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EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
PRINTED BT ORDER OF
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
DURING THE
FIRST SESSION OF THE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS,
1865-'66.
IN SIXTEEN TOLIJIXIES.
Volume 1 No. 1. Diplomatic : Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Volume 2 No. 1. Interior.
Volume 3 No. 1. War : Parts 1 and 2.
Volume 4 No. I. War — Appendix : Parts 1 and 2.
Volume 5 No. 1. Navy.
Volume 6 No. 1 to No. 4-
Volume 7 No. 5 to No. 49.
Volume 8 No. 50 to No. 72, except Nos, 52 and 56.
Volume O No. 52. Paris 1 and 2.
Volume 10 No. 56. Commercial Relations.
Volume 11 No. 73. Parts 1 and 2.
Volume 12 No. 74 to No. 133, except Nos. 75 and 102.
Volume 13 No. 75. (Quarto.)
Volume 14 No. 102. Smithsonian Report.
Volume 15 No. 136. Agricultural Report,
Volume 16 No. 134 to No. 156, except No. 136.
WASHINGTON:
OOVBBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1866.
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INDEX
TO
THE EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTS
OF V THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES,
OF THE
FIBST SESSION OF THE THIRrY-NINTH CONGRESS.
Title.
Vol.
No.
Page.
A.
Aotdemj of National Sciences. Report of Profrssor Joseph Henry of the
operations of the
Adjutant General of the United States. Annual report of the, (part 1 )
Agriculture, Commissioner of. Receipts and dishursements in his office.
Letter from the
A^rricultare. Report of the Commissioner of
Alabama to resume direct tax assigned to that State. Message from the
President communicating application of
American seamen. Letter from the Secretary of State relative to relief and
protection of
Appropriations for the naval service for the year ending June 30, 1865.
Letter from the Secretary of the Navy transmitting statement of the
Appropriation for the Dismal Swamp canal. Letter from the Secretary of
iLe fn^asury recommending an
Appropriations and expenditures connected with the Indian service. Mes-
sage from the Presiuent of the United States relative to
Architect of the Capitol extension. Report of the
Army, brevet rank conferred on officers in the regular. Letter from the
Secretary of War relative to
Army, re<ralar and volunteer. Message from the Presidtmt of the United
States in reference to number of men and officers in the
Army, organization of the. Message from the President transmitting letter
from General Grant relative to the
Arre5t of American citizens in Ireland. Message from the President rela-
tive to
Artificial limbs furnished soldiers at the expense of the government. Letter
from the Secretary of War relative to
Attorney General, relative to paper and printing in his office. Letter
from the
Attorney General. Clerks in his office
Atwater, Dorence. Secretary of War transmitting papers in the case of . .
Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Office Department, of the operations
of bis office for the year ending June 30, 1^65. Annual report of the
Sixth
Aostrian forcea in Mexico.
relative to
lirards for the capture of Booth
tire to the
Message from the President of the United States
Letter from the Secretary of War rela-
8
3
72
1
7
15
49
136
12
79
7
7
7
8
12
77
10
2
140
1
16
145
8
71
12
113
16
139
12
108
8
12
16
50
104
149
6
1
12
130
12
86
49
809
61
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IV
INDEX.
Title.
B.
Bank notes in the several States, relative to the apportionment of eircu-
latiupf. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
Booth, capture of. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to the awards
in the
Booth and Herold, relative to the findinrrs of the commission for the cap-
ture of. Letter from the Secretary of War
Brazil, mail steamship service to. Messa<^e from the President of the
United States transmittinp^ report of the Postmaster General relative to..
British vessel Magfician, report and papers of the Secretary of State rela-
tive to the claim of the owners of the. Message from the President trans-
mittincf
Bureau of Colored Troops, report of the chief of the. (Part 1)
Bureau of Refugees, Frecdmen, and Abandoned Lands. Message from the
President transmitting report of the coumiissioner of the
Bureau, Freedmen's. Report of the commissioner of the. Letter from the
Secretary of W'ar transmitting
C.
California volunteers stationed in the Territories. Letter from the Secre-
tary of War relative to
California public lands. Letter from the Secretary of Interior relative to..
Cannon captured. Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting corres-
pondence relative to
Capitol extension. Report of the architect of the
Chaplains in the navy. Letter from the Secretary of the Navy giving a
list of.
Cholera at Constantinople. Message from the President of the United
States transmitting correspondence relative to the
Claims against Venezuela. Message from the President of the United
States relative to
Coast survey. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury transmitting the
number of persons employed in the
Coast survey, relative to navy yard at Patuxent river. Letter from su-
perintendent of
Colored troops. Report of the chief of the Bureau of. (Part 1)
Coast Survey. Report of the superintendent of the
Coinage, weights, and measures. Message from the President relative to
the system of
Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind. Report of the
president of the
Commercial relations with British America. Letter from the Secretary of
the Treasury relative to
Commercial relations of the Unit<'d States with foreign nations during the
year 1 f^yo. Report of the Secretary of State of the
Commerce, discrimination against American. Message from the President
relative to
Commissary General of Subsistence of the army, of the o})erations of his
department during the year ending June iiU, 1666. Annual report of the
(Part 2)
Commissioner of Agriculture. Report of the ,
Commissioner of Claims for Maryland and Delaware. Letter from the Sec-
retary of War relative to appointment of
Commissioner of Freedmen's Affairs, in regard to laud seized as enemies'
property. Letter from the ,
Commissioner of Agriculture, relative to receipts and disbursements in
his department. Letter from the
Commissioner of Patents, transmitting the mechanical report of the Patent
Office for 1865 Letter from the. (Part L)
Commissioner of Public Buildings Annual report of the
Commissioner of Public Buildings. Statement of the receipts and expen-
ditures under the direction of the
Vol
7
33
12
86
12
90
12
121
12
3
80
1
7
11
8
70
No.
16
16
138
144
7
2
27
1
8
54
7
48
12
127
7
24
7
3
13
39
1
75
16
148
2
1
12
128
10
56
12
110
3
15
1
136
7
22
7
19
7
49
9
2
52
1
Page.
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t INDEX,
Title.
Commissioner of Public Buildings. Statement of the persons employed
bvthe
roinptroller of the Currency for the year 1865. Annual report of the
Cuutlnjrent fund in that dt'partment. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury relative to the disbursement of the
Contingent fund of the State Department. Letter irom the Acting Secre-
tHry of State in regard to the disbursement of the
Contingent fund of the Navy Department. Letter from the Secretary of
ibo Xavy relative to the expenditure of the
C«»itt»n as a source of revenue, (appendix to special report No. 3.) Selec-
tions from United States committsion iu respect to. (Part 2)
C<»tt<>n loan known as the rebel debt. ^Message from the President respect-
ing the
D.
Dakota, Indian affairs in the Territory »f. Letter from the Secretary of
the Interior relative to
Daris and others, Jefferson. Message from the President of the United
States rc'Iative to the imprisonment of
IVaf, dumb, and blind. Keport of the president of the Columbian Insti*
tntinn for the
Delaware. Letter from the S<»cretary of War relative to the appointment
of commissioners of claims for the State of
Diftmnl Swamp canal, appropriation for the. Letter from the Secretary
of the Treasury recomniendmg an
District of Columbia. Report of the warden of the jail for the
Dominican republic, relative to pay of agent for the. Message from the
President of the United States
I>raftin the eighth congressional district of Pennsylvania. Letter from
Secretary of War relative to the
Diiudas patent, for cuitivators. Letter from the Secretary of the Interior
relative to the reissue of the
E.
Ecuador, republic of. Message from the President of the United States
ri>lative to aflfairs in the
Exifrint^r, Chief. Report of the, relative to improvement of harbor at To-
Engim^er of the army of the operations of his department during the year
♦•liding June 30, 186(5. Annual report of the Chief. (Part 2. )
Enpiui'cr, chief, in regard to harbors on the sea and lake coasts. Letter
from the Secretary of War transmitting report of the
EnlL>tnjfnt of onc-hundred-days men. Letter from the Secretary of War
in relntion to the
Epstein, Philip and others.. Letter from the Secretary of War transmit-
^ ting papers and testimony relating to the claim of
Estimates of additional appropriations required to complete the service for
the fiscal year ending June 30, I iH^6^ and for previous years
Estimates of permanent appropriations, specific and indefinite, made by
former acts of Congress, which may be required for the service of the
la-Ht three quarters of the fiscal year ending June 30, 18(56
£4(iniat(>s of appropriations required for the support of the government for
the fi>cal year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates fur appropriations for per diem and mileage of senators, and for
the isnpport of the oflicc of Secretary of the Senate, for the year ending
June :J0, JS67
Estimates for appropriations for per diem and mileage of members of the
HoiM? of Reiiresentatives and Delegates from the Territories for the
year ending June 30, 1S67.
E.<timates fur the office of the Saperintendent of Public Printing for the
year ending Jane 30, 1866
Eftiuiates for appropriations for the support of the Library of Congress- .
E5tiuia(es for appropriations for the support of the Court of Claims
Vol,
12
6
7
7
12
7
12
No.
109
4
,o|
32 I
89 I
I
34
95
Page.
16
147
7
46
o
1
7
22
12
2
77
1
7
37
12
129
16
143
112
78
1
59
35
9
2
2
2
831
852
913
10
13
13
15
16
17
17
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VI
INDEX.
Title.
Vol.' No.
6
Estimates for appropriations for tho support of the Execuiire during the
year ending June 30, 18()7
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the State Department for
the year ending June 30, 1867 6' 2
Estimates for appropriations for the general purposes of the northeast Ex-
ecutive building
Estimates for appropriations for the support of tho Treasury Department
for tho year ending June 30, lc^(>7
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Interior Department for
the year ending June 30, 18(57
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the office of the Commis-
sioner of the General Land Office
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Indian Office for the
year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Pension Office for the
year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for the incidental and contingent expenses of the Interior De-
partment
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the office of surveyors gen-
eral for the year ending June 30, 1 867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the War Department for
the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Adjutant Generars
olfice for the year caiding Juno ?A\ 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Quartermaster General's
office for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Paymaster General's
office for the year ending June 30, 1 867 6
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Commissary General's
office for tho year ending June 30, 1867 j C 2
Estimates for appropriations for the support of tho Surgeon General's office
for the year ending June 30, 1 867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Chief Engineer's office
for the year ending Juno 30, 1867 6
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Chiefof Ordnance office
for the year ending June 30, 1867 6
Estimates fur appropriations for the support of the office of Military Jus-
tice for the year ending June 30, 1867 --•. ,
Estimates for the incidi^ntal and contingent expenses for the War Department
for tho year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the northwest Executive
building for the year ending June 30, 1867 ,
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the building corner of Fif-
teenth and F streets for tho year ending June 30, ]8(j7
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the building corner of F
and Seventeenth streets for the year ending June 30, 1 867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Navy Department for
the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Bureau of Yards and
Docks for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for tlie support of the Bureau of Equipment
and Recruiting for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of tho Bureau of Navigation
for the year ending Juno 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for tho support of the Bureau of Ordnance for
for tho year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Bureau of Construction
and Repair for the year ending June 30, 1 367
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Bureau of Steam En-
gineering for the year ending Juuo 30, 1867
Estimates tor appropriations for the support of the Bureau of Provisions
and Clothing tor the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for 1 be support of the Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the incidental and contingent expenses
of the Navy Department for the year ending June 30, 18§7
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2
INDEX.
VII
Title.
Vol.
No.
Page.
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Post Office Department
for the jrearending Jane 30, 1867
Estimates for continji^nt expenses of the Post Office Department for the
jear ending Jane 30, 1807
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Department of Agricul-
ture for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Mint of the United States
and branches and Assay Office in New York for the year ending June 30,
1»G7
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the governments in the Ter-
ritories during the year endinc^ June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the judiciary during the year
ending Jane 30, 1867 >
Estimates for appropriations for the expenses of intercourse with foreign
nations for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for miscellaneous for the year ending June
30, Ir^
Estimates for appropriations for the continuation of the survey of the coast
of the United States during the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the light-house establish-
ment for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations to be expended under the direction of the Sec-
retary of the Interior for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of public buildings and grounds
ioT the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for tho support of the jail in the District of
Columbia for the year ending June 30, 1667
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Government Hospital
for the Insane for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimate's for appropriations for the support of the Metropolitan Police for
the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Columbian Institution
for the Deaf and Dumb for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for expenses of the collection of revenue from
sales of public lands for the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations lor surveying the public lands for the year
ending June 3U, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the payment of pensions for the year end-
ing June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the
Indian department and fulfilling treaties with the various Indian tribes
during the year ending June 30, 1867
E;»timates for appropriations for the support of the army for the year end-
ing June 30, J867
Estimates for appropriations for armories, arsenals, and munitions of war
during the year ending June 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the Military Academy during
the year ending June 30, 1867 ^
Estimates for appropriations for the repairs, preservation, and construction
of fortifications during the year ending Juno 30, 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the navy for the year ending
June 30, Ic567
Estimates for appropriations for the support of the marine corps for the year
ending June 31^ 1867
Estimates for appropriations for the various navy yards for the year ending
June 30, 16i>7
Expenditures in the Indian department. Letter from the Secretary of the
Interior relative to
Express Company, Imperial Mexican. Message from the President of the
United States relative to the
Exposition at Paris. Messa^ from the President transmitting letters from
the Secretazy of State relative to the universal
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
12
7
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
107
38
12
48
49
50
51
54
57
64
66
67
67
69
70
72
73
73
73
74
74
76
76
83
84
84
84
85
86
66
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vni
INDEX.
Title.
Page.
Message from the President of the United
Report of
Fenian prisoners, release of.
States relative to the
Finances of the country during the year ending June 30, 1B66.
the Secretary of the Treasury on the condition of the
Fishing grounds near the British provinces. Message from the President
relative to the
Foreign affairs. Papers relating to. (Part 1)
France, fishery and water culture in. Message from the President of the
United States relative to the
Franking privilege to officers of the Light-house Board. Letter from the
Secretary of the Treasury relative to
Freedmen^s affairs in regard to land seized as enemy's property. Letter
- from the commissioner of
Freedmen, refugees, and abandoned lands. Message from the President
transmitting a report of the commissioner of
Freedmeu's Bureau. Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting a re-
port of the commissioner of the
Freedmen in the southern States, relative to. Message from the President
of the United States
Freedmen, Refugees, and Abandoned Lands. Message from the President of
the United States transmitting a report of the Secretary of War relative to.
Freedmen, Refugees, and Abandoned Lands. Message from the President
of the United States transmitting a communication from the Secretary
of War of the operations of the Bureau of
Freedmen and reiugees. President's veto of House Bill No. 613, for the
relief of
G
Gold,. sales of. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury relative to the..
Gold, sales of. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury relative to the..
Grant, U. S. , Lieutenant General. Report of. (Part 2)
H.
Harbor at Lake Superior. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to. . .
Harbor at Toledo. Report of the chief engineer relative to improvement
of the .
Harbors in the United States. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to.
Harbors on the sea and lake coasts. Letter from the Secretary of War
transmitting report of the chief eugineer in regard to
Harris, Benjamin G., Hon. Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting
record and testimony in the trial of.
Hays, S. S.,on the subject of petroleum. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury transmitting report of
Henry, Joseph, Professor, of the National Academy of Sciences. Report of.
Herold and Booth, findings of the commission for the capture of. Letter
from the Secretary of war relative to the
ImmigratioD, Board of, expenditures of the. Letter from the Secretary of
State relative to the
Income taxes from estates of deceased persons. Letter from the Secretary
of the Treasury relative to
Indian Affairs. Annual report of the Commissioner of
Papers accompanying the above.
WASHINGTON SUPERINTENDENCY.
No. 1. Report of W. H. Waterman, superintendent
No. 2. Report of S. D. Howe, Tulalip agency
No. 3. Report of C. C. Finkbouer, in charge of Lummi reservation...
154
3
88
1
103
135
19
11
70
12 118
12 !l20
123
146
124
134
1
65
78
18
58
14
51
72
90
66
43
1
1100
169
235
240
242
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INDEX.
IX
Title.
No. 4. Report of Rct. E. C. Chirouse, teacher Tulalip ajrency
No. 5. Keport of A. R. Elder, Puyallup agency
No. 5 A. Keport of C. H. Spinning, phyRJcian ditto
No. 5 B. Keport of W. Billings, farmer ditto
No. 5 C. Report of J. Ilabbard, in charge of Chehalis reservation
No. 6. Keport of J. T. Knox, sub- agent Skokomisb agency
No. 6 A. Keport of F. Ford, farmer Skokomisb agency
No. 7. Keport of James H. Wilbur, Yakama agency
No. 7 A. Report of W. Wright, teacher Yakama agency
No. 7 B. Keport of W\ Miller, physician Yakama agency
No t?. Report of H. A. Webster, agent Neeah Bay agency
No. > A. Ke[K>rt of J. G. Swan, teacher Neeah Bay agency...
No. 8 B. Report of Geo. Jcmes, farmer Neeah Bay agency
No. 9. Report of Joseph Hill, sub-agent Quinaelt agency
No. 10. Keport of Geo. A. Paige, Fort Colville special agency
No. 10 B. Keport of Geo. A. Paige, Fort Colville special agency
OREGON SUPERINTEXDENCY.
No. n. Report of Superintendent Huntington, treaty with Klamaths, &,c..
No. 1*2. Letter of Superintendent Huntington, relative to Coast Range
Indians
No. VS, Letter of H. D. Barnard, on same subject
[For other papers sec Appendix.]
CAUFORNIA SUPERINTESDENCY.
No. ] 4. Report of Charles Maltby, superintendent
No. 15. Report of D. P. Moffat, physician Hoopa Valley reservation. . . .
No. 16. Keport of late Superintendent Wiley, relative to special agency
to Mission Indians
No. 17. Letter of J. Q. A. Stanley, relative to special agency to Mission
Indians
No. Itf. Keport of W. E. Lovett, special agent to Mission Indians
No. ID. Keport of J. Q. A Stanley, special agent to Mission Indians. ..
ARIZONA SUPERINTEXDENCY.
No. 20. Letter from G. W. Leihy, superintendent
No. *il. Letter from John C. Dunn, agent
No. 'ti. Letter from M. O. Davidson, agent for Papagos
No. 23. Keport from M. O. Davidson, relative to character, traditions,
habits, «&c., of Papagos
No. '24. Instructions to Mr. Davidson, relative to his agency
No. 2,'). Letter from H. Ebrenberg, relative to Indian aftairs in Arizona.
No.5i.'4. Letter of Superintendent Leihy, relative to Indian hostilities, &c.
[For annual report of Superintendent Leihy, see Appendix.]
NEVADA SUPERINTEXDENCY.
No. 26. Instructions of Secretary Usher to C. W. Thompson, relative to
^ selling mill at Truckee River reser\'ation
No. 27. Copy of contract for sale of Truckee River reservation
UTAH Sl'PERlNTENDENCY.
No. 2.'^. Report of O. H. Irish, superintendent
No. 29. Instructions to Supeiintcndeut Irish, relative to making tieaties
No, :j<>. Keport of Superintendent Irish, transmitting treaties
No. 31. Report of Superintendent Irish, forwarding Special Agent Sales's
^ ivp«rt of operations among Indians of southwest
No. 'M A. Keport of same, relative to Special Agent Sales's visit to Pah-
I'tes
No. 32. Report of Superintendent Irish, relative to mining discoveries
in the southwest
No. 33. Letter of Governor Doty, transmitting treaties ratified by Indians
No. 34. Report of Luther Mann, jr., agent at Fort Bridger y\M\i§6
Vol.
No.
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
• 1
2
1
2
1
2-
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
W
I
\(j6
Page.
243
246
24S
248
249
250
251
251
255
257
258
201
264
264
266
268
269
273
276
278
284
286
287
288
293
296
2*)6
297
299
304
306
307
309
310
310
316
317
320
322
326
326
INDEX.
Title.
NEW MEXICO SUPERINTENDENCY.
No. 35. Report of F. Del jrado, superintendent
No. 36. Instructions of Secretary of Interior, relative to slavery in New
Mexico
No. 36 A. Order of the President of the United States, on same subject
No. 37. Keply of Superintendent Dolgado, on same subject
No. 38. Report of John Ward, agent for Pueblos
No. 38|. Report of D. Archuleta, Abiquiu agency
No. 39. Letter of Hon. K. Benedict, United States judge, relative to
bonds of agents
No. 40. Report of Superintendent Delgado, relative to needy condition
of Pueblo Indians
No. 40 A. Agent Ward's report on same subject
No. 40 B. Letter from Rev. F. Jouvet, on same subject
No. 41. Report of Agent Ward, relative to Moqui Indians
No. 42. Report of Agent Ward, relative to Moqui Indians
]^o. 42^. Annual report of Agent Labadi, Cimarron agency
COLORADO SUPERIXTENDEXCY.
No. 43. Letter from Governor Evans, relative to Arapahoes desiring to
make neace
No. 44. 6tlice letter to Governor Evans in reply to above
No. 45. Report of Lafayette Head, Cone] os agency
No. 46. Report of D. C. Oakes, Middle Park agency
No. 47. Letter of Governor Evans, transmitting Agent Head's report as
to Indians held in slavery 1
No. 47 A. Report of Agent Head, as above
No. 48. Letter of Governor Evans, relative to outbreak of Indians
No. 49. Letter of late Superintendent Albin, relative to shipment of
goods
No. 50. Report of Governor Evans, relative to distribution of goods .
DAKOTA SUPERINTEKDENCY.
No. 501. Annual report of Governor Edmunds
No. 51. Report of Governor Edmunds, ex officio superintendent
No. 52, Letter of Governor Edmunds, urging necessity of treaty with
Upper Missouri Sioux
No. 53. Office instructions to Governor Edmunds, relative to treaty
No. 54. Letter of Governor Edmunds, on same subject
No. 55. Report of General Pope to General Grant, against the proposed
treaty, and giving his views of policy to be pursued
No. 56. Letter of Secretary Harlan to General Pope, relative to same sub-
ject.
No. 57. Instnictions of Interior Department to Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, on same subject
No. 58. Circular instructions to superintendents and agents, same sub-
ject.
Vol
No. 59. Despatch from General Pope, recommending commission to i
make peace with Indians ,
Nos. 60, 6J, 62, and 63. Reports of General Sully, relative to his cam-
paign in Dakota ,
No. 64. Report of Governor Edmunds, relative to condition of Indian
affairs
No. 65. Instructions of Governor Edmunds to Agent Conger, approved
by Indian Office
No. 66. Special report of Agent Conger, relative to Yancton agency
No. 67. Special report of Agent Potter, Ponca agency
No. 67^. Annual report of Agent Potter, Ponca agency
No. 68. Office letter to agent, relative to murder of Poncas by whites. ..
No. 69. Special report of Agent Stone, Crow Creek agency
No. 70. Special report of Agent Stone, relative to turning back of his
Indians from their hunt by military orders
No.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
INDEX.
XI
Title.
Xo. 71. Report of Governor Edmnnds, transmittiDg special report of
Agent Wil kinson, Upper Missouri agency
No. 72. Heport of Agent Wilkinson
Xo. 73. Letter of Governor Edmunds, transmitting sundry reports of
Agent Wilkinson
No. 7U A. Report of Agent Wilkinson relative to condition of Indians ..
No. 73 B. Report of Agent Wilkinson relative to residing at agency ..
No. 74, Annual report of Agent Wilkinson
No. 75. Report of Agent Stone. Crow Creek agency, for September, 1865
No. 7ii^, Annual report of Agent Stone, Crow Creek agency
No. 76. Letter of Captain J. L. Fisk relative to colonizing Indians
north of Missouri river
IDAHO SUPERINTENDEKrY.
No. 77. Report of Governor Lyon, €z officio superintendent
No. 78. Office instructions to Governor Lyon relative to treaties with In-
dians
No. 79. Annual report of J. O'Neil, Nez Percys agency
No. 80. Letter of Agent O'Neil relative to hostilities by Blackfeet
MONTANA SUPERINTENDENCY.
No.181. Report of Agent Hutchins relative to Flathead school
No. f*2, Ofhce instructions to Agent Hutchins on same subject
No. pf3. Sjx^cial report of Agent liutchins, distribution of goods
No. rA. Annual report of Agent Hutchins, Flathead agency
No. K>. Special report of Agent Hutchins, Flathead school
No. ^5^. Instructions to Agent Upson as to treaty with Blackfeet
No. ?5f. Letter from Agent Upson relative to hostilities among Black-
ftet
[For Agent Upsou^s annual report, see Appendix.]
SOUTHERN SUPERIKTENDENCY.
Na 8G. Annual report of E. Sells, superintendent
No. f*0. A statement of cattle captured, &c., referred to in superintend-
ent's report
No. ^7. Agent Reynolds to superintendent relative to cattle-thieving
No. t^-"^. Report of Superintendent Sells to office, same subject, August
4, IHX)
No. ?*y. Report of Superintendent Sells to office, same subject, August
5, Jrr^^^o
No. l»t>. Instnictions of Interior Department, March 20, 1865, same subject
No. yj. Office letter to late Superintendent Coffin, Februaiy 14, 1805,
relative to charges against Indiau agents ,
No. 91 A. Letter of Colonel Phillips to Secretary of Interior
No. yy. Interior Department instructions to Commissioner of Indian Af-
fairs relative to same subject ,
No. 93. Reply of Agent Coimau to charges ,
No. 94. Reply of Agent Cutler to charges
No. 95. Reply of Agent Harlan to charges
No, 96. Annual report of Agent Coleman, CbickavSaw agency
No. 97. Annual report of Agent Reynolds, Seminole agency
No. 98. Supplementary report of Agent Reynolds, Seminole agency
No. 99. Annual report of Agent Harlan, Cherokee agency
No. 100. Anuual report of Agent Gookins, W^ichita agency
No. lOJ. Annual report of Agent Dunn, Creek agency
No. 1V2. Annual report of Agent Snow, Neosho agency
No. 103. Letter of Superintendent Sells, transmitting special report of
Agent Snow relative to exploration of Quapaw reservation
No. i04. Despatch of Major General Reynolds, Juno 28, 1865, relative
to Indian couiiCil to make peace
No. 105. Despatch from Major General Reynolds relative to proposed
peace cotmcil
Vol
No.
Page.
406
406
407
407
409
410
411
412
413
415
419
420
423
424
427
428
429
432
434
434
436
444
446
447
449
45
454
455
456
457
458
459
463
465
467
468
572
474
476
478
479
479
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
xu
INDEX.
Title.
No. 105^. Report of Commissioner Cooley, as president of council at Fort
Smith
No. ]0(>. Official daily record of council at Fort Smith
No. 107. Letter of Joiin Koss to Opothleyoholo, Creek chief, September
19,1861
No. 108. Same to same, October 8, 1H6I
No. 109. Address of John Ross to the Cherokee rtgiment, Dccouiber 19,
1862,
No. 110. Despatch from General Hunt, October 23, IKm, with letter
from Governor Colbert, of Chickasaws, October 11, 1865
Vol.
CENTRAL SUPERINTENDEXCy.
No. nO|. Annual report of Thomas Murphy, superintendent
No. 111. Report of Apent Farnsworth, relative to disarming Indians..
No. 112. Office to late Superintendent Albin, same subject
No. 113. Supei in tendent Murphy to Commissioner Cooley, same sub-
ject.
No. 1 14. Office reply, same subject
No. 115. Supplementary regulations as to Indians alienating lauds
No. 116, Office letter to late Superintendent Albin — shipment of Indian
goods
No. 117. Office letter to Sup«?rintendent Murphy, same subject
No. 118. Annual report of Agent Pmtt, Delaware agency
No. 1 1 9. Annual leport of teacher, Delaware agency
No. 120. Special report of Superintendent Murphy, relative to Delaware
school.
No. 121. Annual report of Agent Colton, Osage River agency
No. 122. Special report of Agent Colton, relative to leasing oil lands...
No. 123. Secretary of Interior's instruction.^, relative to same
No. 124. Annual report of Agent Adams, Kickapoo agency
No. 125. Annual report of Agent Palmer, Pottawatomie agency
No. 126, Annual report of physician to Pottawatomie agency
No, 127, Annual report of J. F. Diels, superintendent of school, Potta-
watomie agency
No. 128. Office to Superintendent Murphy, relative to Indians as licensed
traders
No. 129. Secretary of Interior's decision relative to patents and pro rata
share of tribal funds for Pottawatomies,
No. 130. Annual report of Agent Martin, Sac and Fox of Mississippi
agency
No. 131. Annual report of teacher, Chip|HJwa and Mimsee school
No. 132. Annual report of teacher, Sac and Fox of Mississippi school...
No. 133. Letter of congressmen from Kansas, rccommeudiug sale of
additional Sac and Fox lands
No. 134. Report of Commissioner of Indian Att'uirs, February 27, 1865,
same subject
No. K^. Annual report of Agent Hutchinson, Ottawa agency
No. 136. I^etter of Agent Farnsworth, relative to treaty between Kaws
and Pawnees
No. 137. Inciter of Agent Wheeler, same subject
No. V.iS. Office instructions on same subject
No. 1 39. Report of Agent Farnsworth, same subject
No. 140. Letter of Agent Leavenworth, Kiowas, »fcc., January 9, 1865..
No. 141. Letter of Agent Leavenworth, February 19, 1865..*-
No. 142. Report of Agent Leavenworth, May (>, 1865, relative to pro-
posed action towards Indians, the military, &c
No. 143. Report of same, May 10, 18(i5, relative to his action, &c
No. 144. Despatches, with authority to Senator Doolittle and others to
make treaties ,
No. 145. Report of Ageut Leavenworth, of agreements by Kiowas, &c.,
to make treaties
No. 146. Despatch from General Pope on same subject
No. 147. Report from Agent Leavenwoi-th, September 19, 1865
f Forreportof treaty council with Kiowas, Comanches,&c., see Appendix. ]
No.
2
I 2
! 2
\i
I 2
I
2
I ^
I 2
! 2
Page.
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
INDEX.
xm
Title.
KORTUERN SUPERINTENDENCY.
No. 148. Annnnl report of E. B. Taylor, snperlDtendent
No. 149. Special report of SuperiDtendent Taylor, relative to Omaha agency
No. 15<). Office letter to Superintendent Taylor, in reply
No. 151 . Annual report of Agent Furnas, Omaha agency
No. 152. Annual report of teacher at Omaha agency
No. J 53. Special report of Superintendent Taylor, Winnebago agency..
No. 154. Annual report of Agent Balcombe, Winnebago agency
No. 155. Letter from Agent Furnas, relative to preparing land for Win-
nebagooA to cultivate
No. 156. Office report to Secretary of Interior, relative to Wiunebagoes
who remain in Minnesota
No. 1 57. Petition of Winnebago chiefs for a school
No. 156. Annual report of Agent Burbank, Great Nemaha agency
No. 169. Annual report of teacher of loway school
No. 16(). Annual report of farmer for loways
No. 161. Special report of Superintendent Taylor, relative to Pawnee
agency
No. 162. Annual report of Agent Wheeler, relative to Pawnee agency..
No. 163. Annual report of teacher of Pawnee manual labor school.
No, 1 64. Annual report of farmer at Pawnee agency
No. 1(55. Letter of late Agent Lushbaugh, relative to enlistment of Paw-
ners in United States service
No. 166. Letter of late Agent Lushbaugh, transmitting treaty between
Kaws and Pawnees
No. 167. Annual rej>ort of Agent Daily, Ottoe agency
No. lO^. Annual report of engineer at Ottoe agency
No. 169. Annual report of farmer at Ottoe agency
No, 170. Office instructions to V. Jarrot, agent for Fort Laramie agency
No. 171 . Report from Agent Jan'ot, July lo, 1865
No. 17*2. Keport from Agent Jarrot, August 18, 1865
GREEN BAY AGENCY.
No. 173. Annual report of Agent M. M. Davis
No. 174. Annual report of R. Dousman, teacher for Menomonees
No. 175. Annual report of Kate Dousman, teacher for Menomonees
No. 176. Annual report of Jane Dousman, teacher for Menomonees.
No 177. Annual report of farmer for Menomonees
No. 178. Annual report of miller for Menomonees
No. 1 78^. Annual report of blacksinith for Menomonees
No. 179. Annual report of teacher for Stockbridges and Munsees
No. 18i>. Annual report of teacher for M. K. mission school, Oueidas- ..
No. 1^1. Annual report of teacher for P. E. mission school, Oneidas...
No. 1*^2. Letter of Agent Davis, transmitting appeal of Stockbridges,
&c., for relief.
No. 183. Office letter in reply to the same
CllIPPEWAS OP THE MISSISSIPPI.
No. 184 Report of Agent Clark, relative to selection of a place for the
agency
No. 185. Letter of George Bouga on same subject
No. 185^. Letter of Secretary of Interior, relative to licenses,
CHIPPEWAS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.
No. 186. Office letter to Superintendent Thompson, relative to Lake
Court Oreillcs reservation
[For Agent Webb's annual report, see Appendix.]
SPECIAL AGENCY FOR POTTAW ATOMIES, ETC. IN WISCONSIN.
No. 187. Agent Davis's letter relative to depredations by wandering
Indians
No. 168. Agent Lamoreaoz's letter on same subject. -jrgrtr^^d tV
Vol.
No.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
i
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
]
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
iv2.
1
Page.
581
585
586
587
590
591
595
597
597
598
599
601
602
602
604
607
609
610
610
612
613
614
614
616
619
623
623
624
624
625
625
626
626
626
627
628
628
629
631
631
632
XIV
INDEX.
Title.
MACKINAW AGENCY.
No. 288^. Annual report of Agent Smith
NEW YORK AGENCY.
No. 189. Annual report of Agent Rich
No. 190. Annual report of the "Thomas Orphan Asylum"
[For statistics, see Appendix.]
STATISTICAL TABLES.
No. 191. Table of amoimt anticipated from appropriations for year
ending June 30, 1866
No. 192 A. Indian trust lands
No. 192 B. Indian trust lands
No. 192 C. Indian trust lands
No. 192 D. Indian trust lands
No. 193. Indian trust funds, Nos. 1, 2, 3
No. 194. Liabilities of the United States to Indian tribes
No. 195. Population, schools, individual property, &c
No. 197. Recapitulation of statistical tables ot 1865, compared with those
of 1864
[The documents which follow in the appendix were received too late for
special notice and comment in the Commissioner*s report.]
OREGON.
No. 1. Annual report of Superintendent Huntington
No. 2 A. Statement of Indian tribes in Oregon .*
No. 1 E. List of depredations by Snake Indians
No. H. Letter of Superintendent Huntington, relative to agricultural
premiums to Indians
No. 2. Annual report of Agent Harvey, Grande Rondo agency ,
No. 2 A. Annual report of teacher at Grande Ronde agency
No. 2 B. Annual report of teacher of Umpqua day school
No. 2 C. Annual report of physician at Grande Ronde agency
No. 2 D. Annual report of farmer at Grande Ronde agency
No. 2 E. Annual report of miller at Grande Ronde agency
No. 2 F. Annual report of carpenter at Grande Ronde agency
No. 3. Annual report of Sub- Agent Collins, Alsea sub-agency
No. 3 A. Annual report of superintendent of farming, Alsea sub-agency.
No. 4. Annual report of superintendent of farming. Warm Springs
agency
No. 4 A. Annual report of teacher at Warm Spring agency
No. 4 B. Annual report of physician at Warm Springs agency
No. 4 C. Annual report of blacksmith at Warm Springs agency
No. 4 D. Annual report of wagon-maker at Warm Springs agency
No. 5. Annual report of Agent fiamhart, Umatilla agency
No. 5 A. Annual report of superintendent of farming, Umatilla agency.
No. 5 B. Annual report of carpenter at Umatilla agency
No. 5 C. Annual report of physician at Umatilla agency
No. 5 D. Annual report of teacher at Umatilla agency
No. 5 E. Annual report of wagon-maker at Umatilla agency
No. 5 F. Annual report of blacksmith at Umatilla agency
No. 6. Annual report of Agent Simpson, Siletz agency
No. 6 A. Annual report of teacher at Siletz agency
No. 6 B. Annual report of physician at Siletz agency
No. 6 C. Annual report of farmer at Siletz agency..
NEW YORK.
Vol.
No. 7 A. Statistics of education, &c., New York agency.
No. 7 B. Statistics of fanning, &c., New York agency...
No.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Digitized by V^OOQIC
INDEX.
XT
Title.
SHAWNEES.
!^o. 8. Annaal report of Agent Abbott, Shawnee agency
No. 8 A. Annaal report of manual labor school, Slmwnee agency.
1^0. 8 B. Statistics of Shawnee agency
Ko. 8 C. Copy of Kansas law relative to Indian land titles
PAVFKEES.
No* 9. Statistics of Pawnee agency.
ARIZONA.
No. 10. Annual report of Saperintendent Leihy
No. 10 A. Report of Special Agent Dow, Yavapai agency.
CmPPEWAS OF LAKE SUPERIOR.
No. 11. Annaal report of Agent Webb.
HONTAKA.
No. 12. Annaal report of Agent Upson, Blackfeet agency
CESTRAL.— TREATY COUNCIL WITH ARAPAHOES, CHEYENNES, APACHES,
•KIOWAS, AND COMilNCHES.
No. 13w Heport of commissioners of council with Arapahoes and Chey-
ennes
No. 13 A. Record of daily proceedings of council with Arapahoes and
Cheyennes, October 12, 13, and 14
No. 14. Report of same commission of council with Apaches, Kiowas,
and Comanches
No. 14 A. Record of daily proceedings of commission of council with
Apaches, Kiowas, and Comanches, October 16, 17, 18, and 24
No. 15. Report of same commission of council with Osages and other
tribes
Indian service, moneys on hand applicable to the. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the Interior relative to
Indian department, expenditures in the. Letter from the Secretary of the
Interior relative to ,
Indians, Sioux, relative to the. Message from the President of the United
States transmitting report of the Secretary of the Interior
Insane hospital, annual report of the board of visitors for the
Insurgent States, laws in. Message from the President of the United States
relative to
Interior, annual report of the Secretary of the
Papers accompanying the above,
Annaal report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office
Annaal report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
Annaal report of the Commissioner of Pensions
Annaal report of the Commissioner of Public Buildings
Annaal report of the architect of the Capitol extension
Annoai report of the board of visitors of the government hospital for the
Annual report of the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind .
Annaal report of the Board of Metropolitan Police
Annua] report of the warden of the jail in the District of Columbia
Letter from the mayor of Washington in reference to the relations of the
general g^ovemment to the city of Washington
fieport of Lieut. Colonel James H. Simpson, corps of engineers United
States army, in regard to Union Pacific railro^ audits branches, &c.
loterior, transmittlDfi^ statement of persons and capital employed in manu-
ifctoiw. Letter £om the Secretary of the
Vol.
No.
Page.
686
687
687
1
1
1
1
1
101
106
126
1
131
1
701
711
7ia
720
814
1
1
168
773
799
809
814
831
842
852
855
871
Digitized by
i «9
^^oogle
XVI
INDEX.
Title.
Interior, relative to receipts from sales of public lands. Letter from the
Secretarj of the ,
Interior, relative to a wagon road from Niobrara to Virginia City. Let-
ter from the Secretary of the ,
Interior, relative to the cost of printine and advertising in his depart-
ment. Letter from the Secretary of the
Interior, relative to disbursements of the southern superintendency. Let-
ter from the Secretary of the
Interior, transmitting report of Thos. U. Walter relative to warming and
ventilating the Capitol. Letter from the Secretary of the ,
Interior, relative to moneys on band applicable to the Indian service.
Letter from the Secretary of the
Interior, relative to wagon roads in western territories. Letter from the
Secretary of the ,
Interior, relative to expenditures in the Indian Department. Letter from
the Secretary of the
Interior, relatvie to William Sawyer and others. Letter from the Sec-
retary of the
Interior, relative to the reissue of the Dundos patent for cultivators.
Letters from the Secretary of the
Interior, relative to public lands in California. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the
Interior, relative to Indian affairs in the Territory of Dakota. Letter
from the Secretary of the
Interior, relative to pensioners dropped from the pension rolls. Letter
from the Secretary of the
J.
Juarez, President of Mexico. Message from the President of the United
States relative to
Juarez, President of Mexico. Letter from the Secretary of State rela-
tive to
Judge Advocate General. Report of the. (Part 2)
K.
Kidnapping in Mexico,
in regard to
Message from the President of the United States
Lake Siiperior harbor.
Land Office, General.
Letter from the Secretary of War relative to.
Annual report of the Commissioner of the...
Papers accompanying the above.
No. 1. Statement of the surveying returns to this office for the fiscal year
ending June I?0, 18G5, and for the quarter ending September 30, 1865. .
No. 2. btatement of public lands sold, of cash and bounty land scrip
received therefor ; number of acres entered under the homestead law
of May 20, 1862: of commissions received under the sixth section of
said act ; also of land located with scrip under the agricultural college
and mechanic act of July 2, 1862 ; and commissions received by regis-
ters and receivers on the value thereof; and statement of incidental
expenses thereon in the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1864, and
ending June 30, 1865
No. 3. Summary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, showing the
number of acres disposed of for cash, wi^h bounty land scrip, by
entry under the homsetead laws of May 20, 1862, and March 21, 1864,
with aggregate of ten-dollar homestead payments, homestead com-
missions, also locations with agricultural an^ mechanic college scrip
underact of July 2, 1862
No. 4. Statement showing the quantity of swamp land selected for the
several States under the acts of Congress approved March 2, 1849,
and September 28, 1850, and March 12, 1860, up to and ending Sep-
tember 30, 1865 n^ff/p-H.hvVL-f
Vol.
No.
7
45
8
58
8
61
12
91
12
100
12
101
12
105
12
107
12
119
16
143
16
144
16
147
7
31
8
3
64
1
7
21
8
2
65
1
2
1
2
1
2
3&
1
Page.
1003
45
46
58
60
INDEX
XVII
Title.
No. 5. Statement exhibitiDj? the quantity of swamp 1*^^ ^PP'';?^?^,^
the seTeral States under the actrfof Congress approved March i, ltf4y.
and September 28, J850, and March 12, 1860, up to and endmg Sep-
No. 6, Statement exhibiting the quantity of swamp land patented to
tlie several States under the acts of Congress approved beptember 2«,.
leSO, and March 12, 1860, and also the quantity certihed to the State
of Louisiana under act approved Ma^ch 2, ^^^^••y'-;- -;-;"• ••■•••
No. 7. Exhibit of bounty land business under acts of 1847, 18oU, lOo-i,
and 1855, showing the issues and locations from the commencement
of operations under said acta to June 30, 1865. '•'""/•'"' ; " •
No, 8. Estimate of appropriations required tor the office of the yomniis-
sioner of the General Laud Office for the fiscal year endmg June 30,
1H>7.
No 9. ^'timatesof appropriations for the burveying department for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1867 • ;;.•*: "j * V " '
No. 10. Estimates of appropriations for surveymg the public lands for
the fiscal year ending June 30,1867 .--
No. 11. Reports of surveyors general, A to I, mclusive.
No. 12. Connected map of the public land States and Terntones, com-
piled from the diagrams accompanying the reports of the surveyors
No. 13. AgricultuVaVsVlections within certain States, and also scrip loca-
tions uuder agricultural and mechanic act of July 2, 1862.
No. 14. Statement exhibiting land concessions by acts or Congress to
States and corporations for railroad and military wagon road purposes
from the year 1850 to September 30, 1865, accompanied by maps in-
dlcatiue the lines of routes and limits of the States of Arkansas, Ala-
bama, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska Territory; of the States of
Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Minnesota, Michigan, Illmois, \\i8-
consin, Oregon. California, wiih a connected map showing the lines
of routes under congressional grants and the scats ot land offices
General Land Office, October 3, 18^5.
Note— The diagrams accompanying the annual reports of the sur-
veyors general aie omitted, and the connected map of the public land
Slates and Territories, brought up to current date thereirom, is bound
with this report in lieu of them.
Lands*, public, receipts from sales of. Letter from the Secretary of the
Interior relative to the - - • - - - - •.- : " : " * "
L«ud« for the Sioux Indians. Message from the President transmitting
report of the St^cretary of the Interior relative to : " ; * * V .' "
Ufi.ls public, in California, Letter from the Secretary of the Interior
r»-liiiive to
Lifht-houw Board, franking privilege to officers of the.
8ecretaiy of the Treasury relative to the - - • - -
L ncoln, Abraham, ast^assins of, reward ottered for the arrest ot the,
^ipc from the President of the United States relative to the
M.
Letter from the
Mes-
Mannfactures, persons and capital employed in. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the Interior in relation to v;"';^* i*!'""/*
iUrioe, mercantile. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury relative to
the --.- - '
iUry land, commissioner of claims for. Letter irom the Secretary of War
ivlstive to the appointment of --- •
ll«\».r of Washington, in reference to the relations of the general govern-
ineni to the city of Washington. Letter from the ----••;•--•;
MrCallnm, Brevet Brigadier General D. C. Keport of, (Part 2)
M'Mnplii.% riuti*. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to
M' tropoiitau Police. Keport of the board of
>Inico, slavery in. Message from tht; President relative to
M^iiam affairs. Message from the President relative to
Vol,
No.
45
126
135
63
20
25
22
1
1
122
1
13
20
Page.
60
61
61
63
66
68
70
163
165
855
842
Digitized by
^^oogle
xvni
INDEX.
Title.
Mexico, kidnapping in. Messflpe from tlio President relative to
Mexico, Austrian forces in. Message from the President relative to
Mexico, European troops in. Message from the President of the United
States relative to
Mexico, condition of aifairs in. Message from the President of the United
States on the, (Part 1. J
Mexico, evacuation of, by the French. Message from the President rela-
tive to the
Mileage of members of Congress. Letter from the Secretary of the Treas -
ury relative to the salary aiid
Missouri, department of. Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting
report of Major General John Pope of the
Mone3' in the several States. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
relative to the deposit of
Montana, surveying district in. Message from the President relative to . .
N.
Naval Academy at Annapolis. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
relative to the amount expended in the permanent establishment of the..
Navy, transmitting statement sho%viug the appropriations for the naval
service for the year ending June IJO, J86.'>. Letter from the Secretary of
the
Navy, giving a list of chaplains in the naval service. Letter from the Sec-
retary of the
Navy, relative to paper, printing and advertising in his department for
the year 1H65. Letter from the Secretary of the
NaVy , annual report of the Secretary of the
Papers accompanying the above report.
Index to reports of officers
Beports of the chiefs of bureaus and accompanying papers
No. L Detailed estimates of the office of the Secretary of the Navy and
southwest executive building
No. 2. Keport of the chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, with esti-
mates, statement of contracts, proposals, &c
No. 3. Report of the chief of the Bureau of Navigation, with estimates,
&c
No. 4. Report of the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance
No. 5. Report of the chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting,
with estimates, statement of contracts, off'ers, &c
No. 6. Report of the chief of the Bureau of Construction, with statement
of contracts, offers, &c
No. 7. Report of the Bureau of Steam Engineering, with statement of
contracts, offers, &c
No. 8. Report of the Bureau of Provisions and Clothiug, with schedules
of contracts, offers, &c
No. 9. Report of the chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, with
estimates, &c
No. 10. Report of the colonel commandant of the murine corps, with es-
timates, statement of contracts, & c
No. II. Summary statement (civil) of the office of the Secretary of the
Navy, bureaus, and southwest executive building
No. 12. Summary statement for the navy and marine corps
No. lU. Report of the board of visitors of the Naval Academy
Navy, transmitting statement of the expendituie of the contingent fund.
Letter from the S<KTetary of the
Navy, relative to clerks in his department. I^ctter from the Secretary of
the
Navy yard at Patuxent river. Letter from the Superintendent of the Coa«t
Survey relative to a
Navy yard at Philadelphia. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
relative to a
Vol.
7
12
16
11
12
12
12
7
16
No.
21
137
73
93
25
76
26
ir>6
8 . 57
1
5
5 '
5
Page.
89
I
39 ,
I
40 ,
Digitized by LjOOQIC
INDEX.
XIX
Title.
KaTT yard at Philadelpfiia, relative to the value of property at the. Letter
from the Secretary of the Treasury
New Orleans. Message from the President of the United States relative to
the investigatiia at
New York harbor, quarantine station at. Letter from the Secretary of War
relati^'e to
Niobraia to Vir^nia City, wa^n road from. Letter from the Secretary of
the Interior relative to a
Norton's cancelling and marking stamp. Letter from the Postmaster Gen-
eral relative to
O.
Oath, test. Message from the President, presenting communication from
the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postmaster General, relative to the . .
Officers aod soldiers buried near Atlanta. Message from the President of
the United States relative to the ^
Ordnance of the United States army, of the operations of his department
durine the year ending June ^, 1866. Annual report of the chief of,
(Part 2)
Pardons and abandoned property. Message from the President of the
United States relative to
Phris, Universal Exposition at. Letter from the Secretary of State relative
the
Patapsco river, improvement of. Secretary of War asking appropriation for
Patents, transmitting the Mechanical Report of the Patent Office for the
year l?^. Letter from the Commissioner of, (Part 1 )
Paymaster General of the United States army, of the operations of his de
pamnent during the year ending June 3U, 1866. Annual report of the,
(Part i)
Pennsjlvania, draft in the eighth congressional district of. Letter from the
Secretary of War relative to the
Peosioners dropped from the rolls. Letter from the Secretary of the Inte-
rior relative to
Pensions. Annual report of the Commissioner of
Papers accompanying the above report,
A. — Statement of the number and yearly amount of original applications,
and for increase of anny pensions, admitted in each State and Terri-
tory for the year ending June "SO, 1865
B. — Statement of the amount paid for army pensions in the several States
and Territories for tlie year ending June :JU, 1865
C.~ Statement of the number and yearly amount of original applications
and tor increase of navy pensions admitted in each State and Territory
for the year ending June 30, 1865
D.— Statement of the amount of funds in the hands of agents for paying
anny pensions on the :>Oth day of June, 1865
E.— ,Suit«*ment of the amount of navy pensions paid at the agencies in
the several States and Territories for the year ending Juno 3U, 1865. ..
F. — Statement of the number and yearly amount of army pensions on the
rolls in the several States and Territories on the 30th day of June, 1865. .
G.— Statement of the amount of funds in the hands of agents for paying
navy pensions on the 30th day of June, 1865
H. — Statement of the number and yearly amount of navy pensions on
the roll of each State and Territory on the 30th day of June, 1865
Petrnleum. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting report
ofS. a Hays, on
PLiJ^iJelphia, navy yard at. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
relatire to the cost of the
hiiadelphisk navy yard, relative to the value of property at the. Letter
from the Secretary of the Treasury
44
96
87
58
30
81 i
92
12
99
7 I 12
12 I 84
9
52
3
1
12
129
16
2
153
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
8
51
7
40
7
44
994
897
773
794
795
795
796
796
797
797
798
Digitized by
Google
XX
INDEX.
Title.
Police. Report of the Board of Metropolitan
Pope, John, Major General. Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting
report of
Postal laws, violation of the. Letter from the Postmaster General relative
to a
Postmaster General of the operations of his department during the year
1865. Beport of the
Papers aecompamfing the above report.
Ko. 1. Exhibit of annnal receipts and expenditures from Januaiy 1 , 1831,
to June 30, 1865
No. 2. Estimates for expenditures for 1867
No. 3. Postage stamps and envelopes issued during the fiscal year
1864-*65
No. 4. Statement of the mail service for the year ended June 30, 1865. ..
No. 4 A. Table of mail service in the following States and Territories for
the year ended June 30, 1865, as exhibited by the state of the arrange-
ments at the close of the year
No. 4 B. Railroad service as in operation on the 30th of June, 1865
No. 4 C. Steamboat service as in operation September 30, 1865
No. 4 D. Table showiug the increase and decrease of mail transportation
and cost in the following States and Territories during tha year ended
June 30, 1865
No. 5. Table of mail service restored in southern States up to November
1, 1865, compared with the old service and pay on the same
No. 6. Statement of the number, kinds, sizes, and cost of mail bags pro-
cured under contract and by open purchase, and put into service,
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 181)5
No. 7. Statement showing operations and results of foreign mail service
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1865
No. 8. Additional article to the articles agreed upon between the post
ofiice of the United States of America and the post office of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for carrying into execution the
convention of the 15th December, 1848
No. U. Total operations of the appointment office for the year ending
June 30, 18tX5
No. 10. Table showing the increase and decrease of post offices in the
several States and I'erritories ; also the number of post offices at which
appointments are made by the President and by the Postmaster Gen-
eral
No. 11. Post offices at which letter-carriers are employed, with the num-
ber and aggregate compensation of the latter at each office
No. 12. Statement of the operations of the free-delivery letter-carrier sys-
tem at the following offices for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865 .. .
No. 13. Statement showing the disposition of letters received contaibing
money during the year endine June 30, 1865
No. 14. Annual statement of dead letters containing papers of value
other than money registered and sent out for delivery to the writers or
owners thereof during the fiscal year ending on the 30th day of June,
1865
No. 15. Regulations concerning the disposal of dead lettere ..
No. 16. Letter from the Postmaster General to special agents.
No. 17. Auditor*s report
Papers accompanying the above.
The tabular statement numbered 1 exhibits the receipts of the depart-
ment under their several heads
That numbered 2 exhibits the expenditures under the several heads...
That numbered 3 exhibits the postal receipts and expenditures in the
several States and Territories -- ,.,.
That numbered \ exhibits the operations of the free-delivery letter-
carrier system at the principal offices in the United States ,
That numbered 5 exhibits the miscellaneous payments during the fiscal
year
Digitized by vjj
12 I 85
6
6
o
>^lt
INDEX.
XXI
Title.
That numbered 6 exhibits a snmmaxyof the principal labors performed
by this office durine the fiscal year ,
That numbered 7 exhibits the amount of letter postage on British mails
received in and sent from the United States
That numbered 8 exhibits the amount of letter postage on Prussian
mails received in and sent from the United States
That numbered 9 exhibits the amount of letter postage on French
mails received in and sent from the United States
That numbered 10 exhibits the amount of letter postage on Belgian
mails received in and sent from the United States
That numbered ] 1 exhibits the amount of letter postage on Bremen
mails received in and sent from the United States
That numbered 12 exhibits the amount of letter postage on Hamburg
mails received in and sent from the United States
That numbered 13 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers ex-
changed between the United States and the United Kingdom in
British mails
That numbered 14 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers ex-
changed between the United States and the kingdom of rrussia in
closed mails
That numbered 15 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers ex-
changHi between the United States and France
That numbered 16 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers ex-
changed between the United States and Belgium
That numbered 17 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers ex-
changed between the United States and Bremen
fThat numbered 18 exhibits the numl)er of letters and newspapers ex-
changed between the United States and Hamburg
That numbered 19 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers, with
the several postages, conveyed by the West India line of ocean
steamers
That numbered 20 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers, with
the several postages, conveyed by the South Pacific hoe of ocean
steamers
That numbered 21 exhibits the number of letters and newspapers ex-
changed between the United States and foreign countries
That nombered 22 exhibits the amount of postage on mails exchanged
. between the United States and the British provinces
That numbered 23 exhibits the amount of postage on foreign dead
letters sent from and returned to the United States
That numbered 24 exhibits the balances due from and to the United
States on the adjustment of accounts with foreign nations
That numbered 25 exhibits the Prussian closed mail account for the
year ended December 31, 18G4
That numbered 26 exhibits the Canadian closed mail account for the
year ended Deoember 31, 1864
That numbered 27 exhibits the Havana closed mail account for the
year ended December 31, 1864
That numbered 28 exhibits the Honolulu and Vancouver's Island
closed mail account for the year ended December 31, 1864
That numbered 29 exhibits the Belgian closed mail account for the
year ended December 31, 1864
That numbered lU) exhibits the amounts reported due the various lines
of ocean mail steamers during the fiscal year
That numbered 31 exhibits the balances due the United States from
prenideutial offices in the late rebellious States, and also the total
amount due from postmasters in these States
Those numbered 32 to 35, inclusive, exhibit the details of the transac-
tions of the money-order departoient from November 1, 1864, to June
30,18*55
Postmaster General, relative to Norton's marking and cancelling stamp.
Letter from the
Pustmaster General, relative to violation of the postal laws. Letter from
the
Pv^tmaster General, relative to the mail steamship service to Brazil. Re-
port of the
Vol.
No.
12
12
30
85
Page.
90
92
93
94
95
96
96
97
97
93
98
99
99
100
ICO
101
101
101
103
104
104
105
105
106
107
110
Digitized by
^^oogle
XXII
INDEX
Title.
Post Office Department. tmnsmittinGC statement of the receipts and expen-
ditures of the. L«»tter from the Treasurer of the United States
Presideut of the United States on the state of tiie Union, with accompauj-
ing documents and reports. Annual message of the, (Part ] .)
President of the United States, transmitting report of Commissioner of the
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmeu, and Abandoned Lands. Message from
th
President of the United States, transmitting letter from the Secretary of
State relative to the exposition at Paris. Message of the
President ot the United States, relative to slavery or peonage in Mexico.
Message from the *.
President of the United States, relative to affairs in Mexico. Message from
the
President of the United States, relative to kidnapping in Mexico. Message
from the
President of the United States, relative to President Juarez, of Mexico.
Message from the
President of the United States, relative to the reported surrender of the
rebel pirate Shenandoah. Message from the
President of the United States, in relation to pay of agent to the Domini-
can Uepublic. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to the Imperial Mexican Express
Company. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to the imprisonment of Jefferson
Davis and others. Message from the
Prt\sident of the United States, transmitting correspondence relative to
cholera at Constantinople. Message from the
President of the United States, with regard to rewards offered for arrest of
assassins of Abraham Lincoln. Message from the
President of the United States, with regard to Juarez, President of Mex-
ico. Message from the *.
President of the United States, as to the number of men and officers in the
regular and volunteer army. Message from the
President of the United States, on the condition of affairs in Mexico. Mes-
sage from the, (Parti)
President of the United States, relative to direct tax in Alabama. Mes-
sage from the 1
Presideut of the United States, transmitting report and papers of the Sec-
retary of State relative to claim of owners of British vessel Magician.
Message from the
President of the United States, communicating suggestions from Post-
master General and Secretary of the Treasury modifying the test oath.
Message from the •-
Presideut of the United States, relative to fishing grounds near British
provinces. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting report of the Secretary of War
relative to officers and soldiers buried near Atlanta. Message from the..
President of the United States, transmitting n»port of the Secretary of State
relative to the evacuation of Mexico by the French. Message from the...
President of the United States, transmitting report of the commissioners to
examine the third section of the Union Pacific railroad. Message from
the
President of the United States, respecting the rebel debt known as the
cotton loan. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to the investigations at New Or-
leans. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to pardons and abandoned prop-
erty. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting additional information relative
to lishery and water culture in France. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to discrimination agaisBl American
commerce. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting statement from the State De-
partment relative to the number of clerks employed in the State Depart-
. meut. Message from the ♦ ,
President of the United States, relative to the republic of- Ecuador.
Message from the
Vol.
J2
12
Jigitized by Vjj
No.
12
74
1
1
11
12
13
20
21
31
36
37
38
46
48
8
63
8
64
8
71
11
73
12
79
80
12
12
81
88
12
92
12
93
12
94
12
95
12
96
12
99
12
103
12
110
111
Page.
le
INDEX.
XXIII
Title.
Vol.
No. Page.
President of the United States, transmitting letter from General Grant
relative to the organization of the army. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting reports from Secretaries of
Interior, Navy, and Postmaster General, relative to clerks employed in
tl>eir depATtments. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting statement of clerks employed
in the Treasury Department. Message from tlie
Pre-^idcnt of the United States, relative to the provisions in the constitu-
tions of several southern States relative to the freed men. Message from
the
Preiiident of the United States, relative to refugees, frcedmen, and aban-
doned lands. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to the mail steamship service to
Brazil. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting communication from the Sec-
retary of War of the operations of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen,
and Abandoned Lands. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting report from the Secretary of
the Interior relative to the Sioux Indians. Letter from the
President of the United States, relative to claims against Venezuela. Mes-
sa^ from the
Prtesident of the United States, relative to Austrian forces in Mexico.
Message from the
Pre'iident of the United States, relative to laws of late iusurgent States.
Message from the
President of the United States, relative to progress made in completing
maps connected with the boundary survey under the treaty of Wash-
ington. Message from the
Pa^sident of the United States, relative to direct tax in insurgent States.
Mf'*sage from the
President of the United States, in regard to the employment of European
troops in Mexico. Message from the
President of the United States, with regard to arrest of American citizens
in Trt*laud. Message from the
President of the United States, in relation to appropriations and expendi-
tures connected with the Indian service. Message froni the
President of the United States, in regard to honors paid to rebels, living
or dead. Message from the
President of the United States, returning the Freedmen's Bureau bill, No.
613, with his objections. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to a reform of the system of coin-
age, weights, and measures. Message from the
President of the United States, transmitting his views relative to the resto-
ration of Tennessee by joint resolution, informing the House that he had
signed the same. Message from the
President of the United States, relative to the release of Fenian prisoners.
Message from the
President of the United States, giving his objections to the act erecting
Montana in a separate surveying district. Messap^e from the
Printing and advertising in his department. Letter from the Secretary of
the Interior in regard to the cost of
Printing, Public. Annual report of the Superintendent of
Printing, Public, for the year ending June 30, 1866. Estimates of addi-
tional appropriations for the office of Superintendent of
Printing and advertising in his department. Lettor from the Secretary of
State relative to the cost of paper and
Printing, and advertising in his department. Letter from the Secretary of
the Treasury relative to the cost of paper
Printing, and advertising in his department for the year 1865. Lettor
from the Secretary of the Navy relative to the cost of paper and
Prize-money. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury relative to
Provost Marshal General of the United Stales. Annual report of the, (Part I )..
Provost Marshal General of the United States. Final report of the, (Part 2). .
Public Buildings. Annual report of the Commissioner of
PuWic Buildings during the fiscal year ending June 20, 1865. Statement of
the receipts and expenditures under direction of the Commissioner of . .. ,
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
8
7
7
8
8
8
12
4
4
2
113
115
117
118
120
121
123
126
127
130
131
132
133
137
139
140
141
146
148
151
154
156
61
23
6
GO
55
57
114
1
1
1
78
799
807
XXIV
INDEX
T:t:o.
Public Buildings, clerks in the office of the Commissioner of. Letter
relative to ,
Public Printing. Annual report of the Superintendent of
Public Printing for the year ending June 30, 18()6. Estimates of addi-
tional appropriations for the office of the Superintendent of
Q.
Quartermaster General of the United States. Annual report of the,
(Part 1)
Quartermtister General's Department. Letter from the Secretary of
War rt^lative to persons employed in the ,
Quarautiuo at New York harbor. Letter from the Secretary of War
relative to
R.
Railroad property in possession of the government of the United States.
Letter from the Secretary of War relative to ,
Railroad, Illinois Central, amount paid the, for transportation by the
United States. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to the ,
Railroad, Union Pacific. Message from the President of the United
States transmitting report of the commissioners of the
Rations, commutution of, to soldiers while prisoners of war. Letter
from the Secretary of War relative to
Rebel debt known as the cotton loan. Message from the President of
the United States respecting the
Rebels, honors to. Message from the President of the United States
relative to
Receipts and expenditures of the trcjwury to March 31, }^]6, and esti-
mates to Juno 30, Jfcl(j(). Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
relative to
Reeves, Clement. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to the
seizare of land belonging to
Revenue, internal. Letter from the Secretai-yof the Treasury relative to..
Revenuo Ctmmiission. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury trans-
mitting report of the United States
Revenue Commission on distilled spirits as a source of revenue. Let-
ter from the Secretary of the Trea.'sury transmitting report of the
Revenue Conmiission, on proprietary and other medicines, perfumery,
playing- can! s, &c., as a source of revenue. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the IVeasury transmitting report of the
River, Patapsco, appropriation for the improvement of the. Letter from
the Secretary of War relative to an
S.
Sawyer, William, and others. Letter from the Secretary of the Interior
relative to ,
Shenandoah, rebel pirate. Message from the President in relation to the
reported capture of the
Signal officer of the army of the operations of his corps for the year ending
October-20, leiM. Report of the, (Part 2)
Simpson, Lieut. Colonel James H. , report of
Slaverj' in Mexico Message from the President relative to
Smithsonian Institution. Annual report of the Hoard of Regents of the. . .
Soldiers furnished in each State. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to
Soldiers, murder of Union. Letter from the Secretary of' War transmitting
report of Judge Holt relative to the
Soldiers, Union and rebel, who died while held as prisoners of war. Let-
ter from the Secretary of War relative to
Southwest Pass, navigation of the. Letter from the Secretary of War trans-
mitting report of boaid of engineers relative to the
State Department upon foreign affiiirs. Correspondence of the, (Part 1).
State, Secretary of, relative to relief and protection of American seamen.
Letter from the
State, Secretary of, acting, relative to disbursement of the contingent fund.
Leitei from the
Vol.
No.
109
23
Page
82
87
155
83
94
142
95
141
150
41
17
42
62
68
84
119
36
1
)
13
102
15
98
152
97
1
7
32
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
INDEX.
XXV
Title.
State, transmittiDg a report on the commercial relations of the United States
with foreign countries for the year 1865. Letter from the Secretary of..
State, in regard to cost of paper, printing, and advertising, in his depart-
ment, letter from the Secretary of
State, relative to expenditures of the board of immigration. Letter from
the Secretary of
State, Department of, relative to clerks employed in that office
States in rebellion, since April 1, 1865. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury in regard to receipts from
Surgeon General of the United States army, of the operations of his depart-
mcntduring the year ending June 'JO, 1 866. Annual report of the, ( Part 2) .
Survey, boundary, maps of, under the treaty of Wasnington. Message
from the President of the United States relative to
Tax in insurgent States, direct. Message from the President of the United
States relative to
Taxes, from estates of deceased persons. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury relative to income ,
Tennessee, restoration of. Message from the President of the United States
informing the House that he had signed the joint resolution for the
Toledo, harbor at. Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting report
of the Chief Engineer relative to the improvement of the
Treasurer of the United States, transmitting a statement of the accounts of
the government for the year ending June 30, 1864
Tr*^^nrer, transmitting statement of receipts and expenditures of the Post
Office Department for the year ending June 30, 1865. Letter from the
United States
Treasury, transmitting estimates for appropriations for the year ending
Jane 30, 1866. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, on the condition of the finances of the government for the year
1665. Annual report of the Secretary of the
Reports and documents accompanying the above report.
The Secretary's report
Statement No. 1. Kecoipts and expenditures for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1864
Statement No. 2. Keceipts and expenditures as estimated for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1866
Statement No. 3. Duties, revenues, and public expenditures during the
fiscal year ending June 30, J 864, agreeably to warrants issued, exclu-
sive of trust funds
Statement No. 4. Receipts and expenditures for the quarter ending Sep-
tember 30, 1864, exclusive of trust funds
Statement No. 5. The indebtedness of the United States
Statement No. (». Paper money circulation, and domestic exports
Report of the Comptroller of the Currency
Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Report of the Treasurer
Re{>ort of the Register
Report of the Solicitor
Report of the First Comptroller
Report of the Second Comptroller
Report of the First Auditor
Report of the Second Auditor
Report of the Third Auditor
Report of the Fourth Auditor
Report of the Fifth Auditor
Report of the Sixth Auditor
Report of the Commissioner of Customs
Report of the Supervising Architect
Report of the Light house Board
Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey
Report of the Supervising Inspector of Steamboats
Vol.]
10
8
8
12
7
3
12
32
7
16
12
7
12
6
6
6
6
6
No.
56
60
66
111
47
1
132
133
43
151
78
5
74
2
3
3
3
3
Page.
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6,
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
1
43
44
44
47
50
56
62
74
93
100
107
114
116
122
123
128
137
146
168
170
186
192
203
206
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
XXVI
INDEX.
Title.
Report of the Director of the Mint
Statement No. 7. Gold, silver, and copper coinage at the mint of the
ITnited States in the several jearA from its establishment in 1792, and
the coinage at the branch mints and the New York assay office from
their organization to June 30, 1864
Statement No. 8. Amount of the public debt on the first day of January
in each of the years from 179] to 1842, inclusive, and at various dates
in subnequent years, to July I, 18(>4
Statement No. 9. Revenue collected from the beginning of the govem-
niont to June 30, 1864, under the several heads of customs, internal
revenue, direct tax, postage, public lands, and miscellaneous sources,
with the receipts from loans and treasury notes, and the total receipts,
Statement No. 10. Expenditures from the beginning of the government
to June 30, 1H64, under the several heads of civil list, foreign inter-
course. Navy Department, War Department, pensions, Indian Depart-
ment, and miseelhiueous, with the intereitt and principal of the public
debt, and total expenditures
Statement No. 1 1. Domestic exports for fiscal year ending June 30, 1865.
Statement No. 12. Foreign exports for fiscal year ending June 30, 1865..
Statement No. 13. Imports for fiscal year ending June 30, 1865
Statement No. 14. Foreign tonnage, entrances and clearances, by dis-
tricts, for fiscal year ending June 30, .1865
Statement No. 15. Foreign tonnage, entrances and clearances, by coun-
tries, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1865
Statement No. 16. Domestic tonnage, old admeasurement, by districts,
year 1865
Statement No. 17. Domestic tonnage, new admeasurement, by districts,
year 18C>5 '.
Statement No. 18. Exports reduced to gold value, with imports and ex-
ports, compared for fiscal years 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865
Statement No. 19. Gross value of the exports and imports from the be-
ginning of the government to June 30, 1864
Statement No. 20. Exports and imports of coin and bullion from 1&'21 to
18<>4, inclusive; also the excess of imports and exports during the
same years
Statement No. 21. Foreign merchandise imported, exported, and con-
sumed annually from 1821 to 1864, with the population and rate of con-
sumption per tMpita calculated for each year
Statement No. 22. Value of domestic produce and foreign merchandise,
exclusive of specie, exported annual Iv from 1821 to 18t)4
Statement No. 2^). Export of staple products, breadstuff's, provisions, oils,
and animal products for five years
Statement No. 24. Value of leading articles of manufacture exported from
1847 to 1864
Statement No. 25. Amount of the tonnage of the United States annually
from 1789 to 1864, inclusive; also the registered and enrolled and
licensed tonnage employed in steam navigation each year
Statement No. 26. Amount expended at each custom-house in the United
State.s during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1 864
Statement No. 27. Number of persons employed in each district of the
United States for the collection of customs during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1861, with their occupation and compensation
Statement No. 28. General results of all receipts and disposal of merchan-
dise within the United States during the nscal year ending June 30,
1864
Statement No. 29. Liabilities of (he United States to various Indian tribes
under si^ipulations of treaties, &c
Statement No. 30. Stocks held in trust by the United States for the
Chickasaw national fund and the Smithsonian Institution
Statement No. 31. General regulation for the purchase of products of the
insurrectionary States on government account
Treasury, relative to disbursement of the contingent fund. Letter from
the Secretary of the
Treasury, relative to the amount expended in the permanent establishment
of the Naval Academy at Annapolis. Letter from the Secretary of the. .
Vol.
6
6
6
No.
3
3
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
7
10
7
,16
Digitized by LjOOQIC
INDEX.
xxvn
Title.
Trpaftnry, transmitting: communicatioD from the collector of internal reve-
nue in Georgia. Letter from the Secretary of the
Tre;i8iuy, transmitting^ the names of persons employed in the coast sur-
Tey. * Letter from the Secretary of the
TrpHisury, relative to the mercantile marine. Letter from the Secretary of
the
•Treasnry, relative to the deposit of puhlic money with the several States.
Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, relative to registered foreign vessels. Letter from the Secretary
of the.
Treastnry, relative to apportionment of circulating: notes made to diflFerent
hanks in the several States. Letter from the Secretary of the
Trea»UT^-. relative to a navy yard at Philadelphia. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the
Treasury, transmitting report of the United States Revenue Commission.
Letter from the Secretary of the
Treaj«ury, relative to income taxes collected from estates of deceased per-
son*. ' Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, transmitting appraisement of the value of property at the Phila-
delphia navy yard. Lptter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, in regard to receipts from States in rehellion since April I, 1865.
Letter from the Secretary of the .•
Treasury, transmitting report of S. S. Hays on petroleum. Letter from
the Secretary of the
Treasury, giving list of clerks in his department. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the
TrtasnTy, relative to cost of paper, printing, and advertising in his depart-
ment/ Letter from the Secretary of the
Tivasury, transmitting report of Kevenue Commission on distilled spirits
as a source of revenue. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, transmitting report of Revenue Commission on proprietary and
other 'medicines, perfumery, playing-cards, &c., as sources of revenue.
Letter from the Secretary of tne
Treasury, transmitting statement of the amount now in the Uuitcd States
treasury. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, recommending an appropriation for the Dismal Swamp canal.
Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, relative to prize-money. Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, relative to clerks employed in his office. Letter from the Secre-
tary of the
Treasury, relative to the sales of gold. Letter from the Secretary of the. .
Treasury, relative to salary and mileage of members of Congress. Letter
from the Secretary of the
Treasury, in regard to commercial relations with British America. Letter
from the Secretary of the
Treasury, relative to the sales of gold. Letter from the Secretary of the. . .
Treasury, relative to franking privilege to officers of the Light-house Board.
Letter from the Secretary of the
Treasurv. receipts and expenditures of the, from March 31, 1866, to June
.3t>, l-!^. Letter from the Secretary of thft
Treaty of Washington, maps of boundary survey under the. Message from
the President of the United States as to progress of
V.
Venezuela, relative to claims ag:ainst.
United States.
Message from the President of the
Ventilating and warming the Capitol. Letter from the Secretary of the In-
terior transmitting report of Thomas U. Walter relative to
Vessel, British, **|Magician." Message of the President relative to claim
of owners of the
Vessels, registered, foreig:n. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury
relative to
Volunteers, Illinois. Letter from the Secretary of War relative to
Volunteers, California, stationed in the Territories. Letter from the Secre-
tary of War relative to
Digitized by
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^^oogle
XXVIII
INDEX
Title.
W.
Waggon road from Niobrara to Virginia City. Letter from the Secretary of
the Interior relative to a
Wagon roads in the western Territories. Letter from the Secretary of the
Interior relative to
War. Annual report of the Secretary of, (Parti)
Papers accompanying the above.
Report of the Adjutant General, (Part 1 )
Report of the Chief of bureau for colored troops, (Part J ).
Report of the Provost Marshal General, (Part 1)
Report of the Quartermaster General, (Part 1 )
Vol.
Papers accompanying the above report.
L Financial statement, (Part 1)
2. Report of First Division, public animals, Brevet Brigadier General
J.A.Ekin,(Partl)
3. Statement uf claims, First Division, (Part ])
4. Report of Second Division, clothing and equipage, Colonel A. J.
Perry, (Parti)
5. Statement of clothing on hand at the more important depots, 30th
June, ltJ64, (Parti) '.
6. Statement of camp and garrison equipage on hand at the more im-
portant depots, 3Uth June, 1864, (Parti)
7. Statement of materials for manufacture of clothing purchased dur-
ing fiscal year ending 30th June, 1865, (Part 1 ) ,
8. Statement of clothing and equipage purchased and manufactured
during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 16t)5, (Part 1 )
9. Statement of clothing on hand at the more important depots, 30th
June, 1865. (Part 1) ,
10. Statement of equipage on hand at the more important depots, 30th
June, 1865, (Parti)
11. Statement of aggn^gate expenditure for purchase of clothing and
equipage at the purchasing depots. New York, Philadelphia, and Cin-
cinnati, (Part 1)
12. Statement of materials for clothing and tents purchased at the
depots of New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati, from 3Iay, 1861,
to 30th June, 18(55, (Parti)
13. Statement of number of the principal articles of clothing and equip-
age purchased at the principal depots of New York, Philadelphia, and
Cincinnati, from May, 1861, to ')Oth June, 1865, exclusive of articles
manufactured at those depots, (Part 1)
14. Statement showing highest and lowest prices paid for articles of
clothing and equipage during the war, (Part 1)
15. Statement of claims. Second Division, (Part 1)
16. Report of Third Division, ocean and lake transportation, Colonel £.
D.Wise, (Parti)
17. Statement of vessels chartered or employed by the quartermaster's
department on ocean and lake service during the fiscal year ending
30th June, 1865, (Parti)
18. Statement of vessels owned by the United States, and employed on
ocean and lake service by the qiiartermaster*s department during the
fiscal year ending 30th June, 1865, (Parti)
19. Summary statement of vessels owned and chartered at various times
by the quartermaster's department, (Part 1)
20. List of vessels employed by the quartermaster*s department in sup-
plying General Sherman^s army on the coast, (Part I )
21. Strength of fleet employed in supplying armies before Richmond in
the spring of 1865, (Parti)
22. Report of Fourth Division, river and rail transportation, Brigadier
General L. B. Parsons, (Part I)
23. List of steamers and other vessels, belonging to the United States,
employed on the western rivers, 30th June, 1865, by the quartermas-
ter's department, (Part 1)
24. Report of operations on the United States military railroads for the
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
No.
58
105
1
I2n>EX.
XXIX
Title.
25. Statement showing the number of persons employed on United States
milttarj railroads at rarioas dates, (Part 1)
dB. Statement on claims, Fourth Division, (Part 1)
27. Special report, transportation of 23d army corps from the Tennessee
totbe Potomac, bj Col. L. B. Parsons, chief Fourth Division, (Part 1). .
2^. Beport on movements, during the war, on the western rivers and
railroads, by General L. B. Parsons, (Part I )
29. General Orders No. 17, Quartermaster General's OflSce, March 16,
1^*65, regulations concerning transportation by rail and river, (Part 1 ).
90. General Oiders No. 18, Quartennaster General's Office, March Itl, 1865,
designating points for settlement of accounts for transportation, (Part 1).
31. General Orders No. 29, Quartennaster Generars Office, 9th May,
1865, regulations concernin|[ transportation of Ireight, (Part 1)
32. Report of transportation ot army supplies in New Mexico during the
fiscal year ending 3Uth June, 18G5, (Part 1 )
33. Instructions from Quartermaster General's Office, May 10 and May
27, 1865, for the transportation of the troops to their homes, (Part I)..
34. Report of the Fifth Division, forage, fuel, and regular supplies.
Colonels. L. Brown, (Parti)
35. Annual report, purchases of forage, by Colonel S. L. Brown (Part 1)
3l>. Sammary statement of public moneys for the fiscal year ending 30th
June, 1865, purchases of forage, Colonel S. L. Brown, (Part 1 )
37. Statement of expenditures tor rail and river transportation for the
fiscal year ending 30th June, 1865, by Colonel S. L. Brown, (Part 1). .
38. Statement of expenditures for ocean and lake transportation during
the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1865, (Parti)
39. Report of number of passengers and tons of freight transported by
CoL S. L. Brown during the fiscal year ending June 30, 18G5, (Part 1 ).
40. Report of quantities and value of forage shipped to armies on the
James during the winter of 1864-65, (Part 1 )
41. Report of cost of transportation of gram to posts on the western
plains, (Part J)
42. Report on forage and fuel purchased during the war, (Part I )
43. Statement of forage, fuel, and regular supplies, purchased during
the war, ( Part 1 )
44. Snmmary statement of forage received at the depot of Washington
during the war, (Part 1 )
45. Summary statem<>nt of fuel received at the depot of Washington
during the war, (Part 1)
46. Report of Sixth Division, hospitals and barracks,Col. J. J. Dana,(Part 1)
47. Report of interments, (Part 1 )
4*^. Reitort of Capt. J. M. Moore, national cemeteries and interments near
Wasbington, toe Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Audersonville,(Partl).
49. Report of Seventh Divisiun, military trains. Col. B. C. Card, (Part 1)..
5i». Report of claims. Seventh Division, (Part 1 )
51. Special Orders No. 44, trains of the army before Richmond, Lieu
tenant General Grant, (Part 1)
Vol.
52. Report of Eif^hth Division, inspections. Col. G. V. Rutherford, (Part 1 )
o3. Statement ot clothing and equipage reported by officers as received,
captured, issued, expended, or lost, during the fiscal year, or remain-
ing on hand at the termination thereof, (Part 1)
54. tSiatement of property reported by officers as received, captured,
is»ned, expended, lost, or sold, during the fiscal year, or remaining on
hand at the termination thereof, (Part 1 )
55. Statement of vessels owned bv the United States and employed in
the quartermaster's department during the fiscal year, (Part J)
56. Statement of vessels chartered, impressed, or employed, during the
fiscal year, (Part J )
57. Statement of property captured by the army during the fiscal year,
(Parti)
56. Statement of property captured or destroyed by the enemy during
^ the fiscal year, (Part I)
50. Summary statement of transportation furnished during the fiscal
year, (Parti)
GO. Summary statement of cost of transportation during the fiscal year,
(p»ti)... .V. : :.....i 3
Jigitized by
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Page.
210
211
212
316
228
231
231
234
235
342
246
247
248
249
250
251
251
252
25^
254
255
255
257
257
266
268
268
270
287
296
304
408
435
461
^oome
XXX
INDEX.
Title.
6 J . List of oflScers of the quartennaster^s department in charge of divisions
in the Quartermaster General's Otfice during: the fiscal year, (PrfK 1). ..
62. List of officers who have served as inspectors of the quartermaster's
department, (Part I )
6ii Chief quartermasters of armies and army corps, (Part 1) ,
64. Chief quartermasters of departments, (Part 1)
65. Chie f quartermasters of principal depots, ( Part I)
66. Chief quartermasters of im{>ortant depots, (Part I) ,
67. Officers specially mentioned to the Quartermaster Genoial for ^ood
service, (Part 1) :
68. Quartermasters who have been brevettcd for good service during the
war, (Parti)
69. Report of Ninth Division, records and correspondence. Colonel B. C.
Card, (Part 1)
70. General Orders No. 35, rules and regulations for consideration of
claims under act of July 4, lJ?64, (Part 1)
71. General Orders No. 4:5, Quartermaster Cieneral's Office, September
2:{, lr<>4, rules and regulations relating to purchase and diiitribniion
of horses and mules, ( Part 1)
72. General Orders No. 276, Augusts, ISiKt, troops on transports, (Parti)
73. General Orders No. 24, April 29, lSiM» reductious and letrench-
ment, (Part 1 )
74. General Orders No. 25, April 29, l;^t)5« Reductions andi'etienclimeut,
(Part 1)
75. General Orders No. 2>^, May 8, l!^>5, sale of horses and mules, (Part 1 )
76. General Orders No. 42, July 15, 1^1)5, sales at auction, (Part 1)
77. Executive Orders September 2^ and October J4. IS»)5, relinquish-
ment of military railroads, and transfer of railroad material, (Part 1)
78. Annual report on military telegraphs, by Colonel Anson iSlager,
chief of military telegrai)hs, (Part J)
79. Report of Major T. T. Eckert, superiuieudent of miliuiry tele-
graphs, (Part 1)
80. Report of Captain R. T. Clowry, assistant superintendent military
telegmpha, (Part 1)
8L Report of Captain G. Fuller, assistant superintendent military tele-
graphs, (Part 1 )
82. Report of Captain W. L. Grove, assistant superintendent military
telegraphs, (Part 1 )
83. Report of Captain J. R. Gilmore, assistant superintendent military
telegraphs, (Part 1 )
84. Report of Captain J. T. Lynch, assistant superintendent military
telegraphs, (Part 1)
85. Report of Brevet Major General Robert Allen, chief quartermaster,
valley of the Mississippi, (Part 1 )
86. Report of Brevet Major General Rufus Ingalls, chief quartermas-
ter armies before Richmond, (Part I )
87. Report of Brevet Major General J. L. Donaldsou, chief quarter-
master, military division of the Tennessee, ( Part 1)
88. Report of Brevet Major General D. H. Rucker, chief quaitermas-
ter, depot of Washington, ( Part 1 )
89. Report of Brevet Brigadier General L. C. Easton, chief quarter-
master, armies under (general Sherman, (Part 1 )
90. R»'port of Brevet Brigadier General L C. Easton, on the march to
the sea, (Part 1)
91. Report of Captain Henry M. Whittlesey, chief quartermaster, 2Uth |
army corps, on the march from Atlanta to the sea, (Part I) | 3
92. Report of Major G. E. Dunbar, chief quartermaster, Sherman's
cavalry, on the march from Atlanta to the sta, (Part 1)
93. Report of Lieutenant Colonel G. L. Fort, chief quartermaster, 15th
array corps, on the march from Atlanta to the sea, (Part I)
94. Annual report of Lieutenant Colonel G. L. Fort, chief quartermas-
95. Report of Lieutenant ColonelJ. E. Remington, chief quartermaster,
ten 15th army corps, (Part 1)
14th army corps, (Part 1 )
96. Report of Brevet Brigadier General L. C. Easton, chief quartermas-
ter, army under General Sherman, on the march from Savannah to
Richmond, (Parti) -j^rti^edbyVjjC?
roL
No.
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
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1
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I
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3
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'CD'
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Page.
4(>1
668
INDEX.
XXXI
Title.
97. Report of Captain H. M. Whittlesey, chief quartermaster, 20th
army corps, en the march from Savannah to Goldsboro', (Part 1 )
'>*. Report of Colonel A. J. Mackay, chief quartermaster, army of the
Cnmberland and department of the Tennessee, (Part 1 )
99. Report of Colonel M. C. Garber, chief quartermaster, department
of the Tennessee, (Part 1 )
100. Report of Colonel Thomas Swords, assistant quartermaster general,
Cincinnati, (Part 1)
101. Report of Colonel George H. Crossman, assistant quartermaster
^neral, Philadelphia, (Part 1 )
10-X Report of Colonel D. H. Vinton, deputy quartermaster general,
chief quartermaster, depot of New York, ( Part 1 )
103. Report of Colonel £. B. Babbitt, chief quartermaster. Pacific
coast, (Part 1 )
KM. Rejttort of Brevet Brigadier General S. Van Vliet, quartermaster.
New York, (Part 1)
105. R«port of Colonel J. C. McFerran, chief quartermaster, depart-
ment of New Mexico, (Part 1)
1(J6 Report of Colonel C. W. Moulton, chief quartermaster, depot of
Cincinnati, (Part 1 )
107. Report of Brevet Brigadier General William Myers, chief quar-
termaster, depot of St. Louis, (Part I )
10?<. Report of Colonel W M. McKim, chief quartermaster, depot of
clothing and equipage. Philadelphia, Penn
109. Report of Colonel R. N. B. Bachelder, chief quartermaster, army
of the Potomac, (Part 1)
J 10. Report of Colonel J.'B. Howard, chief quartermaster, army of the
James, (Part 1)
11 J. Report of Lieutenant Colonel £. J. Strang, repairs and supplies,
armies before Richmond, (Part 1 )
11*2. Report of Colonel J. A. Potter, chief quartermaster, depot of Fort
Leavenworth, (Part 1 )
113. Report of Colonel H. Page, chief quartermaster, army of the She-
nandoah, (Part 1 )
114. Report of Captain F. J. Crilley, quartermaster, military railroads,
(Part J)
115. Report of Colonel G. D. Wise, chief quartermaster, western gun-
boats, (Parti)
J 16. Report of Captain A. Ainsworth, agent, on opening communica-
tion with General Sherman at Fayetteville, (Part 1 )
117. Report of Colonel M. J. Ludiiigton, chief quartermaster, depart-
ment of Washington, (Part 1)
Report of the Commissary General of Subsistence, (Part 2)
Report of the Surgeon General, (^Part 2)
Kfport of the Paymaster General, (Part 2)
Report of the Chief Engineer, (Part 2)
Report of the Chief of Ordnance, (Part 2)
Report of the Signal Officer of the Aniiy, (Part 2)
Report of the Judge Advocate General, (Part 2)
Report of Lietenaiit General U. S. Grant, (Part 2)
War, transmitting papers and testimony relating to the claim of Philip
Epstein and others. Letter from the Secretary of
War, transmitting testimony of the court-martial in the trial of Hon.
Benjamin G. Harris. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to soldiers furnished by each State. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to harbors in the United States. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to appointment of Commissioners of Claims for Maryland and
Delaware. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to marking captured guns. Letter from the Secretary of. . .
War, in regard to the enlistment of one-hundred-days men. Letter from
the Secretary of
War, relative to the seizure of land belonging to Clement Reeves
War, transmitting report of the chief engineer in regard to harbors on the
«ea and lake coasts. Letter from the Secretary ot
Wir, reUitlve to L»ke Superior harbor. Letter from the Secretary of
^'ar, relative to Illinois volunteers. Letter from the Secretary of
VoL
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
No.
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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I ^
I 14
! 18
Page.
679
683
689
700
700
701
702
704
744
750
754
776
809
815
819
847
850
852
880
883
895
891
894
897
913
994
999
100:l
llliO
7 i 22
7 ' 27
35
41
8 ■ 59
8 I 65
8 I 67
Digitized by
^^oogle
XXXII
INDEX.
Title.
War, transmittiDg report of the Commissioners of the Freedmen's Bureau.
Letter from the Secretary of ,
War, tran«niittiDg report of General Pope on the condition of the depart-
ment of Missouri. Letter from the Secretary of.
War, transmitting report of the Chief Engineer relative to improvement
of harbor at the city of Toledo. Letter from the Secretary of.
War, relative to officers employed in the Quartermaster GeneraFs depart-
ment and Corcoran *8 building. Letter from the Secretary of
War, stating amount paid Illinois Central railroad for transportation by
the United States. Letter from the Secretary of ,
War, relative to appropriation for the improvement of the Patapsco river.
Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to awards for the capture of Booth. Letter from the Secre-
tary of
War, relative to erection of quarantine station, New York harbor. Letter
from the Secretary of
War, relative to the findings of the commission for the capture Booth and
Herold. Letter from the Secretary of
War, transmitting report of board of engineers relative to the navigation
of the Southwest Pass. Letter from the Secretary of
War, transmitting report of Judge Holt relative to the murder of Union
soldiers in Nortli Carolina. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to artificitil limbs furnished soldiers at the expense of the
government. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to clerks employed in his office. Letter from the Secretary of
War, in relation the Memphis riots. Letter from the Secretar}- of
War, relative to the draft in the eighth congressional district of Pennsyl-
vania. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to discharged volunteers in the Territories. Letter from the
Secretary of ,
War, relative to commutation of rations to soldiers while prisoners of war.
Letter from the Secretary of
War, transmitting report of all brevet ranks conferred upon officers of the
regular army since April 12, 1861. Letter from the Secretary of
War, transmitting papers in the case of Dorence Atwater. Letter from
the Secretary of -
War, relative to the number of Union and rebel soldiers who died while
held as prisoners of war. Letter from the Secretary of
War, relative to railroad property in possession of the government of the
United States. Letter from the Secretary of
Warden of the jail. Report of the
Washington city, in reference to the relations of the general government
to. Letter from the mayor of Washington
Yards and Docks, of the operations of his bureau during the year ending
June 30, ItiQ:). Report of the Chief of the Bureau of
Papers accompanying the above report.
A. Geneial estimates from yards and docks
No. 1. Estimate for the support of the bureau
No. 2. Estimate for officers and others at yards and stations
No. 3. Statement showing the sums which make up tlie first and second
items of Y. & D., A
No. 4. Estimate for improvements and repairs at yards and stations.
No. 5. Estimate for repairs of all kinds, showing the sums which make
up the amounts under this head in Y. & D. No. 4
No. 6. Siatenient of expenditures under the head of contingent during
the past fiscal year, and estimates for the same for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1867
No. 7. Estimates of appropriations under the cognizance of the Bureau
of Yards and Docks, required for the service of the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1867
No. 8. Abstract of offers
No. 9. List of contracts for 1865-^66
Vol.
8
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
2
No.
70
76
78
82
83
84
86
87
90
97
98
Page.
108
116
122
J29
138
142
145
149
152
155
1
852
655
536
15
15
16
23
23
27
29
30
46
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
39th Congbess, \ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ( Ex. Doc.
Ui Session. ) ( No. 56.
LETTER
THE SECRETARY OF STATE,
TRANSMITTING A REPORT ON THE
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
WITH
FOREIGN NATIONS,
FOR
THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1865.
WASHINGTON:
GOVRRNMBNT PRINTING OFFICE.
1866.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ACTS OF CONGRESS creaUng the StatisUcal Ofece of the State Department.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembUdy That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of State to lay before Con-
fess, annually, at the commencement of its session, in a compendious form, all such
changes and modifications in the commercial systems of other nations, whether by treaties,
duUes on imports and exports, or other regulations, as shall have come to the knowledge o^
the department
Approved August 16, 1842.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembUdy That, in addition to the changes and modifications in the commercial
systems of other nations, now required by said act, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of
State to lay before Congress, annually, within sixty days after the commencement of each
ordinary session, as a part of said report, all other commercial information communicated
to the State Department by consular and diplomatic agents of this government abroad, or
contained in the ofiicial publications of other governments, which he shall deem sufi&ciently
important.
Approved August 18, 1856.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ANNUAL REPORT
ON
FOKEIGISr COMMEUCE
FOR THE
YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1865.
February 13, 1866.— Laid on the table and ordered to be printed.
Department op State,
Washington, February 10, 1866.
SiB: In compliance with the acts of Congress of August 16, 1842, and
Augast 18, 1856» I have the honor lo transmit herewith a Report on the Com-
mercial Relations of the United States with foreign nations for the year ended
September 30, 1865.
I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM H. SEWARD.
Hon. Schuyler Golpax,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CONTENTS OF PART I.
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
Page.
General resnm^. General commerce
and statistics 3
ENGLAND.
Leeds. Annual report 9
Hall. Annual report 11
Sheffield and Bradford. Commercial
report and roTenue 11
Hnddersfield. Special report 17
Nottingham. Special report 18
Bristol. General report 18
Binningham. Annual report 24
Worcester. Special report 25
Plymouth. Commercial report 26
SCOTLAND.
Leith. Annual report 25
IRELAND.
Belfast. Special report 27
POSSESSIONS AND DEPENDENCIES.
Montreal. Commercial report 27
Toronto. Special report 31
St. John. Special report 33
Preseott. Special report 33
Port Erie. Annual report 34
Pictou, (Nova Scotia. ) Annual com-
mercial report 35
St. John, (N. F. ) Annual report .... 39
•St. John, (N. B.) General commer-
cial report, tariff, &c 40
Trinidad. Annual report (38
Turk's Island. Annual report 69
Kingston, (Jamaica.) Special report 72
Prince Edward Island. Annual report 76
Demerara. General iuformation 78
Cakratta. General report 86
Antigua. Annual report 90
^lauritius, (Port Louis.) Annual
commercial report 94
Barbadoes. Special report 99
Pen Stanley, (F. I.) Annual report. 100
St, Helena. Annual commercial re-
port, custom duties, &c 101
Malta. Annua] report 103
Gibraltar. Annual report 1 04
Cape Town. Annual report and sta-
tistics 105
CeTlon. Annual report 1 09
!^io^pore. Annual report 110
Victoria, (Vancouver's island.) An-
fioal commercial report 113
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
Page.
Paris. Commercial report 121
Havre. Annual report 122
Marseilles. Commercial report 1 34
Cette. Annual report 143
Lyons. Annual report and school in-
struction 144
Brest. Railways, &c 152
La Rochelle. Special report 1 53
Nantes. Annual report 153
St. Pierre. Annual commercial report 154
Havre. General information 158
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
Barcelona. Annual commercial report 161
Malaga. Commercial report ] 64
Santander. Annual report 171
Adra. Annual report 186
Bilbao. Annual report, &c 1 66
Valencia. Report, guano, &c 192
Port Mahon. Annual commercial re-
port 193
Havana. Annual commercial report. 194
Matanzas. Annual report, tonnage
duty, &c 200
Cardenas. Annual report 204
Sagua la Grande. Annual report 205
I San Juan, (P. R.) Annual commer-
I cial report and recapitulation 206
I Manila. Special report 211
I Trinidad de Cuba. Annual report. .. 212
' Cienfaegos. Annual report 213
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
Lisbon. Annual commercial report.. 214
Funcbal. Annual com mercial report. 217
Oporto. Quarter report 221
Fayal. Commercial report 222
St. Michael. Annual report 224
Terceira. Special report 224
Macao. Annual report 225
BELGIUM.
Ghent. Commercial report 234
2:J8
Antwerp. Annual commercial report .
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS.
|l
Rotterdam. A treatise on the culti va-
il tion of madder 238
, Amsterdam. Annual commercial re-
ll port 259
II Batavia. Commercial and statistical
I report 268
I I Cura^oa. Special report t274
Digitized by V^OOQlC
VI
CONTENTS.
DANISH DOMINIONS.
Elsinore. Commercial and general in-
formation
SWEDEN.
Pag«.
274
Stockholm. Generalinformaticn 297
Gottenburg. Annual report 315
NORWAY.
Bergen. Annual report 321
Stavanger. Annual report 333
RUSSIA.
St. Petersburg:. Commercial annual
report 335
Odessa. Annual report 337
Helsingfors. Commercial report 342
Amoor river. Special report 34^
AUSTRIAN DOMINIONS.
Vienna. Annual report 345
Trieste. Report from Chamber of
Commerce, statistics 347
Venice. Annual report 355
STATES OF THE ZOLLVEREIN.
PRl'SSIA.
Stettin. Annual report 356
Aix-la-Chapelle. Annual report S>7
Cologne. Annual report , 358
Barmen. Annual report 359
Crefeld. Annual report 360
Nuremberg. Auuur.! commercial re-
port 4 - - .
360
SAXONY.
Lt'ipsic. General information 363
HANOVER.
Hanover. Annual commercial report. 366
OLDENBURG.
Oldenbiu'g. Commercial report 367
HOI>n.IN AND SrilLESWIG.
Annual report and census of 372
FRANK FORT-ON-TIIE-M AIN.
Annual review, coins, weights, mea-
sures, emignitiou, tricliiiia disease,
&c 375
WrhTEMB£RG.
Stuttgart. Annual report on trade and
commerce 410
HANSEATIC FREE CITIES.
Bremen. Annual commercial report.
Bremerhaven. Special report
Hamburg. Annual commercial re-
port, emigration
SWITZERLAND.
Zurich. Annual report
Basle. Annual commercial report. .
Geneva. Annual report
Page.
416
426
426
435
438
444
ITALY.
Genoa. Commercial and statistical re-
port 445
Leghorn. Annual report 450
Palermo. Annual report 454
Trapani. Special report 457
Marsella. Annual report 457
Girgenti. Annual report 457
Licata. Annual report 458
Messina. Annual report 458
Spezia. Annual report 460
TURKISH DOMINIONS.
Constantinople. Annual report 462
Beirut. Annual commercial report.. 463
Sidon. Annual report 467
Mersine. Commercial report .... 470
Lamica. Annual report 473
Aintab. Annual report 474
Canea. Commercial report 475
MOLDO-WALLACHIA.
Galatz. Annual commercial report.. 476
EGYPT.
Alexandria. Special report 483
GREECE.
Pirwus. Agricultural report 484
JAPAN.
Kanagawa. Annual commercial report 487
Hakodadi. Annual report of trade
and custom duties 497
Nagasaki. Annual commercial trade. 500
MUSCAT.
Zanzibar. Gcuoral conunercial report 5tC>
NAVKJATOR'S ISLANDS.
Apia. Commercial and agricultural
report 513
SIAM.
Bangkok. Annual report 510
BAR BAR Y STATES.
Tangiers. Anj>naUcj^^^^^,^^. 522
CONTENTS.
BARBARY STATES— Continued.
Page.
TTmis. Annual report 523
Tripoli. Annual report 525
BORNEO.
Bmnai. Annual report 525
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Hilo. Special report 5*26
CHINA.
Shanghai. Annual commercial report 527
Canton. Annual official abstract re-
^ port, &c 536
Swatow. Annual report of trade 544
Amoj. Annual report 548
Newchwang. Commeicial report, &.c. 550 I
Che-Foo. Annual report 563
HAYTI.
Jacmel. Annual report 566
MEXICO.
Mexico. Annual industrial and com-
mercial report 568
Tampico. Annual report.... 570
' era Cmz. Annual report from cus-
tom-house, &c 571
NICARAGUA.
vn
Page.
San Juan del Sur, (Corinto.) Report
compiled from invoice 574
UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.
Panama. Special report 577
NEW GRANADA.
Cartagena. Annual report 578
VENEZUELA.
La Guajra. Annual report of trade,
&c 582
Maracaibo. Summary report 586
Puerto C abello. Partial report 587
BRAZIL.
588
590
Rio Janeiro. Annual tabular report .
Maranham. Partial report
URUGUAY.
Montevideo. Annual report 590
PERU.
Callao. Annual Qommercial report . . 591
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Buenos Ayres. Tabular report.
59
Digitized by LjOOQIC
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CONTENTS OF PART II.
List of countries and the ports in each country from which consular returns of
commerce and navigation may he found in the tables.
BRITISH DOMIKIONS.
Akvftb 625
Amigaa 647
Barbadoes 632
Ba.<*eiii 624
BelfLSt 616
Belize 641
Bermuda 648
Bombaj 624
Bristol 606
Calcutta 619 I
Cape Town 631 I
Cardiff 607 '
Cork 615
Cowea 612
Ceylon 627
Demcrara 639
Dundee 617
Ett»t Harbor 645
Falmouth 611
Gibraltar 618
(iloucester 606
Hamilton 644
Halifax 655
Hong-Konjr 621
Hull 614 I
Kingston, (Jamaica) 636 i
Kingston, (C. W) 654
Leith 617
Liverpool 600
bindon 598
J>ondondeny 617
Maulmein 626
>Iaaritiu«, (Port Louis) 643
Melbourne 62S
Millbrd Haven 611
MosaulBay 631
Montreal 656
Natal 631 i
Nassau, (N.P) 657
Newcastle, (N. S-W) 627
Newcastle-upon-Tyne 614
Newport 609
n.mouth 613
Port Adelaide 629
PortEUzabeth 630
Portsmouth 612
^Jtfnia 653
^ItCay , 645
^nnon'8 Town 630
?ing»pore 623
s^t. Andrews 650
Ht Chritlopher 642
"^ George 652
^..Helena 642
II
BRITISH DOMINIONS— Continued.
Page.
St. John, (N. B) 64.S
St. John, (N. F; 657
Southampton 613
Swansea 610
Sunderland 612
Trinidad 646
Turk's Island 638
Weymouth 613
Victoria 658
Windsor 657
FRENCH DOAUNIONS.
Bordeaux 662
Cette 662
Guadaloupo 665
Havre 659
Marseilles 661
Martinique 663
La Rochelle 663
Port deFrance 664
St. Martin 665
St. Pierre, (Martinique) 664
St. Pierre, (Miquelon 666
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
Alicante 671
Arecibo 695
A^adilla 695
Baracoa 671
Barcelona 669
Bilbao 671
Cadiz 666
Cardenas 683
Fajardo 696
Guantanamo ' 690
Guaynia, (P. R) 670
Havana 672
Humacao 696
Las Palwas 693
Malaga 667
Manila 692
Manzanillo 680
Matauzas 67y
Mayaguez 689
Naguabo 696
Nuevitas 693
Ponce, (P. R) 687
PortMahon 698
Sagna La Grande 675
San Jago de Cuba 697
San Juan de los Remedios 69l
San Juan, (P. R) 696
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
X
CONTENTS.
SPANISH DOMINIONS— Continued. !
Page.
Santandcr 669
Santa Cruz, (Teneriffe) 671
Tarragona 669
Valencia G^
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
Fayal
Funchal
Lisbon
Macao
Oporto
St. Michael
St. Paul tie Loando.
699
702
698
*7Ui
700
700
701
BELGIUM.
Antwerp 702
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS.
Amsterdam 703
Batavia 706
Cura^oa 704
Padano^ 707
Paramaribo 705
Rotterdam 703
HANSE TOWNS.
Bremen 707
Hamburg 708
DANISH DOMINIONS.
Altona
Christiansted .
Elsinore
Fredericksted.
Gluckstadt ...
St. Thomas ..
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
Got ten burg
St. BartholuQiew.
RUSSIA.
Amoor River ,
Cronstadt
PRUSSIA.
Stettin .
AUSTRIA.
Trieste .
709
712
709
712
709
710
714
713
715
714
715
716
ITALY.
Cagliari 721
Leghorn 721
Gt-iioa 716 '
ITALY— Continued.
Messina.
Naples ..
Palermo .
Spezia . .
TURKEY.
Alexandria
Beiriit
Constantinople
Smyrna
LIBERIA.
Monrovia ,
MUSCAT.
Zanzibar .
SIAM.
Bangkok .
CHINA.
Amoy
Canton
Foochampoo.
Hankow
Ningpo
Shanghai
Swatow
JAPAN.
Hakodadi . .
Kanagawa .
Nagasaki ..
BURMAH.
Rangoon .
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
Hilo
Honolulu
Labaina . .
SOCIETY ISLANDS.
Papeiti .
Tahiti .
Apia.
FRIENDLY ISLANDS.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
St. Domingo Citj ^_^.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
Pag**.
717
722
722
723
723
724
724
724
725
726
727
7:54
735
733
735
732
731
736
729
727
728
730-
741
737
740
771
771
770
742
CONTENTS.
XI
HAYTI.
Pgae.
Cape Hajtien 743
GonuTes 742
Jacmel 745
Port ail Prince 743
MEXICO.
Acapaico 746
(iaajmas 747
La Paz 747
Mazatlan 748
Minatitlan 749
Taapico 750
Vera Craz 750
HONDURAS.
Omoa 751
NICARAGUA.
Corinte 752
San Juan del Xorte 751
San Juan del Sur 751
V'ENEZUELA.
La Gnayra 755
PaertoCabello 758
NEW GRANADA.
Vage.
Panama 753
Sabanilla 752
BRAZIL.
Maranbam 762
Para 763
Pernambuco 761
Rio Grande del Sul 762
Rio de Janeiro 759
St. Catharine's Island 763
PERU.
Callao 765
Payta 764
Turabez 763
I CHILI.
Talcabuano 767
BOLIVIA.
: Cobija 763
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
i Buenos Ayres 768
I URUGUAY
' Montevideo 769
Digitized by LjOOQIC
Digitized by LjOOQIC
PART I.
-A.B8TR^CTS
OF
CONSULAR RETURNS
AND
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.
1865.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ABSTllAOTS
OP
CONSULAR RETURNS
AND
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
ikatemetU of the imparts from the United States to Great Britain and Ireland t
of the principal articles of United States produce and their values, in the ten
months ended October 31, 1865, compared with the corresponding period of
the year 1864.
Articles.
Quantity.
Value.
1864.
1865.
1864.
1866.
Cotton— raw poundii.
Com— wlieat buabela.
flour cwt.
Tobaceo— stemmed pounds.
nnstemmed do...
manfM and snnfif. . .do. . .
13,185,312
14,145,040
1,709,898
5,435,674
27,106,227
5,438,162
30,152,080
1,903,886
226,964
8,537,676
31,537,883
1,195,968
17,781,233
17,278,068
4,918,457
1,565,890
5,798,490
3,091,288
112.294,710
2,183,018
674,896
2,377,222
5,427,339
2,107,562
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ANNUAL REPOET ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
^
^
.«
1^
•I I
s
I
I
i
I
>ifteo«Dec«
§§P§^5^Sir$^i5
r^ r? CO lO M 5
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•S-iS
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 5
Conkparative statement showing the quantities of raw cotton imported to and
exportedjrom Great Britain and Ireland for eleven months of the years 1864
and 1865.
IMPORTED INf 0.
Countries whence exported.
1864.
(eleven months.)
1865.
(eleven months.)
From United States pounds..
Brazil ....... pounds..
Egypt pounds..
British East Indies pounds..
Other countries pounds..
Total
13,346,704
32,298,560
119,376,768
423,870,944
32,520,880
621,413,856
48,582,676
43,769,376
148,746,304
383,356,960
43,504,272
667,959,488
EXPORTED FROM.
Countries to which exported.
1864.
(eleven months.)
1865.
(eleven months.)
To Russia, northern ports pounds..
ProMia pounds..
Hanover pounds..
Hanae Towns pounds..
Holland...... .........2 pounds..
Other countries pounds..
Total
Retained for consumption.....
Totalimpoxted, (as above)
24,902,752
5,562,256
51,965,792
53,690,032
45,003,952
97,786,352
228,911,136
392,602,720
621,413,856
30,913,456
4,936,288
1,645,056
67,614,736
42,835,968
120,693,104
268,638,608
399,320,880
667,959,488
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOBEIGN COMMEBCE.
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S222Sg2S52S58f22gf£rt2SS5
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BRITISH DOMINIONS.
5 S S 2 S g 2 S3 S 2 8 sf s a S S 5 § ^¥i s
^ <o ^tCoD » ko^^o oTo tCoD oTo oToo
t^«o»afc^j-jt*;50oeogi\ooc2cx)eoo>3;q»gi
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Jigitized by
CTOogle
ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COBiMERCE.
COMMERCIAL STATISTICS.
The following were transmitted to the department hj George J. Abbot, esq.,
consal of the djstrict of Sheffield and Bradford :
Comparative statement showing description, quantities, and declared value of
the exports of some principal British and Irish produce and manufactures to
the United States for the year ended December 31, 1865, compared with the
year 1864.
Articles
Quantities.
Declared value.
1864.
1865.
1864.
1865.
Sewing thread Iba..
Copper : wrought or partly wrought, sheets
and nails, bars, rods, plates, bottoms,
}ans, and mixed or yellow metal for sheath-
ne cwts..
Wool, (sheep and lamb) lbs..
Harberdasherr and millinery
898,251
3,512
203,554
863,250
10,020
352,232
214,050
16,426
16,300
761,778
116,247
90,806
265,879
75.831
39,093
202,354
42,404
31,410
937,709
Hardware and cutlery: cutlery, knives, forks,
scissors, shears, and surgical or anatomical
instruments ............................
167,011
96,806
Manufactures of steel, or of steel and iron
cdmbined : anrlls, vices, saws, files, edge
tools, cranks, slidebar8,&c.,and implements
of industry other than agricultural not
wholly composed of iron or steel
Manufactures of German silver, of pewter and
Britannia metid, of papier-mach6 ; lamps,
chandeliers, candelebra, and hardware not
specifically described
374, 312
Silk manufactures, other articles of silk only.
Silk mixed with other materials
130,311
46,539
•
Comparative statement showing the real value of the imports into Oreat Britain
from the United States, and exports to the United States of gold and silver
bullion and specie registered in the years ended December 31, 1864 and 1865.
Imports.
Exports.
1864. .
1865.
1864.
1865.
Gold
£7,479,790
155,150
£4,304,495
230,065
£185, 100
4,631
£61,087
4,831
Silver
Total.-
7,634,940
4,534,560
169,731
65,918
-Comparative statement sJiowing the exports of wool from Great Britain to the
United States during the years ended December 31, 1864 and 1865.
1864. 1865.
Wool, sheep and himbs', lbs 4, 210, 956 7, 344, 265
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BBITISH DOMINIONS. \}
ENGLAND.
Lbbds — ^W. L. Raymond, Consul,
April 13, 1865.
I transmit herewith the returns of invoices certified at the consular offices
of this district daring the quarter ended March 31, 1865, as follows:
At Leeds $169, 895 39
At Hull 2, 935 88
Total amount 172, 831 27
I b^ leave to call the attention of the State Department to the great differ-
ence between the returns from Leeds for the first quarter of the year 1864 and
that of the present year. At the dose of the first quarter of 1864, the returns
of goods invoiced at Leeds alone amounted to $1,216,655 78; and of this
amount, $512,734 07 represented 202 invoices of one of the principal staples of
the Leeds trade, viz : woollen and Union cloths. The total amount of goods in
voiced at Leeds during the first quarter of 1865 is as stated above, $172,839 27 ;
of which ten invoices, amounting to $10,909 36, represent the whole amount of
woollen and Union cloths. In conversing with the principal merchants and
manufacturers heretofore engaged in the American trade, I find it to be the
universally expressed opinion that, although the fluctuation in the price of gold
has been one of the causes, the high duty on woollen goods is the chief cause of
the decrease of exports to the United States of that species of goods. The al-
most total cessation of the American trade during the past six months has
obliged the manufacturers engaged in that trade to sell their goods at home, thus
coming into competition, ruinous to all parties, with manufacturers engaged in
the home and continental trades. Nor^ has the loss affected only the manufac-
turers. By the competition between the manufacturers the merchants, or middle-
men, have lost their customers, the manufacturers offering their goods directly
to the small trader and consumer. Numerous failures have been the result of
this state of affairs, both among manufacturers and merchants. I am also in-
formed that woollen goods to the value of many thousands of pounds sterling,
which comprised a portion of the goods sent to the United States in the spring
of IS64 and not taken out of bond, have been returned to this country in prefer-
ence to selling them at a great loss.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
10
ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
11
Hull — ^Henry J. Atklxson, Consular Agent.
StatemePt shewing the description, port of destination, and value of exports to
the United States from Hull during the several quarters of ike year ended
September 30, 1865, f compiled Jrom consular returns.)
Deteripdon.
Deitination.
|f3
III
ill
ill
It
III
1
ii
11
Gokn
New York
San Francisco -
New York and
San Franciioo.
Boston
151 18 8
66 19 8
£ «.ii
& 9. d,
455 4 6
656 4 3
£ f . d.
1.263 7 5
66 19 8
Do
Do
310 2 11
210 2 11
Do
38 6 5
1,259 0 6
38 6 5
Onlort md palDto
New York
56 8 5
102 5 2
1,315 8 11
102 5 2
Paris white «nd painte
do.i
Do "
do
sias
19 3 8
14 14 8
32 3 5
57 0 6
do
14 14 8
Pari* white and colon ......
do
161 12 0
161 12 0
Paint*
do
do
83 17 8
91 7 5
220 13 3
395 18 4
Paints and oik
163 5 4
163 5 4
in>itifi^
do
366 7 10
67 10 0
366 7 10
Cliff ftone..
do
67 10 0
VaniiKh
do
72 ii 6
39 16 6
72 11 0
»rmilioD
do
39 18 6
Total
308 95
606 11 9M0S15 7 19.310 11 11
4,335 8 8
'
Shbffibld and Bradford— George J. Abbot, Consul^
January 9, 1865.
I have the honor to report the valae of goods exported to the United States »
the invoices of which have heen verified within this consular district, for the
quarter and year ended Decemhcr 30, 1864, compared with that of goods ex-
ported during the corresponding quarter, and year of 1863.
Where verified.
SheffieM ....
Bradford....
Huddersfield
Nottingham .
Total.
Valme of invoices
for the last quar-
ter of 1863.
£ f . d.
204,073 1 4
435,613 11 2
93,760 12 7
103,944 14 10
897,391 19 11
Value of invoices
for the last quar-
ter of 1864.
£ s.
97,972 0
97,784 17
34,326 12
15,428 14
245,512 3 4
pigitized by
Google
12
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the value of invoices of goods exported to the
United States Jrom the consular district of Sheffield and Bradford for the
years 1863 and 1864.
Where verified.
Valae of inyoiceB
for the year 1863.
Value of invoices for
the year 1864.
Sheffield
£ s, d.
804,302 1 0
1,210,611 11 2
231,232 3 8
450,755 19 10
£ s. d,
782,226 11 7
1,614,455 7 8
423,212 4 6
320,618 3 10
Bradford
Hnddersfield
Nottimrhftm ...................................
Total
2,696,902 15 8
3,140,512 7 7
It will be seeD by reference to former reports from this consular district
that while tbe first six months of 1864 exhibit a lai^e increase of exports
to the United States from this consulate, those of the last six months of* the
same year exhibit a very remarkable decrease, arising, as I have had occasion
heretofore to remark, from the large increase of duties under the tariff which
went into effect on the first day of July last, the high rate of exchange, the
fluctuations in the currency, and the high rates of interest which ruled in Eng-
land during the middle and latter part of the year.
April 7, 1865.
I have the honor to inform you that the value of the invoices certified in this
consular district during the quarter ended the 31st March, amounts to
$2,592,676 60, and for the corresponding quarter of 1864 to $6,163,420 14,
showing a decrease of $3,570,743 54.
The goods exported consisted chiefly of steel and cutlery from Sheffield, of
worsted stuff irom Bradford, of woollens from Hnddersfield, and of laces and
hosiery from Nottingham.
The decrease in exports from the several divisions of this district is as
follows :
In steel and cutlery from Sheffield $601,249 02
In worsted goods from Bradford 1,984,601 29
In woollens from Huddersfield 585,936 47
In laces and hosiery from Nottingham 398,956 76
3,570;743 54
These figures indicate that the decrease is not due entirely to the existing
tariff, as the British manu£M;turers would have us believe, but, in a measure,
to the economy which every loyal Anierican has found it necessary to practice
who had relatives in the army.
Our mechanics and manufacturers could not dispense with the steel of
Sheffield, but they have been quite willing to use their old suits and dispense
with the worsted goods of Bradford; and American women have preferred to
send gifts to the hospitals and the sanitary and Christian commissions, rather
than purchase dress goods, laces, hosiery, and fine cutlery.
May 29, 1865.
In a former despatch I stated the value of the goods exported from this
consulate to the United States during the quarter ended March 31, 1865, and
also for the corresponding quarter of 1864. I now transmit several printed
articles, compiled from official reports, exhibiting the declared value of the
principal articles of British products and manufacture exported from the whole
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
13
kingdom to the United States during the same period of 1865, showing the de-
crease to be c£3,241|723, as compared with corresponding quarter of 1864.
EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES
In the declared values of the principal articles of British produce and manu-
factures exported from this country to the United States during the first three
mouths of the present year there is a startliug decrease as compared with the
"returns'' for the corresponding period of 1864, the total valuation for the
quarter ended March 31 last having been 662,662,916 against r£5,904,639 for
the same months in 1864, thus exhibiting the enormous deficiency of
c£3,241,723 ; and these figures, it should be observed, refer to the principal
articles only. The restrictive duties lately imposed by Congress on the im-
portation of manufactured goods into the United States will, to a very great
extent, account for this extraordinary falling off. On cotton manufactures
the amount of deficiency was of the value of c£ 408,585; on haberdashery,
<i€24S,164; on linen manufactures, c£319,192; on iron and steel, <£804,091;
on lead, ^99,756 ; on silk manufactures, c£74,098 ; on hardware and cutlery,
dCS2,679 ; and on woollen manufactures as much as c£934,520.
Of other descriptions of British exports shipped to the United States in the
present year particulars are not furnished in the official accounts oftener than
annually, so that the aggregate deficiency for the past quarter cannot be sup-
plied. In the table below is an account of the values of the most important
items shipped hence to the United States in the first quarter of the years 1864
and 1865:
Three months ended 31st March.
Articles.
1864.
1865.
Decrease.
Alkali, soda
Beer and ale
Coab
Cottons
Coiton thread
Eartheuware
Haberdashery, &c
Hardware and cutlery ..-
Liotn manufactures
Linen thread
Iron and steel
Copper, wrought
Tin plates
Oilseed
J»lt
SiQc manufiictuiBS
Spirits, British
Wool, sheep^s
Woollen manufactures .
Total
Decrease in 1863
£112,861
£101,860
16,211
6,405
28,056
15,989
809,530
400,945
91,121
29,013
123,912
88,975
465,527
217.363
167,474
84,795
914,917
595,725
62,819
38,322
1,016,460
212,369
11,502
6,164
104,833
5,077
198,454
152,351
34,377
39
6,716
6,142
129,092
54,994
5,172
180
24,877
1,580,728
646,208
£11,001
9,806
12,067
408,585
62, 108
34,937
248,164
82,679
319, 192
24,497
804,091
5,338
99,756
46, 103
34,338
574
74,098
4,992
24,877
934,520
5,904,639
2,662,916
2,662,916
3,241,723
3,241,723
BRITISH REVENUE.
The financial year of the British government closes with the month of
March, and the revenue for the year ending on the 3l8t of that month in
1865 was dC70,313,436, or a little less than one million dollars a day for the
year. Of this revenue the customs have yielded oe22,572,pOQ,,^«fl^t
Jigitized by
14
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
de23,232,000 in 1864, which is <£660|000 less, owing to a reduction of
duties amounting to dei,300,000, which shows that the customs have fallen off
only half the amount of the reduction.
The revenue derived from excise has gone up from o£18,207,000 in 1864, to
cei9,558,000, an increase of oei,351,000.
The returns of the post office show an increase on the year of <£300,000,
the revenue being <£4,100,000, as against <£3,800,000 for the preceding year.
The total result of the year exhibits a decrease of de600,000 on the customs,
caused by the diminution of the sugar duties. There is also a decrease of
o£l, 126,000 from lowering the property tax.
During the year the imports into the United Kingdom from the colonies
amounted to c£93,726,766, and from foreign countries oei81,137,158, making a
total of de274,863,924.
Comparative statement showing the description, place of production, and value
of exports from Bradford (consular district of Sheffield and Bradford) to
the United States for the last tivo quarters of the year ended Sept&mher 30,
.1865.
Description.
Where produced.
Quarter ended Jane
30, 1865.
Quarter ended Sep-
tember 30, 1865.
Yam
Bradford ...
£ s. d.
366 4 0
460 14 0
133 17 0
£ #. d,
864 13 0
Do
Halifax
156 15 6
Do
Biuffley ..............
176 3 0
Do
Keiehley
47 16 0
WooUeng
Bradford ^--.-
998 12 I
1,150 15 10
Do
Halifax
1,687 1 1
Do
Hickmondwick ...... ..
340 3 0
Matfl
Halifax
563 18 0
46,518 5 8
74 2 0
2,609 16 8
511 2 5
2,597 2 0
Carpets
do
91,913 12 3
Looms .--.-• ..........
Bradford
46 4 0
Machineiy . ............
do
7,345 4 8
296 11 1
Do
Keichley
Do
Halifax
242 4 6
Iron ..................
Lowmoor .............
7,322 4 0
4,905 14 6
358 14 0
Hemo .............
Halifax
Paper .................
Keitrhley
242 12 7
Hollands
Halifax
397 19 0
Stuffs
Bradford •••.
312,955 1 1
867,871 19 8
Total
372,513 16 11
980,642 5 8
The amount of goods exported to the United States, the invoices of whi ch
have been verified at this office during tie year, has been above thd average,
although with great fluctuations, as will be seen bj the following table :
Summary statement showing the value of invoices certified at Bradford during
the several quarters of the years, ended respectively September 30, 1863,
1864, and 1865.
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
1864-'65.
Quarter ended December 31 . .
Quarter ended March 31
Quarter ended July 30
Quarter ended September 30 .
$1,014,071 51
899,432 53
1,837,486 03
(2,108,369 63
3,325,458 65
2,546,082 44
1,459,144 32
$472,278 82
1,350,857 31
1,802,967 03
4,746,308 64
Total.
3,750,980 07
9,439,055 04
8,372,055 80
jigitizea oy VJOOQ
^t-
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 15
The above statement indicates a very considerable increase of the export trade
between Bradford and the United States. The trade in iron, from the great
furnaces of Lowmore and Bowling, both situated in the suburbs of this town,
has not been of late near as large as in former years. The production of iron in
the United States is now, probably, great and remunerative enough to defy
foreign competition. There is also a falling off in the quantity of worsted spin-
ning and weaving machinery shipped. The probability is, I think, that it will
be impossible to establish the manufacture of worsted " Bradford goods " in
America, on a firm basis, until a wholesale emigration of weavers taJ^es place,
which would be very greatly encouraged should our government provide cheap
yam for them, by allowing that article to come in under a nominal duty.
The great increase of the year's trade has been in worsted piece goods, the
staple mannfacture of this place, and to some extent in carpets, shipped from
Halifax. The close of the war found the whole country at home, and especially
the south, in great want of this class of manufactures, to supply which want a
really immense trade has recently sprung up. Nothing li&e it has ever been
seen in Bradford ; according to the common talk ** the Americans are wild."
Every piece adapted to the American trade is eagerly taken up months before it
b manofactured with very little regard to color, width, quality, or price. This
has been the case for two months past, and although a lull, perhaps, indeed a
disastrous reaction, must necessarily come soon, there is as yet very little abate-
ment of the demand.
And yet, in spite of the great pressure upon the market for manufactured
goods, it is a fact that many looms here are now lying idle. This extraordinary
circumstance is not owing to any difference between employers and their opera-
tives. Bradford has grown marvellously fast within twenty years past — indeed,
it is in this respect, as in a great many others, such as liberality in politics,
public spirit, and universal activity, extremely like many of our newer American
cities — ^yet the demand for labor has far outstripped the accommodation pro-
vided for the laborers. There is absolutely no room in the town for the num-
bers of work people who would otherwise be attracted from all parts by the
prospect of high wages and certain employment Not a house is to be found
vacant, even of the meanest description, and the mill-owners, who have enlarged
their premises without providing houses for the operatives and their families, are
compelled, in many cases, to work short-handed in consequence. This smgular
state of things must, however, right itself before long.
I do not see much likelihood for some time to come of any extensive individual
emigration of operatives from this district to the United States. They are really
too well off where they are, according to their notions, to make them anxious to
run the risk of what they suppose to be backwoods life in America. And as
for those who are better informed about the New World by reading, or from the
reports of emigrant friends, they are just the men who are certain to get on well
by staying here.
The condition of the operatives in this neighborhood is, I believe, better than
that of any other similar class in the kingdom. They are generally temperate,
frugal, and saving; they live in a very decent sanitary condition ; mostly belong
to benevolent societies, trades unions, and mechanics' institutes ; have a fair
mdimentary education, and get good wages. They are commonly paid by the
piece, so that some earn more than others. The men usually earn from thirty
to forty shillings per week, and the women (factory girls) from fifteen to twenty
shillings without overwork. A half holiday on Saturday is universal.
The " model mill," erected some twelve years since by Mr. Salt, at Saltaire,
three miles out of Bradford, and the model village which he has built for the
residence of his operatives, have, I believe, tended in many ways towards the
well-being of the- working classes in the neighborhood.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
16 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
As there is, I believe, no other such establishment in the world, I trust that a
description of it will not be found out of place in this report.
The mill occupies six acres of ground, having on the one side the Midland
railway, and on the other side the canal which connects the Atlantic ocean with
the North sea. There are in its different stories Hi acres of flooring. It is
built of a light, handsome stone, in the Italian style or architecture. The front
on the railway is 545 feet long and 72 feet high, and is of six stories. The
lower floors are divided in the middle by the engine-rooms, but the top story
runs the whole length of the l|ailding, and forms one of the very 'largest rooms
in the world. The floors are built in the most perfect fire-proof m^uiner ; the
roof is of iron, and the windows are formed of immense squares of plate
glass. From the centre of the main building the warehouses run back to
the canal, a distance in all of 330 feet, and rising to a height above th^ canal
of some 90 feet. On each side of the warehouses the remaining space is occu-
pied with sheds containing rooms for preparing wool. Below these are im-
mense cisterns, with filters, holding 500,000 gallons of rain-water, used for
manufacturing purposes. On the top is a tank, holding 70,000 gallons of wate^
pumped from the river, for the supply of the town and for use in case of fire
On one side facing the high road are offices, storerooms, &c. The engines are*
1,250 horse power, with eight boilers, which are supplied by pipes from the
river. 2,400 tons of stone were used in making the engine beds. The chimney
is at the corner of the works, separated, 18 feet square at the base, and 250 feet
high. The gas-works are very large, yielding 100,000 feet per day for 5,000
lights in the establishment and for the supply of the town. The gasometer is
60 feet in diameter and 18 feet deep. Mr. Salt employs 4,500 hands, who work
1,200 looms, and produce some 18 miles of cloth each day.
Dkcbmbbr 16, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit herewith a report from Mr. McGlintock, vice-
consul at Bradford, embodying some interesting facts in relation to the manufac-
ture, at this place, of the " China grass," so called.
Consulate of the United States,
Bradford^ December 15, 1865,
The Chinese have for centuries made, by hand labor, various descriptions of
" grass cloth " well known in America and Europe, and often of great strength
and beauty, from the fibre of the Boehmeria cordata, or Urtica nivea, known in
commerce as Chinese grass.
Large quantities of the grass have at various times been brought over to
England, and probably also to the United States, in the hope of finding a mar-
ket among the dry goods manufacturers who are always on the lookout for
new materials ; but it has hitherto been, and it is even now, found impossible to
produce a true " grass cloth " by machinery. The fibre is rather brittle, though
very strong, and it is found that the China grass cloth of commerce is only to
be woven by hand labor, in which, of course, the Chinese themselves are beyond
the reach of competition. Large quantities of the grass have, therefore, been
in store in London and elsewhere for year^. Some enterprising manufacturer
would occasionally purchase a few tons with which to make experiments, but
the only result for a long time was, that he who experimented the most lost the
most. Thousands and even tens of thousands of pounds were sunk by one and
another, who each fancied for a time that he had discovered the true method of
working up this intractable substance. Whether it was tried in the United
States or not I do not know, but the concurrent testimony of my American
friends in the trade is, that no one is now successfully working it at home.
Within two or three years past, however, several firms in this neighborhood
have succeeded, by chemical means, in bringing the fibre into a state most
Jigitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 17
cloudy reflembling the best mobahr or other bright worsted, and have worked
Dp great quaotitieB of the refined material as a substitute for worsted in many
kiods of stuff goods, always, however, in combination with cotton, (the warp
beipg of cotton and the weft of the Ghina grass,) as they have not yet been able
to work it properly alone.
The manufacture of worsted goods — that is, of goods made of long-staple
wool, as distinguished from short-staple or ordinary wool — ^has become an im*
meiife trade, of which Bradford has at present almost a monopoly, although the
nuLDu&cture has lately been extending in many parts of New England. Four-
fifths of these goods are of mixed material — that is, are made with cotton warps.
And for many articles of the kind, especially for those requiring a stiff, strong, •
tnd cool texture, combined with a glossy, silky appearance, it is found that the •
prefMued China grass makes the verj best materuu.
Of course, the grass manufacture is yet in very few hands, but its derelop-
ment already, even within the last few months, has been signally rapid. The
market value of the raw material has for some years past maintained itself at
the Tery high rate of abr)ut eighty pounds per ton, which price it is supposed
canoot be much lessened for many years to come. Two things are certain in
this respect : one, that there is now and will be here a practically limitless mar-
ket for all the raw *'. grass" that can be imported at from seventy to eighty
pounds per ton; the other, that under any fluctuations of the market the ma*
teri&I is intrinsically so valuable that it will always in the future command a
price as high as that of cotton, and nearly or quite as high as that of worsted
it«elf, if not even higher.
Here, then, is a great and rapidly increasing market for a certain vegetable
prodaction at a very high price. In America we have, on the other hand, vast
tracts of country which, being in the same latitude and with very much the
Mme climate as those districts of China of which the grass is native, should be
able to grow this production to great advantage. Why not, then, introduce its
culture {
It seems certain that the manufacture of the grass fibre will be established in
our country at no distant day ; but in the mean time there is a market in Eng-
land for all that we can conveniently grow. It is, for our planters, simply a
question of experiment with the seed, having in view the market price of the
law product Successful experiments have been made very recently in Java
aod iu India proving that the grass will grow in any climate warm enough for
the culture of cotton and sugar, provided the ground chosen be sufficiently
moist.
I venture to snggest that further information, as well as quantities of the seed,
&c, can doubtless be furnished by our consular officers in China, especially,
Perhaps, by the consul at Hankow, that place being the chief market for the
gws, which ia brought thither from the interior, and often from a great distance.
Gkobgb J. Abbott, Esq.,
Umiud States Consul Sheffield and Bradford.
HoDDBBSKiBED — Thomas Stbphbnson, Consular Agent,
Sbptbmber 30, 1865.
The population of Huddersfield proper is about 32,000 souls ; including the
eubnrbaa villages, closely related, and lying within a radius of a few miles, it
is 60,000.
Tbe number of legal voters for the borough is 2,037.
The wages per week in the several trades is as follows : Dyers receive IBs,
2cB r^ T
Digitized by VjOOQIC
18 ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
to cCl; day laborers, 18#, to £i; carpenters, 28*. to 30*.; bookbinders, 24*.;
blacksmiths, 27*.; bookkeepers, ^60 to ^300 per year; tinsmiths, 24*. per
week; tailors, 24*. to 27*.; shoemakers, 18*. to 28*.; printers, 26*.; ware-
bonsemen, 24*.; pi ambers, 26s. to 28*.; plasterers, 24*.; 'painters, 24*.; white-
smiths, or locksmiths, 25*. to 28*.; bricklayers, 28*. to 30*.; masons, 28*. to
30*., for 52 J hours to the week; policemen receive 18*. per week; domestic
servants, 4*., exclusive of board ; jamspinners, 25*. per week ; cloth -finishers,
men 20*., boys 8*. to 10*. ; weavers are chiefly women and girls, who receive
11*. to 12*. per -week; men weavers have. 18*. to 20*. The provisions of
the factory act limit the labor in the mills, of children nnder 13 years to 8
hours a day, of youths between the years of 13 and 18 to 10 hours a daj,
while adults are allowed to work without restriction.
Hand- loom weavers of this vicinity have, for many months, had but limited
employment in consequence of the decline of trade with the United States,
but, now that commerce is revived,* they find remunerative employment.
The current price of provisions is a^ under:
Beef is from Sd. to 1*. per .pound for prime cuts; mutton, 9d, to lid. per
pound; hams, 1*. to lid,; bacon, lOd.; lard, 10(2. to lid. Nearly all the
staple articles of food, as beef, mutton, milk, &c., are advancing in price.
Nottingham — Francis George Rawson, Consular Agent,
October 14, 1865.
• • The town and county of Nottingham, according to the last parlia-
mentary return in 1861, contained 74,693 inhabitants, and an area of 2,610
acres. From dull trade, emigration, and other causes, it is not probable that the
population has increased since.
• * I am glad to be able to report that during the last quarter there has
been a visible improvement in the two staple articles of trade of the town, viz :
lace and hosiery. This appears to be the case in both the home and various foreign
markets. The monthly and quarterly reports will give the best information
as to the state of trade in this district with the United States compared with
the last three years, from which it appears that a re-action has set in, and it is
confidently hoped that the crisis of stagnation has been finally passed,
although, from the recent rise in the price of cotton, a slight suspension in
business in the lace trade has been observable. The hosierers are reported to
have on their hands orders which will take considerable time to execute.
All classes of workmen are now in receipt of good wages, and there appears
to exist between master and workmen greater unanimity and good feeling than
have prevailed for some time past ; the amount of wages obtained being from
12*. to 40*. per week, according to the nature of the work performed, laborers
. making from 12*. to 15*. inclusive, and lace hands from dCl to c€2.
At the time of the latest parliamentary retiirns the number of houses in this
borough was stated at 17,177. The ratable value (being about two-thirds of
the rental) of the parishes Just completed amounts to o£256,544. The rent paid
by the working classes is from 2s. to 3*. 6d, per week; by clerks, warehousemen,
from (€19 to <£30 per annum; the better class houses producing a rental of
<£60 to dei20 per annum.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
19
Bristol — Zexas Eastmav, Consul.
Siatemeni ihotping the description, place of production^ and value of exports from
Bristol to the United States during the last three quarters of the year ended
Septemher 30, 1865, (compiled from official documents,)
Deicilption.
Place of production.
Is
II
B fl-
ea
IP
5 5
fi
lis
r
Batbbriekf Bridirewafer.
Fl«'iirdoth BriMtol .
riaj pipec and clay do .
B^ks do.
Weerirf^piml do. ,
Paiiiti and paintera' materiala I do
Twint*. lfii(«« thread, yam, nett . Bridgeport . . .
sad wning.
H>ir«paling Cattle Carey .
Lin«Ti boot webR Crewkeme . . .
Jrtg^Qodcand pipea { Bridgevrater. .
Rogi Street
£ #. d.
102 14 4
114 7 7
£ «.
203 17
73 8
115 0
105 1
S, ». d,
lf>7 14 6
335 7 7
165 13 6
4.629 3 3
636 16 11
Tutal..
53 12 10
28 14 6
lUl 3 11
816 0 1
116 14 0
56 18 7
6 16 10^
£ #. d.
474 6 5
523 3 6
280 13 6
105 1 9
28 14 6
101 3 11
6,062 0 3
116 14 0
56 18 7
6 16 10}
53 12 10
4,846 5 2
1,187 17 5,1,795 3 6»;7,829 6 1
Dbcbmbbr 29, I860.
* * The position of Bristol is admirably situated for the leading commercial
port of the kingdom. It is at the head of the deep navigation of the Bristol
channel, and was a port before any other harbor of the channel was improved.
It is situated in the soath western portion of England, the channel opening up
with a broad expanding outlet, and extending back to the interior almost inland,
so as to give the port the advantage of a sea front and midland centre. The
aocborage at King road, which is in part the harbor of Bristol, and situated at
the mouth of the river on which Bristol is built, may be said to be at the head
of the navigation of the channel, though the channel itself, for small vessels,
extends considerably further inland to Gloucester, which is quite an extensive'
shipping port in this consular district, though receiving but little American ship-
ping. A circle drawn from Bristol as an inland centre point, from the head-
lands of South Wales and Falmouth, on the point of land toward Landsend, the
coast-line which borders the Bristol channel, would embrace nearly two-thirds of
the whole area of England, very nearly reaching Liverpool, and taking I^ondon
within its compass. Rarely, indeed, anywhere in the world, is there a shipping
port so centrally situated for inland trade. The dockage of Bristol is at the
city, which is situated up the river Avon, a river on the southeastern side,
about six or seven miles from the channel. The river is deep and winding, with
high bluffs npon either shore, the tide rising at the docks from twenty-eight to
thirty .five feet. The docks are formed by locks across the river at the lower
end of the city, and the slack-water of the river Avon and a small branch,
called the Frome, make the harbor or float, forming the resting-place of all the
shipping of the port. The business portions of the city are built around the
branches of this float.
The Bristol channel, which is the inlet or extension of the ocean between the
^t of South Wales and Landsend, is of easy access, having no dangerous
K* ces to obstruct navigation ; is open to all the favorable winds from the At-
tic; is broad enough for beating up against adverse winds until near an chor-
ee groimd ; and with winds from the northwest to southeast a ship may sail up
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
20 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
to and cast anchor at the anchorage at the month of the river Avon, the entrance
to the Bristol port, which is called King road. At this place the water is deep
enough at low tide to float a first-class ocean steamer, such as plj between Liv-
erpool and New York. All around this channel are the richest of mines. On the
northwest side, all along the Welsh coast, and on the northeast and on the south-
east, above and below Bristol, are rich deposits of coal and iron. These are
worked where accessible to shipping on the channel, but the coal mines of Bristol
are used for local purposes only, and the iron almost neglected within two miles
of the ships in the Bristol float, from the want of local convenience of getting
the iron on ship-board. These coal and iron works on the Welsh side furnish
the great exports of the channel ; they are carried to all parts of the world, and
the amount is immense. Coal and iron are shipped from the ports of Cardiff
and Newport ; occasionally they are sent in transports to be shipped at Bristol.
From Gloucester salt is extensively shipped, which is manufactured in Worces-
tershire up the river Severn. Midland, in the region about Birmingham and
Wolverhampton, there are extensive iron manufactories, furnishing a vast amount
of freight to Liverpool, but which is about equally distant to Bristol, and this
port at least has equal claims upon the shipment of exports from this Midland
district. Probably in no part of the world, on a sea- coast, is there so much
material for heavy shipping for all parts of the world as is furnished from the
Bristol channel, now mainly shipped from Cardiff and Newport, but which might
be largely extended from the port of Bristol. Two-fifths of all the export ship-
ping of the British islands are from the Bristol channel, but on the channel there
are oply two import places or ports of discharge of cargoes, viz : Gloucester and
Bristol. Ships which come to these ports to discharge freight, as well aa other
ports of England and Fraiicj, go in ballast across the channel to Newport and
Cardiff, there to take in return cargoes of coal and iron. These two latter ports
are not ports of discharge, and are as deficient in receiving cargoes inward as
Bristol and Gloucester are for supplying cargoes outward. A port which could
combine both export and import trade equal to the capacity of the Bristol chan-
nel for business, would become one of the greatest of Bi itish ports. This is
what has been the claim of Bristol and the desire of her merchants for many
years past.
But notwithstanding the favorable situation of this city for business and trade
of all south and central England for importation of sugar, grain, and timber
which it now receives, and for the exportation of iron, coal, and heavy manu-
factures of Midland, England, and notwithstanding its lying in the path of traffic
between the United States and London, yet no successful arrangements have
been made for securing this trade. It has not yet, up to this date, one railway
line that has a connexion with the shipping. There are no water fronts for re-
ceiving coal from the mines that lie about Bristol and its suburbs, some of
which are extensive and famous, as at Kingswood. None of these railways,
viz : the Midland to Birmingham, the Great Western, which connects Bristol
with London, and the Southwestern to Exeter and Plymouth, and the new Hue
to South Wales, have any means of discharging freight for shipping, or receiv-
ing inland freight from the shipping, without carriage by trucks through the
midst of the city to their goods stations, from the distance of one or two miles.
For these and other reasons the trade of Bristol has been left as it was in times
before railways, and when its prosperity was derived from its trade in the pro-
ducts of the slave plantations of tfie West Indies. Other reasons are assigned
for the lack of the growth of the port from the fact that until a few years ago
the dock privileges were monopolized by a company who exacted enormous
dues, and that the accommodations have not been made to keep pace wiih the
demands of the times.
One hundred years ago Bristol stood in commercial importance where she
was entitled to stand by her natural advantages — second only to London in the
Digitized by CjOOQ !(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 21
extent of her foreippi trade. If London took the lead at that time it was he-
eaase of her Tnetropolitan character, for her advantages as a seaport are inferior
to Bristol. Bristol then had command of the trade with America and the West
Indies and the coast of Africa. At that time the slave trade was a part of the
commerce of the world. She then had her society of merchant venturers, which
continues to this day, and her trading companies little inferior to those of Lon-
don. Then it was expected that the Bristol channel, and Bristol as its princi-
pal porty would command the trade of England, for all her expectations were in
the direetion toward which the channel opened and invited commerce. The
cotton trade with America, and its manufacture in the part of England adjacent
to Liverpool, and the application of steam to ocean navigation which was wisely
Improved by that city, tiave tended to change these expectations very materially.
In the beginning of this century the improvement of harbors by the construc-
tion of docks was little known. There were then no docks in London, and only
one inferior one in Liverpool among all the ports of England. At that tim.e the
practiee was to discharge cargoes alongside of quays, the vessels rising and fall-
ing with the tide, or lying in the mud with cargoes in while the tide was low.
And thna at Bristol, vessels came up the narrow and crooked channel of the
Avon to the quays at the city ; larger vessels, which their owners could not
permit to come up the dangerous passage to lie upon the mud at low water, were
anchored at King road and their cargoes discnarged by lighters. Near the
month of the Avon were the berths of a medium class of vessels, wliere they
hung secured to the perpendicular rocks on the left side of the channel by large
iron rings, which still remain, and the place is known by the name of Hung
Roads. Such arrangements might well serve the wants of the shipping at that
early period, but the march of time has demanded other and snpenor accommo-
dations. Therefore, when docks began to be used, the Bristolians were not be-
hind their neighbors in securing l^slative powers to enable them to construct
them. In 1 803 they secured an act of Parliament for the first docks, which
was entitled " An act for improving and rendering more commodious the port
and harbor of Bristol ;" and its preamble well sets forth the state of the accom-
modations at that time as follows : '* That vessels were left dry at the quays,
which prevents many foreign vessels and others of large construction from fre-
qnenting the port ; and there is not sufficient depth of water at neap tides to
take vessels down the river Avon to sea, or bring them up on their return
voyages, whereby favorable tides are frequently lost, and great expenses, delays,
damages, and losses are sus^ined to the hindrance of commerce, and the mani-
fest injury of the port and city of Bristol." Under this act was the present
system of the docks of Bristol instituted — ^that is, they " dockized *' the river,
or constructed of the whole channel of the river Avon, and its kindred branch,
the Frome, a floating dock, by forming a lock across the channel just above
where it forms a narrow passage at the rocks of St. Vincent, near HatweH's,
which ia, in fact, the lower end of the city. This plan furnished very extensive,
economical, and amply sufficient dock privileges for the times, placing Bristol
well in the race with her rival cities. This act of Parliament vested the man-
agement of the docks in twenty seven directors, to be elected in equal portions
by the corporation of the city, the society of merchant venturers, and the share-
holders of the docks, taxing the property of the city for dock expenses, and
fixing the rate of charges, which were not to be changed. This operated in the
end to the great injury of the port, as the charges proved to be higher than, the
interests of commerce demanded, and tended to drive shipping to other ports.
And it was nearly half a century before the directors obtained power to change
tke nUes. The dock accommodations proved inadequate to the demands of
large ships which steam and ocean navigation required, as valuable ships and
cugoes would not be trusted to make the passnge up the narrow and crooked
dttnoel ot the river to reach the docks, suDJect as they would be to the action
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
22 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
of rapid carrents and suddenly falling tide?. And when it became apparent
that a new Bystem must be adopted, there was an equally divided interest and
opinion as to the best plan for effecting the improvements. Some were for
straightening the Avon and enlarging the docks ; others were for docking the
whole river Avon by one great lock at its mouth; others were for making docks
at the mouth of the river for the accommodation ot the large shipping. This
hitter plan was strenuously opposed, with the idea that it would injure the
property of Bristol, draw off its trade, or divide and carry down the business
part of the city five or six miles to the shores of the channel at the river's
month. Thus, with these conflicting interests, and the failure of the prominent
railway lines to make connexion with the shipping of the port, while nothing
was done to make the port adequate to their business wants, the place has
steadily declined from the second position in the rank of trade to that of the
ninth or twelfth in the kingdom in the amount of tonu'^ge entered and cleared,
and in imports. And yet this decline has not been without many evidences of
a spiiit of enterprise and appreciation of the position she occupies, aa well as
effort to improve her opportunities.
* * To the enterprising spirit of Bristol should be justly accredited the
honor of suggesting and solving the practicability of navigating the ocean by
steam.
* * The commercial history of Bristol is unfortunate. She was too early
in providing her dock improvements to make them adequate to the greater wants
of a growing trade upon which the kingdom was about to enter. Circumstances
compelled her to remain in bondage to this cramped and restricted policy until
other ports secured the shipping which might have been retained here more
profitably. The business of import and export, which should be confined in one
port of the Bristol channel, is divided with others. Bristol has failed to obtain
the export cargoes which she might have obtained with proper docking privileges
and connexion with railways. Thus to obtain her return cargoes her sailing
ships have to change ports in ballast, re-enter at another port a few miles dis-
tant, where cargoes are obtained not only for her own shipping, but very ex-
tensively for the shipping of other ports of the kingdom and adjoining countries.
The fact that she, in that respoct, has the advantage of every other port out of the
channel, is much in her favor even if she does not put cargoes in the ships that
come to her harbor from her own quays. The extent to which the shipping of
the kingdom is taxed to obtain the export cargoes, which alone can be obtained
from the channel, may be seen by reference to the returns of American shipping
for the year 1863, as contained in the United States consular commercial rela-
tions. For the year 1863 twenty-one ships left the port of Bristol in ballast to
take cargoes at Cardiff, eight from Gloucester, thirty-nine fram London, eight
from Liverpool, and thirteen from Havre, in France. For the same time for
Newport, four ships left Bristol, eleven left London, four Liverpool, and two
from Havre, all in ballast. These reports only apply to American ships for a
single year, and at a time when American shipping, in consequence of our war,
was at the very lowest stage. The same state of facts exists more emphatically
in application to the British shipping and the shipping of all other foreign
countries. It would be unjust to leave this summary of the past history of the
port of Bristol as the type of the real condition at the present time, and the em-
Dodiment of her hopes and expectations. The reverse is, in fact, her future.
The tide has already turned. She has conquered her difficulties. From her
?a8t unfortunate experience she has gained useful lessons for her future course,
'he repeal of the ancient dock charter was effected in 1853, and dock dues re-
duced to a fair rate, so that the port of Bristol is not now more expensive to
enter than the average of the ports of the kingdom. Yet this did not much
increase her foreign trade, for the reasons before stated, that her locks were not
large enough to admit the largest class of steamships, and from the dangers
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BBITI8H DOMINIONS. 23
of ingress and egress from the narrow and crooked coarse of the river which
links her harbor with the channel. Therefore attempts were made and divers
plans suggested to remove these disadvantages, which were for a time frustrated
for the want of nnanimity in the public sentiment as to the proper and most
profitable way of effecting the improvements. The diversity of views has re-
sulted in the projection of several different plans, which will soon be completed,
so that the port of Bristol will have more extensive accommodations for her
shipping than her friends have ever hoped. Already a line of railway has been
finished, and the trains have been running for the past year from the city of
Bristol to the mouth of the river, which is called the Port and Pier railway.
This railway is to have connexion through the city with the termini of the
several railway lines on the opposite side, which will enable them all to
send goods in carriages without transshipment from every part of England to the
piers, from which diey can immediately be transferred to ships lying in dock.
In connexion with this Port and Pier railway is a plan of constructing exten-
sive docks, already commenced, at the mouth of the river and at the head of
King road, sufficiently commodious to receive the largest class of steamers sail-
ing upon the ocean.
Sufficient parliamentary powers have been conferred upon companies already
organized to carry these plans to. a successful completion. Another railway,
and regarded as ip some sense the rival of the one previously mentioned, is al-
ready in the process of construction from the railway stations on the south and
southwest side of the floating harbor and river Avon. The line has its terminus
at a little well-sheltered cove at the lower end of King road, called Porti^head,
at which place piers of sufficient capacity will be constructed to* allow the largest
class of steamers and vessels to lie alongside and receive and discharge cargoes.
The water at this point is jdeep, the anchorage well protected by the southeast
shore, and a high hill, behind which the ships ai*e sheltered, the whole with
• ample anchorage ground, making a secure harbor. Some believe that this latter
place, which b less expensive, will be equally serviceable with others. Each
has its advocates, and is sustained by the pecuniary interests of the capitalists,
and all are, in some sense, rivals ; but the rivalry is not of that type which
threatens to defeat each other's projects, but rather to stimulate to greater exer-
tions to extend to the public the largest accommodations, by which they expect
to deserve patronage. It is hoped that the business of Bristol will in time be
so much enlarged as to merge the several plans in a common unity of success.
The Bristol and South Wales railway line, completed within two years, is
another acquisition, and will have the effect to bring freight from the Welsh
coast for shipment from the port of Bristol. This line crosses the channel a
few miles above Bristol by piers and ferry-boat. It is now proposed to improve
thir important connexion by tunnelling the channel for the distance of about
four miles at the place of the present crossing, as a substitute for the ferry.
This will be an achievement unequalled in civil engineering by any enterprise
in the country. ' In addition to the above projects of improvement, there is
another a little more remote, but relating to the business of the channel ; this
is a harbor at Brean Down, to be constructed in a bay about sixteen miles from
Bristol on the southeast shore of the channel, below Weston Super Mare. Here
there is almost a natural harbor, in which there is depth of water sufficient to
float the largest of ships at the lowest tide, where a pier and breakwater will
give sufficient protection. Very little expense, comparatively, is required to
make this place a commodious harbor. If finished, it will be less a Bristol
barbor than a grand port of safety for all ships entering the Bristol channel,
where ships might lie to discharge freight into lighters and hulks, or upon float-
ing landing' stages. Tlie Bristol and Exeter railway line runs within a short
Stance of tbe beach of the bay, and would furnish ready means of inland com-
muoicatioa. It is all well enough as a harbor, and only lacks local influence of
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
24
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
town and capital and bueiness centre, to make it one of importance. The works
now progressing there promise to make it a safe harbor for the protection of
ships, even before the docks and piers at the mouth of the Avon are completed.
BiBMiXGHAM— E. BuRBiTT, Cofuutar Agent.
Statement shotting the description and value of exports from Birmingham to the
United States during the several quart-ers of the year ended September 30,
1865, (compiled from official documents,)
DeecrlptloB.
1%^
•I
is
Twine, netting; Ssh-hoolu and
tackle.
Hardware, entlA'y.tteel andiron
Pearl and other bnttoni.-.
Pr^cioQH stones
Watches and watch materials. .
Chemicals ,
Cotton ^oods, tape, braid and
frilling.
Cotton boot- webs and webbing
Carpeting and mgs ,
SillK goods
QlasMware and glasa
Chamois skins
Music wire and Tiolin strings. . .
Metallic pens and penholders..
SilTerware and plated goods. ..
Jewelry and fancy goods
Jet ditto and Japanned ware. . .
Papier-mache
Gan materials and guns
Saddlery '.....»
Needles
Thimbles, hooks and eyes
Spectacles and optical goods. . .
Pins and hairpins
Tin plates
Chandeliers
Ackle and nlckle goods
Bead goods
R. R fly signals
Bookd, clothing, &a
Bed lead
Sundries
1,615 1 5
3S, 580 14 11
160 18 9
£ s. <1
990 13 6
39,607 3 5
9,000 19 6
& 9. d.
847 9 4
36,118 14 5
3,575 18 8
393 9 7
9,664 16 10
153 19 0
709 15 5
145 3 I
589 3 6
2,595 2 7
702 13 11
9,929 10 4
1,211 1 11
2,313 7 3
2, 870 12 11
951 9 1
2,342 1 3
291 12 6
1.812 15 11
555 16 2
3, 130 .0 11
1,751 3 7
£ #.
654 16
61,870 4
12,702 5
645 15
1.519 16
4,611 10
542 18
£ #. d.
4,108 0 5
173, 176 17
18,467 16
645 15
3.497 8
12, 547 18
988 10
46 12 10
143 3 3
330 17 6
789 13
3,106 3
1, 015 11
1.803 5
226 6
112 9 9
199 4 0
1.059 3 5
590 0 0
5,333 5 1
1,095 4 6
289 17 7
153 6 3
135 13 9
87 12 8
146 3 11
Total.
281 11 11
4. 806 13 3
4, 724 10 7
153 3 0
138 15 9
155 19 9
1,164 2 8
399 18 9
6,736 11 6
910
9,237
11.256
3,419
170
587
4,242
659
313
5.684
2,051
11,508
51
1.600
577
1,957
241
1,022
4Tr
18 3
5 10
5 1
3,399 3 3
4.644 11
9.938 15
17,290 11
10.636 5
170 6
1,377 0
7,348 4
1.675 6
10, 726 8 10
720 13 7
313 0
6. 743 15
2.641 4
16, 841 18
1,147 3
2,201 17
577 5
1, 9.57 14
241 19
1,311 4
704 4
455
3
6
0
5
0
3
1
4
0
9
8
) 11
4, 563 5 11
681 10 6
29,036 10 5
49, 960 12 5
56,401 9 1
75,435 4 1
156,582 8 1 340,379 13 8
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOUIKIONS.
25
WoRCBSTBR — T. SouTHALL, Consular Agent.
Statement showing the description, place of production and value of exports Jrom
Worcester to the United States during the last three quarters of the year
ended September 30, 1865, (complied from official documents,)
DcflcriptioBa
Wll0M pf0da66d.
11
u
Hi
Total.
Woiccster sBQoo • . • • .
TlBrfmr
Pwe^LUa goods
fv\ua Butrble goods .
StBtlgwt dack
Do
Otfpetiagt and roga. .
BoxMtiB pUte
*bfft ir*ni ...........
BtthMek
Cobalt
Total.
Woroeoter.
do
do
AibtwoodBaak...
Rddltch
Kldd«>nniiut«r . . . . ,
do ,
do
Bridge water
do ,
361 10 0
32 80
£ 9. d.
on 10 0
33 18 0
£ 9. d.
1,604 3 0
754 6 4
1,016 3 1
879 0 9
69 4 II
878 0 6
917 6 9
1,110 19 8
213 6 4
36 3
243 9
1,700 9
177 8
8,411 13
15 10
714 4 10
912 0 0
74 9 2
36
312
d.
0
0
0
6
3. 332 16 4
2.110 17 10
10,401 13 8
15 10 0
927 11 9
912 0 0
74 9 9
3,043 8 2 ,3,916 5 9
13,189 3 9
20,148 17. 8
Plymouth — ^Thomas W. Fox, Consul.
January 9, 1865.
* * Commerce in this districfc oontinaee very quiet, whilst there is al-
most an entire absence of speculation. The sale of all ardcles is confined to
bujers' present requirements, without much variation in price since my last re-
port^ with the exception of wheat, which, from a superabundance of supply from
our own farmers, has continued to decline in value; fine white is worth 38«. ^
40*. ; red, 37*. tD 39s, per quarter of 480 pounds. Barley, from 27s. to 28«.
per quarter. Oats, iSs, to I9s, Manufactured copper, c£98 to <£100. For
yellow metals, 9d per pound. Bog iron, from c£6 15*. to £7 per ton. Wales
pig, 51*. to 57s. per ton.
SCOTLAND.
Lbith — ^Nbil McLachlbn, Consul.
OCTOBBR 14, 1865.
The value of goods shipped from this district during the quarter ended the
30tb September* 1865, is oC75,155 7s, S^d., which, when compared with the cor-
responding quarter in 1864, shows an increase of c£dl,532 17#. 6j<i. • • •
There has nothing transpired worthy of calling your attention to. There has
been no direct trade between this port and the United* States. All the goods
nttnafaetured in this district for the United States markets are shipped to Liver*
pool or Glasgow, and exported from there to the United States.
There have been six arrivals of American vessels in this port during the year
ended as above, all of which came fiom Callao with cargoes 'of guano. Total
iBwant and value of cargoes, at about J^12 per ton, 8,470 tons, e£101,640.
The linen manufacturers in my district are all fully employed, the demand
Inm the United States being very good.
Digitized by LjOOQ IC
26
ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Tb*e harvest in this country is over ; even in the late districts all is gathered
in, and there is a good average crop, the yield being large and the quality good.
The cattle plague in Edinburgh, Leith, and the district has been very b^ for
the last month, and I beg leave to send to your department the official report of
I>r. Smart, submitted to the magistrates of Edinburgh, which I have cat from a
late newspaper, showing the symptons of the disease and its treatment, which, I
think, may be beneficial should ever the disease reach our country. • • •
Comparative statement showing the imports of grain, Jlnur, Sfc , into Leith
during the year ended December 31, 18C5.
Froin~
Wheat.
Barley.
Oats.
Beau.
Pease.
1664.
1865.
1864.
1865.
1864.
1865w
1864.
186&
1864.
186&
Scotland
1,350
9,925
161.383
210, 247
42,232
82,719
16,160
2.117
10,254
113,572
240, 765
V2!>. 409
64,643
36,521
107
683
3,665
13
70,911
80,542
""'i43'
i7.:ffio
777
6,180
42,346
106,950
3,03)
91,938
■i,'365"
145
6,009
39,597
18
19,487
1,137
1,273
2,130
1,049
8
9,561
4.457
17,801
81
560
210
163
9
England
5,600
Denmark
pniMiia
3.3ta
90,»?70
RuMitia
Mecklenburg
18
9,414
498
5,867
457
559
Hanite Towns
7,703
6,927
80
8,534
80
351
1,669
444
Holland
864
31
361
1.309
Hanover
4
Belgium
1
Oldenburg
1
Sweden
6,158
2.780
507
1,310
Norway ... .......
France
539
6.631
5,397
138
973
Spain and Portugal . .
Turkey
3,247
6,493
Italian Statei
4,280
AfHca
£gypt
United StAt«H
3.068
2.160
British N. America. .
::::::;:i::::;:::
Total
535,943
601 131 ^XL 7fil
180,974
29,478 1 60,904
16,556
80,283
85,835
32,470
Fron^^
Tares.
Rye.
Malt
Indian com.
Total.
Flour.
1864.
186&
1864.
1865. 1864.
1
1865.
1864.
1865.
1864.
1865w
1864. 1 1665.
I
Scotland
15
50
1,273
2,115
261
727
27
3,879
9
1
37 2,139
582
28
30, 245
13,824
241, 551
318 216
49,873
17,273
181.421
:m, 2U%
128, 445
63 432
211 1 945
England
7.i:a 6,493
Denmark. ..........
10
6,317
::::::r::::
7 982 11. 191
Prussia
517
3.050 7,406
3. 170 9
Rumia
2,643
50.965
83.430
41,192
1,051
8,531
80
351
«,665
Mecklenburg
Hanite Towns
8
524
212
1,955
1 04A 1.186
46
57,332 104' M43 66.113
Holland
,
2,274
7.863
457
797 1 1
Hanover
Belgtum
, 100
Sweden
4,090
:::::;::i::::...
France
8,143
5. 589 1 12 Ml 63. 476
,
1
Turkey
4,696
11*604
6,869
14,851
18.060
4.280
Italian States
1
Africa 1
1
i
Egypt
1
1
..•■•.
X^nlred States
'::::t'*:::: ::'■": ■*
3,068
2.160
10 1
Brit, N. America •
TotaL
3,985
7,061 :6,382
5,8562 2.139
1
610 14,247 ,6,869 818,326
> 1 1
915^554 |141,045 156,280
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
27
IRELAND.
Belfast — John YoUiNO, Consul.
Dbcbmbbr 31, 1864.
The total valae of inyoices certified at Belfast during the quarter ended
December 31, 1864, ia dei42,458 16*. 3^.
March 31, 1865.
The namber of invoices certified by me for the quarter ended this day is 562,
and their value amounts to .£274,340 5«. 6<2.
POSSESSIONS AND DEPENDENCIES.
CANADA.
MoNTRBAL — J. F. Potter, Consul General,
Comparatire statement sAowing tJie value of the imports into Montreal during
the several quarters of the year ended December 31, 1864, (compiled from
official documents.)
feS"
|8
|«5
Is
'I
I
Total.
Valvf of gooda remoTed, exported, or
Vali«»fifi»«, ex«i»hip
Valm* ffw, ez-warehonw ,
Wairhonaed ,
VaJa« of goodfi ez-nhipped
Vftlqe of goods ex-warvboQiied
Yalse of goods pajin^ specific duties . . .
Sp^fic duties ,
Ad valorem duties
Total daties
$82,394
828.730
2.838
1, 006, 705
2, 977, 341
1, 166. 152
8,023
$118, 100
1,742.876
2,011
2, 620, 151
2,841,506
1,250,872
6.214
$103,826
2,706,318
2,370
3, 449, 869
4, 537. 032
1, 988. 139
10,570
$90,714
1,300,650
5,958
1,096,612
1, 540, 946
1,545,217
8,616
1I6,0?5 96
784,102 90
167,969 48
733, 438 90
190,975 79 I 238, 164 69
1, 213, 015 70 520, 299 05
$395,034
6, 581, 564
13.177
7, 173. 337
11.896,827
5,950,380
33,422
713, 135 93
3,250,856 55
900, 128 86
901,406 38 I 1,403,991 49 . 758,463 74
3, 963, 992 47
Summary statement showing the value of goods imported and consumed at the
port of Montreal during the year 1864, {compiled from official documents.)
Value.
Hftlf year ended June 30, 1864. . .
Qurter ended September 30, 1864
(^urter ended December 31, 1864.
Total
$12,017,311
9,693,219
3,941,208
25,a51,738
Digitized by LjOOQIC
28
ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Summary statement showing the value of goods consumed at the port of Montreal
during the year 1864, with the names of the countries whence derivedt (com-
piled from official documents.)
Qoarten.
Great Bri-
tain.
BritiihN.
Ampr. eolo-
Bie«.
United
States.
Foreign.
Totd.
$6,706,645
6.126.826
2,032,616
$218,744
132.291
135.350
$2,952,735
2.324,506
1.365.953
$929,355
647,864
$10,807,479
9.231,489
4,391,949
Quarter ended September 30, 1864
Quarter ended December 31, 1864
Total
14, 866^067
486,385
6.643,196
a, 435, 249
24,430,917
Statement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels arrived at
the port of Montreal by sea during the yeSr 1864, (compiled from official
documents.)
Nationalitj.
British steam yessels ..
British sailing vessels . .
Foreign sailing vessels.
Uuitea States vessels. .,
Total.
No. vessels.
43
235
12
No. tons.
55,471
83.054
3,521
142,046
Statement shounng the number of vessels employed in inland navigation entered
at the port of Montreal during the year 1864, (compiled from
documents.)
Nationality.
Number.
British steam vessels..
Foreign steam vessels. .
British sailing vessels .
Foreign sailing vessels
Total
1,670
7
1,644
192
3,513
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BBITISH DOMINIONS.
29
Summary comparative statement shoudng the import trade of Montreal for the
years 1863 and 1864.
1863.
1864.
1864.
Increase.
Per cent.
ValM of free good« imported during the year
$13,047,884
5,794,001
$19,070,164
6, S61, 574
$6,022,280
787,573
46 1-6
13 3-5
18,841,885 1 25,651,738
6.809,853
36 1-7
Ta]Q« of goods paid duty ex-ihlp daring the jear
8; 204. 5/7
4,599,266
11,896,827
5,950,380
3, 692, 300
1.351,114
45
29*
12. 803, 793
17, 847, 207
5.043.414
39 7-12
Amoaot of duty on gnodt ez-»blp daring the year
AjBoaDtoTdnty on g<ood«ez-warehouin daring the year
1, 576, 074
1,412,546
2, 280, 897
1,683,094
704, 323
270.548
44»
19 1-7
Total amount of duties for the year
2, 988, 620 1 3, 963, 991
975,371
32f
Valne of good* plaeed in warehoaie
4.843.357
980,689
S83.661
7,173,337
1, 795, 4.'«
513.353
2,329.980
814. 746
229,692
48 I-IO
Valu> of gno4>> r<FXDaining in witn-hnnwi . , , ^ , . . , . r ^ , r
83 1-12
AsMNini of daty on good* In warehoaie
81
NOVBMBBR 2, 1865.
In 1864 the aggregate amount of free goods was $395,261. For the three
qnarten of 1865 thej reached the sum of $2,712,477. The amount of dutiable
grwdsfor the year 1864 was $627,814, and for the three quarters of 1865 reaches
llie large amount of $2,120,770. When it is recollected that the commercial con-
Balar di«(trict of this consulate general does not to any considerable extent *ex-
tend beyond tlie limits of the city of Montreal, this amount may be regarded
with some surprise ; the aggregate of both free and dutiable goods for 1864
being $1,023,025. and the amount for three quarters of 1865 $4,833,247, which
will be increased by this quarter to upwards of $6,000 000. The largest items,
it will be observed, are tea, which amounts for the three quarters of 1865 to
81,213,584, and Hour, which is nearly $1,000,000 more. I particularly desire to
call the attention of the department to these items, as they indicate one of the
principal results of the treaty of reciprocity, so called, and demonstrate beyond
a doubt the effect which the continuation of that treaty would have upon the
commercial interests of the United States. Under that treaty Canadian vessels
have free access to the porta on Lake Michigan, and land their cargoes at the
ports of Chicago and Milwaukie under the same restrictions only as apply to
American yeBs^els. These vessels bring back wheat, beef, pork, lard, and other
mircliaudise which will bear shipment to England. With the wheat many of the
miiU in Canada are stocked, and although flour manufactured from American
wheat cannot, under the regulations of the Treasury Department, go into the mar-
ketd of the United States free, much of the flour finds its way there under Canadian
hrands without the payment of duty, and the balance enters into consumption here,
while the flour from Canadian wheat is, almost without exception, sent to the United
States free under th*e reciprocity treaty. The beef, porK, lard, hams, &c., are
here reshipped in British vessels to Liverpool, and these vessels bring back for
their return cargoes tea and other East India goods ; and from this point they
are distributed to the west in Canadian vessels, to Boston via the Grand Trunk
road, to Portland, and thence to Boston, and to New York via Lake Champlain,
m Canadian vessels, to Whitehall, thus giving them a monopoly of the carrying
trade both ways, except from Portland to Boston and from Whitehall to New
^ork. The discrimination against American vessels passing through the Cana-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
30 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
dian canals has the effect, and was probably intended, to secure the carrying
trade to British vessels, while its profits would, with the treaty in force,
secure it to them permanently, and for all British goods, or goods of the East
India Company, Montreal would become, as it is now rapidly becoming, the
port of entry for the west, and even for New York and Boston. For when it
is considerea that in the month of Septembenalone tea to the amount of nearly
one million of dollans was exported from this city to the States, and the larger
proportion of it to New York and Boston, and this, too, with gold at an average
premium of forty -five per cent., we can easily anticipate the proportions it would
assume with gold at par under the present tariff rates in the United States.
The amount of Hour exported to the United States from Canada is very large,
and has greatly increased since the adoption of the internal revenue system by
the United States government, which gives an advantage to the Canadian over
the American miller of at least twenty per cent., as has been frequently admitted
to me by merchants engaged in the flour and commission business in thia prov-
ince, there being no direct tax of any kind imposed in these provinces. The
result is that the Canadians are fast becoming the manufacturers of our flour,
and thus depriving the government of a large amount of revenue now received
from taxes on mill machinery, income, &c. The same remark will apply to
lumber, which is the staple article of export from Lower Canada, under the
reciprocity treaty. It is utterly impossible for us to compete with the manufac
turer in Canada, who, without* being subjected to the same taxatiqp, has the
double advantage of cheaper labor. In anticipation of the abrogation of the
treaty vciy large shipments of lumber have been made from this province to
the States during the past four months, and large quantities are still going for-
ward. But three American vessels have reported to this consulate general during
the year, and but one of them was bound out.
I also respectfully ask your attention to the fact that, under the guise of free
goods, large amounts of dutiable goods are exported into the United States from
this province. This is paiticularly the case with raw furs and pickled salmon
from the Hudson Bay territories, large quantities of which are sold in this mar-
ket. The oath that the goods are the product of Canada is made in the usual
form, and it is not possible, in many cases, to prove the contrary. In addition
to this a large contraband trade is carried on by concealing dutiable goods in
flour, oats, barley, butter, eggs, and other free goods, many of which escape de-
tection, notwithstanding the vigilance of revenue officers. Smuggling is largely
earned on along the whole line of the frontier, and a much larger revenue force
han that now employed is required to prevent it.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
31
QmjMrafive statement showing the description and value of exports to th$
United States Jrom Montreal during the year 1864, and also during the first
three quarters of the year 1865, with aggregate of free and dutiable goods.
# ARTICLES FRER, 1864.
ARTICLES DUTIABLE, 1864.
Descrip^on.
Value.
Description.
Value.
Pot And D^Arl ashfis ....... ....
«16,042
12,936
108,726
257,5(r7
Liquora ............ .... ....
$23, 126
202,264
18,646
Wool
Iron ........... .... ........
Fure
Suirar ............
Sandries ..
Tea
101,305
282,473
Total free
395,211
Total dutiable
627,814
NINE MONTHS OP 18G5.
Oats
Barley
Pe«
Flaxseed
Flour, oat mesl, &c
Pot and pearl ashes .
Butter
Wool
Fuw
Sundries
Total free
Liquors
Iron
Spices
Tea
Sundries
Total dutiable
$14,981
166,100
12,491
1,218,584
698,614
2,110,770
Toronto — D. Thorton, Consul.
February 7, 1866.
I have the honor to report that * * * the condition of my consular dis-
trict has been, for the most part, one of unexampled prosperity. The failare of
the crops for several sacceseive years in the western province had impoverished
and dispirited the whole farming and mercantile interest, the effect of which was
to stimulate emigration to the United States of many of the beet citizens of
Canada.
Up to March, 1865, there was a complete stagnation of all kinds of business,
and failures were frequent. But on the opening of navigation and the termina-
tion of the rebellion, business revived ; and later, the prospects of a good crop
inspired hope and confidence, and the return current of prosperity set in. Large
quantities of dry goods, leather, drugs, groceries, in fact every description of
merchandise, found ready purchasers at largely remunerative prices ; and the
result of the harvest was so bounteous that more grain, flour, and lumber was
exported dnring the season of 1865 than in any like period for many previous*
years. • • • The revival of business, however, does not seem to have
diminished emigration from my district
The " homestead law ** has attracted some attention and inquiry, and I am
ittisfied that if it was published and circulated in the rural sections of this
province it would induce many to avail themselves of its benefits.
The amount of imports into and exports from Toronto during the year 1865,
u furnished to me by the collector of customs, is as ^ollov^^.j^g^ by V^OOQIC
32 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Imports for the half year ended June 30, 1865 $1, 305, 217
Imports for the half year ended December 31, 1865 3, 291, 643
4, 596, 860
Exports for the half year ended June 30, 1865 $4, 780, 065
Exports for the half jear ended December 31, 1865 2, 129, 019
6, 809, 084
The exports covered by certificates issued from this consulate amount to
nearly three millions of dollars, the greater portion of which has been shipped
to the United States. During the autumn the receipts of grain and flour were
very large, and almost the whole quantity of barley brought into this and the
neighboring markets was purchased by Americans and shipped to the United
States from this and the adjacent ports. More than the ordinary quantity of
lumber was exported from Toronto during the year. Usually, the amount ex-
ported has been fnim twenty-five to thirty millions of feet to all countries,
but this year the quantity shipped reaches sixty millions, including square tim*
ber, nearly thirty-five millions of which were sent to the United States.
The lumber on the shores of Lake Erie being nearly exhausted, uew sources
of supply became necessary to portions of New York and Pennsylvania, the
demands for certain kinds of lumber having increased in the oil region of the
latter State.
This year, also, the pork and beef packing business has greatly increased in
my district. Large quantities of pork and beef have been packed In Toronto
and Hamilton and exported to the English market, while dealers are purchas-
ing considerable quantities for the American markets.
The wool trade has been extensive, mostly on account of American manufac-
turers.
This year the demand for butter has been enormous, absorbing all that either
province has produced, and at prices varying from twenty to twenty-seven cents
per pound. Every other description of produce has commanded ready sale at
almost fabulous prices. The farmers of Canada have thus been enabled to pay
off large portions of their indebtedness, the merchants to purchase on more favor-
able terms, and the whole community have been inspired with new life and
enterprise.
I'he failure of the negotiation for the renewal of the reciprocity treaty has
caused no apparent curtailment of preparations for the next year's business.
The lumbermen, inspired by the presence of purchasers already appearing in
the lumber. region, are laying in large stocks of logs, and those who are manu-
facturing on their own account for the eastern markets have increased their
stocks. Pine already rules in advance of the prices at this season last year, and
the demand is considerably greater. Every merchant is shipping to the United
States every article he can before the expiration of the treaty, and every avail-
able means is resorted to to **get over" all the flour, grain, beef, pork, wool,
and other products before the 17 th day of March next.
There are many parties who talk of the increase of trade between Canada
and England as likely to yield the same if not larger returns than have been
realized by the exportation of the same articles to the United States. But the
difference between expectations and facts is shown by the results from ship-
ments of grain, flour, and other products to England during the past twenty
years. So little attention has been paid to this trade by the flour merchants
of late that most if not all the extra flour, and a lai^ portion of common brandsp
manufactured here, is sent to the United States.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
33
St.<Tohn'8 — G. T. Morehouse, Consul,
Stattment showing the description^ country of production, and value of exports
from Sl John* 8 (Canada) to the United States during the quarter ended Sep'
iember 30, 1865.
Description.
Fish
Hops
Butter
CatUe
Sheep
Sheep aod cattle. . .
Sheep and, horses ..
Cattle and hoTses . .
Fowls
Oate
Oats and lye
Oats and barley
Oats and peas
Peaa.....
Rje
Barlej
VTheat
FTonr
Wod
Conutry of
production.
Canada .
...do...
...do...
...do...
....do...
i do —
....do...
....do...
....do...
....do.
....do.
do.
do.
....do.
....do.
....do.
....do.
....do.
....do.
Value.
$1,087
1,107
16,869
1,688
1,096
1,355
4&5
3,830
900
99,247
3,125
6,664
4,465
5,399
12,358
88,046
31,098
6,740
5,981
Description.
Egjrs
Eggs, sheep, &c
Furniture
Flax.'
Grass-seed
Tow....^
Sole leather
Railroad ties. ..
Shooks ^
Horses . « ..
Timber
Lumber
Pig iron
Salt
Coal
Sundries
Total.
Country of
production.
Canada . .
do
....do....
...do...,
— do —
do....
...do....
...do....
— do —
do....
do
...do....
England .
...do....
...do....
Value.
$2,612
1,648
856
2,000
350
349
2,500
1,229
11,027
157,551
6,250
99
713,480
2,081
790
20,634
1,215,971
Phescott — Jambs Welded, Consul.
September 3, 1865.
Statement shotoing the value of imports from the United States at Prescottjbr
the three quarters ended September 30, 1865.
Value of imports for quarter ended March 31, 1865 $235, 862
Value of imports for quarter ended June 30, 1865 289, 683
Value of imports for quarter ended September 30, 1865 98, 207
623, 752
3 — c R
Digitized by
Google
34
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN- COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description, quantity/, and value of exports Jrom Prescott
to the United States for the nine months ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Quantitj.
Horses
Homed cattle
Sheep
Hogs
Butter lbs.;
Barley bush.i
Oats do..'
Corn do.-
Wbeat..' do..
Hides and skins. ..
Flour bbls.
Shorts lbs.
Furs skins.
Beef lbs.
Seeds, grass .bush.
Rags • bales.
Sundries
Peas bush.
Wood cords.
2,839
8,197
5,725
2,838
213,951
139, 167
57,944
10,000
38,944
43, 317
907
20, 000
2.3, 155
^463
^584
121
300
220
Value.
Description.
1174,380
244,997
15,063
23,654
80,786
51,304
24,466
7,500
.19,433
32, 48)
4,059
200
21,211
225
995
1,216
18,788
300
584
Flax and tow . tons .
Wool lbs.
Tobacco leaf, cases .
Stationery
Liquors pck^.
j Manufact'd goods. .
I Lumber feet.
! Rice lbs.
I Pork bbls.
Iron, cast lbs.
; ¥gg8 <ioz.
j Flax-seed. ..bush.
Hoops
Staves
Mica
Apples
Quantity. Value.
174,414
22
Total .
1,445,220
404
337
235,338
2,155
3,667
310,000
60,000
2,375
63
I
Sl2fl
70,314
42^
237
25
5,as8
16,853
2ii
7,10?*
13,7ai»
271
5,300
645
241
471
132
872, :«^'
Fort Erie — F. N. Blake, Consvl.
July 5, 1865.
* * * The great amount of ghipping of goods from Canada to the United
States is carried forward at this point 07 the crossing of the Grand Trunk rail-
road and the ordinary travel over the several ferries, &c.
DecBiMber 31, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit herewith my first annual reporj; of commercial in-
formation for this consular district, as required by Congress, for the year ending
December 31, 1865. ******
The entire number of invoices of merchandise authenticated by me during the
present year, commencing on the 2Sth of March, the date of the first certificate
issued, is. 4,538, amounting in value, in Canada funds, or gold, to the sum of
$2,500,000 in round numbers. *****
Digitized by
Google
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
35
Comparative itatanent showing t/ie value of the exports of the domestic j^roduce
and manufactures, and the imports entered for consumption^ together with the
amount of duties collected at each port within the consular district of Fort
Erie during the years 1S61, 1862, and 1863, and for Fort Erie the years
1864 and 1865, ended September 30.
•
Exports.
1861.
•
Exports.
1862.
Imports.
Imports. 1
Duties.
Duties.
F.irt Effe
$698, 019
6,134
2,400
151,063
379, 844
176,282
175, 612
128,223
131, 637
$138,809 '
24, 427
7,516 1
29,973
205 577
37,025
6,788
11, 889
65,038 ^
$12,925
1,925
45
1,942
28,985
4,292
811
1,469
3,570
$trr3. 685
11,229
2,903
202,300
324, 058
130, 640
235,106 1
133.314 1
153, 176
$132,680
19, 769
6,368
31,967
155, 766
49,108
16, 070
18,217
77,200
$9,938
1,589
48
OribDni
Haitland
DnoiiTiUe
1,759
Bnmtford
20,344
DoTer -
2,389
Rofran
984
Barweil
1,140
Stanley •...
2,388
Total
1,849,234
527,042 .
•1,866,411
507, 145
1863.
1864.
Imports.
Exports.
1
Imports. 1
Dntleft.
Exports.
Duties.
Fort Erie (a)
$385,329
14,298
1,184
196,416
345, 906
237,2:J5
179, 461
167.198
294,231
1
$124,356 1
13,171 '
14,481 !
32,011
141.608
42,817
24,679 :
11,818
46,968 1
$8,758
l,0(i5
256
1,257
19. 062
6,086
873
902
1,134
$357, 998
*83,226
*46, 816
*58, 4.39
*45,230
*74, 192
*68, 275
*54, 778
$183,232
•9,642
*14, 278
*79, 705
*13, 125
*9,024
*5, 044
*4, 141
$9 383
Colbarn
* 1,01*9
Maitlaod
*362
DannvUle
*9,373
Brantford
•3,689
DOTCT -
^514
ROWAB . .........
*537
Bnnrell .
*360
hitaalrr
1
Total
1 1,821,258
1
451,909 |.
1
1
(c)Fort Erie, for the year ended September 30, 1865, as follows: exports, $721,264; imports, $166,119
duties. $13^%.
*Six monttui ended June 30, 1864.
PicTou, Nova Scotia — B. H. Norton, Consul,
October 25, 1865.
I have the honor herewith of presenting my annual report of commercial op-
erations within the limits of this consular jurisdiction, together with a brief
sketch of the numerous discoveries of new beds of coal in various portions of
this province. Since my last report a number of rich beds of coal have been
discovered, some of which are now being partially worked. The island of Cape
Breton in this province is one vast coal-field, and gives employment to a
large amount of Americau capital, which will yield a handsome income on the
outlay. The following statistics relating to tlie different mines will be perused
with much interest, giving as they do an idea of the immense trade carried on
with the United States in this one article of export :
Lingan mines, C. B., employ 195 men and boys. Shipments for the year
ended September 30, 1865, were 57,000 tons, of which 66,000 tOBS were sent to
the United States, valued at 8127,000 in Nova Scotia currency; value of im-
ports from the United States wasSl,700; amount of tonnage employed, 19,800.
Little Glace Bay mine, C. B.. employs 300 men and boys. Shipments of
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
36 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
coal to the United States for the year ended September 30, 1865, amounted to
90,000 tons, valued in Nova Scotia currency at $225,000 ; value of imports from
the United State?, $3,000, employing 13,500 tons.
International Mining Company, G. B., employ 70 men and boys. Thirteen
thousand tons of coal, valued in Nova Scotia currency at $23,000, were shipped
to the United States ; imports from the latter amounted to $1,000 ; amount of
tonnage employed, 4,000.
Block House mine, (Cow bay,][G. B., employs 530 laborers. Amount of ship*
ments for the quarter ended 30th of September, 1865, were $165,000 ; the im-
ports amounted to $6,000.
Gowrie mine, (Cow bay,) G. B., employs 320 laborers. Value of exports and
imports not returned.
Acadia coal mines, Pictou. These mines are located about eight miles from
this porty The company have obtained an act of incorporation from the Nova
Scotia legislature with a capital of $1,000,000. In the report of the able mining
engineer it would appear that the probable aggregate quantity of coal in two of
the tracts will amount to 36,000,000 tons, which would be equal to the prodac-
tion of about 1,000 tons per day for 150 years. * * * Three thousand six
hundred and eight tons of coal were shipped daring the quarter ended Septem-
ber 30, 1865. This quantity was mined and brought to* the surface without the
aid of machinery.
The Albion Mining Gompany is the oldest in this province. An immense
business has been done by it with the United States, most of the coal being shipped
to ports in the northern States ; 156,557 tons were raised, of which 122,720 tons
were shipped to the United States ; 131,629 days' labor were performed by men
and boys, and 15,300 by horses.
NOVA SCOTK GOLD-PIBLDS.
Gomparative statement showing the total yield in the various gold districts of
Nova Scotia during the several quarters of the year ended September 30, 1865,
and the corresponding quarters of 1863-'64 :
oz. pwi. gre.
Quarter ended December 31, 1864 5, 497 9 5
Quarter ended March 31, 1865 5, 102 11 8
Quarter ended June 30, 1865 7, 838 19
Quarter ended September 30, 1805 6, 468 6 9
Total 24,907 5 22
Corresponding quarters of 1863-'64.
oz. pwt. grs.
Quarter ended December 31, 1863 4, 178 14 3
Quarter ended March 31, 1864 4, 010 17 4
Quarter ended June 30, 1864 5, 159 8 s
Quarter ended September 30, 1864 5, 395 2 21
Total 18,744 2 12
I am indebted to an American citizen, an accomplished and scientific engineer
and constructor of marine railways in this province, for the very interesting
statements in relation to them. He remarks i
''In Dartmouth (Halifax harbor) there are three: one of 1,500, one of 600,
and one of 200 tons capacity. The whole cost was about SS0,000 ; the average
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS
37
naniber of vessels taken up yearly is about 360 of ajl classes. In Pictou there
are two : one of 1,000 and one of 800 tons capacity, costing about $45,000.
The average number of vessels taken up will be about 175 of all classes.
"At Ship Harbor (Strait of Oanso) there is one of 1,000 tons capacity, and
one in course of construction of 200 tons. Both will cost about $45,000. The
aTerage number of vessels taken up will be about 250, being mostly American
fishermeD."
There are also in course of construction at North Sydney, Cape Breton, one
of 1,000, and one with double pradle of 250 tons each, the entire cost of which
will be about $50,000.
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of the exports to the
United States from 'Pictou in British and foreign vessels during the year
ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Coal tons.
(iriodstones pieces .
Iron — machiuerj pieces.
Iron— scrap lbs.
Wool lbs.
Jnnk packages.
Total.
BRITISH
Quantity.
VESSELS.
Value.
FOREIGN VESSELS.
Quantity.
Value.
148,720
775
697
1,900
7,962
20
$371,796
3,010
6,000
340
1,949
450
16,806 1
$41,015
1
1
383,545
1
41,015
I
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of the imports at Pictou
from the United States during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Articles imported.
A*lie*, pot lbs.
Agricaltaral implements pes.
Bread, fine .lbs.
Bnniiiig fluid galls..
Candles lbs..
Cbe«se do.
Coffee, ground do.
Cordage do.
Cotton and linen manufactures pckgs. .
(-arriages and sleighs no. -
Clocks pckgs..
l^ffs do...
Dyestuffs bbls..
Flour, wheat do..
meal do...
Fmit, green do..
raisins lbs..
Kvmitvre pckgs..
OiacKware do.
Hats and caps .' do.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
antitj.
Value.
195
$66
3,470
2,923
1,536
167
174
143
116
25
1,598
253
1,048
180
415
36
135
2,103
23
883
143
350
85
766
278
1,041
3,837
18,217
67
268
319
586
247
125
1,545
6,451
122
1,703
28
1,013
38 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement — Continued.
Articles imported.
Hardware pckgs.
Hides no.
Iron and ironmongery
India rubber manafactures pckgs .
Leather do.
Lime bbls.
Marble pes.
Molasses galls .
Nuts ^
Naval stores bbls-
Oil, coal galls.
linseed do..
Printed books and papers pckgs.
Paints and putty ^ do. .
Spirits galls .
Sugar, raw lbs.
refined do.
Soap do.
Tobacco, leaf do.
manufactured ^ do.
Tea do.
Woollen and silk manufactures pckgs .
Miscellaneous
Total.
Quantity.
901
1,087
12
83
2, 320
51
375
16
188
6,229
1,775
74
53
197
1,948
2,141
240
57,125
e79
1,939
2
Value.
$8,697
4,4.'l8
1,2S5
603
4,8116
1,758
277
129
57
479
3,112
2,250
1,734
257
181
156
280
19
2,718
X^7
759
46
1,385
73,062
Summary statement ihowingthe total value of the imports into and exports from
Pictottt during the year ended September 30, lS65tJrom and to all countries.
VALUB OF IMPORTS.
From United Kingdom S130, 721 00
From United States 73, 062 00
From Canada 124»^97 00
From Newfoundland 6, 253 00
From New Brunswick 12, 056 00
From Prince Edward Island 21, 8^5 00
Total 368, 494 00
VALUB OP EXPORTS.
To United Kingdom $6. 747 00
To United States 424. 560 00
To Canada 12, 282 00
To Newfoundland 6, 524 00
To New Brunswick 5, 335 00
To Prince Edward Island 29, 976 00
To Foreign West Indies 4. 650 00
Total 490, 074 00
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
39
Statement shoicing ike number and tonnage'of British and foreign vesseUt with
cargoes and in haliast, arrived at and departed from Piciou during the year
eitded September 30, 1865.
ARRIVALS.
WITH CARGOES.
I
IN BALLAST.
1
Countries. British.
1-
Forei^u. 1 British.
Foreign.
1 No.
1
Tons.
No.
Tons. No.
Tons.
i
No. 1 Tons.
!
1
Whence: 1
rnitedKin^om 3
I'Dited States i 123
rnn^]fK 1 51
1,655
27,696
5,954
3,063
375
28, 103
1
174 146
! 4
27,088
J 38
425
1,016
14,867
1,022
22 j 3,875
Xew Brunswick 1 65
1 6
1
N^^fonndland ., 5
1 8
1
Prince Edward Island . . J 91
1 232
1
Other a>antries. i
j 3
1
1
1
DEPARTURES.
Where to :
Tnited Kingdom
I'nited States
Canada
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island
Xewfoondland
Foreign West Indies. .
2
832
486
90,034
34
3,800
59
4,398
190
10,605
1
94
3
1,096
58 13,499
9
99
2,925
783
27,917
224
St. John's. N. F. — 0. 0. Leach, Consul,
Omparative statement showing the description and quantities of the imports at
the port of Si. John's, N. F,, from January 1 to December Z\ of the years
1860, 1861, 1862, 1863 and 1864.
I 1660.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
24,637
14,986
197,755
150,137
4,469
950
24,423
17,014
1,.363
1,488
15,732
12,070
730
1,177
6,294
8.430
^,664
16,293
942
1,280
326,786
264,147
353,817
365,216
9,441
10,278
5,673
4,703
21,351
14,365
39,986
28,663
3,442
2,504
34.178
28,103
36,909
42,699
2,941
1,528
2,930
2,426
4,022
3,360
Bfrwd cwA.J
Fkmr barreli..]
Cora meal do '
Pofk do....|
B-ef,
Batter..,
Ram
Moltaet
MoiA
Coffee
do.
cwti.J
puns.,
do
CWtfl..
do....
MttafiMtiired tobaceo pounds..
Tfa do....
"^ bOXM..
C»»fie« do....
Wi ton«..;
^^ do....L
Htebandtar barreb..*
Potaioei do I
* *«« bushels . .
JJ'iwittd plank... M. '
< >ini nd eowt number . . ^
^i«^ do.... I
41,998
124, 915
3,014
20,6TO
2,502
15,578
1,382
7,284
11,920
7,904
376, 691
375,056
15,524
9,799
40,703
29,489
3,425
41,410
74, 419
4. ,557
3,351
3,89L
31,766
144, 918
4,210
23,745
1,367
16, 415
942
6,939
24,458
1,755
129,642
413, 257
14, 115
7,394
24.641
30,854
2,783
20,856
46,238
3,741
3,165
4,454
22,6^
174,396
7,300
24,581
1,.'J84
10,529
663
9,448
21,537
890
229,087
411,306
9,690
5,207
18,816
28,878
2,585
20,629
40,038
2.922
2,496
3,755
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
40
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing (he desrrijyticm and quantities of the exports
from St, John's, N, F., from January 1 to December 31 of the years 1860,
1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864, together witMhe names of the countries tchither
shipped.
1861.
Qaintalti of dried codfish
Portugal
Spain
Italy
^ Britiib Wert Indie*
Unizili
British America
England
Scotland
Ireland
United States
Other parts
Tuns of seal oil—
Ignited Kingdom
United States
Tuns of cod oil-
United Kingdom
United States
Seal-skins—
United Kingdom
United States
Salmon tierces . .
Mackerel and herring barrels. .
Rum puns..
Molasses do...
Sngar cwts . .
Bread and flour barrels. .
Salt tons..
100,933
188,797
34,644
90,624
187,316
2,133
14,081
15,466
21,2j6 '
17,936
68,374
3,179
472
1,906 I
878 I
244,454
2,355
24,361
174
1,079
2,518
727
265
79.634
162, 274
17.100
83. 462
165,359
1,770
13,066
6,914
11,086
4.160
62, 7."i2
3,404
lOL
1,780
262
263,549
1.547
21,750
40
700
8,639
1,110
I
114.9^1 '
lt7. WiJ?
18.840
61,712
172.613
2,288 1.
3.358 I
984 '
9.933 I
4, 7i»9
56,457 .
2,139
1, 466 ;
142,623
1,000 .
2, 210
11,195
82. 484
244. 270
3.000
57, 323
143.006
1.721
3.344
2,616
8.390
18.750
2,814
2.5
1,871
177
209,658 I
" 2," 906' I
32, 866 I
1.533 I
11,010 I
468
522 '
189
3. 375
7,707
80
1864.
103,136
17.^ ^^
18, H.\)
71."='*t;
11.368
4,IX)1
14.22»)
4.750
42, .J 13
1.219
33
i.nio
117
9<\ •='<>1
100
1,460
9.551
436
6. ^2.5
3,420
St. John's, N. B— -James Q. Howard, Consul,
October 12, 1865.
• • • I may remark that the exports to the United States for the year
1865 will greatly exceed those of 1864. This is attributahle to the fact that
merchants, in anticipation of the termination of the reciprocity treaty in March,
1866| are sending forward to the American market lumber and all descriptions
of wooden ware, which, probably, will be liable to duty after the opening of navi-
gation in the spring. • • •
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BBITISH DOMINIONS.
41
SlatemefU showing the total value in dollars of the imports and exports of the
prprince of Neiv Brunswirk from and to each country in the year ended De-
cember :M, 1864.
Countries.
Imports.
United Kingdom
Jersey ,
(Jibraltar
Melbourne
CanadA
Nova Scotia I
Prince Edward ;
liiland
Newibiindland . - .
Barbadoes ,
Jamaica
>aint Kitls |
Itcrmada
Na.<san
Turk'* Island ,
Saint Vincent . ..'
France |
Spain ,
Portuj?al
N'l-tbcrlands
$3,598,1*2
18,5^
245,020
1,360,342
112,728
11,872
9,779
1,371
150
4,497
530
1,526
924
03,226
598
2,570
9,536
Exports.
II
$2,732,7.33
3, 870
5,028
60, 044
556, 924
85,261
7,467
43,338
8,(>40
969
5,695
42,740
7,490
8,826
1,003
Countries.
Italy
Teneriffe
United States...
Mexico
Suridkm
Cuba and Porto
Rico
Hayti
Saint Thomas , . .
Saint Pierre Mi-
quelon
Saidt Martin's . .
Martinique
Gaadaloupe .. ..
Valparaiso
Montevideo
Total....
Sterling .
Imports. I Exports.
83,316,824 I
2,595 ,
178, 302
5,:W2
$11,737
3,a54
1,266,148
6, 425
2,580
158,424
1,613
2, 803
68
886
3,4^1
8,945,352
£1,863,615
3,665
6,999
16, 122
5,053,879
£1,052,891
Statement showing the value in sterling of the imports and exports of the prov-
ince of New Brunswick from and to the United States during the last fifteen
l/earSf viz,, between the years 1850 and I86i,^nclusive,
Years.
Imports.
- ■%
£262,148
■
Exports.
Years.
Imports.
Exports.
I-^oti
1
■^77.400 ,
1858
1859
£564,245 i
675,095 1
688,217 1
628, 070 .
616,814 1
739,663 '
691,005 1
£163,702
i-:d
330,835 83,028 '
:»3,210 83,792 1
574,070 I 1*21 ftM i
236,014
K>2
I860 :
248, 378
i-:^j
1861
175,654
185, 295
X4
711,234
782,762
714,515
628,510
97,930
123, 127 1
173,485 '
1862
1^M
1863
259, .357
]-.V>
1864
263,781
K)7
A return showing tJie value in ste) ling of the imports and exports of the province
ofXiw Brunswick from and to all countries during the last fifteen years, viz.
httteten the years 1850 and 1864, inclusive.
Years.
Imports.
Exports.
Years.
Imports.
Exports.
\^\
£815,531
£658,018 ,
ia=>8
£1,162,771
£810,779
K)]
980.300
772,024
1859
1,416,034
1,073,422
K»2
1,110,601
796, :«5
1860
1,446,740
916,372
i-:.'j
1,716,108
1,072,491 ,
1861
1,238,133
947,091
K>4
2,068,773
1,104,215
1862
1,291,604
803,445
!•*>
1,431,330 1
8-26, 381
1863
1,595,513
1,029,329
K)6
1,521.178
1,073. :J51
1864
1,863,615
1,052,891
K)7
1,418,943
917,775
Jigitized by VjUU^ It^
42
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing tJie total value in dollars of the imports and exports of the
province of New Brunswick, at each of the jM>rts, in the year ended December
31, 1864.
Ports.
I
Imports.
Saint John
Dalhonsie
Batharst
Campbelton
Caraquet
Shippegan
Newcastle
Chatham
Kichibucto
Buctouche
Shediac :...
Bay Verto
North Jogj^ns...
Sackville
$0,921,939
75,372
143,446
16,356
39,228
20, 820
382,652
304,845
76,101
862
126,787
1,240
221
31,332
Exports.
$2,970,247
102,967
99,7:12
2,876
5^115
45,291
164,057
198,429
168, 080
53,446
174,721
7,031
11,305
.Porta.
I
Imports. I Exports.
Dorchester I
Moncton -•. i
Hillsborough |
Harvey ,
Saint George |
Saint Stephen... I
Saint Andrews..
West Isles
Frcdericton ]
Woodstock '
$15,032
94,833
10,200
3,323
38,414
206,960
297,970
52,568
84,851
$12,296
10, 87a
180,928
5,77J
144,561
125,114
241, 3S1
40,615
133,715
108, 32?^
Total.
r
8,945,352 I
5, 053, 879
Sterling '£1,863,615 | £1,052,891
Abstract statement showing the total number and tonnage of vessels registered
in the province of New Brunswick on the 3lst of December in each year from
1854 to 1864 inclusive.
Year.
J^o.
Tonnage.
1 Year. ' No.
1 1
Tonnage
1854
878
866
892
857
812
811
141,454
138,292
164,226
160,508
139,095
134,055
1
I860 825
i47.0fi:r
1855
1861 813 158,240
' 1862 1 814 157,718
1856
1857
1863 ' 891 211,680
1858
1664 ' 958 233,225
1859
1 ' j
Statement showing the descriptiont quantity, and total value of imports from
the United States and all other countries into New Brunswick during the
year 1864.
Deacriptioii.
Axes tons
Ale and porter gals
ADimals— horses
Cattle ,
Calvea
8heep and Iambs ,
Swijie
Asheg — pot and pearl bbls
Saleratus pkgs
Apothecary goodn pkgB
Where flrom.
United Stateti.
Canada
Untted States
All other countries.
United States
British provinces. .
British provinces.
United States
Nova Scotia
Orent Britain and provinces.
British provinces
United States
United States
British provinces.
United States
United 8t«tes
Great Britain and possessions.
Qaantlty.
3.566
49, 210
713
25
370
12
364
Total.
52,796
59
738
118
6,359
56
382
120
,035
Valne.
$1,411
28, SOT*
4,^30
27.938
2:i6
12, 870
Digitized by V^OOQlC
186
2,330
397
-.207
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 43
Statement showing the description, quantity, fyi, — Continued.
D«icripiioD.
Where from.
ApiUbecuy ei>odi pl^ga-
A^caltorml implementt and parts of. . .pkg«.
EoT'.tfT aad cheese pkgs.
r^n>t» aad Bhoe^ pkg«
Rr . k^ for bnUding
Bru'b*:-* ^ pkg«.
r.'sd pkgs.
r^«'W*— printed pkgs-
Blank pkga.
Eruis#ndpea0 bush.
Dtrl^y— pot and pearl bbls.
Br&n and other feed tons.
BaraiBg floid pkg»,
£<h»! webbing and aboe-thread pkgs .
C^dlet— except ppenn and wax . . *. Ibg .
Sperm and wax lbs.
Cotwn warp pkgs.
Great Britain and poHseeaions ,
United States
United State*
Great Britain and possessions .
British possessions .
United States
United States
Great Britain and possessions
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
.bbls.
.gals
Coffrt lbs.
CasTM : yards.
C«»rdage coils.
Copper and patent netals in all forms . . .cwt.
Chain and parts of pkg«.
Cktks and materials pk gs .
CuTisfei and other vehicles pkgs.
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
G reat Britain and possessions .
United States
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain and possessions.
United States
United States
British possetisions .
British possessions .
United States
United States
United States
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Mexico
United States
British pottitessions .
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
United States
Great Britain and countries
other than the U. S.
United States
Great Britain and possessions.
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
United States...
Other countries .
Canada
United States.
t United States.
; Nova Scotia . .
Crtrn,
^'«i4ast
• pkgs.
...lbs.
..tons.
t
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
t'VwtMl
< "f 'A batting .
.pkgs.
United States
United States
I United States
, Great Britain and possessions.
; Nova Scotia
Great Britain
' United States
Quantity.
1,215
2,17t
2,618
242
499,380
780
2,749
242
lti9.380
43,200
144
103
525
849
1,536
202
35
4.28S
601
730
128
16,342
12,165
931
540
72
162
1,113
3,377
35,313
125^104
56,226
555.498
14,954
1,132
811
5,518
19
2,452
241
• 8
11
605
3,164
14
1,726
Total.
3,490
2,860
5C0,160
2.991
212,580
247
1,374
1,738
44
4,884
858
705
78
92
28,507
1,471
234
592
4,490
160, 417
611,724
16,066
6,329
2,471
249
616
33J
36
31.262
100
1,740
Value.
$55,294
14,096
105,725
80, 475
1,782
C, 913
4,368
47,271
1,215
10,773
4,580
17,668
1.772
15, 404
2,99|p
367
48,863
2,464
22,764
158,105
251, 896
125,639
4,344
3,232
116, (fes
6,030
142
102, 974
50
7,668
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
44 ANNNAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
Statement shmcing the descripfion, quantity, ifc. — Continued.
Deacription.
Where from.
CottoD wool bales. .
Cotton waste bales.
Confectionery pkgs .
Corks pkgu.
Chalk and whiting pkg«-
Nova Scotia . .
United 8tat4rii.
United States
United Stated
British possesitions .
United States
Countries other than the U. S
Great Britain and possessions ■ I
United States 1
Quantity. Total. | Value.
5
132
57
302
57
314
Cranberries bbls .
Cement bbls .
Dnlzo cwt.
Dyestuffs pkgs .
Eggs dozen .
Eart hen ware pkffs .
United States |
Great Britain Si Nova Scotia. i 109
United States 1 ^3,199
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia 22
Great Britain and possessions. 1, 601
Great Britain and possessions . {
United States ■
125, 216
849
United States
I G reat Britain and possessions .
Fruit dried, {not product of the U. S.) ...lbs.
G reat Britain and possessions
France
United States
Product of the U. S. and Nova Scotia. lbs.'
Fruit— oranges and lemons. . .
I
...boxes.
I
Apples and pears bbls.
• Plums boxes . i
Cherries boxes . <
Felt and silk plush for liatters .: pkgs ■ |
United States
British possessions . . .
United States
Brititih possessions . . .
Cuba and Porto lUco.
•
British possessions —
United States
British possessions
Nova Scotia
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
446
1,940
112, 023
521
182,996
889
157
3.354
7
1
19,762
5.026
207
I 1, 141
Flour— wheat bbls.
United States
British possessions .
Buckwheat bags . |
Furniture, (for sale) pl^g8-j
Feathers pkff^-!
I
I
Fire bricks and tiles pkgs.
I
Fire clay pkgs. j
I
Fish— suited and dried cwt.
j
Wet bbls.!
I
Smoked a boxes.'
i
Fish and lobsters, fresh and preserved, .boxes.:
Fish — sardines V^&^'\
Grain— wheat bush . !
Indian com bush . ,
United States
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
British possessions .
United States
United States.
Great Britain .
Great Britain.
United States.
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
British ponsessions .
United States
United States.,
Nova Scotia . .
Nova Scotia . -
United States.
France
British possessions .
United States
United States.
Canada
222.402
34,594
6,893
144
56
921
13,558
15.534
282
452
15,860
397
46
36
20,563
137 '
15
3c9^
i
371 I
26
9
3,308
ICO
1,623 !
126,065 ,
2,386
295,540 ,
1,046 I
I
3,362 •
24,788
414 !
1,140
I
1,348 ,
$50,713
7yi
3, i'tlO
3. iHk;
yi
10. 0i?7
13, f:?-,'
47. 748
20, .W
14.220
9,810
42, KM
1, 6.V)
456
6,38»>
256,996
234
7,a77
I
61
1
67
1
24
I
14,479 j
15, 816 I
16,312
1, 131». P8<)
20. 172
545
2,0^
57
43,9i»2
48,770
G.531
443
10
96 '
i
20,598 ,
651
167
112
r.393
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
Statement shotcing the description^ quantity, ^. — Gontinned.
45
Description.
Gr.uB— barley bnKb .
0«U bush.
(;:a*-ware pkg».
(•Ltf«(4. looking..! P^gs
Ctrpgam tons.
r.anpowder pltps.
< taaao bags.
Groeerfes, (not enumerated) pkgs
Hid^ except prodnct of U. S pkgs
Ptodnct of U. S. and British poss'ns
Hai< and hat bodies pkgs
Ursp. flax, tow, and manilla hemp bales
Prodnct of United States bales .
Hop* pkgs
Hab^rdMbery pkg«
Hardware pkgs.
H&j'a&dBkoss pkgs.
Hi7 !.. tons.
Isdia-rabber goods, except boots St shoes . pkgs .
iroa— aaebors, cables and other chains.. pkgs.
Bolts, bars, plaUs» sheets, old, and rail-
road iron cwt
Nails and spikes pkgs.
Wrought and cast, of all other kinds . . cwt .
Castings, stoves, grates, ranges, boilers,
fnraaoes, and parts of same pkgs.
Rg..
Ore.
.tons,
.tons.
>w«|
'»<|J7. iflTer plate, plated ware, and
'"^cbw .DklfS
pkgs.
pkgs
.ibs..
Where from.
British possessions
United States
21,497
385
United Stiles
2,713
9,437
Great Britain
18
United States
79
Nova Scotia ---.
Great Britain
30
United States
147
United States
3,291
X)ther countries
7,389
71
Great Britain
15
United States
19
United States
5,128
1,144
United States.
117
701
United States
985
219
Great Britain
United States
United States
United States
3,179
3
5,994
Mexico
United States
4,557
8,275
United States
116
5
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
54
491
British possessions
Great Britain
1
2
139
Nova Scotia
United States
United States
41
1.880
United States
249,061
722
aoo
Mexico
United States
1,732
7,569
United States
844
1.644
United States
1,430
407
Nova Scotia
57
622
United States
United States
87
61
United States
2
37
Grvat Britain and posMcimionfl .
GreatBritain andpo«seii(<iions.
Unitfd States
12,974
172.463
Quantity. , Total.
21,882
79,669
12,150
97
312
1,442
177
10, 751
34
6,272
818
1,204
323
145
9,176
12,832
121
545
142
1,921
2S0.0Q3
9,301
2.488
1,837
2,985
148
39
-I 185,437
Value.
117,464
29,869
39,587
1,286
665
4,975
843
74.453
5,312
37,118
39,443
26,068
16,603
4,372
2,281,097
239,897
1,490
6.534
8,677
169, 475
503, 496
39.432
13,361
11,978
47,561
9,541
43,660
5,032
47. 183
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
46 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement sJiowing the description^ quantity ^ 4^. — Continued.
DescripUoD.
Lcnther— ftbecpgkinf, tanned and drefwd . .no
Calfskins, tanned no
Manufactures pkga
Lines and twine pkgs
• Lime bbis
Lead c wt
Lard lbs
Marble, manufactured pkgs .
Un wrought pkgs .
Meato, salted, cured, or smoked Ibii .
Fresh, and poultry .
31 oliisses
..lbs
.gal-
Melado bbls
31usical instruments, viz : IManos pkgs
Of all other kinds pkgs .
Meal, com. and rye flour bbls
Oats and peas bbls
Machinery bbls
Nuts and almonds pkgs.
Naval stores, iuclud'g pitch, tar, and rokin . bbls .
Oakum cwt
Oil. palm lbs
Flih bbls
Of all other kinds, and vamiKb gnls
Coal and petroleum bbls.
Oy-t«n« bbls
Paper, sheathing pkgs
Where trova.
Quantity.
Total.
6,209
3,637
365
431
387
1,038
93.165
183
1,025
2,059.131
14,900
1, 116, 608
219
137
122
13,213
2,756
912
1.089
3,114
1
7,101
9.171
765 .
69, 751
2. 5:}?
Value.
I'nited States
1.883
4,126
Qreat Britain and possessions .
$3.1W
G«at Britain and possessions.
United States
2,696
941
T.-i.!!
United States
209
156
3«. kV.
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
335
96
United States
355
32
Canada
-u
United State%.
1,009
29
-
5. Tjv;
Oreat Britain and possessions .
United States
14,562
78,603
\\,\^\
United States
1T7
6
Great Britain
l.fii»7
5 '*.V>
United States
United States
1,599,845
460.086
Great Britain and possessions .
157. lr'5
British possessiops
13,180
1,720
197,182
401,828
511,510
1,762
4,326
United States
United States
1. :•-
British poKsessicns
Cuba and Porto Hico
Mexico
Martinique
1j Mf'
United States
ITnited States
132
5
17. 4>
Nova Scotia
4
118
United States
" I-
British possessions
496
12, 717
United States
41. 'UT
United States
l.OOT
1, 749
Great Britain and possessions .
13. N-.
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
15
897
•"»'» i>5^
Great Britain and possessions .
France
255
252
582
United States
8.07^
United States
1,476
1,638
Great Britain and possessions .
17. 4«U
United States
412
6,689
41. ■!!>.»
Great Britain
35
9,136
United States
• i^^I
United States
280
485
Great Britain and poHSl>s^ious
Iron
United States
31,536
38,215
Great Britoiu and possessions ■
\t\ ' 'X\
British possessions
22
2,515
United States
V 771
Prince Edward Island
United States
1,3.^
428
1 -.*ij
Great Britiiin and Cuvada. . .,
United Stnk's
Digitized by
93
1,405
1,498
Google
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
Statement showing the description, quantity, i^. — Continued.
47
Description.
Pap4— pilatuig pkgs.
Where from.
Quantity.
United States
Great Britain & Nova Scotia.
MaDafactore*. except printed bookn.pkgs. ' United 8tate«
Great Britain and posflestiiong .
Pnatioc preaies, types, and inlc pkgi .
Nova Scotia . .
United States.
Great Britain and poftsessioni) .
United States
P.-.torvs, inelnding paintings and plates . pkgs . Great Britain and possessions .
United States
pfcint ami pntt jr cwt. United States
P.pt«. tobacco pkgs .
Prrfmnery pl^gs-
Pu: belaud skins pkgs.
Rlct * pkgs-
"^•ap lbs.
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
^piriu, alcohol gals. United States
Great Britain and posseseions .
Great Britain and possessions.
France
United States
Brandy gals.
Gin and whiskey gals. United St<ites.
Netherlands
Great Britain and itoxsessions .
Lnnon sinip. shrub, iaute. and other '
cordials gals. United States
British possessions
Old Tom, and all other cordials gals. | France
United States
, Great Britain and possessions .
British spirits and tinctnres gals . i Great Britain
United States •.
Ram and all other spirits gals.' United States
' Great Britain and possessions.
Wines gals. I United States
France
Portugal
< Great Britain and possess-ions.
861
110
1,225
505
2
136
299
5.6-28
1,594
29
60
1,848
69,551
28,589
113,841
U, 981
44, 019
963
24,768
7,320
161, 136
554
538
.1
31
27
4,905
"to
152
20,594
66,105
Wines.
0 4,358
6,049
800
20,315
.gals. G reat Britain and possesulons. 9,931
, France t j 315
United States ' 1,016
Wtoes gala.. United States
I France ,
I Great Britain and possessions . |
11
152
5,104
Mi2ar— refioed or white, bantaM and candy, "
W't ia loaves lbs. Great Britain and pos^Bthsions. i 352, 06o
' United States • ' 150, 995
Total. Value.
971
1
$10,811
1,730 ;
• 19, 332
138 !
2,606
46
1,789
5,927
1
36,713
1,623
2,461
91
4,081
46
1
2,153
1,908 '
10.997^
98, 140
5,170
125,822 1
76,449
73,606
193,224
586
31, 522
11,263
Brown, clayed muscovado, and other I
kinds, not refined ".lbs.' United Stntea 430,816 I
Cuba and Porto Rico 1, 1'iA, 59i> I
, St. Mitrtin's ' 1,'J20 I
I Britisli possessions 1, 529, 432 ,
94,659
92, 801
,086
4,963 1
3,715
224 ,
23i
86,699 i
42,439
22,034
15,516
12,605
<*«4s.
.pkgs. UnitiMl StatPB
' Great Britain and posnecHlous .
1,227
200
- 3, 6t<>J, (.»66 I -222, ('•86
l,4i7
2,260
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
d8 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.*
>
Statement shoioing the description, quaniiti/, ^r. — Continued.
Description.
Salt of all kind! ton*.
Where from.
Great Britain and posseisions
Spain ,
Portugal
United States
Sbrubs, trees, and plants pkg«|
I
Sails and rigging for new ships phgx. ^
Sails, rigging, and wrecked materials. . .pkgii. '
Sand tons . (
Straw pkgs
Stationery .' pkgs
Great Britain and possessions.
United States
Uniteu States.
Great Britain.
Nova Scotia . . .
Nova Scotia . . .
United States.
Stones, burr, and grindstones ton:9 .
Slates ti tons.
Stone and slate manafaiftures pkgs.
# Skins, nndresscd pkgs.
Steel, bar and sheet cwt.
Tobacco, manafisctared, except snuff and
cigars lbs.
Unmanufactured lbs.
Snuff pkgs.
Cigars *. pkgs.
Tea lbs .
Nova Scotia
Mexieo
United States
Great Britain and possessions
Nova Scotia . . ,
; United States.
United States.
Great Britain.
United States.
United States.
British
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain and possenions .
United States
United States
British possessions .
United States
Great Britatai and possessions .
Great Britain and possesions .
United States
Green..
.lbs.
Tin, block and sheet cwt.
Tallow and soap grease lbs.
Trunks and valises. pkgs .
Toys pkgs.
Turpentine V^S*-
Vinegar bbls .
Vegetables— potatoes ♦ush .
Turnips m bush.
Onions pkgs
Carrots, beets, parsnips, horse radish, and
lettuce pkgs.
United States
Meidco
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain .
Canada
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
United States
British possessions. .
United States
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Great Britain.
United States .
United States
France ,
Great Britain and possessions
United States
British possessions .
British posseMions .
BritiHh possessions .
United States.
United States .
Nova Scotia . .
Quantity.
14,d22
353
290
1,535
Total.
Value.
IS
159
1
1.651
67 j
4
1 !
413 I
61 I
150 I
10 I
15 I
144
645
17, 181
365
3,189
35,151
493,501
80,755
5,486
103
16
905
568,014
5.193
708,706
16,930 I
1,852
22
475
160
159
42
427
126
3,055
136
243.400
547
63 !
90
17,1
3,554
528, 653
86.241
119
237
1,281,913
553
3.191
943,947
2,365
153
695
164
130
2,119
82,183
79
1,673
3,483
3,817
b2,602
6.131
1,752
7.300
Digitized by
Google
BBITISH DOMINIOKS.
Statement showing the description, quantity, ifc. — Continued.
49
W«od— bowds WMl 1
BtUllf.
..ftet
IVbcre nrom*
NoraSeofla...
United StatM.
Htfd-wo«d boards feet. United Statei
Deal* ^feet.j Nova Scotia
Flivwood oordii. Nova Scotia
Latb-wood oordfl.! BritiHh posiesrions .
Treenails. - Nova Scotia
United States
Bsrk eords.
BMkaMtfaek knees
8blngiM
.Pkgs
SUp-wed«es.
Ox-bo«r«
Adipbak....
Xabosany....
Ugnunvitie .
..boxes
doz.
.^.feet.
...pkg«.
Span sad I
fitsves
Cherry
Owk.
fret.
Pkffi
pkgs-
Osk plank feet.
WainnI boards feet.
Osktinber.
Breh timber .
PfMtfaaber..
.tons,
.tons.
Noya Scotia...
Canada ,
Nova Scotia...
United States.
United States.
Nova Scotia...
Nova Scotia..
Nova Scotia . .
United States .
United States .
United States.
Hayti
San Domingo.
NovaScoUa..
United States.
Nova Scotia . . .
United Stales.
Portngal
Netherlands. . . .
United Siates.,
United States..
Nova Scotia...
Canada
United States.
United States
British posiessions .
Tamarae timber tons
Elm timber tons
Ware maanfaetares, Indndlng matches,
pietare-frames, com brooms, axe and
whip-kaodles -....pkgs
Maaiilbetax«s«exeeptwooden wares, -pkgs
W<»1 bags
&« cwt
Artidca not otherwise enamerated— plnm*
bego, leeches, sand and earth, manure,
a«>e.*c pkgs
ifiK^Haaeoas artidea— pine-apples, coooa-
»ta, &e.. p«ying 3 per cent pli^-
XMeeQaaeovs articles paylngi per cent, .pkgs .
^■ai^IIsaeoas articles paying 15 per cent—
UaeUng, images, chess-boards, fenders,
cvbteg itooes, soap-stones, &c pkgs.
^Bmrnine uus articles paying 18 per cent .pkgs.
Canada
United States.
Canada.
Canada.
Qaaatity.
155,250
6,629
7,500
69.348
91,000
5^550,000
United States
Portngal
Cuba and Porto Rico ,
Oreat Britain and posseislons .
Great Britain and possessions .
United States
United States...
British possessions
United States
Great Britain and possessions .
Oreat Britain and possessions
United States
United States
Oreat Britain and possessions .
United States.
Oreat Britain .
United States
Oreat Britain and possessions .
Oreat Britain and possessions
United States
23,660
340
54
1,666
8
943
206
7,433
80
175
321
978
203
148
168
680
182
204
725
162
211
92
161,879
3,890
2,285,000
928
20
TotaL
76,848
7
743
5,571,000
19
13
5
1,150
765
180
6
2,500
1,575
317
120
,^,000
23,000
1,720
945
275
86
24
8,010
1,.006
351
848
386
887
10
303
43
Valne.
$1,324
563
18,260
3,712
165
5,412
28
2,857
8,756
186
39
10
125
2,203
2,570
843
75
107
600
51
3,656
2,637
34,713
2,846.
4,386
1,313
327
24^252
1,960
7,781
4,799
5,391
4,404
65
3,105
569
-C H
.Digitized by V^OOQ IC
50 ANNUAL RBPOBT ON FOREIGN COlfMERCE.
, Recapitukieion.
Total ralne of foodt liable to duty Imported Into M^wBranswiek In 1864 $6.693. 4ffi
Total not liable to dnty. 51,258,964
Total ralne of importf during 1964 8,MS,ase
Dutiable goods imported amonnted to. 74.e2peTerat
Free goodM Imported amoanted to ; ^ 25. 18 per cent.
Dntief collected In 1864 on all goods imported Into New Bnmswiek amounted to 10. 15 per cent, on their
gross valnf*, (Indndiog both dutiable and xree goods,) and the duties collected amounted to 13. 37 p^r cenL of
the value of dutiable goods.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BBITISH DOMINIONS.
51
s a a
in
ooo
lSa|
5il =
is
•0 2
i ?
I
I
"I
If
a a a
SS8
k k ••
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I
a a a
S82
■■ k k
II
11 ill
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I
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a a
S8
i
Is. I.SS.S
8S 8£s£
sag
11
I. ^
CO ^
a AS
855
II
ii
ill
II
ill
^o c
l.|||IIS.
II
sreent
1 Hi
• • it
§
I
m
Jiff
3
s
1
II
II
is
-•s
^? I
^? i 5 •
II
SI
m
him
II liiilii
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
52
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
a
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fi
o
1
I
1
a a u
I-
a g^ g 0 i "5
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id^ _
gC S S S t 2 SI
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Jjjlil^
^Gm
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II
^§
II lll||ll
I
'a
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£2
llii
If
I
IIH
u u u S
I222I
I
fe"fe
222i£fc
inli
if iiif ii §r
00 0005 00 ^
i
1^
k • • • • hS O
llii
ill
m
faiSSS 8S^S^££
lis.
!§
s s
1
g
1
^ fe
2LS. S.Sg.S|.&& S.
8S} S£^S S2 S
£
&•
i
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I
sis
1
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o S 8 8 *o
a a a
k b h
S.S.S.
i^
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3
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is
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PQnSn
I
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68
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOBEIGN COIOIEBCE.
Trinidad — ^N. S. Humphrey, Consul.
Sbptbmbbr 8, 1865.
I Bubmit herewith my a^naal report for the year ended Jane 30, 1865.
Statement showing the description, quantity , and value of exports Jrom Trinidad
for the year ended June 30, 1865.
Sugar, 27,865 hhds., 5,155 tierces, 1,735 barrels $2, 000, 000 00
Molasses, 12,375 puncheons • 155,000 00
Rum, 750 puncheons 25, 000 00
Cocoa, 6,000,000 pounds 660, 000 00
Coffee, 15,000 pounds 2, 000 00
Cotton, 150,000 pounds ^ 75, 000 00
Total 2,917,000 00
The exports to the United States, consisting principally of sugar and molasses,
are estimated at $156,000 ; of which a little less than one-half were shipped in
United States vessels.
Owing to the unusually early commencement of the rainy season not more
than two- thirds of the growing sugar crop has been secured and manufactured ;
so that, notwithstanding the increase in some other articles, the total value of ex-
ports is but a little more than two-thirds of that of the previous year. It is
proper to remark, however, that the crop of 1864 was above an average iu
quantity and value.
IMPORTS.
The total value of imports may be stated in round numbers at $3,975,000 ;
exceeding those of last year by more than half a million, of which there was
from Great Britain and its dependencies the usual assortment of merchandise to
the value of $2,465,000 ; from the United States, $815,000; and from all other
foreign countries, $695,000.
In enclosing the following statement of imports from the United States, I have
to remark that to the articles there enumerated should be added an annual im-
portation of ice of the average value of $50,000 from Boston, which is retailed
oy the only American firm doing business on this island.
Statement showing the description, quantity y and value of imports from the
United States into the island of Trinidadfor the year ended June 30, 1865.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Bread bbls.
4,847
22,221
205,220
52,657
7,010
4,627
54,705
*25,830
3,840
30,940
7,040
6, 340
18,860
292, 440
1,930
4.490
07,600
28,860
Matches
$3,020
137, 51K)
54,190
Butter lbs.
Candles lbs.
Provisions lbs.
Oil meal .
1,180,195
Cheese lbs.
Kerosene .
12, 0(10
Cora bush.
I'eas and beans
4,490
52,690
22,92<)
50,UiH>
Cora meal bbls.
Flour bbls.
Tobacco lbs.
Sundries
197,210
Furniture
Ice, (estimated)
Hardware . ............
Total
Lard lbs .
298, 190
815 0(Mt
Lumber, shooks, and
staves
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 69
Tubk's Island — J. G. Grisson, Consul,
October 28, 1865.
I have the honor to laj before you the annual report on the trade of this con-
sular district, for the year ended September 30, 1865.
The fact that the only production of these islands is salt has been so often
rdterated, aa to require no repetition here : they are, however, well adapted to
the growth of cotton, and the executive of the colony, among other efforts to
improve its condition, has striven to open a new field of enterprise by encour-
aginr attempts at the cultivation of this plant; but the comparative ease with
whita salt is produced by solar evaporation, and the scarcity of labor, must, for
a long time at least, preclude the creation of any other staple commodity in these
islands. The trade of the colony is therefore at present almost exclusively re-
stricted to the exportation of salt and the importation of the necessaries of life.
Of the staple, more than seven-eighths are exported to the United States, and
the remainder to the British provinces of North America; of the imports, nearly
all the provisions and breadstuffs are drawn from the United States, while dry
goods, clothing and fancy articles are mostly from England.
The namber of American vessels arrived during the year ended September
30, 1865, is S3 ; which, as compared with the year 1864, shows a decrease of
sixteen. They were divided among the ports of the colony as follows: at
Grand Turk 46, at Salt Gay 24, at East Harbor 13 ; as to class, there were 2
ships, 16 barks, 30 brigs, and 35 schooners, of the aggregate tonnage of 19,659,
and with 597 seamen, inward. I will give the quantity and value of exports
to the United States for the year ended September 30, 1865, collected from the
triplicate invoices filed in this office and the consular agencies ; and will furnish
a comparative statement of the whole imports and exports of the colony for the
year ended December 81, 1864.
First, the number of bushels of salt shipped to the United States from aU the
ports of the colony during the year ended September 30, 1865, was 1,001,874,
of the value of $123,836 82; of this quantity, 589,429 bushels, of the value of
$72,358 07, were shipped in American vessels, and 412,445 bushels, of the value
of $51,478 75, in foreign. The total value of all exports to the United States
for the same period was $174,719 45. In American bottoms, $82,646 10; and
in foreign, $92,073 35.
The difference between the total value of all exports to the United States and
the value of salt exported thereto, namely, $50,882 63, is comprised principally
of wood, tobacco, and other St. Domingo produce ; in which articles, since the
blockade of the ports of St. Domingo by Spain, a considerable trade sprung up *
between that island and these, by means of small craft running the blockade.
Smce, however, the blockade has been raised, the regular trade to these ports
may soon be expected to be re-established, when the one at present existing
between that island and these will doubtless to a great extent cease.
Secondly, the total value of all imports into the colony during the year ended
December 31, 1864, was $308,385 04; of exports, $208,286 80. Showing, as
compared with the previous year, an increase in the former of $142,913 28, and
in the latter of $94,990 66. Of the imports, the value of $128,280 38 was from
the United States, and $180 104 66 from other places; and of the exports, the
nloe of $148,574 80 was to the United States, and $59,712 to other places.
Thus, about 42 per cent, or nearly one-half, of the total of imports was from
the United States, and about 71 per cent, or nearly two-thirds of the exports,
vere to that country. The average price of the staple for the year 1865, as
ooDeeted froai the triplicate invoices filed in this consulate, is about eleven cents
per bushel, exclusive of the export duty of one cent per bushel, and the other
dir^; and although this as compared with the previous year shows a decrease^
Digitized by LjOOQ !(:!
70 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
in price, still, the figare named above is regarded as amplj remaneratiye to the
manufactorer.
The total revenue of this colony from October 1, 1864, to September 30, 1865,
amounted to $46,046 60, as follows: from imports, 825,484 90; from exports,
$10,964 78; and from other sources, $9,597 22; and which, as contrasted with
the year 1864, shows a decrease of $5,962 68, being an increase in imports of
$1,860 60, and a decrease in exports of $5,168 36, and in other sources of
$2,654 92.
* * The export duty on salt is one cent per bushel. The bushel
measure for salt is by law made to contain thirty-nve imperial quarts. The
port cnarges are, light duty at the rat^ of eight cents per ton of registered ton-
nage, and pilotage at the rate of $3 for fifty tons and under; for above fifty
tons and not above one hundred, $4 50 ; and for every fifty tons over one hun-
dred, at the rate of fifty cents for every additional fifty tons.
There have been only five vessels wrecked or stranded within the colony
during the past year, two of which were American and three British. The
value of the property saved from them was as follows : Property being the
produce of the United States, $14,014 52 ; property being the produce of other
countries, $814 58; total, $14,829 10. Thus, although only two of the five
vessels lost during the year bore the flag of the United States, more than
ninety-four per cent, of the freight carried bv the whole five was the produce
of that country. I regret to say that the fine of English steamers which
lately touched at these islands on their trips to and from Liverpool and Port
au Prince via New York have for some time past discontinued their visits to
these islands, but I have been favored with the perusal of a correspondence be-
tween the colonial secretary and the local agent of this steamship companj,
from which it appears that negotiations are still pending for the inclusion of
these islands once more in their route.
The only public measure of the past year in any way likely to a£fect
American interests has been in reference to the erection of a light-house on
Sand cay, near the southern extremity of the Turk's islands passage. This
project has long been in contemplation, but now seems nearer a consummation
than it ever has been at any previous time. * * ♦ *
«< Turk's islands passage" is formed by the Turk's islands, consisting of
Grand Turk, Salt cay, and other small cays and reefs on the east, and the
Gaicos islands and bajik on the west, and runs in a south-southwesterly direc-
tion, and is, from the light-house on Grand Turk, its northern extremity, to
Sand cay, near its souUiern end, about twenty-two miles in length. The
, ** Endymion rock " bears from the south end of Sand cay southwest distant
sin miles, and the "Swimmer shoal" from the "Endymion rock" west by
south, distant twelve miles. The entrances from the south to the "Turk's
islands passage" lie, therefore, between the "Swimmer shoal" and the
•** Endymion rock" and "Sand cay."
A committee of the legislative council of this government, in June last, laid
'before the President and council a report on the proposed light-house on Sand
iCay, from which it appears that the number of vessels passing through the
'Turk's islands passage has increased since the erection of the light-house on
'Grand Turk to an average, within the last three vears, of six hundred and
fifty-three per annum in the day-time, while nearly as great a number are
known to pass at night; further, that if a light was established at Sand cay
vessels from Europe and North America bound to Hayti, the south side of
<;uba, Jamaica, and the Gulf of Mexico, would take this passage in preference
to the Silver cay, or " Gaicos passage" where most of the wrecks now occur,
and that steamships and other vessels homeward bound would prefer it in
coming from the south, it being the safest passage on account of its shortness.
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 71
Jfeium of (he number of vessels pcused the light-house at Ghrand Turkt between
sunrise and sunset, from the 1st of January, 1865, to the 1st of January,
1866, {oficially reported,)
Steamere 20
ShiM 5
Bftrkfl 94
Brigs 233
Seiners 113
Total • 465
Fbbbuary 3, 1866.
* * * There is a falling off in the import dnties of 1865 of de282 2s. 2d.
The export dntj on salt has reached that of 1864 within the trifling amount of
<€1 15#. Id., which amount represents the difference in the quantity of the staple
exported daring the two years, namely 842, hushels.
The light duty has declined to the extent of o652 is., hut other sources nearly
make up for the other deficiencies hy an increase of o£317 7s. 4d., so that the
total falling off in the revenue for 1865, as compared with the year 1864, is only
ce25 3s. Sd. sterling.
The whole receipts for the year 1865 amount to 6£9,965 6s. 6^., and the expendi-
tures to <£9, 141 3s. lid., giving a surplus of receipts over expenditures of d£824 2s.
7d^ which added to the balance of 1864 gives an amount of d£3,423 13s. 8d. avail-
able for 1866.
This is less than the imports from the United States for the preceding year by
some $65,000, and the proportion brought in United States vessels is about the
The average rates of freight from the United States for the year have been
leventy-five cents per barrel for flour, and in proportion for other goods.
Theie is no quotable rate of return freights, as all shipments have been made
on owners' acconnts.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
72
AKNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEBCE.
Kingston, (Ja.) — ^Aaron Orbgg, Cofuul.
Statement thawing the description^ quantity, and value of exports from King-
ston to the United States during the nine months ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Qaantitj.
Yftlue.
Cattle..
Horses.
Hogs.
Sheep
Butter pounds.
Wool do---
Hops do...
Cheese do...
Iron do...
Eggs dozen.
Lumber .« feet.
Shingles
Laths bunches.
Do number.
Skins, calf dozen.
sheep....
kip
Fish barrels.
Old lead and brass do...
Barley bushels.
Rye do...
Flax, (tow) bales.
Paper and rags do..
Dry goods
Books.
6,765)
903 >
978)
4,370
70,054
3,779
1,116
6,084
3,038
32,21H
6,801,732^
462,000 I
16 f
57, 750 J
197 >
3,220 >
12)
230
4
68,350^
1.550$
51
30
Boat seine
Printing press
Household gfoods packages.
Furs.
1
22
Salt muroths.
Do bags.
Do bushels.
Do tons.
Tea chests.
Barrels for kerosene
Wood cords.
Chickens pairs.
Seeds : cases.
Wheat bushels.
Wheat, barley, oats, peas, and buckwheat
JewellersMust
Horses and buggies
Horses and wagon
Alcohol t gallons.
Steam walking beam strap
19, 325 1
10,692 1
10,412 1
219 J
110
836
210
150
7
5,710
150
1268,714 77
9,811 00
14,001 56
1,383 43
167 40
507 00
3,796 00
73,024 87
5,56145
756 00
61 00
44,269 73
200 00
721 12
218 99
11 60
40 00
720 00
4,996 00
2,738 80
13,913 28
6,035 00
596 27
275 00
300 00
250 00
5,648 00
10,897 47
75 00
415 00
635 00
345 00
200 00
Total.
466,247 70
Schedule of import duties imposed hy the Jamaica authorities by an act styled
the import duties act, in force until March 31, 1867, dated 1864.
Duties.
d. s. d.
Ale, per tun 5 7 C
Asses, per head 0 5 0
Bacon, per cwt 0 10 0
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 73
oC 9. d,
Biriej, (not pearl,) per bushel 0 0 3
Beef, dbried, per cwt 0 10 0
fieef, salted and cored, per bbl. of 200 lbs 0 10 0
BesDS, per bneliel 0 0 3
Beer, per tun 5 7 0
Birds, free
Books, printed, inclading maps, free
Bread and biscait, per ewt 0 6 0
Bricks, per thonsana 0 4 0
Bullion, free.
Batter, per cwt 0 9 0
Galayances, per bushel : 0 0 3
Candles, composition, per box of 56 lbs 0 7 0
Candles, tallow, ner box of 56 lbs 0 2 6
Candles, wax and sperm, per box of 56 lbs 0 10 0
Cattle, slaughtered, per head 0 10 0
Carriages, carts, and wagons, free
Cheese, per cwt 0 10 0
Cider, per tnn 4 7 0
Clothing, army and navj, free
Coals, free
Cocoa, percwt 0 10 0
Coffee 10 0
Coke, free . . . •
Com, Indian, per bushel 0 0 3
Cotton, free ^
Diamonds, free.
Dogs, free
Dyewood, free
Drawings, free
Engiayings, lithographs, A:c., free
Fish, dri^ and siutea, per cwt 0 2 6
fresh, free
smoked, per cwt 0 4 0
alewives, pickled, per bbl 0 2 0
herrings, pickled, per bbl 0 2 0
Do. smoked, per 25 lbs 0 0 6
mackerel, pickled, per bbl 0 4 0
Do. pickled and not otherwise enumerated, per bbl. . . 0 4 0
salmon, smoked, per cwt 0 10 0
Do. or salted, per bbl 0 10 0
Flax, free
Floor, rye, per bbl - 0 8 0
Flour, wheat, per bbl 0 8 0
Fruit, fresh, free
Goats, free ;
Goano and other manures, free
Guns, free
Gunpowder, per lb 0 0 6
Hams, per cwt 0 10 0
Hand machines for preparing fibre, spinning cottmo, &e., free. . . .
Haj and straw, free
Hemp, free
Hides, raw, free
Digitized by LjOOQIC
74 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
£ 9. i.
Horses and mules, per head 0 8 %
Hogshead shooks, each 0 0 6
Hydraulic and printing presses, each • 2 0 0
Ice, free
Iron, galvanized, per <£ 100 value 4 0 0
Iron for roofing, &c., free
Indigo, per lb 0 0 3
Lard, per cwt 0 6 0
Leeches, free
Matches, per gross of 12 dozen boxes 0 5 0
Malt dust, free
Marble in slabs or blocks, per c£ 100 value 4 0 0
Machines, horse-power, per c£100 value 4 0 0
Meat, fresh, free
Meat, salted or cured, per 200 lbs 0 10 0
Meal, not wheat, per bbl GIG
Mills of all kinds, per c£100 lbs. value 4 0 0
Molasses, free
Mules, per head 0 8 0
Necessaries for army or navy, certified by military or naval com-
mander as necessary, free
Oats, per bushel 0 0 3
Oil cake, free
Oil, per gall 0 0 4
Patent fuel, free
Pans for boiling sugar, copper, or iron, per o£100 value 4 0 0
Peas, not split, per bushel 0 0 3
Perry, per tun 4 7 0
Pipes for conveying fluids, per c£100 value 4 0 0
Plants, growing, free
Ploughs and agricultural implements and parts of same, 4 per cent.
Pork, salted and cured, per bbl. of 200 lbs 0 10 0
Porter, per tun 5 7 0
Poultry, free
Puncheon shooks, each 0 0 6
Pumps for raising water, per o£100 value 4 0 0
Railroad truck wheels, per d£ 100 value 4 0 0
Resins and rosin, free
Rice, per cwt 0 2 0
Rice, undressed, per bushel 0 1 0
Salt, per cwt 0 0 1
Salt, rock, free
SarsapariUa, free
Sausages, per cwt 0 10 0
Sheep, free
Slates, free
Soap, per box of 56 lbs 0 3 0
Soda ash and sub soda, free
Specimens illustrating, &c., free
Spirits : brandy, per gall 0 7 0
gin, per gall 0 6 0
rum imported from British poseessions, per gall 0 6 0
whiskey, per gall 0 5 0
of wine, sdcohol, cordials, &c., per gall 0 8 0
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
75
Stills and parte of Btills, per oClOO value 4 0 0
Steam en^nes and parts of engines, per dClOO value 4 0 0
Sagar, refined, per lb 0 0 2
nnrefinea, per cwt 0 10 2
Swine, free
Tallow, grease, and grease and black, free
Tea, per lb 0 16
Tierce shooks 0 0 6
Tiles, marble, per <£100 value 4 0 0
earthen, free
Tobacco, manufactured, per lb 0 0 6
unmanufacturea, per 100 lbs. weight 1 1 0
cigar, per 100 lbs. weight 0 2 6
Tongaes, dried, per cwt 0 10 0
salted or cured, per bbl. 200 lbs 0 10 o
Tortoise shell, free
Tow, free
Turtle, free
Lr nilbiins, free •.
Vegetables, fresh, free
Wax, bees', free
Wheat, per bushel 0 0 4
Wines in bulk or bottles 15 0 0
Wood : pitch pine lumber bj superficial measure, one inch thick,
per 1,000 feet 0 12 0
white pine bj superficial measure, one inch thick, per
1.000 feet - 0 8 0
shingles, cypress, more than 12 inches in length, per 1,000 0 4 0
Wallaba shingles, per 1,000 0 4 0
Boston shingles, and all other shingles not provided for,
per 1,000 0 2 0
hoops, per 1,000 0 2 0
red and white oak and ash staves and headings, per 1,000 . 0 4 0
Wire for fencing, iron standards, hurdles and tram rails, per o£100
value 4 0 0
On all other goods, wares, and merchandise, plantation supplies of
eveiy description, not previously enumerated, on <£100 value.. 12 10 0
ScTiedtde of duties levied in Jamaica an exports,
, £ i. d.
Sugar, per hogshead 0 5 9
Rom, per puncheon 0 4 6
Coflfee, per tierce* 0 6 0
Rmcnto, per 120 lbs. bag 0 0 10
Ix^ood, other djewoods, lignumvitas and cocus wood, per ton. . 0 10
Ginger, per cwt 0 1 0
Beeswax, per cwt 0 2 0
Arrowroot, per cwt 0 10
Coeoanuts, per thousand 0 10
Mahogany, per thousand feet 0 5 0
Honey, per cwt 0 10
Stodt of all kinds, per head 0 0 6
* Three tiercei are reckoned to two bogheads, and eight banels to one hogBhead.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
76
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Schedule of the tax an shipping at Kingston.
Castoms, tonnage act, per ton 0
Morunt ligbt-houBe, per ton
Plam Point light-houBe,"^ per ton
On all veeBels (except steamers which pay, per ton, Id. erery three
months) and hospital fees
HEALTH OFPICBRS' FBBS.
9. J.
2 0
3
riC s.
Ship or bark 0 12
Brig or brigantine 9
Schooner or sloop 6
KINGSTON HARBOB DUBS.
<£ S.
Ships or barks 1 l:f
Brigs or brigantines 1 4
Schooners or sloops 0 16
Vessels trading within the tropics, one-half. Vessels arriving in ballast and
loading with wood onlj paj one-half of all charges, except health officers' fees
and harbor dues.
Schedule of the piloU* fees levied in the ports of Jamaica.
Pilotage.
BRITISH TOIWAOB.
1.
1'
m
3
S
1
a
FmST Cr.AfM.
Kingtson 1
Manchioneal [
St. Ann'sbay (
Falmouth... J
BZCOKD CLASS.
All porta not enume- 1
rated asabove, ex* >
cept Port Koyal. >
THIRD CLASS.
Fort Royal <
Inward. ...
Outward..
Inward
Outward..
Inward
Outward..
£ », d,
6 00 00
400 00
4 16 00
3 4 00
4 10 00
2 16 00
£ 9. d.
5 500
3 13 00
4 4 00
2 16 00
3 12 00
8 800
£ B. d
4 16 00
3 400
3 12 00
2 800
3 00 00
200 00
£ 9, d.
4 4 00
2 16 00
300 00
2 00 00
2 14 00
1 16 00
£ 9. d,
3 12 00
2 800
2 800
1 12 00
fi 200
1 800
£ t. d.
300 00
200 00
1 16 00
1 4 00
1 16 00
1 4 00
£ B. d.
2 d UO
1 12 00
1 10 00
1 OOOO
1 10 00
100 00
There shall be paid for pilotage into Old Harbor for every ihip or bark, £5 St.; for every brig and brigan-
tine, £2 14« : and for every Bchooner or sloop, £1 7«. Same for pilotage out clear of the shoali of all such
vessels as aforesaid.
Prince Edward Island — Joseph Govell. Ckmsul.
t January 19, 1866.
* * The agricultnral and financial departments of this island are in a pros-
perous condition.
* Vessels putting in for order and to land passengers do not pay Plum Point light Yes-
eels in distress pay no tonnage, &.C.
tAnnaal report. Digitized by GoOglc
BBITISH DOMINIONS. 77
.£ 9, d.
The total valne of imports during the year ended December
31. 1864, is 337, 927 1 9
Imports the preyioas year 293, 431 4 10
Showing an inc^ase ot 44, 495 16 11
<£ 8. d.
Import and excise duties on this year's importations were. . • 33, 319 6 7
Yalae of tbe same the previous year 30, 704 17 8
Showing an increase ot 2,614 8 11
EXPORTS.
oC 8. d.
The total value of exports for 1864 is 202,668 0 9
The total value of exports for 1863 is 209, 472 9 6
Showing a decrease of • 6, 804 8 9
The number of vessels built on this island during tbe year 1864 is 119, of an
aggregate tonnage of 33,330 tons, old measurement ; which, calculated at (£5
per ton» should be added to general exports as follows :
Jt 8, d.
Mercantile exports 202, 668 0 9
Yalae of vessels built at this island and sent to foreign mar-
kets for sale 123, 340 0 0
Totalexports 326, 008 0 9
Tbe principal articles exported were oats,* barley, potatoes, and fish.
A great amount of fishing is done in tbe waters of this island by American
fishermen. *
The light and anchorage and import duties of this colony remain unchanged.
Statement 8howing the value of the import and export trade of the colony of
Prince Edward* 8 ieland^ toith other countrie8 and colonies, during the year
1S64.
Countries.
Imports.
Exports.
OrpatBritmn
£ #. ^.
in4,153 10 1
5< ,r'33 16 2
27,;>5i6 14 5
•A, ')38 19 7
r),708 17 7
154 5 6
4. 591 7 4
h;,;>GO 11 1
£ s. d.
37,092 12 9
Nuva Scotia
48,954 11 10
NVw Bnuuwick ......
18,691 12 0
NkwfouiidlaDd
11,059 6 2
B^rmiida and West Indies
7,700 6 0
Sj.Fierre
1,139 19 8
CsDAda
587 3 0
liilttd States
77,442 9 4
Total.
:--^r,0:JS 1 9
202,668 0 9
* The standard weight of oats in this island In 30 i)ouuds per bushel.
Digitized by V^OOQIC
78 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
DbMBBARA — ^P. FiGYBLMBSY, CoMul.
August 3, 1865.
The name " Guiana" is given to that portion of Soatb America lying be-
tween 80 40' north and 3^ 30' south, and between 50^ and 68^^0' west longi-
tude, with an estimated area of 690,000 square miles. Its coftt-line extends
from the mouth of the Orinoco to that of tne Amazon. This region is divided
as follows :
1st. Venezuelan Ouiana, lying both sides of the Orinoco, and extending south
and southwest to river Negro and the Brazilian settlements. Its northeast
boundary is at a point near the mouth of the river Barina, which empties itself
at the confluence of the Orinoco.
2d. British Gaiana, extending from Venezuelan Ouiana to the river Gorentyn.
3d. Dutch Guiana, or Surinam, extending from the river Gorentyn to the
river Marawini, in 54P west.
4th. French Guiana, more commonly called Cayenne, from the island on
which its capital is situated, extends from the river Marawini to near Cape North.
5th. Brazilian Guiana extends from the southern boundaries of French,
Dutch, British, and Venezuelan Guiana to the rivers Amazon and Negro.
The three colonies of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo formerly belonged to
the Dutch, but were captured in 1803, and finally ceded to Great Britain in
1814, and constitute the present colony of British Guiana, thus first designated
in 1831. They are now termed counties, of which Berbice extends from the
Gorentyn to the Abari creek, or about 95 miles. Essequibo, from the Boera-
sini to the site of the military posts formerly maintained by the Dutch on the
river Boerasini, about 120 miles ; thus making a sea-front of 280 miles, by an
interior depth of 300 to 450 miles from north to south.
It is difficult to determine with exactitude the area of the colony of British
Guiana, since its boundaries, not only on the side of Venezaela, but on that of
Brazil, are yet undetermined. Assuming its limits to be those which the geo-
graphical features of that territory would indicate, the area would be equal U)
76,000 square miles. In its geographical character indications are traceable of
the interior of this vast region 4iaving been at some former period the bed of a
series of lakes, the waters of which, bursting their barriers, found passages to
the Atlantic. The interior is diversified by ranges of mountains, extensive
savannas, and dense forests. Of the former the highest point yet determined is
stated to be the peak of Rovaima, in latitude 5° 9* 30'' north, longitude 60° 47'
west, being 7,500 feet above the level of the sea.
The coast lauds and cultivated districts of the colony have a soil of blue clay
impregnated with marine salt, and is rich in decomposed vegf>t4ible matter.
In the forests bordering the settlements, and occasionally in the savannas,
extensive tracts of tropical peat occur, sometimes of considerable depth ; and
the same formation has existed on a great part of the cultivated lands, but from
long-continued tillage has become exhausted. About thirty miles up the Ese-
quibo is an extensive bed of granite, with homblend.
The chief rivers of the colony are the Essequibo, the Demerara, and the Ber-
bice. The Essequibo is not less than 620 miles in length, and its month forms
an estuary nearly twenty miles wide, with numerous fertile islands, several of
which are from twelve to fifteen miles long. In consequence, however, of in-
terruptions by cataracts it is navigable for large vessels not more than fifty
miles from its mouth. In the Demerara, the upper course of which is known
only to the Indians, vessels of large burden have loaded timber seventy-five
miles from its mouth.
Vessels of twelve feet draught can ascend 105 miles on the river Berbice, and
those of seven feet draught 175 miles from its month.
The boundary river Gorentyn is navigable for small vessels for about 150
miles from its mouth. Digi^i.ed by v^OOg le
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 79
Notwithstanding the position of this territoiy so near to the eqnator, the
dimate is more equable and temperate than many other countries under similar
mnllels of latitude. This arises ^m tbe uniformlj great length of the night,
anriDg which the earth has time to cool by radiation, and from proximity to the
ocean, and the prevailing wiods, being the northeast trades, and from the favor-
able angle of the coast towards it.
It is usually assumed that the year is divided into two wet and two diy sea-
sons, but latterly the periods of such changes have not been well marked, and
the latest information of the Georgetown observatoiy on the subject is that the
annual fall of rain during the last seven years varies ^m seven to eleven feet.
It is, however, to be remarked that although the amount of rain is so great, it
seldom rains for twelve hours consecutively, and that a day hardly passes with-
out £air weather and sunshine. The long dry season extends from the end of
Ang;u8t to the end of November, and the short one from the middle of Februaiy
to die middle of April, but even during these seasons there are occasionally re-
freiihing showers.
The population of British Guiana was, in 1861, 148,900, and that of the city
of Demerara 35,000. The metropolis and most important commercial place of
the colony is Georgetown, formerly called Stabrock, at the mouth of the Deme-
laia n ver and partially on the sea-coast. The city, with the exception of govern-
ment structures, is built entirely of wood, and is very much exposed to confla-
grations.
The light-ship, immediately beyond the bar of the Demerara river, is about
nine miles from the light-house, bearing northeast by southwest, and the positions
of hoth have been fixed as follows : light-house, 6^ 9^ 54^' latitude north and
58"" ^f longitude west ; light-ship, 6^ 55' 33'' latitude north and 58"^ 1^^ longi-
tude west.
The only other tO¥m of any importance is New Amsterdam, near the mouth
of the river Berbice, which has a population of 4,579 inhabitants.
The staple products of the colony were formerly described as sugar, rum,
coffee, and cotton. They may be now quoted as sugar, rum, molasses, and tim-
ber, cotton having altogether ceased to be exported, and coffee having dwindled
down to a comparatively inconsiderable item.
As will be seen from these statements, this colony depends entirely on import-
ations &om other countries for such necessaries as flour, bread, meal, beef, pork,
peas, com, ice, lumber, &c., &c., imported from the United States, as are also
cattle, horses, mules, and sheep brought here in great quantities since peace is
restored. Dry goods, iron and steel goods, coal, &;c., &:c., are imported from
England.
On the immigrants' arrival in this colony they are allotted to the different
plantations under a written contract or indenture of labor for a term of five years,
which is duly signed by themselves. The indentured immigrants are bound by
their contracts to perform five days' labor, or five tasks, in every week ; when
emploved at field-work they labor seven hours daily, between sunrise and sun-
set ; during the sugar-making time their services are in the buildings, tailing
Jifietn komrt daily — ^from about 5 a. m. to 8 p. m.; and they receive payment for
each day's work in accordance with the description of the task allotted, from
sixteen to thirty-two cents. Out of this very small sum the immigrants are
obliged to purchase food and clothing. At the expiration of the contract, if the
immigrant is desirous of being re-indentured for a further term of five years, and
if he can obtain an employer, a bounty of S50 is paid to the immigrant, and he
then enters into a fresh contract for another five years. But failing in this, the
inmiigrant is ejected from the plantation ; a free ticket from further claims by
the colony is given to him by the immigrant agent general. From which cause
aanj are to be daily seen in a state of starvation and nudity, begging on the
piblic highways. No inducement is held out to these people to become settlers.
No coiisideration by the colony is given to the immigrant, who after honestly
80
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
having completed his term of contract on the plantation, mast either retnm to
his native country at the expense of the colony penniless, or endeavor to eain
a daily subsistence about the cities. No land is given by the colony on Trhich
the immigrant may devote the remainder of his days for ihe benefit of his family.
Less than 500 acres cannot be purchased, and to such a description of people it
is no doubt held at a high rate to prevent their becoming freeholders.
In this colony the colored man is looked upon with scom» from the fact that
he will not consent to labor for such paltry wages.
The plantations are principally managed by Scotchmen. The proprietors of
plantations, in conjunction with the merchants, import also young men from
Scotland and other parts of Great Britain, paying Uieir passage, and on their
arrival they enter into contracts imder indentures, like other immigrants. A
portion of them, the cleverest, are taken for clerks in the offices ; the others are
sent to the estates as overseers, and receive a salary of $15 to $20 per month
until the termination of their contract. With few exceptions they are of the
lowest description.
The immigrants imported at the expense of the colony, and who are compelled
to serve under indentures, are principally brought from the East Indies, and
called by the English sepoys, coolies, &c.. &c., Cliinese, and Africans. Free
immigration is also encouraged from Madeira and Barbadoes. (See return No. 2.)
The Portuguese are a hard-working and industrious race of people, many be-
ing established as merchants and carry on extensive business, while others con-
duct grocery establishments.
The Barbadians here are of the very worst class of people. British Guiana
is also the resort of convicts from Cayenne. * * * ♦
Living in this colony is very expensive, and when coupled with the very small
amount of daily wages it is, of course, impossible for the poor immigrants to
purchase anything better than the coarsest and most common sort of food called
"plants," which are here expressly cultivated for that purpose.' The clothing,
too, is the poorest possible — a piece of coarse linen tied around the loins.
Comparative statement shototng the total nutnber of coolies and other immigrant
laborers introduced into the colony of British Guiana during the years 1863
and 1864.
1863.
CLASSIFICATION.
-a"
Whence.
KationAlity and race.
S
i
O
«5
i
East Indians
1,750
286
247
25
443
92
78
19
48
12
37
5
.38
4
10
5
75
2
1
15
2,354
396
373
69
Calcutta.
Canton.
St. Helena.
Barbadoes.
Chinese
Africans
West Indians
Total
2,308
632
102
57
93
3,192
1864.
East Indians .
Chinese
Africans .
1,995
336
2H5
West Indians |2, 261
Total.
4,877
460
104
151
14
43
47
9^4
296
1,638
461
67
1
15 I
133 '
83
7
0
2,709 Calcutta.
509 Canton.
390
4,297
216
713
St. Helena.
Barbadoes.
Since 1835 the numbf-r import«Hl has bifn 118,1*17.
Jigitized by
7,905
^JoogIe
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 81
RAILWAYS.
The only railway line in the colony extends twenty-five miles up the sea-
coast of Demerara. By this conveyance the mails are forwarded for Berbice ; the
balance of the route being by post coach.
MINES.
A gold mine has been discovered on the banks of the river Gayuni, at a
distance of 150 miles from this city. A company has been formed under the
style and name of *• The Gold Mining Company of British Guiana" for the pur-
pose of working it. One steam machine was imported from England for crush-
ing quartz, and is now erected at the mine and in active operation.
8TBAM COMMUNICATION AND FERRIfiS.
Of Steamers there are .five under contract with the colony for the performance
of the following service, for which it pays $50,000 :
For one as a ferry-boat on the Demerara ;
For one as a ferry-boat on the Berbice ;
For steam communication with Essequibo and Berbice, to and from twice
weekly ;
For monthly trips to the penal settlement, or convict prison, about ninety-five
miles up the river Massaroony.
Independently of the contract amount paid annually by the colony, the pro-
prietor of the steamer is allowed to charge a certain rate of fare for passengers^
cattle, &c, &c., certain government officers being excepted.
It is the opinion of those engaged in the business here that a regular and
properly conducted semi-monthly line of steamers between New York and
Demerara* touching atBarbadoes and St. Thomas, would meet with success, and
W of advantage especially to the commercial interests of the United States.
The governor of this colony assured me of his sympathy and willingness to
grant the aid of this colony, and guarantee the aid of Barbadoes for the purpose
uf accomplishing so desirable an object
The European steam mail packets, as well as the Dutch mail steamers from
Surinam, arrive here semi- monthly. A line bas also been formed at Cayenne,
<>f which the first steamer is expected the 20th August. Arrangements could
be made so that the United States steamer should be at this port at the same
time ; from which arrangement great benefit would be derived, as passengers for
Europe could, in that case, go by way of New York, especially if the voyage
on that route should be made in less time than by the present one. An Amer-
ican company could certainly make such arrangements that the price of passage
would be less to Europe, by wav of New York, than by the present route, and
at the same time make the United States a resort of convalescents from the
West Indies.
FIRE BNGINBS.
Of these most necessary articles we have here fourteen, of which one steam
and three hand engines are of American manufacture. These engines are under
the management of the inspector general of police, whose corps work them
when required.
There are but few citizens of the United States residing in this colony.
They are engaged mostly in commercial pursuits, practicing law and medicine,
«ad two or three are proprietors of estates.
SCR
Digitized by LjOOQIC
82
ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEBCE.
Comparative statement shaunng the description, quantity, and value of exports
from Demerara to the United States during the years 1863 and 1864.
Description.
1863.
1864.
Soear hogflbeads
Do tierces
Do barrels
Do « bags
Molasses puncheons
Do casks
Rum puncheons
Brandy boxes
Wine « casks
Shrub boxes
Coffee pounds
Cocoa do...
Oranges
Pickles and preserves ••• boxes
Old iron tons
copper pounds
brass do...
tin do...
lead do...
Hides
Horns
Ropes
Bones
Nuts
Value
Qaaiiltly.
5,1U7
458
6,601
268
1,185
158
3
260
43
2
39,760
4,405
50.663
1
1,209
37,394
9.'J74
1,988
8,710
4,465
642
4.774
7,197
53,000
711,984 98
QtMUlt/f.
3,96:$
147
5,411
2,910
2,:m
1,000
3,737
77,773
94,290
33,040
4,297
6,922
6,474
"ii.'ioo
631,389 77
Comparative statemtfft showing the exports of sugar and molasses from Deme-
rara to the United States during the years 1863 and 18G4, with the names of
the ports whither shipped.
1863.
SUGAR.
MOLASSES.
Where shipped.
»
1
1
i
a
1
i
New York
2,488
2,950
652
239
164
55
2,105
2,919
1,063
215
53
1,126
503
m
Baltimore
Philadelphia
35
Total
6,090
458
6,087
268
1,629
lb6
1864.
New York
Baltimore ..••
Philadelphia ..
BOiston
Total.
1,002
2,497
227
237
3,963
41
61
46
148
1,452
3,563
. 340
56
5,411
800
2,058
100
52
3,010
2,221
122
2,343
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BBmSH DOMINIONS.
83
Comparaiiife Hatement showing the description and quantity of imports into
Demerara during the years 1863 and 1864.
Description.
1864.
Beef barrels.
Pork do..,
Biwd do...
Batter pounds.
Caodles, tallow do..,
eompoMtion do...
Cheese • do...
C%K«
Coabf hogsheads.
Do tons
Oftts bushels
Cora baffs
Com and oatmeal pounds
lahf dried quintals
salmon «.. barrels
mackerel do...
smoked pounds
Floor barrels
Hubs snd bacon pounds
Hsj do...
Hoops
Horees
Mnles
Lsrd pounds
Lumber - feet
Brandj gallons
Gin do...
WiDeand Uqnor do..
OiU do..
Potatoes bushels
Riee bass
Soaps pounds
Tobacco, leaf do..
manofiictiued do..
9,825
25,359
560,798
328,140
183,671
252,340
1,299,637
24,583
19,598
44,355
22,777
33,311,922
67,474
249
5,578
18,014
80,590
323,284
667,290
1,224,470
98
97
500,617
6,323,856
61,089
56,957
18,778
80,602
42,951
164,084
542,775
273,234
41,833
Q,uantit^»
5,146
13,065i
20,277
633, 149
556,198
156,302i
265,979
1,204,350
26,094
25,400i
59,628
18,567
2,182,988
65,404i
1,763
5,182
^2,070
860,632
860,468
976,181
1,977,211
73
200
585,513
9,685,145
42,207
27,014
32,601i
92,574
37,773i
138,707
1,097,542
357, 141
26,328
Digitized by LjOOQIC
84
ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement sJuncing the nationality ^ number, and tonnage tf veueU
arrived at Demerara during the yean 1863 and 1864.
Kationalitj.
1863.
No. Tone.
1864.
No. Tons.
United States
British
French
Spanish
Venesuelan ,.
Netherlanders
Russian
German — Prussia
Hamborg^
Other German states
Swedish and Norwegian.
Portng^iiese
Brazilian
Total.
31
580
9
6,648
109,277
198
12
98
1,151
3,072
500
219
37
524
6
2
4
81
1
2
1
21
2
446
2,485
390
1
6
13
756
124,386
677
7,936
121.693
304
56
274
3,102
376
700
249
1,536
2,034
138,260
Statement shoeing the description, quantity, and value of merchandise exported
from Demerara to the United States during the quarter ended March 31t
1865, icith the names of the ports whither shipped.
Description.
Quantity.
Whither shipped.
Value.
Sugar hhds.
Do ...tierces.
Do bbls.
Molasses punch.
Suffar hhds.
Do bbls.
Do tierces.
Do hhds.
Do bbls.
Do punch.
Old copper lbs.
brass lbs.
block tin lbs.
junk lbs.
iron tierces.
Do cwt.
Do quar.
Sugar hhds.
Do punch.
Do bbls.
Do casks.
Do hhds.
Sugar tierces.
Do bbls.
1,376
14
924
459
682
560
11
19
6
1,756
2,800
1,300
300
2,800
103
12,000
lA
11
8
30
186
161
21
295
^ New York.
^ Baltimore .
^ New York.
^Boston
1 1 Philadelphia.
(^136,286 38
95,125 60
4,718 09
8,589 89
16,442 80
Total amount.
261, 162 76
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BBITISH DOMINIONS.
85
SlaUment showing the description and value ef the exports from Demerara to
ike United States^ together with the names of the countries where produced
and whither sent, during the quarter ended June 30, 1865.
EXPORTS.
Deseription.
Where pro-
duced.
Whither sent.
Value, include
ing costs and
charges.
TSbairris and 4 hogsheads of sugar;
6 casks of molasses ; 20 barrels of
coffee; 108^ barrels old iron, and
H tons of the same
112 tons, 15 cwt., and 9 lbs. old iron ;
11.042 lbs. old copper; 5,401 lbs. old
bn»; 942 lbs. old block tin; 3,657
lb8. old yellow metal ; 635 lbs. old
lead ; 925 lbs. of old junk ; 5 hogs-
heads and 80 b&rrels of sugar; and
123 casks of molasses
171 hogsheads and 110 barrels of su-
gar, and 18 pnacheons molasses
125 hogsheads and 12 tierces of sugar,
aodlcases of-brandj
ISl hogsheads, 1 tierce, and 132 barrels
of sugar; 117 pancheons of molasses.
125ko^eads of sugar
145 tops, 1 cwi., 3 quarters, 14 pounds
old iron ; 3,^5 pounds of old cop-
per; 1,800 pouBOs old brass; 1,513
pounds old block tin ; 325 pounds
old lead; 300 poands old junk ; 12
barrels coffee, and 64 puncheons
molasses
10 cases munts metal, consisting of
1,000 sheets
210 hogsheads, 15 tierces, and 52 bar-
rels of sugar
144 hogriieads and 212 barrels of su-
British Guiana.
-do.
Boston.
.do.
New York.
....do
-do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
....do.....
Baltimore .
.do.
.do.
17 tons old iron ; 3,000 pounds old cop-
pen 500 pounds old brass, and 2,000
pounds old lead ; 73 hogsheads, 24
tierces, 24 barrels, ana 146 bags
sugar ; and 87 cases of molasses
^ponefaeons of mm
112 hogsheads, 134 barrels of sugar ;
and 67 puncheons of molasses
.do.
.do.
New York.
Baltimore .
....do
....do
.do.
.do-
.do.
New York.
....do
Baltimore .
Total.
|2, 111 33
6,944 25
14,463 10
8,240 71
16,833 63
8.318 72
2,939 87
1,377 66
14,771 44
12,994 63
8,458 25
484 06
9,349 96
107,287 62
Digitized by LjOOQIC
66
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Calcutta— N. P. Jacobs, Comul General.
January 3, 1865.
Summary statement thowing the description, quantity, and value of exportt
from Calcutta to the United States during the quarter ended December 31,
1864, together with the name of the country where produced and ports whither
sent, ( compiled Jrom official invoices.)
Whither sent
Description.
Where
produced.
Value, including
costs and charges.
San Francisco
Three hnndrpd bales gnnnj bags and
"* two narcel samnles
Hindostan.
....do....
....do....
....do....
....do....
....do....
....do....
R, A, P.
16,183 7 3
64,748 5 8
40,105 4 6
10,653 1 9
46,250 7 9
129,752 2 6
49,585 14 11
Do
One thousand bales gnnnj bags
General merchandise
Two hundred and fiftj bales gonnj
bags and one parcel samples
General merchandise
. • . UO ...... . UO ....... ...... .... •...
...do do
Total rupees
Boston
San Francisco
Boston
Do
Do
357,278 12 4
Statement showing the description and value of the exports from, Calcutta to
the United States, and the ports whither sent, and the country where produced^
during the quarter ended March 31, 1865, (transcript of invoice book J
Production.
Whither sent
Where produced.
Value, includ-
ing costs and
charges.
Bamboo poles, hemp twine, and indigo
Shellac, gunny bags, and buffalo hides
General goods and merchandise
Do ....do...... ....do.....
Lac dye, indigo, and gunny bags
Gunny bags, 120 bales
Shellac, indigo, and lac dye
Jute, gunny bags, and castor oil
Linseed, and shell and button lac.
Indigo, buffalo hides, goat skins, lin-
seed, jute, and gunny bags
Indigo, 57 chests
Gfoat skins, 7 bales
Buffalo hides, goat skins, linseed, in-
digo, &c., &c
Lac dye, jute, linseed, and ^dia-
rubber
Seersucker, one box
Gunny bags, 100 bales and one parcel
samples
General goods and merchandise
Do.... do.... ...... do....... ....
Nux Yomica, 170 bags
New York....
. . . . do .... ....
Boston .... ..
— do........
San Francisco
Boston
Pemambuco
for orders
Pemambuco
for orders
Boston
Boston and
New York
Boston
East Indies.
...... do ....
......do....
do
......do....
do....
do....
do....
* Uw •«•« ««•■
.do,...
.do....
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
• do.
.do.
San Francisco
Boston
....do........
....do
-do
.do
.do......
.do
Aggregate.
R. A. P.
31,032 14
19,487 14
230,278 9
16,552 1
14,501 12
6,978 12
30,820 10
37,575 8
124,722 9 11
211,843 5
31,840 14
397 13 13
71,571 6 8
50,243 12 10
517 8 0
25,046 5 3
145, 177 10 0
174,347 6 6
604 11 0
1,222,541 9 10
Jigitized by VjUU^ IC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
87
Statement showings the description^ port of deHination^ quantity and value of
exports Jrom Calcutta to the United States for the quarter ended June 30,
1865.
Description.
Destination.
Quantity.
Value.
General merchandise.
Do
Sail]
LiDseed
Do
iDdia-Tobber
India-rubber and goat-skins.
Gonnj bags
Do
Do
Boston.
New York.
Boston.
??ew York.
Boston.
New York.
Boston. —
...do ,
9,243 bags..
1,886.. do...
2, 865. .do...
9, 412.. do...
55. .do...
...do
San Francisco .
...do
Indigo
Do
Baffiilo hides and goat-skins
Hemp twine
Coir matting
Madras goat-skins
Hides and skins
Jute
Do
f^ellae, lac dye, and rags
Lac dje and goat-skins
Linseed, gonnj cloth, and ^oat-skins
Saltpetre, hides, skins, and lac dje..
Indigo, 11 chs.; castor oil, 165 cases
New York.
Boston.
. . . do. .....
...do
...do
...do
New York,
do.
250 bales...
• 450.. do....
770 bales and
11,157 bags rice
32 chests..
12.. do....
■ «••••«« •«»•• ••«•
500 bundles.
246 pieces..
20 bales...
77. .do
1,370,361
64,143
168,018
32, 001
28,078
83,795
1,;<59
9,343
11,407
26,722
[ 79,665
Boston.
...do....
...do...
...do.
...do
New York.
0 10
9 6
5 11
5 0
13 3
8 6
14,700
7,367
4,709
6,197
4,101
6,999
13,043
9,022
3,777
9,183
25,900
24,217
18,774
11,275
8 3
1 6
15 9
9 6
Total rupees.
2,034,167 3 9
Statement showing the description and value of exports from Calcutta to the
United States for the quarter ended September 30, 1865.
R. A, P.
General merchandise 1,273.247 14 2
Gunnj cloth 120,363 0 1
Shellac 43,226 11 9
India-rubber '. 3,248 10 0
Cashmere ehawla 4,520 4 0
Jute 9,345 1 9
Castoroil 3,532 12 1
Dnseed 156,589 0 6
Fishing bamboos 272 4 3
BuffiJo hides 14,473 14 4
Sundries 428,089 0 2
2,056,908 9 1
Digitized by LjOOQIC
88
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the exports Jrom Calcutta to the United States
during the several quarters of the years 1864 and 1865.
Description.
1864.
Ist qr. 2d qr. 3d qr. 4th qr.
1865.
1st qr. 2dqr. { 3d qr. 4th qr.
Saltpetre bags . .
Linseed do...
Do pocket..
Indigo chests..
Lac-dye case*..
Twine bundles. .
Shellac cases. .
Goat skins pieces . .
Cow hides do . . .
Buffido hides do...
Gunny cloth do . . .
Gunny bags do . . .
Castor oil eases. .
Ginger ponnds. .
Redwood pieces..
Senna bales..
Sugar bags. .
Sheep skins pieces . .
Jute bales..
Cutch bags..
Rice pockets..
Do bags..
Cotton
25.946
86,092
23,157
396
641
425
1.059
273,000
111,200
44,780
4,056
1149,700
1,300
9,973
20.359
86.943
15,170
241
610
«35,500
74,400
31.400
10
1072,750
950
132,721
1,806
51
7,000
4,288
688
14,000
8,253
900
11.493
48,590
12,900
34
58
1,000
283
218.688
52,900
21.030
9,024
485,250
2,542
3,980
3,000
33
151
275
115,890
2,000
63,479
7,500
265
341
64
717
165^000
267
21,978
21,034 '
12,684
86,424
18, 016
8
320
93,397
56.112
837.512
200
10,990
90
571
l.V)
627 ! 1,235
314,000 ,347,355
9.500 1,600
26.870 ! 45,950
9,648 ' 37,444
21,722
119. 6»6
22,267
70
701
400
1.2?8
389. 5U)
35,400
46,330
15.1)84
1814. 756 1433. 950 2786, 250
565 I
87.744
2.581 !
550
200
1.907
1.000
7,217
663
4.000 I
5,304 I
550
3.340
2,796
138
.1.
7,653
1,557
I 6.000 i 8,000
6,814 8,165
1,561
1,228 I.
10,068 5,460
3,653
Comparative statement shounng the exports Jrom Calcutta to the United States
during the nine years ended December 31, 1865.
Description.
Tear ending December 31.
•
1857.
1858.
IfiSSL
186a
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864. j 1861
•
Saltpetre bags.
Linseed do..
Do pockets
Cow liides . . . pieces .
Buffalo hides... do..
Goat skins do..
Sheepskins do..
Gunny cloth... do..
Gunny bags ...do..
Jute bales
Hemp do..
Twine bundles.
Shell lac cases.
Lac dye do..
Indigo chests.
Ginger pounds.
Redwood . ..pieces.
Cutoh bags.
Sugar do..
Do pockets.
1 H, f?fi]
■jrr, !W
4:u. ("ii^
4,t'4O/-?50
4:i,556
3,471
4,866
5,612
1,306
2,352
388,036
22,616
12.949
49.552
W.':42
St)3, 'M-^
^^|■^, 7'/r
Jtifi. 194
1, -^A tJpl
127,150
4. flLM>, MT
2;i,049
1,713
10,704
5,267
1,437
865
925.841
3,787
10, 918
19.538
&7,K5a
614,507
soa,afla
3^8,512
a0fl.4P9
l,757.!H8
46, 44.>
J, H25. £50
18,592
268
2,301
2,219
1,231
1,890
492,253
6,317
10,947
7,327
101,265
403.330
201,954
268.425
202.309
982,045
8,500
900.636
3,250.420
15,696
192
3,727
3,047
1.419
1,537
343,214
3,958
11,077
14,052
80,639
111,173
81,163
92.466
134,438
581.029
3.500
283.902
3, 158, 724
17,324
111,470
267,389
59.043
271.300
189.437
697,507
9.100
229,870
3, 401, 750
14,635
57,227
231,105
66.720
103, 515
162, 911
994,186
35,998
22.320
4,020.200
13,063
60.340
225,605
54,227
140,500
97, 210
843.078
11,000
13,080
2, 8U7, 700
17,359
5^440
321. 570
46,767
141,128
1,215,855
14,000
62,176
«,8?2,4rt?
25.972
2,645
1,350
351
792
83.128
859
2,816
1, 43,".
468
178.707
4.648
5,640
9,000
39
3,253
890
441
248,072
1,425
2.227
1.133
704
S91.603
1.806
1,351
614
3,8».7
1,933
433
88, 944
2,581
802
1,916
3,513
3,116
18.984
3,820
44,548-
Castor oil cases.
Bice bags.
Do pockets.
10. 145
28,866
6,716
51,665
10.256
74,049
6,346
2,844
2,074
45.986
4,125
38,439
2.250
12,277
14,000
3,2«
19,1^1
* Of which, 28,827 pockets.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 89
PORT CHARGES.
TaKe of port dues and Jeet leviable in the Pari of Calcutta, under act XXX
qflS51.
1. Sea-going Teasels of 20 tons and upwards, 4 annas per ton.
2. No port dues chargeable on vessels compelled hy stress of weather to re-
enter port
3. Dboonies or country vessels employed in the coastmg trade, chargeable
not oftener than once ui sixty days, 2 annas.
4. Vessels entering the port in ballast, 3 annas.
5. Tug-steamers belonging to the port, once every six months, viz., once
from Januaiy 1 to June 30, and once from July 1 to December 31, annually,
laonas.
Fees for the following operations will be chargeable as follows :
Hauling to or from chain moorings, each operation, 16 rupees ; hauling to or from
eiriDging moorings, each operation, 10 rupees ; re-mooring, 16 rupees; hauling in
or out of dock, each operation, 30 rupees ; re-mooring from one part of the port
to another, 25 rupees; re-mooring from one mooring to another, at the request
of the agent or master, 50 rupees ; hooking, 16 rupees ; measuring, 30 rupAs.
All vessels occupying government mooring, fixed or swinging, shall be liable
to pay for the same according to the following scale, but no more :
For fixed moorings from November 1 to May 3, being seven months —
R. A.
All vessels up to 199 tons 1 8 per diem.
All vessels from 200 to 299 tons 2 0
All vessels from 300 to 399 tons 2 8
All vessels from 400 to 499 tons 3 0
All vessels from 500 to 599 tons 3 8
All vessels from 600 to 999 tons 4 0
All vessels from 1,000 and upwards 5 0
Swinging mooring 2 0
For fixed moorings from June 1 to October 31, being five months —
R.
All vessels up to 199 tons 3 per diem.
All vessels from 200 to 299 tons 4
All vessels from 300 to 399 tons 5
All vessels frt>m 400 to 499 tons 6
All vessels frt>m 500 to 599 tons 7
All vessels frt>m 600 to 999 tons 8
All Tessels from 1,000 and upwards 10
Swinging mooring 4
Inwird pilotage, — ^Draft of water 13 to 14 feet, 250 rupees; 14 to 15 feet,
287-8 rupees; 15 to 16 feet, 337-8 rupees; 16 to 17 feet, 400 rupees; 17 to
18 feet, 462-8 rupees; 18 to 19 feet 525 rupees; 19 to 20 feet, 600 rupees;
20 to 21 feet, 675 rupees; 21 to 22 feet, 737-8 rupees; 22 to 23 feet, 800
rapees ; 23 to 24 feet, 875 rupees.
Outward pilotage.— BT&ngtit of water 13 to 14 feet, 262-8 rupees; 14 to 17
feet, 300 rupees; 15 to 16 feet, 362-8 rupees; 16 to 17 feet, 450 rupees; 17
to 18 feet, 525 rupees; 18 to 19 feet, 587-8 rupees; 19 to 20 feet, 675 ru-
pees; 20 to 21 feet, 750 rupees; 21 to 22 feet, 812-8 rupees; 22 to 23 feet,
675 rupees; 23 to 24 feet, 962-8 rupees.
Stamps on bills of exchange, Sfc, — Foreign bills, payable at anv period not
exceeding one year after date or sight, drawn in sets of three, each part to be
Digitized by CjOOQ IC
90 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMBfERCE.
Btamped, viz: bills not exceeding 100 rupees, 1 anna; 100 to 250 rupees, 1
anna; 250 to 500 rupees, 2 annas; 500 to 1,000 rupees, 4 annas; 1,000 to
2,500 rupees, 8 annas; 2,500 to 5,000 rupees, 1 rupee; 5,000 to 10,000 ru-
pees, 2 rupees; 10.000 to 20,000 rupees, 4 rupees ; 20,000 to 30,000 rupees,
6 rupees ; 30,000 rupees and upwards, 8 rupees. Bills of lading of or for any
goods or merchandise to be exported, 4 annas for each part of every set
Weights. — 16 chuttacks 1 seer; 40 sears 1 maund; 1 factory maund is "il}
pounds ; 1 bazaar maund is 82} pounds.
Currency, — 12 pie 1 anna, 16 annas 1 rupee.
To change factory to bazaar weight, deduct ^ ; bazaar to factory, add ^;
factory maund to cwt„ deduct | ; and cwt. to factory maund, add ^.
Antigua — ^M. Galody, Qnuular Agent.
Sbptbmbbr 30, 1865.
In presenting my annual report, I am most happj to record that the general
condition of this island has somewhat revived from the effects of the heavy
drought with which it was visited last year, and that the crops promise to
yield a fair average.
The cultivation of cotton is rapidly extending ; large tracts of land are already
planted and in course of preparation for this staple ; in some instances sugar
estates, under full cultivation, are being converted into cotton fields. Some
shipments of the staple have been made, and excellent results obtained.
The cotton plants produced from Auguilla seed are perennial, bearing crops
constantly, which can be gathered during the whole year, and require to be cut
down but once in ^ve years, whereas "sea-island" and ''New Orleans," besides
growing but two crops in the year, require renewing much more frequently.
The average yield of cotton is four hundred pounds of clean lint per acre;
the labor of producing which, calculating at the average standard of wages
here, viz : twenty cents per day, will produce the article at eight cents per
pound.
I do not perceive any improvement in commerce. I think it is hardly in a
healthy state, and this accounts for the scarcity of American vessels entering
this port.
Annexed is a tabular statement of the imports, exports, and shipping up to
the close of December, 1864.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
91
SuUemeni showing the total value of imports and exports of the colons/ of An-
t^^ikz from and to each country during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Countries.
Imports.
Exports.
United Kingdom.
BRITISH COLONIES.
Bridik North America.
Barbadoes
St.Kitti
Dominica....
Trinidad
Montaernit
aVincent.
8tLada
Aopiilla
Jamaica .
Tobago
BemerarA
Nevis
fiermnda. ............
Grenada....
Total.
FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
United States.
Fimch colonies
Netberland colonies. .
Dnniah colonies
Swedish colonies . . . .
Hamburg....... ....
Madeira
Spanish colonies . . . .
Mexico
Total
Total to and from all conntries .
£ B. d.
70,064 17 10
11,874
30,777
2,786
1,631
769
644
561
200
417
15
20
5
6
0
0
15 2i
19 5i
13 I
13 6i
" 1
5
2
0
12
16
5
0
2 2
0 0
49,710 16 1
49,199 2 11
2,067 10 8i
1,191 2 3
2,615 12 10
2,626 7 10
1,238 3 2
58 19 10
16 13 4
59,013 12 lOi
£ 8. d.
63,613 7 4
178,789 6 9i
640
2,833
2,094
1,024
1,451
1,475
56
0
142
0
7
0
1,126
98
44
12 2i
9 6i
8 4
17 Hi
10 0
10,995 0 9i
926 15 6
1,130 19 6i
362 18 Hi
2,473 10 li
16 1
0 0
0 0
13 10
1 16
4i
0
0
0
0
4,925 11 5f
79,533 19 7i
Digitized by
Google
92
00
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ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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llll^ll
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
93
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<o
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I
I
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i
&
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^
I
I
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
94
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the number, tonnage, and crews of vessels of each nation en-
tered at Antigua during the year 1864.
NadonaUtj.
WITH CARGOE8.
IK BALLAST.
TOTAL.
No.
Tons.
Crews.
No.
Tons.
Crews.
No.
Tons.
Crews.
British
364
10
23
3
4
9
2
1
16,964
1,534
467
85
165
202
239
103
1,726
64
106
15
19
41
19
6
59
2,556
267
423
10
25
3
5
9
2
1
19,520
1,534
658
85
191
202
239
lOJ
1,993
64
United States
French ...... ........
2
191
16
m
Netherlands
15
Danish
1
26
6
25
Swedish
41
Portagaese. .----
19
Qennan ..--. ....
6
Total
416
19,759
1,998
62
i,773
389
478
22,532
2,287
Statement showing the number, tannage, and cretcs of vessels of each nation
cleared from Antigua during the year 1864.
Nationality.
WITH CARGO.
IK BALLAST.
TOTAL.
No.
Tons.
Crews.
No.
Tons.
Crews.
No.
Tons.
Crews.
British
255
5
13
4
9
5
1
1
11,361
732
348
126
414
73
108
103
1,238
30
62
23
52
18
9
6
197
2
7
1
1
2
6,582
282
124
55
120
64
804
13
39
5
6
11
452
7
20
5
10
7
1
1
17,943
1,014
472
181
534
137
108
103
2,042
43
United States
French
101
Netherlands
28
Danish
58
Swedish
29
Portuguese
9
GUsrman
6
■ >« .
Total
293
13,265
1,438
210
7,227
878
503
20,492
2,316
MAURITIUS.
Port Louis— W. R. G. Mbllbn, Qmsul.
OCTOBBR 26, ^
I have the honor to submit the foUowmg commercial report for the jear
ended September 30, 1865 :
I. — SHIPPING.
During the last nine months there have entered and cleared from Port Louis
vessels of the following nationality, with their number, tonnage, and crews :
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
ENTERED.
95
NationalitjT.
WITH CARGOES.
IN BALLAST.
No.
Toiw.
Men.
No.
Tons.
Men.
British
284
6
2
163
133,460
5,092
747
363
943
891
702
55,539
201
1,775
660
6,612
112
60
12
23
81
21
3,154
10
73
16
47
2
17,934
2,241
663
Aimniran ,. ..........
68
Anbian
Aostiiui
BelgiMi ^
Danish
Dutch
Frnich
5
2,526
81
Hfrnmn
Hanf^ TowiM .. ...... ......,.,..t«.-*.
XftTWfKnil .. . .. .»..
Bossuiii. . ..... ........................
1
547
16
fiarijinia,n
504
2:35
13
9
8wedifih
1
444
14
TotiJ
470
201, 112
10,196
56
23,692
842
Totals both with and withont cargo. ..
526
224,804
11,038
CLEARED.
British
255
2
98,440
1,204
5,051
32
69
4
1
48,329
4,176
363
2,112
American...... .... ...................
119
Am^friao
11
AT»biin *a X....... ..............
1
2
139
1
5
1
521
873
48,892
• 201
1,881
504
35
30
2,794
9
60
13
Duiish
French
16
5,184
231
German
Riuif^ Towns .,,.,.^ ..^-. ,
2
1,172
29
Italian
Ximn^nn,.,,,. ...... ................
1
660
16
PniMian. ............... ..............
1
1
1
996
547
235
21
16
9
Rowian . .......*..
Swudiih
1
444
14
Toua
409
154,294
8,070
94
60,328
2,532
Totals both with and without cargo. . .
503
214,622
10,602
The whole namber of yessels entered at this consulate during the year ended
September 30, 1865, is fifteen. Of these, six were whalers, one having entered
twice, and therefore being twice counted, seeking supplies br medical aid, and
btving on board oil to the value of $208,962. Three of the aforesaid fifteen
veaeels brougbt cargoes of American merchandise, valued at $88,209 88.
Tbree also brougbt cargoes of foreign merchandise, valued at $136,120. Three
of the aforesaid fifteen vessela were in ballast, one of which was a steamer
bound to China.
The whole namber of vessels cleared from this consulate during the jear is
twelve. Of these, six were whalers, having on board the same amount of oil
^itk which they entered. Two took away portions of their inward cargoes,
vhich did not here find a market, valued at $64,972 42. Four were in baUast,
one was condemned, and two were left in port.
Besides the fifteen vessels reported above as having entered at this consulate,
Bcsily or quite as many more, owned partly or wholly by American citizens,
voder different foreign flags, have entered this port Two of these, both owned
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
96 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
by an American house on this island, broaght cargoes of American merchandise,
valued at $33,010 46.
No Mauritius merchandise has been shipped to the United States during the
year. One small though valuable cargo from the Philippine islands, belonging
to an English schooner condemned here, was despatched to New York ; both
the schooner and the bark in which the cargo was sent forward being the
property of American citizens. It may be mentioned that since the close of
the year, one American vessel, the first since the commencement of our un-
happy war, has obtained a sugar freight hence.
11. — Exports and Imports.
Total exports of Mauritius for 1864 <3e2,249,740 3#. 5d.
Total imports for same period 2,582,979 12 4
Balance against the colony 333,239 8 11
III. — RbVBNUB and EXPBNDITURB.
Total revenue for 1864 ^£638,067 lU. l{d.
Total expenditure for 1864 602,279 0 9
Balance in favor of colony treasury 35,788 10 4}
IV. — AORICULTURB.
As is well known, the chief business of this island is agriculture ; manufac-
tures, in the generally received sense of the term, are unknown. The commerce
of the place, though very considerable, consists in the exchange of its sugar for
such productions as are needed, comprising about everything else but the single
article above named. Accordingly no little attention is paid to the subject of
agriculture, which, considering the nature of the soil, is very successfallj
prosecuted.
The island is of volcanic formation, and there are visible what are regarded
as the craters of two or three extinct volcanoes. The surface of the island is
very diversified, the scenery often picturesque and sometimes sublime. Sharp,
cuneiform mountains rise in various districts to the height of from 2,000 to 3,000
feet, while between them are fertile valleys and plains, and sometimes wild and
ragged ravines. Beside these mountainous masses of porous volcanic rock,
loose stones of the same character almost literally cover the surface of the
earth, so that to an inexperienced person it would seem nearly impossible that
any considerable crop could be grown ; and to subdue the soil ana fit it to pro-
duce requires no small amount of labor. About the only implements that can
be used for this puraose are crowbars and pick-axes. Ploughs, harrows, hoes,
and spades are unknown. So thick are the stones on a great majority of the
cane- fields that it is necessary to place them in rows, like windrows of hay,
between which, in properly prepared holes, the canes are planted. When a
crop has thns been grown, and the ground somewhat exhausted, the rows of
stones are removed to the spaces where the canes were and the canes planted
where the stones lay. But as the greater part of these loose stones are not
very large, and as those that are are easily broken, it is not so formidable a
task to remove them as might be supposed. But however difficult the prepara-
tion of the land for the crop, the soil when subdued is found to be unusually
strong and productive. Yet, good as the soil is, the planters find it for their
interest to use every means to quicken its fertility and increase their crop. Ac-
cordingly, during 1864 there were imported into the island no less than 19,239
tons of guano. Most of this was from Peru, though latterly a different kind
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
97
or, more correctly, a mixture of Peruvian and some other sort of guano, having
a larger proportion of phosphates, is preferred by some planters, and seems
likely to come into general use.
There are now 14^,609 acres under cultivation, leaving 251,056 acres un-
cultivated. Of the latter amount, however, it should be said that the greater
part of it, probably 175,000 or 200,000 acres, is so rocky and mountainous as
to forbid all attempts at cultivation. Of the 148,609 acres now cultivated,
124,795 acres are in sugar cane. The total amount of sugar shipped from the
1st of August, 1864, to the 31st of July, 18G5, on which day the crop year is
gnppoeed to end, was 260,333,051 pounds, being 16,901,526 pounds more than
the preceding crop, but 55,989,225 pounds less than the crop of 1863, which
wa? considerably the largest ever produced on this island. I subjoin a table
showing as accurately as can well be done the state of the sugar market here
duriDg the year.
Qualities.
Finest white Tacuiim pan .
Middling ,
Fine yellow
Middling
Rneffray
Good
Nos.
20
16
Present price per
I per 100 lbs.
Price during the
year.
.Siraps.
14 to I4i
12
^13 to 14
10 to 11
9 to 10
L 8to 9
$6 90 to $7 00
6 50 to 6
5 75 to
5 25 to
5 60 to
5 50
5 55 to
5 15 to
4 25 to
4 00 to
7i)
6 00
5 75
5 70
5 60
5 .35
4 50
4 25
$6 90
25
25
00
00
75
90
60
3 25
2 50
to $7 00
to 6 75
5 75
5 75
5 70
4 80
5 bO
5 35
4 00
a 25
At the present time the market exhibits a decidedly rising tendency, and
holders are firmer. There are reasons for believing that the incoming crop,
though, perhaps, less than that of 1863, will sell for more money than any pre-
vious one made. It may be remarked also that the canes for the next year now
promise remarkably well. Should there be no destructive hurricanes during
the next few months, the crop of '66 and '67 must be very large.
V. LABOR.
As 8tuted in my last year's report, the laboring population of Mauritius con-
sists almost exclusively of Indian coolies. The act authorizing the importation
of these coolies was passed in 1842, since which time they have continued to
arrive with greater or lees rapidity. On the 31st of December, 1864, there
were in the island of this class of persons : males, 157,993 ; females, 72,798 ;
total, 230,791. During the first nine months of 1865 there have arrived 13,038,
of which a larger proportion than usual have been women. Naturally, there-
fore, the ratio of births to deaths is greater than heretofore ; so that, allowing
3,000 for returned emigrants, it cannot be wide of the truth to say that there are
now in the island somewhat above 240,000 Indian coolies. Of the whole num-
W, however, only about 80,000 are engaged on the plantations ; of the remain-
ing 160,000 some find employment as domestics, some as cartmen and porters
in the town, some as gardeners, while many maintain a precarious existence but
one remove from vagabondage. The scale of wages, as arranged by the colonial
zovernment, which, however, is not obligatory upon the planters, though they
We never attempted to deviate from it, is per month, for the first year, ten
•hilling?, for the second year eleven shillings, and so on, increasing a shilling
'fcr month each year during the engagement. To these wages must be added
flirtations of the laborers, which cost the planters upon the average about
7 c R
Digitized by
^^oogle
98 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
eight Bhillings per month. The planter also has to hear the expense of intro-
ducing the laborers into the colony, which introduction is wholly under govern-
mental control, and seems, on the whole, to be very well managed. During the
last three years the expense per capita has averaged, in 1862. ^£8 6<* i^d.;
1863, d£9 Is. Q\d.; 1864, «£9 1*. OZ%d, The expense of returning to India ie
borne by the laborer, though that, being also under governmental control, is
comparatively inexpensive and healthy.
It will be seen by the foregoing remarks that labor here is exceedingly
abundant and cheap ; that in few countries is it more so. Were this not the
case, it would be irnpospible successfully to cultivate this rugged soil. Should
the supply of cheap labor ever fail, of which it must be confessed there are no
present indications, the prosperity of Mauritius would at once decline.
As having a more or less intimate relation with the same subject, it may be
stated that there are consumed in Mauritius, almost wholly by the laboring
population, no less than 75,812 bags — equal to 12,433,186 pounds — of rice
per month, or 909,746 bags— equal to 149,298,344 pounds — of rice per annum.
That the amount of tonnage required for the transportation of this grain is by
no means trifling will be recognized at once.
VI. AMERICANS IN MAURITIUS.
The census of this island for 1861 — the last taken — reports eighty-six Amer-
icans here. There are but two American lirms, one mercantile and one ship-
wright, engaged in business.
VII. PUBLIC UBALTII.
The climate of Mauritius may be regarded as more than ordinarily healthy.
Previous to the introduction of so many coolies into the island, it is believed
that few places, insular or continental, could show more favorable rates of mor-
tality. These coolies, however, taking no care of themselves, and living in the
most filthy manner, have brought with them and engendered a vast amount ot
disease, raising the rate of mortality to a very high figure. During 1864, when
no epidemic or highly contagious disease prevailed, the rate was no less than
44.8 per thousand souls.
VIII. OUR MERCaNTILK MARINE.
Though, perhaps, not wholly germane to this report, I cannot forbear, in con-
sidering it, to offer a few remarks on the above-named topic. It often happens
that the relations between master and men are far from harmonious. Complaint.*
of anJ from both the former and the latter frequently reach the consurs ears,and
require his official interposition. Masters complain of men as incompetent and
untrustworthy ; and men complain of officers as tyrannical and cruel. It is highly
probable that there are some grounds for both complaints, and quite as probable
that both are often exaggerated.
It has seemed to me that something might be done for the remedy of admitted
evils in this direction by the appointment of governmental shipping masters, the
certificate of one of whom should be necessary to the clearance of the vessel.
Such officers might do much to protect the sailer from those who fatten on his
foibles, and the owner or master from shipping an inefficient and incompetent
crew. I would also suggest that every sea-going vessel should be required to
take a certain number of apprentices, according to the ship's tonnage. Thereby
employment might be found fbr many of the homeless boys which various char-
itable institutions are now trying to aid, and in the course of a few years a bet-
ter instructed and more competent body of seamen might be raised up for our
mercantile marine. But if able and skilful men are required before the mastt
so intelligent and competent officers are demanded after it. It is sometimes said
of masters as of seamen, that they have deteriorated of late years.
Digitized by V^OOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
99
It ifl not said or insinuated that all masters are such. It is my privilege to
know those who are gentlemen on shipboard, as well as gentlemen on shore ;
* who are thoroaghlj acquainted with their profession ; who realize their respon-
libilitj; and who, while calmlj maintaining their dignity, do firmly, kindly, and
faithfully discharge their duty to both employers and employed.
From such there is seldom heard any complaints of the disobedience and nn-
tnictableness of men ; and of such do men quite as seldom complain of harsh-
Dess and abuse. They enter and leave port with nearly, often with exactly, the
«ame crew. It has appeared to me that something might be done by the enact-
ment of a statute similar to the English law, requiring masters to pass an exami-
oation, and obtain the certiBcate of a boaid of highly competent officers, before
taking charge of a ship. What should be the precise conimosition of this board
1 do not venture to suggest. This will not be found difficult to determine if
Congress shall sooner or later see fit to take action in the matter. It may, per-
haps, be assumed that there should be on the board one naval commander, one
commercial master, one merchant, and one insurance actuary, all of established
professional reputation and high personal character. And as the certificate of
this board should be necessary for the assumption of command, so itft recall or
cancellation for any flagrant professional misconduct should be within the power
of the board. To co-operate with such a board, and enforce the law, I am con-
fident that all our insurance offices, the better class of merchants and ship-
owners, as well as our best shipmasters and officers, who are aspiring to become
masters, might be relied on. And from such a law, wi.^ely administered, it is
believed that no inconsiderable good would result. Certainly it has worked
well in the British service, and no reason can be discernred why it should
not do so in ours. It can hardly be doubted that it would secure a higher
and more competent class of men for officers ; and, with such in the cabin, the
forecastle would cease to be what it too often is, a floating pandemonium.
Barbadobs — Francis Culpepper, Acting Consul,
January 0, 1865.
Statement showing the description^ quantity^ and value of exports Jrom Barha-
does /or the quarter ended December 31, 1864.
Description.
Value.
Arrow-root
barrels
13
Do
half ban els
6
Do
tierces .
50
Bnw^
. . nouDds .
3,588
10,8J8
351
Copper
do
Hidj; ...
Iron
tons .
68
Lead
..... nounds . .
19,978
2,532
77,819
2,576
97
Mol«ii«e«
Duncheons . . .
OM metals
nmiiida
lUJrs - ".-An
fM ropes
dA
SklM. 7
J , 093
Suear
hoiTsbeads ....
2
fio.. ..:::::::::::::; :::::.::::.
. tierces
5
Do
half tierces . .
1
Do
barrels ...
89
Total value
»79.286
jigitized by
100
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description^ quantity^ and value of iviports into Barba-
does for the quarter ended December 31, 1864.
Description.
Value.
Apples barrels
Beef do
Do half barrels
Bread barrels
Do baps
Beans barrels
Butter ke^s
Bucke^« dozen
Crackers barrels
Com casks
Do bags
Cheese boxes
Candles. . . « do
Carriages
Flour barrels
Fish do
Guano tons
Hoops
Hams tierces
Do barrels
Do cases
Lard tierces . - - . '
Do kegsl . . .
Lumber feet ,
Meal barrels .
Matches cases .
Merchandise packages .
Oil, meal puncheons.
cake barrels .
kerosene do...
whale , do
Onions do...
Pork.
Peas..
Do.
.do.
.do.
.bags.
Potatoes barrels .
Shooks bundles .
Shingles M.
Snuff. cases.
Tobacco hogsheads .
Do I . . kegs .
Do V cases .'
Vinegar barrels .
Total value.
10
*m
2,4(nJ
50
%7
75
3, !*>
4-2
•2, :«:»
4, 4i:»
6
17,378
90
1,6(K»
19
5
2.104
139
229, (H'O
fcl,So3
421
11
175
50
24<J
216
50
1,423
494
2,676
J, 740
13,574
2C<,(KK)
2iM
10
I'^l
16
|on,(W)
Port Stanley — {Falkland Island) — George W. Dean, Vice Consul
December 31, 1865.
Report of imports and exports during the year ended this date, viz :
c£25,000 imports, from England chiefly, including flour and giain from Cbili.
Our exports as regards seal skins are less than last year, as will be perceived.
EXPORTS.
3,000 hair seal-skins; 200 fur seal skins; 4,800 cattle hides; 300 bales of
wool ; 50 tuns whale and seal oil ; 200 tuns penguin oil.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 101
During this year there have been only thirly-eight vessels in port, princi-
pally English in distress.
St. Helena — G. Gerard, Consul,
September 30, 1865.
I iiave the honor herewith to enclose and forward to the department, in con-
formity with consular instructions, iny fourth annual report on commerce for
tie year ended September 30, 1865. Since my last report nothing worthy of
ftttention has taken place within this district affecting the commerce and ship-
ping interest of the United States, save a change in the duties of customs and
wharfage dues, payable on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the
inland as set forth by an ordinance of the governor, under date of June 20, 1865,
as follows :
ST. HELENA CI STOMS DUTIES.
*. d.
Toliacco not manufactured per, pound 0 6
Tobacco mauufactarcd, cigars, and snuff, excepting when cleared
from bond as cargo and borne on the ship's manifest 1 0
Spirits per gallon 10 0
l^or in bottles, the dozen quart bottles 0 6
Beer all other sorts, the hogshead 10 0
Wine per gallon 2 3
TABLE OP WHARFAGE AND OTHER CUSTOMS DUES.
Every pipe, puncheon, butt, cask, jar, keg, carboy, and can, of what-
ever description, of the size and measure of 80 gallons and upwards. 4 0
40 gallons and under 80 gallons 3 0
10 gallons and under 40 gallons, (except half-barrels flour) 2 0
h'^f than 10 gallons, and half-barrels flour 1 0
Every case, box, chest, trunk, bale, crate, basket, or other package
measunng GO cubic feet and upwards 12 0
Measnriug 40 cubic feet and under 60 cubic feet 8 0
Miai^uring 20 cubic feet and under 40 cubic feet 6 0
Mea:«uring 10 cubic feet and under 20 cubic feet 4 0
Measuring 3 cubic feet and under 10 cubic feet 2 0
Measuring under 3 cubic feet 1 0
Every ba^ of whatever description 1 0
Bricki*, slates, tiles, shingles, laths, and staves, per 1,000 4 0
C'^coanuts, per 1 ,000 5 0
Timber per cubic foot 0 2
0.1-cake, stoues, guano, anchors, chains in bulk, per ton, or boats per
ton measurement 2 6
C'lals and patent fuel, per ton 3 0
Homed cattle, horses, mules and asses, each 5 0
i^heep, goats, pig?» calves, each 1 0
Hwivy articles and goods not enumerated, per cwt 0 3
('jndemned vessels for demolition, with their tackle, apparel and fur-
niture, per ton measurement 1 3
All articles of every description not included in the above, each ^ 0 6
Digitized by V^OOQIC
102 ^ ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
One-balf of the foregoing wharfage dues to be charged on goods landed from
ships or vessels discharging for repairs, and on empty casks and tanks lauded
from vessels, which are to be broken up. Oil-cake, guano, copper ore, coals,
patent fuel, and sand may for convenience be landed in bags or other packages,
paying wharfage on the bulk, if so stowed, on board the importing ship.
EXCEPTIONS.
Trees, plants, shrubs, coin, empty cases, casks or tins, for the purpose of be-
ing filled for immediate reshipment on board of the same vessel from which lliey
were landed ; stores and clothing for her Majesty's service, natural curiosities,
and green fruits.
PERMITS.
s. d.
All permits for goods being landed 1 0
All permits for wines and spirits, or either of them 5 0
All permits for packing, repacking, or transferring goods in bond — . 5 0
All permits for exporting goods from the warehouse or otherwise 10
TONNAGE DUES.
A duty of one penny per ton measurement upon all merchant ships or
vessels anchoring, or having intercourse for water or other supplies,
or landing goods, or seamen for hospital treatment 0 0
WAREHOUSE RENT.
Every pipe, puncheon, butt or cask of any kind, equal in size or larger
than a pipe, per month 1 0
Every half pipe» hogshead, or other description of cask or keg equal
in size to or larger than a ten-gallon cask, and every kog, cask, ,
case, box, chest, trunk, crate, bale, or other package whatsoever,
measuring in size equal to or larger than a six-dozen wine chest,
per month 0 S
Every package, of whatever description, of a less size in measurement
than the foregoing, per month 0 4
WATER.
For every tun of water supplied to shipping 3 7
The total value of imports into the island, via England, for the past year, is
estimated at $675,500. Products of the United States, such as timber, flour,
tobacco, salt, provisions, &c., are brought here indirectly via England and Cape
of Good Hope ; it would therefore be impossible to make a separate estimate of
products thus imported.
St. Helena depends entirely on England and the United States (indirectly)
for food and wearing apparel. Everything is imported, and the supplies from Eng-
land being irregular, every article usually bears a high value in the island.
There are no price current sheets issued here.
The general revenue of this colony for the present year is estimated at
$122,900, including what is collected at the custom-house. The arrivals of
vessels of all nations in the harbor of St. Helena during the year ended Septem-
ber 30 was 928, of the aggregate tonnage of 637,705 ; of these, 53 were American
vessels, measuring 28,292 tons, many of which were laden with cargoes on
British account and bound to Europe.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 103
Tlic namber of men-of-war of all nations visiting St. Helena during the present
year was twenty-seven; among them was one from the United States.
No vessel engaged in the slave-trade was captured and brought to St. Helena
this year.
Malta — W. Winthrop, Consul,
JuLV 6, 1865.
I have the honor to make my thirtieth annual report. The number of Amer-
ican vessels arrived here during the year 1864 was twelve — five being ships
and seven barks, and all of 9,033 tons burden.
During the twelve months there were several arrivals at this port of vessels
onder foreign flags, (chiefly English,) which brought valuable cargoes from the
United States, while others, heavily laden with eastern produce, touched at this
island, on their way to America. *****
Our tobacco trade did not diminish at all during the last year ; for in every
vessel, whether coming direct from the United States or via Gibraltar, this very
important American product formed a chief part of her cargo.
The importance of this market for our tobacco trade is best shown when
stating that, tliroughout the whole time, while our country was shaken by civil
war, the imports were very nearly or quite as large as in former years.
Malta, in a word, is the great depot for our tobacco in this part of the Medi-
terranean, and it is from this island that supplies are furnished for the coast of
Barbary, for Sicily, Egypt, and the Levant, either by fair shipments or In con-
traband speculations.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
104
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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Digitized by
^^oogle
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
105
Statement showifig the number and nationality of steamers arrived at Gibraltar
during the year ended September 30, I860.
§5
Y(rsr» nod uionthft.
S
I
1 16^
O bD
a
I
!l , S
1864.
(^CfYft-T 73 '
V vi-iQb*r 95
l*n>mber 90 '
1S65. I
Jsrr.ary 09
Fri.Tiarv 79 |
-M;irfh..r 101
.^j'-il 74
MaV 80
Jiuf P9
Ij^ I 83
.\a:riM 58 !
S'liifinber 56
Total 983
I
8 .
10 I
6
7 I
3 I
26
•2o
30 I
29
1 !•
1
M
2
1
1
r
.....
3
1
1
3
3 !
3
1
2
1
6
69 ; 268 i
19 I
1 '........'
1 ....'....i
3 1 ....;
I
1 ;....'....!
1 '
1 -::::::!
11 , 1 2 I
l\
J!
1
1 ,
1|..
-I-
' I " I ' I
110
135
13L
131
114
145
103
126
131
129
74
75
13 I 7 1 ' 1,404
Capetown — W. Graham, Consul,
December 31, 1864.
PrcTious to the fall in American paper money, as compared with gold, four
^hillings sterling were computed as equal to one dollar at the custom-house, and
the duties were collected at that rate; but after the relative fall in the paper
currency importers insisted on having their consignments valued according to
tljo inflation of the paper money. This was for some time assented to, and a
Collar was in some instances computed as equal to only one shilling and nine-
pence; but recently the collector has fixed the yniniinum value of the paper
d'^llar at two shillings and threepence.
November 18, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit the following statistics in relation to American
cnmmerce and navigjition in British South Africa for 1864-*65, collated from the
Blue Book of the colony for 1864, and the customs returns, in the government
Giizi'tte, for the first nine months of 1865, with other general information of
inten':»t to Americans :
Tahie showing the aggregate imports and exports of Cape Colony to and from
all countries for the year 1864.
Imports. Exports.
InitHl Kingdom .£1 , 776, 823 £1, 626, 542
< )ilier countries in Europe 42, 420 46, 492
British pssessions in Africa 159, 404 218, 628
Other places in Africa 7, 124 13, 318
British colonies in Asfe 125, 316 49, 451
United Sutes of America 170, 048 638, 510
Other countries in North America 33
^outh America 159, 462 1, 453
Total for 1864 2, 449, 630 2, 594, 394
Total for 1863 2, 275, 833 2, 224, 446
Increase in 1864 173, 797 369, 948
DTg^fzed by V^jOO^TC
106 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Imports from the United States decreased <€S,OdG in 1864, as compared with
1863; but exports to the United Stales increased c£105,029 in the same period.
The chief decrease in imports was in flour, and the chief increase in exports
was in wool. About seven-eighths of all the wool sent to America in 1864 was
shipped in the first six months of the year. The increased duties on wool, im-
posed by tariff of 1864, having been published here in June, almost completely
stopped during the year, and the first half of the present year. Very recently
several American orders have been filled, and others are being received at present.
It was the American demand for wool, skins, &c., that sustained the price here
for the last three years. American orders for grease wool were always abundant
here under the old tariff, when it was under ninepence per pound, and always
ceased when their increased number sent it up to that point.
The London market had no control whatever over the market here for tLe
three years preceding the change in the American tariff; but for the succeeding
fifteen months London has been supreme, and prices receded in consequence
from two to three cents per pound, causing heavy losses and insolvencies of the
first magnitude with great prostration of trade. Since the overthrow of the
great American rebellion and the coincident fall in the price of cotton, (with a
greater prospective fall apparent,) the position of the colony looks gloomy
enough, unless the copper minee (or gome new article of export be cultivated
to the supercedence of wool) shall restore the equilibrium between imports and
exports.
Tabic showing (he desrription and value of the Cajte Colony imports from the
United i^tates in 1864.
Agricultural implements c£13, 912
Apothecary ware 2, 237
Apparel 40
Bags 6
Baskets 38
Boats 10
Books 43
Brass manufactures 2
Breadstuffs (flour, wheat, biscuit) 85, 493
Bran 6G
Brushes 714
Butter 70S
Candles 1, 616
Carriages 5, 600
Cheese 457
Cider 22
Coals 600
Coffee 10
Cordage II
Fruit (dried) 287
Furniture 5, 215
Glass 3, 426
Guns 4
Haberdashery 50
Hardware 5, 503
Hats 77
Horse (1) 300
Hops 1. 163
Hoops and rivets 916
India-rubber goods 59
^^^ -iPzeaByA^OOgle ^^^
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 107
Jewelry c€30
Lard 926
Leather manafactures 109
Machinery •. 441
Maps 2
Meats (salted and cured) 2, 278
Masts, spars, &c 575
Music 6
Musical instruments 565
Oil (lamp) 8, 726
Oilmen's stores 4, 322
Optical instruments 124
Paints 179
Perfumery 104
Photographic apparatus 6
Railway apparatus 33
Saddlery iA*4
Seeds , 119
Ship chandlers* stores 9
Slush 3
Soap 4, 392
Specimens natural history 20
Gin 2
Stationery 167
Grindstones 158
Marhle (manufactured) 11
Sugar and molasses 704
Tallow 621
Tea. 26
Tin ware 22
Tohacco and cigars 35. 746
Toys 25
Vinegar 107
Watchmakers' materials 46
Wine (French) 8
Wood, lumber, and staves 13, 835
Total 176, 010
Tabic showing the description and value of the exports ( the production of the
colony) to the United States from Cape Colony, for the year 1864.
Aloes Jr99
Argols 490
Buchu 32
Feathers, ostrich 2, 531
Hides 543
Skins, sheep 76, 433
Skins, goat 55, 716
Skins, calf 182
Skins, wild animiils' 43
Wine 411
Wool 578, 123
Total 714, 603
Digitized by V^UUVl^
108 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Table sliowing tJic description and value of exports (not the product of the
colony) to the United States from Cape Colony in 1864.
Copper, old .€102
Cordage : 126
Iron, old 737
Meat (returned) 270
Metal composition 684
Oil (whale, from American vessels) 726
Rags 40
Ship chandlers* stores 142
Colonial productions 714, 603
Total 717, 490
Table showing the totals of imports^ entries for ronsumption, and exj?orts, f colo-
nial produce J at each port in the colony, for the first nine months of 1860, /»•
eluding East London, now annexed to the colony , with British Kaffraria.
Torts.
Imports.
Entered for con-
sum ptiou.
Exports for
colonial produce.
Cape Town
Port Elizabeth...,
Mosul Bay
Simon's Town
Port Alfred
Port Beaufort
East Loudon
Nine mouths, 1864
Do. 1865
£713,005
994, 144
19, 182
33, 353
10,650
46
62, 8(X)
1,833,186 '
1,715,712
£690, 171
973, :M7
19, 182
23,622
10,650
46
66, 809
1,783,827
1,734, 72(5
£155,>(>4
1,249,54a
2I.21»!l
40
7,550
13,794
l,448,(Ki
1,830,961
Table shoiving the number and tonnage of all sea-going vessels entered and
cleared at each port of the colony in 1864.
PORTS,
Cape Towu
Port Elizabeth.
Mosul Bay ....
8imoustown...,
Total
Cape Town ,
Port Elizabeth.
Mosul Bay ,
Simou's Town.
Total
ENTERED.
BRITISH.
FOF
LEIGN,
TounMj»'e.
42,278
9, :M)2
595
11,319
TO
No. of
vessels.
:m
208
10
49
TAL.
No. of
vessels.
289
Tonnaj^i*. J
1 V
s"o. of
I'ssels.
103
31
2
19
Tonnagrt\
134,803 '
58,615
1,278
15,675
177,0^1
J77
67,977
' 8
1,-73
30
26,994
504
210,371
155
63,554
659 1
1
273,925
21M)
CLEARED.
131,083
61,238
1,426 ..
15,390
91
27
38,740
8,513
*"io,'36.8"
:^i
2tH)
7
46
169,1^23
179
69,7ril
7
1,426
28
25,7:){^
504
209, 137
136
57,621 640
jigitizbdby V^jOOQI
266,758
^>
BUITISH DOMINIONS.
109
The uumbcr of vessels entered from the United States was thirty-six, and the
a^^regate tonnage 13,462 The number cleared for the United States was
thirty- nine, and the aggregate tonnage was 12,204.
The course of trade in all the British colonies in South Africa has been
in some degree disturbed during the present year by a border war between the
Orange River Free State and the Basuta (Kaffir chief) Moshesh, originating in
a dispute about boundaries. The war, so called, is but a series of cattle and
sheep-lifting raids, in which the Boers of this Dutch republic have had the ad-
vantage, so far, over this branch of the Kaffir family. The war has been carried
on in a very desultory manner, and promises to continue much longer unless
Cape Colony and Natal are drawn into it. But these British colonies occupy-
ing a position between the combatants and the seaboard, though they have a
lucrative carrying trade by the war, have not yet been seriously entangled.
A large quantity of coarse, burry wool was, before the war, sent to Port Eliza-
beth for shipment, and British and American goods returned in payment therefor.
The copper mines in Namagua land, at the northwest comer of Cape Colony,
Lave been more thoroughly developed during the past year, and promise a very
extraordinary yield when a short railway shall be built to connect them with
the seaboard at Hounderlip bay.
The new breakwater and docks at Cape Town are rapidly advancing towards
completion. The outer dock is finished, and the inner one will be in about a
year. Four-fifths of thq breakwater work is done and projects sufficiently
already to protect the outer dock. About one thousand men are employed on
these very important works.
No new light-houses have been erected duiing the year on this coast. Nor
has there been any change made in import duties or wharfage dues, the only
harbor dues now chargeable on foreign commerce.
There has been no direct trade between the British colony of Natal and the
United States during the year, though an indirect trade is carried on through
coasting vessels running to and from Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. The Na-
tal tariff being now lower than that of Cape Colony may cause a greater volume
of the trade of the two interior Dutch republics to pass through its territory,
and perhaps, as an incident of the increased trade of Natal, a direct trade with
America may ensue.
Crvlo.n — G. W. Pbescott, Commercial Agent,
Comparative statement sJiorcing the description and quantity of the exports at
the iiland of Ceylon during the years ended September 28, 1862, 1863, 1864,
and 1S65.
Veaw.
Coffee.
Total,
1
Cinnamon. Coconnutoil.
1
Plantation.
Native.
Trm October 1 to September iB, 1862. .
Frmj October 1 to SeptcmU-r 28, 1863..
Froffl October 1 to September 28, 1864. .
CroB October 1 to September S8. 1865. .
Cwtf.
414,298
579, 758
514,686
607,734
Ctctg. Cvm.
170. 824 585, 122
203, 635 783, 393
137, 949 652, 635
268, 363 876, 097
Lbe. 1 Ctctf.
P06, 684 95, 064
768.896 1 128,290
680,978 167,826
889,361 i 90,197
Total
2, 116, 476 ' 780. 771
2, 897, 247
3,245.919 1 481,377
Digitized by LjOOQIC
no
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
Comparative Statement — Coutinued.
Years.
Flambago.
CiPM.
36,929
40,211
75, 012
46,120
Coir.
Yarn.
i
Flbrea. '
Ebony.
Deer
Rope.
Junk.
From October 1 to September 28, 1862. .
From October 1 to September 28, 186.J..
From October 1 to September 28, 1864. .
From October 1 to September 28, 1865. .
2,935
1,871
2.821
3,520
448"
24. 917
36,154
28.045
30,831
CVrt.
2,027
896
1.235
3,296 {
8,170
11.288
10,808
41.183
i,y>4i
1.122
Total
198,272
11, 147
448
119,947
7,454 j
71, 449
3,914
Statement showing the distribution of the coffee exported from the idand of
Ceylon, from October 1, 1864, to September 1, 1865.
Whither lent.
London
Bi'lle l8le
Havre
St. Nazaire
Gibraltar for order«.
New York
Cape Town
Sydney
3Ielboume
Mauritiun
Singapore
Plantation.
Cv>t.
591.055
978
223
1,011
4.604
321
1.577
7,905
Total .
060
607, rJ4
Coffee.
Native.
Ott.
230,031
8,938
8.531
5,454
1.822
9,939
2,391
1,257
ToUL
821. (»6
9.916
8,7.^
6,465
6,4«
9,;«35»
321
1.577
10.2S6
1.237
0611
268. 363 I
876. an
Statement showing the quantity , value, and ports of destination of the plumbago
exported from Ceylon to the United States during the year ended Septanbcr
80. 1865.
Quantity.
Value.
Cwt. qr9. lbs. £,
Boi4ton I 4.404 1 6 . 5,274
New York I 5, (>33 12:} j 2,717
Total i 10,037 3 1 i 4.991 7 7
■ I
1 9
5 10
$11,006 V
12, etn (5»
23. b74 27
Singapore — Isaac Stone, Consul.
October 4, 1865.
According to instructions from the Department of State I have the honor to
transmit herewith my first annual report.
The English tropical colony of the East Indies comprises the island of Singa-
pore, the town and territory of Malacca, and the island of Penang (or Prince of
Wales Island, including the province of Wellesley.) The two latter are now
dependencies of Singapore, although they were occupied many years previous'
to that place, especially Malacca, which was conquered and settled by the Por-
tuguese more than three and a half centuries since, while Singapore was fir^t
taken formal possession of in 1819, by Sir Stamford Raffles, who was then the
governor of Bencoolen, in Sumatra.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS.
Ill
Th ' town of Singapore, on the island of the same name, is situated iu lati-
tude F 17' north and longitude 103^ 51' east. Its population is now ahout
100,000, of which 1,000 and their descendants are Europeans; the balanc!^ are
aborigines, ^lalays, Chinese (by far the most numerous class.) Klings, Javanese,
Hiodostanese, Arabs and Persians.
The island is 25 miles long by 14 broad. The northwest half is rolling and
quite broken ; the balance is level. Temperature ranges from 80^ to 83^ Fah-
renheit, day and night, during the year. It rains about five days out of every
feix, (that is, some part of each twenty- four hours ;) occasionally the mercury
stands as high as 92^ or 93° at the office in the city ; yet it has never reached
90^ At our dwelling in the country, distant a mile and a half from the city, 89^
being the highest. There are no tornadoes here, but at times frightful thunder
and lightning.
Singapore is the half-way house on the great highways between America,
Europe, and China, Australia and India, between the east and the west, the
north and the south.
The commercial prosperity of Singapore is increasing from year to year, both
in it:« imports and exports, being highly favored as it is by its position and en-
tiro exemption from all commercial imposts or taxes on trade.
The total value of imports and expoits for the commercial year of 1833 was
:in Mexican dollars) 818,740,000 ; for 1843, $27,774,000 ; for 1853, 832,575,000 ;
and for 1863, $60,085,000 ; and the gross totfil, including the ports of Malacca
and Penang, was. for the year 1833. 823,885,000 ; for 1843, 833,635,000 ; for
1853. 843,595,000; and 1863, 884,530,000.
The principal articles of imports are treasure, cotton manufactures, woollens,
l>eer, wines, arms and ammunition, iron and iron- work, copper and yellow-metal,
Irad, earthenware, canvas, flour and breadstuffs, coals, sugar, tea, camphor, cas-
sia, alum, tobacco, birds* nests, cotton, rice, pepper, coffee and gambler.
The principal articles of export are gambier, tin, sago, tapioca, black pepper ,
tortoise-shell, gutta-percha, mother-of-pearl, nutmegs, mace, camphor, wild pep-
per, gum-elastic, copper, sapan wood, sticklac, ratans, &c.
The exports to the United States are chiefly copper, pepper, gutta-p«rrcha,
rataus, tin, tea, and gambier, &c.
SfatcmcMt s?towing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels arrived at
Singapore during the year 1863.
Nationality.
No. Tonnaj^e.
Nationality.
American 86
Anhian 6
Hi'iifiaD ■ 1
Brnnui 23
( hine«t' 2
\U\i\sh 30
Hutch 279
Kn-nch 74
Hmnbur^ 58
HanoveriaD 4
Native States 29
Nonvenriftu . .
Oldeuburgh ,
Portuguese . .
Prussian
Persian
61,240
2, 504
WOO
1I,:572
. 290
7,151
70, 401
43,041 i Swedish
22,310 I British..
1,103 ,
3,181 Totnl
Spanish.
:l Siamt'se.
No.
Tonnage.
3
1,069
1
616
9
234
4
865
4
2,023
5
2,170
54
15, 549
4
2,583
608
220, 826
1,284
471,441
The number of American vessels which arrived in the year 1862 was 66; in
1^63, 86; and in 1864, 41; and during the last commercial year, to May 1,
1^5, 35.
For a comparative statement of the value of the imports and exports during
tbe years 1863-4 and 1864-/5, see following table. It will be seen by this table
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
112
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
that while the number of American vessels reported at this consulate during lie
past commercial year was only thirty-five, the value of exports to the United States
was increased Si^38,475 over the previous year, while the number of American
vessels in that year was double, which is explained by the fact that more than
half the American vessels came into this port during the past year under for-
eign flags.
Comparative statement showing the value of the imports and exports at Singa-
pore during the years 1863-4 and 1864-5, with names oj countries whence
and whither shipped.
IMPORTS.
Countries.
Great Britain ,
United States
Europe ,
Australia
Calcutta
Madras
Bombay
China
Cochiu China
Siam
Manila
Java, Rio, Bally, &c. . . .
Borneo
Celebes
Sumatra
Malayan Peninsula
British Burmah
Miscellaneous
Total
Total increase and
1863-4.
lH()4-5.
Increase.
$6, 495, 055 50 §9, 176, 575 (JO $2, 681 , 519 50
147,9:^2 50, 61,732 50
1,829,075 50 I 2,286,979 00 457,903 50
179,168 00' 175,616 00
3,571,275 50" 2,303,042 50
152,287 50 I 245, OIH 00 92,730 50
778,515 00 637,:i'')6 00
4,849,794 (K) 4,173.484 50
544, 18:i 00 629, 73<> 50 85, 553 50
1,035,784 00 1,131,775 hO 95,999 50
373,042 00 253,693 00
3,674,688 50 3, .•i28. 122 00
792,556 00 : 980,555 00 187,994 00
254,948 00 412,:128 00 157,380 00
716,238 50 ; 733,870 50 , 17,632 00
826,00550 715,804 00
1,571,757 00 2,232,880 00 661,123 00
3,943,226 00 I 3,412,525,50
31,735,532 (K) ! 33,091,093 50 4,437,827 50
I 31,735,532 00 3,082,271 00
decrease ! 1,356,561 50 1,355,5.56 50
I
EXPORTS.
Decrease.
$86,200 t«)
*3,552 (HI
1,268,23:^0(1
141, 159 IH)
676, 309 oO
119,349 W
146,566 50
110,201 yO
530, 7u6 'oO
3,082,271 CO
Great Britain $3, 885, 175 50
United States 361,244 00
Europe 254,084 50
Australia 119,528 00
Calcutta 2,823,437 00
Madras 300,882 00
Bombay 1,207,442 50
China 6,501,577 50
Cochin China 1 , 426, 913 50
Siam 1,590,187 50 .
Manila 342,236 50 ,
Java, Rio, Bally, &c. . . . 1 , 874, 813 50
Borneo... 601,8r),'S 00 i
Celebes 3k 8, 122 50 i
Sumatra 525, 873 50
Malayan Peninsula 912, 21 1 50
British Burmah ; 465, 813 50
Miscellaneous 3, 462, 326 00
$4,943,
904,
305,
128,
5,298,
250,
671,
5,779,
1,606,
2, 960,
52,
1,977,
826,
494,
457,
847,
i,o:m,
4,575,
484 50
7:^9 00
5;M 50
748 00
227 50
709 50
019 50
204 00
315 50
mi (10
.'')55 50
327 00
542 50
178 00
370 00
404 50
628 00
7G0 50
$1,058,309 00
I 543, 495 00
I 51,450 00
! 9,220 00
I 2,474,790 50
179, 402 00
1,370,413 50
ltb2,513 50
224,687 50
166,055 50
$50, 172 50
536,423 (H»
722, 373 50
289,681 IH)
568, 814 50 I .
1,113,374 50 j.
68,503 50
G4,ai7 (K»
Total 26,983,724 00 ; 33,114,289 00 7,862,525 50 I 1,731,960 50
26, 983, 724 00 1 , 731 , 960 50
Total iucreaJ^e and decrease I 6, 131,C65 00
6,130,565 00
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 113
Victoria, Vancouver's Island — Allkn Frances, Consul.
January 10, 18C6.
I bare the honor herewith to transmit the annaal report for this consulate for
the year 1865.
As will he seen by the statement of the vessels entered and cleared at this
port for the year 1865, as compared with 1864, there is a decrease of 244, and
io tonnage of 23,859 tons; of vessels entering and vessels clearing of 218, and
la tonnage 24,765. This falling off has been owing in part to depression in
busioess consequent upon the partial failure of the gold mines of British Colum-
bia in 1864, and the enforcement of the law by the collector of customs for the
Paget Sound district, prohibiting vessels under thirty tons carrying dutiable
goods into Washington Territory. This restriction has been the cause of a
nnmber of vessels being transferred from American to British subjects. This
depression in business commenced to be seriously felt here in the summer of
1864, and trade has been declining ever since. At least on^-half of the mer-
chants in British Columbia and in this colony have suspended business, or have
been broken up and forced into bankruptcy during the last eighteen months.
The imports from the United States (California, Oregon, and Washington
Territory) in 1864 amounted to $2,075,715 ; in 1865 to 81,687,903, a decrease of
$387,812.
The imports from Great Britain in 1864 amounted to $1,411,809 ; in 1865 to
$952,584, a decrease of $429,225.
Among the imports from the United States in 1865 were beef cattle to the
value of 8114,802; mutton, 851,649; bacon, $53,407 ; butter, $87,812 ; flour,
>2o3,745; oats, wheat, and barley, $35,889; hay, $11,850. and liquors, $22,824.
The value of liquors imported from Great Britain in 1865 was $270,696.
The exports from this port to the United States in 1864 amounted to $391,1 22 ;
in 1865, $365,058, being a decrease of $26,064, as compared with 1864.
The exports of the products of Vancouver's island and British Columbia,
coal, furs, hides, lumber, and cranberries, amount to a small sum, the main
business of the merchant being the re-exportation of goods received from Great
Britain, and supplying miners.
The shipment of gold from this port during the past year amounted to
S2,067,061 30 against $2,784,226 41 in 1864, a decrease of $717,165 11.
On the opening of the mining season in the spring of 1865 there was every
indication that it would be a prosperous one, but after the lapse of a few weeks
the floods came, sweeping away locks and dams, filling and caving in shafts and
tunnels, and destroying expensive flumes, thus throwing mining operations back
well nigh to the close of the season. This result of gold mining in British
Columbia for the year 1865 has proved disastrous to that colony and to the
prt»?perity of Vancouver's island. It is estimated that 2,000 adventurers went
to the British Columbia gold mines during the last year, and that at most only
one-half remained ; the other crossed the country to Idaho Territory.
It may be mentioned as a drawback to mining in British Columbia that the
colonial government imposed an export tax of 2 J per cent, on all gold taken out
of the mines, besides a mining license of $5, and a rental tax of $5 per month
more, with tolls on all the roads and bridges leading to mines, on men, animals,
food, &c., and an ad valorem tax of 12 per cent, on the value of all imports
entering the colony. These measures were regarded as burdensome by the
miners, and resulted in driving and keeping away large numbers.
l)uring the past year the government of British Columbia sent out exploring
«ud prospecting parties, and towards the close of the season it was officially an-
nounced that new and rich gold-fields had been discovered in the Bridge river
^ Big Bend countries, which created considerable excitement. The Big Bend
8 C R
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
114 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
country is represented as abounding with rich placer diggings, and the mines of
Bridge river are similar to those of Cariboo, deep diggings and coarse gold.
Much confidence is manifested in the extent and richness of the gold-fields of
the Big Bend country. All accounts agree as to its being a more desirable
mining region than that of Cariboo, the mining season being longer, and the land
well adapted to the necessaries of life, and easier of access. The Big Bend
country is situated between 51^ and 52^ north latitude, and 117° and 119^ of
longitude, about 160 miles north of Fort Colville, in Washington Territory.
The distance from this place to the Big Bend country is computed at 409 miles,
and that it can be reached in six days from Portland, Oregon, G67 miles.
Recent accounts from the mines are very exciting, diggings shallow, and yielding
from twenty to thirty ounces of coarse gold per day to the hand. Up to the
Ist December the weather is represented as having been very mild, and it is
calculated that the mining season will average eight months in the year.
The gold-field discovered in 1864, near this city, though still worked, has not
proved remunerative. About $75,000 was taken off it the past season.
COAL.
Explorations during the past year have demonstrated that Vancouver*s island
abounds in extensive coal-fields. But one, however, is being successfully worked.
This is situated at Naniamo, about eighty miles from Victoria. From this
mine shipments are made to San Francisco, and pay a good profit. The coal i?
soft, highly bituminous, and answers admirably for steam purposes. British
war vessels and those of the United States happening in these waters, and
wanting coal, as well as the steamers in the merchant service, get supplies from
those mines.
There have also been discovered on Queen Charlotte's island several beds of
anthracite coal, which have been tested here and in San Francisco, and found to
be equal to the best Pennsylvania. Efforts are now being made to work these
mines the coming season.
It is known that coal equally as good, if not better than that found ou this
island, abounds in Washington Territory ; but for the want of that encourage-
ment which is given by the colonial government in granting donations of land
to those who will successfully develop and work the mines, they may discover
the coal-fields of our own territory are lying dormant, and our war and merchant
steamers are necessarily dependent upon foreign coal.
COPPER MINING.
The amount of money expended on this and Queen Charlotte's island in
searching for copper mines during the past two 3'ears is estimated at half a mil-
lion of dollars, and the result has been that no well defined and profitable lead
has been discovered ; and, for the present, copper mining has been abandoned.
AGRICULTURB.
The decline of commerce, the absence of any emigration, the decrease in the
yield of the gold-fields, and the general depression in business during the last
two years have prostrated this branch of industry. Improved farms on this
island the past season have been sold for less than half the cost of improvement*.
The colonial government, in order to foster and protect the farmer, proposed a
law levying duties on the following agricultural productions : For every invoice
of potatoes, $5 ; for every invoice of turnips, carrots, cabbages, or other roots or
vegetables, $2 50 ; for every bend of beef, $4 ; for every sheep, SI 50 ; and for
every horse, S5.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS. 115
MANlfFACTURINU,
i-i with Other industries, during the past year was almost entirely suspended.
I >f the three foundries and machine shops and one boiler manufacturing estab-
]i?hment, but one — a foundry and machine shop — was in operation. In building
ve5«el:? nothing was done. The dredging machine and appurtenances built in
ISG4, at a cost of -S90,000, are now lying idle, having been condemned as useless.
VICTORIA IMPROVBME.NTS.
Daring the past year but few buildings were erected in Victoria. Rents and
ri al estate have depreciated more than one- half. Instead of having a population
of seven ox eight thousand, as in former winters, now it has not half that num-
ber. Formerly three steamers a month arrived from San Francisco, now the
only communication with that port is by sailing vessels.
It is estimated that there are between five and seven thousand white inhabit-
ants on Vancouver's island, three-fourths of whom reside in Victoria. The
number of Indians on the island is estimated at 18,000. The total amount of
bn.«iness transacted during the last six months ended December 31, as shown by
the trades license roll, was 82,122,892. The number of names on the roll is 522.
Id 1865 the expenses of the colonial government were $385,000. The colo-
nial parliament has been in session over two months. The matter of reducing
the expenses of government and the number of officials has been under discus-
sion for some time, and is likely to be accomplished. The repeal of the law of
miprisonment for debt, and the passage of a homestead law, are measures urged
by the people and favored by the members of the colonial parliament.
The estimates for the current expenses of the government of Vancouver's
island, as laid before Parliament by the governor, for the year 1866, are $193,895^
and the estimated revenue is $206,376.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
New Westminster, situated about eighteen miles above the mouth of Fraaer
river, is the seat of government for British Columbia, and contains a white pop-
ulation of between 800 and 1,000. On the Frazer, above New Westminster, are
several towns of more or less importance — Hope, Yale, Lytton, Littoct, and
Douglass. Lighc-draught steamers, during the rainy season, ascend the Frazer for
the distance of 1^5 miles.
It is estimated that British Columbia contains a resident white population of
between six and seven thousand, and Indians to the number of 32,000. Gold
mining, some little agriculture, and furs are the leading interests of the colony.-
The principal mining region has been Cariboo, 800 miles from New Westminster.
In 1862 the reported richness of these gold mines attracted some 15,000 adven-
turers; a large majority of whom returned penniless. Evidences, however, of
the richness of these mines are demonstrated every season. They are termed
deep diggings ; shafts 80, 100, and 150 feet in depth have been stmk before
striking the bed-rock, on reaching w^hich from five to ten thousand dollars per
^j for days and weeks together have been taken out of some of tliem, whil&
cithers would not even yield the ** color." These diggings require an extensive
capital, which few miners possess, and therefore have been neglected for the last
two years. Ten or twelve claims only were worked succensfully last season.
The wagon-road to these mines has been completed, and goods and provisions
vere abmidant last season and sold at reasonable prices.
The discovery of new gold-fields in Bridge river country — only about three
'i*y»* travel from Victoria — is attracting considerable interest. They are lo*
W<d forty or fifty miles inland from the Frazer river.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
116 ANNUAL REPOKT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The gold-fields of the Big Bend country — to reach which facilities are now
being pushed forward — will be the region uf the greatest attraction the coming
season ; two hundred miners now, in winter, are working in these diggings, and
recent intelligence confirms all that has been reported in relation to their richness
and extent.
There is one extensive saw-mill at Buzzard inlet in this colony, which has been
doing a large buEincsa during the past year in shipping lumber and spars to Eng-
land and China. Another mill of greater power and dimensions is being erected
at the same inlet.
The colonial parliament of British Columbia is now in session. The acting
governor has recommended the repeal of the export tax on gold, as well as other
measures directly and indirectly connected with the mining interests of the colony,
which are believed will invite adventurers and restore prosperity to the colony.
The value of the gold taken out of the mines of British Columbia in 1865, on
which an export tax of 2J per cent, was collected, amounted to $2,023,032.
The aggregate value of imports into the colony for the three months ended the
25th of December last, and principally designed for the Big Bend country and
shipped from this* port, was —
Flour $42, 721 00
Dry goods 33, 022 S2
Rice 18, 338 45
Liquors 12, 215 64
Clothing 11. 970 34
Sundries 167, 968 10
28G. 236 35
The following are the only items which have transpired of receipts and ex-
penditures for the year 1SG5:
Road tolls collected $80, 025 00
Gold export tax 50, 575 80
Customs duties 42, 665 4o
Tonnage dues 4. 723 90
177, 990 1'*
Expended in repairing roads 49, 069 30
Net revenue from roads 128, 920 S'>
FISHERIES'.
In the spring of 1865 two vessels were fitted out at this port and several at
San Francisco for cod fishing in Ochotsh sea. Those from this port returiieil
late in the season laden with a superior quality of fish, and reporting extensive
banks in that quarter of the world. The coming season will find a large fleet
of vessels engaged in this new and profital le enterprise. The fish were sold in
this port at SIO per cwt.
Salmon and halibut are very fine and abundant in all the waters bordering
this part of the Pacific coast, and yet there is not an established fishery to hv
found.
TELEGRAPHIC.
The work of constructing the llusso-American telegraph line through Briti^b
Columbia towards Sitka was vigorously pushed forward last season. It lias
Digitized by V^OOQIC
BRITISH DOMINIONS 117
been completed for a distance of 425 miles. The surveying and exploring ex-
pedition connected with this enterprise, consisting of one steamer and three sail-
log vessels, that sailed for the Russian coast last season, have returned to San
Fraocisco, reporting favorably as to the practicability of connecting this with
the easteni continent by means of submarine cables.
The telegraph line from Portland, Oregon, was completed to New West-
minster in April, 1865, passing through Olympia, the capital of Washington
Territory, and from thence along the eastern shore of Puget sound and the
jsrulf of Georgia to New Westminster, forming a telegraphic communication with
ibe United States military stations of Fort Vancouver, Steilacoom, and Fort
fiellingham, and will be completed to this place the coming spring by three sub-
marine cables, connecting the islands of San Juan, Lopez, and Fidalgo with Van-
foiiver. This line has been constructed by the California State Telegraph
Company, and is a connecting link in the great Russo -American telegraph
f^Rierprise.
NAVAL.
The harbor of Esquimalt, three miles from this port, is used as a naval station
iiv the British fleet. A company has been formed in London, with a capital of
vjOO.OOO, for the purpose of building dry docks in the harbor, and it is expected
-iH-ir con?tniction will be commenced the coming season.
THE INDIANS.
During the past year the Indian tribes of Vancouver's island and British
iMumbia have been peaceably disposed among themselves, and the adven-
tarous white man has been permitted to explore and prospect tlie country without
mnlestation.
The Indian tribes of this island invariably reside on its const, and subsist
principally on fish and oil At the proper season they make a business of
i-Mtching the dog-fish, the seal, shark, and sometimes a whale, saving their oil in
-kins and bladders, which they barter to white traders for blankets and trinkets.
>ince the introduction among them of whiskey their decadence has been marked
and very rapid. Tribes that, a few year.^ since, numbered one and two thousand
dwindled down to as many hundreds. The small-pox, also, in several localities,
li.i? carried off whole tribes. ^
Scattered along the coast of British Columbia are several powerful tribes of
Indians, who are more or less under the control of the agents of the Hudson's Bay
'-"rapany. These are termed Northern Indians. Some of these Indians are
n-ariy white, generally tall, and well-proportionefl, and display considerable
•ksll and ingenuity in the construction of their canoes, in the manufacture of
-:lvr*r rings and ornaments, in painting, and sculpture. They sometimes visit
tliM part of the coast in canoes made from a solid tree, a single canoe containing
100 to 150 of them. Some of these tribes have made considerable progress
tnvarda civilization through the instrumentality of Protestant and Catholic mis-
^'.'maries, and have cultivated fields, as well as established schools, churches,
And wholesome police regulations. The sea-otter, silver and black fox, bear,
^nd marten are taken by these Indians in great numbers, and form an important
»d valuable trade with the Hudson's Bay Company.
The Indians of the interior of British Columbia are docile, indolent, and stupid.
They reside in small bands on the shores of the numerous lakes and streams, and
nhnH on fish and such wild game as are easily taken. Formerly, the Hudson's
% Company had flourishing and profitable trading-posts in their country, but
ihf adventurous white man has so corrupted the Indians' habits and pursuits
■hat they have nearly abandoned taking furs, and many of the posts of the
ttmipany are now unoccupied and going to decay. No efforts are being made
•^improve their condition. Like the tribes of Vancouver's island, jthey are
'%frnerating and their numbers diminishing yearly. Digitized byV^OOQlC
118 ANNUAL UKPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
RKSOURCKS, PROSPECTS, ETC.
The resources of Vancouver's inland and British Columbia are mainlv
mineral and timber. The explorations of this island have been limited and
superficial, and yet several gold-fields have been discovered, which indicate
extensive deposits of this precious metal. Copper indications and ore (though
generally diffused in the primitive rock cropping out all over the island) seem
to warrant the belief that at some future day copper mining would be made
profitable. The coal-fields discovered on the island are numerous ; but one.
however, is being worked, and that is contiguous to a good harbor. The shore:*
of the innumerable bays, harbors, and inlets of the island are covered with the
best uf fir timber, and accessible for the largest ships. The same may be said
of the neighboring islands. The area of the agricultural lands on this island is
comparatively small. Its surface is rocky and mountainous ; the soil yellow
clay and gravel, covered by a thin vegetable mould, which soon wears out.
British Columbia has a sea-coast of between nine hundred and a thou^^and
miles. Several arms of the sea extend inland from forty to one hundred and
twenty mtles. The shores of these aims, with the exception of now and then
a small plateau, are precipitous, rocky, and mountainous The coast is fringed
with large numbers of islands, bays, inlets, and harbors. Pine, fir, and cedar
of immense size and height arc found on the const. But little attention, other
than to gold, has been given to the minerals of British Columbia. Not one
tithe of the country has as yet been explored. Silver, copper, lead, and coal
have casually been found in several localities. The silver ore assays as rich as
any on the Pacific coast. The copper, lead, and coal leads are well defined and
begin to attract notice. The face of the country is diversifi(,'d, rugged moun-
tains and hills forming its most prominent feature. The arable lands lie in
small bodies, at the foot of the mountains and hills, and on the banks of rivor>
and creeks, the soil being a dark loam, producing by irrigation tine crops.
Combined with the enumerated resources of Vancouver's island and British
Columbia are their undeveloped fisheries, which of themselves, properly man-
aged, cannot fail of being a source of immense wealth.
But, with all these advantages and sources of prosperity, the colonies of Van-
couver's island and British Columbia, for the last two years, have been retrograd-
ingin population, enterprise, and wealth. The restoration of peace in the United
States has and will, in some measure, retard the growth and prosperity of this
part of the Pacific coast. The announcement of these glorious facts wa^ the
prelude for returning to the United States of between four and five hundred of
their disloyal citizens', who resorted to this* part of the world to be out of the
way.
It is a fact, patent and almost universally acknowledged, that but for the
adventurous spirit and enterprise of Americans these colonies would have re-
mained in comparative obscurity. Through their explorations, toils, and enttr
prise they discovered and developed the gold-fields of British Columbia, con-
structed steamers, roads, aiid bridges to reach them, gave the country its reputa-
tion, when at last a horde of inexperienced men, as officials, were despatched
from the mother-country to the colonies, aiid onerous laws are made and enforced,
which drive the toiling and persevering miners out. of the country. At the
present time a most depressing state of things exists in these two colonies'.
Especially is this the case in Vancouver's island, and, without some radical
change in the status of the colonies, but little prospect of improvement can bt*
looked for in future.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BBITI8H DOMINIONS.
119
Comparative statement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels
entered and cleared at Victoria, V, L, for the years 1864 and 1865.
ENTERED.
Nationality.
! ,
' No.
... 480
19
.. 883
3
1
1
1864.
Tons.
1
No.
325
15
790
7
1
865.
Tons.
Increase.
No. Tons.
1
Dec
No. '
155
4
93 ;
rease.
Tons.
United States
90,956
8,975
84,759
1,205
631
248
72,373
7,059
79, 320
2,240
380
1
18,583
1 916
Britbh
::::::':::::::'i
Britiflh. Colonial. .
5 439
Russian
X^aniftb ..... .
4
1,035 1
251
Xorweirian . - - .
1
1
248
German
2
2
1
1,104
358
81
2
2
1,104 1
U. S. of Colombia
Chile
] 81 1
i
Total
.. 1,387
1
>r 1865..
186,774
1,143
162,915
9
2,578 1
1
253 ,
9
26,437
2,578
Total decrease ft
244
23,859
1
CLEARED.
United States
' 439
87,910
7,734
86,984
1,205
631
248
314
14
809
6
1
69,412
6,676
80, 124
1,812
380
1
125 1
2 '
98 !
18,498
1,058
British
...., 16
.-..1 907
3
. - - . 1 1
1
... I .
•
British. Colonial. .
6,860
RnRsian
=^1
607
Diuush
251
Norwegian
(reriTMin - - - ,
1
ll
1
248
2
2
1 1
1,104
358
81
2 -
2 1
1
1,104
:558
81
r. S. of Columbia ! '
Chile
1 1
Total
Total decrease
...1,367,
i
for 1 1865..
184,712
1,149 1
i
159,947
H
2, 150
226 '
8 1
218 '
26,915
2, 150
24,865
1
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120
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement s/unoing the value of imports and exports from Victonay
V, I., ivith tJie names of the countries and ports whence imported and exported ,
for the years 1864 and 1865.
IMPORTS.
Whence
imported.
1864.
1865.
Increase.
Decrease.
Smd FrAncisco ............ ...... ......
$1,635,272
163,:>20
277, 123
1,411,809
71,563
19,836
$1,284,687
181,160
222,056
982,584
73,071
93,678 :
4,700
3<s 198
3,7-22
1,115
$350,585
AHtoria. 0 -- -
$17, 840
Port Angeles, W. T
Great Britain
55 067
429 225
British Columbia -
1,508
73,842
4,700
36, 198
3.722
1,115
Sandwich Islands
San Juan island
China.
Valparaiso
Society islands
Total
5,578,lh23
2,9<h>,871
2,902,871
138,925
•^34, ^67
n 1 865
Total decrease ]
2,676,052
EXPORTS.
Whither exported.
San Francisco
Astoria
Port Angeles, W. T
Mexico
Society islands
Silkat, Russian America.
Sandwich Islands
Total .
Total increase of exports in 1865.
1864.
$277,514
70, 690
42,918
11,943
403, 065
1865.
$254, 878
75,417
34,763
1,432
1,870
14,834
73,662
456, 856
403,065
53,791
Increase.
$4,7-27
1,432
1,870
14,834
61,719
84,582
Decrease.
$22,636
8,155
30,791
Comparative statement showing the value of gold shipped from Victoria, V.
/., for the years 1864 and 1865.
1^4.
1865.
By express companies and British banking companies . .
$2,784,226 41
$2,067,061 30
Decrease
717,165 11
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRERCH DOMINIONS.
121
Comparative statement showing the quantitt/ and value of coal shipped from
Vancouver's Island during the years 1864 and 1865.
Tons.
Value.
INCREASE.
Tons. Value.
Jn64
29,069
32,818
$174,414
196,908
t
\rS^
3,749 1 «i22,494
Comparative stafcment showing the total exports and imports into Victoria,
F. J., during the years 1864 and 18G5.
Imports
Exports
ExceRfl of imports .
1864,
t;3,578,923 00
3,361,705 41
217,217 59
1865.
$2,8:53,021 00
2,720,825 30
112,195 70
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
Paris — John Bigblow, Consul,
January 12, 1865.
The aggregate declared value of the merchandise shipped from this consular
district lor the past six months, as derived from the invoices filed in my
office, 18 23, 037, 370. 37 francs.
The aggregate for the corresponding six months of
1863 was 57, 525, 868. 00 "
Showing a falling off of 34, 488, 497. 63 "
And for the first six months of 1864 of 37, 788, 227. 82
The decline has been the largest in fancy and miscellaneous articles ; jewelry,
wiDcs, and musical instruments, some 75 per cent. The falling off in dry goods,
porcelain, glass, leather, chemicals and perfumery, has been about 60 per cent. ;
in hatters' goods, bronzes, flowers and feathers, gloves, clocks and watches, at
the rate of 50 per cent. In books, paper, and engravings, there has been no
marked change.
The rate of exchange between the United States and France has, no doubt,
had its effect in decreasing importations, but I am persuaded that there has
been no such difference between the actual amount of goods entered into the
United States during the past six months and the previous six months of 1864
as the statement herein indicates. It is to be feared that a large amount of
merchandise which, under the old tariff, went through my office, now enters
without any consular certificate — in other words, is smuggled.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
122
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Havrb — James O. Putnam, ConmL
Fkbruary 10, 1865.
Enclosed I have the honor to submit the annual statement of imports into the
port of Havre for the year 1864.
It will be perceived from this statement that petroleum oil is now the principal
article of importation from the United States, and, from the steadily increaeiog
demand, that it bids fair in a few years to vie in importance with the great
southern staple, cotton.
The great and constant fluctuations in the prices of cotton and sugar daring
the last six months have produced at this port a serious commercial crisis.
Several very large failures liave already occurred, and there are apprehensions
in relation to other houses.
In consequence of the large stock of sugar on hand and the absence of a cor-
responding demand, a very great fall in this article has taken place, and it is
stated that refiners here will be compelled to close their establishments. In
fact, the commercial aspect of affairs is most discouraging.
The supply of cotton for the manufacturers is now nearly all drawn from
England, three-fourths of which are the product of British India.
The French well understand the disadvantage under which they labor, and
have endeavored to establish a direct trade with all cotton -growing countries,
but have utterly failed. During the period above mentioned forty -nine vessels,
only, have arrived from India, and only fourteen cleared from French ports for
that part of the world. Accompanying this despatch is a comparative state-
ment of the imports of cotton into Havre for the years 1862, 1863, and 1S64.
The French government some time since removed one of the great drawbacks
to the increase of its shipping by permitting the nationalization, at a moderate
duty, of foreign-built vessels. The result, however, has not realized public ex-
pectation. The following is a resume of the purchase by France of foreign
wood-built, sea-going vessels for the first six months of the year 1864, as com-
pared with the corresponding period of the preceding year :
1864.
1863.
Where from.
I Tons.
Great Britain ' 2,689
Belflrium \ 483
Italy 334
United States 2,178
Total j 5,684
Value in
francs.
1,363,680
Tons.
128
1,816
1,944
Value in
francs.
4,666,561)
Statement skoicing the tonnage of iron-huilt vessel* nationalized by France for
the first six months of the year 1864.
1864.
1863.
Where from.
Tona.
Great Britain ! 3,334
Belgium I 39
Italy 1 246
Total 1 3,619
Value in
francs.
Tons.
1,889
T
Value in
francs.
2,598,442 1,889
_>igitee44'X^^OOQ4^
1,356, 30*2
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
123
It will be seen that Great Britain is the largest seller of tonnage to this couu-
trj. The French have been selling as well as buying vessels ; and it is now
stated that iron vessels can be bnilt cheaper in France than in Great Britain,
owing to the lower rate of wages paid to workmen and the facility of procuring
materials. It is, therefore, probable that ship-building in France, for foreign
countries, will considerably increase.
Comparative statement showing the tonage of French- built sea-going vessels
iold to foreigners, during the first six months of ISSi and 1863, together with
the names of the countries to which the same were transferred.
Names of countries where sent.
1864.
1863.
I
Tons.
Great Britain I 492
Belgium j 53
Other countries 5,436
Total i 5,981
Value in
francs.
Tons.
26
853
741,840
879
Value in
francs.
88,320
The foregoing tables and figures are very encouraging to French ship-build-
ers, and show that while the purchase of vessels by France has hardly more
than doubled, the sale of French-built vessels has increased more than eight-fold.
These favorable results, together with the great increase of French trade since
the treaty of 1860 with Great Britain, have convinced the French government
that the still remaining restrictions are highly prejudicial to the increase of its
shipping, and a superior council of commerce, composed of the most eminent
commercial men connected with French commerce, has been instituted, to in-
vestigate the subject.
The following is a translation of an article which lately appeared in the
*• Avenir Commercial," of Paris, giving the conclusions arrived at by the council :
"After long and serious discussions we are assured that the council adopted
the resolution that the entrance, free of duty, of materials employed in the
building and fitting out of ships should be permitted by law. Also that six
mouths after the carrying into effect of such law, ships built and fitted out in
foreign countries shall likewise be admitted free. The double question of differ-
ential duties on foreign flags and on goods in bond gave rise to a most interesting
discussion. After that debate, the council adopted the resolution that differ-
ential duties on foreign vessels ought to be abolished within a period not ex-
ceeding three years. After the abrogation of these duties, those on entrepots
should likewise be abolished ; after which assimilation of flags would be com-
plete. In concurrence with the minister of finance, who was consulted as to
the possibility of repealing tonnage dues, it was decided that the exemption from
those dues which Marseilles has exclusively enjoyed since 1816 should be ex-
tended to all the ports of France. All other questions, we believe, have been
solved in the same liberal spirit, and we entertain the conviction that the gov-
ernment will try to accomplish all the reforms of which the superior council of
commerce has traced the programme.
"The original resolution relative to the nationalization in France of foreign
^hips, I learn, has been modified, and the superior council of commerce has
decided since that, instead of admission free of duty, such vessels shall pay
two francs per ton."
I have been informed that a bill will be brought forward by the imperial
Digitized by
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124 ANKUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
government in the next session of the Corps Legislutif for carrying into effect,
as soon as possible, the latter part of the candle's recommendations as con-
tained in the foregoing translation, but that the one in connexion with the ad-
mission free of duty of foreign vessels will be omitted, or, at least, will not be
proposed for some time, in order that the French shipping interest may prepare
for the foreign competition which awaits it.
As these different recommendations of the superior council of commerce, from
all I can gather, will eventually become law, I have thought it my duty to com-
municate them, and more particularly, as, in that happy event, our American
^hip-builders and timber merchants would be able to compete favorably with
Great Britain in selling vessels and ship- timber to this country.
The only commercial event of local interest which has transpired during the
past year was the inauguration of the French line of steamers between this port
and New York.
As a matter of some importance to American shipping I beg to state that the
Peruvian government, through its minister at Paris, has recently concluded an
arrangement with that of France by which guano, from the 15th day of January
last, can be sold in this country for 310 francs per ton instead of 325, as formerly,
and the French government on its part has consented that, from the same date,
the duty on that article, in foreign bottoms direct from Peru, shall be eighteen
francs instead of thirty, as heretofore, while imports from Peru in French vessel?
will continue to be free. Still this reduction of the duty on foreign vessels
engaged in this trade will once more enable American vessels to participate
in this branch of the carrying trade, of which, in former days, they enjoyed a
monopoly.
12,161 emigrants have embarked at Havre for New York during the vear
1864.
Statement showing the description and quantity of tmports into Havre from thf
United States during the several quarters of the year 1864.
Descripti
ion. Ist
1
1
quarter.
2d quarter.
3d quarter. 4th
quart«.T.
126
2,732
""577*
Total.
Cotton
Tobacco
Do
Tallow
Do ,
bales. 1
hhds-
bales.
casks.
...pounds.
. ..barrels -
...pounds.^
sacks.
....hhds.,
. . . barrels . '
do...
....do...,
do...
do.......
l,4tK) 1
J,3CK) 1
""4,"2S0'i
12,ftV2
2,(5^ !
73,695
2,847 ;
26 '
1,269 '
203
2J,165
32
1,879 j
215 ;
i,'946*
870
1,371
30
877
4,340
5,(k^"^
3(1
7,6s)
12,8.VJ
Lard
Do
7,814 1
3,646
1,359 '
i5,:io<>
73,69.')
Quercitron bark.
Do
Potash ,
Pearlash
Oil, petroleum ..
whale
coal
3,:553 1
125 j
966 '
65 1
2, 000 .
382 :
1
855 ;
134
875
294
45,833
6,733
1,288
63
813 1
217
34,106
129
8,34:1
3,92:j
779
103,104
7,:K6
177
cod liver. ..
1
cases .
...... ......j
.... - 1
e
Jewellers' dust .
Sugar
...barrels.,
. .. .casks. ... .
383
210
111
229
1,404
. cases
' 1
1
5,403
Do
hhds. ...
:::::::::!
415
Do
tierrps-
1
1
40
Sewing machines -.
233
Whalebone
Haras
Do
Wax
.packages.'
casks . 1
cases .
....do
166 i
20
6 ,
244
^.
..-.1
96,
217 ;
1,025
2
1,531
271
6
245
Coflee
. - . . sacks . 1 . . . .
1
1
11,578
Alcohol ,
1
i
59
Sausag^e-skins..
Flour
. . - barrels
do........
15 1
103 1
20 ; 25
16:^
6 170
FBENCH DOMINIONS.
125
Statement — Continued.
Description.
Oare
Coffee casks.
Do packages.
PiDC apples, pres^rvM . cases .
Bristles barrels.
Do bales.
lodia-nibber shoes . . cases .
Wine do
Hemp , bales.
Ci^an cases.
Staves packaees
Do namber
Palm leaves packages
Beef, salted barrels
Fish eggs do. . ,
Moss bales
Hides
Wool bales
Grease casks
Wheal sacks
Chrome ort' barrels -
Pork casks.
Prepared flour cases .
ludigo , do
Candles do
Ohre, yellow casks
Hops bales.
Ivogwood logs .
Oakwood do
Maple do..
Black walnut do
Rosewood do
Piilisander do
Ebony do
Cedar do
White pint* do
Mahogany do
Comparatire statement showing the number of vessels of all nations entered at
and cleared from Havre during the years 18G3 and 1864, with their nation-
ality.
KNTERED,
CLEARED.
Xatlunulity.
I No. in I No. in
1804. 1863.
No. in I No. in
1864. I 1863.
Rtt-*ia 52
>wetien ' 55
Norway ' 191
I>fiimark '
^iR*t Britain 1,221
Mecklenburg and free cities
<'«rmaoy.
^rt-nnaa confederacy :
Vherlands
Mpnm
^wingal
*?p*in
U
102
64 ■
44 I
60 I
34
61
97|
5
1,234
16 •
1)0 I
61
7 1
47 i
36
21
53
30
41)
07
m
36
25
VX^
1,310
5
12
83
84
5?^
61
61
16
75
63
31
4
Digitized by V^OOQK:!
126
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement — Continued.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
Nationality.
I No. in
, 1864.
Italy
Austria
Turkey and dependencies. .
Effypt
Western coast of Africa , . -
British India, &c
Philippine islands, &c
China and Oceanica
United States
Mexico and Guatemala
United States of Columbia.
Venezuela
Brazil
Uruguay ,
Argentine republic
Equador and Patagonia.
Peru and Bolivia
Chile
Hayti
Kpanish West Indies
Netherlands W^est Indies
British W^est Indies and Canada .
Isle of Bourbon
Martinique
Guadalupe
French Guiana
French India, &c
Seneganibia and Gaboon
Whale, seal and other fisheries . . .
Coasting traders
10
56
2
3
94
22
8
17
111
41
22
1
71
14
83
73
1
17
8
38
30
5
2
8
2
3,416
Total 5,913
No. in
1863.
3
2
7
42
2
3
82
J7
5
2
103
42
32
2
60
13
84
74
5
23
13
36
48
8
2
.3,543
5,928
No. in
1864.
11
13
3
12
4
51
28
4
14
85
16
18
2
21
27
27
'X7
8
9
12
25
1
13
3
3.532
No. in
6
3
5
5
4
10
1
2
rv5
2t»
b
:^
15
2f)
24
21^
21*
%
11
13
ir>
:»
31
2
»2
3
3,440
5,899 ! 5,73.'
Statement showing the imports into Havre from ports of the United States
during the year ended Decejnbcr 31, 1805.
Cotton :
First quarter 324 bales.
Second quarter 1 , 959 "
Third quarter 3, 707 "
Fourth quarter 16, 889 "
Total 22, 879 "
Tobacco :
First quarter 2, 726 hogaheads.
Second quarter 53 "
Third quarter 1, 882
Fourth quarter 1 , 979
Total 6, 640
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 127
Petroleum oil :
First aaarter 7, 240 barrels.
5^ond quarter 1, 375 **
Third quarter 2, 728 '* 79, 330 gallons.
Fourth quarter 7, 612 **
Total 18,955 " 79,330
Potash:
First qnaiter 1, 092 barrels.
Second quarter 764 "
Third quarter 972 *'
Fourtli quarter 715 **
Total 3, 543 "
Pearlash :
First quarter 176 barrels.
S«^cona quarter 59 **
Third quarter 180 "
Fourth quarter 81 "
• ■ ■
Totol 496 *'
Goldsmiths' dust :
First quarter ^ 90 barrels.
Second quarter 267 **
Third quarter 149 "
Fourtli quarter 209 "
Total 715 "
Wines :
Daring the year 150 baskets, and 88 cases.
Tallow :
First quarter 1, 642 casks.
Second quarter 271 " 225 hogsheads, 200 tierces.
Third quarter 350 "
Total 3,263 " 225 " 200 "
Dry and salted hides :
First quarter 16, 063 and 2, 727 packages.
Second quarter 1, 095 *» 384 "
Third quarter 801 " 569 "
Fourth quarter 405 **
Total 17,959 " 4,085
Coffee :
Fir?t quarter 816 sacks.
Second quarter 270 "
Fourth quarter 1, 400 **
Total 2.486 "
Digitizea by VjUOQ IC
128 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Hops:
First ouarter 230 bale^.
Second quarter 52 "
Fourth quarter 26 "
Total • 308 "
Salt provisions : >»
First quarter 25 barrels, 13 cases.
Secona quarter 2 "
Fourth quaiter 9 " 50 "
Total 36 " 63 **
Wax: ~
First quarter 53 casks, 12 cases.
Secona quarter 43 " 43 " 4 hogsheads.
Third quarter 40 "
Fourth quarter 1 "
Total 96 " 96 " 4
Sewing machines :
First quarter 91 cases.
•Third quarter 197 "
Fourth quarter ^ 50 "
Total 338 "
Feathers:
During the year 6 halts
Whalebone :
First quarter 52 package?.
Third quarter 639
Fourth quarter 986
Total 1, 677 . **
Staves for casks :
First quarter 80 packages
Third quarter 178
Fouith quarter 2. 021 "
Total 2, 279
Sausage-skins :
First quarter 67 barrels.
Second quarter 42 "
Third quarter 69 " 30 ke«:s.
Fourth quarter 30 "
Total 208 " 30 *'
Furs : "
During the year 5 cases, 4 bales, and 6 casks
Digitized by
Google
FRENCH DOMINIONS, 129
Sponges:
Pint quarter 16 bales.
Hi ird quarter 77 "
Fourth quarter 104 "
Total 197 "
Qaercitron bark :
Tint quarter 667 sacks, 27 hogsheads.
Second quarter 37 casks.
fourth quarter 623 " 22 "
Total 1,290 " 49 " 37 "
Hams:
First quarter 300 pounds.
S*<on(i quarter 24 casks.
lliird quarter 2 "
Total 300 " 26 "
Vanilla :
First quarter 6 cases.
Fourth quarter 3 "
Total 9 "
Sausages :
During the year 4 cases.
Pigs' bristles :
During the year 314 casks.
Wool:
^ond quarter 14 bales.
Third quarter 200 "
Total 214 «
India-rubber :
During the year 3 cases.
Champagne :
Second quarter. 228 cases.
Third quarter 225 "
Total 453 **
Fish eggs :
During the year 502 barrels*
Alligators* skins :
During the year 2 packages.
Alcohol :
During the year 90 casks.
Rice:
During the year 46 tierces.
^CR Digitized by ^^OOgIe
130 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Lard :
Daring the year 25 tierces.
Sugar :
Daring the year 7 hogsheads.
Essence of lavender :
Daring the year 2 cases.
Tea:
During the year 11 cases.
Quinquina :
Daring the year 136 sacks.
Medicinal roots :
During the year 8 sacks.
Preserved vegetables :
During the year 18 cases.
Palm leaves:
During the year 51 bales and about 600 tons.
Oats:
During the year 10 sacks.
Coral :
During the year 1 case.
Kerosene oil :
During the year 22 cases.
Goal oil :
During the year 2 casks.
Combs, (gutta-percha :)
During the year 3 cases.
Cigars :
During the year. . . 7 cases.
Moss :
During the year 21 bales.
Absinthe :
During the year 20 cases.
Fire-arms :
During the year i 12 cases.
Essence of mint :
During the year 10 cases.
Sisal grass :
During the year 195 bales.
Indigo :
During the year 4 cases and 1 box.
Flour:
During the year 25 barrels.
Clover-seed :
During the year 6S sacks.
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
FRENCH DOMINIONS. ISl
Cedar:
First quarter 905 logs.
Si'cond quarter 769 "
Third quarter 150 "
Fourth quarter 460 "
Total 2,284 "
MabogaDj :
First Quarter 552 logs.
Second quarter , 49 "
Fourth quarter 125 "
Total 726 "
CaLinet woods :
During the year • 72 logs.
Black walnut :
First quarter 319 logs.
Third quarter 404 logs and 576 planks.
Total 723 logs and 576 planks.
Maple :
First Quarter 128 logs.
S'cond quarter 144 "
Fourth quarter 83 "
ToUl 355 "
Oak wood :
During the year 13 logs and 247 planks.
Rosewood :
During the year 55 logs.
Holly:
Daring the year : 4 logs. '
Deck planks :
During the year 383 planks.
Specie :
Daring the year 22 cases.
Flocks:
Daring the year 19 bales.
Brandy :
During the year 30 baskets.
Whisky:
During the year * 7 casks.
Sheep skins :
During the year 40 bales.
Cattle hoofs :
I>uring the year 1,612 sacks.
Digitized by V^OOQIC
132
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Cattle horns :
During the year 18,00i
Laths :
During the year 2,395 packages and 2,861 laths.
Oars:
During the year 10,099
Staves :
During the year 426,920
Machinery, medicines, &c. :
During the year 18 cases medicine?.
During the year 22 cases preserved fiuits.
During the year 35 casks copper.
During the year 7 casks apples.
During the year 3 cases carriages.
During the year 60 caises hardware.
Comparative (able showing the importation of cotton into France and England
during the following years :
Imports fron
FRANCE.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
ITnited States .
Brazil
Epypt ....
Other countries
Total...
Bales.
520,7:^0
922
39,760
63,1«8
Balfs.
31,420
4,65.5
32,643
2()2, 852
Bales,
4,169
9,642
50,058
317,670
Bales.
4,749
29,501
82,521
344,118
624,600
271,570 I 381,539
Bales,
2H,.%I
65,1)63
387, 159
460,889 509,tli5
Imports from —
United States .
Brazil
Kpypt
Other couDtnes
Total.. -
ENGLAND.
1861.
Bales,
1,841,643
99,2'-41
97,759
95^,102
1862.
Bales.
72,369
i:«,tl07
135,420
1,103,455
1863.
Bales.
132,0*i8
i:i7,14i>
205,788
1,457,204
1864.
Bales.
197,776
212,192
257,102
1,920,026
1865.
Bales.
4til,i«7
34U.261
1,6.9,5:>S
3, 035, 725 1 1 , 445, 051 1 , 932, 162 2, 587, 096 , 2, 755, 3:^1
Slock of cotton in England during the following or to the first of January of
each year.
Years.
No. of bales.
1861
794,510
1862
69t»,:j(io
1863
433, 9r)0
1864
3-/7, TmO
1865
575, 7*27
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
133
Comparative statement of the cotton market in France during the last ftoenty-
two years.
Tears.
Imports of cot-
ton.
Sales.
Stock on hand
Dec. 31.
1^14
Bales,
351,451
410, 5:w
378,0:{5
:«2,a-i0
275,715
414,478
387,475
360, 147
470,860
459, 406
470, 900
467,470
509, 164
481,110
573, 170
432,290
684,594
624, 61K)
271,570
411,538
460, 880
509, 805
Bales.
397,951
421,037
412, Ki5
299,950
309,265
389,378
375,9:50
382, 172
47H,660
459,677
417,250
492,094
316,950
440 155
524,455
527,050
618,919
596,680
352,722
437, ^-80
432,102
531,207
Bolts,
78,000
67, 500
J-vIo
1-46
32,700
55,600
22, 050
1-47
1,-4^
1S9
47, 150
\<^)
58, 695
\<A
36,670
1<.'2
30,870
30,600
84,250
1*.,3
\<A
Kw>
59,526
51,840
h.V)
K.7
92, 795
].<>K
141,510
I<,9
46,750
112,425
140, 345
J-S)!}...
l-M.l
UVl
59, 193
I*i3
32, 852
61,630
H4
I?<j5
40,230
Comparative statement showing the quantity of cotton on hand at Havre on the
31*^ day of December for the past thirteen years.
COTTON.
Tears.
Bales- stock.
Tears.
Bales — stock.
H;4
51,140
28,260
5(5,785
137,950
105,020
45, 130
136,690
1857
82,600
HU
1856
46,800
IS-i
1855
53, 650
IV.I
' 1854
72,250
N;/)
1 1853
21,100
JK-,D...
1852
23, 830
ho^
Digitized by LjOOQIC
134
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEBCE.
Comparative statement shoicing the nvmher of vessels and their tonnage arriral
at Havre from the United States and cleared from Harre for the United
Hates during the years 1864, 1863, 1862, 1861, and 1860.
ARRIVED.
Yean.
CLEARED.
Yeara.
&
4.
1
1864
94
82
105
472
296
51,917
48, 428
74, 173
388,729
272,621
1864
51
58
124
301
218
56, 075
lt;63
]H63
48, n^
1862
1H62
KU.y-^i
1H6I
lt»61
26:1 %i
I860
\tiGO
222,u;J9
Marseilles — G. W. Van Horne, Consul,
October 18, 1865.
The comirerce of France is in a state of transition. I Lave found no interest-
ing statistics appertaining to this subject, but while engaged in my researclie?,
have been struck with the thoroughness of the conversion of the French to the
principles of free trade. The new commercial treaties entered into the last two
years with Belgium, Prussia, Switzerland, Holland, the Z 'llverein. with those in
process of execution wiih Spain, Austria, Sweden, and Norway, witness to the
earnest efforts being made to relieve commerce of its burdens.
international marine.
The register Veritas furnishes proof that in point of tonnage, the American A
No. 1 ships rank those of all other nations of the same class.
The following table shows the elective tonnage of the first fifty ships of each
nation :
1st. American 20,906; averages, 418.12
2d. Austrian 17, 486 " 349.7:J
3d. Hamburg 14,370 " 287.40
4th. ItAlian 13, 722 " 274.44
6th. Russian 12, 758 " 255 r>6
6th. El glish 12,754 " 251.4S
7th. Dutch 11,612 " 252.24
8th. Prussian 10,523 " 210.4(3
9th. Spanish 10,048 " 200%
10th. Swede and Norwegian 9, 485 " 189.70
11th. French 5,877 " 115.54
12th. Danish 5, 763 " 115.2()
As to the importance of her merchant marine relative to the number of inbub-
itants, the United States stand No. 10, owning one ton for every 6.1 inhabitants.
Tlie following table exhibits the maritime strength of the most imporsant of
commercial nations :
1st. Bremen possesses 1 ton for 0.6 inhabitants.
2d. Hamburg possesses 1 ton for 0.9 inhabitants.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 135
3d. Norway possesses 1 ton for 2.1 inhabitants.
4th. Lubeck possesses 1 ton for 3.5 inhabitants.
5th. Mecklenburg-Schwerin possesses 1 ton for 3.7 inhabitants.
6th. Greece possebses 1 ton for 4.0 inhabitants.
7th. Sweden and Norway possesses 1 ton for 4.9 inhabitants.
8ih. Great Britain possesses 1 ton for 5.5 inhabitants.
9th. Holland possesses 1 ton for 6.5 inhabitants.
lOtb. United States possesses 1 ton for 6.1 inhabitants.
11th. Hanover possesses 1 ton for 8.0 inhabitants.
12(h. Sweden possesses 1 ton for 9.9 inhabitants.
13th. Spain possesses 1 ton for 18.4 inhabitants.
14th. Italy possesses 1 ton for 32.2 inhabitants.
15th. France possesses 1 ton for 38.0 inhabitants.
16th. Prussia possesses 1 ton for 52.8 inhabitants.
17th. Austria possesses 1 ton for 105.3 inhabitants.
ISth. Belgium possesses 1 ton for 162.5 inhabitants.
France is still in the market as purchaser of good wooden and iron ships at
moderate prices. In wooden ships she purchased of England 210 tons in 1863
and 1,816 tons of the United States; also 483 tons of Belgium, and 431 tons of
Italy; in iron ships, in 1863, 4,601 tons were purchased of England, and in 1864,
7,455 tons English, 246 Italian, and 39 Belgian. The grand total represents a
value of 1,389,360 francs for wooden ships, and 7,353,000 francs for iron ships.
There is another side to this picture : the French ship yards are gradually
vinning the confidence and favor of Europeans. England buys a few tons of
France, taking 186 tons in 1863 and 492 tons in 1864. Belgium the same, asking
for but 115 tons in 1863 and 84 tons in 1864. But, against 909 tons sold
to other countries in 1863, the sales for 1864 amount to 9,209 tons, mostly in
iron ships.
FBENCH STBAM NAVIGATION.
As holding important relations with French commerce, French steam naviga-
tion should not be overl Joked. Through the courtesy of the directors of the
two great companies, the Messageries Imperiales and the Transatlantic, I have
b<ren placed in possession of statistics whose recital may possibly cause my coun-
tn-in»n to take greater interest in this important auxiliary of commerce. I pre-
s<'nt these statistics under three divisions : 1st, the lines established ; 2d, ap-
propriations and laws and regulations affecting the direction of the companies ;
3d, results.
I. THE LINfeS ESTABLISHED.
The M€9»agertr8 Imperiales. — This company was chartered in 1852 under
the name of ••Compagnie des Services Maritimes Nationales." The lines com-
prii»€d under the postal convention were : 1st, thirty-six voyages per year, be-
tween Marseilles and Malta, touching at the important Italian and Sicilian ports ;
the total distance between the extreme ports being 290 maritime leagues. 2d,
thirty-six voyages per year between Marseilles and Constantinople, connect-
ing the important ports on the line ; tot^il, distance 583 maritime leagues. 3d,
twenty-four voyages per year, between Marseilles and Alexandria, via Malta;
tf>tHl distance, 500 leagues. 4th, the Syrian line, between Constantinople and
Alexandria, accomplishing eighteen voyages per year ; total distance, ^10 leagues.
By virtue of a new convention, made November 28, 1854, the number of
Toyagt's on the Italian line were increased from 36 to 52 per year; on the
Alexandria line from 24 to 26 ; on the Syrian line from 18 to 26, and between
Marseilles and Constantinople from 36 to 52.
• Digitized by LjOOQIC
136 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
New lineB were eBtablished as follows :
Six voyages monthly from Marseilles to Algiers ; three voyages monthly
from Marseilles to Oran ; three voyages monthly from Marseilles to Tunis, the
last touching at Stora and Bone.
The new convention felso provided for the Black sea, and in 1857 the follow-
ing lines were established : Ist, the line of the Danube from Constantinople to
Ibralia, 36 voyages per year 2d, the line between Constantinople and
Trebizonde, 36 voyagc*s per year.
By a decree of July 22, 186 1, the Messageries Imperiales were authorized to
convey their postal service to the other side of the isthmus of Suez, and occupy
the Indian ocean and China seas. 1st, the principal line connects Suez and
Saigon, touching at Aden, Pointe de Galles, Penang and Singapore ; total dis-
tance, l,891i leagues; number of voyages peryear, 12. Five auxiliary services
were also established, accomplishing each 12 voyages per year : Ist, between
Aden and the islands of Maurice and Reunion, total distance 625 leagues. 2(i,
between Pointe de Galles and Chandernagor, touching at Pondicherry, Madras
and Calcutta, total distance 450 leagues. 3d, from Singapore to Batavia, toul
distance 183^ leagues. 4th, from Saigon to Manilla, total distance 302§ leagues.
5th, from Saigon to Shanghai, touching at Uong Kong, total distance 57 1§ leaguee.
The line between Bordeaux and Buenos Ayres was occupied by the Messa-
geries Imperiales in September, 1857. The convention contemplated two
voyages per month alternately from Bordeaux and Marseilles ; but the latter line
was abandoned, and the line from Bordeaux is alone occupied, accomplishing one
voyage per month, and touching at Lisbon, Ooree, Pernambuco, Rio Janeiro and
Montevideo, t^tal distance 2,069 § leagues.
General Transatlantic Catnpany, — The line between Havre and New York
was opened in June, 18U4, and voyages have been made monthly. In April of
next year other steamers will be placed upon this line, and a bimonthly established
with the States.
The line between St. Nazaire and Vera Cruz was opened in 1862. To-day
there ai-e bimonthly departures from St. Nazaire : one on the 7th for Aspinwall,
touching at St. Martinique ; the other on the 19th for Vera Cruz via St. Thomas
and Havana.
These lines have five branch services as follows :
Ist and 2d. Running bimonthly from Fort de France to St. Thomas via
Guadalupe.
3d. I? rom Fort de France to Cayenne, touching at St. Lucie, St. Vincent,
Grenada, Trinidad, Demcrara and Surinam.
4th. Between St. Thomas and Jamaica, via Santiago de Cuba, Porto Rico and
Hayti.
5th. Between Vera Cruz and Matamoras, touching at Tampico.
The company contemplate the early organization of a line between Havana
and New Orleans.
II. APPROPRIATIONS.
1st. The total annual appropriation paid by the French government to that
branch of the Messageries Imperiales operating in the Mediterranean and Black
sea is 4,776,118.40 francs. Of this total the convention of 1851 provided for
the payment of 3,000,000 per annum for the first ten years, with a decrease per
annum of 100,000 francs, reducing the subsidy to 2,000,000 francs the twentieth
or last year. By the convention of 1854, in consideration of an increase of
voyages between Marseilles and Constantinople, there was allowed an additional
subsidy of 1,776,118 francs to be paid during the remainder of the twenty years,
making the total above given, being at the rate of 25.90 francs per maritime
league in the Mediterranean, and 31.53 francs in the Black sea.
• Digitized by V^OOQIC
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 137
2d. The appropriation accorded to the Indo-China service, is as follows :
During the first three years 7,500,000 francs ; daring the three following
years 7,000.000 francs; during the three following years 6,500,000 francs;
daring the three following years 6,000.000 francs ; during the six following
years 5.500,000 francs; during the six following years 5,000,009 francs.
3(1. The annual appropriation accorded to the line between Bordeaux and
Be la Plata for the twenty years contemplated by the convention is 2,406,200
francfl.
4tfa. The annual appropriation accorded to the General Transatlantic Company
is 9.:i00,00O francs.
LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
I give only the most important :
The boats of the companies must navigate under the French flag.
No boat can be put into service until after having been examined and received
by a special commission nominated by the minister of finance. A commission
of forveillance at the ports of departure exercise a vigilant inspection of the
condition of the boats, and may require the immediate repair of machinery &c.,
the had condition of which might compromise the safety of navigation. The
commission may also order the replacement of the boats if, in their opinion, they
are unfit for the voyage.
All the ships' armament must offer every necessary guarantoe to a good and
enre navigation. Provision is made on each boat for an agent des postes, nomi-
nated by the minister of finance and paid by the state, to whom is confided the
custody of the mail. The company is interdicted from carrying other sealed
matter. The bills of lading and invoices remain in the care of the captain, but
mu^t be opened to the inspection of the mail agent, if demanded. When, by rea^
son of accident, a voyage cannot be completed, or if a departure be unreasona-
hly delayed, the mail is forwarded by the first Fren<ih or foreign boat, or, when
ncces.^^ary, a special boat is put en route at the expense of the company. The
administration, after having advised with the company, appoint the days and
Loars of departure at the extreme ports. It also prescribes the maximum pe-
riod for the accomplishment of the voyage. In case of the loss of a boat, if the
rt'pl.tcement does not take place in the delay prescribed by the law, the com-
pany must pay a fine of 300 francs per day if it has regard to a boat of 400 or
A-'tO horse power, and of 150 francs relative to a boat of less power. Any in-
fractions of the prescriptions respecting the days and hours of departure and
arrivals render the company liable to a fine of fifty francs per hour of delay.
After six consecutive hours of delay not justified the penalty is 100 francs per
Lour. If proved that the delay was caused by a tardy shipment of cargo, the
penalty is 200 francs. After twelve hours' delay the agent des postes will take
all necessary measures, at the expense of the company, to insure the prompt trans-
mi^ion of the mail. In case of intermissions not justified, the penalty is 1,000
for the first and 2,000 francs for the second infraction ; at the third infraction
the fine may be carried 5,000 francs. The company carry gratuitously the mail
and specie for the service of the state. Provision is also made for the trans-
pfirtation of troops and munitions under certain limitations and guarantees to
the companies in case of a maritime war.
The civil, military, and ecclesiastical officers of the government are carried
with their family and suite at thirty per cent, discount.
Tlie company have the right to carry passengers and merchandise at their
own risk and profit.
The company cannot, directly or indirectly, engage in any commercial opera-
tioQji, except as public carriers, upon any of the hues.
The company are forbidden to take passengers or merchandise, except at the
PW8 prescribed. r^r^oir^
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
138
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Each boat must take sufficient stores to provide for crew and passengprs in
case of delay at sea. £ach boat must be amply provided with accommodations
of the 3d class. A register must be kept open on board to receive any com-
plaints that passengers may wish to express. The commission of surveillance,
if deemed necessary, refer these complaints to the minister of finance, who may
remove from office the culpable agent or agents of the company.
The rates of speed requu^ed of the companies are as follows :
Enota.
Mediterranean 11
African lateral 9}
' Indo-Chiua, principal line 9^
Indo-Chiiia, branches 9
Rio Janeiro 8 J
St. Nazaire, principal lines 10^
St. Nazaire, branches 2 8
Havre and New York.
The Europa, on the Havre and New York line, will make 13.80 knots.
Each boat must have
5 an equipage of which the minimum is fixed as
follows:
MEDrrERRANEAN.
INDO-CHINA.
BRAZIL.
Bank.
o|
« is
il
h3
0 «
n
0 p*
1^
u
0
ol
0
Cfiptain. ................
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
26
4
2
1
3
3
18
12
3
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
J
1
2
i"
24
4
2
1
3
3
18
10
1
6
1
1
2
Second captain
First lieutenant...... . .
8econd lieutenant
Third lieutenant
Surpeon
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
22
4
2
1
3
3
16
10
3
8
1
1
2
16
2
2
1
2
3
12
16
2
4
1
1
First mate
Second mate .. ......
Carpenter
Seamen, able
14
2
1
1
1
12
3
1
1
1
]4
ordinary
Cabin boy
2
First master mechanic
Second master mechanic.
Ordinary mechanic
I
2
2
Firemen and aids
Coal carriers
11
1
1
?
1
10
4
Steward and cook for crew.
Servants
1
3
Femme de chambre
1
Baker
I
Cook for passengers
1
1
9
The number and force of the fleet of the Messageries Iinperiales are as
follows :
THE MBDITBRRANBAFV AND BLACK SBA.
Screw steamers :
1 of 450 horse-power, 3 of 400 horse power, 4 of 370 horse-power, 1 of 350
horse-power, 1 of 320 horse-power, 2 of 300 horse-power, 3 of 280 horse-power,
1 of 250 horse-power, 4 of 240 horse-power, 4 of 200 horse-power, 2 of ISO
horse-power, 1 of 150 horse-power.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FBENCH DOMINIONS.
139
Si'le-wheel :
2 of 370 horse-power, 2 of 320 horse-power, 1 of 250 horse-power, 2 of 220
borsc-power, 2 of 200 horee-power, 3 of 180 horse-power, 2 of IGO horse-power.
3 screw steamers in construction of 280 horse-power.
INDO-CHINA LINB.
Screw steamers :
4 of 500 horse-power, 2 of 400 horse-power, 3 of 280 horse-power, 2 of 240
horse-power. *
BRAZIL AND DB LA PLATA.
Side- wheel :
3 of 500 horse-power, 1 of 370 horse-power, 1 of 120 horse-power.
BOATS IN CONSTRUCTION.
2 screw steamers of 320 horse-power; 1 screw steamer of 280 horse-power;
1 screw steamer of 240 horse-power.
GENERAL TRANS-ATLANTIC COMPANY — LINE OF MEXICO AND THE ANTILLES.
2 8crew steamers of 560 horse-power ; 2 screw steamers of 260 horse- power ;
1 dcrew steamer of 150 horse-power; 1 side-wheel steamer of 80 horse-power.
HAVRE AND NEW YORK.
2 screw steamers of 860 horse-power.
BOATS IN CONSTRUCTION IN 1864.
•
1 side-wheel steamer of 1,200 horse-power ; 5 side-wheel steamers of 860 horse-
power ; 2 screw steamers of 900 horse-power ; 1 screw steamer of 860 horse-
power ; 1 screw steamer of 150 horse-power ; 1 screw steamer of 1 25 horse-power.
This company also own 12 sailing vessels, average tonnage 361.
In 1858, when a casual communication was kept up between Mexico and the
French West Indies, the commerce of those countries with France amounted to
127,000.000 francs. The following table exhibits the past commerce with those
countries, now, for the first time, brought into direct, regular, and frequent com-
manicatioQ with France :
GENERAL
COMMERCE.
Francs.
COMMERCE
WITH FRANCE.
Franca.
Snint Thomas
Tuba
I'lTto Rico
Hayti
<>MiaDa, English
iiniana, lhiu-h
J tniHiCtt, St. Lncie.. .
St. Vincent, Grenada
Tfinidad
30,000,000
547,000,000
48,000,000
6:^()(H),U()0
16, 0(J0, UUO
73,000,000
10,000,000
84,000,000
10, 000, 000
•2,000,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
777,000,000
109,000,000
4.762 passengers and 7,488 tons of merchandise were transported in 1864 •
tVom St. Nazaire (France) to the Antilles and Mexico, against 4,026* passengers
•nd 3,564 r/)n8 of merchandise in 1863. The voyages between Martinique,
Guadalupe, St. Lucie, St. Vincent, and Trinidad, show a movement of 2,160
passengers and 3,416 divers shipments for 1864, against 1,490 passengers and
Digitized by V^X30Q IC
140
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
1,931 shipments the year previous. The increase of civil passengers over mili-
tary has heen 30 per cent, in 1864 as compared with L&63, and the freights
have gained 120 per cent, over the year 1863.
No accident of navigation, no damage, however light, to the machinery, has re-
sulted to the company's operations. They report having traversed 130.000 mar-
itime leagues without any disastrous event to register, and believe that such
successful navigation must command more and more the confidence of the com-
mercial and travelling public.
HAVRB AND NBW YORK.
The opening of this line was received with favor, and the abundant receipts
from passengers and merchandise the first voyage demonstrated the utility aud
value of this company.
The transactions of this company, already reduced two-thirds by the war,
were still further reduced by the imposition by Congress of an increased duty
on imports. The receipts of the company in 1860 were 657,000,000 francs; in
1863 177,000,000 francs, showing a decrease of 480,000,000 francs. The year
1864 also shows a relative decrease. The movement in passengers for each
voyage, return included, for the seven months preceding April last, averaged but
152. The company derive some consolation from the fact that the Cunanl
company show for the same period an average of but 232 passengers per voyage
for their old and well known line.
In the years anterior to the war (1858-59-60) two American steamers plying
between New York- and Havre, steamers smaller and less fleet than the French,
averaged 300 passengers per voyage and about 500 tons merchandise.
lu 1860 the number of passengttrs embarking and debarking at Havre rose
to 11,200, and the company fiud reasons for believing that, now peace la estab-
lished, their highest hopes will soon be realized.
The English importations in wheat and flour place France as far the most
important contributor in the latter article, and distancing the United States for
the first six months of 1865 in exportations of wheat. The following table ex-
hibits the relative foreign exportations in wheat and flour into England for the
first six months of 1863, 1864 and 1865. It appears that the United States,
from having sent 35 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively, in 1863 aud lS34jof
the wheat imported into England, contribute but 3 per cent in 1865, and a de-
crease in flour from 57 per cent and 40 per cent, in 1863 and 1864 to 7 per
cent in 1865.
Flour.
Wheat
1863.
1864.
1865.
1863. j 1864.
1805.
Russia
14
23
H
1
2
H
4
15
35
2
2
12
23
4
u
3
^
2i
4
.38
It
36
Prassia
3iJ
I^eomark....
3
Sleswick
2
Mecklenbnrjy
4
HaD86 TuwuB .......
7
27
6
48
8
79
3
France
6
Turkey, Wallachia and Moldavia. . .
5
Egypt
United States
57
6
3
40
4
2
7
1
5
3
Knglish North America
i
Other countries .----- ............
7|
100
100
100
100
100
100
Jigitiz
9dbyta€
iegl
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 141
There was exported, via Nfareeilles, for Eojypt, India, China, &c., from the Ist
of July to the 29th December, 1864, 1,810,08»5 pounds sterling in gold and
4,267,903 pounds sterling in silver, making a total of 6.077,988 pounds sterling.
The impoi*taTion of gold from America and Australia into England during
the last seven years runs as follows :
From America. From Australia.
1S58 oe5. 304, 896 669, 725, 1 08
1859 14, 560, 062 9. 830, 944
1S60 _ 8,677,294 6, 659, JGO
1S61 83, 450 6, 474, 451
1S62 9, 865, 610 6,310, 500
1S63 7,874,179 5,164,752
1S64 7, 465, 103 2, 426, 400
53. 830, 594 46, 591, 745
EzportatioDS of gold to India and China for the same period :
lSo8 c£333, 535
1S59 930,414
1^60 2. 378, 038
1S61 959, 180
1S6;1 1.^10.754
1S<}3 ; . . . 3, 251, 400
1S64 5, 705, 418
14, 668, 739
ESSENCE OF PETROLBrM.
In the north of France this essence has taken the place of turpentine, as used
hj painters and manufacturers of varnish. It has been so used in the south,
thnngb not with great success, the article containing some remains of sulphur of
hydrogen. To-day the manufacturers of the essence deliver an article wholly
unobjectionable, especially prepared for painters, and at a price much lower than
vhat i^ demanded for turpentine. This essence is also used as a dissolvent for
extracting the remaining particles of oil from oil-cakes, and for cleansing wool,
gilding-stuffs, &c. As a luminary, a mechanic of Paris has invented a lamp»
composed of a very small metallic receptacle, which, by means of the ptissage
of air across a spongt?, saturated with this essence, produces the finest light
imacrinable. I have not seen the lamp, but, from what is said of it, I judge it to be
worthy of the attention of American mechanics. This light may also be used for
itii heating properties, for warming halls, rooms, &c.
AGRICULTURE.
American manufacturers of agricultural machines are taking all the best
prizes offered by the agricultural societies in the south of France and in
Aljners- At the Oram (Algiers) agricultural exhibition, last year, the agent of
American manufacturers received the first eight prizes offered by the society.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
142
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Table skotoing the value of exports from Marseilles to the United States, for
the year ended Au-gust 31, 18G5.
Absinthe
Almonds
Cheese
Cork
Cor&s, musical
Cloth
Cream tartar
Crystal of tartar. - - .
Essences i . .
Fii«hing-lines, hair..
Filberts
Garancine and mad-
der
Galls...,
Gum gnaiacum : . . .
" arabic
*• jedda
Hair
Hats '.
Leaves, medicinal . •
Licorice
Lime, chloride of . . .
Lead
Lemons
Macaroni
Nuts
Oil, olive
" sesame
Orange-flower water.
Paint
Francs.
4. 800. 00
369,077 00
2, 645. 00
61.691.70
2, 640. 05
2.^211.00
360,431.35
1, 180. 00
46, 963. 45
6, 040. 00
75, 581. 20
2, 550, 900. 01
65, 194. 00
38, 263. 00
185, 838. 30
77, 326. 45
2, 229. 00
9, 556. 00
2, 397. 00
87. 327. 60
229,931.00
28, 218, 149. 00
236, 241. 75
155 00
9,150.00
416,211.40
4,124.00
1, 074. 00
2, 640. 00
Pickles and preserves
Perfumery
Rags
Raisins
Root, gentian
Rye, spurred
Salt
Saffron
Soap
Sulphur
Sponge
Sardines
Silk
Sumac
Seed, yellow
" canary
Thread, cotton
Thistles
Talc.
Velvet
Veimouth and kirsch
Verdigris
Vinegar
Wine
Wool
Wheat
Sundries
Francs.
40, 249. 75
1,697 00
25, 923. 00
5, 389. 00
3, 675. 00
624. 00
22, 440. 00
10, 750. 20
257, 286. 80
24, 890. 75
69, 249. 3o
8, 705 30
30.641.30
64. 245. 00
1,961.00
28. 346. ^h
2. 298. 00
17,979.00
43, 692 00
832. 00
66, 246. 00
36, 108. 70
1, 707. 00
617, 758. 45
674. 856. 00
2, 101 65
8, 105. 00
Total francs 35, 040, 326. 86
Table showing the importations of the United States at the port of Marseilles^
for the year ended August 30, 1865.
Agricultural implements cases 49
Alcohol barrels 820
Beef barrels 177
Beeswax packages . . 8
Bags 2, 205
Books cases 2
Brooms 12
Buffalo-skins case 1
Butter barrel 1
Carriages 2
Cigars case 1
Cider-presses 2
Clocks cases « 2
Cotton gins 2
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 143
Cowhides 76
Gutta p^rcba bands case 1
Lird cases 5
L*rd oil barrels 2, 627
lamps case 1
I/igwood tons 1, 388
Li>gwood lot 1
Logwood, extract cases 399
Logwood logs 2
Machineiy cases 45
Medicine ca^cs 39
Natural history, subjects of case 1
( Urs 797
Peunats .pounds 435, 374
Pepper v bags 696
Petroleum barrels 83, 263
Pills cases ' 33
Pbinks 273
Ploughs cases 4
Quercitrun casks 38
Rakes bundles 17
R^j^s bales 3
Refrigerator I
S«^wiug machine 1
Tallow barrels .... 10
Tobacco casks. ...... 2, 740
Tobacco e cases 39
Walnut piece 1
Walnut cases 11
Wi aring apparel case 1
Staves 307, 025
»^t;ive8 lots 2
Shafts 15
Cette — L. S. Nahmens, Consular Agent.
September 30, 1865.
Statement nhowing the description and value of tlie export and import trade of
Lette with the United states during t/ie year ended September 30, 1865.
EXPORTS.
Value in francs.
47 boxes of brandy 500. 00
17 casks crystal of tartar 19, 883. 10
lOO casks cream of tartar - 189, 425. 00
19 cat«ks lees of wine 3,401.75
10 bales t.f lavender flowers 418. 60
80 boxes of olives 561. 15
100 baskets of olive oil 1, 317. 00
1 box of pickled tunny (fish) 40.00
29 casks of refined tartar 37, 428. 00
5 bales of rosemary leaves 133. 50
Digitized by LjOOQIC
144
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Value in francft.
3,198 tons of salt 32,127.05
5 boxes of thyme oil 3, 027. 30
3 casks of verdigris 3, 557. 25
15 casks of vermouth 825. 00
9,595 casks and 25 boxes of wine 761, 45<4. 70
Total in francs.. 1.054. 129.40
$200,786 55
IMPORTS.
Valae-
87 packflges beeswax J12, 168 00
293, 880 staves .^ 46, 887 00
19 hogsheads tallow ! 3, 680 00
. Total 62, 735 00
Lyons — Jambs Lesley, Consul.
Comparative statement showing the description and value of the exports to the
United States from Lyons during the years ended September 30, 1864 and
1865.
' Description.
Totals for
1864.
Totals for
1865.
Silk
Tulles, crapes, &c...
Fringes and braids . . .
Kid aud woven gloves
Church ornaments
Kibbons, velvet
taffetas
Cotton tissues
Wines
Djestuffs
Sundries
Total
Francs.
17,6]H,:iC0
727,406
246,925
9.>9,832
162,662
2,057,915
5, 136, 192
110,417
96,463
73,919
214,231
Frames.
21,918,503
1,2U3,8'>0
357,717
452,6:i7
66,570
3,059,49-*
6,677,8<>4
212, 171
42,2<»5
33,tW3
586.c<9l
27,404,322
34,611,498
Comparative statement showing the description and value of exports Jrorn
Lyonst Zurich, and Basle, during the Jitst three quarters of the year 18G5.
Description.
THIRD QUARTER.
Silk piece goods
Silk ribbons
Total of the third quarter
Total of first and second quarters
Total of the three quarters ,
Lyons.
Francs.
13.603.689
5,830,714
19,434,403
14,382,165
33,816,568
Zurich.
Francs.
7.899,269
163,530
8,062.799
8,109,926
16,172,725
-/igiiizb'U by
Basle.
Francs.
423,850
3.073,950
3,497,800
3,011,620
Coog
6,509,420
¥6
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
145
Statement showing the distribution of exports from Lyons to the United States
during the first three quarters of the year 1865, by ports.
Names of ports
1st d.2d quarters.
3d quarter.
Total.
XewYork
Francs.
13,682,358
458,521
219,251
2,317
Francs.
19,357,893
781,451
20,530
5,526
12,151 !
51,792 ;
Francs.
33,040,241
1,239,972
Boston
Sm Fnuadsco
239,781
7,843
12, 151
71,510
Xew Orleans *
Baltimore
Philsdelphia
19,7i8-
Total
14,382,165
20,229,333
34,611,498
Septrmbbr 30, 1865.
To arrive at a proper appreciation of the present state of popular education
in France, it is just to give a retrospective glance at the previous action of the
government itself.
Prior to the epoch of the revolution of 1789, the state may be said to have
oever assumed any portion of the burden of popular education. In the year
1775, daring the ministry of the celebrated Turgot, we find charged upon the
budget for the King's household thirty millions of francs ; for public charities a
inm exceeding a million of francs, while for public education there was not a
frdDc appropriated in any shape. In 1793 the convention passed a decree in
firor of a system of obligatory, gratuitous education, and instituting, at the
^ame time, pains and penalties for the infraction or evasion of the law. Citizens
who could not read and write were, by virtue of this decree, declared ineligible
to public office, and parents who failed to send their children to school were to
be punished with fine, and even in certain specified cases with imprisonment.
Bat in that chaotic period of political convulsion, when theory was made to
'^erve the place of practical experience, this law, though happily conceived, re-
mained about a dead letter. In 1802, under the first empire, the previous abso-
lute system of gratuitous instruction was set aside and replaced by another, in
which the gratuitous principle was only partially applied. But comparatively
little progress, however, was made. Under the restoration, in 1816, a step
was taken in advance, as the government recognized by edict the duty of every
enmmune to furnish schools and gratuitous instruction. But the edict failed to
tccomplish any very flattering results, as it exacted no penalty and provided no
funds to cany out its provisions. Even in 1827 the total amount appropriated
by the state for public schools was but 50,000 francs, while in the same year's
budget the appropriation for the clergy was 32,000,000 francs.
Of the practical inefficiency of the school law then in force we have abundant
proofs furnished in a report of a committee of public inquiry appointed in 1S33,
under the reign of Louis Philip. In that year the state appropriated for popular
♦^ucation over a million and a half of francs. The facts obtained Tby the
committee were published in 1837, at Paris, by P. Lorain, imder the title of
Tableau de I* Instruction primaire en France. From the statements contained
a this truly instructive *' table," we learn the following facts in regard to the
*tate of education at that period. Instances were reported where thirteen,
^ftevn, and even twenty-five communes together were obliged to be content with
4 fmgle public school. So poorly were the teachers paid that most of them in
10 c R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
146 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
the rural districts were only too glad to eke out a poor pitUnce of salary by
other employments, as shoemakers, or ostlers, or bar-tenders, &c. The report
cites a case in the department of the Upper Pyrenees, where the village school-
master served as mayor's clerk, beadle, sexton, bell-ringer, and grave-di^er;
all of which services were rendered for a salary of less than forty dollars a
year. The school services were not unfrequently suspended to permit the
teacher to dig a grave or to dress the church for a wedding. As to the school
accommodations they were of an inferior character, the school being held in
some cases in the mayor's office, or in the coffee-room of the village tavern, or
under a church porch, or in a cellar, almost deprived of light. One of the in-
spectors attached to the committee reported a case 'of one school-teacher who
regularly lodged his pigs in the school-room, and when the weather was cold
adjourned the school and the scholare to the stable adjoining to keep warm.
Under the popular impulse, which inaugurated that committee of inquiry, a
law was passed in 18'3IJ, liberalizing to a certain extent the then existing school
system, and making provision for contributing to the expenses of the com-
munes by the department and by the state. But still, though an improvement
took place m consequence of this legislation, the teachers of the schools con-
tinued to be most inadequately paid. In a speech delivered in the House of
Deputies, in 1846, by M. de Salvaudy, it was stated that out of nearly 33,000
teachers of public schools, 26,000 did not earn, on an average, over three hundred
francs, or sixty dollars, per year.
The republic of 1848 endeavored to renew the system of absolute gratuitous
education. M. Gamot, when minister, went so far as to propose an item of
nearly fifty millions of francs in the budget to provide for this charge. But
the law proposed was withdrawn, and one much less liberal in its provision?,
under the suggestions of M. Falloux, substituted. The law proposed by M.
Falloux was generous in one essential particular, it made equal provision for
male and female education. This law was amended by subsequent legislation
in 1850 and 1852.
The leading features of the school laws at present in force may be summed
up briefly, as follows :
Each commune may establish a public primar}' school. The communes are
authorized to lay a school tax, and where the sum thus collected is insufficient,
the department may furnish additional funds ; and where the department is
unable, the state may give a certain subsidy. There is, however, no absolute
obligation upon the communes to take the initiative in establishing^ a public
school. The pervading principle of centralization, which characterizes all
French legislation, is brought into play in the arrangement of the school
system. Thus every prefect of a department has absolute control over the
system. He has power to reprimand or suspend a teacher, or to withhold his
salary for six months, or to revoke his functions entirely, and by him is fixed
al^olutely the number of gratuitous scholars to be allowed to each commune in
the department.
Male teachers, during the first five years' service, are guaranteed a minimum
salary of 600 francs per annum ; and after five years' service, a minimum salary
of 700 francs ; after ten years' service^ a minimum of 800 fi-anca is guaranteed
to one-twentieth of the male teachers, and after fifteen years' service, a minimum
salary of 900 francs is guaranteed to another twentieth of them. These last
two salaries are guaranteed only to those who have given evidence, of superior
excellence as teachers. In general, the male teachers receive a fixed sum of
200 francs per annum, and a variable one arising from all the fees received from
tuition. These two sums exceed considerably the respective minimum amounts
guaranteed as above stated. But when they fall below them the minim'i
guaranteed are made up to the teachers as they become entitled to them respec-
tively. In addition to the minima guaranteed, all the communes provide lodg-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 147
inp for the teachers or pay them an equivalent. Besides, in some of the
commimefl the teachers are permitted to unite with their scholastic duties the
transaction of other business, which somewhat increases their financial resources.
Tbere is a retiring pension to those male teachers who have attained the age of
sixty years, after thirty years' service. The amount of this pension is one-
»itielh of the salary of each year's service, which cannot, however, exceed
tiro thirds of the medium salary of the six last, years of service. There are,
however, exceptional cases, such as sickness or extraordinary merit, in which
the rule postponing the pension to sixty years of age is relaxed. The pension
fund is formed by the retention of five per cent., every year of the teachers'
salary.
As regards girls' schools, the provisions of the law are most lamentably de-
fieient. There is uo minimum limit of salary fixed for female teachers, nor is
there any fixed or reliable retiring pension, while at the same time there is no
provision by which the funds of the department or of the state may be drawn
upon to make good the deficiencies in the expenses of the communes for this
important object. The average compensation of female teachers iii 1863 was
hot 665 francs, or SI 35 a year. In fact, the position of the female teacher, if
she be not attached to one of the religious associations, is a very hard and
thankless one. A mere word from the cur^ may compromise her position or
call into the commune a sister of charity to take her place, or to start another
Kkool, which is sure to accomplish the same result.
The teachers of the public schools are required to pass an examination before
the board appointed by the municipal council in order to receive a proper
diploma. This examination is limited to the simplest rudiments of a common
Eoiool education, viz : reading, writing, the four first I'ules of arithmetic, and the
i^jstem of public weights and measures. The female teachers belonging to the
religious societies enjoy a peculiar exemption from this simple examination, and,
in Hen of diploma, arc permitted to produce, as a sufficient evidence of capacity,
a letter of obedience, so-called, which is simply a guarantee by the bishop of
the diocese of the recipients of religious orthodoxy.
Some facts gleaned from official authority are hereto subjoined to illustrate
the working of the present school l&ws and of the system of education as prac-
tically carried out.
The total budget of the French government for the year 1865 may be 0et
down in round numbers at two thousand millions of francs — equal to four hun-
dred millions of dollars nearly. Of this amount one-third, or over six hundred
millions of francs, is absorbed by the army and navy. For public education,
inchisive of grants to universities, lycenms, colleges, and primary schools, the
government appropriates twenty millions of francs, or about four millions of
dollars. To the public primary schools the total appropriation of the state is
bat little more than six and a half millions of francs, or one million and three
hundred thousand dollars. In other words, where, with a population of thirty-
seven milliftns, France spends one dollar for Qommon schools, she spends one'
hundred dollars for war purposes. To popular primary institutions she devotes
bat the one three-hundredth part of her income. Compare this with the State
of New York, which, with a population of 3,851,567, spends nearly four and a
half millions of dollars for the same object; while Massachusetts, with a popu-
lation of 1,231,000, spends three and a quarter millions.
There were in attendance in the common schools of France in 1863 a total of
4.337,000, out of a popuiaiion of 37,000,000. In the year 1847 the number of
ecliolara was 3.500,000, out of a population of 35,000,000, while in 1832 the
nomber of tfcholars was not quite 2,000,000, out of a population of 32,500,000.
tSo that France in 1832 sent to her common schools sixty-one out of every
thon^nd of her population. In 1847 one hundred out of every thousand, and
in 16G3 one hundred and seventeen out of every thousand. Thoueh the pro-
Digitized by VjOOQ !(:!
148 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
gresB since 1847 has not been so rapid as in the period prior to that date, still
in 1863 there were 8,500 more schools, and 800,000 more pupils than in 1847.
But there were, however, still two thousand communes that sent their children
to the schools of the adjoining communes; one thousand and eighteen com-
manes without any public school or teacher whatever; and as regards the
education of female children, there were 5,587 communes utterly unprovided
with public school accommodations for them.
Of the 4,337,000 children borne upon the rolls in 1863, it appears that 888,000
arc taught in 378 private schools. Of these private schools 12,826 are schools
for girls, with an average attendance of 675,894.
In the public schools for boys, inclusive of the mixed schools, there were
2,042,830 boys, and 361,057 girls, making a total of 2,403,907, of which
922,820 are reported as non-paying. It thus appears that about thirty-five per
cent, of the 4,337,000, borne upon the rolls, receive their education gratuitously.
The amount of tuition fees in the public schools paid in 1863 was 18,578,728
francs. The average amount paid by each puoil contributing was one franc 68
centimes, or thirty-three cents per month, which, upon an attendance of six
months out of twelve, would make the cost of tuition about ten francs, or two
dollars per pupil. For a family of several children this must be a very onerous
burden, when the average rate of wages of the laboring man is considered. The
rate is much above that paid in other countries of Europe, where education is
not gratuitous, as, for instance, in some of the Swiss cantons, where, in the rural
districts, the amount charged for each pupil is three francs, and in Prussia and
Saxony, where the annual charge for each pupil varies from one franc 75 cen-
times (the amount paid in the school for the poor) to six francs.
According to the recent annual report of Mr. Durey, minister of public in-
struction, there were in 1863 not less than 692,678 children between the ages
of seven and thirteen ; that is to say, nearly one-sixth of the children of France
who did not attend school. This fact, pregnant with reflection, gains additional
significance when the character of the instruction given is analyzed.
In France children are confirmed into the Catholic churoh, or " make their
first communion," as it is called, when they have attained their eleventh or
twelflh year. When this ceremony is once passed, the finishing point of school
education, so far as the masses are concerned, is reached. And the explanation
is simple enough, when it is borne in mind that the first and chief object in
going to school is to leani to read the catechism, an essential step preliminary
to the religions act referred to. When the children have no further catechism
to recite, they have no further need to go to school. Hence it is easy to com-
prehend that the general attendance reported by no means covers the entire
scholastic year. Thus, in 1863, a portion of over one-third of the pupils at-
tended school for periods varying under six months. In the same year out of
657,401 pupils quitting school, there were, according to Minister Durey, 395,393
(or sixty per cent.) reported as knowing how to read, write and cypher, and
262,008 (forty per cent.) are reported to have spent their time unprofitably, or
to have been so inadequately instructed as to warrant the belief that the larger
portion of them will soon have forgotten the little they have learned. The
minister of public instruction intimates, with much pertinency, that to spend
millions of francs for so feeble a result is spending money to very little pur-
pose ; and says, with much force, that a machine which should produce as little
percentage of results would call for a thorough overhauling and repair.
A large proportion of the teachers in France consists of persons attached to
various religious bodies or monastic associations. A comparison between sta-
tistics for the years 1848 and 1863, will show clearly how these monastic insti-
tutions have grown in number and increased their influence in the public schools.
Thus, in the year 1843, the different religious orders, whose numbera are dedi-
cated by vow to the duty of teaching, counted a total of 16,958 members, of
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRENCH DOMINIONS. 149
whom 3,128 were males, and 13,830 females. The Bchools conducted by them
at that period were 7,590, with 706,917 pupils, a proportion of 212 of the total
number of children then attending public schools. As regards the sexes, they
&re divided as follows : 1,094 boys, schools, with 201,142, or nine per cent, of the
total number of boys attending school ; and 6,496 girls' schools, with 505,775
pnpils, or 46 per cent, of the total number of girls attending public schools.
Since that period these religions associations have increased largely, having
nearly tripled their numbers in a period of twenty years. That is, in 1863
they counted a total of 46,840, of whom 8,635 were males and 38,205 females.
They conduct 17,206 schools, containing 1,610,674 scholars, out of a total of
4,336,068, or 37 per cent Analyzing the proportion of scholars of each sex, it
appears that of the male children in the public schools of France 19 per cent.,
and of the female 56 per cent, receive their education from persons attached to
these religious orders. The net gain of scholars is nearly a million, (903,757.)
Adding the pupils in the lyceums, communal colleges, and small seminaries, it
may be said, in general terms, that one- fourth of all the boys and two-thirds of
all the girls are taught by teachers connected with religious orders. This state
of affiiirs is in a great measure owing to the fact that the teachers connected
with the religious orders give instruction without charge ; proving conclusively
that where education can be got for nothing, it will be preferred to that which
co9t8 money.
How far the instruction received through the public schools of France con-
tribotes toward making intelligent citizens may be best judged from the statistics
of the conscription and marriage returns. In 1830, the proportion of the con-
Kripts (who are drawn in their 20th year) unable to read and write was slightly
nndier fifty per cent, (47.73;) in 1847, it was nearly 35 per cent, (34.91 ;)
and in 1862, it was nearly twenty-seven and a half per cent., (27.49.) In
Gennany the proportion of conscripts unable to read and write is between two
and three per cent.
Of the parties contracting marriage throughout all France in 1863, of the
males nearly 34 per cent (33.70) and of the females nearly 55 per cent.
(54.75) could not sign their names. In 1862, there were of males nearly 29
per cent. (28.54) and of females over 43 per cent. (43.26) who could not sign
their names. The mean average for both sexes was, for 1853, 44.22 per cent.,
and for 1862, 35.90 per cent.
These figures are too eloquent of themselves to need any comment. They
^ to confirm strikingly the declaration of the distinguished publicist Michel
Chevalier, in his report on the French international exhibition of 1855 : "I am
ready to affirm that of our rural male population, between the ages of 30 and 60,
not one in ten opens a book to learn anything, and of our female rural popula-
tion not one in twenty."
I take the liberty of adding some educational statistics of the department of
the Bhone, of which Lyons is the capital.
The total population of this department, according to the census of 1861,
was 662,193, of which the arrondissement of Lyons contained 492,866, and the
city of Lyons proper 318,803.
The total number of children between the ages of seven and thirteen in the
department of the Rhone is 65,300, of which 1,200 are reported as not attend-
ing school.
The number of public primary schools in the department is 423, inclusive of
100 exclusively for girls, and thirty-three open to both sexes. Out of 258
communes in the department, there is but a single one unprovided with a pub-
He school, though there are 171 communes which have no public schools to
vhich girls are admitted.
The total number of pupils in attendance on the public schools is 44,472 j
Digitized by
Google
150 ANNUAL REPORT ON l^OREION COMMERCE
of whom 31,529 receive instructioa gratuitouBly. In the city of Lyons proper
the public schools are open gratuitously to all.
Of private schools there are in the department 443, of which 87 are directed
by male teachers and 356 by female teachers. The total attendance of papilg
in these private schools is 238,803, of whom 19,197 are girls.
For educational purposes in the department the Slate furnishes no subsidy ;
the department and the communes contributing, the former a little over
50,000 francs a year, and the latter a sum slightly under 265,000 francs ;
making a total levied, by tax of 315,000 francs, over and above the tuition
fees, in such schools as charge tuition.
In addition to the schools already referred to there are ninety-three public
primary schools for male adults, with an attendance of 2,832 pupils; and fifteen
public primary schools for female adults, with 979 pupils. Of the whole num-
ber of adult pupils of both sexes 2,028 are educated gratuitously.
It may not be out of place here to add that, besides the public and private
primary schools, there are in the department of the Rhone, as in other depart-
ments of France, Salles d*AsUe pour Venfance, in which children are admitted
and kept during the day ; children between three and seven years of age, whose
parents are unable from any cause to take proper care of them. In these insti-
tutions the children are taught habits of order and industry ; attention being
directed to the development of their moral and religious, rather than their intel-
lectual powers, although the rudiments of reading are not entirely overiooked.
There are in the department of the Rhone forty-two public asylums of this
kind, of which thirty-seven are in the arrondissement of Lyons, and seventeen
private asylums in the department, of which seven are in the arrondissement
Of the forty-two public asylums, thirty-six are conducted by ladies belonring
to some religious order, and six by ladies of the laity. Of those conducted by
the religious orders thirtv- three are gratuitous nnd three paying; while of those
conducted by ladies of the laity three are gratuitous, and three paying.
There are 5,299 children in the public asylums of the department ; of which
5,099 are admitted gratuitously, and 200 are paying.
Of the seventeen private asylums in the department, sixteen are conducted by
persons belonging to religious orders and one by a lady of the laity. Of those
conducted by ladies of the religious orders, six are gratuitous and ten paying.
There are 1,386 children in the seventeen private asylums of the department,
of which 912 are admitted gratuitous! v, and 474 are paying.
' A few brief remarks on the admirable system of
SUPERIOR KDUCATIO.N
pursued at the Lycee and Ecole dc la Martiniere, both in the city of Lyons,
may not be inappropriate at the close of this report.
In Lyons, as in all the chief towns of France, there is a veiy fine lycee, or
public college, with nearly 1,100 students. As the system of education in thcs^e
lyceums of France differs in some respects from that in the educational institu-
tions of the United States, it may not be amiss to refer more particularly to them.
The lycee combines the peculiarities of the academy, high school and seminar}^
There is first a primary or preparatory department, and this is followed by
eight regular classes, each of which is supposed to require a year's time. To
the primary class children are admitted after they have entered on their sixth
year, though they are really advanced into the eighth clas?, or the lowest of the
regular classes, until they have reached the ninth or tenth year. While the
pupil is presumed to spend a year in each class, he may, if intelligent and giving
evidence of superior capacity, pass through two classes in a single year. To
complete the entire course requires on an average seven and eight years. Pupils,
whether natives or foreigner^*, nre permitted to enter into any one of the classes
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRENCH DOMINIONg. 151
on passing the proper examinatioD. The studies of the foarth claes corre-
spond in general with the senior class.
There are three distinct categories of schools known under the respective
deeignationsof full hoarders, half hoarders, and day scholars. The first live
permanently in the institution, the price of tuition varying with the classes.
The full boardeni, or pensionaries, pay inthe eighth class 650 francs, or $130
per annum; in the first class 800 francs, or $160 per annum. This sum in-
cludes all expenses for washing and mending, for medical attendance, school
books, and stationery. At entering each pensionaire is obliged to bring with
him an outfit of clothing, and also of bed linen ; or he may purchase the outfit
of the institution at an expense of $100, payable in quarterly instalments.
The demi-pensionaire does not sleep in the institution. He is obliged to come
at ^ven in the morning and remain until eight in the evening, taking all his
meals and preparing all his recitations in the lyceum. The tuition fees n>r demi-
pensionaires vary with the class ; in the eighth class being 375 francs, or $70
per annum, and in the first class 500 francs, or $100 per annum.
The extfmeSf or day scholars, attend recitations two hours in theforenoon,
from eight to ten o'clock, and two hours In the afternoon, from two to four o'clock.
The hours of recitation are the same for all students and for all classes. The
to^on fees paid by day scholars vary from 80 francs, or $16, to 150 francs, or
130 per annum.
When it is borne in mind that the course of education in the lyceum is most
thorough, and in the higher classes embraces all the branches taught in the best
colleges in the United States, it must be admitted that the prices thus charged
are exceedingly liberal. In many of the larger cities, where the cost of living
» high, the actaal cost per student exceds the prices charged, the government
assessing on the public budget the excess.
There is one feature connected with the religious instruction of the students
in the lyceum which is especially noticeable for its liberality. There is a
Catholic chapel attached to the lyceum, in which religious services are regularly
held, and which are open to all who choose to attend. There is no obligation to
attend except upon those whose parents have expressed a wish to that effect.
In addition, twice a week an hour is set apart for the Protestant pastor to give
religions instruction to the Protestant children, and a similar privilege is extend-
ed to the Jewish rabbi in regard to Israeli tish children.
THE LA MARTINIBBE SCHOOL.
This celebrated educational institute is one of the special subjects of praisie of
the citizena of Lyons. It is, in fact, a manual labor school, devoted to the study
of the arts. It owes its existence to the munificent liberality of Major General
Claude Martin, who left to the city of Lyons a special legacy to be devoted to
furnishing gratuitous instructions in the arts and sciences. No greater boon
conid have been devised by philanthropy for the benefit of the working classes ;
and the name of General Martin deserves to stand on the roll of fame with that
of Stephen Girard.
Independently of the value of the real estate and the buildings devoted to the
:^chool, the annual income of that one legacy in $24,000, which sum has been
farther augmented by another endowment, by M. Eynard, of $3,000 a year.
The course of instruction in this school requires two years* study. Only day
Hiholars are admitted, who at the time of admittance must be between twelve and
fourteen and a half years of age. Applicants must, on entering, be able to read
«id write, and be well acquainted with the first foiir rules of arithmetic.
The principal studies are chemistry in the arts, and especially as applied to
ihedyer^s art; mathematics, geometry , algebra, trigonometry and mechanics, ma-
chinery and physical sciences, lineal perspective drawings, grammar and writ-
Digitized by V^OOQIC
152 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
iDg, aud the theory of the silk manufacture. These studie:^ arc practically
illustrated by actual manual labor in the work-shops. A course of practical sculp-
ture, of modelling and moulding, complete the course.
The aim of the institution is directly to popularize among the working" classed
the practical application of science to the arts, and thus to prepare and to keep
constantly ready a well-trained body of foremen smd head workmen to superin-
tend the different silk manufacturers, which make Lyons famous all the world
over. The instruction given in this school is entirely gratuitous. The average
number of scholars is between 400 and 500.
Brest — J. M. Gerras, Consular Agent,
JuNR 26, 1S65.
Since the inauguration of the railway connecting the city and the continent
generally I have been intending to lay before you the present advantages of
Brest as a seaport.
It is with that view I submit the following relative to the present history
and future prospects of this city.
Up to this time the commerce of Brest has remained wholly uudevclon^d.
This has been owing to its limited facilities ; its dock room being confined to
aome few hundred feet of quay at the entrance of the "Senfeld," and that prin-
cipally occupied by vessels of-war. Trade was there restricted to the first neces-
sities of the population.
Untfl recently none of the projects for improvement were carried into execu-
tion. At last, however, when the question arose of establishing a French line
of steamers between the Old World and the New, the people of Brest, appre-
ciating its geographical position and importance, and its great national facilities
as a port, submitted their impression to the government. The movement wa^
not at first fully successful, as rival localities had monopolized our foreign com-
merce, and wc had no railway, and were some fifty hours distant from Paris.
Ten years ago the construction of a railway between Brest and Paris was
pronounced wholly impracticable in view of the rugged nature of the country
aud the extraordinary expense which it would entail; but our "Breton" per-
severance did not fail us, and to-day we are enjoying its regards.
His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon visited Brest in 1858. He was at once
impressed with its extraordinary natural advantages, and decided to complete
what nature had so happily begun.
Since that period everything has progressed with marvellous activity. When
in 1853 the insufficiency of the government allowance threatened the works
with suspension the town came forward and pledged a loan of 4,000,000 franc^^
to enable it to carry on the undertaking. As president of the chamber of com-
merce I had the honor to submit the proposition to the government, and my
mission was crowned with success.
At the hXeJetes of the inauguration the French trans-Atlantic steamer Europe
was moored alongside our dock.
The following is a summary of the present commercial facilities of Brest :
1. It has an iron drawbridge connecting the two portions of the city, while
permitting the passage into dock of the vessels of the French naval marine.
2. The railway, which, since the 25th of April last, places us within sixteen
hours of Paris.
3. A second railway, which puts us in communication with Nantes and the
south of France. About forty kilometres, or twenty-five miles, yet remain to
be constructed. This link will be supplied within the next two years.
4. A harbor or dock bearing the name of the Emperor will soon have all the
accessories of a first-class dock ; also a floating dock of twelve hectares, some
120,000 yards in surface; also several thousand J^rds ofnu^^c^g.^
FREKCH DOMINIONS.
UiS
Bredt enjojs an almost exceptionable advantage in the fact that at every stage
•it the tide there is always sufficient water to float vessels of the largest
tonnage.
The land approaches are most excellent, and the light-hoiiscs at Ushant and
It Seins render access to the port as secure by night as by day.
The roadstead offers safe anchorage and is commodious, without currents, and
u closed in on all sides by high cliffs, affording full protection against southwest
^ea — the most violent experienced on our coast. In fact, it will be found, on
comparing Brest with the other seaports of the Atlantic and of the channel, that
it far surpasses them all in natural advantages.
It jet lacks some valuable accessories, such as shears, graving docks, &c. ;
bat these deficiencies will be supplied to meet the necessary demands of its com-
merce. Meanwhile the naval establishment here will supply these wants to the
commercial marine.
La Rochblle — Thomas P. Smith, Consul.
September 30, 1865.
* * * I am happy to state that American ships, which had disappeared
from this port during the war, are beginning to return.
The vintage has just closed, and the wine is more abundant, at a lower price,
and of a superior quality, than has been known for twenty years. Already the
restoration of prosperity is indicated by numerous orders from the United States,
which has given great satisfaction throughout this consular district.
Nantes — J. db la Montagnie, Consul
Statement showing tlte nationality, number^ tonnage, and crews of vessels ar-
rired at and departed from Nantes during the year ended September 30,
1S65.
ARBIVALS.
Xationalitj.
No. Tons.
KiiMiian
Swedish
Xorwejpan
I%Diah -
British
Hanoverian*
^ber German states*.
Han^eatic cities*
NVtberlands
Belpan
V<JTtn^e5e .-
S{4uiish
Anatrian ,
Italian
IViteJ States
7
6
42
1
236
1
38
2
25
1
2
8
1,803
1,565
11,383
282
49,398
76
7,106
1,106
3,340
143
338
1,615
Crews.
DJ'.PARTrRES.
No.
Tons.
80
68
494
14
2,368
5
287
42
202
7
19
142
2,246
1,292
96
30
7
38
1
244
1
32
o
2T
1
2
6
1
8
5
1,399
1,958
10,618
337
52,216
76
6,740
837
2,575
143
338
1,054
246
2.145
3,931
Crews.
67
75
409
14
3,374
5
308
42
150
7
19
112
12
8H
69
Total , :J80 I 81,693, 3,854
French 3,146 286,765 1 20.674
Aggregate 3,526 368,358 124,528
376
3,243
84,613
, 300,828
3,619 ' 385,441
4,749
20,474
25,223
* German.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
154
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description and quantity of imports and ixports qfXantes,
St, Nazaire and the small ports in tJie vicinity, during the year ended
September 30, 1865.
IMPOHTS.
Description. , Quantity.
French colonial sugar . . .quintals . , 240, 696
Foreign colonial sugar do... 184, 779
Coffee do... 21,246
Cocoa do... 4,728
Pepper do...' 4, 170
Grain and flour do. . . 91
Groundnuts do...| 24,800
Rice do... I 11,450
Lumber cubic metres. ' 284, 515
Cabinet wood do ' 1, 474
Dyewood 2,149
Coals quintals. 2,003,840
Oil— olive, palm, &c do. . . , 20, 957
Description.
QaactitT.
Iron, cast quintals. 34,784
bar and sheet do... 7,011
Lead do... 21,492
Zinc do... 1,376
Guano do... 108,572
Other manures do... 81,663
Cotton do... 1,364
Woollen goods do... 32,768
Cotton goods do... 15,818
Machinery do... 124,897
Steam engines do... 40,00u
Boats, iron do .. 164
EXPORTS.
Sugar, refined quintals.
Grain and flour do. . .
Meats, salted do. . .
Butter do...
Preserves do...
Mules number.
Leeches do...
•Wine tuns.
Manures quintals.
Oil cake do. . .
113,845
863,505
9,910
1,040
3,868
753
20,000
14,061
3,805
19,019
Building materials quintals . 71 , ^25
Thread, linen do. ..I 714
Woollen goods do...; 2,717
Cotton goods do... 921
Silkgo^s do... 587
Metals, manufactured do . . . 3, 686
Salt 28,3011
Potatoes 14,019
Timber, building 13,670
St Pierre — William F. Given, Vice Consul.
Ja.nuary 19, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit herewith — let. Comparative statement of ex-
portations from Martinique for the years ending December 31, 1863 and 1864,
respectively. 2d. Comparative statement of exportations from Martinique and
Guadeloupe for the year ending December 31, 1864. Guadeloupe, in 1863, ex-
ported 60,532 hogsheads of sugar, while in 1 864, including the refined sugar,
she exported only 31,812, a difference of 28,720. Martinique, in 1863, ex-
ported 60,918 hogsheads, and in 1864, 48,322, a difference of 12.596. It will
thus be seen, while in 1863 the exportation of sugar from Martinique exceeded
that of Guadeloupe only 376 hogsheads, in 1864 there was a difference in favor
of Martinique of 16,510 hogsheads. From the statement here presented it will
also be perceived that Martinique, in her exportations, has exceeded those of
Guadeloupe to the extent of 459,199 litres of molasses, 2,633,219 litres of rum,
151,851 kilos of cocoa, 301,458 kilos of casse, and 500,657 kilos of logwood ;
while the exportations of Guadeloupe have exceeded those of Martinique to the
extent of 209,288 kilos of coffee, 95,366 kilos of cotton, and 112,200 kilos of
roucou
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
ENC:
155
Comparative statement showing the exports from Martinique for the years
ended December 31, 1863, and December 31, 1864.
Description.
Sncrar kilograms
Molasses litres
Ram and tapia do.
Coffee kilos
Cotton do.
Cacao do.,
Casse
LojTwood
1863.
1864.
30,458,778
24,161,246
84,928
621,494
5,455 051
3,031,043
32, 161
10,706
1,500
10.135
258,127
221,076
362,589
302,297
731,556
619,596
Comparative statement of the exports from Martinique and Guadeloupe for
the year ended December 31, 1864.
Description.
Martinique. Guadeloupe.
Sugar, refined kilograms.
.Suffar, raw kilograms .
Molasses ^ litres.
Komand tapia litres.
Coffee kilograms.
Cotton kilograms.
Cii4!ao kilogram's.
Caste kilograms.
Lx>^ood, kilograms .
Rottcoo. kilograms.
Vanilla. kilograms.
24,161,246 '
621,494 '
3,031,048
10,706
10, 135 I
221,076 '
302.297 I
619,596 !
121,676
15,784,309
162,295
397.829
219,994
105 501
69,225
839
118,939
112,200
371,500
January 20, 1865.
I hare the honor to iDform you that during the year 1864, exclusive of
French vessels, there arrived at this port 1 46 British, 16 American, 3 Swedish,
3 Danish, 2 Portuguese, and 2 Netherlands, making a total of 172 foreign ves-
wls. About 100 were vessels plying between this port and the adjacent British
islands.
OCTOBBR 4, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit herewith my report on the trade of this consular
district during the year ended September 30, 1865. The total number of
American vessels arrived at this port during that period was 14 — ^seven brigs
and seven schooners — with an aggregate tonnage of 2,200^^'^.
The yield of sugar, the one great staple of this island, for the present year,
has been quite large — ^between 60,000 and 62,000 hogsheads — and from present
appearances the crop for next year will reach 65,000 hogsheads, against
4S,000 last year, and 61,000 in 1863. On the other hand, however, for some
time past, prices have ruled quite low in France, where the great bulk of the
^ugar made here has generally been sent, in consequence of which a great deal
of it has lately found its way into the New York market, where prices have
Wn more remunerative.
This is especially the case with the better qualities of the clarified sugar, of
vhich a considerable amount is now exported from this island.
There has been some increase in the quantity of cotton grown this year, but
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
156
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
the amount raised is still quite inconsiderable, probably not more than 40,000
kilos in all. More attention is now being given to the culture of this fibre,
however, especially in the southern portion of the island, which is well adapted
for the growthi and a considerable increase may be expected in succeeding
years.
The annexed tables will convey a pretty accurate idea of the progress of
trade between the United Stated and this island during the past two years.
Comparative atatcment showing the deacriplion, quantity^ and value of the
imports and exports to and from the United States at the port of St. Pierre
for the years ended June 30, 1864 and 1865, respectively.
IMPORTS.
Description.
Year euded June 30, J864. ^Tear ended June 30, ]^).
Quantity. Value. Quantity. VhIuc.
Staves
Salt beef. kilograms. .
Salt pork ^
Lard
Butter
Codfish
Oil pumice
Vanoiis other kinds of manure
Flour
Corn
Dried vegetables
Rice
Tobacco, (leaf) I
Lumber M . . I
•Shingles '.
Wines litres.. I
Candies kilograms..;
Shoes - ■.
' Musical instniments
Articles of brass, copper, tin, &c
Furniture
Other household articles '.
Merchandise not enumerated above . . .
45,095
179,300 I
190,556
68,634 ,
4, 198
349,763
570,206
24,882
2,955,570
481,915
33,351
20,780
221,653
34,319
964
•33,288
58
529
Total .
Francs.
19, 193
124,433
171,742
103,092
8,775
167,678
88,512 I
5,552 .
1,45:^,738 1
89,063
9,726
12,468
539,340
13,634
8,500
119,629
108,563
33,508
622
107,699
298,910
Francs.
1,36")
64,916
12^,292
50,160
1,492
43,165
44,16:'.
1,447
44,006
100
572
6,482
113
467,586
1,621,760
193,784
•32,413
148,243
53,645
198,028
90,000
358
18,273
16
15
157
3,327,252
761,191
57, l>7
12,4(M
82,9U9
121, 43^
93,079
1,44J)
SS,5:?2
41)
t)<i
401
14. ^lU
192, U95
1,094,645
EXPORTS.
Sugar kilograms. .
Molasses litres . .
Cocoa kilograms..
Liquors litres. .
Tapia litres. . .
Merchandise not enumerated above...
2,271,467
299,500
Total .
60
411
788,524
81,759
108
111
169,500
231,940
152, 148 I
430
471
115.55^
130.421^
473
11?
1,040,002 1 246,574
In explanation of the great excess in the amount of imports for the first of
these years, it may be stated, that duiing the most part of that year flour and
other provisions were remarkably low in price in the United States, which fact.
Digitized by V^OOQK:!
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
157
added to the high rate of exchange then prevailing in theiP favor, induced the
merchants here to obtain a much greater amonnt of those articles from there
tluLD Qsnal — probably more than half the amount consumed here — whereas^
g«oeraIlj speaking, the larger portion of the provisions, as well as dry goods
and such like, used here, come from France.
The importations for the year ended June 30, 1865, may be taken as a fair
a?enige for many years past, if we except the articles of lumber and shingles
which, before the war, were generally ten or twelve times the amount here
sUted.
I K'e no good reason why, with a resumption of the trade with the lumber
districts of Uie Carolinas, it may not be quite as considerable hereafter.
Comparative siafefneni showing the nationality, number, and aggregate tonnage
of the vessels arrived at the port of St. Pierre for the years ended June 30,
1864, and June 30, 1865.
Nationality.
1 Tear end
1
ed June 30, 1664.
Tonnage.
Year em
No.
1
78 :
32;
358 j
led Jane 30, 1865.
;«..|
Tonnage.
Fnnce . ... • •..........••••..•
in'
392 ,.
1 1
21,447.35
6,841.56
30,048.87
20,714.9^
Tnited States
4, t»66. 9»
French colonies and other countries .
26,430.12
Total
' 518 1
1
.58,337.78
468 .
51,712.10
The followiug are the average prices of the principal articles of exportation
of this island for tho past six months :
Raw sugar, 19 to 23 francs the 50 kilograms ; clarified sugar, 30 to 36 francs
the 50 kilograms ; logwood, 56 francs the 500 kilograms ; molasses, 16 to IS
fnocs the hectolitre ; tapia, 32 to 34 francs the hectolitre.
No changes have been made in the colonial tariff or port regulations during
the past year.
Statement showing the description and quantity of exjwrts Jrotn Martinique
during the nine months ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Sujar hogsheajls
MoWs^ litres
Ram and tapia do.
Coffee kilograms
Cacao , • do. ,
r.<tou do..
Cw«»!a do.,
Logwood - < do..
Quantity.
51,867
187,184
3,611,182
43,168
208,056
44,553
369,648
360, 0(K>
Digitized by LjOOQIC
t
158 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
GUADBLOUPB — H. ThIONVILLB, CoMul.
Statanent showing the description and quantity of expwrts from Guadeloupe
for the nine months ended September 30, 1865.
Description. Quantity.
Sugar hogsheads.' 43,'2f)fi
Molasses litres. 144, %4
Rum and tapla do.. 94'2,ft?.r<
Coffee kilograms. 445.247
Cacao do.. Tf'.Ty?
Cotton do.- 229/21/7
Cassia do. . ; iJ^J
Logwood do.. I 124,61*)
Roucou...... do.. I 100, 63J)
Vanilla do.-| l,27*i
I
Havre — James 0. Putnam, Consul.
February 9, 1866.
EDclosed I have the honor to submit my annual statement of imports into
Havre for tlie year 1865.
While Havre has by no means recovered its former prosperity, it has been
relieved from much of the depression of 1864. The demand for tonnage to the
United States has been considerably greater than the supply, owing to tbe
great increase of exports since the close of the war. The French commercial
interests have been much disturbed by the conflict between Spain and Chile.
There is a large trade between Chile and this port, which has sought imperial
protection.
I am informed that the French government has now under consideration pro-
jects for a considerable extension of its steam line of postal navigation, viz :
1st. The establishment of a line from Port Louis, Mauritius, to Point de Galle,
Ceylon, where it will join the French Messagcries line to Europe, India, China,
and Japan. 2d. A line from New Caledonia to Sidney, Melbourne, and Port
Louis, in conjunction with a line from the latter place to Aden and Suez. 3d.
A line from Port Louis to the Cape of Good Hope, and thence to Rio Janeiro,
to join the French line to BraziL
In connexion with this subject, I have thought that the results obtained by
the French transatlantic line of steamers since its establishment would prove
interesting to the department, and I beg to state that the transatlantic com-
pany made, during the year 1864, seven trips to New York. Its aggregate
receipts for freight and passengers amounted to 734,000 francs, or $146,800,
while the subsidy allowed by the French government, per round trip of eacli
steamer, was 117,000 francs, or $23,400. In 1865 the receipts for nine voyages
were 1,860,000 francs, or $372,000. The receipts of the same company's line-
to Vera Cruz for 1865 exhibit an increase of fifty per cent, over the receipts
of 1864. In March next the company will have five steamers of 1,300 to 1,500
horse power, on the Havre and New York line, and six of 1,200 horse power,
one of 600, and five of lesser power, for the secondary line of the West Indies,
Panama, and intercolonial.
I understand that from the 15th March next the company intends to employ
some of its vessels exclusively in conveying emigrants and goods from this port
to New York ; in which case there will be from that date a weekly departure
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:! ^
FRENCH DOMINIONS.
151)
to the United States. The establishment of a regular line between Havana and
New Orleans is likewise in contemplation.
A return just issued shows that the eflfectivo force of the French merchant
marine, sailing vessels, and steamers included, on the 3l8t December 1S64, was
15,184 in number, and 998,519 in tonnage. On corresponding day of the pre-
vious year the numbers were 985,235.
Statement showing the number and tonnage of the merchant marine nj France
at the close of the year 1864.
Veseela of—
Number.
Tonnage.
"<>i< tons and upwards
50
31
50
119
256
296
639
1,286
1,541
1,586
963
1,595
6,776
58,246
22,943
32,433
65,196
114,605
104,826
155,318
181,116
7uiioc^X) tons
rt«0 10 700 tons
■j*"^ to 600 tons
4< HI to 500 tons
ijtm to 400 tons
■iJJO to 300 tons
liHj to 2t)0 tons
♦m to 100 tons
f
117,759
aO to 60 tons
67,742
23,635
*2»)to30ton»
1»J to 20 tons
23,113
31,588
Below 10 tons
Total
15,188
998,520
Of the aboire, 3,596 vessels of 41,197 tons were employed in what is termed
"the little fishery" on the French coast; 6,691 vessels of 33,877 tons belonged
to the Atlantic ports, and 1,905 vessels of 7,630 tons to the Mediterranean.
14,954 emigrants have embarked at this port for the United States during
the year 1865.
Comparative tahle of importations of cottons into Havre during the years
1863-'64-*65.
Where from.
1865.
I
Bales,
NVw Orleans and Texas I 17,112
Mobile 1,871
Charleston and Savannah '
New York
limU
India and China
' Hher countries
Total 295,629 [ 256,939
1664. 1863.
Bales,
4,229
Bales,
3,356
209,715
Digitized by LjOOQIC
160
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Stock of cotton on hand at Havre on (he Zlst of December of the following years :
Years.
Bales.
1865.
1864.
1863.
1862.
1861 .
1860.
1859.
1858.
1857.
1856.
1855.
1854 .
ISS.^ .
34,2!5t»
51, 1411
23,260
56,785
137,ajO
105,020
45, 130
136,690
82,600
46,800
53,650
72,250
21,000
Cojnparative tabic of arrivals of vessels at Havre during the years 1864- '65
from the United States.
New York
New Orleans . .
Mobile
Philadelphia . . .
Baltimore
Kicbniond, Va.
Where from.
Total.
1 I ^
C
>5
37
16
1 I.
3|.
2 .
1 .
60
73
^0
Comparative table of departure of vessels from Havre for ports of the United
States during the years 1864-'65.
Where for.
e
5z;
i
New York
46
6
1
47
New Orleans
«>
Baltimore , -.. .
Total
53
4V>
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS
161
Comparaiive stafement showing the nuTJ\her of vessels entered and cleared at
Haure during the years 1864-*63.
Where from.
Rassia
Sweden
Norway .....................
Denmark
Great Br^ain.
Germao Confederation
Free Citiei of Hecklenberg
Netherlands
Bd^om
Portn^l -
Spain
Italy
Awtria
Tnrkey, dtc
Egypt
Barbaiy States
Western coast of Africa
British Indies, &c
Philippine islands
China and Ooeanica .^
loited States
Mexico and Gaatemala
New GninadA
Venezuela
Braals
Cragnay
Argentine republic
Ecuador and Patagonia
Peni and Boliria
ChiU
Hayti
Spanish West Indies
DTitch West Indies
Britiih West Indies and Canada
Reunion
Martinique
Goadeloupe ^ . . .
French Guiana
French Indies, Mayotte, &,c. . .
!!^eQenmbia and Gaboon
Whale, teal, and other fisheries
Coasting traders
Total.
ENTERED.
1865. I 1864.
33
69
74
1,162
7
116
53
65
82
38
4
1
6
1
52
55
101
8
28
1,121 1
11 I
102 I
64 I
44
60 I
33 '
7 I
2
60
21
4
14
122
44
38
33
12
76
54
2
16
4
35
43
8
1
7
3,277
5,620
10
56
2
3
94
22
8
17
111
41
22
1
71
14
83
73
1
17
8
:%
30
5
2
8
2
3,416
5,813
Where to.
Russia
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Great Britain
German Conft^eration
Free Cities of Mecklenberg
Netherlands .^. ,
Belgium .". ,
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Austria
Turkey, &c
Egypt
Barbary States
Western coast of Africa
British Indies, &c
Philippine inlands
China and Ooeanica
United States
Mexico and Guatemala
New Granada
Venezuela
Brazils
Uruguay
Argentine republic
Ecuador and Patagonia
Peru and Bolivia
Chili
Hayti
Spanish West Indies
Danish and Durch West Indies
British West Indies andCanada
Reunion
Martinique
Guadeloupe
French Indies, Mayotte, &c. .
Senegambia and Gaboon
Whale, seal,and other fisheries
French Guiana
Coasting traders ^
Total.
CLEARED.
1865. 1864.
23
63
98
18
1,145
10
95
52
67
88
39
27
4
13
1
3
7
5
52
28
7
8
88
11
21
1
17
22
19
38
6
8
8
43
33
2
13
2
1
3,315
5,501
21
30
107
36
1,395
5
83
58
61
75
31
11
2
1
13
3
12
4
51
28
4
14
85
16
16
2
24
27
27
37
6
9
12
25
28
1
13
3
3,532
5,912
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
Barcelona — John A. Little, Consul. «
January 16, 1865.
I bave the honor to transuit herewith the following report of the imports into
^ exports from the ports of Barcelona and 'i'arr^gona, to and from the
I'Dlted States, for the quarter ended December 31, 1864 :
11 c R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
162
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Imports — 434,950 etaves, 555 boxes of petroleum, and 3 boxes sewing ma-
chines.
Exports — 365 bales and 6 boxes of corks, containing 9,135,720 corks of dif-
ferent sizes, valued at $7,533 82.
Tarragona imported 143,000 staves, and exported 4,672 gallons of red wine,
valued at $1,822 08.
Statement showing the quantify/ of cotton entered at Barcelona during the fourth
quarter ^1864, together with the name of the port whence shipped.
Ports whence shipped.
Quantity.
Ports whence
Marseilles
Matanzas
Palma
Parabiba
Seville
shipped.
bales..
do...
do...
do...
do...
Quantity.
Cadia bales..
Cette do...
Havana do. . .
tiverpool do. . .
S^aratiham do. . .
1,293
384
323
927
550
3,^>
1,323
70
• ■ Total
10.307
ji^uantity imported from January 1
1 to Sept€m1
ber30. J864
76,434
Total for the year 1864
86.741
Statement showing the number^ tonnage, and nationality of vessels entered at
' Barcelona during the quarter ended December 31, 1864.
Rationality.
I No.
:Vnited States 2
Austria^. ., { 4
Jkilish.^» .... , 12
&lgiant. 1
Oauish., 5
S*rench.. ^,, 12
Grecian .,t,..,-,. 1
tNetherlands. .,.^-.,1 .*.... 2
Nationality.
No. ■ Tons.
Italian j 27 j
Prussian i II ,
Russian ' 4 i
Spanish i 588'
Swedish and Norwegian . . j 31
*L
4,936
3, 422
2,U72
64.333
9,UU7
Total.
r
700
92,434
Tabular statement showing the number, tonnage, and crews of Spanish and
Jo7'etgn vessels entered at Barcelona during the year 1864, together with the
';' number of j)a^itngdrs d>id the amount of steam power employed.
,-ii
'Nationality.
Where from.
No. I Tons. Crews.
Spanish .'. ; AsWand America.
Do 0 Foreign ports
Ito .-* .. V 4- Coasting Ivewels . .
Do Small coasters
r transit..
Foreign with wgo^^ /-r
Foreign in bali&st or trat
:l • ,.;X0tal;-f-, ...]-. y»,.-.'--J*H-i-. ,►*►... .,,..4-...
225
655
3,001
1,972
549
39
•■• -t' ^
I
46,008
117,231
205,016
:«,528
134,137
6,613
6«54l 541,533
2,850
11,754
26,972
9,790
5,550
346
Horse
power.
® a
47,262
815
47,273
66,651
180
115
400
4.299
25,939
2:«
20
9
115,034 30,899
Digitized by
Googk
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
163
OCTOBBB 14, 1865.
The commerce between the United States and this consular district has con-
tinaed-in such a depressed condition since my report of 1864, that I have little
information to communicate in my report for the year ending September 30,
1S65, farther than a statement of the movement of vessels at the port of Barce-
loDa, the importations of cotton, and a list of the few imports and exports from
ind to the United States. The financial and industrial crisis from which Spain
his suffered so much, still continues with little or no melioration, and the gen-
eral unsettled state of the country gives little encouragement for commercial en-
teqirise. From the 10th of August last, business of all kinds has been com-
pletely suspended on account of the breaking out of the cholera. ♦ ♦ •
Stalemenl showing the number , nationality, and tonnage of vessels entered at the
port of Barcelona from October 1, 1864, to September 30, 1865.
Natiooalitj.
American...
Austrian
Belgian
Danuh
English
French
Greek
HanoTerian .
Hambnrg ...
No.
Tonnage.
7
3,341
10
3,417
6
1,368
8
1,285
90
25,498
79
6,737
2
508
1
183
1
94
Nationality.
No.
Holland
Italian
Mecklenburg
Oldenburg
Portupiicse
Prussian
Russian
Spanish
Swedish and Norwegian .
9
154
5
1
5
47
34
2,402
58
Tonnage.
1,206
26.900
611
166
752
15,874
13,407
283,771
19,212
Year ending September 30, 1865.^Total. . .
Year ending September 30, 1804. — ^Total. . .
2, 919 vessels ; tonnage, 404, 430
3, 564 vessels ; tonnage, 510, 281
Difference .
645
105, 851
Statement showing the amount of cotton imported into Catalonia Jrom October
1, 1864, to September 30, 1865, and also the number of bales from the several
ports of shipment.
Bales.
From Adra 26
Aguadilla 478
Alexandria 150
Bdhia 307
Cadiz 1, 632
Carril 3,416
Cette 6, 344
Gienfaegos 11
Genoa 19
Gibraltar 20
GuayaquU 62
Guia 619
Havana 2,810
Ibira 10
Liverpool 7, 668
London 50
Malaga 95
Malta 370
Bales.
From Manzanillo . . : , . . 31
Maranon 550
Marseilles 29, 838
Matamoras 676
Matanzas 1, 554
Mayaguez 3, 062
Matril 77
Palma 588
Parahiba 1,803
Pernambuco 9, 700
Ponce 97
Puerto Cabello 540
Puerto Rico 162
Santender • 200
Seville 70
Trinidad 50
ToUl : 72,085
Digitized by
^^oogle
164 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the import of cotton into Catalonia from
1859 to 1864, inclusive.
1859 111,737 bales, weighing 2,402.849 arrobas.
1860 110,575 bales, weighing 2,358,934 arrobaa.
1861 113,669 bales, weighing 2,274,679 arroba*.
1862 73,285 bales, weighing 1,169,592 arrobaa.
1863 1 06,043 bales, weighing 1,519,591 arrobaa.
1864 89,232 bales, weighing 1,161,520 arrobaa.
Statement showing the imports and exports of Catalonia from and to t\e
Lnited States from October 1, 1864, to September 30, 1865.
IMPORTS, BARCELONA.
787 gross mil. staves,
555 cases petroleum, and
3 boxes sewing machines.
IMPORTS, TARRAGONA.
812 gross mil. staves.
EXPORTS, BACBLONA.
Value.
2, 199 bales and 6 boxes, containing 53,903,440 corks $47, 400 70
100 quarter-casks red wine .^ 1, 574 04
Total $48, 974 74
EXPORTS, TARRAGONA.
Value.
9f 344 gallons common red wine $3, 644 16
150 barrels common red wine 1, 953 17
74 barrels claret wine 1, 093 10
1, 204 quintals licorice root 3, 658 7d
40 boxes licorice paste 1, 913 40
Total *12, 262 58
Total value of exports to the United States during the year $61, 237 32
About one- third of that of the preceding year.
Malaga — John R, Geary, Consul
December 31, 1864.
Trade with the United States from this consular district has been very limited
during the quarter ended this day.
The value of imports of American produce by American vessels amounted to
$48, 242.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
165
The exports to the United States daring the quarter have been unusually
small, compared with previous quarters during the vintage season. The exports
in American vessels amounted to $173, 201 00
In foreign 159, 640 00
Total exports by American and foreign vessels. 3j2, 841 00
American and foreign entered during the present quarter $2, 607 00
This market continues dull. At the present moment there is very little com-
mercial animation.
No change in prices to communicate excepting in raisins, which have been
declining, and may be quoted to-day, as follows: boxes, layers at $1 ; boxes,
banch, SO 75. The stock on hand is large, and most of it would go forward
to the United States should encouraging advices be received.
Freights to the United States for lead, $5 per ton ; for fruit, $10 to $11.
The stave market continues dull, owinsr to the heavy stock on hand. Large
pipe staves may be quoted at $1 65, and light pipe at $1 30 per md.
Exchange, — On London, 47.50 to, 60; Paris, 5.22; Hamburg, 44.30.
There have been no royal orders or edicts affecting the trade with the United
btales.
Statement showing the natumalUy and number of sailing vessels and steamers
entered at tJie pert of Malaga during the year 1864; also their total tonnage
and number of crews.
Nationality.
No. of
sailing
vessels.
No. of
steamers.
. Nationality.
No. of
sailing
vessels.
No. of
steamers.
United States
21
1,253
137
32
32
38
17
32
Netherlands
11
5
10
7
17
J
1
I
1
10
Spuuth. (coasters in-
cluded). 1
British
420
24
14
Haytian
Prus*»iai*
Bassian
2
French
Portuguese --.
Italian
Greek
Swedifth and Norwegian)
DMiish...
Roman. . . , ^ - --t
Austrian ^..x, -,
^^i^'nniin. '
Belgian --.
2
Total number. . ...
1,616
472
Total tonnafre
86,190
14,500
180,000
Total of craws
14,160
Digitized by LjOOQIC
166
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative tabular statement showing the tonnage^ number of American vesseU
and their crews arrived at the port of Malaga during the period of nine
years ended December 31, 1864.
Years.
Namber
of
vessels.
Register
of
tonnage.
CREWS.
American.
Foreign.
Total
1856
63
66
50
50
75
40
46
26
22
15,793
17,901
15,777
16,409
22,092
11,823
13,511
10,437
7,245
431
446
406
412 !
563 1
303 1
353 ,
267
184
76
39 i
56|
43 '
48
25
14
5
'i
5(J7
1857
1%
1858
462
1859
455
I860
611
1861
. 32^
1862
367'
1863
272
1864
185
* Decrease owing to foreign chartera, particularly Britiih.
Comparative statement shotoing the description and value of imports into Mal-
aga from the United States in American and Spanish vessels during the period
of nine years ended December 31, 1864.
In American vessels.
Description.
Value.
In Spanish vessels.
Description.
Value.
o
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
$228,030
362,781
308,052
158,066
376,995
114,503
133,021
184,531
.do ; 153,842
Staves, flour, com, &c...
do
do
Staves
, do
do
do
do
Cotton $168,700
••I
do.....
....do.
....do.
....do.
do.
....do 502,027
Staves 15,322
....do 35,222
163,300
190,780
457,650
187,289
220,626
9396,730
526,081
496,833
615,716
564,284
335, 129
635,048
199,853
189,064
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS,
167
Comparatice statement showing the description and value of exports from the
consular district of Malaga to the United States in American and foreign
ccuels during the nine years ended December 31, 1864.
Year'. iCVtcription.
lo;....
Frail
LMd.
If57....
Frait
L«ad
l^.-IP....
Frait.
Lead
Iri}. . . .
Fruit
LMd
Itfti)-...
Fruit
Lead
mi....
Fruit
Lead
l^....
Fruit
Lead
1*3...
Frait
Lead
Ic64....
Frait
Lead
Whence exported.
Malaga
Almeriaand Adra..
Malaga
....do
...do
... do
....do
....do
..-.do
do
...do
....do
....do
. do
do
...do
....do
...do
Nationality.
In United States
In foreign
veaueLi.
ve8«»eU.
$1,240,907
^i.i:r :|60
76.370
l^^: .170
1,118.847
--J. !.99
153, 867
^- ;99
746,994
i-.'.'^
120, 936
M :98
1,109,880
- 745
79,143
■i.i.'>80
1, 684, 475
.■ -. m
91,049
-1 186
473, 491
!-.;Sl
5,550
V. im
495,626
1 (J. ^65
114.445
I-. 727
290,749
■■■:■'. (96
19, 178
■.u.m
253, e:J«
'■'■K 188
26,805
i \.M2
Total.
! Decrease.
-I
$849,697
I $1,009,007 '
I 2,221,112
I 1,371,415
I 1,922,848
j 2,663.117 j
I 636,322^2,008,795
I 1, 071, 663
I 1, 074, 491
I 963,971 110,520
Incrcaie.
$312, 105
551,433
742,269
415, 341
2.828
March 31, 1S65.
I have the honor to make the following report on the trade with the United
States from this consular district for the quarter ending the 3 1st of March, 1865 :
The importations of American produce, consisting as usual of staves, amrmnted
in Talae to 818, 245, and by foreign vessels to $24,000 ; total value of staves
imported, $42, 245. The stock of staves on hand is large, and dull of sale ;
pipe staves, heavy, at $1 70; light, at $1 25.
The value of exports for the same period, by American flag, amounted in
value to $35,727 ; and by foreign flags to $196,469 ; total value oi exports
to New York and Boston, $232,196.
This market has become firmer. Owing to the late favorable reports from
the United States the stock bas been brought up, and prices have advanced.
There remains a stock of about 100,000 boxes of raisins, all of which must go
forward to the United States during the present spring months, together with
the usual shipments of lead and mixed articles. The following aie the quota-
tions of the market :
Raisins, layers, $1 30 to $1 60 per box ; ditto, bunch, $1 20 to $1 25 per
box; almonds, casks of 100 lbs., $4 25 to $4 50; ditto, soft shell, $4
per fanega; licorice paste, per 100 lbs., $11 to $12 ; ditto, sticks, per 100 lbs.,
83; mats, per dozen, $3 to $3 50 ; lead, per quintal, S4 10 to $4 20. Wines :
Malaga, common white, per arroba, $1 65 to 1 1 75 ; ditto sweet, $2 to $2 20 ;
red. S3 ; Malaga superior, $4 30 to $12, according to age.
Exchanget. — On the United States, no regular course ; London, 90 to 50 ;
Paris, 5.25; Hamburg, 11.55.
Freights have continued very low. Lead, to the United States, has been
lately shipped at $4 and $5 per ton, and other articles $6, with but little
offering. There has been, for some time past, a great falling off in the arrivals
Digitized by LjOOQIC
168 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
A. M. Hancock, Consul.
iSBPTBMBBR 30, 1865.
The close of the war has stimulated the trade with the United States, and it now
promises to approximate that of former years.
Raisins this year are very abundant and exceedingly fine. So far there has
been but little demand except fir the American market. The crop is variously
estimated from 1,500,000 to 1,800,000 boxes, and the presumption is that at
least a million of boxes will find their way to the United States — ^an amount
nearly equal to that of ISGO, which year was characterized by the largest ship-
ments ever made to that country.
The price this year opened at S2 per box for layers and $ L 90 per box for
bunch. The price has since fallen to $1 20 for bunch. So large an amount of
money was made on tlie shipment to the United States the past spring that it
has caused a number to embark in the American trade heretofore not engaged
in it.
The crop of lemons is small, but the fruit is very good. There are four crops
of lemons in a year, or, in other words, a continuous crop, for the trees bloom
every month ; some months much more than others. Previous to the 1st of
September they are sold by the thousand. A thousand of the first of the crop
fill four boxes, (called here quarter boxes,) tlie size shipped to the United
States. After the 1st of September they are sold by the box. Then the fruit
is smaller, and a box, or four quarter boxes, will contain from eleven to fourteen
hundred. I'he prices have ranged frum $3 50 to $1 25 per quarter box.
Figs are abundant, but the fruit small.
Wmes promise a large yield. Prices for new wine average from $14 to $18
per quarter cask of 30 to 32 gallons.
Almtmds have had a good yield, but the fruit is light. There is now no de-
mand for shipment, hence no fixed prices.
Of packing grapes the crop is small, but the fruit good. Prices are high —
from $3 to $5 for keg of 25 pounds.
Ff eights. — American vessels are in demand, and many more than are now
here could get charters if they were within reach of us. Freights to New York
or Boston vary from seven to ten dollars per ton. A few days ago an English
steamer sailed from this port direct to New York with fruit. This is the first
steamer that has sailed direct from this port to the United States, and if the ex-
periment is successful the probability is that steamers may entirely supersede
sailing-vessels in this trade.
The imports for the last year were 1,494,662 staves, and 6,946 sleepers, or
cross-ties, for the railway between this city and Cordova. The total value of
imports was S540,000.
During the year ended this day thirty-nine United States vessels entered this
port, with an aggregate tonage of 13,589 tons.
The grain crop throughout the peninsula is fully an average one, and the
? rices of wheat and Indian com are a shade lower than at this season laat year,
'he first quality of wheat is selling at $2 80 to 2 85 per fanega of 95 pounds.
Com is selling at $2 15 the fanega. At the same time last year the first quality
of wheat sold at S3 05 to $3 10 Uie fanega, and Indian com at $2 20 to $2 30
the fanega.
In 1860, the year before the war, the exports from this consulate to the United
SUtes were valued at $2,665,117. In 1861, at $656,322, adecrease of $2,008,795.
In 1862, the value of exports to the United States reached the sum of $1,071,063,
an increase over the previous year of $415,341. In 1803, the estimated
valae was $1,074,491, an increase of $2,828 over the year 1862.
Digitized by
Google
SPANISH DOMINIONS. 169
Iq the jeax 1S64, it amounted to $963,971, a decrease on the value of exports
of 1863, of $110,520.
These results are for the entire year, and for the first nine months of the
present year those exports amount to $1,089,888, showing an increase over the
vear 1864 of $126,1 17.
Mj impression is that the exports to the United States this year will exceed
those of the last year by half a million dollars at least.
A recent able review of the statistics of Spain contains the following state-
ments : About the time of Julius Caesar Spain contained a population of about
68,000 000 ; but in 1688, it had decreased to about 8,000,000. But from that
period the increase has been continuous. In 1768, the population had risen to
9,307,800 ; in 1789, to 10,761,480. In 1797. it exceeded 12,000.000. In
1820, it had fallen to 11,000,000. In 1823, it had ag^aiu risen to 12,000,000;
and in 1828, to 13,698,029 ; but the official returns of 1837 register only
12,222,872 ; and a new tendency to decrease commences. In 1842 the popula-
tion did not exceed 12,054,000. It gained about 110,000 in 1846, but fell
to 10,942,000 in 1850, if the official documents of that period may be credited,
which they are not, for in 1861 a census, said to be taken with the greatest
care, shows the population to be about 16,000,000.
This population is scattered over a surface of 506,668 kilometres, which
makes it very thinly peopled. About 46 per cent, of the whole surface of the
kingdom is still uncultivated; and of 3,803,991 able-bodied men, 125,000 be-
long to the clergy, 541,335 to the army, navy, and the class of military func-
tionaries, and 428,716 to the nobility ; of the remainder, 47,312 were students,
5,633 advocates, 9,351 writers, 27,922 belonging to the customs, and 506,090
were servants, showing a total of 1,225,799 men living apart from all manufac-
tnring or agricultural labor.
The export trade of Spain, which in 1849 was only 570.000,000 francs,
was in 1861, 865,000,000, but it was only in 1853, '54, and *55n that the ex-
ports exceeded the imports.
The railway between Malaga and Cordova is nearly completed. The cars
have been running regularly between the two places for about six weeks. On
the fifteenth instant the road from Cordova to Madrid was opened to Bailen,
whieh puts us now in railway connexion with the capital of the kingdom,
excepting about four hours staging from Bailen to Yenta de Cordenas.
No new manufacturing establishments have been put in operation since trans-
mitting my last report.
Exchange on London is 50 to 50^^, On Paris, 5^^^. On Hamburg,
^^iVif' at 90 days.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
170
ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of the exportsfrom Mal-
aga to the United States during the year 1865.
Description.
Raisins boxes . .
Do frails..
Do ^..keps..
Do casks . .
Do barrels..
Do half barrels. .
Do cases. .
Almouds frails . .
Do barrels . .
Do boxes . .
Do bags..
Olive oil quarter casks. .
Do barrels. .
Olives kees..
Do barrels . .
Do half barrels-.
Do jars. .
Grapes barrels..
Do half barrels..
Do kegs. .
Do half kegs..
Canary seed sacks..
Do barrels . .
Chestnuts frails . .
Quantity.
846, ]55
18,106
2,618
1,264
2,246
641
31
10,991
331
5,207
657
1,349
209
442
100
146
1,000
1,336
500
4,688
617
505
100
25
Description.
Figs drams.
Do half drums.
Do quarter drums.
Do eighth drums .
' Do boxes .
Do half boxes.
Do frails.
Lemons boxe^ .
Do half boxes .
Do half chests .
Orange peel bales.
Oranges boxes.
Mats bales.
Wine quarter casks .
Do eighth casks.
Do barrels.
Licorice root bundles .
Licorice paste cases .
Palm-leaf hats bales .
Lead quintals.
Prunes boxes .
Garlic seroons.
Pimento sacks .
: Nuts bales.
Quantity.
lOU
2UI.)
100
m
250
2,200
300
26.076
300
67
230
IJOl
2!«
1,810
605
50
4,077
340
167
27,693
300
35
70
Total value of exports to the United Sutcs, $1,879,636 86.
RECAPITULATION.
The above exports were distributed as follows :
Nationality of ships.
Amount.
Ports of destination. Amonot
United States
(711,654 76
653,328 48
156,333 55
98,930 29
50,:J85 02
8,552 10
42,282 89
71,142 99
87,026 78
New York ' $1,349,743 11
British
Boston 335,002 12
Norwegian
Philadelphia 44,400 44
San Francisco 33,141 95
German
Spanish
Baltimore 55,996 68
Italian
New Orleans 61,352 56
Danish
Russian
Swedish
Total
1,879,636 86
Total 1,879,636 86
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
171
StaUmmi showing the description, quantity , and value of imports into and ex-
ports from Malaga in American and foreign vessels^ during the year ended
December 31, 1865.
IMPORTS.
• IN AMERICAN VESSELS.
IN FOREION VESSELS.
Description.
Qaantity.
Value.
Qaantity.
Value.
Total value.
8Ufc8 No..
Petroleam ... geXA..
970,635
2,068
$194, 127 00
1,096 00
555.200
40,361
$111,040
30,000
195,223 00
141,040
$336,263 00
BXPOR
TS.
Lfad. wine. Slc ....
$711,654 76
$1,181,239
1,181,239 76
Santander — Richard 0. Hanna, CotisuL
NOVBMBBR 20, 1865.
In BabmittiDg my report for the twelve months ended the 30th of September
of the present year, I have the honor to transmit the accompanying tables rela-
tive to the trade of Santander.
1. Return of "imports,** showing the quantities of merchandise which, accord-
ing to the books of the custom-house, have entered the port ; the countries
whence, and their estimated values.
2. (lomparison between the quantities and estimated value of the imports during
tlie last two years, showing their relative increase or decrease.
3. Return of ''exports," according to the quantities and values in the cus-
tomB accounts.
4. A table of comparison between the export trade during the last two jears^
contracting the increase and decrease respectively.
5. Return of merchandise entering and leaving the port coastwise during the
Ust twelve months, with increase and decrease as compared with the antecedent
year.
6. Return of shipping, foreign and coasting, which entered the harbor during
Ustyear.
7. Return of shipping, foreign and coasting, which cleared from Santander
daring the same period.
It will perhaps conduce to the simplicity of this report if I commence with
an analysis of the receipts by this custom-house before I proceed to an examina-
tion of the tables.
The duties which have been received upon imports by the custom-house at
Santander, are analyzed as follows :
Digitized by LjOOQIC
172
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the amount of duties collected during the years
ended September 30, 1865, and 1864.
g
Nationality. |
I |s
Ad
1865.
Fipaninh
Foreign
1864.
Spanlwh
Foreign .....
$380,620 80 $11,993 60 $375,591 50
25.730 50 157,275 50 I
406.351 30 I 169,269 10 375.591 50
$590,888 62 $65,943 87 $377,903 44
30,212 51 I 252,055 72 I
, 101 13 I 317, 998 59 377, 903 44
II
o «
a
B
$152,364 35
152, 364 35
$20, 522 19
20. 522 19
<
S
$1, 120 50
$5, 983 25 j $9?7. G76 00
183.006 00
1.120 50
IS
5
o
5.983 SS ,1.110,682 00
I $240,298 13
I 282.2G8 23
.11,522.596 35
Decrease of duties during the year ended September 30, 1865.
flpaniah
$210, 267 82
4, 482 01
$53.950 27
91, 780 22
$2,31194
$53, 157 84
*
• t J t319. 687 87
Foreign
t
99,282 23
214,749 83
148,730 49
2,31194
53, 157 84
418,950 10
' Increase in 1865, $1,112 59.
t Increase in 1865, $5,963 25.
The foregoing table of decrease shows a total of $418,950 10
Deduct the exceptional seizure and Asiatic import of 7,105 75
The real decrease amounts to .
411,844 35
Thus the duties have diminished nearly one-third. The trade between the
mother country and the colonies appears to have undergone but a slight fluctu-
ation. Goods are recorded to have contributed about a quarter less to the fiscal
revenue than in the previous year. The European trade produced but two-
thirds of what it did in 1864, and railways were accountable for a loss in duties
of nearly one-half.
IMPORT TRADE.
Although, as I have mentioned in former reports, the books of the custom-
house, in the presence of the prevalence of contraband trade, afford no reliable
evidence of the quantity of goods actually entering the ports of Spain, they
may, I believe, be considered as averages indicative of the rise and fall in the
demand of particular items.
In this point of view, and dividing the imports into the three great heads of
iron and its manufactures, of textile produce, and of colonial articles, they may
be taken to have indicated a large decrease under the first and second heads,
and an increase in the arrival of colonial articles, such as sugar, &c. These
show a total reduction, since my last report, to the amount of $3,001,563, nearly
all of which is covered by the foregoing list of principal articles.
This is contrary to the expectation which was prevalent a year since among
the commercial men of this place. It was supposed by them that the importa-
tions had been reduced so low by the causes then operating that it seemed that
auy variation must naturally be in the direction of an increase. But in making
my remarks upon the causes of these changes, as required by my instructions,
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SPANISH DOMINIONS. 173
il becomes mj duty to state that an io dependent cause has supervened to occa-
sion the disappointment of popular expectations of an increase in the severity
of the fiDancial crisis which occurred throughout Europe, and which wan felt more
especial] J in Spain, a country whose commercial system has been such as to require
the aid of foreign capital to give it even the slight vitality of which it -was then
io possession. This crisis was felt with peculiar force, not only in the capital
of the monarchy, but in Valladolid, which is the financial centre of Santander,
tnd in all other large towns, with which the commerce of the latter is closely
allied. Many join^stock or credit companies, banking associations, and mer-
cbants were compelled to call their creditors together, and several ceased opera-
tioDs under the administration of the bankruptcy laws. In Santander, also,
oiaoj merchants, considered to be large capitalists, and a joint-stock bank, have
had to submit to a similar fate.
November of last year (1864) was about the time when the monetary pres-
sure began to be most severely felt ; but in the ten months that have since
elapsed the pressure has been scarcely mitigated, and an idea can be formed by
the numner it has affected Santander, in the fact that the larger portion of the
importations, as represented in the tables, arrived in the first three of the twelve
nHMiths which the tables include, being, therefore, articles for which the contracts
had been previously arranged.
* * I have also referred, in former years, as well as in this report, to the
reported corruption of the revenue service, and that regular associations are
fonned in porta of export to this country for the delivery of goods at fixed rates
of charge, and by way of insurance against loss. But these associations are
not merely established with the sole object of defrauding the revenue; they
are encouraged as almost a necessity of commerce, and as protective even to the
honest trader, who is exposed to an infinite amount of vexation and loss of
time in introducing his goods through the custom-house. He must comply with
legolations which are ever changing, and to which he can with difficulty get
access. * * All goods must be carefully described in the port of origin,
with their weight in kilograms, which may be a difficulty where a different
iystem is used. After-corrections are rendered difficult, for the moment the
Spanish consul declares the register closed, it is only with infinite trouble and
expense, which practically amounts in the majority of instances to a prohibition,
that an amendment can be made to the register, allowing the ship to take more
cargo should it prove to be desirable — subjecting vessel and caigo to considera-
ble risk upon arrival at her port of destination. Any accidental variation be-
tween the manifest or bills of lading and the consular note is visited with for-
feitnre or heavy fine. It would be an endless task to enumerate the various other
obstacles to which the honest exporter is exposed. What wonder is it that he
id driven to what is to him the lesser of two evils, and commits the exportation
to a company who will undertake the business for him at a fixed charge ? — he
knows his loss, and has no further trouble.
These companies carry on their business very publicly, and their localities at
Bordeaux and Bayonne fl have been repeatedly told) are well known and
accessible. They are said to be well organized; on fine goods of but little
bolk they charge the sender for delivering them at his place of residence ten
percent on the value, and on coarser, such as woollens, fifteen per cent. Their
Qoderstanding with the customs at the places of imports is such that seizures are
very rare. • •
BXPORT TRADE.
There has been a small decrease in exports also, as will be seen by reference
to the table of comparison. No 4. A recent change in the law, allowing freer ad-
toissionofbreadstuffs into Cuba and Puerto Rico, and thus supplying a competition
to the chief staple of the export of Santander, may account for some of this,
Digitized by LjOOQIC.
174 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
althoagh time has not jet elapsed to bring out its fall results, since it took place
in April and Jane last. I shall more fully explain this in treating of the alter-
ations in cnstoms. Although the United States may supplant much of the
Spanish flour trade with the Spanish West Indies, notwithstanding the etill heavy
duty to which they have to submit on importing cereals to that market, it is
nevertheless believed by many that this alteration will be attended with benefit
to Santander, by forcing it into a nearer and more natural market. The monop-
oly by the farmers here of the Cuba market, combined with the prejudices and
anli(]uated notions, deprived Santander formerly of the European markets, ex-
cept at periods of more than ordinary scarcity abroad.
It can easily be conceived how serious the effect of the change will be to
Santander, when it is reflected that four-fifths of the total exportations from this
port to all parts of the world were covered almost by the item of flour to the
island of Cuba. Up to April last this flour was protected from the competitioo
of the United States flour by a duty of $9 50 per barrel. Now, unless the
prices formerly ruling be reduced, the rude and thinly-populated but fertile plains of
the Gastiles will supply nt me but the scanty population of the peninsula ; and the
simple remedy which they have hitherto used against low prices, namely, of letting
their land out of cultivation, will, by the renewal of the quasi prohibition of
foreign com in Cuba, react upon themselves. It is, therefore, supposed that in
the course of a year or two there will be an improvement in this respect, which
will be attributable to the above-mentioned change of duty. Already some
symptoms have been seen in the export, at the time I am writing, (November,)
of some cargoes of wheat to England.
Calamine, the carbonate of zinc, still continues to be exported without dimi-
nution on the account of a Belgian company, which has for many years absorbed
the extraction.
The export of iron ore (pyritous) has, in consequence of the unusually small
number of English vessels which arrived last year, fallen off ten thousand tons.
It is dependent upon there being active imports, with no demand for grain or
other substances which can afford the payment of a good return freight. The
copper and other mines still continue inactive.
COASTING TRADB.
By reference to the coasting trade table it will be seen that tobacco and salt enter
into it for the first time. These till last year wei-e sold and transmitted by and
on government account only ; but that systqm, the "estanco," has, so far as re-
gards salt and the carriage of tobacco, been materially modified. There appears,
therefore, to be somewhat of an increase in the inward and outward bound
coasting trade. Deducting these articles from the sum total, it will be seen to
be about the same as last year.
However great may be the variation, or however small in particular items,
they are due to temporary and local causes only, as in fact must generally be
the case, and I do not observe in those of this year anything to justify special
notice.
INTBRIVAL COMMUNICATION.
The Isabel Segunda railway still remains interrupted by eleven miles of slow
animal traffic along hilly roads.
The receipts of the company were as follows :
In 1862 $607,651 64
In 1S63 575,665 24 ; decrease of $31,986 40
In 1864 490,381 73 ; further decrease 85,283 51
The difference of income over working expenses during the last year being
. S0.9015 per cent., or $93,655 09. Digitized by ^OOglC
SPANISH DOMINIONS
175
NAVIGATION.
The following comparison of the foreign navigation for the two yeard ending
the 30th September, 1865, will show that the falling off in this respect has been
Id proportion to the lessened entry of merchandise. Two United States vessels
entered with cargoes of lamber, and it is reported that others will shortly arrive
laden with timber and cotton.
The comparison only includes the entries, as follows :
Comparative statement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels
enttred the port of Santander during the years ended September 30, 1864
and 1865.
Nationality.
Spsnish ,-. .
British
Norwegian
Frrnch
Gennan: Hanoverian
Hamburg . .
Bremen
Pruaaian . . .
Netherlands
Belgiam
Toiled States
Daniiih
Rassiaa
Itfttian
Total
1864.
No.
454
53
48
53
2
Tons.
1865.
No.
56,208
9.312
11,391
4,328
136
466
310
440
668
560
225
160
230 i.
312 |.
357
as
39
41
5
625 84,546 | 484
Tons.
47,075
5,562
10,440
3,825
542
1
410
1
217
1
300
1
347
2
939
1
238
69,895
AGRICULTURE.
The crops of wheat raised during the past summer were more than ordinarily
boQDtifbl. lu fact, they are the largest for many years. But in spite of the
severity of the crisis, the farmers who are the least affected by it of the wheat
nation are as yet loth to meet the ruling prices of the rest of this continent.
Sales of wheat are as yet few. I can add but little to what I stated last year
upon this subject, when I treated fully upon the obstacles offered to the trade.
ALTERATIONS IN CUSTOMS.
An alteration has been made in the duties on a class of Paris articles, such as
toothpicks, copper and bi*ass hardware, hooks and eyes for ladies* dresses,
iFkios, essences, animals, articles for wearing apparel, and gutta percha. Bat th|y
do not appear to me of interest to the United States, as the change was made in
consequence of a treaty between France and Spain to enable the two countries
more effectually to avail themselves of the construction of the now finished line
of railway between Spain and France. They have given the shipping interest
great dissatisfaction, as they afford the traffic by land a benefit of which the
railways will reap the advantage formerly enjoyed by vessels carrying the
Spanish flag, while nothing is done to relieve the latter from the vexations of
various kinds to which it is subjected.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
176 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The following is a tranplation of the Spanish royal order published in the
official gazette at Madrid, June 28, 1865, with regard to flour ;
Art. 1. National flour proceeding from Spanish ports under Spanish flag, im-
ported into the islands of Cuba and Puerto Ilico, shall pay no duty from the
Ist October, 1865.
Art. 2. Flour of other origin, or brought under foreign flag, shall pay on im-
portation into the islands named in the last article from the date fixed by the
same as the only duty for each barrel of 92 kilogram, equivalent approxi-
mately to 200 Gastilian pounds, (203 English,) the amounts stated as follows:
Spanish flour brought from Spanish ports under foreign flag, escndos 2, = $1.
Foreign flour under Spanish flag, from ports other than those of the United
States, escndos 7, = $3 50. Foreign flour under Spanish flag from United States
ports, so long as the act of June 30, 1834, relative to tonnage dues of Spanish
vessels, remains in force, escndos 8, = 4. Foreign flour under foreign flag, es-
cndos 8, = $4.
Art. 3. From the date expressed in the Ist article, the regulations of the Ist
April of this year are repealed, likewise whatever the same decree deprived of
force and vigor relative to the importation of floui* into the islands of Cuba and
Puerto Rico continues repealed.
For the purpose of understanding the effect of the foregoing change, I beg
to append the following comparisons, which appeared in the " Revista Hispano-
Amerlcana," converting the Spanish into English and the values into United
States specie:
*' Spanish flour : ^
*' Estimate of the state of the market before April 1, 1865.
" Cost of the barrel of flour in Santander $6 60
" Barrel and packing 65
'* Putting on board, commission and insurance 40
" Freight 1 50
"Breakage 35
" Duties 2 25
11 75
" North American flour :
" Flour in New York, including cask and loading $4 25
" Freight and insurance 75
" Commission 20
" Duties 1 9 50
14 70
** Difference in favor of Spanish flour 2 95
"The cost of flour, according to the decree of June 27, upon the same basis
of prices and expenses results as follows :
" Spanish flour under Spanish flag. $9 50
" North American flour 9 20
" Difference in favor of American flour. 30
•• The benefit obtained, then, amounts to an effective reduction of 3 25 per
barrel, a benefit which, by radical reform and the absolute suppression of duties
upon flour of any origin, might have arrived at the total of $9 50^ whicKamount
igi ize y g
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
177
tbe United States flonr formerly paid in duties, or, which is the same thing, eS.G
per cent, of its cost, before the 1st of April ; while at the present time it is
limited to only some 27.66 per cent., not the half. Notwithstanding the incom-
lateness of the reform, and yielding for the present to considerations of another
daesy we repeat that we may congratolate ourselves on account of it."
PROHIBITRD ABT1CLB8.
Articles prohibited to be imported remain the same as in my report of last
yetr.
StaUmaU skowing the average price ofataple imports and exports at Santander
during the year ended September 30, 1865.
QUANTTTY.
Value.
Description.
Spanish
English
Remarks.
measure.
measnre.
Wheat 1
Quintal..
....do....
Cwt
12 55
1 90
First class.
Indian com
Barter
....do....
1 50
1 50
1 75
.1 25
Bye
Aveniffe.
GarlMiwiot
Arroba...
....do....
^v
..do
Da
Bk»
Yalendan.
Potatoes.../.
....do....
..do
23
Flour
....do....
-do
..do
80
70
First class.
Do
do....
Second class.
Untton
Libra....
....do....
Ponnds..
10
9
Beef
Pork
....do....
20
1 70
Wine, oommon
AiToba...
25A
Oil
do
..di!
305
Brandy, (8paniBh)
....do....
..do
2 10
Cocos
....do....
..do
15 00
Do
....do....
..do
620
8agar, oommon
Seabiacnit
do
do....
..do
..do
2 75
1 05
Average.
I^rst class.
Do
....do....
..do
1 00
Second class.
Bnad
— do
..do
1 12
First class.
Do
....do....
..do
1 00
PORT CHARGES.
Port chaigefl remain without alteration, and are as set out in my last report.
12 C R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
178
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOSEION COMHERCE.
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SPANISH DOlCmiONS.
179
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180
ANNUAL BEPOST ON FOBEION COMMERCE.
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Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SPAinSH DOMINIONS.
181
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
182
AKNUAL REPOBT ON FOBBIGN COMMEBCE.
i
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
183
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Digitized by ^
184
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the nattanaliiy, tannage, number of veiseU, teith their crews «
entered and cleared at the port of Hantander from September 30, 1864, to
September 30, 1865.
ENTERED.
Nfttkmalitj.
Spanish .
Do....
Do....
Do....
Do....
Dutch...
English .
Belgian.
Danish . .
^MUiish.
Do
Do....
Do....
Do....
Do....
Do....
Do..-.
Do....
Do....
Eufflish.
Fieneh.
Do...
Norwoffian.
Dor?..-
Pnissian
HanoYeriaa . .
Bremen
United States
Do
Total.
Where fiN>m.
England . .
France
Belgium. . .
Norwajr. ..
Coastwise*
England..
Holland..
Belgium . .
Denmark .
England
France
Norway
Spanish possessions . . .
South American states.
Manila
Hamburg
Portugal
Bremen
Coastwiset
England....
Other places.
France ..
England.
Norway .
England .
Prassia
England
Bremen
Virginia *.
English possessions .
STEAMSmPS.
No. Total.
50
111
11
1
173
I
1
1
SAILIHG-SUIPS.
10
65
^n
60
21
2
2
1
I
632
30
36
5
37
2
816
33
41
1,116
Crews.
1,085
1,551
229
23
20
40
20
19
134
457
196
937
231
23
22
16
10
5,615
212
27
222'
32
373
20
10
27
14
10
9
11,586
Tonnage.
Port op Siiances— (Province of Santander.)
English
Enirland
10
46
148
276
975
French __-.
^M|^UHa%a. ...... ......
France
4,226
^otal
^
424
5,201
*The castom-hoaie makes no returns, perhaps Inclnded in list of salllng-shlpi.
't Nine months only ; for the first three months the oastom-houe makes no returns that could be procand.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SPIKISH DOMINIONS.
185
Port of San Vicentb de la Barovbra— (Province of Santander.)
Where from.
SAlLINfl-SHIPS.
CrewB.
NatioiiaMtj.
No.
Total
Tonnage*
Enriifth
England
ft
8
73
1
42
437
5
630
Knioch
France
4,602
96
HiiMTf^ri An
England
Total
83
484
5,387
Ports of Santona and Castro— (Province of Santander.)
gpuish
France... ••. .... ....
J4
1
75
7
237
...do
79
Total..
15
82
316
CLEARED.
Spaniah.
Do....
Do....
Do.,.,
Dntoh...
Bdpan.
Dtniah..
Engiiah.
Sptnish.
Do....
Do....
Do....
Do....
Eorlish .
't
Fmch.
Do...
Normian.
Do!:....
United
Do..
ToUl
England . . .
France
Belginm....
Coastwise*
Belgium ...
.do.
.do.
England
France
Spanish possessions.
Bremen
Coastwiset
England ....
Other places.
France
Other places.
Norway .
EngUudd .
Malaga . .
England .
steamships.
8
32
1
41
1
1
1
2
SAIUNO-SmPS.
1
6
125
1
531
23
7
23
18
21
5
664
30
41
26
809
184
382
18
20
20
19
40
7
38
1,381
14
4,089
144
74
153
111
229
33
9
14
6,979
2,095
1,687
142
300
374
238
79
216
23,347
410
23,541
3,005
1,463
2,256
1,579
6,670
687
321
618
69,687
inakM no retnrat; periiapi lodnded In liat of MllfDff-iihtpi.
onlj ; for the flm three monUu tlie caftom-hooM retanu were not proonrod.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
186
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN GOMIIERCE.
Port of Suances— (Provinoe of Santander.)
Where from.
SAILING-SHIPS.
Crows.
NaUoxiaUtj.
No.
Total.
Tonnage.
EiiffUsh
Belffimm
9
39
56
250
698
French
.!^.io7..:::::;:;::::
3,749
Total
48
306
4,647
Port or 8ah Vicente de la Barguer a— (Province of Santander.)
EnffUsh
Belirinm
5
76
1
94
457
5
393
French
.!^^^So!7.;::::::::.::.
6.389
HanoTerian
....do
95
Total
82
486
6,876
Port op SantoS a— (Province of Sautander.)
Franch
Belgium !
6
38
761
1
ADRA.
Siatement showing tie dtMcription and quaniitjf afexparU cotutwUeJram Adra
during the year 1865.
Description.
Quantity.
Description.
Quantitj.
Silver. .
............... marcos*
5,494
162,097
1 Zinc ore quintals..
1 Alcohol do....
36,146
Lead...
quintals..
83, a&
* One mareo Ig bIim oaneea.
Bilbao — ^Daniel Evans, Cannd.
Drcbmrbr 31, 1864.
It may not be inappropriate to preface the report upon the trade and commerce
of this consulate witn some statements relative to the peculiar people who have
immemorially inhabited this part of Spain.
Topography, ^^yfhhi is known as the Basque country comprehends, besides
Alava, Gnipuscoa, and Vizcaya, (of which Bilbao is the commercial capital,)
Navarre, which within a few years has lost the privileges belonging to the prov*
inces above mentioned, and also the contiguous cantons of Soule, Labord, and
Basse Navarre, on the French side of the Pyrenees.
These provinces are distinguished from the rest of Spain equally by their
topography, history, and peculiarity of their inhabitants.
The i^yrenees, divided into numberless short ranges running in all directions,
cover nearly the entire surface, and break off abruptly near the table land of
Castilk.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPAKIfliI DaiilNIONS. 187
CUmale and health, — ^Exempt from extremes of heat and cold, the teropera-
tme duriDg the sammer and autumn is generally agreeable, while the winter and
raring are exoeasivelj rainj. The mean temperature is about sixty degrees
Fahienheit.
The humidity of the air and the absence of fireplaces raise the percentage
of mortality, to which, among children, the condition of medical science and the
ignorance of nurses greatly contribute. Forty-seiren per cent, of all the children
bom die before, attaining the seventeenth year ; yet the general hygienic con-
ditbn of ^e climate is good. The aven^ duration of life is about thirty-two
jears against twenty-nine in the southern part of the country.
The French Basques number about one hundred and forty thousand, and the
Spanish seven hundred thousand ; and during the middle ages the former pos-
e«»ed, in many respects, an equality of privileges with the latter as subjects of
the Crown of Castile.
Every Basque esteems himself noble and of pure Mood ; and anciently who-
erer wished to settle or establbh himself in their country had only to prove
foar generations of Basque parentage in order to be admitted into all their tribu-
nals, and enjoy the honors for which nobility was a condition precedent.
Distinct in their features and their customs from their neighbors, the Spanish
and French, the language of the Basques is, indisputably, one of the most prim-
idre known. Peculiar in its structure, with but little affinity with others, it
lends itself with great £eu^ility to express the various shades of thought.
It is a matter of pride with these people that they have never been conquered ;
for, although a part of the Roman empire from the reign of Augustus, their
eoontry was invaded, rather than its inhabitants subdued, in the war against the
Cantatrians. Always independent, (or if recognizing exterior authority, it was
merely nominal,) they have conserved, and still enjoy, a remnant of their an-
deat liberties. These liberties rested upon equality, and, after the union of the
provinces with the Crown of Castile, consisted of two classes : first, usages and
customs immemorially existing ; and second, the fueras or charters granted by
tli€ Gastilian to numerous towns, and which, generally, they have since to observe
and maintain. There necessarily results a double system of laws. Within
these towns the general laws of the kingdom control the sale and disposition of
erery description of property, but beyond their limits in the /i^rra inranzonadat
the ancient usage prevails. Property, real and personal, can be bequeathed
only to blood relations within the fourth degree ; but the testator may select any
one within this degree, and may leave his propertv to any one of his children,
provided he bequeathes something, however valueless, to each of the others.
Their hereditary civU rights and usages have been jealously guarded for
ages, but many of theur privileges, apparently incompatible with the supremacy
of the central government, have yielded to its inevitable encroachment. What
remains of them is substantially as follows :
IsL Exemption from conscription, or blood tax, as they tersely call it. The
Basque soldier is a volunteer, and not obliged to serve bevond his own province.
Daring war each province maintains its own soldiers ror defensive purposes.
Thev furnish their quota of soldiers to the national marine.
2d. The admission of tobacco and salt free of duty under the general laws of
die Idngdom. These articles, however, pay a duty for local purposes. A cub-
tom-houiBe, which before the termination of the civil war (1839) existed at Or-
dana, near the frontier of Castile, was after that date removed to Bilbao.
3d. Exemption from duties upon stamp paper. There is a growing party in
tke councry endeavoring to subvert privileges so odious to the rest of the Spanish
Their primitive judicial system has in the main been swept away, and that of
the kmgdom sabstitnted. ♦•••••
Digitized by LjOOQIC
18fi
ANNUiJi REPORT ON FOREIGN COMlfERCE.
Comparative statement of the value of t?ie exports from Bilbao during the years
1863 and 1864.
1863 $668,215
1864 1,040,000
Excess of 1864 371,785
The shipmeats of wheat and flour (always dependent in quantity upon the
hardest and foreign prices) in 1864 exceeded that of the previous year $250,000
in value, showing the increase in the general export trade to be $121,785.
The flour shipped from this port (unless some special demand exists in Eu-
rope) goes almost exclusively to Cuba, where the market is secured from com-
petition by the Spanish colonial tariff.
Statement showing the principal exports from Bilbao during the year 1864, in
the order of their importance also thetr values and the names of the countries
whuher shipped.
DeBcription of exports.
Names of eoimtries where shipped.
Value.
Tlour
Preserved food
Iron ore
Madder
Wines and spirits
Straw paper
Skins, lamb and ^oat.
Beans
Lead ore
Zinc
Chestnats
Sundries
Cuba
Cuba, France and England.
England and Franee
England ,
Cuba, France and England
Cuba
France
Cuba
Eng^land
England
Holland and England .. .
Various countries
Total value of exports .
1511, &55
190,500
76,000
110,000
65,000
7,aoo
35,000
9,000
4,500
3,200
9,000
19,545
1,040,000
The quantity of flotir shipped to Cuba was 17,236,534 ponnds.
The preserved vegetables, sweetmeats, &c.» sent to the Spanish posseasioiis
amounted to 592,724 ponnds.
IMPORTS.
The imports continue to show a large commercial development. The aggre-
gate below for 1863 and 1864, being exclusive of railway and other materials
which are not permanent additions to the import list, accurately indicates, there-
fore, the increase in the demand for foreign goods and products :
Total value of imports for 1863 S7, 385, 885
Total value of imports for 1864 13,805,000
Increase for 1864 6, 418, 1 15
By which it appears there has been an augmentation of 90 per cent, in the
amount of imports. To appreciate this result fully, it should be remembered
that it occurred during a year of extraordinary commercial embarrassment.
This increase is largely attributable to the completion of the railway lines, by
which the interior of the country has been put in communication with this port.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SPANISH DOMIKIONS.
189
The amount of customs revenue collected daring the aforesaid years was as
follows: •
In 1863 »1,305,541 21
In 1864 1,776,636 10
Increase in 1864 J 471,094 89
According to the published returns, Bilbao is the third port in tbe country as
to the amount of customs collected, being exceeded only by Barcelona and Ali-
cante. The excess of the latter was only $47,000. In the amount of revenue
ictoally collected it is believed that Bilbao is next to Barcelona. • • •
Suutment thawing the description and valve of the principal imports into
Bilbao during the year 1864, together with the names of the countries whence
derived.
Description.
. Names of countries.
Value.
Increase over
1863.
Norway, Sweden and Great Britain...
Encador, Cuba, France and G'tBrit'n.
Great Britain, France and Belgiam . .
Norway, U. States and Great Britain. .
Great Britain, France and Belgium . . .
Grf»-t f^ritain and France ,.,,-rT
$1,900,800
1,000,000
1,786,300
236,360
1,131,500
800,000
513,635
616,500
584,410
36,000
460,000
816,000
380,500
99,000
152,000
60,000
383,520
85,000.
107,200
87,500
164^000
41^000
10,000
300
$646,700
Cocoa .-
291,700
Timber, deals, &c
Yanii
1,379,656
53,560
1,499,850
415.300
Cotton, maDufactiired . .
WnnllAnfL, rnAnnfiu^tnmd
Great Britain and France
66.630
TfthMTO
Germany, Great Britain and Cuba
Cuba and France .
117,600
96,900^
gonr
cSe..:::. ::...::::;
Fnwice and Cuba xr,,,, ,^,^_»,,,.,,^
5,690
175, 120
Michineiy
Great Britain, France and Belgium . .
France, GH Brit*n, Belgium and U. S.
France, Great Britain and Belgium . . .
Great Britain
Drags, diemicsls
Giua, poroekin
E«ir eotton
382,750
343,300
dec'se 68,300
Win»(aU sorts)
Hides
Great Britain and Belgium
57,495
Yenesnela, France and Great Britain. .
France, Belgium and Great Britain . . .
Great Britain ,
dec'se 3,230
229,120
nnnamfm
Tib plates
f3nw.t nritAin And FmnnA ..
dec. 391,675
Pie inm
i reat Britain
8^ (all sorts)
™> "ails .'-...-.. r
France, Great Britain and Holland ....
Great Britain, France and Belgium . . .
United States
dec*se74,910
PMmlAQin --,---
Hams and bacon ......
United States
The importations from the United States consisted of petrolenm, Inmber,
buns, and patent medicines. The .value of these imports is estimated at
S50,000, being an increase of 30 per cent, over the previous jear. One Ameri-
can ship engaged in the indirect trade, and two foreign ones, proceeding directly
from the United States, arrived during the year. For the few factories withia
^ Basque and adjoining provinces, there is some demand for cotton for con-
SBiiption; when thb article resumes its former importance in the American
export trade, it will considerably swell the imports nrom the United States at
tUspoft.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
190
AimUAL BEPORT ON FOEEION COMMEBCE.
OCTROI DIJTIB8.
In addition to the cnstoms collected bj the general laws, there are at this port
town duties for local purposes. Subjoined is a list of duties upon a few artiaes.
Ale 60 cents for a measure weighing 32 pounds; brandy 65 cents for a mea-
sure weighing 14 pounds ; oil 20 cents per arroba, or 28 pounds ; salt 30 cents
the fanega, or 110 pounds; tobacco two and a half per oent
Statement showing the nationality, numher, and tonnage of the veeteis engaged
in the trade of the port of Bilbao,
8paui8h
British
French
Norwegian and Swedish
Netherlands . . .«.
Belgian
Hanoverian
Danish
Russian
Mecklenberg
Hamborfjr
United States
361
40,159
138
19,133
134
12,099
59
10,992
9
1,207
3
1,044
5
829
4
342
1
116
2
501
1
62
1
478
Statement ehottnng the tonnage and number of vessels entered and
port of Bilbao during the years 1863 end 1804.
aid^
Teac.
ENTERED.
No. of
ships.
Tonnage.
CLKARED.
No. of
ships.
Tonnage.
1863
1864
Coasting trade:
1863
1864
798
726
1,374
1,476
83,177
87^745
49,969
45,388
785
754
1,270
1,446
77,321
88,306
42,661
46,093
The number of vessels registered at Bilbao, Jannary 1, 1864, was 819, with
a tonnage of 70,073. The register is much less than the actual tonnage, in
consequence of the method of measuring which prevails. Vessels recistered at
this port are not subject to the payment of the contributions exacted nrom those
registered in the Basque provinces. This exemption is not a little advantageous,
and explains why the registration of Bilbao is the second, if not the first, in the
kingdom.
In countries where the rights of sepulture are denied to the dissidents firom
the established national religion, it is important that commercial towns should
have cemeteries, where sailors and foreignenj may have decent burial. One such
exists near Bilbao, belonging to the English government, where the fees for
interment are as fcUows : ourial fee for a British subject, $26 i for privilege
of putting up a head itona or monument, (25. These fees are double for
all not Britisn subjects.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS. 191
FISHKRIBS.
From the most remote time the principal sonrce of the wealth of the inhabit-
ants of the coast of the Basque provinces consisted in the fish found in great
abonduioe in the Baj of Biscay. The coast. is dotted with little villages of
Teij great antiqnitv* whose inhabitants have always pursued the same occupa-
tioD, and whose sktll and daring made the Basque fishermen famous during the
middle ages. They were the first to visit the extreme seas of the north, whither
thej punned the whales, which then freauented the Bay of Biscay ; fishing for
cod off Newfoundland, Oreenland, ScoUand, and Norway, where their intre-
pidity for a long period secured a monopoly.
Among them Spain found the mariners whose discoveries and naval triumphs
gained her such pre-eminence during the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth cen-
tiries.
Meriun, a species of cod, sardines, anchovies, leesugos, bonitos, and many
other sorts of fiah, abound in these waters, possessing generally a very fine flavor.
In manv of the vilUgea are establishments for boxing and exporting anchoviev
md sardines. The TOnito, when preserved like salmon, very much rescMUes it.
As this fish, in season, is very cheap, it would seem a profitable bsHMMB to pre-
ferre it for sale in foreign markets. ^
Great quantities of fish are daily sent into the intetior, Madrid and many
other places being thus well and cheaply supplied.
The following is the aggregate quantity annwdly fished at three little villages
near BObao:
Arrobas.
Sardines and anchovies ^^^ 200,000
Other fish .^ 381,000
Total amount of piwhict 581,000
The returns fiKHB the other villages are not accessible, but may be estimated
at one-third niafQ, making an annual aggregate of 775,000 arrobas or 19,375,000
poands of fsb in the province of Yizcaya alone.
The Buque provinces contain a g^at number of mineral springs, whose wa-
ters hold in solution sulphur, magnesia, potash, and numerous other substances.
Their corative agencies are well recognized.
The sulphur and saline baths of Elorio, Yillaro, Oestona, and other places, aU
Ijing within a few leagues of Bilbao, and easily accessible, are much frequented
bj invalids, and their reputation is extending to foreign countries.
About a league from the city, in the Somanostro district, is the famous Triano,
known ancienUy as the mountain of all iron, mentioned by Pliny and other early
authors. In 1857 the local congress of the province projected a railway from
the moontain to a point on the river at Disierto, a distance of a league. The
load has been completed ; the terminus is two miles above the mouth of the
nrer, and extends on piles into the channel, so that the ore is rapidly precip-
itated from the cars into the ships. A million of quintals is, at present, annually
KDt over this road, and the trade is capable of almost unlimitea development.
The principal companies (the Ibarra and the Bolueta) have manufactured
this year to the value of 8630,000 against $795,000 of the previous one. The
former has lately put up machinery for casting cannon. The ore employed is
claimed to be equal to the best Swedish varieties.
The fire-arms factories of Placencia, distant thirty miles firom BHbao, turn
oQt work considered not inferior to that of the most celebrated manufactories of
Korope. They supply the Spanish government, and export considerably to
Cnba and South America. The crop of wheat was an average. The priced
Digitized by V^OOQIC
192 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
ranged about 88 follows: YHieat/firat quality, $1 55 to $1 75 per biuhel;
flour, first quality, t3 25 per cwt.; com, (Indian,) $1 per bushel. The statis-
tics of agricultural productions are so meagre and unreliable that I am unable
to giYe the quantities grown in the provinces.
The work of dredging the river and deepening the channel has not been
prosecuted during the year.
The prices of provisions are as follows : Bread, 4 to 5 cents per lb. ; beef,
12 to 16 cents per lb.; veal, 16 to 20 cents per lb.; mutton, 18 cents per Ib»;
pork, 20 to 25 cents per lb.; potatoes, $2 25 per cwt. Rents are very high.
Kents and the chief articles of provisions have increased in price 50 to 100 per
cent, since the commencement of the Tndela and Bilbao railroad, or within a
period of five years.
The price of labor has proportionately increased. In 1854, common day
laborers received 20 to 25 cents per day, and caipenters, masons, &c., 40 to 45
cents. In 1864, common day laborers received 55 to 70 cents per day ; carpenters
and masons, 95 to 81 25. A comparison of the table of prices within a period
of ten years shows that there has been an upward movement beyond the Inti-
mate effects produced by railroad enterprises. This movement appears to be
European in its extent, manifesting itself even in localities removed from the lines
of trf vel, and does not seem to be the result of scarcity. Improved methods and
greater industry, stimulated by superior gains, have taken the place of labor
directed into new channels.
Yalbncia — Gbobqb Kent, Consui.
OCTOBBB 28, 1865.
* * * Although our guano importations from the Chincha Islands have
been very small during the past year— only three American vessels arriving
therefrom, with 4,086 tons, against four from Ohinchas and one from Baltimore,
with 6,359 tons, the year precedingn-^-jet the prospect now is that, with the re-
turn of peace, our commerce with the Pacific will be greatly increased. Indeed,
with the still unsettled state of affairs in Peru, and the present condition of
things in our country, where most of the charter-parties are usually entered
into, we have already had two arrivals of large American ships since the com-
mencement of Octol>er, with about 4,500 tons of guano, and I have notice of
three or four others to arrive during the present quarter. Both of these shim,
now in port, made veir quick passages ; one, with a single exception, made the
quickest trip on record ; the other is noted for its size, being, it is said, of greater
tonnage than any merchant ship ever herotoforo in this port.
When the former preference for United States vessels for this peculiar branch
of business is restored, the income to our shipping from the guano trade most
be very considerable. In my former returns there were reported 15,655 tons*
imported in the vear ending September 30, 1862 ; 19,496 in the year following.
Valencia has been very much prostrated in its business during the past year*
and it may yet take some considerable time to restore it to a healthy condition.
The disastrous flood of 1864 injured the crops and destroyed much of the labors
and resources of the people ; and the deranged financial affairs of the country
have since added to the difficulty, while the labors of the husbandman and the
artizan, and, indeed, of all classes of people, have been sadly interrupted by the
sickness and death consequent upon the appearance of die cholera. Fortn*
nately, some of our important crops are of a kind not to be directly or materi-
allyinjured by the flooa, or the other common disasters.
The orange crop, the greatest article of exportation from Valencia* Is larger
and in better condition than in the preceding year, there being 200»000 cases
shipped in about equal quMttities to London and Liverpool, compared with
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SPANISH DOMINIONS. 193
150,000 cases of the year preceding. About the same proportions hold good in
shipments to France and elsewhere.
The olive crop for the last year was, at least, equalFy good. The grape crop
of the present season promised well in the spring and summer, but the market
demand for immediate consumption had almost entirely ceased, on account of
the cholera panic, when the crop ripened, and much of the vints^e may have
been lost from lack of hands to gather it seasonably, or want of facilities to
mannfacture it into wine.
Port Mahon — H. B. Robinson, Consul,
October 31, 1865.
I have the honor to forward commercial report for this port for the year
ended December 31, 1864.
The epidemic at Palma has deranged all business affairs so much that I have
not jet been able to communicate with the consular agent.
Daring 1S64 there were entered here :
firitiah vessels 2
French vessels 8
Italian vessels 8
Norwegian vessels 2
Hanoverian vessel 1
PniMian vessel - 1
Grecian vessel 1
Total 23
lAden with coals and timber. Cleared same period twenty-two vessels in
ballast. This does not include the great number of vessels of all nationalities
that are ordered here to quarantine.
1 have unofficial information that a company of gentlemen is about to be
formed, of i»everal nations, for the purpose of constructing spacious docks, capa-
ble of receiving the largest class of vessels, preparatory to the opening of the
Suez canal, and that it is in contemplation, if the Spanish authorities will per-
mit, to make this port an intermediate point between the Suez canal and
England and the United States.
li a depot for deposit and reshipment can be established here on liberal and
just terms, the advantages to the commerce of the United States will be of vast
importance.
This harbor is probably resorted to more than any other in the Mediterranean
by war ships.
The harbor is landlocked, extending inward about two miles, and very
^eep — a perfectly safe retreat for vessels of all classes from the severe storms
which prevail daring the winter months. Our vessels are now much looked for
in the Mediterranean and Black sea. I understand that shippers of grain and
wal give the preference to the American vessels, as being more expeditious and
less liable to accident. * * * ^
13 c R -r^J^
Si ^A r..) \
Digitized by.VjOOQlC
194
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Havana — W. T. Minor, Comul General,
Tahular statement thowing the description and quantity of the imports into
Havana frmn America and Europe during the year ended December 31,
I860.
DescriptioD.
IMPORTATIONS FROM-
America. Europe.
Ale casks
Almonds barrels and kegs
Bacon boxes.
Beans barrels .
Do baffs.
Beef barrels.
Bran bags.
Brooms dozens.
Butter barrels and kegs .
Candles, composition boxes.
Coals tons.
Coal oil barrels.
Do boxes.
Cocoa bags.
Cordage packages .
Chewing tobacco boxes.
Cheese boxes.
Chick-peas barrels and bags.
Codfish casks.
Do drums.
Do boxes.
Coffee bags.
Com bags .
Cotton bales .
Figs boxes.
Do drums.
Flour barrels.
Do bags .
Gin demijohns.
Do cases.
Hams tierces and barrels.
Do number.
Hay , packs.
Hides number.
Ice tons .
Jerked beef quintals.
Lard tierces and barrels.
Do .* kegs .
Do cases.
Linseed oil casks.
C Boards : M feet.
Lumber. < Box shooks ^ number.
( Hogshead shooks number.
Oats .
•-I
.bags..
Olives kegs..
Olive oil jars..
Do cases..
Onions barrels..
Do strings..
Pork barrels..
Potatoes ....barrels..
Do ...hampers..
Raisins boxes..
y,. ^ 5 East Indies bags..
^^*- J Spanish bais..
Sslt bags..
1,887
437
8,026
1,089
15,202
5,718
5,984
135
1,835
3,082
11,538
2,344
5,392
1,333
2,742
377
17,374
1,088
41,373
45,108
19,190
2,173
8,765
2,22G
23,914
32,932
10,G40
339,116
20,953
6,428
1,863
21,925
449,023
31,603
14,452
15,169
151.309
2,627
110,807
3,145
*i6"793'
Digitized by LjOOQIC
31,209
7,922
l,et;i)
100
25,702
141,9^5
1,57'<
24.90i»
19,U9i»
39.696
17,3lfcJ
"26ij3i
29,45(»
115,227
15,706
18,8»»
7,093
2c9
116,70:1
a?4,97.^
8,250
9,593
80,552
56,372
113,580
37,720
17,014
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
Tabular ttatement — Continued.
195
Description.
Wheat -
Wine, Spanish pipes.
Do barrels.
Do boxes.
Wine, French casks.
Do boxes and hampers.
WhaJe oil casks.
Wrapping paper reams.
IMPORTATIONS FROM—
America. Europe.
568
218
212,033
49,971
24,913
12,366
869
28,298
Comparative statement showing the description and quantity of the principal
exports from Havana and countries of destination during tJie years ended
December 31, 1864 and 1865.
Destination.
SUGAR.
Molasses.
186
Bozef.
406,412
326,312
3,197
30,466
9,542
2,802
14,533
160,499
183,817
13,230
1,044
19,822
o.
1864.
' 1865.
Hhda.
8,973
1,150
1864.
Tc i^aI Statrt. . ...
1 Hhdj,.
; 15, 847
2,995
Boxea.
123,328
487,974
3,577
11,694
13, 618
4,206
22, 422
203,541
217,560
9,625
2,710
20,378
Hhda.
6,703
9,457
Hhda.
12,651
70
■ a;'«^i Klogdum uid a market
iiawa
V TWhy, Sweden, and Denmark
H^-nb^ire uid Bremen
; 1
120
1 1
175
H Uad
80
B'.gimn
i'r^ne*
101 1
5 1
1
125
340
'^'■*io ... . .
54
157
' <: 'nitar. Italy, Adriatic, and Mediter-
nmeaaporti
ll''i;ci\ South America, Sec, Stc
147'
415
83
491
673
25
Total December 31, inclusive
1, 171, 676
1 19,095 1
1
1, 120, 633
16,804
11,242
13,696
BTeo.
Hoi
ley.
Destination.
Col
W
ax.
1865.
1864.
1865.
Tiercea.
46
1864.
Tiercea.
226
1865.
1864.
J. ••4 States
Arrba.
2,676
7
Arrba.
132
16
Arrba.
72
Arrba.
K.rtia....T
1
.Vnv&j, SwfideD, and Denmark , -
:::::::::::::'
91
815
114
392
5
192
H&raborf aad Bremen
333
695
4
1.171
4,713
7
6
7,024
65
1,014
17
385
.l-iiaad
531
ii-lnam
16
117
2,877
6
967
42,423
TrS^...::: :
3
13,456
14
"p**
w.^^ndtar, Italy, AdriaUc, and Mediter-
r«3M«D ports 1
111
17,087
brjuh Possessions in North America. . .
114
X*x<o. Boath America, &c, Ste |
17
3
14,718
27,663
Total December 31, induiiv*'
16,636
46, 619
1,590
1.838
28,249
45,409
Digitized by LjOOQIC
196
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement^ ifc. — Continued.
Degtination.
Rum.
Cigar*.
Tobacco.
1865.
1864.
Pipes.
16
4
1865.
1864.
1865.
Pounds.
645,954
31,083
1864.
United States -
Pipes.
256
2,021
Mille,
2-J, 828
42,335
182
227
]2,264
501
2,410
19,671
11,020
24
Mille.
24,533
47, 748 :
254
142 .
14,939 ,
1,510 1
3,274 !
48,047
14,357
769
365
9, 425 '
Pounds.
l,46i> 7l!9
United Kingdom and a market
146 4:t.'>
Russia
101, 781
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark
HRmbiirg and Bremen
870
25
119
722
7,500
16
6-2
119
971,045
1, I5f^, .V»
Holland
50. 7.***
Belgium
134,990
261.898
1, 538. 461
422, 9*5
France
199
7, 024
15
141
2,246
975, 8f*.')
Spain
2,449,07.-»
120, 971
3.00i>
Gibraltar, Italy, Adriatic, and Mediter-
ranean portH .......... . .. •..
BritiBh Po»i(C8Bioni( in North America. . .
Mexico, South America, Ac, &c
3,072
5.475
80,018
38.6;J5
Total December 31, incloBive
14,601
9,826
116,937
165,363
3,663,389
6,928,819
Digitized by LjOOQIC
8PAXISH DOMINIONS,
197
ml
Digitized by V^OOQ I
198
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
1^ CO
S
^
fH
I"!
Q
5
"^
?
CO
-2
00
fH
a
'^
00
fH
R
a
tH
•0
CO
S
^
«
r^
« 5
;^
2 s>»
.IPs
S'fe.
Si
a
I S
o'»rf" tei
rSSS
r- e* ■^ to >3 ^ ^
r-H ei K w rt ■*
of of -r
$ S^S^S
2
of
I
^^Sc5S
I 2
S'
I s
s
. a
I £a
SS
OfV
I'li
Is H
S^S
s^
ill S
^1 3
2
p,
•c 2 5.5
3
o
Digitized by
^^oogle
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
199
Table showing the production and cost of sugar and molasses during the last
live yearSf taken on the last quarter ended December 31.
SUGAR IN BOXES.
HsTaaa and Hataaaui
186S.
1864. I 1863.
1862.
Exp<ifrta frtnn Jan. 1 to Dec 31..
Of iw«Tioiu crop on Jan. 1. .
1,455,581
43,361
1, 360, 259 '
15,486 I
1,233,092
25,426
Of new crop
Stock on Dec 31 at both port*. .
1, 412. 320 1
27,363 I
1,344,773
43,261 I
1,207,666
15,486
Totalr«<»pta boxes..' 1,439,683 1,388.094 j 1,223,153
Price: Basil
Ko. 13 . .per arroba. ' 8i reals. ' 1\ reals. 10 reals.
Freight, .sterling per ton . . 40«. and 5 p. c 40«. and 5 p. c 45s. and 5 p. c
Exchange preminm. .
Cost : 1 o. b.. indading freight,
■terifaif per cwt
15 p. c.
24«. 6d
12 p. c
25«.
10 p. c
31«. 6d
1,286,751
12,079
1,274,672
29.194
1,303,796
6^ reals.
40s. and 5 p. c
13 p. c
22s. Ad.
1861.
1, 181, 115
29,000
1, 158, 115
8,000
1, 160, 115
8i reals.
40s. and 5 p. c.
14 p. c
25#. 7rf.
SUGAR IN HOGSHEADS.
Exports from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31...
82,525 1 69,550 66,046
1,920 1 962 1 1,378
79,812
2,569
86,319
1,960
Off new crop ................
80, 605 ■ 68, 597 i 64, 668
1, 675 1 1, 920 1 962
77,243
1,604
84,359
Stock OB Dec 31 at both ports. ..
2,701
Total receipts hhds..
82, 280 I 70. 517 | 65, 630 | 78, 847
87,060
Price : Good reflning . . per arroba .
Freight, .sterling per ton. .
Exchange premiam. .
Cost: f.a bu. Including freight,
sterling per cwt
8reaU.| 7 reals. 7i reals. 5^ reals.
40s. and 5 p. c. 40s. and 5 p. c. 43ir. and 5 p. c 40s. and 5 p. c
15 p. c 12p.c. 1 10p.c. 1 13 p. c.
23s. \\d. 21s. bd. 23s. 2d. 17«. 8A
6i reals.
40s. and 5 p. c.
14 p. c
19s. \Qd.
MOLASSES IN HOGSHEADS.
Exports from Jan. 1 to Dec 31. . .
Of prerions crop on Jan. 1 . . .
93,274
6,198
97,647 91,090
2, 077 I 1, 923
93,879
1,835
91,941
2,210
Of new crop
87,076
5,073
95, 570 ' 89, 167
6,198 ' 1,777
92,044
3,595
89,731
Stock on Dec. 31 at both ports. . .
7', 438
Totslmeipts hhds..
92,149
101,768 i 90.944
95,639
H469
Priee: Good clayed.... per keg..
Freight. .sterUng per ton . .
Exchange premiam. .
Cost: H 0. b., indading freight,
sterling per ewt
7 reals.
40s. and5p.c
15 p. c
lis. l\\d.
5i reals. 5 reals. 3i reals. 3i reals.
42s.6rf.-5 pi c 47s. 6rf.-5 p. c 42*. 6rf.-5 p. c 42s. 6d.-5 p. c
12 pi c. 10 p. c 13 p( c. 14 p. c
10s. 64f. ' 10s. %d. 8«. Sd. 8s. 9<f.
1
Digitized by LjOOQIC
200
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE*
Comparative prices of produce, and rates of freight and exchange, at Havana
and Matanzas, for the last garter ending on December 31 of the folloicing
years.
Sugar, clayed, Ko. 12 per arroba. .
Muicovadoes, gd. reflning do
Molastes, dajed per keg..
Honey per gallon..
Rnm, in old wine casks per pipe. .
Coffee, l8t quality per quintal..
Wax, white per arroba . .
Freight, Falmouth per ton . .
New York per hogshead . .
Exchange, London premium . .
New York
1865.
lOi reals .
8i reals .
61 reals .
4i reals .
|3I
$16t
$11*
36«.3<i.8tg
16 per cent
1864.
7i reals ....
6i reals ....
5 reals I
4 reals ....I
$29 !
18* I
|12t ;
40«.
1863.
1862.
1861.
10 reals ' 7 reals 8i reals.
7 reals , 4* reals 7 reals
4ireals i 4 reals 3reals.
4reals I 4i reals.... 4ire4»la.
•25 1 $26* «31.
$21 $18 $m.
112* , $11 i$l(H.
42«.6<i.....l 50s I 45#.
$5* I $4*... ;....! ^* : $3.
12 per cent.) 10 percent.' 12*perrt... 14 percent.
27 p. c D. . 54 p. c D. . 35 p. c. D. . 26 p. c D. . ] 2 per cL P.
Comparative prices of the principal articles of import, taken on the last quarter
ending on December 31 (f the following years.
Jerked beef, South American arroba.
Flour, Spanidi barrel .
Rice, East India arroba.
Codfish, Halifax quintal.
Lard, western do. . .
Wine, Spanish claret pipe.
Coals, British ton .
Boards, white pine M feet.
Box shooks, American each.
1863.
Id61.
Dreals 17 reals.
$11* $13.
12* reals...' 14* resit.
$6i :l6f.
$13f 1 $15*.
$5* 'ill.
f^'B $35.
Bi reals 8* realsL
Statement of the number of vessels, and their tonnage, which entered the part of
Havana from January 1 to December 31, 1865, 1864, and 1863.
Nationality.
American
Spanish
British
French
Belgian
Dutch
Danish
Bremen
Hamburg
Norwegian
Swedish
Pmstiian
ItaUan
Other nations
Total from January 1 to December 31 .
1865.
No.
400
713
576
64
5
83
12
7
8
35
15
12
7
73
1,930
Ton».
209,028
183, 768
185, 619
38,181
2,053
4,399
4,328
2,958
2,517
11,907
6,157
4,222
4,033
27,474
686, 644
1864.
iVo.
Ton a.
yo.
Ton*.
410
201,814
467
177,210
790
215,805
636
150,819
598
180, 523
537
131,667
77
79,277
64
22»2<?7
6
1,552
6
2,336
26
4,730
27
5,442
11
2,615
• 17
3,^*0
11
3,90)
16,
6,441
3
1,085
9
2.453
38
7,328
41
12.123
27
15, 462
28
9,a?3
11
3,654
13
4. 451
17
3,846
4
1, a>i
80
27,055
127
24.530
2,099
698,631
1,993
5da,773
Matanzas — He.\rv C. Hall, Consul.
December IS, 1865.
I have the honor to forward herewith the autiual report of this consulate, and
the consular agencies of Cardenas and Sagua la Grande, for the year ended
Septemher 30, 1865.
Digitized by
Google
SPANISH IJOMINIONS.
201
There has been a very considerable increase in exports from thestf ports to
the United States during the period named, the aggregate value from the three
ports amounting to $15,254,636 22. These figures are taken from the returns
of invoices verified at the different offices, and represent the actual cost or
market value, including all charges and commissions.
It is, however, quite impossible to make out a correct statement giving a
detailed description and value of imports, such as are given in the accompanying
tables, have been furnished in part by the principal merchants of the place and
masters of vessels. The values are in most cases approximate, but may be con-
sidered nearly correct.
The difficulties under which our shipping labored during the rebellion are
happily ended, and now, as in former years, it is placed on the most favorable
footing as regards freight, whether to the United States or Europe.
According to a royal decree, dated Madrid, April 1, 1865, the following rates
of duties were to be charged on flour imported into this island and Porto Rico,
to Uke effect on the 1st July, 1865 :
From Spain in Spanish vessels $1 00 per barrel.
From Spain in foreign vessels 2 00 "
From foreign countries in Spanish vessels 3 50 "
From foreign countries in foreign vessels 5 00 "
This decree was modified by another of the 27th June, to take effect in Octo-
ber last, as follows :
From Spain in foreign vessels $1 00 per barrel.
From the United States in foreign vessels 4 00 "
From foreign countries other than the United States in
foreign vessels 3 50 **
To continue as long as the act of Congress of June 30, 1834, concerning ton-
nage duty on Spanish vessels remained in force.
Staietfient showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels arrived at
and departed from 3iatanzas during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Nationality.
i
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
No.
Tons.
No.
1
Tons.
Tnited States
209
206
236
7
6
3
1
3
3
3
3
1
10
1
1
1
59,521
41,309
70,200
2,601
1,785
613
555
919
1,273
617
604
240
4,613
489
196
543
217
207 '
236 i
7
6
I
3
3
1
10
1
1
1
62, 190
41 .389
Spanieh
British
69,926
2,601
1,785
French
Bamian
Pnianaa .».
557
Aojtriaii
555
Gtrman — Oldenburg
919
Bremen
1,273
617
Hwno^err . , - - - ,
N\'thHan<iifi ..................
604
Danish
240
^wt^iftb and NoTwecrian
4,613
489
Italian
Brazilian
196
SUxican
543
Total
694
186,078
702
188,497
Digitized by LjOOQIC
202
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE "
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ANNUAL REPORT OS FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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206 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMME2CE.
San Juan, Porto Rico — A. Jourdon, Acting Consul,
I have the honor to transmit to the department the annual commercial report
of this consular district.
Table A, herewith enclosed, gives an exact account of the staple products of
this island during the present year, from January to November, and such inform-
ation could not have been given earlier, because the sugar crop closed very
late this year, being the largest ever harvested in Porto Rico. The average
price till the month of August has been ranging from 3| to 4 cents per pound,
and molasses 14 to 16 cents per gallon, but afterwards the prices advanced very
considerably. Refining qualities have broaght from 4^ to 5 cents, and fair gro-.
eery 5| to 5 J. Molasses, dark color, 18 to 22 cents, and yellow color 23 to 25
cents, and though the new crop is nearly gathered, planters do not seem in-
clined to take lower prices. Table A shows only the quantity of sugar exported.
The quantity consumed in this country, which is very large, cannot be positively
ascertained, as the accounts given by the planters are not exact. Though the
weather has been regular, the new crop will not be as large as the previous one.
Coffee begins to come to market, and 14 cents per pound have been offered and
refused ; the average price this year ranged from 12 to 14 cents; owing to the
continuous raias the new crop will fall off at least one-half.
The crop of tobacco, though much less than in 1861 and 1862, yet has been
quite regular; but the next will certainly present a considerable deficit ; the
average price has been from 7^ to 8 cents per pound.
The crop of cotton this year has been the largest ever collected. The la^t
sales were made at from 28 to 30 cents, certainly a good price, high ; but as it
is not as was expected, and as the news from the United States and England
does not promise any advance, planters are abandoning its cultivation ; the next
crop will be very short.
A large quantity of rum is distilled on the sugar estates, but very little is ex-
ported ; most of it is consumed in the country ; it generally sells at from 25 to
30 cents per gallon.
Beside the above staple products, the country has this year produced an
abundant crop of minor products, of which a small part only is exported, viz :
Plantains, which are the main support of the lower classes, rice, corn, vegetables »
oranges, starch, and cocoa. There are also dyewoods, lignumvitse, and beauti-
ful woods for furniture in great quantity ; cargoes of ship timber are annually
sent to Spain.
The cattle trade with the Windward islands is very large ; it amounts to
$300,000 annually. The export of hides has been quite large this year, and in
fact has been increasing every year since 1858; the average price was from 11
to 12 cents per pound; 722,838 pounds have been exported the past year.
Freights for the United States have been ranging from 40 to 45 cents (gold )
per 100 pounds.
Exchange on London for ninety days from 5.05 to 5.10. The exports during
the year 1864 amounted to $10,000,000, and will not be less the present year.
Table B gives a summary account of the importations for the year 1864 ; for the
present year no report can be made, as the returns from the custom-houses are
incomplete. During the year 1864 the* imports amounted to $10,379,834 18,
of which $2,341,871 06 were from the United States, and $1,333,378 of this snm
was under the American flag. The exports to the United States during the
year 1864 amounted to $532,561 65, of which $239,500 26 were under the
American flag. From the first of January to the first of December, 1865, the
exports to the United Stetes amounted to $873,652 55, of which $257,814 79
were under the American flag. The prices of American provisions have improved
Digitized by
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SPANISH DOMINIONS. 207
lately. Lard is quoted at 29 to 30 cents ; butter, 23 cents; hams, 27 cents ; mess
pork, 30 cents ; cheese, 20 cents ; wrapping paper, $5 GO ; cloves, 30 cents ; pep-
per, 14 cents ; crackers, 12 cents ; tallow candles, 16^ cents ; potatoes, from $4 to
18 per barrel ; onions at $4 50 per barrel ; flour at $10 per barrel ; com meal at
$25 to 330 per hogshead, and mackerel at $4 75 to $5 25 per barrel ; No. 3 at
$9 50 per barrel ; white beans at $4 50 per barrel ; pilot bread, $4 50 per barrel ;
kerosene oil, 75 cents per gallon ; rice, 4^ to 5 cents per pound ; codfish, 5^ cents ;
haddock, 4^ cents ; wnite pine lumber, $24 per 1,000 feet ; shooks for sugar
hogsheads, $2 to $2 12^ per bundle ; for molasses hogsheads, $2 50 per bundle. By
a new regulation in force since the first of October last, Spanish flour pnya no
duty ; American flour is charged with $4 per barrel, but as the former duty was
$1 on sipanish flour and $5 on American, the difiei ence, in fact, is the same as
before. A comparison of the imports and exports since the year 1858 shows a
great increase of the latter, and consequently of the commerce of the island.
(See tables B and G.)
The arrivals of American vessels at this port during the last year were only
22, and from January 1 to December 1, 1865, 27. In 1864, 159 American ves-
sels visited the ports of this island, and since 1863 there is a falling off of more
than one-half. This is accounted for from the fact that during the war many
vere obliged to change their flag to escape piratical vessels ; the high rate of
iDsarance on American bottoms caused shipments to be made under English and
Danish flags.
Table G, herewith enclosed, shows the general navigation of the island during
the year 1864 ; the total number of vessels arrived from the United States for
the same period was 229, with a tonnage of 38,990 J, of which tonnage 25,559 1
tons were nnder the American flag. The tonnage duty continues to be one dol-
lar per ton. But vessels taking an entire outward cargo of molasses are exempt
from paying tonnage dues, provided they entei'ed in ballast. Masters of vessels
boond to this island must bring their manifests and bills of health certified by
the Spanish consul, otherwise they are liable to a fine of $150. Notice must be
taken that by a royal decree of the 19th of October last, the ports of Arecibo,
Agnadilla and Naguabo will be closed as ports of entry and open only for ex-
portation. This new regulation will take effect after the 18th of February.
1866, then the only ports of entry will be San Juan, Mayagucz, Ponce and
Arroyo (Guayama.) The harbor of San Juan has a large coal depot, and
steamers can obtain supplies at the wharf with ease.
If the above statement of imports, exports, comnierce and navigation of this
inland show an increase of its products, so the statistics of population from 1853
to 1860, the year of the last census, on an area of 3,750 square miles, show that
there were 583,281 inhabitants, classified as follows : white, 300,480; free col-
ored, 241,015 ; slaves, 41,786. The population now exceeds 600,000. By the
same census the free journeymen amounted, to 18,888 white, and 21,765 col-
ored; there is also a number of small land-owners, amounting to 17,895 white
and 9,642 colored, working also on the plantations, showing a total of 36,783
white* and 31,397 colored ; making a total of 68,180 free laborers working daily
on the plantations for a compensation of from forty to fifty cents per day ; their
labor 18 not arduous or constant, yet it is a great addition to that performed by
the slaves.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
208
ANNUAL RF.PORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
A. — Statement showing the descripiionj quantity, and destination of ike exports
from the island of Porto Rico from November 1, 1864, to October 31, 1865.
Dertinatlon.
Sugar.
Molasses.
1
Coffee.
Tobacco. Hides.
Cotton.
1
From St. John's to-
United States ....
PoundM.
13, 116. 017
3, 962, 378
798,400
94,055
GaUtm:
352, 157
Pounds.
210, 980
Pound*,
Ponndg.
40.239
Pound*.
41.885
27,600
^wnt.
Great Britain
B. N. A . Provinces .
68,200
2,792
Spain
Germany
Inland of Cuba . . .
1,878,343
, "i,'643,*452
21,097
1
20.264
1,055,600
• 477,885
170. a.'ie
31,800
55,112
Other ports
From Areclbo, Ma-
nati and Tortn-
gnero to-
United States
322,471
10, 025, 498
709,001
373,733
6,060
227,264
1 1,^0
1 ♦
1
. ... .
France
B.N.A.Provinces.
' 1
Germany ........
1
3, 810, 773
From A^adlllato— '
U nited States '
92,508
5,200
2, 575, 800
448,800
346,000
2,849,000
328,600
3,113
i
t
Great Britain . .
5,891,300
23,200
358,300
213,400
Spain
France
Island of Cuba . .
12,700
Other i>orts
50,277
1,113.097
75, 666 35, eoo
1
174, 100
From Mayaguez to-
United States ....
18,412,456
4,804,390
2, 746, 248
193.338
3, 541, 649
1,727,918
429,245
Great Britain
1
96,000
B. N. A. Provinces
35,300
14,531
2,500,065
1, 465, 279
661,752
3,104
154.937
Soain
348,099
France
German v
Denmark
172,951
1,707
560
;
Italy
2,209.000
2,849.014
538,760
27,925
1
Island of Cuba..
Other ports
From Ponce to-
United States . .
33,386
19,279,763
8, 374, 624
5,160.216
585,804
2, 924, 367
129. 798
13,765
8,629,336
5, 774, 936
3, 583, 170
1,195,725
1
106,690
15 892
'
Great Britain
B.N.A.Provinces.
218,600
4,521
49,237
804,026
Spain
41,558. 7.837
I-. --
France
Germany
Other ports
From Arroyo to-
United States . . , .
1,029,797
1, 216, 971
296,426
282,421
1,095,253
1
67,736 127. OiW
Great Britain
1....
38,314
27,611
France
1
Germany ........
200,000
Penma? k ,
672,263
8,53i,793
10,314,870
5,098,284
1,429,934
56,229
2,322,568
121, 44f
107,250
From Hnmncao, Ka-
gnabo and Fa-
Jardo to-
United States
898,123
GraAt Britain . .
1
France
Germany
Other ports
From Gnayanilla to
United States
1
2,136
10,750
150,880
10, 419
Great Britain
B.N. A. Provinces.
13,300
Spain...*.
565,631
1,500
10,873
France
932,386
...
Germany .......
101,506
Other ports
72,000
70,352
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
RECAPITULATION.
209
Dettlofttioii.
Sogar.
MoIaMM.
Coffee.
Tobacco.
Hides.
Cotton.
Rum.
gLjrtho'f
PoundM.
18,293,321
11,108.333
5,937,300
31,888,630
36,468,337
18,659,705
35,431.110
3,555»6S0
QalUnu.
439,209
227,964
143,785
1, 116, 397
1,448,846
1,095,253
898.133
164.160
Pound:
3,153,673
"'6*553,'466'
10,241,514
3,127,936
Poundt.
1,075,864
3,810,773
75,000
Pounds,
518,121
Pounds.
271,541
Quarts.
56 982
Ar«(ib<i.lbiiBtiaiid
Tonosnero
Af"Min)ft .,
35,800
158,041
745,800
619, 317
446, 561
133,661
3,136
10,750
"• "'"■ ■ '
M«Ttfiies .... ..
Pooce
396,436
300,000
7 837*
Arroyo
udFalaiS:
127,068
647,902
101.506
10,873
Total, 1865
1864
1863
1662
1861
IM)
151,333.165
110.425,022
146,467.263
150.564,628
145.995,816
127,344,749
91,733,084
121,319,374
5,554,037
3,732,076
4, 912, 645
4.987,252
4, 616, 108
4,331,772
3,089,658
3,730,511
23,734,624
14,993,830
20, 980, 475
13,861,586
14. 440, 956
13,505,516
13,456,637
9.814,225
5,559,569
4, 678, 333
6,034,593
8, 591, 730
9,394,845
2, 337, 921
2,835.485
4,907,844
723,838
569,665
627,681
396,246
279,937
545,775
359,299
405,883
3,329,766
1, 583, 187
326,610
1A861
166,398
265,976
96,985
38,862
191,887
32.055
363,305
1,002.0-J4
393.066
1839
1658
Note. -The aTerage price for the year ended October 31, 1865, wan as follown : Sagar, 3 to 4 cents ; me-
lt*^ 14 to 30 eeot»; coffee, 13 to 14 eenU; tobaooo, 7 to 8 cents ; hldef, II to 13 cents; cotton, 35 to 30 cent!
ra]&.;Sto30ceDttper gallon.
6.
V«Iac of imports at Porto Rico during 1864 $9, 932, 600 41
Value of imports in the deposit store 447,923 77
Total 10, 380, 524 13
Value of imports from the United States during 1864 :
Per Anwaican vessels $1,286,722 13
English vessels 791, 240 66
Danish vessels 47, 996 14
Bremen vessels 27, 855 57
Hanover vessels 19, 155 68
Spanish vessels 3. 700 00
2, 176, 670 18
In the d^osit store :
Per American vessels $46,655 87
English vessels., 70,734 39
Danish vessels 35, 620 96
Bremen vessels 11, 849 30
Hanover vessels 340 36
165,200 88
Total imports from the United SUtes 2, 341, 871 06
Exports to the United States from the port of San Juan in
1S64 $552, 561 65
Per American vessels 239, 500 26
Per American vessels. (1865) 257, 814 79
873,652 55
Total 1,923,529 25
Total exports from the island of Porto Rico 9, 800, 000 00
1^ CB Digiti^dby^^OOgIe
210
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEBCE.
C. — Statement showing the nationality, number, tonnage, and place* where Jrom
in the United States, of vessels arrived at Porto Rico during the year 1864.
Where from.
Nationality.
1
Tonnage.
YThere from.
NationaUty.
1
Tomage.
Boiton
American
English
American
Danish
Bremen
English
American
American
English
American
English
American
English
American
American
EngUsh
10
87
19
99
1
1,390
1,810
4,827
1,048* !
196 1
599 1
367* .
349
417*:
173
130* 1
840
4,668*
198
New York
New London
Norwich
American
English
Bremen
Hamburg
Danish
HanoTor
American
American
EngUsh
American .•«..
EngUsh
EngUsh..-
American
34
se
10
5,870t
Baltimore
Cherriileld
Hartford
8.»^i
167
1. 11«>*
2o9
li^S
7l«
Portland
li»3f
l.y^l*
Ka^fhlai ..........
Wilmington
«¥*
J57
163
Newbaryport
New Haven
999
38,;»i»a*
RECAPITULATION.
TesMls.
Tonnage.
136
93
5K1.3:v*
IS tiTii**
American Tcmli from other porti
999
93
38,9««>*
2.2^*
D, -^Statement showing the number and tonnage qfvesseU arrived at the several
consular districts of Porto Rico and dependencies Jrom the Vkited States dur-
ing the year 1864. '
San Jaan :
No. Tonna^re.
Port of San Juan 26 6,301
Port of Anicibo 2 378 J
Port of Aguadilla 1 158
PortofHnmacao 4 73oJ
Port of Fajardo •. . . . 3 56o
Total 36 7,128
Ponce:
No. Tonnftf^.
Port of Arroyo 14 3, 182
Port of Ponce 35 5, 238
Port of Ouayanilla 7 1, 339 J
Port of Salinaa 2 190
Total 58 9. 949 J
Majagnez : Port of Mayagnez 65 8, 422}
%- Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMINIONS.
211
RECAPITULATION.
Vessels, Tonnage.
United States consulate at San Joan 36 7, 128
United States consulate at Ponce 68 9, 949 J
United States consulate at Majaguez 65 8, 482|
Total : 159 25.5591
l^.^Staeement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels ar-
rived at Porto Rico during the year 1864.
Nationalitj.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Nationality.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Annifftn ...... . .
159
279
529
17
11
33
9
5
^,559f
3^647
2,300
4,802i
2,0J6i
928
0utch
16
4
5
7
5
5
1
1,536
English
Swedish and Norwegian .
Oldenburg
1,171
'^puiisli -
1,169
li^ifh
Russian ................
l,657i
779i
673
Bremen
ItftUftn
Venezuela.
Htmbnnr
Hawaiian
157
HinoTw.
Total
ToUl
1,042
119,422^
43
7,143
Number of crews, 8,885.
Manila — John Russell, Consul.
Dbcbmbbk 31, 1864.
This port bas been visited during the past year bj twenty-seven American
ressels, mostly loaded for the United States with sugar, hemp, coffee, and sapan
wood. Besides American vessels, foreign vessel^ have taken similar cargoes
both to the Atlantic ports and to San Francisco?
The total value of shipments hence to United States ports has been as
follows :
In American bottoms $2, />06, 836 41
In foreign bottoms.,. 1, 179, 870 06
Total to the United States 3, 686, 706 47
The total quantity of exports to the Atlantic ports and San Francisco is as
follows :
Years.
Sugar.
Hemp.
Coffee.
Sapan wood.
i-^ei
246,261 263,596
131,340 234,324
16,427
7,914
3,259
1,515
isria
Increase of 1864 over 1863
214,921
29,272
8,513
1,744
Digitized by LjOOQIC
212
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
From the ontports of Yloilo and Gibu nothing has been shipped to the Atlantic
porta of the United States ; but shipments of sugar have been made from the
former place to San Francisco. Several vessels have been despatched from these
ports to Europe* Australia, and China. Although Gibu has been opened for
foreign trade since 1861, it is only during the past year that foreign houses have
established branches there.
There are in Yloilo one American and one British house, and in Gibu one
American and three British firms.
Trinidad db Guba — ^Wm. H. Russel, Cofuu!,,
Statement shattnng the description, quantity, and value of the eaporu Jrm
Trinidad de Cuba during the several quarters of the year ended December
31, 1865.
Sugar.
Molanei.
Honey.
Ci«ara.
Total rahe.
Hhdi.
Tierces.
Barrel!.
Boxei.
Baca.
GaUona.
aalloni.
M.
Firat quarter
Second quarter
Fourth quarter.. ..
5,547
8,411
8,276
1,289
636
955
881
72
196
44
106
1
163
935
1,351
1,131
490
150
418
645,905
062,333
291,556
94,321
9.518
8,039
""431*
276
200
135
$319, 233 25
6W, 381 4«J
5^7.636 13
126,761 »
Total
23,523
2,544
349
3,580
1,058
1,894,116
968
835i
*1, 927, 522 41
' Cedar wood, rallied at $13,500, included.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SPANISH DOMIKIONS.
213
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214 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
Lisbon — ^Gharlbs A. Munro, Consul.
Sbptrmbbr 30, I860.
Owing to the continaance of oar internal war the amount of American shipping
to this port during the year ended this day has heen very insignificant. The
high rates of premiums demanded hy European companies for insuring vessels
sailing under the United States flag have uo doubt deterred the owners of our
mercantile marine from prosecuting a more brisk trade with this port, where
American vessels are pretty sure, under ordinary circumstances, of obtaining
favorable charters for ports in South America.
From October 1, 1864, to September 30, 1865, Lisbon has been visited hj
only six American merchant vessels, viz., two ships, two barks, and two brigs,
measuring in all 3,164 tons.
The vfdue of imports by the above vessels was as follows: Goals, S3 ,000;
staves, $12,000; general merchandise, consisting of petroleum, machiuery,
clocks, &;c.. $59,500 ; railway iron, &c., $90,000 — ^total, $164,500.
The above imports were:
From Great Britain, (coals) $3. 000
From Belgium, (railway iron) 90. 000
From the United States 71, 500
Total 164. 500
There was exported in these six vessels to the United States salt to the valae
of $7,335.
To show that there is sufficient inducement for our vessels to seek charters in
Lisbon I subjoin the following statement of the declared value of goods shipped
to New York in Portuguese vessels :
Gut corks $2, 026 50
Gorkwood .• 29, C87 10
Argols, (refined) 1, 320 00
Olive oil 1 4, 806 5 1
Orchilla weed 26, 1 27 60
Salt 3.575 00
Raisins, (dried) 6, 578 32
Marble, (rough) 750 00
Sailcloth « 820 00
Hides, (drv) 10,186 93
Gum copal 36, 651 27
Wine 570 00
Total 133,099 23
Although this has always been a wine-growing country, it will be noticed that
this article forms quite a small item in the above statement.
The reasons for this are many — ^the high rates of duty charged in the United
States, and the high price of wines here caused by the ravages of the vine
disease. Under ordinary circumstances Lisbon wines most in demand in the
United States are of a low price, ranging firom $40 to $90 per pipe of one hundred
and twenty gallons — a rate at which until lately it was impossible to ship wines.
It is to be observed, however, that in the year 1864 the vine disease made com-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
P6BTUGUE8E DOMINIONS. 215
nratiyelj but little ravages, and that the vintage now about being gathered is
declared excellent in quaiitj and abundant, so that there is every prospect of
Portuguese wines becoming again an article of extensive export to the United
States.
The rate of freight between Lisbon and New York varies considerably ; but
the following may be taken as the general limits: Light goods, (corkwood,
&c.) $10 to 915 per ton ; heavy ditto, $4 50 to $7 per ton.
Charters to South American ports are to be had at the following rates : To Rio
de Janeiro, 18i. 6d, to 25m, per ton ; to Rio Grande, 24#. a 27 «. 6d. p'er ton.
These rates, however, are subject to much variation, and to the demand, the
Eeason, &c.
The principal exchange operations are effected through London, and the fol-
lowing are the prevalent rates per 1,000 reis :
For bills at sight 51| to 52J
For bills at thirty days 52l to 521
For bills at sixty days 52^ to 52|
For bills at ninety days 53 to 53|
For practical purposes, and as an average in caleulation« the American dollar
k taken at a par of 920 reis«
Digitized by LjOOQIC
216
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOBEiaN COUMEBCE.
I
14
4 8
•s
§
•I
I
I
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1 "• -i
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Digitized by
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PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS. 217
FuNCHAL — 0. A. Leas, Consul.
November 3, 1865.
Herewith I have the honor to transmit a statement of the commercial move-
ments of this place for the year 1864.
GRAPE CROP IN 1865.
The grape crop of the island has jnst heen gathered, and the amount of
wine obtained therefrom is estimated at four thousand pipes, being about double
that of 1864. Though the blight still continues, yet the grape is preserved from
utter destruction by the use of sulphur, which substance cannot be thoroughly
washed from the grape before the juice is expressed therefrom, nor can it be
altogether separated from the juice ; hence the wine is not regarded as good
as before the hlight occurred; but nevertheless the cultivation of the wine, even
nnder such unfavorable circumstances, is more profitable than even that of sugar
cane (which was resorted to after the failure of the grape crop some years ago ;)
hence many are now pulling up their cane and replanting the vine. There-
fore, all thiogs being equally favorable during this year, the supply of wine the
coming year will be greater than that of the present,
SUGAR CROP FOR 1865.
The amount of sugar produced from the crop of cane this year is estimated
at a fmclion over five hundred thousand pounds, English.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
218
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
00
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I
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Digitized by V^OOQIC
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
219
Statement showing the description, quantity and value, and the countries of des-
tination, of the exportsjrom FuncAalJor the year 1864.
Great Britain.
British oolonlei.
Portugal.
Franca.
Qaantity.
Yaloe.
Qnanfy
Valae.
Quantity.
Value.
Quaot'y
Value.
Be«C Mlted kilo..
1,110
$130 00
21, 646 ,
8,859
$2,737 00
1. 416 20
Brandy lltrei..
Coal tona..
HtdM kilo..
27,859
5, 919 90
5,519 00
SaAdriM
$10,400
'86,"506"
3,*789 06
2,151 90
$402 70
Onkms ....kilo.
20,000
480 00
Ormagtm... :..... U..
400
463
27,459
1,160 00
2,300
59 70
1,070 00
44,805 00
3,000
70 30
8|»le«0
8ii««r kilo-.
206,168
29,807
Wiam Utwi..
289,365
188,612
7,501
6,070 00
22.92100
2,044
1,600 00
Total
199,475
13,300 90
84,377 10
2,553 00
Statement showing the descripti
Ion, quantity
and value, Sfc, — Continued.
DtMripUoB.
United Statea.
Skip rappliea
111
Totn.1 valnA
Quanfy
Value.
Quanfy
Value.
QuanVy
Value.
Beef,ialted kilo..
22,756
8.859
455
22,143
*17,5o0
557
$2,867 00
1, 416 20
Brandy litrve..
Coal ton«..
- .
17,550
$104,706
104 706 00
Hsdes kilo..
27,859
5,919 20
20, 689 70
Sandriea
$573
430
$6
Onkms kilo..
30,000
136,500
2,730
3,061 90
463 00
Ofmnget M..
Potatoct kilo
3,000
An
35,450
714
1 350 00
8|»tte«
1 070 00
a«iv kilo..
44,805 00
"Wine litre*.. 2,534
1,800
9.034
1,540
1.001
488
234,286
79,053
223,031 00
Totd
2,863
1,546
105.194
409,379 00
*TODI.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
220
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Tabular statement showing th6 nationality^ number^ tonnage, and crews oj
foreign vessels entered and cleared at the port of Funchal during the year 1864.
SNTIBZD.
Nattonalitj.
With cargoes
In ballast.
Total
Vessels.
•
TOML
Crvwi.
Voiiels.
Tons.
Crews.
Vessels.
Tons.
Crewi.
Britiah
107
83
4
25.033
12,847
1,127
1,368
955
33
no < 4.T4AQ
3,404
475
217
98
4
2
68,512
22,344
1,127
927
473
70
1,965
1,273
138
56B
237
627
193
4,712
l,i»
33
Portngnew
15
9,497
American
Italian
3
1
927
473
41
28
41
Spanish
28
Dutch
1
1
3
70
280
798
6
9
33
6
French
3
1
1
1,685
475
158
49
14
8
5i
Norwegian
46
Hambargian
8
Greek
2
568
80
90
Bratllian
1
337
21
21
Pnimian s.
2
1
627
193
26
8
26
Oldenburg
8
Total
204
41,533
2,456
134 1 56,941
4,040
337
98,474
6,496
CLIARED.
Britiiih
16
28
5.085
6,748
372
446
201
69
62,116
15,522
1,127
929
473
70
1,965
1,273
158
568
237
627
193
4,271
976
32
41
28
6
58
46
8
20
21
26
8
217
97
4
2
1
1
4
4
1
2
I
2
1
67,201
22,270
1,127
929
473
70
1.965
1,273
158
568
237
6a7
193
4,613
Portuguese
1,422
a
Italian
41
Spanish
21^
Dutch
6
French
56
Norweirian .....
46
Haniburgian
6
Qreek
20
Brazilian
31
Prnmian
26
Oldenburg
6
Total
34
11,833
818
393
85,258
5.541
337
97,091
6.359
Statement shotoing the nationality and number of vessels arriving at Funchal
during the year ended Dece?nber 31, 1865.
Portuguese 89 Norwegian.
English 188 Danish
French 20 Spanish.
American
Prussian
Russian
Italian
Peruvian •
Egyptian
Swedish
Mecklenburgueee
5 Bremen.
6 Siamese
3 Oldenburguese.
3 Hanoverian...
2 Dutch
Total.
331
Digitized by LjOOQIC
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
221
Oporto — ^Hbkby W. Diman, Consul.
December 31, 1864.
Statement showing the description^ place of production t and value of exports
from Oporto to the United States for the quarter ended December 31, 1864.
Description.
Place of production.
Value.
Wines....
Argols
Corkwood
Salt ,
Portugal t6,900 93
Portugal ' 494 37
Portugal.
Portugal.
Total.
853 17
279 34
SiSif? 8J
Digitized by
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222
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Fayal — C. W. Dabnby, Consul.
Summary statement skotcing the description and value of the imports into the
port of Fayal, also the names of the countries tohence shipped, during- the
quarters ended December 31, 1864, and March 31, 1865.
N«met of eoimtriM.
DewsAption.
ValMiarels.
Gn^at Britain
Coals, dry gooda, ingar, tea, rice, brandy, wine, paper, flax.
pre»eryem ioap, clocki, iron work, iron hoopa and poata,
crockery, indigo, &c.
Dry goods, wine, gin, rinegar, brandy, oil, petroleum, linseed
oil, sole leather, ateel, iron hoops, brooms, earthenware,
tallow and wax candles, soap, ftimitnre, tobacco, paper,
ft-nits, salt Indian con, mahogany, white lead, glass, palm
oil, nails, spices, Ac
Flour, bread, lamps, ftimltore, apples, sole leather, candles,
s«>lf-heati<rs, lumber, nails, blacking, oars, glass, guano^
salt fish. Sit.
Sperm, black flsfa, whale, kerosene, and palm oil, whalebone,
salt flab, cotton, 4tc
53,989 800
Portoffal—St. Michael'R, Pe-
reira, Graclow, St. 0«orge,
and Floran.
United States
53,303.515
9,634.309
Whallnff fthini
1^ 370. 435
Coal, sngar, crockery, cheese, salt, dry goods, ten, liquors,
rop«H, flax, potatoes, beef, salted, oil for painting, white
lead, indigo, soap, hemp, canvas, and sundries.
Com, wheat, barley, coffee, sngar, tea, paper, soap, hats,
leather, ftimiture, cotton, tobacco, dry goods, flax, paints,
liquors, and sundries.
Flour, bread, ropes, petroleum, oil for paint, nail plates, po-
tatoes, proTisions, docks, salt, paper, matches, coal, ftimi-
ture, books, &c.
T)rv omAria. tff a. eloeks. «rinA. A.e
Great Britain
19, 946L 400
35.734.609
6,938.000
Portngal—Lisbon, St. Mi-
chael's, Sta. Maria. Terceira,
St. George, and Gracioaa.
United States
Teneriffe
184.000
Rio de Janeiro.... *'i»#f«i» Iinn/ir atMl anrn'rlna 1
3,082. ItJU
Total quarter ended March 31, 1865
65,885.000
Summary statement shotcing the description and value of the exports at the port
of Fayal, aUo the names of the countries where shipped, during the quarters
ended December 31, 1864, and March 31, 1865.
Countries where shipped.
Description.
Valnoin mU.
peaa.
Great Briton
Oranges, straw hats, sperm, whale, and palm oil, old iron
and metal, lemons, wine. &c.
Lumber, furniture, tea, sugar, butter, dry goods, barley, log-
wood, brandy, wine, vinegar, iron work, baskets, flour,
coffee, cotton, grain, wax candles, petroleum, palm oil.
hides, soap, matches, fruit, cheese, glass, preserves, molas-
self-beaters, &c.
Sperm and whale oU, whalebone, cotton, preserves, straw
hats, baskets, embroidery, Ac
Oranges .................^.........-.t.i. ..........
10,a529H9ao
25,ea5|j55l
34, 119:300
40f;ooo
Portugal~St. Michael's, Pe-
reira, Graciosa, St. George,
Flores.
United States
Antwerp
70,08411971
Oranges, straw hats. .......................................
Great Britain
,, 841IJH0O
II.CHIHIUI
18,400:1500
6u,jaoo
Portugal— St. Mlchnt'l's, Ter-
ceira, Graciosa, St George.
United States
Butter, lard, hides, lumber, tar, braid, fruit, cheese, tobacco,
flour, tea, sngar, ooffee, salt, dry goods, oil, white lead,
rice, hats, sundries.
Oranin*a straw hats Innk Hrmlil ■iMtrm Ml A.f. . .
France
WInf nlantv. oranaes. .....................................
Germany, (Bremen)
Ebony
30.365fla0O
Digitized by LjOOQIC
P0BTUGUE8E DOMINIONS.
223
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224
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
St. Michabl's — T. Hicklino, Consular Agent.
Statement showing the deicription, quantity, and value of imports into St.
MichaeVs, (Azores, J during the year 1864, with the names of countries whence
derived.
Description.
Wine, maijnfactnres, &c
Lumber, 688 M feet, petrolenm oil, 6,154 ealls. 10 cases,
260 bbls. nails, <&c.
Lumber, 146 M feet, petroleum, 1,400 galls., 40 bbls
nails, and sundries.
Manufactures, ironware, &.c
, Molasses and sugars
Total.
Countries wbence
imported.
Portugal •.
United States...
Value.
$417,324 23
39,451 06
United States, yia! 12,663^1)
England. ,
Great Britain ; 409,870 34
Demerara .
7,160 ^
876,495 23
Statement showing the number and nationality of vessels, the quantity and value
of their cargoes, which sailed from the port of St. MichaeCs during the year
1864.
No.
Nationality.
Description of caigoes.
Quantity.
Value.
156
Portuguese
American
British
Wheat, maize, small and large,
b<*an» and fruits ..............
227, 364 bush
2, 000 boxes
208,221 do
$204,030 65
I
Oranges. •••.. ..••......••....
2,000 00
250,018 90
?98
do
Total
456,049 75
Tercbira — T. DB Castro, Chnsular Agent.
Statement showing the value of the imports into Terceira (Azores J during the
quarter ended December 31» 1864, together with the names of the places of
importation.
Vala6 in reis.
Qaebec 6, 006, 000
Bangor 4. 750, 000
Liverpool 50, 293, 600
London 17. 348. 800
Rio de Janeiro : 3, 639, 000
Fayal 1,015.000
Lisbon 38, 108. 000
Lisbon and St. Michaers 49, 946, 000
Total 171.106,400
Digitized by
Google
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS. 225
Statement shewing the value of exportu from Terceira (Azores) during the
quarter ended December 31, 1864, together with the names of the ports whu
ther shipped.
Name of ports and coDntries. Value in reis.
Fayal 12. 232. 000
Lisbon 10, 533, 000
Lisbon and St. Michael's 16, 025, 000
Great Britain 8, 250, 800
Total 47, 040, 800
Macao — W. I. Jones, Consul.
Sbptbmbbr 30, 1865.
* * I have the pleasure to transmit tables exhibiting the principal trade
etatietics of this port for the year ended June 30, 1865.
It appears that the imports into the colony for the above-named period —
In foreign-rigged vessels amounted to $5, 010, 829 00
la Chinese junks to 840, 955 00
Total 5, 851, 784 00
The exports amounted —
In foreign-rigged vessels to S3, 201, 917 00
In Chinese junks 500, 965 00
Total 3, 702, 882 00
The tables are extremely unsatisfactorj, as is easilj accounted for when it is
understood that the values are merely the estimates of masters of vessels or
shippers who are generally unwilling to exhibit their business to the public. A
comparison of the value of the opium imported, $2,535,974, with that ex-
ported, shows the unreliability of that exhibit, the greater part of the difference
beuig actually bought by the Chinese and Parsee merchants, and sent up the
coaat and into the interior in Chinese junks, which manage to smuggle it past
the custom-houses. The principal value of the tables is to exhibit the variety
of imports and exports, and by careful collating show what are the chief of
thej^ ; for example, opium, rice, tea, silk, cinnamon, paper, salt, anise-seed, oil,
fire-crackers, &c.
The coolie traffic from this port, even under increasing restrictions, is still
but little diminished in the number of emigrants, while their general health and
comfort are very nearly as well guaranteed before sailing as any police regulations
can warrant. The sufferings of these poor creatures do not occur until their
arrival beyond the seas. Few, probably, leave this harbor without their own
fall consent, little apprehensive of their fate.*
I exhibit also the nationality of the sailing vessels entered at or cleared from
this port during the same period — none bore our flag, which, however, was repre-
* Tie total number of coolies shipped from Macao during the year 1864, in coDformity
»ith the regulatioiu of this colony, was 10,712 in 33 vessels, of an aggregate nainber of
triHA, 2U,450. Callao or Lima was the destination of 22 of these vessels, and Havana of the
rcsidae.
15 C g • Digitized by V^OOQiC
226 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
sented by five American merchant steamers, one of them running regularly be-
tween this port and Canton, and another plying of late daily to and from Hong-
Kong.
I also show the number and tonnage of vessels employed in the direct and
indirect trade, with a comparative statement of the number of vessels entered
and cleared during the several years from July 1, 1860, to June 30, 1865, and
a statement of the average market prices of principal imports and exporU dur-
ing the year ended September 30, 1865.
I take pleasure in communicating the intelligence that this colony has set a
most important example to all China and Japan by the erection of a light-house,
with a superior American revolving light, upon the loftiest height of the Macao
promontory . Were such lights established on all the prominent parts of the
China coast and upon the Prata and Paracella shoals, many lives and millions
of property would be saved annually.
American capital is still employed at Macao only in merchandise, and princi-
pally for shipments either direct to Great Britain or to Whampoa, or Hong-Kong
(where they are invoiced,) and thence to the United States.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
227
5'
o
1 §si"iSg5SS"ilg3
I w ©f "«r cot i-i"
w ri" c*2f e**i-*' c««o c*i-*V
-3
s
a
5S
2
if
■3
i
9
ii
P.
of
S
I
S.
•a
§
I
iiig
§1
of
83
Si:;
g-S
S2
Si?;
-'2
n^ ©f
ss
11
= - = o o c
9
5 c 3
r'i'iJ-^-PEj
1
c
Digitized by V^OOQlC
228
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement shoicing the decsription, quantity, and value of imports into and eZ'
ports Jrom Macao in Chinese junks during the year ended June 30, 1865.
Description.
Anise-seed picnls.
oil of do. .
mnrk do..
Almonds
American drills bales.
Baize
Beans picnls.
Bags.
Cotton picnls . .
Copper do.-.
Cinnamon do...
oil do. . .
Chinese medicines bales..
Cows* boms picnls..
Cloth
Chintz
Cocoanuts
Cocoa picnls..
Cash do...
Camphor do...
Dried shrimps. do. . .
fish do...
cuttle fish do...
Druffs ■
Dyemff cocoa picnls..
Erva doce do..,
oil of. ........... ..........do..
Flax do..
Fish wings do..
Flour do..
Flax-seed do.-
Gum do..
Hogs
Hams catties.
Ivory picnls.
Jobs sticks do..
Indigo tubs.
Kernel picnls.
Lamp oil do..
Leather do..
Lard ...do..
Lead do..
Lacquered do. .
Mats pieces.
Maca picnls.
Peas, green do..
Sugar, brown do..
Nankins do..
Opium
Paddy do..
Paper
Pima, (medicine)
Rice
Ratans
Redwood
Sugar
Salt
Silk
IMPORTS.
Quantity.
2,774
420
274
72
1,707
157,616
60
20
3,886
210
64
2,807
62,600
2,314
35
229
25
381
4
1,724
44
4
236
J 14
718
54
213
1,344
162
2
123
35,196
941
30, 050
299
80
50
53
23,212
53,487
1,062
5,558
576
Value.
4,696
1,387
14
16,466
413
485
8,656
109,758
44
121,277
7,529
2,650
4,400
3,457
3,003
1,740
398
37,969
13,892
825
9,943
551
2,415
360
189
975
8,331
68
4,967
1,689
570
1,218
505
1,912
248
1,078
21,127
62
400
163
142,527
3,425
133,686
3,2a5
938
1,000
575
2,115
102,889
2,845
7,698
784
EXTORTS.
Quantity.
11,085
7,318
120
52,854
2,200
417
46,358
58,127
15,830^
Digitized by
9,117
355
5,075
100
423
850
Yalae.
$47,511
2,645
118,578
2,500
3,0fi4
3,860
108
48
12,430
540
40
* 3,064
1,554
144
27,74(1
256,559
1,000
'9^192
CoogTe
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
Statement — Continued.
229
Description.
IMPORTS.
EXPORTS.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
80
$2,032
yellow ................ «...
62
4,511
203
61
355
1,380
1,065
2,033
1,644
2,319
474
5
123
$8,307
6,328
2,229
671
1,023
24
8,127
7,727
1.5,486
16,716
510
100
1,213
Sesame ............ ......................
oil
Sncan
..-.-. ....
Salt ash
Sticks
Tallow
Tin
Tea
Tobacco
1,280
10,420
Tree skin
UDicoms
Varnish
Velvet
2
1,120
Wood
95
140
30
606
1,690
502
19,709
Wax
WoodoQ
Sundries
13,146
Total
840,955
500,965
Digitized by LjOOQIC
230
s
1
C 00
?0
•£.
^4
"8
r
"^1
I
o
=1
•53
cog
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
I
a
d
I
3
-a
>
SiRiimi|8|ill|SiiiiSiafei=l=5l§llllll^
-f K « ■* CO op o" e^ci 2* o* *«•" "*" '^" y* ^ '^^ •-•' 5»"
of jcof of »-I « 2";o"2'V5« ^'rfi-'c a
V ofo' »nV «-r ofi-Ti-T o" cf
I&
I
?
9
-3
:9
I
SSS?
g2S
ooouu
of
•O'O'dTSTS
» «V
si
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-« w^
88
liigs^^i
§2iS"g|53
SrtPt^
8« :s3
ooao
Sow
ofoTrf
Si
§1
i-T of ofufcf^^Ki-r
s-'SaS
'll
k a
«* ^
S§|S
C3
Is
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS.
231
ilgiiigSSis
i§s
iJ
isf
$3S
lltll
Digitized by LjOOQIC
232
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the nationality, tonnage, number , and cretcs of vessels entered
and cleared at the fort of Macao during the year ended June 30, 1865.
BIITKRZD.
Natiooality.
Witheargoet.
Inballait.
TotaL
Veueli.
Tom.
VeMeU.
Torn.
Crewi.
VeMelfl.
Tons.
Crewfc
B«lffian
1
1
5
3
IS
11
19
18
2
14
8
2
1
8
4
3
832
1.814
1.395
3.445
4,180
11,172
8,154
995
4,435
7.265
487
518
5.907
2,366
1.209
21
61
44
150
61
495
319
27
186
177
24
15
151
67
50
I
12
3
25
20
55
24
6
34
9
2
3
8
12
4
832
4.104
1,395
5.690
7,072
27,229
10,W*4
1.917
9,8t*4
7,.''>94
487
1.444
5.907
5,876
1.783
Si
Bremen
7
2,290
86
H7
Chilian
44
Danish
10
9
36
6
2,245
2,892
16,057
1,930
922
5,449
329
93
157
651
78
52
273
13
343
Dntch
ain
English
1,146
French
W
Hanoverian
Hambarg
Italian
Norwegian ........
79
4W
190
S4
Oldenbnrg
Peruvian ,
«
926
44
151
PortugneM
Pruaaian
8
1
3,510
580
174
17
241
67
Total entered...
104
37,130
1.638
114
54.168
1,848
218
91,29t
a4«
CLEARJCD.
NationaUty.
With cargoes.
In ballast
TotaL
Vessels.
Tons.
Crews.
Vessels.
Tons.
Crews.
Vessels.
Tons.
Crewa.
1
Belgian
1
9
2
17
15
35
20
20
4
8
2
2
4
16
1
1
832
3.118
599
3,946
5.327
17,183
8,977
5,700
1,577
7,514
505
1,131
3,470
8,540
450
250
24
110
27
175
242
799
368
255
63
271
24
34
120
382
11
15
1.
\
2
24
15
48
23
35
5
8
2
3
4
16
3
1
2
20
832
3,118
599
5,549
5,327
21,«J2
9.848
9,868
1,920
7,514
505
1,471
3.470
8,540
1.410
250
895
5,944
24
Bremen
110
Chilian
27
Danish
7
1.603 ,
76
251
Dutch
342
English
13
3
15
1
4,419
871 1
4,168 !
343
196
38
191
15
995
French
406
Hamburg
446
Hanoverian
Italian
eri
Norwegian
24
Oldenburg
1
340
25
59
ISO
Portuguese
3lE^
Pmsflian
2
960
27
38
Siamese
15
Sweden
2
6
895
1.544 1
28
107
28
8[mnisb ,
14
4.400
316
423
Total cleared...
171
73,519
3,236
50
15,143 1
703
221
88,662
3,939
Digitized by LjOOQIC
POBTUanESE DOMINIONS.
233
Statement ihawing the nationality t numher, and tannage of vessels engaged in
the direct and indirect trade at the part of Macao during the year ended
June 20, 1865.
ZKTXIUED.
CLEARED.
XatkmaUtj.
Direct trade.
Indirect trade.
TotaL
Direct trade.
Indirect trade.
Total.
>
1
1
1
J
1
1
1
1
1
>
1
Brlgiu
1
7
3
S9
20
35
20
34
6
9
2
3
7
12
4
832
2,290
1,395
5,690
7,072
16,810
8,609
9,884
1.917
7,594
487
1.444
5,6fi7
5.876
1,783
1
12
3
25
20
55
24
34
6
9
2
3
8
12
4
832
4,104
1,395
5,690
7,072
27,229
10,084
9,884
1,917
7,594
487
1,444
5,907
5.876
1,783
1
9
2
24
15
9
18
33
5
8
2
3
832
3,118
599
5,549
5,327
3,342
8,536
9,433
1,920
7,514
505
1,471
1
9
2
24
15
48
23
35
5
8
2
3
4
If
3
1
2
20
832
Br^S. :;:;::
5
1,814
3,118
599
rhJlWn
Daat^ -
5,549
5,327
Dntfh
Eujrtlih
Pi«ch
BxBilwrf
20
4
10,419
1.475
39
5
2
18,260
1,312
435
21,602
9,848
9,868
1,920
7,514
505
HttoTnten...
Titian ... .
......
Norwegian '
(Mdraborg
1,471
3,470
Fi^niTian
1
240
4
1
3,470
236
PortofoMe . ..
15
3
1
2
6
8,304
1,410
250
895
2,561
8.540
1,410
250
PraHOaii '
Siamewe !
g«^(fcn
895
Kl>»^
14
3,383
5,944
Totd
»
13,948
188
77,350
218
91,298
65
27,096
156
61,566
m
88,662
Comparative statement showing the aggregate number of vessels arrived at and
departed from Macao during each of the Jioe years ended June 30, from
18i60 to lb65t inclusive, together uith their tonnage and number of their crews.
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
Yean.
No. of
vestels.
Tons.
No. of the
No. of
yesselB.
Tonfl.
No. of the
crews.
June 90,1861
287
231
195
172
218
104,613
84,992
75,819
63,280
91,296
5,513
4,245
3,333
2,809
3,462
288
220
198
171
221
120,398
94, 145
75,422
62,075
66,662
5,898
4,469
1^62
186:5
3,619
1864
2,654
1665
3,939
Total vwsela
Arenge each year
1.103
220
420,002
84,000
19,382
3.876
1,098
219
440,702
88,140
20,779
4,155
Digitized by LjOOQIC
234 ANNUAL REPORT ON POREiaN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the average prices at Macao Jar the year ended September
30, 1S65.
Tea, Souchong 41 and 43 taels per picul.
Tea. Congo 31 " 32 "
Cotton, Shanghai $36 bO and 30 00 per picul.
Cotton, Ningpo 27 00 " 29 00
Cotton, Calcutta 23 50 " 25 00 "
Rice, Bengal 2 90 " 3 10
Rice, Saigon 2 80 " 2 90 *•
Rice, Singapore 2 70 " 2 75
Cinnamon 16 75 " 19 25
Cinnamon oil 186 00 " 189 00
Cinnamon flour 48 00 " 49 00 "
Star anise-Beed 23 00 " 23 60 "
Aniae-seed oil 174 00 " 178 00
Galingale 1 80 " 1 90
Vermillion 32 " 33 per box.
Quicksilver 61 " 63 per picuL
White pepper 11 68 " 12 00
Blackpepper 6 75 « 7 00 "
Sugar,No.l 8 25 « 8 75
Sugar,No. 2 7 25 " 8 00
Sugar, No. 3 6 00 " 6 10 "
Sugar, brown 5 00 " 5 20 "
Tin 62 00 " 25 00
Lead 5 80 " 5 90 "
Ratan 3 80 " 3 90 «•
Betel nut 3 40 '• 3 50 «
Sandal-wood 8 00 •« 8 25 «*
Lamp oil 12 25 " 12 75 "
Tobacco 5 50 " 6 00 "
Indigo 2 75 " 2 80 "
Peas 2 76 " 2 80 "
White beans 2 25 " 2 60 "
Flour 1 75 •« 2 00 per bag of 50 lbs.
Silk 480 00 " 482 00 per picul.
Saltpetre 8 25 " 8 50 "
Opium, Patna 685 00 " 690 00 per chest.
Opium, Benares 665 00 " 670 00 "
Opium, Maloa 820 00 " 825 00 "
BELGIUM.
Ghent — ^Marinus J. Levison, Consul,
October 5, 1865.
GENERAL SITUATION.
Business has not shown more activity during this than the last year. From
the very beginning of the year it was evident that the great American strugj^le
was rapidly approaching towards a close, and the greatest uncertainty prevailed
as to the effect which the cessation of hostilities would have on the trade.
Another cause of calmness was the high rate of discount on all European mar-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
BELQICM.
235
ket8. In Belgium it never exceeded six per cent., but the banks showed much
more security than in ordinary times as to the nature and the character of the
bills presented for discount.
MARITIME COMMBRCB.
The tonnage of the vessels which entered the port of Ghent in 1864 was
47,558 tons, showing a decrease against 1863 of 2,540 tons.
The following is the statement of arrivals compared with those of the pre-
ceding year :
Cargoes.
Wood
Oleaginous grains
Flax, hemp, and tovr .
Oil cakes
English coals
Grain ,
Kia?
Wine ,
Raw salt ,
Raw sugar
Portugal fruit
Stock fish and liver oil
Cast iron
Various merchandise .
Onhallast
Total
1864.
Kumber. ' Tonnage.
85
17
33
23
10
1
9
8
6
4
4
6
5
77
4
17,772
1,815
6,574
1,711
791
332
702
675
1,296
894
434
381
486
13,253
442
292
47,558
1863.
Number.
16
23
6
2
4
6
9
7
6
9
18
107
4
306
Tonnag^.
20,383
1,727
3,890
412
179
6J7
443
615
1,639
1,618
745
1,816
15,702
312
50,098
Difference in 1854.
More.
Less.
2,611
88
2,684
1,299
612
285
259
60
343
724
311
381
1.330
2,449
130
2,540
These vessels were of the following
Nationality.
Number.
Tonnage.
British
103
35
8
1
10
28
68
6
9
21
2
1
16,086
Belgian
5,017
Danish
639
Bpanish...... .................................................
144
French
898
Hanoverian
3,181
Swedish and Norweflrian .................. ...... ................
14,499
Prassiian
1,837
Russian
1,836
Ketberbuidish
2,803
Italian
538
Hambur]gian
80
Total
292
47,558
The flag of Mecklenburg, which need to arrive frequently in this port with
wood, has completely disappeared. This is on account of the extra tax which
the Mecklenburg vessels have to pay, that government ha^dng declined to par-
ticipate in the redemption of the Scheldt toll.
The importations of flax and tow have increased considerably notwithstanding
the abundant crop in this country.
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
236 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
COTTON-SPINNING AND WEAVING FACTOBIBS.
There has been no improvement in this branch. Labor has not increased,
and can only be valued half of that of an ordinary year. The home con-
sumption of manufactured goods has been so little important that three-sevenths
of the production was to be exported.
FLAX.
In the preparing of flax there was this year great activity. The crop of flax
was considerable, and the trade has increased also by the preparing in this
country of foreign flax. In the district of E«loo the importance of this branch
has doubled in 1864. About four-fifths of the crop of the port of Zealand
which is situated on the left bank of the river Scheldt was imported into Bel-
gium to be prepared, and there re-exported to England.
SPINNING FACTORIBS OF FLAX, HEMP, AND TOW.
1 864 has certainly been the most prosperous year this industry ever has witnessed.
Several new factories have started, in consequence of which wages have risen.
Towards the end of the year, however, the cessation of hostilities in America
being more and more anticipated, some reaction showed itself, prices of yarn
gradually gave way, and in December they were reduced to their normal value.
Weaving participated in the activity of the spinning ; all sorts of linens met
with a considerable demand, the light bleached linens excepted. Trials made
with these latter, to be used instead of cotton goods, failed.
Lace will want the complete pacification in America to recover its ancient
prosperity. The year 1864 was, nowever, not quite so bad as the preceding.
SUGAR REFINBRIBS,
The exportation of the produce of this industry has greatly diminished on
account of the drawback having been reduced from frs. 55.50 to frs. 51.50.
Several factories reduced hours ; some closed altogether. Raw sugar produced
in Belgium, not finding sufficient consumption in this country, has been exported
to France.
DISTILLERIES.
The taxes for this district approach 548,418 hectolitres against 501,707 in
1863, showing an increase of proauction of 46,711 hectolitres.
THE OIL INDUSTRY.
The crop of oleaginous gnuns in 1864 was far inferior to that of 1863, and
the deficiency had to be made up by heavy importations of foreign grains.
Prices consequently were too high to allow the crushers to find due remuneration
for their labor; besides, large importations of petroleum, admitted into Belgium
without duty, reduced also the consumption of vegetable oil.
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.
With the exception of chlowrtt of lime wanted for bleaching, this industry has
not shown more activity than 1863. Ultra marine blue met with a regular sale,
and white lead had some good demand both for the interior and export
The prei aring and dyeing qfrahbit skins. — The demand for exportation for
dyed and dressed skins has been active and regularly sustained.
Digitized by
Google
BELGIUM.
237
The following are the returns for 1864 of the port of Oetend, according to
the statements of the consular agent :
Nationality.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
Number.
Tonnage.
Number.
Tonnage.
British
293
6
35
12
71
12
8
3
3
1
1
40,718
409
5,803
879
11)530
717
794
933
557
64
168
303
4
38
15
68
14
11
4
4
40,720
298
French
NorwMnan ....^.^r. ....•«.*i-.
6,277
1,268
Bel^an ..*.i.^
10,723
Ketherlandish
1,141
Daniih
872
Prussian
1,166
Swedish
738
Hamborf^n
RlfWlMl" .».^ w,^ rT....,,.-rTr -,^--rT» --
3
595
Total
445
62,572
464
63,798
This table does not comprise the Belgian steamers running between Ostend
and Dover; these carried 7,583 passengers from, and 8,107 passengers to,
Odtend.
Conntries.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
Imports.
Exports.
Great Britain
Francs.
3,310,467
277,841
346, 170
475,955
397,481
56,087
112,577
17,325
122,500
Francs.
16,760,905
Prussia
France
33
Norway
8,486
714
Russia
IVnmark .................................................
Netherlands
215
Portnml
166
Peru
Caba
32,981
174
Italy
Brazil
516
H^T^oTer a
25
Total
5,116,393
16,804,215
Transsbipment from —
Great Britain.
Do
Do
Do
Pnissia
France ,
France
Total.
Transshipment to—
Prassia
Netherlands . .
Luxemberg...
France
Great Britain.
Pmssia
Great Britain.
Amount.
Francs.
16,256,348
51,641
45,719
37,743
615, 162
554
2,932
17,010,099
igitizedbyLiOOgIC
238 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE,
Antwerp — A. W. Crawford, Conttd.
May 26. 1865.
I have the honor to transmit some remarks on the commerce of the United
States at this port during the year ended December 31, 1864.
Petroleum has been the principal article of import from the United States,
and Antwerp still takes the lead of the European markets in this branch of trade.
The imports of this article this year have doubled those of the preceding, and
are as follows: In 1863, 115,000 barrels; in 1864, 230,000 barrels; increase,
115,000 barrels.
About ten per cent, of the amount imported in 1864 was crude oil. Prices of
refined ranged higher in the summer than in the latter part of the year. Specu-
lation in the spring carried prices as high as 84 francs for oil to be delivered in
the winter. Subsequently prices declined, and in the middle of winter, when
consumption was most active, they ruled as low as 65 to 66 francs. This abnor-
mal situation can only be attributed to excessive speculation in the article, an
evil which will probably ere long work out its own remedy.
The consumption of petroleum in Europe generally, during 1864, has not in-
creased more than one-eighth over that of 1863. In some countries it has
remained stationary. In this country, however, it has shown a marked increase,
and also in the south of Germany, while in Great Britain there is no perceptible
progress. It is probable that our market will continue to be the great emporium
for the article. No neighboring port possesses such facilities for warehousing and
keeping the oil. This port has acquired great reputation abroad ; the Germans,
Dutch, &c., are accustomed to buy their supplies here, and they will doubtless
receive permanent customers. Importer having, however, generally lost money,
they will be less eager to order fresh cargoes this year; but I believe that our
port will receive a good deal on consignment, or cargoes purchased atloat in the
channel. Our stock of refined petroleum on the 3l8t December was 31,000
barrels.
Breadstuffs have been imported to a smaller extent in 1864 than in the pre-
vious year, either from the United States or other grain-growing countries,
owing to the good crops and consequent low prices, which left no margin for
importers. We have also imported much less bacon, lard, and tallow, partly on
account of the better hay crop in this country, and partly owing to the high
prices of these articles in American markets.
Guano was imported in large quantities during 1864. Forty-four American
vessels arrived here direct from Callao. The stock of guano now on hand being
considerable, and no American vessel having been chartered this year, I antici-
pate a great falling off in the arrivals of American vessels during 1865.
There have been nine American ships sold at this port during 1864, their
aggregate tonnage amounting to 8,946 tons. These sales have all been bona fidt
transactions.
Emigration to America via this port continues unabated from Germany, but
does not, I regret to say, in this country attract that share of attention the sub-
ject merits.
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS.
Rotterdam — George E. Wrss, Consul,
August 15, 1865.
Encloj^od herewith you will find my treatise on the cultivation of madJer, and
on the expediency ui introducing it into the United States. After the main
features of this treatise were prepared, I became more familiar with the pecu-
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DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 239
Ikritie? of the subject, and gathered additional information, compiled in an
appendix, which may both aid our agriculturists in intelligibly cultivating the
plaat, and induce them to undertake further experiments. It is important to
foster in the United States the cultivation of such plants as are used extensively
in commerce and manufactures.
The usefulness and importance of introducing the cultivation of madder into
the United States was first brought to my attention by the despatch of the
Secretary of State on that subject. Immediately after the receipt of that de-
spatch, all the information I could obtain from persons having particular acquaint-
ance with the subject was given in mine of June 12, 1863. I have now
the honor to send you herewith additional information.
The germs of madder have to be planted in the beginning or middle of April.
The best soil is clay land, which has to be tolerably solid. In Holland, as well
aa in France, four or five germs are planted near each other, in the space of one
square foot, and so on, as in the following diagram:
A and B are called beds, which are made higher two or three times a year with
the soil C.
Madder lasts, with cold summers, three years, but usually two ; then it must
he dug carefully and dried, when it is fit to be ground as required.
In the industrial convention held at Deventer, in the section of agriculture,
the question was moved, " What soil, as respects chemical contents, is best
adapted for the cultivation of madder ? By the committee of the section it was
proposed, and in general session adopted, to institute a chemical examination of
the lands where the best madder is produced, in order to ascertain what mate-
rial of the soil are to be considered most conducive to this cultivation.
In consequence of this resolution. Dr. T. M. Van Bemmelen personally
▼isited the grounds of the islands Schouwen and Zind Beveland, taking sam-
ples of the soil for chemical examination, and gathering useful information of
what is to be considered a soil best adapted to this cultivation, and lays down
the following propositions : A soil may yield a large crop of madder, but of an
inferior dye ; secondly, a soil may yield a medium or small crop, but the qual-
ity at the same time be good or bad. What in one locality may be understood
to be a very good soil may, perhaps, have a less credit in another. For every
locality the &rmer needs a test of its value, which is by no means adapted to
another location. This test will not only be dependent upon the best soils of
a certain district, but also upon other conditions. Where the very same kind
of soil exists in two places equally adapted to the cultivation of madder, the
one, after much tillage and manuring, may fail, while the other yield a good
crop. To come to a right understanding of the subtle agents affecting the qual-
ity of the crops, Dr, Van Bemmelen has made several chemical examinations of
the different soils used for the cultivation of madder on the islands of Zuid
Bevelan and Schouwen, collecting every species of information he could get
from the intelligent agriculturists of that region, and has embodied it into his
discussion of that question.
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240 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
THE KIND OF SOIL ON WHICH MADUBR IS CULTIVATED IN ZEALAND AND OTHER
ISLANDS.
The soil used is of every description that is found there, bat generally allu-
vial ; some of these soils are light and some heavy clay, others <* sand clay " ;
the light clay being mixed with sand and shells or pure sand with broken shells.
Where heavy clay is found it is in layers, generally about one Netherland yard
thick, followed by deeper layers of sand clay, and then by sea sand in many
localities. On sandy ground, however, the upper layers of sand clay are earlier
followed by sea sand, thus —
ISLAND OF SCHOUWEN.
Pslm*B depth of clay contaioiDg
Names of localities. sand layers over sea sand.
Bommenedepolden 5^ 7-7
Near Zonnemaire 2^
Near Nordwelle 6
Near Serooskerke 8
ISLAND ZUID-BBVELAND.
Perpoucherpolder 6
Oosterland 5
Ouder Fraayert 4
West Fraayert 4
Near Nieuve, West Fraayert 1.7
Where sand ground lies close under the sand clay, the upper stratum gener-
ally contains loss clay, and of a lighter kind, while in the thicker layers the clay
is heavier. Thus —
Thickness of claj stratam.
Near Bromvershaven, clay More than 1 Neth. yard.
Perpoucherpolder, clay More than 1.2 — 1.3 above white sand.
Perpoucherpolder, heavy clay More than 1 yard Neth.
Goeschepolder, clay More than 1 yard Neth.
Breede watering, Arendskerke at S. Hur,
clay More than 1 yard.
Breede watering, n'r Goeschepolden, clay. 1.20 yard above white sand.
Wilhelmmapolder, heavy clay : More than 1 yard.
On all these soils madder is planted with success, and on the island of Groe-
dereede even down sand is said to be used for the same purpose. As to the age
of the bottoms, there is no less difference ; that o\ the islana of Schouwen being
uncertain, while the " palders " (lands gained by the levees) of Zuid-Bevelaud,
are 400, 300, 200, 100, 50 years old, and some of them even lately acquired by
levees.
Madder is also planted on the clay ground of Zyuid, Holland, West Zealand,
in Noord Brabant and Haarlem mermeer, in the Anna Panlownapolders, in the
Wieringorwaard on Reyerland, Texel, &c., and lately in Friesland.
From the above data it appears that the cultivation of madder is not confined
to certain soils, provided care be taken that the land in tillage be deeply dug,
well dressed, kept loose and open, and fairly manured.
A tough, stiff clay grouud is not very suitable, as the roots cannot well pene-
trate, develop and expand. Then such a ground is often too cold, as it does
not let ('ff water, but at the same time such ground, if strongly worked and
drained, may be very well adapted. In the Wilhelminapolder very heavy clay
grounds^ formerly quite useless, are now, after good drainage and tilling, giving
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BOMIKIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 241
tbe richest crops. But swampy, deep-lying, and poorly-drained lands are not
adapted to the cultivation of madder. Sandy soils generally, being loose, have
a tendency to let off the water, and do not resist the expansion of the roots. A
soil of common fertility for grain is not fit for madder without heavy manuring.
It has to be planted at great intervals, and the crop is necessarily light Soils
rich m hamoB, such as have been used for gardens, are valuable from their fer-
tilitj and humidity. Besides, they are warm, abound in ammonia and nitric
acid and chemical transformations, and are known by experience to produce
Inxariant crops. Pasture lands, ploughed up after other crops, will produce a
large yield of good madder. Also swampy grounds, newly enclosed by levees,
are especially suited for madder^ being loose and open, without hard crusts.
These are richer in soluble salts than other grounds, and remain so for many
years. If they should not produce well in the first year, it will be owing to
their not being sufficiently tilled or properly drained.
Light soils, having humus, easily drained, and not very fertile, may become
suitable, and give rich crops by heavy manuring. But, generally, heavy grounds
are, by their very nature, to be considered better adapted than light to this cul-
tivation, providea they be carefully worked and dried.
Old sous of proper underground are very good, and even light, sandy soils,
having a rich subsoil, such as clay or humus layers, may give rich crops of
madder. So in Haarlemnermenpolder the cultivation of madder proved Sdccess-
fai.
I St. Clay, light colored, underlaid with one Netherland yard of sea sand.
^. Moorey and sandy clay, (mixed ground,) underlaid with 0 5 Netherland
yard of clay, and a layer of sea sand.
3d. Moorey sand, with one yard of clay.
CHBHICAL EXAMINATION OF ZBALAND AND OTHBR MADDRR-PROUUCINO SOILS,
AND THE RELATIONS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND FERTILITY.
As there has been, until lately, but limited means of ascertaining the con-
nexion between the chemical composition and fertility of soils, a strict and subtile
analysis of samples would prove of very little utility. The inquiry must, there-
fore, be confined to the most important object, that of ascertaining the quantity
of solable ingredients — humus, moisture, clay, and sand. The following samples,
taken from Dutch and French soils, were examined by Drs. Von Bemmdere and
Vlaanderen :
Sample No. 1. Swampy earth from the department of Vaucluse, probably
from the Pains de Monteaux ; an oblong basin, which had formerly been reclaimed
from the sea. There is a sediment of alluvial layers, containing remains of
sweet water conchytes, mixed with humus and mud. The subsoil consists of
coarse gravel, through which water constantly flows. This region is, by the
snrronuding mountains, protected from violent winds. The drainage has natural
outlets, which can be shut up in dry weather. It is a loose and crummy
ground, resembling, in dry weather, a dusty heap of ashes. It was examined
by Dr. L. Vlaanderen. The madder planted in the above-described soil is of a
deep dark color, and a hectare will, on the average, yield 3,000 kilos of madder
root in eighteen months. Less adapted to madder are the newer alluvial lands
of the Rhone valley, and still less tnan these are the swampy grounds lying
north o£ Orange, and near Tarascon, where only yellow, or at most rosy, madder
grows. The above grounds are manured.
No. 2. A fioil at Bromvershaven, within the old walls of the town, but beyond .
iti building grounds. This soil is considered to be the best for this cultivation
of the whole Schonwen, and on which the three years' variety has been suc-
cessfully cultivated for t^nty years, with one single alternation of barley or
rye. It ia enriched by sixty to seventy cart-loads of manure to each hectare of
land The returns are rather curious. Even on the rich grounds of Schonwen,
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242 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
and after thorough mannring, there is nothing eqaal to it. This soil is, by its
dark color, different from idl ordinary soils on Schonwen and Tnid Beveland,
heing very rich in humus. By more careful analysis it will be found to con-
tain charcoal, fragments of shells, bricks, stones, and bones. All these were
selected and set aside for examination. The ground, most probably, had once
been covered with buildings. For a depth of one yard, instead of sand, are
yellow clay and sand mixed ; rich and humid, but not at all wet.
No. 3. A veiy light ground, consisting of sea sand, mixed with fragments of
shells, in the Wilhelminapolder, enclosed by levees in the year 1809, and con-
taining very little clay, even on the surface.
No. 4 is a very good madder soil ; it is a sea-marsh 550 years old, and is
called's Gravenpolder ; also enclosed by levees in 1809. The crop produced
thereon in 1861 was 2,650 kilograms of madder-root per hectare. It is a
loose, mucky sand soil, light-colored, which dries up into balls and clods con-
taining a little clay, much humus, and retaining humidity more than mere sand
soil No. 3. But both the two last specimens are inferior to No. 2.
No. 5 is sand soil of the Zommenedepolder, diked A. D. 1425 ; planted
with ** three-years madder," which had been manured three years before; half a
yardjbeneath it was sea-weed and shells. This ground is quite open, well watered,
and lies six palms above the level of the water. This soil is equal to No. 3,
having had nfty loads of stable manure per hectare.
No. 6 is an old clay soil, with a slight admixture of magnesia, lying on the
Breedewatering — t. e., the oldest part of the Tynie Beveland, the nucleus of the
island, surrounded by what lately were marshes. There is, besides 120 yards
of white sand, a free, thick layer of heavy clay, planted with " three-years *'
madder. The crops that preceded the madder were well manured, but the
madder was not ; there is, however, ditch earth thrown on as a substitute. It
is poorer in soluble salts than Nos. 2, 3, and 4 ; the 0.3 per cent, of carbonate of
lime gained by the analysis is to be ascribed to some fragments of shells found
therein. This is darker- colored, and is richer in humus and humidity, and, of
course, of good quality.
No. 7, clay, from the Wilhelminapolder, analyzed by Dr. 0. L. Vlaanderea
in 1857, together with its subsoils, is equal to the clay of No. 10, and becomes
very fertile, and is by far the best madder grown when well drained.
No. 8. This is a heavy clay soil, out of the Wilhelminapolder, of a uniform
color, and almost without veins. Though the layers of clay are thick and
heavy, they show in the deeper parts some red veins. These lands have, by
good tilling and draining, produced excellent crops of " thr^e-years " madder.
For madder they require manure, but not for grain.
No. 9. This is a lighter clay soil, at Scrooskerke, on Schonwen, of darker
color than sandy clay soils generally are ; at eight palms in depth it becomes
sand mixed with fragments of shells, and is well drained, but does not yield
very rich crops of madder, and is not, therefore, considered well adapted to it.
Mere madder is raised in the neighborhood on another clay soil of a darker
color than the above, having, at eight palms below, sandy clay, but not sand ;
being humid, yet letting off the water quite fipeely.
No. 10. This is a very good madder soil,* of clay, not very heavy, near Noor-
dwelle ; one of the oldest soils gained by levees, yet, at 0.75 depth, containing
clay ^nd sand only, and is planted with ** three-years madder."
No. 11. This soil is lying near the former^and is of heavier and stiffer clay ;
subsoil brown, colored with many moory spots and strips, showing no sand
even at 1.1 in depth ; it dries very hard ; the yield is less than on a neighboring
soil, where, at 0.6 yard depth, sand appears ; no brown veins or spots are to be
seen, and the water passing freely through it. In r^ny weather it is not so
easily handled as No. 10, the latter, however, not Deing an unfruitful soil.
The madder-roots, while penetrating well enough^ do not sufficiently spread ;
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DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 243
bnt for gram this soil is well adapted, as might be expected from a clay soil
containing chalk.
No. 12. This is a clay ground, in the new Perpoucher-polder, diked in 1846 ;
of homogeneous rose-color, and thickness of 1.2 — 1.3 yards, decreasing to 6
palms ; at another place it contains fragments of shells ; in the underground,,
white sea-sand. The level of the water is quite low here. This is also ma-
nnred, (40 cart-loads per hectare,) and yields excellent crops. In this neighbor-
hood are very heavy clay soils, letting the water off with the difficulty, and, of
coarse, not adapted to madder, but may be well prepared for it by good tillage
and drainage.
Of these kinds of soils, more or less detailed analyses have been made. Of
Nos. 1 and 7, Dr. Ylaanderen has determined the mineral parts soluble in muri-
atic acid, with loss by heat and humidity, but the amount of clay and sand has
not been defined. From the quantity of potash, magnesia, and alum-earth
thereby solved, it seems that the muriatic acid used by him was very weak.
Of Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12, by Dr. Van Bammerlen, the ingredients soluble
in weak acetic acid were (besides the loss by burning and humidity) defined.
Of Nos. 1, 2, and 12, besides the mineral parts, (after having extracted with
acetic acid,) are soluble in boiling muriatic acid. Then of 1 and 2 ; the quantity
of dissolvable portions (clay and the finest sand) is salinous acid, and to be
(after extracting with muriatic acid) solved in boiling carbonic soda; and,
fioally, exposed to nitric acid by.Boussingault's method.
Of Nos. 6, 9, and 10, the chalk magnesia, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid,
(soluble in boiling muriatic acid) have been defined. The results of this analysis
are to be found in tabular statements I and U. By extracting with acetic acid
we are enabled to learn the soluble matter, i. e., the bases and acids, soluble in
water; thus, sulphuric and muriatic compbunds, the bases resting on or-
ganic acids, such as the humus acids, the siuts soluble in carbonic waters, like
chalk and magnesia. At last, from alum-earth becoming solved, besides more of
potash, soda, chalk, and magnesia, combined sulphuric, muriatic, carbonic,
and phosphoric acids, there appears that part of the silicioua compounds (zeo-
Hthes) which are also solved in acetic acid.
We can, doubtless, no better learn precisely the soluble matter of a soil
which serves to nourish the roots of the plants than by the contracting agency
of acetic acid. Short of this, water would not furnish the means of solving
either the phosphoiic acid, or the chalk and magnesia ingredients, as well by
acetic acia as by the sediment water. Although we cannot possibly tell
what quantity must be yearly in store to nourish the roots, as this depends more
on goad tilling, rain, warmth, &c., yet we may be sure that the more food for the
plants the soil contains, the more the acetic acid will evolve.
By defining the quantity of humidity still remaining in the samples of soil,
after drying in the air, we can, by comparison, perceive what sample will more
quickly dry up, and what retain humidity in its natural state, under similar cir-
cumstances. By ascertaining the loss in weight that the soil loses after glow-
ing, we can ascertain what kind contains the most humus.
To come to a right understanding of what kind of soil is the most valuable,
the most important step will be to define the quantities of soluble salts, humus,
humidity and clay; provided that location, kind of subsoil, water outlets,
sublets, degree of mellowness, tillage, &c., at the same time be taken into con-
sideration. Of the examined soil planted with madder we may compare those
of table III, in which the most important ingredients are taken at rather a
higher amount than it might be practically necessary.
In grounds well adapted to madder there is but a small quantity of sulphu-
ric acid and compounds of chlorine to be found. A large proportion being of
no use, meanwhile, the larger percentage of soluble salts is of great utility.
A large quantity of soluble salts is, indeed, greatly fertilizing, and mostly to
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244 ANNUAL REPOST ON FOEEIGN COMMERCE.
be fonnd in swampj groande. We find there, at once, more eulphniic acid,
chlorine, potash, and soda, which can be extracted by a little water, than in
other soils requiring acetic acid. No. 2, the clay ont of Bronwershaven is the
best madder soil of Zealand, and to be rated, together with the clay of the Per-
fincherpolder, the first in the list. Also, the fertile day of the Wilhelmina^
polder takes high rank and will be placed by analysis as No. 8, and the quan-
tity of sulphuric acid found is also eight. After all, the soluble salts are, as a
standard, to be considered the test of fertility. The fertile clay of Bronwers-
haven is the first in the list YI ; the quantity thereof, 0.25, is even seven
times greater than that of 4, 5, 6. The Perehoucherpolder contains phospho-
ric acid soluble in acetic acid 0. 048 more than the others.
The swamp earth contains so much of phosphoric acid and so little of oxides
of iron, together with much chalk, that we are right in supposing it to contain
much of phosphoric acid easily solved.
Also in the Wilhelminapolder the whole quantity of phosphoric acid is suf-
ficient to secure to it a good position.
Since in its carbonates, though met with in madder soils, is not indispensable
to good crops, chalk cannot always be found in the best madder lands unless we
take swamp earth, of which it is the main ingredient. So clay No. 2 is more
valuable, at least not less valuable than day No. 12, which contains more chalk,
except the old clay of the Breedewatering and Goeschenpolder. Chalk is es-
pecially found in young clay and sand ground.
Clay BoilB. Carbonic acid. Chalks.
Bronwershaven 3.45 4.76
Perpoucherpolder 5.09 7.03
Wilhelminapolder (VI) 2 7.26
Wilhelminapolder 2.65 3.44
Breedewatering, only single fragments of shells.
Goeschepolder, not effervescing with adds.
S'Gravenpolder 2.54 3.08
Bouwenpolder 1.84 2.26
Near Noordwelle 2.39 3.08
Near Swoskevke 1.47 2.00
Carbonate of lime being plentiful in new clay soil, decreases in older dry soil
of the same thickness, but is sure to be met with in lighter day soil mixed with
sand, as is everywhere to be fonnd on Schonwen.
Carbonate of lime in the npper loQ.
Bomenedepolder, sand soil, some pslmB thick Eveiywhere to be lound.
Between ^ooskerke and Noordwelle, on the road Not present.
Around Serooskerke, let sand claj, 8 palms thick To be found.
2d sand clay, thicker layers Very little at surface; at
0.5 more abundant.
3d sand clay, heavier at 8 palms, sandy «... Present, more deep.
Around Noordwelle, 1st clay, heavier and more than 1 yard thick. Present with fragments of
shells.
2d clay, lighter than 1 yard Present with more shells.
Dateof 3d sand clay Do. with still more shells.
endiklng.
1331. Goeschepolder, clay more than one yard thick Not present, being at 0.5
depth.
1370. Oosterlandpolder, sand clay, at 0.5 sand Do.
(a) Broad Watering, at Kurr Avendskerke, clay pretty
hea^ and tmck Not present.
(ft) Under Flooking, clay thick, 1.20 Do.
1561. Oude Faayert, thin layer sand clay Do.
1642. West Faayert, thin layer sand clay, 0.4 Do.
1676. Nieuwe West Fraagret, very thin layer sand day, 0.17 Do.
1808. Wilhelminapolder, heavy clay, sand clay, sea sand .^. Everywhere present.
1846. Perpoucherpolder, heavy clay, sea sand Do.
Kaarlemmermenpolder, (a) C lay light-colored Do.
(6 ) Mixed soil of moor clay and sand Not present.
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DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 245
As in the Breedewatering and Gonchenpolder good madder is produced,
it is evident that a greater quantity of carbonate of lime is not an indispensa-
Ue requirement.
Sand soils contain more of carbonate of lime than heavier clay grounds of
the aame age, without, therefore, being more fertile than the latter. These soils,
lioweTer, are, at large, less fertile than soils younger and richer in carbonate of
lime. Heavy clay soil of older date generally lacks carbonate of liqie, while
sand soil, mixed with clay especially, often shows fragments of shell tilled in
the top soil.
At fast we come to the conclusion that, for cultivating madder, carbonate of
lime is and may become a very useful quality of any soil, especially of real
daj ground, without, however, being indftpensable. We can easily find, in
chemically analyzing soils, analogous instances where different kinds of earths,
Hke chalk, magnesia/ clay, &c., seem to be alternately substitute for each
other.
AMOUNT OF HUMUS AND COLOR LOST BY GLOWING.
Next to a really good quality, it is apparent that a great amount of humus
and dark color is to be considered one of the predominant ingredients of good
madder ground. But for the remarkable instance of the fresh clay of Per-
foncherpolder being of light color, and showing, nevertheless, great loss of hu-
mns by burning, dark-colored soil, rich in humus, will be always coincident,
and proportionate one to the other ; and, further, dark garden soils being generally
the richest in nitric acid and ammonia, nitric acid (so exquisitely fertilizing
ingredients) will also be found proportionate to darkness of color.
80 there is more of nitric acia in No. 1 than in the lightest soil of No. 2.
No. 1 is 0.00985 per cent, (according to two concurrent computations.)
No. 2 is 0.00660 per cent, (according to same).
The light-colored clay holding sand soils, Fraazertpolders, are not so good
as those of Serooskerke, the latter being rich in humus.
On the Haarlemmermeerpolder, a black soil of moor mixed with sand and
clay, the most humus was found. For this reason we ought not to indulge in
special conclusions from the amount of clay and sand. GUy soil of otherwise
good composition is by its very nature more fertile than sand and seasoned
^ik; the former rendering, without manuring, richer crops with common
plants as well as of madder. But, as appears from the given tabular statement,
loadder grows well on those grounds, provided that other circumstances are fa-
vorable.
PHYSICAL CONDITION OF MADDER LANDS.
All soils examined have, from their high location, a good drainage, except
those of the Breedewatering, where the water is ' of medium level. Swamp
earth, while easily drained, has, by layers of pebble stones, an additional nat-
ural dnunage. The soils of Zealand, as far as they are sand soils, are pervious
to water, and are generally covered with a layer of clay earth some palms
thick ; their being still heavier and thicker and well drained, at the same time
constitute a very fertile soil, as in the Wilhelminapolder. On Schonwen
madder is only cultivated on grounds of higher location, the lower ones of the
^land are used for raising hay, and the farmers even of the higher regions hav-
ing their bay grounds in the lower parts.
Soils more or less stiff, underlaid with impervious strata, ought not to be cul-
tivated with madder.
We therefore conclude —
1. That the kind of soil requisite must be loose, open, and self-draining.
2. That the subsoil should not be stiff, and must do everywhere pervious to
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246 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
3. That the water level of the land muBt be such as to permit high ground
for cultivation.
The latter two points not being everywhere attainable, soils unfavorably lo-
cated must not be used for cultivating madder ; as to the first, there is usually
much care and industry to be used in this cultivation, by means of the ground's
being turned up by digging out the grown madder, generally, as far as six palms,
or l| to m feet ; then, before planting, deeply tilled and ploughed, thoroughly
rolled and harrowed, to a degree proportionate to the nature of the subsoil, m
order to obtain an excellent condition of the upper soil.
Such is the character of the soil of No. 11 ; for other purposes being
rich and fertile, yet by its stiffness and closeness by far less adapted to the
cultivation of madder. The same inay be said of the loose soils of the same
locality, a deficiency, however, that could be well removed by drainage and
better cultivation. #
A certain degree of humidity (series IX) is very useful, and will be mostly
found in soils containing humus and clay, especially in those containing both
these ingredients in moderate quantities, or of a deep humus layer, in diy
weather self-draining, and in wet imbibing humidity.
Such soils, mostly retaining humidity, are Nos. 2 and 12 in our table. The
other would be better if they contained larger quantities of humus and clay,
and were better adapted to holding water, provided they were well drained.
Generally the degree of humidity can be well ascertained on the spot. And
that soil will be the best which contains clay, many soluble salts, carbonate of
lime, much soluble phosphoric acid, much humus, and which lose by glowing
five, or at least four, per cent., retaining at the same time humidity in dry
weather, and being loose, open, and draining itself well. For this reason No.
2 is the best, then No. 12 ; No. 9 inferior to No 10, the former having far less
quantities of lime, magnesia, phosphoric acid, and loses less by burning, is not
well adapted for the three years* madder, but well calculated to produce the
two years' growth of 1,700 to 1,900 kilogrammes per hectare.
DIQUING AND MANURING MADDER LANDS IN CONNEXION WITH CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS AND FERTILITY.
Ploughing, digging, and tilling of madder lands, as well as the quantities of
stable manure they receive, aie very different in the different localities. The
influence of chemical compounds and physical condition of the soil in fertility
is difficult precisely to determine. It is, therefore, more expedient separately
to inquire into the influences of digging and manuring upon fertility.
On Schonwen, as well as on Zuid Beveland, the ground is deeply ploughed,
and more deeply the heavier the soils are.
Wilhelminapolder 0.25 to 0.30 yard.
Brommenedepolder 0.35
C (a) 0.6
Haarlemmermer, double ploughed and turned up < (b) 0.6
i (c) 0.35 to 0.40
In the Anna Parilonna island, where the ground being deeply ploughed,
gives excellent returns, while on Eyerland, where ploughing is shallo^v, the
madder is bad, short, woolly, and yielding but few sprouts. Hence deep dig-
ging and stirring up the ground to several palms will, in time, add a great deal
to its fertility.
Manuring. — On Schonwen, Zuid Beveland, and Haarlemmermer, the qua-ntity
of stable manure brought upon the ground ranges from 40 to 70 cart-loads per
hectare, generally used immediately before planting madder, which yields re-
turn in 7, 9, or 10, and in rare cases 14 years ; taking two or three years for the
Jigitized by V^jO'
I years :
DOMINIONS OP THE NETHERLANDS. 247
madder planted, and 4, 6, 7, following, during which time wheat, rye, barley'
peas, beans, potatoes, &c. are cultivated, and manuring repeated once or twice*
As to soil fit for madder without fertilization, there are clay grounds newly en-
diked giving two or three crops. Lighter soils being, after barley, used for
madder, must always have from 35 to 40 cart-loads of stable manure, but are,
even if well managed, never so fertile as heavy clay soil and those soils more
abundant in humus, or of a rich subsoil. The influence of manuring on fertility
may be seen in table IV, as far as it can approximately be defined. The
grounds of Schonwen, though greatly varying in richness of clay, humus, and
lime, are of great comparative value when equally well cultivated and managed,
while in Zuid Beveland a very different mode of manuring has been adopted ;
generally no manure has been applied immediately before planting, but at some
period during the following four or five years, so that the higher fertility of the
Boil of Schonwen, in proportion to that of Zuid Beveland, may well be ascribed
to the irregular mode of manuring and cultivating practiced in the latter.
WANTS OF MADDER LANDS IN CULTIVATION, AND SOILS BEST ADAPTED TO IT.
In order to arrive at a final conclusion of our inquiries, it will be expedient to
compare the chemical ingredients and madder roots with those of the soils used
for their cultivation. For that purpose we must hold that the ingredients consti-
tnting the plants must be found in the soil, water and air, and those ingredients
under the name of earth, iu the soil alone. Whether such kinds of earths, like
day, Ume and magnesia, may be substituted one for the other, cannot well be
determined : 1. Because the very chemical processes entered into in the foima-
tion of plants from soil are yet a scientific mystery; and, 2. Because in all of
these earths small particles of the others are found mixed in the natural state ;
and lastly, in all cases of cultivating plants, some ingredients, wanting in the
Boil, may be added by the manure. In this respect only such grounds as are
able without manuring produce one or two crops. Some light may be thrown
on the ultimate connexion between the chemical compounds of soil and the
nature of plants, but the chemical quality of soil and plants will be found to
correspond ; some of them, however, being considered the production of chemical
processes entered into and working in the soil itself during the period of growth.
In this view a very important ingredient of madder is lime ; as it is a consti-
tuent part of the ashes of the roots, its source is undoubtedly to be sought in
the soil. All good madder grounds contain it ; but not sand soils, if without
day or fragments of shells. This is, however, of no importance to the question,
for such lands will never be suitable to madder without manuring; ana by this
means some chalk may always be added to the soil. Besides, the scientific
piroofs given by Mr. Boussingault and Mr. Dechevain of the effects of lime upon
rich humus earth producing ammonia and nitric acid by chemical process and
making soluble phosphoric acid are not to be omitted.
As to the wants of the madder plants cultivated for the roots only and their
dyeing properties, it is.apparent that all conditions favorable to the development
of the main and side roots in width, as well as in depth, will also be favorable
to the general purposes of cultivation. All need feeding from the soil ; all
Btones impeding and restraining development of the roots must be carefully
removed, and care taken that the soil be deeply cultivated, be loose and rich iu
solnble salts, lime, phosphorus, ammonia, nitre, &c., to raise crops of 2,000 to
3,000 kilos per hectare. Whereas for grain manuring is often unnecessary or
even disadvantageous, especially on rich clay grounds, but for madder the richest
soils niay still be improved by manuring. To all grounds that do not contain
Hme, it must be added. The richest madder lands are those of the Netherlands
province of Groningen, and Alsace in France, having a good deal of lime or its
carbonate, the former thirteen per cent., the latter ten per cent.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
248
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COlfMEBCE.
The amount of aehes of madder-root is given hj the following figures :
Madder-root dried at 100^, examined by Dr. Fischlin 8.2
Avignon madder 8.1 — 8.3
Alsace madder « 6.3 — 6J5
Levant madder 9.8
Average 8 per cent.
At the average of 8 per cent., 2,000 kilos of madder contain 160 kilos of
ashes, and 3,000 kilos of roots 240 kilos of ashes.
Madder ashes, according to Dr. Olsardingen's analysis of 100
kilos.
I!
It
isi
I
CO
Potash
Lime
Magnesia
Phosphoric acid
Sulphuric acid..
25.42
15.84
O.ll
13.62
3.27
KUoB.
40.7
25.3
1.7
21.8
5.2
Kilo$.
61.0
38.0
2.6
32.0
7.8
KUeg.
80.7
50.6
3.4
43.6
10.4
The following analysis instituted by Mr. Fischlin and Dr. Oloanderen gives —
ALSACE MADDER.
Zealand
L
n.
madder.
Potash
29.35
15.89
34.54
3.72
1.10
5.26
4.71
3.60
L64
26.64
11.67
29.25
3.68
3.36
4.62
13.25
2.14
5.36
25.42
Soda
21.91
Lime .................... .... ..........................
18.84
Mafi^nesfa
0.11
Oxide of iron. ...... .... ...... ..........................
10.18
Phosphoric acid
13 €2
Chloncie of sodium ....r..,^. .... .^^.^....^..r^^^.T-^^-r-r
7.72
SulDhuric acid .................... ............ ..........
3.27
Siluricacid
10.87
Out of the figures of the ahove analyses, it is apparent that grain and other
plants may he raised on the ground as well as madder — the latter depriving
the soil of no more ingredients than the foriper — provided, however, that this
loPS to be sustained by the soil from madder is upon two and mostly three
years' growth, and is partly returned with the leaves, which are a useful manure.
VARIETIES OF MADDER.
Varieties in the scientific sense are not known in madder, the plant as such
and its parts seem to be the same in species everywhere, but varies in the roots
as to thickness, richness, in garancine or other dyeing ingredients. These differ
in commerce in terms like " schoves,'' prime and secondary crops, ombiD, little
ombro, gamenes, overstumped, mulls, roots, &c., designating thereby also ho^r
far the roots brought into market are more or less ground or otherwise worked
upon i then among farmers they are known by denominations, such as sweet
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DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 249
ones, eeedliDgs, WOhelmstadtape, (grown near WilhelmBtadt,) tough ones, &c.
For further information on this head we refer to the " Netherlandish Handels-
gazjn," translated in the appendix.
As to the relations of sou to the different varieties in the above sense, there is
one instance to be mentioned on' the authority of Mr. Trausen vander Putte.
The "tough" variety of madder wants a heavy clay; the Wilhelmstadters
and sweet ones a lighter ground. In this case all the four varieties will get the
most dye and the l^t kind of red color. Without such choice of soil there
will be no such success. This, of course, would tell, for natural varieties may
still be increased from different causes, climate as well as peculiarities of soil
being likely to produce other and new varieties in other regions where the culti-
vation may be conducted, and perchance natural ones may be discovered.
We should bear in mind that the process of the growing, apparently so simple
to an inexperienced eye, is as dependent on manifold agencies of soil, water, air,
sunlight, electricity, &c., as to make us distrustful of the results of our scien-
tific research, as rather the general features only of a subtile and richly com-
bined system of vital powers. The following will hold good for the most prac-
tical purposes of agriculture :
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF MADDBR LAND.
The ground must be loose, crumbly, soil, open, and for a considerable depth
free of pebbles, not having any stiff and impervious sub-soil ; the earth should
not be adhesive, sticking to the tools, ploughs, and harrows. It must have as good
a drainage bb not to permit the soil to be wet, but only humid; that humidity is
to be maintained, as grounds rich in humus possess it and clay grounds retain
it longer than sandy lands. The water-level in such grounds ought to be such
that uie beds are at least half an ell above the high tide. Care should also be
taken for due access of air as far as it can be gained by looseness and openness
of the soiL The soil must be rather warm, as la observed on grounds araining
themselves well, being black and rich with humus. The planting and sprouting
ground must be deep, so as to enable the roots to penetrate and absorb sap and
nourishment.
CHEMICAL COMPOUND.
A great deal of soluble salts (of which 0.8 per cent, can be extracted from
swamp earth by water) remains of water shells, hydratic silicates of zeolites.
A great deal of phosphoric atid, easilv soluble.
Manv salts of ammonia and nitric acid.
Mucn humus, (5 or 6 per cent or more,) giving the earth a darker color.
Lime and its carbonate are important as an agency, facilitating the chemical
operations in the soil.
A soil comprising all these qualities united mav give crops of 3,000 kilos
of madder to tne hectare every three years, provided that there is due manuring,
and will return the plant in seven years or less.
The turning over of old soils somewhat exhausted, as well as new ones of
tighter nature, will always be useful, especially when the subsoil is rich in
Blaster, clay, salt of commerce, and sea salt Thus blue gypsum clay in the
Netherlands is particularlv valued for that purpose.
Among the facts proved by experience and scientific examination are that the
differences of climate and ccimpounds of soil in different countries] will tend to
produce varieties of a certain plant, as well as give vigor or weakness of growth,
richness or lack of those qualities that are peculiarly sought for in this cultiva-
tion. All the inquiries made in our country can only furnish general rules and
naeftil hints as to the mode of culture, and choice of soil to be adopted in other
coiintries, and cannot excuse agriculturists and chemists of other countries
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
250 ANNUAL SEPORT ON FOBEIQN COMMERCE.
from investigations in their respective conntries. Among the general problems
to be solved are questions like the following :
1st. How far is lime a necessity, and how great is the quantity required ?
2d. How much salts of ammonia and nitric acid ought the soil to contain in
order to produce good crops ?
3d. What chemical compounds, or physical state of the soil, will especially
have influence upon the quantity as well as the quality of the dye ?
A proper co-operation in synthetical experiments upon growing plants and
analytic chemicid examination of samples of soils used for madder will produce
good results, peculiarly beneficial to the respective countries. I also call atten-
tion to the inquiry, what especial powers are to l)e found in a certain soil for
either fixing the bases, like potash, or solving like lime, soda, magnesia, or those
agents evolving ammonia and nitric acid by the aid of lime» &c» are objects well
worth being known.
SYNTHETICAL EXPERIMENTS.
In synthetical experiments the method generally adopted was to put the
plant to be experimented on in pure water, or in artificial ground loose and
porous, and by itself entirely sterile, and then add the different salts and earths
in quantities precisely weighed, in order to observe leaves, stems, and roots,
and how they grow, work, develop, and watch the absorption of the added ingre-
dients, and the production of new ones. Thus Mr. H. has found the following
necessary conditions of soil to produce the richest crops of madder :
1. Of soluble nourishment there must be a positive quantity in the ground
of v^ per cent.
2l The necessary soluble minerals must be present in equal proportions.
3. There must be soluble assimilating compounds of nitrogen present in the
soil.
The quantity of nitrogen in proportion to all other minerals in the soil must
be as ^ to 1.
For clover. — 1. The salts of lime must prevail over alkalies in the mineral
food of the plants.
2. Nitrogen must be offered in the form as compound of phosphoric acid and
sulphate of ammonia.
3. The mineral food added together must amount to one-quarter per cent, of the
general mass.
4. The proportion of nitrogen to be present in proportion to other minerak
must be as 1 to 5.
It will be evident at the first glance how useful a similar standard, obtained
by subtile scientific experiments, would be to the cultivation of madder ; but as
a singular fact developed in the above experiments, we may mention that they
failed always under the same conditions under which thev otherwise yielded
good crops, if lupines were sown together with barley or clover in the experi-
mental ground — an instance of striking significance of how subtile agencies
influence the growing plants, and must be taken into consideration.
But to adopt a plan of scientific inquiry in connexion with practical a^-
culture, the climate of the United States presents no obstacle (except in some
northern districts) to the cultivation of madder. First determine, by planting it
in different localities, what soils are best adapted to the purpose, and which will
make the richest dye and largest roots, and fittest for producing certain colors.
We do not doubt that on American soils, as in Bifferent European coantries*
there will appear peculiar varieties of madder. Then the precise chemical
analysis of the roots, as well as of the earths, and phvsical exploration of the
soil, atmosphere, electricity, &c., should follow, in order to come to an under-
standing of what chemical qualities of the roots have an affinity to certain loca
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DOMINIONS OP THE NETHERLANDS. 251
agencies of soil and climate and their initiate, in view of conclaBions thns ob-
tained, productive experiments, by planting and artificially feeding madder in
water and unfertile earth.
To improve the quality of the roots, or elevate uncertain varieties to fixed
ones, what Darwin would call " species," the principles of that scholar should
be followed, viz., select the single crops most successful in richness of dye, or
dye for certain colors. Select among these the most vigorous single plants or
roots, and use those only for seedlings, selecting among the offshoots of those
seedlings in the same way, besides keeping the soil in a rich and good state.
This process may be continued to the highest development of the plant, modi-
fied as to the different purposes aimed at to supply uie wants of the manufac-
turers.
CULTIVATION OF MADDER IN THE UNITED STATES.
In relation to cultivating madder in the United States, I am pleased to call
attention to the advantages of swamp ground and sea marsh — ^lands but scantily
and slowly settled firom their unfitness for crops of the first year. Those very
grounds we may consider the best adapted to madder, without manuring for
two or three years, and need to be tilled only in the spring. Intelligent and
enterprising farmers may go on reclaiming large tracts of such grounds, to be
met with in all, especially in the southern, States — South Carolina, Florida,
Louisiana, and the aistricts of the lower Mississippi valley.
One spring they can start the first cultivating process, then, in the ensuing
one, throw earth upon the beds ; and at last, after three, four, or ^ve years, dig
out the roots, and leave the ground during three or four years under the care of
persons well acclimated, that they may remain continuously on the spot. By
and by, those grounds would be redeemed for settlers, and climate improved by
the very cultivation, and then the raising of other products may follow;
madder thus playing the part of pioneer plant. The countries or districts where
madder has been especially cultivated, besides the Netherlands, are France,
Silesia, Greece, Smyrna, England, (unsuccessfully,) Spain, Palestine, Brunswick,
Hungary, northern Africa.
As to manu&u^turing garancine, the principal dye produced from madder,
valuable details are given in the appendix.
From what I could learn from personallv visiting garancine manufactories and
conversing with their managers, 1 think the germs or sprouts best to be used for
planting are those of Italy and the south of France, especially those from the
city of Avignon. It is a strange fact that wild plants, found abundantly in
some regions of the Caucasian mountains of the new Russian southern prov-
inces, are as valuable and rich in garancine as those improved by cultivation in
Italy and the south of France. The importance of garancine for dyeing linen,
wool, and cotton, especially in red and violet colors, is very remarkable for its
durability and indelibility, even with washing with soap in hot water. The
limits of chemical combinations in this respect are not yet closed ; and it will be
of great practical value to find out new modes of dyeing by new chemical com-
binations of garancine. As to economical manufacturing, an extra profit is
gained by using the " sugar " (resulting from the treatment of the root with
sulphuric acid and washing out in purifying the garancine) in distillation of
spirits. For that purpose, I saw a machine brought into coimexion with the
steam engine of the manufactory, working continually without much help from
manual labor, and saving the gauging by indicating regularly the specific proof
of the alcohol. At the purchase of roots the manufacturers have to take great
care, the real quantity of garancine showing a considerable difference in the
different crops of roots ; and a chemical examination of lots offered to them before
the purchase might save great loss.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
252 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Generally, the cultivation of madder, bb well as the manafactore of garancine,
are in Europe considered very profitable pursuits; the first hj making a good
use of claj soil, often unfit for other crops in the first year of the dealing, and
demanduig little labor.
The improbability of any other dye being substituted for garancine makes the
demand for this article permanent, and requiring generally a mild southern or
middle and humid climate, the most desirable for the cultivation of this root,
the improvement of which cannot fail to ensue when adapted to American soil
and climate.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHEBLANDS.
253
i
I
H
It
It
i
u
II
•3
I
I
1
1
t
I
I
1
I
h
'I
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(i§§§
III
eSdcSd
liil
dddd
§§§§
95ddd
§§
dd
do
dd
t^^dddd^osujd
G
r^dddcSr-Idoid
§ g
S§S§iil
;5 CS5SS
d ^c>i5<i
2S
olei
«'•«:
rddd dd cSdddd
ddddp^d
0> r^ 09 c5 vO
•^ddd dd ffSddddd ddcSdneicidd t^ c-'^r^
11
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254
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOBEIQN COMHESCE.
Statement shotoing the analysis of specimens of madder soil.
No. 8.
No. 9.
No. 10.
Ingredients soluble in mu-
riatic acid, boiling.
Wilhelminapolder.
Heavy clay.
Near Serooskerke.
Sandy ground.
Near Norwelle.
Sandy groand.
Chalk
3.44
1.29
2.65
0.128
0.21
5.6
4.
2.
0.68
1.47
0.077
0.1
3.08
2.8
3.08
Magnesia ^ ^ .. ............
1.
Carbonic acid. •...••......
2.39
Sulphuric acid ............
0.09
Phosphoric acid. ..........
0.15
Loss by glowing. ..........
3.8
Humidity
3.5
Statement showing the analyses of specimens of madder soils.
Place of origin.
Kind of SOU.
1
Salts soluble in acetic
acid after separating
carbonic acid.
1
Phosphoric acid sol-
uble in acetic.
Phosphoric acid in
total.
o
-5)
1*^
1
1
No. 1. Paludal earth
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
No. 2. Near Brauwershaven
Clay
1
1
1
No. 12. Perpoucherpolder
No. 8. Wilhelminapolder
Clay
Heavy clay.
2
3
1
2
4
3
3
3
1
2
1
1
•
•
No. 10. Near Nordwelle
Sand soil...
3
4
....
4
4
2
3
No. 4. S'Gravenpolder
...do
4
3
4
4
....
4
4
4
No. 5. Bommenedepolder
...do (light)
Sea sand...
4
4
5
5
....
6
4
5
No. 3. Wilhelminapolder
No. 9. Near Serooskerke
5
3
3
4
6
6
5
5
Sandy soil..
5 or 6
6
....
5
5
3
3
No. 6. Breedewatering
Clay
• 2
3
7
4
3
3
2
Notes. — Paludal earth, aeasoned, and sand soilg the moii open.
The clay of the Breedewatering is the least open.
The heavy day loosened by drainage and tillage.
* Reddish.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERtANDS.
255
.3
-5^
O
•S
Sa
Digitized by V^OOQ I
^e
256 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COKUEROE.
[Translation of an extract from the Netherlandisli Handehnagazine. Aitide Erap.]
In English, madder ; in French, garance ; in Italian, robbia ; in Spanifih, granga ;
the whole, or dried root, that comes from the Levant, as well as from Avignon,
in South France, is called in commerce alizari and lizari, to distinguish them from
grance, or meekrapp, the ground madder. The ends of roots of madder {lying
horizontially in the earth ) bend naturally on a curve as far as the surface,
where the green, herbaceous, four-edged stems, that used to lie down in their
weakness, spring up of themselves; they gather no nourishment from the
soil, in no portion of which will the green plant be found to grow. The middle
stock of the madder-root, usually not thicker than a quill, rarelj exceeds the
size of the little finger, and is knotty and articulate ; externally covered with
a reddish-brown skin, under which lies the fleshy, dark-yellow parts of the root«
(called sometimes "schoras,") including the wood-like pith, always of a pale
color. It tastes bitter, some whatastringent, when chewed; coloring the spittle
red, and even th^ milk, hair, and bones of animals fed on it. This is a known
quality also of the roots of the real "walstroo," though in lighter shades ; the roots
of madder lasting through several years, and shooting up a new stem every year,
which grows three to four feet, rough, and bearing lancet-shaped leaves, usually
sixtogether at a point, on the ends of which are the blossoms, with a four or five
toothed calix, and a similar crown of yellow-greenish color. The fruit is double,
blackish, with a smooth, glossy berry. Tjbe whole plant {mhia tinctorum) b^
longs to the first order of the fourth class of Linnseus.
« COUNTRIES PRODUCING MADDER.
Madder grows wild, especially in southern Europe, on fences, &;c., also in
Leon and Old Castile, in Spain, and near Montbelaird, Avignon, and in Alsace*
particularly in the environs of Muhlhausen, Hagenaw, and in Normandy, in
France ; also near Hassell, in Belgium ; in Italy and Turkey it is especially
cultivated ; on the island of Schonwen, in Lienburg, and many other places
in the Netherlands ; in Baden, Wurtembei^, Bavaria, Styria, Garinthia, Mora-
via, Bohemia, Silesia, Brandenburg, the Prussian provinces. Saxony, Bruns-
wick, Electorate Hessia, Hungary, of the German and Austrian states ; also
in the Turkish countries of Boeotia and Thessalia, and on the Greek islands
of the Levant ; on the Caucasus and on the Asiatic slope in Russia.
The cultivation of madder is managed in a very different way in different
countries; and in northern countries it requires much care and knowledge. In
southern countries it is raised from seed, but in northern ones frx>m seedlings,
(4|prouts.) The latter are found in beds of spring plantations, horn, which tbey
are taken from the commencement to the middle of May, and transplanted into
beds newly prepared. These beds may be laid out in good sandy soils, as well
as in rich ones ; the latter having received twice as much manure as when des-
tined for wheat, and been ploughed over since the autumn three times, the last
time to the depth of fifteen to eighteen inches. As in spring, the beds are again
turned up in the fall, by a double standing fork, with prongs of three inches
in breadth. Then the first row of roots is laid out, not further than a finger's
breadth apart, for a distance of ten or twelve feet, leaving a space of fr-om
fourteen to eighteen inches between the rows. In dry weather, water made rich
ought to be poured on the beds, to enable the fibres of the root to take imme-
diately in the ground. From four to six weeks afterwards the stalks, grown
from six to eight inches high, are put under the gix)und so as to leave not more
than from two to three inches of the tops free and visible, and the beds covered
with one to one and a half inch of earth. In winter, if not severe, there is
no need of labor except covering the beds with long manure straw. In Feb-
ruary or March, before revival of vegetation, the beds are again carefully covered
over with earth taken from the intervals between the rows, while the roots of
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. ^57
all peFeniiial graesee should be removed. This mode of cultivating seems gener-
allj to be in vogue.
DRYING THE ROOTS.
This is done in stoves, in order to remove as much as possible the humidity.
For the first stamping and drjing of 200 pounds, the expenses are estimated at ten
francs; and to reduce 1,000 pounds of gi-een roots into 200 pounds of dry ones,
the labor of one hand only is required, and the use of a white-oak wood fire.
Generally there are from 500 to 550 pounds of green roots contained in 10&
pounds of dry. Thus dryed they are taken by the producer to the manufacturer
in November or December. In the year 1835, the product of 35 kilos brought
40 to 48 francs.
Madder is brought to market cither in the roots whole, or ground. The
grmding is done in a particular kind of mills. Ground madder smells strongly ; .
has a sajSron-Iike appearance, most like the roots ; when rubbed on paper gently,
adheres and leaves a fine light spot if of good quality.
100 pounds of dried roots yields 83 to 84 pounds of ground madder, FF. ;
3 to 4 pounds of middling; 5 to 6 pounds of mullen (crumbs;) and 6 per
cent, evaporated in working. The wages for grinding and expense of packing
amount, on an average, to 3 or 4 francs for 50 kilos.
The different kinds are, Levantine madder, called also Smyrna or Turkish',
which is brought to market only in whole roots. It is richest in its dye ; a fact
attributable to the roots not being taken out until five or six years df age. Af-
rican madder is equal to the Levantine madder, and comes via Tripoli to Europe.
The Netherland madder is sent to market only in a ground state, and is highly
esteemed for its quality and excellent preparation. The secondary kinds of it are —
1. The " onberoofde" (fine trap) is the pith of the root.
2. The " gemeene" is the skin or bark around the pith.
3. The " onberoofde*' is the whole root stamped together.
4. "Twee and een," two-thirds fine and one-third common mixed.
5. " Een and een," half fine, half common mixed.
6. •* Mullen" is the refuse or trash.
7. " Overgestampte mullen" is the same as the latter, but stamped a second
8. " Stoofvaageel" is the dirt that is swept together in the drying stove, and
added to the mill madder or sold sepai*ately.
9. " Molenvaagsel" is the refuse of madder put up in barrels and sold se]^^
rately. The English denominations of the Dutch secondary qualities are only
mutilations of Dutch names. By an instruction of 1813, the oarrels shall not
be of pine, but of oak wood, on account of the less porosity of the latter.
In 100 pounds of fine madder there roust not be more than two pounds of
dirt or rubbish, and in 100 pounds of ombro not more than twelve pounds.
The marking of barrels is according to the instruction of 1808, viz : K, ongepelde ;
OJ, twee and een ; \ O, een en een.
Madder of Avignon they call in France alizari, if in whole root«, and *' garance "
if grounds The roots are distinguished as new ones, or madder of this year,
and old ones, or madder of a previous year. There, as well as in Alsace, the
roots are taken out of the ground in the third year ; and in the latter prov-
ince, even in the second year, on account of the deamess of the land, although it
is an undeniable fact that it is the long period during which the madder in the
Levant ia growing in the soil that the roots there contain such richness of dye.
On the ground the madder has the same marking as in Alsace ; in Avignon, is
rather a refinement in assorting. Thus they have, for instance, extra B. 8. 8.,
F. F. F., ice. Extra fine is the ground pith, which, owing to the lighter, agreea-
ble color, has an attractive appearance among buyers, bjit it is ^ j^m^^s
17 CR • '""'/ ^
29tt ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
equal in ricfanesB of dye to the substance surrounding the pith, which is pre-
ferred bj the dyers. In Avignon they distinguish " S. F. veritable " from ** S.
F." The first is madder stripped of the outer skin, or coating, and adhering
earth, before coming into the mills, the latter without so doing ; from which arises
a difference in weight of from five to six pounds. Madder only stamped they
call " garancine en paille," and mill madder is all such as is gathered up from
threshing " billon " For the interior of France, even the finest kind of ground
madder is called " garance grappe-engrappe." The varieties thus follow one
another : •
S. F. F., S. F., F. F., M. F., M. C, C. F., 0. F., 0.
The Alsace madder, in its secondaiy qualities, like that of the Netherlander
exhibits more steadiness than that of Avignon, thus giving consumers greater
certainty in purchasing, and for this reason is in good demand in the market,
although the Avignon is thus far considered superior.
There are five sorts in the market. The prices were, in 1856, for S. S. F.,
82 francs ; S. F., extra fine, 72 francs ; T. F., fine fleur, 64 francs ; M. F.,
molenn fleur, 56 francs ; O., ordin on mull, 10 francs, for 50 kilos fat Stras-
burg.
In the rise or decline of prices, kinds remain proportionate. From its high
Srice, S. S. F. is rarely in demand, and usually furnished on special orders ; for
yeing silk and fine India products, F. F. is mostly in demand. There was
formerly another quality — C. F. — ^following up M. F. in value, but is now no
more in mtrkct.
Of Spanish madder, the stocks of secondary are, "fine," " extra fine," and
** common," cultivated near Segovia, and called '' growza benefiziada."
Of German madder, the Silesiafi, in market since 1705, is more finely
ground, but not so rich in dye as the Dutch. The roots are dug in the spring
or in autumn. The baiTcls or sacks with " Sommerroethe " are marked with a
crown, the year of its being put up, *nd the letters W. T. This is estimated
higher than the " Herbcstroethe," because its roots are more free of fibres and
earth. Of the Herbcstroethe, 'the first quality is marked with a crown, the
year, and the letter W. ; the other, with the letters 0. E. or M. Defective, or
Sommerroethe, mixed with a small quantity of Herbcstroethe, is distinguished
by the year and W., without a crown. The same way defective Herbcstroethe
is distinguished by the letters W. C. Sommerroethe, mixed with a quantity of
Herbcstroethe, of at least four pounds, is marked with a standing cross and the
yumber of the year. The other sorts are generally consumed in the region of
production.
USES OF MADDER.
Madder is mostly used for producing the Turkish red on cotton. This dye
*was invented in the ^ast Indies ; thence it came across the Levant and Euro-
pean Turkey to Marseilles, where madder root was first made use of; and from
thence it spread all over Europe.
The peculiarity of this dye is its rendering different shades of red color,
such as rose, violet, brown, and dark red. Twenty-five years ago M. Grovin,
^t Paris, succeeded in adapting madder to dying wool ; and since that time the
most opposite shades of red, violet, brown, and black have been produced on
wool. The finer sorts give brown color. Besides these, there is a kind of var-
nish prepared from madder.
Of the different parts of the root the flesh is richest, returning thrice as much
as the skin. The main colors of the root are thus defined : red, purple red,
yellow.
The Society of Industry of Muhlhausen first discovered the cause of Avignon
madder excelling that of Alsace, notwithstanding the most careful cultivation.
It was the presence of carbonate of lime in the Avignon madder that was not
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. ^59
found in tliat of Alsace. Experiments of cultivation made in Abace, by aid of
earth from Avignon, or with mixtures of the soil with chalk, according to scien-
tific conclusions, lead to a decisive result in favor of the Avignon article, and to
improved cultivation of madder in that particular.
Ground madder, by exposure to the air, becomes darker, and for that reason
is most firmly packed in the casks to avoid excess of air ; besides, it undergoes
fermentation by absorbing humidity from the atmosphere, and in six months
will increase ^ve to six per cent, in weight. Bat this fermentation in no way
damages the dye, but, on the contrary, improves it ; and this self-improvement
may continue through three or four years, but afterwards it decreases in value.
Adulterations of madder, by mixing it with red minerals, as ochre, red sand,
Sec., are detected by mixing it with water, when the mineral parts sink ; and if
it is suspected that there is a mixture with the bark of the fir tree, it will be
detected by the application of sulphate of iron (evaporated in free air to one-
fourth of its original weight) with the madder in water, which will give the
water a blackish color. Such frauds, however, cannot be practiced, except in
very finely-ground madder, without being easily detected by the eye.
Amstkrdam — J. E. Marx, Consul.
January 18, i8§5.
* * * Trade between this port and the United States continues stagnant.
There was but one Dutch bark that sailed direct to the United Slates during
the quarter ended December 31, 1864, and but one American vessel has cleared
from this port. She went, in ballast, to Cardiff.
Among the arrivals were three American vessels, all from Bassein, with rice,
and none from the United States direct, whence all imports come in neutral
vessels. They were from Baltimore. Their cargoes consisted of 1,480 hogs-
heads of tobacco, 5,000 staves, 26 barrels of beef. , From New York, 54 hogs-
heads and 32 boxes of tobacco, 2,060 boxes of extract of logwood, 169 pieces of
wood, some staves, 14Q bales of pimento, and 6 boxes of oil. * * *
As I stated in a former despatch, much trouble and costs arise to large ves-
sels destined to this port, from the fact of the connexion of Amsterdam with the
open sea being through a long canal not fit for their passage. The result has
been that this city lost more and more its prestige as the emporium of the trade
of the kingdom. To remedy this evil the plan was adopted of building another
canal capable of passing the largest class of vessels, and running direct to th£
Bethsea, cutting shr)rt the distance from sixty-four to twelve miles. The con-
struction of this canal has been agitated for years without results, until very
recently, as there were many obstacles to overcome. The work will now be
constructed by a private company, at the estimated cost of 28,000,000 guilders.
It is to be commenced early this spring, and to be completed in seven years.
The minister of the interior also proposes the annexation of the islands of
Ameland, Tershalling, &c., to the main land by filling up the fords between
them, and to complete the drainage of the Zider sea, which has a depth of from
eight to sixteen feet of water.
There has been added another light-house to those situated on the island of
Texel, which is to be lighted next November.
Ju\E 27, 1865.
I have the honor herewith to submit to the department a statement contain-
ing the number, tonnage, and nationality of the vessels arrived within and cleared
from this port during the year 1864, also a statement of imports and exports for
the Netherlands and Amsterdam during the same period. For the first I am
under obligations to the collector of customs at this port ; the second is from
the annual report of the board of trade, navigation, and industry for the year
1854, published but lately. From the same source I learned also and commu*
260 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
nicate the followiDg facts in respect to the commerce and navigation of this place,
especially as far as they relate to its intercoose with the United States.
In general, the result of the last year's business cannot be called a favorable
one. The political events of the year early disturbed the regular course of com-
merce and navigation, impeding also their extension. The financial complica-
tions which caused the crisis in the second part of the year made themselves
also felt here, and brought about many losses. Hereto is to be added the con-
tinuance of the war in the United States, whereby one of the most important
markets of this country was kept closed. * * . * •
The war between Denmark and Germany also interrupted the navigation of
Amsterdam in the Baltic and its important trade with some of the northern
countries of Europe. The credit crisis occasioned in Europe, especially to the
extraordinary demand of capital for the establishment of numerous credit institu-
tions and corporations, exercised less influence here than at other places,
showing the solid foundation of the commerce of Amsterdam. No such corporation
was formed here on a large scale during the past year, but several smaller ones,
as is the case every year. The condition in this respect was, therefore, a normal
one. Much good for the trade is expected to arise from new laws now in con-
templation concerning the registration and stamp duties in this country, but
still more for all sources of the national welfare is expected from the revised
license law and the abrogation of all municipal excise duties.
To promote international commercial relations divers ti'eaties were concluded
and others prepared. Among them are postal conventions with England, Bel-
gium, France, and Switzerland. Much opposition arose against the conditions of
the preliminary agreement regarding the international regulation of the duties on
sugar, as resolved upon by the representations of the governments of France,
England, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It is asserted that the fundamental
principle of it, i. e,, the taxation of crude sugar, according to the color, is wrong,
unreliable, and disadvantageous to the refiners of this country as well as to the
government.
A commercial treaty with France is considered a necessity, and there is one
prepared, but it cannot be concluded until the legislature of this country has
enacted the changes in the excise laws already executed between France and
other European countries ; these occupy a more advantageous ground in the
French markets than the Netherlands, making the competition of the latter more
difficult than ever.
The Netherlands being more of a trading than a manufacturing country, they
favor free trade, and a majority of the people wish the government to conclude
treaties whenever practicable to break down the barriers as yet obstructing
the entire freedom of commerce between the different nations.
In respect to the influence exerted by the war in the United States upon the
commerce of this country, the report says : For nearly four years the North
American civil war has exercised its disturbing influence upon our commerce.
The import of staple products in Europe was thereby much reduced, especially
that of cotton and tobacco, and the export of fabrics and manufactured goods,
wherewith Europe extensively provided America, was mostly stopped. Well,
it may be said that the communities got somewhat accustomed to this war ; that
they tried to supply their wants from other sources, and to sell their surplus pro-
duction to them, but these efforts were only partially successful. New producing
countries and new buyers have neither the power to produce, nor the wants of a
refined life, to such an extent as to be enabled t6 fill the place of North America
and its civilized people. And yet the searching for new producing countries had
in view only one of the mauy costly articles America was used to supply us with —
cotton. This staple was most imported from the United States, because their
qualities were generally preferred.
As to tobacco, there were already formerly several kinds imported from other
countries which could compete with the United States.
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 261
Bat even iu products greatly depressed by the American war trade exhibited a
comparatively good condition at the commencement of the year. The demand
for consumption was more animated, the supply well proportioned, and a greater
willingness for enterprises in general exhibited.
Since June, 1861, the prices of cotton were rising steadily until August, 1864,
when they commenced to decline on account of the expectation that General
KcGlellan, on a peace platform would be elected President of the United States.
This hope being frustrated, they went up again, but not as high as they were
before, in consequence of the high rate of discount and the increased supply,
which since 1862 was never as large, while the cultivation in India was extend-
ing steadily.
The Netherlands Trading Society held one auction, the first since 1862, at
which the Dutch East India cotton brought the lowest prices, whilst Japan, of
which there was a limited supply, was more in demand ; also of Surinam, was
but little in the market. The sales were mostly East Indian and North Ameri-
can, the latter principally imported indirectly.
The trade in American tobacco was very animated. Good qualities, especially
from former importations, were much in demand. The great fluctuations in the
prices were caused only by the rise or fall of the price of gold in the United
States. The prices of Maryland and Kentucky were very high. The latter was
used instead of Virginia, of which there was no supply. Tobacco is also
imported from Porto Rico, Havana, Brazil, Manila, and Java. That from the
latter takes the lead in this market. There is also much tobacco grown in the
country, for which there is always a good demand at remunerating prices.
The wool trade of this country also felt the influence of our war, as the
United States were one of the principal consumers of its woollen fabrics ; and
notwithstanding the manufacturers searched for and gained some new customers,
they could not win back for their trade the flourishing state it had attained
before the war.
Of American rosin there was none in the market ; and as no fresh importations
could be expected, the market was supplied from France, which was also the
case with, turpentine. Demand from America partially caused a rise in the
prices of spices ; still another and more prevalent reason was the conclusion of
the government to abolish the monopoly in spices on the Molucca islands, in
consequence whereof less cultivation and smaller crops are now expected.
Carolina rice has not been imported since 1861; there is none in market.
The prices of other qualities were low. The abundant crops of cerfeals in 1862
and 1863 and the increasing exports from America brought down the prices of
these staples to the standard of 1844 and 1845 ; but as the crop of 1864 was
a short one, a rise is expected. The importation of wheat flour from the United
States decreased from 10,947 barrels in 1863 to 2,781 in 1864. Rye and wheat
were not at all imported direct.
The crop of oil seeds was but one-fifth of that of former years iu Holland,
and not much better elsewhere. Therefore, a considerable rise would have been
experienced in the prices of vegetable oils had it not been for* the use of pe-
troleum, which is extending more and more. The imports of this article
amounted to 15,000 barrels, all refined, and for inland consumption, but only
6,500 barrels were imported direct from the United States.
The trade in American lard was very animated, and brought good prices ;
the imports were 2,500 barrels. 107 barrels of American tallow were imported
in 1864 against 107 barrels in 1863; 300 barrels of pearlashes were imported
in 1864 from the United States; 681 tons of lumber were imported from the
United States, besides some considerable quantities of finished and unfinished
white ash oars and staves. The demand for these latter articles was but limited.
The same reasons which retarded the movements of commerce also impeded
those of navigation ; and to find a like unfavorable season for comparison, it
^ JigitizedbyVSOOgie
262 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
would be necessary to go back as far as 1856. For the last three years arrived
here in —
1862 1,725 Vessels, measuring 411,397 tons.
1863 1,688 " " 394,513 "
1864 1,675 " " 384,709 "
While the number of clearances amounted to, in —
1862 1,912 vessels, measuring 438,832 tons.
1863 1,823 »* " 394,513 "
1864 1,717 " " 387,285 "
The decrease is altogether in foreign vessels, as the arrivals and departures
under the national flag have increased.
This result is mainly due to the Danish war, and the warlike situation of
several European powers during its continuation. The reason why the depart-
ures always outnumber the arrivals is to be found in the fact that many vessels
are freighted here to discharge their cargoes in other Dutch ports.
The merchant marine of Amsterdam has increased last year with 17 vessels,
measuring 4,650 tons ; fifteen of them, with an average tonnage of 4,226, were
newly built here, while three Dutch vessels, of 1,696 tons, changed their nation-
ality, and 17, of 3,964 tons, were lost. A fact worthy of attention is, that steamerft
will, ere long, take the place of sailing vessels for short voyages ; and that, while
they number but one-sixth of the whole fleet, their tonnage amounts to one-fourth
thereof. Another fact is, that American vessels, although fifteenth in numerical
order of arrivals, are the seventh in respect to tonnage.
As much as war and other temporary and local circumstances might have to
do with the stagnation in trade and navigation of this city, still more is due to
the decrease of that great commercial energy which was the source and founda-
tion of Amsterdam's wealth. This is evident from the fact that so many products
of foreign countries consumed here are imported indirect from England and
other sources in small quantities. Capital, in place of being invested in ships
and mercantile enterprises, is now mostly employed in speculations in stocks.
Amsterdam has almost wholly changed its position as a commercial emporium
for that of a financial one. Thus is explained its present importance to the
United States.
However great or small our commerce with this city formerly was, it now
nearly sinks into insignificance compared with the transactions in American
stocks since f863. By degrees United States bonds displaced and took pre-
cedence of Austrian securities. The importation of them during the firat six
months of 1864 was enormous, and it seemed as if the demand could not be sat-
isfied. The premium on gold at New York then being comparatively low, and
the fluctuations less than some time afterwards, the difference between the highest
and lowest quotations for six per cent, five-twenties did not amount to more
than five per cent, during the first three months. But in April the prices went
down rapidly under the influence of the continuing unfavorable reports and
quotations from New York and the new Russian loan, which also more or less
attracted the attention of capitalists. In May there was a revival, but in June,
July, and August the decline was very great. From 68 per cent, in January,
and also 60 per cent, in June, they declined to about 38 per cent, in August.
In addition to the continued unfavorable reports from the United States, received
by every steamer, the extensive sales of these bonds then being made had the
effect of continuing the decline. So far the public had been constantly pur-
chasing, and the decline incretfsed the demand ; but now the day came when
weak holders had to realize. Many more or less forced sales took place at this
most unfortunate juncture; other holders became alarmed, and made the situation
still worse by voluntary sales, so that great losses were sustained during a short
period: Meanwhile the prices had reached such a low figure under the influ-
Digitizedby•^^OOgle
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 26b
ence of these local sales that imports from New York could only be realized*
with loss, so that they were stopped, and not resumed in their former proportion^
The demand soon revived, and prices again rose, based on the hope of the
nomination of General McGlellan. This hope having been blasted by the re-
election of Mr. Lincoln, the advance gained was notwithstanding maintained
under the influence of better news from the seat of war and the improvement
of oar carrency. Under the continued fluctuations the quotations of the six
per cent, five-twenties was 46 per cent, at the end of the year.
The prices of the bonds and shares of the Illinois railroad generally followed
those of the United States bonds, with some exceptions, under peculiar circum-
stances. The conversion offered for a part of the seven per cent, bonds into
six per cent., with an advance in New York first of 15 per cent., and later only
of 10 per cent., made no favorable impression; but when the advice was received
in September that the company had resolved to redeem three millions of the
loan on the first of October, commencing with the first number, many people
got out of humor. It was admitted that the company had to redeem to the
amount realized from lands sold, and that they had a right to do it, (always at
1^ per cent.;) but the bondholders thought themselves iujuied by this redemp-
tion at such an unfavorable rate of exchange, and considered their property
exposed at any time to adverse chances. This led to many sales and exchanges
for American stocks, and a partially continued decline of six per cent, in com-
parison with the United States six per cent, five-twenties.
The shares of the Illinois railroad, on the contrary, r^sc considerably; being
equal with the bonds at the commencement of the year, they closed at from four
per cent, to five per cent, higher at its close. On the receipt <jf the news of the
redemption the difference amounted from three per cent, to ten per cent. The
trade in both kinds was throughout the year active, especially in shares.
Much business was. also done in 7 per cent, bonds of the Atlantic and Great
Western railroad, O., In.
Of other North American stocks, there is not much to report, as the transac-
tions were litnited.
Next to United States government stocks, the so-called confederate 8 per cent,
loan played a prominent part in this market. The sales commenced here in
1863, and were increasing most of the time, but holders did not realize on them
much profit, as they declined from 28 per cent, to 6 per cent, with scarcely a
temporary rise, (the lowest quotation was 2 per cent, to which six months' in-
terest at 8 per cent, per annum was to be added.)
Since the breaking down of the rebellion these bonds fell to $25 to $40 per
SI, 000, including interest due.
It is said that the speculation in these bonds was so extended that the losses
incurred by them by the late events in the United States were scarcely covered
by the profits made on the United States stocks.
As far as I am able to judge, the people here, in general, were not guided by
sympathies for one or the other side in buying their stocks, but acted solely
from speculative motives. The confederate stock being so low that it took but
a small investment to promise large profits, many people of small means were
induced to buy them, and they suffer a great deal more than any one else. That
these bonds are not yet thrown out of the market, but constantly bought and
sold, notwithstanding the confederacy being conquered, is due to the belief that
at some future time the States which constituted the confederacy will pay the
confederate debt in whole or in part — a view nourished by interested stock-
jobbers, and demonstrating the great ignorance of our affairs on the part of those
who entertain it.
Believing that these bonds will soon disappear forever with the last traces of
the rebellion, and wishing an early revival of trade and navigation between the
United States and this wealthy city, to the benefit of all concerned.
Digitized by V^OOQIC
264
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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Statement shewing the nationality, numbexL and tonnage of vessels arrived at
and departed from Amsterda7n during the year 1§64.
With
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
Nationality.
cargo.
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In ballast.
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14
6
4
2
5
16
1
222,788
52,856
3,888
552
3,089
5,304
63,733
5,895
2,342
7,415
1,302
1,173
2,659
1,665
633
975
3,526
556
257
7
2
1,354
559
735
169
177,344
44,160
226
:w
2
1
9
6
913
32,769
12,045
2,502
102
United States...
French
4
4
:J65
1,865
2,362
11,043
Russian
2,584
2,533
62,973
3,563
996
Swedish
12
Norwegian
Danish
64
29
8
93
1
4
2
5
1,782 S-j;
German:
Pmssian ....
2,353
4,661
562
383
1,666
2,022
4
25
6
5
1
2
1
2
12
1
1
Hanoverian . .
Mecklenburg .
Oldenburg . . .
Hanse Towns:
Bremen ....
1
18
1,712
2,006
634
467
Hamburg
LiUbeck
1
566
597
442
Spanish
Italian
2
5
333
974
422
2,760
Belgian
Brazilian. ......
556
231
Venezuelan .
1
170
1
165
Total
1,706
385,608
12
2,667 1,138
252,040
590
129,896
September 30, 1865.
The entire trade between Amsterdam and the United States, as far as it went
direct, was again caiTied on for the last twelve months by Dutch or other foreign
vessels, no American ship having arrived here daring this period, except three
from India ; but as such cannot obtain outward cargoes, and the expenses of
the harbor are very high, shipmasters dislike coming here. If the Americans
would take the first steps and risks, the commerce between this port and the
United States could be revived ; many new articles of American production might
be introduced, and the sale of others increased. This people is generally very
cautious in accepting innovations.
The agricultural and commercial interests of this country received a heavy
blow, about two months ago, by the appearance of the "cattle plague," said to
said to have been introduced from England by some imported oxen.
To arrest the expansion of this disease, the trade in cattle, fresh meat, hides,
manure, &c., has been restricted in most communities, and the transport, if not
wholly interdicted, put under very stringent control. As yet, there is nothing
certainly known about causes, prevention or cure, notwithstanding the mopt
prominent veterinarians have made this formidable epidemic their study.
The harvest this year is said to yield a fair average, as the weather, very un-
favorable during the early summer, has changed in time for the late crops.
December 7, 1S65.
In addition to my report of September 30, 1865, upon the commerce between tlila
country and the United States, 1 herewith submit a special report of the trade be-
tween this city and the United States from October 1. 1864, to September 30. 1665.
Digitized by ^OOQ Ic
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS
267
The statements in regard to the oa^ports I took from the daplicate invoices on
file at this office. For Uie imports T had to rely on the public prints, which con-
tain only the quantity ; I was therefore unable to ascertain their value. As, how-
ever, a small part of the imports came via Rotterdam, they will probably appear
also among the imports of that city. Since August last the exports rose con-
siderably, and in the month #f October alone amounted to over 300,000 florins^
two-thirds thereof being Java coffee; while there is as yet no perceptible increase
of the imports from the United States, notwithstanding most of our staples may
find here as ready a market as in Rotterdam or Antwerp. All that is needed
are some energetic, enterprising business men to take the matter in their hands.
Late reports from New York have checked, however, the exports, as they
created fears of overstocking the markets. In relation to the importation of bristles^
the minister of finances has decided that, when entirely raw, so-called **Zwijns-
walle," or washed only, and put in bundles, they can be imported free of duty ;
but when worked up in any other way they shall be classed with " manufac-
tured hair,'' and pay the same duty as those.
Statement shatoing the description, quantity, and value of the exports from the
port of Amsterdam to the United States during the year ended September
30, 1865.
Description.
Anchovies boxes.
Do ankers.
Books boxes.
Cheese...
Chicooiy.
Cigars.
-do.
asks
.boxes.
Cinnamon rolls.
Coffee bags.
Cordage bundles.
CordifUs boxes.
Gin V do..
Do casks.
Gnm demar boxes.
Herring kegs.
liadder, Dutch casKs.
Nutmeg do. .
Oil, cajeput do. .
cod liver do. .
Haarlem cases.
Do boxes.
Paintings do .
Kpe clay casks.
Ratan bundles.
Rice bacrs.
Seed, canary. . . : casks .
Do bags .
caraway do. .
flower and bulbs boxes.
Silk, manufactured do. .
Snccades do. .
Sugar, refined casks.
Sundries packages.
Do boxes.
Steel , pounds.
Tin slabs .
Vanilla boxes.
Wine casks.
Do boxes.
Wool, (Buenos Ayres) *. '. . bales.
Total value in florins.
Quantity.
15 >
150 J
8
435
120
3
199
800
12
106
1,000 >
145 <
320
7,625
410
94
. 2
3
240 {
1
125
6,237
450
101 \
120$
445
46
7
40
100
2
6
2:^,040
2,600
1
3
423
19
Value in Dutch
currency.
Florins,
2,530
1,695
7,230
3,140
631
19,629
. 44,071
' 735
3,244
13,978
9,975
17,115
105,858
29,30.3
14*
407
6,030
1,311
2,743
13,047
6,013
4,558
7,210
5,820
12,570
7,963
11,188
570
5,117
93,229
2,307
2,348
6,686
448,396
Jigitized by V^^^^^V IC
268 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMBfERCE.
IMPORTS.
Statement showing the description and quantify of the imports from the United
States into Amsterdam during the year ended September 30, 1865.
'. \ barrels . . 395
Flour do 310
Logwood, extract of : do 2, 060
Lumber, mahogany blocks . . 639
Pimento bags . - - 110
Q"^«^'^'''°" {poJ^a;:: "J
Schorls bags 347
Staves about M. 100
Sundries (pounds.. 39
(boxes... 47
Toi'-- {hht-;:: 7,2??
Batavia. — Lewis Wm. Tappan, Consul.
September 30, 1865.
I beg to enclose certain tables of statistics to accompany my annual commer-
cial report.
Trade between the United States of America and Java has not been large during
the past year. Early in 1864 there were signs of revival, but after the first
six months of the year, when shipments were numerous, little or nothing was
done.
Holland his revised the tariff for the colonics, making it, in many respects,
far more liberal. This, it is hoped, will increase the commerce of this island,
now almost entirely confined to Holland, with other countries.
The railroad from Samarang to the interior is slowly progressing. January
1, 1866, a new company, with Englishmen at the head, takes the contract for
steam navigation in the Dutch archipelago, and we are promised greatly im-
proved facilities of intercommunication.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS.
269
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ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREION COMMERCE.
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DOMINIONS OP THE NETHERLANDS
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ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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DOMIKIONS OP THE NETHERLANDS
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
274 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
CuRA^OA — J. Faxon, Consul.
October 21, 1865.
There have been Bince October 1, 1864, fifty-eight arrivals at this port with
cargoes, in whole or in part, the growth or the manofactore of the United States,
consisting mostly of lamber, com, tobacco, hay, soap, candles, furniture, and
petroleum oil. This is paid for, about three-fourths in gold, the remaining foarth
by return cargoes in salt, dye-woods, hides, goat-skins, and palm-leaf hats,
which, with the exception of salt, is principally the product of the Spanish main.
Under its present management this is a perfectly barren island, but its being a
free port renders it a place of much business, chiefly with Venezuela.
DANISH DOMINIONS.
ELsrNORB — George P. Hudson, Consul.
January 16, 1865.
Of the trade and commerce of Denmark and duchy of Schleswig for the year
ended December 31, 1863, the united imports and exports of Denmark and
Schleswig amounted to 2,484,250,029 rix dollars, or 5,833,297 rix dollars more
than in 1862.
The imports reached an o£Scial value of 49,298,615 rix dollars. In 1862
only 48,773,673 rix dollars. Thus the imports of 1863 exceed those of 1862
by 524,942 rix dollars.
The table marked A will show the leading articles imported into Denmark
and Schleswig duringthe' year 1863 compared with 1862.
The exports from Denmark and Schleswig during 1863 amounted to aji of-
ficial value of 27,602,520 rix dollars ; in 1862, 22,204,165. The exports of
1863 thus exceed those of 1862 5,308,355 rix dollars.
By the late treaty of peace with Prussia and Austria, Denmark is stripped of
her finest provinces — ^the. duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg — ^with
the exception of a few towns in the north of Schleswig.
The imports and exports of these duchies, in 1862, were:
HOLSTEIN.
Rix dollars.
Imports amounted to ^ 17, 193,564
Exports 16, 153, 904
Total 33,347,468
SCHLESWIG.
Imports 9, 804, 794
Exports 4,571,681
Total 14,376,475
LAUENBURG.
Imports 420, 323
Exports t 212, 147
Total 632, 470
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DANISH DOMINIONS. 275
Total imports and exports of the three duchies —
Rix dollars.
In 1862 48, 356, 413
Total of Denmark in flie same year. 56, 691, 363
From the ahove statement it will he seen that the loss of the three duchies to
Denmark, in a mere commercial view, is a very severe one. .
It will, perhaps, not he uninteresting to glance at the immediate trade and
commercial resources of Denmark as it now is.
It will be seen that Denmark, narrowed down to the smallest possible bound-
aries by her powerful neighbors, still possesses superior resources in her agri-
cultural and commercial relations, whicb only want to be more fully developed
to make her, what she already is, the most prosperous country in Europe, and,
what in particular most meets the sympathies of the people of the United States,
she is the most free .in Europe ; and it is claimed that this very freedom caused
the assault upon her by tl^ German powers.
Denmark now consists of the islands of Zealand, and smaller islands, con-
taining Danish square miles 134
Fanen, and smaller islands 60^
LoUand, Falster, and eighty smaller islands 30|
Bomholm and Ertehomene 10|
Jutland, the peninsula, and contiguous islands on the west and east of it . 460§
Total eq. miles contained in the kingdom of Denmark as now constituted 696
which together contain a population of 1,600,000 inhabitants.
Imports during the year 1862, were 39,415,203 rix dollars.
Rix dollars*
The principal articles of export are her agricultural and other
domestic products, of which there were exported during the year
1863, in vaaue 18, 704, 460
The re-exportation of foreign goods in 1863, was 3, 927, 963
22,632,423
Add Imports, as above 39, 415, 203
I'otal of exports and imports 62, 037, 026
Tahle showing the description and quantity of tJie principal agricultural pro*
ducts exported from Denmark during the year 1863.
Buckwheat, barrels 121
Barley, barrels 1,323,232
Peas, barrels • 34, 822
Oats, barrels 1,137,683
Wheat, barrels 373,670
Malt, barrels 4, 864
Rye, barrels 243, 084
Vetch, barrels 9, 788
Wheat in groats, pounds 2, 382
Other grains, pounds 5, 807, 081
Flour, of wheat, barley, maize, and potatoes pounds 12, 678, 979
Flour of other kinds, pounds 4, 505, 268
Bread 2, 051, 032
Rapeseed, barrels 57, 932
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
276 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
Oilcake, pounds '7, 292, 012
Butter, barrels / 38, 862
Meat, pounds 1, 794, 047
Pork, pounds , 2, 358, 979
Horses 178
Cows and oxen 005
Calves 22
Hogs 5, 502
Hides and skins, (tanned and raw) 3, 140, 336
Wool, (coarse) 1, 500, 431
Wool, (better quality) 2, 016, 755
Animal bones 2, 686, 942
Table B shows the leading articles imported into Denmark in 1863, and tbeir
value. And table C shows the value, first, of domestic wares : second, of for-
eign wares exported from Denmark in 1863, both exclusive of the duchies.
Table showing the iceighU and measurest and coins, of Denmark, compared
fcifh English avoirdupois weights and measures^
One pound (lb.) is ec^ual to j^^j^ lb. avoirdunois.
One qoint d^ lb.) is equal to jff^g lb. avoirdupois.
One ort (y^ lb.) " j^^ "
One centner, (100 lbs.) " \zh^ "
One tonde is equal to one barreir
One tonde grain is equal to { „^7*4^J^S'„.
One tonde of beer is equal to 28.9 1 9 gallons.
One tonde of butter is equal to 246.92 pounds.
One tonde of coal is equal to 4.6775 bushels.
One pot is equal to 02.126 gallons.
One viertel is equal to 1.7011 gallon.
One ell (alen) is equal to 6864 of a yard.
One foot (fod) is equal to 3432 yards, or 1.0297 feet. •
One cubic foot is equal to 1.0918 cubic foot English.
^ One commerce-last is equal to two tons.
' One rix dollar 2s. 3d. sterling, or $0.5463.
MANUFACTUBBS.
Denmark has but few manufactures. Her distilleries are the most prominent.
There were 426 in operation in the year 1863, furnishing 34,421,719 pots of
spirits. The tax to government derived therefrom amounted to 1 ,355,031 rix
dollars ; of which Avere exported 1,778,308 pots, on which the refunded duty
amounted to 262,149 rix dollars.
TRADE AND NAVIGATIOX.
There was no direct trade with the United States during the year 1863.
American goods have found their way here through other European ports. See
table B.
The shipping of Denmark in 1863, exclusive of the duchies, was 2,740 ves-
sels, with a tonnage of 69,477^ commerce-lasts, of which 1,586 were under 15
commerce lasts ; and with a total of 9,077 commerce- lasts 707 were from 15 to
20 commerce-lasts, with a total of 22,047^ commerce-lasts ; 447under 50 com-
merce-lasts, including 47 steamboats, with a tonnage of 2,188^ commerce lasts,
and of 2,706 horse- power.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DANISH DOMINIONS.
277
Statement showing the number, tonnage, in commerce-lasts, from Denmark
proper^ and the amount actually carried, of vessels cleared during the year
1863.
From
Denmark.
From
Schleswig.
27,748
310, 74H
162,3171
Total.
Namber .. ...--
64,274
l,023,384i
579,336
92,022
1,334,126
Tonnftfire. in commerces-last
f!a.TTvin|r. in COmmftTWS-laflt -r^,-, ....
741,653f
OF THESE, IN THE COASTING TRADE—
Denmark employed .
^chlesuvig employed.
Total •.
Number.
43,713
23,754
67,467
Tonnage in
commerce last.
452,196f
]96,624i
648,821
Carrying in
commerce last.
215, lOOf
96,012
311,1121
OF THE FOREGOING, IN FOREIGN
FRADE—
Number.
Tonnage in
commerce last.
Carrying in
commerce last.
T)'<^ninark ftmnloved ,., ,
20,561
3,994
571,647}
114,117i
364,235i
66,305f
Schleswiff emnloved ...... .....*. .... .....
Total
24,555
685,765
430,541
Digitized by LjOOQIC
278
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Tabular ilaiement showing the description and tonnage of foreign tesscU
engaged in the coasting as well as foreign trade of Denmark and Schleswig
in 1863.
ARRIVAJ.S.
Description.
Americiui
Belgian
«''«•'>! isiXd
Germans
French
'Hamborg....
Hanover.
Lubec
Mecklenburg
Oldenburg. ..
LPrusflia
Netherlands
Italian
Norwegian
Swedish
Russian . . .
Spanish ...
X otal • • • • . « wn • . . . .
Coasting Foreign
trade. ! trade.
Clearances. Clearances,
1
8
1
1
6
51
7
31
32
68
1
207
2
1
266
25
6
37
281
8
78
20
730
169
]
1,923
2,885
258
1
6,693
Total.
Clearances.
2
274
26
9
43
332
8
78
20
737
200
1
1,955
2,953
259
1
6,900
Total
tonnage.
Commerce
lasts.
649
I23i
23,584
131
4631
901i
7,6e9i
580
6,49H
1,026
26,8021
7,482i
, 88
36,338i
53,0041
22,982i
84
188,422
Actually
carrying.
Commerce
lasts.
44i
21,699
m
341
530i
4,910i
580
6,0404
963
25,3881
5,474i
32,256
49,353
21,542
169,5354
DEPARTURES.
Description.
American
Belgian
France
Hamburg....
Hanoyer ....
Lubec
Mecklenburg.
Oldenburg...
I, Prussia
Netherlands
Italian
Norwegian )
SwediMi >
Russian
Spanish
Germans
Coasting
trdde.
Clearances.
Total.
5
59
13
37
29
71
Foreign
trade.
Clearances.
220
3
2
263
27
8
44
273
7
78
17
716
163
1
1,962
2,913
254
2
6,733
Total.
Clearances.
27
8
49
332
7
78
17
729
200
1
1,991
2,984
254
2
6,953
'Total
tonnage.
Commerce
lasts.
Actually
carrying.
488
123i
23,378
133i
3791
1,26H
7,857
490i
6,426
811
27,9411
' 7,046
88
36,6721
51,979
22,7261
1321
Commerce
lasts.
342
1234
1,2761
741
9
390^
3,3811
631
515i
931
],3I5i
2,561
187.9.33f
8,593
6, 5601
626
73
25,999
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DANISH DOMINIONS. 279
ELSINORK.
The harbor as well as the ]:ailwa7 bedding, or patent slip, which were finished
in the fall of 1863, have proven of great benefit both to the town and to the ship-
ping.
The harbor contains abont 200,000 square feet, with a depth of 18 feet. The
docks are 1,740 feet in length, with plenty of good wharfage.
The depth at the mouth of the harbor is )8 feet, with a hreadth of 128 feet.
The patent slip is an inclined plane of 692 feet in length, being 265 feet above
and 427 feet under the water, and a stationary engine raises the vessel on the
bedding. Vessels of 1,000 tons burden are raised with the greatest facility, and
two good-sized vessels can occupy the bedding at the same time. It is well
worthy the attention of masters and owners of vessels. Repairs are generally
done with despatch.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
280
ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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DANISH DOMINIONS.
281
T B.
Tabular statement showing the description and value of leading articles im-
ported into Denmark fexclusice of the German duchies of Schlestcig, Hal-
stein, and LauenburgJ during the year 1863.
Description^
Ashes '.
Firewood
Tow
White lead
Paints
Hemp and flax ,
Hops ,
Iron, iron ware, and steel
Machinery
Brass, crude and manufactured
Zinc, crude and manufactured
Copper, crude and manufactured i
Mill and grindstones
Cordage
Tobacco, crude and manufact*d.
Lumber of all kinds
Tallow
Blabber, &c., for train oil
Salt
Grain of dto kinds
Coals
Sugar and mouses
Tea
Coffee
Glassware
Earthenware .*.
Seeds
Vish of all kinds
Meat, fresh and salted
Oils of all kinds
Description.
I
Value.
Riz dollars,
273,332
142,548
25,471
81,308 1
112,235 "
664,806
132,456
5,824,385
336,179
148, 170
71,711
73,668
37,096
101,957
72,994
1,151,169
•2,640,450
106,528
4,648
197,382
1,212,945
2,494,963
3,777,291
270,419
1,421,498
175,561
221,523
:i87,600
672,833
8,363
144,245
I
Cotton
yam
goods
Ribbons
Spirits
Cacao
Dye-wood
Feathers and down
Fancy goods
Hair of all kinds
Indigo
Linen yam
goods
Almonds
Oranges
Cheese
Paper •
Fringe-work
Rice, rice-meal, and paddy
Currants, raisins, &c
Silk and silk goods
Hides and skins
Clocks and watches
•Wool
Woollen yam
g^oods
Wine
Sundries
Total
Rix dollars.
8,945
432,201
1,132,375
473,767
611,346
44,466
23,412
111,203
203,395
39,992
286,776
427,298
802,310
60,157
76,656
60,593
67,832
78,63;?
873,025
310,881
772,371
477,657
108,084
121,645
238,900
4,352,294
316,988
3,740,905
39,415,203
c.
Statement showing t/ic description and value of leading articles exported from
Denmark ( exclusive of the German duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lau-
enburgJ during the year 1863.
DOMESTIC PRODUCTS. .
Description.
Eggs
Ashes
Animal bones
plants
Spirits
Bread
Beans, (horse beans). ..
Chryolith
Feathers and down
Sheep, goats, lambs, ^c
Fish
Pork
Value.
Rix dollars.
2,380
43,141
26,869
8,184
253,355
122,449
15 '
41,300 I
23,831 I
2,121 !
101,566
281,000
Description.
Value.
' Rix dollars.
S^eds I 03,211
Fancy goods 14, 140
Glassware 9,231
Hair 9,344
Glove-makers' ware ' 5, 180
Hats 5,281
Horses 13,275
Wagon-makers' wares 12, 883
Cattle .^>2,98()
Manure 6,654
Whalebone and manufactures
of same •f^r\f^(^f\*>^'^^
Jigitized by VjOOQIc
282 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement — Continued.
Descriptiou.
Iron ware
Mathematical instraments, &c
Musical instruments
Coffee and chiccory
Lime, burnt
chalk, &c
Potatoi's
Books
Grain, (including flour)
Powder
Linen floods
Candles
Paints ....
Machineiy
Brass works
Bricks
Oils
Oil-cake
Cheese
Paper
Porcelain
Sausages, smoked
Value.
Rix dollars,
161,696
5,500
14,100
5,299
7,433
20,197
3,851
16,583
12,280,577
5,308
3,904
4,894
5,643
234,777
8,008
7,380
16,779
140,299
21,623
48,584
104,115
3,022
Descriptiou.
Value.
Rape-seed
Soap
Hides and skins
Butter
Cabinet-makers* work . .
Starch..
Sugar and simps
Hogs and pigs
TaUow
Tar and coal-tar
Tobacco, manufactured.
Cordage
Train oil
Lumber
Barrel hoops
Wool
Drain tiles ,
Wax
Beer
Sundries
Riz doUart.
463,216
20,339
656,087
1,928,500
13,457
8,379
114,494
55,580
33,460
5,488
7,507
7,696
143,976
32,746
2,148
506,212
35,725
7,240
4,947
95,486
Total , 18,704,460
FOREIGN PRODUCTIONS.
Pimento
Drugs
Ashes
Cinnamon
Books
Cacao
Cement
Lard
Feathers and down
Veneers
Fish
Pork
Fruits
Seeds
Fancy goods
Cotton goods
Spirits ..».
Do
Glassware
Gums
Hemp ,.
Flax-seed
Iron and iron wares
Indigo
Coffee
Cork
Grain, (including flour)
Linen goods
Candles
Paints
Metals, old
Mats
Almonds
Brass, crude and manufactured
7,886
7,735
38,316
7,021
9,548
8,857
15,354
12,235
120,460
7,985
110,536
2,077
15,662
107,772
7,055
54,710
22,155
126,887
10,951
5,018
71,085
21,665
361,120
28,305
659,937
9,368
18, 171
85,236
8,075
6,768
9,176
6,146
19,496
9,351
Natural products
I Oils
, Oil-cake ^
I Oranges
I Paper
' Rice, rice-meal, and paddy. . ,
I Raisins and currants
Salt
I Silk and silk goods
Skins and hides
j Steel ,
' Sulphur
Sugar and sirups
Tallow
Tea
Tar :
Tobacco, crude and manuf *d. .
Train oil
Butter
Coals
Earthemware
Cordage
Lumber
Wool ^
Woollen goods
Wine
Wagon grease
Zinc, crude and manufactured.
Sundries
Total
Add domestic.
Total foreign and domestic.
25,32:^
58,703
5,541
21,871
13,223
336,631
28,919
5,529
7,592
198,651
17,498
io,ea3
341,790
11,444
27,268
15,442
9^,014
10, 794
14,600
242,650
4,890
62,567
21,025
62,186
103,407
60,760
8,992
19,3ft
122,311
3,927,963
18,704, 46t)
22,632,^23
Digitized by
Google
DANISH DOMINIONS. 283
November 22, 1865.
I bave the honor herewith to enclose a few notes on Denmark, which I trusts
may not be without interest.
Denmark proper consists of a number of islands and the peninsula of Jut-
land. The principal of these islands are Zealand, Moen, Falster, Lauland, the
rich island of Funen, surrounded by its cluster of beautiful lesser ones.
The island of Zealand has a very irregular form, having a number of penin-
sulas, viz : 1st, Stevenshemd ; 2d, North Zealand ; 3d, Homsherred ; 4th,
Odsherred, with the well-known Zealand odde; 5th, Re&os; and 6th, Asnos.
On its eastern shore lie the islands of Olmager, the garden of Copenhagen, and
Salthholm. Towards the south ar&the islands of Moen, Falster, and Lauland,
and north of these the smaller islands of Fomoe and Fojoe.
The cluster of islands around that of Funen are Laugeland, Oroe, Taaeingc,
and a number of smaller islands, as Dreioe, Lyoe, and Avemakoe.
The island of Funen itself is nearly round, with the exception of the small
promontory of Hiudsholm. *
The islands of Hesseloe. Seiroe, Samsoe, Kyholm, and Tunoe, all lying in
the Cattegat, form a kind of link between the island of Zealand and the penin-
sula of Jutland, while the islands of Anholt and Losoe more properly form the
link between Sweden and Jutland.
^ The Jutland peninsula runs in a line nearly north and south, making but a
very trifling bend, and notwithstanding that the great flood of 1825 separated
the northern part by opening the Limfiord with the north sea, it still forms,
strictly speaking, a part and parcel of Jutland.
The pemnsula i^ in the form of a wedge, the sharp end pointing north. This
form is iiwgular, however, on both sides, from numerous inlets from the sea,
most of which are on the east side. On the west, however, Jutland forms a
sharp bordered lino varied by few inlets, and hence suffers from the lack of
good harbors. The small islands of Fanoe, Manoe, Romoe, lie on the west
coast.
To Jutland belong also the smaller, islands of Givel and Oeland, Livoe, Fur
and Mors, in the Limfiord, Hirsholm islands outside Frederlbkshaven, Endelave
outside, and Hiamoe and Alvoe in the Horsensfiord. The size of these islands,
in Danish square miles, is as follows : Zealand^ 128 ; Fnmen, 54 ; Lauland, 21 ;
Bomholm, 10 ; Falster, 8 ; Mors, 6 ; Langland, 5 ; Moen, 4 ; Sosoe, 2 ; Samsoe, 2 ;
Oroe, 1^; and Amager, Taasinge, Anholt, Fanoe, and Romoe, 1 square mile each.
Denmark has now but few colonies left. Of these, Iceland has a population
of only 70,4^00, with an area of 1,800 square miles, or twice the size of the king-
dom. But in old times its population was larger, as it has been decreasing very ^
fast during the last century ; its soil rapidly becoming barren, with the prospect
of the whole island being ice-covered.
Greenland, the Faros, and the small West India islands of St. Croix, St.
Thomas, and St. John's, are also colonies of Denmark.
The Faros consist of seventeen small islands, containing twenty-four square
miles. Danish.
THE SEA.
The whole of Denmark being so immediately connected with the sea, it fol-
Iq^a that the latter has so great influence upon the geographical position and
climate that it is proper here to notice the waters which wash the shores of this
little insular kingdom.
Ist. The North sea or Western ocean, on the westwardly side of Jutland, is
divided from the open sea towards the north by a line that runs from the Shet-
land islands to the north of the city of Bergen, in Norway, and on the south
by the British channel. On the east the North sea is connected nt Skagerak
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
284 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
with the Cattegat. The North sea is very deep, (on the coast of Norway some
450 fathoms.) Of the shoals, two of them are very dangerous — the Doggers-
bank and the Jutland reef. * Notwithstanding the great size of the North sea,
its navigation is very dangerous, and large numbers of vessels are there lost
annually. The most perilous part of the coast is from Skagen to Blaavandshuk ;
along which there are two or three parallel sand-bars, and against which the sea
is continually breaking. Vessels are often thrown across these bars, through
*which, in very few places, are channels found deep enough for small vessels to
cross. Among the most prominent of these inlets are : 1, Limfiord, with- the Ag-
gcrcaval, in the northern part of Jutland; 2, Nissumfiord, with Thorsminde
inlet ; 3, Ringkjobingfiord, with Nymindegab inlet.
As shipwrecks are of frequent occurrence on this coast, the Danish govera-
ment has established a number of stations, with life-boats and rocket apparatus,
and great numbers of lives are saved annually.
From Blaavandshuk to the mouth of the Elb none of these bars are found,
but the islands all along the coast of Schleswig-IIolstein are surrounded by
very shallow water, and at low ebb are frequently left dry — the tide here rising
to the height of ten feet. Roads, therefore, passable at low tide, connect these
islands ; but when the tide is in, small vessels pass over them.
All these islands were formerly connected with the land^ and anciently formed
principally that historic province of Northfrieslan tf. The inroads of the sea have,
however, little by little washed the land away, paxticularly in the great gale
of 1034, and Northfriesland haft long ceased to oe an independent province.
Yet it is interesting to compare the maps of the present day with those of 1240.
and to notice the remarkable change taken place in the coast in that space of
time. At Skagerak the North sea is united with the water^ of the
CATTEGAT,
which is properly a lake between Denmark and Sweden. A large part of it
consists of shoals, as the great shoals of Losoe and Anholt, the Middle shoal,
and the Zealand reef. In many places it is quite dangerous to navigation ; and
although there is a greater depth of water on the Swedish side than on the
Danish, navigators prefer to sail along the Danish coast, as it has no breakers,
and the wind is generally from the land. The Cattegat has a great many inlets
on the Danish coast, among which are the Limfiord, in North Jutland. This
is, however, now more of a sound than an inlet. Pi^evions to the great flood of
1825, in which the small strip of land which divided the fiord from the North
sea was washed away, the Limfiord was a continuous line of lakes, with brackish
water. It is now occupied by sea- water. From appearances, as well as from
historic data, this is not the first time the Limfiord has forced its way to the
North sea.
The Limfiord is not navigable through its entire length for large vessels.
Lately the Logston canal has been built, which connects the eastern with the
western parts of the fiord.
Another prominent inlet from the Cattegat is the Roskildefiord in Zealand.
Anciently this fiord was of more importance than at present, as it then extended
to the king's residence. From the appearance of this fiord at present, it is
evident that in earlier times it had a great number of branches, and that the
old "Leire" — the abode of Denmai-k's earliest kings — has been surrounded by
numerous islands, through which it may have been difficult enough for an
enemy to pass.
The sea-road between the Cattegat and the Baltic is formed by the Little
Belt, the Great Belt, and Oeresound.
The Little Belt is, in its northern part, so narrow that there is only about
sixty-six yards between Middelfart in Funen and Snoghoi in Jutland. It*has,
however, great depth of water, but its narrowness endangers navigatibn. It
Digitized by V^OOQ^K:!
DANI8H DOMINIONS. 285
forms some inlets, the principal one being Goldingfiord ; 2d, Haderslepfiord, and
3d, Aabeneraafiord. Through Alssound it is connected with Flensburgfiord,
and through Svendborg sound with the Great Belt, between Sealand and Funen.
The narrowest place of the Great Belt is between Halakov and Knudshoved —
two Danish miles ; it has greater depth of water than the Oeresound, but the
navigation is dangerous on account of the many shoals and rocky reefs, partic-
ularly around the island of Sprogoe. Lesser parts of the Great Belt are, 1,
Gallundbdre; 2, Corsoemor; 3, Skjelskoernor ; 4, Kjertemindfiord ; and 5^
Nyborgfiord.
Towards the south the Great Belt expands towards the bay of Vordingborg,
and thence through a number of small islands to the Baltic.
The Oeresound is the shortest of the three connecting links between the Baltic
and the Gattegat. Its width changes considerably. It is only a half Danish
mile wide between Ekinore and Flesingburg, in Sweden, while it is four Danish
miles wide between Copenhagen and Malmoe. Towards the south it forms the
bay of Kjoge. The deepest part runs west of the island of Flveen, through
Hollanderdeep and through Drogden, which lie between the islands of Amager
and Saltholm. The depth of the Drogden is twenty-three feet. From the
HoUandersdeep the Kingsdeep leads to Copenhagen. The harbor of Copenha-
gen, after passing through the city, connects with Callebodstrand between Am-
ager and Sealand, and again unites with the belt below Amager, affording the
finest facility to extend the harbor of Copenhagen to any size desirable, and
also affording vessels a doable entrance.
The number of vessels passing through Oeresound yearly amounts to from
15,000 to 20,000. It is the high road to the Baltic. Happily the restriction
which formerly made every one of these vessels stop at Elsinore and pay dues
has been removed, thanks to the energy with which the United States acted in
the matter.
The dues collected by Denmark from the passing shipping amounted to some
two millions of riz dollars a year. '
THE BALTIC
May properly be called an inland sea or lake, most likely formed by great
floods from the northeast. It is not very deep, seldom over one hundred
fathoms, but generally much less. The shores of the Baltic are very low, and
its upland extensive. A large number of rivers find their outlet therein from
north Europe, east and middle Europe ; hence the waters are less salt than the
northern ocean. The Baltic contains about half per cent.; the- northern sea
3^Q per cent, of salt. For a greater part of the year the waters run through
Oeresound and the belts out in the Cattegat, on account of these rivers emptying
themselves into the Baltic.
Tide- water is hardly perceptible in the Baltic, and the differenc3 between
high and low water on the furtherest point is only ten inches. The Baltic
forms numerous inlets or bends along the Danish coast — as, l,the bay of Prostoe;
2, Ulfsound; 3, Groensouud; 4, Langoland Belt, and many others. On the
Swedish coast the Baltic forms the Galmar sound, and cutting itself through
Finland and Sweden, under the name of the bay of Bothni^, extends navigation
up to Tornea.
The bay of Bothnia is separated from the Baltic proper by the Alund islands,
and the islands of the Goorken again divide that bay into two parts.
THB SOIL.
The soil is like that of middle Europe, and consists of clay and sand, the
surface being thoroughly mixed with organic matters, forming a rich and pro-
di^tive mould. Regular mountains are not found in Denmark; the loftiest
Lin,Himinel bierget, (Heaven's mountain,) being only 550 feet high. Although
one nving in a mountainous country may call Denmark a plain, X^^^/^^'Pa^^^P^
jigi ize y g
«
286 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Strictly are foand here. The greatest part of the land is rolling, and the land-
scape is beautiful.
In the eastern part the sub-soil is chalk, with an admixture of flint. Some-
times the chalk is near the surface, so that the plough reaches it, and not un-
frequently the chalk reaches the surface itself. On the east side of the island
of Moen are chalk cliffs, reaching from 403 to 450 feet in height. Chalk is also
found occasionally in the southern part of the island of Zealand, and in a num-
ber of places in Jutland. Other developments of chalk formation are the hard
limestone and limestone from coral rocks, and also bleaching chalk. Most
prominent is the Foxoe lime, which is a superior article. It is found at Foxoe,
in Zealand, and is taken from a former coral reef.
In the western part of the country the sub-soil generally consists of a brown
coal formation, particularly on the great heath in Jutland, where yellow and
brown sands predominate. This formation is found in many other places, and
on the whole western coast. On Mors and Fly the sub-soil consists of a sub-
stratum of slate, which sometimes rises to the height of a hundred feet. The
slates are very solid. The brown coal formation frequently contains amber,
which is also generally found on the western coast.
The sub-soil is again covered with another formation, the so-called roUine
stone formation. This consists of a layer of sand and clay, containing rounded
stones. The stones are of different sizes and very firm ; the greatest number
are not larger than grains of sand, whilst others are very large, like the great
Hesselager stone on the island of Funen, which has a circumference of a
hundred feet. Of the origin of these stones there are many opinions, some be-
lieving them brought to the land by great floods.
The soil, in accordance with its condition, may again be divided into—
1st. The '* rolling-stone clay," consisting of clay and rolling stones, and is
found on the islands and on the eastern part of the peninsula. The surface ia
hilly and uneven, but the hills stand isolated with no connecting ridge. Between
them are found ciarrow valleys, tcreeks, and frequently small lakes or ponds.
There is no room for large plains, and only a few are found, as Heden, (the
heath,) a productive plain between Boskilde, Kjoge, and Copenhagen, ending
on the island of Gomeger. There is also " Sletten " (prairie) in the southern
part of the island of Funen. The rolling-stone clav is very productive, and a
great part of the islands is covered with beach wooas.
2d. The rolling-stone sand consists of a layer of sand, which contains rolling
6tone, but of a very small size.
This formation is found scattered on the islands, and constitutes that link of
hills which runs from Oxenbjerg at Ossens to Soendborg, attaining its greatest
size at the ridees of the peninsula. These ridges in Jutland form the division
line between me waters of the eastern and western sides of the peninsula, run-
ning nearer to the eastern than to the western side. North of Aarhuns these
heights diminish, but after passing the Limfiorden increase. From this prin-
cipal ridge smaller branches shoot off, and form in some places the highest and
most lovely spots in Denmark. These branches form also some considerable
valleys, as the beautiful Oreisdale at Veile.
Formerly the rolling-stone sand was covered with wood, particularly oak,
which is now nearly all destroyed. In a few places some stunted burr oaks arc
found. Towards the west the rolling heaths get more and more level.
3d. The heath plains in Schleswig Holstein are^narrow, and in many places
cultivated, but in Jutland they form a broad uncultivated belt as far as the
Limfiord. They make large interminable flats, which descend toward the western
ocean. i
The vegetation is of a uniform kind, consisting chiefly of the brown heather,
and does not thrive very well. This unproductiveness originates from the com-
position of the soil. The surface is underlaid with a brownish stone formf^ion.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DANISH DOMINIONS. 287
containing iron. The roots of no tree can penetrate this mass, and as no claj
is foand on the heath plains they are wholly anproductive. In some few places
clay appears^ and here we find the mannfactare of the celebrated Jutland
pottery carried on. These heaths have never been covered with wood, but still
are not without tbeir uses. Numbers of young cattle and sheep feed upon them
in summer and the heather is used for fuel. West of these heath plains is —
4th. fhe so-called Glitter, viz : banks of sand near the shore. This at
high water has been thrown upon the shore. At low tide the sand is left, and
the wind carries it inland. The smallest object forms a nucleus, and little by
little hills and ridges arise inside each other, particularly towards the south »
where the winds have the greatest sweep, and pile the sand in hills a hundred
feet high. In the course of time these hills are covered with sand plants, such
as sea-reed and beach grass, {arundo urinaria,) lyme grass, (Jlymus arinarius,)
and a kind of a gray willow, which derives its food from the moisture in the
sand, and the roots, often sixty to eighty feet in extent, are of great service to
fasten the sand. Some of these sand-hills have continued for ages, and still
retain their ancient names.
Peat bogs are found in large numbers throughout the country, and are
of great importance in furnishing the chief fuel of Denmark — "turf." The
bogs irom which turf is made may be divided into three classes : First, wo
have the wood-bogs. These generally form small, roundish basins, and contain
different kinds of mosses, widi layers of whole trees — ^most generally oak and
fir. In the deeper and older layers beach is never found) though beech is now
the principal wood of Denmark. The fir, which as late as 150 years ago was
not met with in this country, is, on the contrary, always found, though all the
pine wood of the present day has been planted since that time. This kind of
peat^ bogs generally appear on the rolling stone sands, and in the North sea land,
where they cover large tracts of land. Second, pool bogs : these consist of large,
low, and wet tracts, and contain grasses, bullrushes, and reeds ; layers of moss
and trees are not found in them. Third, heath bogs — also called high bogs,
because higher in the middle than at the outskirts — are generally found in deep
hollows void of timber, or on tracts of descending lowlands. They are dis-
tinguished firom woody bo^, as they contain but one kind of moss, sphagnum ;
have no layers of trees, but are always covered with heather. It is not un-
common to find a wood bog or a pool hog covered with a heath bog, a sphag-
num layer, and also heather having covered the original bog.
Some of these peat bogs, in earlier times, were covered with fresh water, and
others with the sea, but by a continuous rising they have become elevated above
the surface of the water. The rising of the land is still in progress throughout
all that part of Denmark lying north of a line drawn between Nissumfiord and
Nyborg. The bogs that in former times were covered by the sea are easily
recognized, the bottom being sea sand, and contains the remains of the same
kind of animals found in the adjacent seas. These peat bogs are of very large
extent.
The different kinds of turf are about equal as to quality, if of an equal weight.
The turf from the wood bogs is, however, generally heavier and better than that
from the pool bogs and heath bogs.
FRESH WATBR.
As the country is divided into so many islands, it follows, of course, that the
fresh-water streams play but an inferior part. Only a few streams can lav claim
to the name of riv^s. Most of them are mere rivulets or creeks ; the longest
is Gttdanaa in Jutland. The waters of none of them are very deep, and there-
fore of little use to navigation.
Th^treams on the islands are insignificant. The principal ones are, 1. Su-
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
288
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
saa, in Zealand, which has its mouth near Faxoe, and flows in a circuit around
the hills near Nostved, and finds an outlet in the hay of Vordingborg; 2. Oden-
see, a creek in Funen, passes by the ancient city of Odensee. Avicco, in the
hills of the south of Funen, 'has its mouth in Odenseefiord. '
On the peninsula the streams are also unimportant. The ridge which divides
East and West Jutland also forms the division line of the waters, those on the
east side emptying into the Cattegat, and those on the west side into the North
sea. On the west side we find some seven small streams, the southernmost of
which is Kfbee. On the east side are Guden and Green, both emptying into
the Cattegat.
The space dividing the creeks on the western side from those on the eastern
side is very narrow.
The King's creek now forms the principal border line between Denmark and
its quondam provinces of Schleswig and Holstein.
LAKES.
A large number of lakes and ponds are found in this country. Funen has,
perhaps, the least. Some of these lakes arc linked together in a cluster, as the
North Zealand groups, with Arresoe, Esromsoe, and Fnrsoe.
CLIMATB.
Notwithstanding its northern latitude, Denmark has rather a mild climate
compared with other countries. It stands thus : average summer heat of Ire-
land is 15®; Copenhagen, 17°; Moscow, 20*^. Winter in Ireland, +5**; Co-
penhagen, 0° ; Moscow, — 10°, according to Reamur's thermometer.
The mean temperature in different parts of the country in the several seasons
are found to be, from a large number of observations^ according to Reamur —
Seasons.
Copenhagen.
Frederickhaven
and Jutland.
Winter : December, Januaryf and February
o
H- .4
-h 5.2
13.8
7.6
o
-1-0.0
4.9
Spring : M&rch| April, and May
Summer : June, July, and Aug^ust
12.6
Autumn : September, October, and November
7.4
Mean temperature for the year
+ .6
6.3
The climate is a medium between an island and a mainland climate. It has
an average of 113 rainy and 31 snowy day«. The average fall of rain through
the year is 21 inches, which exceeds that of eastern Europe, St. Petersbai^
having 1 7 inches. Astrakan 6 inches, but less than Bergen, in Norway, which
reaches 80 inches, and the west coast of Ireland, which has 55 inches.
Severe rain-storms are of rare occurrence. The western winds predominating.
Heavy gales are also rare, except on the western coast of Jutland, where con-
tinued gales are frequent, and no trees will grow without shelter. The severest
of these winds is called the "Skai," a dry, sharp wind which blackens the
leaves and young shoots and gives them the appearance of being blistered by
fire.
A very heavy mist called the Haoguseen arises also from.the western ocean
and often hangs for days over the land, with a very disastrous eflfcct on the
herbs and plants.
As a general thing, the air is pure and clear, save in winter it is not so cold
here as in more southern countries on the Baltic. It is also free fronAheavy
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DANISH DOMINIONS.
289
miflts eotnmon to England and Scotland. The dimate in Bummer is delightful;
never very warm.
The following table will show the length of one daj in each month :
Month.
Day.
SUNRISE.
Hour. Minute.
SUNSET.
Hour.
lUQnutes.
LENGTH OF TWIUGHT.
Minutes.
Januaij . .
FebmaiT .
Ifarch....
^:::::
June .
July
August...
September
October...
November
December.
27
24
23
27
25
29
27
31
28
26
29
28
6
7
56
28
34
21
59
5
59
56
6
20
20
18
27
19
45
14
55
42
32
32
31
47
42
42
48
61
69
56
45
42
44
51
On the 14th December the son sets at 3,25, On the 29th of December the
snn rises at 8.32.
Vegetation is about the same as in middle Europe, and if there be any differ-
ence in the various parts of the country, it is more owing to soil than climate.
Where the rolling-stone formation exists the whole country is nearly covered
with timber. The principal wood is beach, more particularly found on the
rolling-stone clay. The beech tree of Denmark excels that of any other coun-
try in the beauty of its trunk and the» spread of its branches, and in ftummer,
when clothed with a rich transparent foliage, and a beautiful carpet of nass or
mosses beneath, it forms a most delightful spot, and the first question oidinarily
asked a stranger lately arrived in summer is, '' Have you been to the woods ? "
the Danes being justly proud of their forests.
Next in importance to the beech is the oak, now only found scattered among
the beach, an exclusively oak grove being rare ; yet the oak flourishes best on
the rolling-stone formation.
From examinations made in peat bogs it is found that the beech was intro-
duced into the country in comparatively modem times.
Next in importance are the pine forests ; they, too» were planted in later years,
though the fact is established that Denmark centuries ago was covered with
splendid pines, which became extinct at an early period of Sie settlement of the
country.
On the lowlands elms are found as underbrush, and in dry places the hazel,
bat the sloe and the blackthorn predominate.
Grain is principally cultivated on the rolling-stone formation.
The western part of the country has very Tittle timber, and old ptople may
be found who have never seen a tree.
The heather grows on the unproductive heath plains.
On the Glitter are the sand plants. The few chalk soils are covered with a
peculiar plant, as on the island of Moen, which is remarkable for the variety of
its orchideous. Bomholm is also remarkable for its plants. All the beech trees
on that island hav^een planted.
The animals now found in Denmark are auite different from those of the
olden time. Formerly there were a great numoer of mammiferous animals of a
large ske, now extinct; among them was the elk, the reindeer, the bison ox;
T9 C B
Digitized by
^^oogle
290 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
also the bear, the wolf, the beaver, and the wild boar. The country being now
thickly settled, there are no longer large tracts of wild land to afford them
shelter. The deer is fonnd only in parks.
Amonp the wild animals are the fox, the badger, and the otter.
£irds are largely represented, water-fowls being the most numerous. Fore-
most among the songsters are the lark, the thrush, the chaffinch, the linnet, the
nightingale, the goldfinch, and the cuckoo.
Of reptiles and toads few are found ; the only poisonous snake is the viper,
which is numerous, among the heather of Jutland.
Denmark is situated in the same latitude as Scotland, and contains 696 square
miles Danish, with a population of over 1,600,000.
The number to the square mile is different in different localities, and depends
greatly upon the productiveness of the soil. Jutland has «bout 1,500 to the
square mile, and is the sparsest populated portion of Denmark. The largest
population is found on the islands of Amager and Oroe, being about 9,000 to
the square mile.
At the census of 1860, Denmark had a population of 1,600,551, exclusive
of its colonies, viz., 793,188 males, and 807,363 females. It ha& — .
4 cities, with over 10,000 inhabitants, making a total of 190, 476
6 cities, from 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitiints, making a total of 44, 380
24 cities, from 2,000 to 6,000 inhabitants, making a total of.* 78, 632
28 cities, from 1,000 to 2,000 inhabitants, making a total of 41, 898
6 citie8,r«inder 1,000 inhabitants, making a total of 3, 820
The islimd of Oroe 1,713
Total 360,919
The population of the rural districts, including the smaller villages, who, as a
general tning, derive their support from agricultural pursuits, is divided among
the different sections as follows :
Island of Sealand (rural district) contains 126,6*78 square miles, and 359,207
inhabitants, viz., 2,836 to the square mile. Including the villages and adja-
cent islands there are 129,052 square miles, and 560,510 inhabitants— equal to
4,343 to the square mile.
Island of Bomholm (rural district) has 10,057 square miles, with 18,942
inhabitants, or 1,883 to the square mile. Including villages and adjacent islands
it has 10,598 square miles, and 29,304 inhabitants— equid to 2,765 to the square
mile.
Island of Moen (rural district) has 4,073 square miles, and 12,369 inhabitants,
equal to 3,( 37 per square mile. Including villages and adjacent islands there
are 4,160 square miles, with 14,301 inhabitants — equal to 3,438 to the square
mile.
Island of Falster (rural district) contains 8,451 square miled, with 21,435
inhabitants— «qual to 2,536 to the square mile. Includiug villages and adjacent
islands it has 8,559 square miles, and has 25,924 inhabitants — equal to 3,029
to the square mile. ^
Island of Laaland (rural district) has 20,954 square miles, and 51,206 inhab-
itants—equal to 2,444 to the square mile. Including villages and adjacent islands,
21,526 miles square, and 60,873 inhabitants — equal to 2,828 to the mile square.
Island of Funen (rural district) has 54,348 square miles, and 150,754 inhab-
itants. Including villages and adjacent ilftinds, it has 55,243 square miles, and
a population of 187,227 — equal to 3,389 to the square mile.
Island of Langeland (rural district) has 4,918 square miles, and 15,880 in-
habitants. Including villages and adjacent islands, 4,973 square miles, and a
population of 18,599—- equal to 3,740 to the square mile. ^
Digitized by V^OOQIC
DANISH DOMINIONS.
291
PemnBula of Jatland (rural district) has 454,094 square m]le8> and 611,552
inhabitants, or 1,345 to the square mile. Including villages and adjacent
islands, 460,047 square miles, and 703,813 inhabitants, or 1,530 to the square
Bile.
Add, also, the small island of Oroe, (rural district,) of 1,443 square miles,
with 9,705 inhabitants, or 6,726 to the square mile. Including villages and
adjoining islands, it contains 1,493 square miles, with 11,418 inhabitants—
eqoal to 7,648 to the square mile.
The population of the cities, compared with, that of the land districts, is,
therefore, according to the census of 1860, and excluding Oroe, as one to 346.
Of 1,000 inhahitanta 244 lived in cities and 776 in the land districts.
NUMBER OF FAMfLIES.
Copenhagen, in a population of 155,143, had 32,683 families, with 475 in-
dividuals to each 100 families. In all the cities, including Gopenhagen, there
were, in a population of 359,206, 73,693 families, consisting of 487 individuals
to each 100 families. Oroe is excluded in this as in the following calculations^
The rural districts had, in a population of 1,241,345, 256,745 families, with
483 mdividuals to 100 families. Total numher of families in the cities and
rural districts 330,438, in a population of 1,600,557, or 484 to each 100 families.
In the relative position of the single and married state we find the following
interesting facte :
o
m
MALES.
FEMALES.
In cities.
In rural
districts.
Total.
In cities.
In rural
districts.
Total.
Sinffle
113,038
66,583
4,725
673
374,734
221,917
19,822
1,696
487,772
278,500
24,547
2,369
109,725
55,684
17,819
959
355,735
221,878
43,474
2,089
465,460
277,562
61,293
3,048
Ma^ed ::::::::
Widowed
Separated
Total males. . . - . -
793,188
807,363
Total fenmlefl . . .
807,363
Total population .
1,600,551
175, 019 males in cities to 184, 187 females.
618, 169 males in rural districts to 623, 176 females.
793,188
807,363
To each 1,000 males there are 1,018 females. The greatest proportion of
females to males is in the cities, viz., 1,000 males to 1,052 females, whilst in
the rural districts the proportion is only 1,000 males t(]fl,008 females.
The difference, however, is reversed in youth, for then the males are in excess.
Under 25 years, 1,000 males to 991 females ; over 25 years, 1,000 males to
1,046 females. ^
The population in 1,000 of both sexes is—
Under 15 years ^ 336.93 per cent.
From 15 to 20 years * * 90.66 per cent.
From 20 to 60 years 491.34 per cent.
Over 60 years 81.07 per cent
* 1.000 T
Digiti^di^OOgle
292
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCfE.
The number of females between tbe ages of 20 and 40 yean, in 1,000, were
300 in 1860.
THE DIVISIONS OP LABOR.
Table shaicing the different employments, and distinguMing the principals Jr am
their subordinates.
Ocenpatloii.
Head! of em-
ploymenti.
MalM. Femal'i.
8UB0RDI1IATU.
Oatiide lervanti.
MalM. Fenud's.
Berranta.
Maki. Femal'*.
TotaL
Ifalei. Femal'i.
ClergTmen and teaehen . . . . .
Auistant ditto
CivU officers
AtsiitAnts to ditto
Subordinate officers
Offlcem of tbe land force . . . .
Ditto in tbe nayy
Military nnder class
Nary ditto
Scientific pcunsaits
Pensioners
CapitaUsts
Agricalturlsts
Assistant ditto
Deriving itr^port from the sea
Industrial parsnits
Assistants in ditto
Merchants
Assistants
Day laborers
Servants, tranirient
Un certain pursuits
Total.
Paupers
Imprisoned . .
5.43
0.25
0.34
0.02
4.26
aoe
1.27
a 01
5.61
1.56
1.01
aoo
0.19
aoo
8,24
aoo
S.13
aoo
4.41
1.01
3.05
5.96
2.23
4.14
156.72
26.15
&42
a 38
17.39
a 17
79.72
97.40
53.31
1.79
16w51
3.03
8.59
a 47
78.84
8.36
1.38
1.69
1.46
3.80
5i09
ao7
2.93
a36
&43
a53
a 24
1.03
1.44
1.56
S.05
1.65
189.16
2.05
12.26
71.87
12.10
14.60
a 57
68.89
a 63
1.28
1L60
a IS
7.38
a 78
ia97
1.27
a28
2.13
3.02
3.44
6.19
4.60
33a 10
4.92
23.61
140.24
2a 12
31.46
1.28
14a 41
1.16
2.41
9.90
a 01
1.13
a 02
a 53
a 13
0.02
a 01
aoo
a2o
a24
a 51
105.73
1.06
a5o
a67
9.12
7.06
ao3
ao6
a 05
ao3
6.20
ao7
4.94
a94
1.32
a77
a 19
a 12
ao6
1.28
2.36
2.72
84.67
a96
1.57
iai9
a 51
13.22
a 30
a 63
ao9
a 22
14. OS
a 40
8.32
1.65
11.57
1.70
a35
9.28
3.57
a 17
5.38
4.39
451.61
laoo
3ai5
158.26
6&53
38.17
9.19
147.79
2.06
2.77
1&05
a 34
11.70
1.03
13.65
2.04
0.47
2.25
aoe
5.73
14.51
11.46
44a 92
&26
25.35
180.83
28.42
47.70
9.05
149.40
2.94
6.43
456.45
86.97
396.74
753.58
127.03
134.93
15.25
2.53
974.72
24. eo
aes
iao5
a 31
iao2
1.34
12.72
1.87
0.43
&74
a33
5.95
9.97
7.95
44a 23
8.11
27.73
1®.64
4a 81
42.99
5.56
148.60
2.50
4.61
978.44
19.97
L59
AGRICCTLTURB.
As the principal pursnit of the Danish population is agricultnre, from which
some sixty per cent, receive its support, it may not he uninteresting to take a
closer view of this population and of the divisions of 4and.
The lands of Denmark are arranged acc6rding to a peculiar admeasurement,
called the " hardcom." This scale of registration of real estate was intro-
duced hy the celebrated mathematician Ole Boemer. The land was classified,
first, according to its actual area ; and, secondly, according to its quality, which
was toende hardcom. Two toendea of field land, or 28,000 square ells, of
the best kind were calculated as one toende hardcom of the next class. Three
toendes run were one toende hardcom, &c., &c. The poorer the land was the
more toende of real land was required to make a toende hardcom. In many
places it took 16 to 20 ^endes of land to make a toende hardcom.
The scale has latel^een changed, but the poinciple and the term hardcorn
^ve been changed.
The hardcom is calculated now from the .productions of the land. Every
field is registered with its ftal value and with a number denoting its product-
iveness. The number 24 denotes the best land, and 0 the poorest. It is this
union of area and productiveness which % taxed according to the scale of 24,
equal to one toende hardcom. The area of this is 72,000 square ells, or 0.5|
toendes of land, so that the number of toendes area to make a toende hardcom
varies. In the poorest part of Jutland often as many as 45 to 90 tonedes of
land are required. Where the land is of fair condition it takes about 11
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DANISH DOMINIONS. ^ 293
toendes. If a pereon knew the nnmber of toendes of land and the number of
toendes hardcom, the quality and value of the farm are at once established.
One toende of land area is 5,600 square feet
From the foregoing explanation of the meaning of the word hardcom the
following statistics will be easily understood.
Of the hardcom 6,770 toendes fall upon the city lands, and 368,299 toendes
in the rural districts proper.
The farmers are generally divided into three classes, acdbrding to hardcom,
viz:
Houses or small farms with less than one toende hardcom.
Farms between one and twelve toendes hardcom, and then the larger farms or
estates called manors with more than twelve toendes hardcom, or 1,754 manors
with a total of 50,111 toendes hardcom ; 69,094 farms with a total of 278,528
toendefl hardcom; 136,925 houses with a total of 13,532 toendes hardcom ; lots
taxed, without buildings, 5,122 toendes hardcom.
Of lace years the lands of the larger estates have been to a considerable ex-
tent parcelled out and leaseholds sold to the occupants, so that houses with less
than one toende hardcom have increased from 108,182 in 1850, to 136,925 in
1860. This has also been the case with second-class farms, one to twelve
toendes hardcom; increasing from 66,844 in 1850 to 69,094 in 1860.
Of the 1,754 manors of over twelve toendes hardcom there were in 1860, 945
with from 12 to 20 toendes hardcom, containing 14,021 toendes hardcom ; 308
with from 20 to 30 toendes hardcom, containing 7,517 toendes hardc^; 501
with over 30 toendes hardcom, containing 28,580 toendes hardcom.
Of the farmers occupying from one to twelVe toendes hardcom the larger
number are proprietors; and of those holding more than four toendes hard-
eoiii, more than one-half are proprietors.
There were 69,094 fiums having one to 12 toendes hardcom, (exclusive of
the islands of Bomholm and Oroe») viz:
4,022 with from 12 to 8 toendes hardcom, 34,451 toendes hardcom ; 27,074
with from 8 to 4 toendes hardcom, 155,081 toendes hardcom; 20,618 with
from 4 to 2 toendes hardcom, 60,755 toendes hardcom ; 17,380 with from 2 to
1 toendes hardcom, 25,241 toendes hardcom.
Of these there were 48,509 proprietors with 175,562 toendes hardcom;
5,794, with 27,243 toendes hardcom, were held by hereditary leases, with the
privilege to sell and mortgage— iif fact, proprietary ; 404, with 2,312 toendes
hardcom, were held by hereditary leases without these privileges, and 14,387,
with 73,411 toendes hardcom, were still leasehold farms. To form an opinion
of the area of land held by each of the above classes I will state that 12 to 8
toendes hardcom are about equal to 90 to 45 toendes land ; 4 to 2 toendes
hardcom are about equal to 45 to 22 toendes land; 2 to 1 toendes hardcom are
aboat equal to 22 to II toendes land; and 15 of our acres are equal to 11
toendes of knd.
The house-holders or small farmers, owners of less than one toende of land,
form a very important part of the Danish population. They numbered in 1860
136,929, holding 34,531 toendes hardcom, divided as fellows :
59,305, possessing from 1 to ^ toendes hardcom, equal to 30,168 toendes hard-
com ; 48,604 possessing under ^ toAides hardcom, equal to 4,363 toendes harcb>
corn; 29^16 possessing no hardcom.
Two-fifths of the house-holders or small formers hold sufficient land for self-
support ; one-quarter live principally^as day-laborers ; one-third are exclusively
dependant on day labor, except in cases where they are mechanics or fishermen.
The most of the proprietors have from 3^ to 5} toendes of land. The
smaller holders generally possess about 3^ toendes; 88^505 (64.6 per cent.) of
these were proprietors, with 23,431 toendes hardcom, or who held hereditary
leajses with the privilege to sell and mortgage; 48,424, (35.4 per cent])
Jigitized by VjjOOV IC
294
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
with 11,000 toendes hardcorn, were lease-holders or tenants. The nnmber of
proprietors are increasing rery fast, and as the householders seem to prosper
more than thej did in their former condition of tenants, eveiy one u striTing
to be the proprietor of the ^mall parcel of land he is tilling.
Ownership creates more energj and indnstrj, also greater self-respect and
intelligence. Some fear evils from this parcelling ont of the land among such
small proprietors, but so far it has been of great benefit to the laboring agricak*
tarists and to all parties.
Since foreed labor and all restrictions on industry hare been abolished in Den-
mai'k the country has greatly advanced in prosperity, the laborer being now
permitted to work for whom he pleases. His pay is better, and the condition
and family is also greatly improred. The large estate owners, like our sonthem
planters, hare been rather reluctant to part with the hold they had upon the
laborers, but now a few of them hare come up boldly to the wwk and changed
their lease-hold occupants into proprietors; and this process is going on rapidly
throughout the whole of Denmark.
The tillers of the soil, and the large class of householders, who, but a few
years ago, had not the least influence in the political affairs of Denmark, may
now be considered a most influential class, their influence increasing with their
intelligence and prosperity ; and though so lately broken away from the tbnddom
of ages, they bia fair to become the strongest supporters and guardians of con-
stitutional liberty.
Statement shaving the number of toendes of land m Denmark and it$ doMifica-
tion.
Intheisi-
ands.
In JmUand.
Field Imcls
Toendes.
1,909,824^
Toemdes.
2,675,608
19,894
Marsh lands
Wet mutdows and iwat bors . ... .... ...... .... .... -... ......
69,639
188^998
99,470
19, 8M
99,841
387,933
Woodi
89,523
Roads and biiildin?s -.
179,046
Heaths
1,094,170
49,735
109,417
Lakes and ponds .% »
Clitter , r ."...^.
Total
2,317,661
4,605,411
Total toendes of land in the country, 6,923,06!^
The proportion of cultivated to uneiikivated lands is 1:4, 15. In Jntfaod,
wheie the great heath plains are found, the proportion is 1 : 11, 05b Notwith-
standing the great improyements in agriculture within the last fifteen or twenty
years, still there is great room for more, particulariy in the agricnltiiral inaple-
ments. Many American implements have, howeyer, already found their way
here. * ^ * Grain and cattle raising is the fbondatioQ of the wealth of
Senmark, and the exportation is already v^y large.
The shipments of grain in 1863 were-»
Buckwheat ,. . f21 toendes (barrels.)
Barley 1,323,033
Peas 34.822
Oats 1,137,683 **
Wheat 373, 670
Malt 4,864
Digitized by V^OOQIC
DANISH DOMINIONS. 295
Bye 243,084 toendes (barrelfl.)
Vetch , 9,788
Groat 5, 809, 463 pounds.
Floiir, (of barley,) wheat, and potatoes 17, 184, 247 ' "
Bread 2,051,247 "
Bape-seed 57, 932 toendes (barrels.)
Oil-cakes * 7, 292, 012 pounds.
Batter 38, 862 toendes (barrels.)
Pork 2, 358, 979 pounds.
Meat 1,794,047 •*
Coarse wool 3, 140, 336 "
Fine wool 2,016,755 "
Animal bones 2, 686, 942 **
The ezpoitation of horses and live stock is very considerable. Formerlj
these exports were generally through the duchies, bat since their separation from
Denmark the live stock exportation has found a new direct channel from the
several Danish ports to England, the country which receives the principal part
of the agricultural products of Denmark.
The horses are sent generally to France and Germany, and not unfrequently
as far south as Italy. T^he Danish horse has held its reputation for centuries.
In Jutland a good-sized work-horse is raised. The horses of the islands are
smaller, but strong, well knit, and very spirited. * * ♦ In the Russia-France
war (1852) France alone bought 16,188 horses in Denmark, at the average price
of 225 rixdollars apiece. In 1853 the price rose to 285 up to 300 rixdoliars.
An estimate has been made that Denmark could export 50,000 horses in a month
and the loss not seriously felt by the agriculturists. The number of horses in
Denmark in 1860 were 324,550. Some 20,000 foals are raised in a year, which
gives this little country a large sitrplus for exportation.
The Danish cattle, as a whole, stands very high. The Jutland ox is always
in demand. The meat is of a very fine fiber, interlaid with fat, but seldom fit
for butchering till his fifth year. A Jutland ox will give about 6O0 to 700 pounds
of meat, 100 to 150 pounds of tallow, 40 to 80 pounds of hide. The Jutland cow
thrives well on meagre pastures, where other cows starve ; if removed to richer
pastures, she fails to give as much milk, but fattens at the same time. • • *
A full-grown Jutland cow will weigh about 800 pounds. ♦ * * The num-
ber of cattle in Denmark in4860 was : 563,095 cows ; 69,986 young cattle three
years and over ; 201,98i young cattle under three vears ; total, 834,175. The
number of calves is about 500,000 annually, one-fifth of which are kept for stock.
8HBEP.
Large flocks of sheep are seldom or ever met with, but every farmer has some.
In latter vears greater efforts have been made to improve the stock. In Jut-
land we and a peculiar breed of middle size ; weight about 90 pounds ; long-
leggc^ &nd & coarse, straight, but very close wool ; the stomach and neck with-
out any. This wool is well adapted for the manufacturing of strong, warm, and
coarse cloth. The number of sheep in Denmark was about 1,200,000 in 1838,
and in 1861, 1,751,950.
THE HOG.
•
The yearly product is some 165,000, and the amount of hogs kept is about
322,000. Ilog-raising is carried on on a large scale by a very few fanners in Jut^
land ; they generally fatten only enough for their own use.
The number«of live hogs exported in 1863 was only 5,502, but a larger num-
ber found, undoubtedly, their way to the duchies, which are not included in the
above. ^
Digitized by V^OOQIC
296 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The exportation of live stock, including Iiogs, has, however, largely increased
thepresent year direct to England. * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
The fisheries are carried on to a considerable extent amon^ the people on
the coast. The principal fish is the cod ; then come the flounder and herring.
The fisheries are not now so extensive as in the middle ages, when, according
to Saxo Gramaticus, the old Danish historian, the herring was found in such
numbers in the sound as to be caught by the hand. The salmon is found in the
streamlets of Jutland, and the saknon fisheries of the city of Banders have
greatly declined from their former reputation. At the small city of Middelfart,
in Funen, situated on the Little Belt, as also in the Isefiord, the porpoises are
taken in large numbers. In Jutland, near the city of Frederikshaven, and also
in the LUmfiorden, there are considerable oyster fisheries. * * * The cod,
the flounder, and the eel are exceedingly fine.
INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS
are but of limited extent in Denmark, agriculture claiming the greater number
of the laboring classes; that important article, "coal," is wanted. There are
but few manufactories of a laige size, the most prominent being cloth manufac-
turers and a few excellent paper-mills. There are foundries in Odensee, Co-
penhagen, and FrederiksvorK.
In Copenhagen there are excellent machine shops, and some fine iron steam-
boats have been turned out.
Shipbuilding is carried on to some extent in different parts of the country.
The snips are strong, of a fine model, and generally excellent sailers.
The manufacture of wooden shoes is of considerable importance in the wooded
districts of Jutland, as they are generally worn by the peasants and laboring
classes of Denmark.
Gloves are also largely manufactured, and of an excellent quality.
Another peculiar manufacture in Jutland is knitted woollen goods, in which
men as well as women are engaged.
In the town of Ronne, on the island of Bomholm, a superior kind of stone-
ware is manufactured. This town formerly excelled in the manufacture of
clocks, but American clocks have driven Bomholm clocks from the market
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS.
The situation of Denmark offers great facilities to commerce, and Hie Danish
merchant navy consists of more than 6,000 vessels, with a tonnage of 120,000
commercial lasts, every city and town of any importance having connexion
with the ocean. Copenhagen is the great commercial port of Denmark, but
there are many other thriving ports from which considerable products are ex-
ported direct to Great Britain and other countries.
Denmark has superior macadamized roads, which greatly facilitate interior
communication, but not satisfying the demands of the present times, a thorough
system of railways has been adopted, and to some extent the trunk roads have
been already completed through the islands of Sealand, Funen, and Jutland.
THE CITIES.
As this country is divided, the cities and villages are generally small. Sea-
land has Copenhagen, with a population of about 150,000, and is the commer-
cial emporium of Denmark. It is situated on the eastern part of the island, and
has a splendid harbor, and facilities for becoming the finest in Europe. Its
merchants have permitted the Baltic trade to slip from them, and but few show
that enterprise which the country has a right to expect. Government has, of
late, done much to reduce the burdens on trade. Last year it abolished all
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWEDEN. * 297
transit dntieB, and, as Copenhagen has an excellent warehouse system, it only
requires a little more energy in its merchants to retrieve much of their lost
gronud, while a new and enterprising set of traders is fast springing up.
The kings of Denmark have resided in Copenhagen ever since Christopher
of Bavaria removed the royal residence from Bo^skilde, in 1843; and, naturally,
everything from the country, both intellectual and material, is gathered here.
Elsinore, in the northern part of the islyid, has for many hundred years been
well known to foreign nations as the place where, formerly, they had to pay the
odious tax on shipping passing the Oere sound. * * A new and commodious
harbor has been built, and facilities provided for repairing vessels by building a
superior patent slip, or railway, which has proved of great benefit to foreign
shipping which seek the place for repairs. Its commercial marine also has been
largely augmented, and it owns now a greater tonnage than any other city in
Denmark, Copenhagen alone excepted. It has a population of about 7,000,
and is at the present time one of tne most thriving towns in Denmark. If the
plan of a new harbor, which has been proposed, be carried out, Elsinore may
well look for a brilliant future.
Fredericksvork is a small manufacturing town.
On the rich island of Funen we find the old city of Odensee and the towns
of Ayborg and Svendborg.
On the peninsula of Jutland are Aalborg, Aahuns, Randers, Ringkjobing, and
among many minor ones is the new but flourishing town of Silkeborg.
In the lesser islands there are many small towns.
The dwellifigs in the country are generally clustered into villages. The
older buildings are usually frame, filled in with brick-work. The new are
generally of brick. The roofs are, almost without exception, thatched. In the
several* districts the manner of building is different. Danish farm-houses are
built square, with a court in the centre ; one of the four sides is the dwelling ;
the other three form the out-houses, stables, &c.
The nobility of Denmark are now of little importance, as such. They lost
their privileges by the adoption of the constitution of 1849, and many of the
largest proprietors are transferring their lease-hold property to the farmers.
The church is the Evangelical Lutheran, which embraces the greater portion
of the population. By the constitution of 1849 religious liberty is established.
Education stands on a high footing. The common school system is very
liberal and extends to all clwes. The neglect of attending school is punished
by a fine. Her educational mstitntions are the pride of Denmark. England
and France are behind her in this respect. Great pains are taken to educate
good teachers, and there are many normal schools for that purpose. For the
higher educational branches, there are many institutions scattered through the
country.
The University of Copenhagen has a European reputation, and has a library
containing about 200,000 volumes, while the royal library contains 500,000.
Danish literature is particularly rich in whatever relates, to its national history,
although not very extended, on account of the limited prevalence of its lan-
guage.
Denmark contains many literary societies and scientific associations. * *
SWEDEN.
Stockholm — ^orgb Van A. Tefft, Consul.
Sbptbmbbr 21, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit herewith enclosure No. 1, a complete though an
abridged translation of the annual report of the Swedish board of trade relative
to the manufacturing industry of the kingdom in the year 1863. i^r ^r ^g ip
igi ize y g
298 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Enclosed No. 2 is a table showing the number employed and unemployed
manofactories, the number of manufactories propelled by animal, by water, and
by steam power, the' aggregate horse-power of the same, the number of machines
in use, and the total value of goods, wares, and merchandise produced in the
year 1863 ; and the number of manufactories, and the total value of the pro-
duction thereof, in the years 1860, 1861, and 1862. * * «
MANUFACTURE \ND INDUSTRY OP fHB KINGDOM OP 8WBDBN POR THB YEAR
1863, ABRIDGED PROM THB REPORT OP THB BOARD OP TRADE.
From the report of the royal board of trade (commerce coUegeum) it appears
that the number of factories, mills, &c., in the year 1863 was 2,473, with 27,982
work-people, and that the value of goods manufactured or otherwise produced
was 66,534,657 riksdaler, being less than the value of the goods manufactured
in 1861 and 1862 by 28,072,200 riksdaler and. 3,892,117 riksdaler respect-
ively. The number of manufactories had also decreased 131 in 1861, and 48
in 1862, and the number of hands 4,389 in 1861, and 2,743 in 1862. It also
appears, and should be observed, that in the years 1861 and 1862 the owners are
included in the number of hands, but in 1863 their number is separately stated.
The considerable reduction in the value of manufactured foods, signs of which
were visible in 1862, was, in 1863, to be attributed chiefly to tnediminished atfi^^T
in wool and cotton weaving factories, and in the cotton spinning mills, "ftking
however, into consideration that the diminution of goods manufacturefl in 1863,
as compared with the previous years, amounted in the manufacture of woollen
cloth to 2,013,667 riksdaler, in that of cotton goods to 2,894,580 riksdaler, and
in cotton yam to 5,468,742 riksdaler, making a total of 10,376,989 riksdaler,
it is evident that, the reduction in the value of manufactures in 1863 being only
3,892,117 riksdaler, the activity in the other branches of industry must have
been considerably greater than in 1862.
Among the branches of industry special notice may be given to the following:
1. Cotttm tpinntries, — ^The number of which was diminished from 21 in 1S62
to 11 in 1863. The value of goods manufactured, which in 1861 amounted to
13,345,157 riksdaler, and in 1862 to 8,383,938 riksdaler, was in 1863 only
2,915,190 riksdaler, of which 1,560,227 riksdaler fell to the share of the Ry-
dal, Alfors, and Nois spinneries.
2. Silk factoricM. — ^The value of goods produced in these had increased to
1,232,213 riksdaler.
3. Sugar refineries, — ^The produce of these had increased to 13,153,827 riks-
daler.
4. Tobacco manufactures, — ^The increase was 6,456,728 riksdaler.
5. Leather manufactories and tanneries, — ^They produced an increase of
4,809,016 riksdaler.
6. Oil mills, — These showed a still greater increase in the value of the pro-
duction, amounting to 1,754,698 riksdaler, or about 500,000 riksdaler more
than in 1862.
7. Soap manufactories. — The produce of these was increased to 1,458,384
riksdaler, which was also more than half a million greater than in 1862.
8. Mechanical and engineering establishmentsj'-^The production of which
increased to the value of 5,928,271 riksdaler, or upwards of 2,000,000 riks-
daler more than in 1862.
The following branches of manufacture also showed an increase on the pre-
vious year : ^
9. Paper mills, which produced a value of 2%57,S52 riksdaler.
10. China and delf ware manufactures amounted to 1,026,746 riksdaler, a
larger production than either of the previous five years.
11. Wateh manufactories, to the value of 468,813 riksdaler.
Digitized by
Google
SWEDEN.
299
12. Playing-card manufactories, to the valne of 163,125 riksdaler.
13. Paper hanging-manufactories, to 341)184 riksdaler, a great increase over
any previous year.
14. A new and promising branch of manufacture, viz., the manufacture of
wine from berries, was stated to have produced a value of 334,674 riksdaler.
During the year manufacturing was most active in Stockholm, the town of
Gateborg, (Gottnaburg,) and in the provinces of Gateborg, Nove Raping, Oster-
gatland, and Elfsborg. The proportional value of manufactures produced in the
city of Stockholm and the several provinces, including their towns and manu-
facturing villages, is shown in the following numerical table :
Value in Riks-
daler, M.B.
P«r ceDtiun.
City of Stockholm
Province and town of Gateborr
Do Ostergotland . . . .
Do Ellsbore
Do Walmdhos
Do... Sodennanland...
.Do.* Gefieborgs
*Do Stockholm
Do Jonkopinff
Do Wermland
Do Kalmar
Do Halland
Do Krorsbergs
Do Bleking
Do Orebro
Do Westmoreland ..
Do Skavaborg
Do Kristiansted
Do Kapparber g
D<|. Weetermoreland .
Do Upsala
Do Westerbotten..-.
Do Gotland
Do Jemtland
Do Novebotten
18;
13,
llr
3,
3,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
729,000
730,000
679,000
961,000
870,000
665,000
583,000
560,000
235,000
088,000
075,000
983,000
936,000
835,000
831,000
596,000
581,000
609,000
307,000
289,000
243,000
161,000
47,000
35,000
16,000
28.15
20.64
17.56
5.99
5.77
2.50
2.38
2.35
1.87
1.64
1.60
1.4S
1.40
1.25
1.25
.90
.88
.76
.46
.4$
.37
.24
.07
.05
.03
Total Talae in riksdaler, M. B .
66,534,000
100 per ct.
In ** domestic weaving" there was a decrease in the production of cotton good8»
so that in the province of Elfborg it had diminished to 19,001,412 fot* (feet)
firom somewhat more than 27,000,000 fot in 1862, and to 1,033,610 kerchiefs*
&c^ from 1,869,456 in 1862 ; whereas the manufacture of woollen and linen
goods rose, the former to 1,004,783 fot from 940,736 fot in 1862, and the latter
to 978,620 fot from 807,1 17 fot in 1862. In the province of Gelfleborg 3,351,500
fot of coarse Unen cloth were woven above the amount required for home con-
eumption, and more than in any previous year. In the province of Westmore-
land 1,550,000 fot of coarse and fine linen cloth were woven in both 1862 and
1863, which amount was considerably more than in- any year previous ; and in
the province of Halland 481,000 fot of linen and woollen goods were woven»
being somewhat less than in 1862.
The number of master mechanics, &c., male and female, in towiJis and boroughs
in 1863, was 7,629 ; journeymen, 8,209 ; apprentices, 8,357 ; and of other work-
people employed, 3,051; making a total of 27,246 persons, the largest number
daiing the laat five years. The number of the first- class was an increase on
* Fot, (foot.) 100 Swedish fot are equal to 97.410 EDf^lish feet.
• Digitized by V^OOQK:!
300 iflmUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
1862, bat less than in tbe previous yean ; tbat of jonrneymen tbe largest daring
the same period, and that of apprentices somewhat less than in 1862, bat larger
than in previoas years. In the workshops of the coantry there were engaged
1,725 males and females, (the largest in the last five years,) assisted by 547
loameymen, 1,010 apprentices, and 416 other working people, the whole namber
Doing 3,698 persons. To these mast be added 11,187 (so-called) "jobbers,*'
assisted by 4,652 persons, making together 15,839.
Of " self-maintainers," there were in towns and boronghs 7,191, and in the
coantry 7,597, making a total of 14,788.
The board of trade remarks that the namber of ''jobbers," with assistants, was
less by 4,442 than in 1862, while the namber of "self-maintaioers" in 1863
exceeded the namber of sach in 1862 by no less than 7,197, and considers that
the difference was cansed by a namber of the former class having gone over to,
or having been classed ander, the latter category.
REVIEW OF THE VARIOUS RRANCUES OF INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURES IN
1863.
1. Cloth mills. — ^The namber of these in operation was 96, employing 3,656
persons, viz : 63 masters, 3,083 work-people above and 510 below the age of 18
years. Of the former, 2,121 were males and 962 females, and of the lattev 389
males and 121 females. This namber, which was the largest daring the last
five years, exceeded that of 1 859 by aboat 1,000 persons, that of 1861 by nearly
600, and that of 1862 by upwards of 400 persons. The value of goods produced
was estimated at 9,557,280 riksdaler, being larger than that of 1859, when it
amounted to only 7,659,738 riksdaler, and that of 1860, but was less than that
of 1861 by about 616,000 riksdaler, and that of 1862 by 2,013,667 riksdaler.
The cause of this is to be attributed to the reduced manufacture of superfine and
fine cloth. The former decreased from 74,000 or 75,000 fot to about 64,000 fot,
and the latter from 830,000 fot or 840,000 fot to 128,259 lot; whereas the man-
ufacture of coarse cloth rose from 1,000,000 or 1,250,000, to which it amounted
in 1861 and 1862, to nearly 2,200,000 fot, aud that of miscellaneous stuffs from
1,100,000 fot (the average of 1861 and 1862) to nearly 1,450,000 fot in 1863,
although the value was 400,000 riksdaler less than in 1862.
The total production in 1863 amounted to 3,760,576 fot, and exceeded that of
1862 by nearly 900,000 fot, and that of 1860 by 1,000,000 fot. In addition to
the above, 21,447 pieces of stuff (such as kerchiefs, shawls. Sec) were manufac-
tured, being considerably more than double the same manufacture in 1861, and
quadruple that of 1859 and 1860.
The importation of woollen stuffs, which in the yeai^ 1859, 1860, and 1861
amounted to somewhat more than 1,000,000 skalpund,* arose in 1862 to nearly
1,235,000 skalpund, and in 1863 to nearly 1,290,000 skalpund. The home
manufacture, consequently, increased in proportion to the importation from abroad.
This importation, however, comprehends other stuffs than those manufactured
at cloth mills. <
Of these 96 cloth mills, there were 75 at work in the town of Novekoping,
employing 2,525 hands, and producing goods to the value of 7,298,674 riks-
dalers. The Quantity producea amounted to 2,799,129 fot, of which 1,670,419
fot were broadcloth, 592,255 fot were duffel and drab, 347,634 fot of ribbed
cloth, and 150,438 fot of cassimere and satin. The largest single production was
at the Drog Company 's mills, amounting in quantity to 308,278 fot, and in value
to 936,842 riksdaler.
* Skalpund, (pound or scale-poond;) 100 are equal to 93.7147 poos ds avoirdnpois.
• Digitized by LjOOQIC
SWEDEH.
301
The mannfactare of cloth was carried on in seven provincial towns and nine
places in the country, ;ind in Stockholm there were four mills, as shown in the
foUowing table:
Number.
Product.
Value.
Town of HalmstAd .........
2
2
Foi.
428,204
116,579
146,879
134,324
7,400
4,552
2,504
Piecei.
542
19,872
RiksdaUr.
885,500
425,994
Town of Stockholm
Town of Landskronft . . .... ...... ....
336,560
322,590
Town of WexioA
933
Town of Carlsbad...... .........
17,500
7,080
Town of NoTotilira ..................
Town of NvkoDinflP. .................
6,409
Number.
Product.
Value.
1
1
1
2
3
1
Fot.
72,488
14,326
10,835
14,000
9,056
300
Pieces.
Riludaler.
152,383
33,252
27,793
Pn>viwr,fl of Ontfirrotland ...........x.
ProTinoe of SkaraooTip. ..............
Pro-vinrA nf KrifttiAnjitMl
100
25,600
Province of ICalmaT . . - _ - . .
17,625
120
ProTincw of MAlmohnil ,-^^--,,t,t,t-
2. Whole and half woollen Huffs. — Of these there were 10, employing 516
hands, producing 2,259,399 fot ana38,983 pieces of stuff, amounting in value to
1,353,511 riksd^er, being the least produced during the last five years. This
manufacture amounted in 1859 to a value of 1,400,000 riksdaler; in 1860, to
1,500,000 riksdaler, was the highest in 1861, when it amounted to upwards of
1,900,000 riksdaler, but sank in 1862 to about 1,600,000 riksdaler.
The following table shows the number and situation of the above factories in
the kingdom and the amount and value of the production in 1863 :
Number.
Product.
Value.
Stockholm, city of . . .
Gotebnrg, town oL..,
Jonkoping, town of . .
Goteborg, proYince of
Elfaborg, province of.
Total
Fot.
3
1,657,074
2
30,510
1
22,100
2
542,215
2
7,200
10
2,259,099
Pieces.
28,246
10,737
Riksdaler.
673,080
206,756
7,020
384,554
82,101
38,983
1,353,511
3. Cotton weaving mills. — Of these there were 15 n operation, employing
1,222 hands, and producing in value 2,085,642 riksdaler. The largest mill was
Bydboholm, producing to tne value of 911,616 riksdaler. This branch of man-
nfturture had, from causes generally known, very considerably declined. In the
year 1860 the cotton goods manufactured amounted to nearly 4,500,000 riksdaler
in value, in 1861 to nearly 5,500,000, and in 1862 to about 5,000,000 of riks-
daler. In the mean time the number of hands had not declined in the same
proportion, but was, very strangely, larger than in 1862, although it was between
400 and 500 less than in 1861. Cotton goods were exported to the value of
75,000 riksdaler, and were imported to the value of 2,263,662 riksdaler, while the
importation in 1862 amounted to 3,500,000 riksdaler. Digitized by V^OOQIC!
302
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
4. Linen cloth factories, — ^This brancb of manufacture had been continuallj
increasing during the last five years, and its product iit 1863 was valued at
242,488 riksdaler.
The following table shows the number and situation of these factories, and
the amount and value of goods manufactured in 1863 :
Nnmber.
Product.
Value.
i
JonkoDinfir. town of..
1
1
1
Fof.
8,624
2,253
624,800
Pitus,
n%k$daler.
9,864
Orebro. town of. ...... ...... .... ....
1,613
Gateborg, province of, Almedars factory.
6,248
231,011
Total
3
635,677
6,346
242,488
5. Sail and tent cloth manufactories, — Of these there were 5, employing
238 hands. The quantity of goods manufactured was stated at 1,300,512 fot,
and was valued at 452,162 riksdaler. This production was larger than in 1862,
but less than in 1861. The quantity of this article imported was estimated at
a value of 124,550 riksdaler.
6. Hose manufactories, — Of these 17, employing 743 hands, were run during
the year 1863. The situation of these manufactoriies, and the amount and value
of goods produced in 1863, may be seen in the following table :
Novekoping
Stockholm .
Gateborg...
Malmo
Aligras
Sandsvall . .
Linkoping..
Upsala
Total
Numb^.
2
7»
2
1
1
1
2
1
17
Product.
Fot,
120,832
64,241
23,328
25,620
!,572
200
236,319
Pieces.
'117,826
70,118
1,440
612
310
36
190,342
Yalne.
RiksdoUr.
264,229
188,077
32,350
27,785
3,920
1,800
5.34
100
518,786
* BeBldes tho quantities giren in the table, 1,580 fot and 7,700 pounds were prodoeed here.
7. Ropewalks, — Of these there were 16, with 159 work-people. Their pro-
ducts amounted to 346,528 riksdaler, which sum exceeds the value of the pro-
ducts of 1862 by about 35,000 riksdaler.
8. Woolen yam spinneries, — Of these there were 17, with 140 spinners and
work-people. The goods manufactured were valued at 140,297 riksdaler, the
amount being 262,541 skalpund. During the previous four or five years the
production of these spinneries amounted to only about 8,000 riksdaler per an-
num. Of twist and woollen yarn, there were imported to the value of 1,229,047
riksdaler ; of wool, 3,487,788 skalpund were imported, being about 770,000
skalpund more than in 1862, 300,000 skalpund more than in 1861, and 940,000
skalpund more than in 1860.
9. Cotton yam spinneries. — The number of these had decreased from
21, to which they amounted in 1862, to 11, and in th^se 1,448 hands were
employed. About 1,636,178 skalpund of yam were manufactured, amount-
ing in value to 2,915,196 riksdaler, being 5,468,742 riksdaler less than
in 1362, when the quantity produced amounted to 7,000,000 skalpund.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWEDEN. 303
In 1860 and 1861 the quantities amounted to upwards of 14,700,000
Und 14,800»000 skalpCind, respectively. About 4,000 bands were then em-
ployed in these spinneries, and in 1862 onlj 3,750. The cause of this
great reduction is uuiversallj known. Of cotton, 1,709,707 skalpund were
imDorted in 1863, about 3,000,000 skalpund in 1862, 18,000,000 in 1861,
and upwards of 19,000,00e skalpund in 1860. Of cotton yarp, 372,500
skalpund were exported, and 506,590 skalpund were imported in 1863. Of
cotton thread, 56,041 skalpund were imported.
10. The linen yam spinneries of '' Almdal," employing 131 hands, produced
305,456 skalpund of linen yarn, of the value of 404,239 riksdaler, being about
63,300 riksdialer more than that of 1862. Of linen yarn and thread, about
35,000 skalpund were imported, and about 4,700 centners* of uncarded flax.
11. Silk factories, — rThere are six silk factories, all of which are in Stock-
holm. In these, 517 hands are employed, and the quantity of silk goods
pnxluced in 1863 amounted to 244,061 fot, and 166,753 pieces of whole
and half silk, of which the value was estimated at 1,232,217 riksdaler, or
208,879 riksdaler more than in 1862. In 1859, the value of goods manufac-
tured amounted to only 809,000 riksdaler, and in the two following years to about
930,000 riksdaler. Of the 517 persons engaged in these factories, (deducting
6 masters,) 43 were males, and 474 were females. Of the former, 1 was under
the age of eighteen, and of the latter, 57. Of whole and half silk stuffs, 78
skalpund, valued at 1,170 riksdaler, were exported, and 62,808 skalpund, valued
at 1,615,361 riksdaler, were imported. Of dyed silk, there were 5,232 skal-
pand, valued at 117,720 riksdaler, and of undyed, valued at 718,784 riksdaler,
imported. The importation of silk stuffs was a very little larger than in the
previous year, that of dyed silk somewhat less, and of undyed silk larger than
m 1862.
12. Manufactories of 9>tton prints. — ^There were 9 of these manufactories,
employing 59 hands, and the value of the manufactures was estimated at
117,333 riksdaler, or 13,500 riksdaler more than in 1862. At eight of these
manufactories 1,720,347 fot and 1,560 pieces were produced ; the produce of *
the ninth, situated in Stockholm, has not been stated. The quantity produced
in 1863 was greater, excepting 1860, than in any previous year.
13. Sugar refineries, — Of these we;^ 14, employing 1,273 hands. They re-
fined 29,557,511 skalpund sugar, and produced 7,011,824 skalpund of mo-
lasses, together amounting to the value of 13,153,827 riksdaler, being about
500,000 riksdaler more than in 1862, when again it was more than in the three
previous years. The number of hands employed was also larger than previously.
Of refined sugar, 42,000 skalpund were exported, but nearly 6,000,000 skal-
pund were imported, the value of which was 1,855,248 riksdaler. The im-
portation of molasses amounted to 3,427,000 skalpund, whereas the exporta-
tion of the same scarcely exceeded 7,000 skalpund, and that of unrefined sugar
to 37,518,054 skalpund, the largest during the last five years, with the excep-
tion of 1860, when it amounted to nearly 40,500,000 skalpund. The import-
ation of refined sugar has nearly doubled since 1859, when it amounted in value
to nearly 3,000,000 riksdaler. In the year 1861, however, it was estimated at
only about 2,400,000 riksdaler, and in 1862, 3,700,000 riksdaler. Large as it
was in 1863, it amounted only to about one-sixth of the quantity consumed in
the kingdom. *
14. Tobacco manufactories. — Of these, as in previous years, there were 93,
with 2,193 laborers. They had, however, increased their production to the
amount of 1,226,965 riksdaler. The total amount of 4obacco produced was
7,583,304 skalpund (which includes 4,763,333 skalpund of snuff) in 1861,
and in 1862 it was about 7,120,000 skalpund, and in 1859 and 1860 about
• Centners, i. e., cwt 100 centners = 93.7147 lbs. avoirdapois. '^ ^ ^ ^T^
JigitizedbyV^OOQlc
304 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
6,525,000 Bkalpnnd, on the average. There were 40,278 skalpond cigarSf
3,549,229 skalpnnd leaf tobacco, and 695,718 ekalpun^ mixed tobacco im-
ported in 1863, whereas the exportation of leaf and mixed tobacco amounted to
54,000 skalpnnd and 28,000 skalpnnd respectively. Of snnff, 10,058 skal-
pund were imported.
15. Dye houses. — Of these were 433, with 1,024 dyers j the value of the pro-
ducts was 1,214,747 riksdaler, somewhat less than in 1862. The principal
dye houses were : two at Novekoping, one at Boras, and one at the worls of the
Garlsrik Company, at Stockholm.
16. Tanneries,-^^ these there #ere 701, of which 202 were in towns, 40
in boroughs, and 458 in the countiy. They gave employment to 1,778 tanners,
and produced dyed hides to the value of 4,809,016 riksdaler, being 790,940
riksdaler more than in 1862, and 1,000,000 riksdaler more than in 1859. It
appears that the increased value should be attributed, in part, to higher prices,
as the quantity of hides and skins tanned had not materially increased. It
amounted in 1862 to 3,029,163 skalpnnd, and 397,535 pieces, and in 1863
to 2,741,301 skalpnnd, and 543,069 pieces. The amount of all kinds of
dressed hides and skins imported was 325,000 skalpnnd, and of raw hides
nearly 60,000 centners, from which, however, should be deducted an export of
about 4,600 centners. The value of dressed hides and skins was nearly 680,000
riksdaler, and of raw not quite 1,850,000 riksdaler.
17. Oil milU and presses. — Of these there were 5 in towns and 43 in the
country — 48 in all^-employing 208 work-people, and producing cannor'*' of oil
and 64,055 oil-cakes, total value being 1,754,698 riksdaler, being nearly 500,000
riksdaler more than in the previous year, and the largest quantity during the
last five years. Of the above, 738,200 riksdaler were produced in the province
of Gatebore. At one manufactory mustard oil was produced to the value of
1,414 riksdaler, and at three manufactories linseedtoil was produced to the
value of 17,000 riksdaler of olive, lamp, and other similar oils, 2,184,865 riks-
daler were imported, and of other kinds of oil 2,086,400 skalpnnd, amounting
together to more than 600,000 rixdaler. On the other hand, there were ex-
ported, in excess of the importation, (which was 4,200 centners,) upwards of
30,000 centner, amounting in value to upwards 150,000 riksdaler.
18. Soap boilers. — Of these, there were 15, producing 5,612,520 skalpnnd
of soft, and 545,620 skalpnnd and 36,316 bars of hard soap, amounting to-
gether to a value of 1,458,348 riksdaler, beiog upwards of 550,000 riksdaler
more than in 1862. The largest quantity was produced by 4 boilers in Stock-
holm which manufactured to the value of 968,700 riksdaler, being 340,000 riks-
daler more than in 1862. Soft soap was imported in excess of the quantity ex-
ported to the amount of 28,000 skalpund, and other kinds (except aromatic)
to nearly 66,000 skalpund, amounting to an aggregate value of 22,500 riks-
daler.
19. Stearine candle manufactories. — Of these, there were three at Stockholm
and one at Landsknona. They employed 149 work-people, of which 85 were fe-
males. They produced 780,190 skalpund of stearine, 132 skalpund of mar-
garine, and 67,000 skalpund of palmatine candles, making an aggregate of
979,190 skalpound of candles, valued at 700,000 riksdaler, about 192,000 rik&-
daler more than in 1862. The quantity had increased about 50 per centum.
The manufacture of stearine candjes had mcreased by 173,000 skalpund, and
of the two other kinds by 180,000 skalpund. The importation, too, had also
risen and amounted to nearly 220,000 skalpund of stearine candles, 6,656 skal-
pund less than in 1862, but more than in previous years were imported.
20. l^allow candle manufactories, — Of tnese there were 13, of which 6 were
in Stockholm, with only 66 work people. These manufactories, in spite of gas
•Canim (plural, cannor) 100 cannor = 57,603 imperial gallom.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWEDEN. . 305
and oil, bad very considerably increased in tbe amount of tbeir productions, viz.,
from 9,695 centner to 24,843 centner, and in value from 390,700 riksdaler to
994,255 riksdaler. Tbe importation, bowever, decreased from 18,500 skalpund
to 3,900 skalpund; tallow 45,627 centner, valued at nearly 1,600,000 riksdaler,
were imported, and was tbe largest importation during tbe last five years, or
about fifty per centum larger tban tbat of 1859, but exceeding only by 1,300
centner tbat of 1861.
21. Glass houses. — Of tbese tbere were 24, witb 1,087 blowers. Tbey pro-
duced 10,706 cases of window-glass, valued at 661,309 riksdaler, and miscel-
laneoas glass vessels to tbe value of 840,617 riksdaler, making an aggregate
of 1,501,926 riksdaler, being somewbat less tban in previous years, except
1859. Tbe greatest quantity of glass is produced in tbe province of Wermland,
▼here five bouses produce yearly to tbe value of about 269,510 riksdaler. Of
window-glass, 1,000,000 skalpund, valued at 160,000 riksdaler, and of otber
kinds of glass, about 1,450 centner, valued at 8,700,000 riksdaler, were im-
ported.
22. China and delftcare manufactories. — Of tbese tbere are but two in Swe-
den— one at Borstrand, near Stockbolm, and one at Gustafsberg. Tbe for-
mer employed 307 work-people, and produced to a value of 517,856 riksdaler;
and the latter employed 315 work-people, and produced to a value of 508,890
riksdaler, togetber making an aggregate value of production of 1,026,746 riks-
daler, being nearly 166,000 riksdaler more tban tbat of 1862. The imports
consisted chiefly of real china, gilt or colored, to tbe value of 219,000 riksdaler,
white china to tbe value of nearly 32,000 riksdaler, and delf ware, painted or
stamped, to tbe value of nearly 122,000 riksdaler. Of white delf ware tbere
were only about 40,000 riksdaler worth.
23. Potteries and tile-stove (kakelung) manufactories.— In 1863 tbere were
73 of these manufactories at work, being an increase in number since 1862 of 1 1.
The number of hands employed in tbese manufactories was 550, and tbe produce
was estimated at a value of 394,517 riksdaler, somewbat less tban in 1862.
24. Paper-mills. — Tbe number of such mills in the kingdom in 1863 was 87,
of which ^ye were not in operation. Tbe mills in operation produced 1 32 ris*
of imperial and royal paper; 39 ris of vellum paper ; 3,866 centner and 1,043 ris
of post paper; 3,872 centner and 23,548 ris of foolscap; 128 ris of copy-paper ;
12,175 centner of printing paper; 13,708 centner and 35,350 ris of cartridge
paper; 60 centner and 1,059 ris olifant paper; 5,533 centner and 19 rolls of
hanging paper; 487 ris of tobacco paper ; 1,613 centner of sugar paper ; 892 cent-
ner and 36,135 ris gr^ paper; 394 centner and 1,655 ris of hemp paper; 17,394
rolls and 200 centner of roofing paper; 2,000 pieces, 7,075 centner, and 1,380
pounds of pasteboard ; 3,521,930 square fot, 10,800 pieces, and 2,162 centner
of wall-paper ;, 40 ris of median paper; and 619 centner and 60 ris of grocers*
wrmpping-paper. In addition to the above, tbere wero manufactured at the
royal paper-mills at Tumba 4,750,500 blanks for bank-notes, and 1,573,050
blanks for stamps. Tbe total manufacturo was stated at— -
Specijied, — Square fot, 3,521,930; ris, 218,959; centner, 56,977; bhrnks,
63€®,019; rolls, 1,672; bundles, 1,380.
Unspecified, — Miscellaneous, valued at 716,868 riksdaler.
The value of the paper specified above was estimated at 2,857,852 riksdaler,
which makes an aggregate value of all Kinds of paper manufactured in 1863 of
3,574,720 riksdaler. The value of tbe production in 1863 exceeded that of
1862 by 77,886 riksdaler. Tbe largest single production was at tbe Homdal
mill, in the province of Gateborg, being in value 318,800 riksdaler. The num-
ber of hands employed in the above 82 mills was 1,678.
25. Playing-card manufactories, — Of tbese there were six at work, in ad-
*Bi8, (ream.)
^^^^ ' Digitized by Google
306 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
dition to lithographic establishments, manufacturing cards. The amount pro-
duced was 240,096 packs, the value of which was 163, 12*') riksdaler, an excess of
68,955 riksdaler on that of the previous year. This cimsiderable increase in the
manufacture of plajing-cards is attributed to the far firom inconsiderable ex-
portation which took place in 1863. The number of hands employed at the six
manufactories above mentioned was 43.
26. Paper-hanging manufactories — Of these there were 21 at work in 1863.
The total quantity produced was 26 rolls, corresponding to a value of 543,724
riksdaler. The number of working-people employed was 273.
27. Engineering and mechanical establishments. — Of these there were 95 aft
work in 1863, viz., 87 in towns and 8 in the country. Thi* total production was
valued at 5,928,271 riksdaler, and was 885,404 riksdaler in excess of the
value of the production in the previous year. The number of people engaged
in the above was 4,331. The largest single production was at the Motala works,
which was valued at 953,188 riksdaler.
28. Carriage manufactories. — Of these there were 23 at work. The total
production was valued at 204,592 riksdaler, which was 59.723 riksdaler less
than in 1862. The largest manufacture was at Sodertelje, amounting to 55,500
riksdaler. The number of hands employed was 265.
29. Technical chemical works — Of these there were 36, 29 in towns and 7 in
the country, ia operation in 1863. The total amount of production was valued
at 429,770 riksdaler, being 102,378 riksdaler more than in 1861. The num-
ber of work-people employed was 188. The above manufactories are such as
produce technical chemical preparations, colors, perfumes, and mineral waters,
(in the latter are included soda and seltzer water.) Considering the very large
consumption of these waters, the value stated above was unquestionably far
too low.
30. Match manufactories, — Of such there were 15 at work in 1863 ; three of
the older manufactories were unemployed. The total value of matches produced
at these manufactories in 1863 had increased since 1862 by 43,630 riksdaler,
and was stated at 468,513 riksdaler. The largest manufactory is at Jonkoping,
where matches to the value of 164,500 were produced. The exportation of
matches amounted to 457,177 riksdaler; there was also a very light importa-
tion. In the above manufactories 1 ,040 work-people were employed.
31. Conserving yeast manufactories. — These mannfiau^tones, 5 in number, and
employing 18 work-people, were all in the city of Stockholm. The amount of
yeast manufactured was stated at 201,316 skalpund, valued at 156,252 riks-
daler, being 20,592 riksdaler more than in 1862. ^
32. Starch manufactories. — In 1863 the amount of starch produced at the
six manufactories was 587,000 skalpund, valued at 181,119 riksdaler, which
value, compared with 1862, shows an increase of 33,202 ril^daler. These
manufactories gave employment to 33 hands.
33. Porter Breweries. — There are only two in Sweden, one in Gateborg, and
the other in Stockholm. The value of porter brewed at the former was stated
at 441,100 riksdaler, and at the latter 52,400 riksdaler, making a total value
of 493,500 riksdaler. The porter of Gateborg is far superior in quality to
that of Stockholm. The quantity produced at both places was 484,065
" hannor," and the number of men emp^yed was 60.
34. Chiccory manufactories. — At the seven manufactories 1,648,337 skalpund
of chiccory, valued at 219,977 riksdaler were produced, being 77,273 riksdaler
in value more than in 1862. The number of hands employed was 131.
35. Wine manufactories. — ^The quantity of wine produced in Sweden in 1863,
at the four manufactories, was 159,000 <*hannor," and the value was estimated
at 334,674 riksdaler. The number of persons engaged in wine-making in
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SWEDEN, 307
Sweden was 30. Tbe largest single production was that of the Stockhobn
manufactory, being 102,000 " hannor," worth 204,000 riksdaler.
36. Vinegar manufactories, — These manufactories, 15 in number, produced
vinegar to the amount of 879,484 '*hannor," valued at 104,967 riksdaler being
an iucrease on the value of the production of 1862, of 27,465 riksdaler. Those
manufactories gave employment to 27 work-people.
37. Cork manufactories. — Of these there were 10 at work. The amount
produced was stated at 181,409 gross, and the value at 101,783 riksdaler,
which, compared with 1862, shows an increase of 19,033 riksdaler. The num-
ber of workmen employed was 88.
38 Lithographic establishments. — ^Exclusive of ordinary lithographic presses,
of such there were only two in the kingdom. The value of goods produced
was stated at 141,260 riksdaler, and the number of workmen employed at 140.
39. Manufactories of musical instruments, — Of such therq were 1 1 in the
kingdom, but three were not in operation. The value of the manufactures of
the eight establishments was stated at 131,778 riksdaler, showing an increase
of 18,001 riksdaler over the previous year. The largest single manufactory was
at Qateborg, which producea to the value of 92,000 riksd^er The number of
workmen employed here was 57.
40. Miscellaneous manufcuitories.-^The number of these was stated at 511,
and fifty-two were not in operation. The number in 1862 was 638, although
the number is much less than in 1862, yet the value of their products was
347,550 riksdaler greater than in 1862, when it amounted to 1,147,887 riksdaler.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
308
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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SWEDEN.
311
A. W. Trestadius, Consul.
January 1, 1866.
Prom the report on the foreign trade of Sweden for the year 1864, just pub-
lished by the Royal Board of Commerce, I have made the following short ab-
stract, which may be of some interest to the commercial men of the United States.
The Swedish coin and weights are reduced into American, viz :
1 riksdaler is equal to 26 ^^ cents.
24 Swedish centner equal one ton.
120 Swedish pounds is equal to 100 pounds English*
TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES.
From the same causes that operated in the years 1862 and 1863, when no im-
portation of cotton from the United States took place, the value of imports there-
from during 1864 did not compare with that of the years previous to the war.
The value of these imports, which in 1861 was about $1,727,000, was reduced
in 1862 to about S43,/)45, and in 1863 to $23,923, but increased in 1864 to
S335,737. Of this amount of imports, three Swedish ships brought the value
of $20,428; one Russian, $101,606 ; one American, $7,527, and three other
foreign vessels, $106,176.
In the export trade to the United States there was greater vivacity ; the ex-
ports to that country, which in 1862 were estimated at about $291,110, and in
1863 at $316,915, amounted in 1864 to $658,829, chiefly caused by an increased
export of bar iron. The value of the shipping by ten Swedish vessels being
8171,225; by three Norwegian, $69,350; by five American, $73,113, and by
^ve British and one French, $345,139.
Comparative statement shoimng the description and amount of imports into Swe-
denjrom the United States during the years 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864.
Description.
1860.
1661.
1862.
1863.
18G4.
Tobacco leaf pounds . .
stems do ...
527,951
385, 157
13,668
1559
12,597
45,612
ft. ftft2. fl78
543,330
1,875,443
874
$4,495
9,117
3,293
6,199,609
1,679
57,512
63,668
205,895
42,888
Djewoods .--
$2,177
29,200
292,654
85H tons
Pepper pounds..
Turpentine oil do ...
11,046
131,940
Cotton - do ...
Coflfee do...'
850, 369
While the following
articles were put into bond :
Tobacco leaf
Pounds.
587.366
2.206,800
Pounds.
372,329
stems -^1 -r -^ -. -r
159,570
Coffee
1,215,911
Comparative exports
to the United States
in the same period :
Iron, chiefly bar
Steel
Tons.
13,872
12
Tons.
3,970
Tons.
4,871
Tons. Tons.
6,53:5 13,475
1 4
Besides, there were exported in 1864, 51^ tons of pitch and 127 tons of tar
* Jigitized by V^OOQK:!
312
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the number and tonnage of Swedish vesseb
cleared for the United States {exclusive of California) during the years 1860,
1861, 1S62, 1863, an^ 1864.
Years.
Prom Sweden
with carc^.
From foreign
ports with cargo.
In ballast.
Total.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
I860
8
6
7
10
10
1,354
900
1,362
1,654
1,940
12
27
19
38
38
2,600
5,338
2,298
6,596
6,806
5
e 13
5
2
1
1,038
3,272
1,040
438
24
25
46
31
50
49
4,492
9,510
4,708
8,688
8,770
1861
1862
1863
1864
Comparative statement showing the number and tonnage of Swedish vessels
arrived from the United States (exclusive of California) during the years
1860, 18G1, 1862, 1863, and 1864.
To Sweden.
To foreign ports.
1
ri^fi^i
Years.
With cargo.
With cargo.
In ballast.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
1860
6
5
1
1,002
854
144
14
36
33
45
45
2,912
7,546
5,072
8,108
8,340
1
6
370
1,334
21
47
34
46
49
4,284
9,734
5,216
8,206
8,966
1861
1862
1863
1
2
98
312
1864
2
314
In 1864 California was visited by only one Swedish vessel, of 384 tons, laden
with sundries from Hamburg.
Comparative statement showing the value of the imports and exports of Sweden
during the years 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864.
IMPORTS.
Years.
In Swedish vessels.
In foreign vessels.
Total.
1860
•
$11,686,080
14,025,177
13,925,721
13,694,284
12,979,008
$10,481,589
14,620,838
12,556,454
12,279,052
12,973,363
$22,167,669
28,646,015
26,482,175
25,973,336
25 952,371
1861
1862
1863
1864
EXPORTS.
1860.
1861 ,
1862 ,
1863.
1864 .
$11,787,148
9,300,480
9,924,096
10,204,454
10,163,328
$11,462,976
12,494,899
13,364,198
14,665,997
15,103,678
-digitized
$23,250,124
21,795,379
23,288,294
24,870,451
25,267,006
SWEDEN.
Statement — Continued.
313
Yeare.
Of the above there was in gold
and silver.
In merchandise.
Imports.
Exports.
Imports.
Exports.
I860
1814,464
87
472,034
139,333
342,593
(11,289
250,025
32,040
153,607
10,600
121,353,203
28,647,029
26,010,141
25,834,005
25,609,777
$23,238,835
21.545.354
1861
1862
23. 256. 253
1863
24,716,643
25,257,406
1864
The total value of imports and exports of Sweden, according to the above
statement, amounted in 1864 to $51,220,378, against $50,843,789 in the year
1863.
Comparing the values of imports and exports separately, it appears that, after
deducting the trade in precious metals, the value of the merchandise imported in
1864 was less than that of the previous year by about $224,179. But the ex-
ports in 1864 exceed those of 1863 by about $537,600.
It 18 worthy of notice that the exports of 1864, amounting to $25,267,200, are
the most considerable that have heen made next to the year 1855, when they
were estimated at $25,804,800 ; also, that the imports in 1864, of coined and
unwronght gold and silver, exceeded the exports of such metals by about
9331,993.
Of coals, a larger quantity was imported than during any previous year, viz :
16,513,817 cubic feet; exceeding that of 1863 by 929,478 cubic feet.
The importation of cotton, which in 1861 amounted to over 1 5,000,000 pounds,
fell off to 2,500,000 in 1862 in consequence of the American war, and in 1863
to 142,475 pounds, but increased in 1864 to 3,380,960 pounds, of which 246,547
pounds were re-exported. As during the two previous years there were no
direct imports from the United States, the principal amount was imported from
England. The importations of nndyed cotton yam, which, in 1863, was
390,492 pounds, or about one-half of the two previous years, was in 1864
458,706 pounds.
Comparative statement shamng the importations of tohacco into Stoeden during
the years 1863 and 1864.
Description.
In 1863.
In 1864.
Tobacco, leaf . .
Tobacco, btems.
Tobacco, cigars
2,957,691 pounds.
579,766 "
33,565 "
3, 249, 960 pounds.
1,216,073 "
30,732 "
There was a decline in the imports of dry hides from 25,677 hundred weight
in 1863, to 23,717 hundred weight in 1864, while the imports of salted hides
increased from 24,074 hundred weight in 1863, to 35,596 hundred weight in
1864.
The imports of wool declined fiom 2,906,240 pounds in 1863, to 2,050,388 in
1864.
Of sugar unrefined, there was imported in 1863 31,265,045 pounds, and of
molasses 2,856,254 nounds, but in 1862 only 27,506,733 pounds of raw sugar,
and 2,258,756 pounds of molasses. H r^f^i^if^
-^ Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
314
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The importation of pork in 1863 was 69,607 hundred weight, bnt only 35,004
hundred weight in 1864. This pork was chiefly imported from Great Britain,
but is thought to have been principally the product of the United States.
Of spirits there was imported the unusually large quantity of 948,718 pounds
alcohol, but in 1864 the importation amounted to only 64,135 pounds.
The other articles in which there was a decline are contained in the following
table:
Comparative table shounng the impartafiaru of sundry articles into Sweden
during the years 1863 and 1864.
Description.
1863.
1864.
"Wine, in casks pounds.
in bottles gallons .
Coffee pounds.
Rice do...
Tin do...
Turpentine do...
Cheese cwt ..
Butter do...
Tallow do...
2,911,608
2,584,907
43,J50
36,886
13,369,244
13.042,072
3,080,929
2,520.452
59,015
49,032
400,959
130,259
10,374
8,807
24,600
21,970
38,022
29,355
The following particulars may be observed with reference to the principal
articles exported in 1864:
With respect to the export of timber and lumber, the board of commerce has
altered the mode of calculating the quantities exported, so that no reliable com-
parison with the previous years can be made, but it is generally considered that
the exports of this kind exceed those of 1863. Of deals and boards the exports
amounted to 46,043,190 cubic feet, of which about half the quantity was shipped
to Great Britain ; and of beams and spars of larger sizes there were 10,964,171
cubic feet, of which 7,731,762 cubic feet were shipped to England.
Of pig iron the export in 1862 was 15,556 tons, but in 1863 it declined to
9,883 tons, and again increased in 1864 to 16,798 tons, the largest quantity ever
exported in any one year.
Of bar iron the export was in 1863, 90,678 tons, and in 1864, 94,478 tons.
The export of this article has never before been exceeded in any one year, ex-
cept in 1860, when it amounted to 95,674 tons.
Of steel the export in 1862 was 6,370 tons, but declined to 3,936 in 1863,
and again increased to 4,685 tons in 1864.
Of iron plates there were exported in 1863, 517 tons, and 779 in 1864.
Of copper there was exported in 1862, 1,284 tons, which quantity increased
in 1863 to 1,488 tons, but declined in 1864 to 1,373.*
Of tar the exports in 1863 were 16,496 tons, but in 1864 they declined to
6,599 ; and in the export of pitch, which in 1863 amounted to 820 tons, de-
clined to about 800 tons in 1864.
The quantity of oats exported in 1863 amounted to 9,847,367 cubic feet, and
in 1864 to 9,020,597 cubic feet ; of rye, the export declined from 166.977
cubic feet in 1863, to only 74,601 in 1864. On the contrary, the export of
wheat increased from 162,528 cubic feet in 1863, to 436,138 in 1864, and barley
and malt increased from 1,021,827 cubic feet in 1863, to 1,295,019 in 1864.
The total amount of ground and unground grain exported from Sweden in
1864 amounted to 10,894,413 cubic feet, exceeding by nearly 8,000,000 cubic
feet the importations of the same year.
The total amount of customs duties collected in 1864 amounted to $3,580,763,
which is $400,004 less dian in 1863.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWEDEN.
315
Comparative statement showing the amount of duties received on the principal
articles of imports into Sweden during the years 1864 and 1863.
DeflCTiption.
1864.
1863.
Snffar
Fabrics — cotton, silk, &c.
Coffee
Tobacco
Spirits
Wine
Salt
Hides and skins
Molasses
Fish
Glass g^oods
1916,877
$1,017,949
678, 182
722,803
420,672
432,255
380,890
307,507
236,544
290,842
146,765
166,656
59,136
55,104
48,115
45,427
29,050
36,825
26,342
29,299
24,998
30,642
Dbcbmbbr 31, 1865.
The exports from this port to the United States for the year ended this day con-
sist wholly of 39,051.85 centner of bar iron, of the value of 323,526.87 riksdaler.
GoTTBNBURG. — ^W. W. Thomas, Jr., Consul.
OCTOBBR 10, 1865.
* * * But two American vessels have visited Gottenburg during the year
just closed. One arrived with sugar from Matanzas, and sailed with deals for
Calais. The other brought salt from southern France and carried iron to Boston.
The months of February asii March, 1865, were remarkable throughout Europe
for the severity of the cold which prevailed. The 66ta, which generally flows
imvexed to the sea the entire year, was frozen over, and the harbor of the Got-
tenburg was closed with an ice blockade from February 8 till April 8, when a
channel was cut to the open Gattegat During the same period the sound be-
tween Sweden and Denmark was frequently impassable from the same cause.
At one period no mails could be transmitted for two weeks, and but for meagre
telegraphic details the whole kingdom of Sweden remained without intelligence
from the great world outside. A new business has sprung up at Gottenburg
during the year — ^the export of cattle into England. The weekly English steam-
ers have usually carried from this port 100 head of cattle, sheep, and hogs for
the London market. Owing to the prevailing cattle pest in England, this busi-
ness is at present very lucrative, returning sometimes a monthly profit of 33 per cint.
From the invoice book of this consulate, in which the amount and value of
all goods shipped from Gottenburg to the United States are kept, I extract the
following statistics :
Tabular statement showing the quantity and value of iron exported from Got-
tenburg to the United States for each quarter if the consular year ended Sep-
tember 30, 1865.
Quarter ended —
Qoantiiy.
Value.
December 31, 1864 tons
March 31, 1865 do.
June 30, 1865 do.
September 30, 1865 do.
Total
2,425 7 2 11
111 19 0 14
1,765 4 19
5,137- 8 2 10
$146,437 28
6,570 94
105,069 50
307,052 95
9,439 19 6 16
jigitized by ^
V^OPgl^
565,130 67
316
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
There were exported also, in the quarter ended June 30, 13 gallons brandy,
of tlie valae of $18 25, making the total value of the year's exports to the United
States $565,148 9;^.
Comparative tabular statement showing the amount and value of the iron ex-
ported, from Gottenhurg to the United States during the last three consular
years.
Year ended —
Qoantdty.
Value.
September 30, 1863..
September 30, 1864 .
September 30, 1865 .
tons.
........ do.. .
8,409 0 0 0
15,104 32 3
9,439 19 2 26
$390,621 55
893,052 32
565,130 67
Total
32,953 3 11
1,848,804 54
With the exception of a few parcels sent to Ban Francisco, all this iron was
shipped to New York and Boston.
Freights were, as usual, low in the spring, but advanced veiy considerably
during the summer, and remained firm throughout the autumn.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SWEDEN.
317
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Digitized by V^OOQlC
318
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement tkowing the nationality, number, and capacity of all veueU deared
at Gottenhurg for foreign ■port* during the year 1864.
Nationality.
Swedish
Norwe^an
British
French
Netherlands
Danish
German — Hanoverian ..
Prussian
Hambarff
Mecklenonrg
Belgian
United States ,
Russian, Finland
Portuguese
Total
23,717.42
18,010.64
21,203.95
6,007.92
4,197.66
1,944.52
690.37
272.20
485.97
92.89
108.20
1)22.43
171.65
73.93
1,701 77,872.12
* An ajlast is 4^ tons English.
Tahtdar statement showing the destination of the 1,701 vessels cleared from
Crottenhurg during the year 1864.
GreatBritain 751
Norway 274
France .
Denmark
Netherlands
United States
Spain
Belgium
Algiers
Brazil
Gape of Good Hope .
Russia
Italy ,
230
219
42
27
20
16
10
9
7
5
4
Australia
Africa
Portugal
Egypt
China
Unknown
Grermany — ^Prussia. . .
Hamburg.
Bremen . .
Lubec . . .
Hanover .
4
3
1
1
1
4
45
15
8
4
1
Total : 1,701
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SWEDEN.
319
Comparative statement showing the principal imports into Gottenhurg during
the years 1862, 1863, and 1864.
DeAcription.
Coffee Swedish poi
Cotton ao.
yam do.
Hides and skins
»nnd8*
stems
Herring tnnnst..
Salt Swedish cubic feett . .
7,437,599
2,127,071
428,618
2,416,031
18,229,670
1,186,907
22,114
106,318
790,534
1863.
6,351,662
1,635,227
375,268
2,948,290
15,974,946
882,743
33,604
98,895
631,190
1864.
4,3.39,594
2,988,973
426,863
3,331,658
15,833,012
1,755,:M0
371,384
77,570
726,715
* 100 Swedish pounds is equal to 93 pounds English.
t A tuni\ is four bushels English.
1 12/\r cubic feet is equal to eight bushels English.
It will be noticed that the importation of coffee has decreased from 7,437,599
pounds in 1862 to 4,339,594 in 1864. It must not be inferred, however, from these
ngores, that there has been any decrease in the demand or consumption of coffee,
as the contrary is the case. The small import of 1864 was entirely owing to
the excessive importations of former years. The stock of coffee on hand in Got-
tenburg December 31, 1863, was 3,288,907 pounds, while the stock on hand
December 31, 1864, was only 967,344 pounds. The consumption of coffee in
1864 was therefore more than 2,300,000 pounds over the importation.
The same is true in regard to sugar, the importation of which has fallen off
firom 18,229,670 pounds in 1862 to 15,833,012 in 1864, there being 6,112,754
pounds on hand December 31, 1862, and only 4,814,080 pounds December 31,
1864.
The import of tobacco stems, as well as that of hides and skins, is rapidly
increasing.
The cotton importation reached its minimum in 1863, and is now recovering,
the imports of 1864 being greater than those of 1863. The import of 1864 was,
however, less than 3,000,000 pounds, while the import of 1861 was upwards of
11,000,000.
Comparative statement showing the principal articles exported from Gottenhurg
during the years 1862, 1863, and 1864.
Description.
1862.
1863.
1864.
Iron
Deals ...
Oatfl
...t- centner..
dozens..
...cubic feet..
996,751.25
333,455
2,105,692
1,064,690.37
329,878
3,317,826
1,162,387.08
2,908,504
^ Cubic feet.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
320
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the quantities of iron exported from Gotlenburg
to various foreign countries during the year 1864.
i^ntiiff in
eenintn*
Great Britein 616,305.84
United States 308,107.10
France 70,7ia23
Germany 61,626.32
Western seaa 36,921.15
Denmark 30,871.89
Netherlands 18,406.05
Mediterranean ports 4,377
Belgium 3,414.35
Portugal 2,770.80
Brazil 2,677.15
Africa 2,160
Italy 801.65
Norway 926.05
Spain 303.60
Total 1.168,387.08
* A centner (100 pounds) equals 93 pounds English.
Deals, — One-half of all the deals exported was shipped to Great Britain, one-
fourth to France, and the remaining fourth principally to Spain, Algiers, Aus-
tralia, and Belgium.
Oa^.— Of the 2,908,504 cubic feet of oats exported in 1864, 2,863,396 cubic
feet went to England.
Statistics, — At the close of 1864 Gottenburg's merchant marine consisted of
124 vessels, of 11,222.94 aylaster capacity. During the year 3 vessels were
built, 12 bought, 4 lost, and 11 sold.
Statement showing the description, number of manufactories, and workmen em-
ployed, with annual value of products fabricated in Gottenburgf during the
year 1864.
Description.
0
is
•sf
•si
Cotton mills
Calico printing houses
Chemical bleachery
Dye houses
Earthenware manufactories .
Musical instrument do
Wall-paper do
Soap factory
Rope factories
Stocking do
Tanneries
Machine shops
Tobacco factories
Watch... .do
Cloth (woollen) factories
Other manufactories
Total.
2
3
1
7
1
3
4
1
5
2
2
8
18
8
7
29
101
136
2
1
26
29
35
66
4
33
42
12
146
408
11
342
414
JUksdaUr,^
41,414
11,176
1,647
36,000
27,895
96,000
108,393
124,800
127,973
32,350
44,158
&12,346
1,301,606
10,350
253,803
121,867
2,975,231
* 3^A riksdalers equal one United States dollar.
Note.— Twenty-two out of the 101 manafoctories are not
KOBWAT. 321
There are 640 merchants in Oottenburg — 618 men and 22 women. Of these
234 men and 3 women carry on wholesale, 306 men and 6 women retail busi-
ness, and 78 men and 3 women a mixed wholesale and retail business. Six
hundred and fiftj-one clerks are employed — 626 men and 25 women.
The mechanics' guild in Gottenburg embraces 391 persons, of whom 364 are
men and 27 women. These employ 599 apprentices, 441 pupils, and 207 other
workmen.
For 1863, the population of the city proper was 31,104; in 1864, 33,187.
If the suburb, Majoma, was included, the population would be 50,000.
Franklin K. Baxter, Consul.
Dbcbmbbr 31, 1865.
The exports from this port to the United States for the year ended this day
consist wholly of 3,069,133 centner bar iron, of the value of 181,836.07 riks-
daler.
NORWAY.
Bbrgbn — 0. E. Drbutzbrt, Gansul,
NOVBMBBR 22, 1865.
• • • The commerce of this city with Sweden has, during the year ended
September 30, 1865, been on the increase. Pickled herring has found a good
market with fair prices, and next after Russia, that country has consumed the
greatest quantity of spring herring, besides an unusual quantity of summer her-
ring and other fish products, of late years nearly nominal. The importation of
breadstuff's from there, particularly rye, has been more than usually active, of
which, next after Russia, it has furnished the greatest quantity. Although the
table of imports of breadstuff's herewith sent exhibits the quantity imported from
Sweden, it includes only what came by water and subject to import duty. Be-
sides this, there are large quantities brought overland and imported duty free.
It is a safe estimate to add at least 20 per cent, to the amount stated in the
table. The commerce with Russia has, during the year, been prosperous.
Spring herring were, in the early part of the season, forced upon and clogged
the market, but on the whole brought favorable prices. Summer herring have
done well. Dried codfish have not done as well as last year. The importation
of hemp has been less. The quantity of breadstuff's imported from that country
has greatly fallen offl Two small cargoes of rye have been recei\^d from Odessa
during the year. The importation of sail-cloth and other goods manufactured
from hemp or flax has almost entirely ceased and has been transferred to the
English market.
The exports of this city to Denmark have apparently been large, but the
actual consumption of fish products in that country has been comparatively
small. The exports of herring have not exceeded 10,000 barrels. The surplus
beyond consumption is transshipped to northern Germany. The imports from
that country, particularly of breadstuffs, have been large and mostly of barley,
of which, with the exception of rye, it furnishes larger quantities than any other
country. Denmark also furnishes large quantities of butter, pork, beef, brick,
and tiles. The separation of the duchies of Sleswig Holstein and Lunenburg
from Denmark has had great effect on Norwegian commerce, and has transferred
mnch of the trade of the former to Prussia, particularly the commerce with the
city of Altona. The export of cod-liver oil, which of all the Norwegian fish
' 21 c R
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
322 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
products takes the first place in importance, has its best and most reliable market
in Holland. This article has advanced in price, and is prepared with much
greater care than heretofore. Refineries for this article have been established
in different parts of the country, particularly at Aalesund. Northern Gennanj
supplies itself with this article through Holland, and the regular steamship lines
between thin city and Rotterdam facilitates the transportation.
For dried fish, consisting of the different species of the cod, Holland has also
the last year been the most important market.
As a market for pickled herring, Holland has also much advanced the last
year, but it will never become a very reliable market for this article unless the
Norwegians improve their method of curing, particularly the summer herriog,
which exceeds any other in quality and fine flavor, and will, if properly cured,
obtain higher prices in foreign markets than any other, not excepting Scotch or
Dutch.
The trade of this city with Belgium has improved during the past year, the
particular articles of export to that country being dried fish and cod-liver oil.
The commerce of this city with Italy has, during the past year, declined.
All the fish products exported to ihe Mediterranean have been shipped to
Messina and Genoa, with the exception of a small cargo of dried fish to Venice.
For the present, the prospect for Italian trade is gloomy.
This year there has been no direct trade with Austria.
The commerce of this city with Spain has much improved, it having been the
best market for codfish, which brought a high price, Bilbao being the principal
market [for that article. Spain as a market for cod-liver oil has somewhat im-
proved. Imports from Spain have been quite limited, consisting of a trifling
quantity of salt, fruit, and wine. The railway from Santander to Chinchilla has
been nearly completed, and has no doubt contributed in improving the markets
for Norwegian products, though the anticipated grain trade did not turn out as
well as expected from the opening of the railway to the interior. As yet not
one bushel has been importt^d from Spain, and it is said that Spain will find a
profitable market for all her surplus in her West India colonies.
Trade with Portugal was, as heretofore, very limited in extent. Exports to
that country during the year consisted of a few cargoes of codfish. The reason
of this is said to be that the fish trade of that country is monopolized by one or
two very large British mercantile establishments, importing exclusively the article
from Newfoundland, and the Spanish railway has not proved beneficial to the
fish trade of Portugal, as expected.
The commerce of this city with France, although of great importance to the
southern portion of this country for its timber products, is for the fish products
of the north and west of but little value. The article for which France is the
exclusive market is spawn, which is used as bait for sardine fishing. The total
value of this export for the present year is $165,900. The only other fish
products shipped to that country are trifling quabtities of cod-liver oil and
dried fish.
The treaties of commerce and navigation concluded by Sweden and Norway
with France, however beneficial to Sweden and the portion of this country which
exports large quantities of timber, as yet has had no visible effect upon the fish
market, and these treaties, now the law of France, have in no way interfered
with the extraordinary protection afforded to the French fisheries, and until this
is modified no hope can be entertained of finding any profitable market in that
country for Norwegian fish products.
The importation of salt from France has been very limited ; of wines and
fruits the usual quantities have been imported ; of spirits the import has been
less than that of last year, which is owing to ttie change in the tariff of import
duties.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
NORWAY. 323
No bread8tu£& of any kind have been imported from France, except a very
trifling quantity of wheat fionr.
Great Britain having an abundant supply of fish on her own coasts, furnishes
an unimportant market for Norwegian fish products. But during the last year,
on account of the partial failure of the English and Scotch fisheiies, Norwegian
fish products have found a better market than usual in that country. Salmon
and lobsters in the market of this city have been purchased by English buyers
at high prices. Besides fish products, the exports of this city to Great Britain
consists of old rope and iron ore and pyrites. Of the shipments, the latter
have been more than usually large. The mining of this mineral in this country
is made by British capital, or is under control of British capitalists.
At the present time a mania for prospecting exists in this country. Every
mountain is being examined, and sometimes with success. Several mines of
iron and pyrites have been sold, and the people chensh the hope that some of the
mountains of Norway will yet prove a source of national wealth, and will tend
to bring capital into this country. The poor peasant is neglecting his farm, and
spending all he possesses in prospecting ; and if any one succeeds, he is so re-
duced in means that he is forced to sell his discoveries for a small pittance.
Steam communication with Hull is a great advantage to this city, and great
quantities of English manufactured goods have been imported. Manufacturing
and steam navigation being steadily on the increase, the importation of coals
becomes heavier every year, particularly in this portion of the country where
firewood is becoming scarce. Bar and pig iron are also being imported in lai-ge
quantities, and, upon the whole, commerce with Great Britain is assuming con-
siderable importance.
Trade with Scotland particularly has the past year been of some importance
for fish products, and unusual quantities of herring have been exported to that
country owing to the unfavorable result of the Scotch herring fisheries of last
spring. Of the imports from Scotland the only article worth mentioning is
sail-cloth, of which it had furnished the greater portion used. Some pickled her-
ring have been exported to Ireland, and found an excellent market, and hopes
are entertained that this cheap article will in future find there an increasing de-
mand in. that country.
The commerce of this city with Hamburg and Altona has, during the last
year, been rising in importance, and next to Holland the largest market for cod-
liver oil, and for all the skins and furs exported from this city. Bergen having
once been a Hanseatic town, established centuries ago commercial copnexious
of each stability with those cities that even the crisis of 1857 did not in any
way shake her confidence. The geographical situation of the railway connexions
with central Germany, and the steamship lines making regular weekly trips
along the coast of Norway from Hammerfest to Hamburg, have so facilitated
transportation that great portions of German manufactured goods are imported
from those cities, always making them reliable markets, and the most important
exchange market for this city and the whole of Norwav.
The Prussian Baltic ports are the most reliable markets for summer herring,
and were particularly so the past year, owing to the scarcity of Scotch herring.
The greatest portion of the rye imported into Bergen has been from Koningsburg
and Stetten.
The direct trade of this city with the United States the past year has been
unimportant; a small quantity only of pickled herring and anchovies having
been exported direct to the city of Chicago. But the direct trade with t|iat city,
which promised so fair in 1862-'63, has been discontinued, but I hope only for
the present. The principal cause is that the only articles of export from this
chy are fish products, and against the importation of these articles into the
Unit^ Sutes there are many obstacles; but as I consider this trade of im^ort-
ance, I cannot forbear again to urge, so far as the power of the United States,
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
324 ANNTTAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
their removal. The law regalating the carrying of passengers, passed by the
Norwegian storthing in 1863, prohibits pickled herring being carried in vessels
conveying passengers to countries oatside of Europe, except in double tight
casks, and codfish in tight boxes, a regulation which has had the effect of mak-
ing such shipments of fish impracticable, as it renders the article too high for
the American market. It was designed to protect passengers from disease aris-
ing from the odor of fish. But in 1863, a distinguished physician of this city,
who had taken passage on a vessel bound to Chicago with a load of herring and
dried fish, afterwards published an article in the Christiana Afteit blade, headed
" Leprosy among the r^orwegians in America." The object of his going was
to ascertain the effect of fish odor upon the health of passengers, and the stor-
thing (now in session) it is hoped wul change the law. The enactment of a
passenger law was much needed ; ships often taking a greater number of pas-
sengers than could be accommodated, and in several instances of long passages
causing great suffering, and inducing ship fever and other maladies. But this
was not caused by pickled herring; on the contrary, vessels going up the
lakes thus partially loaded with fish products, notwithstanding the long voy-
ages, were generally healthy.
I have before suggested that the high duty on herring and fish products im-
ported into the United States should be reduced. I know of no European
country, except Norway, exporting fish to the United States. A little compe-
tition has always proved of more advantage to the general result than drawbacks.
What benefit would accrue to balance the sacrifice of this trade of Norway ?
Several American products, such as pork, beef, &c., are imported into Norway
duty free, but not with a view to solicit reciprocity. Though the advantage to
the United States would be trifling, still, the grain trade of Norway is of im-
portance. The importation of breadstuffd into Norway from foreign countries in
the year 1864, (though the harvest of that year was a fair average,) was 5,28«5,592
bushels, including large quantities of flour ; and this trade is on the increase
every year. By finding market for Norwegian fish products, a large propor-
tion of the grain trade might be secured to the United States, and with it Ameri-
can hops, pork» and manufactured goods might find profitable markets in Norway.
The physical barrier to the agriculture of this country will ever make i^ neces-
sary to import the greater p^ortion of its breadstuffs.
There is another advantage connected with the direct trade between Norway
and the United States, viz., its tendency to encourage emigration to the west,
which has been fully and satisfactorily demonstrated by experience in the voy-
ages direct from this city to Chicago. There was an interchange of friendly
intercourse between families. Friends visited friends, and returned in the same
vessel at a moderate expense, and, satisfied with the benefits derived from emi-
grating, they sold out their property in this country and emigrated the following
spring. Persons, too, residing in the west had an opportunity of sending some
of the products of their industry to their friends in Norway.
I have used every influence to encourage direct trade to the United States,
and that upon the great lakes of the west it can be made profitable has been
sufficiently demonstrated. The increasing wealth of the west, the extraordinary
fertility of soil in the Mississippi valley, and the transport of its products, will
soon demand the building of a ship canal on the American side, connecting the
great inland seas with the waters of the ocean ; and then the ports of the lakes
will be crowded with foreign shipping.
In view of the foregoing, I think the experiment of remitting, or at least re-
ducing, the duty on fish products is worthy of a fair trial, as government can
lose nothing by it.
Breadstuffs the past year have been extraordinarily high in the United States,
and fluctuations of exchange have contributed to discourage the direct trade.
But since that country has been again favored with an abundant harvest, and
internal peace restored, the obstacles last mentioned will disappear, 8
NORWAY. 325
BMIGRATION.
Emigration from this consular district has been as large as conlrl well be ex-
pected, considering the opposition which it has to encounter from the public
journals.
The number of emigrants embarked for the United States direct during the
year, in my consular district, was 2,285, which is 0 33 per cent, of the whole
population.
The international fishery exhibition was opened in this citj on the 8th of
August last, and was closed on September 30, the result of which it is hoped may
prove beneficial to the fisheries, and improve the curing of the fish products.
The articles on exhibition were arranged in classes as follows : -
Class A consisted of mammiferous and lower order of marine animals, subject
to commerce, or used as bait, stuffed, or preserved in alcohol. This collection
excited particular interest, numbering 179 specimens, contributed bv the follow-
ing countries, viz: Norway, 171 ; Sweden, 5; Russia, 2; Ejgpt, 1.
Class B. — Pickled fish and parts of fish, numbering 233, contributed by Nor-
way, 158 ; Sweden, 17 ; Netherlands, 37 ; Russia, 20 ; France, 2 ; Prussia, 1.
Class C. — Salted, smoked, and in other manner preserved fish, numbering
291, contributed by Norway, 244 ; Sweden, 13 ; Denmark, 2 ; Netherlands, 4 ;
Russia, 25 ; Austria, 1, (herring, from the Adriatic ;) Italy, 1 ; United States,
1 ; Tunis, 1.
Class D. — Fish products used in agriculture or manufactures, numbering 132,
contributed by Norway, 121 ; Denmark, 5 ; Netherlands, 12 ; Austria, 1.
Class E — Implements used for curing fish products, contributed by Norway,
15; Sweden, 8 ; Netherlands, 1 ; France. 1 ; Russia, J.
Class F. — Models and drawings of buildings and apparatus, wherein and
whereby fish products are cured and prepared, numbering 38, contributed by
Norway, 29 ; Netherlands, 5 ; Russia, 1 ; Great Britain, 1 ; Prussia, 2.
Class G. — Articles used in preserving fish products, numbering 32, contributed
by Norway, 21 ; France, 2; Russia, 5; Austria, 4.
Class H. — Articles used in baling fish products for shipment, numbering 159,
contributed by Norway, 119; Netherlands, 28; Sweden, 5; France, 6; Rus-
sia, 1.
Class 1. — Fishing boats, numbering 29, contribu^d all by Norway.
Class K, — Models and drawings of fishing vessels and boats, numbering (i5 ;
by Norway, 49 ; Sweden, 2 ; Denmark, 1 ; Netherlands, 3 ; Great Britain, 11 ;
Russia, 1 ; France, 2.
Class L, — ^Articles used in furnishing and rigging fishing vessels and boats,
nmnbering 237, contributed by Norway, 91 ; Sweden, 46 ; Netherlands, 62 ;
Great Britain, 30 ; France, 9.
Class M. — Materials from which fishing utensils and implements are manu-
fiictnred, numbering 16, contributed by Norway, 5 ; Netherlands, 8 ; Russia, 2.
Class N. — Fishing nets and seines, and what belongs thereto ; also thread
and yam from which nets and seines are manufactured, numbering 662 ; whereof
Norway contributed 268^; Sweden, 128 ; Denmark, 5 ; Netherlands, 189 ; Great
Britain, 66; Russia, 19 ; Prussia, 15.
Class O. — Fishing tackle and lines, fishhooks, including all belonging to line
fishing, numbering 394, contributed by Norway, 168; Sweden, 92 ; Netherlands,
20 ; Great Britain, 44 ; France* 1 ; Russia, 2 ; Bavaria, 64 ; Hamburg, 2 ;
Spain, 1.
Gfus P. — Implements used in what is termed basket-fishing, numbering 48»
contributed by Norway, 20 ; Sweden, 13 ; Netherlands, 13 ; Great Britain, 1 ;;
Pmssia, I.
Class Q, — All other kinds of fishing implements not included in any of the
foregoing classes, numbering 67, contributed by Norway, 22; Sweden, IL;
NctherkndB, 23 ; Bavaria. 1. ^g,^^, .^ ^OOgie
326 ANNUAL KEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
ClaM R. — Stuffs used for the preservation of fishing implements, numbering
10, contributed by Norway, 5 ; Netherlands, 3 ; Great Britain, 1 ; Russia, 1.
Class S. — Artificial fishing bait, also stuffs and materials used in roanofac-
tui-ing the same, numbering 14, contributed by Norway, 9; Prussia, 1; BaTaria,
2 ; Netherlands, 2.
Class T. — Implements and models of implements used in artificial hatching
of fish eggs, numbering 8, all from Norway.
Class U. — Models of fishing huts, samples of clothing and provisions used in
the fisheries, numbering 103, contributed by Norway, 58 ; Sweden, 18 ; Nether-
lands, 9 ; Great Britain, 13 ; France, 2 ; Russia, 5.
Class F-T-Popular publications respecting the fisheries, numbering 24, con-
tributed by Norway, 8 ; Sweden, 5 ; Netherlands, 5 ; Great Britain, 4 ; Russia, 2.
Class X. — Divers articles, numbering 60, contributed by Norway, 36; Swe-
den, 5; Netherlands, 11; Great Britain, 3; France, 1; Prussia, 2; Bavaria, 2;
Russia, 1.
RECAPITULATION.
Number of articles contributed by each country :
Norway 1, 664
Sweden 308
Denmark 13
Netherlands 435
Great Britain 174
France 24
Russia 83
Prussia 28
Bavaria 69
Hamburg 2
Austria .• 7
Spain 1
Italy 1
United States 1
Egypt 1... 1
Tunis 1
Making the total number of articled on exhibition 2,872. The judges for the
occasion consisted of 32 persons, and of the following nationalities, vix: Nor-
wegians, 30 ; Swedes, 1 ; British, 1.
The prize medals of bronze and honorable mention were awarded in the fol-
lowing order, viz : For all kinds of implements used for fishing and curing of
fish products, 11 prize medals were distributed to the following countries, viz:
to Norway, 6 ; Sweden, 4 ; Netherlands, 1. Number of honorable mentions, to
Norway, 16 ; Sweden, 7 ; Netherlands, 3 ; Great Britain, 1.
The number of prize medals awarded for models and drawings of vessels and
boats was 1 — to Netherlands. Honorable mention for same, 6----all awarded to
Norway.
The number of prize medals awarded for hand-work and manufactured articles
was 6, distributed as follows : to Norway, 2 ; Great Britain. (Scotland,) 2 ; Neth-
erlands, 1 ; France, 1 ; and honorable mentions for same number 21, awarded
to Norway, 15; Sweden, 3 ; Netherlands, 2; France, 1; Great Britain, 9,
(Scotland 4, England 5 ;) Prussia, 1.
Class 2. — The number of prize medals awarded for all kinds of dried fish
were 6 ; distributed to Norway, 5; Sweden, 1 ; and number of honorable men-
tions for the same 9, awarded as follows : to Norway, 8; United States I.
For salted and smoked herring and other fish, including all kinds of fish
products prepared for human food, 17 prizes were awarded. To Norway, 14;
Sweden, 1 ; Netherlands, 2 ; and honorable mentions awarded for the same were
33 — to Norway, 25; Sweden, 4; Netherlands, 1; Russia, 2; Italy, 1.
For cod-liver oil, spawn, and articles used for the preservation of fish products,
natural and artificial bait, all kinds of fish products used in agriculture and
manufactures, the prize medals were 7. Distributed to Norway, 5; Sweden, 2;
and number of honorable mentions for same were 18 ; all awarded to Norway.
For special selections the prize medals awarded were 5. To Norway, 2 ;
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
NORWAY.
327
Sweden, 2; Great Britain, (Ireland,) 1; and number of honorable mentions for
the same were 4. Distributed to Norway, 1 ; Sweden, 3.
For models of fishing huts, samples of clothing, provisions, &;c., also for
popular publications on the subject of fisheries, the number of medals awarded
were 4. Distributed to Norway, 1; Sweden, 1; Russia, 1; France, 1; and
number of honorable mentions for same were 8. Awarded to Norway, 4;
Sweden, 1; Netherlands, 2; France, 1.
RBCAPITULATION.
Whole number of prize medals were 58, and of honorable mentions 136,
distributed as follows : To Norway, 37 prize medals, 93 honorable mentions ;
Sweden, 8 prize medals, 18 honorable mentions; Netherlands, 5 prize medals,
8 honorable mentions; Great Britain, 3 prize medals, (viz., Scotland 2 and
Ireland 1,) 6 honorable mentions (to England;) France, 2 prize medals, 3 hon-
orable mentions; Russia, 1 honorable mention; Italy, 1 honorable mention;
United States, I honorable mention.
THR HARVEST OF 1865.
There are no official statistics respecting the harvest of this year, but suffi-
ciently reliable data might be gathered from the statements of the public
journals. In the south and eastern portions of the country not more than half
crops have been gathered; owing to the cold spring the first blossoms were
destroyed and the supply of fruit was limited. The potato crop, though in
the south it promised fair, was much injured by the rot, which this year has
spread more or less over the country, and it is anticipated that more than half
the potatoes used in the country will have to be imported, and several cargoes
have already arrived from Lubec, and are retaUing in this city and vicinity at
high prices. In several districts of north Bergen and Drontheim the crops
were totally destroyed by the unusually early and heavy frosts of August, and
the importation of breadstuffs in the coming year is expected to be larger than
for several preceding ones.
The crop of hay appears to have been more than an average, owing to the
dry and pleasant weather in the fall. No epidemi^ or contagious disease among
cattle or sheep has made its appearance in tnis country.
Siatement showing the description, quantity , and value of exports from Bergen
during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Anchors.
Boats...
Books...
ngs.
.specie doUarB.
do
460
Bone tons.
Breftfl pounds.
Calfikins do...
Codfish tons.
Codliver oil gallons.
Dried fish tons.
GalTimized copper pounds .
Spring heirine oarrels.
Snmmer hemng do...
Pyrites tons.
Spawn barrels.
Iron ore tons.
i,ooOi<A
2,000
67,387
5, 555 A
1,046,837
7,614
250,400
193,500
122,204
198
24,58]
417/\fo
$487 00
2,918 00
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
328
ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOBEIGN COMMERCE.
o
CO
I-
3
I
>
-§
^ I
■s-s
«^
I
1
man 'aiq
•••»!JXd
dMq> pm Ji«o
*oaoa
nr»8
Tjo jftAiipoo
*nii«ds
npTpoo
•qnn^MQ
'Sopjoq jamomg
'iBopooq Saiidg
9i^
^8
8
»
g s s
gs -*
S 88S8^ !; SI
SgfS5'«"
^lll
§ ill
fiiisr Ifillts
it
f
11
I!
J
I
•s
•3
I
Digitized by LjOOQIC
NORWAY.
329
Statement shoteing the averaging wholesale price of the principal articles qfeX'
partjrom Bergen during the year ended September 30, 1865, aTul the export
duty /or which price is stated.
Description.
1
1^
I
I
Bemarks.
AncIioTiee per ^ barrel
Cod-liver oil, fint quality... per banel
Do second.do do
Do.. ..third ..do. ...... do.....
Cod&h per 40 pounds..
Dried fish do
Herring, pickled, spring... per barrel
Bo do ...summer do....
Spawn ,
Calfskins, dried per pound
Sheepskins .do do
Pyrites per ton..
|0 20
26 00
20 00
17 16
1 50
1 12
3 75
4 50
6 75
32
15
5 30
to 00}
23i
i^rst quality and medium,
1 bstrel, 29 gallons.
Free.
Free.
Free..
i
1
1
5
Under contract for England.
Statement showing the description and quantity of imports into Bergen during
the year ended S^temher 30, 1865.
Description..
Beef, salted lbs.
Bread lbs.
Bricks and tiles
Butter lbs.
Coflee lbs.
Cheese lbs.
Chiccoiy lbs.
Candles, stearine lbs.
tallow lbs.
Coals and cinders tons.
Cotton lbs.
Corkwood lbs.
Cotton yam lbs
manufactured lbs
Cordage, hemp lbs
Dye wood lbs.
Flax and hemp lbs.
yam lbs.
manufiietnred lbs
Floor, wheat lbs.
rye lbs.
oats lbs
Feathers and down lbs .
Fruit— raisins lbs.
dried apples, &c.. .lbs.
apples, CLC lbs.
Glassware lbs.
Grun— wheat bush
rye ...bush.
Murley bush.
oats bush
peas bush
grits bush
18,452
2,727 i
1,277,581
59,131
890,405
47,925
58,205
14,021
2,294
42,388
144,727
208,254
27,800
117,718
4,754
207,064
2,682,173
186,593
361,532
131,860
19, 140
1,480
12,165
57,303
11,121
13,460
24,731
51,651
941,562
883,635
2,257
15,458
13,225
Description.
China and crockery ware. lbs.
Hides, dried lbs.
green lbs.
manufactured lbs .
Hoofs
Hops lbs.
Indigo lbs.
Liquors and spirits lbs .
Metals— iron, pig tons.
bar tons.
nails lbs.
sheet-iron lbs
polished iron.. ..lbs.
manufact*d iron, .lbs
Cutlery lbs
Cannon carriages tons
Ship anchors and chains. tons.
Chains, small lbs
Machinery
Steel
Copper, brass, and nickle,
manufactured lbs.
Copner, sheet, &c lbs
Leao, pigs and bars lbs
m other forms lbs
Tin lbs
Oil, olive
castor
ethereal
linseed, hemp, rape, and
whalef
Paper, writing and printing. .
books
Quantity.
* Value in ipede dollan.
Digitized by
143,863
176,426
670,770
17,769
1,194,509
67,571
1,405
441.517
781i
274,Vo
18,040
105,867
55,025
256,796
o2d
191
38,870
•16,784
94,894
116,950
15,659
472,358
14,400
101,733
18,131
390
95,543
336,938
165,701
•2,960
Google
330 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement — Continued.
Description.
Pepper and Bpices lbs.
Pork, pickled and smoked . . lbs.
Potatoes bush.
Rice lbs.
Silk lbs.
8oap lbs.
Sugar, sirup and molasses, .lbs.
Staves
Salt tons.
Tallow lbs.
Tea lbs-
Quantity.
12,790
168, 100
48,000
254,5>08
4,9t)3
37,9(31
2,048,671
980, 169
40,811
1,180
12,503
Descnption.
Tar, Swedish barrels.
Timber, lumber, &c
Tobacco, cigars, &c lbs.
Vinegar lbs.
Sulphuric acid lbs.
Wine, in casks galls.
in bottles galls .
Wool lbs.
yarn
manufactured
Quantity.
1,492
•30,110
664,257
16,588
8,439
214,620
300
470,363
.27,582
14J,6d2
* Value in spocie doUari.
Statement showing the average wholesale market price during the year ended
September 30, 1865, o/ the principal articles usually imported into Bergen
from the United States, with the import duty on the given quantity of each
article.
Description.
Alcohol, (from 85 to 88 per ct).per pound
Axes per dozen
Barley. - •, per bushel
Beef, salted per barrel
Brooms per dozen
Butter, firkin per pound
Cheese per pound
Com, (Indian, ) shelled per bushel
Cotton, (Mobile middling) per pound
Dried fruit — apples per pound
pears and peaches . per pound
Flour, (wheat, ) No. 1 per 1 00 pounds
No. 2 per 100 pounds,
No. 3 per 100 pounds
Hides, dried , per pound
green, salted per pound,
Hams, smoked per pound
Lard per pound
Honey per pound
Hops per pound
Manila rope per pound ,
Molasses, common per pound ,
sirup
Logwood, Campeachy, (log^)..per pound,
St. Domingo per pound ,
extract per pound
Oats per bushel.
Petroleum, refined per gallon .
Pork, tness per barrel ,
prime per barrel,
Quercitron bark per pound .
10 25
12 50
99
12 00
4 25
20
16
80
15
18
5 00
4 65
3 80
2 67
27
14
16
11
20
40
15
3i
H
3
H
17
59
m
16 82
14 00
3i
Duty.
10 12
1
4
Free.
1
I
4
Free.
80 )
)
m
i
1
1
i-ft
1
1
1
Free.
1
3
3
H
Free.
Remarks.
For every ^ percent strength
over 88, ada 1 ct. per pound.
Per pound.
On bushel of 52 pounds.
Per pound.
None in market
Fluctuating.
From Hamburg, apparently
American.
America via Hamburg.
From Denmark and Pninia.
Small importations.
Small importations.
Small quantities in market
Of 32 ponnds.
Per pound.
Small auanUty of American
in marW.
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
NORWAY. 331
AvcrcLge price of articles usually exported from United States,
Description.
Rice, Ist quality per ponnd. .
Rye, (56 pounds) per bushel. .
Soap, common brown per pound . .
Sperm candles, Ist quality per pound . .
Stearine candles per pound..
Staves, (oak barrel) per 120 feet. .
Rosin per pound..
Wheat, (bushel of 60 pounds)
White lead, in oil per 100 pounds . .
dry per 100 pounds..
fill
|0 10
1 04
13
60
24
2 15
37
8 50
8 12i
Duty.
♦OH
3t
22t|
I
Hi
1 06
1 06
Remarks.
Very scarce.
Very fluctuating.
Usually Russian.
Small demand.
Mostly from Sweden.
To the import dutj should be added 2 per cent., which is paid into the har-
bor fund for the building and maintaining a breakwater in the harbor of Bergen.
There have been no changes in the commercial system of Norway the present
year, excepting the reduction of import duties, stipulated in the treaty with
France. A further reduction of duty under treaty stipulations will be made ;
a new tariff to take the place of the one now existing, but which expires the Ist
April, 1866.
Statement showing the kinds and qualities of breadstuff imported into Bergen
during the year ended September 30, 1865, with the name of tht country.
Conntrlca.
Wheat
Rye.
Barley.
Oats.
Mali.
Grit.
PeBB.
Wheat
flour.
Rye
floar.
Sweden..
Butk.
8,912
20,611
22,508
Butk,
319, 790
416,110
35,536
170, 126
BH»h,
298.192
103,542
471,380
10, 521
Bwh,
2,158
""ioi"
BUBh,
4,930
4,720
Buik,
189
256
12,780
Busk.
1 164
Pounds.
Pounds.
PnMria...
11 850
ion srm
Dwimark
2^444 1 III 328
19,128
Riffla
Told
V_"
51,651 941,562
883,831
2,662
9,650
13,225 1 15,458
131 828
19,128
Statement showing the nationality, number , and tonnage of foreign vessels en'
tered and cleared the port of Bergen during the year ended September 30, 1865
Nationality.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
Swedish
163
83
6
7
18
31
92
14
1
34
29
8,938.5
5,684
773. 3
964
1,788.4
5,865.8
10,880.3
2,995
360.8
5,725.8
2,538.3
166
84
6
7
17
31
96
16
1
33
30
9,054.5
Danish
5.698
BossiftQ
773.3
^British
964
French
1,758.4
SMDish
5,865.8
Netherlanda
10,673
Bcljrian
3,060
"*^nnan— TTftmbnTc ....,
.360.8
Rchleswio' Holfltein
5,695
Pniflniaii ...... ................
2,502
Total
478
40,514.2
487
46,465
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
332
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOBEIGN COMMEBCfE.
Tb« commercial navy of Bergen on tbe 30tb of September, 1865, consisted of
9!^8 vessels, witb an aggregate tonnage of 51,806 tons, navigated by 3,335 sailon.
Tbere are a great number of vessels under ten tons not included, also all ves-
sels not registered for foreign trade, numbering 440» carrying in tbe aggregate
102,080 barrels of fisb, most of tbem belonging in county districts of Bergen.
Statement shawing the number and tonnage of vessels cleared from the port of
Bergen for foreign countries during the year ended September 30, 1865.
NORWEGIAN.
FOREIGN.
TotaL
With cargoes.
In ballast.
With cargoes.
In ballast
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tods.
318
56,429
86
8,653
467
39,291
22
1,479
902
105,852
SieUement showing the number and tonnage of vessels entered the pari of Bergen
from foreign countries during the year ended September 30. 1865.
NORWEGIAN.
FOREIGN.
TotaL
With cargoes.
In ballast
With cargoes.
In ballast
No.
Tons.
No,
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
504
89,210.5
18
7,308.8
435
34,549
43
6,239.6
1,000
137,306.9
Number of vessels built during the year was three, of 1,949 tons.
Number of vessels purchased in foreign countries was one, of 519 tons.
Number of vessels wrecked during the year was three, of 609 tons.
Classification of the commercud marine of Bergen.
Class.
No.
Tons.
Sailors.
From 10 to 20 tons
68
485
96
32
32
15
971
15,160
7,088
5.723
11,966
10,962
136
From 20 to 50 tons...... ^.
1 755
From 50 to 130 tons
'524
From 130 to 260 tons
2^
From 260 to 520 tons
392
Of 520 tons and over
244*
Digitized by LjOOQIC
NORWAY,
333
Stavanger — T. Falk, Consular Agent, ^
Statement ahotcing the description and quantity of imports at Stavanger for the
year ended December 31, 1865.
Description.
Cotton yam, nndyed lbs .
dyed lbs.
cloth, pressed lbs.
dyed lbs.
bleached lbs.
unbleached lbs .
Bmndy lbs.
Indiffo and cochineal lbs .
Red lead, ground lbs.
Feathers lbs.
Raisins lbs.
Glass bottles lbs .
Other glass goods lbs.
Cabbages no.
Hemp and^^x lbs.
Hops lbs.
Tiles no-
Potters' goods lbs.
Coffee lbs.
Corkwood lbs.
Barley barrels.
Rye barrels.
Peas barrels.
Wheat barrels.
Malt barrels.
Wheat flonr lasts.
Linen yam, nndyed lbs.
dyed lbs.
Clock lbs.
Woollen yarn lbs.
Knitting goods lbs.
Wine, in casks lbs.
in bottles
Mackerel lbs.
Salmon lbs.
Herring lbs.
Lobsters no.
Anchovies barrels.
Seal oil barit^ls.
Cloth, linen, dyed lbs.
Quantity.
2.814i
750||
18,318i
9, 2411
11,78:H
20,715
30,098
5,606f
12,850 I
11,589^1
83,454
7,463i
2,561
23,376
759,602i
16,799
287,981
75,aS8
4;J5,825i
144,383 I
25,«94f
70,773i'
1,865 ;
l,767f
1,0511
20,82l|
34,937f
6,115 I
2,356
3,0J6t,
57,590
713,3984
1,490
36,839 I
1,864
255, 11 If
370,330
273 :
m
4,215i;
Description.
Cloth, linen, bleached *. lbs
unbleached lbs
Sail-cloth lbs
Rope, tarred lbs
nntarred lbs
Tools of metal lbs
Fire-tongs, hinges, ^c lbs
Other iron goods lbs
Bolt iron shft
Anchors and chains shft
Tinned iron lbs
Yellow metal lbs
Sheathing nails lbs
Oil lbs
Paper lbs
Rice lbs
Salt barrels
Silk goods lbs
Hides, salted lbs
dry lbs
Butter lbs
Coals tons.
Sugar lbs
Havana lbs
Molasses lbs
Soap lbs
Tea lbs
Tar barrels
Tobacco lbs
Cigars lbs
Staves no
Buttons no
Hoops no.
Bones lbs,
Do commerce lasts.
Old rope
Do
Copper ore tons.
Caltskins lbs.
Quantity.
6,572i
4,678f
155, 116
71,730
9,91J
18,933f
6,6831^
43,414
672i
802
1,277*
4,609i
1.477i
83,33]i
44,747
106,644
208,793f
l,058i
2,831
69,495
8,259*
73,075
146,673
216,529
188,809
13,228
4,009*
l,596i
4,532
2,499*
5,386,592
1,686,224
6,305,372
128,000
22f
78,515
12,909
100
11,196
Digitized by LjOOQIC
334
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOBEIGN COMMEBCE.
Statement showing the nationality^ number ^ and tonnage, (in commerce lasU.)
and description of cargo oj vessels arrived at and departed from Stavanger
during the year 1865.
ABBIVALS.
.
1
1
WITH CARGO.
1
B
IN BALLAST.
Nationality.
Commerce
lasts.
Commerce
lasts.
Description of cargo.
Norwdorian .... ......
378
23
13
3
19,357i
380
187i
i«:Ji
54
2,245
^
Grain, salt, coals, tiles, staves,
hops, timber, and sundries.
Swedish
Danish .............
1
Staves, ^ain, butter, cheese,
&c., tiles, and hops.
Netherlands
:.:.:::::: f
British
34
6214 J
DEPABTUBES.
Norwegian
467
18
4
1
34
12,982i
280i
50
67
621i
113
13,672i
)
Herring, fish, bones, old rope,
oysters, seal oil, copper ore,
and emigrants.
Swedish
Danish
',
(
Herring, fish, and salt.
Netherlands
1
sir
Do
British
Lobsters and herrings.
Total
524
14,001i
114
13,727
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BUSSIA..
335
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Jigitized by
Google
336
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEECE.
I
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
BU8S1A. 337
Odessa — Timothy C. Smith, Consul,
November 11, 1865.
I enclose herewith a statement of the trade of Odessa for the year ended
September 30, 1865. The value of the principal articles imported and exported
i9 given with their totals for the year.
The whole amount of imports was 14,000,000 rubles, or three millions more
than last year, and the amount of exports 38,000,000 rubles, or five millions
more than last year.
The increase of imports occurred principally in the following articles, viz :
tea, coffee, oil, fruit, coals, and manufactured cotton goods, silk and wool. The
increase in tea imported this year over that of last is 143,000 rubles ; coffee,
140,000 rubles; oil, 500,000; paint, 100,000; coals, 500,000; manufactured
cotton goods, silk, and wool, 200,000.
With the exception of oil and coals, I know of no especial reason except the
growing wants ot the inhabitants for this large increase of imports. The extra
coals, perhaps, have been imported to meet the demand of the new gas-works,
and for the use of the railway. The oil was imported, probably, in part for
the same purposes, but mostly because petroleum has become an article in
general use for lights. Tea was imported during the year to the value of
643,000 rubles; coffee, 522,000; oil, 1,213; spirits and wines, 219,000; fruits,
919,000; tobacco, 618,000; dyestuffs, 99,000 ; cotton and cotton yam, 156,000 ;
iron, 488,000; cotton fabrics, 278,000; silk goods, 300,000; woollens, 407,000;
linens, 155,000; coals, 1,049,000; machines and implements, 544,000. Of
the latter articles a large share was for agricultural purposes, and partly of
American manufacture.
The increase in value of exports, for the most part, consists in wheat, rye, oats,
linseed, and wool. Of wh^t, above 2,000,000 of rubles in value was exported
this year more than last; of oats, to the value of 300,000 rubles more; of rye,
150,000; of wool, 350,000; of linseed, 1,700,000; of com, there were 800,000
rabies in value less ; and in flour, 400,000.
The increase in exports occurred partlyin consequence of the large quantity
stored at Odessa during the last winter, and partly in consequence of the im-
proved market for grain in westem Europe, and partly on account of increased
production.
The grain crop in southern Russia has .been very good the past season,
especially in quantity. The increase under the name of linseed is in part
owing to the large cultivation of colza, which is becoming an important and
profitable crop in Russia. This seed, colza, closely resembles rape-seed, and is
sold, like that and linseed, for making oil. It is said to yield a quarter more
in quantity, and commands a corresponding price.
Wheat was exported during the year to the value of 18,000,000 mbles ; rye,
177,000; oats, 565,000; peas, 194,000 mbles; bailey, 625,000; flour, 504,000 ;
Indian com, 1,709,000; tallow, 866,000; linseed, 3,467,000; wool, 7,992,000;
hides, 95,000; leather, 14,000; cordage, 218,000; beans, 19,000.
The carrying trade of this port was done for several years past by Italian, Aus
trian, British, and Russian vessels, and the relative proportion in the order*
named. The countries with which this trade was principally carried on shared
in the following order : Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany. Thirty-
five invoices of goods for the United States, to the value of 700,000 rabies, were
certified at this consulate during the year. Steamers are gradually takine the
place of sailing vessels in the commerce of Odessa There are now regular lines
of British steamers plying between this port and London ; Austrian steamers
between this and Trieste, and Russian steamers to and from London, Marseilles,
Constantinople, Alexandria, Galatz, and all ports in the Black sea and sea of
22 c R
Digitizet by V^OO^K:!
338 ANNUAL EEPOET ON FOBEIGN COMMERCE.
Azo£f. I would respectfully repeat a saggestion heretofore made, that, in mj
opinion, the commercial interests of the United States would be benefited by
the establishment of a line of steamers between New York and Odessa, stopping
at some of the intermediate ports, as Madeira, Malaga, Marseilles, Messina,
Malta, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople. More especially would snch
a line benefit our commerce and enrich the stockholders after the opening of the
Suez canal and the highway between the sea of Azoff and central and eastern
Asia, by the way of the Don and the Volga, and the railway or canal connexions
therewith. The first of these enterprises, the Suez canal, is, without doabt,
soon to be completed, and the second, perhaps, at no very distant day.
During the year the railroad towards Eliev and Moscow, so important to the
commerce of Odessa, has been extended one hundred and eighty versts, and is
in running order that distance to Balta, on the frontier of Fodalia. The branch
road towards the Gallatian (Austrian) frontier has also been completed as far as
Tyraspal, and in a few years it is expected it will be continued to Lemberg to
connect with the European net-work of raOways. An important fact with re-
gard to these railroads is their extreme cheapness. They have double tracks,
wide gauge, smooth running roads, and have been constructed across the steppe,
where all the wood, water, stone, and other materials, as well as provisions of
all kinds, have had to be transported. Yet the engines, and cars, and station-
houses — in fact, the road and everything appertaining to it of every description —
I am informed, does not exceed in cost an average of $25,000 per mile.
The petroleum companies, which a year ago were prosecuting their enterprises
with energy, are still a^J^ork near the Bosphorus or straits of Yenckali, but are
not yet entirely successful. The prospect, perhaps, is less favorable for com-
plete success than it was a year ago.
The number of Americans in this country, and the variety of American pro*
ductions; is probably increasing.
There are several American families established here, and in many shops ar-
ticles of American production are offered for sale, superior to the like productions
of other countries, as in fact they generally are ; and it is a good recommenda-
tion of an article to say that it is of American production. I^imps of American
manufacture, sewing-machines, reaping-machines, clocks. India-rubber goods,
oil-cloths, codfish, rice, starch, maizena, are some of the articles which I now
recollect seeing for sale here. It would be a good speculation to open here an
exclusively American store, in which to contain only articles of American pro-
duction.
I enclose herewith a table showing the number of ships of different nations
cleared from Odessa during the year, and their destination.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
RUSSU.
339
Statement sliowing the description and value, in rubles, of imports into and ex-
ports from Odessa during the year ended September 30, 1865.
IMPORTS.
Description.
Coffee
Sugar, (incomplete ).....
Oil
Spirits and wine
Fruits
Tobacco
Cotton and cotton yarn.
Djres
Iron
Pewter and lead
Silk and wool
Cotton goods
Silk goods
Woouen goods
Linen goods
Coala
Machines and models . . .
Sundries
Tea
Money
¥alue.
522, 131
354
1,253,210
219,000
919, 108
681,000
156,308
99,000
488,000
126,000
23,000
278,000
300,000
407,000
155,000
1,049,000
544,000
261,000
643,000
1,444,000
Total value of imports 9, 568, 1 1 1
EXPORTS.
Description.
Value.
Rye
Wheat
Peafl
Oats
Barley
Flour and meal
Com
Rape and linseed
Tallow
Wool
Hides
Leather, (incomplete)
Iron, (incomplete)
Cables and cordage
Flax and linen, (incomplete).
Wood
Bones and furs^
Beans 7.
Sundries
Money
Rubles.
177,
18,360,
194,
565,
642,
504,
1,709,
3,467,
866,
7,992,
95,
14,
2,
218,
12,
33,
41,
19,
3,503,
2 J 8,
101
OOO
318
420
900
000
200
000
190
000
000
200
59o
304
014
123
970
556
660
000
Total value of exports :}8, 636, 507
Statement showing the number and nationality of vessels cleared from Odessa
during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Austrian ' 316
Belgian - . 7
German —
Bremen 1
Mechlenberg 53
Pmssian 37
British ^ 1 90
French 33
Greek 76
Italian 418
Norwegian 41
Portuguese 3
Riueian 244
Turkiah ,. 25
Waldo-Wallacffian 2
1, 445
Digitized by LjOOQIC
340
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the number and destination of vessels of all nations cleared
Jrom Odessa during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Destination.
%
Great Britain
Constantinople
Knstendje
Sm jma
Marseilles
Messina
Leghorn
Newcastle
Antwerp
Alexanaria
Genoa
Cardiff
Sunderland
Sayona
Malta
Gallipolis
Syra
Civitia Vecchia
Syracuse
Palermo ,
Naples
Rhodes
Trieste
Number.
551
83
12
45
104
63
23
29
24
27
42
17
5
14
29
n
7
8
3
18
14
25
16
Destination.
Ibraila
SaloniiA
Liverpool
Corfu
Swansea
Castil a Mare .
Spezzia
Portland
Beirftt
Shields
Ancona
Pent
Candia
Galatz
Dunkirk
Trebizond
RUSSIAN PORTS.
Taganroff...
, Nicolaefskjr .
Kirtch
I Empatoria..
Number.
3
7
14
4
9
19
10
15
17
2
15
3
2
95
13
6
12
6
4
8
Statement showing the description, quantity, minimum and maximum price, and
value of imports into Taganrog during the year 1865.
Description.
Quantity.
Minimum
price.
Maximum
price.
Total ralue.
Olive oil
Olives
Walnuts and filberts ....
Cerobs
Almonds
Baisins
FiM
Coffee
Bice
Tea
Incense
Tobacco, (Turkish)
Fire-arms
Taux
Cast-iron pipes
Bum
Wines, (assorted)
French
champagne
Porter
Oranges and lemons
Agricultural implements.
Sundries
Specie
.poods.
. . do . . .
..do...
. . do . . .
Total in francs
85,555
9,157
66,269
172,422
1,554
« 7,174
32,683
7,143
4,724
2,120
1.386
6,682
1,217
3,017
139,837
296
53,352
7,4a5
18,461
9,358
4.680,412
29
F. C.
35 00
18 00 I
11 60
6 32
42 00
10 20
14 20
50 00
11 00
192 00
50 00
72 00
12 60
5 00
9 80
2 60
68 00
F. C.
38 40
20 00
13 60
6 80
52 00
25 00
23 00
60 00
13 00
240 00 i
52 00
162 180
96 00
14 40
12 00
11 40
3 00
128 00
Francs,
3,240,468
183, 143
795,234
],034,53:{
62,179
86,077
522,615
362,434
47,260
356,108
44,356
456,331
100,000
72,000
560,000
11,845
730,006
59,880
147.688
14,973
332,674
143,680
806.571
271,986
10,442.041
Jigitized by VjUU^ It:
RUSSIA.
341
Statement showing the dencnption, quantity, minimum and maximum prices and
value ofeosports from Taganrog^ Marionpah and Berdiansk, during the year
1865.
TAGANROG.
Description.
Grain
Linneed
Rye
Oats
Barley
Wild colza, (colewort)
Flour ,
Yembsfish
Red fish
Butter -
TaUow ,
Wool
Oil, (sunflower)
Tobacco
Hides
tanned....... ...
Bar iron
Cordage ,
fi»g»
Matting
Sundries ,
.chetwerts..
do
do
do
do
.do
.do
.poods..
...do...
...do...
...do...
Quantity.
.do.,
.do.,
.do... I
.do... I
.do... I
.do
.do
.do
.do.
.do.
Total in francs.
1,344,173
131,632
2,092
25,736
16,992
37,302
2,992
9,712
27,351
78,394
221,358
152,102
3,110
16,623
1,706
666
13,520
1,325
11,126
87,830
Minimum
price.
F. C.
24 00
44 00
18 00
10 00
14 00
22 00
40 00
62 00
10 00
31 00
14 60
36 00
34 00
16 •
14 00
Maximum
price.
F. C.
39 00
50 00
21 00
12 00
18 00
26 00
60 00
68 00
12 00
34 00
18 00
39 20
20 00
42 00
20 00
40 00
8 00
18 00
4 00
80
Total value.
Francs,
40,325,190
6,975,072
41,840
283,096
271,872
895,248
131,824
621,824
300,861
2,587,002
3,541,728
5,779,876
62,200
631,674
34,120
26,640
108,160
21,200
44,504
70,264
493,453
63,247,648
MARIOUPAL.
Grain chetwerts..
Linseed do
Ravison
397,215
31,069
29,790
1,689
1,176
6,057
1,250
61
F. C.
28 00
46 00
17 00
18 00
14 00
15 00
• 28 00
F. C.
36 00
52 00
22 00
20 00
15 00
17 00
30 00
193 00
16 00
Francs.
11,674,505
1,541,035
582,282
32,429
Oats
Barley
16,945
96,924
38,720
Tallow
Hides
Cocoons
11,784
Wool
94,192
Total in francs
14,088,816
BERDIANSK.
Grain. .,
Linseed..
Rye
Ravison.
Tallow..
Batter..
Hides...
Wool...
Total in francs
495, 102
17,711
910
4,830
51,206
584
1,794
752
24 00
38 00
18 00
17 00
14 00
26 00
30 00
16 00
40
00
56
00
20
00
28
00
18
00
28
00
40
00
18
00
15,843,264
832,417
17,290
108,375
819,296
15,768
62,790
12,784
17,711,984
-^igitizod uj *-j .
J^
342
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement ghomng the nationality, number and tonnage of vetseU entered and
cleared Jrom Taganrog, Marioupal and Berdiantk during the year 1865.
Nationality.
American
British
Austrian
Belgian
French
Grecian
Italian
Norwegian
German — Bremen
Mecklenburg
Prussian
Russian
Turldsh
Total
TAGANROG.
• No.
1
129
21
1
39
247
183
29
1
22
9
48
30
760
Tonnage.
336
38,187
6,596
622
7,612
54,022
49,825
11,406
348
6,026
3,302
8,698
1,900
188,880
MARIOUPAL.
No. ' Tons.
11
20
3,147
7,609
10
9
90
2
1,912
2,546
25,521
572
2
1
27
1
712
233
10,004
J9
173 , 52,275
BERDIAKSK.
No. Tons.
15
4
18
134
3
13
6
212
5,650
4,650
4,800
39,400
1,0?^^
260
3,759
42^
60,857
Hblsingfors — R. Frenckell, Consul.
November 28, 1865.
As Russia, in consequence of the latest Oriental or Crimean war, felt the neces-
sity of suspending the payment in silver of her circulating bank notes, their
value began to sink in a rapid manner. The Finnish government apprehending
the danger to Finland of so great financial evil, made strenuous efforts to
separate the Finnish monetary system from that of Russia. By an imperial
ordinance of April 4, 1860, the mark divided into 100 penni was declared a legal
tender in Finland, and its intrinsic value fixed at one solotink of 5^ doli of fine
silver. But this did not prevent the circulation of Russian paper money in Fin-
land, at the rate of four marks for one ruble ; hence the redemption in silver of
the mark notes was not practicable, inasmuch as the mark notes would have
been bought up by the holders of Russian notes and converted into silver, the
specie taken to Russia, thus realizing a profit of 20 per cent. The stock of
specie in Finland would not have been sufficient for the redemption of the Rus-
sian notes, 650 millions of rubles of which were in circulation. To prevent the
Russian notes from being a legal tender in Finland was a difficult task, consid-
ering its political relations with Russia. The head of the financial department
of Finland succeeded in effecting this object, and an imperial ordinance, dated
November 13, ordained that silver coin should be the only legal tender in Fin-
land. Consequently, bank notes ceased to be a legal tender. The consequence
was, that the Russian ruble note, which previous to the 13th of November had
been equal to four Finnish marks, fell to three marks and 20 penni, at the 8ame
time the rate of foreign exchanges rose to par, n. e. with 18 to 20 per cent.
The publication of this ordinance, by which the Russian bank notes ceased to
be a legal tender in Finland, and raised the Finnish mark to its intrinsic specie
value, ga^e great satisfaction to tlie whole country. They realized the fact that
a stable standard is indispensable to the financial progress of the nation.
December 15, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit the following report on the commerce of the
grand duchy of Finland during the year 1864.
The value of exports to Russia and foreign countries amounted to 43,542,972
.rubles. . r^r^r^i/^
Digitized by V^OOQK:!
BU8SIA. 343
Statement showing the description and value of the principal articles exported
Jrom the grand duchy of Finland during the year 1864.
RubUs.
Timber, planks, and battans 14, 643, 981
Butter 5,257,387
Iron and steel 5, 047, 451
Tar 3, 396, 090
Fabrics 1, 813, 962
Pine wood- 980, 931
Fish • ^ 908, 606
Cattle. 904,432
Candles 807, 842
Com 462, 082
Pitch 338,666
Potash 215,785
Meat 308,613
Statement showing the description and value of imports into the grand duchy of
Finland during the year 1864.
Rubles.
Com 17,311,549
Fabrics 5,761,322
CoflFee 5,662,312
Sngar 4,309,711
Iron and steel 3, 579, 026
Tobacco 2, 500, 776
Salt 2, 258, 589
Cotton 2, 037, 346
Spirits 1,508,369
Leather 1,770,069
Tallow 1,185,427
Wine 959,284
Colors 832,308
Fruits and spices 815, 879
Total value of imports 40, 638, 231
The merchant navy of the grand duchj consists of 1,561 vessels of all sizes,
measuring 104,241 Swedish lasts, (100 Swedish lasts is 240 English tons,) and
35 steamers. /
Amoor Rivbr — ^H. G. O. Chase, Vice-Consul
July 22, 1864.
The imports in American vessels at this port, (Nicolaefskj,) from Maj 31 to
this date, are :
Assorted foreign merchandise 847,013 26
Assorted domestic merchandise 31, 827 63
Total .! 78, 840 89
There was also one foreign arrival, a Hamburg bark, laden with 400 tons of
assorted merchandise of unknown value.
The exports were petroleum, &c., valued at $5,000, and wool and sewing
machines, value unknown. oigi^i.^d by CoOglc
844 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement skowimg the nationality, number, tonnage and port of departure of ves§d§ drrimd
Nieolaefeky during the fear 1863.
Nationality.
No.
Tons. Where from.
United States
4
I
.3
1
884 ' San Francisco.
Gennan — BremeTi ^ ,t.
202 Bremenhaven.
Hamburg
1,040 Hambnrg.
394
British
Total
q
2,520 - •
• 1
Statement thawing the value of the trade in sablee and other furs within the iiMiH<tM€ province
of Eattern Siberia, from information derived from the civil ehatMcery.
Sabte skins, including 2,239 from Kamtschatka 36, 382
Fox-skins, silver-gray 2, 483
Fox-skins, red 3, 359
Beaver-skins 201
Squirrel-skins 33
Total in silver rubles 42, 458
Statement showing the deeeription, quantitif, and value of exports from Niadaefekf for the pear
1863.
Description.
*
Quantity. 1
Valne.
Hides
. . .. . .r .nnttber..
!
1,000
92
SUvermkliu,
6,500
Wahtis teeth
poods..
1,380
Total....
7,880
1
Statement showing the deeeription and value in rublee ofmerchandiu shipped from Nieoia^skf
to different settlements on the Amoor river during the pear 1863.
Wines and liqnon 10, 000
Manufactured goods 24, 000
Sugars 4, 250
Sundries 10, 000
Rubles 48,250
Statement showing the description and quantities of merchandise brought down the Amoor to
Nicolaefskp, from deferent pldpes in the interior , bp privaU parties during the pear 1863.
(From the civil chauncerp.)
Tobacco leaf, Chinese ~ 6, 421
Salt, coarse, from Trans-Baikel provinces 650
Butter, from Trans-Baikel provinces 4, 858
MustardseeJ " •• " 420
Beef, salted •' " " 1,500
Homed cattle from Tranif-Baikel and Chinese provinces 2, 150
Tea from Trans-Baikel provinces 2, 500
Assorted merchandise 86, 500
Total silver rubles 104, 999
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
AUSTRIAN DOMINIONS. 345
Statement showing the description and value of exports from Nicolaefsky to
other ports of the maritime province during the year 1863. {From the civil
chaunceryj
To Petropanlatfk and Kamtschatka :
Sugar, loaf k 5, 366
Teas 5, &00
Logwood, &c 1, 725
Mannfactmed goods 7, 849
Totd in silver rubles 20, 840
To Waldenostock, in the Gulf of Tartary :
Assorted merchandise, silver rubles ; 6, 263
To Shantar islands, in Ochotsk sea :
Tea.: 150
Liquors 250
Provisions, assorted 2, 000
Silver rubles 2, 400
AWSTRIAN DOMINIONS.
Vienna — Theodore Canisius, Consul.
# September 30, 1865.
The exports to the United States from my consular district for the several
quarters of the year ended September 30, 1865, were as follows :
Florims.
Quarter ended December 31, 1864 305, 533. 99
Quarter ended March 31, 1865 397, 785. 42
Quarter ended June 30, 1865 842, 658. 41
Quarter ended September 30, 1865 1, 543, 490. 08
Total 3, 089, 467. 90
Total exports for year ended September 30, 1864 2, 309, 813. 00
Difference in favor of present year 779, 654. 90
The articles exported to the United States consisted principally of dre^s goods,
Vienna shawls, Bohemian glassware, fancy goods, cloth, kid gloves, Hungarian
wines, and meershaums.
Our new tariff has not, as I expected, interfered with the exports ; on the
contrary, the foregoing statement shows them to be nearly one million florins
greater than during any preceding year. The orders received by the exporters
are still very frequent and large, so that in all probability the next year will be
more favorable than the past. Many manufacturers who suspended their estab-
lishments after the commencement of the rebellion have renewed their old
activity, and many of them are unable to supply the demand of the exporters.
The Austrian industry and commerce have largely increased since a more
liberal system of regulations has taken place. Formerly only a certain class of
persons was entitled to exercise commercial and industrial pursuits. But this
narrow-minded legislation has yielded to a more liberal policy, and every one,
346
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
native or foreigner, can engage in any bueiness at pleasure. The progressive
movement of tne present centnrj has not been lost on Austria ; many old habits
and prejudices have fallen here as elsewhere, and the manner of a higher civili-
zation and the recognition of individual liberty have swept away a great many
despotic laws and customs the inheritance of centuries.
The following stisitistical statement of the movement of Austrian commerce
during the last twenty-three years will more than anything else show th^ steady
progress of this ancient empire.
The Dalmatian range of customs duties is not included in these figures.
Year.
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846 ..
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
ia59
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
Import.
Florins.
111,305,185
117,503,776
120,769,166
722,098,048
133,079,348
134,397,117
87,896,990
92,480,793
766,903,202
158,074,663
209,329,849
207.262,160
219,165,017
248, 288, Sr
301,194,829
292,995,251
308,285,925
268,227,7tt
231,226,702
235,847,057
261,257,288
266,348,115
253,980,153
Export.
Fiorina.
108,586,719
109,340,652
115,119,716
112,919,380
107,112,498
117,818,699
48,679,047
62,428,820
110,089,831
136,524,944
195,814,828
238,440,293
228,924,871
244, 134, 142
263,928,641
242,363,721
275,599,871
292,657,240
305,197,493
307,680,155
321,445,061
306,028,656
333,583,953
Transit
Florins.
75,451,193
75,263,213
74,916,381
74,241,172
75,023,398
81,210,302
29,257,207
41.025,439
74,143,513
110,261,327
112,246,000
120,591,442
88,014,734
151,248,847
166,136,875
161,215,393
121,469,637
91,475,441
111,889,523
Goods imported for the purpose of finishing (half finished goods) or for
transshipment are not included in the foregoing. The import and export of the
Dalmatian range of custom duties are also excluded. These amounted to :
•
Year.
Imports.
Exports.
1859
8,560,551
7,997,684
7,505,094
8,154,038
7,509,997
5,434,793
1861 , *
4,513,953
1862
5, 662, 072
1863
6,092,641
1864
5,491,147
Digitized by LjOOQIC
AUSTRIAN DOMINIONS.
347
Comparative nfatement showing the value of imports and exports at Vienna in
Austrian paper florins during the year 1864.
Tariff plussific&tlon
VALUE IN AUSTRIAN PAPER FLORINS.
Import. 1 Export.
Increase.
Decrease.
Colonial ware and fruit from the
soath .---
1
19,476,766 1,320,930
6,544,044 > 1 2r)!i .110
18,155,836
5,340,734
Tobacco and manufactures of to-
bacco '4
Garden and field products
Cattle
•
17,295,003
11.686,411
8,550,198
13, 105, 180
1,795,130
5,588,479
12, 139, 113
20,587,256
65,60^165
24,945,820
14,638,570
1,786,679
6,055,850
3,792,559
4,662,622
85,500
5,509,473
2,399,584
6,927,755
33,738,989
7,821,039
7,866,711
3,339,226
4,743,376
26,080,384
4,2.38,724
27,164,916
57,757,579
8,923,032
47,574,139
7,498,207
10,474,648
18,673,712
9,864,596
5,179,240
41,176,984
5,279,056
. 3,062,655
607,500
16,443,986
3,865,372
683,487
9,765,954
Animal nroducts . . , .. ^
Fats and oila
Ofinkff and food* , ^-r
2,948,246
20, 491, 905
fine building and manufacturing
articles. ......................
Medicines, perfumery, coloring,
tannin, and chemicals
7,900,389
Metals, raw and half manufact'd .
6,577,660
Weaving and textile stuff
Yams
7,850,586
16,022,788
"Woven and worsted fabrics ......
32, 935, 569
manufactures .»t .v.
5,706,528
Leather and its manufactures, In-
dia-rubber, d&c.
4, 418, 798
Wooden, glass, and earthenware..
Mfital manufactures -..*.......,r
14, 881, 153
5,201,974
Vehicles and vessels O. .
5,093,740
Instruments, machines, and fancy
goods...... ...^..............
35,667,511
Chemical products, color, fat, and
chemical light manufactures. . . .
^^orks of littfratnre and art .-.
2,879,472
3,865,100
Waste. .-.
607,500
Total
253, 180, 157
333,583,963
73,450,246
153,854,042
Decrease 'T.. ...........
80,403,796
Trieste — ^A. W. Thayer, Consul.
October 7, 1^5.
From Ptatiatics furnished to this consulate by the chamber of commeree of
this citj, but which unfortunately extend only to the close of the last year, the
following information is for the most part drawn and condensed.
The vessels entered at this port during the five years lS60~'d4 amounted in
the aggregate to—
Date.
!
Austrian vessels.
' No.
1860 1 8,471
1861 8,467
1862 1 8,688
1863 1 8,593
1864 1 8.338
Tons,
495,975
492,070
485,951
476.443
523,618
Foreign vessels.
No,
1,772
1,911
2,217
1,985
1,810
Tons,
221,321
243,790
283,401
249, 131
249,378
Total.
No.
10,243
10,378
10,905
10,578
10, 148
Tons.
717,296
7:^,860
769,352
725,574
772,996
JiyiiizuUUy^OOgie
348
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
This table shows some increase in the tonnage, but a slight decrease in the
number of vessels. The average of these five years compared with that of the
two preceding terms of the same duration, which included the period of the Cri-
mean war, show a large falling off; but going back one term further the improve-
ment of the average is striking, being no less than 1,69S| iu the arrivals and
228,350 in the tonnage in favor of the more recent period, as may be seen in
the following average of arrivals for five years :
Ships.
Tonnage.
1815 to 1849
8,752
11,513
10,677
10,450
515,8651
754,853
1 761,389
744,215
1850 to 1854
1855 to 1859
1860 to 1864
Vessels propelled by steam are included' in the above tables. To give an idea
of the development of this branch the following table is inserted, covering a
period of five years :
Arrivals of steamships
at Trieste,
Nationality.
lem.
1861. '
1862.
1863.
L864.
No.
Toni.
No.
Tons.
No.
1
Toni
No.
Tons.
No.
Tona.
Austria
918
221,646
1 1
855 txi ii/» , tea
186,210
741
199,168
763
1
224,918
Bromen
j
467
Hnllaad
9
85
2
9
3. 433
22,731
732
3,671
9
55
1
3
3.504
1,189
10
68
3,916 ;
70, 183
8
66
2,997
62.712
1,218
Bnriand
45,999
Francfi . ...
Qreece
1 '
Italv
9
5,776
44
26,133
SiSii ::;:;.
1
530
1
Turkey
1
1
372 i
' *
Total
961
252,212
924
77,492
784
260,681
824
270,653
868
299,990
Exhibiting a decrease in the number of vessels, but an increase in burden of
48,613 tons.
The aggregate of arrivals direct from the United States for the ten years laet
past are thus given :
Nationality.
f
1855.
1856.
1857.
United States
No.
19
4
6
Tons.
8,291
2,006
1,737
No.
24
1
8
Tons.
13,534
5*5
2,890
No. Tons.
22 10,807
Austria
2 946
Other States. . -*.
2 1 892
Total
29
12,034
33
16,959
26 12,645
'
1858.
1859.
1860.
United States
20
9,391
18
1
6
9,821
,450
2,420
35
1
5
15,090
454
Austria.
Other States
4
1,180
1,620
Total
24
10,571
25
12,691
41
17,164
_ 1
Digitized by
Google
AU8TBIAN DOMINIONS.
349
1861. 1 1862. ' 1863.
1 1
1864.
United States
Other States
11 1 3,621 10
3,629 4 1,231
2 712
4
6
1,827
1,987
'
Total
11 : 3,621
10
3,629 1 6 1,943
10
3,814
Cleared for the United States daring 1864—.
No. Tons.
Austrian vessels 3 1,697
United States vessels 1 678
English vessels 1 381
The conBular record gives the following list of arrivals and departures of
United States vessels for 1864 :
Armenia, 400 tons, Boston to Alicante.
Lotus, 660 tons, New York to Palermo.
Kershaw, 382 tons, Cleveland to Alexandria.
Eureka, 225 tons, Boston to Bordeaux.
Fury, 383 tons, Boston to Smyrna.
Black Swan, 199 tons, Alexandria to Algiers.
During the first three quarters of the present jear one vesssel only under the
United States flag has arrived and departed, viz., the E. Schultz, 676 tons, from
Alexandria to Hull, England. The two tables following give an idea of the
extent of the trade between this port and Great Britain and Ireland, and show,
also, how little the United States have to fear from English sailing vessels in
these waters, but how much from the development of English steam navigation.
Wbat American clipper ships were to English vessels some years since, Englisli
propellers ore to American clippers now.
Aggregate of arrivals at Trieste from British ports during the years —
1860.
1861.
1862. 1863.
1
1864.
! No.
English 42
Austrian 82
Other SUtes... 62
Tons.
8,210
34,342
13,844
No. Tons.
17 1 3,763
71 1 29,062
48 1 10,910
No.
11
71
40
Tons. \ No.
1,881 i 7
27,032 ; 54
7,548 30
Tons,
1,674
22,902
5,387
No,
14
65
43
Tons,
3,058
28,995
10,093
Total 186
56,396
136 1 43.735
1
122
36,461 1 91
29,963
122
42, 146
Tons.
The arrival of English vessels propelled by steam during 1864 has been pre-
viously given as 54 in number ; the clearances were as follows :
Tons.
To Liverpool, 28 26, 531
To London, 15 , 7, 691
ToPatrasso, 1 497
To Vera Cruz, 4 6, 088
To Alexandria, 3 2, 360
To Constontinople, 1 264
To Glasgow, 1 427
To IbraUa, 1 264
Total, 54 vessels, 44,122 tons.
The clearances of English sailing vessels were —
Tons.
To Genoa, 4 793
To France, 10 3, 240
ToMalta, 1 285
To Great Britain, 22 6, 471
To Belgium, 1
To United States, 1 .
To British America,
To Brazil, 3
Total, 43 vessels, 12,803 tons.
Jigitized by
Tons.
343
381
563
727
Google
350 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
And, finally, the clearanceB of Austrian veBBels during the same year —
Tons. Tons
To Austrian ports, 4,378 . . . 114, 193 To Great Britain, 21 9, 464
To Italy, 389 135, 309 To Russia, (Black sea, ) 3 . . 1, 025
To Greece, 29 3. 182 To Turkey, 96 15, 867
To France, 79 25, 833 To Moldavia, 2 636
To Algiers, 8 3, 101 To Egypt, 94 34, 389 .
To Spain, 4 1, 205 To United States, 3 1, 697
To Malta, 11 1, 934 To Mexico, 1 673
To Gibraltar, 1 528 To BrazU, 6 1.550
Total, 7,470 vessels, 301,813 tons, excluding the coasting trade to the Aus-
trian ports, 747 vessels, 135,393 tons.
COMMERCE.
Florins. Dollars.
Importations at Trieste for tho year 1860, by sea 97,097, 167 = 44,858,891
Importations at Trieste for the year 1860, by land 50, 050, 667 = 23, 123, 407
Total florins 147,147,?«4= 67,98-2,298
Importations atTrieste for the year 1861, by sea 93,829,539 = 43,349,247
Importations at Trieste for the year 1861, by land 62, 250, 943 = 28, 757, 935
Total florins 156,080,582 = 72,107,182
Importations at Trieste for the year 1862, by sea 90, 248, 786 = 31 , 692, 939
Importations at Trieste for the year 1862, by land 59,728,067 = 27,595, 361
Totalflorins 149,976,853 = 59,287,300
Importations at Trieste for the year 1863, by sea 85, 349, 904 = 39, 431 , 656
Importations at Trieste for the year 1863, by land 59,371,003 = 27,429,703
Totalflorins... 144,720,907 = 66,861,359
Importations at Trieste for the year 1864, by sea 73, 590, 774 = 33, 998, 937
Importations at Trieste for the year 1864, by land 73, .385, 162 = 33,903,924
Totalflorins 146,975,936 = 67,902,861
Exports from Trieste for the year 1860, by sea 85, 587, 793 = 39, 540, 560
E xports from Trieste for the year 1 860, by land 38, 009, 242 = 17, 560, 270
Totalflorins 123,597,035 = 57,100,830
Exports from Trieste for the year 1861, by sea 85,794,490 = 39,637,239
Exports from Trieste for the year J861, by land 40,633,768 = 18,772,801
Totalflorins 126,428,258 = 58,410,040
Exports from Trieste for the year 1862, by sea 85, 530, 229 = 39, 504, 966
Exports from Trieste for the year 1862, by land 36, 147, 136 = 16, 699, 978
Totalflorins 121,677,365 = 56,204,944
Exports from Trieste for the year 1 863, by sea 83, 234, 754 = 38, 454, 356
Exports from Trieste for the year 1 863, by land 34, 632, 533 = 16, 0(KI, 232
Totalflorins 117,867,292 = 54,454,588
Exports from Trieste for the year 1864, by sea 88, 849, 923 = 41 , (H6, 664
Exports from Trieste for the year 1864. by land 31 , 818, 802 = 14, 700, 286
Totalflorins 120,668,725 = 55,746,950
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
AUSTBIAN DOMINIONS.
351
Importation from the United States.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
Florins ...... .... ....
5,496,526
2,539,395
551,013
254,568
594,334
274,582
412,726
190,679
674, 112
Dollars
311,436
Exportation to the United States.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
Florins
Dollars
1,190,357
549,945
3361866
178,732
701,215
323,961
_
683.586
315,816
463,016
213,913
The exports to the United States from January 1 to September 30, 1865, ac-
cording to the invoices verified at this consulate, amount, ** with all charges
thereon," to 572,070^^^^ florins, or (giving the florin an average value of 42
cents) to S240,270. Thej are almost exclusively drugs, dried fruits, and rags.
Cotton imported in 1864 by sea, given in hundred-tceigJits,
From —
Austrian ports
Pontifical States...
Naples, (kingdom)
Sicily
Ionian Islands
Greece
Tuscany
France, (Mediterranean ports).
Great Britain and Ireland
Turkey
EffTpt.
ta.
Total.
1863.
1862.
1861 .
1860.
.total.
..do.
..do.
..do.
Raw.
77
1,101
1,354
523
348
3,074
26
4
11,504
19, 162
63,311
100,484
86,285
101,096
217, 145
288,058
Yams.
1
8,685
20
14
8,882
8,810
9,662
33,792
28,034
Other forms.
2,611
328
3
58
112
1
57
14,672
188
14
8
18,052
22,963
30,804
35,963
28,702
Prospects of Trieste for trade and navigation.
Merchants here assert a great decrease in the trade and navigation of Trieste
the present year, and say that if, at its close, they should prove equal to those
of 1864, it will he 'owing, on the one hand, to the large suhsidies paid hy the
government to the lines of steam navigation, and on the other to the sudden
(probahly temporary) development in the lumber trade, arising from certain new
Digitized by LjOOQIC
352 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
connexions made with the railroad, which have turned that business from its
former channels hitherward. The article staves (for barrels) shows well tbu
increase. There were exported in —
Pieeeg.
1860 , • 11 . 6 16, 446
1861 18, 650, 698
1862 17,715,612
1863 21, 395, 029
1864 • 25. 776, 017
And the estimate ^r 1865 is largely above 30,000,000.
For some time past the prospects of this port have been very gloomy, and a
feeling of discouragement has been very discernible. Its only direct railroad
connexion with the great valley of the Danube was sold to a French company
for ninety-nine years, whose disregard for all local interests is such that even the
heavy article of co^ee is sent down from Hamburg to Laybach, a station bat a
few hours north of Trieste — at her very gates, it may be said.
The political relations between Hungary and the imperial royal government
were such as to cause the existipg road to traverse the Semmering at a great in-
crease of cost, distance, and difficulty of grade, and have thus far prevented the
construction of any rival road directly from the Adriatic to the rich plains of
Hungary. Meantime the new kingdom of Italy has been urging forward its
railroad system, relieving commerce and intercourse from the numberless obstmc-
tions which had previously checked them, and forming a new connexion with
the continent by the Mont Cenis tunnel. A glance at the map, any good one,
which shows the railroads, the mountain chains, and the great rivers of southern
Europe, will exhibit the great danger that that portion of the Levant trade which
now centres in Trieste will soon be diverted to Ancona, Brindisi, or some other
Italian poit, if the present condition of things continue.
Again, divers lines of railroads coming cfown from the north are tapping the
trade of the Danube as the lines in the United States do that of the Mississippi,
and to such an extent that, what with them, and with the navigation of the
river, Trieste and Fiume may be almost said to be without a back country.
The positions of Trieste and Fiume are singularly analogous to those of
Chicago and Milwaukie. These are at the head of the Adriatic, as those at the
head of Lake Michigan. The broad and fertile plains of Croatia and Hungary
lie to the former like the prairies of Illinois and Wisconsin to the latter ; and
beyond them flows the Danube here, as the Mississippi there. Nothing but
ample and direct railroad communication from Trieste to the navigable waters
of the Drave, Save, and Danube, is needed to give these Adriatic cities a de-
velopment like in character, of course not in extent, to that of the cities of Lake
Michigan.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
AUSTBIAir DOMINIONS.
353
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ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
AUSTRIAN DOMINIONS.
355
NOVEMBKR 13, 1865.
* * • ■ The position of Trieste, at the head of the Adriatic, like Chicago, on
Lake Michigan, but having ranges of lofty mountains and high table-lands instead
of prairie for a back country, renders its climate very peculiar. Its latitude, a little
more northerly than .that of Montreal, is nearly the same as that of Mackinaw ;
but figs, olives, and almonds grow in the open air and produce abundantly ; and
a wine from the hills of Proseco (within sight of this office) is one of thof^e men-
tioned by the ancient Latin poets.
In approaching the town from the land side you pass over a rocky, sterile
country, covered with a broken and decaying limestone, and wonder that even
the labor of twenty centuries has been able to reclaim arable grazing land enough
to Bupport the few scattered villages in sight.
The two prevailing winds are the Sirocco and the Bora. The former sweeps
up from the Mediterranean, bringing in spring and autumn frequent and heavy
rains, at ail times* damp, warm, and enervating.
The other, the Bora, then comes rushing down from the mountains, sometimes
with such force that for days together ropes are strung along the streets to en-
able people to keep upon their feet ; clears away all .noxious gases, invigorates
and enlivens ; • • • often ^ry cold, disagreeable, blowing so as tx) almost
§ut a stop to business in the harbor, the Bora is the grand sanitary agent, and
'rieste is a place remarkable for the goodness of the public health.
A table of longevity, now before me, for the years 1852 and 1861 inclusive,
gives, in a population of about 100,000, 2,624 deaths of persons aged 70 years
and upwards, of whom 1,002 were eighty years and upwards.
Venice — William D. Howells, Consul.
StaiemeiU thowing the description and value of the exports from Venire to the
United States during the quarter ended March 31, 1865.
(Compiled from certificates of invoices.)
EXPORTS.
Description.
Glass beads ..
Do
Do
Oil paintings.
GUss beads...
Do
Straw froods..
dS
Glass beads...
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Tdtal.
Whither sent.
New York...
Philadelphia .
Baltimore —
New York
...do
Baltimore .
New York.
....do
...do
...do
...do
Philadelphia .
New York...
...do
Where produced.
Venice,
do.,
do..
.do.
.do.
do francs.
Vallonara do . .
....do do..
Venice florins.
do do...
do francs.
....do florins.
do do . .
do zwanziger.
Valne, including
costs and charg^.
Florin8,8cc
321 45
2, 032 45
202 60
560 00
634 62
648 64
10,586 60
12,804 50
11,434 01
1,077 70
5,466 12
498 06
3,734 15
4,885 00
$160 72
1,016 22
101 ^0
280 00
317 31
129 72
2,117 32
2,560 90
5,717 00
538 85
1,093 22
249 03
1,867 07
814 16
16,962 82
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
356
ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement ihmeing the deseriptum and value of the exparte of Venice to the
United States during the quarters ended June 30, and September 30, 1865,
together with the names of the countries or places where produced and whither
sent.
Where produced.
DescriptioiL
Whither tent
Yalae, indnd-
ing coetf and
chaiipB.
Venice
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
GUm beads
.....do....:
do
Antique furniture
Used wearing apparel not
intended for commerce..
Glass beads
do
New York florins.
do francs.
....do pds. sterl.
....do ....... •...do....
.do.
AletheoBcopes and photo*
graphs
New York dollars .
. ... do awansincer.
Philadelphia florins.
Chicago florins.
New York francs.
16,066 96
3,731 14
157 11 8
463 050
150 00
9,321 50
686 17
52125
442 00
QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1865.
Venice.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Aletheoscopes and
graphs.
Glass Deads
photo-
.do.
.do.
do.
Antique furniture
Aletheoscopes and photo-
graphs
Glass beads
New York ......francs..
do do...
....do........... florins.
— do pds. sterl.
Chicago ........ florins.
Boston pds. sterl.
....do ....fhmcs.
Baltimore do...
9»315 75
168 74
10,601 64
S53 8 11
1,666 96
250
673
712
STATES OF THE ZOLLVEREIN.
PRUSSIA.
Stbttin — 0. J. SuNDKLL, Consul,
JuNB, 1865.
Tie exports of Stettin for the year amounted to 23,091,956 Pmssian tbalen
against 47,022,887 in 1863, and the imports to 13,050,068 thalers against
26,457,711 in the year previous. The falling off in exports and imports amounted
to 37,335 74 thalers. So great a falling off was keenly felt by so commercial
a city as Stettin. The effect of the Danish blockade on tbe trade of Stettin
was the transferring of tbe inland transit and forwarding business to Haaaburg,
where in all probability it will remain, on account of tbe Elbe being free horn
many of the drawbacks* both natural and otherwise, which still embarraai the
trade of tbe Oder.
Tbe number of vessels entered at tbe outer port (Swimmunde) during tbe
year was 1,972 against 3,441 in 1863. The clearances for tbe same period were
1,974 against 3,669 during the preceding year. No American vessels azrived
or departed during tbe year, and the consular agent reports the business aeaaon
as being veiy dull for tbat important seaport
The report from Dantzic, wbere tbe blockade was established a month later
than at Stettin, shows a decrease in the exports of that place of 6,300,000 tha-
lers, and 1,160,000 thalers as compared with the previous year. The number
of vessels cleared during the year was 2,211, of 241,847 lasts burden, against
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
PRUSSIA.
367
3,065, of 307,965 lasts burden, in 1863. The consular agent reports no arrivals
or departures of American vessels during the year.
The blockade of Pillau, the outer port of Koenigsberg, was established simul-
taneously with that of Dantzic. Though not in possession of a formal report of
mercantile operations at that place, yet, from statements received from the
United States consular agent at Koenigsberg, it appears that the amount of
grain shipped from that place was less by 11,749 lasts than that shipped the
previous year. The number of vessels arrived and departed was 1,226, against
1.560 in 1863, and among them none from the United States.
Memel, the most northern Prussian port, was not blockaded, and consequently
many vessels destined for Koenigsberg and Dantzic entered and discharged
there, but being frequently complained of as wholly destitute of direct commu-
nication with the interior by railroads and canals, transportation was attended
with many serious difficulties, and as Grerman vessels were subject to search
and capture at sea, the shipping of Memel suffered equally with that of the block-
aded ports. But for the scarcity of suitable neutral vessels, the chief trade of
the place (timber) would have been very prosperous, as orders were freely coming
iBt and during the spring and summer prices were very remunerative.
The total value of the exports during the year amounted to 7,293,000 thalers,
against 6,578,700 thalers, and the imports to 3,179,020 against 3,212,900 thalers
in the preceding year. This shows an improvement, b\it not as great as it
ahould have been under the circumstances. The number of vessels entered was
1,023 against 904 ; the number cleared was 1,023 i^inst 930 in 1863. There
were no arrivals or departures of American vessels during the year.
Aix*la-Ghapbllr — ^W. H. Vbsby, CotutiL
Statement showing the description and value of exports from AixAa-Chapelle
to the United States during the year 1865.
Deferlptioii.
doth.
WooUmI g^OTM . .
Woolkn flocks ..
Velvet ribboDi...,
KidglovM ,
KomUm aod piai .
Agate battooM
Tspee
OlflMonuunents..
Okui plate
Dngt
P^wr ,
TkAgr.gf,
316; 198 13 03
Zine
Wine
Cntlerj
Fnamelled yUw .
Total.,
Of whicb wen ubipped by
way of~
Hall aodUrerpool, via Ant-
Antwerp direet..
Rotterdam
HanbnxY
BaTie..
Total 364,196 26 06
lit qnarter. 9d quarter. 3d quarter. ' 4th quarter.
11,904 27 06
848 27 00
11.006 05 03
8. 793 16 06
3,646 10 00
TkaLgr,fff.
494, 186 02 07
4, 446 02 00
20,094 23 06
I 01 06
387 20 00
7,589 25 06
364, 196 26 06
298,345 20 09
20,310 03 00
18, 480 18 00
5.694 22 00
21,365 22 09
5^786 13 04
8,090 10 05
701 10 00
231 10 00
1.608 03 04
7,230 09 04
31 20 00
2,950 10 00
410 00 00
475^ 766 24 06
396, 153 08 10
28,205 09 10
19, 975 19 03
14,388 00 04
16, 672 16 03
372 00 00
TkaL gr, pf,
714, 360 23 06
4,457 16 06
22,518 10 06
1,367 25 00
22,904 17 00
19,616 05 00
2,781 25 00
1,349 18 07
52 15 00
111 21 06
70,297 01 03
474 14 00
Tkal.gr.pf,
903,737 00 02
2.049 06 00
27,979 05 03
1,42126 00
15,482 05 08
' 15, 131 07 00
2,769 05 00
1, 552 24 00
160, 981 09 03
14, 159 29 03
7J3 00 00
860,292 12 10 1,146,026 27 07
756.209 14 06
1.349 18 06
3,164 29 06
25,316 05 00
36, 657 24 07
37, 594 10 09
968,074 09 06
19. 084 09 09
39. 188 04 00
24,729 U 00
57,984 03 11
36,966 18 05
475,766 24 06 |860,292 12 10 ,1. 146,026 27 07 2,846,283 01 05
_1
Total.
TMgr.pf,
2,358,532 09 06
10. 952 24 06
81, 797 06 09
3,638 18 00
55,271 11 03
51, 631 08 11
4,347 20 00
231 10 00
7, 159 03 04
12, 808 29 05
84 05 00
5,202 15 06
238,866 06 00
14, 159 29 03
713 00 00
474 14 00
410 00 00
2,846,283 01 05
2,418,78? 23 07
68,949 11 01
42,353 03 09
88. 501 24 00
114. 724 20 10
112,599 08 02
372 00 00
Jigitized by OiUUV IC
358
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Cologne — George Holscher, ConsvJar Agent.
Comparative statement showing the description and value of the exports from
Cologne to the United iStates during the years 1864 and 1865.
1864.
DoBcripUoD.
Ist quarter.
Sd quarter.
3d quarter.
4th quarter.
TotaL
BookR, printed
TTud.gT.pf.
579 01 03
Thai. gr. pf.
360 00 00
103 10 06
741 25 00
2, 131 12 00
1, 439 23 07
320 00 00
2G4 22 06
198 16 06
180 00 00
Thai.gr.pf
TkaLgr.pf
Thai. gr. pf
939 01 U3
Brandy
108 10 06
Bnuw ware
741 25 00
Cologne water
2, 632 15 00
946 09 09
810 00 00
5, 573 27 00
2,955 09 04
758 01 00
Copy-booktt &, copying paper
Fancy articles
567 06 00
438 01 00
Pelt Hhoeg
264 22 06
Glaze ore, in powder
252 03 08
551 15 02
1,002 05 04
180 00 00
Glycerine
Hams, smoked
1S2 03 00
2, 136 24 03
122 03 00
Hardware
2, 003 14 00
4, 091 23 00
900 00 00
8. 232 01 03
900 00 00
InMtruments. mutiical
Instruments, surgical
48 00 00
2,888 06 03
48 00 ff)
Iron -wire cliaius
2, 862 07 00
1, 914 28 09
4, 170 16 02
63 00 00
11, 835 18 02
63 00 00
Furnace grate of iron
Lead, sugar of
2, 193 28 06
2,193 28 08
337 03 (»
Lend, white
337 03 08
716 25 00
8, 572 10 00
4,641 21 06
2, 048 20 00
355 01 08
Lithographs
716 25 00
740 00 00
1,9<« 08 06
1,816 26 03
366 66 66
2,(^24 04 10
1, 942 15 00
5,992 12 06
1, 652 27 07
496 22 06
15.604 22 06
Paper
10, 287 02 05
6,306 23 09
355 01 08
Percussion caps
Pharmaceutical chemicals. . .
Pipes, earthen 4...
460 20 a>
7, 201 00 06
576 04 07
9, 395 18 08
1,036 25 00
Steel, cant
10. 8:M 26 08
3:19 18 00
11, 372 Id 06
50, 216 00 02
77, 047 16 10
3^ 18 00
Pipes, smokincr
Steel, manufactures of
Sacred vewels
9,023 20 03
178 28 00
623 00 00
12, 047 21 00
1, 437 29 00
33,88128 09
178 28 00
Stomach bitti-rs, (Uquorji) . . .
Saltpetre, retluod
697 15 00
2, 392 06 09
156 07 06
1, 468 22 06
24, 780 64 03
179 25 06
27, 172 11 00
Chiccory, ground
179 25 06
Seeds and bulbs
552 10 00
52 13 00
552 10 00
Sundry articles
52 13 00
Cigars
1,342 13 00
25, 161 20 09
20 25 00
1 342 13 00
Taffetas, (ribbons)
14,421 04 06
7, 040 24 01
6, 593 15 05
53, 217 (M 09
20 25 00
Snuff, (tobacco)
Tricote wares, (netting)
733 29 04
1, 620 00 00
1, 032 00 00
28, 275 21 05
73:1 29 04
Ultramarine
2, 985 66 66
7, 724 16 09
8,316 20 0(5
537 19 00
1, 866 01 06
5. 830 00 00
3, 397 22 00
48,614 17 07
10, 435 00 00
12, 154 08 09
85.206 29 06
537 19 00
Utrecht velvets
Velvets and velvet ribbons..
Waistcoat buttons
Wine
6, 477 02 07
1, 621 12 a3
555 24 00
2, 158 01 00
12, 122 17 04
555 24 W
Wool
Calves' leather
143 11 06
130 00 00
250 00 00
S, 305 07 10
143 08 06
95 21 03
2, 275 14 03
143 H 06
Clothes, &c
130 00 00
Gilt frames
2.50 00 00
Muriate of potash
-
2,305 07 10
Perfumeries
143 08 U6
Porcelain ware ' ' i
95 21 03
Salt, mineral, crude '-- -
2, 275 14 IQ
Total
69, 941 28 04 1
167, 669 17 06
78, 537 16 06
77, 552 11 03
393, 701 13 07
1865.
Description.
Value for the
quarter ended
March 31.
Value for the
quarter ended
June 30.
Value for the
quarter ended
September 30.
Value for the
quarter ended
UecttfubcrSl.
Books, printed, and copy, and
ment and tablets
paper, parch-
Tkal. gr. pf.
Tkal.8r.pf
760 11 05
TkaLgr.pf
1, 420 22 00
346 14 00
1, 097 08 05
1.017 08 06
6, 282 02 00
3, 889 26 02
2:i6 05 00
716 24 10
6, 745 07 00
787 02 00
TkaLgr.pf
13,222 10 06
Brandy
Chemicals, dnigs, &.c
355 00 00
374 12 09
607 15 00
1, 138 18 00
1, 801 14 07
1. 178 24 00
50 00 00
Church oriinnicnts and fumiti
ire .......... .
T27 26 00
Cloth and ready-made clothin
Cologne water
17,152 16 06
245 13 00
10,841 13 02
Embroidery -
161 10 00
Haberda8her>-, tricote wares,
Hairnets, trimmingti, &c....
&c
58 26 00
912 20 00
9,995 12 10
Iron-wire chains
3, 272 00 00
i, 724 29 66
2. 173 04 06
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
PRUSSIA.
359
Comparathe atatement of exports from Cologne — Gontinued.
1865— Gontinaed.
Description.
Value for the
quarter ended
March 31.
Value for the
quarter coded
June 3a
Value for the
quarter euded
Sep tember 30.
Value for the
quarter ended
December 30.
Hardware
Linen. linen lacking, and uitcd linen
Jjeather and articles of leather and wool .
Mannfaetures of bnuts
Manufacture!! of Kteel
MnriHte of potawh and saltpetre
Modela and pianofortfjs
Oil paintingM and photographs
Porcelain and paintem' colum
Pereniiidon caps
Pipe« and pipe fixtures
Red and white lead and litharge
Ribbons and velvets
Steel
Stomach bitters
8t<Hieware
Ultramarine
Utrecht velvets
Wines
Tkal.gr. pf.
200 00 00
7,977 23 00
Thai gr. pf,
243 13 00
Thai. gr. pf.
2, 783 13 06
1,964 01 06
"87107 06
"'3426606
2, 949 12 00
1,206 04 06
5, 983 23 01
8, 031 03 09
933 00 00
8,636 00 07
Thnl. gr. pf.
1, 935 17 08
2, 554 13 06
2,719 22 00
3, 714 15 00
11, 077 20 06
4,095 05 00
351 10 00
486 24 00
19, 006 08 00
106, 582 08 03
312 15 00
510 00 00
1, 924 00 00
946 20 00
30, 708 06 04
81, 357 16 02
625 00 00
1.030 28 00
1, 010 24 00
7, 772 06 07
4. 042 20 00
240
17,884
679
1,634
2, 424
267
98,299
39,822
625
375
1.010
17,316
3.859
00 00
21 00
11 02
05 00
10 02
13 05
04 05
29 (X)
00 00
12 00
24 00
09 09
28 06
37 07 06
9, 473 15 00
2,930
1,623
3,250
60.002
53,060
691
138
2,038
28,678
7.636
00 00
17 05
24 06
07 02
00 00
00 00
20 00
06 00
10 09.
04 03
Total.
146,443 05 02 155,607 18 11
219, 331 02 05
246,818 14 11
Barmen — J. H. Albers, Consular Agent.
Statement showing the description and value of exports from barmen to the
United States during the several quarters of the year 1865.
Description.
Value.
liit quarter.
Thai. gr. pf.
Woollen cloths, cassimereg,
satins, Slz 221, 033 14 06
Ribbons of all kinds, trim-
mings, tapeH, Slg 363, 163 14 04
Silk and half silk goodri, l
worsted, cotton & mixed '
dre«« goodrt 1 30, 931 16 09
Iron, steel, brass ware, cut- j
lery, needles and other
hardware | 61,386 00 09
Buttons, button stuffs and ,
clajipH I 19,106 23 00
Dyestuffs, dn«gs, madder,
&c , 7.723 1106
Nickel 3,7-21 12 10
Oil paintings I 440 15 00
Shoddy I 2,813 28 01
Liquors and Cologne water
Cotton yarn ,
SaUduck '
Books
Machinery 720 23 03
Thai. gr. pf.
406, 115 20 06
366, 870 15 11
Value.
2d quarter.
Value.
3d quarter.
Thai. gr. pf.
635,587 14 10
846, 923 11 07
38, 589 13 11 I 121, 937 17 06
78, 347 11 03
18,600 28 04
10, 331 06 09
7. 949 06 02
1, 092 00 00
233 10 00
190 00 00
152, 371 04 07
88, 093 13 05
31,488 14 06
7, 275 09 00
453 00 00
497 06 09
832 15 00
2, 052 20 00
1,085 25 00
1,437 18 10
Total 711.04110 00 9-28.339 25 00 1,890,035 2100
Of which were exported 1
by the way of—
Antwerp, (the greater part i |
ria Liverpool) 188, 010 21 06 305, 677 22 05
Bremen 140,884 06 06 198.148 07 05
Hamburg 1 94,001 14 09 192,631 10 03
Havre 9, 765 26 (M 39,1.36 10 08
Liverpool 271, 4'W 20 11 184, .511 01 03
Rotterdam I 6, 879 10 00 1 8,235 00 00
Southampton [
378, 102 22 02
356, 474 01 09
637, 121 04 05
44. 485 01 02
455, 609 00 01
16,416 09 05
1,827 12 00
Total 711,041 10 00 1928,339 25 00 1,890,035 2100
I I
Value.
4th quarter.
Thcl. gr. pf
401, 563 27 06
1,111,872 04 a>
125, 3fl 23 02
209, 276 26 09
108, 740 19 08
27, 764 17 00
19,618 09 01
2, H.VJ 20 00
7(fci 2.1 06
1, 167 07 11
325 29 00
542 15 (K)
1,078 25 03
2,010,824 10 00
705,101 18 10
356, 155 18 10
400, 542 06 08
4f>, 694 20 10
448, 168 01 04
4, 162 03 06
2,010,824 10 00
Total value for
the year.
Thai. gr. pf.
1, 664, 300 17 06
2, 688, 829 16 00
316, 770 11 04
501. 381 13 04
234, 541 24 05
77.327
38.564
4.844
4. 014
l,i)99
2,611
1,628
2,516
910
21 09
07 01
05 00
00 04
22 11
29 00
10 00
14 01
23 03
5.540,241 06 00
1,576,892 24 11
1,051.662 04 06
1, :m, 296 06 01
140, 081 29 00
1,359.787 26 07
35, 692 22 11
1, 827 12 00
5, 540, 241 06 00
Digitized by LjOOQIC
360
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Grbfbld — P. Von J. Winklbman, Catuular Agent,
Statement thotoing the desfriptian and value of exports from Crefeld to the
United States during the teoeral quarters of the year 1865.
Deieription.
lit quarter. Sd qnurter. 3d quarter. 4tii quarter.
Sllkt
811k goods.
Silk good! and Bilk goods mixed with eotton . .
Sundry cotton* worsted, and silk mixed goods.
Cotton goods ,
Worsted goods
Thai
13,d6dl4"(»
1S,(B0 16(»
543 94 00
Tkml. gr, pf.
21, 154 05 06
96, 616 13 04
37, 154 21 06
6,356 29 00
565 17 00
Paper and manufactures of paper. ,
Musical instruments
Dyers*
Liiquors .
Wines...
Dolls..
1,043 90 00
2,178 13 00
77 10 00
395 23 06
990 00 00
Household effects, wearing apparel, and sundries.
Church ornaments and other church goods
3S0 00 0O
TkdLgr.pf.
78,554 07 08
126, 350 04 03
103; 932 03 02
2,360 18 00
219 18 09
1, 574 08 03
3^826 00 06
55 00 00
567 05 00
556 94 00
S3 10 00
496 94 00
766 07 06
Total..
28,390 19 03
167, 848 13 00
319, 332 11 01
Of which were exported by way of—
Havre, Havre Southampton, Havre Lirerpool .
Liverpool, Antweip Liverpool
Antwerp
Hamburg
Bremen
Rotterdam
Hamburg
Altdna
Trieste
90,368 01 00
110 94 01
3, 130 94 00
506 03 03
4,974 19 11
134,629 06 08
9,730 28 03
11, 510 03 11
8,844 16 06
9,935 09 08
198 00 00
187.975
11,900
19, 341
43,663
53.496
610
1.022
1,321
29 00
25 00
14 03
90 11
13 05
04 00
16 06
08 00
Total 98,390 12 08 167,848 13 00
319,332 11 01
TkaLgT.pf.
68.303 90 06
80,766 00 04
54.635 06 00
21,693 29 09
1,006 0100
6,616 02 00
383 00 00
594 00 00
494 90 06
576 05 06
235^130 27 07
145, 576 10 08
13, 377 07 00
27. 587 10 09
27, 105 29 08
90, 276 13 06
396 00 00
594 05 00
159 00 00
135 11 00
235. 130 97 07
J_
BAVARIA.
NuRBMBBRG^ — G. G. Whbelbr, Consul,
ANNUAL COMMERCIAL REPORT.
October 1» 1865.
The very depressed condition of trade with the United States, which h^an
in the month of July, 1864, continued until May of the present year. The
news of the close of the rebellion being confirmed, trade at once commenced to
revive, and has continued to improve up to the present. For the first time since
1860, exportation to the United States may be stated as very brisk in almost
all classes of goods usually shipped from this consulate, and is doubtless as active
in general as previous to the war. Of looking-glass plates and such varieties of
fancy goods as are not wholly made by hand, the oemand much exceeds the
supply, which is considerably less than usual on account of the extreme drought
prevailing in this portion of Bavaria, thus reducing the water-power of the
country, upon whicn the manufacturers in this section are mainly dependent,
steam power not being as yet generally introduced.
The manufacturers and dealers in three important classes of goods formerly
largely exported to the United States are not, however, sharing in this general
increase of business, nor can tliey under the existing tariff. I refer in particular
to the exporters of horn and ivory combs, playing-cards, and the cheaper qual-
ities of lead-pencils. The cards and pencils appear to be not at all exported,
and of the combs but trifling quantities. A few years ago these articles occu-
pied a very prominent position among the shipments from this district, and
would now be largely exported were &e duty on the same somewhat reduced.
The playing-cards are the variety almost exdusively used by the Germans in
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BAYASIA. 361
AmeincAt and as Nuremberg is the principal place where thej aremanafoctared,
(they appear not to be made in the United States,) the inference is a fair one
that they are extensively smuggled, as not a single invoice of playing-cards has
been authenticated at this office during the past three years. Were the duty
on these three classes of goods moderately reduced, a considerable revenue
might be obtained from sources not yielding any at present.
The recent increase in the exports to the United States during the past year
is exhibited by the following tables :
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362
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
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SAXONY.
363
In December, 1864, a new census of Bavaria was completed. The population
of the kingdom was found to be 4,807,440, an increase since 1861 of 117,603.
Table skotcing the population of the more important Bavarian cities in 1840,
1861, and 1864.
Munich . . .
Nuremberg
Augsburg .
Wurzburg .
Batisbon ..
1840.
95,531
46,824
36,869
26,814
21,94*2
1861.
148,201
62,797
45,389
36,119
27,875
1864.
167,054
70,492
49,332
41,082
29,893
It may not be generally known that Nuremberg, as well as Berlin and Munich,
possesses an excellent bronze foundry. ***•••
SAXONY.
Leipsic — T. Y. Dickinson, Consul.
October 2, 1865.
According to the census of 1864, the kingdom of Saxony had a population of
2,337,192 inhabitants, whereas in 1861 it had only 2,225,240, showing an in-
crease in three years of 111,952. Saxony being, for the most part, a manufac-
turing state, the population of its towns is disproportionately large in comparison
with its rural districts, being 37.99 of the whole. Dresden, the capital, has
145,728 inhabitants, but in 1861 had only 128,152.
Leipsic, the commercial emporium of the kingdom, and the principal mart
of the staples of the entire Zollverein, has 85,394 inhabitants, and had in 1861
only 78,495.
Chemnitz, the largest and most important manufacturing town in this king-
dom, has 54,827 inhabitants, and in 1861 had only 45,432.
Zwickau, the centre of the coal mine region, has 22,432 inhabitants, and in
1861 had but 20,492.
Glauchau, has very large cotton and woollen mills; has 19,296 inhabitants,
and in 186 L had only 16,586.
Freihurg, the principal place in the silver mine district, has 18,877 inhab-
itants, and had in 1861 only 17,488.
Flatten, noted for its cotton mills, has 18,590 inhabitants, and had in 1861
16,166.
Meerana, a cotton and woollen manufacturing place, has 15,714 inhabit-
ants, and had in 1861 only 13,626.
Many smaller towns in Lusatia, where linen and damasks are manufactured,
have likewise greatly increased their population, but a corresponding increase
is not noted in the agricultural districts.
The industry of the kingdom is in such a state of perfection that it is justly
claimed to vie with Great Britain in several branches. It embraces all the ar-
ticles of trade and commerce, and furnishes the same in a degree of perfection
and durability that yields precedence to no other country. The staple branch
of industry is cotton, and the principal places and districts of its manufacture
are the ore mountain and the Saxon voigtland. in the district of Zwickau
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864 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
there are now ninniog 720,000 8pmdle8, bat the importation of raw cotton has
decreaaed, as compared with that of 1860, 267,596 hundred-weight, which is
attributable to the late war in the United States.
There are in Saxony 332 carding and jam mills, with 303,397 spindles.
Nap yam is a mixture of cotton and silk. The proportion varies from 28}
of silk and 71} cotton, to 61} silk and 38} cotton.
Up to the year 1862 American cotton was mostly used, but since that time
the East India and Chinese article has been employed. The selling price of
vigogne and pure cotton got, at last, so fi&r out of proportion to the purchase
price of the raw material, that some kinds could only be spun at a loss to the
manufacturer, and therefore had to be either partially or entirely dropped.
Glauchan, Meerana, and Chemnitz are the principal places for the manufac-
ture of half woollen goods. The gross value of such goods sold in 1864 was
from 12,000,000 to 13,000,000 thalers. The weekly wages of an industrious
weaver were from 3^ to 3§ thalers. The whole number of pieces manufactured
in that year was 700,000, of which 200,000 were produced at Glauchan alone.
All the mines of this countrv belong to government ; 308 of these are worked
by 11,464 miners, and 1,351 day laborers, and produce lead, tin, iron, and co*
bait containing silver. They are situated in the mineral districts of Freiberg,
Marienberg, Altenbere, and Schwarzenberg. During the year 1863 the mines
yielded 55,224 pounds pure silver, 84,798 hundred-weight of lead and 357
hundred- weight of copper, and 10 hundred- weight of cobalt, of an aggregate value
of 1,472,638 thalers. Of zinc there were produced 12,946 hnndr^-weight,
and of tin 821,020.
The coal mines of Saxony are rich, but belong exclusively to private parties.
During the year, those in Zwickau district yielded 27,121,251 hundred-weight,
and m the Planen district 10,737,074.
The propelling power of machines is as follows:
Steam engines. Horse power. Hand labor.
Dresden works 26 918 4,363
Zwickau 97 3,320 5,386
Wurschnitz 35 1,061 1,915
Floha 2 10 46
Total 160 5,309 11,710
Peat is dug near Baulzen, Zittan, Boma, Grimma, and Mittweida. The pro-
duct of this article rose from 3f in 1853, to 8} million hundred-weight per an-
num in 1863.
The commerce of this kingdom depends principally on a chain of railroads,
the foci of which are at Dresden, Leipsic, and Chemnitz. From each of these
places run five different lines. The river Elbe furnishes the only water commu-
nication of the country, and in dry seasons, like the present, the water of this
stream becomes so low as to impede navigation. A short canal, the only one
in Saxony, was opened last year by private enterprise, and is to connect the
Elster river, near Leipsic, with the Saale, near Halle. The completion of this
work will render the transportation of coal and bulky freights much cheaper
than by rail. Excepting the Leipsic and Dresden, the railways belong to, and
are under the exclusive management of, government. Recently, a new line has
been completed from Reichenbach to Eger, connecting the industrial western
part of the kingdom with Bohemia. Many other luies have been projected, and
are awaiting the license of the government. One of these is to run nearly par-
allel with the present road, which connects Leipsic and Dresden, and touches
the manufacturing towns of Grimma, Leising, and Dobeln, whereas the latter
touches Wurzen, Oschatz, and Biesa. Another important line is projected from
Chemnitz to Aunaberg, the place of bobbin lace manufactories^and^a^ope from
8AX0NT. 365
Freibei]g to Gbemnitz, being the last link in the cbain which is to connect mid-
dle Oennany with the east and the west — eastern Europe and France. The
▼hole length of the Saxon railways is 114.75 German miles, of which 86.50
miles belong to goyemment In 1863 the revenue of these lines, for passen-
gers, amounted to 2,376,467 thalers. and for freight 5,600,962. The number
of passengers carried over these lines during the year was 6,183,208, and the
quantity of freight 102,950,822 hundred-weight.
The French-Grerman commercial treaty has had an important influence on the
trade of Saxony and the whole ZoUverein, which at first was concluded between
France and Prussia alone. This treaty was for some time not accepted by the
Bouth German states, which fiivored a protective tariff, but was finally adopted
bj them, and went into operation for the entire Zollverein on the 1st day of
Jolj, 1865. For Saxony there is expected profit only from the treaty. Wine,
Bilk manufactorefl, and the cultivation of the vine, are here only in their infancy.
A like treaty was proposed this year by P^ssia with the kingdom of Italy, and
also between that kingdom and the Zollverein. Obstacles to the conclusion of
Bach a treaty arose from the peculiar position of the Grerman states. Prussia
several years ago recognized the new Italian kingdom, while the greater num-
ber of the states belonging to the Zollverein have steadily refused to do so on
account of dynastic interests. The industrial interests of Saxony are much con-
cenied in the conclusion of this treaty, and the manufacturers seem confident it
may yet be adopted.
One di^culty which affected the manufacturing interests this year was the
falling off in the supply of coal. The producers contended that it was owing to
the increased demand of the south German states, which have recently been
intersected by several new railway lines. The consumers, on the other hand,
attribute it to the lack of means of transportation, the managers of the different
lines not havincp increased their rolling-stock in proportion to the increase of
bnsiness. Goal has risen to 30 and 35 per cent.
The drought of the present season is severe, and has caused a great lack of
vater, but as the manufacturing interests of the country depend very little on
vater power, trade and commerce have suffered little therem>m. Its effect on
the crops, however, has been more serious. Rye, mostly grown here, was but
little affected, while hay, clover, and pasturage of all kinds were seriously im-
paired, and stock suffered considerably.
Leipsic Easter fair of 1865 was more frequented than any previous one by
buyers and sellers both home and from abroad. Much merchandise changed
hands at low rates. Fashionable and fancy goods only brought high prices ;
530 hundred-weight of goods more were exported during this fair than during
that of kst year, consisting mostly of cotton, woollen, silk, and half silk fabrics,
leather, gUss, pearls, &c.; 50,920 hundred-weight more of goods were brought
to this fair than to the previous one. The supply of raw and dry hides was
larger by 1,579 hundrea-weight. The prices were, for —
West India game hides 22 to 26 thalevs per hundred-weight
Baeaos Ayres game hides 20 " 35 '«
German beef hides 17 " 23J "
Heavy calfskins 16 " 16^ "
Inferior calfskins 12J " 13j "
Japanned calfskins 75 " 150 **
Goatskms 70 " 73 "
Sheepskins 75 " 92 "
The prices of sole leather were 32 " 52 "
Tapper leather 13 *' 30 new groschen per pound.
Sheep leather 3} '< 4 thalers for dicker.
Of woollen goods, there were 6,179 hundred-weight more than at the previous
&ir. The prices were less, and much remained unsold. It was only the new
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366
ANNUAL EEPOET ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Styles of goods which sold well. Americans usually bought blue cloths from
Russia and Grimmitzschan, and stuffs for pants and coats from Wirdan. The
supply of cotton goods was 32,238 hundred-weight, 958 hundred- weight more
than last year. Prices were low, especially for muslins, curtains, collars and
blouses.
Of linen goods there were 12,487 hundred-weight, being an increase of 1,073
hundred- weight. Ail these goods sold well, and at fair prices.
Of silk goods there Vere 2,950 hundred-weight, an increase of 64 hundred-
weight. The sale of these was not large, owing to the high prices driving most
buyers from the market.
The supply of half silk goods was 1,183 hundred- weight, less by 32 hundred-
weight. They were much called for, and sold rapidly. A large quantity of
half silk gloves was ordered for the United States.
The business done in lace goods, leather, cloth, coarse and fine hardware,
watches, &c., was generally satisfactory.
T
HANOVER.
Hanover — Ingbbsoll Lockwood, Ckmsul.
January 1, 1865.
Eelative to the commercial relations, merchant navy, &c., of this consular dis-
trict, I have the honor to report as follows :
Statement thotmng the description and value of the exports Jrom Hanover to ike
United States during ihe year ended December 31, 1864.
Deacription.
Haircloth
Zephyr wool
Ultramarine dye ,
Dry goods
Drugs
Photograph lenses
Glazed paper and copy-books
Pipes, felt shoes, wax tapers, glassware, &c
Total
Value
in thalers.
52,J35i
64,4.35i
7,902
28,296
4,970
18,865
5,886
35,707
218,197
Statement shoufing the description, number^ and tonnage of Hanover's merchant
navy during the year ended December 31, 1864.
Vessels.
Seagoing^ vessels
Coasting and river vessels
Steamers
Total
54,169
31,166
511
85,846
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OLDENBURG. 367
Regarding the exports of this consular district,! have to remark that in addi-
tion to inyoices filed at this consulate, large quantities of merchandise produced
in this kingdom are invoiced at the port« of Bremen and Hamburg. * *
The American consul for this kingdom is exempt from the payment of all
taxes, so long as he confines himself to the transaction of consular afi'airs.
OLDENBURG.
Oldbnburu — , Consul.
I beg leave to submit a reporton the commerce and navigation, and on some other
matters of interest concerning the grand duchy of Oldenburg. The area of the
grand duchy is 114.25 German square miles, which number includes the two
principalities of Lubeck (or Eutin) aud Birkenfeld, which, together with the
dachy of Oldenburg, form the grand duchy of Oldenburg. The duchy proper
contains 98.14 square miles. It is perfectly level, very fertile at the north
where the soil is alluvial ground, but for the most part very sandy and rather
unproductive at the south. The number of inhabitants amounts to 240,000 ;
the average population to the square mile is 2,430, the densest being 4,213, the
least dense 907. The inhabitants at the north are almost exclusively Pro-
testants, (171,548;) at the south. Catholics, ^64,881.) There are no large cities
in the state. The capital, Oldenburg, has aoout 13,000 inhabitants ; the other
towns less than 6,000. During the year 1864 but 116 persons immigrated, and
635 emigrated, (431 of them to America.) The former imported property to the
amount of 62,400 thalers; the latter exported 153,105 thalers — ^loss in one year
90,705 thalers.
Oldenburg as a state and body politic compares quite favorably with the other
German states. The property and revenues of the crown and of the state are
strictly separated. The statistics of the latter give the following numbers :
Revenues of the state in 1861, 1,850,000 thalers; expenses of the state in 1861,
1,807,000 thalers; taxes per head, 4 thalers; poor tax in the whole state,
162,175 thalers ; poor tax per head, 17 silver groschen ; number of paupers,
10,014 ; number of paupers, 4.3 per cent.; area of the alluvial soil (marsh) per
jnck, or 1} acre, 177 999 ; area of the diluvial soil (gust) cultivated, 315,983 ;
area of the diluvial soil (gust) not cultivated, 433,140; total net products of
alluvial soil, 1,722,344 thalers; net products of alluvial soil per juck, 9.7 tha-
lers ; net products of diluvial soil cultivated, 1,249,022 thalers ; net products of
diluvial soil cultivated per juck, 4 thalers ; net products of diluvial soil not cul-
tivated, 1 82,872 thalers ; net products of diluvial soil not cultivated, per juck,
0.4 thalers ; total value of alluvial soil, 51,670,314|thalers; total value of allu-
vial soil per juck, 290 thalers; total value of diluvial soil cultivated, 37,470,699
thalers ; total value of diluvial soil cultivated, per juck, 1 12 thalers ; total value of
diluvial soil not cultivated, 5,486,145 thalers ; total value of diluvial soil not
cultivated, per juck, 12 thalers; total yearly income of the inhabitants, 14,880,030
thalers ; total yearly income of the inhabitants per head, 63 thalers.
It is possible that Heppenheim may be an important place one of these days.
The entrance into the harbor, on the Ide gulf, is said to be practicable witl| every
wind, and the road is free of ice during the whole winter. As soon as Heppenheim
has a railroad connexion, it is likely to draw thither part of the navigation of
the ports on the Weser. It is expected that two important railroads will be
finished before the end of the year 1866. They, of course, will have some
influence on inland trade and industry, but foreign commerce will hardly be
affected or stimulated by them, because the legislature, at its last session, has
declined appropriating the means for building a railroad from Oldenburg, or
some other railroad station, to the seaport of Brake, the only seaport of any im-
portance there is at present in the whole state. Digitized by V^OOQ IC
368 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOBEION COMBOBBCE.
The state is, furthermore, providedwith the neeessarj lines of telegraph, the
capital being by snch lines connected with Bremen, Brue, and Heppenheun.
The code of general commercial law, which has been agreed npon by most
Gkrman states, was introduced in this state in October, 1864. Commercial
courts or boards of trade have not yet been instituted, but the government has
promised to take into consideration the proposition of the legislature which ad-
vocated this measure. Up to the year 1861 the industry of the inhabitants of
this state was impeded by the usual ancient restrictions — nobody was allowed
to open a shop or to establish a business of any kind except by special permis-
sion of the respective courts and guilds. In the vear mentioned the liber^ of
commencing any kind of business was granted by law, excepting, however, law-
yers, physicians, apothecaries, inn-keepers, retailers of spirits, and brokers.
Since uiat time most of the guilds have voluntarily dissolved ; some new branches
of trade have become more extensive ; several new wind and steam mills and
steam bakeries have been established ; many cloth stores have been changed
into merchant tailors' shops. Several classes of mechanics have become more
active in consequence of competition, yet it cannot be affirmed that the influence
of the law mentioned has been very great, which cannot be the case until those
laws which, more or less in all German states, prevent its citizens from moving
from one place to another, even in their native state, are repealed.
The occupations of the inhabitants of this state may be classed under three
different heads: 1, agriculture; 2, industry; and 3, commerce and navigation,
since the inhabitants are classified as follows :
Agriculture, (including the digging of peat) 14<^,669
Industry, (in its most limited sense) 50,391
Commerce 5,897
Other pursuits, (including 349 inn-keepers and 789 hotel-keepers). . . 11,889
Personal services 8,609
Public service, scientific pursuits. ...« 10,500
Without any particular avocation 6,203
Total population 239,158
The above table shows that more than one-half of the entire population are
engaged in agriculture. Still, though the latter is the chief occupation of the
inhabitants, it is not exactly carried on in the most improved manner. In the
northern part the soil is so fertile that it pays the small amount of labor be-
stowed on it most liberally ; in some districts the land is principally used as
meadows for raising and uttening an excellent stock of cattle which finds a
ready market in England, whither they are carried in steamboats. There were
carried to London and Hull from Nordinhamm, a small port below Brake, on
the Weser—
Homed cattle. Sheep.
In 1863 5,268 3,399
In 1864 8,449 2,371
This exportation, together with some other causes has raised the price of meat
considerably. From 1830 to 1853 a pound of beef cost 2§ silver gr.; veal, 2
silver gr.: pork, 3^ silver gr. In 1865 a pound of beef cost 4 silver gr.; veal,
4 silver gr.; pork, 5 silver gr.
In consequence of these prices, American lard has already been imported for
several years, as it seems, to advantage, and it does not appear unreasooable to
expect that corned beef would also pay a handsome profit if imported firom the
United States. A little more labor, other than in raising cattle, is required on
the other fields in the northern parts of the state, where they grow rape-seed.
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HANOVER. 369
boree beans, oats, &c. It is true, wages have also risen, twenty years ago a
farm laborer earned board and from 10 to 35 thalers a year; whereas he
now receives board and from 30 to 100 thalers. Still, the farmers realize without
any great effort satisfactory profits, unless there occurs a drought, which is
apt on that soil to prove more than usually fatal to the grass and the crops.
In the southern part of the state there are large peat-bogs, which furnish the
inhabitants with fuel ; when they are drained, and when the heath on the dry
tracts is burned, buckwheat and rye thrive there very well; the latter, on the
whole, is the staple product of that region. The people now keep large tracts
of land as barren heaths, where they feed a small kind of sheep covered with
a coarse kind of wool. These flocks are kept for the sake of furnishing the
irecessary amount of manure for the other fields. This primitive mode of fer-
tilizing and working the soil does not yield much more grain than is necessary
for the support of the inhabitants.
The above table further shows that 50,391 persons engaged in industrial pur-
suits, meaning, of course, both those that really work (24,219) and those that
are depending on them, (26,172,) about the same proportion as in the class of
farmers, the active persops being about one-half of the whole number. Those
persons work, for the most part, as mechanics in their own shops, alone or with
few helps ; there are but few large manufacturing establishments in the state.
There are four cotton-spinning factories, with 53,102 spindles, employing 790
hands, and having spun, in 1864, about 38,850 cwt of cotton ; 3 cotton-weaving
factories, with 279 looms ; 7 cord factories, employing 85 hands ; 9 printing offices,
employing 63 hands ; 5 cork factories, employing 313 hands, importing 468,000
pounds of cork-wood, selling in the country 180,700 pounds of fabricated corks;
23 £faw-mills, employing 66 hands; 72 oil mills, employing 110 hands; 33 lime-
kilns, employing 76 hands; 168 brick-kilns, employing 1,310 hands; 65 distil-
leries, employing 148 hands, using 68,749 cwt. rye, 6,537 cwt. barley, 26 cwt
wheat, 104 cwt. buckwheat, and 88 cwt. potatoes, yielding 17,372 quarters or
3,474,400 pounds of spirits, paying in 1864 a tax of 56,571 thalers; 129 brew-
eries, employing 525 hands; 31 tobacco factories, employing 551 hands, besides
SI smaller firms, employing 114 hands; 301 flour-mills, employing 654 hands,
with 541 sets of millstones ; 5 eteam-mills, together of 48 horse-power ; 59 water-
mills, 144 wind-mills, and 15 horse-mills ; 2 iron works, employing 509 hands,
and 12 steam-engines, with 349 horse- power ; one of them used 125,840 cwt. pig
iron (64,427 cwt. German and 61,413 cwt. English iron) and 7,790 cwt. waste
iron, and produced 12,920 cwt. of cast-iron ware, and 86,705 cwt of bars, nails,
tires, and hoops ; the other used 1 20,580 cwt of pig iron, and produced 15,000 cwt
of cast-iron ware, and 74,215 cwt of bars, nails, tires, hoops, and sheet-iron;
5 iron foundries, employing 187 hands, and 3 steam-engines, with 30 horse-
power; 51 dock-yards, with 75 ships, employing, on an average, daily, 972
workmen, each of whom earned about 20 silver grbschen (48 cents) a day. They
built 67 new vessels, of 5,048 lasts.
Lastly, I have to mention that a gentleman of this city has been trying these
three years to supply the deficiency of cotton by preparing, spinning, and weav-
ing the fibres of a plant called China grass, which I do not find mentioned
among the exports from China to the United States in 1863. Perhaps it is the
eame that I find mentioned by the name of jute in the Annual Report on Foreign
Commerce for 1863, page 225. The gentleman thinks he has overcome the dif-
ficulties the attempts have met with elsewhere, and he showed me some sam-
ples of a beautiful color, fibre, texture, and great durability in water. As soon
a^ I am allowed I shall send specimens of this article.
There were employed in ocean navigation 235 vessels, tonnage 2,036 hands;
coasting and river, 399 vessels, tonnage 1,093.
Vessels owned in the state at the beginning of 1865, in the region of the Idc,
^^^* Digitized by ^^OOgle
370
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
66, with a tonnage of 1,517 lasts ; on the tributaries of the Ems, 135, tonnage
2,197 lasts ; in the region of the Weser, 184, of 25,066 lasts. At the begia-
Tiing of 1864, 398 vessels, with a tonnage of 28,431 lasts. Total number of
vessels, 783 ; total tonnage, 57,241 lasts.
At Brake there arrived, in 1862, 433 sea-going vessels, tonnage 35,740 lasts;
1863, 421 sea-going vessels, tonnage 33,501 lasts; 1864, 311 sea-going ves-
sels, tonnage 23,701 lasts.
Cleared, — 1862, 433 sea-going vessels, tonnage 35,700 lasts ; 1863, 420 sea-
going vessels, tonnage 33,500 lasts ; 1864, 287 sea-going vessels, tonnage
23,614 lasts.
It will be seen that the port of Brake was, in 1864, much less frequented
than in the preceding years. This was principally owing to the Dano-GermaDic
war ; partly, also, to the fact that the German coals began to compete with the
English in the region depending on Brake for its supply.
The port of Brake does not increase in importance as much as circumstances
would seem to have warranted ; it is one of the cheapest of European port«, and
admits vessels drawing twenty feet of water, and is a Aree port ; it has a basin
800 feet in length and 350 feet wide, and is provided with a lock; it cost
200,000 thalers, and affords as safe a harbor as Bremerhaven. But as long as
Brake is without railroad connexions, it cannot compete with Bremerhaven,
which has steadily gained the ascendency over it. Before Bremerhaven was
founded there arrived at Brake, in one year, about 600 vessels ; in 1834 this
number sank as low as 194 ; in 1836 it went down to 128. Since that time it
increased until 1856 ; in 1861 there arrived, on an average, 500 vessels a year.
The above statement shows the decrease during the following three years.
Formerly, there arrived several American vessels every year ; during the la?t
eight years, but two or three.
Tabular statement showing the numbtr and natwnality of vessels which entered
and cleared at Brake during the year 1864, whether employed on the ocea^
or coast and river.
Nationality.
ENTER
Ocean
navigation.
65
108
tED.
Coast and
river.
CLEARED.
Ocean ' Coast and
navigation. | river.
Oldenburg
560
128
54
S-i.>
Hanover
131*
United States
Bremen
6
3
35
14
1
5
4
13
18
37
1
1
194
4
3
30
12
1
7
3
12
30
38
I
1
leo
Hamburg ... ...........
Holland
1
1
Denmark
Liibec
Norway
Sweden
PruMia
3
»*
Russia
England
Columbia ............ . .... .. .
Hawaii
Lippe
1
1
Total
3J1
888
287
1,152
Digitized by LjOOQIC
HANOVER.
371
Statement ahowivg the imports at Brake during the years 1861 to 1864, under
the distinctions of carrying, commission, and individual accounts.
Articles imported.
1861.
Grain, carryipg pounds
commission do..
individnal do..
Coal, English, carrying lasts, 11,000
individual do do. .
German, individual do do..
Iron, carrying pounds .
individual do.
Other metals, commission do.
individual do.
Wire, individual do.
Anchors and chains, carrying do.
commission do.
individual do.
Petroleum, carrying barrels, 300 each.
commission
individual
Rice-llour, (fodder meal,) carrying pounds
individual
Wine and spirits, carrying pounds.
individual do.
Tobacco, raw, carrying do.
Pine wood, individual cubic feet.
Cotton, raw, carrying pounds.
Herring, carrying do...
Coffse, raw, carrying do. . .
Cork wood, carrying do. . .
Alkali, carrying do. . .
Potash, carrying do...
Cedar wood, carrying do...
Sugar, raw and muscovado, carrying do...
Sirup and molasses, carrying do. . .
Glass, carrying do...
Hides, carrying do...
Blubber oil, carrying do...
Salt, carrying do. . .
Logwood and fustic, carrying do. . .
Rice, carrying do...
Tar, canying i do...
Slate, carrying do...
Hemp, carrying do. . .
SulpW, carrying do. . .
Sundries, carrying do. . .
Total carrying in 1861 .
Total carrying in 1863.
Total carrying in 1864.
13,691,561
Not reported
Not reported
6,830
5,035,519
5,802,485
'5,"3i5,"526
1,951,666
807,400
3,102,100
1,236,149
2,716,296
1,567,683
4, 310, 100
1,375,800
"ii," 402,915
136,478,194
69,463,058
52,717,692
1864.
4,098,000
1,588,»>0
3,465,800
1,080
29
32
5,692,491
1,171,995
184,516
51,891
9,289
l,a55,627
396,795
172, aso
4,396
8,503
285
186,830
290,250
2,826,282
231,692
3,211,768
122,215
469,260
366,000
219,787
175,780
1,420,786
1,095,650
860,000
218,300
772,000
281,247
222,470
208,000
676,000
887,502
5,793,678
113,600
1,430,000
872,429
764,000
6,399,650
Digitized by LjOOQIC
372 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
HOLSTEIN AND SCHLESWIG.
CENSUS OF HOLSTEIN AND SCHLESWIG, DECEMBER, 1864.
(From authentic soxurces.)
Population of Holstein 653, 210
Popnlation of Schleswig 405, 369
Total 958, 579
Total area, 318^ German square miles.
POPULATION OP PRINCIPAL TOWNS.
In Holstein, Altona 52, 781
In Holstien, Kiel 18, 695
In Schleswig, Flensburg 20, 138
In Schleswig, Schleswig 10, 944
Digitized by LjOOQIC
HOLSTEIN AND SCHLESWIG.
373
2C
^§
i?
S-5
« it
I*
I
! I
J
«
n2itt9 pinpY
i)8«I xt\ 'aSvanox
•OK
'o8jnB3 (onf 9y
•ON
I *o&reo i«Qpy
I I
•OK
'o8i93 pni^dy
tiw^i vi\ *9dl«iraox
•OK
is
•o&tBO iBO^ay
•OK
'II
'oJUva i«n)9y
ji^iviii] *8J9«iraox
•OK
iL
IS
i 5
I 50
•ojijvo ivmoy
tltvi o|'oi8«ixaox
•OK
•cfljva [viMoy
iimXHl'oSviiaox
OK
I
It
11
■I
I
85S §s issags
s
-i.-i^rt«o-i
8;:
8 55
■<«■ 'Tinet
of
is
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ii
is
^s
|3
^l§
§
^^u
r^ n
6
4S
BB
3*3 1
o o •
Elll
e V u a
Digitized by
Google
374
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
Statement sliowing the number^ tonnage in lasts, and actual cargo of vesiek
touching at the port of Gluckstadt to discharge part of their cargoes during
the year 1865.
Countries and portg whence.
Schlenwig-Hol- Hamborg and
Rtein vesseli. PruMian.
i I
a
a
i I
British, Nether-
lands, and Nor-
wegian.
6 I o
?5 I H
Total
i i
h ■ <
m I i\
71
134 jO
1 I
2w;
m i
im I .>5i
184 I 10
116* I I
Si" 6-'i
532 124
Inland, except Altona
Elbe port! and Heligoland. .
Netherlands
France
Total of part discharge. .
Vt$*d8 in di$trt9$.
Denmark
Norway
Hamburg
Other Elbe ports.
O eat Britain
61* I
7i
2*
12
2*1
Total in distresR
Total of part discharge and In
distress
28i
*77"'
29*
134
163*
56
55*
42*
18*
61*
10
105* I 55*
174* 58
122*
122*
16*
55
71*
235
56
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN
375
THB WHOLK OUTWARD COMMERCE OF THE ELBE DURI.NG THE YEAR 1S65.
No. 1. — Statement showing the nationalitify number, tonnage and aclual cargo
(measured in commerce lasts) of all sailing vessels and steamers departed
from Gluckstadt during the year 1865.
wig-HolHtein
•esiieln.
8AILIX0 Vl
German, Swedinh.
Norwegian, Danish,
Netherlandu and
Runian.
LSSKLS.
British and
Spanish.
& i
CooQtries or portii where
boand.
Rchleii
Total.
No.
Tonnage.
Cargo.
No.
Tonnnge.
Cargo.
H . 5
nor portf of the Elbe
Foreifn.— Sweden, Den-
mark, Hambarg, other
£!be porta, and Heligo-
land. Bremen, Holland,
(;reat Britain and Spain. .
833 3,8CTi2,096i
1
573 |3,436i 405}
13
2G4
142i
t
1 2,4421
20J
602
1
1 '2k....
30 2,235 38
847
867
4, 012} 2, 116}
8,113}'l,045}
Total
1,406 7,303*2,502
1
277
5
>
1
27
1 2,584^
'ESSELS T
134
231
6±2i
STEAM
274
3C0MP
31 ,2,237f 38
1 1
LRS.
5 83U 210
LETE CARGO.
1,714
10
16
1 ^'
12, 125} 3, 162
1
1
1,982*' 482
FcnrtgiL— Hamburg and
oth«r ports of the Elbe,
areat Britain and United
Statw
1
(.'oTintrii:* or portt whence
Shlfswig-Holiteln vessel*
for iDterior portg of the
Elbe !7,. ..
15
14
821
73f
32
11
;
216*
304}
32
For<>ifii.— Hamburg and
other Elbe porU and Ol-
•Jenborg
67*
78^
Total
29
ISGi 4^
28
365
' 67i
1....
' 57
52U
110*
1
Frankfort-on-the-Main — W. N. Murphy, Consul.
Januarv 11, 1S65.
Ag usual I have the honor to furnish you with an annual review of the trans-
actioDs of the exchange of this place in 1864.
The past year will scarcely receive in the annals of the Frankfort exchange
an asterisk to distinguish it from former years, and although the exchange list
of last December shows better figures than that of the preceding year, still the
improvement is not to be estimated too high in consideration of the fact that
the last year closed with the prospect of a political tranquillity, while the former
jear ended with the expectation of the conflict of the Dano-German question,
The first part of the year just closed stood under the pressure of that conflict,
and the German exchanges deserve in fact the credit that they acted with self-
possession during that struggle in the north, not allowing themselves to be
frightened in an unnecessary degree by the war-cry which was raised. Scarcely
Was the war, in the middle of the year, ended, when the money crisis arose in
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
376 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
the principal European markets, and acted as a powerful agent iu stagnating
business expectations. A great part of the cause lay in the evil consequences of
the stock-jobbing and overstrained credit of the former years. Frankfort has
been only indirectly affected by this crisis, and has maintained its long-known
celebrity for caution and solidity. Truly, the bank was obliged, principally in
self-defence against an outward pressure, to i-aise the rate of discount in last
September to 5 J per cent., and to remain on this, for Frankfort very high-stand-
ing, nearly three whole months. The stringent state of money affairs and the
limitation of credit produced during the last months of the past year a great
stagnation in exchange business. From an examination of the particulars, it
appears that the business in the Austrian stocks, formerly so active on the ex-
cuange here, suffered through the competition of the newly issued state papers of
Germany, as well as through that of United States stocks, which in this city
and its south German branches have won to themselves an extremely extensive
field.
The last year brought the 100-florin Austrian state lots and the 5 per cent,
silver metallics. The success of these two loans has hitherto been unfavorable.
The lots of 1864, appearing in February at 93, sank under the pressure of the
gold and credit crisis, which caused considerable realization first hand, down to
82. Their competition at any rate damaged the exchange of the credit lots.
The business of the lots of 1862, which in the former year was so lively, has
somewhat slackened, as the speculation in American stocks has proved a more
convenient investment.
For the safe investment of capital, the 5 per cent, new English metallics are
preferred. Nevertheless, the older Austrian stocks, which have become natural-
ized here, maintained the year through a proportionally good standing, and leave
the year almost the whole of them, after the rise which the last days brought,
at better rates of exchange than those at which they had entered the year.
In German confederation state papers Frankfort continues to rule the market.
Here is real demand and business on ready money, and every government will
be glad when it succeeds in introducing its obligations here. Against the low
rate of exchange which the papers of many large states fetch, the par and above
par, which distinguishes the funds of the smaller German states, is a gratifying
proof of their safe and honorable financial economy. They have, fortunately,
no high policy to pursue, nor armed peace to maintain. Their budget knows
only surpluses, ana has no deficits ; the considerable liquidations keep the public
debt always on a normal level, and the new loans are, as a rule, of a productive
nature. Therefore, money is willingly offered them, and the exchange on their
papers is stable, maintaining its ground when everything else is depi^essed.
There was last year a slight relaxation in consequence of the bad state of the
money market and the high rate of discount > which occurred by making some
realizations to procure ready money. With regard to foreign state papers
things have not been so favorable. Setting aside the Swiss papers, which range
pretty nearly on a level with the south German, all otners have suffered
through the circumstances of the times. Sweden has strained her credit too
ranch, and Germany seems, for the present, to be equally satiated. Also in
respect to the Russian finances, the former favorable opinion has been ratlier
diminished here, and their value being kept down, especially through the oppo-
sition on the part of the leading speculators in and advocates of Austrian se-
enrities. Fate has hitherto preserved this market from Italian stocks. On the
other hand, it has been so much the more carried away with American securi-
ties. There were weeks and days when such a speculation took place in
United States bonds as does not have, perhaps, its equal in New York itself.
The sums which have been invested in United States securities, in direct pur-
chase as well as in exchange for Austrian papers, exceeded at the time all that
lias ever been known before. The constancy with which the capitalists not
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FBANKFORT-ON-THE-M AIN. 377
only preserved, but also augmented, their means by the so-called " mixing,"
even when the exchange was falling as much as 30 per cent, against the ex-
change at the beginning of the year, merits some rewarding result.
In railway shares this market remains limited. The old devices naturalized
here fr<«n the beginning as the " Tauneus, Hanover, Palatinate, and Bavarian
East railways," as they are for the most part in firm possession, seldom change
hands, and are scarcely subjected to the fluctuations of speculations, and they
all closed the year at advanced prices. The Hessian Ludwigs railway has its
t*upport and business centre in Berlin, and the prejudice which has for a long
time existed against the stocks of this company does not as yet seem to be
entirely removed. This is apparent by the general meeting, where Frankfort is
very feebly represented. There was last year also a little more business in State
railways, but only a faint reflection of the activity of past years. The majority
of the shares have passed into the hands of French holders, and the Germans
do not seem to have any desire to show them the favor.of former years. The
building account, which appears as if it would never close, as well as the unlimited
ii^suing of primary shares, which already absorb the State guarantee, frighten
off speculation. The defective system of financial policy in Vienna has given
to the Austrian railroad shares a blow from which they will not recover until
the vacillating policy is abandoned and business conducted upon well settled
principles. Of what use to the foreigner is guarantee of interest which by
^supplementary taxes can be diminished at pleasure. South Germany may now
repent of the confidence with which it at the time favored the new railways and
a:(sisted them with considerable loans. The gi'eat losses which it in conse-
quence suffers especially affect the middle classes. After this bitter experience
the guarantee of interest on the new Austrian shares lost its attraction ; so much
the more it is to be regretted that the Rhine Nahe railway has also shaken the
confidence in the better Prussian railways. The Rhine, Cologne, Minden, N.
Bergisch, and Mark railway lines, for instance, would otherwise have quite as
good a claim to the attention of capitalists, and to be quite as near, or nearer,
the Frankfort exchange as Austrian or Bohemian West railway.
Italian railway shares have nearly disappeared from this market, and under
present circumstances there is not much lost by their disappearance. The rail-
way primary shares met with a more general, as well as favorable, reception.
Their number has been enriched by many new sorts ; they have become a very
popular investment, and the transactions in them have been considerable.
The solvency of the greater portion of them can be depended on, and where
it was a question of caution, the lew rate of exchange at which tiiey were
i«:«ned yielding an interest of from six to seven per cent., they were attractive.
As to American railway securities the market is inactive.
The experience of the year 1864 has been of such a character as to fail in
removing the aversion which more or less exists against the system of credit
Mobilier and its associations. Even in Paris the speculators seem to have lost
the desire of snatching the chestnuts out of the tire for the credit Mobilier;
the German credit banks now enjoying a moderate existence, and a few of
them may perhaps merit a better fate than to see their efforts to restore a par
exchange frustrated.
Private persons have decidedly turned their backs against the credit shares,
and, with the exception of the Austrian shares, speculation in them has also be-
come quite limited. Here and there some transitory revival takes place, in
which the managers and directors for the most part are expressly intervening
parties ; for as eight years ago new series were always being issued, and they
could not possess capital enough, so they have now gone over to tlie opposite
extreme, and purchase the very stock which they themselves put in market.
From this it iucontestably follows that the whole system of the credit Mobilier
suffers from an organic defect, for otherwise what was originally considered a
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
378
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
blessing would not afler a short time have proved an evil. The credit banks
have failed in part, and in part imperfectly fulfilled the objects thej commenced.
The banking business was for the most part carried on by them with specula-
tive objects. Very few had means for a discount business of bill bank shares ; the
Frankfort ones tnjoy continued favor, and closed the year with an adiyince of
10#. Those also of the Austrian national bank showea a proportionably good
and firm bearing with respect to their value, they are firmly advancing towards
their recovery. The past year brought again to this place a large stock of loans
of all kinds, of which I only mention the following, which affect this market
directly :
Austrian florins, 100 state lots, 40,000,000 florins, 5 per cent. Austrian silver
loan of 90,000,000 florins, 4^ per cent. Canton Bern loan of 3,000,000 frauci^.
130,000 of the 3 per cent, obligation of Leghorn railroad of 500 francs, 5 per
cent. Loan of Swiss central railroad of 5,000,000 francs. Two million 5 per
cent, silver primary shares of Galician railroad. 5 per cent, loan of the Counti»
Zichy V Vasanetteo of 340,000.
The following table gives a view of the difierences of exchange during iIm*
last year in comparison with the highest and lowest rates of the year before
It contains the stocks which here form the principal means of investment
and speculation, and which generally give tone to the market. In the same
table there appear for the first time the 6 per cent. United States bonds for
1882, in whicn class of American securities the principal transactions were had.
The highest rate of exchange of most of the stocks, especially of the Aus-
trian, falls in the middle of April, the lowest in the beginning of February, on
the outbreak of hostilities in Schleswig. American stocks were at their highest
point at the beginning of the year, from which time they had a falling tendency,
which in July and August was the most remarkable. Since September the}-
recovered themselves a little, but were not able again to reach the rate of 50.
I have given in the table, to facilitate the examination of the same, especially in
comparison with other 'exchanges, the rate of exchange in per cents., excepting
in those of the Austrian bank shares and credit lots.
Name of stocks.
5 per cent. EDf^lish metallics.
5 per cent, natioual
5 per cent, metallics
4^ per cent, metallics
5 p^T cent. Austrian lots
Austrian credit lots
4-^ per cent. Bavarian
4 per cent, Baden
3| per cent. Wurtemburff
5 per cent. Russian ,
6 per cent. U. S. bonds, 1882
Austrian bank shares
Austrian credit shares
Darmstadt credit Hharon
Frankfort bank
Bavarian Eastern railroad
Bexbach railroad
Rhine Nahe railroad
Frankfort Hanau
Taunos railroad
Austrian western railroad . . .
Vienna exchange
Jan. 2,
Dec. 31,
HiKbest
Lowest
1H64.
1864.
1864.
1864.
77i
7<H
801
554
64f
m
694
eai
58
60
&n
55}
52
53
m
494
77i
m
86J
72f
134
vm
135i
120
1001
lOli
102}
lUOi
100
99}
1001
991
941
96i
96J
934
85i
m
Hdi
83J
Hicrhest
.ighesi
1863.
i Lowest
68
753
77
80
i:«
108
1391
25
95
126f
54^
461
7e4
76
88|
1421
nil
]49i
2.5i
98'
i:«
56
lUli
«4f
731
68i
621
92
146i
104i
lOOi
98
93|
77
860
lOOf
99i
137
169i
145
35i
103f
130
(i8i
10.*^
70
611
55J
4fc*i
7H
126
lUO
95)
92f
e2t
62^
7(4
82
\'2iH
10t>*
VU^
2:r
12l»
92i
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN. 371)
TLe past twelve months were generally less favorable to a prosperous devel-
opment of commerce and industry than the preceding year. The principal cause
was of course our civil war, which exercised, however, a different influence than
it did daring the three preceding years, inasmuch as it hastened more and more
towards its termination, and therefore, in consequence of its varying fortune from
one side to the other, was the cause of stronger and more frequent fluctuations
both in the money market and business generally.
The raising of our import duties, and still more the apprehension of a fur-
ther rise in the same, contributed, moreover, not a little towards frequently inter-
rupting the commercial intercourse with the United States, that most import-
ant market for German manufacturers and wholesale dealers.
Bat also in Europe, on German soil itself, a menacing conflict broke out, of
which no one could say beforehand how far it would assume greater dimensions,
and carry its tide, when once without restraint, beyond the goal desired by the
sympathies of the nation.
The uneasiness which springs from the knowedge of how untenable the old
order of things is in opposition to the inadequacy of the new order which is
offered us here, and which is a feeling that rules and characterizes our entire
age — ^this uneasiness is reflected in the interior economy so inseparably connected
with the course of politics, and hampering its principal motive powers, namely,
a desire of industrial enterprise and commercial specnlation. If, in addition,
direct interruptions of trade take place, the activity of commerce is then limited
exclusively to the accommodation of the most necessary wants and troubles
itself, only to meet the requirements of the morrow. With the exception of
some few individual branches which were favored by circumstances, the forego-
ing was the character of trade in the past year. While the first six months
were especially influenced by the war, the high rate of gold during the latter
half of tne year, and the distrust which arose from numerous failures in foreign
countries, made an unfavorable impression on the whole trade. With respect to
a great number of branches of commerce in this town, the unfavorable position
of the population of the country must be taken into consideration, inasmuch as
it was obliged partly in consequence of the slack sale of the products of the
farms, to confine its consumption to that which was absolutely necessary.
While in general commerce relations with other countries had not oeen entirely
carried out, in oi-der to make up for the deficiency in the supply from the Amer-
ican market, internal traffic has been changed in its nature and developed by
the managers of the transport business, fast increasing yearly, which neces-
sarily must bring about an alteration in the arrangements which have existed
up to the present time, and which, as Buch, are now prejudicial, and instead of
which no suitable plan has yet been discovered. The cheap and easy means of
transportation and travelling lessen more and more the former great importance
of fairs, and favor direct commercial transactions between manufacturers and
consamers. The mutual competition of the great railways which connect the
ports with the principal markets also tends continually to divert the old trans-
port business from its former safe and lucrative channel. Whatever complaints
may be raised or measures taken by the authorities, the former state of things
will never return, but may perhaps, here and there, cause the change to be less
felt, but will never be able to avert the change itself now impending.
For the increase of competition there is only an increase of intercourse to be
gained as compensation. And in so far as it will be difficult for the merchant
to continue his former relations, and his customary way of conducting business, it
i:« certain that he will be obliged to enter at once into new relations and seek a
new way of conducting business, so as to keep up with the spirit of the times.
This knowledge of the state of the case does not, however, prevent the allowance
that this change in commercial intercourse, until it is fully carried out, is the
cause of great temporary complications, which weigh heavily on Frankfort, from
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
380
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
its geographical position, as being suited for commerce. Nevertheless this city
has an equivalent to the same in important resources which it enjojs, and in the
extensive credit it possesses in foreign countries, which on account of the favor-
able condition of its commerce enable it to enter into the conflict with confidence.
The trades, and the proportionately but only slightly injured manufactories of
this place, reauire a larger sphere of operation, and some of the stoppages which
have taken place piesent no slight difficulty. On the other hand, among the
unfavorable conditions from which commercial activity suffered last year, some
active movements are conspicuous. In particular, this city has to thank the
new trade reguiatians which came into effect in May, 1864. Even now, after not
much more than a year's existence, one can remark that the same have exer-
cised a highly beneficial influence on commerce and trades. This is particularly
remarkable in the case of trades, of which, for example, that of the butchers is to
be mentioned, which has experienced quite an unexpected extension ; and it is
natural to suppose that others have been benefited in a like manner. Moreover,
the removal of some obsolete prohibitions, such as the union of various houses of
business under one proprietor and partnership with foreigners, has strengthened
the trades of the city. Another pleasing event of the past year, by which not
only commerce and trades, but also the future efforts of the nation, will be freed
from their greatest cares and apprehensions is the stipulated renewal of the Zoll-
verein and the final settlement of the custom duties on free trade principles with
France, Belgium, and Switzerland, as well as the commercial treaty with
Austria.
By this means a condition of paralyzing uncertainty and embittered agitation
has been put to an end, which for four years influenced the trade and industry
of the Zollverein, and threatened, in the most prejudicial way, seriously to in-
jure the Unity of the nation through an endless party spirit. After the king-
dom of Saxony had, on the 11th of May, 1864, taken the lead, by the conclu-
sion of a treaty with Prussia, the free city of Frankfort followed, on the 16th of
June, with a treaty with the custom and trade confederation of Baden, the
electorate of Hesse and Thuringen, and also with Brunswick, by which means,
on the 16th of May, 1865, a convention was finally signed by the representa-
tives of all the States of the Zollverein.
The annexed table furnishes a statement of the principal imports and exports
of Frankfort in 1864, as compared with those of 1863, explaining, at the same
time, the principal causes of increase or decrease of the imports of the Zollverein
in 1864, and the percentage of the share which this free city has in the total
import.
On account of the Zollverein the following duties were collected from the totiil
traffic of this place :
Year.
1
Import duties.
Florins. K.
1,574,535 .54
1,493,628 30
Export duUea. Total.
1864
Florins. K,
75,974 12
79,283 45
Florins. K.
1,650,610 6
1863
1,572,912 15
1864iucrease
80,907 24
80,907 24
3864 decrease
3,309 3.3
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FEANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN.
381
The following is a etatement of the imports of goods subjected to excise in
1864, as compared with those of the preceding year:
NET AMOUNT.
Bread and cakes pouDds . . >
Meal metter. .
Barley and beer ahm..
Smoked meat pounds..
Wine made from other fiiiit than
^pes ahm . .
Wme do...
Brandy do...
Vinegar do. . .
Barley for cattle metter..
Oats do...
Hay cwt..
Straw do. . .
Charcoal do. . .
Tan bale do...
Coal do...
Turf do...
Beech wood cords . .
Oaks and firs do...
Faggots pes . .
1664.
1,334,539
136,352
108,229
115,495
25,941
8,420
3,804
952
153
65,528
87,207
60,741
27,936
4,311
885,745
2,674
50,822
7,636
1,161,175
1864.
1863.
Increase.
894,490
130,688
98,591
195,125
16,474
8,660
2,610
911
*483
60,252
83,671
56,464
16,063
4,620
773,733
3,008
47,614
7,395
873,300
450,049
5,664
9,638
9,467
1,194
41
5,276
3,536
4,247
11,873
82,012
3,208
241
287,875
Decrease.
79,630
240
330
:J09
':W4
The extent of the traffic of the fairt is shown by the following statement,
which on this occasion points out a decrease for both fairs from that of the pre-
vious year in imports as well as in exports :
IMPORTS.
Easter fair,
1864.
Autumn fair,
1864.
A. By the gates of the city
I9,722i
29,808i
30,727i
21,920
B. By the railways
31,210ft
C. Bv the water
20,750f
Total
80,2571
96,216i
73, 881 i
On the other hand, 1863
75, I82|
Decrease in 1864
15,959
1,^^11
EXPORTS.
(a) By land
K}f) By water
Total
On the other hand, 1863
Decrease in 1864
Easter fair,
1864.
C\ct,
20,3381
29,257i
49,595f
52.860i
Autumn fair,
1864.
Cuit,
20,3351
16,646f
:J6,982
50,5121
13,53C|
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382 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The Btatistical item 6 of the two fairs of the present year cannot, of coarse, he
given as yet. As regards the last autumn fair, which has just terminated, it is
to be stated that the result, regarded as a whole, was satisfactory both to manu
facturers and dealers. Some manufacturers complained, as they always will :
still they ought to attribute their failure to themselves, inasmuch as it is very
hard inaecd for many of them to give up the old routine and adapt themselver*
to the new order of things, seeing that, through free trade, and especially that
with France and England, and through the new beneficial commercial treaties
in general, the demand on German manufacturers has greatly increased, which
is especially remarkable in the case of pattern goods. It is, therefore, particu-
larly praiseworthy that in the neighboring town of Offenbach several manufac-
turers have coalesced to establish a school for pattern-drawers. If the manu-
facturers of the other German seats of industry would work in a like manner in
unison to meet the requirements of their trade, the time would not be far dis-
tant when the Germans would be able to compete with the foreign manufactories.
In the branch of manufactured goods, sellers had, for the most part, reason to
be content with the results. Seldom, when purchasers found what they required,
have goods been bought so readily and so quickly as during this fair. The
warehouses were not filled to repletion, as formerly, and on account of the
lively demand during the summer, the supplj* was not equal to the demand,
and 80 there was a continual tendency to an increase in tne price of raw ma-
terial. The trade in &ncy goods for autumn and winter was venr lively and
beyond the supply, especially in the case of Saxon goods. The advantages of
the new commercial treaty, in respect to the new import duties, could scarcely
be appreciated, seeing that in the sale of English and French wares no re-
markable increase took place. German industry has not, of late, been wanting
in endeavors and zeal to enable it to hold its own in the commercial competition,
although, naturally, it has only met with partial success in its struggle against
foreign manufacturers. In smooth, half woollen goods, German manufacturers
enable their nation, nearly entirely, to do without English products ; whereas,
in fancy goods, foreign countries, especially France, continue to set the fashion.
English shirtings and cotton manufactures are always of a better quality than
the most perfect German ones, but still the latter are good enough to meet all
general purposes. Buyers were cautious, and only purchased what was abso-
lutely necessary, as a decline in the price of cotton was generally expected, as
shipments of the article accumulated during the war have already commenced.
Calicoes in large quantities were brought to market, and at a higher price than
at the spring fair. The stock of the ordinary cotton goods, such as fustian,
beaver-cottons, bed-ticking, &c., should have been greater than it was. In
linen goods the business was active, in consequence of the anticipated rise in
the price of yam and the demand being greater than the supply, and the com-
mon, cheap qualities have been wanting for two months; nor can mixed tex-
tures be brought to market any sooner. Moreover, the fear felt by some of the
manufacturers of this country that they would not be able to compete with the
foreign manufacturers, owing to the increase of the duty, has been shown to be
groundless; and since the partial introduction of free trade the business ia
this line has been considerably augmented.
The sale of silk goods, as well as shawls of thick texture, was active at ad-
vanced prices. After the increased price the demand for cotton yam was greater
than the supply. There were many purchasers for cloths and buckskins, and
the quantity brought to market was easily disposed of. As regards prices,
business was equally healthy, as there is no fear of a decline entertained, but,
on the contrary, an advance, since the trade with America is again active.
In glassware, the Bohemians who resort to this market have their regular
customers, and the trade in this article took its regular course.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRAKKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN. 383
Although the dealers in ready-made clothes sell their goods at a very low
price every year, and although they even pretend that they have failed, and
for this reason are obliged to sell their stocks as quickly as possible, yet it ap-
pears that they do a very satisfactory business, as the number of manufacturers
who visit the fair increases, and as their former customers always return.
The shoemakers of Mayence and Gotha have done a very good business ;
only the slipper dealers of Poimasenz complain of a want of custom.
Only a few toys were brought to market, on account of the great foreign de-
maud, so that there is a perceptible want in some specialties.
Leather was in tolerable demand ; it is not, therefore, surprising that the
better qualities of sole leather of the well-known makers were soon taken ; the
prices were as usual Thinner qualities of sole leather, however, have not been
in much favor with the public. Leather of wild animals for soling declined in
price 2 to 3 thalers per hundred-weight ; common kinds declined 5 thalers.
Some consignments or leather of domestic animals were sold before the fair began,
at a low rate, on account of not being well dried, which had a very unfavorable
influence during the fair, as people were willing to pay a higher price for a well-
dried article. Many consignments, in consequence, remained unsold, and were
forwarded to Leipsic and Berlin. The decline in the price of this article was
from 4 to 5 thalers per cwt. Vache and harness leather of fine qualities only
experienced a slight decline ; whereas, there was on the common sorts a fall of
from 3 to 4 thalers per cwt. Ox and calf leather were at a discount, and ex-
perienced a decline of from 5 to 6 thalers per cwt., as compared with the prices
at the spring fair. Business in upper leather was very good.
During the last two months a large quantity of goods was sent to England,
France, and Italy ; to the latter country in a smaller quantity, as was naturally
to be expected, inasmuch as a great part of the German governments, up to the
present time, have done everything possible, from false political motives, to im-
pede commerce with that very rich country, by accepting the proposed commer-
cial treaty. For well manufactured goods there was a higher price paid for five
and six-fold skins, viz :
Thalers.
First quality of sole-leather of non- domes tic animals per hundred-
weight, (the thaler at 90 kreutzers) oO to 64
Lighter sorts of the same, of the first quality 49 to 55
The same of common qualities 42 to 47
First quality of thick leather of domestic animals 50 to 55
Lighter sorts of the same 44 to 49
First-class vache leather, according to quality 42 to 56
First-class harness leather 42 to 48
First-class ox leather 48 to 62
First-class calf leather, brown 104 to 130
The same calf leather, black 90 to 106
American customers were more numerous than they have been for many
years, although the amount of the purchases made here by them did not at all
correspond with their number. Generally they only examined the goods, and
ieamed the prices, and then started for Leipsic, where the fair commences im-
mediately after the one here, and where the supplies are, of course, more ex-
tensive, and purchasers are, therefore, better enabled to make their choice. It
may be, however, worthy of notice, that the dealings in Rhine and Pfalz wines,
which hitherto were exclusively in the hands of our adopted German citizens,
who naturally arc better judges of this article than foreigners, have been of late
more thoroughly taken into consideration by our native citizens. Many of
them arc travelling through the celebrated wine districts along the Rhine, not
only in order to obtain some knowledge of the produce and cultivation of grapes
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
384 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
and the treatment of wine, bat also to parchaee samples, especiallj of the eupe*
rior sorts, for trial, with a view to introduce them at home. Formerly the com-
mon kinds of wines had the preference, and were destined at home eepeciallv
for the use of our German citizens, but this will soon undergo an entire changi*
when Americans in general have found out how much better it is to drink good
wine than spirituous liquors.
The business of the exchange in this city was, of course, greatly influenced
last year by the affairs in our own country. The injurious influence, however.
which the continuance of the war and the augmentation of our import duties
exercised on this branch of business over European industry and trade, espe-
cially that in cotton, was counterbalanced by the great importation and 8«ile of
United States securities. By this means the phenomenon is explained wbr
the total returns of the exchange of this place in the past year show but a
trifling decrease from those of the preceaing year. The following grapbic
representation gives a view of the movements of the principal rates of excbangt'
on this Bourse in ihe year 1864 :
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FBANEFOBT-OM-TII£-MAIN.
385
uaqiiioaod
'j»qin9A0}{
-jaqina^dagi
IsnSny
g8SS^IIsS^SsHs^|S|i
•^inf
'anuf
•^«K
•ludv
•llDJ«re
88§^8f|pISS^§SS||||
*iCi9iuqa^
-Xivaavj*
rfsssssf^lss
J
25 c B
00$ 00 00
|1||||J||S|I||||||||
I s -s .a
E a p. "
I'
I I I ^ .a.
^^^&A&oAoiSi
Digitized by LjOOQIC
386 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
As regards tbe indoBtrial activity of Frankfort, generally, I am glad to report
tliat the application of machinery of every description is on the increase here
and in the neighborhood, in proportion to the high rates of wages and the demand
for manual labor. The tradesman, as well as the agriculturist, is compelled to
avail himself of the use of machinery on account of the scarcity of labor, so that
not only all the machine manufactories are in full operation, but many machines
are imported from America and Great Britain ; the first among which stands
the sewing machines, and those imported from America take the precedence.
Besides sewing, American knitting machines are also being manufactured, but on
a small scale. Of household machines, one may cite the washing machine and
knife cleaning machine, which have been imported direct from America. The
fonner, however, are also imported from England, and are also beginning to be
manufactured in Germany.
As the transportation of machinery, especially such as occupies much space,
is very expensive, many Americans have tried to sell their inventions, so that
their machines might be manufactured in Germany, but owing to the unwiUing-
ness of the Germans to engage in such speculations, they have met with but
indifferent success.
It is a remarkable fact that the manufacture of large machines has but very
little improved during the past year. The iron foundries only are an exception,
which are kept very busy on account of the building schemes in progress, and
for the same reason gas-pipe and gas-metre factories have much increased.
The past year was noted for meetings of extraordinary political, commercial,
and international importance, held in this city. I must not omit mentioning
those of commercial importance.
The first is that of the committee appointed by the German Diet to discuss the
ways and means of introducing a uniform system of weights and measures for the
whole Germanic confederation ; for while Germany is split into thirty-five or
thirty-six independent states, it has almost as man v distinct systems of coinage,
measures, and weights. Steps are again being taken to introduce one coinage.
A UNIFORM STANDARD OF COINS, WB1GHTS, AND MBASURBS, FOR THE WHOLB OF
GERMANY.
The following was determined on in the final protocol of the 1st August, as
regards the original decision of the committee, as well as the carrying out of the
protocol, which refers to the regulation of the German measures and weights :
I. The German measure and weight regulations, in order to have a good
effect, require their acceptance by each individual state, in the form prescribed
in the constitution. The Prussian government being in possession of a scale of
metres and kilograms of platina, both of which were compared with their
prototypes in the imperial ai'chives at Paris, with all the means offered by
science, and arranged accordingly, the committee came to the conclusion to pro-
cure said scale to be the standard of measure and weight for Germany.
Accordingly paragraphs five and six of the German measures and weights reg-
ulations were agreed to, provided Prussia was willing to grant its platina scale
of measures and weights as the original measures and weights for the whole of
Germany, and to take means for their nreservation.
The Prussian delegate was reqnestea by all the other members of the com-
mittee to take the necessary steps, that the Prussian government might commu-
nicate its decision to the German Diet as soon as possible. Should the answer
of Prussia be in the negative, the delegates will have to reassemble to deliberate
on the provision of another standard scale of weights and measures. Should
the answer be in the affirmative, the delegates request the Prussian delegate to
appoint, as soon as possible, a commission for the production of platina copies of
the orieinal size, and for direct comparison of the same with the standard for each
of the German states which may wish to procure the same at their own expense.
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FRANKFOET-ON-THE-MAIN. 387
For the production and exact comparison of the metre scale of meaBnre and
the kilogram scale of weights with some other metal as the hasis to serve as
normal originals for individual States, the committee propose, further, that io
every Grerman state which accepts the resolution a commission be appointed to
compare measures and weights with the original, as well as for their preservation.
The committee does not consider it absolutely necessary that dry and liquid
measarea, exactly of the same proportions, should be imposed on every state of
the confederation, but that they should be adopted according to modifying cir-
cumstances. And lastly, the committee determined that the same or even greater
attention should be paid to any departure from the established scale than is the
case in France* Whether these regulations should include and determine meas
ures of liquids, such as casks, bottles, drinking glaases, or special measures, such
as water or gas, ought to be left to the discretion of individual states. Yet all
men of business, as well as the public at large, hope the proposals of the com-
mittee will lead to satisfactory results, and to a united system of measures and
weights.
Another meeting of commercial importance was the third biennial meeting of
the Handelstag, (deputies of the different German boards of trade,) which de-
clares itself the representative of the united trade and manufactures of Germany,
and determine on all important questions that relate to their general interest in
meetings that occur regularly. Besides these meetings, which take place every
two Years, special ones can be called when twenty-five places of commerce de-
mand it, or the remainder of the committee consider the same necessary. Until
a definite mode of representation in the "Handelstag," all German commercial
societies and boards of trade, or where such do not exist, private societies which
act in the interest of general commerce, have a right to send as many delegates
as they choose. The Handelstag elects for the period of the session a presi-
dent, two vice-presidents, and a secretary is chosen by universal consent on the
nomination of the president. There is a business committee to determine finally
on propositions and their mode of disposal. The Handelstag determines its
next place of meeting, appoints a permanent committee to sit during its recess,
as well as a permanent central office, which is located at Berlin. This com-
mittee consists of fifteen members, (nine of whom constitute a quorum,) the
duties of which, and of the central office, are as follows : to complete and carry
out the determinations of the last general meeting, but the manner is at the
dii«cretion of the committee ; and also to prepare and arrange business for the
next meeting of the Handelstag, and to provide for the general interests of the
association. The common expenses of the Handelstag are divided among the
several boards of trade, which were represented according to the importance of
iilace. This distribution is to be carried out by the committee, while each board
bears the expenses of its own delegation.
This convention was opened on the 25th September ; the secretary general
read the report of the permanent committee and the biennial report, according
to which one hundred and seventy-five commercial corporations were represented
at the congress, only fifteen of which belonged to Austria. The report referred
tu the commercial treaty with France and to the removal of the Zollverein, as
well as to the question of its constitution, so far as the committee had to do with
it. A record has also been prepared regarding a commercial treaty with Russia,
and a report drawn up touching the willingness of all governments to consent to
that step. The coinage of a universal German gold coin occupied the com-
mittee. Then the general discussions were opened, and the following subjects
were discussed : the commercial treaties of the Zollverein, especially those with
Prussia, Italy, Switzerland, and Spain; the differential tariffs of the railways;
weights and measures; the intended unity of German coinage, especially the
new gold coin previously mentioned ; the reform of the Zollverein constitution ;
the Uermaa ports, and the management of the import and export duties ; the
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
388 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
subject of coDBulates; farther introduction of boards of trade; reform in tbe
post office department; a general German inland insurance legislation; a uniform
way of conducting business in commercial cities, and the establishment of an
association for the classification of ships.
As the discussions of the commercial treaties before mentioned are of inter-
national importance, I deem it proper to give some special remark. * * As
early as 1815 Russia was desirous of closer commercial relations with Germany,
but in 1823 a strict prohibitory system was introduced, and it was not till 1857
that any facilities were afforded to the import and export trade.
The commercial treaty with France induced the committee to turn their at^
tention to the formation of a similar one with Russia, and full materials were
collected for the detailed memorial placed before the committee. This memorial
the government allows to be propagated in Russia, though tlie project does not
meet with much favor there. Unfortunately, the Russian financial situation
cannot permit any loss in the receipts from customs. Besides, the Russian
boai'ds of trade are all opposed to any reform in the customs; but in spiU* of
these obstacles, the hope of yet effecting a treaty will not be abandoned. The
lines of Russian railways are being extended, and will require traffic in order to
be profitable. The necessary n^gulation of values demands the importation of
precious metals, and husbandry requires the importation of tools, &c.
The following proposition was unanimously agreed to : " The German Han-
delstag declares itself satisfied with the steps taken by its committee for bringing
about a customs and commercial treaty with Russia and the states of the ZoU-
verein, and it considers the conclusion of such a treaty at the present time is
very desirable for the interests of the two great countries, and express an urgent
wish that the governments concerned may continue, energetically, their en>
deavors to negotiate a treaty in accordance with the memorial of February,
1864." •♦•♦••
The proposition regarding a commercial treaty with Italy is as follows : *'Con>
sideriog that the extension of international commercial relations is of the veiy
highest importance for the proper development of the Zollverein, the kingdom
of Italy, on account of its progress in consumption, occupies a position so
important that commerce with her appears to be of the greatest advantage
to German trade and industry; that while Italy has already concluded
commercial treaties with other states, the Zollverein has suffered severely by
the delay of effecting such a purpose ; that under existing circumstances an
equalization is only to be brought about by a new commercial treaty, unham-
pered by considerations of economy or other motives, as has been the case up to
the present time. The Handelstag determines earnestly to request the admin-
istration of the Zollverein, on the reception of the foregoing statements, to con-
clude, without delay, a treaty with the kingdom of Italy. A new treaty, as
advantageous as possible, by which the Zollverein may acquire all the advan-
tages of the most favored nations, and to strive for the most direct connexion
with Italy by a railway through the Swiss Alps. The memorial regarding the
treaty with Italy; published by the permanent committee, contains, among other
matter, information about the extent, population, financial position, and costomfl
of Italy ; discusses its commercial navy, the pioducts of the country and its in-
dustry, the general import and export as well as the commerce of Italy with
individual states, the import of various articles by the Zollverein into that
country and vice versat and finally a comparison between the Italian and Franco-
Italian tariff."
Regarding the commercial treaty with Switzerland, the following propositions
were made :
1. The German Handelstag recognize in the commercial treaty with Switzer-
land a useful and necessary extension of the relations of the Zollverein.
2. The scruples that have been expressed by some governments at isolated
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
PRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN. 389
parts of the treatj, are not of eiicb importance that the confidence cannot be
felt that the same will be obviated.
3 The definite cnnclusion that the commercial treaty is the more necessary,
inasmuch as the settlement of our anticipated treaty between Switzerland and
Wurtemberg, about permission of the free settlement of the citizens of the two
countries, is dependent on it.
4. It appears especially requisite, in order to effect the participation of the
other states of the Zollverein in the treaty jnst mentioned, that this treaty should
be allowed the widest scope, and freed from all hindrances of settlement and
free trade which have existed up to the present time. This proposition was
accompanied by a report that entered into the details of the traffic, so that the
proposition was accepted by a considerable majority.
As regards a treaty of commerce with Spain, which was especially advocated
by one of the deputies of the city of Hamburg, it is stated that, according to
certain representations of the Prussian representative in Spain, the endeavors to
bring about commercial relations with that country have now every probability
of being realized. The following proposition was unanimously agreed to in the
Handelstag, viz : Considering that the kingdom of Spain having lately con-
cluded a commercial treaty with France, seems now to be prepared to follow in
the path of free international trade relations, which Great Britain, France, Ger-
many, Holland, Belgium, and Italy have opened out, and that it is desired that
further progress should follow this commencement on the part of Spain, how-
ever small the same may be, as well as considering that a treaty of navigation
and commerce which would abolish or moderate the differential tariff and the
large import duties now existing in Spain, for the benefit of German vessels and
products, to promote German navigation and commerce, the Handelstag resolves
that the permanent committee be instructed to present to the German govern-
ments appropriate propositions, and to request them to effect, if possible, the
conclusion of a propitious treaty with Spain.
MBBTINO OF GERMAN OBOORAPHBRS.
The third meeting of international interest refennng to the proposed North
Pole expedition was held here on the 23d and 24th ot July, at the suggestion
of the leaders of the so-called Free High Academy of Germany. The meeting
consisted mostly of German geographers and friends of geography. Although
the numerical strength of the meeting was not great, yet so much information
was sent to the meeting by friends of geographical knowledge, as to prove
the interest taken by the whole of Germany in the subject The Imperial
Geographical Society of Vienna sent a note to the effect that they would use
their utmost endeavors to carry out any plan that might be determined by the
meeting. The first question considered was, whether the present meeting should
be considered as the commencement of the regular annual meeting of German
geographers. After various opinions had been expressed, Frankfort was chosen
as the place of meeting for the ni?xt year. ♦ ♦ • ♦ ♦
The horse fair, which took place as usual, had races this year added for the first
time. This new feature is, of course, especially favored by the haute vdce of
Frankfort, as well as by the princes and counts residing in the neighorhood.
The stands were crowded with people on all the three days, and there was a
living wall of people all around the course. * * * » ♦
BMIGRATION.
With respect to emigration, it appears from the annual report of the Frank-
fort Association for the Protection of Emigrants, that from the 1st of February,
1864, to the end of January, 1856, 1,012 persons were entered as emigrants at
the office of the association, seeking information about their destination; part
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
390 ANNUAL SEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
orally and part by letter. The greater part of tin's emigration was destined to
the United States, as the report strongly encourages emigration thither, and
discourages emigration to Mexico and Algeria. • • • •
iitatcment showing the number ofemigranU embarked for different tratuatUaUk
ports during the year ending February 1, 1865.
Quebec 57
New York 866
Adelaide, Melboum, and Sidney 62
Buenos Ayres 27
1,012
I should add here that the increase of the industrial activity of Frankfort, as
well as of all other countries where free trade flourishes, exercises a visible in-
fluence on emigration, which since the conclusion of the war would otherwLie
have been considerably greater than it really is. The security of labor id
especially increased at the present moment by the extensive building operations
which are being pushed forward in almost all large towns, and the con-
tractors find themselves obliged to raise the wages of their workmen. • • •
• • • It may not be uninteresting here to give a short review of the
commercial treaties of the German ZoUverein which have come into operation
since the Ist of July last. First of all should be mentioned the treaties of the
28th of June, of the 11th of July, and 12th of October, 1864, by which the
continuance of the ZoUverein has been assured to the present time, and the
commercial treaty concluded between Prussia and France, on the 2d of August,
1862 ; then the ZoUverein treaty of the 16th of March of last year, which em-
braces the three above-named treaties, as well as all others, as far as they are
in force, and gives a codification of the existing rights of the ZoUverein treaty.
Afterwards there should be taken into consideration the treaties concluded be-
tween the ZoUverein and other countries, for instance, corollary treaties with
France, viz : Treaties of navigation and of conformity of rates of duty on the
railways, and a particular protocol ol' the 14th of December, 1864, which con-
tains vaiious explanations and supplements to this treaty. Further, the com-
mercial and customs treaty with Austria of the 11th of April of last year, the
treaty with Belgium of the 22d of May, and that with Great Britain of the
30th of May of last year, securing in the said four countries the same rights as
the most favored nations enjoy. But after France had concluded commercial
treaties with Great Britain, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy,
Sweden, and Norway, the Hanse Towns, and Mecklenburg, then in artide
31 of the said treaty of the 2d of August, 1862, the same rights and ad-
vantages are insured in French markets to members of the ZoUverein as to
the last-named countries. In the same manner, in consequence of the afore-
said treaty between the ZoUverein and Austria, Great Britain, and Belgium,
members of the ZoUverein enjoy in the markets of these three countries the
same rights as the most favored nations. On the other hand, whether the
members of the ZoUverein will be placed in as favorable a position as France
has already been placed, bv means of treaties, in the markets of SwitzerUad,
Italy, Sweden, &c., depends stiU on the condition of treaties and the con-
formity between the ZoUverein and the last-mentioned states. At the same
time it is of importance to know that the products of the ZoUverein enjoy the
same rights of custom and privileges in the colonies and foreign possessions of
Great Britain as the mother country does herself. Finally, by the treaty con-
cluded by the ZoUverein with the Netherlands on the 31st December, 1851,
the enjoyment of the same rights are guaranteed to its members as to the most
favored nations. ^.^^^^^^ ^^ ^OOgie
FRANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN. 391
It ia, of coarBe» impossible to state just at present the total receipts of the
Zollverein for the past year. It will therefore suffice to give the receipts of the
import and export duties of the first six months of the year 1865, compared with
that of the same period of 1864. The joint receipts from 1st of January to Ist
of July, 1865, amounted to 10,836,147 thalers, while they amounted in 1864
to 11,476,372 thalers ; which shows a decrease of 645,225 thalers, or a diminu-
tion of about six per cent.
As regards the result of the receipts generally of the first half year of 1865,
it is to be remarked, that if commerce has suffered from unfavorable circum-
stances, still, much is to be attributed to the long continuance of winter, which
delayed navigation to the end of March, as well as the uncertainty of political
relations, the war in our country, and the considerable rise in the price of colo-
nial products ; also restricted traffic. Moreover, the new customs tariff and the
Sroposed rc^ductions have rendered trade inactive in many articles. Among the
uty reductions, that on coffee is of importance, the importations of which are
now restricted to immediate consumption in consequence of the high price.
Next reduction of importance is in the duty on wine; also in that on silks and '
half- silk goods, and on woollen yarn of every description. Of less importance,
however, is the reduction in forged iron, rough iron wai-es, corn, woods for build-
ing and other useful purposes, brandy of every description, raw and bleached
linen yam, and linens, sugar for refineries, coals, &c. It appears that since
April, 1865, the amount of duty collected on foreign sugar and sirup, and on
beet-root sugar, reached the sum of 13,436,374 thalers. The quantity of beet-
root sugar manufactured during the year, in 270 factories, amounted to 41,641,240
cwt., showing an increase over the preceding year of 17 manufactories, and
1,729,684 cwt. of beet-root sugar; and the duty received on it in 12 months
amounted to about 10,000,000 thalers.
From official statements of the products of mining, smelting, and salt-works
of the Zollverein in the year 1863, it appears that 178,777 workmen were em-
ployed in 4,457 mines, producing 509,089,314 cwt., of the value of 46,462,395
thalers in the preceding year. In the 1,775 smelting works there were 91,076
workmen employed, producing 33.885,394 cwt., of the value of 105,521,946 tha-
lers, against 29,801,099 cwt., of the value of 96,925,638 thalers at 1,699 works,
with 84,034 workmen, in the preceding year, from which it appears that the num-
ber of smelting works and workmen was larger in 1863 than the preceding year,
but not so the quantity produced.
At the 90 salt-works there were 6,148 workmen employed, who produced
8,601,102 cwt. of salt of different kinds, of the value of 6,139,222 thalers.
In all the mining, smelting, and salt-works of the Zollverein 276,001 work-'
men were employed, who produced 551»575,810 cwt., of the value of 150,575,527
thalers.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
392
ANNUAL SEPORT ON FOSEIGN COMMERCE.
The total population of Germany in the year 1864 amounted to 46.411,9
and shows since the last census the following increase :
Pupulation.
IncrmM.
2,343,994
118,754
19,25*2,139
760,919
4,807,440
117.603
1,923,492
35.422
1,74H,328
27,620
1,429,199
59,908
853,315
11.638
745.063
6,567
554,510
10,091
Decrease.
406,486
3,421
49,704
232
Increase.
206, 140
3.^
468,311
11,744
293,388
10,988
301,812
6,570
280,201
6,949
178,065
5.724
164,527
5,505
141,891
4,729
43,924
1,794
86,472
3,112
111,336
2,82:1
31,382
608
59, 143
539
193,046
11,222
66,1H9
1.294
73,752
1.839
27,474
657
91,180
7,790
104,006
5,53!)
Saxony
Prussia
Bavaria
Hanover
Wartemberg
Baden
Grand Duch^ of Hesse .
Electorate ot Hesse
Holstein
Schleswig . .
Lauenburg.
Luxemburg
Nassau
Brunswick
Oldenburg
Saxe Weimar
Saxe Mining^n
Saxe Coburg Gtotha
Saxe Altenburg
Reuss, elder Hue
Eeuss, youDger line
Lippe Detmold
Lippe Schaumburg
Waldeck
Anbalt
Schwarzburg-SoDdershausen .
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Hesse Homburg
Frankfort-on-the-Main
Bremen •
From the foregoing table it appears that the total nnmber of inhabitants of
the states belonging to the Zollverein is 35,890,402, showing an increase since
the last census of 1.2^0,125.
The population of the whole Grerman confederation which, accord-
ing to the previous census, was 45, 462, 307
Increased in the Prussian provinces belonging to the
confederation 475, Oil
In the other countries of the confederation 459, 206
In Holstein, Lauenbnrg, and Bremen 15, 398
949, 615
Total popuktion of Oermanj 46, 411, 922
But these estimates of the population of Grermanj can be justified only by
placing that of the German provinces of Austria at a higher fisure than it was
placed at according to the last census, (1857.) For it is an acknowledged fact
that the result of the estimates of tha Zollverein fail, to a great extent, in the
absolute correctness which is generally attributed to them ; while the estimates
in former times were generally far below the mark, inasmuch as many persons
were overlooked in the census, while the opposite result now obtains, owing to
many being twice reckoned. In consequence of this mistake the population of
some of the smaller states, even, is many thousands greater on paper than in
reality.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FRANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN. 393
The following cities of the Zollverein have a population of more than 40,000 :
Berlin has 632,749 inhabitants; Munich, 167,054 ; Breslaw, 163,919; Dres-
den, 145,728 ; Cologne, (not including Dnez,) 122,16^ ; Koningsburg, 101,507 ;
Magdeburg, and territory, (excluding a portion counting 70,147,) 98,561 ; Dant-
zig 90,334 ; Leipsic, 85"394 ; Hanover, 79,649 ; Frankfort on the Main, 78,177";
Stettin, 70,492 ; Nuremberg, 70,759 ; Bremen, 70,177 ; Stuttgardt, 69,084 ; Aix-
la-Chapelle, 63,81 1 ; Elberiield, 62,008 ; Barmen, 59,554 ; Chemnitz, 54,827 ;
Grefeld, 53,421; Posen, 53,383; Altona, 52,781; Augsburg, 49,332; Halle,
45,972; Duesseldorf, 44,297 ; Potsdam, 43,266 ; Mayence, 42,704 ; Nuersburg,
41,082 ; Gassel, 40,228 ; Erfort, 40,134.
* * * As regards the crops of the present year, it is to be stated that
they have generally been tolerably good. The best result was produced by
hops, wine, and tobacco. The hop crop was decidedly more than sufficient for
the regular demand, especially the principal countries of production, namely,
Bohemia and Bavai*ia, have had fully a half crop, and England as much as
<£300,000 old duty, ^600,000 cwt.,) an enormous yield, when the good quality
of the same is consiaered. Belgium also was veiy fortunate in this respect.
Wartembei^, France, Altmark, and Brunswick produced about half a full crop,
whereas Baden only one-third and Polish Prussia two-fifths. Although often
braised and half-grown hops are found among the best productions, neverthe-
less, for the most part, they are fine, aromatic, and of a good color. The defi-
nite regulation of the prices which was expected did not take place, in conse-
quence of the hot and dry weather, the like of which has been unknown for
many years. The weather, with the present unsatisfactory method of drying
the hops in the open air, rendered them not properly compressed, and caused,
frequently, much broken and bruised hops to be sent to the market, and the
price rose above the common standard, lately, as high as from 120 to 125 florins
for first purchases. WoUzach hops cost as much as 140 florins, and Spalter
Nebengat as much as 175 for the same. The nominal price of Saaz hops stands
at 180 to 200 florins. At these proportionately high prices tolerable consider-
able purehases have been made, especially in hops coming from Franconia.
The chief trade was, however, up to the present time, confined to the actual
requirements of the moment, a system which will soon prove to be the right
one, inasmuch as England does not purchase at the price, which is 25 per cent.
higher than in the autumn of the preceding year ; and the damp weather which
has come on will soon produce a superfluity of the article.
On the excellent quality of the wine of the present vintage I have upon
several occasions reported already. The result of the present year will, accord-
ing to all accounts, surpass those of the celebrated years of 1811-*22-''^4 and
'57 ot this country. Here and there early Burgundy has begun to be sold at
the rate of from 24 to 30 kreutzers per pint, and it is very full of body and fire.
After the sales by auction of wine, which took place eveiywhere in the spring,
and which covered the demand to a certain extent, as is usually the case at this
time, demand for new wine is limited. Buyers are holding back in new wines,
which now-a-days is more liked and sought after than that of earlier growth.
Nobody will wonder at the astonishing prices for this growth which vintners
picture to themselves, when they consider the sanguine temperament of the
people of the country. The best wine is produced, as is well known, in the so-
called *' Bhine gau.'' At Rudesheim, the produce of the present vintage is
0old at 60, 65, and 70 florins the ohm. The saccharine matter in the must is,
at the same time, so extraordinary that in the favored localities there is not a
Bufficient supply of ox carts to take it to the market at present According to
a statistical statement, the Bhine gau, by which is designated the two districts
of Eltville and Budesheim, possesses 8,170 acres in vineyards, in which, during
both the last two years, more than 5,000 butts of white wine and about 85 butts
of red have been produced. If, in a good year, one reckons as an average one
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
394
ANNUAL REPORT OK FOREIGN COMMERCE.
butt per acre, it » easily perceptible bow small tbe quantity was iu 1863 and
1864. There are altogether in Nassau 12,061 acres of land planted with vines.
It is no un usual occurrence that vines which have flowered twice have also
borne ripe fruit twice, which is a proof of the extraordinary state of tbe climate
of last summer. Since the last vintages have brought good and therefore dear
wines, two rivals to old Bacchus have been established in this neighborhood,
namely, beer and cider. A middle good wine would certainly have driven these
intruders out of the field.
The growth of tobacco in the territory of the Zollverein has, according to
the ojfficial tables given below, greatly increased in each of the last three years—
1861, 1862, and 1863. In the whole Zollverein there were planted —
In 1861 55,885 acres.
In 1862 61,232 -
In 1863 84,317 "
Produce in dried leaves in hundredweights, 354,335; 435,193; 682,051.
According to this the average produce of a Prussian acre was in the first year
6.34, in the second 7.01, and in the last 8.00 cwts. per acre of dried leaves.
The receipts for the year 1864 are not fully known at present ; however, it can
be accepted as certain that in that vear about 90,000 Prussian acres were plant-
ed with tobacco, but that the produce did not exceed 600,000 cwts., inasmuch
as the weather of that year was not a very favorable one for the growth of
tobacco. In the separate divisions of the Zollverein the cultivation of tobacco wad
as follows :
Pra88ia
Bavaria
Saxony
Hanover
Wurtemberg
Baden
Electorate of Hesse
Grand Dach^ of Hesse.
Thurin^ia
Brunswick
Nassau
Frankfort
Prussian acres in —
1861.
20,506
12. 138
18
1,228
159
18,722
529
1,824
604
7
24,180
i
21,906
13,454
58
1,545
262
20,616
697
l,9ti2
727
5
24,180
i
1863.
27,580
18,850
118.5
2,144
673
29,468
880
3,844
760
2.5
123,180
The average price for a hundred-weight of dried leaves, according to tbe
estimate of the products of the whole Zollverein, was about 8 thalers in the year
1863, so that the result for tobacco-growers amounted to 5,456,408 thalers. In-
asmuch as the price of tobacco was about the same in 1864, the results and re-
ceipts from the cultivation of tobacco must not have been much less.
The state of the weather of the present year I cannot better describe than by
an extract from a report on the subject from Stuttgardt the capital of the king-
don of Wurtemberg, and which shows that the weather in other parts of Grer-
many has been much the same as in this neighborhood. The said report states
that the 18th of September, when the report is dated, made the hundredth of
the real summer days of the year, a number which has never been surpassed
during this century. At the end of March we had so much snow that we were
obliged to use sledges : on the 12th of April we had the first day of sammer
weather, and up to the end of that month fourteen of them. In April we had
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FBANKFOET-ON-TBE-lUaK.
395
no rain at all ; in May we had 23 summer days, and rain only on the 25th ; in
June we had 13 days of enmmer weather, and rain on the 24th and 30th. In
July the heat increased, and lasted to an extent which we have never ex-
perienced in this century ; on the 6th the thermometer stood at 27° Reanmnr
or 93° Fahrenheit, on the 7th at 28° Reaumur or 95° Fahrenheit, on the 16th
and 17th at 28.5° Reaumur or 96^^ Fahrenheit, and on the 2l8t as high as 29^
Reaumur or 98^ Fahrenheit Even in the year 1819 the greatest heat was
only 28.5° Reaumur or 96^° Fahrenheit, and this only occurred one day. In
the whole month of July we had rain on seven days. August was extremely
favorahle for the growth of the grape ; we had a moderate temperature, and
rain on seven days, and only 11 days of summer weather. On the 27th we had
27.5*^ Reaumur or 94^ Fahrenheit, and on the 28th 25° Reaumur or 88 J°
Fahrenheit. In September, up to the 17th there were 13 days of summer
weather. With the exception of the year 1811, no year as regards the rain
that has fallen has had such a good effect on the growth and good quality of
the grapes as the present ; in fact, as regards the quality nothing more could
be asked for. In 1859, 1846, 1842, 1834, 1827, 1822, and 1818, a good wine
was certainly produced, but all these vintages were not favored by such a pro-
pitious rain as that of this year and that of 1811, not even the vintages of 1S07
and 1802.
Finally, in accordance with the consular regulations. I beg to annex tables
which exhibit the total expartf to the United States from the states included
in this consular district during the financial period from the Ist of October, 1864,
to the 30th of September, 1865.
From the same appears Uiat the exports amounted in all to fls. 3,199,081.03
kreutsers.
Statement showing the description and value of the exports from all the States
within this consular district to the United States for the several quarters of
the year ended ISeptemher 30, 1865.
QUARTEER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1865.
Deseription.
Ham* far
Leather
Leather good*
Hodery ,
FaocT goodfl
Wine
Drag* and chemlcali.
Stationery
Toy«^.
Pipe*
Jewelry
Chiccory
Optical iofitnxmenti. .
Sundriea
Total.
Fraokfort
Florin*, kr.
101, 514 20
47,344 21
14, no 58
10,745 19
3.920 49
2,617 19
1.090 13
10,064 34
HeMe-
DarmMtadt.
Flcritu. kr.
12, 213 03
13,105 50
24. 880 53
6,499 25
11, 474 24
HeBiie-
CaiaeL
Floritu. kr.
23, 143 38
4,741 19
2.565 44
6,855 22
2,890 24
197, 907 36 I 68. ITO 35 1 40, 196 57 6, 384 05 6, 023 29
Kanau.
Florint. kr.
4,706 09
1,133 20
544 36
Bmniwick.
Fiorina, kr.
2,883 22
3. 140 07
TotaL
Florint. kr.
124, 657 58
59, 456 24
13, 105 50
14,110 58
10.745 19
29.587 08
11,553 27
2, 617 19
5.832 04
2.565 44
6.855 22
2,883 22
3, 140 07
31. 572 56
318, 683 S3
Digitized by LjOOQIC
396
ANNUAL BGPOST ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
QUARTER BNDBD MARCH 31, 1865.
Deieription.
Frankfort
Darmstadt !
Hesse*
CasieL
J_
Nasaan.
Brunswick.
Total.
Hares* ftir
Leather
Leather goods
Hosiery
Fancy goods
Fringe, laces, Sec
Eyelids
RawsUk
Wine
Drags and diemicals.
Paper
Toys
Jewelry ,
Optical insiraments. .
ChlcGory
Sundries
Total..
FlmiHt. kr. '
178, 643 46
88, 167 39 '
7.331 26 .
51,650 11 ..
4,421 17 j.
17,510 51 I.
13,837 50 ..
9,694 32 ;.
I
I
FUtrint. kr. ' FUnrina. kr.
7, 912 34 5, 707 15
22,895 36 !
Florins, kr.
Florin*, kr.
-I*
26,862 37
7, 477 08
4,382 46 I
I
3,694 05
8,087 00
13,035 59
9.042 33
6,486 29 1 13,882 35 10,475 00
7.679 40
'3,'Mi'54'
2.523 19
1,605 03
2,693 15
377.744 01 83,413 16 38,260 47
23,045 39
6,821 66
Fiorina, kr.
192,263 35
111,063 15
7,331 26
51. 650 11
4, 421 17
17. 510 51
13,e37 50
9.694 33
30.556 42
15.564 08
4,382 46
13.035 59
16,715 13
2,523 19
1,605 03
37, 129 13
529.285 19
QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 1865.
Description.
Frankfort
Hesse.
Darmstadt
Hesse-
CasseL
Nassau.
Brunswick.
TotaL
Hares' ftir
Florin*, kr.
105, 136 28
Florin*, kr.
4,930 25
84, 457 45
27,381 00
10,941 12
Florin*, kr
5,666 00
Florin*, kr.
Florin*, kr.
Florim*.kr.
115,732 53
Wine
84. 457 45
Leather
85,647 54
17, 348 26
13,153 58
10, 183 47
63, 176 18
17,764 14
3,279 18
115.308 13
Leather goods
1, 117 81
29,406 59
13,153 58
Raw silk
Fancy goods
2,787 01
19, 189 57
12,i»70 48
82,366 15
Hosiery
Frince. hair nets. Ac
17, 764 14
Chemicals
8,423 22
5,067 00
8 423 S3
Paper
5,067 00
4 IXB 56
R^w hftf r
4,609 56
7,679 16
8,832 41
266 41
4,218 14
768 36
15,191 22
Shoe leares
7 679 16
Jewelry
18,434 02
27,266 43
BrisUes
266 41
Pipes
9,568 52
13,787 06
768 36
Lionor ,
vSSngi:;::::;;:;::;::::::::;
5,19123
668 30
Crockery
688 30
9,017 38
210 00
Colors...
9.017 38
210 00
Hardware
Optical instruments
6.65154
2,021 15
3,729 46
6 631 54
Paintings
2.021 15
3,729 46
50,906 51
Chicoory
Sundries
23,457 27
21,309 52
6,139 35
Total
335,868 32
184,487 34
44,489 42
40,196 90
12,402 55
617,447 03
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FKANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN.
397
QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1865.
ArtldM.
1
1
1
1
1
»
FL kr.
^
^
Haret'ftir
FL kr.
270, 961 07
185,829 31
74, 950 01
106,656 12
29,006 06
33,863 21
14, 744 06
14,118 31
13,377 38
8, 410 56
8,334 14
4,337 46
3,861 15
3.524 49
3,007 26
3,033 35
2.195 53
770 00
942 00
636 00
556 43
FL kr.
50,338 31
94,647 50
56, 515 31
FL kr.
47, 171 51
FL kr.
FL kr.
FL kr.
FL kr.
368,491 29
280,869 03
133,160 56
107, 155 54
31.462 43
3.\862 24
38.780 27
146, 133 04
96 206 01
Lrasher, tkint, ice...
391 42
Leather fooda
1,695 24
497 42
Hodery
Raw Bilk, lilk good*.
ice
2,456 35
Fringe, lacet, hair
net*, ito
1,999 03
16,943 14
107,807 21
6,180 16
Fancy goods
4, 110 20
914 02
9, 455 16
10, 857 30
3,694 00
2,982 47
347 44
68.195 04
11,556 23
Wine, Uqaor. Ac...
705 56 22.239 30
Cotton, woollen and
linen goods
999 47
735 00
Cloth., r
31,559 49
1^* ^alr . ,
"i'iii'is
12,028 14
14,780 59
9,326 22
5, 485 23
25 l»:.» :::
Printa. books, Ac
4,900 00
5,465 07
OlaM, glasM ware and
china ware
543 20
122 58
117 40
1,294 16
Drugs and chemicals.
17,569 26
1,826 00
2,502 00
Cigars
Hi, \
Basket work
1,699 23
:,v«u5 IJ
Jewelry, corals, pre-
doos stones, &c . . .
73,890 45
32,889 33
107, M J 13
Lithographic machine
and mat rices
942 00
Dry goods, Teloars
imprime, Ac
1,9® 48
3,680 08
1.562 10
4,94120
4.538 23
528 04
2,598 48
**2,"9i8"d3
558 00
4.236 51
6,051 26
5,499 20
Paper
1,571 13
Toys
Poreelain, meencb'm
and earthen pip«s. .
8,636 10
2,403 53
10,562 53
15,578 26
Dried fruits
11, 090 57
Objeetires. photo-
... J
11,687 30
3.615 00
792 10
11,687 30
Chiccoiy
3,615 00
Puiatings
749 52
10,269 32
364 17
1,896 39
49, 785 45
1, 578 27
4,289 18
7,890 27
758 41
1,542 02
Leather and felt shoes
10,269 32
Sago
364 17
seJds. :::::;;;:;;:::
1,896 39
Hair-doth
49, 785 45
1.578 27
Lead .!!^;::
4.289 18
Ultramarine dye
7,890 27
Wax tapers
758 41
Colors and dyes
30,125 66
161 14
30,125 00
161 14
Steel ware
330 38
82,983 56
330 38
Sundries
4,765 55
390 00
712 00
879 22
89,731 13
T«>tal
787,905 07
446,094 25
177, 180 50 1. 249 16l
97,130 34187.235 08
16,094 40
1,712,830 13
1
1
•7 •*•*>< Z*
*■■
Digitized by LjOOQIC
398
ANNUAL REPORT OK FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the description and quantity of free goodM and
goods which paid duty to the Zollverein at Frankfort-on-the-Main custon^-^
house during the years 1863 and 1864, together with a statement of the prin-
cipal articles of export.
DtiH-rtption^
Lentberforglne, linewi, leraptofhldM, ikiiii,Ac.cwt
Cotton do..
Cotton.anbleacbed, of one or two threads, and cotton
wool cwt.
Cotton, unbleached, of three or more threads, and
bleached twist cw t .
Cotton stufftf and mixed cotton and liuen stuffs. ..do..
Lead, pig do..
Lead, litharge of, and of gold and sUrer do. .
Lead kettles, pipes, Ac do . .
Wares, coarse, of wood and iron ..do..
Wares, fine, of other materials do..
Chemical articles for medicines do. .
Sal ammonia do..
Alnm do..
White lead and chloride of lime do..
Snlphate of iron. &c do..
Madder do..
Aloes, gall nats,t &c do..
RoHin do.
Saltpetre do.
Sulphar do. .
Alcanna, bamboo, and Bengal canes do. .
Wood in blocks and planks, not product of Europe. do. .
Indigo do..
Wax do..
Other animal, mineral, and vegetable products for
medical and other similar purposes cwt
Dyeing materials, wood in blocks do..
Dve wood, pulverised and raiiped do. .
Blue vitriol, mixed and white water glass, Ac. . . .do. .
Soda do..
Min«fral waters, Sec do . .
Potash and pulverized chalk do..
Sulphuric acid do..
Oil of turpentine do..
Pig Iron of all descriptions do. .
Crude and cementaUon steel, cast and refined do. .
Wrous^t and rolled iron, in half-inch bars do. .
Wrought iron in ban of other sixes do. .
Iron and steel goods do..
Iron stoves, plates, rails, Ac do..
Iron coarse drills, from forged iron do..
Iron drills, fine, from fine cast*iron do..
Flax, tow, hemp, oakum. See do..
Wheat bushels
Beans, peas, millet, lentils, and vetches do . .
Oats, (an importation from France) do..
AniM-Heed and cumin cwt.
Hemp fteed do. .
Linseed and gold of pleasure do..
Rape, turnip, and mustard seed do..
Clover seed do . .
All seeds not included in the above do..
Glass, white, hollow do..
Glass, window and plate do..
Glass, white, hollow, with cut stoppen, bottoms, and
edges cwt.
Glass, plate do..
W^.
4,8«)
2,166
536
742
6ue
325
272
1
85
44
559
2
290
447
1,987
662
1,228
1,044
9,779
5:16
1,709
24,760
2,243
259
140
»H
66
499
72
659
660
1,689
150
2,713
15
1,218
2,015
546
789
45
72
6,301
20
211
2
76
1,387
889
98
1W3.
74
667
5,073
3,109
781
597
153
4
25
58
523
17
3
2
246
1,452
1,834
972
811
6.021
3,428
2,446
29
9,091
42
110
158
1,014
57
336
106
209
2,283
2,001
106
1,934
18
566
2,379
626
589
1
46
30
37
19
1
302
337
139
2
43
597
104
11
•172
272
290
201
535
256
233
3,158
15,699
2,201
149
9
163
450
44
779
193
943
S45
1,172
2,892
737
18
210
34
155.406
1, 018. 197
133,637
4,882
7,088
4,848
4,021
213
854
293
51,560
758
43.678
21.707
18 1, 8a
211,546
161.625
390,959
185.588
108.558
32.584
312
:200
44
36
6,301
75
1,085
552
364
80
10
17
41 I
2|
427,365
535,315
27,971
24,465
101,912
23,262
17^.009
6.740
54,149
2,216.129
41,900
22.404
107, 340
11,873
292. 914
67,505
8,651
324,193
3, 917, 077
410.233
1,641,222
9,974
30.288
316.931
1, 088. 348
119, 151
15.536
4,375
an
947
19, 176
3.14
U.21
a40
15.19
&58
6l70
&76
0.47
2.93
I5w03
1.06
a26
a66
2.06
1.09
a 31
a 76
a26
5l27
a 49
5.S4
5.79
a 42
a 42
a 57
a78
a28
a28
1.07
1.21
ao2
4.03
a67
3.53
a 12
0.41
2.98
6.31
a24
a 01
ao2
a38
a2o
a69
a 0007
aoo7
L16
5.78
2.SH
7.81
J. 48
* Increase canted by the increased manufacture of white lead.
tGsdl nuts are extensively used here in chemical manuftictures.
4 This incrense lg caused by the increased consumption by rope-makers of the fibrous leaf of the " agave
Americana." called in the United States the century plant, in Mexico (its native country) maguey.
Digitized by
^^oogle
FBANKFOBT'ON-THE-MAIN.
399
Cofnparaiive slafementf SfC, — Continued.
Deccription.
OlaRC, foliated and nnfoliAted, cat and blown... pleoet.
Gla}«wareft g^laiw Jot oed with metali, DotprecioM.ewt.
Hide*, raw, and aktaii
Fan.
Hare and rabbit sklni, drened and nndrened
Cattlaand goatskins
AU kinds of wood under No. 1 cwt.
All kinds of wood under No. 2 do..
Wood Teneera, Ac do..
Corks do..
Oak and other bark do..
Wooden ware, implements, and Joiners' ware.... do..
Fin« wood wares and Nurembnrg wares do. .
Qnilted ftamitnrs do..
Coopers' wares, (secondhand) do..
Coopers', tamers', and Joiners' wares, for conch build*
ing cwt.
Threshinf machines and other machines of wood. .do. .
Hops do..
Mnatral instnunents do..
Sorgteal, physical, Ac, instruments do..
Wearing apparel do . .
Copper and brass wares and harness, brass do. .
Hollow ware do..
Crude eopper and braM, See do..
Mother of pearl, pearls, coral, Ae do..
Cvold. sllTer, flue metals, &c do..
lieather, leather goods, &c do..
iDdia-mbber, gutta-percha, &c do..
Rra«elsaad Danish glove leather, Stc do..
Half-dyed Japanned goods and sheep skins do. .
Bellows do..
Fine cordwaiacrs* leather do..
Lfeathergiores do..
Linen twist and fabrics made by machinery do. .
Linen twist and fabrics made by hand do. .
Yam, unbleached, bleached, and colored do. .
Thread linen do..
Gray pack cloth do..
Linen fabrics, undressed, ditto ticking do . .
Linen fabrics, bleached, dyed, pies^d and dressed,
ditto ticking cwt.
Kibbons, spun yam, cambric, and lace goods do. .
Lace thread do..
Candles, stearine do..
Candlea. wax and spermaceti do . .
Rags, linen, cotton, and woollen do. .
Berr and mead, m casks do..
Liquors, ris : brandy, arrack, mm. See do. .
Liquora. French and imported do..
Vinegar In casks do . .
Beer and Tinegar, in bottles or Jars do..
Oil, in bottles or Jars do..
Wine, mead, and cider in casks do..
Wine, mead, and cider, in bottles do..
Batter do.,
Meats, fresh and cured do..
Oranges and lemons, See. do. ,
Oranges and lemons, Sic No..
]»ried ftalts: dates, iigs, tte cwt.
Oalnngal, ginger, cardamoms, cubebs, nutroegs,&c.do. .
Pepper and spice do.,
Cinnamon, cassia, Ugnea, and cinnamon flowers, .do..
Herrings .................. ....................No..
Coffee and coffee substitutsi cwt.
Ci^coa, in beans and husks do..
Cheese do..
Sweetmeati^ cakes, fte do.,
1863.
19
478
14,390
317
8,712
8
401
1
277
557
618
335
543
41
19
465
488
272
1.77
3U7
22
5
748
2,010
217
89
343
7
158
4,405
129
92
24
2,529
13
256
785
305
1863.
2
407
10,057
199
5,294
300
280
268
582
8
21
454
8
411
90
524
19
7
807
1,998
204
112
370
7
101
4,241
87
77
25
3,426
282
661
325
10
71
4,333
118
1,418
8
401
1
156
155
16
13
1
1
6
1
7
6
1,257
1,215
94
84
657
609
380
297
21
52
13
5
27
22
4,087
4,384
3,650
2,361
4
1
1,897
2,606
896
756
5,721
6.568
2,2n
2,342
246
216
1,398
1,451
147
156
1,161
1,279
79,649
72.510
317
212
874
951
450
467
277
618
67
21
33
11
460
47
HI
164
42
15
13
124
289
3
32
7,048
105
23
139
'i27
1
697
31
279
♦709
847
65
53
9
118
r
140
11,896
524, 427
23,316
15, 674
10,062
10, 959
1*2, 148
ir.8. eaQ
a, 142
7.474
2:»
33,185
110.170
22,668
1.1, 509
2,790
4,2?!
t*8
3, 969
10. 8.59
114,779
1,956
679
4.222
6. :J33
1.642
15, :m
2, H92
1,(>93
246
143. 688
B. 5^8
dl,465
13, 41)6
29,711
48.486
2,189
1U5
34
783
.W
80, 78-1
14. 7«)9
47.S54
3.668
1,254
276
239
195, 2.'»
41,615
26.618
100.. "509
66.453
97,594
214. 599
11,065
53.936
9.892
514.670
1,398.517
20.402
44,276
10,737
Sao
8.57
4.02
2.17
L36
42.83
0.06
2.53
4.56
0.36
4.11
7.26
17.16
0.05
0.42
2.15
2.01
4.91
9.27
7.64
0.12
6.89
1.75
11.09
13.11
&13
0.11
9.62
28.78
3.49
8.41
9.75
1.76
0.15
a 49
5.82
1.03
a 13
7.12
15.23
2.94
0.77
14.00
1.55
a63
L36
10.36
1.67
4.71
11.29
2.10
6.36
0.01
1.88
L34
5.87
1.06
2.24
2.59
1.48
a33
&69
1.55
L97
4.28
* Deereased Import of lard from the United States.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
400
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparatioe statement, 4^.— Continned.
Dfflcriplkn.
]6».
1M3L
la
Q
Starch, jDoccnfonl and TenalceLU, hair powder, Hr-
row root, cago, and tapioca cwt .
Flour and corn, ground and nhelled pulM do . .
MaMcleH and sea nhellfiith do. .
Rice, hogked do..
Salt do..
Sirup do . .
Tobacco, nnni anufactured, and 8t«ma do . .
Tobacco, iiinoking, in rolls or cut do..
CIprnrjj do..
?• .i.t do.,
do..
.1 ' i-k, candled, loaf, lump, poundod, whit« . . do . .
. w audpowdervd do..
<• .. ulivtt, in ca«lu do..
Oil, olive, with one pound turpentine oil or i pound
rosemary to the lOU pounds cwt.
Oil. all other kinds do..
Paper, unsiztid, printing and packing do. .
Paper, sized, unsized flue, variegated, 6cc do..
Paper, gold and silvered, &c do. .
Paper, gray blotting, packing, pasteboard, and paper
shavings cwt.
Paper, wall do. .
Paper for bookbinders do..
Furs, dressed, and furriers' wares do..
Silk, r^w, spun, and uncolored do..
Silk, colored and spun, silk and cotton yam do. .
Silk stuff, stockings, handkerchiefs, 4: blonde lace. do..
Stockings, handkerchiefk, Sec, not made of silk ..do..
Soap, common brown do..
Soap, flue, in cakes, ballK, and boxes do. .
Stones, mill, with iron bands No. .
Htones, marble, soap, alabaster cwt.
Stones, large marble block, flna grindstones, and whet-
stones cwt .
Stones, flint do..
Straw, uncolored, mats, reed, bast wares and foot-
cloths, principally of bast cwt.
Straw, colored, mats, reed, Ac do. .
Straw and bast tress-work, chip and cane hats, with-
out trimmings cwt .
Straw and bast, &c, hats, without description. ..do..
Tallow do..
Tar and pitch do. .
Potters' ware, common, flags, Sec do. .
Potters' delf, stoneware, porcelain, single colored or
white, and earthen pipes do. .
Potters' ware, painted, figured, gold or silver gilt. .do. .
Potten*' ware, white, gold or silver gilt do. .
Potters' ware, colored and white, Stc, and with paint-
ings on gold gilt cwt.
Potters' ware manufactured with gold, silver, Sccdo. .
Oilcloth, coarse, unpainted do. .
Oilcloths of all other sorts, Including wax muslin,
artists' canvas cwt .
Wax taffetas do..
All textures lined with India-rubber or gutta-per-
cha cwt .
Wool, uncarded and carded, and ftilled do. .
Wool, three and mora threaded woollen and moliair
Wiram, white cwt.
ares, presiicd, tuuniiled wares, &c, when with
patterns cwt.
Wares, felt do..
Carpets do. .
Twist, single, and double undyed woollen do . .
Zinc plates and wares, coarse do. .
487
1,0SU
9
is,Gao
32
417
6,723
47
426
2
672
102
l
450
106
34,727
25
149
5
3
•38
77
10
43
89
751
265
18
16
2
61
171
65
9
3
39
74
1,037
124
51
27
64
19
79
4
6
196
7
26
1,700
544
146
1,730
198
154
18
536
16
25
13.584
32
462
6,078
21
364
675
35
2
454
36
26,782
38
145
86
6
14
63
758
202
15
17
7
46
270
58
42
78
243
80
970
23
72
12
83
4
2
121
10
5,588
577
96
8,079
222
285
115
1,034
2,036
645
26
70
7,945
15
794
44
48
45
919
"*8
4
3,888
33
319
24
131
97
14.787
356.581
11.654
595,876
466,610
89,7.W
605,258
9,388
11,889
61
14.262
2,274
422 !
19,622
134,434
t729,439
21. 162
9,294
214
7,516
616
1.354
725
24,596
2.680
5,598
3.397
1,684
234
1,321
844
5,068
520
13,049
117
901
241
61, 479
189,769
48,979
940
860
934
1,135
44
711
4.106
58
491,691
14,210
2,879
25,198
1.725
213,057
452
a29
a29
ao7
2.62
a0(/7
a46
1.11
aso
as8
a27
4.7J
4.18
a23
2L29
aoe
4.76
a 12
L60
2.33
a04
6.16
5.08
1.38
a 17
a32
13.41
7.80
1.07
6.83
a 15
7.22
3.37
12.50
0.06
2.56
4.32
30l70
1.68
0.07
a 10
2.87
7.44
S.03
a96
9.09
a84
4.77
ia46
11.40
a34
3w83
&07
&66
11.47
O 07
&96
* Import of flour from France.
t Prindpally Unseed and sesame.
Digitized by V^OOQIC
FKANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN.
Compcuratioe statement^ 4^. — Continued.
401
Deiicription.
Zinc, fine, and Japanned warei cwt.
Tin wares, coane, such a« dtehea, platen, &c do..
Tin wiren, fine. Japanned, toys do..
Tin in blocks, bare, &c., old tin do. .
Map<4 and engravings
Feathers for bedM, qoilla do..
FUh, salted, dried, smoked, and pickled bbls.
Fruit, baked, dried, Ac* cwt.
Sponges and Qorman tinder do..
Train oil do. .
Articles left by legacy do . .
Articlw not enumerated do. .
Wart$for export.
Hl'Ieit and skins, nndressed cwt.
Ra^, Ac, for paper manufacture do. .
Wool, carded and uncarded, and pulled do. .
1864.
4
2
1
1.545
305
53
612
1,893
91
2,864
7
2,183
23,834
6
1,760
186a
2
1
1,373
283
8
785
1,206
106
2,229
19
3,743
25,155
11
982
172
22
44
635
778
25
173
"is
12
1,560
1,321
5
n
895
142
132
47,599
27,960
45,170
77,846
209,426
1,884
145, 449
1,226
387,824
50,063
2,048
152,140
0.45
1.40
0.75
a2l
1.09
0.11
0.78
0.90
4.85
1.96
a 57
0.56
47.00
0.29
1.15
* Transit import of dried fruit for France.
26 c R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
402
ANNUAL BEPOBT OX FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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403
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95,351 15 0
21,100 00 0
31,505 00 0
280,434 22 6
300,032 22 6
7,344 00 0
381,406 00,
84,400 00
126,020 00
1,121,739 00
1,224,13100
29,376 00
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Digitized by V^OOQlC
404
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement shotoing the quantity of raw beet root manufactured in the itatet
belonging to the ZoUvercin into sugar and molasses, from September 1, 1864,
to September 1, 1865.
6tate«.
PrnMia
Bavaria
Saxonia
Hanover
Wnrtemberg .
Baden
HesKe CoAflel. .
Thnriogria
Brunswick ...
In 1863-'C4 .
More.
L<'S8 . .
I
Beet root! on which dnty wai paid.
From September From Jannarv
1 to December 1 to March
31, 1864. I 31, 1865.
I
234
6
1
1
6
1
1
2
18
Cwt, lb*.
90, 299, 594 50
223,031 00
39,920 00
82,770 00
6:J2, 023 00 i
388, 741 00 I
12,430 00
118,791 70 ,
1, 427, 848 00 !
C«e<. lb§.
15,265.325 00
140,040 00
44,480 00
43.250 00
407, 076 67
305.585 00
16. 946 00
92,263 18
1,362.776 00
270 23, 225, 149 20 I
253 . 22, 924, 576 64 ;
17, 677, 741 85
16, 178, 353 50
From April 1 From July 1 I
to June 30, ' to Angnit <
1865. 31. 1865. I
Total
Citu tb». Ciat. »f.
258,886 00 '
65,308 63
265,049 00 125,996 00
23,073 80
612,317 43
626.615 00
125,996 00
181,975 00
n.
300,572 56 1,499,388 35
I
14,297 57 55,979 00 1
CmL a*.
35. 823, 805 SO
363,071 00
84,400 00
126,090 00
1,104.408 30
1,085,371 00
29,376 00
211,054 fiJJ
2, 813, 697 K)
41,641.204 i^
39,911.520 14
1.729,684 34
Statanent showing the receipts of the Zollvereinfor duty on beet-root sugar and
the distribution of them from the \st of September, 1864, to the 1st of Sep-
tember, 1865.
States.
6
u
B
p
o
•n
eS
I
Prussia t 234
Luxemburg
Bavaria. .
Saxonia.
Hanover
Wurtemberg
Baden
Hesse Cassel
Hesse Darmstadt
Thuringia.
Brunswick
Oldenburg
Nassau
Frankfort-on-the-Main .
2
18
18,867,061
197,731
4,695,424
2,225,240
1,908,631
1,720,708
1,365,732
710,680
874,487
1,069,821
257,624
238,562
454,326
327,477
pC4
Total , 270 34,913,504
35,823,805 27
363,071 00
84,401 00
126,020 00
1,104,423 75
1,085,371 00
29,376 00
211,055 70
2,813,697 80
41,641,221 52
Si
o fl
•S 2 2
• j^ flj
^ !R t-i
-I
o S
B fls a
o o • c
* .s ♦» ** «
2|s.il
8,499,613
87,167
19,492
24,780
267,953
268,284
6,384
50,778
660,000
9,884,451
5,154,439
54,019
1,282,779
607,931
832,645
470,093
373,116
194,155
238,909
292,273
70,382
104,073
124, 121
85,516
9,884,451
February 14, 1SG6.
In addition to my annual report of the let of October, 1865, I beg to famisb
yon the following statement about the health of Frankfort especially, and of
Germany generally, during the last year.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
FRANKFORT-OX-THE-MAIN. 405
THR TRICHINA DISEASE.
As regards human beings, the year has taken its regular course, in a sanitary
respect, with the exception of some parts of Germany, especially Saxony and
Bavariat where isolated cases of cholera have occurred. The neighborhood of
Frankfort, however, has been again remarkable for uninterrupted health. It has
been different, however, in the animal world ; the cattle plague, as well as the ^
trichina disease, having done great injury in some parts of Germany.
The cattle plague (rinderpest in German ; in French, pest bovine, or typhus
contagieux desheles a cores) has not been noticed at all in Frankfort and its im-
mediate neighborhood. But as soon as it appeared in England and Belgium,
and precautions had been taken in France against the importation of diseased
cattle, similar measures were also taken in this city. In the villages of this
district, especially, the symptoms were made known by which the disease could
at once be discovered and mode of treatment. Of worse effect was the trichina
disease of the swine, as it occurred nearer Frankfort, in the electorate of Hesse,
which infected and killed people who ate of the diseased pork. The fear of in-
fection among the population here was also so great, and the business of that not
inconsiderable body of tradesmen (the pork butchers) was suffering so much,
that the authorities felt themselves obliged to send a physician to the neighbor-
hood where the disease was raging the roost violently, in order to study its
nature and treatment, and, secondly, to appoint a veterinary surgeon for the
special purpose of examining all the swine imported, to determine whether they
were diseased, and also for instructing breeders of swine how to treat and
especially how to feed those not yet attacked.
As it may be of interest in those parts of our country where breeding and
slaughtering swine form so important a branch of business to be acquainted with
some particulars of this disease, I beg to give the following extract from the
report of Dr. S. T. Stein, who was sent by the authorities here to the village of
Hedersleben, in Prussia, to study the disease. He says : " The accounts of differ-
ent newspapers concerning the dreadful effects inadequately describe the ap-
pearance, nature, and manner of the disease, the calamity, the woful disconsola-
tion, and pitiful scenes which occur every day. Already a hundred children have
lost either a father or a mother. Scarcely a house in the town (a place of 500
inhabitants) has been spared by the pestilence. There are nearly 300 lying sick
without consolation; and the greater part of them know what the inevitable end
must be. About 70 or 80 pei-sons, who felt unwell at the commencement of the
endemic, fled (through fright at supposed cholera) towards the Eisfeld and Harz
mountains, were left half way without help and without consolation, and a large
portion of them have already died. Daily funeral processions pass through the
lifeless streets.
" The physician of the larger sugar manufactory of the place, at the com-
mencement, supposed the disease to be cholera.
" The physician's wife died of the disease quite at the commencement.
" The attack began with vomiting and diarrhosa, and was treated with an ener-
getic application of opium. This had the effect of stopping the diarrhoea, which
was unfortunate, as it obstructed the carrying off from the body the trichina)
developed in the intestines. In consequence the young brood was developed in
great quantities, and after five weeks of continuous production of trichinae great
convulsions took place.
" I examined a great number of cases with every symptom of the disease, such
as coldness of the chest, difficulty of breathing, swollen face, stiffness and con-
traction of the muscles, dropsy, combined with intolerable pain.
"Those who arc attacked arc scarcely able to tsike any food, on account of
Digitized by
Coogle
406 ANNUAL EEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
the paralysis of the muscles of the mouth, and many are nourished hy injections
of flour starch.
''Animals, moreover, display and develop enormous quantities of trichinae
distributed over the whole body, and especially in the muscles of the breast and
head of the windpipe, which accounts for the sufferei-s having those excrucia-
ting pains in the chest, want of breath, and convulsive choking sensations.
''As generally happens in such cases, the workmen and the lower classes of the
, population have been attacked. In the hospitals for the workmen of the manu-
factory of the place, 24 out of 27 patients have already died, and the other
three are hopelessly HI. The same is true in almost all cases. Few ever recover.
" It is, however, a remarkable circumstance that all children under 14 years of
age attacked by the disease have recovered, and though 120 have had the diseasei
not a single one has died. Parents die and leave sick children without nourish-
ment.
" This endemic is of a character very different from those which have previously
been described. As regards its details the cases may be divided into three
classes :
" 1st. Gases in which the most violent diarrhoea takes place and continues.
" 2d. Cessation of diarrhoea, constant pains of the muscles, and lassitude of the
limbs ; in the third week watery tumors, either on the face or on the arms and
legs ; sometimes on the right arm and left leg, and vice versa. A high fever gener-
ally accompanies it, with a pulse at 120 a minute and much perspiration. In
most cases, besides the great difficulty in breathing from the paralysis of the
muscles of the breast, a falling off of the cuticle takes place. The patients are
subject to violent attacks of coughing with excretion, consisting of white, thick,
glutinous slune ; after which they fall asleep and die in an hour in delirium.
" 3d. This class of patients are taken ill only after they have eaten the meat
five weeks. In these cases there is no diarrhoea, and no gastric phenomena,
but always pains in the muscles, (and these so violent that the sufferers main-
tain that they are stiff as sticks in this condition,) with the watery tumors and
want of breath mentioned above. The persons in this third classification of the
disease always recover.
" To exterminate the trichin® still alive in the fifth week, (and which have
been found impregnated or giving birth to young ones,) 2 drachms of benzine,
with 6 ounces of water, together with a strong purgative, have been applied ;
a dessert spoonful administered every two hours. Of this, three or four bottles
are to be taken, and then a strong preparation of quinine.
"Convalescents should have strengtnening diet — wine and preparations of iron.
In case of restlessness, anxiety, or great pain, tincture opii lowzoica should be
used ; and in case of sleeplessness, morphia, in powder.
" The trichinae, when placed under a microscope, have grown (proportionately
speaking) to a common size, and when warmed cast forth their pemicioaa brood.
One male trichina is found to every six females ; and dissection shows enor-
mous masses of impregnated trichinie and millions of their young in the
muscles. Moreover, the liver is diseased in its fatty particles. The filaments
of the muscles are also, for the most part, filled with exuberant nuclei of
trichina;. • • •
" The corpses are buried quite simply, without saturating the grave with mat-
ter poisonous to the trichinae, or covering the body with some such preparation ;
a measure which certainly would be very useful in preventing the spread of the
disease. It has been proved that field rats and mice, moles, ticks, &:c., contain
trichina; in large quantities. In earth-worms, also, especially in that part of
the country, after microscopic researches just instituted, the presence of small
animals of the trichina genus have been discovered in large quantities. All
these form part of the food of swine. Also, in the fibres of the beet-root
there exist trichina-like, capsuled, spiral- rolled little worms of the trichina
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
FRAN^FORT-ON-TIIE-MAIN. 40 T
genus. How far the propagation of these parasites extends is shown by the
startling case that the eggs deposited by bluebottle flies in the dead body of a
trichina-diseased rabbit, and the maggots produced therefrom, were also the
seats of great quantities of trichiuffii which took up their quarters there for a
long time afterwards.
"Reports in several newspapers state that experiments have been tried respect-
ing the existence of trichina; at a high degree of temperature, but it has proved
that the supposition that trichinae could live iu thoroughly boiled or roasted
meat la without foundation. This is notorious, and the testimony is supported
by master cooks and others in the same trade, that in well-cooked meat the
trichinae are quite dead. In the mean time, on the other hand, experience has
taught that a piece of meat boiled for several hours (should it be of considerable
thickness) will be perfectly cooked on the outside, while the inside is half raw,
and, by an accurate examination with a thermometer immediately on removal
from the kettle, will only show a heat of from 40 to 56^ Raumer. This kind of
meat is much eaten here, and, naturally, the trichinae in the middle portion of
the piece are full of life. The Hedersleben generation of trichinae was so pro-
lific that, in some instances, in only a small piece of minced meat on the point
of a knife the number was sufficient to cause death ; and in one case, even
licking an empty plate on which there had been such meat produced the same'
effect."
In another part of his report Dr. Stein says : " Animal culae are met with
in different kinds of plants besides the sugar-beet, resembling trichinae — that
is, belonging to the order of nematodes — which leads to the supposition that
trichinae in swine stood iu connexion with those round worms, ascaris. If
trichinae are found in field animals, as well as in house mice and rats, then these
originate in a direct line from swine, or vice versa, A similar appearance of
parasites can be accounted for in a comprehensible manner in roan ; and there is
a possibility that all carnivorous animals are liable to be affected with trichinae,
while animals chewing the cud, and all slaughter-house animals, with the ex-
ception of swine, which separate ail animal matter from their food, are, conse-
quently, perfectly free from trichinae."
*' As to the occurrence of animals in beet-root, I have discovered in a capsule-
formed covering of the fibres of the root, about the same size as a trichina cap-
sule, (not, however, calcined, but possessing a cellular construction,) two round
worms, with rudder-shaped horns on the head, and also a female, with eggs
and several young ones ; also a male with horseshoe form of posterior, (much
smaller than that of the female,) and rolled up in a spiral form. Several micro-
scopic experiments, as well as the physiology of these animals, which I had the
opportunity of observing in full life, have convinced me, even if they do re-
semble trichinae in form, that they stand in no relationship with the developments
of trichinae in swiue. I propose, shortly, publishing the comparative examina-
tions, accompanied with characteristic drawings. And it roust be received as a
fact that swine have always been the principal bearers of trichinae, and that man
and also all other carnivorous animals in which the muscle parasites are found
are mutatis mutandis infected from this source.
" Lastly, I remark, that in those swine which I examined at Hedersleben I
found in every fifth a sort of worm-like vesicle filled with small grains, the animal-
culae of borospcrm or rainey ; and all these swine have beeneaten without, up to
the present time, any deleterious results. It follows from all evidence that an
inspection of meat undertaken by inexperienced persons, on account of the
difiiculty of the examination, must lead to innumerable mistakes, and, therefore,
such an examination, whenever it is practicable, should be made by practiced
and qualified individuals. Of late years there has already been a great deal
written on the subject of trichinae, and in several instances usefully and popu-
larly. From all I have read on the subject, those worms have been injurious
Digitized by V^jOO'
ijurioi
408 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
to human health from time immemorial, and that especially the affliction of
tape- worm, or gonrd-worm, (band-wurm,) bo prevalent with old and young, i?
originated by the introduction of trichinae into the human body. In England,
as far back as 1834, that celebrated comparative anatomist, Richard Owen, dis-
covered trichina; passed over into muscles.'*
To show that the trichina disease has been observed years ago in Germany,
I beg to furnish a very interesting little sketch contained in the Quarterly Re-
view, edited by Professor Caspar. It was written in 1863, under the title of
The Trichinas in Court, by Dr. A. Succke, Professor in the University of Berhn.
He says : " The public at large, whether from an egotistical trade interest or
from hasty criticism, express their doubts as to the danger of trichina;. Tbe
following questions form the base of the fundamental ground of their disbelief:
* Where were the trichinsc at an earlier period 1 And why did people not then
fall sick and die of it? * To which questions he replies as follows : * Shortly
before Easter, in 1845, a school inspection was held at a small town, called
Jessen, in the district of Schweinitz, and in the governmental depai-tment of
Mersburg. at which the clergy, staff of masters, and members of the magistracy
assisted. During a pause iu the examination the commissioners adjourned to
breakfast at a person's house who had been an apothecary, but who was at tbe
time a merchant and dealer in wines, but who was not himself present. Of tbe
eight commissionei-s the head preacher alone did not partake of the breakfast,
being detained by his official duties. The breakfast consisted of sausages, raw
ham, and cheese, with white wine. Towards the conclusion of the breakfast
he made his appearance, but did not partake of anything except some red wine.
*' ' Some days after the breakfast, the rector and a deacon who had taken part
M'ere attacked by diarrhoea, followed by vomiting and general debility. This,
however, did not prevent him from setting out for Magdeburg on the Ist of
April, where he had to complete his examination. Having done this, he pro-
posed going to Harsburg for his ordination, but was obliged to remain iu Halle
on account of his health. On the 4th of April he was under the treatment of
the district physician and health commissioner, Herxberg, who at first noted
the symptoms as catarrh and fever, and subsequently as gastric fever. Accord-
ing to the reminiscences of his relatives, the diarrhoea continued, the limbs be-
came paralyzed, and his mind wandered, and on the 15th of April he died, as
the doctor reported, from apoplexy.
" * A second guest at the hreakfast was also attacked with diarrhoea, and
suffered from prostration during his Easter services. In spite of this he travelled
to Friburg, in order to officiate in that town. On his return he only reached
Naumburg, as his weakness increased, with swelling of all his limbs, and typhus
symptoms succeeded, and he died in ten or twelve days.
'' ' A third was also taken ill, soon after the breakfast, with diarrhoea. Then
his whole body swelled, and he died in less than fourteen days.
** * A fourth was a strong, healthy man, but he also was seized with diaiThoea
and swelling in all his limbs, and died in about two months.
" * A fifth, the]mayor, felt perfectly well eight days after the breakfast, but pain-
ful diaiThoea, however, then commenced, accompanied by red eruptions on the
skin, causing severe irritation. The diarrhoea increased in violence, and half his
body swelled from head to foot. There was want of sleep, but no delirious
symptoms. His illness lasted about eight weeks. At present he is well.
^* *A short time after this event, ateacher fell ill from diarrhoea, quickly followed
by an extensive swelling of the whole body and a stiffness of the limbs, which
reduced him to the condition of a cripple. In this case there were more symp-
toms of delirium. In this state he lingered for months, and when, at length,
he was convalescent and tried to walk, he found that he had lost the use of his
limbs, and was obliged to learn to walk again, like a child, but never recDvered
his former muscular strength.
Digitized b^CiOOgl(:!
FBANKFOBT-ON-THE-MAIN. 409
<* < This striking sickness of seven men after a meal taken in common drew the
attention of the district physician to the subject, and an investigation was set
on foot ; and the remarkable circumstance that the only one of the breakfast
party who had not fallen ill had drunk only red wine, and though he had eatcu
nothing, directed suspicion to the white wine. According to report, the sus-
pected wine was made way with ; yet another person affirms that Mr. M., an
apothecary, examined the wine and found nothing to raise any suspicion. In
the mean time the exhumation of two of the bodies was ordered, and a judicial
dissection and chemical analysis were made. The end of the matter was that
the exhumation produced no result, and the judicial investigation was a disap-
pointment. Still the adulteration of the wine was suspected.
" * This aflTair was buried and forgotten until the schoolmaster was taken into
the hospital of the University of Berlin, in February, 1863, for an operation
for cancer in the throat. In relating cases of sickness, he mentioned the poison-
ing affiiir eighteen years before. But considering the nature of the illness and
the length of time elapsed, the story did not gain much credence. We per-
ceived, however, at the operation, when the uppermost layer of muscles was cut
through, innumerable white specks in the muscles, which we immediately
recognized as trichinae. The microscopic examination, undertaken by me,
:'howed that the entire body of the trichina was contained in capsules, and the
animal came out on squeezing the capsule, accompanied by a quantity of dififer-
ont crystals, among which appeared triple-phosphate. I succeeded in no in-
.^rance in finding any active movement in the animals. They were, therefore,
dead ; but after a sojourn of eighteen years in the body they were totally un-
changed. From that moment we had not a shadow of doubt that the ex-
traordinary and hitherto unaccountable poisoning of seven people at a break-
fast was to be attributed only to an immigration of trichinae. It is, therefore,
quite clear that in the above-mentioned cases there can be no question of poison-
ing by the wine, although at the time poison by white lead was suspected. The
symptoms of poisoning by that means are entirely different ; and if it was a
question of acute poison, how could they have made it coincide with a chronic
diarrhoea?"'
At that time trichina; was not yet known ; and the investigation appointed
took no cognizance of the meat that was eaten. If we pay attention to the
symptoms of the sickness with which the poisoning appeared, (particularly in
the cases where we can rely on the report of the survivors,) we find them to
coincide entirely with the symptoms we have since learned to know as trichina,
viz : the painless diarrhcsa, swellings, typhoid symptoms, the long duration of
the illness, and subsequent prostration and debility of the muscular system, all
correspond exactly.
To meet the objection, " Why, at the time, other attacks were not noticed
where the same sausages and ham had been consumed by many other persons V*
it should be replied : The trichina disease was formerly known as typhus or
^.istric fever, &c., &c , and it is, therefore, probable that many other persons in
that neighborhood also suffered from the consumption of this meat without any
one suspecting that their illness had anything to do with poisoning. In the
case mentioned attention was turned exclusively to the wine, and inasmuch af^
solitary cases of typhus occur not unfrequently in the spring. Possibly, also,
the ham and sausages came from a remote district, or, as may also be observed,
the meat may have been so strongly smoked that, in certain parts, trichinae
were killed, and only some of the dangerous parts were consumed at this fatal
breakfast. The negative results of the legal investigation, the simultaneous
occurrence of the attacks, and the fact of those who had not partaken of the
food, consisting of ham and sausages, remaining in uninjured health, the symp-
toms of the disease, and finally the discovery of the trichina in one of the sur-
vivors, who affirms that beithcr before nor since that attack had he any similar
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
410
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Hickness, must most thoroughly convince us that the poisoning was caused by
trichinae. It is unfortunate that our colleagues were not successful in persuad-
ing the two other survivors to submit to an examination. I have no doubt that
their muscles concealed numbers of trichina, and the proof of their presence
would have settled all doubts on the subject. • • •
Finally, I beg to add that the general apprehension arising from the use of
pork, or from the possible danger of an attack of trichinae, has induced the
board of health of this city to republish the explanations already issued last
year. They are as follows :
Should any trichina; exist in a piece of meat, which is afterwards thoroughly
cooked to the very middle, either by boiling or roasting, they are totally de-
stroyed, and the meat may be. eaten with impunity.
Salting, smoking, pickling, or rubbing with creosote, are not sufficient to kill
the trichinae in the centre of the piece of meat, or in sausages or ham. Pre-
served meats must also have been, some time or other, thoroughly cooked in
order to be eaten without any possible danger. A case of illness, traceable to
the trichina disease, has not been known of late in Frankfort If one bad
occurred, it could scarcely have escaped public notice, taking into consideration
the attention given to the subject by the public and medical faculty.
WURTEMBERG.
Stuttgart — E. Klauprecht, Consul.
October 31, 1865.
In conformity with consular instructions, I have the honor of transmitting my
first annual report on the trade, commerce, industry and agricultare of thi<
consular district.
Tabular statement showing ihe description and value, in florins, of the goods
exported to the United States from within this consular district during the
year ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
1st quarter 2d quarter.
Corsets I 66,677.29
Wines : , 8,067.49
Drugs , 6,361.09 i
Woollen goods 3,063.29 .
Cotton and linen goods ! 1,460.24 !
Books and works of art | 2,411.49 '
Leather and leather ware '
Watches
Dried fruit !
Tobacco '
Jewelry and silver ware I
Glassware : I
Fancy goods !
Toys
43,672.07
1,496.44
5,747.43
4,812.09
1,380.00
446.54
260.00
Plum brandy. .
Cheese
Copper ware. - .
Miscellaneous .
l,iJ29.37 4,843.24
Total florins ! 89,971.46 62,661.01 236,260.59
I
3d quarter. I 4th quarter.
181,184.20
7,000.16
25,904.59
3,564.21
3,314.35
537.03
240.00
4,999.07
84.00
2,690.21
324.23
119.24
325,768.r>i
14,374.1*4
9,458.5.-
6,152.57
9,632.tV.
11,357. m
2, 276.04
l,(r70.l»<'
G,091.:r.
'""2,*984'4i
6,298.10
Jigitized by
Gxx)g
1,694.4M
113,124
1,170.14
271. i:
7,245. U»
399, 661. :W
WURTEMBERO. 411
These miscellaneous goods are: articles for lithographic use, ivorj, wood
and carved bone ware, moss, painted and lacquered tinware, sago, confection-
eries, gold, pressed and fancy paper, bnlb roots, manufactures of hair, wax, &c.
By comparing the first two quarters with the third it will be seen that since the
close of the war the export trade of Wurtemberg with the United States has
increased considerably. While my predecessor, during the first two quarters,
verified 87 invoices, I despatched 311 to the collectors of the ports ; a greater
number than was ever sent in a corresponding period of former years since the
establishment of the consulate. The number of invoices verified during the
same quarters of last year amounted to 167. Most of the goods exported from
this district are forwarded by railway to Bremen and Hamburg, and from there
by steam or sailing vessels to the United States. The freight and insurance on
the railway to these ports are : freight to Bremen, 2.20 florins per 100 pounds ;
to Hamburg, 3.15 florins. Insurance, 6 kreutzers per 100 florins value. Wine
is principally forwarded by way of Mannheim and down the Rhine to Rotter-
dam or Antwerp. But a few firms, for greater despatch, sometimes send their
goods via Havre and Liverpool.
There are no statistics to which I could refer in order to give the general ex-
ports or imports of this consular district, forming a part of the German Zollverein.
A separate account for Wurtemberg has not been kept, and would meet with
obstacles on account of the great transit of goods from other German states and
from Switzerland.
The principal imports from the United States are : cotton, petroleum, tobacco,
rosin, turpentine, clover-seed, hogs' lard and hams, quercitron, lamps, hops, staves,
machinery. A considerable amount of machinery for house-building and other
purposes was imported this spring by Mr. Traeger, formerly in the navy of the
United States — his exhibition at Stuttgart, and the working of the machinery,
creating a sensation among the architects and builders.
If the kingdom of Wurtemberg offers no large field to the American spirit of
speculation, it acquires great importance to our trade industry and agriculture
in view of the great export of labor in that large stream of emigration which,
from the commencement of this century, rolled its waves towards our shores.
According to the census of December 4, 1S65, the population of Wurtem-
berg amounted to 1,748,328 souls, with the following confessions:
Protesunts, 1,179,814 ; Catholics, 527,057 ; Christian Dissenters, 2,499 ; Jews,
11,388.
Population of the principal cities: Stuttgart, 61,314; Ulm, 22,736; Heilbronn,
13,333; Reutheigen, 13,075.
The statistical bureaus of the state return the number of emigrants as follows :
From 1812-1822 24, lOS
1822-1832 22, 997
1832-1842 21, 660
1842-1852 54, 285
1852-1855 41, 279
1858-1861 11, 382
1862-1864 18, 217
Total number from 1812 to 1864 193, 928
The maximum of the regular emigration is given by the years 1853 and 1854,
14,582 and 21,320 persons. From 1858 the average number was about 7,000.
According to statistical returns of 1857, 70 per cent, of these emigrants went to
the United States; 3-4 per cent, to Australia; the rest principally to the neigh-
boring states. The returns say: " We do not overrate the numbers by assuming
that within the last two decades there have emigrated to the United States
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
412
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
200,000. Wurtembergers, among wliicb at least 160,000 adults and aboat
120,000 men of the most vigorous age. Agriculture is the great source of Wur-
temberg prosperity."
The export of breadstuffa to Switzerland and Voralberg, and down the Rhine,
is very considerable.
The principal grain is the spelt, (triticum spelta) a kind of wheat which make?
a very good flour.
Tabular statement of agricultural products in Wurtemberg and iluir ralues.
Total value.
Spelt
Wheat
Rye
Barley
Mixed gp^in
Spelt
Wheat
Rye
Barley
Oats
Mixed {^rain.
Peas and lentils
Beans
Indian corn
Vetches
Total
Oil-plants, hops, sugar,
beets, cabbage, po-
tatoes, hemp, and
flax
Clover and hay
Floring,
30,211,0-21;
1 , 425, 5!35
4,912,0^f9
286,136
1,386,113
l,116,!5o5
At the markets of Wurtemberg, grain and potatoes are sold by weight.
Pounds.
The weight of a scheflFel of winter wheat is from 260 to 270
"^ ' winter rye is from 250 to 2*55
winter barley 240
winter spelt 150
summer wheat 260
summer rye 240
oats 170
Indian corn 250
Digitized by LjOOQIC
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do
do.
WURTEBIBERG. 413
The weight of Wartcmberg is lighter than the American weight; 123»461
American pounds making 119,730 pounds of the former. This year's grain
crop is a verj poor one, bat the sorplos of the last two years will cover the
demand at moderate prices. The potato crop was an extraordinary one. The
average prices are : Spelt, 3.10 florins per 100 pounds ; wheat, 1.12 florins per 100
pounds ; rye, 3.51 florins per 100 pounds ; barley, 3.35 florins ; oats, 3.40 ; pota-
toes 40 kreutzers per 100 pounds. 60,000 morgen of vineyards give an average
product of 140,743 eimer, (77§ gallons per eimer,) 2| eimer per morgen. The*
era of railroads brought higher prices to the wines of Wurtemberg, while
in the decade from 1827~'36 the average price per eimer was 21.50 florins ;
the same was sold during the six years from 1857-62 at an average price of 41.16
florina. The quality and quantity of last year's yield was a poor one, the total
product amounting to 55,338 eimer, average price 38.25 florins per eimer. The
quantity of this year's wine crop is below the average, 1-1 J eimer per morgen,
but prices are very high on account of the excellency of the growth, equalling
the best of the century. In the district of Stuttgart, prices vary from 93 to 98
florins. Porter gieser (at 105 degrees) were sold at 164-1 86 florins per eimer, while
the highest price in 1864 of the best growth did not exceed 100 florins. At Heil-
bronn prices vary from 62-92 florins per eimer for mixed white, while white and
red Biesling, Trollinger, and other fine sorts fetched from 97-130 florins. In the
Keinsthal, (valley of the Reins,) prices have reached 200 florins per eimer ; the
whole value of the product of 1865 is estimated at 14,000,000 florins.
The culture of tobacco, a few years ago, rapidly increased, stimulated by high
prices, but has sunk to its former insignificance. It is now limited to the cir-
caits of Heilbronn, Tetnung, and Ludwigsburg, and the quality of the prodnct
is very inferior; prices are from 9-10 florins per centner, (100 pounds.) The
culture of hops has increased mainly in the neighborhood of Rottenburg and Tubin-
gen, which, at the rate of 70 florins per centner, brought 2,146,760 florins. This
year's crop is abundant, prices 98 florins per centner. Wurtemberg is a great cat-
tle-raising state, richer than any other state of Europe in homed stock, £ngland
not excepted. The latest statistical returns give the following numbers of do-
mestic animals : cattle, 957,172 ; horses, from three years and upwards, 79,711 ;
sheep, 683,842 ; hogs, 216,965 ; or to the German square mile, 271 horses,
2,704 cattle, 1,931 sheep, 613 hogs. The value of the homed stock amounts
to 120,000,000 florins. The prices of beef are from 14-15 kreutzers (1^ kreut-
zer 1 cent) per pound; pork, 12-15 kreutzers; veal, 12-14 kreutzers. Partic-
ular [care is devoted to the raising of horses, and the studs of the Ring, at
Weil, Schamhausen, and Kleinhohenheim, enjoy a world-wide reputation.
There are held annually 183 horse-markets, the most important of which is
that of Stuttgart (end of April) with about 1,000 horses: the half of this num-
ber is regularly sold at an average sum of about 70,000 florins. In some years
Wurtemberg exports 4,000 horses.
Wool-growing has not succeeded as well as cattle-raising. The annual product
of wool amounts to about 15,000 centners. The most important wool market is
that of Kirchhcim. Last year there were brought to that market 15,427 cent-
ners, 576 of which found no buyera. The net proceeds were 1,925400 florins.
Florins. Florins per centner.
254 centners Spanish wool 39, 370 - 155
14.057 centners mixed wool 1,827,410 130
540 centners domestic wool 58, 320 108
14,851 1.925,100
This year about the same quantity sold rapidly at somewhat lower prices.
Spanish wool, 144 florins ; mixed, 120 florins ; and domestic 102 florins. Owing
Digitized by LjOOQIC
414 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
to the increase of the potato rot of former years, the raising of hogs had con-
siderably decreased ; the farmers were compelled to import hogs from Bavaria
and Hungary. The stock, however, has been considerably improved by the
ifiortatioa of the so-called Dusselthaler, (Suffolk race.) The total value of
hogs is returned at 4,000,900 foriss. The material welfare and moral meliora-
tion of the people is the great aim of the government of Wortemberg, and, ia
furtherance of this object, its exertions are directed with a noble energy to the
improvement of agriculture, industry, and commerce. The period of industrial
development for Wurtemberg began with the abolition of custom boundaries be-
tween the German states. * * * To commence with the manufacture of
cotton goods : This most prominent branch of Wurtemberg's industry (as
throughout the whole Zollverein) suffered but very little under the wild cotton
speculation raging in England, and producing that destructive crisis, ruining so
many of the largest cotton spinning, weaving, and printing establishments, be-
sides many Liverpool houses; while on this side of the channel, in France, and,
above all, in Austria, failures followed failures; the states of the Zollverein,
strengthened by the preceding years, which the manufacturers of Wurtemberg took
the best advantage of, suffered but little ; the rates of interest never rose above
6^ per cent. There are in the state 20 cotton-spinning establishments, with
236,862 spindles, 11,843 on an average to each establishment, and from 15 to
16 hands to each 1,000 spindles. The fineness of the spun yam has considerablj
improved during the last decade. The larger half (65 per cent.) consists of No.
30-42; the remainder (35 per cent.) of No. 6-30; of Nos. 50, 60, 80, very
little is spun, principally for the manufacture of velvet. 170,000 spindles famish
annually 6,800,000 English pounds of thrcad,valued at 500,000 to 6,000,000 florins.
They consume 7,500,000 pounds of cotton, most of which ( 85 per cent.) consists
of American, and the resiaue of East India growth. The prices varied from
fl. 1 42 kr. to fl. 1 52 kr. for No. 36, and from fl. 1 18 kr. to fl. 1 24 kr. for No.
20, per Zollpound. There are 110 cotton- weaving establishments in the king-
dom, giving employment to 6,580 hands. Besides those, there are 9,471 pro-
fessional weavers, working on their own account. Upon the whole, there are
13,000 looms in activity, among which are 800 for corsets alone. In the latter
article, the chief export of Wurtemberg to the United States, the factories at
Goeppingen, Berg, Nuertingen, Stuttgart, and Ludwlgsburg, compete with the
whole world, on account of the cheapness of labor (female) here, 24 kreutzers
(16 cents) per day, without board or lodging. The weekly wages of a weaver
are from 4 to 8 florins per week, ($1 60 to $3 20.) The principal cotton manu-
factures are calico, dimity, sarsenets, double cloth, cambrics, colored cottonets.
perials, domestics, chiffons, Manchester shirting, satins, brilliantines, velvets, and
velveteens. The total value of the manufactures amounts to 15,000,000 florins.
Although the raising of silkworms, steadily pursue^l at the agricultural col-
lege at Hohenheim, has not as yet exhibited favorable results, the manufacture
of silk goods already shows a very respectable beginning. The number of
spindles is 6,000, giving employment to 487 laborers. The largest factories
are at Gmund, Bouingheim, Aidlingen, Horb, and their leading articles are
sewing silk, taffetas, black neck-cloth, gros de tours, satin. The total value of
the manufacture amounts to 425,000 florins.
The total amount of linen goods manufactured in the state is from 7,000,000
to 8,000,000 florins, 12 ells (126 ells are about 85 American yards) or 48 pounds,
or 4.12 florins in value per capita to every inhabitant. The number of hands
employed in the manufacture is about 20,000. From the period when the price
of cotton rose 100 per cent, and more, the prices of linen manufactures on an
average only rose 10 per cent., so that linen goods have become proportionally
cheaper than cotton goods. With the high price of cotton, the interest of the
consumer turned to woollen goods, the manufacture of which has increased in
consequence thereof; 2,888 looms furnish annually about 5,250,000 ells woollen
Digitized by V^OOQIC
WURTEMBBRO. 415
and mixed goods, valaed at 785,000 florias. In the manufacture of all kinds of
bosiery, stockings, jackets, ice, 1,825 hands are engaged ; the number of looms
is 1,266. In laces, Wurtemberg begins to excel Saxony. Painted and lack-
ered tinware is manofactured on a large scale at Esslingen, Ludwigsburg,
Biberach, and Goeppingen. Plaque and fine English copper ware are made at
Giesllngen by an establishment employing 64 hands.
Six large factories at Gmund and thirteen at Stuttgaii; manufacture gold
ware with the most exquisite taste; they employ 600 hands. Silver ware is
manufactured at Heilbronn by an establishment renowned throughout Europe
for the taste and excellence of its fabrics ; it employs 120 hands. In the pro-
duction of all kinds of castings and machinery Wurtemberg also takes a high
rank. One establishment at Esslingen gives employment to 1,000 hands, and
sends annually 40 to 50 locomotives to all parts of Europe. There are in the
state flour, grist and oil mills, 2,758 ; glass, china, and stoneware manufactories,
15 ; glove manufactories, 7 ; wax ware manufactories, 26 ; perfumery manufac-
tories, 9 ; gold pressed and fancy paper manufactories, 3 ; playing-card manu-
factories, 7 ; asphalt board manufactories, 1 ; mathematical and optical instru-
ment manufactories, 79; ivory, horn, and carved bone ware manufactories, 4;
printing and engraving establishments, 180 ; paper mills, 48 ; publishing houses,
53.
Stuttgart is the centre of the book- publishing trade of southern Germany,
which amounts to 3^ million florins annually. One of its publishing firms,
that of C. G. Gotta, is in possession of the copyrights of the works of most of
the distinguished authors of Germany, and consumes a greater quantity of
printing paper than all the publishing firms of Berlin together. Within three
years the publishing houses of Stuttgart issued 1 ,286 new works.
The fabrication of beet sugar promises to become an important branch of the
industry of the state. Last year the factories at Heilbronn, Boellingen, Al-
thauseu, Zuttlingen and Stuttgart consumed 1,292,241 centners of sugar beets.
The value of the product was about 2^ millions of florins. One morgeu pro-
duced from 100 to 150 centners, at a price of 29 kreutzera per centner.
The traffic by the railroads, extending over 745 German miles, (y^ to each
square mile, ) which are the property of the government, is very lively. In
1864, 4,653,223 persons and 13,707,308 centners of freight goods were for-
warded by these roads. The receipts amounted to 2,509,754 florins for per-
sons, and 3,801,786 florins for freight. The roads yield an aimual revenue of
about 3,000,000 of florins.
Wurtemberg possesses no river of importance. The navigation of the Neckar,
£L tributary to the Rhine, is limited to a few small steamers and sailing vessels.
Its chief port is Heilbronn; the freight arrivals there amounted last year to
6,854 centners ; like that of the Neckar, the navigation of the Danube is an-
nually decreasing, and its entire suspension, owing to the completion of the
railroads, may, within a very short time, be expected. Ulm, its chief port in the
state, shipped in 1864 but 21,073 centners of freight in 23 vessels, against
44,217 centners in 1863. In consequence of the flourishing condition of com-
merce and industry, and of the scarcity of labor produced by emigration, the
prices of labor have advanced within the last year fully 100 per cent.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
416 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
HANSEATIC FREE CITIES.
BrBMB.X — HbNRY BOBRNSTBIIV, Cotuul.
August 26, 1865.
I have the honor to submit herewith a complete statement of Bremen's com-
merce and navigation daring the year 1864. The total importation in the year
1864 was 13,976,116 hundred- weight, valued at Bremen gold thalers 67,113,930,
against, in 1863, 14,178,586 hundred- weight, valued at Bremen gold thaler$
67,145,146, which shows that the importation remained in the same proportions
and conditions as in the last three jears. The total exportation from the port of
Bremen in 1864 was 6,529,258 hundred-weight, valued at Bremen gold thaler?
61,466,848, against, in 1863, 6,818,718 hundred-weight, valued at Bremen gold
thalers 60,406,656, showing the same general result as in former years. * *
Digitized by LjOOQIC
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Digitized by V^OOQ IC
424
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
A summary statement showing the number of Bremen's commercial Jleet (sea-
going vessels) and their tonnage, also the increase and decrease during the
years 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864.
INCREASE.
Tears.
1
"3
RECENTLY BUILT.
I
9
Ships.' Lasts. Ships,
Lasts.
S)
g
a
a
a,
3
a
PS
Ships. I Lasts, i Ships. Lasts. Last<i.
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
I860
1861
1862
1863
1864
251
63,r,S2 1
261
69,739 1
269
75,898 !
279
83,083
279
90,602
262
82,446
257
82, 375
253
82,868
277
90,935
302
103, 162
20
24
19
16
14
14
21
27
33
28
7,550
7,163
5,908
4,126
3,980
4,384
7,710
8,278
9,637
8,167
1,235
4,989
9,246
700
2,373
841
9
10
11
4
5
6
4
23
20
1.270
3,801
2,749
1, 182 ! 3jX»
864 ■
1,391 5<'
1,063 ti
6,550 *«
6,506 I 12S
1,727 ■ 146
DECREASE.
Years.
-i
rs
1
OB
'o
I
bo
•g .
i k
i
! P.
i
i
Ships.
Lasts.
Ships.
Lasts.
Ships.
Lasts. Lasts.
Ships.
Lasts.
1855
4
7
8
6
10
8
7
♦ 8
12
7
608
871
1.926
1
3
2
89
800
294
1,041
1,145
17
16
19
20
22
17
22
18
17
28
3,872 29
3,043 91
4, 173 68
4,778
7,092 187
3,945
6,4:12
5,389
3,136 9
8,712 21
261
269
279
279
262
257
253
277
302
G9,7:^>
1856
75,8l>"i
1857
8:J,0'i3
1858
1.576 3
90, tW
1859
4,576
1,949
1,870
1,509
3,132
1,9!0
82,446
I860
{^,37:>
1861
8-2. ^<'»'
1862
785
137
90, 9X^
1863
103. liV2
18Q4
298 : 103,4tR>
Digitized by LjOOQIC
HANSEATIC FREE CITIES.
425
Digitized by V^OOQIC
426
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Bremerhaven — F. W. Specht, Consular Agent,
Statement showing the description^ quantity , and value of the exports from Bre-
merhaveUf with the name of the port of destination, during the quarter ended
June 30, 1SG5.
(Compiled from official invoices.)
Description and quantitj.
13 cases of toys
1 case leathering knives .
126 casks succory meal
25 casks do
1 case velvet cloth
1 case lambskins
1 case music instruments .
1 oil painting
2 cases sundries
5 casks earthenware
78 cases medicine glasses.
Destination.
Value, including
costs and charges.
New York gold rix dollar .
do do
do do
— do do
do Prussianrix dollar.
do gold do
— do do
do do
— do do
do Prussian do
do gold do
R.d,
mA
3(K>
2,962
145
60
195
253
72
567
:u
350
Gt, Pf,
65 W)
54 W»
24 (KJ
6 UO
00 0(1
60 (K)
17 (M)
5 IKI
59 IK)
7 II
7 OU
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of exports from Bretucr-
haven to the United States for the quarter ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Quantitj.
Prunes I 1 cask gold rix dollar . . I
Springy I 78 bales Prussian do I
Wine I 10 casei gold.. do.
Crockery and hardware.. 9 cases do. ..do.
Crockery and toys I 7 cases do... do.
Sundries , 4 boxes do... do.
Chain and shale I 90 fathoms pds. sterl..
Liquor 3 boxes gold rix dollar .
Spirits vinegar j 6 hogsheads do do
White lead , 19 casks . . .Prussian rix dollar. .
Crockeryware | 2 cases gold. .do...
Lentils '100 bags )
Chiccory I 2 casks >
Cherries ' 7 casks )
Pitch 10 barrels gold rix dollar. .
Value.
R.d.Gr.Pf.
91 68 00
545 05 10
37 50 00
514 24 00
261 61 00
178 36 00
54 14 09
90 00 00
75 00 00
1, 160 14 04
146 50 00
1,095 11 00
95 00 00
Hamburg — J. H. Anderson, Consul
DECEiMBER 31. 1865.
I have the houor to lay before the department my annual report, embracing
the year 1864, on commerce, navigation, emigration, &c. Herewith you will
also find synopsis of the commercial and other relations between this port and
those of our country during the year closing to-day.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
HANSBATIC FREE CITIES.
427
Statetnent showing the description, quantity, and value of the direct imports
into Hamhurgfrom the United States during the year 1864.
Description.
Quantity.
Coffee, 1 barrel and bags. .
Cocoa do...
Saggar, brown, 764 barrels and cases . .
.barrels..
Value in
marks banco.
Honey.
Tobacco, 26 barrels, 1,527 cases and bales.
Tobacco stems, 66 barrels and bales..
Cigars, 528 cases and bale..
Pepper bags . .
Pimento bags . .
Cassia flowers cases . .
Cloves packages..
Ginger do
Green fruit, 145 barrels and cases..
Dried fruit barrels..
Rom, 25 casks and case..
Liquor, 1 cask and cases..
Different distilled liquors, 27 casks and do. . .
Maize, 1 case and bags..
Hops packages..
Chiocory flour barrels..
Wheat flour do
Amidam, (starch, ) 3 barrels, 126 cases, and packages . .
Pork, salted and smoked, 79 barrels and cases . .
Butter barrels. -
Lard do
Cheese boxes..
Canned fruits, 4 barrels and cases..
Various edibles
Building-timber pieces. .
Stayes do..
Other building materials
Quercitrons, 113 barrels and bags..
Logwood
Extract of loewood cases..
yellow wood do...
red wood do...
quercitrons do...
Terra-japonica packages..
Zinc, wnite barrels . .
Various coloring materials, 13 barrels and cases . .
Cantharides do . . .
Castoreum barrel..
Isinglass cases..
Sarsaj^arilla bales . .
Quassia wood pieces..
Jalap root bales..
Different medicinal roots, 25 barrels. 1 case and do. . .
seeds do...
herbs cases . .
Indian anise do.
52,878
472
290
2,096
7,615
99
1
3,971
12,667
113
1.158
100
71
133
1
75
10
2,700
131
15
75
36
530
3,017
6,379
250
211
1,630
479,020
100
Tonea beans, 3 cases and barrels.
Rosm barrels.
India-rubber cases.
Various kinds of rubber :,^^" '
Balsam copaiva, 80 barrels, 36 cases, and demijohns.
tolu cases.
Peppermint do. .
Oil of Indian anise do..
Various volatile oils do. .
Potash barrels.
48,900
1,350
300
950
25
570
255
5
1
3
968
2,535
24
54
35
7
15
2
307
4
6
78
4
118
38
23
25
2,826,900
19,190
154,830
227,360
869,520
10,220
697, 390
75,480
199,350
16,380
29,260
4,110
2,850
4,570
2,310
1,560
1,840
29,290
12,810
540
1,640
2,370
58,980
116,520
.')33,750
11,400
4,050
1,850
9,400
133,600
150
12,070
114,160
492,960
35,180
10,090
10,210
1,160
14,260
12,430
1,470
GOO
540
83.700
2,870
5,760
11,870
2, :H50
690
1,650
2,050
10, 100
800
3,000
25, 440
2,800
25, 100
10,610
4,190
2,510
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
428
ANKUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement — Continued.
DescriptioD.
Q-«'X- , Jt^oo.
I
Leached ashes barrels I
Chromic acid do
Yariet J chemicals, 2 barrels, 29 cases, and bale
Silver ore .' barrels
Co]
Qmd and silver scraping bales
Dried deerskins pieces
Salted., do do
HoTsehides do
Calfskins do
Deerskins do
Different furs, 36 barrels. 36 cases, and bales
Leather, 2 cases and pieces
Sole leather, 7 bales do
Morse teeth barrels
Whalebone bnndles
HorD, (homspitzen, ) 27 barrels, 3 cases, and bags
Entrails, 970 barrels and '. cases
Guano
39
465
1
125
5
17,468
10,454
2,952
769
16,665
369
1,000
13,649
2
1,707
507
14
Horsehair, 8 cases and packages
Eider down package .
Feathers do
Train oil barrels
Tallow do
Glue do
Wax, 209 barrels, 20 cases, and coils
Spermaceti cases
Paraffine do
Palm oil casks
Petroleum, 43,486 casks and cases
Olein and other oils, 96 casks and case
Red cloverseed, 8 barrels and bags
Timothy seed do
Various field and garden seeds, 7 barrels, 4 cases, and do
Mahogany wood pieces
Cedar wood do
Walnut do
Veneer cases
Hoops bundles
Moss, (from the woods) bales
Silk cases
Cotton baJes. . . .
Linen thread bale
Other raw materials
Silk goods cases
Woollen goods, 15 cases and bales
Cotton goods cases
Various dry goods, 21 cases and bale
India-rubber shoes cases
India-rubber goods, 28 cases and bales
Straw goods cases
Wooden pegs barrels
Wooden pins pieces
Wooden ware, 1 barrel, 38 cases, 40 packages, and do
Furniture, 9 cases, 1 bale, and do
Paper, 2 cases and bales
Paper goods, 4 cases and bale
Printed books, 99 cases and bales i
Pictures, 26 cases and do
Glassware, 172 barrels, 7 cases, and packages .
Marble ware cases. . . .
Common hardware, 1 case and pieces I
Digitized by
II
1
3i9
303
210
10
246
863
375
159
6
1
2,527
200
7
226
111
864
52
1,000
10
5
42
1
3
10
6
I
48
21
2
1,635
45,507
240 I
23
26 !
1
13
7 ,
18
940
•2,631
3,540
45,89()
246,310
2,100
153. bSi)
108,820
22,190
1,540
38,?<3i)
462.870
13,i*W
136,700
1,9n»
347.11IJ
n,6Su
35.910
7!<.930
7,03«J
3,510
103,4011
51.5m
85,76<t
27,tl^'»0
15, 970
23,74»
,693,210
5,+?i»
87,6'i«t
2,«H'
j,:W
1.700
7,52i»
a?, US'
8,510
1,120
450
2,2i^i
17.410
.'wO
500
3,<i5«t
22,VHfc»
4,iX>0
12,740
5,69i>
23,^"<^
420
13,440
3,1>5(»
4,H30
2,72i»
9;to
33,610
4.5(^0
4l,tk'>0
3iM»
350
Google
HANSEATIC FREE CITJES.
Statement — Continued.
429
Description.
Iron tubes cases .
Fine hardware, 50 banels, 92 cases, and packages .
Iron nails, 41 barrels and cases.
Needles cases .
Gold and silver ware, 17 cases and packaj^ .
Metal ware, 436 barrels, 219 cases, and colis .
Machines, 7,660 cases, 386 packages, and colis .
Mathematical instruments, 16 cases and packages .
Musical instruments cases .
Piano-fortes do. .
Watches, 1 case and packages .
Clocks cases .
Gas-fittings do. .
Carriages, 4 cases and colls .
Arms, 2,928 cases and package .
Natund cariosities, 2 barrels, 21 cases, 2 packages, and. . . colis .
Fine hardware, 4 barrels, 80 cases, 12 packages, and do. .
Spermaceti candles cases.
Perfiimes do. .
Passengers* goods, 2 barrels, 199 cases, and packages .
Articles of industry
Specie and fine metals, 5 barrels, 27 cases, and packages .
Q-°«'x. 'J;^^.
13
30 I
6 ,
2 1
1
440
446 i
2
2 i
4
.462 I
51
32
1
16
1
19
8
15
32
Total.
600
16, 470
1,120
1,270
161,000
128,330
883,330
3,820
390
3,800
1,150
77,680
5,260
5,070
456,750
4,530
1,090
340
31,750
730
133,380
12,910,121
Digitized by LjOOQIC
430
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE
Comparative statement showing the description and value of many commodities
imported during the year 1864 into Hamburg from the United States and all
other countries, and of which the United States are either the exclusive pro-
duccrs or traders in to a considerable extent.
De&criptMm.
I
FROM THE UNITED STATES. ■ PROM ALL OTHER COUNTRIES.
Value in marks banco.
Value in marks banco.
CoflFee
Sup^ar
Honey
Tobacco
Cigars
Pepper and pimento .
Cloves
Butter
Lard
Pork
Logwood
Quercitron
Logwood extracts
Sarsaparilla
Balsam copaiva
Peppermint oil
Chromic acid
Copper
Leather
Whalebone
Wax
Tallow
Spermaceti
Petroleum
Cotton
Wooden pegs
Clocks
Total.
2,826,900
154, 830
227,360
869,520
6^,390
274, 830
29,260
116,520
533,750
58,980
114,160
12,070
548, 440
83,700
25,440
25,100
105,060
246,310
150,590
347,110
85,760
51,510
27,050
1,693,210
17,410
17,390
78,830
34, 138, 620
8,107,090
449,300
8,637,590
4, 885, 950
732, 140
96,470
10,012,510
1,103,180
764,290
960,050
48,590
643,370
128,090
44,270
92,200
392,020
2,890,500
4,190,560
501,680
624,400
254,960
51,760
2,445,660
65,189,110
54,890
1,427,630
9,418,480
148,866,880
The importation and consumption of petroleum are rapidly increasing. Con-
sumed in lamps of American manufacture, or invention at least, this our last
and noblest gifl is largely contributing to the enlightenment of the German
public.
In a country where tallow, wax, common oil, and other substances, used for
dispelling the darkness of the long winter evenings and the gloom of the short
winter days of this climate, are so very dear, it is hard to imagine how the com-
mon people got along before petroleum was discovered. * ♦ ♦ *
The American sewing machine companies have made this the point where to
distribute their machines, not only all over the German states, but generally
over Europe from St. Petersburg to Constantinople. The exact number and
value of imported sewing machines cannot be ascertained from the official docu-
ments. I only find that of '* machines " a value was imported of S33,330 marks
banco, ($300,000 in gold,) and on inquiry come to the conclusion that about
18,000 machines wei*e imported. At tliis moment several of the leading com-
panies are unable to fill their European orders.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
HANSEATIC FREE CITIES.
431
Statement showing the number of arrivals and departures of sea-going vessels
at and from Hamburg during the year 1864, with the number of the crews
and capacifj/ in commercial lasts.
ARRIVALS.
No.
Commercial lasts, at 6,000 pounds.
Vessels ... 5, 012 , Commercial lasts 465, 909
I Included in this number are 1,191 colliers of 121,294 lusts ;
and also the following vessels from the United States :
, Baker's island 486 lasts.
, Boston 501 *'
I New York 6,38:i '*
Do 13,455 "
. Philadelphia 245 *'
San Francisco 63 '*
1
6
31
earners . .
... 24
Do
... 2
Do
... 1
Total...
... 65
21,05S
No. crew.
50,616
DEPARTURBS.
Vessels .
5,006 . Commercial lasts 463,074 lasts.
.Sailing' vessels 28
Steamers 20
Total 55
Of this number there went to the United States —
To California, laden 1,350
To New York, laden 8,641.
Do in ballast 40
Do laden 11,071
21, 102
50,223
Statement showing the number of arrivals of sea-going vessels at Hamburg in
1864, according to nationality.
United States.
Belgium
Bremen
Chili
Denmark
France
England
Hamburg
Hanover
Ilalv
Lubeck
Mecklenburg .
Netherlands..
Norway
Austria
Oldenburg...
Portugal
Prussia
KiLHsia
Sweden
i ruguaj...
Venezuela.
Nationality.
Total.
Laden. ' In ballast.' Total.
I
18
25
76
1
293
143
,949
392
6j^5
9
T. !
12
316
99
2
42
H I
30 I
20 ■
33
39 I
1 ,
1
4, 197
54
1
126
28
91
101
255
3
1
2
90
13
28
2
4
4
8
2
1
1
815
19
25
130
2
419
171
2,040
493
940
12
1
14
406
112
2
70
13
34
24
41
41
2
2
5,012
Digitized by V^OOQlC
432
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement sJiowing the number of vessels arrived at Hamburg in
1861, 1862, 1863, and 1864, together with their capacity in lasts and num-
ber of crews.
1
1
1
IN L.\ST
Laden.
8 = 6,000 POUNDS.
NtMBER CREWS.
||
a
In ballast
Total.
Laden.
569
154
517
373
'-,^!\Toi^.
No. vessels, 1861..
No. vessels, 1862..
No, vessels, 1863..
No. vessels. 1864..
; 41
10
24
j65
1
1
1
42
11
25
65
9,395
2,817
10,418
22,038
191
140
184
9,586
2,957
10,6(^2
22,038
12 m
10 m
12 :a
373
Total
140
3
143 < 44.668
515
45, 183
1,613
34 1,647
Comparative stateynent exhibiting the state of Hamburg's merchant marine on
the 3lst of December, for the last twelve years.
Years.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
ia57.
1858.
1859.
No. of
ships.
Lasts, (at '^
6,000 lbs.)
Years.
408
456
448
468
491
488
483
No. of
ships.
42,565' 1860 486
53,289 |l 1861 491
53,221 |i 1861 506
57,639 1 1 1863 536
63,748 1 1864 530
62,444 '
62,287 Total , 5,791
Lasts (at
6,00lHb5.)
63,269
65,401
69,074
79,922
79,3ti»
7.'i2,529
Comparative statement showing the number of days of the interruptions of ship-
ping by ice at Hamburg from 1856 to 1865 inclusive.
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
ia'>3
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
\m\
1862
1863
1864
and 1847 .
and 1848 .
and 1849 .
and 1850 .
and 1851 .
and 1852 .
and 1853 .
and 1854 .
and 1855 .
and ia>6 .
and 1857 .
and 1858 .
and 1859 .
and 1860 .
and 1861 .
and 1862 .
and 1863 .
and 1864 .
and 18G5 .
Winters.
End of
vcar.
Be^nning Total.
ot year.
19
14
9
32
16
18
10
6
48
51*
22
42
30
63
20
16
27
34
14
23
29
74
25
4*»
10
41'
14
^?
Total .
124
444
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
HAK8EATIC FKEE CITIES.
433
Statement showing the number, tannage, description, quantity, and value of the
cargoes of the American vessels arrived at the port of Hamburg during the
year 1864.
Il
BS
Description.
Valae.
15
1
1
I
18
16,276
1,077
341
379
Tons.
23,900
Barrels,
2,800
Gaano
Cedar wood and pearl shell
Petrolenm.
Ballast....
$1,359,805
18,073
Value of gnano .
1,359,800
EMIGRATION.
Emigration to the United States, by way of Hamburg, having sunk as low
as 9,370 in 1861, has ever since been steadily on the rise. Thus :
1862 there went direct 14, 287
1863 15,692
1864 17,050
The whole number of emigrants forwarded in 1864 is 25,055, against 24,681
in 1863, 20,077 in 1862, and 14,399 in 1861. The emigration of 1864 came
to this port from the following countries :
Prussia 8,219
Mecklenburg 4, 242
Schleswig-Holstein 2, 148
Sweden and Norway 1, 441
Hessen 1,194
America ^ 1, 138
Hanover 1,027
Austria 915
Wurtembei^ 774
Russia and Poland 595
Di£Rerent German states 588
Bavaria 559
Hamburg (and its territory) 556
Denmark'. .* 409
Saxony 407
Baden 387
Switzerland 159
Other countries 84
Shipped in emigrant vessels 24, 842
Shipped in other vessels 213
Whole number..... 25,055
28 CB
Digitized by LjOOQIC
434
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
In 1865, in 11 montlis, 41,313 emigrated. The emigration of 1864 went
from this port to the following countries, and was forwarded "direct :"
Ships. PaBscD^rrre
United States 49 17.050
British North America G 1, 633
Brazil 6 412
Valparaiso 1 34
Australia 5 615
Other places 213
67 19,957
There were forwarded 5,09S
'" Indirect, "i.e.,rta England 25, 0.'>o
Most of the latter embarking there for the United States.
Statement shaunng the number, registered tannage, description, amoimt, and
value of cargoes of American vessels arrived at Hamburg during the ym
1865, and also the price affreight per ton.
1
•If
Description of cargo.
Amount of
cargo in
tons.
36
Tons,
37,542iVo
304flft>
Guano--*** x-r -,^-*— ,,^^,-,, , ^^-r-
54,772
t3.12L876 $^'
1
Black walnut Ion ---.
17,000
36
37,846M
3,138,876 :
Hereto I annex some Interesting authentic general statistics of Gennsnj :
Statistics of Germany, — ^The empire of Austria spreads over a superficies of
11,252 square Austrian miles. According to the census of 1857 the countrr
possessed, without reckoning the army, a population of thirty-four millionfl aD<i
a half; it is now estimated at 35,795,000. Imperial Austria comprise! S7>
•cities, 2,264 town?, and 66,378 villages. Vienna counts more than 500tOi^
inhabitants; Pesth, over 200^000; Prague, 150,000; and Venice, 120,0(K.
Ten towns have more than 50,000 inhaoitants, and fifteen others more Uud
25,000. According to the numerical estimate of the population of Prussia, made
by the .royal statistical commission, the military population of the kingdoo
reached,, on the 3d of December, 1864, 279,414 men, or 11,042 more than in
1861. The total population of the kingdom was 19,252,363, or 761,143 moit
thaA in 1861. The provinces of the Rhine comprise the largest popalatios.
viz., 3,346,195 inhabitants. We find in one of the last reports of the miiitaxr
commission of the Grerman diet the following statistics of the different coDtin*
gents furnished in time of peace by the states of the confederation, the whole
of which, together, constitute the federal army: Austria, 222,107 men, vA
30,740 horses ; Prussia, 238,706 ^en, and 54,089 horses ; Bavaria, 67,012 men.
and 8,388 horses; Wurtemberg, 30,343 men, and 3,195 horses; the Grani
Duchy of Hesse, 12,944 men, and 1,260 horses ; Saxony, 28,574 men, aoi
3,507 horses; Nassau, Limbourg, and Luxembourg together, 22,457 men, aol
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWITZEBLAND.
435
2,135 hones; Hanover, 27,541 men and 3,699 horees; Branswick, Mecklen-
borg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strclitz, Oldenburg, Lubeck, Bremen, and Ham-
burg, together, 23,054 men and 1,897 horses ; the other 14 states, which form
the divisions of the infantry of the reserve, have on foot 19,845 men and
92 horses. The total force of the federal army in 1865, consequently, amounts
to 712,346 men and 111,400 horses. — Galignanu
SWITZERLAND.
Zurich — Ghables A. Page, Cannd,
September 30, 1865.
Statement showing the deecription and valve of the exports at Zurich to the
United States during the several quarters of the year ended September 30,
1865, (compiled from ^cial invoices. J
Daicriptlon.
Qnartor
«Dd«d Dec
31, 1864.
Qaart«r
ended March
31,1865.
Quarter
ended June
30,1865.
Quarter
ended Sept.
30,1865.
Total In
Total in doU
Ian.
finiC fl*004Pt.«-r-T-T
Frmnea.
250,033 00
33,439 95
207,685 61
32,418 28
85,383 91
27,700 50
11,904 90
7,522 95
Frmnet.
i; 849, 962 24
77,093 15
443, 074 32
61,950 38
164,245 37
45,046 55
3,670 50
4,870 96
4,630,619 29
73,316 64
549,212 67
106,.457 13
12,602 30
56,926 95
10,696 34
18,180 46
7,899,268 98
163,529 61
1,366,468 97
408, 112 99
91,106 00
72,483 26
24,575 00
18,897 07
14. 629, 863 51
347, 379 35
2,566,441 57
608.938 78
353,337 58
204,159 26
50,846 74
49,471 43
2,779,ffn86
66,002 06
4e7, 623 89
115,698 36
67,134 13
38,790 33
9.660 88
9,399 57
SilkribboDt
Cotloogoodi
EmbroUerias
Strmwsoodg
BoltSageloth
ArtlclM jMcaUar to
theCmtboUccharoli
Total
656,069 10
2,649,913 46
5,460,013 78
10,044.441 88
18,810,458 22
3,573,987 08
Comparative statement showing the description and value of the exports at Zurich
to the United States during the respective years ended September, 1863, 1864,
and 1865, (compiled from official invoices.)
Deaerlptlon*
Oct 1, 1862, to
Sept. 30, 1863.
Oct. 1, 1863. to
Sept 30, 1864.
Oct 1, 1864, to
Sept 30, 1865.
Snkf, tncladlng ribboni and fonlarda
Cotton good!
Straw gooda
Embroideries ••••...•■.••.••.......
Boltinff cloth
MlKidlaneoaa
Totalln francs
Total In dollars
Kunber of InToioes
Frame:
18, 930, 482 00
480, 781 00
463, 016 00
432,348 00
107,728 00
164,555 00
20,578,910 00
.3,909,992 90
1,483
FrantM,
23,946,939 80
1,837,838 58,
706, 961 01
406,762 86
214,666 80
199,357 94
27,314,526 99
5, 189, 760 13
1,666
Wraei.
14, 977, 262 86
2,566,441 57
353,337 58
608,938 78
204,159 26
100, 318 17
18.610«458 22
3,573,987 06
1,430
January 12, 1866.
The portion of Switzerland included within this consular district is fully one-
half of the whole country as regards population, and much more than one-half
as regards territory. The exports hence to the United States may be divided
into four classes, viz : silk, cotton, and straw goods, and miscellaneous. These
latter consist of wines, cherry brandy, cheese, watch materials, carvings in wood,
and certain goods peculiar to the Catholic church.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
436 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
By far the most important manufacturing interest ia spinning and weaving
Bilks, and three-fourtlis of the exports to the United States are of these goods.
Zurich and its suburbs, with a dozen adjacent villages, is the principal seat of
this manufacture, and the centre of the large trade which it involves . Silk dress
goods, chiefly plain black stuffs, invoiced here during the year 1865, amounted,
at the invoice value, to 19,204,296 42 francs.
Of silk ribbons the amount invoiced during the same period was 551,594 47
francs, and of silk bolting cloth 266,496 56 francs, making the total amount of
silks invoiced 20,022,487 45 francs. That is to say, the silks sent to the
United States during that one year amounted, at the market value here, comput-
ing the franc at 18.6 cents, to the sum of $3,724,182 66.
The duty on silk being 60 per cent., these goods have paid $2,234,509 60.
If now to the aggregate of the invoiced value of the goods and the duty
there be added 25 per cent, as the estimated commissions and profit of the orig-
inal dealers, and to the sum thus obtained there be still further added 50 per
cent, as the estimated average premium on gold in the United States during the
year 1865, then the whole jobbing cost of these goods in the United States cur-
rency must have been $11,172,547 98.
As nearly as can be ascertained more than one-half, probably three-fourths, of
a\\ the silks manufactured are sent to the United States, England and South
America being the only other markets.
Very little of the raw silk used is produced in Switzerland, the climate not
being adapted to the mulberry, except only the trans-alpine canton of Tessino.
Perhaps ^ of the original cocoons are grown the one-half in China and Japan,
and one-half in Italy. The former half is imported into Italy, having first re-
ceived one crude spinning, and is thereafter practically undistingaishable from
that grown in the latter country, since it there receives a second spinning which
reduces it to the condition of the Italian-grown silk over-spun. Thereupon the
whole, together with the inconsiderable product of Tessino, is transported over
the Splugen Alps into Switzerland proper. Here it all undergoes yet another
spinning; being tl^e. second or third, and in some cases the fourth time at the
hands of the manuEaicturer who converts it into such goods as are especially
suited to the American market.
Cotton manufactories are distributed throughout this district. At each of
the cities of St. Gall, Zurich, Aarou, and Glarus are larger numbers, but
there is scarcely a village of ten houses that does not contain one or more. A
considerable proportion of the spinning and the largest proportion of the weav-
ing is done by hand, or by the aid of the readiest mechanical contrivances.
This fact has rendered it impossible to obtain reliable statistics of the number
of spindles and looms in operation since so many are distributed in the houses
of the operatives. I, however, estimate the number of operatives employed in
the different processes at 75,000.
Prior to the rebellion the cotton consumed was grown in the United States.
Since the year 1861, that grown in Egypt has been substituted, excepting al-
ways a little sea-island found necessary to give length of staple to the thread.
Within a few months the trade has begun to resume its former channels, and it
is certain that United States cotton will again practically exclude all other
sorts.
The amount of cotton goods of all sorts exported to the United States in
1865 was $1,034,610 46. It should be stated that but a limited share of the
cotton manufactures are sent to the United States, in that respect presenting a
marked contrast to the silk trade.
The manufacture of straw goods is carried on at Woblen, a small town in the
canton of Aargau. The amount of these goods exported to the United States
in 1865 was $77,800 22.
Of miscellaneous goods the exports have been $33,835 18^ ^^^T^
'^ JigitizedbyVljOOQlc
SWITZERLAND. 43T
The vintage of 1865 was decidedly the largest ever known, and the quality
of the wine is nnexceptionably good. For the first time wines grown in this
district are, to some extent, being sent to the United States. Such wines as
will bear transportation across the Atlantic, while perhaps too sour and too
light for the American taste, are so remarkably cheap and so entirely unadul-
terated and wholesome, that I am persuaded they should receive the attention
of consumers.
All branches of manufacturing industry throughout Switzerland seem to have
received some extraordinary impulse within the last ten years. During that
period the increase in all kinds of manufactures, and also in the population of
the communities where they are located, has been beyond all precedent. This
city, Zurich, inclusive of its immediate suburbs, has risen from a population of
30,000 to 60,000 ; and Ldoubt if this fact can be paralleled by any city on the
continent. It is probable that the very perfect system of railroads, which has
been completed in this country within the time above stated, has been a leading
cause of such marked industrial development.
Switzerland, however, labors still under one great disadvantage— the want of
easy means of transit to and from Italy. The excellent wagon-road over the
passes of the Alps by the Simplon, the St. Gotthard, the St. Bernard, and the
Splugen, are a great advance on former facilities, but they do not meet the
wants of the times. A railroad which shall overcome the oarrier of the Alps
by a tunnel, like that which is being pushed through Mount Genie, is impera-
tively demanded. The indications are that such a work will soon be under-
taken, as, indeed, it would have been years ago but for conflicting interests de-
manding different routes.
Of the manufactures and other products of the United States consumed here
but a small share is imported directly, hence I cannot venture an estimate of
their amount. Large quantities of American cotton, tobacco, and petroleum are
consumed, and many American inventions find a ready market here. Since the
introduction, of petroleum, about a year ago, the demand has grown at a great
rate, and seems likely to increase.
Societies for the promotion and regulation of emigration to the United States,
by affording information to those who look to the New World for a home, and
also assistance and protection from imposture to those actually going there, have
been lately organized here and at Berne. These societies have branches in
every considerable town in the country. If the interest thus indicated and the
manifold inquiries made of me every day touching the subject may be taken as
evidence, certainly a strong tide of emigration may be expected to flow to the
United States within the next few years.
In my opinion, the exporters from this district practice very few, if any,
frauds upon the United States revenue. The bulk of the goods, having first
been manufactiu-ed expressly for the American market, is consigned by the
manufacturers on their own account, and the valuations which they fix in the
declarations to invoices are, I think, seldom less than the goods would bring
were they expoeed here for sale for cash. To be sure, being suited to the
American market only, if they were put up for sale here they would find no
bidders except among the very few resident commission houses engaged in this
trade— that is, there is no criterion by which to establish the market value of
goods which are seldom sold here, and never consigned except to America. It
follows, therefore, that if there be any evasion whatever of the revenue laws, it
is not that a few exporters invoice at a large discount upon the actual worth,
but that possibly all of the nearly two hundred exporting houses within this
district place upon their goods a shade less than the real market value. The
manufacturers would naturally consider the market value to be the cost, there
being no sale for them here, which probably does not quite meet the intentions
of the law ; for in places where there is a real market value for the goods ex-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
438 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
ported thence to the United States, the present law and regulations governing
invoices would seem to be almost perfect. Nor jet am I able to suggest anj
contrivance of legislation which would more effectuallj meet these cases. The
scheme which proposes a system of samples, advocated hy certain parties,
would not meet the case, nor, indeed, serve any good purpose.
Basle — ^A. L. Wolff, Consul
January 22, 1866,
I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report of the commerce of
Switzerland with foreign countries — ^imports, exports, and transit — ^for the years
1864 and 1865.
Switzerland has given, by the development of its exterior traffic, a most in-
structive example in foreign policy.
Remaining inviolably true to the principles of free trade, though surrounded
by states that have heaped up high protective and prohibitory customs against
her, Switzerland has, in the course of a lifetime, established a solid footing in
all the markets of the world, and has become the rival of England and France
in the most important branches of manufacture. Fettered, in every respect, by
France and Austria, and for a long time also by Italy, the establishment of the
German Zollverein, which led to an increase of duties on the principal pro-
ductions of Swiss manufacture, seemed to justify the most serious apprehensions,
but, fortunately, none of which apprehensions have been realized. On the con-
trary, this very obstacle to traffic with countries near at hand became a spur to
the manufacturers and tradesmen of Switzerland to exert themselves to enter
the lists with the first commercial nations in markets beyond the seas ; and in
thirty years they have succeeded to such an extent as to insure them against
the crises which take place in one or other isolated countries.
The results of this foreign traffic during the last twenty-five, and particularly
the last fifteen years, are remarkable.
The fears which have been expressed in regard to cotton and silk manufac-
tures, on account of Zollverein and United States duties, not only have not been
realized, but, on the contrary, the date of the imposition of those duties appears
to mark the beginning of a new era of prosperity. The productions of Swiss
cotton manufactures were excluded from France, while Switzerland imported,
without restriction, increasing quantities of cotton goods from that country. In
1840 this traffic amounted to 5,543,367 francs; in 1850 to 8,928,135 francs ; in
1860 to 30,733,171 francs. Trade with Austria, at the same time, remained
stagnant, while the markets of the Zollverein were closed against cheap Swiss
goods. But on account of the duties being levied by weight instead of value,
the export of fine cotton goods, especially embroideries, greatly increased.
The increased obstructions in the markets of southern Germany were com-
pensated by the extension of Swiss traffic over the whole territory embraced in
the Zollverein, and the fear of being excluded from these markets by the in-
crease of duties induced manufacturers to put forth the utmost efforts to enhance
the excellence of their goods in the general markets of the world, and compelled
tradesmen to study more earnestly the wants of distant markets, and of trade
in all parts of the world, and so from year to year to enlarge the field of their
commerce. Russia, Sweden and Norway, Netherlands, the Levant, North
and South America, the East Indies, and Japan, are considered by the Swiss
their commercial colonies.
The transit from Switzerland through France to other countries rose firom
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWITZERLAND. 439
30,000,000 francs in 1835 to 97,000,000 in 1850, and to 192,000,000 in 1860.
The exports for the general trade of France increased from 69,000,000 francs
in 1835 to 123,000,000 in 1850, and 238,000,000 in 1862 ; and the exports to
the states of the ZoUverein increased from 73,000,000 in 1840 to 107,000,000
in 1851, and 227,000,000 in 1862.
The articles which occnpy the principal place in this traffic are cotton goods,
silk stuffs, ribhons, watches and parts .of watches, straw goods, cheese, and
carvings in wood.
The export of cotton goods to France for domestic trade which had been pro-
hibited and scarcely existed, except for embroideries, which wpre admitted at a
duty of 5 per cent, ad valorem^ and only amounted to 638 francs in 1840, rose
to 10,098 francs in 1860. There was also a trade in raw cotton worth 73,659
francs in 1860.
From 1840 to 1850 the export of cotton goods to France, for general com-
merce, rose from 16,000,000 to 29,000,000 francs in 1850, and to 75,000,000 in
1860.
The general imports from France amounted to 32,000,000 francs in 1840, in
1850 to 31,000,000, and to 73,000,000 in 1860.
Theexports of cotton goods for the general commerce of the ZoUverein rose from
88,476 cwt. in 1840 to 110,791 cwt. in 1858, and to 166,415 cwt.in 1860. And
the imports amounted, in 1840, to 33,789 cwt.; in 1858, to 63,935 cwt.; in 1860,
to 136,293 cwt ; the greater part consisting in raw cotton, which amounted, in
1860 alone, to 120,961 cwt.
The manufacture of silk has also made satisfactory progress, having supplied
considerable quantities of goods to the general commerce of France. The
exports of silk goods for this eeneral commerce rose from 3,469,316 francs in
1840 to 7,920,527 in 1850, and to 12,997,000 in 1860, while the silk importa-
tions from France increased from 3,007,619 in 1840 and 3,111,167 in 1850 to
12,654,852 in 1860.
The exports to that country for general commerce rose from 30,683,425
francs in 1840 to 66,279,762 in 1850, and to 106,411,122 in 1860; while the
exports of this silk from France was 5,997,010 francs in 1840, it rose to
8,621,994 francs in 1850 and to 47,065,645 in 1860, into which last amount
raw silk entered to the extent of 27,000,000 francs.
The principal article of Swiss silk manufacture appears to be ribbons of half
silk, a lighter quality than that manufactured in France. Since the conclusion
of the commercial treaty between France and England, a great deal of Swiss
silk and half silk stufEs have been imported into England by French houses, so
that the exportation from Switzerland for the general conmierce of France in-
creased from 18,647 cwt. in 1861 to 25,793 cwt. in 1862, and to 32,461 cwt.
in 1863. Of these same goods a great part were smuggled into the United
States via Canada.
The transit of Swiss silk goods through France increased from 61,510,488
francs in 1850 to 108,063,196 francs in 1860, having been in 1859 151,206,642
francs, of which one-third returned to Switzerland, Italy, and the ZoUverein ;
whUe the transit of raw silk increased from 3,955,919 francs in 1850 to 8,425,317
francs in 1860.
The transit through France to Switzerland increased from 5,795,660 francs
in 1850 to 53,793,346 francs in 1862.
The Swiss exports for the domestic trade of the ZoUverein amounted, in
1858, to 12,921 cwt ; in 1862, to 14,303 cwt. ; in 1863, to 15,689 cwt ; while the
Swiss exports for the general commerce of the ZoUverein in 1858 were 24,709
cwt
The manufacture of watches has considerably increased in spite of French,
German, and English competition.
The transit of watches from Switzerland through France increased from
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
440 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
6,000,000 francs in 1849 to 12,000,000 francs in 1862, while the exports for
the general commerce of France increased from 6,848,592 francs in 1840 to
21,365,153 francs in 1850, and 39,946,817 francs in 1860. Besides this, there
is an export to the Zollverein, which amounted, in 1863, to 251 cwt. Watches
are exported also to Italy and Austria, bat the value of this trade is not given.
On the other hand the Zollverein exported to Switzerland, in 1863, 245 cwt
of watches and 409 wooden clocks, wmch I presume were manufactured in the
Black Forest.
Switzerland imports 3,000,000 cwt of wheat and 100,000 head of cattle
more than it exports. It also imports 800,000 cwt. of wine, and more than
30,000 cwt. of beer> and more than 40,000 cwt. of woollen goods.
• Francs.
The total amount of exports of Switzerland in 1862 was 417, 000, 000
For the domestic trade of neighboring states —
Francs.
France 58, 000, 000
Zollverein 78, 000, 000
Italy • 83,000,000
Austria 4, 000, 000
223,000,000
Leaving only 194, 000, 000
for the universal market.
Francs.
Total imports of Switzerland 689, 000, 000
Imports into Switzerland itom the same countries were —
Francs.
From France 137, 000, 000
From Zollverein 190, 000, OCO
From Italy 146, 000, 000
From Austria 4, 000, 000
477, 000, 000
Leaving a balance of only 212, 000, 000
as the amount of imports from all other countries.
But from the total amount of importations must be deducted the total value
of the transit trade through Switzerland, amounting to 232,000,000 francs ; so
that the net value of imports is only 457,000,000 francs.
In consequence of the conclusion of commercial treaties with France and the
Zollverein, it is expected that the trade of Switzerland will present, in the next
ten years, a still greater development than in the past ten.
During the rebellion, Switzerland had to suffer like other countries, deprived
in part of its American trade, but to a less extent than other manufacturing
nations, such as France and England. It is true that many manufacturers of
silk ribbons and silk stuffs had to close up their business, and laborers turned
out of employment had to be supported by the benevolence of citizens.
When the cotton famine began many manufacturers had to suspend, not
having the machinery for short fibre ; others purchased machinery adapted to
manufacture this description of cotton. I know of one factory, established in
1860, with 15,000 spindles, prepared for operation at the commencement of the
rebellion, which recced its machinery with that adapted to working the short
fibre ; a step that was not taken in Great Britain and Germany until a much
later period, on account of an incorrect estimate of the duration of the war.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
SWITZERLAND. 441
This establishment has a water power of the force of 1,000 horse power, bnt
employs only 150 work-people.
It was supposed that the watch trade would have its share of disaster daring
the last five years, and a return of the deplorable state of affairs of 18«57, their
standing query being, ** Who will buy watches in a country engaged in such
a gigantic war]''
Francs.
The value of exports to the United States from Switzerland in
1864 was 37,256,642 00
In 1865 45,962,869 48
Increase in exports in one year, without including the Geneva
custom-house returns for 1865 8, 706, 227 48
Francs.
The exports from this consular district were, in 1864, (em-
braced in 1,308 authenticated invoices) 14, 119, 723 61
Ditto in 1865, (embraced in 1,982 invoices) 19, 939, 068 18
Increase in 1865 over preceding year 5, 719, 344 47
Statement showing the description and quantity of merchandise exported, im-
ported, and in transit from, into, and across Switzerland during the year
1864.
IMPORTS.
Cattle and other animals 236, 702
Wood, lime, coal, and plaster loads . . 522, 621
Merchandise quintals . . 8, 600, 117
Consisting principally of the following articles :
Brandy and other spirits quintals . • 98, 259
Butter and lard do 41,626
Cheese do 5,790
Coffee and coffee substitutes do 201, 203
Cotton do 225,413
Cotton yam and cloth do. ... 31, 297
Dye-wood and dye material do. . - . 58, 352
Drugs and druggists' wares do 138, 631
Flax and hemp do 16,027
Flour and grain do 3, 593, 576
Furniture and glassware do 70, 555
Iron, wrought do 289, 418
crude do 226, 281
cast do 49,384
Leather and its manufactures do. ... 26, 258
Linen goods do.... 26,761
Madder do.... 29,661
Machinery do 67, 012
Metals, crude do 29,806
Oil, (including 48,930 qumtals of petroleum) do 229, 580
Paper do 12,364
Bice do 82,768
Seeds do 60,539
Salt do.... 222,773
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
442 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Silk, raw and chopped quintale . . 39, 584
Soap do 30,088
Steelware do 78,812
Sugar do 207, 237
Tobacco, leaf do 77,547
manafactured do 18,224
Tallow and fat do 19, 182
Wine, in barrels do 843, 952
Wool and its manufactures do. . . . 18, 224
EXPORTS.
Total exports of Switzerland during the year 1864 were the following :
Cattle and other animals 89, 616
Wood and charcoal value, fr. . 6, 382, 030
Iron ore and lime loads . . 68, 266
Merchandise quintals.. 964,265
Consisting principally of the following articles :
Butter and lard quintals- . 14, 047
Cheese - do 185,432
Cotton do 25, 956
yam and cloth do 202, 392
Dye woods do. — 11, 045
Druggists' wares do.... 4,005
Flour and grain do 36.323
Furniture and glassware do 12, 048
Iron, wrought do- ... 5, 540
crude, and steel do 19, 634
Hides do 42, 576
Silks do 15,732
half, and cotton do 39. 486
Watches 2,631
The transit trade through Switzerland in 1864 consisted of—
Cattle 94, 480
Wood and lime loads. . 31, 763
Merchandise quintals . . 795, 606
The transit trade through Switzerland during the first nine months of the
year 1865, import and export, was as follows :
IMPORTS.
Cattle and other animals 139, 878
Agricultural machines value in francs . . 323, 528
Wood, lime, &c loads. . 404, 217
Merchandise quintals . . 6, 021, 765
Consisting principally of the following articles :
Brandy and other spirits quintals. . 67, 921
Butter do. . . • 19, 536
Cheese do 4. 650
Coffee and coffee substitutes do 107, 687
Cotton ♦ do 1(56, 435
yam and cloth do 6, 666
Dye-woods do. ... 41, 407
Druggists* wares do. ._^ . 66, 336
Digitized by V^00QI(:!
SWITZERLAKD. 443
Flax and hemp ^ quintals . . 9, 873
Furniture and glassware do ... . 47, 986
Iron, wrought do 180, 776
crude do 180,688
cast do , 89, 935
Leather and its manufactures do 19, 703
Linen goods do 27, 905
Madder do 33, 420
Machinery do 31, 158
Metals, crude do 26, 818
Oil do 144,046
Paper do 9, 8^17
Rice do 57,316
Seeds do 42, 809
Salt do 143,262
Silk, (raw, 4,301 ; chopped, 12,493) do 16, 794
Soap do 20,793
S^eelware do 50, 812
Sugar fc do 780, 935
Tobacco, leaf do 54, 123
manufactured do 13, 104
Tallow and fat do 13, 353
Wine, in harrels do 620, 783
Wool and its manufactures do 51, 100
TRANSIT EXPOBTS.
Cattle and other animals 79, 999
Wood, &c value, francs . . 5, 764, 424
Iron ore, lime, &c loads . • 57, 285
Merchandise quintals . . 772, 457
Consisting principally of —
Butter quintals. . 20, 181
Cheese do 153, 320
Cotton do.... 15,433
yam and cloth do 161, 588
Dye-woods do 6, 853
Druggists' wares do 3, 807
Flour and grain do 23, 472
Furniture and glassware do 10, 066
Iron, wrought do 10, 621
crude do. - - . .21, 414
Hides do 34, 041
Silk, raw and chopped do. . . . 15, 015
and half cotton do 27, 586
Watches 1,700
TRANSIT DURING THE FIRST NINE MONTHS OP 1865.
Cattle 10, 424
Wood, lime, &c loads. . 26, 071
Merchandise quintals. . 585, 978
Digitized by LjOOQIC
444
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statements shotcin (he description and value of exports from Basle consular dis-
trict to the United Slates during the year 1864.
Description, f
1st quarter.
2d quarter.
3d quarter.
4th quarter.
Total.
SUk ribbons
. stuffs
Straw (roods
Watches
Cheese
Liquors
Sundries
Francs.
2,375,901 80
294,596 32
302,919 95
2,302,981 45
71,714 92
10,366 10
11,149 67
Francs.
2,225,176 08
185,282 55
5, 128 40
2,341,091 29
84,905 22
6,777 58
5,303 70
Francs.
1,249,332 57
34,786 35
36,982 57
620,32:^53
35,123 07
9,080 00
9, 106 70
Francs.
369,813 30
4,a56 15
28,941 85
1,451,963 29
20,912 70
11,472 38
13,674 45
Francs.
6,220,223 75
519,521 37
373,9/2 77
6,716,419 56
212,655 91
37,696 06
39,234 52
Total
5,369,630 21
4,853,664 82
1,994,794 79
1,901,634 12
14,119,723 94
Statement showing the description and value of exports from "Basle consular
district to the United States during the year 1865.
Deacription.
lit quarter.
2d quarter.
3d quarter.
4th quarter.
Total ralue la
Value in flrancs.
Value In fktmcs.
Value In firanca.
Value in francs.
firanci.
SilkribboM
1,325,579 10
152,193 75
25, 807 10
204, 561 09
1. 041, 989 53
59. 2fS 05
9, 470 00
24,781 40
10,192 35
1,453,280 88
80,566 00
71,289 95
109,864 27
1,623,373 10
131,954 15
4,164 90
2,134 00
13,975 45
3,073,950 16
423. 849 55
110,613 18
208, 199 10
2, 707. 869 38
159.352 34
12.384 75
19.351 70
39,796 75
2,830,955 97
190,069 83
162, 448 07
553,581 82
2, 852. 070 14
123, 009 62
39,685 75
53,847 90
33,645 61
8, 683, 765 61
8llkituif«
846,679 13
Silk ferret
370, 156 30
Straw goodi
1, 076, 156 28
Watches
8,225,308 15
CheeMO
473, 578 16
Liquor.....
65.705 40
DTe«tafAi
Sundries
100, 115 00
97, 610 15
Total
2,853,836 37
3,490,600 70
6,755,366 91
6,839,264 20
19,999,068 16
Geneva — Charles H. Upton, Consul.
September 30, 1865.
No great cbange has taken place in the manufacture of watches — ^the leading
branch of Genevese industry ; but an important one is in contemplation, and has
been the subject of earnest discussion in the newspapers.
As stated in my last report, the laws of the canton of Geneva provide that
the gold used in manufactures of watches and jewelry shall be eighteen carats
fine ; but a portion of the manufacturers of the cheaper kinds of jewelry has
been agitating for the repeal of this law, and for '< free trade " in gold. Others
desire its modification so as to allow the manufactures of gold of fourteen carats
fineness for such countries as may order this class of jewelry ; but, with this
exception, continuing the law as at present in force. The better class of manu-
facturers resist all innovation, and aesire to retain the 18-carat standard to the
exclusion of all others ; and also insist that the existing law shall be more
strictly enforced, and, to prevent fraud, ask that all persons presenting watch-cases
or articles of jewelry at the stamp office be required to bring the parts already
put together, and not allow, as heretofore, the stamping of detached parts. They
furthermore require the domiciliary visits of the inspectors to be re-established ;
and that they be empowered to seize any articles of gold manufacture found
deficient in fineness. Before the close of the year these questions will be acted
on by the grand council, the cantonal legislature.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
ItALY.
445
Next in importance to watcbes are musical boxes, in wbich great improvements
have been effected. One or two manufactarers df tbese articles produce splendid
Bpecimens of workmanship. Heretofore the reproduction of airs and pieces of
music bj means of machinery has, in France, been held to be an infringement
of the composer's rights, while the recent treaty of commerce between France
and Switzerland sets aside the construction of the law. And although the
French senate has rejected this clause of the treaty, it is confidently believed
this restriction will be overcome ; and when it is accomplished the manufacturers
look forward to a large increase in their business.
Peat is largely consumed in this canton for fuel. It is brought from Langnau,
iu the canton of Berne, where it is prepared for use and transportation by com-
pressing and drying. It is not used for culinary purposes on account of the
odor it exhales ; but the heat it gives out is agreeable, and it burns slowly. It
is retailed at 43 francs ($8 60) per ton, while bituminous coal, which is mined
in France and transported by railway, is sold at 45 francs, ($9.) Peat is used
to a limited extent in our country for fuel, and when mixed with other sub-
stances is also used for manure ; but among us I have never seen, it undergo any
other process than that of drying.
Statement shotting the description and value of exports from Geneva to the
United States for the several quarters of the year ended September 30, 1865.
(Compiled from consular returns. J
Description.
QUARTER ENDED—
1
Dec. 31,
1864.
Mar. 31,
1865.
Jane 30,
1865.
Sept. 30,
1865.
r
Watches and watch appurtenances.
Music boxes -..--- .
Value.
$487, 817
14,877
5,771
Value.
12,798
Value.
$647,374
11,977
7,990
Value.
(960,884
16,468
Value.
$2,393,078
56,120
13,761
26,733
14, 176
Cheese in boxes
Straw braid
18,923
2,937
7,810
10,510
21,877
Ciffsr boxes and cicrars .... ......
729
10,598
Leather
32,475
Total value.
608,465
331,657
678,668
1,017,549
2,536,343
ITALY.
Genoa — D. W. Wheblkr, Consul.
November 20, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit, herewith, some commercial statistics for the year
ended September 30, 1865.
exports to the united states.
During the year 126 invoices (covering a total value of $308,491) were certi-
fied at this consulate, and distributed as follows :
For the quarter ended December 31, 1864 :
To New York ". $18, 199 31
San Francisco 605 40
Phikdelphia 31229
19, 117 00
Digitized by LjOOQ !(:!
446 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
For the quarter ended March 31, 186*5 :
To New York ; $34,279 62
Boston 607 00
San Francisco 578 00
Philadelphia 5,944 38
41, 409 00
For the qnarter ended June 30, 1865 :
To New York $26,327 72
Boston 12, 722 08
San Francisco 59, 197 60
Philadelphia 67 60
98, 315 00
For the qnarter ended September 30, 1865 :
To New York $113,126 96
Boston 3, 381. 57
San Francisco ^1, 740 20
Philadelphia 4, 934 60
New Orleans 7,466 67
150, 650 00
Total to New York $191,933 61
Boston 16,710 65
San Francisco 82, 121 20
Philadelphia 11, 258 87
New Orleans 7, 466 67
309, 491 00
The description and value of the exports to the United States are as follows :
Thrown silk $106, 596 60
Rags .. 37,381 84
Fruit 32, 810 43
Paste 23,731 86
Olive oil 19, 269 22
Marble - 14, 838 57
Wine 8, 463 69
Coral and filigree work 2, 697 26
Velvet 3. 984 48
Human hair 3, 213 34
Gloves, pictures, cheese, &c 56, 503 71
Total 309, 491 00
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY.
447
Statement showing the description, quantity and value of imports into Genoa
for the year ended September 30, 1865.*
Description.
Qnantitj.
Value.
Wine, in bottles gallons.
in casks ....do...
Beer do...
Liquors, distilled do...
Rum and brandy do...
Olive oil pounds.
Oil, (firom seeds) do...
Cocoa do...
Coffee do...
Pepper do...
Cnemicals do...
Suears do...
Coforing matters do...
Soap do...
Oilseeds do...
Candles do...
Cbeese do...
Fish.
Hides.
Purs.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Leather do...
Hemp .......................................... do . . .
Linen goods do...
Cotton do.
thread ^ do...
doth do...
Wool do...
3 ran do...
oths do...
Silk, (raw) ...do...
goods do...
Grain bushels.
Flour pounds .
Charcoal do...
Lumber
Furniture
Paper-hangings
Paper and Dooks
Notions
Mechanics* tools
Iron ore
Iron, manufactured
Copper and brass
Lead ore
Lead, manufactured
Sulphur.
Coal.
.tons.
Earthenware
Glassware *
Cigara
Petroleum barrels.
Tobacco hogsheads.
Total.
2,085,000
8,000
16,000
400, J25
3,650
52,160
7,035,340
847.350
10, no; 240
553,090
12,140,330
50,279,800
6,752,500
374,030
2,644,350
195,090
583,030
9,539.700
44,307,950
12,960
234,980
83,650
2,362,960
5,386,040
754,290
2,392,100
6,098,640
133,660
1,142,000
297,160
144,050
5,202,610
354,960
761,820
270,699
7,000
6,000
1208,750
1,650
800
485,200
3,600
52,010
633,000
67,780
2,510,130
43,630
1,312,030
4,523,400
451,100
37,920
155,060
29,260
69,960
476,970
5,760,040
2,640
99,120
4,960
1,297,030
808,120
754,230
275,170
732,000
20,210
2,896,570
44,570
595,660
4,060,300
51,320
3,970
425,860
17,380
12,330
75,360
860,480
833, 100
325,000
1,361,100
650,160
67,330
21,380
3,740
2,256,380
60,370
1,179,030
15,310
154,000
1,200,000
37,286,490
*Tbe abore itatement and the followlog one on exporta, thongh prepared in the cnRtom-hoaie, the fignree
are in many eaaee approximates, and it should be remembered that oar large transshipment trade is not in-
Digitized by LjOOQIC
448
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMEROE.
Statement showing the description^ quantity and value of exports from Grenoa
during the year ended September 30, 1865.
Description.
Quantitj.
Value.
Wine gallons.
Olive oil poonds.
Fruits
Marble
Soap
Cheese
223,450
2,480,360
Hides.
Cotton fabrics
Silk, raw
manufactured
Grain bushels.
Rioe pounds.
Pa»te do...
Lumber -
Paper and books '.
Rftgs
Bones
Iron, in rods 1
Sulphur
Earthenware
766,340
72,378,900
15,846,300
$9,090
319,570
277,100
240,530
4,300
115,950
86,500
50,610
48,400
212,800
663,810
1,459,570
792,300
34,570
73,410
8,910
46,999
4.600
7,712
33,640
Total.
4,490,571
The Italian government publislies valuable commercial etatistics* bat they
ire 80 long in preparation that maeh of their interest is gone when thej are
?Qblished. The official report for 18G3 was issued in the month of Jnne last,
find some figures that seem to be of general interest For example, the fol-
lowing is an exhibit of the trade with the prineipal commercial nations for 1862
and 1863 :
^
1862.
1863.
Imnorts from France. ..................................
$48,275,000
37,760,000
153,380.000
KxDorts from France..... ................ ..........
47, 030, 000
Excess of imnorts. . ..........*............*.......
10,515,000
6,350,000
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY.
449
'It should be noted that a large part of the imports from and exports to
France and Switzerland are in transit to and from Oreat Britain and Germany.
1862.
1663.
Imports from Ketherlands
• ♦5,710,000
1,964,000
$5,063,000
1,167,000
Exi>ort8 to Netherlands
£xcess of imports
3,746,000
3,896,000
ImDorts firom Belsriam ..................................
(2,071,000
660,000
$1,680,000
599,000
ExDorts to Belcrium
Cxcess of imoorts
1,411,000
1,081,000
Imports from Great Britain
$38,430,000
18,9t>0,000
$40,600,000
17,503,000
Exports to Qieat Britain
Excess of imports ........^,....... m ..^ . .. . .
19,470,000
23,097,000
Imnorts from Soain
11,357,000
873,000
$1,355,000
1,180,000
ExDorts to Soain
Excess of imports
484,000
175,000
Imports from Austria.
$27,700,000
11,285,000
$29,320,000
13,969,000
Exnorts to Austria .....................................
Excess of imports.
16,415,000
15,351,000
Exports to Switzerland
$27,200,000
16,173,000
$22,995,000
14, 700, 000
Imports from Switzerland
Excess of exports
11,027,000
8,295,000
Imports from Turkey
$6,200,000
1,560,000
$8,800,000
EzDoits to Turkey
3,340,000
Excess of imports
4,640,000
5,540,000
Imports from the United States
$3,180,000
3,440,000
$1,220,000
Exports to the United States
2,030,000
Excess of exports
260,000
890,000
Imnorts from Sonth Amftrica -.
$4,520,000
3,090,000
$4,191,000
7,110,000
Rxport* to South America X--.- rr-- t-, -,.-r,....
Excess of imports in 1862.
1,430,000
♦2,919,000
Imports from Russia ........... ...... ..................
$5,940,000
2,990,000
$9,153,000
Exports to Ruffffia. r r
2,232,000
Excess of imports
2,950,000
6,921,000
Imports from Greece
$2,090,000
350,000
$1,427,000
Exports to Greece
1,080,000
Excess of imnorts ................................
1,740,000
347,000
TntRl imnnrtii nf TtAlv frnm r11 rnnntriiui fnr 18B3 iwata
$376,165,000
266,110,000
Total of exDorts
110,055,000
* Excess of exports.
29 CR
Digitized by
Google
450
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The Bame report containe a statement of the goods introduced into the
porUhfranco of Genoa daring the year 1863, showing a total of $18,750,000,
and that there remained on hand in that free depot on the 3lBt December, 1862,
$20,560,000 worth of goods; making the total of deposits for the year
$39,310,000.
Leghorn — ^A. J. Stevens, Consul.
September 23, 1865.
Daring the past year the commerce of this port has been materially
distarbed by the unsettled condition of affairs in the United States, grow-
ing out of the war and the legislation of the last Congress with reference
to a large increase of duties upon articles of Italian production. For the past
few months but a limited number of shipments has been made on American
account, no one venturing to send their goods to what would seem, from the
duty imposed, a losing market. As to whether or not there should be any
reduction in the duty imposed upon articles of Italian production is a question
for Congress to decide.
The following table shows the number of vessels cleared from this port
directly to the United States since my last report, together with their nation-
ality and the value of their cargoes :
Nationality.
Number.
19
3
10
1
1
1
Value of cargoes.
British
$312,768 04
18,822 76
221,6^ 31
26,200 05
14,961 82
5,361 02
Italian
American
Hamburg
Russian
Norwegian -
Total
35
599,811 00
The prospective importance of the port of Leghorn I have fully referred to
in the communications I have had the honor to make to the department on
previous occasions. Now that the seat of government has been removed to
Florence, anew impetus will be given to the commercial operations of this port,
hastening the ftilfilment of the predictions that I hazarded when I first arrived
here, that Leghorn was destined to be the Marseilles of Italy. Railroads, those
great enlightening, fertilizing, and civilizing agents, are being rapidly extended
towards southern Italy, having connexion with tide-water at this port, and
hence the commercial fortune of Leghorn is no longer in doubt, and we may
now regard this consulate as one of the most important in southern Europe.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY.
451
The following table shows the nationality, number, classification, and tonnage
of the vessels that have visited this port during the year 1864 :
Nationalitj.
Italian
French
British
Netherlands
Grecian ,
Xorweeian
Swedish
Turkish
Hambuigian ...
Mecklenborgian
Russian
Prussian
Spanish
HanoTerian
Danish
Austrian
Roman
Oldenburgian . . .
Wallachian.
Tunisian
American
Total
Sailing vessels.
4,147
107
78
45
240
19
2
6
3
5
39
10
22
9
10
86
25
2
1
4
8
4,868
Steamships.
1,158
596
18
I
1,894
Tonnage.
475,654
183,224
34,360
13,069
56,554
4,348
348
462
819
1,096
10,506
2,219
2,402
1,469
1,189
27,950
1,593
316
219
238
4,865
822,920
This exhibit indicates continued activity and progress in commercial opera-
tions at this the leading port in Italy. It will be observed that the proportion
of steam veisels arriving is quite large, showing that steam communication with
all the ports of the Mediterranean is not restricted.
The following table shows the price per kilogram of some of the leading
articles of consumption in this market :
Francs.
Flour per kilo . . .60
Bread .....do 40
Cornflour do 30
Beef do 1.70
Veal do 2.15
Pork do 1.70
Mutton do 1.30
Potatoes do 22
Kice do 80
Paste do 80
Salt do 39
Sugar, superior do 1.12
Sugar, 1st quality, .per kilo. .
brown do....
Coffee, 1st quality do
2d quality do
Pepper do. . . .
Hams do
Cheese do....
Butter do....
Lard do. . . .
Anchovies do
Eggs per doz . .
Francs.
1.09
.99
3.00
2.60
1.75
4.25
2.55
3.20
1.55
2.55
.70
Leghorn has long been noted as the location of a very extensive coral manu-
factory, it being one of the largest establishments of this kind in the world.
Tons of this coral work are shipped to India, China, and portions of Africa,
while the choicest specimens go to England, France, and the United States.
According to a report recently made at Leghorn, addressed to the Italian
government, the coral fisheries, which are now a great resource for the poorer
classes, employ 460 boats, manned by 4,000 men. The fishing implements, pay
of the men. board of the crews, &c., absorb annually about 6,000,000 francs.
Digitized by CjOOQ IC
452 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
distributed among more than 6,000 persons of different professions. Abont 160
Ions of coral are annually introduced into the kingdom of Italy. The articles
made from it and exported are to the value of from 12,000,000 to 16,000,000
francs annually.
The coral fisheries are mostly in the hands of the Italians, although it is a
well known fact that some of the finest specimens of this article are obtained
from the immediate neighborhood of Algeria. The French government has
long seen the importance of these fisheries to the commercial world, and many
plans have been suggested with a view of bringing them under the control and
■lanagement of French influence, and a commission was appointed some two
years since for the purpose of thoroughly examining the natural history of the
coral. • • *
The following are some of the articles manufactured at Leghorn and vicinity,
which are largely exported from this port: Refined brimstone; white and mar-
ble soap, exported to England and the United States ; candied citrons, exported
in large quantities to Holland, Germany, and the United States ; borax and
boracic acid are exported in large quantities to England and the United States ;
iron ore and pig iron from the island of Elba are exported to France and
England on account of its superior quality for the manufacture of steel ; about
150,000 tons a year are used in the above countries for that purpose ; mineral
coals are mostly consumed in the country; charcoals are exported in large
quantities for the iron-works of Spain and France, and for domestic purposes
to different ports of the Mediterranean ; cordage and hemp sail-cloth of a supe-
rior quality are largely exported to different Mediterranean ports ; castor and
linseed oil, furniture, stearine and tallow candles, lard, hams, sausages, bacon,
anchovies, rye, grass seed, tartar and cream of tartar, orris root, juniper berries,
chestnuts, fresh and dried, copper tiles and cakes, straw and straw nats, black '
silk handkerchiefs and piece goods, writing and straw paper, alabaster works,
pamtings, manganese, orainary cotton, hemp, woollen, and linen manufactures,
ship timber, walnut planks, olive oil, domestic wines, common earthenware,
glass manufactures, and bricks, are largely exported.
Tke experiment of cotton-growing has not met with that success that was
anticipated when first attempted at the commencement of the cotton famine;
nevertheless, a beginning has been made, and some time must elapse before wc
can judge correctly of the result. I must confess that I do not anticipate much
from tke effort to add cotton-growing to the other productions of Italy. The
cool winds at night, that prevail in Italy even during the warmest seasons, will
preve&t the maturing of the fibre sufficiently to enable Italian-grown cotton to
compete with that produced in the United States and elsewhere.
Bttring the year 1863 cotton was produced in the northern provinces of Italy
to tke estimated value of 60,000,000 francs ; and in the other provinces, where
the experiment has been tried, it is estimated that the yield will produce
l,369^e00 kilograms, valued at 9,000,000 francs. These figures are more
likely to be above than below the correct estimate ; still, as above remarked,
the experiment is being tried, and whether or not with remunerative results,
time will determine.
The silk culture seems to continue in a flourishing condition, and to retain its
prominent position among the productions of Italy.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY.
453
The following is a report of the sales of the silk cocoons in the several
market places of the kingdom of Italy in the year 1864 :
Provinces.
Ancient provinces .
Amelia
Lombardy
March and Umbria
Tuscany
Southern provinces
Total
Number
of market
places.
21
7
13
20
15
104
Quantity
of cocoons sold in
kilograms.
2,458,270
466,420
406,820
175,820
442,450
94 J, 910
Value in francs and
centimes.
14,174,282 48
2,472,654 68
2,117,064 98
1,032,922 08
2,385,873 49
4,780,116 90
4,891,690
26,962,914 61
The Italian pastes, which are so largely used in culinary preparations, and
which are exported to all parts of the world, are chiefly made in the neighbor-
hood of Gastellamarc, the three principal centres being that city, Gragnano,
and Torre Annnnziata. Gastellamare contains seventy-three water and twen-
ty-foar steam mills, which are employed in the preparation of the flour for this
article. Gragnano possesses but few mills, but contains 100 £Bictories, employ-
ing about two thousand persons. The pastes made in that town are reputed to
be the best. Torre Annnnziata possesses 32 factories and 149 mills. It is
estimated that upwards of 72,000 tons of this paste are consumed annually in
the kingdom of Italy, besides the vast quantities that are exported.
Marble, both in a crude and manufactured state, is a large source of revenue
to Italy; but I am not able to give, at the present moment, even an estimate of
theprobable amount exported.
When I arrived at this port, in December, 1861, to assume the duties of
consul, I found that no eflbrt had been made to introduce into this market thai
article which is destined to give light to the world — ^petroleum — and I soon ascer-
tained that nothing was known of this new *' Yankee invention," as it was then
called. I brought with me the first petroleum lamps that were seen in this
portion of Italy, and I have still the sample 6f petroleum which I exhibited
while urging the Leghorn merchants to engage in this line of trade. The
result has been most flattering. The amount of petroleum oil now consumed
in this market cannot be less in value than 8400,000 per annum, with a con-
stantly increasing demand.
There are many articles that can be eent profitably to the Italian market in
limited quantities. Stoves are almost unknown, and I know of no country
where they can be used with more comfort and profit than in Italy. Tools of
all kinds, steam-engines, agricultural implements, sucE as are adapted to the
wants of the Italian mode of agriculture, would find a steadily increasing
market.
With steam communication between Italy and the United States, American
trade in the Mediterranean must largely increase ; and I am satisfied, from the
observations which I have made during the past four years, that our manufac-
tures can profitably compete with foreign products in all the articles above
mentioned, as well as in many others that I have not enumerated. * *
Digitized by LjOOQIC
454
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Palermo— LuiGi Monti, Consul.
September 30, 1865.
General report of trade for the year ended September 30, 1865.
The American trade of this consular district began very dull in the earlj
part of the season ; very few shipments were made in the last mouths of 1864.
Merchants dared not export to the United States at their own risk, and no
orders came from America.
The scarcity of fruit, especially of lemons, thus produced in the United
States, and the sudden demand on the opening of the southern Stated after
the successful termination of the war, raised the price of lemons in America to
such high figures as they never have brought before within the memory of the
oldest merchant here, lemons were sold at New York from $15 to $24 a box.
The consequence was a large export towards the end of the season, not only
by sailing vessels direct, but also by steamers to Liverpool, to be there trans-
shipped to the United States.
The cessation of the war, and the consequent reduction in the rate of ex-
change, will considerably increase the export next season ; and we already per-
ceive the good effect, as there are already two vessels advertised to sail for New
Orleans by the middle of October, which is very early in the season, as there
never used to sail any vessel for the United States before the middle of No-
vember.
The following will show this year's trade with the United States as com-
pared with the last, viz :
Years.
United States
vessels.
Foreign
vessels.
Total.
100
70
Value exported.
1864— September 30
30
18
70
52
$1,059,378 67
861,187 85
1865_ September 30
Decrease. ---
12
18
30
198, 190 82
There has been no material change in the general trade of this port and island
as compared with last year, nor in the number and tonnage of the arrivals and
departures of vessels.
They are working steadily on the railroad lines through the interior and
along the sea-shore of the island, but no new track has been opened to the
public yet.
The harvest has averaged very well this year, but the vintage will probably
be short on account of the long drought, though wine-growers say that when
the season is dry, what is lost in quantity is gained in the quality of the wine.
Owing to the reopening of the American cotton trade and the falling off in
the price, farmers have planted considerable less cotton this season ; the quality,
however, will be superior, than formerly, as they improve from year to year in
the cultivation. The price now is about one- half of what it was last year. Still
it will always be a profitable produce, particularly in the southern part of the
island.
The royal commission to promote the cultivation of cotton in Italy, which
held an exhibition in Turin in January, 1863, and of which I gave an accoant
in my last report, will open a new exhibition on the 1st of December next at
Naples, in which foreign cotton will also be admitted beside agricultural imple-
ments. • • • •
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY. 455
There have been projects in the United States for a line of Atlantie steamers
between New York and the Mediterranean, touching at Genoa. Such line would
be of immense advantage to the direct trade between the two countries, now car-
ried on mostly through Liverpool ; only I am thoroughly convinced that Genoa
alone would not supply return freight enough, and it would be in the interest of
such an enterprise to have the steamers touch at Messina and Palermo for
freight and passengers.
It is probably little known that Messina, Palermo, and their dependencies, in
Sicily, export about two millions and a half dollars of produce to the United
States, which export will certainly increase now that tne war is finished in
America. Furthermore, all the overland travellers from India and China touch
the first European ports at Malta and Messina. It can be easily perceived
what a saving of time and money there would be for a traveller from those
countries to return directly by such a line home to the United States, rather
than to go by the Oriental line to Southampton or Liverpool, or by Marseilles,
through France and England, and then across the Atlantic. • ♦ • •
Digitized by LjOOQIC
456
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY. 457
The following are abridgments of the reports forwarded to this^consulate bj
its dependencies of Trapani, Marsella, Oirgenti, and Licata :
Trapani — Onobato Tubino, Consular Agent.
The American trade has not improved this year ; there have been only seven
arrivals of American vessels, of the aggregate tonnage of 5,285.
The total number of vessels entered this port daring the year has been 784,
and the aggregate tonnage 105,748.
Marsella — Bobebt L. Hbbvbv, Consular Agent,
There have been onlv two arrivals this year, with cargoes of 892,000 staves,
Srodnce of the United States, valued at about $23,050. No goods nor merchan-
ise were shipped from this port for the United States, direct.
The exports during the aforesaid term to foreign countries are the produce of
this district, consisting of about 12,000 pipes Marsella wine, a small quantity
of cotton, oliVe and linseed oil, fruits, cheese, linseed, &c., amounting to an
approximate value of about $800,000 ; the aggregate tonnage of vessels cleared
being about 9,500, principally English and Italian.
The imports during the past twelve months were principally staves from the
United States, coal, hoop iron, and small quantities of cattle from the coast of
Barbary, amounting in all to a value of about $26,000 ; the other goods con-
sumed in this district are procured from the first-class Italian ports.
Cotton planted this year is much less in quantity to that of last, owing to the
great fall in price since the termination of the war in America.
We had bright prospects of a first-rate and abundant vintage this year, but I
am Sony to say that, owing to the extraordinary drought of six and a half months'
continuance we are now experiencing, the grapes in many parts are completely
burnt up from excessive hot weather and for want of rain.
GiROBNTi — Louis Granet, Consular Agent.
Only two American vessels have touched at this port this year, which, to-
gether with four others of foreign flags, took out 28,780 cantars of brimstone for
the United States.
This article, the chief source of export from Oirgenti, has had a very abundant
product on account of the very diy weather. This will contribute to keep
prices at a very low rate.
The total export during the year has been 978,332 cantars, valued at about
$1,637,081.
Almonds, also one of the principal products of this side of the island, have
been very scarce this year, owing to the frost of last spring, and prices are ac-
cordingly very high.
Cotton has not been cultivated this year on account of the dry weather and
the fall in price.
Linseed, one of our principal products for exportation, has been very abund-
ant, and prices are therefore very low.
The following shows the total quantity of brimstone exported this year, and
the countries to which shipped, viz :
Digitized by LjOOQIC
458 ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Cantars.
England 292, 859
France 320, 914
Spain 16, 838
Holland 20, 480
Greece 11,650
United States 28, 780
Ionian Islands 3, 200
Austria 3, 200
Belgium 2, 940
Norway 10, 120
Russia 1, 850
Germany ; 19, 100
Scotland 13, 112
I taly 33, 267
Naples 1 15. 130
Sicily 20,177
Pontifical states 1, 000
Prussia 19, 210
Hanover 43, 505
Total exportation in the year ended September 30, 1865 978, 332
LiCATA — Joseph Mastrobni, Consular Agent,
The arrivals of American vessels have been only six this year, though sev-
eral of foreign flags have loaded here for the United States. The total amount
of brimstone exported this year was 632,359 cantars, valued at $1,106,627 50,
in 277 vessels of all nationalities. Cotton, of late, one of the principal staples
of produce here, has been exported this year in the following quantity, viz.,
5,0G5 bales, weighing 8,438 quintals, valued at $417,900.
Mksskna — F. W. Behn, Vice'ConstU.
The imports into Messina from the United States during the year 1865, were
400 barrels of flour, 400 kegs of nails, 478 logs of mahogany, a box of shooks,
and pine lumber, valued at $28,300.
The American vessels that entered at Messina during the same period were
1 ship, 22 barks, and 9 brigs, with a total of 11,288 tons. Cleared, 1 ship, 21
barks, and 9 brigs, with a total of 11,360 tons. In port, 3 barks.
Seamen shipped during the year were 50. Seamen deserted during the year
were 39. Seamen imprisoned, 2.
State7nent of exports to the United States from Catania (in the Messina con-
sular district) for the year 1865.
In American vessels :
3,200 cantars of brimstone, valued at $6, 400
In Italian vessels :
5,600 cantars of brimstone, 146 bales rags, 5 cases almonds, 8 bags
feathers, 30 bags sumac, 10 barrels canary seed, 1,000 boxes lem-
ons, 1,500 boxes oranges, valued at 22, 900
Total export from Catania 29, 300
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY.
459
Statement showing ike durription, quantity, and value of exports from Messina
to the United States, and the porta of destination during the year 1865.
Brimstone.
Sumac . . . .
Cork-wood .
Rags
Almonds . .
Almonds, shelled
Walnuts .
Filberts.
Argols
Oil, essential .
Oil, olive
Lemon-juice. .
Canary-seed . .
Hemp-seed .
Maccaroni .
Manna
Licorice . . . .
Oranges.
Lemons .
Description.
!New York cantars.
Boston do...
Philadelphia do. . .
Baltimore do. . .
New York bags.
Boston do..
Philadelphia do . .
New York cantars .
Boston do. . .
J New York bales.
I Boston do. .
i New York bags.
< Boston do..
( Philadelphia do. .
!New York boxes
Boston do..
Philadelphia do . .
Baltimore do. .
!New York bag^.
Boston do..
PhUadelphia do..
Baltimore do. .
! New York..... do..
Boston ' do..
Philadelphia do . .
Baltimore do..
New York casks.
Boston do...
New York jars
Boston do. .
New York casks
Philadelphia do. . .
New York do...
^Boston do...
C New York bags,
< Boston do..
( Philadelphia do. .
i New York do. .
< Boston do. .
i Philadelphia do..
S New York boxes.
^Boston do..
-.New York do.,
!New York ^ . . . do. .
Boston... do..
{New York do..
Boston ....do..
Baltimore '. . . do . .
Philadelphia do . .
!New York do. .
Boston do..
Baltimore do..
Philadelphia do . .
5,000
5,720
2,896
"464"
1,500
236
190
270
40
190
404
150
200
75
1,238
400
250
5
20
181
"45'
5
300
150
100
132
50
.200
25
42,469
48,484
7,721
9,600
9,413
1,300
2,739
2,812
1,000
1,280
528
65
88
600
100
100
42
120
1,150
275
100
150
6
9
281
19
83
49
25
49
25
12
5,301
3,880
2,063
4,095
1,500
1,785
2,000
I 5
1,664 I 6,323
I 3,432
4,416
500
31
20
300
537
300
2,735
586
12
10*
74
22
170
3,928
1,055
217
1,416
738
42
202
342
100
709
750
50
329
581
100
50
2,827
850
677
113
75
15
104
285
250
190
7,920
21,950
5,586
14,000
6,345
5,475
3,300
Total.
15,726
11,964
8,312
1,280
681
3,944
974
282
290
40
107
780
342
100
2,240
1,300
250
100
446
701
100
50
7,950
1,525
:350
150
18
29
1,725
144
120
15
10
5
749
335
100
142
250
50
123
225
286
195
12
55,690
74,314
5,586
23,784
23,968
17,443
1,765
6,600
Digitized by LjOOQIC
460 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Total value of export* to New York ^'^'SX
Total value of exports to Boston ^*SS
Total value of exports to Philadelphia *Sa
Total value of exports to Baltimore 17,600
Total value of exports to the United States for the year 835,280
Comparative itatement shatcing the number of tteamen and sailing vetttU,
domestic and foreign, that entered at and cleared from Spezia during the
years 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865.
ENTERED. I
CLEARED.
No.
1861, domestic 3,512
foreign 142
1862, domesUc 2,702
foreign I 157
1863, domestic I 3,965
foreign I 208
1864, domesUc I 4,062
foreign | 274
1865, domestic 4,118
foreign I 280
Tons.
120,921
14,715
91,114
23,279
190,632
24,688
288,433
29,111
398,146
64,110
No.
3,485
131
3,381
153
3,910
206
4,110
260
4,200
289
Tons.
116,144
14,674
127,015
2l,76e
186,870
24,109
290,10s
19,302
408, 161
69,97«i
Statement showing the number, nationality and tannage &f vessels arrived at
and departed from Spezia during the year 1865.
Nationality.
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
Italian
1,364
48
4
2
3
7
3
1
1
2
3
68,412
6,570
1,170
219
1,226
1,282
214
164
289
401
340
1,382
50
3
2
3
%
1
I
2
3
69,892
6,74^
6S4
French .........J.............
British
Papal states
219
Swedish and Norwegian
Austrian
Spanish
1,226
1,065
214
Grecian
164
Prussian
289
Danish
401
Netherlands
340
Total
1,438
80,287
1,456
81,412
Digitized by LjOOQIC
ITALY,
461
Statement showing the description and value of the leadmg articles of imparts
at Spezia during the year 1865, with the names of countries whence imported.
Descriptiozi.
Wine, beer, brandy, mm, oil, vinegar.
Coffea, tea, sugar, vegetables, mineral
extracts, and chemical products.
Froits, green, dry, and oleaginous —
Stearine candles, salt meats, and fatty
substances.
Fish, pickled and salted
Gi>ats and sheep
Leather of all descriptions
Hemp, flax, cordage, canvas
Cotton, raw, spun and woven, braids
and velvet ribbons.
Wool, and manufactures of wool,
carpets.
Silks, stamped and plain, velvets
Grain and flour
Charcoal and firewood
Timber for ship-building, &c
Paper of all descriptions
Fowling-pieces, machines, haber-
dashery, bonnets, and artificial
flowers.
Iron, tin, brass, copper, and lead
Marble, alabaster, coal, stone, and
buildmg materials.
Pottery, glass, crystal, mirrors
Tobacco and cigars
Total.
Where from.
Value.
Great Britain, Spain, France, Uni- i
ted States.
Great Britain, Netherhmds, Switzer-
land.
Spain, France, Switsserland, Turkey.
United States, Switzerland, France
United States, Leghorn
Leghorn
Great Britain, France, and Germanv.
Great Britain, France, Switzerland .
Great Britain, United States, and
Switzerland.
Great Britain, Belgium, France,
Switzerland.
Great Britain, Belgium, France,
Switzerland.
United States, France, and Russia..
United States and Great Britain
Austria,Naples, Sweden,and Norway .
Great Britain and France
Great Britain, Spain, France, Swit-
zerland.
Great Britain, Belgium, France,
Switzerland.
Great Britain, United States, France.
France, Switzerland
Roman states, France, Switzerland.
1^, 154 12
15,821 94
3,714 25
7,813 17
6,413 82
82 73
4,217 00
18.587 54
34,716 00
8,612 09
112,711 57
141,273 12
1,621 63
251,065 59
8,111 14
61,417 03
48,912 14
329, 178 16
7,164 84
819 99
1,085,407 87
Digitized by LjOOQIC
462
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
TURKISH DOMINIONS.
Constantinople — C. W. GtODDard, Consul General,
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of ike imports at the port
of Co7istantinople,Jrom the United States ^Jor the year ended September 30,
1865.
IMPORTS.
Description.
Alcohol barrels.
Ram do...
Brandy do...
Cotton gins cases .
Fire-arms do. .
Flat-irons dozen.
Stoves.
Clocks
China vases and tea services
Chairs and furniture
Fire-engines cases.
Pumps
Agricultural machines cases .
Cotton-seed barrels.
Sewing machines and sundries
Total value of imports.
Quantitj.
16,200
5,146
147
230
31
360
442
1,380
157
27
77
Value.
t64,449 44
58,389 76
1,694 00
21,510 00
3,107 00
5,087 00
8,796 00
3,412 00
4,569 00
1,655 00
1,193 00
763 00
1,:)06 00
703 00
3,700 00
180,334 20
Tabular statement showing the description, quantity, and value of exports from
Constantinople to the United States during the year ended September 30, 1865.
EXPORTS.
Description.
Quantity. ' Value.
Wool bales..
Rags do...:
Boxwood pieces..
Otto of roses meticals . . i
Otto of geranium drachms . . .
Scammony of Aleppo do
Total value of exports
3
$143 00
4,642
63,339 00
1,941
1,469 00
5,857
5,521 00
10,286
550 00
9,770
510 00
71,532 01
Statement shounng the number and tonnage of American vessels entered and
cleared at the port of Constantinople, from September 30, 1858, <^ September
30, \%^5, inclusive.
Years.
Number of
vessels.
ia59.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
26
:)9
56
76
35
9
6
Total number, &c .
247
»1/ T
Jilgitized by V^OOQiC
Tonnage.
9,201
13,183
22,581
28,569
5,579
3,180
•70, 9DU
TURKISH DOMINIONS.
363
Statement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels arrived at
and departed from Constantinople during the year 1865.
Nationalitj.
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
TOTAL.
Number.
Tons.
Number, i Tons.
1
1
Number.
Tons.
United States
Austrian .--- --
7
1,402
34
14
12
465
4,394
8
1
15
192
7
125
2,525
6
696
9,633
113
193
4
4
200
1,462
3,352
567,500
24,224
3,861
2,069
207,642
727,998
2,900
248
1,966
37,418
842
36,172
744,832
1,624
288,768
629,300
8,3.%
16,595
367
1,256
66,228
541,968
7 ; 3,352
1,413 571.646
14
2,815
68
26
25
930
8,768
16
2
31
382
14
250
5,050
12
1,409
18,828
222
385
9
8
401
2,939
6,704
1, 139,146
Belgian ...-
' 34
12
13
465
4,374
8
1
16
190
7
125
2,525
6
713
9,195
109
192
5
4
201
1,477
24,224
3,286
2,559
207,642
725,290
2,900
248
2,064
36,858
842
36,172
744,832
1,624
310,476
601,950
8,294
16,418
473
1,256
66,828
547,518
48,448
7,147
4,628
415,284
Jerusalem ...........
Netherlands
French
Grecian
1,453,288
5,800
496
4,030
74,276
1,684
72,344
1,489,664
3,248
599,274
1,231,250
16,630
33,013
840
2,512
133,056
1,089,486
German— Bremen
Hamburg ..
Hanoverian.
Mecklinbnrg
Oldenburg .
Prnssian . . .
Italian
Portuguese .
Russian
Turkish
Waldo-Walla-
chian
Samian
Servian
Swedish. ............
Xorwegian
British.
Total
21,514
3,916,752
21,092
3,915,466
42,606
7,832,218
Statement showing the number and tonnage of United States vessels entered at
and cleared from the port of Constantinople from September 30, 1858, to
September 30, 1865, inclusive.
Years.
No. of
vessels.
Tonnage.
Years.
No. of
vessels.
Tonnage.
1^',9
26
39
56
76
35
9,201
13,183
22,581
28,569
16,667
1864
9
6
5,579
3,180
I'm
1865
i^\
Total
l^-y'Z
247
98,960
1jS63
BbirCt — J. A. Johnson, Consul.
Dbcbmbkr 28, 1864.
Trade of Syria — its prospects and capabilities as regards the United States,
It muBt be remarked that the trade of Syria and that of the Ijevant is at
present almost exclasivelj carried on in European shipping, especiallj since the
establishment of regular lines of steamships by French, Austrian, and Russian
companies, subvented by their respective governments. British steamers have
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
464 ANNUAL REPOKT ON FOREIGN COMH£BC£.
recently entered the field, and besides doing the work of the direct trade be-
tween England and Syria, have also extensively engaged in the carrying trade.
This increased steam commnnication has had the effect of doabling the amount
both of internal and foreign trade of this country compared with that of the
year 1861, while the only instance of direct trade with the United States is the
limited experiment made by a Boston house, which it is said has proved en-
couraging, notwithstanding the necessity of having recourse to the expense of
opening credits in London, as no bills of exchange on the United States could
be negotiated.
One of the causes assigned for the development of the trade of the Iicvant
and Egypt is the enhanced price of cotton, and collaterally that of grain, &c.,
attributable chiefly to the prolongation of the war in America.
This prosperity of the trade of Syria has had the effect of improving the
condition of the peasants by furnishing them with greater means of bringing
neglected lands under cultivation. The finances, too, of the Turkish govern-
ment, which anterior to that period were in an embarrassed condition, have
mainly fostered the trade of Europe.
Americans must be aware that under existing treaties with the Turkish
government the same privileges and immunities granted to the subjects and
shipping of the most favored nations of Europe are extended to the United
States. In virtue of these treaties all kinds of goods and merchandise, whether
the growth and production of the soil or manufactures of the United States, or
only carried unaer the American flag, except arms and munitions of war, are
freely admitted into the dominions of the Sublime Forte on the payment of a
uniform customs duty of eight per cent, ad valorem. Every kind of produce
or manufactures of this country can also be freely exported, either in vessels
under the American flag or of any other nation, upon the payment of a duty of
pix per cent
EXPORTS.
The articles of Syrian produce which recent experiments have shown could
be advantageously exported to American markets are the following, viz : Baw
silk of the finest quality, reeled by steam and native machinery, for coarser
qualities of stuff and the sewing trade ; wool of the Syrian desert and Palestine,
cleanly washed, and of Kurdistan, Mesopotamia, and the Persiaa desert, adapted
to the coarser kinds of military and other clothing and carpets ; madder roots,
yellow berries, and galls, as well as olive oil, for dyeing, being best adapted to
giving fast colors to woollen and cotton goods. Olive oil is also extensively
used for the lubricating of machinery. There are, besides, a variety of other
articles, such as dry fruits, almonds, figs, raisins of Mount Lebanon, castor-
oil seed, anisetta seed, &c. It is a well known fact that most of these articles
are at present sent to the United States by way of France and Great Britain
from the want of American vessels.
IMPORTS.
There is, on the other hand, a variety of American manufactures, such as
furniture, clocks, machinery, and implements and utensils, lumber, metal, mine-
ral, and colonial products, which are in constant demand in this country, and so
well adapted to employ American shipping on the outward voyage when in
search or the products of this country. The direct trade deserves the earliest
and earnest attention of our mercantile body, for it would at once remove the
loss on exchange on London above adverted to.
The quantity of sheet copper, rice, and cordage now imported by way of
Europe from America is considerable.
It is unnecessary to dwell upon the benefits that would accrue to the Ameri-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
TUBKISH DOMINIONS.
465
can trade from importations direct with the exportation of Syrian produce. A
general cargo composed of petroleum, copper in sheets, furniture stores, iron,
coffee, and sugar, would command at all times prompt sale, and the net proceeds
invested in the purchase of the products of Syria would constitute a healthy
trade.
Statement skotcing the nationality, number, and tonnage of tailing vessels and
steamers entered the port of BeirUt during tlie year 1864.
Nationality.
SAIUNG VESSELS.
STEAMERS.
Total tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
United States
2
19
21
34
1
10
2,217
211
908
3,403
5,862
5,833
108
1,750
46,780
7,192
597
908
AiLstrian......
53
102
69
54
35,000
79,746
52,515
35,722
38,403
85,608
58,348
British
French
Russian ....
35,838
Greek
1,750
Turkish •..-.. .. ..... .
6
2,400
49, 180
7,192
597
Italian
Other nationalities
Total
2,515
72,433
284
205,381
277,824
March 31, 1865.
**** in in % fn
Imports are generally sold with a credit of from three to six months, according
to the nature of the merchandise. . Sales for cash are rare, and the only discount
allowed is in consideration of cash payment, the rate heing in general one per
cent, per month, hut when money is scarce 1^ a \\ per cent, may he obtained.
This discount is uniform on all kinds of merchandise, except when a rare article
is in great demand, when the seller makes the best bargain possible.
The discount is paid by the seller, who deducts it from the contract price.
* * * Retail merchants purchase from the importers or commission mer-
chants. Commissioners, or brokers, purchase sometimes from the importers,
sometimes from the retailers, the various goods ordered by their employers
(commettantd) along the coast and in the interior, which they forward, charging
a commission on the price of from one to two per cent, in addition to embaiing
and other incidental expenses.
Commission merchants, in purchasing goods for exportation for the account of
their commettants, or foreign houses, require from 2^ a 3 per cent, commission,
and when they are required to guarantee the funds confided to the agents in the
interior, or advanced to sellers on account of goods contracted for, delcredre,
they receive six per cent., which is charged in the account of the costs and
expenses of the goods to the profit of the commission merchant, and is paid,
consequently, by the purchaser.
The sum total of expenses on account of a purchase amounts ordinarily from
eight to twelve per cent., following the nature of the merchandise and the agree-
ments made between the foreign house and the commission merchant.
The commission of the agent on the coast or in the interior is not included in
the expenses above mentioned, which are those of the merchant at Beirut.
This commission varies from two to three per cent., according to the article and
the arrangements made between the Beiriit merchant and the agent, and is
added to the first price, like the other expenses.
30 c R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
466'
ANNUAL EEPOET ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
These other expenses vary according to the nature of the article and the
markets. The productions in the vicinity of the coasts of Syria, such as sesame,
are free, (on board,) and the seller consequently pays all the expenses of trans-
portation and embarcation. But the produce of the interior, such as wool, mad-
der roots, &;c., are purchased generally through agents at Damascus, Aleppo,
&c. The expenses of weighing, transportation from one warehouse to another,
embaling and " conditionment " are charged on the price, amounting to from
45 to 50 piasters per quintal of okes of Constantinople, plus the commii<9ion of
the agent. The transportation from Damascus to Beiriit, and from Aleppo to
Alexandretta, amounts to from 80 to 140 piasters per quintal, which is paid bj
the commission merchant, who charges this, as well as the expenses of the agent,
on the first price, in order to constitute the price (" franco") at Beirut or Alex-
andretta, and to make up his account or invoice of cost and expenses.
N. B. — The following remarks are worthy of consideration in the examination
of a Beirut price current :
The price current shows the prices held, at its date, in Beirftt for merchandise
brought from the interior for speculation, and in which is comprised, naturally,
the profit of the speculator. They are consequently higher than those held in
the interior, and particularly during the harvest. The prices in the interior may
be still further diminished by an advance of money to speculators who furnish
it to the bedouin, or to the peasants, some time before the harvest, in order to
secure the products at a lower rate, and the profits are divided between them.
It sometimes occurs, though rarely, that the prices between the coast and the
interior do not differ, owing to unfavorable news from Europe or a scarcity of
money, but in general the prices in the interior and at the places of production
are cheaper daring the harvest. The custom-house receives duties at the tariff
rates of eight per cent, on imported goods, on the estimated current price in the
Beiriit market, and in case of disagreement as to the price, the custom-hoos*'
takes eight per cent, in kind on articles not tariffed. The monev received is
denominated sagh, or the government rate. The Turkish lira which in trade
passes for 113 J piasters, is received for 100 piasters.
f Rates of exchange and currency, BeirUt, March 31, 1865.
At 90 days.
Piastres.
Pans.
Pound sterling on London
The franc on Paris
The florin on Trieste
CURRENCY,
English pound
French pound
Russian pound
Turkish pound
Austrian dollar
French dollar
Spanish dollar
Russian dollar
Turkish dollar
124
1x124
4i»
«4JJ
11
a 11
124
98
99
114
26
24
26
19
22
15
20
20
20
2t)
25
30
Digitized by LjOOQIC
TURKISH DOMINIONS- 467
SiDON — Shilby Albcla, Vice- Consul.
March 29, 1865.
* * * * I have the honor to transmit herewith the returns of
imports, exports, and shipping at* the port of Sidon for the year 1864, as com-
pared with the year 1863. There will be observed an increase of about two-
thirds in the exports of 1864 above those of 1863. This was occasioned by the
augmentation of duty upon tobacco, and by the amount of silk and cocoons ex-
ported above those of tne preceding year. The quantity of the other exports
of both years was nearly equal.
The decrease in the imports of 1864 was in rice, which ordinarily comes from
E^ypt, where its culture was supplanted by cotton. Consequently,'a large
quantity of European rice was brought here from Beirut. Some other articles,
such as linen and .linen sacking, usually also shipped from Egypt, did not come
this year, occasioned, it is thought, by the occupation of the inhabitants in the
cotton culture.
The returns include only articles imported from or exported to Egypt, •
Turkey, Cyprus, and Europe directly. The imports from those countries indi-
rectly, through Beirilt or other places, comprising European manufactures,
sugar, iron, coffee, copper, pepper, cochineal, indigo, &c., are not included in
the Sidon returns. They would be returned from the respective ports of entry.
The recent arrival of the S. steamers of ■ has increased the com-
mercial relations of this with other ports. A considerable improvement may
be expected in the commerce of this city, if these steamers continue their visits.
But the accumulation of sand by the action of the currents has given the harbor
a bad reputation. In the opinion of experienced persons a small expense would
make it a spacious anchorage for the accommodation of the largest vessels. The
grain crop in 1864 was ordinary, but the cotton was five times greater than
uenal, in consequence of the high price. Having been exported through Beirut,
it is not included in the returns.
The abundance of rain gave promise of a fine harvest ; but this has been
iesauned by the appearance this month of swarms of locusts, and unless the gov-
ernment employs efficacious means to destroy the eggs of these insects, the millet,
sesame, tobacco, cotton, &c., must suffer very materially. A month ago a
fatal epidemic, similar to the prevalent disease in Egypt last year, attacked the
cattle in some villages of the district of Bilad-Bishara. Some have lost all
their cattle, and it is apprehended that the epidemic will extend through the
whole district, and be disastrous to the agricultural interests of the country.
The revenue of the district of Sidon is about 13,423,000 piasters, and the ex-
penses 800,000; from which it appears that the revenue of 1864 was about
0,780,000 piasters greater than that of 1863. Nearly all this increase proceeded
from doubling the duty on tobacco.
Digitized by
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Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
470 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
MBRSINB.
Extract from the commercial report for 1864 ^ the United States Consular
Agent for Mersine, Tarsus, and Adana.
The imports of the province of Adana, (Gilicia,) through the port of Mersine,
for 1864, 06625,677 ; for 1863, ^897,780, showing a decrease of <£272,103.
Exports for 1864, <£854,067; for 1863, <£650,809, giving an mcrease of
<£203,258.
Exchange on London at 90 days, one pound, equal 108^ piasters. Exchange
on Paris, at 90 days, one franc, equal 4j} piasters.
Currency: Pound, equal IJO piasters; napoleon, equal 87 piast^s; Aus-
trian dollar, equal 22^ piasters ; Spanish dollar, equal 23^ piasters.
Farmers here doubled the land cultivated ; he who employed one plough for
cultivating sixty or seventy acres, has employed two and worked a double
quantity of land, neglecting graiu and other important crops for cotton, which
has brought a price four times greater than previous to the American war.
The many thousand laborers from all parts of Turkey who flock to the plains
of Gilicia at harvest seasons have made great gains. The bad system of plough-
ing, and the total neglect of weeds, render the employment of many hands neces-
sary ; they go over every field three or four times, uprooting every weed by a
small hook. The former average of wages per week for each laborer was from
$1 20 to $1 40, with food, but this year it has been from $4 to S4 80. It was
estimated in July, 1864, that the cotton crop would not be less than 100,000
bales ^ but soon a worm, resembling the silk- worm, was afterwards seen on every
plant, eating the cotton flower and leaves, and damaging the whole crop in quan-
tity and quality, causing great ruin. This worm was never seen in this province
before. The annual tax, which amounts to the tenth part of all the produce,
was sld this year at Constantinople for 96,000 Turkish liras (of 100 piasters)
cash. This sum multiplied by teu will show the estimated value of the annual
produce of the province of Adana.
The Porte has granted to an English company a concession for the construc-
tion of a railroad between Adana, Tarsus, Mersine, and Caradash.
Enclosed will be found returns of imports, exports, and of navigation for 1864.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
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471
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473
Larnica — ^L. P. DB Gbsnola, Consul.
Statement thoimng the value of imports and exporU of Lamica (Cyprus) during
the year 1865, ioith the names of the countries from whence derived and
whither sent.
Names of countries.
Imports.
Exports.
Oreat Britain .............. ..................
$19,000
102,000
69,000
495,000
2,750
19,000
9,000
$173, 500
Francfl - ,-^,-- -, ^-r ...---_...
127,000
An8trian ...... . ................ ............................
137,500
Turkey ......
521,500
United States
33,200
Italy
1J,000
Greece - -- - -
17,600
Total. .-
715,750
1,021,300
Statement shounng the number^ tonnage^ and nationality of vessels entered the
port of Lamica during the year 1865.
Nationalities.
Number.
Tonnage.
American ........... ..........................................
1
184*
172t
168t
72
497
434
British
45,850
Austrian ...... ...... ...... .... .......... ...... ...... ...... ....
39,725
French ................... ....................................
32,800
2J,150
Italian .---- .............^...
Turkish and F/irvntian . .-..,r r---,r--..-x^- -x ^-r^^^-
25,720
Total
1,094
165,679
* 37 of which were steamen. 1 48 of which were mall BteamerB. % 17 of which were steamen.
Statement showing the description, quantity t and value of imports into Tyre
during the year 1864.
Description.
Salt okes.
Coffee do..
Pimento do..
White sugar do..
Iron do..
Copper do.
Rope do.
Cloth, unbleached pieces.
bleached do..
Calico do.
Handkerchiefs number.
Girdles do...
Medicines, &,c
Empty bags, &c number.
Rice okes.
gaskets (emptj) number.
Total yalue.
Quantity.
51,000
5,000
1,000
20,000
10,000
300
20,000
10,000
600
3,000
7,000
2,000
16,500
82,000
70,000
Value.
Piasters,
765,000
90,000
. 12,000
130,000
20,000
7,200
240,000
750,000
96.000
425,000
35,000
40,000
80,000
286,000
287,000
420,000
3,683,200
Jigitized by VjUUV IC
474
ANNUAL EEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing ike description, quantity, and value of tJie exports from
Tyre for th^ year 1864.
Description.
Qaantitj.
Value.
Tobacco okes.
Cotton do..
Silk do.
Oil do..
Cocoons do .
Sesame do..
Galls do..
Rags do..
Bones do..
Soap do..
Wheat kiloes.
Com do..
Barley do..
Millstones namber.
Coal okes.
Wood do-.
Boards
Fiffs. V
249,901
2,000
1,200
10,000
12,000
20,000
1,000
11,000
50,000
20, 120
4,000
1.000
8,000
750
1,140,000
800,000
20,000
100,000
Total value.
PiasUn.
4,998,019
40,(KI0
360, IKK)
80,000
360,000
65,000
15,000
11,000
25,000
12(J,000
160,000
1-2,000
120,000
375,000
855,000
80,000
40.0(M)
200,000
7,916,019
Al^tab — S. DB PiccioTTO, Vtce-Consuh
Comparative statement showing the description and quantity of imports and ex-
ports of the city of Aintab and Us vicinity duri'ng the years 1863-'64.
IMPORTS.
Description.
QUANTITY.
European, snndiy manufactures
Do drugs of all kinds . . .
Do silk mai^ufactures . . .
Total
Baits,
800
1,000
10
Baits.
500
700
4
1,810
1,204
Digitized by LjOOQIC
TUBEISH DOMINIONS.
475
Statement-- Continued.
EXPORTS.
Description.
QUANTITY.
1863. 1864,
Olive oil for manufactoring soap
Sesame
Do. -oil
Honey
Molasses from grapes
Baisins, (red,) dry
Do., .(black,) dry
Pistachio nuts of all kinds
^'igs
Tobacco, (smoking)
Com
Barley, lentils and maize
Cotton
Butter
Flax
Coals
Wood
Castor oil
Total
Wool and cotton mannfactares of Aintab pieces.
01u$,
200,000
30,000
20,000
17,000
200,000
20,000
120,000
30,000
20,000
300, 000
400, 000
400,000
40,000
60,000
30,000
000,000
000,000
20,000
Okes.
300,000
15,000
8,000
19,000
300,000
25,000
130,000
10,000
400,000
2,000,000
1,900,000
90,000
40,000
50,000
4, 000, 000
8,000,000
30,000
17,907,000
17,317,000
575,000
694,000
Cans A — W. J. Stillman, Consul.
October 15, 1865.
I have the honor to report that the slight trade which has existed between
this island and the United States previous to our war has entirely disappeared,
and I have no transactions of direct trade to report. Nevertheless, there have
been some American productions imported via Smyrna — ^flour, petroleum, and
spirits.
I find, on inquiry, that there exists a considerable demand in this island for
the following articles of American production, but which are partially supplied
at present from other countries, viz., rum, of which 1,000 barrels per annum are
consumed in this island in the manufacture of cordials, &c.; American blue drill-
ings, which have so great a reputation that they are preferred to the English
article ; logwood, petroleum, petroleum lamps, flour, (of which article much will
be wanted this year, the wheat crop being light,) turpentine, jute bags, resin for
soap, (for which the demand is very great,) planed boards for flooring and ceil-
ing, furniture, wooden ware, quinine of American preparation, hams, clocks,
cheap gunpowder, &c.
I judge that we might dispose of the above articles to an amount not less than
half a million of dollars annually, and I have already written to merchants in
America to induce them to enter into direct trade with this island.
The exports to America are not likely to be very great, but I conceive that
to be a minor matter, as the course of exchange will bring back the return in
such medium as is most profitable to the exporters from America. Still, we
have oil and soap, almonds, lemons and oranges, (the finest in the Mediterranean,)
and I am persuaded that some exports ought to be made of certain wines pro-
daced here.
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
476 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
I am about sending out samples of a kind of silk prodaced here which is
nsed for ladies' dresses, and which, I think, may b^ in demand in the United
States if once known, as it is very beautiful and peculiar.
In agricultural and horticultural subjects of interest this island is very rich,
and I hope, at the proper season, to send some fruits which I think will be new
in America. I am satisfied that a vigorous and intelligent pushing of American
products in this Greek island, under Turkish rule, will be successful, there being
a strong partiality to aid our country and its productions.
MOLDO-WALLAOHIA.
Galatz — O. Malmros, Consul.
Sbptembbr 30, lS6o.
Pursuant to instruction I herewith respectfully submit the annual commercial
report from this consulate for the year 1864.
In regard to the trade of 1863, I find that the value of articles imported at
this port has been very generally overestimated, at least 30 per cent.
During the year 1864 the commerce of the country increased more than ever
before. Notwithstanding the well-founded complaints of business men of heavy
losses sustained by them during 1864, that year must be regarded as one very
favorable to the prosperity of the principalities, for never was money more
abundant than during that period. As the industrial development of the conn-
tries on the lower Danube has not yet commenced, raw productions, among
these the cereals, are exported and compose their wealth. On the quantity and
quality of the crops, as well as on the demand for them from abroad, depend
tne magnitude of the business of the country, and consequently its prosperitr.
At the opening of navigation in 1864, a large portion of the crop of 1S63,
not needed for home consumption, was still on hand. This was further in-
creased by the plentiM harvests of the past year. The quality of the last
year's crop was not eq ual to the general average ; hence the magnitude of the
business of that period was not unprecedented.
After these general remarks, the details of the commerce of 1 864 will now
be considered under the heads of exportation, importation and navigation re-
spectively.
1.-— Exportation.
The following quantities of grain were shipped during 1864 from the ports
of Galatz and Braila, respectively, at the prices set opposite each item, which
are the average for the year :
GALATZ.
Wheat.. ..G. kilo 449,100 a 160 G. ps. per kilo 7l,856,iXXi
Maize do 428,000 a 1J5 do 49,2*»,i'^''
Rye do 59,500 « 95 do 5,65:2,.'^'''
Barley do 37,800 a 65 do 2,4o7.«"*'
Linseed do 2,900*300 do St^^J""^
Flour do 2,400 « 250 do 6iKMM»
Beans do 2,470 a 125 do 25^,'^'
G.kilo 982,170 G.ps 130,962.2rM>
l00G.kao = 143qrB 1,404,503 20G.p8.=$l <6,5«,n2^*»
Digitized by LjOOQIC
TURKISH DOMINIONS. 477
BRAILA.
Wheat. ... Br. kao 335,500 a 165 Br. pa. perkilo .... 55,357,500
Maize do 249,500 a 120 do 29,940,000
Rve do 11,000 a 95 do 1,045,000
Barley do 186,500 a 65 do 12,122,500
Millet do 8,100 a 85 do 688,500
Hapeseed do 8,400 a 300 do 2,520,000
Linseed do 1,400 a 300 do 420,000
Beans do 3.700 a 125 do 462,500
Flour do 7,500 a 300 do :.-. 2,250,000
811,600 Br. ps 104,806,000
100 Br. kilo = 232 qrs 1,882,912 qrs. 14iBr. p8.=$l $7,419,893 80
The exports of all other Danubian ports, from Tum-Severin down to Sulina,
may, according to the experience of a long series of years, be estimated at from
one-qaarter to one- third of the quantity and value of the aggregate exports of
Galatz and Braila, and will therefore amount to about $4,000,000.
CUSTBNDJB.
502,298 quarters of wheat and corn, the produce of the principalities, were
shipped from this port during 1864, valued at $2,113,800. Of the cereals ex-
ported from the above-mentioned ports, wheat has mostly been shipped to
England, southern France and Italy ; Indian corn and barley to England, rye
to Holland and Trieste. Of the raw productions, exclusive of the cereals,
exported from the countries on the lower Danube, the following deserve to be
particularly mentioned :
1. Petroleum oil, the supply and export of which is steadily increasing. The
oil is principally found at the foot of the Carpathian mountailis. It is to be re-
gretted that the almost impassable condition of the roads,, or rather their entire
absence, renders the transportation of this article to the ports of export very
high, and that the process of refining the oil does not as yet seem to be very
well understood here. Petroleum is principally exported from Braila.
2. Lumber. This is cut in the Carpathian mountains, and most of it first
sold at Pietra on the Bistritz, the principal lumber market in the interior. At
the confluence of the Bistritz with the Sereth, the lumber is formed into large
rafts, resembling those on the Mississippi, and are brought in that shape to
Galatz, and to some extent to other ports. These rafts contain boards of all
sizes, posts, very heavy timber for house-building, excellent ship-masts of all
dimensions, and staves. It is impossible to ascertain the exact quantity of
lumber exported, on account of the admitted inaccuracy of the records of the
harbor captains as far as this article is concerned. It appears, however, that
among the lumber exports were 60,000 staves, most of them shipped to France,
and 463,450 pieces of timber, a large quantity of which was shipped to Turkey.
Though no accurate estimate of the value of the lumber exported can be made,
it is sufficiently clear that it is not an insignificant article of export, and that it
can hardly represent a money value of less than $1,000,000.
3. Wool is exported in considerable quantities, most of it to France, in an
unwashed condition ; it rose steadily in price during the year, and at its close
the entire stock in the warehouses was exhausted.
4. Bock salt is found in large quantities and of good quality in the Carpa-
thian mountains ; it is a government monopoly. • 12,000,000 occa were retained
by government for home consumption and sold at the salt-works at 30 Galatz
piastres per 100 occa. The salt export amounts to 5,000,000 occa to Russia,
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
478 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
at nearly the price mentioned, and 13,700,000 occa ehipped to Turkey and
Serbia, at 34 Galatz piasters per 100 occa, (I occa, about 2^ pounds.)
The following articles of minor importance are exported, viz : tallow, bides,
cheese, tobacco, wine, cocoons and sheep ; and their value cannot be ascertained
accurately, but it may be safely assumed not to have been less than $1,000,000
during the past year.
The following is the medium value of the above articles during the year 1864 :
Tallow, per occa
Petroleum, per wadra ( 12 q uarts)
Wool zigai, of Wallachia Major, per occa
Wool, Moldavian and Bcssarabian, per 100 occa. .
Cheese, per occa
Tobacco, per occa
Cocoons, per occa
Hides, per pair ,
Wine, per wadra
Sheep, each
100 boards, 8' long, S" wide, 1" thick
100 boards, 10' long, 10" wide, 1 J" thick
100 boards, 26' long, 10" wide, 2" thick
5 J Galatz piasters.
12
6 to 50
silver roubles.
5
5
Galatz piasters.
25
u
110
u
12
u
35
«
138
(
368
(
552
(
As stated above, of the exports, exclusive of cereals, an estimate only can be
given ; yet their value, including the provisions taken by the 3,300 ships that
left Sulina duriug the year, and by the numerous steamers belonging to the
several lines of Galatz, Vienna-Galatz, Odessa and Galatz- Constantinople, are
not inconsiderable, and will not amount to less than $5,000,000.
Before proceeding, I will here remark that the grain prices above men-
tioned are those paid to the producer, and that the necessary manipulations
through which tbe grain has to go in order to prepare it for shipment increase
the price 8 per cent.; export duty, 5 per cent.; expenses of loading, 2 per cent.
Total increase of cost, 15 per cent., which has to be paid by the exporter, or
rather by the firm having given the order for the purchase.
Recapitulation of the value of exports for 1864.
Galatz and Braila, in round numbers 814,000,000
All other Danubian ports from Turn-Severin to Sulina, inclusive 4,000,000
Custendje 2.OOO.000
Exports, exclusive of cereals 5,000,000
15 per cent, additional expense on exported cereals 3,600,000
28,600,000
Though the sum realized from exports in 1864 is larger than in former years,
yet it is really very small when compared with the value of exports of countries
of similar extent and resources. Few countries are so highly favored by nature
as this, being so well adapted as it is for raising stock of all kinds, all the pro-
ducts of Europe, and almost without labor, with the exception of the olive and
the orange, abounding in gi-ape-vines, all the cereals, acres upon acres of fruit
trees of all kinds, and tobacco. The mountains are covered with valuable
forests, and contain rich mines of iron, coal, copper, silver, quicksilver, and
other minerals.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
TURKISH DOMINIONS. 479
II. — Importation.
At tte end of the winter of 1863-'64 tbe stock of imported articles was very
small, and the early opening of navigation on the Danube in the spring of 1864
was therefore all the more welcome. The demand for goods, though gradually
decreasing, continued through nearly the entire summer; and even during the
months of June and July, otherwise known as the " still season," business was
quite lively. During the autumn, however, in consequence of the commercial
crisis then prevailing in Europe, imports were very materially reduced.
During the past, as during the preceding year, the city of Galatz, grown from
a phice ot' about 40,000 inhabitants in 1850 to about 80,000 in 1864, has shown
that it comprehends its geographical position, which destines it to become the
future commercial metropolis of the countries on the lower Danube, to which it
will stand in a position similar to that of New Orleans to the States bordering
on the Mississippi. The only place still contending with and rivalling Galatz,
at least as far as English manufactures are concerned, is Bucharest. The cir-
cumstance, however, that last year, when the country, on account of the high
prices of cotton, was short of manufactures, Galatz was able to supply Bucharest
with them, may tend to show that Galatz will, in regard to English manufac-
tures also, soon be without a successful nval. Though the cities of Galatz and
Braila are free ports, a tax has been imposed since January ], 1864, on all
imports at the rate of one-half per cent, of their invoice value. This source of
revenue and the collection of it has been farmed out or let by the state to private
individuals, whose interest it is, of course, to make it appear that their profit
arising from this transaction is not too large, as otherwise the rent to be paid by
them would be raised. I think it may safely be assumed that the value of
imports is from 20 to 30 per cent, higher than their statement shows. I shall
give, however, the official figures.
Galatz.
Manufactures and twists $1, 900, 000
Groceries 1, 300. 000
Tobacco 420, 000
Candles, soap, and beeswax 488, 000
Agricultural machines 230, 000
Tropical and other southern fruit 90, 000
Wood and coals 150, 000
Paper 40, 000
Cotton 30, 000
Leather, furniture, carriages, and articles of luxury 1, 700, 000
Total imports at Galatz for 1864 6, 348, 000
Total imports at Galatz for 1563 5, 600, 000
Of the imports at Braila I have been able to obtain the aggregate value only,
which amounts to $4,275,000. The other harbors in the principalities not being
free ports, the import trade by water has, of course, been almost entirely con-
centrated at Galatz and Ibraila, and amounts to 810,643,000, according to the
foregoing figures. The importations into the principalities by land it has been
impossible to ascertain. I have, however, learned that about $25,000 worth of
American agricultural machines were so imported. Of the agricultural machines
imported at Galatz, (and no other port received any,) from $55,000 to $60,000
worth were of American and about $40,000 worth of German, the remainder,
about $130,000 worth, being of English manufacture. There are but very few
Digitized by V^OOQIC
480 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Bewing mffcbines in this coaDtrj, and none of American manufacture were, as
far as I ean learn, imported last year. Most of the hardware sold here is
brought from England, though Rhenish Prussia and other parts of GennaDj
furniflh also considerable quantities. Some articles of this species of goods — for
example, the door-locks in use here — are of a very inferior quality.
The following are the principal manufactures imported from England during
1864, at the prices set opposite each item :
Cotton twist drilled, first quality, per package of 10 pounds each, English,
1 55,170 Galatz piasters. Cotton twist drilled, second quality, per package of 10
pounds each, English, 125,135 Galatz piasters. Cotton twist drilled, third
quality, per package of 10 pounds each, English, 110,120 Galatz piasters. Cot-
twist undrilled, 95,105 Galatz piasters. T-cloth, 24 yards long, 25 to 32 inches
wide, from 10 to 12 Galatz piasters per pound, according to quality. Long
cloth, 36 yards by 32 to 41 inches wide, 9^ to 11 Galatz piasters, according to
quality. Shirting, 40 yards, 33 inches, first quality, 140 to 150 Galatz piasters.
Shirting, 40 yards, 33 inches, second quality, 110 to 120 Galatz piasters. Shirt-
ing, 40 yards, 33 inches, third quality, 85 to 90 Galatz piasters. Shirting, 40
yards, 33 inches, fourth quality, 65 to 70 Galatz piasters, f prints, 24 yards,
60 to 90 Galatz piasters, according to quality.
From Switzerland the following manufactures were imported :
Kerchiefs for the head, 9-4 D , 3J to 3| Galatz piasters each. Kerchiefs,
10-4 0 , 4 to 4^ Galatz piasters each. Handkerchiefs, 6-4, 15 Galatz piasters per
dozen. Handkerchiefs, 6^-4, 16 Galatz piasters per dozen. Handkerchiefs,
7-4, 17 Galatz piasters per dozen. Handkerchiefs, 7^-4, 18 Galatz piasters per
dozen. Bareges, 3 to 3| Galatz piasters metre.
In groceries the transactions wore normal during the entire year; England,
as usual, furnishing by far the greater share of the principal articles. The aver-
age prices were as follows :
Sugar, French, 5^ Galatz piasters per occa. Sugar, Austrian, 4^ Galatz pias-
ters per occa. The Austrian sugars are so much inferior to the French that very
little of them can be sold, and in a short time they will probably cease to
appear in this market. Coffee, 9^ to 12 Galatz piasters per occa. Sweet oil,
French, 46 to 50 Galatz piastei-s per dozen bottles. Sweet oil, Greek, 6 to 7
Galatz piasters per occa, in skins. Hum, 5J Galatz piasters per occa. Kice.
22 Galatz piasters per 10 occa. Tea, 20 to 25 Galatz piasters per occa.
Iron was likewise imported from England and sold from 115 to 140 Galatz
piasters per 100 occa.
The small share which the United States have had in the trade of this coun-
try during the past few years is, no doubt, to some extent owing to the diversion
of national energies by our late war. Yet I think it cannot be denied that an
insufficient acquaintance with the people and the wants of this locality are also
partly the cause of the present unsatisfactory condition of the American trade
with the principalities. There is every prospect, in my opinion, that for several
descriptions of American hardware, cheap cotton goods, and Yankee notions a
good market may be created here, and that for sewing and other machines the
demand may be increased.
III. — Navigation.
According to the records of the harbor captain at Sulina, the following ves-
sels, according to nationality, left the Danubian principalities during 1S64 :
American 2
French 27
English 281
Prussian 26
Greek 1,337
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
TURKISH DOMINIONS 481
Italian 375
Ionian • 190
Mecklenburg 36
Bremen 1
Oldenburg 13
Hanoverian 22
Turkish 600
Austrian 268
Russian : 116
Swedish 1
Norwegian 28
Dutch 19
Danish 1
Roumanian . 60
Bamiatic 25
Servian 2
Total vessels for 1864 3, 33a
against 2,891 in 1863, with 5/>5,457 tons against 468,910 tons at the opening
of the season. Until June freights were low, ranging from 7^ to 8 shillings
sterling per imperial quarter from Galatz and Braila, and from 5^ to 6 shillings
sterling from Sulina to England. During the month of June considerable
quantities of the large crop of Indian corn of 1863 were moved to the harbors,
particularly Galatz, and the demand for this article was active, while at the
same time there was such a deficiency of vessels that freights rose until the
middle of August to 10^ shillings, English, from Galatz and Braila, and to 8^
shillings from Sulina to England. From that time down to the close of naviga-
tion freights declined, and the last quotations for freights were 9 shillings per
quarter from Galatz to England, 7 shillings per quarter from Sulina to Eng-
land, 4^ francs per charge from Galatz to Marseilles, and 3^ francs per charge
from Sulina to Marseilles.
The average prices of freights may ))e stated as follows : 8} shillings per
quarter from Galatz to England, 50 florins per last from Galatz to Holland, 4^
francs per charge from Galatz to France, and from Sulina the freights were, on
an average, about 25 per cent. less.
Though these rates are somewhat below those prevailing in former years,
yet, considering the constant high stage of the river during the year, and the
consequent saving of time and expenses in loading the vessels, the freights
yielded a reasonable compensation.
The grains exported by way of Custenje were shipped in 274 vessels under
different flags, the English, however, prevailing by far. As the harbor of Cus-
tenje is not suflSciently large for more than 12 to 15 vessels, and all above that
number have to remain outside of the harbor proper, which is very daugeroust
captains of vessels generally prefer to take in their freight at Sulina rather than
at Custenje, though at the latter place no harbor expenses are to be paid, while
at the former these are considerable. The harbor expenses are collected by the
captain of the harbor at Sulina strictly according to the provisional tariff
adopted by the European Danubian commission of March, 1863. These ex-
penses, which include light-house, port dues, and tonnage duties, are as follows :
1. Every vessel taking freight at Sulina below the bar, 100 francs per vessel,
besides one franc for every ton she registers.
2. A medium-sized vessel (say 200 tons) taking freight in the harbor proper
of Sulina pays 430 francs.
3. Taking freight at Galatz or Braila, 510 francs.
31 c R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
482 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Every freighted veesel has to take on board a pilot, who ib to be paid at the
following rates : From Braila or Galatz, 120 francs ; from Reni, 100 franca; and
from Tultscha, 72 francs. The port dues at Galats and Braila are low, amount-
ing to 43^ Galatz piasters. (20 Galatz piasters is equal to $1.)
The river police is excellent and prevents many accidents ; the voyage on
the Danube cannot, in consequence, any longer be considered as dangerous, pro-
vided a pilot is engaged.
rV. — Rates op bxchangb.
These were during the past year very uniform, the difference between the
highest and lowest rates being hardly one- half percent. The reason for this
stability must be sought in the normal course of the export trade during that
period, the export of cereals being the great regulator of all other commercial
movements in the Danubian principalities. The average rates were as follows:
Berlin and Leipsig Galatz piasters 14 14 para per 1 thaler.
London " 96 20 " ^ei sterling.
Marseilles " 3 31 " 1 franc.
Genoa " 3 30 " 1 lira.
Amsterdam " 8 2 " 1 florin.
Hamburg " 7 7 " 1 M. banco.
Vienna " 8 6 " 1 florin.
I will here remark that one Galatz piaster has 40 paras. The bills on the
above places are all drawn at three months. No changes have been made dur-
ing the year 1864 in the system of measures, weights, and money of the coun-
try. The custom duties have been modified, so that since January 1, 1864, an
additional one-half per cent, of the invoice value of goods exported and im-
ported has to be paid, the proceeds being applied for the improvement of streetB
of the cities when the duties are paid. Another modification of the tariff took
place according to the act of the legislature, dated August 27, 1864, and taking
effect from October 1, 1864, reviving the payment of an export duty of five per
cent., which had been abolished in the latter part of 1861. The five per cent, duties
on exports and imports are now, however, collected by the government directly
instead of being let to the highest bidder, as formerly. The importation and
sale of tobacco have been made, since August, 1865, a government monopoly.
October 28, 1865.
I invite your attention to the plan on which the Swiss Export Society has
been organized, and to the beneficial results of the society's activity for Swiss
commerce. In a similar happy manner American trade may be affected, I think,
by the establishment of a company in the United States on principles analogous
to those of the Swiss society. The Swiss Export Society was formed about
eieht years ago. The capital required was raised by three hundred shares dis-
tributed among fifteen shareholders, among whom the "credit-austalt" was the
principal with one hundred shares, each representing 5,000 francs.
The object of the Export Society, though this institution does not itself
export, is to promote the export trade of Switzerland by enabling young Swiss
merchants of ability and energy to establish mercantile houses in trans-oceanic
cities. According to the place selected and the qualifications of the person
proposing to go into business, the society becomes interested in the new firm
with more or less capital, the relation between the parties being that of a prin-
cipal house and a branch establishment. The latter is required to become a
shareholder of the society to the extent of at least one share, and to use his best
exertions to introduce or create a greater demand for articles of Swiss industiy
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
EGYPT. 483
in the country where he is doing business, though he is not prevented from
dealing in products of other countries.
The firm so started takes at once a respectable position in commercial circles,
the participation of ..he " Export Society ** in the business furnishing a guarantee
for the solidity of the new firm, and thereby procuring credit; as a natural con-
sequence, consignments of Swiss exports are exclusively made to the person
newly established in business, the purchase of raw produce for Switzerland at
the place where he resides is confided to him, and a fair credit is either volunta-
rily offered him by the Swiss bankers residing abroad, or procured through the
" credit-austalt," who is so large a shareholder in the ** Export Society." No
young man, however, is sent abroad to be set up in business who has not for
some time been employed in the house of some one of the shareholders, or who
is not thoroughly known to the society. The society is managed by two
directors, who, in place of a fixed salary, receive 25 per cent, of the net proceeds,
and who must have formerly been practically engaged in the foreign trade.
During about eight years, the entire period of its existence, the institution has
met with the greatest success. While the attention of the society during the
first years was more especially to east, and firms were established at Aleppo,
Tabritz, &c., their exertions were also soon extended to other regions — for ex-
ample, to Batavia and Valparaiso. A large number of flourishing, and now, in
many instances, entirely independent firms have in this manner been founded.
The correctness of the principle on which the institution is based is best proved
by the market price of the shares, at present 7,500 francs, the nominal value
being only 5,000 francs ; but even at those high rates they are hardly to be
had, the holders preferring to keep them as permanent investments.
EGYPT.
Alexandria — Gharlks Hale, Consul,
February 24, 1865.
The commercial interest of Egypt at present is engrossed by cotton, which
overshadows everything else. Even the production of breadstuffs, heretofore a
principal article, has largely declined, the export having dwindled from 1,700,000
bushels in 1863, to only 155,000 in 1864. The export of rice, rags, gums,
ostrich feathers, mother-of-pearl, tortoise shell, and other articles of tnide, hith-
erto important, have likewise diminished, while the export of cotton has in-
creased in prodigious proportions. In 1861 it was 60,000,000 pounds; in 1862,
82:000,000 pounds ; in 1863, 128,700,000 pounds ; in 1864. 173,004,500 pounds.
That is to say, the export of cotton has trebled in quantity within three years.
If we look at the prices of the staple, the augmentation in value has been still
more remarkable. The customhouse value of the article has been as follows :
In 1861, S7,154,400; in 1862, $24,603,300; in 1863, 846,782,450; in 1864,
874,213,500. That is to say, the export of cotton has increased ten-fold in value
within three years.
The effect of this sudden and enormous development of a single element of
industry is worthy the attention of the student of political economy.
Gold and silver have poured into the country ; many large fortunes have been
quickly made, and scarcely anybody is free from the contagious feeling of pros-
perity. Although nothing but specie is known in business or in the common
operations of trade, a rise in prices has been general ; similar to that which in our
own country has been attributed to the abundant use of paper money. Rents
are doubled, and the cost of the necessaries of life is augmented in an equal
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
484 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
proportion, yet so widespread are the eflTects of the introduction of money into
the country that very little inconvenience is experienced except among the poor
people in Alexandria, and those others whose means are dependent on stated
appointments from without the country. In the villages nearly all classes of
the community share the general prosperit3\
Meanwhile a large European enygration has poured into Egypt, the arrivals
in a single week having sometimes been two or three thousand, equal to the
whole Frank population of Alexandria ten years ago ; but is now estimated
at 7.5,000. • • • Many of them are mere speculating adventurers, but others
bring capital and large business experience.
The gold which is brought into the country speedily disappears. On one
occasion, when the French packet from Marseilles arrived in the afternoon with
seven millions of francs in specie, I was informed by the agent of the company
the same evening that he had reason to believe that not a single coin of the
whole amount had remained in Alexandria. It had been taken into the village^
where it is generally buried in the earth. The minimum rate of interest is ten
per cent, per annum, and two and three per cent, monthly are often paid by
parties of the first standing for temporary loans.
The direct commerce between Egypt and the United States has, of coun»o,
fallen off in consequence of the war. There was but one arrival from New
York at Alexandria and two departures during the year 1864 ; and while I
hope to report an improvement in this respect hereafter, it may be mentioned
that this result is not surprising in view of the fact that the direct commerce
between the two countries was never very brisk, by reason of the identity of
the great staple productions of both, to wit, cotton, wheat, and sugar. * * *
The advent of d^ace in America, with the restoration of our national authority,
may confidently be expected to work a wonderful change in the condition of
Egypt and in the relations of our country with this ancient nursery of nations.
I will not attempt to foretell the effect which peace in America will produce
here, but will mention a single fact. On the 22a of February an arrival from
Malta filled the town with telegraphic reports from Liverpool that peace had
positively been concluded. Cotton immediately fell in price several dollars per
hundred- weight.
The merchants earlier in the season were complaining that their stocks were
not brought forward with sufficient promptness by the railway. As the Pacha
is himself a large cultivator, and also the owner of the railway, it was allegiil
that a preference was shown to the produce of his plantation, and a united re-
monstrance by all the consuls general, at the instance of the Frank mercantile
community, was talked of. In anticipation of any such proceedings, such order
and energy were introduced into the public works that more c9tton was thrown
into Alexandria than was ever collected there before.
The loss in the market value of this deposit by the fall occasioned by the
receipt of those reports was fully five millions of pounds sterling.
GREECE.
PiRiBUS — G. C. Hill, Consul.
Dbcbmbbr 14, 1865.
I forward to you a brief summary of the agricultural condition of Greece, to-
gether with an account of the extent of its commerce during the year of 1S63,
the last year officially reported by the Greek government.
The climate of Greece is temperate, its scenery diversified, and the nature of
its products various. The winters are short but windy, while the sammerst
Digitized by LjOOQ !(:!
GREECE. 485
though long and hot, are esflentially modified by the cool breezes from the
monntains and the sea. The surface of the country is irregular and generally
rocky, the soil light and sandy, with much clay, while rich meadowe, plains,
and valleys exist, especially in Lebadia, Lacedemonia, Helia, Messina, Montania,
Ar^olis, Acarmania, Pht hates, and Euboca.
The surface of Greece is supposed to contain 45,699,248 acres of land used
as follows :
Acres.
Cultivated in cereals 2, 369, 696
Cultivated in vegetables 1, 170, 304
Cultivated fruit trees and shrubs 1, 359, 700
Cultivated every two or three years 2, 516, 100
Total under cultivation 7, 415, 800
Lands capable of cultivation but uncultivated 11, 748, 000
Land in mountains and pastures 18, 599, 240
Land in forests 5, 419, 660
Land in marshes 833, 448
Land in houses, streets, and rivers 1, 153, 000
Total uncultivated lands 37, 753, 348
Real estate in Greece is cut up in small portions, which gives a large average
of property-holders. This, undoubtedly, is owing to the laws of inheritance
which divide the estate equally among the children. In the islands property
ifl distributed on an average of 5 to 10 acres, though not more than 1 to 2 acres
are on the same locality. The owners on the main land average &om 50 to 100
acres, and but few can boast of more than 1,000. Now if we divide the num-
ber of acres which are cultivated, together with those to which the farmer re-
turns once in two or three years, by the number of the cultivators, there would
be an average of 45.4 acres to each ; but if we subtract the number of acres
cultivated every two or three years, there would be an average of 30 acres. In
1 860, however, an average was only 22.7 acres to each.
The raw product of the land is divided into three general heads, viz., cereals,
fruit trees, shrubs, and domestic animals. The annual value of the taxed raw
product amounts to $18,471,782, to which if we add the annual value of the
untaxed raw products, amounts to 821,266,666. The expenses of the taxed
raw product amounts to $12,006,454, leaving $6,465,328 clear profit. If we
divide the $21,266,666, the total annual raw product, by the above 44,000,000
of productive lands, it will show that the annual value of raw product per acre
IB 50 cents, while, according to reports published at the World's Fair in Paris in
1855, the average value of raw product per acre in England is $2 37, and in
France $171. if we divide the same number by the number of inhabitants in
Greece, we shall have an average of $19 7/ per each in England 827 57, in
France $25 92, annually. England and France excel Greece mainly in profits
arising from pastures and forests and domestic animals. If pasture lands and
forests were made as profitable in Greece as they are in England and France,
Greece would realize from the former (18,599,240 acres) $5,000,000 annually,
and from the latter (5,409,660 acres) $3,500,000, in raw products. The re-
sources of Greece are not yet touched by its inhabitants. Let safety and order
be established and the scientific farmer begin to till the soil, and this land would
again become the producer for millions, and the government would not be groan-
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
486
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
ing tinder a debt of ^£13,280,000 sterling, and with an income of $4,000,000
while its expenses come up to S5,000,000 annually. By distributing the whole
amount of the taxed raw products according to the geographical nature of the
land we have the following results :
Cereals.
Fmit trees.
Domestic ani-
mals.
Totals.
PeloDonncsiis ...... ......
$3,773,375
2,123,249
850,477
$3,667,031
919,761
524,278
$3,133,052
2,338,324
643,050
$10,573,458
HellM
5,380,334
Iislftndff .....«.«.« .-...,,-
2,017,805
AcrfSTrsrate .... ......
17,971,597
The whole number of domestic animals amount to 5,524,854 head, giving an
annual increase of 4,225,378 head. Two-thirds of the meat-producing animals
are killed while very young. A sheep averages in clear meat 15 pounds, the
goat 12 pounds, a calf 50 pounds, and an ox 130 pounds. There is an ox to
every 200 acres, a sheep and a goat to every 10 acres, while in England there
is an ox to every 30 acres, and in France to every 50 acres.
The total amount of working days annually bestowed on the cultivation of the
land is 23,694,782, which, divided by the number of laborers, (163,629,) allows
144 working days to each annually; but if we subtract the working days of
women and children, it reduces the working days of each laborer to 103 days.
The women average about one-fourth as many as the men, the children about
one-eighth. The working days of each farmer in France average 215 for the
men, 137 for the women, and 80 for children.
The average clear profit for each fanner is calculated at $28 33, to which,
were his wages and those of his family added at the rate of 25 cents per day,
would give him $64 83. The owner of an estate averages an annual income of
$100, and the shepherd realizes only $43 33. According to the report of an
agricultural board convened at Ghalis in 1853, a farmer having a wife and three
children, owning personal property worth $80 and real estate of the value of
$421 21, and cultivating 80 acres of land, realizes a clear profit (»f $27 50 and
pays $20 84, so that he has a surplus of $6 66 annually. Greece has thus far
been saved from starvation on account of the frugality of the people. Frugality
has been an element counteracting indolence and ignorance.
The general commerce of Greece for the year 1863, according to official re-
turns, amounted to $14,998,579, an increase of about $1,500,000 over the pre-
vious year. Of this amount $10,641,774 belongs to imports, and $4,354,825 to
exports.
Among the nations trading with Greece, England holds the first place ; 35 per
cent, of the whole commerce of Greece is with England.
The imports from England amount to $2,564,035, in the following articles:
Cotton, woollens, yams, skins, iron, and sugar, while the exports to England
amounted to $2,074,736, of which $1,778,820 were in currants and the re-
mainder in tobacco, &c.
Turkey ranks second. The value of the commerce with this country amounted
to $2,687,829; of this amount $2,005,190 were imports and $684,637 exports.
The principal articles imported were cereals, domestic auimals, skins, and lum-
ber, while the exports consisted of copper, skins, lemons, soap, liquors, and oil.
France ranks third. The value of the commerce with it amounted to $2,006,294,
of which $1,835,289 were imports and $171,005 exports. The principal arti-
cles exported were iron ore and currants; 76,676,547 pounds of the latter, val-
Digitized by
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JAPAN.
487
ned at $2,050,949, were exported during the year 1863 ; of £g8, $180,440 worth
were exported, also liqaors and oil.
The following table shows the imports and exports daring the year 1863 :
IMPORTS.
Cotton goods $1,187,678
Woollen goods 600,997
Linen goods 107,007
Silk goods 71,629
Miscellaneous 248,562
Grain 1,310,887
Flour 46,629
Skins, tanned 122,683
Skins, untanned 920,316
Sugar 469,535
Animals $398,487
Lumber 391,621
Iron, wrought 131,287
Iron, unwrought 185,760
Salted meats 235,059
Yarn 213,321
CoflTee 206,895
Rice 203,577
MisceUaneous 2,436,495
BXPORTS.
Currants $2,050,999
Figs 180,400
Wines and liquors 147,196
Oil 135,292
Acorns 135,275
Cotton 127,466
Skins, untanned.
Skins, tanned . . .
Tobacco
Cocoons
Copper
Miscellaneous . . .
$49,825
72.446
100,671
95,909
83,489
660,003
The whole number of merchant vessels belonging to Greece was 4,452, hav-
ing a tonnage of 262,531, employing 24,672 seamen. During 1863,67,807 ves-
sels entered the various ports of Greece, with a capacity of 2,223,851 tons; and
from the same ports sailed 76,412 vessels, having a capacity of 2,379,164 tons.
AMBRICAN COMMBRCB.
During 1863, there arrived in Greece four American vessels, (second class,)
having a capacity of 827 tons, and only one of the same class, of 172 tons. Of
the vessels which came from America two were Italian, one Greek, and one
Hungarian. The vessel which sailed from Greece to America was English.
The following table shows the value of the products imported from and ex-
ported to America :
IMPORTS.
$682 I Skins, untanned, 1,243 lbs.. $267
1 0,907 I Coffee, 305,289 lbs 54,051
BXPORTS.
Currants, 380,034 pounds, valued at $12,541
Colonials, 5,131 lbs
Skins, tanned, 44,965 lbs.
JAPAN.
Kanaoawa — G. S. FiSHBR, Consul.
October 9, 1865.
Herewith I have the honor to make my annual report of trade, commerce^
shipping, &c., of this port, to the 30th of September, 1865, as follows, viz :
L — TrADB and COMMBRCB.
The past year has been unprecedentedly free from excitement and baneful
rumors, so that our business men — merchants and traders — have pursued the
even tenor of their way, if not always profitably, at least with a greater feeling
of security than hitherto, and in an uninterrupted, eq[uable, and unusually
remunerative way. . . ^. ^.. , .^
•^ Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
488
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The great staples Lave come forward in snfficient quantities to supply the
curreut demand ; and though at times irregularities have occurred, the aggre-
gates have been quite satisfactory, and met the expectations of the prudent and
sagacious. It is true complaints of impediments and restrictions to trade have
been made by some ; ^et others, equal competitors for business, fail to discover
the same, or at least never make mention of them.
The general trade, in so far as imports are concerned, has been exceedingly
favorable, and must have been profitable and lucrative to most of the large
dealers and mercantile hoases engaged in business here, without reference to
nationality. And it is specially worthy of note that new articles, not before
last year introduced here, have found market and purchasers, and new elements
of business have appeared in both imports and exports which had not hitherto
been known or taken advantage of in business in Japan. And in consequence
of the failure, or partial failure, of the silk crops in Europe, and disease appearing
so alarmingly prevalent among silk-worms in Italy ana the south of France,
silk-worm eggs and cocoons have within the last year become extensively in
demand, and large quantities have been purchased and exported to France and
Italy, via the Peninsula and Oriental overland mail route, and via San Fran-
cisco, Panama, &c., to supply their deficiencies, and to add materially to the
Ag^^gftte of the export trade and business of this port, as well as to the profit
of most of the mercantile houses here.
1. Raw silk. — The exportation of this great staple has increased this year,
and gives promise, it is hoped, of a brighter future. During the quarter of 1865
from July 1 to October 1 there has been an increase of exportation over the
corresponding quarter of 1864 of 3,244 bales, and of silk waste of 289 bales^
the former, however, showing a falling off, compared with 1S63, of 1,595 bales;
the latter the slight increase of 27 bales.
The exports of raw silk from this port to all parts of the world stand thus :
For the year ended September 30, 1860 7, 703 bales ;
1861 11,915 "
" " 1862 25,891 "
" " 1863 15,931 «
1864 16.527 "
For the quarter ended December 31, 1864 3, 937 "
and of silk waste for the year 1864-'65 of 1,874 bales.
The shipments of raw silk to the ports of the United States have been as
follows, viz :
For the year ended September 30, 1862 144 bales.
" " " 0 1863 223 "
1864... 272 "
For the quarter ended December 31, 1864 128 "
The shipments to all ports other than to the United States have been:
To—
For the year ended
Sept. 30, 1863.
For the year ended
Sept 30. 1864.
For quarter ended
Dec. 31, 1864.
Liondon .
Bales.
Bales.
401
9,122
4,239
2,288
205
272
Bales.
Southampton
5,149
5,960
4,269
330
223
1,718
Marseilles
2,000
Shanghai
91
"Roust K.oTiBr
Add to United States
128
Total
15,931
16,527
3,937
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
JAPAN.
489
The data prior to 1863 is not reliable, and therefore no figures are given up
to that year.
The shipment of silk- worm eggs and cocoons commenced last year, and
amounted to about 360,000 cartoons of eggs, and of bales of cocoons about 37
or 38, packed the same as cotton is packed. This year the export of silk- worm
eggs will reach, it is confidently believed, not less than 3,200,000 cartoons ! and
of cocoons not less than 600 bales, each bale containing about two piculs in
weight, gross. The values of these two items to the commerce of this port can«
not be less than from $!l^,600,000 to $3,000,000.
The average value of raw silk has very materially increased in cost since
1862, and the market still has an upward tendency ; though it is well under-
stood that this season has been a highly productive one, and uot withstanding the
comparatively, not to say extraordinarily, large exportation of eggs and cocoons.
The following table will show at a glance the comparative prices of number
one silks ; and you will please note that all grades have risen in cost in like
proportion :
Tears ending respectively Sept. 30 —
1861 picula..
lfiG2 piculs..
1863 piculs..
1864 piculs..
Quarter ending Dec. 31, 1864 . piculs . .
Mibash. Hachioj6.
$460
520
6'20
700
785 to 800
$315
370
455
485
560 to 600
Cash.
1350
425
510
550
650 to 675
Oshio.
1420
465
550
.590
700 to 735
The whole silk business of the country, at least for foreign export, is believed
to be an exclusive government monopoly, as much as tobacco is in France,
Belgium, or Italy.
2. Tea. — The tea trade has been quite free during the entire year, though not
so much in quantity as was anticipated at the opening of the season, owing
doubtless to the unremunerative prices on shipments, especially to England.
The total export of this important staple for the year ended June 1, 1865,
(when the new crop commences,) was 5,159,270 pounds, of which amount
2,375,985 pounds were shipped direct from this port to ports of the United
States ; the remainder to Europe.
The total shipments from this port to September 30, 1865, are 1,169,866
pounds, of which amount 875,308 pounds have been shipped direct to ports of
the United States. Compared with the corresponding quarter of 1864, this
shows a slight falling off; but I note that an American ship now loading teas
for New York will take fully 620,000 pounds, wifich, added to the foregoing
shipments, will largely increase the shipments over the same time in 1864-'65.
The comparative total shipments of this staple to all parts of the world from
the opening of the port have been —
Year ended September 30, 1860 5,796,388 pounds.
" " 1861 5,847,133 «
« " 1862 5,032,156 •*
1863 5,594,656 «
** " 1804 5,159,270 "
Quarter ended December31, 1864 1, 169, 866 "
The shipments direct to ports of the United States from this port have been^*
To September 30, 1861 288, 948 pounds.
1862 1,172,510
1863 1,978,878
1864 2,375,985
Ist quarter, to December 31, 1864 875, 308 ^^^"j^
Jigitized by VJjOOQIC
490 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Compared with the quarter ended September 30, 1864, the general shipments
Bhow a falling off of 161,902 pounds, and to ports of the United States of
46,614 pounds; but the cargo of the vessel now loading, as before stated, will
make the shipments to all ports not less than 1,790,000 pounds, and to ports of
the United States direct not less than 1,496,000 pounds, showing a handsome
increase over the same time in 1864. And, from most reliable information, I
also estimate the teas now being fired and prepared for ports of the United
States at this place to be not less than 1,200,000 pounds, and all of which will
probably have cleared and sailed from this port by the first of December next
The crop of tea this year is understood to be a good one, and better in quidity
than last year.
3. Cotton^, — This article has entirely disappeared from market, and has ceased
to be talked about. Since July 1 not a bale has been shipped, and not one is
likely to be during the year.
4. The articles of sea- weed, arrios, sharks' fins, dried fish and shrimps, awabi,
irico, (small dried fish,) coals, mushrooms, and general sundries, have been dealt
in about as usual and at usual values.
In imports, a healthy, active, and I doubt not profitable business has been
done; and it is specially worthy of note that a new impetus to business was
given by the defeat of the Japanese at ^imonosaki, and that activity and
cheerfulness were imparted to the Japanese merchants and traders, and all
foreign nationalities at this port, from and after that important event And
from that time continuously may be noted largely-increasea importations of and
business in all woollens, cotton and iron goods — especially in camlets, cloths,
shirtings, cotton yams, nail rods, bar and round iron.
The total value of exports for the last year, from the best possible sources,
(and I have taken great pains to get the most accurate and reliable,) from this
port, is —
Raw silk and cocoons $9, 087, 650
Teas 1,547,781
Cotton 760, 000
Waste silk 184, 660
Silk-worm eggs 270, 000
Arrios, sundries, &c 1, 390, 000
Total 13,240,091
The total value of imports for the same time (also, I believe, from perfectly
reliable sources) has been as follows, viz :
Woollen goods $1, 371 . 866
Cotton goods 1, 620, 368
Cotton vams 759, 980
Iron and iron goods 789, 520
Velvets and brocades 359, 855
Arms and implements 151, 360
Lead, tin, spelter 330, 125
Ships and steamers 114, 000
Sugar, ivonr, sundries 341, 428
Medicines, drugs, books 70, 500
Articles de Paris 39,800
Naval and oilmen's stores 203, 500
Wines, liquors, beer, &c 125, 208
Total 6, 267, 510
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
JAPAN.
491
Recapitulatum,
Total imports $6, 267,510'
Total exports 13, 240, 091
Total trade 19, 507, 601
Say nineteen million five hundred and seven thousand six hundred and one
dollars, in Mexican currency, for the years 1864-'65.
The business of this port as given in dollars above may be classified as nearly
as can be as follows :
IMPORTS.
Valuations of business according to nationalities, viz :
By American houses $690, 760
British houses 4, 830, 650
Dutch houses 443, 300
French houses 180, 000
Prussian houses 83, 300
Swiss houses 39, 500
Total business 6, 267, 510
EXPORTS.
Valuations of business according to nationalities, viz :
By American houses $1, 328, 715
British houses 8, 386, 780
French houses 2, 553, 766
Dutch houses 547, 810
Prussian houses 287, 370
Swiss houses 136, 360
Total busmess 13, 240, 601
It should be noted that there is not now, and was not in 1864, a Russian
mercantile house, nor yet one Russian resident, in this port.
The item of French trade and business at this port may be specially noted in
my estimate above as too high, but it is confidentj^ asserted by reliable parties
here, entitled to the greatest credit as authority, that it ought to be even oigher,
and that the current year the French total trade will be equal or nearly equal
in value to that of the British, particularly as to the export trade. The com-
parative aggregate business of this port as compiled from Japanese and British
information is stated to have been —
Year.
Imports.
Exports.
Totals.
I860
1945,711
1,478,315
2,576,930
1,595,170
5,443,594
$3,954,298
2,682,952
6,305,128
5,134,184
8,997,484
$4,900,009
4,161,269
8,882,058
6,729,354
14,441,078
1861
imi
1863
1864
Digitized by LjOOQIC
492
ANNUAL REPOET ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
According to information gathered by myself from all Bources, and wbicli I
*am confident is perfectly reliable, the comparative aggregate business of this
port has been for the years stated as follows :
Year.
Imports.
Exports.
Totelfl.
1862-'63
$3,500,000
3,000,000
6,267,510
$12,375,000
13,037,998
13,240,091
$15,875,000
I6,037,99§
19,507,601
1863-'64
1864-'65
Average market prices of native commodities for export during the year ended
September 30, 1865.
Commodities.
From —
To-
Beans per picul.
Brimstone do
Camphor do. . . .
Charcoal do
Coal
per ton.
per picul.
Cocoons per pi
Coir do
Copper sheathing do
wire do
Cotton, raw do....
Cuttlefish do
Flour do
Gall-nuts do
Ginseng per catty.
Isinglass per picul.
Lumber (12-fl) per lUO pieces.
Mushrooms per picul.
Rape-seed do
oil do
Saltpetre do
Sea-weed, cut ..., do
uncut J... do
Shrimps, dried do
Silkworm eggs, white, &c
Soy per picul-
Tea, inferior do....
common do
good do
fine do
fi nest do
Tobacco do
Wax, bee*s do,....
Tcgetable, white do*. . . ,
uuDleached do
S3 00
5 00
23 00
1 25
8 00
35 00
3 50
38 00
37 00
23 00
12 50
3 50
8 50
1 50
35 00
20 00
32 00
2 25
10 50
9 00
4 50
2 50
17 00
35
1 00
14 00
17 00
22 00
27 00
32 00
6 25
45 00
15 00
12 00
$5^
12 00
28 00
2 51)
900
120 00
450
40 00
40 00
32 00
15 00
4 00
950
650
65 00
37 00
36 00
3 00
12 OO
9 50
7 50
4 00
22 50
1 70
2 50
17 00
21 00
27 00
32 00
35 50
7 50
60 00
17 50
14 UO
Digitized by LjOOQIC
JAPAN.
493
Average market prices of foreign commodities imported during the year ended
September 30, 1865.
Commodities.
Alpacas, assorted, 42 yards
Alum per picul.
Bars, iron , do....
round do
Blankets, 7 lbs per pair .
8 lbs do....
9 and over do
Brocades, white per piece.
colored do
Camlets B B. B., good colors do
S., good assorted do. . . .
S. S., good assorted do
,S. S. §., good assorted do
cords ". do.-..
Chintz, assorted do
Cotton yam, 16 to 24 per picul.
28 to 32 do
38 to 42 do....
Damasks, woollen , per piece.
cotton do
Glass, window per box.
Ivory per picul.
Lastings per piece.
Lead per picul.
Leather, colored per dozen.
Long ells per piece.
Nail rods per lOU lbs .
Quicksilver per jar.
Shirtings, gray, 5^ catty per piece-
gray, 6^ catty do
white do
spots do
dyed do. . . .
F. cloths do
Turkey red do
Spanish stripes do
Spelter do
• box.
Soap
.per 1
Sugar, No. 1, China per picul .
No. 2, China do.
Taffachelas per piece.
Tin-block per picul.
Tin-plate do
Velvets, black - per piece.
assorted dp
Vermillion per box .
From —
$9 00
3 50
3 50
3 00
2 15
3 50
6 00
5 15
5 75
22 50
23 00
22 50
20 50
7 00
2 25
60 00
76 00
92 00
6 50
5 50
2 25
130 00
15 00
5 80
4 50
7 50
3 50
65 00
4 20
5 10
4 25
5 00
5 50
2 90
3 30
12 50
4 00
2 50
9 00
5 25
3 25
22 00
5 00
7 50
8 75
40 00
To—
$11 50
4 50
4 00
3 75
3 50
4 25
6 50
5 30
6 25
25 60
24 50
24 25
22 50
7 50
3 50
75 50
90 00
100 00
7 50
6 25
3 50
250 00
18 00
6 50
12 50
10 25
4 55
75 00
4 30
5 30
6 00
5 25
6 00
3 15
3 60
20 00
5 25
8 00
10 50
7 25
4 50
24 50
6 50
9 50
11 00
55 00
11. — Shipping.
The an-ivals of American vessels and tonnage for the year 1864 were as fol-
lows : in port January 1, 1864, 4 vessels — tonnage, 1,54/5 tons ; other arrivals, 19
vessels — tonnage, 7,470 tons. Departures 19 vessels — tonnage, 7,475 tons.
The arrivals for nine months ending September 30, 1865, have been, in port
January 1, 1865, 2 vessels — tonnage, 1,204 tons ; other arrivals, 22 vessels — ton-
nage, 10,159 tons. Departnres, 20 vessels — tonnage, 9,587 tons; and we have
in port, October 1, 1865, 4 vessels — tonnage, 1,506 tons.
There have been sold the past year, of American vessels only, 1 steamer, 609
tons, to the Japanese government ; 1 brig, 196 tons, to an English merchant ;
1 bark, 195 tons, to an English merchant. . .^. ......
Digitized by V^OOQK:!
494
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The arrivals and departures of vessels of all nations visiting this port for the
year ended December 31, 1864, were as follows :
Nationality.
ARRIVALS.
NationaUtj.
DEPARTURES..
No.
Tonnage.
No.
Tonnage
AnM^ricRn--,»»^ -- »
19
139
11
6
1
1
7,470
61,498
4,407
2,139
140
459
American ....••....,...
19
141
11
4
1
2
7,475
Britigh
British
59,263
Dutch
Dutch
4,4117
French
French
1,327
Russian......... ........
Russian .. •.••..••••..
140
PniftRiaTi
Prnssian .»...•• ••*. ....
892
Total
Total
177
76, 113
178
73,504
The return of the nnmber and tonnage of American vessels visiting this
port, and the places from and to which bound* during the year 1864, is as fol-
lows:
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
From—
San Francisco
Hong Kong . . .
Shanghai
Nagasaki
Bonin islands .
Total...,
No.
4
2
10
2
1
19
Tonnage.
890
722
3,721
1,827
310
7,470
To—
New York
San Francisco
Shanghai
Hong Kong . .
Nagasaki
Cruize
Total
No.
Tonnage.
19
3,812
847
140
673
310
7,475
And of same for the nine months ended September 30, 1865, is as follows:
ARRIVALS.
From —
San Francisco
Hong Kong
Shaiigl^i
Nagusaki
Hakuila<ii
Sandwich Islands
Bonin islands
Tientsin
Ningpo
Nicho'ttifsky
Total
No.
Tonnage.
714
1,552
4, t)94
1,312
114
37U
CH(>
259
159
22 ; 10, 159
DEPARTURES.
To-
New York
San Francisco
Shanghai
Nagasaki
Tientsin
Arctic
Otcotch
Total....
No.
211
Tonnage,
1,858
3,43d
2, 016
1,312
259
664
310
9,857
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
JAPAN.
495
The arrivalB and departures of veesels of all nations to and from this port for
the nine months ended September 30, 1865, have been as follows :
ARRiyAI.8.
DEPARTURES.
Nationality.
No.
Tonnage.
Nationality.
No.
Tonnage.
Amcricaii ..-r-r.-n- ........
22
89
12
13
10, 159
37,232
4,534
4,950
American ..............
20
72
10
12
9,857
29,562
3,964
4,680
British
British
Frencli ... ...... ......
French
Dutch ........... ......
Dutch
Total
Total
136
56.875
114
48.063
Comparative table shomn^ the arrival and departure of American and other
vessels since the opening of this port.
Year.
ALL NATIONS.
No. of
arrivabs.
Tonnage.
AMERICAN.
No. of
arrivals.
Tonnage.
I860
1861
1^62
1863
1864
1865—9 months
103
74
118
170
177
136
44,746
31,037
42,876
64,420
76,113
56.875
30
27
35
40
19
22
16,293
13,153
17,761
21,102
7,475
10, 159
It will be noted that while American shipping fell off from 40 arrivals in the
year 1S63 to 19 in the year 1864, British shipping increased during the same
period from 100 arrivals in 1863 to 139 in 1864; and the whole number of
foreign vessels arriving in 1864 only showed an increase of seven vessels over
1863.
The arrivals of American-built tonnage this year under British and other
colors have considerably decreased as compared with last year.
Freights for American vessels have been very difficult to obtain, except by
and on account of American shippers, and not always by them. The average
prices the laat year from this port to New York and London have been from as
high as c£7 lOs. down to <£2 10s , and from this port to San Francisco from
$15 down to $6 per ton of 40 feet measurement.
III. — MiSCELLANEOVS.
The season and year have been auspicious for all crops, and great abunaance
of cereals has amply rewarded the agricultural laborer for his toils. Rice
especially is said to be unusually produ. tive and excellent in berry. The price
of that article, however, is so high as almost to reach famine prices, and owing
only to the fact that the Daimios are laying by unexampled large stocks for the
good time to come.
The year past has also been very healthy, with the usual average degrees of
heat and cold, number of inches of rain, and shocks and vibrations of earth
quakes.
Digitized by V^OOQ IC
496 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The government has during the year built "abatoirs" at a place selected and
recommended by myself, indorsed by my colleagues, over one mile from the
settlement, but in a most convenient place on the water of the bay, and where
all cattle, &c., are henceforth to be butchered '' for the use of the foreigners and
their ships calling at this port."
The Japanese government is also now finishing large and extensive machine
shops and iron-works in this place for manufacturing and repairing of boilers,
engines, and all manner of iron-turning lathe- work for steam and other
machinery, and is soon to commence an extensive dock, marine railway, navy
yard, &c., at Goquimbo bay, (a small bay leading out of Mississippi bay,
about due southeast from Webster island,) named after an American ship once
hove down there. This bay is a remarkable one for the purpose, is finely
sheltered, and has room and depth of water enough for a large fleet and suf-
ficient to float the largest ship-ofthe-line. # # •
And I have the honor also to state that the government, through the governor
of Kanagawa, has, at my request, granted a lot of ground during the past year,
containing about half an acre, for a coal depot for the mail steamers of the **San
Franci»?co, China, and Japan line," and that it will be delivered to me whenever
required on and after the first day of December next. The government has also
given to the English consul, for "the Peninsula and Oriental Steam Navigation
Company," and to the French consul, for "the Messageries Imperiales," each
lots of like dimensions for the same purpose. These lots are situated together
on the canal tide- water, and are immediately opposite the machine shops already
mentioned. The "Peninsula and Oriental steamers" now bring to us semi-
monthly the British mails, leaving London on the 10th and 26th of each month;
the "Messageries Imperiales" the French mails, leaving Marseilles on the 19th
of each month ; and when we shall have the " San Francisco, China and Japan
line " in operation, we shall have regularly four mails arriving and four departing
monthly.
During the last year I have received undoubted information of the existence
of extensive coal oil or petroleum springs in this country, and am satisfied of the
productiveness of the crude oil here, and that it will in a few years be not only
abundant, but probably highly lucrative as an article of commerce and exporta-
tion from this country.
Exchange the past year has fluctuated much, and has declined from bank
rates on London 5s. S^d. sterling to the Mexican dollar to 4*. 6d. sterling,
while the bank facilities have still further increased from four banks last year
to seven now. The rate of the dollar as currency with the native dealers for
the year has varied from two itzebus eight tempos to two itzebus two tempos,
(the latter rate for a short time only,) and now is steady at two itzebus six
tempos per dollar, and is likely to remain at that figure at least until the
Japanese new year.
In concluding this report, I can but particularly note that the prospective
establishment of the San Francisco, China, and Japan steamship line gives the
liveliest satisfaction to all our business men, and that already every busitiess
man and house here is activ(>ly discussing its beneficial results to trade and
commerce, and h(jw they shall make their arrangements for shipments of silk
and other valuable commodities by this line to Europe even previous to the
completion of the Pacific railroad; and I am confident the most sanguine
expectations of the friends of this great enterprise will be fully and speedily
realized, provided the tariff of freights and rates of passage and bulliou be
made satisfactory.
January 8, 1866.
I have the honor to inform you that up to this date there have been declared
and certified at this consulate, invoices for entry in the ports of the United
Digitized by VjiOOQ !(:!
JAPAN.
497
States to the amount of 4,196,396 pounds of Japan teas for the year 1865-'669
showing an increase over the same period of 1864-'65 of 2,768,020 pounds ; and
of this amount 4,078,888 pounds have been shipped direct to ports of the United
States, and 117,508 pounds for the same, via Chinese ports. The increase for
this closed half year over the entire of last year is already 1,820,411 pounds,
and for this total year will probably not fall short of 3,000,000 pounds.
I am pleased to say the greater portion of this increase of business has been
with American mercantile houses, tnough shipments haif^ been largely made in
British vessels.
Hakodadi — E. E. Kick, Consul.
April 19, 1865.
I have the honor to transmit herewith the original trade report by the custom-
house authorities of this place for the year ended December 31, 1864.
Statement showing the description^ quantity, and value of imports in British
vessels into Hakodadi during the year 1864.
(Compiled from official documents.)
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Camlet
Blankets
Velvet
Chintz
Cloth
Canvas
Iron
Wine
Provisions
Woollen goods
Crepe
Tobacco
Pitch
Sugar
Cotton goods..
Bread
Clothing
8oap
LooKing-gl
Rhubarb ...
Glass plates
Oats
Hay
Pelte
Shee]
Sunt
orie
850 pieces
12 packages
590 pieces
6 cases, (1,398 pieces)
2cases
7 cases, (85 pieces)
362,071 catties and 1,883 bundles.
798 boxes and 9 cases
36 cases
24 packages, (1,000 pieces)
100 pieces
7 cases
213 casks
64 cases and 16,600 catties
10 cases and 1,000 pieces
127 cases
15 cases
275 cases
5 cases and 9 pieces
2,779 catties
83 cases
577 bales
292 packages
4 cases
15
(14,950 00
4,020 45
7,016 00
13,768 88
811 00
2,544 19
10,059 67
4,078 97
727 67
12,138 78
700 00
750 67
722 60
9,180 37
5,740 00
436 77
951 43
366 80
388 64
514 11
720 00
374 68
400 00
789 00
61 00
38^40 88
Total.
103,520 00
Duties on imports $5,776 00
Value of exports in British vessels during the same period 265, 840 00
Export duties paid on same 13, 292 00
32 C R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
498
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description^ quantity ^ and value of the imports at Hako-
, dadit in American vessels, during 1864.
Description.
Tar
Chintz...
Butter...
Wool....
Stores . . .
Oats
Beer
Sundries.
Total. .
Duties.
Quantity.
Value.
8 cases
75 kumas
2 cases
30 packages .
2] packages.
108 sacks
12 casks
$60 00
773 35
15 00
202 50
38 25
108 00
100 00
179 40
1,736 50
86 82
Exports from Hakodadi in American vessels, during the same period, amounted to |19, 428 97
Export duties paid on the same 869 00
Principal articles imported into Hakodadi' in French vessels.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Wine '.
6 casks.
$140 00
63 00
Glass
2 1 packages ...... ...... .... .
Total.
203 00
Duties paid on same -...-
10 10^
Total value of exports from Hakodadi, during the same period, in French vessels $23, 228 00
Export duties on the same 868 20
Imports during the same period, in Prussian vessels.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Printed goods 141 packages.
Camlet : | 170 pieces
Woollen goods I 15 pieces
Rhubarb | 12,696 catties....
Watches !
Iron I 2,300 catties....
Sundries '
Chintz I 250 pieces
Total.
Duty.
|198 GO
343 OO
172 50
2,539 CO
1,594 00
529 OO
10, 107 OO
1,000 OO
16,4ft{50
824 la
Total value of exports in Prussian vessels daring the same period f47, 933 92
Export duty paid on the same 2,020 10
Digitized by LjOOQ !(:!
JAPAN.
499
Statement showing the descriptiaut quantity^ and value of the exports from
Hakodadi, also the nationality of the vessels in which shipped, during the
year ended December 31, 1864.
Description.
British
vessels.
American
vessels.
French
vessels.
Prussian
vessels.
Aggreg'e
amount.
Value.
Seaweed piculs..
Do...(cut) do....
Awabi, ( Rock-sucker) . . do
Charcoal do.
104,625
3,502
1,151
526
830
152
175
10
514
354
67
350
2,093
63
42
391
1,811
158
170
189
470
29
52
11.305
336
5,289
279
5
63
17
59
4,681
587
110
4,457
139
19
119,052
4,507
i,2a5
589
1,158
211
175
10
1,055
421
67
40&
2,811
68
42
391
2,148
158
210
365
470
29
52
11,305
530
45
116
9
500
10
1293.620
15,604
20,248
312
Cuttlefish do....
Deer-horns ...do....
259
52
12,185
1 160
Deer-skins ............do....
2,107
2,257
9,493
8,364
536
Ginseng do. . . .
Oysters do
Erica do
Rapeseed oil do
Fish oil do
456
28
85
39
55
50
5,209
Potatoes do
Samenhile do
518
150
2,214
114
S-lk do....
17,306
391
Sulphur do
Tobacco do
337
7,097
66
Awabi shells do
Firewood sikies. .
40
176
466
Lathes bundles..
45
Oare
173
Peas bags..
Salt salmon boxes. .
43
86
Silkworm eggs cards..
Timber logs..
Irico and awabi boxes . .
4,374
971
520
160
34
45
Knees
116
9
31
Lacquered ware cases. .
67
Wedges
500
10
22
Wax piculs..
150
Total
405,231
Statement showing the nationality and number of vessels arrived at and de-
parted from Hakodadi during the year 1864, with the duties and port charges
paid by vessels of each nation, compiled from official documents.
Nationality.
Arrivals.
Departures.
Duties and port
charges paid.
British
47
2
17
8
45
2
17
8
119,547 11
947 20
French
United States
1,455 20
Pmssian. , , ,. . - -- -
2,863 15
Total
74
72
24,812 66
Digitized by LjOOQIC
500 ANNUAL EEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Nagasaki — John G. Walsh, Consul.
Fbbruary 1, 1865.
I herewith enclose the following returns of trade for this port for the year
1864, viz:
Imports at NagasiEiki, 1864, No. 1.
Exports from Nagasaki, 1864, No. 2.
Shipping at Nagasaki, 1864, No. 3.
As 6tated in my despatch No. 20, of September 10, 1864, covering returns of
trade for this port for 1863, "the trade value uf the Mexican dollar, the only
foreign coin used in Japan, is its weight in native silver coin, and its market
value is its value in trade." Its market value during 1864 was 24^ per cent,
less than the treaty value.
The returns show an increase of 614,000 Japanese taels in the value of ex-
ports, and 891,000 taels in imports, as compared with the year 1863, bringing
the value of exports nearly up to the trade of 1S6;<^, and giving an increase of
600,000 in imports over that year.
The trade of this port would, doubtless, have been much larger but for the
belligerent attitude which the Daimio Choshu occupied during the first eight
months of the year towards foreigners and his own government. Now that
he has been brought to reason, both by foreigners and the Tycoon, and the pai-
sage of the straits of Simouosaki — the great highway from the west coast to
Osaka, Kyato, and Yedo— left free and unobstructed as before, it is to be
hoped that confidence will be restored and trade revived.
The export of greatest value was cotton, amounting to over one-third of the
whole trade ; the next is tea, and the third vegetable wax, followed by seaweed
and dried cuttle fish. The exports of the two latter articles amounted to nearly
half a million of taels.
Of imports, cotton goods and yam represented nearly one-half, %nd woollen
goods nearly one-quarter of the whole value — ^the Japanese having no sheep.
European and Ghincses medicines come next in importance, followed by lead,
iron, tin, and tin plates. Woollen goods, eppecially English camlets and black
alpacas, are daily growing in favor and must soon become an important article
in Japanese trade.
Of exports, about nine per cent, of the whole value were shipped in American
vessels, sixty-nine per cent, in British, and the balance in Dutch, French, and
Prussian.
Of imports, about eight and a quarter per cent, came in American vessels,
seventy-one per cent, in British, and the balance in the vessels of other treaty
powers.
The American flag has continued in the same disfavor as during the year
1863, and but few will employ American tonnage while other is to be had.
In regard to the figures given in the returns, I have to repeat the remarks
made in my despatch No. 20, of last year : ** It is proper to state that the re-
turns which are obtained from the custom-house do not show the true value of
the imports and exports. The true value is probably fifty per cent, more than
is stated. This is caused by the imperfect way in which custom-house business
is managed by the officials in charge."
In this connexion I may give my opinion that it would be much better for
the Japanese government, and myre advantageous to foreign trade, were the
duties levied specifically instead of ad vaJ^em ; while the ad valorem system
mav be fairer and more equal in countries where the appraisement of merchandise
and collection of duties is managed according to a nearly perfect system, and
where — which is more important still — those who appraise and collect and those
who pay the duties speak the same language. But it is nearly if not quite im-
possible that such a system should work well in such a^^ountry as Japan.
igi ize y g
JAPAN.
501
Several articles are imported and exported which do not appear in the
returns.
or imports, the most important is gold in bars. This comes from China,
chiefly from Pekin, and the valae of this import the last year cannot be much
short of a million of dollars. It is sold solely to the government, and is taken
to the mint at Yedo for conversion into gold coin.
Of exports, the most important is copper in bars. I cannot ascertain the
value of the export of last year, but it is safe to estimate it to be upwards of
one hundred thousand dollars.
Tabular statement showing the description, quantity, and value of the exports
from Nagasaki during the year 1864.
Description.
Yalne in Japan-
ese taels.*
Anise-seed piculs.
Arrabi do...
Bamboo ware packages.
Beans .
Bricks...
Brooms . .
Camphor.
Cassia.
.picols..
.picnls.
.do...
C harcoal do .
Chestnuts do.
Do.
Coal.
Coir..
Cotton.
.do....
...tons.,
.picols.
.do....
J printed pieces.,
sh do....
Firewood do....
Fans.
Fish, dried picols..
Gall-nuts do
Ghenang do
Ginger do
Ginseng. do
Honej do
Iriko do.--.
Isinglass do
D5 packages..
Lacquered ware pieces..
Lanterns, paper packages . .
Macaroni picols..
Medicines do
Moshrooms do
oa do....
Oranges..
Do...-
Paner. . . .
.packages,
picols.
liages.
.picols.
Peas "do.
Planks pieces.
Poles do...
Porcelain do...
Do packages.
Sags picols.
Sea-weed, cot do.-.
long do...
red do...
Sharks' fins do...
151
89.15
64
1,604.50
15,000
9,645
1,474
452.10
5,046.92
53
216
146
814.41
24,314.83
1,657
4,204.40
3,778
3,500
267.20
1,450.22
739.01
247.50
204.05
32.32
252.25
568.65
667
4,906
6
2,548.59
5,414.12
1,651.78
62
75
164
84
1,383.73
10
521,736
8, .335
491,184
2.761
2,045
6,407
17,750.75
623.80
116.79
1,929 00
5,916 79
301 25
7,417 50
200 00
1,608 00
97,805 80
1,734 43
12,243 83
475 00
3,974 00
9, 173 32
1,602,488 00
3,551 00
228,387 96
1,709 00
219 00
6,705 80
28,440 53
6,856 38
1,086 11
100,894 59
790 20
13,420 89
55,021 40
19, 105 99
150 00
523 60
53,537 00
104,572 21
260 83
792 00
49,449 52
50 00
87,000 65
4,750 00
44,948 99
5,112 00
81,099 13
1&'>,784 38
5,523 42
7,155 13
* Four tada e<iiial in the market one doUnr.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
502 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Tabular statement showing the value of exports^ Spc. — Continued.
Description.
Serans pieces
Shells piculi
Do pieces..
Shell-fish - piculs..
Shrimps - <io ■
Silk, raw I
Soys packages..
Straw ware 1
Do i
Sundries pieces..
Do piculs..
Do paclcages . .
Tea - piculs . .
Toys * pieces..
Do packapfes..
Tobacco piculs..
Umbrellas, paper packages..
Do pieces . .
Wax, bees piculs..
vegetable
Total yalne.
15
253
7,000
160.
505.
54.
12
36
120
36,250
156.
32
20, 120.
7,425
124
6,744.
67
10,248
99
6,659.
3,267 27
22,873 75
79,030 00
87 50
2,201 as
3,056 97
701,224 95
1,015 50
58,743 91
3,220 00
13,655 00
J24,081 62
4,064,235 49
* Four taeU eqaal in the market one dollar..
Statement shotting the description, quantity, and value of imports into Nagasah
during the year 1864.
Description.
Quantity.
Value in Jap>
anese taels.
Acid, tartaric dozen.
ftulphttric do..
Anise-seed piculs .
Betel nuts do.
Blankets packages.
Do number.
Books, blank ^ do . . .
Do packages .
Books, Chinese number .
Do packages.
Boots and shoes pairs.
Do packages.
Brass piculs .
Butter packages.
Camlets pieces.
Candles piculs .
Do pacaages.
Canvas bolts.
Carpets packages.
Do pieces .
Cassia piculs.
Cheese do.'.
Do packages.
Chintzes pieces .
Cigara number .
Do packages.
Cinnamon piculs.
Cloth pieces.
Do packages.
36
17
109.50
96
55
1,526
414
4
730
27
293
8
670
400
20,188
65.96
48
655
54
4,750
560.95
2.38
146
20,964
25,000
23
85.06
497
1,175 00
Digitized by V^jOOQ
7,487 07
763 00
15,654 25
709 26
2,075 15
2,293 99
20,812 00
1,319 00
635,325 37
3,101 12
16,404 00
17,933 80
11,671 85
1, 191 15
194,394 JK)
1,395 39
5,206 00
57,202 00
le
JAPAN.
503
jS/a/em^^— Continued..
Description.
Quantity.
Value in Jap-
anese taels.
Clothing
Do
Cloves
Coal
Coffee ..
Do
Cotton
Do
Coral
Do
Crockery
Do
Catch ,
DraiTons* hlood. ..
Do
Drinkables
Do
Fans-...:
Fire-arms
Do
Fish-lines
Fish-skins
Flour
Furniture
Do
Gingham
Ginseng
Glass ware
Do
Glass, window
Gunpowder
Handkerchiefs
Hides
Hoofsi cows'......
Horns, cows*-..'.,
rhinoceros.
Do
Indigo
Iron
Do
Do
Iron nails
Do
Iron wire
Do
Ivory
Joes sticks
Lead
Do
Liquorice root
Long ells
Machinery
Metal sheathing...
Mf>dicine
Do
Do
afusk
Oil
Do
Painto
Do
.packages..!
pieces..!
piculs . .
do. ..I
do...!
.packages..
pieces . .
.pacKages..
pieces..
piculs..
....pieces.,
.packages..
piculs..
do...
.packages..
...dozens.,
.packages..
.packages.
pieces.
piculs.
do..
.paci
s.
10..
pieces.
...do..
....piculs.
....pieces,
.packages.
.packages.
piculs.
pieces.
. piculs .
...do..
...do..
pieces.
piculs.
do..
.packages.
pieces.
.packages.
piculs .
do..
pieces.
piculs.
sticks.
pieces.
piculs.
do..
....pieces.
......do..
.do.
- -.bottles.
piculs.
.packages.
piculs.
do..
.packages.
piculs.
.packages.
12
52
870.60
]9, 140
85.20
34
9,897
2
168
.15
5,576
241
1,083.90
2.30
5
6,678
105
5,600
51
6,502
11.04
750.20
9
48
539
18,960
30.35
6,R79
371
1,260
206
17.15
6,968
12,768
209.53
73.36
2.56
1,060
91.80
1,034.78
178
400
60
472.20
115
40
1.78
2,217
310
10,824.52
481.34
4,134
12
600
9,7:J4
5,762.18
14
5.30
668
100.84
744
l!
1,825 47
25,253 10
26,330 00
1,516 00
118,832 00
12,547 00
8,521 40
13,748 00
368 90
33,556 83
560 00
96,938 54
9,543 80
96,938 54
102 34
1,097 50
224,940 00
26,719 00
7,914 45
12,600 00
4,952 50
2,550 00
18,964 50
1,841 00
4,334 30
16,370 00
6,084 00
47,475 34
5,332 08
4,542 02
14,047 00
747 45
226, 107 70
7,222 85
143,647 00
15,000 00
650 00
208,949 13
2,078 50
6,044 16
11,292 49
Digitized by LjOOQIC
504 ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement — ^Continued.
Description.
Quantity.
Valae in Jap-
anese taeU.
Paper packages.
Pepper nicals .
Percussion caps packages.
Perfumery do
Do dozens.
Provisions packages.
Do piculs .
Q uicksilv er do..
Rhubarb do..
Safflower do..
Saffron do..
fred do..
do pieces.
white do..
gray do.
^striped do.
Shirting
Silk goods nieces .
pacKages.
Soap
Do
.piculs.
Spelter do.
Steel do.
StoTes packages.
Sugar.
.piculs.
candy "..do..
Sundries do..
Do
Do pack
Tar piculs.
Do packages.
Tea — China piculs .
Tin do..
plates do..
Do packages.
Tobacco do
Do piculs.
Tortoise shell do..
claw do--
Vamish packages.
Velvets nieces .
Vermilion packages.
Do piculs.
Wood, aloes do.-
ebony do..
sandal do..
Woollen goods packages.
Do pieces.
Yam cotton packages.
Do piculs.
Total.
5,459
1,118.20
160
3,513
3
282
174
12
111.64
2,142.56
173.75
14.11
18
26.538
18,154
3,650
1,999
314
887
66.60
4,090.50
3,045.75
534
3,884.60
563.78
11.96
32,108
299
74
73
312.95
498.99
390
2,128
56
1.15
3.76
2.75
12
2,927
16
14
8.11
120.50
352.40
3
1,642
2
2,383.90
40,591 00
2,700 00
7,012 50
1,006 00
3,048 70
30,64100
106,829 05
30, 134 40
47,666 98
443,821 00
199,775 00
49,300 00
38,772 00
4,265 00
6,092 42
78,510 00
15,918 00
5,512 61
91,377 00
23,595 95
34,868 57
2,169 25
5,956 50
24,889 ffi
45,412 00
350 98
3,569 80
1,949 50
396 00
79,441 70
2,680 00
2,94170
1,205 00
4,859 60
26,677 00
515,566 50
4,443,773 19
Equal (four to a dollar) to .
$1,110,943 29
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DOBIINIONS OF THE SULTAN OF MUSCAT.
505
Statement showing the description, number, and tonnage of vessels arrived and
departed from the port of Nagasaki during the year 1864.
Description.
ARRIAALS.
DEPARTURES.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
A m^^ncAn ...,. a...
28
126
14
12
15
9,736
43,663
6,042
4,430
3,719
26
123
14
10
14
8.726
41.920
Brilish
French
3,557
3,522
^,500
Netherlands
PnissiAn .
Total
195
67,590
187
61,225
DOMINIONS OF THE SULTAN OF MUSCAT.
Zanzibar — William E. Hinbs, Consul,
October 25, 1S64.
The island of Zanzibar is situated between the parallels of 5° and 7° south
latitude, is about 20 to 25 mUes from the main land of Africa, and is about 50
miles long, and 20 in breadth. • • • It is very fertile, but very sparsely
cultivated. Vegetation is very rank, the soil in many parts most excellent and
of good depth, needing only careful cultivation to bring forth such crops as
would enrich the owners of the land. The island produces cloves, pepper, and
cocoanuts for export in large quantities ; wax, sugar, oils, &c , in small quanti-
ties. There are many fine plantations on the island on which cloves and cocoa-
nuts are grown in great abundance. The clove tree bears every year, one year
producing a large crop and the next a small one. The plant was introduced
from Singapore and Bourbon, some twentv-five or thirty years ago; and the
plantations nave been extended so rapidly that Zanzibar has become the largest
dove-producing country in the world. Ten years ago the cloves from this
island were as fine and of almost as good quality as grown, but the trees have
been neglected ; year after year goes by and the tree is never trimmed. The
conaequence is that the crop diminishes, is poorer in every respect vear by year,
and, of course, as the cloves grow poorer so must the price decline. Gloves
from Singapore bring in the London market about four hundred per cent, more
than Zanzioar cloves; and why? Simply because the trees are neglected
and left to take care of themselves. The cloves themselves are equally as
good, as far as strength goes, and as good for making oils as any cloves in the
world, the only difference being that they are smaller, and owing to many being
allowed to flower out before being picked, are without the head or bud. Young
trees will and do produce as handsome cloves as the Amboyna. Zanzibar cloves
are often sent by the cargo to Singapore, where they are mixed with others, and
then lose their character and name of Zanzibar cloves. There are on the island,
by estimate, say 500,000 trees, producing year by year an average of 7,500,000
pounds. The extreme low price of cloves not proving remunerative to the pro-
prietors of plantations as in former times, has caused the Arabs to give their
attention to the growing of cocoanuts. The whole island is almost a forest of
cocoanut trees. There is a great demand for the ripe fruit, which sells at
from (6 to $10 per thousand. Most of them are purchased by French houses,
Digitized by LjOOQIC
506 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
who take out the meat from the shell, dry it a number of days in ths san, it is
then bagged up and sent to Marseilles to be made into oil. It is probably a
very remunerative trade, as the French have very many vessels of large ton-
nage engaged in the trade. A great many are also sent to Hamburg, Bjmbaj,
and Calcutta. Many are also used on the island for making oiL The Arabs
find the growing of cocoanuts a very profitable thing for them, as the trees re-
quire no trimming nor care. Millions of people throughout the world obtain a
livelihood from these trees alone, which need not the culture of man. Oa this
island are about 450,000 cocoanut tres, producing about 45,000,000 cocoanuts.
Chili peppers, or bird peppers, are raised plentifully on the island and find
markets with American, English, and Hamburg houses. The crop the past
year was not far from 1.050,000 pounds. Almost everything else grown is for
island consumption. Rice is imported largely from Bengal and Madagascar.
Enough might be raised on the island for consumption and for export. But tiie
character of the negro and his natural indolence forbid his seeking new chan-
nels of industry.
Imports from the coast, as will be seen by the table, are very large. Indeed,
nearly the whole foreign export trade of Zanzibar is in produce from the coast.
Ivory and gum copal, in value, are by far the most important articles. Ivorj
comes mostly from Kulava, Unyamerri, (or land of the moon,) Ugogo, Bani
Messai, Pungana, and the Bin Addah coast. The article in every locality has
its distinct peculiarities, which an export trader will easily detect. Ivory here
is known as *<bab cliah," or suitable for America or England. Bombay ivory,
which comprises everything not adapted to other markets ; cutcb ivory, or that
suitable for making wristlets, armlets, and bangles ; and scrivellos, or sioall
ivory, from among which is selected billiard-ball ivory. Ivory is sold accord-
ing to its weight and quality. Large ivory is sold at a certain price per frazil ot
35 pounds, based upon an average weight of 70 ponnds to the tusk ; every five
pounds addition to the average increases the price $1 per frazil. Scrivellos is
sold on an average of mannds 2:3:4:5 and 6 maunds. Prices are so mnch
a frazil of 35 pounds; but every increase or decrease by fractions of a mannd
increases or decreases the value of 25 cents per frazil for every sixteenth part
of a maund. A maund is 2}^ pounds.
Ivory arriving at the custom-house is stamped with a government stamp, and
every piece weighing six pounds and upwards is numbered from number one
upwards till the end of the season. After being numbered, and every piece
weighed separately, they are entered according co their number on an ivory book,
with the importer's name, and a margin for the exporter's when it is exported.
This care is taken to prevent smuggling. During the last twelve months there
came to the custom-house more than 25,000 pieces of ivory weighing over six
pounds, and some 5,000 pieces of less than six pounds each. If every tusk of
ivory had its pair, this would necessitate the death of 15,000 elephants; but as
pairs are seldom seen, we may safely say that 17,000 elephants died to supply
this enormous amount of ivory — 19,000 pieces, or 665,000 pounds. I think tbe
estimate in pounds too low, though I got my information from the collector.
Zanzibar exports the largest quantity and the largest tusks of ivory of any
place in the world. The large ivory exported will average from 80 to 85
pounds each tusk. Tusks of 140 to 150 pounds each are very common; some
are much larger. I have seen some of 175 pounds. I have one in the house
weighing 182^ pounds. Probably in the interior are many as large, perhaps
larger, but the negroes will not bring them to the coast, owing to their great
weight. Buying ivory requires great skill and a good knowledge of the article;
on no article, probably, have more attempts been made to hide defects than this.
Probably the best gum copal is expoited from Zanzibar. It is a semi-fossil
gum, dug from the earth at various depths, and in localities generally where
there are no signs of copal trees, and very few trees of any kind. It is dug at
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
DOMINIONS OF THE SULTAN OF MUSCAT. 607
ebort distanceB inland from the sea, on the continent of Afr'ca, in many locali-
ties from Mambas to Kulwa and Ibo. It is of various qualities, depending on
tbe localities from wbicb it is dug ; tbe best coming from places nearly oppo-
site the city of Zanzibar, from Magagony, Kwaly, and Burgamoyo. To the
north and sokith of these places the quality grows poorer as the distances are
increased. The poorer qualities are dug from a whitish earth ; the better from
a reddish. " Cascarci," or dry season copal, always comes from poorer quality
than ** Masuka/' or wet season copal. The dry season copal is dug after along
interval of hot, dry weather, and when the earth has become baked dry and
iiard, the copd then being from the surface, and is always small and inferior.
The wet season copal is dug after the heavy rains, when the earth is soft, and
the gum can be dug from considerable depth, where it is always found in larger
pieces and of a brighter color. There are copal trees to be found occasionally
on the coast, and on the island, but the gum obtained from them is not sought
as an article of trade, being of very poor quality and easil v soluble in alcohol,
and makes a poor varnish. The fossil gum is, without doubt, the product of
forests extinct for many ages, and the good qualities of it are probably the
effects of some peculiar chemical action of the earth during many thousand
years it has been buried in the earth ; and the rough appearance of all Zanzi-
bar copal is probably owing to its being imbedded in the sand in its soft state.
In proof of its being a gum, I may offer the fact that often small pieces of
branches of trees are found in it — perfect leaves, perfect insects, some of large
size ; thousands of small ants are often found, which were probably caught by
the gum as it ran down the tree to the ground. In one piece I found myself,
was a complete bees' nest. Copal is brought to market in a very dirty state,
and is sifted through two sets of sieves before being bought, after which it is
cleaned by solutions of soda and lime, when it becomes fit for the American or
European markets. During the past three years the traue in copal has fallen
off at least 50 per cent, owing to the American war preventing shipments of
turpentine to northern ports or Europe. Copal is shipped in large quantities to
Hamburg and London.
Sim-sim, gingelly, or teel seed, is grown largely on the coast from Brava to
Monghow, and finds a market with the French, Germans, and English. Some
seven months since a number of tons were sent to the United States for sample,
to see if it might not be sold as a substitute for cotton-seed in making oils. The
result has not been reported as yet,
Orchilla weed is used in Europe to make a color of a peculiar purple shade
for silks. It is brought in large quantities from Brava, Mogadoxa, and Muka,
and finds a ready market with the English, French, and German merchants.
Duties are levied on all produce and merchandise arriving at this port as fol-
lows : All imports in foreign vessels 5 per cent, ad valorem. Ivory arriving
from coast pays various duties, viz : Ivory from Kalwa, S8 50 per frazil of 35
pounds. Ivory brought by Arabs from Unyamwoovi, $9. Ivory brought on
the coast by Arabs from Unyamwoovi, $12 per frazil. Unyamwoovi ivory
brought by Unyamwoovies, and sold by them on the coast or at this place,
815 per frazil. Ivory from Paugaury includes Massai ivory, $8 50 per frazil ;
ivory from Mombas, Berri Addale and Ibo, $2 per frazil. Gum copal, from
" M Eteema," or coast opposite this place, pays a duty of 37 1 cents per frazil.
Copal from Rwali and Somanga, 20 per cent. Sim-sim pays a duty of 15 per
cent. ; other coast articles about the same. The custom-house at Zanzibar is
farmed out by the Sultan to a Banyan merchant for $195,000 the present year.
The Banyan has to pay his own coast guard and all the expenses of collecting
the customs. He probably finds it very profitable, as since his house has had
the customs it has become enormously wealthy. A duty of 5 per cent, on
every frazil of cloves grown on the island, and an annual tax of two pice
Digitized by
^^oogle
508 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
(nearlj two cento) on eveiy fruit-bearing cocoannt tree, is not a perquisite of the
Banyan, but goes to his highness. Arabs are not a trading people generally.
The trade of Zanzibar is almost entirely in the hands of Banyan and Hindo
traders from India. They are an industrious, frugal people, and many of them
amass fortunes in a short time. The poorer classes keep little shops ia the
bazaar for the sale of rice or corn or articles of little value, and are content to
earn a few pice every day to eke out a livelihood. I presume of this class of
people there are not far from 5,000.
By the aid of wealthier Banyans, Arabs will often fit out expeditions for the
far interior for trading in ivory. Sometimes the Arab will go himself, bitf
often sends some favorite slave, trusting him with goods to ten times his own
value. Once having taken advances from the Banyan, the Arab is in his
power. He must pay the Banyan a large commission for buying his goods
and fitting out the expedition, and then he must turn the ivory over to him
when it arrives. These expeditions are often gone as long as ten years ; bnt a
great many return in ten or twelve months.
There are two American houses, three Hamburg, one French, and one English
house of business in Zanzibar.
The rebellion in America has probably affected the trade of this place as
much, if not more, than any other of ito kind or size. Formerly many tnousand
bales of cotton goods, lar^ quantities of powder, musketo, brass wire, and maoy
other things, were brou^t nere every year. This trade is now at a stand.
But as soon as goods can be imported fi^om America it will be resumed. The
great fluctuations in gold and exchange have been a most serious drawback,
preventing shipmente to any great extent of coin, or forwarding exchange.
As every article in such countries as this, when bought, has to be paid for in
coin, it is oft;en very puzzling to the merchant to know the value of goods at
home when compared with prices abroad.
The soil is said to be most excellent for sugar-cane. Heretofore some Arabs
have tried sugar-planting on a very small scale, and with the most primitive
machinery; but it is not to be wondered at that they met with no success.
Some attempte have been made to grow cotton on the island, but without suc-
cess.
The different coins in the market are :
Sovereigns, valued at $4 75 ; 20-franc pieces, valued at $3 75 ; 10-franc
pieces, valued at $i 87^; 5 -franc pieces, valued at 93| cento ; Indian rupees,
valued at 47 cento ; American gold, at par.
Rupees, English and French gold, are extensively circulated ; American gold
to a small extent as yet. Austrian crowns were formerly the only current
coin, and were valued at one dollar each ; but the German and French houses
having ceased importing them, they are now very rarely seen, and when sold
are sold at a premium. The above mentioned coins were made current by a
decree of his highness. Where every article of produce is bought for cash as
in Zanzibar, it is necessary to have some current coin, and since these were
made current, business has improved, and it has become much easier to do
business than formerly. Formerly all coin arriving here was bought up by a
wealthy house for shipment to Bombay, at from 5 to 10 per cent below their
prices.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
DOMINIONS OP THE SULTAN OF MUSCAT.
509
Statement ahomng the nationaitly, number, and tonnage of, together vnth the
value of inward and outward cargoes, of square-rigged merchant vessels arrived
at and departed from the fori of Zanzibar from October 1, 1863, /0 October 1,
1864.
Nationality.
No.
Tonna^.
Value of
imports.
Value of ex-
ports.
Remarks.
* American -
t English ..
Hamburg..
French
Sardinian..
Spanish . . .
Danish
5
8
15
11
2
1
1
Arab.
2,319j
1,942
4, 103
5,469
650
675
Not known
1.357
$138,557 91
173,556 00
220,000 00
t37,000 00
Not known.
8,000 00
Not known.
125,000 00
$290,770 00
396,021 00
240,000 00
261,250 00
Not known.
15,000 00
Not known.
215,000 00
Assumed.
Assumed.
Laden for
England.
Assumed.
Total.
47
16,516}^
703, 113 91
1,416,041 00
* IneladM tome poiHoni of outward cargoes not landed, and also includes portions of homeward cargoes firom
other places,
t Included in exports in English vesaels are two cargoes for the United States, one for Salem,
Manaehasetta, amounting to $88,752 19
And one for Proridenoe, Bhode Island, amounting to 97,269 64
Total 186,081 83
Statement showing the description and quantity of the productions of the island
of Zanzibar, and where exported.
Where exported.
Cloves.
Cocoanuts.
Peppers.
Sugar.
Cereals.
Mahogany.
Oils.
India
Franet,
80,000
16,200
8,000
8,000
25,000
Francs.
1,000
6,063
8.000
7,000
Francs.
United SUtes
Eni^and
Hamburg
Arabia.:.
;::; i
France
$200,000
1
Sold and used on the island.
3,000
$10,000 j Lftnre anantitiea.
$25,000
Sent to the coast
$12,000
Total
137.220
200,000
22,063
3,000
10 000 1 19. 000
25,000
The statistScs given above are as near as it is possible to make tbem, as no
records to be relied upon are kept by any of the government officers.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
510
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE,
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Digitized by
Google
DOMINIONS OF THE SULTAN OP MUSCAT^
611
Statement showing some of the most important articles imported into Zanzibar
during the year ended September 30, 1864.
From where.
Cotton
gooda.
Bram
wire.
Beads.
Powder.
Iron.
Flour.
India.
$551,000
65,000
86,000
$16,000
$11,000
$14,000
EDgland
United States
650 bbls
India
Hamburg^
8,000
45,000
$12,000
6,000
Total
702,000
24,000
56,000
12,000
20,000
This table is made up from custom-hoase reports, but I believe the amounts
are much underrated.
The bazaars are always full of miscellaneous foreign articles ; indeed almost
every article required can be obtained as cheap, if not cheaper than in America
or Europe.
Comparative statement shotting the value of imports into and exports from
Zanzibar to foreign countries for each of the four years ended July 31,
1865, in Maria Theresa dollars.
Whence Imported.
IMPORTS.
186l-'68.
1862.'63.
1863^*64.
1864>'65.
United States
138.945
14«,5e5
806,210
1.-W.895
172.500
263.370
124,540
788,300
91,680
52.860
1, 031, 970
36.315
45,375
131,730
167,050
87,195
689.635
116,845
116,570
.1,835,714
40,270
114 750
France
157, 175
3«,725
201.450
702,620
154.150
147,460
1,804,850
Hamburg
Oreat Britain
British India
588,950
98.945
5(), 315
579,280
Britbh India, protected States
Arabia and Persian ffnif.
AfHea and adiacent Islands
Italy and Snaia
Total
1,809,170
2,692,430
3.230,384
3,612,160
Whither exported.
EXPORTS.
United States
56.715
201.095
183,840
195,880
195,880
239,355
303.830
236,405
251.670
237.700
839,044
35a 025
114. 827
1,255,486
57, 774
75,750
272,500
296,150
France
Hambary
f»r»»at BrftAiq
464,300
British India
589,160
240,945
63,210
796,115
502,930
223.540
319,680
846,025
15.680
631,242
391.887
ArRhfA aiwi Pei>ian gnlf
146.125
Africa and H^Jaeent Islands
1,271,920
Iinly Ap^ 8pain
Total In Maria Tbervsa dollars
2,131,080
2,338,970
3,649,761
3,479,874
Digitized by LjOOQIC
512
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement showing the description and value of the principal arti-
cles of imports into and exports from Zanzibar for each of the four years
ending July 31, 1865, {computed Maria Theresa dollars, or German crowns.)
IMPORTS.
Description.
Beads
Cowries
Grain, rice, &c
Gum copal
Ivory
Oils and oil seed
Orcbilla weed
Cotton goods
Staves
Treasure
Hides
Wire, iron, and brass.
Total.
1861-'e2.
$35,000
36,000
95.800
150.000
30,320
15,000
60,000
585,100
120,000
321,500
1,448,720
1862-*63.
$81,159
50,000
48,000
200,000
277,161
108,937
65,000
839,716
100,000
377,500
2,147,473
1863-'64.
156,300
40,000
129.000
135,000
682,000
157,000
50,000
822,020
140,000
280,476
30,000
18,500
2,540,296
1864-'65.
$87,000
42,000
- 157,000
125,000
784,000
154,400
75,000
1,000.000
240,000
215,000
54,000
60,000
2,993,000
EXPORTS.
Cloves ,
Cocoanuts
Copal
Cowries
Hides
Ivory
Oil and oil seeds
Orchilla
Cotton goods
Treasure
Beads
Wire, iron, and brass.
ToUl.
$201,840
102,117
103,962
116,910
49,889
309,777
84.649
7,723
468,000
385,000
1,829,867
$332,087
143, 126
160,277
41,400
93,302
353,132
l.'>8,116
74,840
512,053
243,800
2,112,133
$179,498
118,353
38,908
36,741
920,054
238,395
91,473
877,200
360,000
7,000
45,750
2,913,372
$469,400
152,500
104,600
33,754
67.200
739,600
140,665
75,650
865,500
385,000
60,000
55,740
3,149,609
Comparative statement showing the number and tonnage of foreign shipping
entered at Zanzibar during each of the three years ended July 31, 1865.
Nationality.
1861-^62.
1862-'63.
1863-'64.
No
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
United States
10
12
10
3
3
4
10
3,453
2,827
4,036
2,850
228
1,564
3,548
14
8
10
1
1
6
11
4,665
2,480
5,583
150
79
3,838
2,078
1
12
11
5
4
3
6
1
1
1
500
Hamburg ,
4,506
French -
4,622
French men-of*war.
5,700
Portuguese merchant vessels ...t
'3^
Arab men-of-war
5,000
Arab merchant vessels ...... . ............
2.100
Ecrvptian men-of-war
3,000
Dan sh merchant vessels
216
Buenos A vres merchant vessels
369
Hanoverian merchanfc vc^b^pIh
2
2
14
8
380
680
12,947
3,508
Portniruese men-of-wAr
British men-of-war - ....
24
12
I
17,226
5,996
400
26
20
20,350
British merchant vessels
8,196
Italian
78
,
Totol
36,021
88
litized
42,495
91
54,884
er^-
navigator's islands. 513
NAVIGATOR'S ISLANDS.
Apia. — J. M. Coe, Commercial Agent.
January 1, 1865.
• • * I have the honor to lay before the department the follow-
ing remarks relative to this port and the islands connected with this group ; the
commercial and agricnltural pursuits during the last three months of the year
1864, when I entered upon the duties of this office. To this I have added
such information as I have been able to obtain for the previous portion of
the yeait
The port of Apia and its vicinity, although a small portion of the Navigator's
Islands, or, I may say, of the island of Upolu, derives the greater part of its
importance from the* trade carried on by the alien residents with adjacent
islands, such as Fejee and the Friendly Islands, the produce of which is ex-
ported from here to Hamburg, Sydney, and Valparaiso.
The exports consist principally of cocoanut oil, cocoanut fibre, pearl shell,
tortoise shell, sperm oil, whale oil, and cotton. The latter article is now being
cultivated extensively throughout the Navigator's Islands, both by the alien
residents and the natives. * • • *
It has been impossible for me, in most instances, to procure accurate statistics
of the quantity of the products imported and exported, as there is no custom-
hotiBe in this place where goods are entered, and the authorities of the port
keep no record of trade. I have had to collect the information I now forward
from the merchants, who in most cases could give but estimates of the value
and quantity of the articles enumerated. » • •
No import nor export duties are imposed, and no articles of import prohibited,
in this consular district. The only port duties collected are four dollars for two
and six dollars for three- mast vessels, for anchorage, with the privilege of taking
on board as much fresh water as they require, (a treaty regulation entered into
with the chiefs in the year 1830,) together with the pilotage, which has been
altered ; it is now one dollar per foot in and out of the harbor. The merchan-
dise annually imported, in return for the oil, fibre, cotton, &c , shipped from
this port to meet the requirements of these islands, (as nearly as I am able to
ascertain, as per annexed table of imports,) consists of general assortments, as
tobacco, axes, lumber, and casks, chiefly American manufacture. The groceries
and spirits are principally British and German. From the East Indies, through
Sydney, the islands are supplied with sugar, coffee, and tea.
The proportion of American merchandise, as compared with that of other
countries, is about one to three of the whole amount.
The consumption of articles of foreign manufacture is very fluctuating, de-
pending as much upon the ability as the willingness of the natives to purchase.
There has been a fair amount of business done in this group during the past
year. In addition to the commerce with neighboring islands and foreign coun-
tries, many American vessels touch here from the gua,no islands to take water
preparatory to their home voyage, there being an abundance, excellent in qual-
ity, and vessels readily supplied.
The circulating medium of the islands are the coins of the United States,
England, France, and South America, and mostly among the alien residents.
The mercantile establishments are limited to eight houses, situated at this
port, and through which the business among the different islands is transacted.
Five per cent, is the usual charge for commission in selling goods, the payments
generally made in cash or cocoanut oil for goods sold.
A few disasters have happened to vessels in this ocean and vicinity during
the past year. * * * •
33 C R Digitized by VjOOQIC
514 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Agriculture in the Navigator's islands. — The principal article at present la
cotton. Many of the alien residents upon the three largest islands of this
OToup— Tutuila, Upolu, and Savaii— have entered the cotton field with some
degree of energy. About this (Apia) harbor and its vicinity the merchante
have put their hands to the plough in good earnest, and many acres of land
have already been brought under successful cultivation.
Several hundred acres of wilderness have been purchased from the nativeB
within a few months, and the work of clearing for planting is progressing
rapidly. The natives seem very desirous to sell their land, and scarcely a day
passes without some purchases being made. It is difficult, on account of the
divisions of lands, to purchase more than three or four acres at one time. This
quantity seems generally to be the allotment to one person ; sometimes, how-
ever, a whole family will combine and sell all the land belonging to them in a
certain vicinity. • * • The price varies according to distance from the
harbor. Immediately back of the town situated in this harbor it is, on an
average, ten dollars per acre ; four or five miles dis^taut, from five to ten dollars
per acre. This is generally in trade and cash; aud, again, these prices vary
according as the land abounds with cocoanut and bread-fruit treee, land with-
out any of the above-mentioned trees being considered useless. The climate
and soil (a reddish clay uatare) seem to agree exceedingly well with the growth
and culture of the cotton plant.
The plantations during last year (the first crop produced) yielded from 1,200
to 1,500 pounds per acre seed cotton. Proprietors anticipate a much greater
yield the coming season.
The cotton tree yields two crops in each year.
Native labor is readily obtained at present. The greatest difficulty is to keep
only the laborers required, so great is the anxiety to obtain work. The price
at the present time is ten dollars per month, the laborers boarding themselves.
Some of the merchants last year, fearing that native labor could not be obtained,
sent to Raratonga for men ; but those who agreed with such for one year anti-
cipate with pleasure the termination of their engagement. Home labor can be
used more advantageously.
There have been no worms nor insects as yet to injure the growth of the
cotton plant, which, although planted by the natives in the most careless man-
ner, and sometimes in very stony places/ and never weeded, grows apparently
in defiance of all obstacles. The cotton tree grows (unless the top is cut off
about three or four inches) to the height of 16 or 20 feet. It has long been
known in the Navigator's islands, but whether a native of the country or im-
ported I am not able to learn. The quality produced in its wild, uncultivated
state is very superior. Visitors to this port remark that it exceeds the Ameri-
can in every respect.
In fact, persons desirous of entering the field find every encouragement.
The cost of clearing and planting with cotton does not exceed twenty to twenty-
five dollars per acre. The only labor rt^quired after planting is weeding, which
must be done twice and early. No hoeing has thus far been found necessary.
Cotton matures five months from planting the seed, and the tree yields five or
six years before the land requires to be replanted.
The cost of picking is estimated at one cent per pound. The market price
of cotton with the seed is at the present time from eight to ten cents per pound,
and from thirty-five to forty cents for ginned cotton. There are tens of thou-
sands of acres of beautiful land adapted for cotton lying waste and useless, and
will continue so unless purchased by foreigners. One-half of this large island
(Upolu) could be turned into cotton fields, for which it is so finely adapted.
Coffee plants grow well here, but require more care and trouble than cotton ;
and therefore coffee plantations are not very extensive, although two or three
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
NAVIGATORS ISLANDS.
515
very fine ones are being cultivated in this vicinity, about two years old. The
tree yields coffee at three years from planting.
Sugar-cane grows wild and luxuriantly, bat the leaf is only used for thatch-
ing or roofing houses by the natives.
Indian com thrives well ; it yields four crops in a year, but unless care be
used is liable to be blown down.
Sweet potatoes, yams, taro, and vegetables of cold climates, grow abundantly
through the year.
Statement shotting the description, quantity, and value of merchandise imported
and exported at the port of Apia during the year 1864.
IMPORTS.
Description.
Cotton and dry goods. . .
Hardware
Spirits and wine
Tobacco
Groceries and provisions
Lumber and casks
Sbip chandlery
Specie
Total
Value.
$35,000
10,000
15,000
],000
10,000
]3,000
14,000
46,000
144,000
EXPORTS.
•
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Cocoannt oil ...... ...
... tuns..
917
8
3,500
3,400
2
1
1
20
$145,050
1, 100
...... tons . .
Ginned cotton
Seed cotton
pounds..
......do....
1,160
650
Pearl shell
...... tons . .
200
Spenn oil ...........
tuns . .
300
Whale-oil
do...
125
Tortoise shell
Specie
pounds..
40
5,000
Total
153,615
Statement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels entered at
and cleared from the port of Apia during the year ended December 31, 1864.
ENTERED AND CLE.\RED.
Nationality.
United States
British
Hamboiv
Tahiti, xrench protectorate
Total
Tonna^.
3,918
2.405
3,648
305
10,276
JigitizedbyV^OOglC
516
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The rates of wages at tbe port of Apia, are as follows :
Foreign laborers, cash or trade |1 per day.
Native laborers, cash or trade 50 cents per day.
House and ship carpenters $2 and $3 per day.
Native house servants $1 to $1 50 per week.
Seamen's wages $12 to $18 per month.
Interest on money 8 to lOpercent, pcrannnm.
SIAM.
Bangkok — J. M. Hood, ComuL
Statement showing the number, nationality, and tonnage of vessels arrived at
and departedfrom Bangkok during the year ended December 31, 1864.
Nationality.
British
Siamese
Hamburg
Danish
Bremen
Hanoverian
American
Swedish
Prussian
Dutch
French
Oldenburg
Belgium
Norway
Austrian
Lubec
Mecklenburg
Russian
Total
ARRIVED.
DEFARTED.
No. of
vessels.
146
126
47
31
27
15
10
9
8
8
7
5
Tons.
53,995
48,268
16,056
8,808
8,009
4,782
5,157
2,785
2,253
2,232
3,767
1,463
1,428
1,202
390
270
275
202
451 i 161,342
No. of
vessels.
134
92
47
30
27
14
10
7
8
8
6
5
4
4
1
1
1
1
400
Tons.
49,596
.34,121
16,056
8,009
4,492
5,157
2,253
3,3(ri
1.463
1,4«
h^
390
270
275
141,313
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SUM.
517
Statement showing the description and quantity of the exports from Bangkok in
Siamese square-rigged and foreign vessels during the year ended December 31,
1864.
Description.
Rice.
Sugar.
Sapan wood.
Paddy
Silk
Peas
Tin
Teelseed
Hemp
Hides
Horns
Salt
Teak plank
logs
Rosewood
Gum Benjamin .
Ivory -
Quantity on for-
eign vessels.
Quantity on Siam-
ese vessels.
Cotton
Gamboge
Sticklac
Pepper
Mangrove bark.
Picids,
1,652,906
42,523
37,968
19,736
381
G75
642
17,215
243
2,216
2,462
148,108
6,120
1,709
16,394
101
21
8,931
2,553
3,556
4,751
5,938
Pieuh,
651,918
47,456
56,741
21,223
389
240
299
8,326
332
1,132
1,277
14,458
1,600
13,513
60
76
3,707
8,276
19,593
2,467
Decbmbbr 31, 1865.
* • • Siam maj be said to lie between the parallels of 93° and 104° east
longitude, and •between 4° and 22° north latitude. These parallels embrace
Siam proper, and its dependencies. Several Laos princes in the north are, to a
certain extent, tributary to this government. The most important of these is the
prince of Ghieng Mai and his relatives. There are some apprehensions that
between England and France the Laos territories, abounding in teak timber,
may be severed from this country. Cambodia, on the east, was tributary partly
to Cochin China and partlv to this country. The French, as the result of their
recent war, have secured by treaty with Cochin China all its rights to Cam-
bodia« Still more recently France has made a treaty with the viceroy of Cam-
bodia, which, if ratified by the emperor, will make the viceroy a protege and
Cambodia a dependency of France. On the southwest several sultans of the Ma-
layan peninsula, the sultans of Tringaun and Quedah, are tributaries to Siam.
Siam is bounded on the north by China, east by Cochin China aud Cambodia,
south by Cambodia, the gulf of Siam, and the Malayan peninsula, west by the
bay of Bengal and British Burmah. The principal rivers of Siam are the
Chautabon, the Bangpakong, the Meinam, the Tachine, the Mei-klong, and the
Petchabusi. • • • •
CLIMATE.
At the head of the gulf of Siam the country is a low, level plain. This plain
is inundated at the close of each rainy season — ^in the months of October and
November. The rest of the country is hilly and mountainous^ The heat of
the lowlands is tempered by the sea breezes. The mountainous regions, too,
are cool, so that the climate, though in the torrid zone, is comparatively mild.
There are two marked seasons of the year, the wet and the dry. The wet com-
mences in May and closes in October, the dry in November and closes in April.
The natives of the country enumerate two other seasons, the cool and the hot.
518 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The cool season begins in November and closes with January, the hot season
commences with February and extends all through the rainy season. * ♦ ♦
BXTBRNAL RELATIONS.
The king and the great nobles being the principal property-holderu, they are
the extensive merchants, with but here ana there an exception. The revenne
of the country is at the disposal of the king, modified at times by the sugges-
tions of the nobles. It is seldom the public money is expended on internal
improvements. The present has the honor, however, of having inaugurated
more internal improvements than any of his predecessors. The country knows
no such thing as a national debt. The only relation Siam has with the outside
world are those induced by the treaties which now exist with the United States
Great Britain, France, Prussia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the
Hanseatic free towns. The concessions in these treaties have brought to the
country a few Americans and Europeans. The commerce which has sprung up
has been the source of great revenue, and it is to be hoped will be the ba^es of
substantial improvements.
TAXES.
* * * The taxes are, in reality, enormous. Every individual must render
three, if (not more, months* service annually, or pay an equivalent in money to
supply substitutes. This is one way for the master to whom these men are
"marked" to appropriate to himself a large amount of substitute money, for
which the state receives no equivalent service. Many of the people of the
provinces are required to supply a given amount of metal from the mines, wood
from the forests, or produce from their lands, or its equivalent in money. Every
patch of land of 20 was,* on which has been raised a crop, is taxed 22^ cents per
patch. There is no tax on land if left uncultivated. Trenched or raised lands,
when planted with fruit-bearing trees, is subject to an annual tax per tree. At the
commencement of every new reign the officials visit all the gardens ^and orchards,
measure and count the fruit-bearing trees, which are taxed as per schedule ap-
pended to the treaty, and as per indorsement on the title deeds then made out
and given to the land owners. This sum is annually collected all through the
reign, or till a new measurement takes place. Wooa, logs, timber, and produce
of every kind from the forests pay a heavy tax in money at the market value,
or in kind. Shops, warehouses, rented houses, and boats are taxed at the rate
of one in twelve. Whatever pays an inland tax should, by the treaty, be free
of export dues, and whatever pays export dues should be free of inland and
transit dues. This treaty stipulation, however, I have ample evidence is being
grievously violated.
The different sources of revenue are open to applicants. Whoever will pay
the largest annual sum to government, and to those who have the king's ear,
usually receive the monopoly. The purchaser collects the fanned out revenue,
as best he can, with the help of the influential men, and pays his stipulated Bom
annually to government. It is manifest the monopolist has ample opportunity
to defraud the government and the subjects. * * *
MINES.
The country abounds in iron, copper, tin, and gold mines. The gold wash-
ers pay each an eighth of a tieal weight of gold for the privilege of washing each
season. Ingots over a certain size belong to the government. There are special
rules for working the other mines. The requisitions, however, are so burden-
some that there is not inducement enough for the natives to work the mines
extensively. All European attempts to work them have proved complete fail-
ures. • • •
A was is 6i feet. digitized byTjUUglU"
SIAM.
519
TIMBER.
TheforestsofSiam abound with almost every variety of timber. • • • The
teak which is conveyed to Maul main is principally brought from Laos forests
belonging |o Siam. What is brought to Bangkok is partly cut in Laos forests,
and partly in the forests of northern Siam proper. This is the great and sub-
stantial wood of the country, almost defying the inroads of time and atmospheric
changes, and is least disturbed by worms and ants. It may be exposed to
alternations of heat and moisture ; it may be placed in water or in the earth,
where other species of wood would decay and become worthless ; it is sound and
serviceable. The forester pays a given amount per log for the privilege of
cutting, and then, when brought to Bangkok, a heavy tax in kind or money is
collected before it can be sold. AH sound logs over a given length and given
circumference the government claims.
Iron wood abounds in all parts of the country. It is used for planking the
bottoms of ships and for boat building. • • •
TRADE.
Siam has always carried on a trade with China and the islands of the Indian
Archipelago. Previous to 1856, the bulk of the trade was carried on in junks
and small native vessels, some of which were owned in China and others in
Siam.
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of imports into Bangkok
during the year 1665.
Description.
White and grey sheeting; pieces. .
Other cotton goods do. . .
Twist — red, white, yellow, and green bales . .
Chowls, cotton fabrics pieces. .
Silk, raw bales..
chowls pieces. .
crape do...
piece goods
Gold thread packages..
Woollen goods bales..
Sandries
China goods
Fancy goods and jewelry I
Hardware, cutlery, &.c
Hardware packages. .
Copper sheathing
Brass and copper ware
Steel
Iron
Muskets
Tin piculs .
Pepper do..
Glw ware ^ packages .
Opium cases.
Dates piculs.
. piculs .
Ship chandlery pack
Crockery doZ
Coals tons..
Mat bags and mats
Liquors barrels and casks. .
Canvas bolts..
Specie (Mexican dollars)
Gold leaf
Quantity.
ia5,094
90,781
935
:}46,6Q0
20
14,51.5
5,512
23,557
120
252
300
9,884
16,000
1,500
15,997
1,324
205
3,619
1,609
13,012
2,167
683,109
11,253
1,303
Value.
$395,554
331,372
128,275
141,127
5,276
67,790
32,105
182,544
8,319
17,636
217,208
208,865
65,346
8,774
7,081
16,748
78,416
4,434
28,566
24,951
29,945
85,497
12,392
105.392
8,319
18,491
50,670
12,017
66,057
26,665
6,593
168,328
64,590
" Jigitized byVj'OOQ !(:!
520
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Imported from Singapore |1, :576, 725
Imported from Hong Kong 542, 597
Imported from China 3K, 7(Jt>
Imported from India 5, eri
Imported from Europe 5, 578
Imported from the coast 222,910
Total 2,479,396
Statement showing the description and quantity of exports from Bangkok in 1865,
and the increase and decrease compared toith 1864.
Description.
Rice
Paddy
Sugar
Sapan wood.
Peas
Silk
Tin
Teel seed . . .
Hemp ...... .
Hides
. piculs .
...do..
...do..
bales.
picals .
do..
do. .
do.
Horns do..
Salt do.
fish.......... ..do..
Musbels do. .
Teak timber pieces.
Pepper piculs.
Rosewood pieces.
Gum benjamin piculs.
Ivory do. .
Cotton, cleaned do..
uncleaned do..
Luckrabow seed do. .
Cardamou seed do. .
Lac, stick do..
Gamboge do. .
Mangrove bark do. .
Ebony
Eicports in
1865.
36,718
10,324
81,966
90,117
2,279
947
2,752
:«,016
1,855
5,344
1,674
252,419
87,512
10,985
772
26,281
74,380
189
85
11,922
12,943
1.638
1,300
4,744
477
23,882
11,302
Exports in
1864.
2,331,210
26,978
92,836
97,506
979
929
1,064
26,927
816
4,197
3,966
168,746
142,841
5,0J1
1,002
23,752
20,857
223
121
19,290
2,117
1,265
13,331
89
6,422
Decrease, i Increase.
2,295,592
16,654
870
7,389
2,292
55^329'
" '236"
34
36
7,368
479
*8,'567*
\i
l,fr^*
5,(1^9
1,147
93,673
5,974
3,531^
53,523
12.943
35
I
5?-
17,4(i«'
11,3U2
Value of expoits of 1865 $3,201, O^U
Digitized by LjOOQIC
SIAM.
421
Statement sJiowing the number and tannage of vessels of all nationalities arrived
at and departed from Bangkok during the year ended December 1, 1865.
Nationality.
Class.
United States ; Schooner .
Do do , Bark
I
British | Schooners.
Do j Brigs
Do I Barks
Schooners.
Briffs
Barks....
Ships
Do ; Steamers..
Siamese .
Do....
Do..-.
Do.
Bremen BripT- •
Do I Barks
Dutch .
Do..
Do..
Do..
Hamburg.
Do
Do
Oldenburg .
Do
Bries...
Barks. .
Ship....
Lugger.
Brig..
Barks.
Ship. .
Bark . .
Vessel .
Prussian .
Do....
Do....
Brig..
Barks.
Ship. .
French j Barks .
Do ! Ship..
Total
No. of
vessels.
1
1
10
6
21
9
10
51
15
16
1
2
2
18
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
182
Tonnage.
303
235
1,371
1,591
7,305
2,537
2,323
18,348
8,774
5,590
210
722
456
8,144
784
98
230
2,819
813
760
649
411
435
679
Total ton'ge.
538
10,267
37,572
932
9.482
3,862
760
1,326
1,114
65,853
The arrivals and departures are reported in equal numbers by the custom-
house, and may be summed up as follows :
Class.
Schooners
Brigs
Barks
Steamers
Ships
Logger
Total
No. of
vessels.
20
21
105
16
19
1
182
Tonnage.
4,211
5,076
39,417
5,590
11,461
98
65,853
Digitized by LjOOQIC
522
ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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BARBAEY STATES.
523
Tunis — Amos Perry, Consul.
April 20, 1865.
I have the honor herewith to transmit my report of the imports and exports
of this regency for the year 1864. Strictly accurate information here is difficult
to be attained, as, until last year, no attempt was made to keep any account of
custom-house transactions. * • *
On the bey's grand treasurer devolved the responsibility of collecting the
import and export duties. The import duties have been established by treaty
stipulations for many years at three per cent. The export duties have varied
from two to seventy-five per cent. * * *
The weights, measures, and currency of the country are entirely different from
those of the United States, causing me much inquiry and labor to reduce the sub-
joined tables obtained from the custom-house. In examining the tables I dis-
cover a deficiency, both in imports and exports. For example, in the import
tables no account is taken of wines, liquors, butter, and cheese, of which large
quantities are brought here for consumption. The tobacco trade, which forms
a government monopoly, is not named ; and among the exports no notice is
taken of a variety of dried fruits, tunny fiah, and cotton. Last year an extra-
ordinary amount of olives and grain was produced in the regency ; but the civil
war interfered with the harvests. Most of the cotton crop was maliciously de-
stroyed, and the olives and grain were iii many places neglected in the fields.
The richest part of the regency stretches about fifty miles along the eastern
shore. There the olive trees are generally in a healthy condition and produce
abundantly. Last year the bey levied a war tax of three million gallons of
olive oil and a million dollars in gold on the small cities in the district just
named. It requires but little observation to be convinced of the great agricul-
tural and commercial resources of this regency. The soil is rich, producing
abundant crops with but little labor. The harbors are the best to found on the
north coast of Africa. The climate is in general healthy, though the humidity of
the wet and the heat of the dry season are oppressive to strangers, the advantages
for commerce are not appreciated, the treasures of the country are undeveloped,
and the country presents but a sad appearance. The people are ignorant, super-
stitious, and fanatical, though, in general, inoffensive. The commerce is mostly in
the hands of the Jews, and appears to an uninitiated foreigner like agrab game.
One great work of lasting honor and advantage has been accomplished since
my residence here. While Carthage was in her glory water was brought from
the mountain of Zoybaun, forty miles distant, to supply that city. In the six-
teenth century, during the reign of Charles V here, an aqueduct was completed
in the Eoman style from Zoybaun to Tunis, a distance of thirty miles. The
water is again made to flow into this city and its environs, by an aqueduct con-
structed in the modem underground style.
Statement showing the description, quantity ^ and estimated value of the exports
of the regency of Tunis during the year 1864.
Description.
Olive oil
Wool
Rod caps
Barley
Corn and wheat
Beans
Dates
Ox-hides
Sheepskins with wool .
Wax and honey
Beef cattle
Total
Quantity.
5,000,000 gallons, at 60 cents per gallon.
500,000 cwt,, at $10 20 per cwt
200,000, at |1 20 each
80,000 bushels, at 50 cents per bushel. ..
80,000 bushels, at 50 cents per bushel. ..
80,000 bushels, at 50 cents per bushel . . .
300,000 cwt., at$7 20percwt
15,000, at $150 each
25.000 sheepskins, at 60 cents each
1,000 cwt., at $24 per cwt
5,000, at $12 each
Estimated value.
$:^, 000, 000
5,100,000
240,000
40,000
40,000
40,000
21, €00
2•^.500
15,000
24,000
60,000
S7603, 100
■.iyi[iz(:jU by V^OO^K:!
524
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement shoioing the descriptiont quantity i and estimated value of the imports
oj the regency of Tunis during the year 1864.
Descriptiou.
Quantity.
Estimated
value.
Wool of Australia and Odessa . .
Vermilion
Cochineal
Indigo of Madras and Bengal . .
Redwood and other djes tuffs .
Raw sillc from France and Per-
sia
English cotton cloth
Calico
Chintz
Cotton handkerchiefs
Linen handkerchiefs
Silk gauze muslins
Dress silk
Silk satin
Silk velvet
Various cloth
Linen thread
Havana sugar
White sugar
Loaf sugar
Coffee
Saffron
Black pepper
Cinnamon
Benzoin
Putty ,
Sarsaparilla
Nuts
Cherrystone meats .
White alum
Tin
Pewter
Sheet iron
Swedish iron
Leaf copper
Iron wire
Writing paper .
J ,000 cwt., at $72 per cwt. . .
75 cwt., at $216 per cwt
200 cwt., at $96 per cwt
250 boxes, at $120 per cwt..
1,000 cwt., at $7 20 per cwt.
Wrapping paper.
Playing cards
Anns
Turbans of the Levant
European turbans
Iron ware
Lead
Shot
Furniture
Jewelry and watches
Flour
Glass and crystal
Bottles
Thick 6r plank from Sweden.
Planks from Venice
Baskets
Beams
. 401) bales, at $ — per pound
. 1,80b bales, at $2 16 per 125 pieces
.' 200 bales, at $3 60 per 150 pieces
.; 80 bales, at $4 80 per 60 pieces
.1 20,000 dozen, at $1 08 per dozen
.\ 1,000 dozen, at $2 40 per dozen
. I 20,000 pieces, at 36 cents for 26 inches
. I 400 pieces, at $46 80 per piece
. ' 20.000 pieces, at $24 per piece
. i 100 pieces, at $30 per piece
.' 400 bales, at $300 per bale
. ! 500 pieces, at $9 per piece
.1 400 boxes, at $:50 per box
. I 2,000 barrels, at $24 per barrel
. I 50 boxes, at $90 per box
.• 3,000 bags, at $24 per bag
.* 8cwt., at §600 per cwt
.1 1,000 bags, at $15 per bag
. 500^ boxes, at $24 per box
. t 100 cwt., at $72 per cwt
. 20 barrels, at $180 per barrel
. 100 bales, at $60 per bale
.' 100 bags, at $72 per bag
.• 200 cwt., at $12 per cwt
. ' 100 barrels, at $24 per barrel
J 500 boxes, at $4 80 per box
. 50 barrels, at $120 per barrel
., 1,000 cwt., at $4 80 per cwt
.: 5,000 cwt., at $2 40 per cwt
. ' 600 cwt., at $27 per cwt
. 500 cwt., at $9 60 per cwt
. ' 2,000 reams, at 96 cents per ream
.' 3,000 bales, at $4 80 per bale
. 30,000 packs, at .30 cents per pack
. ! 200 boxes, at $60 per box
.1 10,000, at 24 cents each
1,000 bales, at $1 20 each
400 boxes, at $24 each
3,000 bars, at $9 per bar
50 casks, at $60 per cask
2,000 boxes, at $bO per box
50 boxes
12,000 bags, (200 lbs. each,) at $4 80 each. ..
400 boxes, at $18 each
500 hampers, at $4 80 each
100,000, at 72 cents each
100,000, at 36 cents each
200 packages, at $4 60 each
10,000
Total.
$72,000
:6,20t»
19,200
36,000
7,200
180,000
486,000
108,000
23,040
21,600
2,400
360,000
16,000
480,000
3,000
120,000
4,500
120,000
48,000
4,500
72,000
4,800
15,000
6,000
7,200
3,600
6,000
7,200
2,400
2,400
2,400
6,000
4,800
12,000
16,200
4,800
1,920
14,400
9,000
12,000
2,400
12,000
9,600
27,000
3,000
120,000
36,000
57,600
7,200
2,400
72,000
36,000
960
12,000
2,736,720
Digitized by LjOOQIC
BORNEO.
525
Tripoli — W. Porter, Consul.
Statement showing the description and value of imports into and exports from
Tripoli during the year 1865.
IMPORTS.
Description.
British manufactures
Other foreign manufactures
Wheat
Barley
Brass
Iron
Lead
Colonial products
Oil :
Tobacco
Spirits and wine
Lumber and timber
Firewood and coal
Earthenware
Sundries
Total
Value.
$65,000
31,500
22,500
60,000
10,000
7,500
5,000
42,000
20, 000
10,000
22,500
14,500
7,500
5,000
35,000
358,500
EXPORTS.
Description.
Value.
Oil I $25,000
Butter .
Wool
Salt
Dates
Madder root
Soap
Skins
Ivoiy
Ostnch feathers.
Natrum
Cattle
Wheat
Barley
Sundries
Total.
20,500
22,500
2,500
5,000
25,000
7,500
7,500
75,000
60,000
15,000
80,000
33,500
15,000
40,000
434,000
Statement showing the nationality j number, tonnage, and crews of vessels arrived
at and departed from Tripoli during the year 1865, wdh the volumes of their
cargoes.
ENTERED.
1
CLEARED.
Nationality.
No.
1
Tonnage.
i
Crews.
Value of
cargoes.
No.
1
Tonnage.
- - - .
6,228
10,890
847
950
120
1,210
1,240
Crews.
452
937
33
80
12
88
121
Value of
cargoes.
British
41
118
2
10
1
7
20
6,228
10,958
847
950
120
1,210
■ 1,240
439
945
33
80
12
$132,500
110,000
7,500
56,500
H. ()n<)
1
41
117
2
. 10
I 1
1 7
1 20
$120,000
140,000
15,000
75,000
20,000
24,000
40,000
Ottoman
French
Italian
Austrian ..........
Greek
88 ; 14,000
129 1 30,000
Tunisian
Total
199
; 21,553
1,726 j 358,500
jl98
21,485
1,723
434,000
Brunai-
BOR
-C. Le
NEO.
E Moses,
Cons
ul.
December 31, 1865.
I have the honor to lay before the department the annual report on the trade
and navigation of Borneo for the year ended December 31, 1865.
The importations for the year have been made entirely from Singapore, com-
prising American drills, value $28,000 ; brass wire, S3,300 ; cotton handker-
chiefs, $900 ; English gooci.s, gray shirtings, $11,826 ; cutlery, $2,698. From
Jigitized by VjOOQK:!
526 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE-
China manufactory, earthernware $361. The oxports (chiefly to Smgapore)
were sago, (washed,) 73,000 piculs, costing at Singapore 91 70, sold in ready
demand for $2 40 ; this trade is entirely engrossed by the Chinese merchants.
700 cwt. No. 1 gntta-percba bought in trade at 14 cents per catty, sold at Singa-
pore at from 40 to 45 cents per catty. Fine quality white rubber, now procured
almost equal to that of Para, 19 piculs, bought as gutta-percha and for 10 cents
per catty, sold at Singapore for 18 cents per catty. 22 piculs white birds' nest,
bought at $1,200 per picul, sold readily at Singapore for from $1,600 to $1,800
per picul. 19.000 pounds beeswax, bought at 30 cents, and sold at Singapore
for from 40 to 45 cents per catty. Coffee and black pepper, of which a very
little has been raised during the past year, are quiet. The native people are
now beginning to look well into agricultural pursuits, and are sowing immense
fields of paddy and sugar-cane, planting coffee and pepper. The English peo-
ple inform me that since " Yankees" have come to Borneo there seems to be a
great impetus among the Malays. • * • • •
December 31, 1865.
The Sultan has been pleased to lease to an American, for trading purposes,
2,400 miles of his territory running from " Ambong Bay," on this side, to
Chiua-Bantangia, on the eastern side of the island.
This territory has immense fine coal fields and a great deal of tin, iron, cop-
per and gold.
A company has been formed and styled the " American Trading Company of
Borneo," and their first ship, the first American merchantman ever at this port,
visited here some forty days since, and after an exchange of civilities sailed for
the ports of their purchase.
The company ship visited several of their ports on this side of the island,
and have established their first factory at Kimacus, some eighty-five miles from
this place, but have notified me that the bar of Kimacus river not admitting sea-
going vessels of even the smallest draught, their trade necessarily will be carried
on on the extreme northern and eastern side of the island. The president of the
company has proceeded to Hong Kong to place the company's steamers in the
trade. The coal of the American region is called much superior to that " La-
buan," and there appears no doubt that American men-of-war, the California
and China line of steamers, as well as the Yang Tzeo river steamboats, can all
be easily supplied by the American coal company. • • • •
I procured the lease for an indefinite period, to be renewed every ten years.
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
HiLO — John Worth, Consul,
September 30, 1865.
The line of vessels between this port and San Francisco has been withdrawn
for the present, as molasses, the principal article of export, will not remunerate
shippers at the present prices.
Pulu is kept back by speculators. Articles of export are therefore forwarded
to Honolulu as formerly. The leading articles of export are, as usual, sugar,
molasses, pulu, hides, skins, and coffee.
The amount of sugar manufactured in this island the last year was not very
far from 20,000 tons.
Pulu shipped during the six months, from January to July, was about 3,084
barrels ; since which time it has been held for higher prices.
Large quantities of sugar have been shipped via Honolulu to China, and is
in demana at an increasS price, 15 cents being now pai^^i^g^ by CjOOqIc
CHINA.
527
On account of the scarcity of labor less attention is paid to raising coffee and
arrowroot than formerly, and the quantity shipped is less than in previous
years, but as portions of these articles are sent from a distant part of the island,
I cannot state the exact quantity shipped.
Cotton it is thought will in some localities do well. Two American gentle-
men have in a neighboring district some eight to ten acres of sea-island of good
quality and yield. •
Imports are increasing, particularly that of lumber, as the natives are using
more than formerly. Both imports and exports are for the most part carried
by American vessels. * * * The capital employed here by
Americans is large, and mostly invested in sugar plantations,
The shipping of this port consists of only two small vessels of 25 an J 60
tons.
The rate of exchange depends on the number of whale ships visiting this
port.
CHINA.
Shanghai — G. F. Sbward, Consul General.
Comparative suxnmary statement showing the value of the foreign and domestic
trade of Shanghai during the years ended December 31, 1864 and 1865.
Year.
1854
1865
1861
1865
1864
1865
1864
1365
1864
1865
1864
1865
1864
1865
1864
18&5
1864
1865
1864
1865
1864
1865
1864
1865
1864
1835
1864
1865
Description.
FOREIGN TRADE.
Value of foreign goods imported from foreign couDtries
Value of foreign goods imported from foreign countries
Value of foreign g^oods re-exported to foreign countries
Value of foreign goods re-exported to foreign countries
Value of foreign imports, less re-exports
Value of foreign imports, less re-exports
Value of natire proauce exported to foreign countries, including re-ex
ports of native produce imported from other ports
Value of native produce exported to foreign countries, including re-ex-
ports of native produce imported from other ports
Value of native produce re-exported to foreign countries
Value of native produce re-exported to foreign countries
Value of native produce re-exported to Chinese ports
Value of native produce re-exported to Chinese ports
Value of native produce exported to Chinese ports
Value of native produce exported to Chinese ports
Value of foreign goods imported from Chinese ports
Value of foreign goods imported from Chinese ports
Value of foreign goods re-exported to Chinese ports
Value of foreign goods re-exported to Chinese ports
Value of treasure imported from foreign countries
Value of treasure imported from foreign countries
Value of treasure exported to foreign countries
Value of treasure exported to foreign countries
Value of treasure imported from Chinese ports
Value of treasure imported from Chinese ports
Value of treasure exported lo Chinese ports
Value of treasure exported to Chinese ports
COAST TRADE.
Value of native produce imported from Chinese ports
Value of native produce imported from Chinese ports
Taels.
33,913,537
38,387,777
3,601,664
3,171,812
30,311,873
35,215,965
30,310,698
29,529,980
15,324,303
15,435,795
3,634,436
4,766,988
9,537,070
7,702,554
316,440
382,660
16,091,953
25,047,025
7,303,483
3,259,309
2,937,676
1,299,078
6,449,046
6,722.420
9,043,956
2,999,524
30,602,294
25,846,378
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ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOS^ON COHMEBCE.
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Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
CHINA.
637
Statement showing the destination and the quantity of Mark and green tea ex^
ported Jrom Canton during the year 1864.
DoBtination.
Black tea. Green tea.
Great Britain
United States
India
British possessions and the straits.
France
Slam
Hamburg
Callao ,
Boenos Ajres
Rio de Janeiro
KonffKong
Foodiow ,
Shanghai
Tientsin
Pounds,
9,210,088
490,791
13,979
10,000
32,407
11,880
28,333
166,969
132,873
Pounds.
1,471,011
87j,057
181,475
818,325
20,653
7,200
11,600
26,817
3,424
44,016
27,245
373,060
3,600
Total.
10,955,098
3,004,038
Statement showing the destination, quantity, and description of silk exported
from Canton during the year 1864.
Destination.
Baw and thrown.
Befuse.
Wild raw.
Cocoons.
Great Britun
Piculs.
4
193
11
CaUies.
80
24
Piculs.
730
40
CaUies.
53
50
Piculs.
\Catties.
Catties.
America
India
Shanghai
72
89
88
Foochow
17
2,630
HongKoncr
72
30
3,400
83
75
Total
2,858
53
844
33
3,400
83
75
Abstracts of official reports on the trade of Shanghai, Canton, SwatoWf and
Amoy^for the year 1864.
8HANGHAE.
The returna of this port for the year 1864 show that the value of the import
and export trade waa 25,131,501 taele, ^68,377,167 ; the total value of the trade of
the port daring the year amounting thus to 85,754,072rtaels, <£28,584,690 13s. 4d.
The estimated value of treasure imported is 7,303,483 taels, oe2,434,496 6s. Sd ;
and that of treasure exported, 2,937,600 taels, c£979,225 6s. Sd.
1863. 1864.
The total qnantity of opium imported fell from 36, 851 piculs to 30, 522 picnls.
rice do. do 2,117,170 " 1,531,404 "
metals do. do 294,884 " 223.674 "
coals do. do 161,496 tons 117, 570 tons.
tea exported fell from 616, 567 picnls 481,215 picnhi.
silk do. do 26,681 " 23,721 •*
cotton do. do 554,232 " 509,665 "
The import of cotton piece goods increased from 1,212,245 pieces in 1863, to
1>3.55,841 pieces in 1864 ; and woollen goods from 351,164 pieces in 1863, to
440,828 pieces in 1864. Digitized by v^OOgie
538
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEBCE.
Statement showing the description, quantity and value of the imports at Shang-
hai during the year 1864.
Description.
Opinm piculB.
Cotton piece eoods pieces.
Handkerchiefs doz.
Woollen goods pieces.
Rice piculs.
Metals do..
Coals tons.
Sn^ifar
Sundry imports.
Total
piculs.
Quantity.
Value.
30,522.40
1,355,841
98,166
440,828
1,531,404
223,674
117,570
124,964
Tads.
14,293,079
5,278,340
4,453,659
3,882,639
1,347,999
965,626
492,376
3,199,819
33,913,537
Taels.
Yalae of imports from British India was 16, 134, 998
Great Britain was 11, 317, 964
other countries was 6, 166, 578
Total 33, 9 1 3. 537
The foreign goods re-exported to foreign countries, consisted of
European goods re-exported to Japan 2, 810, 950
Japanese silk and tea, and other foreign goods re-exported to
Europe and America
790. 714
3, 601, 664
The value of the import trade after deducting this sum is 30, 311, 873
The value of foreign goods re-exported from Shanghai to other
Chinese ports during the jear was 16, 091, 953-
rather more than half the value of the imports from foreign
countries.
Statement shotoing the description, quantity and value of the direct exports from
Shanghai during the year 1864.
Taels.
Tea, piculs 464. 49.0, 47, valued at 14, 509, 108
Cotton, piculs 336,348,60, '« 6,570,111
Silk,piculs 22,150,07, " 8,706,598
Sundry exports 524, 841
30, 310, 698
The value of the exports to Great Britain was 25, 484, 653
United States was 2, 399, 415
France was 1,292,730
Other countries was 1, 133, 900
as shown in the summary of foreign trade.
Digitized by
30, 610, 698
Google
CHINA.
539
Of these exports, produce consisting chiefly of tea and cotton, to the value of
15, 324, 303 taeb, came originallj from other China ports.
Taels.
The value of imports from Chinese ports, after deducting the re-
exports to foreign countries was 11, 643, 555
And the value of China imports re-exported to Chinese ports was 3, 634, 436
15, 277, 991
Statement shotcing the description^ quantity, and value of the principal re-exports
from Shanghai during the year 1864, with the names of the chief ports of
production and destination.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Sugar, from Swatow and Amoy, re-exported to the Tangtse and
northern ports
Cotton, from Hankow, Ning^po, and Tientsin, re-exported to Canton.
Tea, brick and leaf, from Hankow and Kiukiang, re-exported, the
brick tea to Tientsin and the leaf tea to the south
Cuttle fish and salt fish, from Ningpo, re-exported to Hankow and
. Kinkiang
Wax, from Hankow, re-exported to Canton, Ningpo, and Foochow.
China ware, from Kinkiane, re-ex pNorted, chiefly to Ningpo
Tobacco, from Hankow and Tientsin, re-exported to Ningpo and
Foochow
Oil, from Hankow, re-exported to Ningpo
Other goods
Pieuls,
162,998 85
18,484 13
9,675 28
19, 145 83
2,529 10
26,699 22
9,734 77
12,215 17
Total.
The ralneof exports to Chinese ports was
The chief articles of export were —
Silk piece goods, exported chiefly to Ningpo, Hankow, and Tientsin.
Cotton, exported to the southern ports
Nankeens, to Foochow, Nm^po, and Tientsin
Copper ca^, to Hankow and Kinkiang
Sundry goodfl
2,576 37
156,205 87
41,049 54
133,644 06
Total.
The value of foreign goods imported from Chinese ports amounted
to
Tads.
701,943
352,425
327,031
312,946
162,922
297,009
137,497
116,422
1,226,241
3,634,436
9,537,070
1,552,527
3,053,817
2,257,724
1,603,728
1,069,274
9,537,070
316,440
Digitized by LjOOQIC
540
ANNUAL BEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMEBCE.
Statement showing the nationality t numherf and tonnage of vesseU entered the
port of Shanghai during the year 1864.
Countries.
Number.
Tonnage.
British
American
Hamburg
French
Danish
Other European nations ,
Siamese
Japanese
Ningpo boats and Chinese junks under foreign flags
Total ,
1.275
512.670
475
269,-910
104
29,762
46
19,389
54
12,600
171
49,697
11
4,863
1
378
2,137
899,331
559
41,696
2,696
941,027
Comparative statement showing the number and tonnage of vessels entered and
cleared at Shanghai during the years 1863 and 1864.
1864.
ENTRRED.
Number.
Tonnage.
Number.
Tonnage.
Foreiim Teasels ........ .
2,137
559
699,331
41,696
2,104
552
886,728
41,154
Ningpo boats and Chinese junks under for-
eign flags ....«- ...... ...... .... .... ....
Total
2,696
941,027
2,&56
929,882
1863.
Foreiflrn yessels ...........................
2,306
1,094
891,155
73,164
2,370
1,077
923,070
73,320
Ningpo boats and Chinese junks under for-
eiflrn flacrs .......................... .
Total
3,400
964,309
3,447
996,390
The principal decrease has been in the Ningpo boats and Chinese junks fly-
ing foreign flags. The Ningpo boats have decreased in consequence of the
regular communication now carried on hj steamers between this port and
Ningpo, and Chinese junks have navigated the Yangtse under foreign flags
because the protection of such flags has ceased to be required on that river.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CHINA
541
CANTON.
Statement showing the decrease of foreign trade at Canton for the past foe
years.
Yean.
Value of im-
ports.
Value of ex-
ports.
Total value in
Mexican dol-
lam.
1860
$18,400,000
12,900,000
10,500,000
9,500,000
8,100,000
$16,200,000
15,800,000
17,700,000
16,000,000
13,600,000
$34,600,000
28,700,000
28,200,000
25,500,000
21,700,000
1861
1862
1863
1864
It is thus shown that the valne of foreign trade for the last year was about
two-thirds of what it was in 1860.
EXPORT OF TEA.
Tears.
Quantity.
Duty.
1860
PicuU,
263,000
290,000
239,000
183,000
104,000
Tads.
657,500
740,000
597,500
457,500
260,000
1861
1862
1863
1664
In consequence of the opening of Hankow in 1861, mnch tea is now carried
there that in former years fonnd a market at Canton. This will account for
the deficiency exhibited in the above table, for the collection of last year com-
pared with 1861 shows a falling off in weight of nearly 200,000 piculs, and in
duty of 480,000 taels.
Owing to the demand for cotton in Europe, the trade in this article from
India has entirely ceased. In 1860 there were 526,000 piculs imported, valued
at 5,700,000 Mexican dollars, which paid a duty of about 180,000 taels, while
last year none was imported. The traders were mostly Parsees, who returned
the proceeds in China merchandise suitable for the Indian markets ; therefore
not only is the trade in India cotton lost for the present, but exports are affected
to a similar extent. So long as the market was supplied from India, there was
no importation of the native article, but the short receipt in 1861 turned the
attention of dealers to the northern ports to supply the deficiency, and since
that time the trade has been increasing. The amount of native cotton which
passed this office during the year —
1861 was 7, 800 piculs. I 1863 was 25,400 picals.
1862 was 46,600 " | 1864 was 19,600
Although from the above it would appear that a decrease had taken place
during the past two years, the trade has actually increased, for the importation
of last year reached over 50,000 piculs, over 30,000 of which were brought up
in native vessels.
Since the Tientsin treaty came into operation a large portion of the trade in
cotton piece, soods that was formerly carried on here has been diverted to the
newly opened northern and Yangtse ports. The large reduction shown in the
following statement can be accounted for p.g.^.^^^ ^^ KjOO^ le
542
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Comparative statement shouing the import of cotton piece goods for the past
Jive years.
Description.
I860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
Cotton dyed, figured, and plain . . . pieces . .
damask do...
printed and fancy do. . .
shirtings, gray do. . .
shirtings, white do. . .
T cloth, 24 yards do...
45,000
13,000
47,000
358,000
110,000
136,000
27,000
5,000
30,000
352,000
84,000
74,000
21,000
3,000
11,000
133,000
49,000
38,000
20,000
30,000
15,000
48,000
44,000
28,000
14,000
700
7,IX)0
44,000
42,000
22,000
Statement showing the amount of opium, passed hy the customs for the past
Jive years.
Description.
I860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
Opium, Malwa
Patna
...piculs..
.....do...
. I,a58
982
848
513
1,668
2,244
1,774
2,035
1,180
1,310
Total
2,340
1,361
3,912
3,809
2,490
Previous to the treaty of Tientsin coming into force, vessels arriving here
with rice cargoes were exempted from paying tonnage dues, but under the
present treaty these vessels were made to pay ; the consequence is, that much
of this article that in former years came direct is now landed and stored at
Hong Kong, and ultimately brought up in native craft. Were foreign vessels
placed on the same footing they were before the treaty, no doubt most of the
rice-laden vessels would come direct to Whampoa to discharge. In 1860 and
1861 the importation by foreign vessels reached 8C0,000 piculs per annum;
since then the receipts have almost ceased, for the total importation for the last
three years does not amount to 150,000 piculs.
The importation of silk piece goods five years since was large, the principal
portion of the amount brought in being from the Soocliow looms. Here an ex-
pensive kind of silk cloth was manufactured, which was much worn by the
wealthy Chinese of this province. The balance of the importation was from
the other northern cities. The taking of Soochow by the Taiping rebels put
a stop to the manufacture, and the importation from there has ceased. The
total receipts of silk piece goods, which in 1860 amounted to 1,087 piculs,
valued at §760,000, were last year only 363 pieces, valued at $330,000.
In consequenci3 of the small demand from America the trade in fire-crackers
has fallen off from 22,000 piculs, in 1860, to 11,000 piculs, in 1864. The
same reason can be given for the decline in the trade of matting, the export of
which last year was 37,000 rolls, against 87.000 rolls in 1860.
Owing to a bad crop and a decreased demand from America, the export of
raw and thrown silk last year was 2,800 piculs, just one-half of what it was
the year before.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CHINA.
543
The following table shows a large increase in the export of silk piece goods,
ribbons, and sashes. This is in consequence of aa increased demand on the
part of the Chinese at the northern ports :
Description.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
Silk piece dfoods picnls..
Silk ribbons and sashes piculs..
3,334
150
2,348
288
3,537
400
4,369
442
4,149
793
The export of sugar last year, compared with the export of either of the
three pfevious years, shows an increase of 25,000 piculs, or one- third of the
entire trade. The increase can be attributed to a large demand to supply the
markets of Shanghai, Tientsin, and Cheefoo.
The year 1864 shows a falling off in duties and tonnage dues, collected from
treaty vessels at this port, of 222,600 taels, as compared with the previous
year. This falling off is to be accounted for in the exports and opium ; for
there were collected as import duty on merchandise, exclusive of opium, during
the year —
1863 1 22.600 taels.
1864 119,600 "
Balance in favor of 1863 3,100 "
The decrease is mostly in the duties on exports. During the
year 1863 there were received as duty on merchandise leav-
ing the port 670,300 taels
While last year the amount was only 488,700 "
Increase of 1863 over 1864 181,600 •'
In 1863 the import duty on opium was 114,300 tads.
While last year there were collected 74,700 "
Increase of 1863 over 1864 39,600 "
•
On the other hand, the tonnage dues have increased, the amount
collected being —
In 1864 19,900 taels.
In 186J 18,950 "
Showing a gain of 950 "
Coast-trade duty in 1864 25,000 taels
Same in 1863 24,200 '
Increase in 1864 800 "
At the close of the year there remained in first hands 24 chops of Congou
tea, 6,000 half-chests of country greens, and about 4,000 half-chests of other
descriptions, the prices asked being such as to deter purchasers from entering
the market. Had these teas been shipped the export duties would have been
increased about 35,000 taels.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
544 ANNUAL BEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The following tablea show what portion of the trade is done by sailing vessels
and what by river steamere :
DutieMfor the year 1863, exclusive of coast trade and tonnage dues.
Taels. Taelf.
Imports by sailing vessels 16,400
Imports by river steamers 220,600
237,000
Exports by sailing vessels 485,100
Exports by river steamers 185,200
670,300
Total 907,300
Duties for the year 1864, exclusive of coast trade and tonnage dues,
Taels. TaelB. |
Imports by sailing vessels ^ 6,100 :
Imports by river steamers .* 188,000
194,100
Exports by sailing vessels 323,100
Exports by river steamers •• 165,600
488,700
Total : 682,800
By these tables it will be seen that in the year 1863, about five- ninths of the
trade was done by sailing vessels ; while last year the duty collected on goods
by the river steamers was more than half of the total revenue.
During the year 1863, 220 sailing vessels, measuring together 105,990
tons, entered this port, of which 130, measuring 68,654, were in ballast; and
there cleared outward 220, measuring 105,588 tons, of which 77, measuring
41,904 tons, were in ballast ; showing that of 130 vessels coming into port ¥rithout,
53 found employment. Last year does not show quite so favorable a statement.
There were 218 sailing vessels, measuring 93,443 tons, entered, of which 157,
measuring 74,346 tons, were in ballast ; and there were cleared outward 225
vessels, measuring 94,892 tons, of which 108, measuring 46,840, were in bal-
last ; which shows that of 157 vessels entered in ballast 49 took cargo away
with them.
SWATOW— Joseph C. A. Winqatb, Consul.
October 18, 1865.
I have the honor to submit the following report on the trade of this port for
the year 1865. The whole number of American vessels arrived during the
year was 22, with a tonnage of 10,251 tons ; the number of departures, 23.
The number of arrivals was two more than last year, and the excess of tonnage
was 1,992 tons
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CHINA.
545
The arrivals and departures of American vessels since the opening of the
port, January 1, 1860, are as follows :
ARRIVED.
DEPARTED.
No.
Tonnage.
No.
For the nine months ended September 30, 1860 .............
15
10
21
32
20
22
8,927
5,408
11,160
15,890
8,259
10.251
15
For the jear ended September 30, 1861
10
For the year ended September 30, 1862 ,...
For the year ended September 30, 1863
21
26
For the year ended September 30, 1864
24
For the year ended September 30, 1865 '..
23
The number of American vessels now in Chinese waters is small. The
rumored advent of the rebel cruiser Shenandoah must have had its due effect,
both with merchants and owners of vessels. But I believe American vessels
have generally found charters as readily, the past year, as the vessels of other
nations.
The past year has not been a prosperous one for either merchants or vessels ;
and most of the American vessels now here are leaving for the United States,
expecting a demand for tonnage at home, now that peace is restored.
I have heretofore sent to the department the *' return of trade at the port of
Swatow for the year 1864." The following from the commissioner of customs
shows the trade for the year 1865 in a more condensed form :
Imperial Maritime Customs,
Swatow, January 31, 1865.
Sir : The trade report for the past year shows an increase of nearly three
millions of dollars as compared with that for the year 1863.
Comparative statement showing the total annual value of the trade of Swatow
since the establishment of the foreign inspectorate, January 24, 1860, to De-
cember ^l, 1864.
Years.
Value.
Increase.
For the incompleted year ended December 31, 1860
For the vear ended December 31 . 1 861
16,176,293
6,873,984
8,409,343
10,661,816
13,369,499
$697,691
For the vear ended December 31. 1862
1,535,359
For the vear ended December 31 . 1863
2,252,473
For the vear ended December 31. 1864
2,707,683
Tntftl inraiMuiA fnr fivA vRRni . ... ...... ......
7,193,206
Tonnage has also considerably increased within the same period,
standing at the close of 1860 at 74,403 tons.
While the total tonnage of 1864 was 168,944 "
Total increase of tonnage 94,541 "
The total value of the foreign import trade stands at $3,913,175, to be divided
as follows :
35 CB
Digitized by LjOOQIC
546 annOal bepobt ok fobeiqn commerce.
Value of imports from Hamburg, $3,574,768; from Singapore, $117,798;
from Siam, $40,609.
Of the above, the opium imported from Hong Kong only may be
valued at $2,910,930
dotton and woollen gooda 287,431
^Foreign metala 126.243
Cotton yam 165,165
Sundries 423,406
Of native products imported from Chinese ports, the value may be
estimated at 4,597,896
And foreign goods at 21,977
Making a total of coast import trade of 4,619,873
The estimated value of coast and foreign import trade, after deducting $97,102,
the value of re-exports, may therefore be placed at $8,435,946; showing a bal-
ance in favor of 1864, as compared with 1863, of $1,009,207.
The value of native products exported to foreign countries may be
set down at $168,747
And of native products to Chinese ports at 4,764.806
Total estimated at ; 4,933,553
Excess over 1863, $1,598,476.
In comparing the trade of last year with that of 1863, we find an increase in
the importation of opium of 634^ chests, viz : excess of Patna opium of 6871
chests ; of Malwa a decrease of 53 chests. In bean cake there is a decline of
20,568 piculs ; in beans and peas an excess of 41,886 piculs ; in native cotton
7,322.
There has been a large importation of rice for the year, amounting to 107,164
piculs, of which there are 15,950 piculs from Formopa, and from Hong Kong
and the Straits 91,214 piculs. An excess of 241,957 piculs in the export of
sugar may be noted ; the total quantity exported being 681,940 piculs, to be
divided as follows: to Singapore, brown, 2,042 piculs; to Saigon, brown, 248
piculs ; to coast ports, brown, 349,988; white, 329,662 piculs.
Continental shipping is almost entirely employed in the coasting trade, with
the exception of that portion carried on between Hong Kong and this port
with Amoy and Foochow, in which steamers under the British flag are almost
exclusively engaged.
Statement shotcing the natiojiality and number of sailing vessels and steamers
cleared from bwatow during the year 1864.
p ( Hamburg sailing vessels 78
^ ' ( Bremen sailing vessels 18
French sailing vessels 11
Other continental flags 71
178
American steamers and sailing vessels 20
Siamese 7
British sailing vessels 84
British steamers 180
Total number of clearances 469
In the Singapore trade continental shipping is also most exclusively employed,
the British and American navigation laws preventing their vessels carrying a
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
CHINA.
547
BDfficient number of passengers to enable them to compete witb tbe vessels of
other nationalities, on which there are no restrictions in regard to emigrants
enforced.
The steady increase of trade dnring the past five years gives every encour-
agement— provided there are no internal disturbances to interfere with the
transit of goods to and from the interior — to look forward with confidence to a
continued prosperity of the port. • • • • •
During the past year a careful survey of this harbor has been made by her
Britannic Majesty's surveying steamer Dove, and I understand the chart is
now published.
The pilotage regulations, established here soon after the opening of the port,
have served to restrain unqualified persons from acting. The rates of pilotage
now established are from sea to Double island two dollars per foot ; and from
Double island to Swatow anchorage, one dollar per foot. * *
An agent of the Peruvian government has been here with a view to the intro'-
duction of guano in the cultivation of sugar-cane. A quantity has been left
here for gratuitous distribation, with pamphlets, setting forth its virtues and
the manner of using it Should its use prove economical, a considerable carry-
ing trade between this port and the Ghincha islands will spring up.
I wish that some enterpriiiing person would introduce here improved methods
of manufacturing sugar. It is really painful to witness the wasteful and
slovenly manner now practiced in crushing the cane and boiling the sirup.
In some parts of this department planting and other business was more or
less interrupted by the approach of the rebels, but fortunately their successes
in this vicinity were of short continuance.
Statefkent showing the annual total, values, and yearly increase of trade since
the establishment of the Joreign inspectorate on the 2ith January 1860.
f-
Value.
Income^
From January 24 to December 31, 1860
$6,176,293
6,873,984
8,409,343
10,661,816
13,369,499
From Janmurv 1 to December 31. 1861
$697,691
1,535,359
2,252,473
2,707,683
1862
1863
1864
Total increase for five TeRra ........ .........
7,193,206
Tonnage.
1860 74,403tons.
1864 168, 944 tons.
Increase 94, 541 tons.
Foreign import trade.
From Hong Kong, valued at 83, 754, 768
Singapore 117, 798
Siam 40, 609
3, 913, 175
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
548 ANNUAL REPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Of this, opinm from Hong Kong only $2, 910, 930
Cotton and woollen goods 287, 431
Foreign metals 126, 243
Cotton yam 165, 165
General imports 423, 406
Total 3,913,175
Of natiye produce imported from Chinese ports, the valne may be placed at
$4,597,896 ; foreign goods at $21,977; together making the total value of the
import coaat trade to be 84,619,873.
AMOY.
Comparative statement shaunng the value of the imports and exports of Amoy
for 1863 and 1864,
1864 $13,193,436
1863 '. 12,523,5^
Increase of 1864 669,871
Comparative statement showing the number and tonnage of foreign vesseU en-
tered at and cleared from Amoy during the years 1863 and 1864.
Yeani.
ENTERED.
CLEARBD.
Number.
Tonnage.
Number.
Tonnage.
1864
661
677
310,5:19
207,437
655
681
209,290
209,023
1863
16
3,102
26
267
Shewing in 1864 a decrease of 16 vessels and an increase of tonnage 3,102
entered, and a decrease of 26 vessels and an increase of tonnage 267 cleared.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CHINA.
IMPORTS.
549
Description.
1863.
1864.
1864.
Increase.
1864.
Decrease.
Opiam -.-..- ............
Pie. Ct».
3,932 82
2,108 49
73, 187 00
52,951 68
36,216 02
280,560 84
259,044 17
232,522 00
Pie. Ct$.
4,774 64
3,025 00
65,230 00
42,415 00
27,501 00
202, 124 00
306,109 00
150,814 00
Pic. Ci;
841 62
915 51
Pie. Ct8.
Cotton yam
Cotton piece g^oods. .pieces.
Cotton
7,957 00
10,5:^ 68
Metals
8,715 02
78,436 84
T^ans and peas .........
47,064 83
Rice
81,708 00
EXPORTS.
Tea
Sngar candj
Sagar
Nankeens
Hemp bties pieces.
sacking do. ..
China ware, coarse
Earthenware
Paper, first quality
second quality
Medicine
Iron ware
Bricks pieces.
Tiles do..
Tobacco, prepared
Vermicelli
Gold leaf, imitation. pieces.
64, 145 01
53, 052 93
89,845 75
1,100 00
379, 869 00
415,230 00
11,965 53
25,438 01
7,917 03
15,457 36
1,829 25
7,738 39
564,500 00
435,331 00
2,421 41
7,052 07
014, 000 00
63,
49,
88,
2,
1,196,
540,
14,
16,
8,
13,
h
6,
552,
2,461,
3,
2,
51,498,
632 64
650 00
017 00
454 00
100 00
800 00
725 00
362 00
973 00
276 00
959 00
257 00
300 00
300 00
264 00
929 00
000 00
1,354 00
125,570 00
2,759 47
1,055 97
'" "129*75'
842 59
20,"484,'666'66"
10,512 37
- 3,402 93
1,828 75
183,769 00
9, 076 01
2,"i8i"36
i,"48'r39
12,200 00
1,974,031 00
4, 123 07
Table sTiotoing the export of tea for nix years from June 1, 1858, to June 1, 1864.
Pounds.
lS>8-'59 4,154,049
1859-'60 4,393,865
1860-'61 7,198,678
1861-'62 5,199,164
lc^2-'63 5,335,900
lcio3-'64 6,224,435
Digitized by LjOOQIC
550 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Nbwchwang — F. P. Kmght, Cojunh
April 1, 1865.
I hare the honor to transmit the following papers on the commerce of this
port:
The port of Newchwang is situated at the northeast part of the Gulf of
Liantang, on the Liaon river, near its month ; is closed bj ice part of the year,
and is in fact only open with safety to commerce for seven and a half months,
or from the 1st of April nntil the 15th of November.
The bar at the entrance to the river has for several days together, at high
spring tides, twenty-one feet of water, so that vessels loaded to eighteen feet
draught may cross and recross with safety, while those drawing fifteen feet are,
with a fair wind, seldom detained. Approaching the town the Liaon river,
from seven to nine hundred yards wide, has but one curve before reaching
Tingtsze, on its right bank, a distance of abont ten miles from the " deep hole "
inside the bar, forming opposite the town an excellent harbor for a large fleet
of vessels, with a depth of water varying from five to seven fathoms.
Newchwang, the city opened to trade by treaty, is situated by land from
this abont thirty miles, but by the windings of the river the distance is quite
eighty. It was once the great place of trade nearest the mouth of the Liaon ;
but the river near there having gradually become so shallow as to be only
navigable by the smallest craft, is now of no commercial importance.
While the port of Newchwang has not as yet proved one of great trade in
foreign fabrics, it has the advantage of every prospect of increasing in that
respect, from the undisputed facts that the whole of Manchooria, and partic-
ularly the country hereabouts, now very sparsely populated, is annually receiv-
ing constant immigration from Shantung and other disturbed provinces ; these
immigrants coming from the south being somewhat accustomed to imports &om
foreign countries, while the inhabitants or natives of this province are generally
a simple pastoral people, with few wants, and are oftener obliged to procure the
necessities rather than the luxuries of life.
During the winter months, or from the 1st of December until the 1st of April,
there is literally no business of any description done. This is owing to the
fact that the larger merchants wl^ reside in the interior then resort to their
homes, and the roads during the winter are infested with a kind of banditti
called ** sword racks," who rob the trains of carts of their animals or mer-
chandise.
These highway robbers (not to be confounded with the rebels in the south)
have for years existed in this province despite any and all efforts of the local
authorities to arrest them. But their efforts, I suspect, are very weak and in-
efficient. And while I do not entertain any fears of their approaching the
foreign hongs, yet their presence is doubtless a great drawback to the suc-
cessful trade of the place, and it is hoped the imperial government will soon
use stronger measures toward their total suppression.
As the principal trade of this port is in the export of pulse, (peas and beans,)
bean cake, and bean or pea oil, to the southern ports, the carrying tonnage
required is very great ; and now the Chinese, beginning to recognize the many
advantages foreign vessels offer for the purpose over their own, such as safety,
speed, and opportunities of insurance, the junk fleet has greatly decreased,
while the numbers of foreign vessels arriving here increases yearly.
Most of these vessels are chartered by or for account of Chinese, who arc
much liked by masters of ships, and the trade always offers the highest freights
ruling on the coast.
The most suitable vessels for the business are those of from five to ten thou-
sand piculs (133^ lbs.) capacity, having fast-sailing qualities, built with flat
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
CHINA. 551
floors, and requiring little ballast. They must be able to sail cheap, in order
to compete with the hundreds of Danish and Hanseatic vessels which now do
moBt of the canying trade on this coast.
As I have intimated, that while the customs was under Chinese management,
it appeared quite impossible to collect anj reliable information from the neces-
sary sources suitable for a trade report. I am now, through the courtesy of
the foreign commissioner of customs here, provided with a tabular statement of
the returns of trade, a copy of which I have the pleasure to enclose herewith.
In 1862, after the rem'oval of the prohibition to export peas and bean cakes,
which was inserted in the trade regulations attached to the treaty of 1858
between Great Britain and China, the number Qf arrivals of foreign vessels was
eighty- seven, and in 1863 the number was increased to two hundred and six.
Besides these foreign craft, it should be remembered that thousands of junks
visit the port also. But in 1864 the number of arrivals amounted to three hun-
dred and two. of the following nationalities, viz :
American, 21 ; British, 73; Hamburg, 87; Bremen, 27; Danish, 28; French, 9;
Swedish, 8; Mecklenburg, 7; Hanoverian, 6; Prussian, 8; Norwegian, 9;
Dutch, 7; Austrian, 4; Oldenburg, 3; Belgian, 2; Lubeck, 1; Russian, 1;
Siamese, 1.
The total tonnage of American vessels was 7,432^ tons, showing an average
of about three hundred tons to each vessel ; classed, seventeen barks, two brigs,
one barkentine, and one schooner. •
The accompanying printed returns of trade from the opening of the foreign
customs on the 9th of May, 1864, to the close of the year, gives the total value
of the import trade at 709,738 taels, which equals in Mexican dollars at 72 per
cent., the usual rate here, $985,759, while the total value of the export trade
amounts to 1,710,398 taels, or 2,375,552 Mexican dollars. These figures show
the balance of trade to have been greatly in favor of the port during that year,
and necessitated, of course, the large amount of bullion. This I believe is not
the case, but when English and American cotton manufactures are cheaper, the
market will take a sufficient quantity of such goods in barter against the entire
cost of exports and iniports. Ail English cotton goods suitable for China come
here, although the receipts have been small during the American rebellion.
Now as our cotton is likely to be more plentiful, and manufactures conse-
quently cheaper, the impression is general that the demand here will be greatly
increased. Window glass, bar and nail-rod iron, as well as cottons, usually
bring prices above Shanghai quotations sufficient to pay the expense of tran-
shipment, &c.
American cotton goods are usually in first demand throughout the north of
China, but particularly at this port, where many drills, sheetings, and jeans are
bought for Corea. The different manufacturers' marks are as well known here
as elsewere in the east, and command proportionate prices.
The principal exports are peas and beans, which are shipped to every port
along the coast and used as articles of food in different ways, but principally
made into bean curd, much liked by the Chinese ; bean-cakes that are made
from the peas or beans and used for manuring the susar and rice lands
about Foochow, Amoy, and Swatow, and pea or bean oil, which is expressed in
the manufacture of bean-cakes. Besides these three important articles there are
many others, such as rice, barley, cotton, China medicines, wheat, China wine,
millet, chestnuts, fungus, native and Corean ginseng, tallow, melon seeds, mush-
rooms, salted pigs, &c., which foreigners have little to do with, but are shipped
in small lots in nearly every vessel by Chinese, who best understand their uses
and consumption.
In the purchase of cargoes Mexican dollars are not received, pure Sycee silver
in cash transactions being the only medium; but dollars are useful for ships' dis-
Digitized by
^^oogle
552 ANNUAL KEPOBT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
barsements and in small matters. The only exchange business of the port ia
in drafts on Shanghai at fifteen days' sight, at from five to eight per cent,
disconnt. Bills remitted at five per cent, are thought better than Sycee, as,
although Newchwang silver gains at Shanghai in difference of weight and
punty about five per cent., yet the freight, insurance, &c., on a shipment of
treasure is thus saved.
Our mail communications with the south during the summer months are usu-
ally very regular, but in winter the mails are either forwarded, via Tientsin and
Pekin, or perhaps sent from Cheefoo across the straits of Pe-Ghili, to the end of
the promontory, and then brought up overland, a journey of but four days.
The want of a light-ship, buoys, or beacons outside the entrance to this port,
or on the bar, has been very much felt ; and until the pilots became thoroughly
acquainted with the landmarks presented along the coast, vessels not unfre-
quently touched the ground, although the serious disasters have been f^w com-
pared with the amount of shipping visiting here. But, for the benefit of all con-
cerned, I am glad to state that I have received authority from the inspector
general H. I. M. customs to purchase four large iron buoys, and, in concert
with the commissioner of customs, have them properly placed in positions that
will, as far as possible, insure the perfect safety of all inward and outward-
bound vessels. The cost of the buoys will be met by the Chinese govern-
ment in consideration of the amount of tonnage dues received, and their location
made public for the benefit of shiffmasters.
I have wished to close these papers with some geographical description of
this province, bat, with the matter in mind here, chanced to see the commercial
report for 1862, of her Britannic Majesty's consul at this port, whose rare intelli-
gence and distinguished knowledge of the language, literature, and people of
China enables him to collect the most correct information. I propose to forward
to you, with his permission, a portion of his investigations which, to a certain
extent, apply to all treaty residents :
" The considar district of Newchwang embraces the whole of Manehooria,
as bounded by the Yellow sea and the Chit-le gulf on the south, by Corea on
the southeast, by the Russian territories on the east and north, and by Mongolia
on the west ; and it also embraces the extreme eastern portion of Mongolia.
British travellers, whether for trade, for pleasure, or for geographical or other
scientific purposes throughout that region, are likely to travel under passports
issued by this consulate ; and cases of shipwreck on its sea-bound southern bor-
der, together with any difficulties regarding inland travellers, are certain to be
reported to and referred to it by the Manchoo and Chinese authorities.
" Previous to the opening of this port, the only accounts we had of the region
above particularized as the consular district were, unfortunately, scanty notices
of the Romanist missionaries in the service of the Emperor Kang-he, about 150
years ago ; and all the occidental maps which appear of it are merely reproduc-
tions in greater or less completeness of those drawn by them at that period.
Within the last two years the publication of Mr. Ravenstein's work has given
to the British public a few slight notices of the northern portion of the region
lying along the right bank of the Amoor, and a portion of the Sungari valley.
Since the opening of this port the southern portion, from the great wall on the
west, and down the Ta-lien-wan bay on the (south) east, has been several times
traversed by Englit^hmen; and Monkdon has also been visited by them.
" Manehooria consists of three provinces, styled, in the imperial geographical
dictionaries, the Ting-san-sang — the * eastern three proviuces ' of the empire.
These are Shing-king, or Fung-sang, Kirin, and Tsitsikar. Fung-sang, the
most southerly in which this port lies, consists of the seaboard between the
great wall on the west, and Corea on the east, with so much of the interior as
extends to the line of palisades on the northwest where it meets Mongolia, to
about fifty or sixty miles beyond the palisade on the northeast where it meets
Digitized by VjOOQ iC
CHINA. 553
Kirin, and to some twenty or thirty miles beyond the palisade on the east
where it meets Corea. It includes the Leaon peninsula, that which juts down
southward toward the Shang-tung peninsula, dividing the head of the Yellow
sea from the Chit-le gulf, and marked as the * regent's sword ' on many maps.
" Kirin lies to the northeast of Fung-sang, and Tsi-tsi-har to the northwest
of that. Both have been considerably reduced in size by the recent cession to
Russia.
" This province, Shing-king or Fung-sang, as it is here commonly called,
though thus reckoned of Manchooria, is peopled mainly by a population of
Chinese descent. Though less literary, and though rougher in manner than
their countrymen in the valley of the Great river, they differ even in these
points very little from the inhabitants of Shang-tung, the birthplace of Con-
fucious, and one of the oldest portions of China proper. The most of the man-
darins here are Manchoos, but neither they nor the other inhabitants of their
race speak anything but Chinese, and they are hardly to be distinguished from
the Chinamen of the province, either by physical appearance or by manners.
The real Manchooria lay, in fact, in the valleys of the southern affluents of the
Amoor, more especially about the sources of the Sungari and the Hourka, in the
southern portion of Kirin. The region comprised within this province has long
belonged to the Chinese nation ; and 200 years ago it was the Manchoos who
came into it as conquering immigrants, and made it the seat of their state for
some time previous to their becoming masters of China proper.
" As regards the valley of the Liaon itself, this port can have no rival either in
the Russian territories or on the coast of Chit-le gulf. That foreign manufactures
are and have been carried for years by Chinese from this province down the
Sungari, even to the Amoor itself, there can be no doubt, but it is mainly the
Liaon valley that, up to the present time, has supported tlie trade of this port.
And by the Liaon valley is meant that portion of it which lies beyond the north-
western line of the palisade, even more than the portion within the palisade. Chinese
colonization has, during the last fifty years, been going on with great and in-
creasing rapidity in the tract of eastern Mongolia, lying alon^ the bounds of
this province. It has now penetrated from 200 to 300 miles beyond the pali-
sades, in which quarter the Mandarins say a man may travel for eight or ten
days in a northwesterly direction without seeing any difference between the
country around him, between the villages, roads, and cultivated lands and those
which he sees in passing through the oldest parts of this province. To this colo-
nization this commercial and shipping town owes its existence as such, and as
the colonization has been recent and unknown to occidentals, so the existence
even of this town, as a considerable place, was unknown till we came to it in
the beginning of last year. How little it was known is proved by the work of
a very painstaking inquirer, 'The Middle Kingdom,' by Dr. Williams, pub-
lished in 1848. In describing Manchooria he says, * Krnchow is the port of Mook-
den, fifteen leagues from it, and carries on a considerable trade in cattle, pulse,
and drugs. • • • Kaechow, another port lying on the east side of the
gulf, possesses a better harbor, but is not so much frequented.' He altogether
overlooks this town lying between Kinchow and Kaechow, though it exceeds
both in population and commercial bustle, as its harbor surpasses theirs in depth
and safety. This port is the port of Monkden, and of all other cities in the
Liaon valley. The town has a variety of names. By the seamen and mer-
chants of Central China it is called New Kow ; by the seafaring people of the
gulf, SingKDw; by the Mandarins in their proclamations and official letters,
Muh-kow-ying ; but in conversation it is by them, as well as by the shore people,
generally called Ying-tze, and that is the name the foreign residents also use.
But the similarity of the term Ying-tze to that of the river Yang-tse having
seemed to me likely to cause confusion at a distance, I have adopted for letters
a rendering of the first name, New Kow, i, e,, port of Newchwane. Though a
554 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
great deal more than the < Newchwang,' it is that among other tilings, and the
designation has the advantage of bringing in the name of the citj stipulated for
in the treaty as an open port and a consular station.
" One of the most characteristio features of the climate is the prevalence of
strong winds. These folio w» and, we may assume, receive their direction from
the Liaon valley and the mountainft on each side. In the oold season N.KE.
and NE. winds prevails, and in the summer S.SW. and SW.
*' One gi-eat advantage of the clin»ate here consists in the fact that the cold
season is eminently a dry one, and that when rain falls in the warm season the
air becomes dry and refreshing immediately after the cessation of the rain, while
those oppressive periods of damp boat that occur at Shanghai and Oanion for
days* and even weeks, are hero unkuctwu."
Digitized by LjOOQIC
CHINA.
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Digitized by
CHINA. 563
Abstract statement showing the number and nationality of vessels other than
'British and American arrived at and departed Jrom Newchwang from May
9 to December 31, 1864.
Nationality.
Hamburg
Bremen
Danish
French
Sewdlsh
Hanoverian ..
Mecklenburg .
Pmuian
Norwegian . . .
Dutch
Austrian
Oldenburg
^Igian
Lnbeclc
RuHnian
No. of
1 vesselti.
Tonnage.
1 77
21,378
25
7,196
1 23
5,488
9
2,908
1 7
2,012
1 6
1,221
I 7
1,842
6
1,772
i 6
1,619
5
1,204
1 4
1,398
3
896
2
420
1
330
i ^
226
Total I 182 > 49,910
I I
TadB.
Value of Import trade 709,738
Value of export trade 1,710,398
Value of re-export trade 31,228
Chefoo — E. T. Sandford, Consul
OCTOBBK 13, 1865.
The priDcipal articles of export are beans, bean-cake, bean-oil, peas, medicine,
vermicelli, and cotton. Peas can hardly be called an export, they being brought
here in junks from Newchwang and transhipped on board of foreign vessels
for conveyance to southern ports — Swatow and Amoy taking the principal por-
tfon — ^where they are used as manure for the sugar-fields. Now that the re-
striction has been removed as regards the exportation of peas and bean-cake in
foreign vessels, the quantity exported from Chefoo will probably decrease, as
many vessels will be able to obtain charters from the southern ports direct to
Newchwang and back. A large number of mills arc required for the manu-
facture of these cakes. The beans are placed in a cavity in a circular stone, on
the top of which is a huge stone roller, with a stick passing through the centre,
to which a mule is fastened. The beans are crushed by the roller being turned
around, af^er which they are placed in a press and the oil extracted from them.
Then they are ready for the market. They are used to a considerable extent
as food for the horses and mules during the winter, and are regarded as very
nutritious. The oil is used for many purposes— chiefly for cooking and for
lamps. Previous to the war at home a large quantity of cotton was imported
from the south, grain crops being regarded as the most profitable since then.
Prices having advanced to such an extent, a larger tract of country was devoted
to its culture. In point of appearance it is favorable, but not as to staple. It
is shorter than the Shanghai cotton, and its quality is poor. In 1864 a large
quantity was exported ; but the war at home being over, prices have fallen, and
for the nine months of 1865 but little has been exported. Probably in a year
or two it will cease. Medicine is exported in considerable quantities annually,
the province producing a great variety. A very fine^quality of vermicelli is
manufactured here. It is of a pure white, drawn out to a great length and finc-
neas. Large quantities are exported to the southern ports.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
564
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The principal imports are cotton and woollen piece goods, metals, sugars, and
seaweed. The importation of piece goods for the nine months of 1865 show a
very large gain over 1864. The trade with the interior is developed slowly;
but if the depressed state of trade throughout China is taken into consideration,
I think it will be allowed to have developed more than is generally thought.
There is a great desire among foreigners and many Chinese here that Tsinan,
the capital of the province, situated on the Tatsing river, about 150 miles from
its mouth, should be opened to trade. There is an abundance of water in the
river, but at the mouth of which, during low water, on the bar, there is not
more than five or six feet. A greater part of the trade of this port with the in-
terior passes through that city; and as it is some distance from here, it seems
desirable that foreigners might be able to go to Tsinan and introduce their
goods.
The climate of Chefoo is equal, if not superior, to any other port in China.
The harbor is very good — accessible at all seasons of the year, but is exposed
to the northeast winds, which raise a sea in a short time. Lighterage, including
coolie hire, two candereens per picul. No pilotage is required. Commissions
in buying and selliug, 3^ per cent.
Comparative statement showing the nationality ^ number, and tonnage ofvesseh
entered and cleared from Chefoo from March 31 /o December 31, X^QZtfrom
January 1 to December 31, 1864, and from January 1 to September ZO, 1865.
PROM MARCH 31
TO DBCKMBBR 31, 1863.
SNTCRED.
CLXARED.
NaUonaUty.
With cargo.
In ballast.
TotaL
With cargo.
In baUast.
Total.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No. 1 Tons.
No.
1
Tons. No.
Tons.
No. . Tons.
Brlthh
American
Various
100
14
156
33,875
5.810
46,099
38
6
34
10,533
2,754
8,384
1.38 44.408
20 8.564
190 54, 483
100
17
166
34.248 31
7,598 2
47,491 10
8,325
511
2,966
131 42,753
19 ; 8.109
176 50,457
Total
270
85,784
78
21,671
348 1107,455
283
89,337 43
11,802
326 101.319
FROM JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBiSR 31, 1864.
I
Nationality. t With cargo.
I No.
American , 11
British I 122
French { 4
Siamese 40
Hamborg 60
Danish 36
Various I 44
Total j 317
Tons.
4,324
40,204
1.598
17,389
15,976
8,624
11,233
In ballast.
No.
Tons.
2,335
15,593
1,252
8,945
2.300
9,120
39,545
Total.
No.
19
166
8
40
94
46
75
Tons.
6,659
55,797
2,841
17,389
24,921
10.924
20,353
With cargo.
138,884
No.
17
138
6
41
89
45
74
Tons.
6.448
48; 186
1,894
17,735
14, 461
10.536
19, 643
410 1119,103
In ballast
No.
42
666
7,475
493
1,252
739
837
11,462
Total.
No. , Tons.
sol
164
7 '
41 .
95 t
48 I
77 '
7,114
55,661
2,387
17,735
25,713
11,275
90,680
452 140, 563
I
CHINA.
565
FROM JANUARY 1 TO SEPTBMBBR 30, 1865.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
NaUonallty.
With cargo.
In ballast.
Total.
With cargo.
In ballast.
Total.
No.
Tods.
No.
Tods.
No.
11
174
30
44
35
11
29
Tons.
No.
11
167
14
38
34
11
26
Tons.
No.
Tons.
"""966*
295
558
No.
Tods.
American
11
137
28
33
29
9
4.853
47,351
12,705
9,516
6,558
2.185
4,853
61,457
13,434
12, 511
8,122
2,790
7,534
4,853
59,220
5,486
10,631
7,940
2.790
6,723
"3
1
2
11
170
15
40
34
11
26
4 853
British
37
2
11
6
2
3
14,006
729
2,995
1,564
605
1,268
60,186
5,781
11,189
7.940
2,790
6,723
SlnmfWf
RambuiY
Danish
Bremen
Various
26 I 6,266
...
Total
273
89,434
61
21,267
334
110, 701
301
97,643
6
1,819
307
99,462
RECAPITULATION.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
With
cargo.
In ballast.
Total
With cargo.
In ballast.
Total.
No.
Tons. No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
283
410
301
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
Part of 1863
All of 1864
Part of 1865
270
317
273
ft'5,784 78
99,348 131
89,434 1 61
21,671
39,545
21,267
348
448
334
107,455
138, 884
110,701
89,337
119,103
97,643
43
42
6
11,802
11,462
1.819
326
452
307
101, 139
140,565
99,462
Total
860
274,566 Is70
82,463
1,130
357, 040
994
306,083
91
25,083
1,065
311, 166
This table exhibits the shipping for two years and six months, which is all the time the custom-house has
been in the hands of the foreigners.
Summary statement, showing the duties paid at Chefoo from March 23 to
December 31, 1863.
Nationality.
British...
American
Variooji . .
Total.
Coast-trade duty.
Import duty. 1 Export dues. , Tonnage dues.
TaeU, m. c c.
7, 921 5 2 7
3, 189 4 5 6
13, 568 I 7 2
21, 679 1 5 5
Tael«. nucc.
18, 8T7 9 5 2
1, 038 0 3 3
24, 362 1 2 0
TaeU. ia,c.c
23, 168 7 6 5.
6,819 7 8 4
48, 587 7 2 3
TaeU. m. e. c
2, 212 8 0 0
914 7 0 0
6, 121 8 0 0
44, 278 1 0 5 I 78, 576 2 7 2 9, 249 3 0 0
Total.
Tad8. m. c. e.
51. 551 0 4 4
11,961 9 7 3
92, 639 8 1 5
156, 152 8 3 2
PROM JANUARY 1 TO DBCBMBBR 31, 18G4.
Nationality.
Opium.
TaeU. m. e. c.
American ; 150 0 0 0
British I 24,376 6 5 6
French ,
Siamese 1,7115 0 0
Hamburg 1,629 0 0 0
Danish ' 1,381 5 0 0
Bremen I 639 0 0 0
Various | 6615 0 0
Total I 30,549 1 5 6
Import.
TaeU. m. c c.
20 8 6 8
10,253 13 4
499 I 7 9
16, 352 7 3 3
5, 817 8 0 1
3.668 6 0 0
1, 979 1 5 5
2, 503 7 4 3
41, 094 2 1 3
Export
TaeU. m. c. c.
5, 097 3 3 0
32, 784 7 3 3
2,312 0 6 8
16, 898 3 2 0
24, 283 7 2 5
10, 168 6 0 4
3, 738 8 1 4
16, 109 9 5 5
111,393 5 4 9
Coast trade.
TaeU. tn.e.c
3, 043 6 3 5
9, 634 9 8 5
383 2 4 4
1, 165 3 6 9
9, 632 5 2 4
3, 606 5 0 2
2,088 1 4 6
3, 661 2 6 0
Tonnage.
TaeU. m. c c
378 0 0 0
2,748 0 8 1
181 2 0 0
4, 257 2 0 0
2,008 2 0 0
1, 138 4 0 0
442 4 0 0
1,512 8 0 0
33, 219 6 6 5 12, 666 2 8 1 228, 952 6 7 1
Jigitized by V3 ^ V^ V i^
Total.
TaeU. m.cc.
8. 698 8 3 3
79, 798 5 9 5
3, 375 6 9 1
40,385 1 2 3
43, 371 2 5 0
19, 965 6 0 6
8. 887 5 1 5
24. 470 0 5 8
566
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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568 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
MEXICO.
Mexico — M. Ottbbbouro, Cotuul.
Sbftembbr 30, 1865.
In compliance with the consular instrnctions to make a yearly report ahoat
the industrial, agricultural, scientific, and commercial pursuits within this con>
sular district, I have the honor to report that during the present period much
eagerness has heen shown to profit hy the dormant wealth of Mexico. Projects
founded upon the anticipated wants of a future population are daily hrought
forward hy the activity of strangers, who, pressed by necessity, and in the
midst of boundless novelty, would entice capital to undertake enterprises some
of which are not yet authorized by the demands of the inhabitants at large.
Privileges without end are solicited of the government for the development of
coal, petroleum, iron, copper, and other minerals and fossils scattered throughout
the country. Yet distant from the centres of consumption, and difficult of
access, there is little promise that these substances may yield profit either to
the projectors or the community.
Of economical and labor-saving machinery numerous privileges have been
granted for the exclusive introduction of inventions previously patented and in
use in other countries. Of these the most important is the cradle and the
scythe, introduced by an American citizen, and so far the only attempt to im-
prove the processes of agriculture. There is, however, a decided disposition to
encourage improvements. Decrees, liberal in their provisions, invite emigration
and colonization ; though hitherto, as the government cannot offer guarantees to
life and the fruits of labor, on account of the guerilla warfare, they have not
been responded to as numerously as was expected. About five hundred Ameri-
cans, mostly southerners, have come to this city during the last twelve months.
The whole number of emigrants to this city may be set down approximately at
between five and six thousand ; (reliable statistics cannot be obtained.) They
are chiefly artisans, tradesmen, and other dwellers in cities. Such as desire to
cultivate the soil prefer the "tierra templada" and "tierra caliente*' as settle-
ments, from the fertility of the soil, the neighborhood of the sea, and the advan-
tage of railroad communication between Vera Cruz and the capital.
The importations, particularly of French goods, have been greatly increased.
English and German houses complain of a decrease of their business. This is,
however, due to the heavy introduction of goods, lodged at Vera Cruz during
the campaigns of 1861 and 1862, which, from the interruption of the roads, did
not find their way to the consumers, and still linger on the hands of the
importers.
The steamers between the ports of the gulf and New York have been plying
too short a time to justify any remark on the commerce of Mexico and the
United States. From all the information I can gather, I learn, however, that
if we facilitate regular and frequent communication with this country, we cannot
fail to secure a large share of its trade. Great exertions are made to facilitate
communication by railroads. The chief of these, the Vera Cruz and Pacific
railroad, has been assumed by an English company, which engages to construct
it within five years, at a cost of fifteen millions of doUafs. Another concession
has been given for a railroad to Guanajuate. Five miles are in running order
of the Chalco road, which, traversing the city from east to west, follows the
line pursued by the American army a distance of nearly forty miles. This en-
terprise, exclusively Mexican, is designed to strike the "Mescala," and open,
by that river, the communication with Acapulco, on the Pacific coast. The
iron, locomotives, and cars for this road, are imported from the United States.
Lines of telegraph extending to Vera Cruz, two hundred and eighty miles, to
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
MEXICO. 569
Qaeretaro, about fifty-six miles, and to Tolaca, forty-five miles, keep up com-
munication with the capital, while connexion with the Rio Grande will, before
many months, be opened by the line now erecting between Matamoras and San
Louis.
The tariff on imports has not been changed under the new system here. In
May, 1863, a decree was published allowing a reduction of fifty per cent, on
importation duties proper, which are distinct from a great many other duties
which are collected on import goods. No reduction was allowed on the latter.
In November, 1864, the above-mentioned decree was revoked, and the old duties
re-established.
The amount of silver sent out of the country to England is about eleven
millions of pounds sterling during a period of twelve months. Whether this
. amount has been sent there in return for imports, or remitted for safe-keeping
or in exchange for property realized here, is difficult to determine.
According to a statement rendered by the director of the ** casa de moneda,'^
(mint,) an American institution in the city of Mexico, the amount coined during
the year commencing on the 1st of July, 1864, and ending on the 1st of July^
1865, is as follows :
Amount of silver coined $4, 790, 637 45
Amount of gold coined 167, 464 00
Total amount coined 4, 958, 101 45
This capital has greatly improved in appearance. The fruits of the laws
nationalizing clergy property are now daily more visible. Fine stores, hotels,
factories, and dwelling-houses are springing up where formerly convents and
other remnants of past ages have been standing.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
570
ANNUAL HEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
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MEXICO.
571
Vkra Cbuz — ^M. D. L. Lane, Consul,
April 23, 1865.
I have obtained from the books of the custom-house the following statement,
showing the exports to the United States from this port for the year 1864 :
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Gold
i$70,048 31
43,897 43
78,707 00
18,448 50
Silver
Cotton
Hides
pounds..
number..
624,796
20,196
164,352
4,743
89,600
Cochineal
pounds..
208,901 08
2,733 90
2,276 00
19,207 .50
14,447 50
350 00
Tobacco
Vaiiilla beans
pounds..
Coffee 1
Indigo .--- - --
Goat-skins
21,827 00
Sour flour -
1,123 00
Sundries --
42,369 00
Total
524,336 22
The invoice of this consulate shows the following as the value of invoices
shipped from this port to the United States for the same period :
First quarter of 1864 S363. 803 28
Second quarter of 1864 91, 161 26
Third quarter of 1864 58, 196 68
Fourth quarter of 1864 248, 234 48
Total 761, 395 70
Deduct statement from custom-house books 524, 336 38
Add items not in consular invoice book : Gold $70, 048 31
Silver .... 43, 897 43
Tobacco . . 2, 276 00
237, 059 32
116,221 74
Total 353, 281 06
which discrepancies are accounted for by shipments by blockade-runners.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
572 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of merchandise shippeti
to France from the port of Vera Cruz fryr the year 1864.
Description. Quantity. , Value.
Gold 194,175 1-2
Silver 1,7:»,191 77
Silverware 714 l>«>
Cotton pounds.. 91,500 I 43,060 m
Hides number. 1,373 | 1,259 (Ni
Cochineal 164,100 ! 229, i:& (Hi
Jalap pounds.. 1,300 : 1,026 tm
Tobacco 33,175 3,550 («»
Vanillabeans number.. 1,101,550 45,092 ,^i
Coffee pounds.. 7,537 . 1,309 Wi
Sundries 3,750 62
Total ' 2,161,263 01
Statement shoicing the description, quantity, and value of merchandise exportrJ
from the port of Vera Cruz to Great Britain during the year 1864.
Description. | Quantity. Value-
Gold I $1,503,276 le
Silver 1 ; 5,417,M3 7:>
wrought ! ' 1,549 W
Cotton pounds..! 701,982 218,797 tii
Hides number. -I 6,227 8.756 l^f
Cochineal pounds... .355,816 444,761 i:»
Jalap pounds.. 43,293 26,731 4.".
Tobacco pounds..' 30,209 5,658 l''^
Vanillabeans number..' 869,132 64,167 W
Coffee 1,024 250 H'
Sour flour : 240,000 4,000 (•<»
Sundries ' 9,935 im«
I
Total.... 7,705,824 4T
Statement showing the description, quantity, and value of merchandise exportai
from the port of Vera Cruz to Sjyain during the year 1864.
Description. i Quantity. Value.
Gold $315,34-* .V»
Silver, wrought ' 49:^ «n»
Hides number.. 1,772 2..'i00 i\^
Jalap pounds.. 4,444 , 2.5(H> KM^
Tobacco pounds.. 1,375 165 iH»
Vanillabeans number.. 18,750 960 J^>
Cocoa 10,200 2,U»0 »»i«
Sundries 4,921 !•»•
Total ! 328.8-^ :^^
Shipments to Italy consist of $1,650 in gold. ^ j
Digitized by LjOOQIC
MEXICO. 573
RECAPJTLLATIOX.
Exports to the United States $524, 336 22
Exports to France 2, 161, 263 01
Exports to Great Britain 7, 705, 824 47
Exports to Spain 328, 887 50
Exports to Italj 1, 650 00
Total 10,721,96120
March 31, 1865.
Statement shomng the description, quantity, and value of exports from Vera
Cruz to the United States, for the quarter ended Marck 31, 1865.
153 seroons grain 823, 188 71
6,231 hides 8, 753 22
6,000 vanilla beans 127 90
124 seroons cochineal 17, 640 47
38 bales cochineal 5, 684 77
20 bags cochineal 3, 249 85
970 bales goat-skins 48, 059 34
7 packi^es furniture 575 00
6 bales jalap 1, 036 77
274 hides and 4 bales deer-skins 635 00
4 bales deer-skins and 146 bales goat-skins 7, 661 09
175 bales goat-skins, 9 bales cotton, 18 hides 8, 628 46
Old brass and iron 289 00
44 bales rags and 1 box old copper 241 95
1 bale of damaged cotton, lead and iron 452 50
81 bales of goat-skins, and 1 bale deer-skins 4, 122 37
2 seroons of cochineal, 46 bales rags, and 55 hides 696 10
214 hides and 112 calfskins 2, 930 71
Total 135, 973 21
Digitized by LjOOQIC
574
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
NICARAGUA.
San Juan del Slb, (Corinto) — H. W. Bostwick, Vicf'CatuuI,
December 31, 18G4.
Statement showing the description and value of the exports from San Juan del
Sur to the United States ; also the country where produced and whither sent
during the quarters ended Deceynher 31, 1864, March 31, and June 30, 1865,
( compiled frovi invoice returns. J
QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 3], 1864.
Description.
I Country where pro- I Whither sent,
duced. I
Cotton I Nicaragua i New York .
Deer-skins 1 do i do
Cotton I do ' do
Cotton ' do I do
Value includ-
ing costs and
charges.
Total
1326 20
542 74
310 50
491 37
1,670 81
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 1865.
Cotton
Nicaragua
do
New York
....do
(9,441 36
Deer-skins -
942 35
Total
10,383 71
QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 1865.
Cotton
Nicaragua
do
New York
.... do
$5,402 63
601 00
Cotton and deer-skins
Doer-skins
... do ......
ao .-•
1,401 95
Lumber
San Francisco
Liverpool
5,527 87
332 90
Cotton
do
Total
13,466 35
September 30, 1865 .
The harbor of Corinto is formed by the meeting of two estuaries ; Reali jo i s
at the head of one, two leagues distant. Embarketo is at the head of the other,
two and a half leagues from Corinto. At each of these places the imports and
exports are transferred from and to launches. The meeting of these estuaries
at Corinto forms a very spacious harbor, with great depth of water, and large
enough for hundreds of ships to ride at anchor at one time in safety. The
entrance to the harbor is through a narrow passage in a reef of rocks that sep-
arates it from the ocean.
The productions of Nicaragua are cattle, horses, mules, cotton, coffee, indigo,
cocoa, indian corn, sagar, hides and skins, Spanish cedar, mahogany, fustic and
Lima wood.
The exportations are the articles above mentioned.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
NICARAGUA. 575
PRICKS CUBRBXT.
Cotton 22 to 30 cents per pound ; coffee 14 to 15 cents ; indigo $1 to $1 25 ;
sugar 6 to 16 cents ; hides 8 to 10 cents ; deer-skins 22 to 25 cents ; cucoa
$14 to $24 per bushel; indian com SI, per bushel.
PLANTING.
Coffee and sugar planting are increasing. Cotton will be likely to fall off in
quantity the next year, owing to the destruction by the cotton-worm the past
year ; many have abandoned its culture, though considerable has been planted
this month.
EXPORTS.
The horses, mules and cattle exported are taken to Honduras, Salvador and
Costa Rica ; cotton and coffee to the United States, England and France ;
indigo to South American states, England, France and the United States ;
hides to Europe and the United States ; skins to the United States almost ex-
clusively ; Spanish cedar to California and South America, and fustic and
Lima wood to Europe.
PORT CHARGES.
Poit charges 10 cents per ton, lighterage $1 per ton; these charges follow
the goods. Pilotage $1 50 per foot draught of water of the vessel, and charged
both in and out.
TRANSPORTATION INTERIOR.
Freight carried on ox carts 10 cents per ton per mile ; on roads impassable
for carts, on pack-mules, 60 cents per ton per mile. Mules are shipped at this
port from parts of Honduras. Freights to the United States average $40 per
ton. In consequence of the import auty charged in American ports on cotton,
it is now mostly shipped from this port to England and France.
The shipments to and from Europe take the same route as far as Aspinwall,
and are made by the Panama Railroad Company's steamers.
^ORBION TONNAGE.
Since May first, when incumbent commenced the consular duties, eight
foreign vessels have arrived ; their aggregate tonnage about 1 ,650 tons. They
came from France, Germany, Italy, Salvador and Peru. During the same
period of time the American tonnage arriving at this port in the aggregate is
19,459 tons. There are no export duties. Bounties on cotton exported is four
cents per pound ; on coffee 10 cents. These bounties are paid in certificates
that are received in pavment for duties on imports. There is no distinction in
vessels carrying to and from this port. Guns, gunpowder and tobacco are con-
traband articles. Aguardiente, tobacco and gunpowder. There are no sanitary
regulations for this port.
Nicaragua has no public works owned by the state. She has granted to an
English company the right to build a railroad from the Atlantic to the Pacific
ocean.
Nicaragua has but one national merchant vessel. That was built in the
United States, and purchased here, and took the flag of Nicaragua June 13,
IS65. She has no naval or armed vessels.
There is no mint for coining in this state. The money in circulation is
English, Spanish, French and American gold and silver. The latter is brought
here principally to purchase cotton, iiides and skins. The value of the English,
French and Spanish small silver coins are arbitrarily fixed by custom of trade,
without reference to and above their actual value — about ten per cent, compared
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
576 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
with Mexican doUare — ^jet pass in large Bums in payments and purchases.
Nicaragua has no public mails for carrying letters and papers. All foreign
letters are taken from the steamers by the government as they arrive, and pri-
vate carriers thereafter take them to their destination, paying the government
25 cents for each single letter ; 50 cents for double letters, and in proportion as
they increase in size.
There is no machinery for manufacturing in this State ; there is a little done
in private houses by hand labor, spinning and weaving of cotton fabrics for
family use. There are no iron works except for blacksmith shops. Horses
and mules here go without shoes.
American manufactured articles are sold here (currency equal) at from 40 to
50 per cent, above their cost in the United States. Heavy American cottons,
boots and shoes, arc preferred in this market ; so are agricultural implements
and American machinery. Yankee notions find their way here, and displace
like commodities from all other countries. English cotton and woollen goods,
prints, hardware, &c., sell at 40 to 50 per cent, above home cost, and have a
large share of the market. French productions, wines, brandy, shoes, boots
and leather, hats, caps, cloths, fine muslin prints, and fancy goods — prices in
detail are unknown, out range from 40 to 50 per cent, above their home cost.
German goods, cloths, hats, boots and shoes, wines, iron ware, iron furniture,
toys and fancy goods, find market here; their cost prices not ascertained.
They sell for 50 per cent, above their cost in Germany.
Guatemala goods are coarse cloths and heavy woollen blankets, and find a
ready market for considerable quantities. The wool of which these fabrics are
made is of a long, coarse, and harsh staple.
AMKRICAN INTERESTS.
The Central American Transit Company, commencing at San Juan del Norte,
thence river and lake navigation by steam to Virgin bay ; thence by land car-
riage about 14 miles to San Juan del Sur ; California steamers supply passen*
gers and traffic to the San Juan del Sur. New York steamers do the same to
San Juan del Norte, forming a New York and California line ; principal office
in New York.
There is a considerable increase in lands and machinery for mining purposes
by the Americans and English and the natives of the country. At the mines
in Matagotha the Americans have $27,000 invested ; at Sanca Rosa $40,000 ;
at Chantales $20,000. These establishments are reported to be in a prosper*
ous condition, and are increasing their machinery, which is brought from the
United States.
There are two cotton-gins owned by Americans in Leon, one in Masago, and
one in Pulvou. There are six cotton-gins and presses known to this consulate,
four of which belong to Americans.
The United States have a fair share of citizens and capital engaged in the
production of cotton and sugar. A steam saw-mill has oeen erected on the
Plio Grande, or Gulf of Fonseca, by Americans, costing over $12,000; connect-
ed therewith they have an iron steamer brought here in sections and put
together ; she is to carry lumber, tow logs, and convey the mails on the Plio
Grande to La Union, in Salvador.
The absence of a proper treaty between the United States and Nicaragua is
a serious detriment to American interests.
The trade and commerce of the Pacific coast will be very large from Cali-
fornia, Oregon, and Washington Territory, which have already commenced ship-
building and coasting, trading in lumber and other surplus products with the
lower Pacific states of Colombia, Equador, Peru, Yucatan, &c. These lower
countries or states require large amounts of the surplus of the upper states.
The people of the latter will be the carriers.
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.
577
UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.
Panama — W. B. Little, Consul.
Statement showing the description^ quantity, and value of the exports from
Panama to the United States for the quarter ended December 31, 1864; also
the names of the countries where produced and whither sent; compiled from
• qfficicd invoices.
Coantries where produced.
Description and quantity.
Whither sent.
Value, includ-
ing costs and
charges.
irnltcd States of Colombia.
Costa Rica
United States of Colombia.
Ecuador
United States of Colombia
65 bundles India-rubber
4 sacks coffee, 500 lbs
55 hides, 880 lbs
51 ceroons drugs, 6,630 lbs
31 bales deer-skins
48 sacks shells
2 cases books, 2 do. old copper.
20 ceroons ratania root, 2,600 lbs
56 sacks cocoa, 8,529 lbs
3 bales deer-skins, 300
2 doz. cases copper, 603 lbs
33 bales India-rubber
4 deer-skins
29 ox-hides, 522 lbs
3 bales deer-skins, 76 lbs
59,211 lbs. pearl shells
6 tons pearl shells
1 package cigars
17 1 sacks pearl shells
73 packages India-rubber
22,952 lbs. bark
11,400 lbs. bark
10, 173 lbs. India-rubber
17 bales India-rubber
Merinoes
Total.
New York
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
....do
...do
San Francisco
New York
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
...do
...do
...do
San Francisco
$865 10
80 00
70 40
1,890 00
2,006 63
191 05
162 30
780 00
3,016 68
90 00
72 36
1, 100 00
119 00
46 98
230 80
1,.335 71
360 00
44 00
461 30
1,095 00
2,763 60
1,410 00
1,525 95
426 70
52 50
20, 196 06
37 C R
Digitized by LjOOQIC
578
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the description^ quantity, and value of exports from Panama
to the United States during the quarter ended March 31, 1865.
Description.
Quantity.
Value.
Jeweliy boxes.
Pearl shells sacks.
Coffee do.
Coffee bags.
(do.,
bal^:
pkgs.
sacks.
Cocoa
Ivory nuts -
Bark
'earls
.ceroons.
box.
163
18
1
84
1,436
40
14
75
142
1
Opals, fine -
Deer-skins bales.
Do 2 bales and 22 bales rubber.
Do
Do. and hides
Straw hilts doz.
30
$75 00
5:«) 70
293 II
25 00
1,652 10
6,306 85
896 70
^40 00
1,949 6S
475 50
18 75
1,665 98
1,020 9H
7U8 00
1,02<J 40
37 50
770 40
1,060 75
Total.
lb, 807 60
NEW GRANADA.
Cartagena — Augustus S. Hanabbrgh, Consul,
January 10, 1866.
The trade between this port and the United States has not improved since
the close of the rebellion, owing undoubtedly to the high price of all kinds of
merchandise in our country, as well as the superior facilities of trade with
Europe as regards the means of conimuuication. Besides the British West
India royal mail steamers, which call here monthly and bring the United
States mails from Aspinwall, there is a line of merchant steamers from Liver-
pool monthly, bringing freight from England and all parts of the contin<mt, and
carrying a considerable amount of produce on their return. These steamers
touch at Kingston, Jamaica, from which port a steamer has been started lately
to connect with the same line to New York monthly, which has increased the
facilities of trade between that port and Cartagena.
Besides the steamers of the two lines mentioned, there have entered this
port —
From New York 11 vessels, of an aggregate tonnage of 1, 432 tons.
" France 7 " " " 1,474 *'
" Germany 4 " " " 693 "
" St. Thomas 2 " " ** 472 "
" Ciiratjoa 5 " •* " 390 "
" Nassau 3 " " " 258 "
" Aspinwall 15 " " " 054 «•
47 " *' " 5, 673 "
licsides a number of small vessels in the coasting trade. Of the vessels from
New York, but two were under the American flag.
I have not the means of stating the value of the importations from foreign
countries. But the duties collected at this port during the last year were as
follows: ^^^^T
Digitized by V^OOQK:!
NEW GRANADA. 579
Oq importations by vessels from Great Britain $74, 376 60
France 13^102 60
United States 21, 337 72
" " Germany 2, 657 88
West Indies 17, 707 64
•' " Aspinwall 8,050 39
Total.... 137,232 83
Considerable quantities of goods are imported via England from France;
consequently the duties on the same appear in the above table in favor of the
former country. It may also be said that the greater part of the importations
from the free port of Aspinwall are goods from the United States.
During the last year some reformation has been made in the tariff, as also in
the law regulating the collection of customs. Every importation must be accom-
panied by an invoice, sworn to before and certified by the Colombian consul at
the port of shipment, specifying the port of destination, quantity marks and
numbers, gross weight in kilograms, and the class of goods composing the
same. Of each invoice certified the consuls are required to send a copy to the
secretary of the national treasury at Bogota, and another to the collector of
customs at the port at which the entry is to be made. The same course is re-
quired with regard to the manifests of the entire cargo of vessels, and the same
must be in conformity with the several invoices composing the cargo of each
vessel. Goods can only be introduced at the port declared on the invoice and
manifest at the time of certification.
Duties are collected on the gross weight of each package of foreign goods,
which are divided into the following classes :
First class, articles that pay 2 J per cent, per kilogram.
Second class, articles that pay 5 per cent, per kilogram.
Third class, articles that pay 1 0 per cent, per kilogram.
Fourth class, articles that pay 30* per cent, per kilogram.
First class, — Tar and pitch, pumps, hydraulic machinery, agricultural ma-
chinery, mining machinery, mauufacturing machinery, empty bottles, rice, corn,
flour, salt meats, matches, corks, empty boxes, fruits, vegetables, starch and sago,
fish, lime and cement, marble and alabaster, iron unmanufactured, steel unmanu-
factured, empty demijohns, flints, slates and pencils, chalk, barrels, straw for
hats, grindstones, dripstones, oakum and rope yam,^salt and saltpetre, common
bags, mats and matting, and such lumber as is not declared free of duty.
Second class. — Kerosene, blacking, hides and leather, aniseseed, shoe brushes,
Florida water, glass and glassware, brown soap, crockery, furniture, powder,
paints and paint oils, varnish, tallow candles, coffee, tea and cocoa, wine and
beer, hops, wax, matches and tapers, rope and cordage, wrapping paper, composi-
tion candles, looking-glasses less than 20 centimetres in length, iron and copper
manufactured, as hardware and kitchen utensils ; tin, lead, and zinc, unmanufac-
tured ; all kinds of alimentary substances or condiments for food, and all kinds
of liquors not mentioned in any other class.
Third class. — Spectacles, telescopes, percussion caps, quicksilver, fireworks,
pianos, rum, brandy, gin, alcoholic liquors, lead-pencils, organs, wax and sperm,
arugs and medicines, blank books, canes, wool, musical instruments, tobacco,
Buuff, perfumery; articles made of pearls, bone, shell. India-rubber; straw hats
without trimming; coarse linen goods; brushes not mentioned in any other
claPs; letter paper, ink, wafers, sealing-wax, and other office articles not men
tioncd in any other class; iron, steel, lead, tin, zinc, copper, manufactured into
fine ware.
• See fourth class. Digitized by Google
580 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Fourth class, — ^AU articles not mentioned in either of the former claeaea
or declared free are considered as belonging to the fourth class, which, accordinj^
to the law, should pay 30 cents per kilogram; but by an executive decree 15
per cent, has been added to the duties on this class, making 34^ per cent, per
Kilogram.
The following articles are admitted free of duty, viz : Gold and silver manu-
factured or in lawful coin ; passengers' baggage to the extent of 150 kilograms
for each person ; all articles brought by public ministers or diplomatic agents
for their own use ; vessels to navigate the waters of the country, or any pieces
necessary to construct such vessels ; machinery or apparatus necessary for public
works or internal improvements; ice; guano; bricks; tiles; slate for roofing;
mineral coal; seeds and plants for agriculture; live animals; materials and appa-
ratus for binding and printing matter ; timber and lumber for constructing vessels
and houses, boxes, &c., for packing ; the natural products of Venezuela and
Equador ; samples of manufactured textures in small pieces to the extent of 2d
kilograms.
But a very small portion of the productionsfj^f this naturally rich and fertile
country is exported through the port of Cartagena, owing to the difficulty of com-
municating with the Magdalena river, the great artery of the country. There are,
however, two projects for overcoming the difficulty^-one by constructing a rail-
way from this city to some point on the river, which is contemplated by an
English company. It is almost certain, however, that the present amount of
trade would not render such an enterprise a profitable one. The national gov-
ernment, however, have agreed to guarantee seven per cent, on the capital in-
vested. The other project, and the most feasible one, (requiring much less time
and money in carrying it out,) is that of cleaning and navigating by steam the
old canal connecting the bay of Cartagena with the Magdalena river at Calamai,
which has never been navigable, even for large canoes, more than half of each
year, although steamers have succeeded in getting through on several occasions
in favorable seasons.
The realization of either of these projects would bring almost all of the trade
of the interior to Cartagena, and make this the principal port of the country,
for which it possesses peculiar advantages.
During the present year a steamer is to be put on the river Atrato in con-
nexion with this port. This will also tend to increase the commerce of the
place.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
NEW GRANADA.
581
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Digitized by
Google
582 ANNUAL EEPOST ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
VENEZUELA.
La Guayra. — Charles H. Lobhr, Consul.
August 26, 1S65.
A recent law gives the following formula for measoring a reseel of 90 feet in
length, 21 feet in width, and 12 feet in depth : Length, 90 feet, and width 21,
multiplied, gives 1,890; multiplied hj depth, 12 feet =22,680; divided hj 94,
result 24l|| tons ; the Spanish foot being equal to 11 incbeis English, and
the division being 94 instead of 95. The timber, generally, in repairing the
lighters, is called cope, cuji, (cuhi) and charo ; it is very hard and durable, and
is not sold by the foot, but by the piece, (being about 75 cents the cubic foot,)
and will compare with the locust timber of the United States.
The decks are of pitch-pine. There are no ship-yards within the jurisdiction
of this consulate. The lighters are generally copper-fastened, costing about
62J cents per foot ; duty per foot, three cents. Copper sheathing is generally
ordered from the United States. Canvas brought from Germany costs from
$14 to 816 apiece. Venezuelan-built vessels generally sail well, but are un-
equal to the New York pilot-boats in speed. They do not carry as much in
proportion to their tonnage as vessels of the United States, and generally last
from 20 to 25 years. There are no shipwrights here, only two boat-builders,
who arc employed in building and repairing lighters. One is an American aud
the other a Creole.
Shipwrights* wages are, for master carpenter three dollars, and for his work-
men two dollars per day. The greater part of the workmen are from the
island of Curacjoa, where vessels requiring repairs generally go. It is seldom
American vessels can be sold here ; they are generally ordered. Lighters built
here only carry from 40 to 50 barrels, and are employed in loading and unload-
ing the vessels in the port. For the construction of these little crafts they
import their materials from the United States.
The whole of the inward cargoes of the United States vessels are rarely dis-
charged at this port ; the general practice being to land a portion and take the
residue to Puerto Cabello, where the homeward cargoes are completed.
Trade is very dull, freights are scarce, and business inactive. * * *
General review of the trade of La Guayra during the year ended September
30, 1865.
IMPORTS.
The gross value of imports (in 207 vessels of 55,784 tons measurement) from for-
eign countries amounts to $5,023,779 32, showing an increase of $1,423,640 12
as compared with the importations of the year 1864, which is attributable to
the termination of the civil war and encouraging legislation.
There is an increase of 518 tons in shipping, owing to the great capacity of
the monthly Liverpool steamers and the semi-monthly St. Thomas packet. The
amount of duty is $2,193,612 84, being an increase of S663,260 35 over that
of the year 1864.
The value of imports from the United States, in forty vessels of 10,889 tons
burden, amounts to $1,535,139 67, showing an increase of $233,241 63. This
has arisen from the very high price of flour aud other imports during the year,
and greater demand.
DESCRIPTIOxV OF IMPORTS.
Flour, 53,385 barrels ; kerosene and petroleum, 43,768 gallons ; also wheat,
barley, rye flour, com meal, biscuits, hams, Manilla rope, oakum, varnish, ale,
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
VENEZUELA. 583
beer, cider, sperm candles, cotton shirking, madapollams, checks, butter, lard,
soap, tallow, beans, peas, cbeese, codfish, oysters, patent medicines, cinnamon,
cloves, nutmegs, black pepper, shoes and hats, brooms, furniture, hops, pickles,
seeds, figs, sarsaparilla, soda, steam-engines, cutheiron, magnolia and Florida
water, coal, lumber, cigarettes, stationery, paints and oils, carriages, carts,
wheelbarrows, cotton gins, iron bars, fire-crackers, acid, cassia, matting, drills,
tapes, thread and braces, hosiery, about 20,000 pieces twilled plain unbleached
domestics; also coffee-bagging, canvas, bunting, carpeting, sewing-machines, hard-
ware and iron machinery, such as pots, hoes, nails, mill works, sugar-boilers,
stills, sheet lead, copper sheathing and nails, tin in sheets, tin-ware, revolvers,
anchors, lamps, chandeliers, and bells. Of shipping there is a slight decrease
of 972 tons.
From Great Britain there was imported in 22 vessels of 11,495 tons measure-
ment merchandise to the value of $1,415,859 35; showing an increase of
$198,271 64, and of shipping of 1,360 tons.
The principal imports were printed calicoes, muslins, handkerchiefs, mada-
pollams, shirting, pladillas, britannias, long cloth, blankets, bed-quilts, table-
cloths, damask, salumporcs, laces, parasols, linen, ladies' broadcloth and cas-
eimeres, baize, cutlasses and white-handled long knives, scissors, crates, powder
in kegs and flasks, fowling-pieces, pistols, blunderbusses, spars, fish-hooks,
porter and ale, beaver hats, silk parasols, ribbons, thread and braces, ship-
blocks, &:c.
The value of imports from Hamburg (in 4 vessels of 390 tons burden)
amounts to 872,909 98, a decrease of $143,490 13. As the shipping shows
126 tons less than in 1864, this trade* is of little consequence and unpromising.
From France there arrived 19 vessels, of 4,804 tons, during the year, with
perfumery, trinkets, wines, liquors, oil, paints, stationery, and fruit preserves.
From her colonies 5 vessels, of 1,270 tons, with shipments of perfumery, shoes
and boots, masks, hats, coarse earthenware, coins, liquors, &c., to the value of
$566,671 21, a total increase of $73,216 55^ and in shipping of 793 tons.
The value of imports from Spain and l^er colonies (in 17 vessels of 3,906
tons) amounted to $187,013 62, consisting of wines, liquors, vinegar, preserved
fruits, garlic, nuts, oil, leeches, fire-crackers, silks, paper, and Spanish playing
cards, a decrease of §210,467 11, and in shipping of 2,413 tons.
The direct trade with the island of Cura9oa is far more important than the
traffic with Holland, which is very insignificant. The value of imports (made
in 25 vei^sels of 2,586 tons) amounts to $117,652 87, a decrease of $25,388 20,
and on the shipping of 489 tons.
The articles imported from CuraQoa consist of the productions of all coun-
tries, principally of Great Britain and Germany.
There have been no arrivals direct from Denmark, and the value of imports
from St. Thomas (in 23 vessels of 5,983 tons) is $155,176 25, an increase of
$47,360 52, and in the shipping of 1,117 tons. The articles of St. Thomas are
principally British manufactures, osnaburgs, French wines, liquors, German
linen goods, &c.
The trade with Italy in the year 1864 was not worthy of notice, for only
two vessels were then engaged in it. This ye^r the shipments (in 7 vessels of
1,411 tons) amount to $161,665 50, an increase of $95,470 18, and in the
shipping of 871 tons.
These imports consist principally of wines, oil, maccaroni, perfumery, silk
hats, almonds, figs, jewelry, shoes, masks, ladies' bonnets, adamantine candles,
and fancy articles.
The imports from St. Domingo (in 4 vessels of 443 tons) amount in value to
$16,100 47, a decrease of $2,715 86, and of 97 tons in the shipping.
The articles imported consist of the productions of various countries, but
principally in wines, liquors, and rice. ,
Digitized by V^OOQIC
584 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
The value of importe into Venezuela (in 15 national vessels of 3,933 t^ns)
from foreign countries amounts to 875,0i0 18, an increase of $9,842 17, with a
decrease of 109 tons in shipping.
The coasting trade of this republic amounts to 81,472,690 14 in value, being
an increase of 8270,040 75.
EXPORTS.
The gross value of exports (in 188 vessels of 51.587 tons) for the year
amounts to 85,078,356 78, an increase of 8876,432 20.
In shipping there is an increase of 6,403 tons, attributable to the fact that a
great number of soldiers have returned to productive labor.
The duty on exports amounts to 81,887,430 26.
The value of exports to the United States (in 39 vessels of 10,617 tons
measurement) amounts to 8452,517 39, a decrease of 8289,361 89, and in ship-
ping there is also a decrease of 1,699 tons. This decrease is attributable partly
to a diminished crop, and partly to the products of this country finding in
Europe a better market.
The exports were coffee to the amount of 585,361 lbs. ; cotton, 164,914 lbs. ;
cocoa, 66,154 lbs. ; indigo, 5,000 lbs.; 28,807 hides and skins ; also palm oil,
plants, seed, chocolate, raisins, and conserves.
There have been exported to the United States 8209,269 81 in American
gold.
The value of exports to Great Britain (in 20 vessels of 10,370 tons measure-
ment) amounts to 81,056,805, an increase of 8167,430 35. There is also
an increase of 1,853 tons. These exports. consisted of coffee, cotton, deer-skins,
lignumvitsB, divi-divi and dyewoods, cebadilla, chocolate, and conserves.
The value of exports to Hamburg (in 26 vessels of 5,896 tons measurement)
amounts to 81,196,309 10, a decrease of 840,454 60, with the increase
of 957 tons in shipping. When the tobacco crop is affected, the trade with
Hamburg, Bremen, and Altona suffers. The exports were coffee, cocoa, cotton,
tobacco, hides, deer and tiger skins, fustic, horn, wool, and chocolate.
The exports to Bremen (in 3 vessels of 650 tons) amounted to 8195,448 87,
a decrease of 846,430 21, though the tonnage is nearly the same as last year.
The exports are coffee, cotton, indigo, lignumvitae, and divi-divi wood, choco-
late and cocoanuts.
The exports to France and colonies (in 25 vessels of 7,553 tons measurement)
amount to 8347,583 38, an increase of 8203,910 14, with 1,740 tons more of
shipping. They consisted of coffee, cotton, cocoa, indigo, hides, deer and tiger
skins, dye-woods, chocolate.
The value of exports to Amsterdam and Cura^oa (in 21 vessels of 2,306 tons)
amounts to 8145,333 13, a decrease of 887,266 12, but an increase of 437 tons
in shipping. The exports were coffee, cocoa, raisins, starch, chocolate, hides,
dye-woods, wool, and cocoanuts.
The value of exports to Altona and St. Thomas (in 18 vessels of 5,778 tons)
amounts to 8308,817 01, a decrease of 87,171 82; with an increase of 1,315
tons in the shipping. The exports consisted of coffee, cotton, coca, lignumvita?,
divi-divi and dye-woods, hides, skins, wool, chocolate, conserves, and cocoa-
nuts.
The value of exports to Italy (in vessels of 1,645 tons) was 8190,519 69,
exceeding the previous year by 854,366 10. There is also an improvement in
shipping of 386 tons. The exports consisted of coffee, cocoa, indigo, chocolate,
cebadilla, divi-divi and dye woods, raisins, and conserves.
The exports to the island of San Domingo (in 4 Venezuelan vessels of 443
tons) were in value 810,216, and consisted of coffee, cocoa, indigo, wool, starch,
d chocolate.
The gross value of exports (in 8 Venezuelan vessels of 2,388 tons) was
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
VENEZUELA. 585
864,534 15, nearly the same as in 1864. The productions of this country were
shipped in national vessels to various ports, and consisted of coffee, cocoa, cotton,
indigo, hides, deer and tiger and goat skins, wool, starch, fustic, lignumvitse,
cebadiUa and divi-divi wood, chocolate, cocoanuts, palm oil, and conserves.
The value of exports to Spain and her colonies (in 17 vessels of 3,906 tons)
amounts to $610,499 03, an increase of 893,677 10; a decrease of 386 tons in
shipping. The exports were coffee, cotton, cocoa, indigo, deer-skins, cebadilla,
lignumvita;, starch, and chocolate.
The statement of trade between the United States and this port exhibits an
increase of imports arising, in my opinion, from the augmented demand and con-
Fumption of the principal American staples, flour, kerosene, refined petroleum,
&c., and at the same time a decrease of exports compared with last year. This
decrease may be attributable to thc^ scarcity of the crops, but also, to a great
extent, to the low prices of Venezuelan products in the United States market,
most of its vessels having been despatched this year in ballast or with very
small cargoes. In addition to this but little American gold was received to be
invested in shipments to the United States, in consequence of the derangement
of commerce between the two countries. There has, however, been exported to
the United States the current year $209,269 81 in American gold.
During this period 40 vessels, of the aggregate tonnage of 10,889 tons, have
arrived from the United States. Total value of imports for year ended Septem-
ber 30, 1865, $1,535,139 67. Total value of exports for year ended September
30, 1865, $751,879 28.
Total number of arrivals during the year ended September 30, 1864, was 44,
of an aggregate tonnage of 11,861 tons. Total value of imports $1,401,897 99.
Total value of exports $751,879 28.
The act of Congress of June 29, 1863, removed the export duty on money,
and raised the duties on other exports, as follows :
Cotton, per 100 pounds $0 50
Starch, per 100 pounds 1 20
1 digo, per 100 pounds llj
Oil of copaiva, per 100 pounds - 6
Cocoanut oil, per cargo of 80 bottles 2 50
Oil of sassafras, per pound 6
Horns, per himdred 25
Asses, each 4 00
Cocoa, per 100 pounds 3 00
Coffee, per 100 pounds 1 25
Horses and mares, each 16 00
Cebadilla, per 100 pounds 1 00
Cocoanuts, per 100 25
Hides, each 75
Deer-skins, each 25
Skins of other kinds, each 10
Divi-divi, per 100 pounds 15
Timber, ad valorem : 15
Wheat, per 100 pounds 12
Mules, each 12 00
Lignumvitae, per ton 1 80
Fustic, per ton 1 00
Dye-wood, per ton 1 50
Tiger-skins, each 1 50
Peruvian bark, per 100 pounds 2 00
Jipijapa (Panama straw) hats, per dozen 2 00
Sole-leather, per side 75
Digitized by LjOOQIC
586 ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Leaf tobacco, per 100 ponnds S3 00
Vanilla, per pound 50
Sarsaparilla, per 100 ponnds 6 00
Gum, resin, and other medical substances, per 100 pounds 4 00
Articles not specified in the foregoing pay 10 per cent, ad valorem.
The^e rates arc not in addition to, but in substitution of, the former duties.
(All export duties are payable in cash.)
Import duties have been raised from 50 to 100 per cent. The former extra
import and export duties have been abolished.
The act of June 29, 1S63, also provides that all articles of importation declared
free by the executive decree of August 14, 1860, as precious metals, coined, in
bars or dust, printing materials, printed books, and all machinery exempted
from duty by the legislative decree of February 22, 1851, are subject to 15 per
cent, duty ad valorem.
The executive decree of April 12, 1860, grants the following extension of
terms for the payment of import duties :
Ordinary duties up to $200, cash ; up to $2,000, three months ; up to $3,000,
four months; up to §4,000, five months; and for all sums above S4,000, six
months.
Subsidiary duties up to $400, cash ; up to $600, 30 days ; and sums exceed-
ing $600, 60 days.
The executive decree of June 29, 1863, continues to exempt from duty of
every description rice, maize, Indian com, beans, peas, potatoes, salt beef, and
animals for the improvement of the breed.
The act of August 14, 1865, declares Tia Guayra, Puerto Cabello, Maracaibo,
and Ciudad Bolivar the only ports of entry.
No further addition has been made to the articles prohibited from importation,
viz., salt, cocoa, coffee, indigo, sugar, honey, sirup, molasses, rum and all its com-
pounds, except in bottles.
The merchandise on hand may be valued at about $7,000,000.
Maracaibo — R. A. Edes, Consul.
Summary statement shotoinff the description, quantity t and value of the exports
at the port of Maracaibo to the United States during the quarter ended
December 31, 1864, compiled from authenticated invoices.
Coffee, 2,231 bags and 279,750 pounds $52, 344 67
Cocoa, 167 bags and 20,064 pounds 1 1, 555 )iO
Hides, 3,375 pieces and 102,777 pounds 9, 994 61
Fustic, 468 tons and 18 cwt 9, 832* 43
Divi-divi, 609 boxes and 60,197 pounds 1, 686 03
Deer-skius, 2 packages and 196 pieces 140 00
Total amount 85. 553 03
Digitized by LjOOQIC
VENEZUELA.
587
Puerto Cabello— A. Lagombe, Vice-Consul,
Statement shorcing the description^ value, and countries of production of the
imports at Puerto Cabello during the last three quarters of the year ended
September 30, 1865.
Where produced.
For the quar-
ter ended
March 31,
1865.
For the quar-
ter ended
June 30,
1865.
Ills-
Total.
Provlilonji, flonr, &c ..............
United States
Netherlands, West
Indies, and Guiana.
Netherlands
$95, 506 29
5, 014 25
$79,441 13
8, 446 25
10, 445 00
14,207 59
35. l>:>.i 85
115,714 89
246, 8-26 59
49, 157 45
$133,596 17
2, 816 56
32,830 50
24, 6(J8 32
18, 573 00
101,3:V> 38
114,871 45
19, 138 63
$208, 543 59
16,277 06
43,275 50
Provinioni} and miscellaneous
Liqaors and miscellaneooB
Drv goods and provisions
Danish West Indies.
Spain
Oermany
Great Britain
France
9. 997 43
38. 590 23
101, 464 48
156, .594 a3
25, 725 77
48,813 34
Provlijions dried fmlt, Ac. - - -
93 116 08
Provijiionji, dry goods, &c
318,515 75
Hardware, dry goodn, &c
518,292 07
Provisions , wine, oil, brandy, and silk
94,021 85
Total
432, 892 48
560, 191 75
447,771 01
1, 440, 855 24
Note. — It is to be observed that the<(e values are taken from manifoi^tH proseuted at the Gustom-bouse,
which are made out generally from 30 to 50 per cent, less tlian the true value of the goods.
Statement showing the description, value, and destination of exports from Puerto
Cabello during the last three quarters of the year ended ^September 30, 1865.
Description.
Coifee, cotton, cocoa, hides, &c.
Coffee, cotton, cocoa, hides, &c.
Coffee, cotton, indigo, hides, &c.
Coffee, cotton, cocoa, liides, &c.
Coffee
Coffee, cotton, Ac
Coffee, cotton, &c
Coffee, cotton, hides, &c.
Gold coin
Total.
Whither ex-
ported.
France
German V
United States..
Spain
Danish W. I...
Great Britain . .
BritiMh pos'ns —
Gibraltar.
Italy
United States..
It
O ■♦-• F^ r-l
$247, 560 00
7(r7, 843 00
I86,8,i8 00
155, 497 00
614 50
297, 910 00
30, 668 00
135, 006 72
IP
$677, 727 94
816.261 74
1:J9, 371 20
80, .386 76
133 75
18<I, 939 90
52, 134 72
59,983 15
62,440 16
Total.
$304,801 27 , $1,230,089 91
2:i9, 047 06
3.W, 142 56 !
18,510 46 I
579 51 '
269, 550 37
1, 823, 151 80
676,371 76
2M,394 22
1,3-27 76
754, 400 27
52, 134 72
90,651 15
197, 446 88
1,821,957 23 i 2,075,379 32 1,182,631 33 I 5,080,067 T3f
Note. — The value is computed in Venezuelan doUeu^ equal to $2 74. 42 United Statea currency.
Digitized by LjOOQIC
588
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Statement showing the nationality, number, and tonnage of vessels arrived from
and departed to foreign ports foom Puerto CaheUo during the second and
third quarters of the year ended September 30, 1865.
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 1865.
Nationality.
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
Remarks.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
Yenezaelan
Danish
4
3
16
10
4
1
2
549
549
5,577
686
1,113
146
484
2
6
10
6
4
5
5
1
454
1,084
4,226
1,329
1,108
891
996
156
To and ftt)m United States ; 2 to and
Cura9oa.
To and from Liverpool, Hamburg, and
New York.
To and from Liverpool and United States.
To and from Cura^oa and Holland.
To and from France.
To and from Spain.
To and from Hamburg, Bremen, &c.
To and from Italy.
British
Netherlandish . . .
French
Spanish
German
Italian
Total
40
8,104
39
10,244
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 1865.
Venezuelan . . .
Danish
British
Netherlandish .
French
Spanish
Gorman
Total
2
239
1
224
4
590
6
1,074
14
5,172
7
2,716
14
1,195
4
1,082
6
1,751
12
3,2'i5
1
153
3
846
5
401
6
1,695
46
9,501
39
10,862
To and from New York.
To and from Hamburg and England.
To and from United States and England.
To and from England and Hamburg.
To and from France.
To and from Spain and Italy.
To and from Hamburg.
BRAZIL.
Bio Janbiho— J. Monroe, Consul.
Tabular statement showing the exports of coffee from Rio Janeiro to Europe
the United States, and elsewhere, for the year 1864.
EUROPE.
Bags.
Antwerp - 7, 514
Bordeaux ; 20, 492
Channel for orders 317, 699
Cadiz for orders 2, 700
Hamburg 5, 552
Lisbon for orders 42, 145
Mediterranean 233. 325
North of Europe 89, 394
North of France 126, 209
Portugal 1 1 , 203
Liverpool 10, 934
Southampton 4, 154
871, 321
Digitized by LjOOQ !(:!
BRAZIL.
589
UNITED STATES.
Bags,
Baltimore 93, 683
ban Francisco 9, 725
Delaware breakwater 2, 842
New York 399, 605
Philadelphia 13, 503
Sandy Hook for orders 13, 799
ELSEWHERE.
Cape of Good Hope
Matamoras
River Plata
Smyrna
St. Thomas
Bermuda
533,
157
33,
218
6,
600
13,
028
5.
000
15,
600
3,
014
70,
460
RECAPITULATION.
Europe 871, 321
United States 533, 157
Elsewhere . . .". 76, 460
1, 480, 938
Tahular statement sJioicing the im^yortations of flour into Rio Janeiro for the
several months of the year 1864.
Months.
From the
United States.
From other
countries.
Total.
January ..-
February ..
March
April
May ,
June
July
August
St-pteniber .
October ....
November . ,
December ..
Total
BarreU,
21,393
4,814
36,376
22, 093
33,685
31,953
26, 021
19,706
]9,221
14, O&i
26,294
13.579
248,117
Barrels.
6,257
2,600
4,387
3,415
12,367
5,768
8,216
9,175
9,118
6,000
67,303
Barrels.
27,650
7,414
36.376
26,480
37,100
24, :J20
31,789
27,922
28, 396
24,100
26,294
17,579
315,620
Digitized by LjOOQIC
590
ANNUAL EEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
Maa
ANHAM — Wm. H. Evans, Consul.
Statement shoxci'ng the description and value of the exports from Maranham to
the United States during the quarter ended September 30, 1865, tcifh the
names of the country where produced^ and the port whither shipped, compiled
from official documents.
Description.
Where produced.
Whither shipped.
Value, inclnd-
\\\^ costs and
charges.
Deer-skios. -
Brazil
New York
do
do
§147 --<»
Hides
Rice
...do
.. do
1, 149 69
l'i5 25
Total-...:
1,422 74
URUGUAY.
Montevideo — 0. W. Parsons, Jr., Vice-Consul.
August 19, 1865.
Comparative statement showing the number of American vessels arrived at tit
port of Montevideo from 1854 to 1864, inclusive, together with the amount
of annual imports into and annual exports from Montevideo to the Unitfd
States in American bottoms during the same period.
Years.
(8
1
§
a
(^
35
37
39
38
31
100
7«
13-2
72
(«
2o
It
2 ®
Cm
1
&
37
43
44
42
34
115
87
lfi2
96
79
34
Imports into Montevideo
from the United Statea
In American bottoma.
Value.
i
Exports from Montevideo
to the I'nited States iu
American bottoms.
Value.
1854...
2
6
5
4
3
15
11
30
24
17
9
f454, 056
403, 587
589,125
$4<vi. "■• '»
18.M...
ie,)6...
5jy, tK^>
1857...
No rotums
No returns
1858...
do
do
i8:.y...
i8r)0...
18()I...
From July 1 to Dec 31. .,
From Jan. 1 to Sept 30 . .
No returns
2(r?,277
1,220,800
From July 1 to Dec. 31 . .
From Jan. 1 to Sept. 30 . .
No returns
18t)2...
1863...
From Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 . . .
531, 640
1. 983. 527
209, 721
From Oct. 1 to Dec 31 . . .
2lLrt'7
1864...
Gold
Gold "
Total .
647
126
773
5,659,733
o 5i|> Nt7
Statement of exports of gold from Montevideo to the United States in foreign
vessels.
From Sentcmber 11 to December 31, 1803 PsVIS.'mvI
Dm iug the year 18(54 1 , 1 31 . :>: ll
Total l,t»l.44;i
Digitized by LjOOQIC
PERU. 591
PERU.
Gallao — James H. McColley, CojuuL
December 31, 1865.
I have the honor to report to the department that I find it a difficult matter
to arrive at any exact conclusion as to the trade of this country. This is owing
principally to the want of precise records of imports and exports being kept, to
the state of revolution which has jus tended, and the foreign troubles with which
the country has been and is menaced.
Business in general this year has been very dull, which is due to the internal
commotions, as well as to the unsettled state of affairs with Spain. Since the
new government came into power things look worse than formerly for the peace
of thid as well as of its sister republics on this coast.
A great desire is manifested by Peruvians to form a more close alliance than
has hitherto existed with the United States; and were our merchants to turn
their attention more to this country I have no doubt they would find it quite
profitable. At present no foreigners stand higher in public opinion than citi-
zens of the United States.
A new contract has been made to ship guano to the United States, and it is
expected they will require large quantities, as it is now over three jeara since
any was sent there. This will give profitable employment to our ships, and it
is with pleasure that I perceive more of them coming here than formerly ; for
during our civil war almost all business was carried on under foreign flags, al-
though no doubt many of these ships were owned by Americans.
Owing to the Spanish difficulties with these countries several Chilians, Peru-
vians, and others have sold their vessels to citizens of the United States, which,
in conformity with articles 663-668 of consular instructions, have been put un-
der protection of the flag of the United States, as property of citizens. Wher-
ever I have granted such certificates I have been extremely careful to carry out
the laws in toto, as expressed in said instructions, and, although they are of
rather an ambiguous character, I have endeavored to interpret them in the sense
in which they were given.
I take great pleasure in informing the department that the benevolent society
of this place has opened a large and a very fine hospital at this port, of which
this consulate will avail itself whenever necessity requires.
A new dock built of iron, and owned principally by the British " Pacific Steam
Navigation Company," will be ready for use very soon. It is a great under-
taking and does honor to its builders. Its length is 300 feet, breadth over all
100 feet, between the wings 76 feet. It has the capacity of receiving a vessel
of 6,000 tons' weight. The company will be prepared to supply all description
of stores, and execute every kina of work connected with iron or wooden ships.
Terms, it is said, will be moderate.
A grant for a new railroad has also been conceded to run from Cerro Azul, a
minor port south of this, to the valley of Cauete, where the largest sugar estates
are situated. This grant has been made to an American engineer, and it will, no
doubt, be of great importance, for that part of the country is very rich in agri-
cultural products.
A decree has been published, to take effect on the 1st day of March, 1S66, im-
posing an export duty of three per cent, ad t^alorem on the following articles,
viz., coined and bar silver, cotton, wool, refined and crude sugar, rice, tobacco,
and saltpetre. Also another, to take effect from the 1st of April, 1SG6, causing
the decree of the 14th of February, 1863, in regard to the coin called "sol,"
of ^Q fine, to be strictly enforced, and that no Bolivian money will be admitted
Digitized by LjOOQI(:!
592
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
after that date in payment bj the treasury of the republic. The sol is calcu-
lated to be equal to one silver dollar.
The new government appears to be using great exertions to stop the abuses
which have for so long a time held sway in this country, and I am of opinion
that the present chief of the republic is endeavoring to do his utmost for the
welfare of Peru.
It is with much pleasure that T have to communicate to the department that
efforts are making to establish an American line of steamers upon this coast,
and, from what I can learn, with a probability of success. It will be a joint
stock company, and it is their intention to apply to the United States govern-
ment for a mail subsidy. They offer advantages to our navy in the South
Pacific, which, you are aware, is entirely dependent on the present British com-
pany for its correspondence ; and in case of difficulty with Great Britain or
France, our con-espondence, as well as that of the navy, would be left on the
Isthmus. The French government pay a large subsidy to the present com-
pany, and you can see at once how dangerous it would be to be dependent on
an unfriendly nation for our despatches or any other information. 1 sincerely
trust this project may meet with success, and that the government of the United
States may give it the necessary aid.
Statement shotcing the imports from and efforts to the United States from
CaUao during the year ended December 31, 1865.
IMPORTS.
m
EXPORTS.
Description of merchandise.
Value.
Description of merchandise.
Value.
General assortment. ........
8517,000 00
Cigars ---
$255, 027 74
.5,(550 97
Oil painting
Nitrate of soda .
137 191 50
Dry hides
9,667 37
1 562 10
Cotton
Cotton Q^oods ...... ---- ....
27» 00
Whale oil
28, 025 57
10,000 00
37, 000 00
7,401 53
Coal
Assorted ...... ...... ......
Calisava hark ....... ......
Guano ............ .......
884, 000 00
Total
Total
517,000 00
1,375,801 78
Statement showing the description and value of exports from Callao and other
Peruvian ports to the United States for the year 1865.
Names of ports.
Callao
Iquique...
Arica
Islay
Hnaneryo.
San Jose . .
Paita
Total.
Description.
Guano, silver, &c
Saltpetre, &c
Wool, cascarilla, &c .
Wool, silver, &c
Orchilla, tohacco, &c.
Sugar, tohacco, &c . .
Cotton, hides, &c
Value.
$22, 055, 300
5,816,215
1,823,200
1,412,114
309, S>3
261,574
1,143,261
32,821,517
Digitized by LjOOQIC
PERU.
593
Statement showing the number of arrivals and departures of American vessels
at the port of Callao, also their destination, during the year ended Decem-
ber 31, 1865.
ARRIVALS.
DEPARTURES.
Several quarters.
No. of
vessels.
Destination.
No. of
vessels.
Cargo.
Quarter ended March 31. 1865. ..
23
33
25
29
En&rland
5
2
11
1
1
2
1
Guano.
France
do.
Germanv
do.
Genoa ....... ......
do.
New York
Ballast.
Spain .... ...... ....
Guano.
In port ............
£nsland ...... ...
23
Quarter ended June 30, 1865....
9
15
Guano.
Germany . , - . - -r
do.
Guavaauil . ......
Assorted.
Spain
Guano.
San Francisco
Havana . .......
Assorted.
Guano.
New York
do.
Chili
Ballast.
England
33
Quarter ended September 30, 1865
8
6
1
I
1
25
Guano.
Germanv . ......
do.
Spain
do. *
iSiited States
Do
do.
Ballast.
f
Do
Coal.
Coast
Quarter ended December 31 , 1865
7
1
1
6
1
2
11
BaUast.
France .... .... ....
Guano <
Gnavaauil
Ballast.
Germany
Portusral ....... ....
Guano
do.
Pacific ocean
United States
Total
Oil and stores.
Guano.
29
Total number of vessels. . .
110
110
Tonnage entered.
First quarter— Entered: 14 ships, 7 barks, 1 steamer, 1 brig. Cleared: 14 ships,
7 barks, 1 steamer, and 1 brig in port - *2, 524
Second quarter— Entered : 29 ships, 4 barks. Cleared : 29 ships, 4 barks 33, 799
Third quarter— Entered: 19 ships, 4 barks, 2 steamers. Cleared: 19 ships, 4 barks,
2 steamers -- 25,752
Fourth quarter— Entered : 19 ships, 4 barks, 2 steamers, 3 brigs, 1 schooner.
Cleared : 19 ships, 4 barks, 2 steamers, 3 brigs, 1 schooner 2l,S7o
ToUl tonnage 1^^,950
Digitized by LjOOQIC
594 ANNUAL EEPORT ON FOREIGN COMMERCE.
RECAPITULATION.
GuaDO 92 V
Ballast J2
Assorted 3
Coal J
Oil, &c 2
Total 110
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
Buenos Ayres — H. R. Helper, Consul,
September 6, 1865.
I have prepared a tabular statement exhibiting the business of this port with
the Unitea States, and in connexion with my own statistics have obtained from
our vice-consul at Montevideo a corresponding statement of the business of that
port. Both statements are herewith enclosed ; the one showing the business of
Buenos Ayres, the other the business of Montevideo. * • * From the
two exhibits examined in connexion and in contrast with each other, it will, I
think, be an easy matter to arrive at a correct knowledge of the relative busineE.^
and general importance of the two leading cities of the La Plata — Buenos
Ayres and Montevideo— in their respective commercial intercourse with the
United States. While examining these statistics, you can hardly fail to be
impressed with the fact that even allowing something more than the annual
average of exports from Montevideo to the United States for the several years,
respectively, of which there are no returns, yet the business of Buenos Ayres,
in this particular, is about ten times greater than that of Montevideo. Making
similar allowance in the matter of importations, it will appear that the imports
into Buenos Ayres from the United States are about twice the quantity and
value of the imports from the United States into Montevideo.
It will also oe seen, by examination of the respective columns of the two
exhibits which show the arrival of vessels from sea, or from the mouth of the
La Plata, and which are the columns that give the true index to the actual
number of arrivals at each city, that the number of vessels which enter the port
of Buenos Ayres from the United States is about double the number of those
which enter the port of Montevideo. It may further be observed, by referring
to the columns which show the arrivals from up-river ports, that many American
vessels, when once on the waters of the La Plata, enter the port of Montevideo
twice before they proceed to sea again ; the first time when on their way to
Buenos Ayres, and the second time when (as in most cases of this kind) they
go from Buenos Ayres to Montevideo for ballast, their presence on the La Plata,
in such instances, constituting but one arrival in Buenos Ayres.
It may also be pertinent to remark in this connexion, that Buenos Ayres is a
city which contains, at this time, as is generally believed, not less than 160,000
inhabitants — I have frequently heard the number estimated at 200,000 — and is
the capital of the Argentine Republic, which covers an area of about 780,000
square miles, occupied by an aggregate population of more than 1,200,000.
Montevideo, on the other hand, contains only about 50,000 inhabitants — it
has been scarcely a week since I heard the number estimated as low as 30,000 —
and is the capital of the little republic of Uruguay, which covers an area of
Digitized by V^OOQ !(:!
AEQENTINE REPUBLIC.
595
rather lees than 75,000 square miles, occupied by an aggregate population of
not more than 350,000. • • • • It is true, nevertheless, that Montevideo
is a city of bright prospects and growing importance ; and I have conversed
with more than one intelligent gentleman who did not hesitate to venture the
prediction that Montevideo will some day become the great commercial empo-
rium of the river Plata. • • • * •
Comparative statement s/iowing the number of American vessels arrived at the-
port of Buenos Ayres from 1854 to 1864, inclusive; together toith the value of
the imports into and the exports from Buenos Ayres to the United States in
American and foreign bottoms, respectively, during the said period, the value
in all cases being exhibited in gold or silver dollars.
IMPORTS.
EXPORT?.
i
"s
6
a
S tm
Oft
ll
Value of imports Into
Buenos Ayros from
the United states in
American bottoms.
Value of imports into
Buenos Ayres from
the United States
In foreign vessels.
§25
u
11
Value of exports from
Buenos Ayres to
the United States In
foreign bottoms.
Total valueof exports
to the United States.
1854
77
108
111
117
103
96
107
138
106
68
34
! 77
6 114
$761,725
969,427
1,681,565
1,556,582
914, 957
816, 157
1,269,358
1, 040, 000
663,776
1, 107, 673
369,264
761,725
969,427
1, 738, 868
1, 598, 829
924,477
840, 527
1,269,358
1, WO, 000
666,215
1,333,688
669,047
2, 144, 971
2, 545, 087
2,376,871
2,683,967
2,536,923
.3,303,439
3,211,804
1, 281, 717
2, 506, 465
2,306,667
699,002
2, 144, 971
1855..
2, 545, 087
1856..
1857..
1858..
1859..
I860
1
2
20
10
7
3
5
2
2
112
119
123
106
114
141
111
. 70
36
$57,303
42,247
9,520
24,370
$96,310
4,754
58.984
54,993
2,473,181
2, 688, 721
2, 595, 907
3, 358, 432
3, 211, 804
1861
132,892
629,430
2, 290, 726
4, 644, 165
1,414,609
1862..
1863..
1864..
2,439
226, 015
299,783
3, 135, 895
4, 597, 393
5,343,167
1,065
58 1,123
11, 150, 484
061,677
11,812,101
25,596,913
7, 912. 254
33, 509, 167
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