosy carmine and very pure; white
margin.
G. Happy Thought— A tricolor Geranium, with very dark green
foliage, having a light creamy, almost white center, with a
dark band about the light zone. It is a beautiful plant,
and flowers bright scarlet.
G. Little Beautij—SWyer margin, with pretty rose-tinted zone.
G. Jane— Leaves margined with white; very fine bedder.
G. Mountain of Snow— The finest of this class; a vigorous grower,
an abundant bloomer, and for ribbon lines of massing is
one of the best; the center of the leaf is bright green; the
outer margin broadly marked with silvery white; one of
the whitest leaved sorts; flowers bright scarlet.
THE HOME FLORIST.
221
Silver- Leaved Geranium.
G. Mrs. John Clutton — A very attractive sort; leaves pale green,
with a creamy white edging and a bright crimson zone,
which is very brilliant on the young foliage, giving it
almost the appearance of flowers.
G. Mad. Sallervi— A Yery compact variety of Silver Geranium;
very fine for massing or bordering; a thrifty, healthful
grower, rarely reaching a height of more than six inches;
leaves very small, of a peculiar clear green, edged with
pure white.
G. Prince Silverivings — A beautiful variety, silver tricolor; foli-
age green, yellow and white edge, crimson zone.
G. Queen of May — Foliage white, green, bronze and pink.
222
THE HOME FLORIST.
G. Snowstorm — One of the finest in the class of Silver-Leaved
Geraniums; the margin of the leaf is very broadly mar-
gined with white; dark green centre and scarlet flowers.
G. Silver Cord — Pure white margin, green leaf.
G. Silver Pheasant — A vigorous grower and good bedder; leaves
margined creamy white ; flowers scarlet.
SCENTED AND CUT-LEAVED GERANIUMS.
The Geranium family affords
in this delightful section, a
remarkable diversity of sweet-
smelling odors in their foliage,
resembling fruits, etc., which
is not common with any othci
class of plants to anything like
a similar extent. The Rose,
Apple, Lemon, Orange and
Peppermint SiYQ sufficiently dis-
tinct in fragrance that no im-
agination or fancy is required
to detect the resemblance to
tiie natural fruits, etc., from
which they derive their names.
The Nutmeg fragrance in the
Cut-Leaved Geranium. variety so called is not quite so
apparent; neither is that of the Citron and Pennyroyal, yet these
each possess quite a distinct fragrance which is agreeable and
desirable for variety. The Oak-Leaved variety closely resembles
the oak leaf in shape; has clearly defined variegations and bears
attractive pink flowers with brilliant dark spots on the petals.
Fernifolia is a beautiful variety with very thin, finely cut leaves
of fern-like texture and of a transparent green color, which ren-
ders it of real interest. The Skeleton-Leaved is a very attractive
variety with foliage of a skeleton-like appearance, that is to
say: the leaves are singularly cut, the fleshy material lying along
botli sides of the frame-work of ribs, but generally less than one-
eighth of an inch in width in any part. Dr. Livingstone some-
what resembles the skeleton-leaved and makes a remarkably
pretty plant. Lady Plymouth, besides possessing fragrance, is
similar in the form of its foliage to the Rose, with distinctly
THE HOME FLORIST. 223
marked edges and variegations of white throughout. This is a
beautiful variety for j)ot culture or for bedding out. Sliruhiand
Pet is a free-growing variety with leaves of sweet fragrance
somewhat resembling Eose ; it grows rapidly when bedded,
assuming a height of eighteen inches, and bears constantly in
summer, hundreds of rich crimson flowers. Little Gem is a
dwarf grower and profuse bloomer, with deep green foliage
resembling the Rose in form; very desirable as a i^ot or summer-
bedding plant.
G. Balm Scented — Has very large foliage; deliciously fragrant.
G. Betidini (Birch -Leaved) — Leaf small, flowers nearly white ;
delicious birch fragrance.
G. Mrs. Taylor — Foliage not very fragrant, but beautiful; flowers
scarlet, in good clusters, shaped like a small Pelargonium;
blooms very freely and constantly.
G. Rose Scented -There are two kinds — one the broad leaf variety
and the other more finely cut.
All the scented and cut-leaved Geraniums are valuable as pot
plants, as they are not alone dependent upon bloom to make
them attractive, although nearly all bear flowers freely, and
some are really very desirable on this account. For making bou-
quets, and as a back ground for button-hole flowers they are
indispensable. Their value as bedding plants seems not to be
justly appreciated by cultivators. They are without exception,
rapid, handsome growers, and become, in a short time after bed-
ding, exceedingly beautiful. All the varieties propagate readily
from cuttings, except the Apple, w^hich is reared from seed.
GOLDEN BRONZE GERANIUMS.
This class of Geraniums has been greatly improved in the last
few years, combining the brightest colored flowers, with beauti-
ful foliage. They are admirable bedding plants, attracting all
by their bright foliage; even during the heat of summer they pos-
sess qualities that are not attained by any other class of Geran-
iums.
SINGLE-FLOWERED VARIETIES.
G. Beauty of Caidder dale— Ijight golden yellow foliage, dark
chestnut zone, scarlet flowers.
G. Black Hawk — Dark brown zone on yellow^ ground; scarlet
flowers.
224 THE HOME FLORIST.
Golden Bronze Geranium.
G. Bronze Model — Golden foliage, brown zone, scarlet flowers;
extra fine.
G Crystal Palace (rem— Fine yellow, with green disc; extra fine
bedder.
G. Distinction — Very peculiar leaf markings, not a bronze; the
leaves are enriched near the edge with a very narrow zone
of deep black. Placed here for want of class suitable for it.
G. Earl Roslyn— The foliage is large, of a brilliant yellow color,
with a broad, chocolate zone.
G, Exquisite — New; large chocolate zone; large golden yellow cen-
ter; edges variegated; flowers salmon, tipped white. A
perfect beauty; no one should fail to have this fine Gera-
nium in their collection.
G. Fanny — Light golden foliage; chocolate zone; the flowers are
large and of a delightful peach color; very free blooming;
one of the best winter blooming Geraniums grown. Excel-
lent.
G. Gen. R. E. iee— Leaves deep green, distinctly marked with a
large, light golden blotch in the center, forming a well
marked variegation; flowers dazzling scarlet, with attrac-
tive white eye.
G. King of the Bronzes — New; large, finely formed leaves, with
broad chocolate zone, in a pure yellow ground ; a striking
and distinct varietv.
THE HOME FLORIST. 22$
O. Marshal McMaho7i — The best of all the Bronze Geraniums:
ground color of leaves, golden yellow, marked with a deep
chocolate zone; a splendid bedding variety. The variega-
tion withstanding our hot, dry atmosphere admirably.
G. Prince Henry — Center of the leaf, rich yellow ; zone very
broad and of a rich, dark color. One of the best. Very
distinct and beautiful.
G. Pride of Mt. ^qpe— Large foliage, of a brilliant yellow color,
with broad, chocolate zone.
G. Warrior — Light yellowish green leaf, with a broad, light choc-
olate bronze zone; flowers reddish scarlet; a splendid
variety.
G. Zvlu — Bright yellow leaf, with very deep chocolate zone.
Decidedly the darkest and best of this class.
DOUBLE-FLOWERED VARIETIES.
G. Corinne— Clear golden yellow foliage, with elegant zone;
flowers double; trusses good size; color fiery orange.
G. Magician — Foliage dark green, with greenish-yellowish disc.
Flowers orange scarlet, and foliage as fine as some of the
golden tri-colors.
GESNERA ZEBUI^ A {Greenhcmse Bulbous Perennial, 35, 60, 90°).
A pot plant with beautiful velvety foliage that is richly varie-
gated in green and maroon. It dies down to the root at the ap-
proach of winter, after w hich w-ater should be withheld almost
entirely, keeping the pot in a warm place. In spring the bulb
may be repotted, dividing it if desirable, and it should then be
given plenty of water to induce a new growth. The plant likes
a sandy loam soil, which will be the better for an admixture of
some thoroughly decayed leaf mould.
GLADIOLUS {Tender Bulb).
Of the summer flowering bulbs the Gladiolus heads the list as
the most imposing, varied and beautiful class. The flowers on a
bed of good varieties are gorgeous and attractive beyond descrip-
tion. They are produced in spikes, two feet and upward in
height, and have especially in the newer varieties, a rich, sub-
stantial texture, which make them the subject of irresistible ad-
miration from all beholders. By planting at intervals, from the
middle of April till June, the flower garden may be brilliant with
226 THE HOME FLORIST.
their colors for several months in summer and early autumn.
Plant two or three inches deep and six or nine inches apart; keep
tied to stakes, or, if in beds, to twine stretched across the bed.
By the middle of October take up the bulbs, leave them to dry
for a few days, but not exposed to frosts, remove the tops, and
store in a moderately warm dry place through the winter for next
year's planting. The rapid natural increase of the Gladiolus un-
der common cultivation, together with the slight first cost of
superior bulbs, always tends to make their culture satisfactory.
G. Adonis — Light clierry, marked with white.
G. Annatal Levanneur — Brilliant crimson, with maroon and
azure.
G. Antonius — Cherry color, tinged with orange.
G. Aristole — Rosy lilac, mottled with crimson, yellow and car-
mine.
G. Berenice — Eose, streaked with carmine and purple.
G. Brenclileyensis — Deep vermilion scarlet; fine.
G. Chas. Dickens — Delicate rose, blazed with crimson rose.
G. Coiu^anti Fulgens — Brilliant crimson, with yellow.
G. Daj)hne — Light cherry, with darker stripes, stained with car-
mine.
G. De Audry — Brilliant.
G. Don Juan — Rich, fiery orange, with darker marks and
blotches.
G. Emma — Clear, deep carmine; dwarf,
G. Eugene Verdier — Rich carmine, w^ith deep crimson spots.
G. Faiiny Bouguet— Uosj ^esh color, with carmine stripe | excel-
lent.
G. Galathea— Fine pinkish white, with carmine spots and stains.
G. Gandavensis—'Red, marked with yellow, amaranth stripe.
G. Gem— 'Rosy lilac, slightly penciled with carmine and yellow.
G. Hercules — Fawn and scarlet, with yellow.
G. John Bull— White, slightly tinged with lilac, and sometimes
of pinkish color; large and excellent.
G. Lelia — Peach blossom, stained lilac.
G. Lord Byron — Brilliant scarlet, stained with pure white.
G. Madame de Vatry — White, with violet crimson tint.
G. Madame Her cinque — White, yellow and rosy violet; marbled.
G. Madame Hocquin — Blotched and marbled scarlet.
G, Madame La Fehre—lAg\\t pink and rose.
G. Madame Victor Verdier — Scarlet and rose, with violet spots.
THE HOME FLORIST. 22/
G. Mars — Fine form and color.
G. Mazeppa—llo^j orange and red, large yellow stems; late.
G. Meteor — Dark brilliant red with wliite stains.
G. Meyerbeer— Very brilliant light red, blazed with vermilion,
amaranth stain; superb.
G. Mons. Fmc7i07i — Light salmon red.
G. Nemesis —Rosy scarlet, with yellow and jDurple.
G. Ninon de Endor — Fine rose, flushed with carmine.
G. Os/ris— Purplish rose, with dark blotches.
G. Pallas — Bright rose, shaded with orange.
G. Princess de Montrague — Brilliant red ; dwarf.
G. Princess of TFaZes— White, blazed with carminate rose.
G. Princess Fred. William— Flesh color, lightly streaked.
G. Proserpine— Rosy white, marked with deep rose and crimson.
G. Rembrandt — Bright scarlet.
G. Stuart Bow — Violet rose, stained deep rose.
G. Urania— White, blazed with carminate rose.
G. Vesta — "White, shaded and marked with carmine pink.
G. Victoria— Rosy red, with a shght white centre.
GLOXINIAS (Tender Bulb).
These are among the handsomest of our summer-blooming
greenhouse plants, the rich and varied coloring of the flowers
being beautiful in the extreme: flowers 2 inches long by U inches
in diameter; upright and pendulous; colors crimson, violet, rose,
scarlet, white etc. The bulbs siaould be started in April, and af-
ter blooming all summer, require a season of rest. This can be
given by gradually withholdin g water from them. After they are
dried off, tliey may be kept in a warm, dry cellar or under the
stage of a greenhouse.
GNAPHALIXJM LANATUM (Greenhouse Perennial, 33. 45, 90°).
A white-leaved plant, of spreading habit, about one foot high;
well adapted for the front lines of ribbon beds, also suitable for
use in baskets and vases; propagated from cuttings.
GODETIA (Rardy Annual).
Annuals of good quality, readily grown from seed^ which may
be sown where they are to flower. They thrive in any garden
soil, and bloom nearly the entire season.
228 THE HOME FLORIST.
GOLDFUSSIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 90°).
Natives of India, shrubs -with dark green leaves, and spikes of
very pretty funnel-shaped flowers, blooming most of the
winter in moderate heat and moisture. In good friable soil they
will grow luxuriantly ; propagated from cuttings.
G. anisophylla — Flowers pale lilac, and very abundant.
GOMPHRENA— English Clover {Half Hardy Annual).
An indispensable class of everlasting flowers, with colors as
brilliant and showy as any belonging to this interesting group.
Aside from the desirable quality in the flowers of drying and re-
taining their forms and colors for years, they are highly useful as
summer decorative plants. For this purpose they may be planted
singly in the border, or used for massing and ribboning, on ac-
count of their free-flowering habit. The flowers are also useful
in their fresh state for summer cutting. The colors are white,
flesh-color, dark purplish crimson, and orange. Sow the seed in
a hot-bed or window-box, quite early, and transplant the young
seedlings, the latter part of May, to a foot apart in the garden.
By removing the cottony husk which envelopes the seed, it will
germinate more freely. For drying, do not pick before they are
of full size, which wall be in August or September. Gomphrenas
are also well adapted for pot culture in summer, flowering nearly
as freely in this way as in the open ground; for this purpose the
soil should be rich, and no lack of water allow^ed at any time.
GOLD DUST SHRUB— AucuBA Japonica {Greenhouse Peren-
nial, 30, 45, 85°).
A beautiful pot plant, prized for its attractive foliage; the
leaves, of which are large, smooth, and of a deep green color,
exquisitely blotched or speckled with golden yellow. The
plant is almost hardy, and will thrive under the most ordinary
treatment; very desirable in the window, conservatory or for
summer decoration in pots.
GRASSES FOR DRYING {Annuals and Biennials).
These seed-grown grasses, though, of course, not brilliant as re-
gards colors, are always interesting in the garden and not unde-
sirable for cutting with flowers in summer. But, it is for their
use with the everlasting flowers for the formation of winter
THE HOME FLORIST. 229
bouquets, wreaths and other ornaments that they are particularly
valuable. For this purpose they should be cut in a green state
and dried in the shade.
G. Agrostis nebulosa — Is a most elegant, ornamental grass; fine
feathery and very delicate.
O Briza maxima — Is one of the best of the ornamental grasses;
perfectly hardy; sow in the open ground any time in the
spring.
G. Briza minor — Is very small and pretty; sow early.
G. Bromus brizaformis—ls much like Briza Maxima, but is only
useful the second summer after sowing.
G. Coix Lachryma (Job's Tears) — This plant is of no value for
drying to be used in the formation of winter bouquets, but
is grown for its wonderful bead-like seeds. These appear
to be as hard as glass, possessing a glazed surface, and each
seed is naturally punctured with a hole, which admits of
their being strung like beads ; not brilliant, but interesting
and easily grown.
G. Lagurus ovatus (Hare's Tail Grass) — Has a showy head; ex-
cellent.
G. Stipa pennata (Feather Grass) — A most useful and exceed-
ingly graceful and handsome grass for winter bouquets,
flowering the second season. Wherever the seed is sown
the rows should be distinctly labeled, for the growth so
nearly resembles ordinary grass that it would be in dan-
ger of being weeded out, unless guarded by such means.
GYMNOSTACHYUM (Greenhouse Perennial, 38, 55, 90').
Beautiful pot plants for the conservatory or for fernery culture
in the window, with smooth leaves; richly painted with reticula-
tions, which vary from red to rich pink and white, on a deep
green ground. A warm, damp, shady place suits them best.
Propagated from cuttings.
G. argijronera — Distinctly veined with wiiite; creeping habit.
G. gigantea — Strong grower, veined with pink; creeping habit.
G. Verschaffelti — Beautiful, veined with red; creeping habit.
GYNERIUM ARGENTEUM— Pampas Grass. {Half-Hardy
Perennial).
A highly ornamental reed-like grass from South America,
attaining a height of six or seven feet, with magnificent plumes
230 THE HOME FLORIST.
of white flowers, measuring from one to two feet in length;
excellent for massing in lawns, where it presents a noble appear-
ance. Its roots can be preserved through the winter bj keeping
in a cellar or cold frame. Propagated by division.
GYPSOPHILA {Hardy Annual and Perennials).
Free-flowering, graceful, little plants for the garden. Readily-
grown from the seed, and bears very small, rose-colored flowers
on delicate stems, which present an exceedingly light and airy
appearance, somewhat resembling the seeds of grasses.
HABROTHAMNUS {Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 85°).
The following graceful species are greenhouse plants of easy
cultivation. They may be trained as vines or as small ti'ees.
Grow in fibrous loam and a little sand; they are among the gay-
est of shrubs, with their panicles of red and purple flowers, which
are borne in profusion. Propagated from cuttings: H. elegans,
flowers bright carmine or purpk ; H. coccineus, bright scarlet,
tassel-like flowers. Both varieties are good winter bloomers.
HANGING BASKET, VASE AND TRELLIS PLANTS. Select
list, page 40.
HEDERA. See Ivy.
HELIANTHUS— Sun Flower {Hardy Annual).
A well-known genus of rather coarse, large flowering plants for
the garden, which can be rendered useful in mixed collections of
tall growing Ricinus, Cannas, etc., in beds in the back-ground.
There are double and single varieties, all of which may be grown
with the greatest ease by sowing the seed where they are to
bloom. There are also some hardy perennial species.
HELICHRYSUM— Everlasting Flower {Hardy Annual).
Everlasting flowers of great merit for winter bouquets and
other indoor decorations, as well as for their beauty in the flower
garden in the summer. There are several beautiful and even
brilliant colors and shades, including dark purple, yellow, orange,
white, bright rose, etc. Some of the colors are not common to
the other families of everlastings. The flowers also being very
double, should not be overlooked by the cultivator who is seeking
good kinds for drying. Cut the flowers before they are fully
THE HOME FLORIST. 23 I
expanded, and also cure some of the buds, which make up beau-
tifully, and are desirable for variety. The young plants trans-
plant readily; the seed may be sown in the hot-bed or in the
house in April, afterwards setting the seedlings out at a distance
of a foot apart.
HELIOTROPE {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 85°).
This is an important plant either for pot culture or bedding
out. The flowers, which are freely produced, are prized for
their delicate colors, they being colors that are rare among choice
flowers -but, above all, for their delicious, vanilla-like odor,
which has given to the plant a great reputation among fra-
grant flowers. The plants make a rapid growth in the open air
and bear an immense number of flowers until frost. For winter
blooming in the window or conservatory it is best to start with
young plants of the spring previous, or some propagated from
young shoots in May or June. Such will make strong plants by
the first of October, provided they have been brought along in
rich soil, and have never become badly pot- bound before receiving
a shift into larger pots; and always amply supplied with water.
For winter flowers the Heliotrope should be given the most sunny
exposure that can be afforded, providing it is sufficiently warm,
as they will not thrive in much shade. Wach the foliage occa-
sionally and see that no red spider attacks the plants. The soil
should contain a small portion of sand. The Heliotrope can be
grown to a great age by training the shoots to a trellis,^kit its
culture is more satisfactory, with plants that are renewed each
year, and then keeping them bushy, by pinching back.
H. B. Pfitzer — Lavender rose, shaded.
H. Cardinal Richelieu — Bright bluish lavender.
H. Caroline des Antoines — Lilac-blue.
H. Chieftain — Light blue; exceedingly flne.
H. Due de Lavendary — Rich blue, dark eye.
H. Florence Nightingale— lAght lavender.
H. Incomparable — Light; very fragrant.
H. Juliette — Dark violet; the darkest sort.
H. Mrs. Burgess — Deep lilac.
H. S7101V Wi^eath — Pure white; fragrant; the best of its color.
H. Swanley Giant— The color might be termed a carmine rose.
The size of the truss is immense, often measuring ten
inches in diameter, and of the most exquisite fragrance.
232 ' THE HOME FLORIST.
HELIPTERUM SANFORDII {Tender Annual).
A choice and distinct everlasting flower, growing less than one
foot in height, with large, globular clusters of bright golden yel-
low, star-like flowers, which, individually, are of small size.
Very desirable for winter bouquets, and cutting fresh in summer.
Sow in heat and transplant to the garden after all danger of frost.
HESPEEIS MATEONALIS ALBA PLENO {Hardy Herbaceous
Perenyiial).
A fine, hardy, herbaceous plant, with spikes of clear, double
white flowers a foot long, produced in early summer, and which
are highly esteemed for their fragrance and beauty.
HETEROCENTRON {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 45, 90°).
A genus of vigorous growing, free blooming plants of easy cul-
tivation ; they also bed out in the open air with equal facility.
Pot in good, light, fibrous soil, with plenty of drainage ; they are
a fine class of winter blooming plants; propagated by cuttings.
H. album — Long racemes of white flowers, produced freely.
H. roseum — Color of the flowers pale rose ; a valuable plant.
HIBISCUS {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90").
The Chinese Hibiscus are among our most gaudy sub-tropical
shrubs, with very glossy foliage. They can be grown in tubs and
kept for years by wintering over in a warm dry cellar or pit, or
by placing them in a greenhouse at that season will well repay
the little care bestowed on them in return for the profusion of
brilliant bloom they will bear. They are also admirably adapted
for bedding in the open border during summer, and under the
hottest sun will produce gorgeously colored flowers of enormous
size, averaging five or six inches in diameter. They make noble
specimen plants and are easily propagated from cuttings.
H. auranticum plena —Double orange, salmon flowers.
H. Cooperi tricolor — Foliage beautifully variegated with dark
green, pink and white; flowers crimson.
H. Collerii — A remarkably new distinct variety, introduced from
the South Sea Islands. Flowers buff yellow, with a crim-
son scarlet base, and particularly handsome.
H. Denisoni-rosea — Large single flowers; clear, transparent rose,
changing to pure white.
THE HOME FLORIST.
233
Hibiscus.
H. grandiflorus — Rich glossy foliage, blooming profusely through
the summer, literally covering the plant with scarlet-crim-
son single flowers.
H. miniatus semi-plena — The finest and most brilliant, semi-dou-
ble vermilion scarlet flowers; petals waved and recurved
and very handsome.
H. magnificus — Very large flower and of perfect form ; color deep
magenta, ends of the petals touched with brown; foliage
finely toothed.
H. rosa sinensis — Flowers red and very large, averaging nearly
five inches in diameter.
H. rvbra plena — A magnificent double variety, with large red
flow^ers.
H. Schizojjetalus— Flowers drooping, with reflected orange-red
laciniated petals ; a curious and valuable variety.
H. sub-violaceous — Flowers enormous ; semi-double, clear car-
mine, tinted with violet ; probably the largest flower in the
Hibiscus (Chinensis) family, and an unusually free bloomer.
It is a pleasure to recommend this fine plant.
234 THE HOME FLORIST.
H. versicolor — A variety combining in its flowers all colors of the
whole family, being handsomely striped, crimson, buff
rose and white.
H. zebrinus —Double, outer petals scarlet, edged w^th yellow ;
inner petals very irregular, curiously variegated, with
creamy-yellow and scarlet.
HOLLYHOCK {Hardy Herbaeous Perennial).
A well-known and splendid hardy plant for the garden, rank-
ing with the Dahlia for summer decoration, and, from its stately
growth and the varied colors of its magnificent spikes of flowers,
may justly demand a place in every collection wdiere suitable sit-
uations for its tall growth are found. It may be perpetuated
from the seed, or by dividing the roots. The plants flower the
second year, from seed sown in the spring or before the first of
September. To increase it by division, the stalks should be cut
down in August, afterwards dividing the roots with a sharp
knife. They are impatient of a wet soil and will winter badly
unless grown where it is dry, a well drained light rich soil being
best suited to them.
HONEYSUCKLE— Woodbine Lonicera (Hardy Climber).
The Honeysuckles are among the most desirable of all our hard
climbers. Certain it is that the associations connected with the
fragrant Honeysuckle will make them always popular. Among
flowers none are more classic in flower-lore. For real home vines,
to be near you, clambering over your windows and doorways,
there is nothing prettier or more desirable than fine, sweet-scented
Honeysuckles ; the foliage is pretty, neat and clean, the flowers
almost continuous and their fragrance delicious. Propagated
from cuttings.
H, Chinese Evergreen — This variety blooms nearly all the season
and is deliciously fragrant ; flowers buff-yellow and white;
retains its foliage during winter, making it very desirable.
H, Aurea reticulata or Golden-Leaved Honeysuckle — A variety
with beautiful variegated foliage; the leaves are netted and
veined with clear yellow, flowers yellow and fragrant.
This variety is somewhat tender and requires slight pro-i
tection.
THE HOME FLORIST. 235
H. HaUiana—{E.silVs Japan)— This species is the most constant
bloomer of the class, being literally covered all summer
with its beautiful yellow and white flowers, which are very
fragrant.
H. Bed Coral or Scarlet Trumpet— This is the old well-known
variety ; it is a rapid grower, the flowers are bright red and
trumpet-shaped.
H. European Sweet-scented (Belgian) — A flue hardy grower; flow-
ers large and exceedingly sweet; color bluff, yellow and
red; a constant bloomer; the finest Honeysuckle; suitable
for trellis or pillar.
H. Yellow Trumpet (flava) — A fine grower, yellow flowers.
HOYA CARNOSA— Wax Plant {Greenhouse Perennial, 35,
50, 90=).
A pot plant of climbing habit, with finely fprmed, thick, waxy
foliage, and well adapted to window and conservatory cul-
ture. The flowers, which are produced in clusters, have a pearly,
wax-like appearance, and are star-shaped, with a pink or crimson
center. The plants are of easy culture and continue to increase
in beauty for years if provided with suitable trellis for support.
The Hoya does not require much water, when growing in the
window, it should have its foliage cleaned of accumulating dust
occasionally. There is also a variegated variety; foliage deep
green, broadly bordered and margined with pink and pure white.
Both varieties easily propagated from cuttings.
HYACINTH {Hardy Bulb).
The Hyacinth is a well-known genus of those hardy bulbs that
are planted in the fall and which flower early in the spring. In
common with the Tulip, Crocus, etc., it is adapted for winter
flowering in the window or conservatory, and is preferred above
all other bulbs for such purposes. The flowers are very fragrant,
of beautiful forms, both double and single, possess attractive col-
ors, and remain beautiful for a great length of time, either wlieu
forced or in the open air. In the garden they should be planted
six or eight inches apart and four inches deep. On pages 32 and
52 will be found directions for cultivating the Hyacinth, and
other bulbs of similar requirments, in the garden and in pots for
winter blooming.
236
THE HOME FLORIST.
Hyacinth,
HYDRANGEA {Greenhouse Perennial and Hardy Shrub, 32,
45, 80°).
A species of woody shrubs, generally hardy throughout the
Middle States when protected, with the exception of Paniculata
grandiflora, which is perfectly hardy. They do the best in a
cool, moist and shady situation; propagated by cuttings.
H. Hortensis variegata — Is a somewhat rare and beautiful variety
of the preceding, with the foliage distinctly blotched with
clear white upon green. It is readily gro\^'n and forms one
of the most delightful variegated house plants which can
be cultivated.
THE HOME FLORIST. 23/
H. Hortensis -Is a well-known pot plant, and much esteemed for
its great profusion of elegant but monstrous flower-heads,
which pass in rotation through several shades of pink col-
ors, and remain upon the plant for months. The plants
succeed rather better in a shady place than where it is
sunny, on which account they are valuable for house cul-
ture. The pot plants require a plentiful supply of water
during their season of growth and flowering. Being toler-
ably hardy, in the Southern States it maybe planted in the
open air and remain out during winter with protection,
and here it will flower profusely from June to October.
H. Thomas Hogg — The immense trusses of flowers are first
slightly tinged with green, becoming of the purest white
and remaining so a long time; the florets are of good sub-
stance and of fine texture, making them very desirable for
decorative purposes; the clusters, wiien well grown, are
very large, being from twelve to eighteen inches across.
H. Schizophragma hydrangeoides (New Climbing)— A new vari-
ety from Japan. Mr. Thomas Hogg describes it as grow-
ing in its native wilds to the height of fifty feet, producing
corymbs of white flowers similar to the ordinary Hydran-
gea. It climbs exactly like Ivy, and one can imagine the
effect of a wall or a tree so covered while in full bloom.
Eeported to be perfectly hardy.
H. paniculata grandijlora— This is one of the most valuable
hardy shrubs in cultivation. It attains a height of three or
four feet, and is perfectly hardy in all parts of uhe country.
The flowers are white, borne in immense pyramidal pani-
cles nearly a foot in length. The plants should be cut back
every Spring at least one-half of the last season's growth,
as the flowers are borne on new wood and are much finer
when the plants are treated in this way. Fine for cemetery
decoration.
H. Otaksa — A splendid variety from Japan. Flowers large,
bright pink, tinted with blue; produced very freely.
ICE PLANT. (See Mesembryanthemum.)
IBERIS. (See Candytuft.)
IMPATIENS SULTANI {Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 55, 90°).
This is one of the most distinct and beautiful of -all flowering
plants of recent introduction, either as a winter-blooming
238 THE HOME FLORIST.
pot-plant, or for bedding in the border in the summer. It is of a
compact neat habit of growth, with good constitution, and a per-
petual bloomer; the flowers are of a brilliant rosj'-scarlet color, of a,
peculiarly distinct but most effective hue, about one and a half
inches in diameter, and are produced singly or in twos and threes
from the axils of the leaves, especially toward the summit of the
stems, but so freely that a well-grown specimen appears to be
quite a ball of flowers. It propagates by cuttings.
JPOMCEA (Tender Annual).
A splendid family of climbers, with which the Morning Glory
is classed by some, although all the varieties, besides, are more
tender than this well-known climber. Our seasons are rather
short in the North to derive great satisfaction from the tender
kinds, unless they are brought forward in heat. By sowing the
seed in March or April and cultivating in pots, or transplanting,
with great care, to a sheltered situation in the ground after June
first, they will amply repay all the care bestowed upon them, and
will, by this means, flower profusely until frosts. There will be
little use of sowing tlie seeds in the open ground before the last
of May, as the soil must be warm to enable them to germinate.
The seeds are hard, and previous to sowing should be soaked in
boiling water, and allowed to remain until the water is cold. The
Ipomoeas are very desirable plants for cultivation in pots for con-
servatory decoration. Under any circumstances, they require a
soil well enriched with rotten manure.
I. coccinea (Star Ipomoea) — Is a handsome variety of free
growth and profuse blooming habits, especially after mild
summer. The product consists of small, bright scarlet
flowers that are very attractive. This species does quite
well ordinarily, by sowing in the open ground, towards the
end of May.
I. hederacea grandiflora — Includes several beautiful varieties,
with flowers somewhat similar to the Morning Glory, but
much larger and of the most delicate colors, such as light
blue, blue with a white edge, blue with a purple center,
white with pink center, and white shaded with purplish
red. They are exceedingly handsome and w^ell repay the
care necessary to rear them.
THE HOME FLORIST. 239
I. Quamoclit (Cypress Vioe) — Is an exceedingly beautiful variety,
that, for elegance of foliage, gracefulness of habit, and
loveliness of flowers, is without a rival among annual
climbing plants, but it is quite tender. There are varieties
with scarlet, white and rose-colored flowers, all of which
open in the morning, aud contrast delightfully with the
rich green, delicately cut foliage.
IPOMCEA {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 80°).
I. Mortonii — A valuable vine or creeper, well suited either for
climbing on trellis work or drooj)ing over the sides of bas-
kets or vases; flowers pinkish lilac.
L noctijJhiton (Evening Glory, or j\Ioon Flower) — As a climber of
rapid growth to cover arbors, verandas, old decayed trees
or walls, it has no superior. Its flowers are pure white,
five inches in diameter, moon-like and as they expand at
night have a striking effect : both of the greenhouse varie-
ties are propagated by cuttings.
IRIS — Flower de Luce {Bulbous Hardy Perennials).
Garden plants of elegant habit and beautiful flowers, compris-
ing several divisions— those most commonly met with being the
English and Spa7iish Iris, which are bulbous, and the German
Iris, w^hich are the well-known hardy, tuberous perennials, gen-
erally going by the name of Flag Lily, and which thrive in any
garden soil.
English and Spanish Iris. — This division includes numerous
varieties, flovvering in June, which embrace the most delicate
shades of light and dark blue, brown, purple, yellow, white and
variously striped and spotted flowers of exceedingly handsome
appearance. The bulbs should be planted in the Autumn, with
Hyacinths, Tulips and other hardy bulbs (see directions, page 32),
and need not be taken up oftener than once in three years. These
are also desirable for pot culture in winter (see ' ' Culture of Hya-
cinths and other Hardy Bulbs for Winter Decoration," page 52).
The English varieties are of more robust habits than the Spanish,
but in other respects quite similar.
German Iris.— These are valuable plants for the garden, being
of the easiest culture in any soil, and producing many beautiful
flowers in the Spring. There are numerous varieties, of almost
as many colors and shades, including yellow, blue, purple, white
240
THE HOME FLORIST.
and salmon — some distinctly of one color, and others striped,
spotted and tipped with various colors. The tubers grow rapidly
and should be taken up once every three or four years, and be
re-set.
ISOLEPSIS GRACILIS {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 55, 85°).
A small genus of very pretty, low-growing, fine, rush-like
grasses; they are peculiarly adapted for hanging baskets, vases,
window boxes, etc. One variety is plain green, and another sort
is green with a bluish or white caste, which makes it very effec-
tive; increased by division.
IVY — Hedera {Hardy and Tender Perennials).
Sometimes I think the reason
why Ivies are not grown in
every house is, because ama-
teurs have not all become ac-
quainted with their perfect
adaptability to house culture.
In the first place the Ivy natur-
ally delights in a situation, par-
tially or wlioUy shaded from
the sun, which allows of its be-
ing grown or trained in any
part of the room, and at a dis-
tance from the w^indow. Then
again, wholly unlike most
plants, the Ivies are not at all
particular as regards tempera-
ture, or whether the atmos-
Jvy. phere is dry or damp. Frosts
do not affect the plants as they are evergreen, and all the varie-
ties are nearly, some quite hardy in the latitude of Buffalo, while
on the other hand, they will all bear 75^ or upwards of heat with
imj)unity. The plant requires but little attention, is exception-
ally free of insects and would continue to thrive for a long time
under neglect that would kill most other plants outright. It is
true the Ivy ordinarily bears no flowers, but the foliage presents
a remarkably bright and glossy appearance, and is of an attrac-
tive green color, except where variegated or blotched; besides in
THE HOME FLORIST. 24I
the different varieties numerous distinct and interesting forms
and variegations exist permanently, on which account we do not
mind the lack in this respect. The Ivy is a very tractable climber
and if planted in a large-sized pot and is kept in the jDarlor or
sitting-room, it may be trained to cover the side of the room or
ceiling, festoon a pillar, climb and train about a window sill, or
u^> a wire screen or trellis, and endless other uses. It is also un-
equaled as a climber or drooper for hanging baskets. As a rule,
the variegated varieties are of slower growth than the others,
and not so good for planting where a large space is to be covered
with foliage, but for pot culture they are excellent. Propagate
easily from cuttings or by layers.
H, bicolor — A variety of free growth, the leaves edged with sil-
very white.
H. canariensis (English Ivy) — An excellent variety for cultiva-
tion in the house, being a free grower and very beautiful.
H. canariensis marinarata — Very similar to the above, except
that the foliage is distinctly marbled with silvery white and
yellow; vigorous.
H. chrysocarpa — Exceedingly pretty, with narrow, elongated
leaves; a handsome and free grower.
H. folia picta — Leaves clearly blotched with golden yellow.
H. gracilis — A slender, rapid-growing variety, with attractive
narrow-lobed leaves; by pinching back the ends of shoots,
to induce a dense growth, it forms a beautiful pot plant
without a trellis; also superior as a drooper in baskets, etc.
M. Helix (Irish Ivy) — The hardiest of all Ivies; leaf similar to
Canariensis; will thrive unprotected in the North, if planted
where the sun in winter cannot strike it.
H. japonica argentea— Silver margined Japanese; distinct.
H. latifolia, macidata — A free-growing variety, marbled and
blotched in a very attractive manner.
H. marginata Cullissi — Cullis' silver margined; very fine.
H. marginata elegantissima — Margined with light yellow.
H. palmata (Pa,\m-\eB,t Ivy) — An attractive and interesting Ivy,
with beautifully defined foliage.
H. poetica (Poet's Ivy) — A handsome variety, of beautiful form
of leaf and growth.
H. regneriana — Very large leaves of roundish outline and massive
growth.
H. rJiomha variegata — Silver margined, distinct and beautiful.
24:2 THE HOME FLORIST.
H. conglomerata — A very curious dwarf form of fan-like grow^th;
small crested; erect foliage.
IVY PARLOR, OR GERMAN. See Senecio.
IXORA (Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90°).
Among our most splendid flowering plants, requiring a high
temperature and moist atmosphere. Care must be taken to keep
them free from injurious insects, as they are very liable to the at-
tacks of mealy bug and scale. Pot in good strong peat, fibrous
loam and a little saiid. Shade and water must never be neglected.
They produce their handsome flowers in corymbs of a variety of
colors; should be more generally grown; propagated from cuttings.
I. blanda — Very conspicuous scarlet flowers.
I. coccinea superba — Large heads of orange scarlet flowers.
I. Frazeri — Light orange scarlet; elegant.
I. princeps — Bright scarlet; brilliant.
I. regina — Rich violet-salmon color; large trusses.
JAPANESE STRIPED MAIZE {Tender Annual),
A plant closely allied and quite similar to the common Indian
Corn, the foliage of which is beautifully ytriped throughout its
entire length with white of various widths, rendering the plant
very effective when grouped with Cannas, Helianthus, Holly-
hocks, Ricinus, etc. , or if planted in ribbon lines. May be started
in pots about May 1st, or planted where wanted several weeks
later. The plant retains its attractiveness for a long time, as it
does not tassel and seed as freely as the common Maize or Indian
Corn.
JASMINE OR Jessamine {Greenhouse Perennial and Hardy
Shrub, 35, 50, 85°).
The Jasmine is a favorite greenhouse or house plant everywhere
north, while in the south it is perfectly hardy. It is the idol of
the poets and one of the sweetest flowers. Among the species are
found equally desirable subjects for decorating the greenhouse
and the out-door border, combining in every instance freedom
and elegance w^ith the most delicious fragrance; propagates from
cuttings.
THE HOME FLORIST.
243
Jasmine, or Gardenia.
J. Radicals — A narrow-leaved variety of the Cape Jasmine; very
fragrant double white flowers.
J. hirsiitum — Produces its pure white flowers in great abund-
ance ; very fragrant.
244 THE HOME FLORIST.
J. grandiflorum (Catalonian Jasmine) — A plant for pot culture;
of climbing habit, with delicately cut foliage, and which is
much esteemed for the fragrance of its pure white single
flowers. Fine for winter flowering in a warm light window
or in the conservatory; it can be trained to a stake or
trellis, or be planted for twining up pillars. The soil in
which it is grown should be loose and of a fertile character.
J". Maid of Orleans — Very large, creamy white, fragrant flowers.
J. Grand Duke of Tuscany —The finest of all double Jasmines for
scent, wdiich is quite distinct from any other flower; blos-
soms very white and double, resembling white roses, and in
flower a long time.
J. poetica — Similar to the Catalonian Jessamine; flowers smaller,
but borne on larger spikes. The leaves are larger, and it is
a stronger grower; makes a most valuable climbing plant,
though, if desired, it can be grown in bush form; fragrant.
J, revolutum — A yellow-flowered Jessamine, growing rapidly to
the height of from ten to twenty feet. A splendid plant
for the Southern States, as it is hardy south of Maryland;
very fragrant.
J. midtiflorum — The flowers, which are pure white, are borne in
clusters. It flowers freely, and as a house plant it is un-
equaled, blooming constantly from early fall until summer.
It requires plenty of light and will thrive in considerable
heat, making fine specimens and producing thousands of
flowers.
J. nudiflorum — Hardy, blooming very early; yellow flowers.
J. officinale — Flowers pure white and quite fragrant ; it grows
from four to six feet in height. The common white Jasmine
of our gardens.
J. Sambac — Very double, white; very fragrant; hot-house plants.
J. frutescens — A hardy shrub, yellow flowers, slender shoots;
very free blooming.
J. Gracillimum (New) — Exceedingly floriferous; a flowering
shoot is produced from every joint, which terminates in a
dense cluster of pure white fragrant flowers, blooming from
October to February.
J. trifoliata — An improved variety of the Grand Duke Jasmine
style; very free bloomer, very fragrant and double white.
THE HOME FLORIST. 245
CAPE JASMINE— Gardenia Florida.
Well known for its delicious fragrance and the beauty of its
flowers, which are white and double; shajDed like miniature
Camellias.
JONQUIL. (See Narcissus.)
JUSTICIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90°).
An upright growing pot-plant of free growth, crowned with
terminal spikes of flowers nearly the whole year. The plants are
easily grown in any soil, but should be well drained with pot-
sherds or gravel, and there should be abundant pot room; propa-
gated from cuttings.
J. carnea — Produces beautiful spikes of a rosy-pink color.
J. hydrangoides — Large flowers; lilac and white.
J. sanguinea — Large spikes of a beautiful dark red.
KENILWORTH IVY. (See Linaria.)
KLEINIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 45, 80°).
A genus of African succulents, with fleshy stems and thick
candelabra-like branches; fine for ornamental gardening. They
love heat and dislike dampness. Pot in peaty rough loam and
sand; propagate from cuttings.
K. articulata or Candle Plant— A dwarf, glaucous, bluish-green
plant; a great curiosity.
LADY'S EAR DROP. (See Fuchsia.)
LAGERSTRCEMIA or CRAPE MYRTLE (Greenhouse Perennial,
33, 45, 85°).
Neat woody shrubs bearing elegant flowers during Summer.
They need the protection of a cool greenhouse or even cellar dur-
ing winter. Use sandy loam and some peat. Propagated from
cuttings.
L. Indica — A neat little tree bearing exquisitely fringed pink
flowers. Petals curiously curved.
L. Indica Alba—Ssmie as above, but white flowers.
LANTANA (Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90°).
These desirable plants are annually growing in favor, both for
bedding purposes and pot culture. They are of robust gro^^-th,
146 THE HOME FLORIST.
and profuse blooming habits, with flowers of good colors, which
qualities, together, render them worthy of a place in every col-
lection. The flowers, while somewhat resembling those of the
Verbena, are produced on shrub-like plants, and present the
most delicate shades of orange, sulphur, creamy white, and
other colors which are not found in that plant. The flowers of
the Lautana are also interesting from the fact of their changing
from one distinct color to another on the same plant, as they
develop. In the house they should be placed in a light, warm
place; are particularly useful for wirdow culture, as they will
thrive in a dryer atmosphere than most plants will stand. By
proper pruning, the plants may be grown to handsome shapes.
Propagate easily from cuttings.
L. alba perfecta -Pure white; very fine.
L. Comtesse de Biencoui^t — Flowers bright rose and yellow; center
sulphur, dwarf and bush}^
L. La Bluer d' Or — Small, pure yellow flowers; very dwarf and
bushy; very abundant bloomer.
L. Michael Schmidt— Flowers fresh and sparkling, of a brilliant
yellow, passing into purple vermilion.
L. Toison d^Or — Very free flowering ; deep chrome yellow.
changing to purplish-red.
L. il^fine d' Or —A new variety; orange and crimson flowers, and
golden variegated foliage.
L. Binocence— Dwarf; light sulphur, changing to pure white.
L. Le Pa/ rio^e— Brilliant yellow, with flery center, changing to a
dark scarlet; very beautiful.
L. Jacques Minot— Orange, changing to bright orange-yellow ;
always in bloom.
L. Triomphe de Commerce — Bronzy-yellow; red center, tinted
with lilac; very dwarf, and an excellent variety.
L. Giselle— Very large flowers; rich purple rose, and light yellow
center.
L. Reveil Pure white, golden-yellow center; very large trusses
and flowers.
L. Marechal MacMahon — The very finest Lantana ever raised;
trusses as large as those of Verbenas; flowers bright crim-
son and gold.
L. Golconda—fsaflron, changing to soft orange; very distinct.
L. Diademe — Rose color, sometimes shaded with yellow in the
center; delicate and distinct.
THE HOME FLORIST. 247
jL. Don Calmet — Lilac, orange center.
L. Lalis — Small white flowers ; wonderfully free ; of strong
growth.
L. Californie — Very dwarf, seldom growing more than six or
eight inches high; flowers dark rich yellow.
L. Janus — Deep yellow, passing into rose.
L. delicatissima — A fine old variety; lilac white eye; one of the
best.
LAVENDULA CRISTATA (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 90°).
A neat, compact, pot and bedding plant, also useful in baskets,
vases, etc., of the easiest culture. The leaves are of an ashy
green, an inch long, nearly round, of a singularly notched appear-
ance, seeming to have been shaped in a mould. Propagates
from cuttings.
LARKSPUR. (See Delphinium.)
LAURESTINUS (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 50, 90°).
A shrubby perennial for pot culture, that blooms freely only in
the winter and spring. The flowers are pure white, produced in
large flattened panicles, and are universally esteemed. The foli-
age is deep green, smooth and of pretty form. It is quite hardy,
and in the South will stand the winters with slight protection.
The plant always assumes a handsome form, and is seldom
troubled with insects. In summer the pots should be moved to
the open air. Propagated by cuttings.
LEMON. (See Orange and Lemon.)
LEMON VERBENA. (See Aloysia Citriodora.)
LEPTOSIPHON (Hardy Annual).
A charming class of free-blooming annuals of the easiest cul-
ture from seed. They are of bushy growth and produce an
abundance of small flowers of remarkably distinct colors. Sow
the seed where they are to bloom early in the spring, or it may be
done the fall previous.
L. Aureus -Is less than six inches high and spreads to the width
of one foot. Very handsome as an edging plant, being
covered with a profusion of exceedingly pretty, little yel-
low flowers with dark centers, which give them a singularly
rich appearance.
248 THE HOME FLORIST.
L. densiflorus albus— One foot high, pure white; very useful for
loose bouquets. There is also a rosy lilac variety similar to
this, but being of less desirable color is not so greatly
esteemed.
L. hybridits — French hybrids of pretty appearance, which
embrace yellow, orange, rose, purple and other colors.
LIBONIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45 or 50, 85°).
Neat growing, winter blooming plants, well adapted for the
window shelf or conservatory. The flowers, which are about an
inch in length, are scarlet orange at the base, running into deep
yellow at the top, somewhat similar to the Cigar flower, but
larger. They are produced freely under ordinary circumstances,
and are quite certain of affording pleasure to the cultivator.
The plants are of the easiest culture, any well enriched soil suit-
ing them. A frost among plants of sufficient severity to injure
many, would leave this unharmed. Propagated by cuttings.
L. floribunda — Beautiful yellow and orange-colored bloom.
L. Pe7irhosiensis - - A d warf er form, and lighter colored flowers.
LILAC. (See Syringa.)
LILIUM— Lily {Hardy Perennial Bidh),
The Lilium genus, including the numerous superb species from
Japan, are eminently valuable garden plants, and no collection
can be so limited but that some of the choicer varieties at least
should be included. They possess many desirable qualities, be-
ing, with a few exceptions, perfectly hardy; easy of culture in
any dry soil, continuing to increase in strength and beauty for
many years, and, above all, are of matchless colors. The variety
L. longiflorum affords one of the principal exceptions to their
being entirely hardy, and this one will stand the w^inter well,
with a protection of strawy manure on the roots, applied late in
the fall, after the ground is frozen. Such a covering is desirable
for all the varieties, and especially newly planted ones. Lilies
may be planted either in the fall months or early in the spring.
Avoid applying rank manure to the soil, which is apt to cause a
diseased condition in the bulbs. They should be set deep, the top
of the bulbs not less than six inches below the surface. This is
essential, in order that the roots which support the flowering
shoot, and which being above the bulb, may be fully protected
THE HOME FLORIST.
249
Liliwn Longiflorum.
from the sun in summer. They should be allowed to remain sev-
eral years without resetting, if possible. The various Lilies can
also be cultivated to a great degree of perfection in pots, with
ordinary care.
L. atrosanguineum — Orange red, blotched and marbled.
L. auratum (Golden Banded Japan Lily) — This Lily is of re-
markable size and magnificence, usually measuring nearly
a foot across. It is delicately fragrant, and is composed of
six petals (so called) of ivory whiteness, each thickly stud-
ded with crimson spots, and having a golden band length-
wise through its centre. The plant will succeed in any dry
deep soil, but cannot be considered quite as robust as most
of the other sorts, yet is not very delicate.
L. tigrinuin (Tiger Lily) — A well-known strong growing variety,
the flowers of which are orange spotted with black. A new
variety of tins desirable old sort has been introduced, hav-
ing double flowers.
250 THE HOME FLORIST.
L. candidum — Is the ordinary fragrant White Lily, frequently
found in cultivation. It flowers about the first of July on
stems three or four feet high, and a mass of the plants are
always beheld with admiration. There is a double flower-
ing variety of this sort which, however, w^ill not compare
with the single in point of desirability.
L. lancifolium album, roseum and riibrum — Are introductions
from Japan, of the very highest merit for garden culture.
The three varieties are quite similar in form, tut vary in
color — the former being pure white of great purity and
beauty, but the plant is a little delicate in character. The
two latter varieties are almost alike in appearance, the
flowers being of an ivory white ground, spotted in rose and
red, and quite fragrant. They are hardy and flower in Au-
gust; strong plants producing numerous flowers on stalks
three feet high.
L. longijiorum — Is a snowy white, trumpet-shaped flow^er, five
inches in length. Although a vigorous variety, it should
be treated as being not quite hardy. This variety is per-
haps the best one for forcing to flower in the winter in the
window or conservatory. (See engraving.)
L. Washingtonianum — An interesting species from California and
Oregon. It produces delicately fragrant, pendulous flowers
which are pure w^hite shaded with lilac.
L. tenuifolium — Although not a new variety, this dazzling little
gem is worthy of all praise. It blooms out of doors about
the third week of May, and its graceful wax-like flowers of
a lovely vermilion scarlet, cannot fail to impart unalloyed
pleasure to all lovers of the beautiful in nature. It is easily
grown and perfectly hardy.
L. Harrisii — The great value of this Lily consists in its earliness
and free-blooming qualities, and the superiority of the indi-
vidual flow-er. The flowers are larger than those of L.
longiflorum, and the curled points of the petals give it ad-
ditional beauty; color pure white and very fragrant. This
new Lily has the valuable peculiarity of flowering from
two to four times in succession without rest; a single plant
frequently has as many as 30 flowers on it at one time;
plants have been exhibited with over one hundred blooms;
its height is only 12 to 20 inches.
THE HOME FLORIST.
251
LILY OF THE VALLEY— Conyallaria Majalus {Hardy Per-
ennial).
For a combination of such
charming qualities as elegance,
purity, grace and fragrance in
a small compass, this little
flower is without a true rival
in the garden, and it has been
esteemed as a f a^orite for ages.
The flowers are pure white,
bell shaped, and less than one-
third of an inch across. They
droop gracefully, each on its
own curved stalklet, from the
side of an upright stem six,
and upwards, inches long, sup-
porting a dozen or more of the
flowers. The leaves, which
spring from the root, are, in
themselves most elegant, being
large and smooth, of a luxuri-
ant green, and furnish an ad-
mirable accompaniment to the
flowers in choice floral ar-
rangements. Flowers may be
had easily in the winter in the
window and conservatory, by
taking up and potting clumps
of the roots in the fall, and af-
ter subjecting them to several
severe freezes, bringing them
into a heat of forty- five or fift}'
degrees, in the night-time, and
giving them an abundance of
water. In our large cities much
Lily of the Valley. attention is paid to forcing this
plant in this way, as the flowers are eagerly sought, at remun-
erative prices by lovers of choice flowers during all tlie winter
months. The plants are perfectly hardy and succeed well in
a shady place, in any garden soil, flowering in May and June.
252 THE HOME FLORIST.
They increase rapidly by their slender roots, which spread to a
considerable distance. Altogetlier may be considered one of the
most desirable plants in cultivation.
LINARIA {Hardy Perennial).
Herbaceous plants, of which the well-known yellow Toad-flax
is a type. The following species is a neat little vine wdth numer-
ous small w^hite and lilac flowers. Easily grown in light soil from
seed.
L. cymbalaria (Kenilworth Ivy)— Suitable for baskets, etc.
L. cymbalaria variegata — Same as preceding, but has beautifully
variegated foliage of white green and pink.
LINUM {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85°).
Where yellow flowers are desired in the winter there is no
plant that will give more satisfaction than this one; it is of easy
culture and a constant bloomer, being at times literally covered
with bright yellow.
L. flavum — Bears large yellow flowers which are two inches in
diameter on a bush about one foot in height, of very neat
habit. Propagates from cuttings.
LIVE FOR EVER. (See Sedum.)
LOBELIA {Greenhouse and Hardy Perennials, 33, 45 80°).
The Lobelias are universally admired, and the drooping varie-
ties are used to an extent, probably, second to no other plant in
cultivation, for planting in hanging baskets and similar decora-
tive arrangements. Their graceful, drooping and free blooming
habit renders them especially valuable for such purposes, as
under favorable circumstances, the flowers are produced by hun-
dreds for a long time. They are equally desirable as pot plants,
forming a dense mass of drooping foliage and flowers over the
edge of the pot, in a most pleasing manner. The Lobelias are
among our most suitable plants for window culture, as they
flower quite constantly and do about as well in shady places, as
in the full sun, while their delight in an abundance of moisture in
the soil, is here easily afforded them. When bedded out in a
partially shaded place they flower during the entire season, so
profusely, as to render them very useful, for ribboning or mass-
ing in certain places and where low growing plants are desired.
THE HOME FLORIST. 253
This is especially true in a wet season, or if the soil is frequently
watered. The plants propagate from cuttings and seeds.
L. cardinalis (Cardinal Flower)— A splendid, hardy native plant,
of excellent upright habit ; producing spikes of brilliant
scarlet flowers, of a dazzling hue ; excellent either for pot
culture or for bedding.
L. eriims grandis—ljarge blue ; in every way excellent as a
drooper for hanging baskets, vases, etc., or for pot culture.
L. eriniis Paxtonia— Similar to the preceding, but is blue, with
a white eye.
L. Miss Murphy — a neat dwarf grower ; very beautiful, either as
a pot plant or for planting in beds and borders. It grows
to a dense globular tuft, six inches in diameter, and can be
trimmed to any desired shape.
L. alba maxima — Snowy white flowers of drooping spreading
habit.
LONICERA. (See Honeysuckle.)
LOPEZIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 80°).
This is a genus of very handsome plants from Mexico, valu-
able from the fact that they bloom in winter, at which time they
are completely covered with small, bright flowers. Propagated
by cuttings or from seed.
L. rosea — A most profuse and persistent winter-blooming plant;
flowers fine rose color.
L. alba — Same as preceding but bearing white flowers.
LOPHOSPERMUM SCANDENS (Greenhouse Perennial,
35, 50, 85°).
A vine of rapid growth and beautiful dark green foliage, excel-
lent for covering fences or outhouses in summer ; attains a height
of twenty feet. It is also valuable for pot culture, and bears a
profusion of large rosy purple flowers, somewhat in the shape of
Gloxinias. Propagates from cuttings.
LOTUS JACOBEUS (Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 85°).
This is a great curiosity on account of the dark color of the
flowers, which are, perhaps, nearer black than any other flower,
and are produced on a graceful plant, having small foliage.
They are increased from seed.
254 THE HOME FLORIST.
LUPINUS— Lupine {Hardy Annual).
A genus of annuals for the garden that are rather showy, and
which flower until after hard frosts ; in fact the beds will fre-
quently appear at their best late in October and November, after
most of the summer flowers are past their usefulness. Blue,
white and purple are the principal colors, being distinct in some
varieties and intermixed with yellow in others. The seed should
be sown early where they are to bloom.
LYCHNIS {Hardy Perennial).
A useful class of hardy garden and pot plants, of easy culture
and free bloomers, which are throughout, exceedingly showy of
flowers. Some of the varieties are easily grown from seed, flow-
ering the first season if sown early ; others propagate by division
of the roots and still others with difficulty from cuttings. They
delight in a rich soil.
L. Chalcedonica—ls a tall kind, growing two feet in height,
which produces in the variety that is mostly cultivated,
heads of intense light scarlet flowers, and in others white
and flesh-colored flowers respectively. The plants of this
genus may bo propagated from seed or by dividing the
roots early in the spring of alternate years ; succeeds best
if i^rotected during the winter.
L. fimhriata — Has double pink flowers on stalks a foot high ;
very showy and desirable and perfectly hardy.
L. flos ciicidi flore alba pleno (Double White Lychnis)— Is a
valuable summer bloomer in flower from the middle of
June until October ; flowers pure white, somewhat re-
sembling a Carnation ; very highly esteemed by cultiva-
tors. Should be protected by a covering of straw or leaves
at the opening of winter.
L. flos cucidi pleno (Ragged Robbin) — Is a well-known hardy
plant, flowering in May, with flowers that are crimson and
double.
L. fulgens — Is a hardy species with scarlet flowers and which
grows one and one-half feet high.
L. Haageana — Is of dwarfish growth about one foot high, and is
readily raised from seed. The fl-owers are large, single and
embrace white, rose, red and vermilion-colored varieties.
LYCOPODIUM. (See Selaginella).
THE HOME FLORIST. 255
LYSIMACHIA {Hardy Perennial).
' Herbaceous perennial plants, which, although hardy, are well
fitted for pot culture. They are very readily grown in good
turfy loam with a little manure and sand; propagated from seed
or from cuttings.
Li. clethroicles — From Japan, with pure white flowers in curving
spikes.
L. nummularia (Moneywort) — For baskets or vases ; flowers of
golden yellow.
LYTHRUM SALIC ARIA {Hardy Herbaceous Perennial).
A hardy garden plant, growing to the height of three feet, and
producing long attractive spikes of rosy-red flowers in the sum-
mer; propagates by dividing the roots.
MADEIRA VINE. (See Boussingaultia.)
MAHERNIA ODORATA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 85°).
A profuse winter-blooming plant, with golden yellow flowers
that emit a strong honeyed fragrance. The plant itself is quite
an ornament with its fine cut foliage; propagated by cuttings.
MANETTIA CORDATA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 45, 85°).
Is one of the most beautiful summer-climbing plants, especially
for pot culture and in training on trellis, bearing crimson scarlet
flowers in great profusion the entire season ; can be dried off in
the winter; propagates from the root.
MARANTA {Greenhouse Perennial, 3C, 55 to 60, 90").
Among the most elegant greenhouse plants known to florists.
being a valuable class of plants for Wardian cases and ferneries,
requiring a warm, moist atmosphere; propagates by division.
M. Baraquinii — Silvery gray; centre and margin light green.
31. bicoZor— Pale green leaves, dark spots, purple underneath.
M. eximia—Bwarf; upper surface striped with grayish white;
under, purplish violet.
M. faciafa— Bright green-, broad bands from mid-rib to margin;
purplish beneath.
If. leopardina—Fa\e green, with oblong blotches of deep green.
M. Majestica—Bark, glossy green, pinkish lines above, purple be-
neath.
256 THE HOME FLORIST.
M. Makoyana — An elegant dwarf, markings deep bottle green;
underneath, bright wine red.
M. Massangeana — Outer portions olive green; middle, delicate
silvery gray.
M. mikans — Shining green, with a white feathery stripe.
M. pardina — Pale green; brown blotches each side of the mid-
rib,
M. Porteana — Long bright leaves, white stripes, underside purple.
M. pulchella—Yery much like the old Zebrina, although more
dwarf.
M. Van den Heckii — Dark glossy leaves; mid-rib silvery-white.
M. zebrina — LesLves striped above and i)urple beneath.
MARIGOLD— Tagetes {Half Hardy Annual).
Well-known free-fioAvering annuals, with single and double,
also quilled flowers, of sulphur, orange, brown and striped colors.
They are raised with the greatest ease from seed sown either in
heat or where they are to flower. Although there are some very
rich and showy varieties, which are attractive wherever em-
ployed, yet the plants will never be ranked among the highest in
value by cultivators, on account of their rather distasteful fra-
grance, but still they are too beautiful to be entirely ignored for
such a reason.
Tagetes Signata Pumilia— A splendid half-hardy annual,
forming a dense globular mass from one foot to a foot and a
half in diameter, and producing hundreds of bright yellow and
orange flowers on the surface of the plant. It is a handsome
plant for the garden, and as easily grown from seed as are the
common Marigolds.
MAURANDYA BARCLAY ANA (Greenhouse Perennial,
38, 45, 85^).
Flowers similar to the Snap-dragon, but borne on vigorous,
slender vines. A popular summer climber of the easiest cultiva-
tion, needing only good loam and a proper support. They also
make splendid climbers for in-door decoration; the colors are vio-
let, pink, purple and white; they are easily grown from seed or
from cuttings.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM Including Ice and Dew Plants
{Greenliouse Perennial, o3, 45 to 60, 90").
A genus for the most part natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
There are many varieties, but the several here noticed are
THE HOME FLORIST. 257
the most valuable for ordinaiy cultivation, and these are highly
prized wherever introduced. The sorts named are of trail-
ing habit, and being free growers they prove to be very desirable
for planting in baskets, vases, etc. They are also excellent for
pot culture in the window or conservatory, and very handsome
if bedded, continuing in flower during most of the season, and
growing with great freedom in rich ground.
M. chrystallinium (Ice Plant) — This species is noted for the pecu-
liar cold, icy appearance the foliage presents, the stems and
leaves throughout having a frost-like coating, which ren-
ders the plant very attractive; grown from seed, and should
be treated as a tender annual.
M. cordifolium (Dew Plant) — Another species possessing the re-
markable features of the Ice Plant to a slight extent, but,
aside of this, is a stronger and handsomer grower, with
rich-looking foliage, and is covered with a profusion of at-
tractive small, rosy-pink blossoms almost constantly. This
is one of the handsomest drooping plants in cultivation for
hanging baskets, vases, etc., and also as a trailing bedding
plant; propagates from cuttings or seed.
M. cordlfolhun variegatum — Similar to the preceding, but in ad-
dition, the foliage is variegated in creamy white and green,
which renders it exceedingly pretty for any use to which
it is suited.
M. grandiflorum — A variety with round-pointed foliage, produc-
ing large pink flowers several inches in diameter, more or
less continually from early spring throughout the season.
MEYENIA (Greenhouse Shrub, 40, 60, 95°).
This is one of the most beautiful greenhouse shrubs. The leaves
are dark green, habit of plant robust and graceful. It is in bloom
all through the early spring and summer, at which time it is com-
pletely covered with its beautiful gloxinia-shaped flowers; propa-
gates from cuttings.
M. erecta — Flowers dark blue, getting lighter towards the centre,
with a yellow throat.
M. erecta alba — Same as preceding, but white flowers.
MIGNONETTE— Reseda (Hardy Annual).
A deliciously fragrant flower, too well-known to require any
special description. It is easily grown from seed, which may be
258 THE HOME FLORIST.
sown very early in the spring where the plants are to flower, and
then several times later for a succession. The seeds may also be
sown late in the fall. Every garden should have a bed for cut-
ting from. Some pots may be started in the summer for winter
flowering in the window or conservatory. The plants do not
transf)lant well.
MIMOSA SENSITIV A— Sensitive Plant (Tender Annual).
A remarkable annual cultivated for the curious peculiarity of
its delicate pinnate leaves, which suddenly close and droop if
touched or shaken. They open and regain their upright position
in the course of an hour or two, without the leastinjmy to them-
selves or the plant for the surprising transition through wdiich
they have passed. The plant is only suitable for pot culture, and
may easily be reared from seed by sowing in a warm window or
hot bed.
MIMULUS— Monkey Flower (Half Hardy Perennials).
Herbaceous plants with show^y flowers. The following varie-
ties make interesting greenhouse plants and require plenty of
fresh air and not too much heat or moisture. Grow in light soil
with a little manure and sand. They are easily raised from seed,
cuttings, or by division.
M. moschatus (Musk Plant) — A dwarf plant, with musk odor.
M. moschatus tigrinus — Flower golden-yellow, with brown spots.
Musk odor.
MIRABILIS JALAPA.— Four O'Clock Flower. (Half hardy
Annual.)
A very ornamental plant of good habit with glossy bright foli-
age and fragrant flowers, which mostly open in the afternoon,
hence its appropriate common name. The plant grows to
several feet in height, and blooms profusely after mid-summer.
The flowers include various colors, such as different shades of
red, red striped with white, red and yellow, yellow, lilac striped
with white, violet and white, and sport into many attractive
variegations. May be raised from seed planted in the Spring
where the plants are desired, or the roots may be taken up in the
fall and preserved like Dahlias during winter. The plants should
stand from one to t\\ o feet apart.
THE HOME FLORIST. 259
M. Jalapa folis variegata — A variety of the above, the leaves of
which are faintly variegated or raarbled ; several different
colors of flowers.
M. longiflora alba and violacea — With long, sweet scented flow-
ers, in the former, pure white with purple below, and in
the latter violet.
MONKEY FLOWER. (See Mimulus.)
MONTBRETIA CR0C0SML3EFL0RA {Te7ider Bulb).
The flowers of this plant, relatively speaking, are of large
size of an intense orange shade, beautifully formed, and
something in their arrangement on the stem is suggestive of the
Orchid family. A single plant bears several spikes of flowers,
each spike having from ten to twelve florets ; it retains its bloom
for a long time. The florets are very brilliant in fine cut flower
work. The foliage is somewhat similar to the Gladiolus, but
radiates like the spars of a fan, the flower spikes also radiating
with the foliage. A plant of the first order, it flourishes in the
open ground, and is also extremely ornamental as a pot plant.
It grows to a height of between two and three feet, and is fully
three feet across the foliage. It is propagated by offsets.
MORNING GLORY. (See Convolvulus.)
MUSA OR BANANA ^Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, to 60, 90°.)
These make very ornamental and showy plants, always attract-
ing notice either from their enormous size or beautifully varie-
gated foliage. Some of the sorts bear the Banana of commerce.
During the hot summer when planted out they grow rapidly and
luxuriantly, producing a tropical effect on the lawn, terrace or
flower garden. They can be stored in a light cellar or cool green-
house during the winter with a covering of soil, or planted in a
tub, watered sparingly. They are increased from suckers.
M. CavendisMi— Is a dwarf species, very ornamental ; bearing
edible fruit. This is the variety commonly grown in green-
houses ; if kept at a high enough temperature fruit much
superior to that found in our markets will be produced.
31. Ensete— The noblest of all plants is this great Abyssinian
banana. The fruit of this variety is not edible, but the
leaves are magnificent ; long, broad and massive, of a
beautiful green, wdth a broad crimson mid-rib.
26o THE HOME FLORIST.
M. zebrina — The stem of this Banana is slender and the leaves a
fine dark green, striped and blotched with bronze, red, pur-
ple and chocolate ; very effective.
MUSK PLANT. (See Mimulus Moschatus.)
MYOSOTIS— Forget-me-not {Half Hardy Perennial).
An old and well-known genus of garden plants, growing about
six inches high, which survive our winters with protection. They
bear in different varieties blue, yellow and white star-like flow-
ers with bright centers. The flowers are small, but highly
esteemed for their distinctness and perfection of form. They ap-
pear in little clusters during the greater portion of the season, if
the plants are grown in moist soil in a somewhat shaded situa-
tion— a condition also most favorable to their growth. Easily
raised from seed sown in the early spring or in August.
MYRSYPHYLLUM ASPARAGOIDES— Smilax {Greenhouse
Perennial, 33, 45 to 55, 90°.)
One of the finest tender climbing plants in existence, and with
care suitable for pot culture in the window. The plant is esteemed
for the exceeding grace and delicacy of the vine and its beautiful
glossy green foliage. Smilax has become conspicuous among
plants cultivated by florists for foliage alone, and large beds are
now devoted, summer and winter, to cultivating a supply. Each
plant is provided with a twine for support, which extends from
the earth to the roof of the greenhouse, and upon this the
shoots twine. After the top has been reached, the entire
length is cut away for use, and another twine is fixed, which
in turn answers for a support for the new shoots that quickly
start again from the root. The stems of foliage are usually
sold by the yard, and are greatly in demand for festooning,
and also for cutting into short lengths to intermix with cut flowers.
For window cultivation the plants should be trained to strings or
trellis, and be kept near the glass. Smilax is closely allied to the
common garden Asparagus, and like that j)lant will bear frequent
cutting back to the roots. After a large growth has been obtained,
the plant should be nearly all cut away as soon as the leaves are
inclined to turn yellow ; the root should then be given a rest for
a month or two by withholding water almost "v\diolly, after which
it may be started into a new growth. Bears very fragrant little
white flowers. Will thrive in any soil ; is propagated from seed.
THE HOME FLORIST.
261
Myrsiphyllum Asparagoides, or Smila-r,
262 THE HOME FLORIST.
MYRTUS COMMUNIS— Myrtle {Greenhouse Perennial, 32, 45
to 50, 90^-).
This, the true Myrtle, is a pretty pot plant of erect shrubby
habit, which has been grown and highly esteemed for ages very
remote. At the present day it is valued by florists for its twigs of
small dark, smooth foliage, which are a useful green in making
wedding and funeral bouquets and designs of white flowers.
Besides being slightly fragrant the plant bears small white
flowers quite freely. Of the easist culture in the window or
conservatory,
NARCISSUS {Hardy Bulb).
An early spring flowering bulbous family, which embraces
numerous forms and colors of flowers, including the well known
Daffodil and Jonquil. The flowers appear very early, are
highly ornamental and fragrant. Nearly all are hardy, and should
be planted in the autumn like the Hyacinth, etc., but should
remain in the ground for several years until they have formed
large clumps, wiien they may be divided and reset. All the kinds
are desirable, and some are unequaled for pot culture in the win-
ter in the window and conservatory (see "Culture of Hardy Bulbs
for Winter Decoration," page 52).
Double Narcissus {Daffodil, etc.), include besides the double
yellow Daffodil, varieties of white {Alha pleno odorata) very
handsome), light yellow, orange and other colors, all of which are
double, and some deliciously fragrant. Hardy and desirable in
every garden, also useful for forcing.
Single Narcissus are hardy and of great beauty, including N.
Poeticus (Poet's Narcissus), a snowy white variety, in which the
projecting cup from the centre is of cream color, delicately fringed
with reddish purple.
N. bidbocodium (Hoop-Petticoat Narcissus), having the cup two
inches long and broad at the brim.
iV; Odorus (known as Great Jonquil), a large yellow variety with
powerful fragrance ; and other desirable varieties.
Polyanthus Narcissus, an exceedingly handsome division, but
not sufficiently hardy in the North to be reliable in the open
ground. They will sometimes succeed if planted deep in light,
dry soil, and heavily protected at the approach of winter. It is
in pot culture in winter, however, either in the window or
THE HOME FLORIST. 263
conservatory, that this species can be employed with the greatest
advantage by cultivators, and for this purpose nothing can be
more satisfactory. There are numerous varieties, which show
many colors and shades, from purest white to orange red. The
flowers appear in clusters, numbering from six to upwards of a
dozen in each The white flowers of this division have yellow
cup§, and the yellow, orange cups. There is also a double variety
which is very fragrant.
Narcissus Jonquilla {Jonquil). — The Jonquils are well known
hardy bulbs, producing both double and sweet scented flowers
which are very attractive. Plant in autumn six inches apart and
cover three inches deep. They do not flower so well the first year
as the second and third, therefore the bulbs should not be lifted
oftener than every third year.
NASTURTIUM. (See Tropseolum.)
NEMOPHILA {Hardy Annual).
A genus of low growing annuals which afford in the differ-
ent varieties many smgularly colored flowers, such as white
with black spots, white and purple, white blotched with violet,
white with chocolate centre, black edged with white, rich maroon
margined white, bright blue with white centre, blue blotched with
black, and so forth. While interesting, these plants can scarcely
be styled showy, although when at their best, they are very at-
tractive. A cool partially shaded situation suits them the best.
The seeds should be sown in frames early in the spring or late in
the fall previous, in order to secure strong plants by hot weather,
as young plants that come on late, never do so well. Transplant
to five or six inches apart.
NIEREMBERGIA GRANDIFLORA {Greenhouse Perennial, 33,
45, 90°).
A valuable plant, either for the flow^er garden, or for planting
in baskets, pots, vases, window boxes, etc. The leaves are small
and pointed, flowers pale bluish white, one inch and a half in
diameter and salver shaped. They are borne in great abundance
all during the summer, and by fall fifty flowers can, almost at
any time, be counted on each plant that is growing in the garden.
They may be lifted in October without wilting, and Avill be showy
for a long time in the window or conservatory. Any soil will
suit them. Propagate from cuttings with some difficulty.
264
THE HOME FLORIST.
NIGELLA— Love in a Mist. {Hardy Annual).
This singular plant is known as Lady-in-the-Green and Devil-in-
a-bush, because the blossoms are partly concealed by the abund-
ance of finely cut foliage. The plant and flower are both hand-
some, require but little care, and are worthy a place in the flower
garden. Sow the seed in Spring, and thin to one foot apart.
NIGHT BLOOMING CEREUS. (See Cereus.)
NIGHT BLOOMING JASMINE. (See Cestrum.)
Water Lily.
NYMPH^A ODORATA— Water Lily {Half Hardy Roots).
This plant is the Mell-known double white Water Lily or Pond
Lily. The cultivation of this species affords much j)leasure and
gratification to the amateur, as it is attended wnth so little diffi-
culty. The roots should be obtained in the early spring and j^laced
in a tub or cask from eighteen inches to two feet in depth; put in
six inches of rich loam, barely covering the tubers, and fill the
cask with water, replenishing it, as it loses by evaporation. They
can be cared for in winter by emi)tying nearly all the water out
and keeping in a cool cellar, or if protected from hard freezing,
can remain on the lawn. This is all the care required to produce
their large white deliciously-fragrant flowers; increases rapidly
from the roots. There is also a yellow Water Lily common in
ponds and stagnant water in most of the Northern States which
can be cultivated in the same way.
THE HOME FLORIST. 265
OLE A FRAGANS— Sweet Olive. {Greenliouse Perennial, 34,
50, 90'^)
This is a favorite greenhouse j)lant with deep green foliage
feimilar to a camellia, and hears small clusters of delicate white
tlowers in great profusion during the fall and winter. Highly
odoriferous both in the foliage and flowers ; the perfume of a
single plant is sufficient to fill a conservatory ; propagated by
cuttings.
OLEANDER— Neeium. {Greenhouse Perennial, 30, 45, 85°.)
A well known genus of erect-growing, evergreen shrubs, with
narrow elongated leathery leaA^es. The plants are well adapted
for culture in pots and boxes, to be used in adorning the lawn, or
plant collection in summer, as they are easily managed to produce
an abundance of bloom. Naturally delighting in a moist soil,
they should at all times during their flowering season be well sup-
plied with water. After they are done blooming, keep rather
dry at the roots until spring, storing them during winter in any
cool dry place, a light cellar answering very well. Early winter
is the most suitable time for pruning the plants, which operation
may be done quite severely to their benefit. The young shoots
can be cut back to within two buds of the old wood. In March
they should be shifted into larger pots or boxes and a new growth
encouraged by an increase of water. Decayed turfy loam, with
one-fourth part old rotten manure, forms an excellent compost
for them. As the plants advance in growth, a weekly watering
of liquid manure, not very strong, will heighten the size and
beauty of the flowers ; during then- apx^roaching season of bloom
keep a sharp look-out for scale insects on the leaves and bark
and remove any such by wasliing. Scrubbing affected parts with
tobacco water heated to 120' and afterwards with soap and
water, will completely destroy them if it is thoroughly done.
The Oleander is easily propagated from cuttings of the
young growth in the spring and summer. A favorite and time-
honored method of proceeding with this operation is by placing
the cutting in a bottle of water suspended in the window or im-
der the piazza ; this means is quite similar to the saucer system
of propagation described on page 35, and in the case of this
plant is perhaps quite as good a one. Ijnmediately as the roots
3,ppear, the cutting shoii]4 be potted and should receive an
266 THE HOME FLORIST.
abundance of water until it becomes rooted in the soil. The
double varieties do not show their character until the plants
become strong.
O. aZ5itm_pZe?iit?/z— An introduction from the West Indies. Long,
slender foliage ; fine double white flowers.
O. atroj)ur2Dureum2:>leniuu -The richest hlood-red crimson color,
quite double and finely imbricated,
O.flavum Duplex— l^?iYge, semi-double, yellow flowers ; early
and free flowering.
O. madoni grandiflora — Fully as large as the double pink, and
nearly as double ; pure white ; strong habit.
O. Prof. Durand—^' hite, duplex flowers, yellow throat.
O. splendens— Double pink.
O. gloriosum — Brilliant carmine-pink flowers ; very double ;
showy and desirable
O. Henry Sahut — A beautiful variety with delicate flesh-colored
flowers, occasionally flaked with while ; the edge of petals
changing to white as the flowers become fully expanded.
O. lutea — Single yellow ; free flowering.
ORCHIDS {Greenhouse Perennials).
A natural order of endogenous plants remarkable for the struc-
ture of their flowers, which are also of great beauty and exquis-
itely fragrant. The species are very numerous, several thousands
being described. They are found in all parls of the world except
the coldest and most arid regions, but are most numerous in the
humid forests of the torrid zone, and particularly in America. They
have of late been much cultivated, houses being sometimes
specially devoted to them. It is a mistaken notion, however,
which is prevalent among amateurs, that the cultivation of them
is attended with much difficulty. It is true that there are cer-
tain requisites to their successful culture which mainly depends
on the conditions of their natural state being complied with.
Careful attention to temperature is necessary and also to ventila-
tion, and although much heat and moisture are required for the
tropical sorts, the atmosphere must not be constantly hot and
humid, but seasons of rest must be given to the plants which in
their native climates have generally a wet and dry season, the
latter being to them in many respects what the winter is to plants
of the temperate regions. It is getting better understood of late
years that the cultivation of many of the most beautiful Orchids
THE HOME FLORIST. 267
is no more difficult than the growing of ordinary greenhouse and
hothouse plants, nor are houses of special construction at all
needed for producing the best results from these fascinating
plants. Those from the tropics can be associated with Ixoras,
Marantas, Eucharis, etc., while others from cooler climates flour-
ish in the company of Camellias, Azaleas and other plants re-
quiring the temperature of an ordinary greenhouse. The genus
of the tropics are at home in the densest jungles and are found
clinging to the trunks of trees, rocks, etc. Among this group
are found the ones most prized by the enthusiast for their won-
derful beauty and rarity, but there are found some of the most
interesting specimens in the more temperate climates. The varie-
ties of epiphytes show a wonderful tenacity of life and possess
the remarkable property of imbibing the whole of their nutri-
ment from the atmosphere without the intervention of any kind
of earth. These may be placed in baskets or fastened to blocks
of wood, with a little moss or some such thing around the roots
to keep them from becoming too dry, and are thus placed on the
shelves or suspended from the roof of the house. The plants of
themselves are odd; of some of the sorts the foliage is very hand-
some, while many of the most expensive and rare specimens
would hardly be afforded a casual glance when out of flower.
But it can be said of the whole species that the elegance and rich
perfume of their flowers combine to make them objects of uni-
versal admiration. The following list embraces the most popular
and easier grown kinds of tins beautiful class of plants:
(T.) Distinguishes the Tropical species, such as require the tem-
perature of a hot-house.
(I.) Intermediate or ^varm greenhouse.
[C.) Cool, or such as may be grown in an ordinary greenhouse.
(T.) Aerides virens — Light peach color, spotted with purple,
the lip being spotted with crimson; fragrant.
(G.) Bletia hyacinthina.
{C.)Bletia Tankervillae — Large showy flowers, produced on stems
about 18 inches high ; flowers white, marked with brown.
(I.) Cattleya Labiata Pescatorei — Light green foliage, free bloom-
ing; the sepals and petals light rose; the lip rich crimson.
(L) Cattleya Labiata Percivaliana.
(I.) Cattleya Mossiae— Flowers very large, from five to six
inches across, of a rosy crimson color.
268 THE HOME FLORIST.
(C.) Cattleya Citrina — Large flowers, of a bright yellow, pro-
duced from the top of the bulb; very fragrant.
(C.) Chysis Bractesceus — Sepals and petals white, with a yellow
blotch in the centre of lip.
(I.) Cypripedinm Barbatum — A pretty species, with beautifully
spotted foliage, and flowers of a brownish purple, spotted
with white.
(C.) Cypripedium Insigne — Solitary flowers are produced in
winter, lasting six weeks in bloom ; sepals and petals yellow-
ish green, the dorsal tipped with white and spotted brown.
(C.) Cypripedium Venustum—lLight green leaves, curiously
blotched and mottled dark green and black. The flower is
of a greenish white, the lip of yellowish green color.
(T.) Dendrohium Formosum — Sej^als and petals white, with
bright yellow spot in the centre of lip.
(T.) Dendrobium Formosum Giganteum — P'lowers from four to
five inches across ; color snow white, with bright yellow on
centre of lip.
(C.) Dendrobium Nobile — Flowers pink and white, with a spot
of crimson in the center of the lip.
(I.) Dendrobiu'm Pierardii — A beautiful winter-blooming species,
with beautiful white and yellow flowers, lasting for three
weeks.
(T.) Dendrobium Superbum Giganteum— A showy variety, with
flowers from five to seven inches across ; sepals and petals
beautiful rose-purple, the lip the same color, fringed and
marked at the base with a pair of rich purplish-red spots.
(I.) Dendrobium Primulinum — White and pink fiowers, produced
in two rows along the stem.
(T.) Dendrobium TT^ardianwm— Sepals and petals white, tipped
with magenta, the lower part of the lip rich orange,
spotted on each side with crimson.
(T. ) Dendrobium Suavissimuni.
(C.) Epidendrum 3Iachrochilum—Sei:>als and petals brown, the
lip large, pure white, with a purple blotch at the base.
(C.) Epidendrum VitelUnum—f^e-pals and petals rich orange-
scarlet, the lip bright yellow ; lasts in bloom for six weeks.
(C.) Laelia Acuminata -The sepals and petals are w^hite, the
lip white with a dark blotch on the upper part.
(C.) Laelia ^nceps— Sepals and petals rose-lilac, the lip a beauti-
ful dark purple.
THE HOME FLORIST. 269
, '. . a . ,
(I.) Laelia Purpurata — Flowers very large and showy, sepals
and petals pure white, the lip dark crimson-purple.
(I.) Limatodes Rosea — A charming winter- flowering species of
a beautiful rose color.
(C.) Ly caste Aromatica.
(C.) Ly caste Cruenta — Sepals and petals yellowy with a dark
spot in the centre of the lip.
(C.) Lycasfe Skinneri — The sepals and petals are pure white,
tinged at the base with rose ; the lip of the same color,
spotted with crimson.
(C.) Masdevallia Tovarensis — Flowers in pairs, pure white, lasting
a long time in perfection.
(C.) Odontoglossum Grande — Very large flowers, mottled and
striped with brown yellow.
(C.) Odontoglossum Rossii — White and purple flowers, lasting
in beauty a long time.
(I.) Oncidium Ampliatum — Fine large yellow^ flowers.
(I.j Oncidium Caminiopliorum..
(I.) Oncidiu7)i CeboUeta Macranthum.
(C.) Oyicidiuni Ornithoroynchum — Delicate rose-colored flowers,
on gracefully drooping spikes.
(I.) Oncidium Roseum — A pretty small- flowering species, with
colored flowers spotted with red.
(I). Oncidium Volvox.
(T). Saccolahium Blumei Majus — Beautiful large flowers, violet
and white in color.
(T.) Saccolahium Guttatutn — An elegant species, sepals and
petals white spotted wdth deep rosy purple ; lip small purple.
(T.) Stanliopea Insignis — Sepals and petals pale yellow, white
spotted with red, the lip nearly white spotted with purple.
(C.) Stanliopea Ocidata — Pale yellow spotted with purple.
(C.) Stanliopea Trigrina — Very large flowers of a pale yellow,
barred and blotched with deep chocolate.
(I.) Tricopilia Coccmea— Sepals and petals yellow and reddish
brown in color, the lip deep crimson with narrow edge of
white.
(C.) Tricopilia Suavis — White flowers, spotted with pink.
2/0 THE HOME FLORIST.
ORANGE AND LEMON— Citrus {Greenhouse Perennials, 32, 45
to 55, 90°).
These well known fruits of commerce both belong to the genus
Citrus, and are quite identical in many respects. The genus com-
prises a great number of kinds and varieties, some of which are
known as wild and others as cultivated, the former possessing
little value, except as stocks upon which to graft the better sorts.
Both the Orange and Lemon can easily be cultivated in pots in
the North, and form attractive plants when in health with their
rich glossy leaves which are also pleasantly fragrant if chafed.
Under favorable circumstances, they may be had to flower and
fruit in the window or conservatory, and if the stocks be grafted
with the improved varieties the fruit produced will be edible,
although such varieties are always more difficult to cultivate than
the stronger growing plants produced from seed. The flowers of the
Orange are noted for their sweetness and pure white color in some
of the kinds. There is an excellent dwarf growing species of the
Orange, which is known as the Chinese Dwarf, and embracing
several varieties. These dwarf sorts are very suitable for cultiva-
tion, being of good habit and i)roducing fruit freely, which,
although not edible, renders the plant highly ornamental. They
can be perpetuated by cuttings, thus allowing of their purity
being maintained to any extent. The genus love a rich soil, and
one containing a fair proportion of well decayed turf, taken up
from a loamy soil, will suit it as well as any. For young plants,
it may contain a portion of sand until they arrive at a fruiting
age. The months of March, and also August, are suitable times
for repotting the plants, which may also then be pruned. All
stunted or straggling shoots should be M^ell cut back and a general
system of pruning be adopted to effect a well shai)ed head. The
Lemon especially, is greatly inclined to irregularity of growth.
All the varieties of the Citrus tribe will bear a good deal of shade,
but throughout winter they should have all the light that can be
secured for them. The foliage and branches should also receive
an occasional cleansing with water and sponge, and insects of
no kind must ever be tolerated.
OTHONNA SEDIFOLIA Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 45, 85°).
It has a dwarf, creeping or pendulous habit, with slender,
round, fleshy, light green leaves, and small axilliary flowers.
As a plant for hanging baskets, flourishing in a cool temperature,
THE HOME FLORIST. 271
it is very fine. Its numerous graceful stems droop over the sides
of the pot or basket, and its sedum-like f oUage glistens under the
bright sun. Also suitable for carpet bedding among succulent
plants. Propagated by cuttings. Frequently called Othonna
Crassifolia.
OXALIS (Greenhouse Bulb, 34, 45, 80°).
These are bulbs of the easiest culture, requiring very little
heat, and esteemed for decorating windows, etc. They are hand-
some as basket and vase plants and will well repay the small
amount of care bestowed on their culture. The colors embrace
white, pink, yellow, etc.
P^ONIA {Hardy Herbaceous Peren/iial).
A well known genus of plants noted for their hardiness, ease of
culture, vigorous growth in any garden soil, and for the wonder-
ful size and attractiveness of their flowers. The flowers in many
of the varieties are nearly half a foot in diameter, well rounded
and perfectly double. There are also semi-double and single
sorts. The Herbaceous Pseonias are increased by dividing the
roots. This may be done once every few years, the best season
for the work being September or October, t)ut the spring will also
answer if it be done very early. The roots should be taken up
whole, cut in pieces, each with at least one bud, and be reset.
Plant in rich deep soil, with the crown or bud three inches below
the surface.
PALMS {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 90°).
The natural order Palmacea embraces the finest decorative
plants in cultivation. They all like shade, and an abundance of
moisture at the roots, as well as frequent sprinkling and syrmg-
ing overhead. The proi^er soil to grow them in is two parts loam,
one part peat and one part sand. The following handsome species
can be recommended of ea y culture for apartments, conser-
vatory decoration or vase plants«during summer.
P. Chavicerops ea^ceZsa— Leaves fan-shaped, dark green color.
P. Corypha Australis (Livistonia Australis) — Leaves divided into
small segments, dark green.
P. Cycas revoluta (Sago Palm)— Showy crown of dark green
leaves.
P. Jaubcea Spectabilis—Finnate leaves, six to twelve feet long,
deep green.
■•"7
2/2 THE HOME FLORIST.
P. Latonia Borhonica — A beautiful Palm, with large deeply divid-
ed, fan-shaped leaves ; it is of easy cultivation and makes a
splendid plant for vases, baskets, etc. This is the most de-
sirable and most ornamental of all the Palms.
P. Pandanus utilis (Screw Pine)— So called from the arrangement
of the leaves on the stem ; very graceful, glaucous green.
P. Fei^c/m— Bordered with conspicuous bands of pure white.
P. Phcenix reclinata—A cool greenhouse Palm, dark green
leaves.
P. Ptychosperma Alexandra — An elegant slender-stemmed
species, not unlike a Sea.forthia.
P. Sabal Andansoni (Dwarf Palmetto) — Native of our Southern
States.
P. Seaforthia Elegans — A very graceful Palm, dark green.
PANICUM {Hardy Herbaceous and Greenliouse Perennials).
Panicum Plicatum.— This is a desirable grass for the garden,
with deep green foliage, striped white, and occasionall}' rose ;
grows in clumps, and attains a height of about two feet ; propa-
gates by division. Protect in winter.
Panicum VARTEGATUii (25, 50 to 60, 90°). — A very attractive
grass, of trailing or creeping habit, excellent for hanging baskets
or pot culture in the greenhouse or window. The leaves are willow
shaped, and distinctly variegated with white, rose and green The
plant requires a warm place, and rather delights in shade; j)ropa-
gates from cuttings.
PANSY— Heart's-ease, Viola Tricolor {Hardy Annual).
The Pa.nsy is a flower of such excellent qualities, that it ranks in
general esteem perhaps higher than any other one in cultivation,
not even excepting the Rose. Treated as a hardy annual, and
it is very easy to raise from the seed ; is remarkably produc-
tive of flowers for a long time, and the flowers are the subject of
admiration from all beholders. Their colors range from white to jet
black through the various shades of violet, dark and light blue,
red, bronze, yellow, purple, etc , and there are some varieties
which are most beautifully and distinctly striped and blotched.
To grow the Pansy to perfection simply requires that they be
planted in soil of high fertility, and with this requisite secured
there is no need of hot-bed, conservatory, or any other appliance
to have an abundance of flowers, if the directions here given are
THE HOME FLORIST.
273
Group of Pansy Floicers.
followed. They flower most freely, and the bloom is of the finest
quality in the months preceding and following the hottest and
dryest part of summer, although there is no complete cessa-
tion of bloom during this period if the soil is ordinarily retentive
of moisture and well enriched. The seeds should be sown in
August or early in September. If the seed-bed is shaded with
whitewashed sash or lath shutters— the lath an inch apart— the
seeds will germinate more readily. After the seedlings have made
their second leaves they should be thinned out to afford a chance
for proper development, or they may be transplanted to several
inches apart in any rich soil for wintering. Young Pansy plants
are hardy, and all the protection they require is a slight scattering
of long straw or hay on the beds, after the ground is frozen,
which will prevent any injury to the plants from thawing
weather that may occur during the winter ; this must be removed
early in the spring. For final flowering, plant six to nine inches
apart in the well enriched beds as above alluded to. If sowing in
the summer was neglected, the seed may be started about Feb-
ruary in heat and nearly the same results be gained as with
Summer sowing, but with more trouble. Should these spring-
grown plants be too small for flowering before midsummer, they
will do all the better in the fall months for not having flowered in
the spring.
274 THE HOME FLORIST.
PASSION FLOWER — Passiflora {Greenhouse Perennial, 35,
50, 90°).
Climbing plants for the greenhouse and window that possess a
pleasing appearance, in the foliage, the form of growth and in the
flowers. They withstand the dry heat of dwellings better than
the average of plants. The plants are frequently set out perma-
nently in the conservatory to climb along the rafters, for which
purpose they are well suited and very ornamental.
PELARGONIUM— Lady Washington Geeanium {Greenhouse
Pe?=e>imaZ, 33, 45 to 55, 90°).
A division of the Geranium family (popularly speaking,
for, in a botanical sense, the so called tender Geraniums are Pelar-
goniums), the plants of which are only suitable for pot culture,
producing flowers of an extremely high rank of beauty. The
plant is in appearance somewhat similar to the common Horse-
shoe or Scarlet Geranium but more upright in its habit, and with
stiffer leaves. The flowers are also quite similar in form, but are
much larger, averaging about two inches across, and possess the
richest colors, and shades of colors imaginable, ranging from
purest white, through carmine, crimson, rosy pink, vermilion, to
the darkest maroon, and through the intervening shades for the
ground colors, and then upon these the most exquisite veinings
and shadings, and upon petals of the finest satin-like texture, yet,
of such a thickness that but the deepest markings run through
them. Usually the under side of the petals are of a tinted white,
or a lighter and uniform shade of the predominating color of the
flower. The Pelargonium is not so valuable a window plant as
some of the Geraniums, for, although of a free, healthy growth,
it is here inclined to be a shy bloomer. As spring and early sum-
mer flowering plants in the conservatory, however, all the vari-
eties possess the greatest value for decorative purposes, blooming
with great freedom. No conservatory can be considered well
stocked without some of these plants in the collection. After the
plants have flowered in the summer they should be given a rest
of two months by almost entirely withholding water from them.
At the end of this time they should be cut back and be repotted
into fresh soil of a fertile nature, first soaking the ball of old earth
in which they have been growing, and removing all of this that
can be taken off, without mutilating the roots. Water may be
THE HOME FLORIST. 2^5
freely applied from this time on. During the winter the plants
should be placed in a light situation, and given sufficient space to
enable the air and light to reach all the foliage. Due attention
should be paid to pinching back any strong growing shoots, and
neat stakes should provided if necessary, to keep the plants to a
pleasing shape. The plants propagate quite readily from cuttings.
The end shoots obtained in pruning back the plants in September
after their annual rest, are the most suitable for striking, and
strong plants can be grown from these by spring, if they are re-
potted as required during winter.
P. Arcadian Prince— Beep glowing rosy crimson, slightly pen-
ciled with maroon ; an excellent grower and free bloomer.
P. Augusta Odier — An exceedingly rich, carmine-veined variety.
P. Beadsman — Pink, maroon spots.
P. Belle Blonde— White, edged and penciled with carmine, and
spotted with maroon.
P. Bianca—SheU tinted pink, with dark spots running through
crimson to pink, on two petals.
P. Captivation — Pure white, with striking spots of dark maroon.
P. Diadematum — Bright crimson pink, penciled with maroon.
P. Dr. Andre — Blush pink ground, the margins of the petals
elegantly fringed.
P. Gen. Taylor — A free flowering carmine pink variety, slightly
marked with maroon on two petals ; a superb variety.
P. Glorie de Belleview — Light, veined crimson, with blackish
maroon spots; fine.
P. James Odier — Upper petals white, under shell-tinted with
maroon markings.
P. Lavina — Pure white, with the lower petals distinctly marked
with maroon and edged with crimson.
P. Marksman— White ground, prof usely marked and stained with
purplish crimson.
P. Madella d'O?'— Darkest crimson, with darker spots and light
center; exceedingly rich.
P. Manzinella — Pink, crimson and maroon.
P. Norma — Light lilac on white, with dark spots.
P. Sir Casper — Light pink, blotched with maroon and crimson.
P. Wliite Lady — A pure w^hite variety, the flowers of which,
although freely produced, are rather below the average in
size.
2/6 THE HOME FLORIST.
PENSTEMON (Greenhouse Perennial, 30, 45, 75").
A class of nearly hardy plants (there are also some species that
are entirely hardy) suitable for the flower garden and pot culture.
They bloom for a long time during the summer months. The
flowers are produced in spikes of Foxglove-like form, are of good
colors and very nicely shaded and mottled. The plants can be
taken up from the flower garden in the fall and i)reserved in a
cold-pit or the cool end of a conservatory or in the cellar during
the winter. Propagate readily from cuttings.
PEPEROMIA (OreenJiouse Perennial, 35, 55, 85=").
A pretty and valuable genus of dwarf plants with fine silvery
markings and reticulations in the foliage. They require partial
shade and moisture and are particularly adapted for Wardian
cases and cabinets. Propagates from cuttings.
P. Verschafelti — Large foliage, brilliant silvery markings.
P. maculosa — Silvery cornate foliage; very pretty.
P. resedceflora — Ijesives small ; flowers white, constant bloomer;
very handsome.
P. magnolicefolia — Of taller growth, with long fleshy leaves.
P. prostrata — This very pretty and slender growing basket-plant
proves to be a welcome addition to this popular class of
plants. The leaves, which are round, are produced close
together on long thread-like creeping rhizomes, and are
beautifully variegated with browTi and light green. The
mature leaves assume a somewhat globular shape, giving to
the plant a distinct and unique character.
PERISTROPHE Angustifolia Aurea (Greenhouse Perennial,
40, 60, 90°).
A beautiful jDlant native of India, has showy purple flowers well
adapted for baskets or wardian cases and also beds out well ; the
foliage is handsomely marked with golden yellow; propagates by
cuttings.
PETUNIA (Half-Hardy Annual or Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 50,
85°).
For out-door decoration in summer there are few plants that
excel this class. They commence to flower early and continue a
mass of bloom the w^hole summer and until after frosts. There
are both double and single varieties, the former usually being
THE HOME FLORIST.
277
Petunia.
increased from cuttings and treated as greenhouse perennials in
winter, and the latter as annuals, raising them from seed every
spring, although the best of these can also be perpetuated very
profitably from cuttings, thus insuring the purity of any desirable
strain. Double varieties can also be raised from seed, but only a
limited percentage can usually be depended upon to come double.
Aside from the great value of the entire family as bedding plants,
the double varieties especially are very satisfactory if grown in
rich soil in pots, and the stronger growing single varieties are
excellent for planting in hanging baskets or vases for trailing over
the edges. For this latter named purpose the seed should be sown
as early as March. For ordinary summer decoration the seed
may be sown in a hot-bed, cold-frame or prepared seed bed, trans-
planting the seedling plants eighteen inches apart in the garden,
in May, or sowings may be made where the plants are desired,
which will do quite as well, excepting that these will not flower
within several weeks of as early as the others.
The most desirable varieties among the double Petunias are :
278
THE HOME FLORIST.
P. Beauty — Rich crimson and white striped ; sometimes sports.
P. Cleopatra — White, blotched with violet crimson.
P. Delicata — Lavender and blush,
P. Maiden's Blush — Light rosy pink ; very beautiful and a free
bloomer.
P. Queenof Whites— PwxevfhitQ', very double; somewhat resem-
bling a white Carnation, but larger.
P. Wm. White — Crimson and white,
P. Wm. Heines — Dark violet crimson.
Among the single varieties which may be raised from seed, the
following are prominent for their superiority :
P. Countess of Ellesmore— Rosy carmine, with white throat ; an
exceedingly desirable variety, coming true from seed.
In the large flowering (G-randiflora) section :
P. Green Margined— Crirason color, white throat, green edge.
P Inimitable— 'PurpUnh.red, spotted and margined with white.
P. Kermesina — Large crimson.
P. Macidata—Vnv^lQ and crimson, spotted white.
P. Fe?iosa— Beautiful veined variety.
Philadelphus.
THE HOME FLORIST.
279
PHILADELPHUS— Mock Orange {Hardy Shrub.)
These lovely, hardy, exquisitely fragrant, flowering shrubs,
should be in every garden. Indeed, the old-fashioned, sweet-
scented, single Mock Orange (so-called because of the exquisite
fragrance of the flowers, like orange blossoms,) is known to nearly
all lovers of hardy plants.
P. dianthiflorus plenus— Flowers very large and numerous, star-
shaped, nearly double, producing bunches of five to seven
in each.
P. primulceflorus— Double white, resembling the blossoms of the
double white Chinese Primula.
P. Keteleeri flore joZeno— Producing an abundance of pure white,
semi-doable, very fragrant flowers.
P. Grandiflora Single, or Mock Orange- A rapid growing,
medium-sized shrub, with very fragrant white flowers.
PHLOX {Half-Hardy Annuals and Hardy Perennials).
This genus, in its several
sections embraces many plants
of value to the amateur florist.
Indeed, no garden can be
well stocked without some of
the Phloxes . Throughout
they are of fine habit and
vigorous growth, producing
* flowers of very attractive colors
in great profusion, the plants
thriving in any garden soil,
and with the most ordinary
attention. On account of these
desirable qualities they can be
recommended to cultivators of
little experience, as there is
Phlox Drummondii. little danger of failure to real-
ize successful results in their cultivation.
Phlox Drummondii.— Among seed-grown annuals for the gar-
den the Phlox Drummondii stands without a rival for brilliancy
of colors and continual display. It is to this class, what the
Verbena and Geranium are to tender greenhouse bedding plants.
It is even a most formidable rival of these brilliant flowering
28o THE HOME FLORIST.
plants named, when effect is considered. Taking into account
the small cost of the seed of this Phlox, the readiness with which
plants can be grown, and their general attractiveness when in
flower, either in ordinary beds or in ribbons and masses, and it is
seen at once how greatly deserving of attention it is from culti-
vators generally for bedding and also for cut flowers. The
different varieties afford many distinct and striking colors, such
as pure white, white with purple eye, deep blood purple, brilliant
scarlet, beautiful rose color, rose w^ith white eye, dark violet with
white eye, red with white eye, crimson striped with white, slate
color, and many others, all of which come true from the seed.
The seed may be sown either in the hot-bed, cold-frame or in the
open ground. The plants should stand about nine inches apart
for the best results in flowering. They commence flowering early
and continue to produce an abundance of bloom until towards
winter, especially if the flowers are removed as they mature.
Hardy Upright Phloxes. — These are hardy herbaceous peren-
nials, and among the most useful and showy ones in cultivation.
The flowers are produced in great profusion, on upright stems
from one to three feet high, in the summer and fall months. The
plants are perfectly hardy, and will thrive in any garden soil.
After they have attained some size, the roots may be taken up in
the fall or spring, and be divided and reset. The following is a list
of desu'able varieties:
P. Alexandriena Varennes — Deep rose.
P. Delecata — Rich dark purplish crimson.
P. Glorie de Nieidly — Brilliant salmon red. •
P. Harlequin — Brilliant crimson, somewhat mottled.
P. Hector Rouillard — Distinctly striped crimson and rose.
P. L. Avenir — Salmon and red; very fine.
P. Mad. Aiiiezi Pothier — Pink with deep red eye.
P. Mad. Bellvenue — Deep rose, crimson center.
P. Mad. Bernian — Rosy purple, crimson eye.
P. Mad. de C^ambrez/— Large rosy purple, distinct dark eye.
P. Mad. de Wendall — Almost pure white, crimson eye.
P. Mad. Masson — Crimson, petals edged and striped with purplish
rose.
P. Mad. Pepin — Rose, with salmon centre and crimson eye ; dis-
tinct.
P. Mad Van Hoiitte— Light pink with bright crimson eye.
P, Mons. Duffe — Brilliant crimson.
THE HOME FLORIST. 28 1
P. Napoleon — Pure white distinctly striped with purple.
P. Roi des Roses — Rosy purple with bright crimson eye.
P. Startler — Striped rose.
P. Venus — Blush with carmine eye.
P. Victor Hugo —Striking i)urplish crimson.
Hardy Procumbent Phloxes (i¥bss Pi /i/b). — These differ from
the other sections of the family, in being of creeping habit, with
small pointed leaves. They produce their pretty flowers in May,
at which time the prostrate plants are literally covered with bloom.
Of the easiest culture. Propagate by division.
P. subulata — Pink flowers in immense numbers.
P. subulata alba — Pure white, similar in form and growth to the
preceding variety, and very attractive.
PILE A— Artillery Plant {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 80*').
Unique plants in their way, with graceful frond-like leaves,
which, when in flower, produce a snapping sound if water is
thrown upon them. They are useful either as pot plants or for
planting in baskets, vases. Ferneries, etc. , being in either case easy
to manage. Propagate from cuttings.
PILOGYNE SUA VIS {GreenJwuse Perennial, 34, 45, 90').
A charming climber, very dense grower; very useful for forming
growing festoons between small trees or stakes, etc. ; also, fine for
the house in winter.
PINK, GARDEN OR FLORIST'S {Hardy Perennial).
A class of hardy plants for the garden that belong to the genus
Dianthus. They much resemble Carnations, but are more dwarf.
The flowers are perfectly double, clove scented, and embrace
numerous colors in the different varieties, including pui*e white,
carmine, pink, etc., in some of which striking deep rose, maroon,
deep carmine and other colors appear in the center of the flower
or distinctly on each petal. Some are also beautifully fringed.
The plants may be propagated by cuttings or by layers, and will
thrive in any garden soil.
Pure White Hardy Pinks.
P. Sarah Howard — A fragrant, double, iDure white, free flowering
summer and fall Pink, not entirely hardy, but with slight
protection, very desirable; exceedingly valuable for bouquet
making.
282 THE HOME FLORIST.
P. Alba fimbriata — A double white early spring flowering sort, of
good form and substance, being fringed and very fragrant.
This one is grown extensively by florists for bouquet flowers;
perfectly hardy and unequaled for forcing in pots in the
winter, for which purpose any of the ordinary plants from
the garden may be taken up and potted in the fall without
previous treatment. (For forcing, 32, 50, 80° )
PITTOSPORUM l^OBIRK {Greenhouse Perennial, 32,40, 85°).
An evergreen winter blooming shrub of very easy culture, pro-
ducing small white flowers of exquisite fragrance not unlike the
orange bloom; there is a variety of same with variegated leaves;
propagates by cuttings.
PLUMBAGO {Greenhouse Pere.mial, 35, 50 85°).
Shrubby greenhouse pot plants, also suitable for bedding out,
producing large trusses of flowers during the season. They flower
freely in plants six inches high, and are desirable plants in any
collection,
P. capensis — Azure blue.
P. rosea— Beautiful bright rose.
P. alba — Pure white.
P. larpentea - Deep dark blue. This is entirely hardy and dur-
ing the summer is covered with its bright flowers. It does
not grow over eight to twelve inches in height.
POINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55
to 65, 100°).
A tropical plant of remarkable habit, and possessed of gor-
geous beauty when in bloom. The flower, or rather the floral
bracts that surround the flower proper, in well grown speci-
mens attain a diameter of one foot, and are of the most dazzling
scarlet. The plants require a warm place to develop the flower
heads, which appear in December and January, but with this
requi'ement supplied, they are of the easiest culture. Sandy soil
suits them the best. After their flowering season is over and
until spring they should leceive only enough water to prevent
the soil from becoming powder dry. The plants may be set under
the staging of the greenhouse during this time. In the spring
they may be repotted, afterwards when the weather is hot,
plunging the pots in soil in the open ground and leaving them
THE HOME FLORIST. 283
here until the time of returning them under glass, which should
be in September. There is a double variety of recent introduc-
tion which in some respects is superior to the single kind.
POLEMONIUM EEPTANS {Hardy Perennial),
A fine hardy plant of dwarf spreading habit, blooming in early
spring; the flowers are borne in clusters ; are bell shaped and of a
most beautiful bright blue.
POLYGONUM {Greenhouse aud Hardy Perennial, 34, 45, 80°).
P. scandens — A neat creeping or trailing plant of easy growth ;
has slender stems and small round leaves and bears a pro-
fusion of very small waxy white flowers ; splendid for
baskets.
P. filiforma folia variegata (Hardy Perennial) — Entirely
hardy variety, the leaves of which are variegated white
and green, bearing rosy pink flowers ialong racemes, which
drop over the foliage, giving a very pleasing effect. It
grows to the height of two feet.
POLYANTHUS— Primula Elatior, Cups and Saucers {Hardy
Perennial).
Pretty, early flowering, hardy garden plants that are found in
many collections. They flower mostly in May. The flowers ap-
pear in trusses on erect stems, and embrace various colors, in-
cluding brown with yellow eye and delicate yellow edge, rich
brown, almost black, either shaded or plain, various combina-
tions of crimson, yellow, sulphur, etc. The plants may be in-
creased by division, and also from seed. They delight in a light
loamy soil and are benefited by a covering of leaves or other
material through the winter.
POMEGRANATE, DWARF {Almost a hardy Shrub).
The fruit-bearing Pomegranate is a native of Asia, and is much
cultivated in warm countries. The dwarf, flowering kind is valu-
able for pot culture, bearing flowers of leathery substance. It is
a deciduous plant, and with pot culture may be stored in a cellar,
cold-pit, or under the staging in the conservatory during winter,
and until April, when it should be brought to light and started
into growth. In the Southern States the dwarf Pomegranate is
hardy with slight protection.
284 THE HOME FLORIST.
P. Double White— LsiTgQ double white.
P. Jas. Vick—A. variety which blooms when quite young, the
flowers are large and of the most brilliant orange scarlet,
grows from four to six feet in height.
P. Variegata— The flowers are very double, yellow, flaked with
scarlet, and almost the size of a Hibiscus flower.
POPPY— Papa VER (Hardy Annuals aud Hardy Perennials).
Showy and well known border flowers, apt to be despised
through ignorance of the really good qualities of the improved
varieties. The annual varieties are easily grown from seed,
which should be sown where the plants are wanted. Among the
perennial sorts P. hracteatiun is a scarlet variety. P. cy^oceum
orange ; an early and free bloomer. P. orientale (Oriental Pop-
py), large, orange red ; flowering the fore part of summer. These
are best raised from seed or may be increased by division of the
roots.
PORTULACA (Half-Hardy Annual).
Exceeiingly brilliant and popular low growing annuals of the
easiest culture. There are both double and single kinds, in-
cluding white, rose, golden, orange, crimson, scarlet, rosy purple
and other colors, besides beautifully striped varieties. The
Double Portulacas are of remarkable beauty, being as double and
perfect as a Rose. All luxuriate in an exposed sunny situa-
tion, and produce throughout the summer their distinct and
showy flowers in the greatest profusion, on which account they
possess value for planting in masses or in ribbon lines,
as well as for other purposes in adorning the grounds and gar-
den. A bed of either the double or single varieties, but espec-
ially of the former, forms as attractive an object as can be intro-
duced, particularly in all sunny weather. The plants are grown
with readiness from seed, wliich may be sown early in the open
ground, or in the hot-bed, or pots in the window, and afterwards
setting the young seedlings about eight inclies apart in the gar-
den. The seeds saved from double flowers will not all produce
perfectly double flowers, although a lirge enough percentage
may be depended upon from these to be satisfactory.
THE HOME FLORIST.
285
Portulaca.
POTENTILLA—CiNQUEFOiL {Hardy Perennial)
An extensive genus, mostly natives of the temperate zones,
some of which are w^orthy of cultivation, while many are ranked
among weeds. The foliage of nearly all the varieties resembles
that of the strawberry somewhat. There are in cultivation
both single and double flowering varieties, with such colors as
dark crimson, orange scarlet, blood red, blush and salmon, red
shaded with maroon; many are showy, and are produced with
little intermission through the entire season. Succeed in any
garden soil, and are increased either from seed or by dividing the
roots.
PRIMROSE— Primula {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 50, 85°).
This is a most valuable class of plants for pot culture, either in
the conservatory or window. They grow less than one foot in
height and produce an immense number of the purest white and
other colored flowers during fall, winter and spring. There is a
Double White variety, which is extensively grown for winter
flowers by florists. The flowers are an inch across, perfectly double
and of the purest white. This variety is increased with some
difficulty by division and from cuttings in the spring ; is rather
impatient of ill-treatment, and will not do as well in the window
as the single varieties. It requires a fine, rich soil, containing
286
THE HOME FLORIST.
Primroses.
considerable sand, and does not bear to be crowded closely
among other plants. In the summer it should be grown under
glass, heavily coated with a wash of lime and water. During
winter the glass should also be kept slightly whitened over the
plants, and as uniform a temperature as possible be maintained.
Water may be freely applied, but sprinkling the leaves or flower-
stems should be avoided. The Single varieties are reared from
seed, which is sown in the summer. These include flowers of
white, rose and crimson colors, and also some with finely im-
bricated edges. The directions given for managing the Double
Primrose are also applicable to the single varieties.
PYRETHRUM. (See Feverfew).
RANUNCULUS {Hardy Perennials).
Ranunculus Acris Flore Pleno (Butter Cup, Crow^foot)— A
hardy herbaceous perennial that is quite common. The flowers
are double, glossy, of a pretty yellow color, produced on upright
stems, two feet high, in June and July. Will thrive in any soil, and
when once introduced in a garden, there is no difficulty in keep-
ing it, as it grows freely and propagates by division very easily.
THE HOME FLORIST. 287
Eanunculus Asiaticus— Is a section which affords some of
the most splendid flowers in cultivation, but, unfortunately, our
winters are too severe to grow them without difficulty in the open
ground, on which account their culture is generally precluded,
except in the window and conservatory, where they may be
grown by observing the directions given for cultivating the Hya-
cinth and other Hardy Bulbs, etc., on page 52.
REINECKIA CARNEA {Hardy Perennial).
This plant has grassy leaves six inches to a foot long; the
flowers are rose colored and fragrant. They are very useful
plants in aquariums or for margins of fountains; propagates by
offsets.
RHODANTHE {Half-Hardy Annual).
A beautiful, though somewhat delicate, genus of Everlasting
flowers, grown from seed, which must be started in heat, and
succeed better growing in pots than if planted out.
R. atrosanguinea — Is a distinct variety, of dwarfish, branching
habit, the flowers of which are deep purple and violet, with
magenta ray scales.
M. niaculata — Rosy purple, with yellow disc; of quite strong
growth and large flowers.
R. maculata alba — Similar to the preceding, except that the
flowers are pure white, with yellow disc. This is the finest,
pure white, everlasting in cultivation.
R. Manglesii — Bright rosy color, and silvery calyx; rather deli-
cate for the open ground, but succeeds finely as a pot plant.
RHODODENDRON (Hardy Perennial).
The Rhododendron is one of the most valuable of our hardy dec-
orative plants. The leaves are broad, glossy and evergreen and the
plants when growing in groups, or bel^s, or alone, give a pleasing
effect in the midst of winter. Did it produce no flowers, it would
still be a most desirable hardy plant for every style of lavra
planting. In June, when the masses of rich and glossy green
are surmounted by scarlet, purj)le and white clusters, each clus-
ter large enough for a bouquet, the display is worthy of any ex-
pression of admiration. They bear pruning weU, and can be
kept down to two feet, or allowed to grow six or eight feet; as
standards, they are particularly fine.
288 THE HOME FLORIST.
They require only a good garden soil, which should be dug at
least two feet deep and mixed with some leaf mould or peat;
the ground should be mulched during the summer and a protec-
tion of leaves and brush be applied during the winter.
RHYNCOSPERMUM JASMINOIDES {Greenhouse Perennial, 36,
55, 95^).
A beautiful greenhouse plant, with glossy evergreen foliage,
producing masses of pure white Jasmine-like flowers, delightfully
fragrant; in bloom about May and June. It is of a climbing
habit, and presents a beautiful appearance when properly trained.
The flowers are very desirable for bouquets, etc.
R. jasminoides aurea variegata — Foliage variegated green, white
and carmine.
R. jasminoides argentea variegata — Foliage edged with silvery
white .
RICHARDIA ALBA MACULATA (Tender Bulb)
A plant belonging to the same genus as the Calla, with beauti-
fully spotted leaves. It flowers during the summer months,
either in pots or if planted out in the open border. The flowers
are shaped like those of the Calla, and are white, shaded with
violet inside. It is a deciduous plant, the root of which should
be kept dry in the winter in the cellar or under the bench of the
conservatory, and started in the spring like a Dahlia.
RICINUS— Castor Oil Bean {Half Hardy Annual),
A genus of ornamental seed-grown plants of stately growth,
and with picturesque foliage, that are highly useful for planting,
either singly or in groups, about the lawn or garden, or with
other strong-growing plants, possessing striking foliage or flowers
suchasCannas, Caladiums, Japanese Striped Maize, Hollyhocks,
Helianthus, etc. The seeds may be planted in the open ground
in May, or may be started a month earlier in pots, in the hot- bed
or window, thus securing showy pla.nts some weeks earlier. The
young plants will not bear much moisture or cold, and when
brought on inside should be kept near to the glass.
ROSE. (See pages 65 to 122.)
THE HOME FLORIST. 289
EIVINA HUMILIS {Greenhouse Perennial, 36, 55, 95').
Greenhouse evergreen, grown for its beautiful racemes of
bright scarlet berries. A plant of some size, is always full of
the fruit, which makes it quite attractive; of easy culture; the
flowers are white; increased by seed or cuttings.
EONDELETIA ANOMALE (Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, 95°).
A genus of greenhouse plants of dwarf habit, requiring a
rather warm temperature and frequent syringing. It is a very neat
plant, bearing vermilion blooms when quite small and continues
in flower during the summer; propagated by cuttings.
ROSEMARY — Rosemarianus Officinalis (Greenhouse Peren-
nial, SS, 45 to 55, 85°).
A common sweet-scented plant, of erect habit, much cultivated
as a house plant. It thrives with the most ordinary care, and is
generally prized by all who cultivate it. The plants may easily
be propagated from cuttings,
RUELLIA (Greenhouse Perennials, 35, 50, 90°).
A genus of free flowering plants, blooming continuously dur-
ing the season, and of easy culture.
P. Formosa— Bears scarlet salvia-like flowers in great profusion,
making it desirable for bedding.
R. macrantha—Has beautiful purplish pink flowers of large size,
being several times the size of the preceding variety.
RUSSELIA JUNCEA (Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 85°).
A splendid basket plant of neat, slender habit, with bright
scarlet flowers, which are very conspicuous, a color that is scarce
in basket plants.
SALPILGLOSSIS (Half-Hardij Annual).
Beautiful annuals for the garden, with funnel-shaped flowers,
richly colored, veined and marbled. On close examination the
blossoms will be found to have a rich, velvety softness seldom
seen in other flowers. But for the fact that the plants are of
somewhat slender and straggling growth, they would be exceed-
ingly desirable. Seed may be sown in the open border. The
plants should stand about eight inches apart.
290 THE HOME FLORIST.
SALVIA— Sage {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45 to 50, 80°).
A family of late summer flowering plants, suitable for the gar-
den. They are of robust growth, easily cultivated in any soil,
and form very attractive plants when in bloom. Easily increased
from cuttings, and most of the varieties from seed. The plants
may be lifted in the fall and be cut back severely and potted, and
thus kept in a growing condition, either in a light cellar, the
window or conservatory, until February, when new stock may
be propagated for spring planting.
S. officinalis tricolor — A beautiful variegated variety of the
common Sage; foliage blotched with white, green and
sometimes pink; dwarf, bushy habit; fine- for bedding.
S. patens — Flowers of the richest and most distinct blue; excel-
lent for pot culture.
>S^. splendens — A superb fall flowering bedding plant, growling to
a height of two to tlu-ee feet, and completely covered with
spikes of dazzling scarlet flowers, causing it, while in
bloom, to be, perhaps, the most attractive plant in the gar-
den. A sharp lookout should be kept for the green-fly on
this plant in the winter, as no other one is more liable to
attacks from this insect.
S. splendens alba— A. white variety, similar in form of growth
and flowers to the preceding. An excellent plant for
decorating the conservatory and window in the autumn, if
grown in a good -sized pot.
S. splendens variegata — Has beautiful white and scarlet flowers.
S. a»ia6i7is— Unquestionably the freest flowering of all the Sal-
vias. Small plants, set out the first of June last year, were
a sheet of bloom all Summer. Color deep violet, shaded
porcelain blue and white. A splendid flower to cut for
bouquets; it will stand a severe frost.
S. rw^27a7is (Apple-Scented)— Produces very freely neat spikes of
magenta-colored flowers, graceful foliage, wdth a very
agreeable apple fragrance.
S. hruantii — A dwarf growing variety, producing fine, large
flowers of a dazzling, velvety red color; extremely attrac-
tive.
S. rosea — A distinct winter-flowering Salvia, with rich, rose-col-
ored flowers, borne in spikes six inches in length, to con-
trast with the white, blue and scarlet varieties of Salvia.
It is very valuable.
THE HOME FLORIST. 29 1
SANCHEZIA NOBILIS VARIEGATA {Greenhouse Perennial,
35, 50 to 90").
A highly ornamental plant of good habit and vigorous growth,
producing large leaves of an intense green, the veins of which
are broadly margined with golden yellow. As a handsome, vari-
egated plant of easy culture in pots, it is very desirable, particu-
larly in a warm conservatory. A light, rich soil suits it the best.
SAXIFRAGA SARMENTOSA {Greenliouse Perennial, 32, 40, 80°).
A handsome plant of low habit, leaves nearly round and striped
freely with silver bands; blooms white, of great beauty and borne
in spikes of nearly '12 inches in height. It is especially adapted
for hanging baskets, vases, etc.
SCABIOSA— Mourning Bride {Half-Hardy Annual).
A garden plant of considerable value, grown from seed. There
ctre tall and dwarf kinds, the former attaining a height of two
feet; the dwarf , one-half as high, but both are of free growth
and produce distinct flowers of many colors and shades, from
white, through lilac, brick color, dark purple, etc., down to al-
most jet black. The flowers are produced on long, straight
stems, and, with being neat and pretty, are very useful for
cutting for summer bouquets. In flower from July to October.
The seed may be sown early in the open ground, or started in
heat, afterwards setting the seedlings a foot or fifteen inches
apart in the garden.
S. nana fl pi. — A dwarf variety, somewhat distinct, the flow-
ers are quite double and globular, extending through all the
colors of the tribe.
*S'. stellata (Starry Scabiosa)— The petals, or rather seed vessels,
of this variety are of jDCCuliar scaly texture, and when
dried are useful for arranging with the Everlastings and
dried grasses into winter bouquets.
SCUTTELARIA PULCHELLA {Greenhouse Perennial, 36,
50, 90°).
A neat greenhouse plant requiring but little care, being of very
easy culture. It makes a very desirable winter blooming plant,
at which time it produces its dazzling red flowers profusely. The
bloom is produced in terminal spikes. Propagated by cuttings.
292 THE HOME FLORIST.
SEDUM— Stone Crop {Hardy Perennials, XDrincipally).
Mostly garden plants, with thick succulent leaves, and very
tenacious of existence ; the common Live-f or-Ever belonging to
the genus. Some of the varieties are of erect habit, and are
attractive, while others are of creeping and trailing habit,
being useful for cultivating in pots in the window or con-
servatory, or for planting in baskets, vases, etc., to droop
over the edge. Among the latter S. Seboldii, with grayish green
foliage and wiry-like stems, and >S^. Seboldii variegata, similar to
the preceding, except that the leaves are variegated with yellow,
are considered the best. Will thrive in any soil and propagate
readily by division or from cuttings, which, of some varieties,
will root if simply laid where it is damp.
SELAGINELLA— Lycopodium {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 55, 90°).
Delicate plants of creeping and erect habits, with fine fol-
iage, and which delight in warm, moist, partially shaded situ-
ations, being, with the Ferns, an unequalled class of plants for
fernery culture. Properly treated they are a delight to every
cultivator, no matter what may be the extent of his collection.
Propagated from cuttings.
S. apus —A delicate little moss-like plant with small creeping
stems.
S. Cunninghamii — Tall, erect, Fern-like; deep green.
S. densa — A dense species, resembling a light green cushion of
moss.
;S^. denticulata — A pretty creeping kind; leaves dark green and
rounded.
S. denticulata aurea — A variety of the preceding marked with
bright yellow.
S. flabellata — Upright in growth and of a very deep green color.
S. involvens — Small, closely-set foliage of a bright green color.
S. lepidophylliini — Dwarf, cushion-like, pale green.
S. paradoxa — Very dark green; semi-erect; distinct.
>S^. plumosa — Large, spreading, erect, fern-like.
S. serpens— Of creeping habit; bright green, fading towards
evening.
S. uncinata — Brilliant, metallic, bluish foliage.
S. Warsceiviczii -hsLYf^e, erect, pale green.
S. Wildenovi— Delicate bright green; fern-like.
THE HOME FLORIST. 293
SEMPERVIVUM REPENS {Greenhouse Perennial, 35, 40, 80°).
May be justly called the miniature banyan, .tree. Its roots are
sent downwards, and becomes stems of the i)lant for its support,
and, when grown in a pan or shallow pot, it is a very interesting
plant, and cannot fail to excite the curiosity of all who behold it.
SENECIO {Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 80°).
S. scandens (German or Parlor Ivy) — A well known, rapid-grow-
ing climbing plant; well adapted for covering trellis work
quickly or training in the parlor ; leaves glossy green,
flowers yellow, in clusters.
S. macroglosis — A variety of this popular plant, w^hich is, per-
haps, more valuable than the old sort. It resembles the
English Ivy to such a degree that it is often mistaken
for it ; the leaves have a metallic lustre, the veins and ribs
being of a lighter coloi*. It has the same strong; vigorous
growth as the common German Ivy, and for baskets, etc.,
it is unsurpassed.
SENSITIVE PLANT. (See Mimosa Sensitiva.)
SMILAX. (See Myrsiphyllum Asparagoides).
SNAP-DRAGON. (See Antirrhinum.)
SNOWDROP. (See Galanthus.)
SOLANUM— Jerusalem Cherry, Etc., {Greenhouse Perennial,
33, 45 to 55, 90°).
A genus of plants including several useful species for pot cul-
ture in the window and conservatory and also for bedding. They
are of the easiest possible culture, thriving in any soil and under
apparently adverse circumstances. All may be easily raised from
cuttings, and the free fruiting varieties from seed.
S. jasminoides — Possesses a neat climbing habit, and has small,
dark green foliage and pure white flowers ; suitable for
training to a trellis or pillars in the conservatory.
S. pseudo-capsicum fol. var.—ls a dwarf variety of the above.
Aside of its other good qualities, the foliage is margined
with sulphur yellow to half the depth of the leaves.
Whether used as a house plant, for bedding, or for vases or
baskets, it is a useful plant.
294 THE HOME FLORIST.
S. pseudo-capsicum — Is the well known Jerusalem Cherry, pro-
ducing a large crop of scarlet, cherry-like fruit, from early
in the fall until after Christmas. Plants grown from seed
are more productive of fruit the first season, than those
struck from cuttings, or those several years old. Sow in
the spring for fall bloom, and bring forward during sum-
mer either in ample sized pots, plunged in the open air, or
else by planting them in the border and taking up and
potting the plants in September.
SPIREA {Hardy Herbaceous Perennials and Shrubs),
A genus containing species natives of Europe, Asia, and
America, and embracing both herbaceous plants and shrubs.
They are all hardy, and produce showy flowers, usually in pani-
cles, their prevailing colors being white, pink, crimson, etc. Of
the easiest culture in any garden soil, the herbaceous varieties
propagating by division of the roots. The Astilbe Japonica,
which is treated upon elsewhere, belongs to this family.
S. filipendula joleno— Is a highly esteemed species, with deep
green foliage of beautiful form, and clusters of pure white
bloom, produced in June on stems from one to two feet
high. There is also a variety of the last named one with
variegated foliage and whitish flowers.
S. Reevesiifl. pi. Beautiful pure white flowers. Very double, like
small Eoses, hardy.
S. Tliunbergia — A pretty white-flowering variety, with narrow
linear leaves. Valuable for forcing.
STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA {Greenhouse Perennial, 40, 55,
95°).
A noble greenhouse climber, can be planted out in the border of
the house and trained over the pillars and roof, or can be grown
in a pot with a trellis. It produces its waxy white flowers in clusters
like Bouvardias, and has a delicious fragrance unsurpassed. Much
esteemed by bouquet makers.
STEVIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 85°).
The Stevias, although distinct from the Eupatoriums, are, in
points of free-growing and winter flowering qualities and their
general requirements quite similar to that genus, being with them
also of the easiest culture and a valuable class of plants for the
THE HOME FLORIST- 295
conservatory, and also useful for window culture. As to their
management, follow the directions given for the Eupatoriums.
S. compacta — An early flowering species, with large compact
heads of pure white flowers; continues in flower nearly all
winter, and longer than any other variety of either Stevia
or Eupatorium.
S. serrata — A free-flowering species, blooming most freely about
the holidays. The flowers are white, fragrant, and ar-
ranged loosely and gracefully along the stems.
S. serrata nana— A very distinct variety of the well-known win-
ter-flowering Stevia Serrata. It never grows over eighteen
inches high, and it produces a. far denser mass of flowers
than the old variety; the flowers are whiter, and it is a
great improvement in every respect.
A double flower of the Stock.
STOCK — Gillyflower {Half -Hardy Annuals, Biennials and
Perennials).
A genus of half -shrubby plants grown from seed, which pro-
duce spikes of elegant, fragrant, single and double flowers of
many desirable and showy colors, including pure white. The
plants are in no respect delicate, being easily grown by almost
any one, and in the different sections afford varieties of the great-
est value, either for bedding or for pot culture in the window, the
conservatory (temperature 33, 45 to 55, SO") or the open-air plant
stand. Stock plants of every kind should be transplanted from
the seed pots or beds in which they are started whfle they are
296 THE HOME FLORIST.
quite small, as their slender roots soon extend to such a distance
that the plants cannot be taken up without loss of fine rootlets,
and consequent injury.
Ten Week Stocks.— These are important annuals, ranking in
general desirability with the Aster, Balsam, Phlox Drummondii,
Portulaca, Zinnia, etc. , but are superior to any of these in their
admirable adaptability to pot culture for blooming in the winter.
The section includes varieties, ranging in growth from one-half
to one and one-half feet in height, which embrace a large variety
of colors, such as white, bright crimson, carmine, blue, lilac,
chamois, rose, blood-red, yellow, violet, purple and various shades
of these, most of w^hich are beautiful, striking and fragrant, and
a large percentage of the plants will produce flowers that are
perfectly double. They delight in a well-enriched soil. For
summer flowering the seeds may be sown in the hot-bed or cold-
frame in April, or the open ground in May, and the plants should
stand twelve inches apart. For winter flowering, sow in July,
August or September, and cultivate in pots in the open ground
until cool autumn w^eather, when they should be moved under
protection, but still treated to an abundance of fresli air as late
in the season as possible, and also frequently in winter. During
their flowering season in pots, they will be benefited by occa-
sional waterings with weak liquid manure.
Autumnal or Intermediate Stocks. - This section are prized
on account of their flowering late in the autumn and winter,
which necessitates that they be grown in pots, and brought into
the window or conservatory for blooming. For this purpose the
seeds should be sown in the spring. Seeds may also be sown in
July or August, for plants to flower in the spring, A large num-
ber of bright and desirable colors are embraced.
Emperor or Imperial Stocks,— This desirable class of Stocks
are better suited for pot culture than for bedding, and are peren-
nial in habit, frequently lasting for several years. If the seeds
are sown in the spring they will bloom the following autumn,
while for spring flowering they should be sown in July and Au-
gust. The colors are white, rose and crimson, and the plants at-
tain a height of about eighteen inches.
Brompton Stocks.— The Brompton Stocks are biennial in habit,
flowering in the winter or spring from seed sown the previous
spring, in the window or conservatory. By wintering the
THE HOME FLORIST. 297
plants in a place sufficiently cool not to excite them into a free
growth and flowering condition, they may be planted into the
border early in the spring and will flower handsomely during the
summer. If a good quality of seed is sown, more than one-half
may be expected to produce double flowers. The flowers vary
from straw color to pure white, and rose to deep purple and
violet.
STEEPTOSOLEN JAMESONI (Greenhouse Perennial, 34, 45, 90')
Resembling in growth the Browallias, the leaves being rich,
deep green, alternate; of a compact, bushy growth, flowering
very profusely in numerous trusses; the flowers are lobed, nearly
one inch in diameter, opening bright orange and passing to rich,
deep cinnabar-red. It commences to flow^er early in March, con-
tinuing quite full through June and July.
SUNFLOWER. (See Helianthus.)
SWEET PEA— Lathyrus (Hardy Annuals and Perennials).
The flowering annual Peas are desirable and popular plants for
the garden; excellent in every way for bouquets and cut flowers,
and on the whole may be commended as one of the most essential
plants to every collection. The flow^ers are delightfully fragrant,
and yield a great variety of shades and colors, such as white, rose
and white, purple and white, scarlet, scarlet striped with white,
black, black with light blue, brownish purple, etc. Being a per-
fectly hardy annual, the seed may be sown as early in the spring
as the soil can be prepared. Sow in clumps, groups or drills,
placing sticks or other fixtures for the Peas to run upon, and
otherwise treat them the same as the common Garden Pea. By
cutting the flowers as fast as they bloom and keeping the plants
mulched, they will continue prolific all season.
Perennial Pea {Everlasting Pea). — A beautiful climbing per-
ennial, easily grown from seed. The flowers are red, white, rose-col-
ored etc., and are produced in clusters in long succession. An ex-
cellent plant for trailing to trellis, or an arbor, and is perfectly
hardy.
SWEET WILLIAM. (See Dianthus.)
298 THE HOME FLORIST.
TABERN^ MONTANA CORONARIA fl. pi. {Greenhouse Peren-
nial, 35, 55, 95°).
A stove shrub, bearing in profusion snow white flowers of
delightful fragrance. This is a highly valuable plant where cut
flowers are a requisite, and should be cultivated in every
collection.
TAGETES SIGNATA PUMILIA. (See Marigold.)
TECOMA JASMINOIDES (Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 80°),
In style of growth this somewhat resembles some of the Jas-
mine, though belonging to an entirely different family. Its
flowers are tubular shaped, white, with a beautiful pink throat.
It is naturally a climber, but can be grown in bush form by keep-
ing it well cut back; does well in the sitting room or greenhouse,
or bedded out in summer.
THUNBERGIA {Tender Annual).
Trailing and climbing plants for the conservatory and for win-
dow culture, being among our most valuable basket plants in
protected situations, and are also suitable for bedding. The
flowers are large, round, single and embrace peculiar colors, that
are certain to be admired. These are such as yellow, orange and
buff, with an intensely dark eye of large size in the center, and
there is also a pure white variety . The seeds should be started
early, in a warm place. The plants are of slow growth while
young, but as warm weather comes on they advance rapidly and
flower constantly for a long time.
THUNBERGIA {Greenhouse Perennial, 36, 50, 95°).
These are among our most useful greenhouse climbers requiring
but little attention; can be run up the rafters or on trellis.
T. Harrisii — An excellent vine for covering trellises, etc. The
flowers are tubular m form, two inches in length, bright
porcelain blue, with a yellow throat. A free blooming
plant of great merit
r. /ragra?is— Same as preceding, but with pure white flowers of
delicious fragrance. Much esteemed.
THE HOME FLORIST. 299
THYME — Lemon Scented {Hardy Perennial).
This plant is valuable for border decoration and for using in
baskets and rustic designs. The leaves are variegated, there
being two kinds, gold and silver.
TIGEIDIA— Tiger Flower {Tender Bulbous Perennial).
A bulbous plant for the garden, producing beautiful and curious
large flowers for a long time in the summer. Their colors in the
different varieties embrace orange, scarlet and white, with golden
variegations, and are distinctly spotted with black. The bulbs
may be planted in the open ground in May in warm situations,
and should be lifted again early in October. After allowing them
to dry, pack in dry sand or sawdust and store away from frosts and
mice also, I may add, for these will eagerly devour them if an
opportunity occurs.
TORENIA ASIATICA {Greenhouse Perennial, 50, 65, 100°).
One of the prettiest summer plants for vases or hanging baskets.
Flowers blue, of a Gloxinia-like shape. Flowers during the
summer months.
TRADESCANTI A— Wandering Jew {Greenhouse Perennial, 34,
40, 85°).
"Well known vines which are fine for hanging baskets and
vases, or for brackets. Will also grow well in water making a
drooping fringe of from two to four feet long.
TROP-(EOLUM — Nasturtiuim {Half Hardy Annuals and Green-
house Perennials, 35, 50, 90°).
A well-known genus, affording plants of strong-growing and
free-flowering habits, some of which are of dwai'f nature and
others climbers. The flowers are attractive and showy in a!l the
varieties, the prevailing colors being dark crimson, brilliant
scarlet, dark orange, sulphur spotted with maroon, etc. There
is a double flowering variety, of orange scarlet color, which, with
Star of Fire and varieties belonging to tlie Lobbianum section,
are mostly cultivated as perennials, being increased by cuttings.
300 THE HOME FLORIST.
The varieties which come under the headNasturtium, are grown
from seed planted either in the open ground, or in heat, and after-
wards set in the garden. Those classed with T. Majus, being
climbers of rapid growth, make an excellent covering for old
walls, trellises, etc.; while the varieties of T. Minus (Dwarf Nas-
turtiums), from their close, compact growth and richly colored
flowers, are suitable for bedding purposes.
T. Star of Fire — Is an exceedingly useful and easily cultivated
variety for pot culture in the conservatory, producing
dazzling flowers in the greatest profusion, and climbing
freely Qn. a trellis, pillar or rafters, if planted in a large
pot. By starting with young plants of this variety in the
spring, keeping them in pots, and placing them in a light
situaticm in the conservatory, each plant will produce hun-
dreds of flowers from November until spring, of the follow-
ing winter.
TroPuEOLIJM Peregrinum (Canary Bird flower). — This is a
beautiful climber, with finely cut foliage, the flowers of which are
a bright Canary-yellow, and when half open have a iDrefty and
fanciful likeness to little birds. The plants are well adapted for
covering trellises, etc.; and are easily grown from the seed,
which may be sown directly where they are required, or in heat,
afterwards transplanting the seedlings. In flower from July
until frosts.
TULIP {Hardy Bulb).
The common Tulip is so well known as not to require any de-
scription, suffice it to say that it is esteemed for its hardi-
ness, ease of culture in any soil, and the amazing brilliancy of its
flowers, which are produced early in the spring. The genus com-
prises numerous classes, including the early and late flowering,
both double and single, the Parrot, Due Van Thol, Bizarres and
Byblooms, in different varieties and colors, all of which are highly
desirable. The gorgeous coloring in many of the improved
varieties is remarkable, and a superiority can be claimed for the
family in this respect over any other garden plants. Among
the large and most double varieties, as well as the single, are to
be found pure white, white striped with rose, intense scarlet,
velvety crimson, rich bright yellow, glittering red, and many
other distinct colors. Tulips should be planted in the autumn,
as directed on page 32, at a distance of five or six inches apart.
THE HOME FLORIST.
301
Parrot Tulip.
giving the tall, late varieties even a little more distance, and all
a covering of about five inches of earth. The bulbs are also valu-
able for forcing in the w^indow or conservatory m the veinter, like
Hyacinths, Crocus, etc. , and special directions for their manage-
ment here, are given elsewhere.
TUBEROSE {Tender Bulb).
This is a bulbous plant, far less commonly grown than its mer-
its deserve, and producing many beautiful pure white, wax-hke,
sweet-scented, double flowers, on long, upright stalks. The only
difficulty in the way of this flower being generally cultivated, is,
that unless the tubers are started early, in artificial heat, our sea-
sons in the North are not sufficiently long for it to flower in the
open ground. Unlike the Gladiolus, Tigridia, and others, the
bulbs also do not produce new bulbs each year for flowering the
next. It is true that small bulblets form freely around the old
one, with each season's growth, but these must be cultivated one,
two or more j-ears before they will be sufficiently large for flow-
ering. The first difficulty in the way of their culture named, may
be overcome by starting the bulbs in pots, in a Marm place, late
in April and turning them into the garden soil the latter part of
302 THE HOME FLORIST.
May. Should frost, in September, threaten to destroy the flowers
before all are expanded, no plants are easier to take up than
these, and the roots may be carefully lifted, potted and
removed to the conservatory or a warm, light window,
where they can finish blooming. Although the Tuberose
requhes considerable heat to flower well, growing bulbs
may be transplanted, either in the spring or fall, with
safety. If it is desired to secure new bulbs for flowering, the
young bulblets should, in the fall or spring, be removed from the
old bulbs and planted in a warm part of the garden, not earlier
than the first of June, and then given clean culture until the first
of October. This must be repeated each year with all that are
desired for flowers, until they are strong enough to produce flow-
ering shoots. The bulbs of this plant require, during the winter,
to be kept in a dry condition, and where it is warm. The tem-
perature should not fall far below 45% or else they may receive
injury, from the germ of the next season's flowering shoot decay-
ing, although the external appearance would never indicate it.
The Tuberose is susceptible of being managed to flower in winter
by keeping the bulbs dry and starting them at any time, or at
intervals for succession up to August 1st; but they require a situ-
ation where the thermometer, in the night-time, will indicate at
least 60°, and ten or fifteen degrees higher during the day, other-
wise any attempt to force them must prove fruitless.
TRITOMA UYARIA — Red-hot Poker {nearly Hardy Perennial).
This beautiful garden plant throws up, in September, numer-
ous strong flower stems four feet in height, which are each sur-
mounted with a spike of red and yellow flowers of exceedingly
striking appearance. Although the Tritoma is nearly hardy in
this latitude, it is better to take up the plants in autumn and keep
them in a cool cellar or cold-pit, covering the roots with earth or
sand. Of the easiest culture, and they will thrive in any garden
soil.
VALLOTA PURPUREA {Tender Bulb).
This is a superb summer flowering bulb for pot culture, and
also suitable for bedding. It is easily grown, and in August
throws up its flowering shoots a foot or more high, each of which
is surmounted by five to eight lily-like flowers, of a brilliant
scarlet color. During its season of growth the plant should be
THE HOME FLORIST. 303
abundantly watered, and exposed to the sun as much as i^ossible.
In October water should be gradually withheld, allowirg the
roots to become fully dry by November, in which condition they
should be kept in any dry place, away from the frost, until March,
when they may by applying water be started into growth again
for another season of flowering.
VERBENA {Annual or Greenhouse Perennial, 33, 45, 80°).
The Verbena is in every respect a desirable bedding plant, but
of little use for pot culture. In the open air it is a rapid grower,
an abundant bloomer, and the flowers in the varieties embrace
colors and shades, varied without end almost, and exceedingly
bright and attractive; indeed there is not a dull color to be found
among them. Verbenas set out in May require but a warm shower
to start them into rapid growth, and tlie plants will, in the hot
weather of June, assume a spreading form, and from then
on be continually in bloom. By August the upright single
stem plant that was set in May, will have extended to three feet
across, and will at all times be covered with scores of beautiful,
bright and in some varieties, fragrant flowers. Verbenas will
thrive in any soil, but, without exception, it should be in a
good state of fertility. I would particularly caution inexpe-
rienced growers against planting too close in the beds ; three feet
is near enough. Do not grow them on the same spot too often,
as they do much better on fresh soil. After the plant has made
some growth, the stems should be pegged down to the ground
with hair-pins, or little sticks like matches, four inches long
crossed over them. The Verbena is most generally increased
from cuttings, although it can be easily raised from seed. The
advantage of adopting the former method is, that the splendid
named varieties can be maintained pure beyond a doubt from
year to year, while it can never be known exactly what colors
will come from the seed. Seed grown Verbenas also lack the fine
form of the selected, named varieties, each of which is likely to
equal the best that could be selected from among thousands
grown from seed. In the winter, stocu: plants require a cool,
light, airy situation, on which account it is a difficult matter to
keep up healthy ones in a window. Where it is desired to keep
over stock it is far better to start with, young plants that were
propagated from cuttings, in September, than to take up and
keep over the old plants. Propagation for bedding in the spring
;o4
THE HOME FLORIST.
Verbenas.
may be done at any time from January until April, but the young
plants should be given as much light and air as possible. To
grow seedlings, sow in February, March or April, provide plenty
of light and air, and never allow them to be crowded. Verbenas,
if well hardened, will bear some freezing without its killing them.
Verbena Montana (Hardy Verbena).— This is a pretty, free-
growing hardy plant, for the garden. The flowers are simi-
lar in form to the tender varieties; of a bright rose color, chang-
ing to lilac, and are produced in great profusion all summf r. The
plant is of low spreading habit, and very handsome when covered
with bloom.
VERONICA {Half-Hardy Perennial, 30, 45, 75°).
A class of plants blooming during the fall months, that are
well adapted for bedding and pot culture. The flowers are borne
on spikes from three to five inches in length, running through
the various shades of purple, rose, lilac and white, and are attrac-
tive. The plants succeed in any soil, and when growling in the
garden may be taken up and preserved in a cold-pit during winter
THE HOME FLORIST. 305
Veronica.
or may be kept in a cool part of the conservatory. There is
a handsome variegated variety which is highly attractive, either
as a pot, basket or vase plant, or for bedding.
VIBURNUM, SNOWBALL {Hardy Shrub).
The common and well known Snowball shrub is a strong, hardy
i^rower, covered when in bloom with large balls of pure white
dowers, really resembling balls of snow, but much pleasanter for
snowballing purposes than real snow.
V. plicatum — This is a new variety introduced from Japan and is
said to be superior to the old sort, being of dwarf er growth.
VIRGINIAN STOCK {Hardy Annual).
This beautiful little annual is a native of the shores of the
Mediterranean. The seeds may be sown directly where the plants
are wanted, early or at any time in the spring. The plants grow
six inches high, and embrace in the respective varieties, red,
white and rose colored flowers. The flowers are small and distinct;
are produced in great profusion on erect stems well above the
plant, from early in the season until after frosts. Useful for
massing and in ribbon beds, and may also be grown as an edging
plant. The plants to flower well should stand not closer than
three or four inches apart.
3o6
THE HOME FLORIST.
Snowball.
VIOLET {Hardy Perennial),
Famous spring flowering plants, very highly esteemed for
their earliness, and the rich refreshing fragrance of the flow-
ers, which include shades of color from violet to white in the dif-
ferent sorts. There are double and single varieties, the for-
mer being most highly prized, although they lack somewhat in
hardiness. These are forced extensively for winter flowers,
in all the large cities where a good demand for cut flow-
ers exist. Plants designed for this purpose, are grown in the
open ground during the summer, at a foot apart each way. In
August these are gone over, and the runners which start
into growth about this time are removed by pinching them
close to the plants. This operation is repeated every few wrecks,
and in October the plants are taken up and potted, or if to be
forced in the conservatory they may be planted directly in the
beds. The plants will not bear close confinement, and a crop of
flowers can only be expected where the plants are kept cool (32,
45, 75°) and treated to an abundance of fresh air. The double
THE HOME FLORIST. 307
varieties may be wintered with entire safety in a cold-pit, or by
receiving protection in the open ground. Out of doors for per-
manent, all the violets delight in cool places, and a little shade.
Propagate by division and cuttings.
V. Belle de Chatenay—l^ew double white Violet. The flowers
are pure white, most delicately perfumed; of immense
size, and very double.
V. Double Blue — Light blue.
V. King of Violets — Large and double, indigo shaded with
violet.
V. Lackawana — Single dark blue, very fragrant, fine for forcing.
V. Marie Louise — Dark blue flowers, larger than the Neapolitan. .
V. Princess Louise — Double white.
V. Queen of Whites — Fine double white, very fragrant .
V, White Czar — Producing very large single flowers, sweetly
scented. Flowers said to be larger than any other known
in this class; strong growth and free flowering.
V. Swanley IVhite— In this we have that great desideratum, a pure
white Violet, which is never tinged with pink or purple
under any conditions. It will be equally valuable as the
purple variety Marie Louise, from which it is a sport,
for forcing, as its flowers are the same size and are as freely
produced as in that variety. Exquisitely fragrant. The
Swanley White will be a novel feature in bridal bouquets
and other fine floral work.
WALL FLOWER— Cherianthus Cheiri (Half Hardy Perennial).
This is a well-known plant, of the easiest culture from seed,
and suitable for pot or garden culture. It commences flowering
in the spring of the second season after sowing; during the pre-
ceding winter it should be kept in the cellar, cold-pit, or cool part
of the conservatory. There are handsome double and single
flowers, very fragrant, with orange and yellow colors predom-
inating, and these shaded with red, brown or violet.
WAX PLANT. (See Hoya).
WEIGELA ROSEA {Hardy Shrmb).
This is one of the most useful hardy shrubs for borders, etc. It
is very ornamental when in flower during June and July. The
308 THE HOME FLORIST.
flowers, which are produced in great abundance, are of a rose
color. There is a Variegated Leaved variety which is very hand-
some, and a number of other fine kinds.
WISTARIA— Chinese Glycine {Hardy Clwiber).
One of the most popular hardy vines, growing rapidly, climb-
ing to a height of fifty feet or more, and when in bloom present-
ing a truly magnificent appearance.
W. Sinensis — The favorite, producing thousands of rich clusters
or pendulous racemes of delicate violet-blue blossoms,
richly perfumed.
W. Sinensis alba— A white variety of the above.
XERANTHEMUM {Hardy Annual).
A class of everlasting flowers, possessing much merit for dry-
ing for winter decoration. There are white and several shades
of light purple flowers, which are double and borne on long sub-
stantial stems that retain their strength with drying. The plants
are robust and easily grown from seed, which starts readily and
may be sown in heat or where the plants are wanted.
YUCCA FILAMENTOSA— Adam's Needle {Hardy Perennial).
A tropical-looking plant, with long narrow leaves that remain
green the esitire year. It throws up a strong flower-stem in sum-
mer, three to four feet high, bearing a large spike of creamy-
white, bell-shaped flowers, which retain their beauty a longtime.
ZINNIA, DOUBLE {Half-Hardy Annual).
The improved Double Zinnia of the present day is emphatically
one of the most valuable annuals that can be grown, and deserv-
ing of a place in every flower garden. The pla^t is robust, free-
growing and exceedingly prolific of bloom, and may be easily
raised from seed sown under glass, transplanting the plants when
small, or the seed may be sown in the open ground, as soon as
danger from frost is over. The flowers from good seed are of a
beautiful form and texture, perfectly double in the best sorts,
and afl'ord white, scarlet, yellow, purple, salmon, violet and other
colors in the different varieties. They begin to appear when the
plants are very young, retain their attractiveness for a long time,
THE HOME FLORIST.
309
and increase in number and beauty until hard frosts. While
the flowers of the Zinnia, like those of many other choice double
seed-grown plants, will not invariably come double, yet enough
may be depended upon to produce a large percentage of double blos-
soms from the best strains of seed. Let the plants be set six or
seven inches apart, in rows twenty inches apart, and then as they
come in flower thin out the poorest, and thus retain plenty of
those of superior quality. This thinning must be done with cau-
tion, and several flowers should be allowed to form on a plant be-
fore deciding whether to pull it up or not, for plants which will
in season produce the most double flowers, frequently show their
first ones only partially double. The Zinnia will thrive in any
good garden soil.
3IO THE HOME FLORIST.
THE FLORICULTURAL OPERATIONS OF
THE YEAR ARRANGED BY WEEKS.
The successful cultivation of plants and flowers depends large-
ly on the performance of all the work connected therewith, at
the right times, and some kind of a reminder of the various
operations as they should occur, is serviceable to cultivators and
especially to those who can devote but a small portion of their
time to floriculture. The following will be found an arrange-
ment of the various operations of the florist during the year,
into fifty-two parts, which are respectively adapted to the fifty-
two weeks of a year. It is most perfect in its application, to
latitudes between 42° and 43°, and persons living north and south
of this should calculate somewhat upon the difference between
their own latitude and this one in making use of the arrangement.
In dividing a year into fifty-two weekly parts, each week for
the sake of convenience may begin on the same day that the first
week beginning with January 1 commences on; thus, January
1 falling on "Wednesday, so January 8, January 15, and all the
dates given below will fall on Wednesday, and so of any other
day of the week. The only exception to this is after February
29, during a leap-year, and here the difference one day is so
slight as to be of little consequence.
The matter under each weekly head is -designed for the week
commencing at the date given. Although nearly all the opera-
tions named may with safety be performed either at a time pre-
ceding or following the week under which they appear, those
printed in italics are of general interest at the season in which
they are given, without reference to the particular week they
may be under.
The following abbreviations are made use of : W for Window;
Con. for Conservatory; O. A. for Open Air; C. P. for Cold-Pit;
W. F. for Winter Flowering.
THE HOME FLORIST. 31I
January 1— First Week.
Read in the preceding pages all about the required temperature,
adaptability and culture of each plant included in the collection.
Pay strict attention to airing when the weather is mild, watering,
destroying insects, etc., in the Con., W. and C. P.— See Dec. 17
and Oct. 15. Give Callas, hardy forcing bulbs, etc., (see list Oct.
8) plenty of water. Fuchsias at rest may be started. Repair at
once any glass happening to get broken.
January 8— Second Week.
Give plants in W. extra protection during severe nights. Study
and decide early what improvements it would be desirable to make
about the grounds; also to what extent you will engage in. or in^
crease upon floriculture during the coming year. Ascertain the
number of plants, etc., required, and govern subsequent propa-
gations, the procuring of plants, seeds, etc., accordingly.
January 15 — Third Week.
Continue to bring in kinds named under Oct. 8, and Roses, etc.,
under Oct. 29. Tie up Hyacinths and other flowering plants.
Keep Pelargoniums near the light. Syringe and wash plants, etc.
see Nov. 26. See that dormant Canna and other tubers, etc.,
named under Oct. 8, are not suffering from any cause,
January 22— Fourth Week.
Seeds under Feb. 19 may be sown, for early. As bulbs pass out
of flower, cut away the flower stalks. Keep the earth in the pots
mellow at the top. — See Dec. 17.
January 29 — Fifth Week.
Make hot-bed sash, etc. — see Dec. 10. Study to improve plants
by pruning. Encourage W. F. Roses, etc . , by occasionally ap-
plying liquid manure.
February 5— Sixth Week.
February is the month for propagating from cuttings, all kirds
of common soft-wooded plants in the W. and Con. for adornment
during the coming year, and nearly everything will now strike
readily, therefore, as fast as suitable growth is afforded make cut-
tings and propagate . After Poinsettias have flowered, rest them.
Provide seedling Plants named under Aug. 20, and Oct. 29, with
an abundance of pot room, air, and light, and they will grow
rapidly.
February 12— Seventh Week.
Continue to bring in for forcing, kinds named under Oct. 8, and
Roses, etc., under Oct. 29. Starf Chrysanthemums to propagute
from. Provide an abundance of manure outside for future
use.
3-12 THE HOME FLORIST.
February 19— Eighth Week.
Seeds of Pansy, Verbena, Salvia Splendens, Petunia, Stock,
Sweet Alyssum, Mimulus, Maurandia, Ice Plant, Sensitive Plant,
Delphinium, Dianthus, Antirrhinum may now be sown to secure
strong plants for spring and summer flowering. As the season ad-
vances plants ivill need more water, and shoidd have an increase
of air; be ever on guard against insects — see Oct. 15, Dec. 17.
Have clean pots and good soil on hand for newly-started plants.
February 26— Ninth Week.
See that implements, vases, etc. , for summer use are in repair.
Give all cuttings close attention. Perfect plans as alluded to un-
der Jan. 8. Water abundantly all plants that are being forced.
Give the Fernery daily attention— see Dec. 24. See that climbers
of all kinds have suitable support.
March 5— Tenth Week.
See Cliat a proper quantity of stock is coming on, either by
propagation or otherwise. 'Propagation from cuttings should
still go on for spring plants, and Chrysanthemums, Eupatoriums,
Stevias, Roses, Carnations, Violets, Libonia, Laurestinus, Jas-
minums, W. F. Fuchsias, Cytisus, Chorozema, Abutilons, etc. , for
W. F. be struck. Pinch back the shoots of newly started plants
to induce a stocky growth. Pot cuttings as soon as possible after
they are rooted. Dormant Lemon Verbenas, Richardias, Ges-
neras, Mimulus, and the like, may be started to grow. Out door
work, such as grading, trenching, etc. , should be commenced as
early as the soil can be worked, but beware of digging stiff, loamy
soil when it is wet.
March 12— Eleventh Week.
Kinds named under Oct. 8, and Roses, etc., under Oct. 29, may
still be brought in. Provide j^ot plants ivith all the room needed
for developing good forms now that they are growing fast. See
''As the Season Advances,'' etc., Feb. 19, also Oct. 15 and Dec. 17.
March 19 — Twelfth Week.
From the time Camellias start into growth until antumn they
require to be shaded from the sun; will also need more water, fre-
quent syringing and may be pruned if desirable. Attend to air-
ing Ferneries, see Dec. 24. Hot-beds may be made for general
purposes. If Anemone Hortensis tubers have been kept over,
plant at first opportunity. Double white Primroses may be prop-
agated by cuttings or division.
March 26— Thirteenth Week.
Seeds of Gomphrena, Coboea, Amaranthus, Celosia, Ipomoea,
Thunbergia, Canary Pird Flower, Canna, etc., may be sown in heat.
Hot-beds shoidd be very carefully aired, watered and protected;
allow for the admittauce of a little air during the night time
THE HOME FLORIST. 313
when the weather is mild. Lilies may be started in pots. Olean-
ders, Oranges and Lemons, Cactus, Pomegranates, Hydrangeas,
may be started into new growth ; repotting if needed. Calceo-
larias, Cinerarias, Pelargoniums, may be treated to liquid manure
occasionally. Give cutting close attention; pot off when slightly
rooted. Bedding and other plants in pots will do well in a good
hot-bed. Push out-door work as the season will allow. A good
share of the protection applied to beds, plants, etc., in the fall
should be removed if not yet done. Sodding may be done as
soon as the ground is settled.
April 2— Fourteenth Week.
Cuttings may still be made of Verbenas, Petunias, Achyran-
thes, Coleus, Salvias, Heliotropes, Fuchsias, German Ivy, etc., for
summer decoration, and the kinds named under March 5th for W.
F. Seeds of Acroclinum, Aster, Balsam, Browalia, Cacalia,
Celosia, Helichrysum, Helipterum, Japanese Maize, Marigold,
Petunia; Ricinus, Phlox Drummondii, Portulaca, Scabiosa,
Stocks of all kinds, Tropaeolum, Wall Flower, Xeranthemum,
Double Zinnia, and those named under Feb. 19 may be sown in
heat. If the soil is dry Hardy Perennials may be taken up,
divided and reset, as required, and Lilies be planted.
April 9 — Fifteenth Week.
Not much fire heat is likely to be needed after this date in the
Con. — see ''As the Season Advances,'" etc,, binder Feb. 19. Dah-
lias, Caladiums, Cannas, Amaryllis, Vallota, and similar things,
maybe started in heat. As the soil becomes fit. Candytuft, Sweet
Pea, Convolvulus minor. Mignonette, Clarkia, Sweet Alyssum,
Briza, Coix Lachryma, Lupinus, may be sown in the O. A.
Overhaul plants remaining in the C. P. and give almost full ex-
posure to the air.
April 16 — Sixteenth Week.
Keep ivatch of the seed-beds, ivatering ivhen necessary, removing
weeds, and thinning and transplanting plants that stand too
close. Watch for and destroy all insects in the W., Con., etc., as
with warm weather they multiply rapidly —see Dec. 17. If W.
plants can be set outdoors during a warm shower they will be
benefited. Early hanging baskets may be planted. Sow lawns,
if ready. Divide and reset edgings of Statice. Plant out Trito-
mas, etc. Secure plenty of loamy turf, manure, refuse hops, etc.,
for potting soil.
April 33— Seventeenth Week.
Start Tuberose bulbs in a warm place. Pot up and shade
young Double White Primroses. Cold-frames may be sown with
seeds named under April 2, etc. Hot-beds may still be sown. If
they have been well aired. Carnations, Pinks, Violets, for W. F.,
etc. , also Veronicas, Penstemons. and Pansies, may be planted
out. Make a planting of Gladiolus, and continue doing so at
intervals of ten days or two weeks, until June 15.
314 THE HOME FLORIST.
April 30— Eighteenth Week.
Give an abundance of air to all plants; attend to pinching back
such as need it. All plants will need close attention now as
regards watering, lest they suffer from drying out — see Feb. 19
and Dec. 17. See "Keep watch of Seed-beds, etc., April 16.
3Iow the lawn as soon as a little growth of grass has been made;
repeat every two weeks or oftener, during the season.
May 7— Nineteenth Week.
If well-hardened, Roses, Verbenas, and the hardiest annuals
and other plants may be set out. See " Transplanting." Seeds
may be sown in the O. A. of Animated Oats, Amaranthus,
Amobium, Antirrhinum, Aster, Browalia, Cacalia, Calendula,
Calliopsis, Campanula, Agrostemma, Clarkia, Morning Glory,
Erysimum, Escholtzia, Godetia, Grasses, Gypsophila, Helian-
thus, Helichrysum, Leptosiphon, Nemophila, Pansy, Petunia,
Phlox Drummondii, Poppy, Portulaca, Salpiglossis, Scabiosa,
Ten-week Stock, Tropseolum, Virginian Stock, Xeranthemum,
Double Zinnia besides those named under Aug. 13. The ventila-
tors of the Con. may be kept open almost constantl3^ See that
no Red-Spider affect Roses, Fuchsias, etc. This is a very small
insect appearing on the under-side of leaves, in large numbers,
and causing them to turn brown and finally to drop — see May 21.
Cut away flower stems of bulbs out of bloom, but let the leaves
grow.
May 14— Twentieth Week.
The planting out of all but the most tender plants may go on.
Plant out Dahlia tubers. Sow seeds of Solanum in jDots, for
autumn and winter decoration, and in the open air tender annuals,
such as Balsam, Calandrina, Celosia, Helipterum, Japanese Maize,
Marigold and Mirabilis. Keep a lookout for Rose Saw-flies — see
'^Insects Injurious to Roses," page 117.
May 21— Twenty-first Week.
The glass of the Con. may be shaded, except over Noisette and
other Roses. These should be syringed frequently, as also shoidd
Camellias, Fuchsias and other plants kept in during summer. To
create moisture for preventing attacks of Red Spider, water
should also at all times be freely used on the walks and about the
Con. The ventilators should be kept open, Azaleas may be re-
potted and moved out ; also Agaves, Caladiums, Dracenas and
other ornamental pot plants, designed for the lawn, etc. Winter-
flowering Roses, Bouvardia, Jasminums, Poinsettias, and those
named March 5, to be grown in pots during summer, should be
moved to the O. A. and carefully plunged in soil or other sub-
stance to prevent their drying out; each one should be placed on
a stone, pot-sherd or slate, to prevent angle worms entering
through the hole below. House plants may be moved to summer
quarters. Vases, hanging baskets, etc. , may be put out, and new
ones still be planted. Fuchsias, Geraniums, Ageratums, Cupheas,
THE HOME FLORIST. 315
Petunias, Heliotropes, etc., make handsome pot plants for fall
blooming if propagated now, and kept pinched back for eight
weeks. Plant out Bouvardia, started Dahlias, Coleus. also Tig-
ridia, Amaryllis, Vallota, and sow Ricinus, Acroclinium, Rhod-
anthe, Ipomoea and other tender seeds. If not yet done, W. F.
Fuchsias should be given a rest.
May 28— Twenty-second Week.
Tropseolums and Heliotropes, for W. F., may be propagated;
also a general collection of such things as will be useful for win-
ter decoration, including plants with ornamental foliage, and for
Ferneries, also Ivies, and the freest -growing plants named under
March 5. New lawns yet to be sown, should be seeded with as
little delay as possible. Any of the seeds named under May 7-14,
etc., may still be sown in the O. A. Be prepared to destroy Rose
Slugs as they appear — See June 18, also July 9.
June 4 — Twenty-third Week.
Planting of Geraniums, Verbenas, and all started bedding
plants is still in order. Set out young Tuberose bulblets. Callas
should be given a rest of several months when done flowering.
Keep Double White Primroses in shade and give plenty of space.
June 11 — Twenty-fourth Week.
Pinch back Carnations, Bouvardia, and other W. F. plants that
require it. After all x)lants for out-doors have been moved from
the Con. it should be thoroughly cleaned for the summer. Wash
empty pots. Watch for and destroy Chafers on Rose bushes.
June 18 — Twenty-fifth Week.
Peg down Verbenas and other trailing bedding plants. See
"Summer Culture,'" "Watering Plants,"" etc.,'" "Removal of 2Ia-
tured Flowers.^^ Mow the lawn frequently. Maintain neatness in
all parts of the grounds. Water hanging baskets, vases, pot
plants, etc., abundantly. Syringe and use water fi^eely in the
Con., not neglecting Camellias. Provide Sweet Pea, Morning
Glory, and all other climbers with support, as needed.
June 25— Twenty-sixth Week.
Repot, if necessary, Roses, and other W. F. plants named and
alluded to under May 21, and keep well watered and plunged.
Propagation of plants named and alluded to under May 28 may
still go on. As strong young shoots of Perennials, Roses,
Shrubs, etc., are formed, layering may be done.
July 2— Twenty-Seventh Week.
Any building or improvement of Conservatories which is con-
templated, also repairing of glass, etc , should be done, to have
them ready for plants in Sept. and Oct. Sweet Alyssum, Ten-
week Stock, Mignonette, and the other kinds named under Aug.
20, may be sown for W. F. Candytuft, Mignonette. Phlox,
Erisymum, may be sown in O. A. or frames for late blooming.
3l6 THE HOME FLORIST.
July 9 — Twenty-eighth Week.
Keep edgings clipped, and cut the edges of grass borders occa-
sionally. Allow no iveeds to grow either in the walks or beds.
July 16— Twenty-ninth Week.
Layering of Carnations, Pinks, Roses, etc., should receive at-
tention where suitable growth is afforded — see June 11 and 18.
July 23— Thirtieth Week.
Should the season prove dry, Dahlias, Carnations, newly-plant
ed trees, etc., will be benefited by mulching. Plants alluded to
under May 28 may still be propagated. Seeds of the kinds named
under August 13 and 20 may be sown thus early.
July 30— Thirty-first Week.
Pinch and use the knife freely on monthly Roses and all rapid-
growing plants — see "Pruning." For potting soil, see April 16.
After they are done flowering give Pelargoniums a rest. For
^Rust on Roses" — see page 118.
August 6— Thirty-second Week.
Callas may be started to grow. Keep flowering Dahlias, Glad-
iolus, Lilies, etc., tied to stakes. The re-potting of Oleanders,
etc. , named under March 26, is seasonable, after they have made
a growth. Carnations, for early winter flowers should receive
their last heading back.
August 13— Thirty-third Week.
Winter-flowering Fuchsias may be started. Propagation of
Geraniums and other plants alluded to under Sept. 10 may be be-
gun. As they require it re-pot W. F. plants named and alluded
to under May 21. Sow Seeds of Pansy, Hollyhock, Delphinum,
Dianthus, Aquilegia, Canterbury Bells, Digitalis, Lychnis,
Myosotis, Perennial Poppy, Lobelia Cardinalis, Antirrhinum, and
all other Perennials and Biennials — see June 18, also July 11.
August 20— Thirty-fourth Week.
Sow for winter and spring decoration, Calceolaria, Cineraria,
Coboea Scandens, Cyclamen, Primula, Smilax, Ten- Week Stock.
For drying everlastings gather before fully expanded, tie in small
bunches, and hang in the shade. In gathering seed, save that only
from the best flowers.
August 27— Thirty-fifth Week.
Provide pots, potting soil, fuel, etc. Lilium Candidum may
now be reset. Layering may still be kept up.
September 3— Thirty-sixth Week.
Giva Fuchsias rest as they cease to flower. Remove runners,
and cut back W. F. Violets— see July 2.
THE HOME FLORIST. 317
September 10— Thirty- seventh Week.
Bouvardias and others of the more tender plants for winter
decoration aJso Tuberoses not yet done flowering, may be taken
up and potted. Propagation of a general stock of tender plants
should be engaged in, which are to be increased during the fall
and winter for spring and later use. Those named under October
1 may be deferred until then. Repot such W. F. plants named
and alluded to under May 21 as require it.
September 17 — Thirty-eighth Week.
Hardy bulbs named under Oct. 8 may be planted in the O. A. or
started for forcing. Be on your guard against frosts, and pro-
tect for a week or two longer, or take in, all W. F. plants, for the
window or conservatory. Vases, hanging baskets and the showy
pot plants named under May 21, may be left out longer by care-
fully protecting in cool and frosty nights.
September 24— Thirty-ninth Week.
See "Treatment of Plants designed for W. F.," also Eoses.
Pelargoniums may be cut back and started into growth. Give
cuttings close attention daily, and see ''Keep watch of seed-beds,^''
etc.. April 16. Lift Carnations, Violets and other plants of a
similar degree of hardiness, that are designed for winter flower-
ing. Propagation should continue to go on with all tender
plants. A little flre heat may be needed on cool, frosty nights.
— See Oct. 15. The bulbs under Oct. 8, may be planted.
October 1— Fortieth Week.
Ferneries for winter adornment may be planted. Petunias,
Centaureas, Carnations, Pinks, can be propagated better now
than earlier; Verbenas strike well yet. Chrysanthemums may he
stimulated with liquid 7nanure. Pot cuttings, soon as they are
rooted; thin out, transplant or pot any seedlings ivhich may re-
quire it. Sow, for early plants next year, Clarkia, Calliopsis,
Candytuft, Erysimum, Mignonette, Nemophila, Perennial and
Sweet Pea, Larkspur.
October 8— Forty-first Week.
Now is the time for planting in the O. A., or starting in pots,
etc., for forcing, the hardy bulbs of Hyacinth, Tulip, Crocus,
Narcissus, Jonquil, Lilium Longiflorum, Iris, Crown Imperial,
Snowdrop, etc. After sharp frosts, take up, dry and store aAvay
for winter, Canna, Caladium, Dahlia, Amaryllis, Gladiolus, Tig-
ridia, and Tuberose, bulbs, etc. Commence drying off Vallota.
October 15 — Forty-second Week.
Give plants in the Con., W. and the C. P., an abundance of air
daily as long as the iveather will admit, and also some later all
during the winter. By no chance allow a higher temperature to
exist at night than woidd be suitable in the daytime, neither strive
3l8 . THE HOME FLORIST.
to l^eep as high a degree in cloudy iceather as in clear ; never sub-
ject plants of any kind, and especially Roses, to strong drafts of
air ; open ventilators in the Con. on the side away from the wind
in cold iceather. Secure Lemon Verbena plants. Haul, manure,
sand, etc., under shelter for winter use. See " Taking Up Plants
in the Fall." On Insects, Watering, etc.— See Dec. 17.
October 22— Forty-third Week.
Take up Feverfews, Penstemons, Veronicas, for stock plants.
Oleanders and other hard-wooded plants named under March 26,
may be placed in winter quarters. Water Callas abundantly.
October 29 — Forty-fourth Week.
Sweet Alyssum, Mignonette, Ten week Stock, Maurandia,
Browalia, etc., may be sown for winter and spring decoration.
Young plants of Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Stevia, Eupator-
ium, Pink, Violet, that are too small for flowering, may he kept
safely during icinter at a night temperature of 4:0" to 45°. Roses,
Deutzias, Dicentras, Lily of the Valley, Pinks, Daisies, Violets,
Astilbe Japonica, for winter and spring forcing, may be taken up,
potted and stored in the C. P. or cellar. In taking them in from
the C. P., etc., dialing winter, never commence forcing too rapidly;
the same with hardy bulbs.
November 5 — Forty-fifth Week.
Hardy bvlbs named under Oct. 8, may be planted in the O. A.,
as long as the ground remains open, and be started for forcing
two months yet. Fall struck cuttings and seedling plants in small
pots should be shifted as required. Be very particular not to al-
low the seedlings, named under Aug. 20, to become pot-bound.
November 12— Forty-sixth Week.
At this season the grounds should be cleaned up generally;
vases, etc., secured; rubbish and dead plants removed; manure
applied; beds worked over, etc. The earliest started bulbs, for
forcing, named under Oct. 8 may be brought in. On the care of
Ferneries, see page 51 and under Dec. 24.
November 19 — Forty-seventh Week.
Protect, by laying down or otherwise, Roses, Shrubs, etc., be-
fore the winter sets in severely; mulch the roots for a good dis-
tance around. For airing, temperature, etc., of the Con. and
W., see Oct. 15. For watering plants, destroying insects, etc., see
Dec. 17.
November 26— Forty-eighth Week.
Improve plants by p)inching and pruning. Wash the foliage of
Ivies, Wax Plant, Camellias and other house plants occasionally,
and syringe Roses in the Con. frequently. Cuttings of such plants
as stock appears short of should be made at first opportunity. See
"Removal of Matured Flowers," page 31.
THE HOME FLORIST. 319
December 3— Forty-ninth Week.
As soon as the ground is frozen, a dressing of straw or hay
should be applied to beds of fall-planted hardy bulbs. Pansies,
and other tall-grown seedlings. Top-dress the lawn with well-
rotted manure if the soil has become impoverished. Chrysanthe-
mums, after flowering should be cut down and moved to the
cellar, under Con. staging or some other similar place. See that
Tuberose bulbs are stored in a warm place; also that all bulbs,
seeds, tubers, etc., are secure and safe from frost, mice, etc.
December 10— Fiftieth Week.
Give extra protection to plants in the W. in severe cold flights.
Bring in, for forcing, kinds named under Oct. 8 and Roses, etc.,
under Oct. 29. During the leisure of winter make hot-bed sash,
mats, rustic work, trellises, etc.
December 17 — Fifty-first Week.
Keep the earth mellow in pots, and the pots clean. Should the
soil become hard, 7'emove the top and replace ivith fresh earth.
Guard stinctly against and destroy all insects. If a plant becomes
infested, never allow it to stand among,clean ones. In the Con.
fumigate with tobacco frequently as a j)reventive. Aim to icater
all plants just enough and no more. In the winter, as a rule, never
vmter except in the forenoon. Provide plants with stakes when-
ever they are required. On airing Con. and W. see Oct. 15,
December 24— Fifty-second Week.
Pay attention to propagating such planta as are ivanted large
or early, or of which stock is scarce. Air the Fernery a little daily,
remove decayed leaves orfloicers, and if water is needed api^ly it
moderately, without fear of harm. As the different Eupatoriums
and Stevias pass out of flower, cut down to induce a new growth
from which to propagate.
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