Hopi the cliff-dweller

HOP

THE CLIFF DW

MARTHA JEWETT

HOPI

THE CLIFF-DWELLER

BY

MARTHA JEWETT

EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING CO.

Boston New York Chicago San Francisco

Copyright, 1909

BV

EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

T

O the smaU travelers whose

hands are knocking at the
doors of the lands of the un-
known, this volume is dedicated,
with the sympathy of one who
has passed that way before, and
the hope that they may be led
into larger realms of thought.

26115G

SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS

"Hopi the Cliff-Dweller" is designed for children of
the second primary grade. Reading, Language, and Liter-
ature go hand in hand ; one cannot be taught without the
other. It may be used as a basis for language work in
the hands of the teacher, then as a reader in the hands of
the children.

Extensive work in language should precede, having
children reproduce orally. Let them express by means of
charcoal or water color, or work out concretely on the sand
table.

When the children have " lived " with these Cliff-
dwellers; when they have learned all about their life and
habits, and can reproduce in substance; then they are pre-
pared to read.

The vocabulary may be found at the back of the book.
All new words should be developed on the blackboard, be-
fore the reading lesson, either by phonics or word-building,
according to the judgment of the teacher.

6

HOPI THE CLIFF-DWELLEK

HOPI THE CLIFF-DWELLER

Here is a Cliff-dweller.
The Cliff-dwellers were Indians.
They lived hundreds of years ago.
The Cliff-dwellers lived in this country
before Columbus came here.

8

Would you not like to visit the homes
of the Clifif-dwellers?

They lived in the far West.

The land there has hills like tables.

These high hills are of red sandstone.

The sides of these table-lands are
called cliffs.

The sun shines bright and hot on them.

The Cliff-dwellers lived on these cliffs.

The cliffs looked down into canyons.

Canyons are the deep hollows between
the table-lands.

There are some very deep hollows.

Many cool springs flow from them.

You may drink from these springs.

9

The Cliff-dwellers' houses were on the
high cliffs.

They also had farms.

The farms were down in the valleys.

But the houses were high up on the
mountains.

There were no trees near.

10

The Cliff-dwellers built their houses of
rock.

The walls of rock were put together
with a plaster made of mud.

Openings were left in the walls.

Stones were placed against these holes
to keep out enemies.

11

HOPI

Hopi was a little Cliff-dweller.

He was an Indian boy.

He had dark skin and coarse, black

hair.

His head was flat, because he had been
tied to a board when he was small.

12

His teeth were hard and white, and
were worn oflf from munching corn.

Hopi's mother hiid him up against the
rocks when he was little.

She pounded the corn for dinner.

His father was often away from home.

He hunted with his bow and arrows.

He wore a shirt woven from strips of
the bark of the basswood tree.

Around his neck was a string of bright-
colored beads.

In winter he wore loose trousers of
buckskin, which came just below his knee.

He wore leggings, too, and moccasins
made of skin.

13

Hopi had thick, coarse hair.

He made a brush of leaves of stiff grass
tied together.

He brushed his hair with this brush.

Then he stuck a turkey feather in his
hair.

The Cliff-dwellers were not a very
clean people.

They had very little water.

They sometimes went to far off streams
for water.

Hopi's home was built high upon the
cliffs.

It was made of rocks brought from the
sides of the mountains.

14

The walls of Hopi's home were plastered
with mud.

His mother plastered these walls.

She left the mark of her palm on the
soft plaster.

There were steps cut into the rock.

15

Long ladders were also used for climb-
ing up and down.

These ladders were made from trees,
which grew far away on the rocky slopes.

With stone axe and knife they chopped
down these trees and trimmed their tops.

They cut cross-pieces and bound them
with green bark.

In Hopi's house there were four rooms
with small, round openings.

At the back was a granary.

This granary was a store-room high up
in a nook of the rocky wall.

Here were the large water jars filled
with water, and bins of corn and beans.

16

There was no furniture in this house.
There was only a stone bench.
This stone bench was all around the
room.

It was often used for a table.
There were stone boxes, too.

17

Hopi's father was a potter.

He made oUas, or water jars, from the
wet clay.

He put the jars in the hot sun, and
baked them.

He painted pictures on them.

He painted them in bright colors.

18

Hopi's father was a hunter.

He hunted the wild deer, that his
family might have meat.

He hung the deer meat in the store-
room.

He killed the deer with his bow and
arrows.

He skinned it with a stone knife.

Hopi's father was a warrior.

A warrior is a soldier.

He fought the wild Indians with his
tomahawk of stone.

He had a bow and stone-tipped arrows.

He fought with stone knives and
wooden clubs.

19

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5?;7^v^™7Ti55rrT5!;?rj!T!srT7;!«!r^^

Hopi's father was a farmer.

He planted the corn on the rough
mountain sides between the rocks.

He planted the beans in the dirt on
the cliffs.

Hopf s father was a weaver.

He wove baskets of dried grass.

20

He plaited the corn husks which he had
torn into strips.

He made sandals out of them.

He wove shirts from strips of the bass-
wood bark.

Hopi's father herded the turkeys.

Hopi had a turkey for a pet.

He had a blanket made from its
feathers.

He put a feather in his hair.

Hopi's father made stone arrow heads
and si3ear heads.

He made axes and hammers of stone.

He tied them to wooden handles with
strips of bark.

21

Hopi'8 mother cooked the dinner.
She gathered an armfnl of cedar twigs.
She took a piece of steel and a flint.
She struck them together to get a
spark of fire.

This spark lighted the brush.
Now she had made the fire.

22

Hopi's mother cooked in the baskets.

She wove these baskets from dried
grass.

She filled the baskets with water.

Then she dropped hot stones into the
water.

The stones made the water hot.

Hopi's mother pounded the corn with a
stone.

She mixed the pounded corn with
water.

Then she poured this mixture on a hot
stone.

This is the way she made the piki or
paper bread.

23

-^•^

Hopi's house had a store-room.
In this store-room was kept the meat.
Bins filled with corn and beans were
here.

The water jars were put in here, too.
Back of this room was a reservoir.

24

This reservoir was a place sunk in the
rocks for holding water.

When it rained, the water came down
and filled it.

In the dry season it was empty.

The water was used for cooking and
drinking.

25

There was a ledge before the door of
the house.

This ledge was the yard.

Hopi played hi the yard.

His brother Ninah played with him.

Hopi loved his brother.

His dog Lobo played with them.

Hopi loved his dog.

Lobo was a yellow dog.

He had white spots.

He was a wolf dog.

Let us play we are Cliff-dwellers.

We will build our house of rocks on a
high place.

We will plaster the walls with wet clay.

26

We will plant corn between the rocks
on the hillside.

We will tend the garden.

We will herd the turkeys.

We will plant the grain.

Then we shall be farmers.

Let us make water jars of wet clay.

We can put them in the sun and bake
them.

Then we shall be potters.

Would you like to be a weaver?

We will weave baskets as the Cliff-
dwellers did.

We will weave the baskets from the
dried grass.

27

HOPI IN PEISON

Hopi grew into a large, strong boy.

He was as old as we are — just six
years old.

He played on the rocks with his
brother.

They played together just as all little
boys do.

The little Indian boy made strings of
beads.

The beads were of many colors.

He wore these beads around his neck.

Hopi and his brother were very happy.

They laughed and talked together in
their language.

28

The Cliff-dwellers spoke the Hopi lan-
guage.

They understood each other just as we
do when we talk to one another.

We Avould think their language a very
strange one.

We could not understand them.

Do you think you would like to string
beads with Hopi on the high cliffs?

Hopi would always greet you by say-
ing, "Lolami."

"Lolami" means "Good morning" in
the language of the Cliff-dwellers.

Hopi always said "Lolami" to all
whom he met.

29

When Hopi was six years old, he and
his brotlier Ninah were playing on the
cliffs outside their rocky house.

They were playing in the door yard on
the ledge.

They were making necklaces out of
red berries.

30

They laughed and were very happy.
Their dog Lobo was with them.

All at once the children heard terrible

«

noises down the cliffs.

The air was full of yells.

The wild Indians had come to fight and
kill them.

To their home up on the cliff came
the wild Indians.

They scaled the high rocks.

They climbed up the niche stairway,
cut in the side of the cliff.

These wild men had painted faces, with
feathers in their hair, and tomahawks in
their hands.

31

The quiet Cliff-dwellers fought with
them, for they had come to kill them.

The war-whoops sounded again and
again, up and down the canyon.

They were all fighting for their lives.

Ilopi's father pushed one wicked Indian
over the ledge.

32

He fell far down to the bottom of the
deep valley and was killed.

Another Cliff-dweller threw the Indian's
brother like a war club over the ledge, to
lie by the dead Indian.

Before Hopi could think, his mother
rushed out and took him in her arms.

She thrust him into the granary and
put the large stone against the door.

This store-room was at the rear of the
house.

Now, she thought, the wicked Indians
cannot get him.

In the next room, he heard his dear
mother scream.

33

She screamed when one of the wild
Indians folloAved her to kill her.

Frightened almost to death, little Hopi
scarcely dared to breathe.

He listened.

He was very much afraid.

What should he do?

Did he hear his mother's voice calling
her boy, "Hopi," "Hopi"?

O why did his mother not come to
him?

He could hear nothing.

All was still, so terribly still, that his
heart gave a jump, then almost stopped
beating.

34

He called "Mother!" "Father!"
Then he called "Indian!" "Anyone!"
No mother's voice answered the little
boy.

Where were they?

Had they all been killed?

Poor little Hopi!

35

He cried until, tired out, he sank upon
the floor, asleep.

He dreamed sweet dreams.

In these dreams he and his brother
Ninah were stringing berries for neck-
laces.

His mother was cooking dinner.

His father was down in the valleys
tending the gardens.

At last he awoke.

How long ago it seemed since he had
been a happy little boy, playing on the
rocks !

He was alone, now, shut up in this
room.

36

He could not get out.

Against the opening his mother had
put a stone.

This stone was so heavy that he could
not move it.

Happily, for him, in this granary were
corn and beans piled high.

There were boxes of dried meat.

This meat was pomided fine.

Hopf s father had put the meat here.

He had laid it between melted tallow.

There were rolls of piki or paper bread,
which his mother had cooked.

In one corner were hi^ winter leggings
and trousers.

37

In the reservoir, over the wall, there
was water.

Stout wooden pegs were fastened in
the wall

Hopi could climb to the top by these
pegs, and reach the small opening above.

This opening led into the reservoir.

Hopi was a very hungry boy.

He ate the piki and buffalo meat.

Then he drank the water that he found
in the water jar.

When he was satisfied, he sat on a pile
of buffalo robes to think.

How strange it was!

Do you not feel sorry for Hopi?

38

What would you have done?

He knew that his mother and father
must be dead.

If not, they would have come to him.

They would not have left him alone
through the long, dark night.

No sound came to him, yet he listened.

He listened and waited.

Should he cry?

No, he would be brave.

Besides, who could hear him?

But the tears would slip out of the
corners of his eyes.

Down his cheeks they came, faster and
faster, until he cried as hard as he could.

39

Just then he heard the howl of a wolf.
The wolf was calling to his mate.
Hopi was not afraid.
He felt that he was not alone.
He climbed up to the hole that opened
into the reservoir.

He could see the wolf.

40

He sat for hours looking across the
water.

He wished he could get out into the
air and sunshine.

The water in the jar was gone.

How could he get any water from tlie
reservoir ?

It was so near and yet so far.

He could not reach down to the water.

He would bring the water to him.

He took the leather thongs off the ends
of the meat boxes.

He used one for a rope.

He drew up water in his mug.

In this way he filled the jar.

41

As the days passed, he looked upon this
room as his home.

He pounded his corn.

He ate it uncooked, as he did not know
how to make a fire.

He sat on one box and used the other
for a table.

One day he heard a noise in the house
like scratching.

He knew it was his dog.

"Lobo! Lobo!" he cried, "Lobo!"

"My dear dog Lobo!"

He was answered by a joyful bark.

The dog ran hither and thither, trying
to reach Hopi.

42

He ran around the house.

He ran to the shelf of the reservoir.

Hopi climbed up and saw him looking
at him across the water.

He jumped from the hole down into
the opening.

Oh, how happy they were!

43

Hopi hugged him, and Lobo barked
with joy.

Now Hopi was not so lonesome.

Lobo went in and out, bringing Hopi
rabbits to eat.

Hopi talked to him in his own lan-
guage.

Lobo understood him.

One day Lobo went away.

He did not come back.

Hopi waited and waited.

No Lobo came back.

Several days and nights followed, but
he did not come.

Poor little Hopi!

44

He would sit in the opening and watch
the sunlight come and go.

He drew up the water in the basket.

He felt very lonely.

He looked again and again for Lobo.

Where was he?

Had he been killed?

Had he forgotten his little friend
Hopi?

One night an owl flew down into his
room.

He welcomed him gladly.

How happy he was to see some one.

He fed him with pieces of buffalo meat.

They grew to be great friends.

45

The owl's night is the day, you know.
He can see better at night.
They were happy companions.
When a long time had passed, whom
do you think came to Hopi?
His dog Lobo.
What do you think he brought to Hopi?

46

His mother's shoe.

He barked and wagged his tail.

Hopi would never know what had hap-
pened to him.

Now Hopi began to notice that the
supply of meat, corn, and beans would
soon be gone.

He must get out of this place or he
would starve.

The water, too, in the reservoir was
almost gone.

What should he do?

He sat in the opening and looked down
into the reservoir.

A thought seemed to come to him.

47

Lobo was with him as usual.

He filled the baskets with the few
beans and grains of corn that were left.

He tied the strips of leather on the
baskets.

All this time, Lobo jumped up and down,
barking joyfully.

He seemed to understand when Hopi
told him that he was going out into the
world with him.

He ran backwards and forwards.

Hopi threw the leather strips through
the hole into the reservoir.

Then he climbed up and cast a long,
loving glance at the room below.

4:8

49

He felt sorry to leave this room that
had sheltered him so long.

It had been his home for two long
years, although he did not know this, for
he could not keep account of the time.

He, Lobo, and the owl had lived, for the
most part, a pleasant life.

Lobo was calling to him from the cliff
outside the reservoir.

He must go!

He jumped into the reservoir.

What a long jump it was!

But he landed safely on his feet.

He pulled the baskets carefully into the
reservoir.

50

51

Now how could he get upon the ledge
that ran around the reservoir?

First, he stood on top of the baskets, but
they all tumbled to the floor.

He looked hard at the straight wall.

Lobo was at his feet barking, talking to
him in his dog language.

Oh! he would get on Lobo's back.

So he stood up on Lobo's back, and
threw the strips over the ledge.

In this way he could pull the baskets
to him when he was on the other side.

He climbed up slowly.

Lobo gave one loud bark.

Hopi was safe!

52

HOPrS ESCAPE FEOM PRISON

When Hopi was safely upon the ledge,
Lobo jumped up after him.

Hopi pulled up his baskets.

Away these two would now go into the
great world.

Hopi had at last made his escape from
his dark prison.

He walked around the house.

He found a stone knife and a ladder.

His father had made this ladder.

He climbed the ladder and went into
the front rooms.

There was nothing to be seen.

Everything was gone.

53

Hopi was thirsty.

He and Lobo must go in search of
water.

Side by side they climbed up and down
the cliffs and canyons.

How good it was to breathe the fresh
air and walk in the sunshine!

How good it was to be free!

Soon they would go and find Hopi's
mother.

Hopi knew that Lobo would surely
find her.

How the little boy longed to see her!

They had not gone far, when they spied
the gleam of water.

54

vV«i- ^V'k

It was a small stream, which was fed
by a cold spring.

Hopi and Lobo took a refreshing drink.

Hopi then retraced his steps toward his
old home.

In another storehouse he found corn,
beans and meat.

55

He tied the legs of his trousers tightly
around the bottom.

He filled one leg with corn and the other
with beans.

He bound a piece of deer meat on Lobo's
back.

Lobo had a basket in his mouth.

This basket was for water.

Hopi said "Good-bye" to his old home.

He would go far west and hunt for his
people.

He and Lobo started on the journey.

They drank from the little streams.

They slept together under the stars.

They traveled for many days.

56

At last they saw houses in the distance.

Lobo barked joyfully.

He tried to tell Hopi something.

Hopi wondered what he meant.

As they approached these houses on
the cliffs, Hopi saw that they looked like
his own that he had left behind.

57

People came running out to him.

They were his own people.

One woman rushed forward and gath-
ered him to her bosom.

It was his long-lost mother!

She kissed him, and cried, "My son
Hopi!".

The wicked Indians had taken his
mother prisoner.

She had run away from them and
found her people.

They had been driven away from their
homes.

They had settled here.

She had often longed for her son Hopi.

58

She thought he had been killed by the
wicked Navahos.

Now Hopi and Lobo were truly happy.

Hopi told all his people how he had
escaped from prison.

They prepared a great feast for him.

Hopi understood now where I^obo had
been those weeks, when he had missed
him so much.

Now he knew where he had gotten his
mother's shoe.

Good old Lobo!

How all the people loved him for his
kindness to Hopi!

Do you think Lobo was a good friend?

"LOLAMI"

" Lolami," call the springs among the
foot-hills,
" Lolami," gleam the peaches in the sun.
As brown-limbed lads do bravely breast
the swift rills
And merry maidens up the niche
stair run.
While daring fathers boldly hunt the
wild deer
And loving mothers weave their
baskets bright;

59

60

Or happy farmers glean their grain, the
home near,
And potters mold their clay before
the night.
"Good morning," to the dwellers of the
cliff-land.
Fleet morning passing all too soon
away.
And leaving but a memory of the brown
band.
That fought and lived and conquered
in its day.

— Margaret Randolph Jewett

AN INDIAN LEGEND

In the heavens there are seven little
stars.

These stars are called the Pleiades.

They look as if they were quite close
together.

Sometimes people call them the Little
Dipper.

The Indians tell a story about these
stars.

There were once seven little Indian
boys who were great friends.

Cl

62

Every night they used to come to a
little mound to dance and feast.

They would first eat corn and beans,
and then one of their number would sit
upon the mound and sing, while the others
danced around the mound.

One time they thought they would have
a much grander feast than usual, and
each agreed what he would bring for it.

But their parents would not give them
what they wanted, and the lads met at
the mound without their feast.

The singer took his place and began
his song, while his companions started to
dance. '

63

As they danced they forgot their sor-
rows and "their heads and hearts grew
lighter," until at last they flew up into
the air.

Their parents saw them as they rose,
and cried out to them to return; but up
and up they went until they were changed
into the seven stars.

Now one of the Pleiades is dimmer
than the rest, and they say that it is the
little singer, who is homesick and pale
because he wants to return, but cannot.

64

VOCABULAKY

Page 7

visit

them

Hopi

homes

looked

Cliff-dweller

far

down

here

West

into

is

land

canyons

were

there

deep

Indians

has

hollows

lived

hills

between

hundreds

tables

some

years

these

very

ago

high

many

this

are

cool

country

red

springs

before

sandstone

flow

Columbus

sides

from

came

called

may

Page 8

cliffs

drank

would

sun

Page 9

you

shines

houses

not

bright

also

Uke

hot

had

65

farms

keep

off

valleys

out

from

but

enemies

munching

mountain

Page 11

corn

trees

little

mother

near

boy

laid

Page 10

dark

him

built

skin

up

their

coarse

she

rock

black

pounded

walls

hair

dinner

put

his

father

together

head

often

with

flat

away

plaster

because

hunted

made

tied

bow'

mud

board

arrows

openings

when

wore

left

small

shirt

stones

Page 12

woven

placed

teeth

stripe

against

white

bark

holes

worn

basswood

66

around

grass

stone

neck

tied

axe

string

stuck

knife

bright-colored

turkey

chopped

beads

feather

trimmed

winter

very

tops

loose

clean

cross-pieces

trousers

people

bound

buckskin

water

green

which

brought

four

came

Page 14

rooms

just

mark

back

below

palm

granary

knee

soft

store-room

leggings

steps

nook

too

cut

large

moccasin

Page 15

jars

skin

long

filled

E 13

ladders

bins

thick

used

beans

brush

climbing

Page 16

leaves

grew

furniture

stiff

slopes

only

67

bench

wild

pet

boxes

tomahawk

blanket

I»AGE 17

stone-tipped

heads

potter

wooden

spear

oUas

clubs

hammers

wet

Page 19

handles

clay

farmer

Page 21

baked

planted

cooked

painted

rough

gathered

pictures

sides

armful

Page 18

between

cedar

wild

dirt

twigs

deer

weaver

took

that

wove

piece

family

baskets

steel

might

dried

flint

have

Page 20

struck

meat

plaited

spark

bring

husks

fire

skinned

torn

lighted

warrior

into

now

soldier

sandals

Page 22

fought

herded

mixed

68

poured

played

neck

mixture

brother

brother

piki

Ninah

happy

paper

loved

laughed

bread

dog

language

Page 23

Lobo

Page 28

kept

yellow

understood

back

white

another

reservoir

spots

think

Page 24

wolf

strange

place

Page 26

would

suuk

hillside

greet

holdiug

tend

" Lolami "

rained

garden

whom

dry

grain

Page 29

season

Page 27

outside

empty

large

rocky

cooking

strong

making

drinking

old

necklaces

Page 25

just

berries

ledge

played

Page 30

door

colors

heard

yard

around

terrible

69

noises

thought

Page 36

yells

cannot

heavy

scaled

dear

move

niche

scream

happily

stairway

Page 33

melted

painted

almost

tallow

faces

death

Page 37

PaCxE 31

scarcely

stout

quiet

dared

pegs

fought

breathe

reach

war-whoop

listened

fastened

pushed

jump

hungry

sounded

beating

satisfied

wicked

Page 34

buffalo

Page 32

anyone

sorry

bottom

answered

Page 38

valley

Page 35

knew

threw

sank

slip

rushed

dreamed

corners

thrust

sweet

cheeks

granary

shut

faster

store-i-oom

awoke

until

rear

opening

hard

ro

Page 39

trying

Page 46

howl

lonesome

shoe

mate

Page 43

wagged

alone

rabbits

tail

Page 40

away

happened

hours

Page 44

notice

across

watch

supply

sunshine

sunlight

place

reach

drew

starve

bring

lonely

thought

thongs

forgotten

Page 47 .

ends

friend

usual

boxes

night

jiuuped

rope

owl

joyfully

mug

flew

world

Page 41

welcomed

backwards

passed

gladly

forwards

uncooked

pieces

Page 49

scratching

great

felt

joyful

Page 45

leave

bark

better

sheltered

hither

companion

although

thither

passed

account

71

pleasant

Page 53

drank -

outside

thirsty

slept

landed

search

under

safely

breathe

traveled

pulled

fresh

Page 56

carefully

air

joyfully

Page 51

free

tried

stood

surely

wondered

tumbled

longed

meant

straight

spied

approached

barking

gleam

behind

pull

Page 54

Page 57

slowly

refreshing

people

loud

retraced ^

running

Page 52

toward

woman

escape

another

rushed

prison

Page 55

forward

two

tied

bosom

great

legs

kissed

world

tightly

wicked

dark

good-bye

prisoner

walked

started

driven

found

journey

settled

72

Page 58

Page 60

grander

killed

glean

usual

Navahos

mold

each

truly

night

agreed

told

passing

parents

prepared

fleet

place

feast

memory

Page 63

weeks

band

forgot

kindness

conquered

sorrows

friend

Page 61

heads

Page 59

heavens

hearts

peaches

seven

lighter

brown-limbed

stars

rose

lads

Pleiades

return

bravely

quite

changed

breast

close

dimmer

swift

Dipper

homesick

rills

story

merry

Page 62

maidens

mound

daring

dance

boldly

number

wild

sing

14 DAY USE

RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED
LOAN DEPT.

This book is due on the last date stamped below, or

on the date to which renewed.

Renewed books are subjea to immediate recall.

-'53f®

NOV 1^1958LU

i> i^(b

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'JlKc

UNiVhRSilYof CALIFGR^!

BERKELEY

igCCtR-MW^^*^

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>3.'9

lOffnr SEP 1 5 75

OCT 2 9 1977

(6889sI0)?76B

General Library
University of California
Berkeley

U,C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES

C03Q1STD10

261156